FUNK  &WAGNALLS 

DESK 

STANDARD 


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THE  I  IBRARY 

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THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 

EX  LIBRIS 
(  LARENCE  ADDISON  DYKSTRA 


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450,000  \<>c XV.X...O  ^jkj,kjxjkj  muic  ihan  any  other  dic- 
tionary: over  380  Editors  and  Specialists;  32,000  Quotations; 
125,000  Svnonvms  and  Antonyms;  many  Beautiful  Colored 
Plates:    7,000  Illustrations;    Cost  over  $1,450,000. 


Sweeping  Endorsements  from  Prominent  Educators 

United  States  Commissioner  of  Education.  Hon.  Philander  P. 
Claxton,  says:  "I  congratulate  you  .  .  .  This  greal  work,  .  .  .  can  not 
fail  to  be  a  distinct  contribution  to   English  scholarship." 

Princeton  University.  President  John  Grier  HlBBEN,  Princeton 
University,  Princeton.  N.  J.;  "I  wish  to  express  to  you  my  appreciation, 
and  to  congratulate  you  upon  the  general  appearance  and  convenience  of 
this  work.     'I  he  plan  seems  to  me  to  be  a  most  admirable  one." 

.   George  Trumbull  Ladd,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Profes- 

meritus  of  Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy,  Yale  University :  "There 
can  be  little  doubt.  I  think,  that  it  is  going  to  prove  the  most  available. 
accurate,  interesting,  and  informing  collection  of  knowledge  on  how  to 
spell,  pronounce,  interpret,  and  use  correctly  the  Knglish  language  ever 
compared  within  the  limits  of  a  single  volume." 


I' t' HUSH  1.1)   BY 

FUNK  &  WAGNALLS  COMPANY,   New  York  and  L( 


MOST  COMPREHENSIVE   AND   UP-TO-DATE 


Sir  Gilbert  Parker,  D.C.L.,  M.P.,  the  Novelist,  writes  from  London:  "The  scheme  of 
reconstruction  and  development  of  Funk  &  Wagnalls  New  Standard  Dictionary  gives  promise 
of  striking  results.  It  is  really  quite  wonderful  to  see  in  this  New  Standard  Dictionary 
illustrations  of  such  modern,  mechanical,  and  scientific  construction  as  the  Tower  Bridge  in 
London,  and  the  Rolling  Life  Bridge  of  Khartoum  and  also  the  latest  developments  in 
aviation,  motor-machines,  house  building,  military  and  naval  technicalities  and  agricultural 
knowledge.  I  have  been  delighted  to  see  that  this  dictionary  contains  innumerable  examples 
of  information  usually  absent  from  books  of  reference." 

THE   FUNK  &  WAGNALLS 

New   Standard   Dictionary 

Embraces  in  its  features  of  dictionary-making  many  new 
and  exclusive  ideas  of  far-reaching  convenience  and  value 

BRIEF    MENTION  OF  A   FEW  OF  ITS  SURPASSING    MERITS 


One  alphabetical  order  throughout  is  the  char- 
acteristic arrangement  of  the  contents  of  the 
Funk  &  Wagnalls  New  Standard  Dictionary. 
The  universal  custom  in  Lexicography  has 
been  to  arrange  a  dictionary  in  several  distinct 
and  separate  departments. 

Two  Keys  Are  Included  for  Pronunciation; 
the  revised  scientific  alphabet,  and  the 
text-book  key. 

Disputed  Pronunciations  have  been  sub- 
mitted to  a  committee  of  twenty-five  of  the 
World's  leading  Educators  and  dealt  with 
more  thoroughly  than  ever  before. 

Compounding,  Syllabication,  and  the  Division 
of  Words  for  Writing  and  Printing  have  been 
reduced  to  scientific  systems. 


///  Defining,  the  Common,  Present-day 
Meaning  is  given  first — where  it  should  be — 
and  the  obsolete  meaning  last. 

Contains  the  Latest  Official  Census  Statistics 
of  the  populations  of  the  world. 

Many  Full  page  I/lustrations,  some  in  over 
40  colors,  and  7,000  other  illustrations  are 
incorporated  in  the  work. 

Many  Thousands  of  Important  New  Words 
are  exclusively  recorded  and  defined. 

To  th  e  Department  of  Synonyms  and  A  ntonyms 
the  New  Standard  devotes  more  space  than 
any  other  work,  being  the  only  dictionary  that 
gives  antonyms  as  well   as  synonyms. 

The  Correct  Use  of  Prepositions  is  appro- 
priately explained  with  many  illustrations. 


University  of  Denver.  Henry  A.  Buchtel, 
Former  Governor  of  Colorado,  Chancel- 
lor of  the  University  of  Denver,  Colo.: 
"The  New  Standard  Dictionary  may  be 
characterized  as  a  liberal  education  in  one 
volume.  The  guide-posts  which  point  the 
way  into  all  the  highways  and  byways  of 
learning  are  here.      No  estimate  can  be  made 


of  its  value  to  a  family  where  there  are  boys 

and  girls.  ',' 

Berea  College,  Kentucky.  President  William 
Goodell  Frost  writes:  "The  special  features 
of  the  New  Standard  Dictionary  are  precisely 
those  which  commend  themselves  to  my 
judgment.  They  are  such  as  to  encourage 
us  all  in  the  dictionary  habit." 


SEND     FOR     PROSPECTUS    AND    TERMS.       SPECIAL    PRICES    TO    SCHOOLS 


PUBLISHED   BY 

FUNK  &  WAGNALLS  COMPANY,  New  York  and  London 


THE 


[Reg.  U.  S.  Pat.  OR 


Desk  Standard 
Dictionary 

Of  the  English  Language 


Designed  to  Give  the  Orthography,  Pronunciation,  Meaning,  and  Etymology 

of  about  80,000  Words  and  Phrases  in  the  Speech  and  Literature 

of  the  English-Speaking  Peoples 


1,200  PICTORIAL  ILLUSTRATIONS 


Abridged  from  the  Funk  &  W agnails  New  Standard  Dictionary  of 
the  English  Language  by 

JAMES  C.  FERNALD,  L.H.D 

EDITOR  OF  THE  COMPREHENSIVE  STANDARD  DICTIONARY;   THE  CONCISE  STANDARD  DICTIONARY: 
ENGLISH  SYNONYMS,  ANTONYMS,  AND  PREPOSITIONS,  ETC. 


FUNK   &   WAGNALLS   COMPANY 

NEW  YORK  AND   LONDON 
1919 


Copyrioht.  t916  inn*  191S.  ft?/  Pmk  A  Wagnalh  Company 


ALL  RIGHTS  RESERVED 


Copyright  under  the  Articles  of  the  Copyright  Convention  of  the  Pan-American  Republics 
and  the  United  States.  August,  11,  1910 


[Th<   '  lard  Dictionary] 

d  i    the  I'mtkij  Btates  of  America 


INTRODUCTORY  // 


\ 


This  work  is  an  abridgment  of  the  Funk  &  Wagnalls  New  Standard  Dictionary  of  the  En- 
glish Language,  designed  especially  for  desk  use  in  the  home,  the  office,  the  counting-house,  the 
classroom,  etc.,  and  for  use  on  the  study  or  library  table.  It  will  be  found  particularly  adaptable  to 
college,  use,  for  it  is  sufficiently  inclusive  in  its  vocabulary  and  complete  in  its  definitions  to  cover  all 
words  that  one  is  likely  to  meet  in  study  or  in  reading,  and  to  give  an  adequate  and  readily  intelligi- 
ble idea  of  the  meaning  of  every  such  word.  Beyond  this  immediate  design,  the  book  will  be  found 
widely  useful  for  all  persons  who  desire  to  have  a  dictionary  of  convenient  size  readily  accessible  on 
the  many  occasions  when  the  spelling,  pronunciation,  or  meaning  of  a  word  is  to  be  settled  out  of  hand, 
since  all  statements  herein  given  are  as  authoritative,  as  far  as  they  go,  as  those  of  the  larger  work 
from  which  they  are  derived.  Readers  of  every  grade,  in  the  office  or  the  home,  will  find  their  needs 
very  fully  met  by  the  wide  range  of  vocabulary  and  definitions,  while  the  avoidance  as  far  as  practica- 
ble of  the  merely  technical  or  learned  style  makes  all  the  information  contained  readily  available 
for  popular  use. 

From  the  450,000  words  and  phrases  of  the  New  Standard  Dictionary  80,000  have  been 
selected  that  are  in  approved  general  and  literary  use.     Exceeding  care  has  been  exercised  to  in- 
clude every  worthy  word  that  will  be  found  in  the  reading  of  standard 
The  Vocabulary.  English  authors  or  of  the  best  class  of  current  literature.     To  make  this 

selection  thoroughly  inclusive,  those  works  of  eminent  English  authors 
recommended  by  the  "National  Conference  on  Uniform  Entrance  Requirements  in  English"  for 
the  Colleges  of  the  United  States  have  been  comprehensively  and  critically  read  with  the  endeavor 
to  note  every  unusual  word,  as  well  as  every  use  of  a  familiar  word  in  an  unusual  sense,  thus  insuring 
the  inclusion  in  this  dictionary  of  practically  all  important  words  and  meanings  found  in  the  so-called 
"English  Classics."  Special  pains  have  also  been  taken  to  cover  the  recent  advances  of  science  and 
invention,  so  far  as  these  have  come  into  practical  use,  as  in  aviation,  radioactivity,  wireless  telegraphy,  etc. 
It  has  been  the  fixed  purpose  not  to  encumber  the  pages  with  obsolete  words  and  meanings 
known  only  to  critical  scholars  and  never  met  by  ordinary  readers.  None  such  have  been  carried 
merely  because  retained  by  other  dictionaries,  since  every  thoroughly  use- 
Obsolete  Words  less  word  occupies  space  urgently  needed  for  living  words  and  definitions. 
and  Meanings.  All  that  were  deemed  valuable,  however,  of  carefully  selected  obsoletes  from 
the  works  of  Shakespeare,  Malory,  Milton,  and  other  classical  authors 
have  been  entered.  Where  an  obsolete  meaning  is  the  original  historic  sense  of  the  word,  this  has 
usually  been  retained.  Q-fysolete  words  or  senses  (as  understood  in  this  Dictionary)  are  such  as  have 
not  been  used  by  writers  of  authority  since  the  year  1800.  Such  are  marked  with  the  dagger  (t). 
Words  that  are  passing  out  of  use,  recently  revived  obsoletes,  affectedly  old-fashioned  forms,  and  also 
old  words  occurring  in  the  Bible  or  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  altho  no  longer  in  use  elsewhere, 
are  marked  as  archaic  f|[L  The  greatest  care  has  been  taken  to  mark  as  obsolete  or  archaic  all  words 
and  meanings  that  are  really  so,  in  order  that  the  younger  students  especially  may  not  be  led  to 
employ  them  on  the  supposition  that  they  are   still  in  approved  use. 

Words  and  meanings  that  might  be  used  in  conversation  by  the  most  cultivated  people,  tho  not  m 
literary  use,  are  characterized  in  this  Dictionary  as  colloquial    (Colloq.).     Dialectic  and  slang  words 
have  been  in  the  main   excluded,  tho  some  nave  been  retained  to  meet  the 
Colloquial,  Dialectic,     demands  of  the  English  classics  chosen  for  the  entrance  examinations  at  our 
and  Slang  Terms.  leading  colleges  and    universities.     Among    the   dialectic  forms  are  many 

Scottish  terms,  which  arc  given  as  an  aid  to  the  student  in  the  intelligent  read- 
ing of  Scott,  Barrie,  Stevenson,  and  other  representative  Scottish  authors.  Unworthy  slang  and  dialec- 
tic terms  have  been  purposely  omitted,  the  omission  being  commonly  the  stamp  of  disapproval. 

The  vocabulary  is  one.      Proper  names,  abbreviations,  prefixes,  suffixes, 
One  Alphabetical  etc.,  will  all  be  found  in  one  alphabetical  order.     The  saving  of  time  and 

Order.  the  avoidance  of  perplexity  and  confusion  by  this  unity  of  treatment  are 

beyond  expression. 
All  important  prefixes  and  suffixes  which  enter  into  the  composition  of  words  receive  separate 
treatment  in  alphabetical  place;  thus  the  prefix  pro-,  with  its  meaning  in  composition  and  its  ety- 
mology,  will   be  found   in  its  proper  place  on  page  620,  while   provvlr,  of 
Prefixes  and  Suffixes,      which  it   forms  the  first  element,  will  be  found  in  its  correct  alphabetical 
position  on  page  627.  ,  . 

The  6,700  proper  names  included  in  the  vocabulary  were  selected   from  extensive  lists,   in   the 
endeavor  to  give,  so  far  as  possible  within  the  limited  space,  the  names  most  likely  to  be  looked  for 
and  most  important  to  be  found.     The  definitions  of  proper  names  include: 
Proper  Names  for   persons,   a   brief   characterization,    with   date   of    birth    and    (if   not    now 

Denned.  living)    of  death;   for   a   country,   island,   etc.,   its    situation,   area   in   square 

miles,  and  population,  and,  in  the  case  of  a  country  or  state,  its  capital; 
for  a  city,  town,  etc.,  its  location  and  population,  with  note  of  any  especially  important  event,  as  a 
battle,  treaty,  or  the  like;  for  mountains,  the  location  and  height;  for  rivers,  the  location  and  length 
in  miles;  for  oceans,  seas,  and  lakes,  the  location  and  area  in  square  miles.  Thus,  within  very  limited 
space,  is  given  a  great  amount  of  valuable  biographieal,  historical,  and  geographical  information. 
Desk  WO 


665039 


OUT 


Mi  *  Standard  Di<  hokaht.  and  will  be  found  in  harmony 

\\  In  11  two   ■  une  word  are  equally, 

nctionod  b>  usage,  the  two  forma  1 1 1  %  •  -  been  bracketed 

Spelling;.  nee  being  t •  >r  the  on  d      1"  othei   i  the 

i   \  u i. int  or  \  ai iantt  aftei   the 

e,  or  t  for  an  obsolete  variant).     I  where 

•  'in  the  word  defined,  the  variant  u  red 

preferred     thus,  a  mt  U  r  and  admit*  r  «  ill  be 

where  the  definition  is  given.     In  words  fully 

■  the  diphthongs  ":r"    and   "cb",  as  in   aittsfte,  homeopathy;    bul 

i  referred  to  the  preferred  forms.     In  the  spelling  of 

:    the   United   States  Board  on  Geographic    Nam*      have   been 

;         ling  recommended  for  use  by  the  American  Philological  Association 

Spelling  Hi i:»ri t  will,  in  general,  be  found  recorded  under  the  regulai   spelling. 

LMonally,  the  optional  omission  of  n  silenl  letter  is  indicated,  by  the 

simplified  Spell  ins.        use  of  a  parenthesis  nr  parentheses,  :is  abatabl  • .  abandon^  )d.    These  special 

form  ini'ii  :is  in  no  case  to  supersede  or  obscure  the  commonly 

lai    I  \i'i  inator?  Notes,  Reformed  Spellings,  page  vi. 
should  I"-  written  with  capital  initial  letters  arc  capitalised  in  the  vocab- 
ulary, thus  enabling  the  reader  to  see  at  a  glance  how  to  write  the  word, 
t  .ipli.ili/atlon.  Where  in  any  case  usage  varies,  both  the  capitalised  and  the  noncap- 

italised forms  arc  indicated. 
•   m  of  compounding  words  adopted  by  the  \'i\\  Standard  Di<  noNARi  has  been  ap- 
ierman  double  hyphen  is  used  to  distinguish  hyphenated  compound  words,  as  driving' 
■ ,  prinHng'preas,  from  compounds  in  which  words  originally 
Compound  Words*        distinct   arc  united  without   the  hyphen,  as  coachman,  sunbeam,   wildcat, 

The  single  hyphen  is  used  merely  to  indicate  division  of  words  into 
pounds  will  ordinarily  l»-  found  under  the  first  element;  if  no!  found  there  they  should 

•    under  the  second  element,   where,   for  special   reasons,   they  are  sometimes  placed. 

plan  of  indicating  the  pronunciation  of  words  by  respelling  in  two  keys  followed  by  the 

noNART  lias  been  followed  a  No  in  this  work.    The  disadvantages  of  having  more 

than  one  symbol  for  the  same  Bound,  originated  in  the  so-called  Websterian 

Pronunciation.  dictionaries,  are  avoided  by  Key  l.  in  which  each  Bymbol  lias  its  own  sound 

throughout    the   alphabet.       For   detailed    explanation    of    the   values   of    the 
•     viii.     In  general,  the  preferences  of  the  larger  work  are  followed.     In  all 
pronunciation  due  consideration  has  been  given  to  the  decisions  of  the  New 
-  Advisory  Committee  of  Philologists  and  Educators  in  charge  of  the  Depart- 
aunciations,  and  in  many  instances,  where  two  differing  pronunciations  have  an 
lual  weight  of  authority,  both  are  given,  as  in  the  case  of  such  words  as  advertisement, 
I:.  •  —  where  derivatives  are  not  respelled,  the  pronunciation  is  believed 
Bciently  indicated  by  hyphenization  and  accent,  each  syllable  having  the  pronunciation 
incline  syllable  in  the  main  word  from  which  the  derivative  is  formed.    Thus,  in  a-hat'- 
a-hle  thi    syllable  •Mt'  i-  pronounced  as  in  a-bati.';  in  mov'a-ble  the  syllable  mov'  has  the  pro- 
dn   word  mmvk.   from  which  it  is  derived.     So  in  all  similar  cases. 
J  cat     has  been  taken  to  make  the  definitions  at  once  comprehensive  and  concise  by  em- 
rneanings  and  distinctions,  and  by  making  the  general  definitions  thoroughly  in- 
clusive.     Where,  as  often,  it   has  been  necessary  to  abridge  the  definitive 
munition*.  ■dents   of   the    Nkw   Standard   Dictionary  or   to   condense   several 

definitions  into  one,  the  definitions  of  the  larger  book  have  been  critically 
lential  meaning  given  with  all  possible  fulness  and  exactness. 

beerved   throughout   of  giving  the  most  common  meaning  first,  then  others 

in  the  order  of  their  divergence.     Meanings  nearly  akin  are  separated  by  semicolons;  but,  for  those 

itially  distinct,  numerals  are  employed.     As  a  rule,  each  difinition  begins  with  a  definitivt  ataie- 

all   that    belongs  to  that   definition,   and  as  exclusive 

shut   out   everything  else.      Following  the  definitive  statement,  one  or  more  apposite 

.-'tally  given,     in  some  instances,  chiefly  in  subordinate  definitions,  a  synonym  only 

the  definition  of  that  synonym  in  its  own  place  will  tell  all  that  it  is  necessary 

•  ease  about  the  word  which  the  synonym  has  been  used  to  define. 

The-  making  this  an  English  dictionary  of  a  popular  type,  clear  and  intelligible,  has  been 

v  in  view.    To  this  end,  wherever  there  ha-  been  a  choice  between  a  popular  ami  a  techni- 

rm,  the  popular  term,  if  equally  accurate,  has  always  been  preferred.     It 

Preference  t.iven  to       ha-  been  held  that  a  thoroughly  intelb'gible  definition,  even  if  less  technically 

Popular  Terms.  precise,  would   give  a   better  idea  of   the  meaning  of   a  word    than   an  exact 

tific  or  philosophical    definition  that   would   be  difficult   to  comprehend. 

The  ....  for  purposes  of  definition,  as  well  as  of  style,  is  now  generally  conceded. 

The  i  rds  are  riot  only  better  understood  but  better  remembered  by  comparison 

or  contrast,  while  no  -election  for  use  is  adequate  except  that  which  chooses 

s>non>ms  and  the  very  word  that  fits  the  immediate  occasion  as  no  other  word  could 

Anton)  III-.  Eactly  do.      The  editor  of  thi-  dictionary,   who  prepared  the  synonyms 

for  the  original  Standard  and  also  for  the  Nkw  Standard  Dictionary, 

!  charge  of  this  department,  and  has  drawn  freely  upon  the  material  in  the  larger 
work,  and  also    with  I  the  publishers)  upon  his  own  book,  "English  Synonyms, Antonyms, 

and    I  •  incorporated  much  new  matter    prepared   especially   (or  this  book 

and  never  before  published. 

I..-. 


Introductory 


The  synonym  matter  here  contained  embraces  more  than  6,000  separate  entries,  including  dis- 
criminating articles  and  groups,  occupying  11,700  lines  of  type,  which  by  means  of  brief  and  pointed 
comparisons  bring  out  simply  and  clearly  the  nice  distinctions  existing  between  words  of  allied  mean- 
ings, especially  with  reference  to  approved  present«day  usage,  meanings  found  only  in  our  older  lit- 
erature being  lightly  touched  in  passing.  There  are  also  754  lists  of  antonyms,  a  feature  not  found 
in  any  other  abridged  work  of  this  size;  these  will  be  found  very  useful  to  the  writer  for  purposes  of 
contrast  and  antithesis,  and  have  also  definitive  value,  since  often  the  clearest  definition  of  a  word 
is  found  in  the  statement  of  what  it  is  not. 

The  various  prepositions  have  been  defined  in  alphabetical  place  with  special  care,  and  where 
a  preposition  is  so  closely  associated  with  a  verb,  adjective,  etc.,  or  with  a  certain  meaning  of  such 

word,  as  to  be  the  necessary  or  the  natural  adjunct  for  expressing  the  mean- 
Prepositions,  ing,  such  preposition  is  noted;  as  in  the  following  definitions  of  the  verb 

consist:  "1.  To  be  composed;  be  made  up:  followed  by  of.  2.  To  have  as 
its  foundation,  substance,  or  nature;  be:  followed  by  in.  3.  To  be  compatible;  harmonize:  followed 
by  with."  Also,  in  connection  with  the  lists  of  synonyms  under  236  words,  the  correct  prepositions 
to  be  used,  with  illustrations  of  such  use,  have  been  given.  Thus,  under  the  word  employ,  at  the 
end  of  the  synonym  paragraph,  will  be  found  "Prep.:  Employ  in,  on,  upon,  or  about  a  work,  business, 
etc.;  for  a  purpose;  at  a  stipulated  salary;"  similarly,  under  hinder,  "Hinder  one  in  his  progress; 
from  acting  promptly;  by  opposition." 

In  those  cases  where  many  words  begin  with  the  same  prefix,  as  in-  or  un-,  and  where  the  defini- 
tion of  each  is  readily  found  by  combining  the  meaning  of  the  prefix  with  that  of  the  second  element, 

such  words  are  simply  listed  under  the  appropriate  prefix,  without  defini- 
The  Grouping  of  tion,  those  that  for  any  reason  require  separate  treatment  being  omitted 

Words.  from  the  list  and  defined  in  the  vocabulary.     In  all  such  lists,  the  syllabica- 

tion and  accents  of  the  listed  words  have  been  given,  as  it  is  chiefly  foi 
spelling,  syllabication,  and  accent  that  such  words  would  be  looked  up  in  a  dictionary.  The  various 
prefixes  and  suffixes  will  be  found  defined  in  vocabulary  place. 

Derivatives  are  often  entered  directly  after  their  primitives  without  definition,  where  the  mean- 
ing is  readily  gathered  by  making  the  appropriate  modification,  as  of  an  adjectival  to  an  adverbial 

meaning,  or  the  like.  This  is  particularly  the  case  with  adverbs  regularly 
Derivatives.  formed  in  -ly,  qualitative  nouns  in  -ness,  verbal  nouns  in  -er,  -ing,  and 

-ment,  and  nouns  of  office  or  quality  formed  from  other  nouns  by  the  ad- 
dition of  -age,  -hood,  or  -ship.  The  giving  of  undefined  derivatives  has  important  use  in  supplying 
information  of  syllabication  and  accent.  Where  the  derivative  has  special  importance,  or  has  ac- 
quired some  meaning  that  would  not  appear  from  the  direct  combination  of  the  meaning  of  the  prim- 
itive with  that  of  the  suffix,  such  derivative  is  entered  with  definition,  either  under  its  primitive 
or  in  vocabulary  place.  Thus  eater  is  entered  without  definition  under  eat;  but  bumper  is  defined  in  vo- 
cabulary place,  and  coherer  is  defined  as  a  derivative  under  cohere.  Adverbs  that  add  the  syllable 
-ly  directly  to  the  adjectival  form,  qualitative  nouns  that  similarly  add  the  syllable  -ness,  verbal 
nouns  in  -ment,  and  a  few  others  are  often  indicated  by  simply  entering  the  final  syllable,  with  the 
characterization  of  its  part  of  speech  under  the  primitive,  as  -ly,  adv.,  -ness,  n.,  -ment,  n.,  etc., 
where  space  is  saved  by  so  doing.  In  every  such  case  the  suffix  is  to  be  added  to  the  full  form  of 
the  leading  word  next  preceding.  If  an  adjective  ends  in  I,  the  addition  of  -ly  thus  results  in  doubling 
the  I;  as,  principal  +  -ly  becomes  principally.  If  there  is  a  change  of  form  of  the  primitive  upon  the 
addition  of  the  suffix,  the  word  is  spelled  out  in  full,  as  (under  guilty)  guiltily,  adv.,  and  guiltiness, 
n.  A  multitude  of  such  derivatives,  particularly  of  adverbs  ending  in  -ly  and  nouns  in  -ness,  are 
made  and  used  at  will.  These,  in  very  many  cases,  it  has  not  been  thought  necessary  to  record, 
where  they  are  regular  both  in  form  and  meaning. 

In  many  cases,  a  word  having  the  same  meaning  as  the  vocabulary  word,  whether  from  the 
same  or  a  different  root,  is  given  as  a  variant,  after  the  etymology,  with  the  sign  (t)  if  a  living  word ; 

otherwise  with  the  obsolete  sign  (f).  If  a  variant  corresponds  only  to 
Variant  Forms  of  a  single  meaning,  it  is  given  directly  after  that  meaning.     Different  spell- 

Words,  ings  of  the  same  word  are  similarly  treated  (see  Spelling),  as  adjective 

and  adjectival,  etc. 
The  etymologies  have  been  given  in  a  clear  but  condensed  form,  tracing  each  word  as  far  as 
practicable  to  its  ultimate  source,  that  the  reader  may  know  whence  the  word  started,  and  just  how 

it  came  to  have  its  present  signification.  For  the  benefit  of  the  student, 
Etymologies.  and  for  ease  of  consultation,  words  from  the  Greek,  Hebrew,  Arabic,  etc., 

in  the  etymologies  have  been  transliterated,  thus  facilitating  the  reading 
of  all  foreign  words,  of  whatever  origin.     See  Special  Explanatory  Notes. 

A   number  of  valuable  tallies  are  included,   containing  matters  to  which  ready  and  repeated 
reference  is  desirable,  as  of  coins,  of  constellations,  planets,  and  stars,  of  weights  and  measures  (in- 
cluding a  full  exposition  of  the  metric  system,  with  factors  for  conversion), 
Tables  and  Lists.  of  chemical  elements  (giving  the  atomic  weight,  specific  gravity,  and  fusing* 

or  melting-point  of  each,  with  the  name  of  the  discoverer  and  the  source 
from  which  it  is  derived),  of  Presidents  of  the  United  States,  and  Sovereigns  of  England,  and  under  such 
words  as  Latin,  law,  etc.,  are  lists  in  the  form  of  run-in  definitions  characterizing  the  various  types 
or  divisions  in  the  several  subjects. 

The  illustrations,  more  than  1,200  in  number,  have  been  selected,  not  for  mere  embellishment, 
but  as  aids  in  definition,  conveying  the  meaning  of  terms  through  the  eye  to  the  mind  as,  in  very 

many  cases,  mere  words  can  not  do.  These  illustrations  have  been  in  great 
The  Pictorial  part  made  especially  for  this  work,  and  will  be  found  scientifically  exact 

Illustrations.  and   artistically   accurate.      A   number  of  full-page   groups  of   illustrations 

will   be  found  distributed  through   the   book.      The  selections   were   mule 
with  the  view  of  supplementing  the  definitions  (see  aeroplane,  agriculture,  architecture,  knot,  musical 
Desk 


u   I  Mi  w  \  roni   Noti  n 


their   educational  value       rhe   illustrations  "i    barka,  flowers,  and 
in  botanic  il  work,  1 1 1 •  ■  id  birds  to  1 1 1« -  student  ol  n  ttural 


ivc  boon  f. t  the  mi"-i  pari  omitted  from  the  vocabulary  nn  form- 
is       \  limited  numbei  which  soem  special!)  worthj  ol  note 

,m.[,,!  in  the  deportment  •  •!   1  oroign  Phriuu  -  in  tin    Appendix. 

ni      .-.I.     i.     _ . .  .  i ii.ii        i  


.  _n   \\  ..r.ls  .m.l 
I'lir.t*.  - 


Tin-  li-i  there  given  will  l»-  found  i"  be  more  than  uaualh   full  and  ae. .. 

.    such  words  "r  phraaea,  either  by  frequency   "i  u  e  in  I  uglish 

h.  Ii>   tin-  need  "t  fuller  treatment,  it  for  other  special  reasons,  nave 


-j .,-. , 


•lit,  pari  passu,  Bto< 


ularj  .  ;i-  ■/'  fat  I  'i  statu  quo,  on  'lit.  , 

dge  tin-  faithful  and  efficient  labors  "i  the  entire  staff, 
II    m  ,  pip  i.-i     I '  i  ni  .  in  constant  and  helpful  collaboration. 
•  unit-nil  il.-k  u.se,  for  tin-  purposes  "i  tin-  individual  reader,  as  well  as  for 
—  MMin.  tin-  work  "ill  l»-  accorded  :i  worthj   plaoe  in  the  now  well* 
-  -i  iNoasn  l  hi  Hon  lbisb, 

.1.  C.  P. 


SPECIAL   EXPLANATORY   NOTES 


<  aaasjartaM  of  kajecttres;  Plurals  of  Nouns. 

DMFARATIV1       \M'     BUPmRLATTYB     DE- 

in   Hot 

.  ilarly,  according  to  the  simplest 

•  nouns*  is  indicated  either 
inserted  after  tin-  i>lur:il 

du'ty,  1  duVU;  L>  dQ'ty,  n.    [di 
indicate  that  the  pronuni 
;.  adding  "»"  to  the  pronuncia- 
llary    word       Tim-,    Ou'TTES    is    pro- 

\  erlJS  and  Their  Participles,  Ktc. 
lywh.if  the  nam  aim  participial  forms  op  a  verb 
the  vocabulary  word  fur  the 
t  tense  and  the  past  participle,  and  -ina  for  the 

•  in  compound  verbs.     See  Com- 

...    I 
.  erbe  is  indi- 

-.gn  (')  added  after  :i  verb,  or  after  Roman  I.,  as 

I  h  up-  grouped  under  one 

that    the  pronunciation  of 

irt  iciple  of  this  vrh  is  obtained 

pronunciation  of  the  vocabulary 

I.m.u  ,  !  luk;  2  look,  v.     By  adding  "f 

took,    the    pronunciation    of 

looked,  i.    thus:    luk    +   t    =    lukt;    mo 

i,l  ,(,  I,.  I  .    •    indicates  thai  the  im- 

blotcbed,  is  pronounced blecbt. 

ter  a  verb,  or  after  Roman  I  ,  as 

l  grouped  under  one 

that   the  pronunciation  of 

■  iciple  of  this  verb  is  obtained  by 

ibulary  word. 

amend  .        -mend';  2  a-m8nd'.     By  adding 

■  amend,  the  pronui 

intended,  lend'  - 

amount,  1   »-maunt';    2  a-i 

1  iciple  is 

•••  rfect  and  past  participle 
•  n,  by  adding 
dary  word 
love,  towed,  l  lord,  2  lovdj   cable, 

:   cabled,  1  k.-'bld.  2  ea'bld. 

:  under  their  fir-t  element, 
ition,  re- 
.  element, 

•  .,f  vrtis  formed  by  add- 
ing a  i  disabuse, 

inder  the  final  element  of  each 
ind,  as  under  abuse,  agree. 

r  ryaatJaglea,  Bte. 

f  a  word  has  been  traced  through 

more  than  one  language  in  th<-  New  Standard  Diction- 
ary   condensation   is  secured  in   the   present   work   by 

Desk 


indicating  the  intervening  language  or  languages  by  means 
of  superior  letters;  if"'  intervening,  languages  (where  more 
than  one  i*  noted)  being  given  in  the  order  which  the 
derivation  of  tin-  word  has  followed:  thus,  under  the  word 
butter,  n  .  the  expression  [<  (!r.'-'AM  boutyron]  indicates 
that  the  word  butter  has  conn-  into  the  English  language 
from  thi  iron  through  the  medium  of  the  Latin, 

and  later  of  the  Anglo-Saxon,  with  various  modifications 
in  tin-  process  of  transition.       Lit   =   I'll  mini' hi. 

Si  i  hm.s.  as  -ly,  -ness,  following  the  treatment  of  any 
vocabulary  word,  denote  that  the  suffix  is  to  be  added 
directly  to  the  bokMaoe  word  that  immediately  precedes 
it,  to  ion  n  the  corresponding  adverb  and  noun  I  s-  impi  i 
Under  hate  will  be  found  hateful,  a.  *  *  *  '-ly,  adt  ,  -ness, 
n.,  indicating  that  the  adverb  is  hatefully  and  the  noun 
hatef illness;  also,  hopeless,  o.  *  *  *  -ly,  adi  ,  -ness,  n  . 
indicating  thai  the  adverb  is  in  this  latter  case  hope- 
lessly, and  the  noun  hopelessness. 

Thk  Single  Hyphen  (-)  connects  parts  of  a  word  thai 
are  arbitrarily  separated,  as  at  the  end  of  a  line,  or  in  the 

■i  of  words  into  syllables,  the  syllables  which  it 
Connects  being  closely  joined  in  ordinary  writing  or  print- 
ing. The  single  hyphen  is  omitted  when  the  primary  or 
secondary  accent  ifl  used,  as  in  vocabulary  words:  as- 
tron'o-my  for  astronomy;  in"dl-vld"u-al  tor  individual 
The  Double  Hyphen  (•)  connects  only  the  parts  of  a 

compound  word,  and  indicates  that  the  parts  so  joined 
are  to  !>e  connected  by  a  hyphen  in  ordinary  writing  or 
printing;  as,  half-mast  (written  ordinarily  half-mast) 

The  Single  Accent  (')  indicates  the  primary  or  chief 
accent ;  as,  a 'hie. 

The  Double  Accent  '")  indicates  the  secondary  ac- 
cent; as,  as-so"el-a'tion;  niul"tl-pli-ca'tlon. 
Abbreviations  and  Arbitrary  Signs. 
Colloq  ]  Colloquial. 


Dial  ]   Dialectic 

Prov  ]    Provincial. 
Poet  )   Poetical. 


t  =  obsolete. 

\\  =  archaic. 

§  =  rare. 

%  =  variant. 


Reformed  Spellings. 

The  reformed  spellings  recommended  by  the  American 
Philological  Association  and  the  Philological  Society  ol 
England  are  marked  with  a  small  superior '';  those  recom- 
mended by  the  Simplified  Spelling  Board  are  marked  with 

i  '  'I  he  reformed  spellings  are  given  sometimes 
in  fully  respelled  form,  sometimes  by  putting  a  parenthesis 
mark  before  'and,  if  necessary,  after)  a  letter  in  the 
vocabulary   spilling   which   in   the   reformed  spelling  i: 

I  'Thus,  ca'pa-bl'e'',  fys'lc1'  {phytic)  are  spell- 
ings recommended  by  the  two  philological  societies;  fo'- 
DO-graf*,  con-serve'",  con-serv  ed"*,  spellings  recom- 
mended by  the  Simplified  spelling  Board— the  e  beint, 
dropped  from  the  last  two. 

Illustrations. 
The  fractional  numbers  given  in  connection  with  the 
illustrations    of    certain    animals   denote    the    proportio.. 
which  the  illustration  bears  to  the  animal  illustrated. 


METHOD  OF  COMPOUNDING  WORDS 


General  Principles. 

1.  That  all  words  should  be  separate  when  used  in 
regular  grammatical  relation  and  construction,  unless  they 
are  jointly  applied  in  some  arbitrary  way. 

2.  That  abnormal  association  of  words  generally  in- 
dicates unification  in  sense,  and  hence  compounding  in 
form. 

3.  That  no  expression  in  the  language  should  ever  be 
changed  from  two  or  more  words  into  one  (either  hyphened 
or  solid)  without  change  of  sense. 

The  first  of  these  principles  forbids  joining  an  adjective 
and  a  noun  in  regular  use  (including  in  the  classification  as 
adjectives  all  words  used  with  clear  adjectival  force) ;  as, 
spinal  column,  chestnut  horse,  brick  house,  fellow  citizen,  he 
bear,  man  servant,  brother  officer,  home  run. 

Arbitrary  application  of  such  terms  requires  that  they 
should  be  joined.  Thus  we  have  blue  stocking  for  the 
stocking  itself,  but  bluestocking  for  a  woman,  and  redbreast 
is  the  common  form  of  the  name  of  a  bird  with  a  red  breast. 

The  first  principle,  moreover,  keeps  a  regular  adverb 
separate  from  the  adjective  it  modifies,  even  when  the  two 
express  one  attribution;  as,  "highly  colored  wings,"  "re- 
cently published  book." 

The  second  principle  makes  two  nouns  used  together  as 
one  name  become  one  word,  if  the  first  is  not  really  at- 
tributive. Thus,  while  brick  is  attributive  in  brick  house 
(a  house  made  of  bricks),  it  is  not  attributive  in  brick' 
yard  (a  yard  where  bricks  are  made).  Brick  in  the  first 
instance  has  the  same  qualifying  sense  that  bricken  would 
have  if  that  were  used,  and  so  is  an  adjective,  properly 
standing  alone;  but  in  the  second  instance  it  has  no  sense 
other  than  the  naming  of  what  is  made  in  the  yard,  and 
no  quality  or  attribute  of  the  yard  is  noted,  except  in  the 
name  as  a  whole. 

The  second  principle  requires  compounding: 

1.  When  two  adjectives,  a  noun  and  an  adjective,  or  any 
two  or  more  parts  of  speech  are  abnormally  associated  to 
express  one  attribution;  as,  a  down-stairs  room;  dark" 
brown  hair,  or  hair  that  is  dark-brown;  a  well-known  man; 
knee-deep  snow,  or  the  snow  is  knee-deep;  free-trade  doc- 
trines; a  silk-and-cotton  fabric;  North- American  birds. 

2.  When  one  of  two  words  used  together  as  a  verb,  an 
adverb,  or  any  part  of  speech,  is  in  such  use  not  placed  in 
accordance  with  a  rule  of  grammar;  as,  to  go  down-town; 
to  halter-break  a  horse;  a  cross-action;  a  counter-complaint; 
broad-mindedly;  after-ages. 

Eules  for  Selection  of  Forms. 

The  legitimate  conclusion  from  these  principles  is,  that 
if  one  term  having  elements  of  certain  kinds  is  properly  a 
compound  word,  so  is  every  other  exactly  similar  term. 
The  following  categories  or  rules  are  thus  obtained: 

1.  Every  name  that  shows  mere  ellipsis  and  inversion  of 
a  phrase  containing  two  nouns  is  a  compound  noun. 

A  "box  for  a  hat"  is  commonly  called  a  hat-box;  "a 
brush  for  the  hair,"  a  hair-brush;  "a  stove  for  cooking," 
a  cooking-stove  or  cook-stove.  It  may  be  safely  affirmed 
that  hat-box  is  printed  as  a  hyphened  compound  word 
much  more  frequently  than  it  is  printed  as  two  words, 
and  the  same  is  true  of  hair-brush;  so  we  select  the  com- 
pound form  as  fixed  in  the  best  usage.  Pill-box,  shoe-box, 
paper-box,  ribbon-box,  and  collar-box  properly  have  the 
same  form  as  hat-box,  and  so  on  through  the  entire  range 
of  known  or  possible  boxes  that  may  be  named  by  the 
word  box  preceded  by  the  name  of  what  the  box  is  to 
contain.  As  of  boxes,  so  of  brushes,  and  so  also  of  every- 
thing named  in  this  way — every  such  name,  except  as 
noted  below,  is  given  as  a  hyphened  compound  word. 
Some  names  that  are  unquestionably  compounds  in  their 
nature  have  never  been  so  written,  and  it  would  be  pedan- 
tic to  insist  that  they  should  be.  In  usage,  almost  univer- 
sally, such  words  as  company,  association,  asylum,  have 
been  kept  separate,  as  in  railroad  company,  racing  asso- 
ciation, insane  asylum.  There  is  no  error  in  writing  any 
one  of  these  as  a  compound,  but  there  is  no  urgent  reason 
for  doing  so. 

Seeming  Exceptions. 

I.  Some  uses  in  which  the  first  of  two  nouns  really 
stands  as  an  adjective  are  as  follows: 

(1)  With  the  sense  "made  of,"  as  in  silk  dress,  brick 
house,  feather  bed,  pumpkin  pie,  stone  wall. 


(2)  With  the  sense  "having  the  shape  or  the  character  oi 
quality  of,"  as  in  barrel  vault,  alligator  forceps,  companion 
picture,  he  bear,  man  milliner,  man  servant,  boy  bishop, 
bull  calf,  brother  officer,  fellow  citizen,  mesh  structure. 

(3)  With  the  sense  "pertaining  to,  suitable  for,  or  repre- 
senting," as  in  parlor  clock,  city  officer,  district  attorney, 
government  employee,  railroad  supplies,  insurance  office, 
church  furniture. 

(4)  With  the  sense  "characterized  by,"  as  in  diamond 
ring,  cylinder  press,  cupola  furnace. 

(5)  With  the  sense  "situated  in,  having  a  character  nat- 
urally implied  from  situation  or  connection,"  as  in  moun- 
tain streams,  country  gentleman,  ocean  steamer,  school 
etiquette,  society  manners. 

[In  specific  names  of  this  kind,  however,  compounding 
is  required  by  the  fact  of  specification,  which  is  merely 
naming.  For  some  common  compounds  other  than  such 
purely  specifying  names  no  reason  is  apparent,  unless 
accent  be  taken  as  a  reason;  but  here  the  indefinable 
borderline  that  exists  in  all  human  affairs  seems  to  be 
encountered.  Thus  (a)  we  have  sea-anemone,  sea-gull, 
field-mouse,  house-fly,  mountain-dew  (illicit  whisky),  etc., 
and,  (6)  while  we  say  and  write  as  two  words  o"cean  steam'- 
er,  we  say  as  one  word  wa'ter-an"imal,  and  it  should  be  so 
written.] 

(6)  With  the  sense  "acting  in  support  of,  advocating," 
as  in  Jackson  voters,  silver  advocates,  silver  man,  prohibi- 
tion speaker. 

(7)  With  the  sense  "residing,  existing,  or  originating  in, 
or  coming  from  (a  place),"  as  in  Brooklyn  politics,  Bath 
brick,  New  York  schools,  Florida  oranges. 

(8)  With  the  sense  "originated  or  made  by,  or  named 
after,"  as  in  Crookes  tube,  Williams  College. 

II.  Apposition. — Placing  two  nouns  in  apposition  is  very 
nearly  the  same  in  effect  as  using  the  first  as  an  adjective, 
the  difference  being  that  in  a  case  of  real  apposition  either 
word  may  be  used  alone  for  the  thing  named,  as  in 
monarch  oak,  knight  templar,  knight  companion. 

2.  Possessive  phrases  used  as  specific  names  are  com- 
pound words. 

Literature  exhibits  such  names  of  plants,  etc.,  in  differ- 
ent forms.  Certain  books  have  some  of  them  compounded 
and  others  as  two  words;  as,  hare's-tail  for  one  plant  and 
lion's  tail  for  another.  Certain  other  books  have  the  dif- 
ference reversed;  as,  lion's-tail  and  hare's  tail. 

It  is  absolutely  impossible  to  make  a  record  of  the  use 
of  these  names  showing  differences  in  form  that  can  be 
proved  to  be  established.  Every  such  name  given  in  this 
Dictionary  is  joined  by  a  hyphen,  excepting  a  few  long 
established  in  continuous  form,  as  coltsfoot,  sheepshead. 

3.  Some  words  representing  phrases  in  literal  sense 
have  become  established  in  the  solid  form;  as,  sunbeam, 
daylight,  hillside,  loophole. 

4.  Some  generic  nouns  are  used,  in  certain  classes  of 
names,  almost  like  mere  suffixes;  as,  man,  craft,  master, 
weed. 

Words  like  footman,  coachman,  statecraft,  witchcraft, 
shipmaster,  milkweed,  and  seaweed  have  the  solid  form  in 
this  Dictionary. 

Every  specific  name  of  a  fish  that  has  a  monosyllabic, 
specifying  element,  with  fish  as  the  generic  element,  is 
given  in  continuous  form;  as,  goldfish,  bluefish,  dogfish. 
Longer  names  of  this  kind  have  the  hyphen. 

5.  Most  words  used  to  designate  something  named  from 
having  as  a  characteristic  or  adjunct  that  which  is  ex- 
pressed by  the  elements  of  the  name  arc  given  in  the  solid 
form. 

A  man  who  wears  a  red  coat  is  called  a  redcoat;  a  man 
who  watches  or  looks  out  is  called  a  lookout,  and  said  to  be 
on  the  "lookout";  a  plant  that  looks  like  a  golden  rod  is 
called  goldenrod;  another  having  a  black  berry  is  called  the 
blackberry;  and  many  other  things  are  named  in  this  way 
by  making  a  word  of  the  two  words  naming  a  prominent 
feature,  likeness,  characteristic,  or  the  like.  Predominance 
of  the  solid  form  in  literature  for  such  names  is  easily 
provable,  tho  they  are  printed  in  all  three  forms  t\\o 
words,  hyphened,  and  continuous.  Exceptional  use  of  the 
hyphen  in  this  work  occurs  in  words  that  are  made  clearer 
by  it,  as  mouse-ear. 

Tlic  forms  given  in  heavy  type  throughout  this  Dic- 
tionary are  very  carefully  selected  and  recommended 
for  use, 

(vii) 


K!  \  [SED  SCIEN  riFIC    \I.IMI  ^BET 


TV- 

i 


- 

1 

I    II 


II...I. 


<>ni>  nil.',  roc  mm  ii  sound, 

.!»>!  np|M'!trn, 

■    iiu    rowel  letters  hn.    their  Continental    or 

I  jiin    \  tin.  -  ■  1  here 

■bow*  '  i  nnoction  with 

ita  ele- 

DlplHlmiio    .,r,     r.  it.  -.  nl.  .1    h)     1  In-    n.miiIh.In 


ol  iii.  ir  reupe*  m»<-  dements.    Thus,  the  diphthong  in 
vii  simple  vowels,  those  ol  ■  '  in  aA,  sod 
■  diphthong  ii  a    •   I,  ail 
1    Diacritic  m;»rk-  are  almost  rrbollj  discarded; 

>m.i  l> .  1  be  macron,  snd  1  his  als 

.     1  he  to  •  ailed  "obscure"  roweli 
sctuol  1  Ii  menta    "t    standard    1 

speech      In  wholly   una!  1  owi  I  1 

:  in  quality  snd  reduced  in  sharpness  "t  ut( 
other  "i  two  neutnd  01 
The  more  frequent  ol  them  is  the  somewhat  muffled  sound 
liable  "i  about,  wfs;   the  othei 
•  I  111  habit,  rni'  « 

t;.  Familiar  digraph!    cb,  ah,  th    an-  retained  aa 

.  Li  in  spelling  hsbits;  bul  the  two  lettei  • 
sre  tied  in  order  to  indicate  thai  they  represent  1  single 
Bound      Thus  the  aound  of  ch  in  church  is  repreaented  by 

.11  du  bj  ah,  "i  th  in  (/,"  bj  Ui,  and  "i  th  in  (Arsa 
by  th. 


KEYS  TO   PRONUNC1  \TI<>\ 

ionabt,  two  pronunciation  keys  are  here  used.     The  Ural  (Key  1 )  is  tin-  Revised 
.  means  of  diaontio  murks,  is  such  11s  has  Ions  '"  '  text* 

values  "f  the  symbols  in  the  two  Keys,  exoepl  those  which,  because  they  have 
values,  an-  already  familiar. 


ki:t 

SET 

a 

a 

k 

s 

k 

a 

i.e 

0 

s 

a 

e 

1 

i.C 

i 

I 

6 

5 

6.S 

a 

u 

0 

ai 

0 

a 

at 

ILI.T-STHVTIVK    \v 

at  in  >n. 

■ 

b  Mile. 

there. 

■  . 
as  in  ; 

physio. 

at  i  n  ; 

as  in  g".  ii"t'-,  i:l"ry,  lilxir,  soul,  goat, 
..  all,  haul,  wilk. 

: 

I,  who,  lose. 
a«inbw  other, 

as  in  burn.  rut.  "irn.  whirl,  myrrh, 
■ 
height. 

-    • 

•1.  futility. 

I    lIV 

as  in  o.:  -   l"i/al. 


KKV 

1 
k 

KKV 

■> 

k,  C 

c 
0 

th 
th 

g 

D.  "« 

th 

th 

a 

8,  C 

z 
ch 

ch 

J 
ah 

J.  K 

ah,  '.-h 

3 

zh 

a,  •-,  i,  o,  11, 

1 

a,  e,  i,  u,  y 

ILLUSTRATIVE    WORDS 

SB  in  A"in.  cat,  bacA,  acAe,  ]>vim\  '/nil . 
:ls  in  go,  . I.17,  600,  oAoSt,  r/"ur.|. 
■■■1.  ringing,  link. 

\'h,  faiiA,  ether,  LutAer. 
a>  in  (Aia,  with,  breaiAe,  ratAer,  either 
as  in  -.  cent, 

psychology. 
.-is  in  real .  Lazy,  l>u  —  ,  waa,  hi 
:n  in  chin,  ricA,  cAurcA,  watch. 
as  in  jet,  vin.  gist,  judge,  pi 
aa  in  sAip,  •!  ii/ion,  ocean, 

function,  macAine 
aa  in  azure,  seizure,  leisure,  vision, 
aa  in  tI >>>ui ,  final,  sofa,  separate,  gv<  r. 
mystery,  affirmation,   arbor,  kui- 
t'/r.il,     mart]/rdom     (always     un- 

as    in    senate,     menace,     privilege, 
renew,  surfeit,  habit,  biscuit,  min'- 

i/t'-.  vail' .7.  Siiinl'/v.  Ol 

unatn 

aa  m  Iocs  (Scotch),  acA,  raieh  (Ger- 
man). 

aa    in    L/flbeck    (German),    Dumas 

as  in  boii  1  French). 


•'   reign  sound"  'n  Hings,  but  must  be  described  in  detail. 

H  tion  for  k  (aa  <K        I  he  difference  is  that  for  n  th< 

dr'-ath  rushes  out  with  great  friction,  making  a  aound  lik<-  a  very  rough 
...;■■  hi.  the  h  i-  also  forward,  and  is 

then  mr.  .  '  eld  firmly  in  th"  initial  position  for  English  y. 

,,-     -  iriejng  I  (the  vow.  e) ,  with  the  lipa  at  the  same  time  fully  pureed 

.  .     .       :.-•'-  ■■:■  ■■    ■  .■      '■   •    iv  i«    noted,  also,  that  the  foreign   sound  represented  in  this  dictionary  by  the 
ir  the  vowel  beard  in  the  Knglish  burn,  earn,  etc.,  but  is  approx- 

are  fully  pursed  or  rounded 
I    -  1  symbol  indicating  that  the  n  itself  is  silent,  but  has  imparted  a  nasal  quality  to  the  preceding  vow  ' 

(viii) 


The 

Desk  Standard 
Dictionary 


A 


abandon 


A  a 

Roman. 


A  a 

Italic. 


German. 


sd< 


CI     a     a 

Revised  Scientific. 


Script. 

A,  a,  1  e;  2  a,  n.  [aes,  A's,  or  As,  1  ez;  2  a§,  pi.]  The  first 
letter  in  the  English  alphabet. 

a,  1  e;  2  a  {unaccented,  1  a;  2  a),  indef.  art.  or  adj.  One; 
any;  some;  each:  before  a  vowel,  an.    See  an;  article. 

Special  uses:  (1)  before  plural  nouns  with/ew,  great  many, 
or  good  many;  (2)  with  on,  at,  or  of,  denoting  oneness,  same- 
ness; as,  birds  of  a  feather,     f  <  AS.  an,  one.] 

a-,  prefix,  with  values  as  follows:  a-1.  On;  as,  aboard.  [  < 
AS.  on,  an.]  a-2.  Away,  out  (intensive  or  without  spe- 
cial force) ;  as,  arise;  awake.  [  <  AS.  a-,  =  Goth,  us-,  = 
G.  er-.]  a-3.  Of,  from  (intensive);  as,  adown;  athirst. 
[  <  AS.  of,  af.]  a-4.  Against;  as,  along.  [  <  AS.  and-,  = 
Goth,  and-,  anda-,  =  G.  ant-,  ent-,  =  L.  ante-,  anti-.\ 
a-6.  Together;  as,  aware.  [<AS.  ge-.]  a-8.  To;  as,  ado. 

!MK  a-,  <  Ice.  at.]  a-7.  Hold  (opening);  as,  avast. 
<  D.  houd.]  a-8.  From;  as,  avert.  [<L.  ab.]  a-9.  Out; 
as,  amend.  [  <  OF.  a-,  e-,  <  L.  ex.]  a-10.  To;  as,  ascend. 
[<  L.  ad]  a-».  To;  as,  avalanche.  [<  OF.  a-,  <  L.  ad] 
a-'».  From;  as,  abate.  [<  OF.  a-,  <  L.  ab.]  a-13.  Ah 
(interjectional) ;  as,  alas.  [  <  OF.  a-,  <  L.  ah.]  a-14.  Not; 
as,  achromatic.   [  <  Gr.  a-,  an-,  privative.] 

A.,  abbr.  Academy,  America,  Argon,  Augustus. — a.,  abbr.  Ac- 
cepted, acre,  active,  adjective,  afternoon,  aged,  alto,  anony- 
mous, answer,  ante  (L.,  before),  are,  at. — 'A.,  aa.,  aft.,  abbr. 
fL.)  Med.  Ana  (of  each).  —  A.  A.,  abbr.  Associate  of  Arts. — 
A.  A.  A.  A.,  abbr.  Amateur  Athletic  Association  of  America. 
—  A.  A.  A.  S.,  abbr.  American  Association  for  the  Advance- 
ment of  Science.  —  AA.  C,  abbr.  Antarctic  circle. — A.  A.  G., 
abbr.  Assistant  Adjutant-General. — A.  A.  of  A.,  abbr.  Auto- 
mobile Association  of  America.— A.  A.  P.  9.,  abbr.  Ameri- 
can Association  for  the  Promotion  of  Science. 

Aa'chen,  1  5'Hen:  2  a'Hen,  n.     Same  as  Aix-la«Chapelle. 

Aar,  1  fir;  2  ar,  n.   River  in  Switzerland. 

aard'vark",  1  ard'yark";  2  ard'vark",  n.  A  burrowing  and 
ant»eatlng  African  mammal,  about  the  size  of  the  pig,  with 
long  protrusile  tongue  and  strong,  digging  fore  feet;  ground* 
hog;  ant-bear.     [  <  I),  aarde,  earth,  +  Darken,  pig.] 

aard'wolf",  1  Qrd'wulf";  2  ard'wolf' 
rous  mammal  of  East 
and  South  Africa,  re- 
sembling a  small  hyena 
but  with  very  weak 
teeth.  [  <  D.  aarde, 
earth,  +  wolf,  wolf.] 

Aar'on,  1  ar'an;  2ar'on, 
n.     The    first   Jewish 
high  priest;  brother  of 
Moses.     Ex.  iv,  14. — 
Aaron's    rod    (Bib.), 
the  rod  cast  by  Aaron 
before  Pharaoh,  which 
became  a  serpent  (Ex. 
vll,   9-15)   and  which 
later    blossomed    (Num.    xvll,  8) 
rod",  n.     1.   A  rod  with  leaves  sprouting  from 
It:  used  as  an  ornament.     2.  A  plant  that  flowers  on  long 
stems,  as  the  goldcnrod  anr~  million. 

A.  A.  S.,  abbr.  Fellow  of  the  American  Academy;  American 
Academy  of  Sciences  and  Arts.  A.  A.  S.  &.,  abbr.  Fellow 
of  the  American  Antiquarian  Society. 


A  nocturnal  carnivo- 
Aardwolf. 


aas'vo"gel,  1  as'fa'gl;  2  as'fS'gl,  n.    [S.-Afr.  D.]    A  vulture. 

A.  A.  U.,  abbr.  Amateur  Athletic  Union. 

ab-,  prefix.  Off;  from;  away;  as,  absolve;  abdicate;  ab- 
rogate. [<  L.  ab-  (ab),  =  Gr.  apo,  =  AS.  of.]  In  abbre- 
viate, ab-  represents  ad-. 

A.  B.,  abbr.  1.  Able-bodied;  able  seaman.  2.  Artium  Bacca- 
laureus  (L.,  Bachelor  of  Arts).  See  B.A. — Ab.,  abbr.  Abys- 
sinia, Abyssinian. 

ab'a,  1  ab'a;  2  ab'a,  n.  [Ar.]  A  sleeveless  garment  of  haircloth 
worn  in  Arabia,  Syria,  etc.;  also  the  cloth,  ab'bal. 

a-back',  1  a-bak';  2  a-bak',  adv.  So  as  to  be  pressed  back- 
ward, as  sails;  backward;  aloof. 

ab'a-cus,  1  ab'a-kus;  2  ab'a-cus,  n.  [-cus-es  or  -ci,  1  -sai; 
2  -el,  pi]   1.  A  reckoning-table  with 
sliding  balls.    2.  A  slab  forming  the 
top  of  a  capital.    [Gr.L  abax,  count- 
ing-table.] 

A-bad  'don,  1  a-bad'n;  2  a-bad'n,  n.  The 
angel  of  the  bottomless  pit.  Rev.  ix.  1 1. 

a-baft',  1  a-baft';  2  a-baft',  Naut.    I. 
adv.    Toward  the  stern;  back;  be-  i 
hind.    II.  prep.    Further  aft  than.  Ah 

[<  A-',  prefix,  +  be-,  prefix,  +  aft]  Auacus. 

ab"a-Io'ne,  1  ab''a-lo'ni;  2  ab"a-lo'ne,  n.  A  shell-fish 
(gastropod)  having  an  ear-shaped  shell;  an  ear-shell;  a 
sea-ear.   [Cor.  of  Sp.  aulone*,  <  L.  ala,  wing.] 

Ab'a-na,  1  ab'a-na;  2  ab'a-na,  n.  A  river  of  Damascus. 
t  Kings  v,  12. 

a-ban'don,  1  a-ban'dan;  2  a-ban'don,  vt.  1.  To  forsake 
or  renounce  utterly;  give  up  wholly;  quit;  leave;  resign. 
2.  To  yield  (oneself)  without  restraint.  [  <  F.  abandon- 
ner,  <  a  bandon,  in  the  power.] 

Syn.:  abdicate,  abjure,  cast  off,  cease,  cede,  depart  from, 
desert,  discontinue,  forego,  forsake,  forswear,  give  up,  leave, 
quit,  recant,  relinquish,  renounce,  repudiate,  resign,  retire 
from,  retract,  surrender,  vacate,  withdraw  from.  Abandon 
is  a  word  of  wide  signification,  denoting  the  complete  and 
final  giving  up,  letting  go,  or  withdrawal  from  persons  or 
things  of  any  kind;  abdicate  and  resign  apply  to  office,  author- 
ity, or  power;  cede  to  territorial  possessions;  surrender  espe- 
cially to  military  force,  and  more  generally  to  any  demand, 
claim,  passion,  etc.  Quit  carries  an  idea  of  suddenness  or 
abruptness  not  necessarily  implied  in  abandon,  and  may  not 
have  the  same  suggestion  of  finality.  Relinquish  commonly 
Implies  reluctance;  the  fainting  hand  relinquishes  its  grasp; 
the  creditor  relinquishes  his  claim.  Abandon  implies  previous 
association  with  responsibility  for  or  control  of;  forsake  im- 
plies previous  association  with  inclination  or  attachment, 
real  or  supposed;  a  man  may  abandon  or  forsake  home  or 
friends;  he  abandons  an  enterprise ;  forsakes  his  duty,  bis  sins, 
or  his  God.  Forsake,  like  abandon,  may  be  used  either  In  the 
favorable  or  unfavorable  sense;  desert  Is  commonly  unfa- 
vorable, except  when  used  of  mere  localities;  OS,  "the  Deserted 
Village";  as.  a  soldier  deserts  his  post,  or  (test  rtsto  I  he  enemy. 
While  a  monarch  abdicates,  a  president  or  other  elected  or 
appointed  officer  resigns.  See  also  RENOUNCE.-  Ant.:  adopt, 
advocate,  assert,  cherish,  claim,  court,  defend,  favor,  haunt, 
hold,  keep,  maintain,  occupy,  prosecute,  protect,  pursue,  re- 
tain, seek,  support,  undertake,  uphold,  vlndioate. 

— a-ban'don(c>d\  pa.  ( liven  over  (generally  in  a  bad 
sense);  shameless;  profligate.  Syn.:  sec  ADDICTED;  bad. 
— a-ban'don-iiient,  n.  The  act  of  abandoning,  or  the 
state  of  being  abandoned;  relinquishment;  desertion 

a"ban"don',  1  a"ban"df)h';  2  a"biih"doh',  n.  Full  surrender  to 
natural  Impulse;  freedom;  dash.  [F.] 


Key  l:ortistic,  Art;  fat,  fare;  fast;  get,  prey;  hit,  police;  obey,  gfl;  not,  Sr;  full,  rule;  but,  burn; 
Key  2: art,  ape,  fat,  fare,  fast,  what,  nil;  me,  get,  prey,  fern;  hit,  ice;  i  -  e;  I  =  C;  go,  n6t,  Or,  w«4n, 
Key  1 : a  =  final ;  1  =  habit;  aisle;  ail  =  out;  oil;  IO  =  fcMd;  Cliin;  go;  rj  =  sing;  fliin  this. 
Key.  2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cOre,   but,   burn;  611,  b6y:  go,  f£em;  ink;   thin,   this. 


See  Keys 

in  Full  on 

Opposite 

Page 


tbari* 
B board 


»b  »-rl 


u  I  i        ,  I  i         0  "     Ar;   full,  rflle;   lull.  LOrn; 

ii       i         i     .     .1  i,oi.  01,  wta, 


I  t,, 


1 
hum- 


.•  'ii  others,  hill 
I  inorul 

i 
■ 

\  • 

,    A       ■  ..:'..   ..;:.'    imprisonment  fur  crime  i/Mi/rud 

■  ■    .:<   ::.\\    r>'rr    :■•   «:.«!:. <:i     as     all   urnVer   is   if,   ■■:<.,. I   t>\ 

cowardice:  l>m 
it;  vllr  prncl 
\'..      •-  .  .--.    ...   .....:'..'■■      Mlafortuni   or  in- 

itio hul  their    iwn  HWdoIng 
■;',..-::  .■-:,-,   I-..-U       Ant.:   ailvmioe    a«- 
pronioli  .  raise,  uplift. 
•     in. n(.    . 

[a-BAAH1  I''',   i-hi-iit'"; 

make 

I  I 

mfnund.  confuse,  daunt,  dls- 

,    :•.;--      :i!«c.i:.r« ■'•    .'. sh.-art.-n.  embarrass,  humble,  humll- 

of  Inferiority 

i  poor  are 
.  the  Ignorant  at  the  learn- 
ing ,.f  ■  confuse  Is  to  bring  i  '  mental 
bewilderment .  lo  con/ound  is  to  overwhelm  the  mental  facul- 
.  .  ■  certain  degree  <>f  ft- :ir.  A 
•outary  thinker  may  be  confused  by  some  difficulty  In  a 
subject ;  one  to  embarrass  t  othere.  Con- 
fute ibarraasmeni  (as  here  cow 
Is  of  the  feelings.  A  witness  may  be  em  '•  I  innoylng 
personalities,  so  as  to  become  confused  In  Btatemei 
mo'ttft  a  person  k                     ipon  him  a  painful  sense  of 

n  or  another's  fault 

or  failure.    The  parent  Is  mortified  by  the  child's  rudeness, 

a  reproof.     The  embarrassed 

speaker  finds  It  difficult  to  proceed.  The  mob  Is  overawed  by 

hypocrite  (Ma 
BtHKi>-     «'omparecnAfiKis      Ant.:  animate,  buoj 
embolden. encourage.  Inspirit,  rally,  uphold.  — Prep.:  abashed 
at  d:-  ting;  bv  authority;  by  conscious  ln- 

j-lu-h  'ed-l>  .  adr.   In  an  abashed  manner;  confusedly. 

»-bi-liiiM  nl.  •.    Confusion,  as  from  sharne. 

B  fcn'll  I  .  b.Vzhl-a  or  -sl-a.  n.    Pathol, 

in  of  the  muscles  In  walking. 

lift,  rhythmical  movement.)—  a-ba  'sle, 

vrta.  Ibasklng. 

2  a-bask',  adt.  &  a.    In  a  baskim;  state; 

3-tni.  :  i-l, at',  r.   (a-iiat'ed11;  a-b.u'im; .]   I.  ( 

1  iiiuiiihh;  moderati  '■•  To  do 

twii.  II.  ■     T<i  grow  less;  decrease; 

bafuo,  beat.] 

ggn:  diminish,  ebb,  lessen,  lower,  mit- 

Mlsfortunes  may 
■    ••  /.      We 
a  rebel- 
lion iixat;    u.i.KviuK.-Ant.:   aggravate, 
'.  .  —  Prep.:    abate  in 

a.      That    may   be   abated.— a-bate'- 
mrii'  '  I,  or  the  state  of  being 

a-bat  'er,  n. 
a-kstc'  •   set  on  (as  a  <:■ 

a  hair.  \»  abbot.    See 

,  .-  ii  i 
ab'a-li-.  .';.'a-tls. 

ab'at-tl»,  '•! 

• 
branches   s  h  a  r  j.  ••  i.  •  'i   and 
of  ex- 

a"bat"tolr',     1    o1«'t»or';     2 

a'bA'twar',    n.      A     slauKhter* 

house.  f«p«-cially  one  on  a  large 

seal- 
ab-ax'l-al.    1    ab-ak.Vi-al;    2    ab- 

aks'l-a].  a.    HUA     Situated  off  the  axis  or  central  line.    [  < 
AXIAL     ab-ai'lh:. 
Abb.,  abbr.   Abbess,  abbey,  abbot. 


vi,  i...  .     i    .    i  iiher   ( I)  an  Invocation  of  Clod;  (9) 

bishops,  patriarchs,  etc    |8yr  I 
.%ii  ban  1 1 1  i  I 

offtoc,  dignity,  nr  jurisdiction  ol  an  abbot;  abbot' 
ship 
\i,  baa   .   ;  -.  '  I     The  uncle  .if  Mo- 

hamnu  i        Ib-bas'aldea,  -i     I.  t'al 

pi  to  i.i.      •-•.  a  Peril  in  dyna  ity,  i 1736 

ib-baa'ald*  . 
.ii>-ii.rii.ii.  i  i  'i  ..i  |..  i 

.      all-hat    l-r:»l;. 

ii,  M  .  i  ■  .'i-.     n     \ n  .: 

Ii  ooi  holding  s  beneOoe,  [nunnery. 

.id loss,  i    ,i .  ,  ,,.    The  in, .i hi  i    hi.,  i 

ah  'iic> ,  1  ab'i;  2  ab'y,  i  tery  or 

nunnery;  a  place  ol  worship  oi  othei  building:  c > - 1 .  -.  1 

with  a  monastic  establishment       '!■    vn  abbacy      il. 
Refuge  ..r  sanctuary.    I  <  OF.  abait,  <  1,1,.  oooofia,  < 
1 1  ii 
Ab'bey,  Bdwln  lustui  (1863    1911).   \»  American  artist  and 

portralUpalnter. 
ai>  bott  1  ab'et;  2  ab'ot,  n.   Bed  The  superior  of  a  mon- 
rj     [<  Syr. L  06M,  father.]— ab 'bo t-alilp,  ri    ab'- 
b<it-«> :. 
abbr.,  abhrev.,  abbr.  Abbreviated,  ;i t .1  ,r.  i 
ab-bre'vt-ate,  l  a-brl'vi-et;  L'  a-brfi'vi-at,  of     1  \i"in'; 
1...]   To  shorten;  reduce;  condense.    [<  I.  ad(  to, 
m       ab-iiri'ii-a("ed.  fMi,   Bhortened. 
Syn.:    abridge,  compress,  condense,  contract,  curtail,  mi 
down,  epitomise,  prune,  reduce,  shorten.    Compare  abbre- 
viation,    Ant.:  amplify,  enlarge,  expand,  extend,  Ii 
ab-l>re"vl-a'ti<>n,  1  a-brl"vi-e7snen;  LI  a-brfi*vi-&'shon,  r». 


Written 


Played 


One  Form  of 


1.  A  shortened  form;  abridgment.  1.  Mil*.  A  method 
of  indicating  the  repetition  of  a  note,  chord,  or  tin-  like. 
Bynj  abridgment,  abstract,  compendium,  condensation, 
contraction,  curtailment,  epitome,  reduction,  shortening, 
summary.  An  ooori  i  lotion  Is  s  shortening  by  any  method;  a 
contraction  la  a  reduction  ol  size  by  (he  drawing  to  ether  ol 
the  parts.  A  contraction  of  a  word  Is  made  by  omitting  cer- 
tain letters  or  syllables  and  bringing  together  the  Oral  and 

lasl  letters  Or  cli'inrnts;  an  may  be  made  either 

by  omitting  certain  portions  from  the  interior  or  by  cutting 
off  a  part ;  a  contraction  i.s  an  abbreviation,  but  an  ai>i>n  i  union 

is  not  necessarily  a  contraction;  nc't  for  receipt,  wrfse.  for 

merchandise,  and  Dr.  for  debtor  are  contractions;  they  are 

Lm.  fur  American  Is  an  abbreviation,  but 

not  a  contraction.     Abbreviation  and  f<mlroiHon  are  used  of 

words  and  phrases,  abridgment  of  books,  paragraphs,  sen- 
tences, etc.  See  uiiiiniiMENT.— Ant.:  amplification,  dilation, 
dilution,  elongal  ton,  enlargement,  expansion,  expatlation,  ex- 
pllcation,  extension,  prolongation 

ab-brc'\l-a"tor,  1  a -iin'vi-e'tnr;  2  a-brCvl-a'tOr,  n.  1.  One 
who  shortens  or  abbreviates.  '£.  An  officer  at  the  Vatican 
who  prepares  the  papal  letters. 

a>b«e',  l  '"'•iii-.si';  2  a-be-cC,  n.  1.  The  alphabet.  Z.  a  primer. 
:i.  The  simplest  rudiments  of  anything,  a  b  cj.  a»b=c 
book,  a  Chun's  elementary  reader. 

A.  B.  C.  V.  M.,  A.  U.  F.  M.,  abbr.    American  Hoard  Of  I  'oin- 

niisslom  rs,  for  Foreign  Missions.—  abd.,  abbr.   Abdicated. 
Ahir':er:Kali'inaii,  1  ribd".er-r<j'ni;m; 2  iibd'-er-rii'inan,  n.  i 
Bm   (     -788),  who  founded  the  Moslem  dynasty  li 

Spain  I 

ab'di-cat«',  1  ab'di-kSt;  2  ab'di-eftt,  t.   [-cat'ed'1;  -<at" 

[HO  1     I.  t.    To  give  up  voluntarily,  as  royal  power;  re 

ll.       Po  renounce  power,  office,  etc.  [<L.  ab 
from.   |-  (tiro,  proclaim.]    Syn.:  see  abandon. 
ah"dl-<  a'tlon,  n.     ab'dl-ca"tor,  n. 
\b'dl-el,  1  ab'dl-el;  2  ab'dl-el.  n.     A  seraph  who  0] 
Mn/TONP.  I.,  v.  896. 

ab-il.i'men,  1  ab-dd'men:  2  ab-do'm5n,  n.    The  visceral 

ty;belly.   M-]     ab-dom'l-nal,  a.  -\y,adv. 
ab-duce'   .  1  ab-dhls';  2  St)-<lQc'.  rl.    To  draw  away.    [<   L, 

i      i        ab-du'eent,  a.  St.  n. 
al>-<ltict':,  1  ab-dukt';  2  ab-duet',  vt.    1.  To  carry  away 

wror.Kfullv;  kidnap.    2.  Physiol    To  .If  aw  aside.    [  <  I.. 

ab,  from,       duco,  leadl—  ab-duc'tlon,  n.— ab-duc'tor,  n. 
a-hi-am',  ]   B-bIm';  2  a-beni',  o.  &  adv.    Naut.    At  ritihn 

angles  to  the  line  of  a  vessel's  keel. 
a-bear  .  ■bar'.  <t    \.  JProv.)  To  bear:  endure.  3t. 

roeam  onsself;  oenave.— a-bear'ance,  n.  Behavior. 


1:  a  =  final;    I  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  fe«d;    tfhin;    go;    n  =  sinff;    thin,   this.  Abarts 

2:wQlf,  dft;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,  cure,   but.   burn;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin.   this.         aboard 


a-bed',  1  a-bed';  2  a-b6d',  adv.   In  bed;  on  a  bed;  to  bed. 

A-bed'ne-go,  1  a-bed'ni-go ;  2  a-bed'ne-gcS,  n.  A  Hebrew 
captive  in  Babylon,  607  B.  C.  Dan.  iii. 

A'bel,  1  e'bel;  2  a'bel,  n.  Second  son  of  Adam.  Gen.  iv,  2. 

Ab'e-lard,  1  ab'i-ldrd;  2  ab'e-lard,  Pierre  (1079-1142).  A 
French  scholastic;  lover  of  Heloi'se. 

Ah"er-deen',  1  ab"ar-dm';  2  ab"er-den',  n.  A  city  (pop.  163,- 
OOOland countyd. 972  sq.m.;  pop.312, 000)  inN. E.Scotland. 
—  Ab'er-deeii  =  An"KUS,n.  A  breed  of  Scottish  polled  cattle. 

ab-er'rance,  1  ab-er'ans;  2  ab-er'ang,  n.  A  wandering 
from  the  right  way.  ab-er'ran-cyf. 

ab-er 'ran t,  1  ab-er'ant ;  2  ab-er'ant,  a.  Wandering ;  abnor- 
mal.    [  <  L.  aberran(l-)s,  ppr.,  <  ab,  from,  +  erro,  wander.] 

ab"er-ra'tion,  1  ab"a-re'slian;  2  ab"e-ra'shon,  n.  1.  Devi- 
ation from  a  right,  customary,  prescribed,  or  natural 
course  or  condition;  wandering;  error.  2.  Med.  Partial 
insanity.  3.  Optics.  Unequal  refraction  or  reflection.  4. 
Aslron.  An  apparent  displacement  of  a  heavenly  body. 
[  <  L.  ab,  from,  +  erro,  wander.]  Syn.:  see  insanity. 

a-bet',  1  a-bet';  2  a-bet',  vt.  [a-bet'ted1*;  a-bet'ttng.] 
To  encourage  and  support  (wrong*doing  or  a  wrong* 
doer);  incite;  instigate;  countenance.  [<  OF.  abeter,  < 
a,  to,  +  beler,  =  bait,  v.] — a-bet 'ment,  n. 

Syn.:  aid,  assist,  countenance,  embolden,  encourage,  help, 
incite,  instigate,  promote,  sanction,  support,  uphold.  Abet 
and  instigate  are  now  used  almost  without  exception  in  a  bad 
sense;  one  may  incite  either  to  good  oi  evil.  One  incites  or 
instigates  to  the  doing  of  something  not  yet  done,  or  to  in- 
creased activity  or  further  advance  in  the  doing  of  it;  one 
abets  by  giving  sympathy,  countenance,  or  substantial  aid 
to  the  doing  of  that  which  is  already  projected  or  in  process 
of  commission.  Abel  and  instigate  apply  either  to  persons  or 
actions,  incite  to  persons  only;  one  incites  a  person  to  an 
action.  The  originator  of  a  crime  often  instigates  or  incites 
others  to  abet  him  in  it,  or  one  may  instigate  or  incite  others  to 
a  crime  in  the  commission  of  which  he  himself  takes  no 
active  part.  See  aid.  —  Ant.:  baffle,  confound,  counter- 
act, denounce,  deter,  disapprove,  disconcert,  discourage,  dis- 
suade, expose,  frustrate,  hinder,  impede,  obstruct. 

a-bet'ter,  1  a-bet'ar;  2  a-bet'er,  n.  One  who  abets. 
a-bet 'tor  {.  Syn.:  see  accessory. 

a-bey'ance,  1  a-be'ans;  2  a-be'anc,  n.  Suspension  or  in- 
action.   [  <  OF.  abeance.]    a-bey'an-cyj. 

ab-hom'l-na-blet»  a.  Abominable:  a  spelling  commonly 
used  in  the  first  folio  edition  of  Shakespeare. 

ab-hor',  1  ab-her';  2  ab-hor',  vt.  [ab-horred',  ab-hord'8; 
ab-hor'ring.]  1.  To  view  with  repugnance;  detest; 
loathe.  2 .'.  To  horrify.  3 1|.  To  repudiate.  [<  L.  ab,  from, 
+  horreo,  shrink.] 

Syn.:  abominate,  despise,  detest,  dislike,  hate,  loathe, 
nauseate,  scorn,  shun.  Abhor  is  stronger  than  despise,  im- 
plying a  shuddering  recoil,  especially  a  moral  recoil.  Detest 
expresses  indignation,  with  something  of  contempt.  Loathe 
implies  disgust,  physical  or  moral.  We  abhor  a  traitor,  de- 
spise a  coward,  detest  a  liar.  We  dislike  an  uncivil  person. 
We  abhor  cruelty,  hate  tyranny.  We  loathe  a  reptile  or  a 
flatterer.  We  abhor  Milton's  heroic  Satan,  but  we  can  not 
despise  him.  Compare  abomination. — Ant.:  admire,  ap- 
prove, covet,  crave,  desire,  enjoy,  esteem,  like,  love,  relish. 

ab-hor 'rence,  1  ab-her'ens;  2  ab-hor'enc,  n.  The  act  of 
abhorring,  or  that  which  is  abhorred.  Syn.:  see  abomi- 
nation; antipathy;  hatred. — ab-hor'rent,  a. 

A-bl'a-thar,  1  a-bai'a-fhar;  2  a-bl'a-thar,  n.  A  Jewish  high 
priest.   /  Sam.  xxiii,  9. 

a-bide',  1  a-baid';  2  a-bld',  v.  [a-bode';  a-bid'ing.]  I.  t. 
1.  To  await  expectantly  or  defiantly.  2.  To  endure.  II. 
»'.  To  continue  in  a  place  or  state;  remain;  dwell.  [< 
AS.  dbidan.] 

Syn.:  anticipate,  await,  bear,  bide,  confront,  continue, 
dwell,  endure,  expect,  inhabit,  live,  lodge,  remain,  reside,  rest, 
sojourn,  stand,  stay,  stop,  tarry,  tolerate,  wait,  watch.  To 
abide  is  to  remain  continuously  without  limit  of  time  unless 
expressed  by  the  context:  "to-day  I  must  abide  at  thy 
house,"  Luke  xix,  5;  "a  settled  place  for  thee  to  abide  in  for- 
ever," 1  Kings  viil,  13;  "Abide  with  me:  fast  falls  the  even- 
tide," Lyte  Hymn.  Lodge,  sojourn,  slay,  tarry,  and  wail 
always  imply  a  limited  time;  lodge,  to  pass  the  night;  sojourn, 
toremain  temporarily;  live,  dwell,  reside,  to  have  a  permanent 
home;  reside  Is  a  word  of  more  dignity  than  live  or  dwell 
Stop,  In  the  sense  of  stay  or  sojourn,  is  colloquial,  and  not  in 
approved  use.  Compare  enduke;  rest.- -Ant.:  abandon, 
avoid,  depart,  forfeit,  forfend,  Journey,  migrate,  move,  pro 
ceed,  reject,  resist,  shun.  — Prep.:  Abide  in  a  place,  for  a 
time,  with  a  person,  by  a  statement. 

— a- bid 'lug.  I. pa. Enduring; permanent.  II. n. Abode; 
sojourn,  -ly,  adv. 

Ab'1-gall,  1  ab'l-gei;  2  ab'l-gal,  n.  1.  Wife  of  Nabal  and  after- 
ward of  David.  /  Sam.  xxv,  14.  2.  [a-]  A  lady's-maid:  from 
a  "waiting  gentlewoman"  of  that  name  In  Beaumont  ami 
Fletcher's  The.  Scornful  Lady. 

A-hl'liu,  1  a-bol'hlQ;  2  a-bl'hu,  n.  Bib.  Second  sou  of  Aaron. 
Lev.  x,  1.   A-lil  'u  !. 


a-bil'l-ty,  1  a-bil'i-ti;  2  a-bil'i-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi.]  The 
state  of  being  able;  power;  talent;  faculty.  [<  L. 
habilitas,  <  habilis;  see  able.] 

Syn.:  aptitude,  capability,  capacity,  cleverness,  compe- 
tence, competency,  dexterity,  efficiency,  expertness,  faculty, 
power,  qualification,  readiness,  skill,  talent.  Ability  includes 
every  form  of  power.  Capacity  is  power  to  receive.  Dexterity 
and  skill  are  readiness  and  facility  in  action,  having  a  spe- 
cial end,  and  are  largely  acquired.  Efficiency  brings  all  one's 
ability  to  bear  promptly  on  the  thing  to  be  done.  Compare 
power. — Ant.:  awkwardness,  imbecility,  inability,  incapac- 
ity, incompetency,  inefficiency,  stupidity. 

A-bim'e-lech,  1  a-bim'i-Iek;  2  a-bim'e-lek,  n.  Bib.  Son  of 
Gideon;  king  of  Shechem.  Judges  viil,  31. 

ab"I-o-chem'ls-try,  1  ab"i-o-kem'is-tn;  2  ab"i-o-cem'is-try, 
n.  Chem.  Inorganic  chemistry,  as  distinguished  from  bio- 
chemistry. [<  Gr.  abios,  lifeless,  +  chemistry.] 

ab"i-o-gen'e-sis,  1  ab"i-o-jen'i-sis;  2  ab"i-o-g8n'e-sis,  n. 
The  production  of  living  from  nonliving  matter;  spon- 
taneous generation.     [  <  Gr.  abios,  lifeless,  +  genesis.] 

ab"i-o-log'i-caI,  1  ab"i-o-lej'i-kal;  2  ab"i-o-16g'i-cal,  a. 
Of  or  pertaining  to  nonliving  matter.  [  <  a-14  +  bio- 
logical.] 

ab"l-ol'o-gy,  1  ab"i-el'o-ji;  2  ab"i-61'o-gy,  n.  Scientific  knowl- 
edge and  research  concerning  non-animate  things.  [  <  Gr. 
abios,  lifeiess,  -f  -logy.] 

ab"i-o'sis,  1  ab"i-6'sis;  2  ab'i-o'sis,  n.  Absence  of  life:  a  life- 
less state.  [<  Gr.  abios;  see  abiogenesis.] — ab-l-ot'ic,  a. 
Relating  to  or  designating  the  sciences  treating  of  inorganic 
things. 

A-blsh'a-i,  1  a-bish'i-ni  or  ab'i-shai;  2  a-bish'a-I  or  ab'i-shi,  n. 
Bib.  A  Jewish  general.  2  Sam.  xxiii,  18. 

ab'ject,  1  ab'jekt;  2  ab'jgct,  a.  Sunk  to  a  low  condition: 
mean;  despicable;  servile.  [<  L.  ab,  from,  +  jacio, 
throw.)  Syn.:  see  pitiful.  —  ab'ject-ly,  adv. — ab'ject- 
ness,  n.  The  state  of  being  abject,  ab-jec'tlonj. 

ab-jure',  1  ab-jur';  2  ab-jur',  vt.    [ab-jured';  ab-jcr'ing.] 
To  renounce  under  oath;  recant;  repudiate.    [<  L.p  ab, 
from,  +  juro,  swear.]  Syn.:  see  abandon;  renounce. 
— ab"ju-ra'tlon,  n. — ab-ju'ra-to-ry,  a. 

abl.,  ablat.,  abbr.  Ablative. 

ab-Ia'tion,  1  ab-le'srian;  2  ab-la'shon,  n.  Removal;  am- 
putation; wasting  as  of  rocks  or  glaciers.  [  <  L.  abla- 
tio(n-),  <  ablatus,  <  ab,  from,  +  latus,  carried.] 

ab"la-ti'tious,  1  ab"la-tisVus;  2  ab"la-tish'us,  a.  Sub- 
tractive. 

ab'la-tiv(e8,  1  ab'la-tiv;  2  ab'la-tiv.  I.  a.  1.  Gram.  Ex- 
pressing separation  or  instrumentality.  2.  Subtractive. 
II.  n.  A  case  of  Latin  and  Sanskrit  nouns,  denoting 
from,  with,  in,  by,  etc.  [<  L.  ablativus,  <  ablatus,  taken 
away;  see  ablation.] 

ab'laut,  1  Sp'laut;  2  iip'lout,  n.  The  change  of  one  root* 
vowel  into  another  to  show  a  variation  of  tense,  part  of 
speech,  or  meaning,  as  in  swim,  swam,  swum.  [G.,  <  ab, 
off,  +  laid,  sound.]     Compare  umlaut. 

a-blaze',  1  e-blez';  2  a-blaz',  a.  &  adv.  On  fire;  in  a  blaze. 

a'ble||,  1  e'bl;  2  a'bl,  vt.  To  enable;  vouch  for. 

a'ble,  a.  [a'bler;  a'blest.]  1.  Having  adequate  power; 
competent;  qualified.  2.  Having  superior  abilities; 
capable.  [  <  L.OF  habilis,  expert,  skilful.]  Syn.:  see  ade- 
quate; clever;  competent;  good;  sagacious. 

— a'ble=bod"lcd,  a.  Having  a  sound  strong  body;  com- 
petent for  physical  service;  robust. — a.  minded ,  a.  Having 
unusual  intellectual  power. — a.  seaman,  a  first-class,  skilled 
seaman. — a'bly,  adv. 

-abl(ep,  suffix.  Given  to;  tending  to;  like  to;  fit  to;  able  to; 
capable  of;  worthy  of;  as,  changea&te,  honorable,  thinkaA/e. 
[<  F.  -able,  <  L.  -abills.  Compare  -ible  after  verb-stems 
ending  in  a-.] 

ab'le-gate,  1  ab'h-get;  2  ab'le-gat,  n.  A  special  papal 
envoy.  [<  L.  ablegatus,  pp.,  <  ab,  from;  and  see 
legate.]  [blossom,   [a-1.] 

a-bloom',  1  a-blQm';  2  a-bloom',  a.  &  adv.     Blooming;  In 

ab'lu-ent,  1  ab'lu-ent;  2  ab'lu-imt.  I.  a.  Cleansing.  II.  n. 
A  detergent.  [  <  L.  abluen(t-)s,  ppr.,  <  ab,  from,  +  luo, 
wash]  [blush,     [a-1.] 

a-hlush',  1  a-blusTi';  2  a-bltish',  a.  &  adv.    Blushing;  in  a 

ab-lu'tion,  1  ab-lu'slian;  2  ab-lu'shon,  n.  A  washing; 
bath.   [  <  L.  ab,  from,  +  luo,  wash.] 

ab'ne-gate,  1  ab'ni-get;  2  ab'ne-gat,  vt.  [-GAT"EDd;  -gat"- 
ini;  ]  To  renounce;  abjure.  [<  L.  abneaatus,  pp.,  < 
ab,  off,  +  nego,  deny.] — ab"ne-ga'tlon,  n.  The  act  of  re- 
nouncing; renunciation,  11  Sam.  xiv.  r>0. 

Ab'ncr,  1  ab'ner;  2  ab'ner,  n.  A  Jewish  general;  slain  by  Joab. 

ab-nor'mal,  1  ab-ner'mal;  2  ab-ndr'mal,  a.    Not  a< 'd- 

ing  to  rule;  unnatural;  irregular.     [<  L.  ab,  from,   + 
norma,  rule.]  Syn.:  see  irregular. 

— ab"nor-mal'l-ty,  n.  [-tiesz,  ;>/.l  Irregularity,  ab- 
nor'inl-tyt. — ab-nor'mal-ly, '/(/''. 

a-hoard',  1  a-bord';  2  a-bord'.  I.  adv.  On  board;  along- 
side. II.  prep.  On  board  or  alongside  of. 


»l.s(|ll,     II.    . 


»-lv..|    |>tl    .     I 


Ut,  (i  i  i  ■    Ir;  full.  rOl.-.  bat,  bfrrni 

,         l  11  .    gcH,  pngy,  fwn;  hit, loo;  1*1;  I      ■    ,••   ncH,  Or,  won. 


II 


u-lxir' 


-^S*^ 


Aboma.     >/•■ 
Very  hateful;  loathe- 


MM   il    '•      ■■   Hi*'.    •  *'     a-'    '■'    ■     ■  •■•  slavery,   uuoranre. 

Illirncd    lo   tlir 
.  .  a  phllo- 

1  li.-r.- 

.    the  enacting 

i  later  statute 

:"'l1iT    law    Willi 

i  iv  be  used  In 

etlbrr  "1  wiw:  su; 

t  t>ad  sense:  m  it  liberties;  to 

n<»;  v  !iat  may  never  have 

.  vrfu&ei  in  i  " 

I  Mill  l-ll,     1  \- 

r*nv  i,  confirm,  continue, 

rr_». -  1<  zallie,  promote,  reln- 

Mi-.i-hl  .    .  a-lml  1-li-rr,     •.       a-hoI'Mi- 

ment. 
ah   i. -II   linn.'.  i   ib'o-llsh'on,  n.   The  act  of 

fact  of  being  abol- 

.-:••:      ab"<>-ll  tbin-al.  0.     ah"i>-irtlo-i-a-ry,  a.     De- 

»trui"  ab**o-H'tlon-lsm,  n    The  principles 

ol  abolitionists:  opposltl"-  air'o-ll'tlnn-Kt,  r». 

One  who  favors  abolition,  as  of  slavery. 
*,-(>.■  in  i.  -''ma.  n.   The  ringed  boa  or  one  of 

other  \merl- 

can  snakes  of  tbe  boa  fam- 

ib"<»mi'<uni,  1  ab'o-mf- 

sum:   2  ab'o-ma'sflm.  n. 

(-a*,    pt.]        The     fourth 

stomach   of  a   ruminant; 

•■<*d.      l<    ab-     + 

3-1, .   III    i-lia-bl   e    ,     1      8- 

.  _    :-!«6m'i-na-bl,  a 
:  horrible. 

:  sea  bad;  criminal.  —  a-bum'l-na-hly,  adr. 
a-boii) 'l-nate,  1   ..-•>■••:.'. -:..'i.   2  a-li'.in'i-nat.   rf.      [-NAT*- 

•  :'il  with  horror  or  loathing;  ab- 

OMMM  I 
SiTl_-  »■>•   uiHOK       a-lxiiii    l-nali  . 
a-b.im    l-n.i  linn.  :  •'.:  2  a-bom'i-na'shon, 

t  loathing;  something  to  be  ab- 

j  abhorrence,  abuse,  annoyance,  aversion,  crime. 
,-  .-„■  ;.•,-•.•  i,n.  disgust,  evil,  execration,  hatred,  horror, 
tnlqi.  if.  shame,  villainy. 

■ . .  a  thing  of  ill  omen) 
to   anything    held   In   rell 

Mich    Is 
v  esteemed  among  men  Is  abomination  In  tin 

applied  to  tbe 
object  of  such  a'trrion  or  abhorrence  than  to 
mind  that  so  regards  It;  In  comn  ■ 
something  very  much  dli 

to  be.  A  toad  Is  to  many  an  object  of  di.-yu.-i:  a  foul  sewer  is 
an  abomination.  As  applied  to  crimes,  abomination  > 
such  as  are  especially  brutal,  shameful,  "r  revolting;  theft  Is 
an  offenu:   Infanticide  Is  an  abomination.  —  Ant.:  afl 
apprectailo:  -Ire,  en- 

•iiiratlon.  Joy,  satisfaction,  treat. 
•  r,  n. 

i-boon'.  adv.  A-  prep.  [.Scot.  A  Proi 
air  9-rtg  ' i  —  r i  il.    .  i   •.    i        I.   fl 

1 1.         \  n  orig- 
inal ah  "o-rig 'l-na-r>  :.   -ah"o-riK'l-nal- 

,  "i»-rlg'l-nf,  n.     An  assumed  Singular  Ol 
truj.  •  I-atln  has  no  singula*      ab-or'l-gen:  or 

-gin:.     ab"i>-rlg'l-ne»,  r,    pi     1  Dal  inhabitants 

of  a  indfauna.  [I...  <  oo,  from, 

i 
■  ttir'tUn.  1  a-bor's'hen;  2  a-bor'shon,  n.    An  untimely 
birth  •' lilure.  [ <  L.  ah,  from,  -r 

orior.  grow.; — a-bort"-,  rf.  A  rl.    To  make  or  become  abor- 


llve    arr.  ■•(   in  or  tall  of  development;   mlsrari 
llon-al.  .1 

a-iinr  in  ■  :.'  a  boi  tiv,  ,i      Brought  forth 

.-. .  Imporfootly  de>  eloped  organ; 

heme,     8yn  v  un. 

a-bol    H>    .-Il    .  a-lM>r'lh    e-n. 

i-iiiuiiiil ',  i  e  !"■  u  md',  ii     I  o  be  "i  have  In 

abundance  i   i  ■■'■.  from,   i   uiuta,  wave.]    ■ 

1 1  • '«      i  omparc  wn-i  > 
a-imiii  .  :.'  a  -iiuut'.  Lads,  Ground  the  outside; 

on  m  ry  side;  almost;  at  the  point;  ready;  Ln  revolution 
ur  rut  at  i.  hi.  in  :m\  direction;  toward  any,  i  vt  i  \ .  or  i  !"• 
ite  ,-i,l'- ,  moving  around;  ity:  in  wind- 

ing course;  hither  and  thither;  to  and  ti".  In  i  nor!  or  In 
:.mg    II.  ;>'•' ii    On  the  outside  or  on  ever]   ddeof; 
all  around;  to  and  fro  In;  over;  beside;  el 
where  Dear;  in  connection  with;  engaged  In:  in  n  ference 
inoeming;  on  aooounl  "i;  approxunating  to;  neai 

-    ahutan,  <  an,  on.  +  baian.  Outside.]     Syn.: 

a-itim-',  )  l  B-btrv/; 8 a-bov/,  Lads,  Vertioallyupi 
a-iuM  ''',  \  In  -ml;  higher  up;  on  the  ii|,j»-r  side, 
often  or  n.,  by  ellipaia.    II.  ;>r<;>.    Vertically 

over;  on  the  t"p  of;  upon;  in  exoees  of;  superior  <<•;  be- 
yond; free  from  the  reach,  power,  or  influence  of;  not 
liable  to,  [  <  AS.  Sou/an,  <  an,  on,  +  bufan,  above.] 

s.wi.:  on,  over,  upon,    Aoow  tatnemosl  Inclusive  of  these 
prepo  "i  ordinarily  be  substituted  for  on,  upon, 

;as,  the  boards  were  piled  one  on  or  upon  anothi 

another);  the  ha»  k  files  overttie^ i  (atom  the  wood 

But  it  will  be  seen  that  whl  nore  Inclusive  11 

one  ox  another  are  Id  contact,  but 
when  laid  one  above  another,  the]  maj  not  touch  Oeeroon- 
often  an  intimation,  tno  It  may  be  Blight,  ol 
o  motion  across,  while  oftow  mayslmplj  Imply  greater 
elevation,  if  we  say.  the  mountain  lowers  above  the  plain, 
we  think  only  of  Its  height;  but  If  we  say,  the  mountain 
towers  over  the  plain,  we  think  or  the  plain  ;us  In  the  shadow 
of  the  mountain  and  dominated  bj  It.  Bo  we  say  the  moun- 
tain 1-  7. in  in  feet  abOM  the  sea.  where  It  would  be  Impossible 

7,000  feel  over  the  sea,    '  ><«  Is  practically  Idi 

with  on,  both  In  cleaning  and  use,  preference  of  either  over 

the  ot  her  being  generally  for  euphonic  reasons:  upon  In  many 

connections  Is  somewhat  more  formal  or  dignified  than  on. 

—  Ant.:  see  BBMXATH. — a-bove 'board",  a.  et  adv.      Open; 

openly.    Syn.:  see  candid. 

Abp.,  abbr.   Archbishop.— abr.,  abbr.   Abridged,  abridgment. 

ab"ra-ea-dab'ra,  1  at)"ra-k9-dab're;  2  ab*ra-ea-dab'ra,  n.    A 

I  lc  word  written  In  triangular  form;  charm;  Jargon. [L.] 

ab-rade',  1  ab-rSd';  2  ab-rad',  et.  [ad-rad'kd1;  ab-bad'- 
i.\<;  ]  To  rub  or  wear  away.  [<  L.  ah,  from,  +  rado, 
scrape,  rub.]  an-ra'dant.  I.  a.  Abrading.  II.  n.  An 
abrading  substance.— ab-rad 'er,  n.— ab-ra'slon,  n.  The 
act  or  result  of  abrading.  Syn_-  see  friction.— ab-ra'- 
slv(e8.  I.  a.  Abrading  or  tending  to  abrade.  II.  n.  An 
abrading  substance. 

A'bra-ham,  1  e'lir,"t-liam:2fi'bra-ham,  n.  Bib.  The  progenitor 
of  the  .lews:  first  called  Abram. 

a-brea8<  ',  /  1  B-brest':  2  a-br6st',  adv.  1.  Side  by  side  and 

a-bri'«.t  '"*,  )  equally  advanced.  2.  Elec.  So  as  to  have  like 
electric  poles  connected. 

a-hridge',  1  a-brij';  2  a-brldg7,  vl.  [a-bridoed';  a-bridg'- 

tNO.]    1.  To  give  the  Bubstance  of  in  fewer  words;  con- 

:  i  imize;  shorten  in  nny  way.  2.  To  deprive  of; 

debar  (from);  followed  by  of  or,  rarely,  by  from  or  in. 

[     hi  L."-  ad,  to,  +  brevtt,  short.] 

ii       EU  -train;  bbtbj 

a-bridg'tnent,  1  a-brij'ment  or  -mant;  2  a-brldg'ment,  n. 
1.  The  ad  ol  abridging:  the  state  of  being  abridged;  an 
epitome  or  abstract  *' ..  Anything  that  causes  time  to 
pass'iuieklv;  a  dramatic  performance,  a-bridee 'merit  J. 
Syn.:  abbreviation,  abstract,  analysis,  compend,  com- 
pendium, conspectus,  digest,  epitome,  outline,  iimmary, 
synopsis.  An  abridgment  gives  the  most  important  portions 
of  a  work  substantially  as  they  stand.  An  ovtliru  or  synopsis 
Ls  a  kind  of  following  the  plan.   Kn  abstract  at 

digest  Is  an  Independent  statement  of  what  the  book  con- 
tains, the  ofi  fraef  closely  following  the  main  heads,  the 
digest  giving  the  substance  with  careful  conslderai  Ion  of  all. 
An  annly.l  draws  out  the  chief  thoughts  or  arguments,  ex- 
pressed or  implied.  An  epitome,  comix  nil .  or  compendium  ls 
a  com:'  of  8  subject,  whether  derived  from  a  pre- 

vious publication  or  not.    We  tnaj  have  an  abridgment  of  a 
inary,  but  not  an  anal  >.  digest,  or  summary. 

We  may  have  an  epitome  of  religion,  a  compendium  of  English 
literature,  but  not  an  abridgment.  See  aihiulviation. 
— Ant.:  amplification,  expansion,  paraphrase.  [latlon. 

a- broach',  1  D-br0cn';  2  a-br0ch',  a.  &  adv.   On  tap;  In  clrcu- 

a-broad',  1  B-bre»d';  'Z  a-brdd.',  adv.  Beyond  the  bounds 
of  one's  borne  or  country;  out  of  doors;  away;  at  large; 
in  circulation. 


1: a  =  final;    I  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  fewd;    cTiin;    go;    n  =  sireo;    Chin,   this. 
5     2:  wplf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,  but,   burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


abode 
abstinence 


ab'ro-gate,  1  ab'ro-get;  2  ab'ro-gat,  vt.   [-gat'ed11;  -gain- 
ing.]    To  annul  by  authority  or  by  later  enactment; 
abolish;  repeal.   [  <  L.  ab,  from,  +  rogo,  propose  a  law.] 
Syn.:  see  abolish;  annual;  cancel. 
— ab'ro-ga-bl(ep,  a. — ab'ro-ga-tiv(e8,  a.     Intended  or 
tending  to  abrogate. — ab'ro-ga"tor,  re. 

ab"ro-ga'tion,  1  ab"ro-ge'snan;  2  ab"ro-ga'shon,  n.  The 
act  or  process  of  abrogating;  authoritative  repeal. 

ab-rupt',  1  ab-rupt';  2  ab-rupt',  a.  Beginning,  ending,  or 
changing  suddenly;  broken  off;  sudden;  disconnected; 
steep.  [  <  L.  ab,  off,  from,  +  rumpo,  break.]  Syn.:  see 
bluff;  steep. — ab-rup'tion,  n.  A  sudden  breaking  off. — 
ab-rupt'ly,  adv.— ab-rupt'ness,  n. 

abs-,  prefix.  Off;  away;  from,  [ab-,  before c,  q,  t.} 

A.  B.  S.,  abbr.  American  Bible  Society. 

Ab'sa-lom,  1  ab'sa-lem;  2  ab'sa-16m,  re.  Rebellious  son  of 
David.  2  Sam.  iii,  xvlii. 

ab'scess,  1  ab'ses;  2  ab'sgs,  n.  A  collection  of  pus  in  a 
tissue  of  the  body;  a  tumor;  boil.  [  <  L.  abscessus,  <  ab, 
from,  +  cedo,  go.] 

ab-scind''1,  1  ab-sind';  2  ab-sind',  vt.  To  cut  off.  f  <  L. 
ab,  off,  +  scindo,  cut.] — ab-scls'sion,  re.  The  act  of  cutting 
off  or  the  state  of  being  cut  off  or  removed. 

ab-scis'sa,  1  ab-sis'a;  2  iib-sis'a,  n.  [-sas  or  -am,  1  -az  or 
-I;  2  -as.  or  -e,  pi.]  Math.  The  distance  of  any  point  from 
the  axis  of  ordinates,  measured  on  a  line  parallel  to  the 
axis  of  abscissas.  [L.,  fem.  pp.  of  abscindo;  see  abbcitid.] 
ab'scissj. 

ab-scond 'd,  1  ab-skond';  2  ab-scond',  vi.  To  depart  sud- 
denly and  secretly;  hide  oneself.  [<  L.  abscondo,  <  ab, 
from,  +  cum,  together,  +  do,  put.]  Syn.:  see  escape. — ■ 
ab-scon'dence,  re.  The  act  of  absconding;  concealment. — 
ab-scond 'er,  re. 

ab'sence,  1  ab'sens;  2  ab'sSnc,  n.  The  state,  fact,  or  time 
of  being  absent;  lack;  want.     Syn.:  see  want. 

ab-sent'd,  1  ab-sent';  2  ab-sgnt',  vt.  To  keep  (oneself) 
away. — ab"sen-ta'tion,  n.  The  act  of  absenting  one- 
self.— ab-sent'er,  re. 

ab'sent,  1  ab'sent;  2  ab'sent,  a.  Not  present;  lacking; 
missing;  absent*minded.  [F.,  <  L.  absen(t-)s,  ppr.  of 
absum,  <  ab,  from,  +  sum,  be.]  Syn.:  see  inattentive. — 
ab"sen-tee',  re.  One  who  is  absent;  a  non-resident. — ab"- 
sen-tee'ism,  n.  The  practise  of  being  an  absentee,  as  from 
an  estate. — ab'sent-ly,  adr. — ab"sentsmlnd'ed,  a.  Men- 
tally abstracted.  Syn.:  see  abstracted. — ab"sent=mind"- 
ed-Iy, adv. — ab"sent=mlnd'ed-ness,  n. — ab'sent-ness,n. 

Ab'sey=book"t,  re.  Ana=b=c  book. 

ab'sinth,    )  1  ab'sinfh;  2  ab'sinth,  n.   1.  A  green,  bitter, 

ab'sinthe,  \  aromatic  liqueur  impregnated  with  worm- 
wood. 2.  Wormwood.  [F.  absinthe,  <  L.  absinthium, 
wormwood.] 

ab'so-Iute,  1  ab'so-liut;  2  ab'so-lut,  a.  1.  Free  from  re- 
striction or  relation;  unlimited;  independent;  hence,  un- 
conditional; arbitrary;  despotic.  2.  Complete;  perfect. 
3.  Unadulterated;  pure.  4.  Positive;  entire;  total;  un- 
questionable. 5.  Gram.  Free  from  the  usual  relations  of 
syntax  or  construction.  [  <  L.OF  absolutus,  pp.  of  ab- 
solvo:  see  absolve.] 

Syn.:  arbitrary,  arrogant,  authoritative,  autocratic,  coer- 
cive, commanding,  compulsive,  compulsory,  controlling, 
despotic,  dictatorial,  dogmatic,  domineering,  exacting,  flat, 
haughty,  imperative,  imperious,  infinite,  irresponsible,  lordly, 
overbearing,  peremptory,  perfect,  positive,  pure,  supreme, 
tyrannical,  unconditional,  unequivocal.  As  used  of  human 
authorities,  absolute  signifies  free  from  limitation  by'other 
authority  and  supreme  exalted  over  all  other;  as,  an  absolute 
monarch,  the  supreme  court.  As  absolute  power  In  human 
hands  is  always  abused,  the  unfavorable  meaning  of  the  word 
predominates.  A  ulocrattc  power  Is  absolute  power  self=estab- 
lished  and  self-maintained.  Despotic  Is  commonly  applied  to  a 
masterful  or  severe  use  of  power,  which  is  expressed  more 
decidedly  by  tyrannical.  Arbitrary  may  be  used  in  a  good 
sense;  as,  the  pronunciation  of  proper  names  Is  arbitrary;  but 
the  bad  sense  is  the  prevailing  one;  as,  an  arbitrary  proceed- 
ing, arbitrary  power.  An  irresponsible  ruler  is  likely  to  be 
tyrannical.  Authoritative,  Implying  the  right  to  claim  author- 
ity, imperative,  peremptory,  and  positive  are  used  ordinarily  In 
the  good  sense;  as,  an  authoritative  definition;  an  Imperative 
demand ;  a  peremptory  command ;  positive  Instructions.  Com- 
pare AHBiTRAity;  flat;  imperious;  infinitk;  perfect. — 
Ant.:  accountable,  complaisant,  compliant,  conditional, 
constitutional,  contingent,  docile,  ductile,  gentle,  humble, 
lenient,  limited,  lowly,  meek,  mild,  responsible,  submissive, 
yielding. 

— ab'so-Iuto-ly,  adv. — ab'so-lutc-ness,  re. — ab'so-Iu"- 
tism,  n.  1.  The  doctrine  or  practise  of  unlimited  authority 
and  control;  despotism;  predestination.  2.  Absoluteness; 
posltivencss. — ab'so-lu"tlst,  n.  An  advocate  of  absolute 
government  or  of  the  philosophy  of  t  be  Absolute.-  -ah-sol'- 
u-to-ry,  a.  Having  power  to  absolve;  absolving,  ab-solv'- 
a-to-ryl. 


ab'so-Iute,  re.  1.  [A-]  The  unlimited  and  perfect  Being, 
God.  2.  That  which  is  perfect;  perfection. 

ab"so-lu'tion,  1  ab"so-liu'sli8n;  2  ab"so-lu'shon,  n.  An 
absolving,  or  a  being  absolved;  forgiveness. 

ab-solv(e's,  1  ab-selv';  2  ab-solv',  vt.  [ab-solv(e)d's;  ab- 
solving.] To  set  free,  as  from  obligatic  n,  sin,  or  penalty ; 
forgive;  pardon;  acquit.  [  <  L.  ab,  from,  -f-  solvo,  loose.] 
Syn.:  acquit,  clear,  discharge,  exculpate,  exempt,  exonerate, 
forgive,  free,  justify,  liberate,  pardon,  release,  set  free.  To 
absolve,  in  the  strict  sense,  is  to  set  free  from  any  bond.  One 
may  be  absolved  from  a  promise  by  a  breach  of  faith  on  the 
part  of  one  to  whom  the  promise  was  made.  To  absolve  from 
sins  is  formally  to  remit  their  condemnation  and  penalty,  re- 
garded as  a  bond  upon  the  soul.  To  acquit  of  sin  or  crime  Is 
to  free  from  the  accusation  of  it,  pronouncing  one  guiltless; 
the  innocent  are  rightfully  acquitted;  the  guilty  may  be 
mercifully  absolved.  Compare  justify;  pardon. — Ant.:  ac- 
cuse, bind,  charge,  compel,  condemn,  convict,  impeach,  In- 
culpate, obligate,  oblige. — Prep.:  One  Is  absolved  from 
(rarely  of)  a  promise,  a  sin,  etc. 
— ab-solv 'a-bl(ep,  a. — ah-sol'vent,  a. — ab-solv'er,  re. 

ab-sorb',  1  ab-serb';  2  ab-sorb',  vt.  To  drink  in  or  suck 
up,  as  through  or  into  pores;  engross  completely;  swal- 
low up.   [  <  L.F  ab,  from,  -f-  sorbeo,  suck  in.] 

Syn.:  consume,  drink  in,  drink  up,  engross,  exhaust,  im- 
bibe, suck  up,  swallow,  swallow  up,  take  in,  take  up.  A  fluid 
that  is  absorbed  Is  taken  up  into  the  mass  of  the  absorbing 
body,  with  which  it  may  or  may  not  permanently  combine. 
A  substance  is  consumed  which  is  destructively  appropriated 
by  some  other  substance,  being,  or  agency,  so  that  it  ceases 
to  exist  or  to  be  recognized  as  existing  in  its  original  condi- 
tion; fuel  is  consumed  in  the  fire,  food  in  the  body;  consume  is 
also  applied  to  whatever  is  removed  from  the  market  for  in- 
dividual use;  as,  silk  and  woolen  goods  are  consumed.  A 
great  talker  engrosses  the  conversation.  A  credulous  person 
swallows  the  most  preposterous  statement.  A  busy  student 
imbibes  or  drinks  in  knowledge;  he  is  absorbed  in  a  subject 
that  takes  his  whole  attention.  —  Ant.:  cast  out,  disgorge, 
disperse,  dissipate,  distract,  eject,  emit,  exude,  give  up,  put 
forth,  radiate,  send  out,  shoot  forth,  throw  off,  vomit. — 
Prep.:  Plants  absorb  moisture  from  the  air;  the  student  Is 
absorbed  in  thought;  nutriment  may  be  absorbed  into  the 
system  through  the  skin. 

— ab-sorb"a-bll'i-ty,  n.  —  ab-sorb'a-bKeP,  a.  —  ab- 
sorbed', pa.  1.  Deeply  engrossed.  2.  Sucked  up  or  sunken 
in.  Syn.:  see  abstracted. — ab-sorb 'ed-Iy,  adv. — ab-sorb'- 
ed-ness,  re. — ab-sor'bent.  I.  a.  Absorbing  or  tending 
to  absorb.  II.  n.  A  substance,  duct,  etc.,  that  absorbs. — 
ab-sorb'er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  absorbs;  specif.,  a 
part,  as  in  a  caloric  engine,  having  the  function  of  absorbing 
heat  and  giving  it  out  later,  or,  as  in  an  automobile  spring, 
a  device  for  absorbing  the  shock  or  jar  when  the  machine  is 
in  motion. — ab-sorb'Ing,  a.  Tending  or  fitted  to  absorb;  en- 
grossing.— ab-sorb'ing-ly,  adv. — ab-sorp'tion,  re.  The  act 
of  absorbing;  the  condition  of  being  absorbed. —  ab-sorp'- 
Av  (e8,  a.  Capable  of  absorbing ;  absorbent. — ab-sorp  'tlv  (e- 
ness8,  re.  ab"sorp-tiv'l-tyJ. 

abst.,  abstr.,  abbr.  Abstract. 

ab-stain',  1  ab-sten';  2  &b-stan',  vi.  To  keep  oneself 
back;  refrain:  with  from.  [<  L.F  abstineo,  <  abs,  from, 
+  teneo,  hold.]  Syn.:  see  cease;  refrain. — ab-staln'er,  n. 
One  who  abstains;  a  teetotaler. 

ab-ste'mi-ous,  1  ab-sti'mi-us;  2  ab-ste'mi-us,  a.  Eating 
and  drinking  sparingly;  avoiding  excess;  self-denying; 
temperate.  [  <  L.  abs,  from,  +  temetum,  intoxicating 
drink.]  Syn.:  see  sober. — ab-ste'ml-ous-ly,  adv.—  ab- 
ste'ml-ous-ness,  n.    Abstinence.    Syn.:  see  abstinence. 

ab-sten'tion,  1  ab-sten' s"han;  2  Sb-stSn'shon,  n.  A  re- 
fraining or  abstaining. — ab-sten 'tious,  o. 

ab-sterge',  1  ab-sturj';  2  S.b-sterg',  vt.  [-sterqed'; 
-STERg'ing.]  To  wipe  away;  cleanse.  [  <  L.  abs,  off,  -f 
tergco,  wipe.]  ab-sterse't. — ab-ster'gent.  I.  a,  cleansing. 
II.  n.  A  cleansing  application.  ab-ster'slv(o8t.— ab-ster'- 
slv(e-ness8,  re.  —  ab-ster'slon,  n.  The  act  of  wiping  or 
cleansing.— ab-stcr'so-ry,  a. 

ab'stl-nence,  1  ab'sti-nens;  2  ab'sti-nSnc,  n.  The  act  or 
practise  of  abstaining,  especially  from  intoxicating 
drinks;  self=denial.  [  <  L.F  abslinentia,  <  abstineo;  see 
abstain.]  ab'stl-nen-cyj. 

Syn.:  abstemiousness,  continence,  fasting,  frugality, 
moderation,  self-control,  self-dental,  self-restraint,  .sobriety. 
temperance.  Abstinence  from  food  commonly  signifies  jjoImi; 
without;  abstemiousness,  partaking  moderately;  abstinence 
may  be  for  a  single  occasion,  abstemiousness  Is  habitual  mod- 
eration. Self-denial  Ls  giving  up  what,  one  wishes;  ObBtirU  net 
rmiy  be  refraining  from  what  one  docs  not  desire.  Fasting  Is 
abstinence  from  food  for  a  limited  time,  and  generally  for  re- 
ligion reasons.  Sobriety  and  temperance  signify  maintaining 

.'i  quiet, even  temper  by  moderate  Indulgence  In  BOme  tilings, 

complete  abstinence  from  others.  Total  abstinence  tuts  come 
to  signify  the  entire  abstaining  from  intoxicating  liquors. — 
Ant.:  drunkenness,  excess,  gluttony,  greed,  Intemperance,  lri- 


.il.str.i.  i 
.».  .  I. It  in 


. 


i 


It,  poll      •'        ft:  iu    ■      ii     ii       d     0 

.        ,  iii  i  ..  61 .  won, 


6 


»k  .ii-ui  ni. 

lb    .ll-nrlll-l)  . 

I.      I.  I 

.' 
I. 

4 

I  I 


.  other  sui'i- 

i«  ii  away  from 
u 

l.j."  :-•;..'   »  '  •  ■-..   the   attention   l-  divided   among   different 

The 

Illl  up,  In- 
ert-.-.                                                            ■:-.:   l*he  purse  may  be 

.  Uu-  accidental 

all  -ir.ii  i .  I  .Con iidered  apart 

'.'.   Imaginary; 
ad   .ir.u  l-l>  .  all   .ir.u  l-n 

ah  .i rai  i.  iry  or  epitoi  iHty;  in 

law.  a  con.:  idea  or  term; 

. 

:  a  lirnir  in  powder. 

.  draw.]     Sillj  see  ahhk>.\  I  whin; 

ai.-.irai  i  Yd.  rtr&et'ed,  a,    1.    \l>- 

:.  - 

absorbed,    heedless,  Inat- 
•    oblivious,   p 

-  absent' 
one  thing  will 

[I  (he  really  lUtUss  and  thoughtless 
to  be  preoccupied.     The  absent' 
•ntnJcd  man  Is  obilrlous  of  ordinary  tuse  bis 

bo  Is  preoccuplil  Is  III 
•  :ie  may  be  abseni'mlrnlnl  simply  I 

□derlng  or  thought, 
ipare    aaaHBAt  t.  -AnL:     alert,    attentive,     on    hand, 
prompt,  ready,  thoughtful,  wide-awake, 
ab— tract  Vd-I),  ade. 
ah— .tra.    lion.  .  ■    -iion,  n.    1.  An 

mbf  .'  ■  imething  m  r 

a;  removal;  theft.  4.  Absence  of 

ab-. tra.    ti\    .    .  1.  I  <:. 

.  having1  the 
•     'i.  i  If  the  na1 

-l\  .  -Ness,  ,,. 

ah-.tru-.    .  Hard  to  be  umler- 

I..  n'n.  from.   +  trudu.  posh.]      SltlJ 

.« l» —  i  ru-.'l) .    adt.—  ab- 
.tru 
ati-.iircr.  .  .    b-surd',  a.  Opposed  to  manifest 

IS;    riiliculous.      [<    I..   ab- 

foolLsh.  Ill* 

fatu.i' 

Djosseasleaj   paradoxical   preposterous,  ridiculous,  senseless, 
stupid,  unreasona'  ten  i-  contrary 

flnt  prlnrlples  of  reasoning:  a«    I  ■  mild  be 

greater  tha-  a  paradoxical  statement 

appear-  at  first  U  radlctory  or  absurd,  while  It 

may  be  rca  rly  eon- 

trary to  sound  reason.  / 
good  senile.  tUiy  ■  le  In  in  folly, 

•  '/iu  when  o 

a  there  seems  a  pet  tuse  Mai  or  an  intent 
to  go  wror..  ■  fer  to  what  Is 

overwhelm  ■  BCkram 

mer.  .  -i-f.w.i    /   Kint  llmry  IV, 

act  I  ilcuU/us  orttM  -  worthy  only 

to  be  laughed  a'     The  lunatle  s  claim  I  ■  ridicu- 

lous '   omparc 

•rtain.    consistent,    demonstrable, 

■  r^rra'ed.  establlsbed.  Incontestable.  Incontrovertible. 


Indisputable,  Indubitable.  Infallible,  logical,  rational 

able.  I  mi  lal,   ii  uc,    uii.li- 

in-  h:  i  i- 1 1 .  i  |ualli  i  "f  being 

alwur.t         ab-MUra'DCUt,  lilni;    absurd.     ah~ 

Mird   h  . 
al.t    .  I     ..in 

\    hll-Mi    .  .     -il   1  u-'.n     D  I  I      I  Pi  . 

ittleof  Nile,  \ 
.i-Imiii  il.iiu  e,  1  .•  i.nii  .1  ■  ■  1  in-.,  n     ^plentiful 

■uppl]  itinntity  or  number;  copiousness;  plentj 

■i  ..in . 
a-liun  il.uil,  1    ■  !•  in. I  mi,.;     AlT. 

plentiful  supply:  abounding;  ample;   copious.     Bj 
wii-i  i  ,  i  \i..  .       a-buii'd.iui-l\  .  |a-l>oon;. 

a-iiiiin  ',  i  ool  i     tbove 

a-buse ',    )  1  e-biO  i 

.i-bii/f    .  Improperly  or  injurious^  jwrong;  hurt; 

revill  :   -rin. -rly    to  ilri  .  iv       |  ■      I     '   00,  In. m.     t 

n/.ir.  use  1  Si  n.:  aggrieve,  damage,  defame,  defile,  disparage, 

harm.  Ill- trial.  Ill-u  ■  -r  upon.  Injure,  malign,  mal- 

treat, misemploy,  ihImis.-.  ■  cute,  pervert, 

pollute,  prostitute,  rail  at,  ravish,  reproach,  revile,  ruin,  slan- 
der, victimise,  vilify,  violate,  vituperate. wrong,   louw  mm era 
ail  unreasonable  or  Improper  use  or  (reatmenl  by  word  or 
\  tenanl  does  noi  abiut  rented  proper)  y  bj  "rea  lonable 

wear."    ilio  that    may  </ 

he  may  0011  -  Ql    or   neglect. 

i>i farm,  malign,  rati  at.  ririii,  slander,  rut/u.  ami  vituperate 
are  used  ab»  0  be  lustlj  r<  ,- 

-.  or  to  rletimUi  one  ilm  by  abusing 

Unreal  him  for  opin- 
ion's ous  belief;  to  oppress  is  gen- 
for  poin  leal  or  pectin!  j  |   moi  h 
d  pervert  are  commonlj  applied  to  objects  rather  than 
to  persons.  Cp  polli  pj      Ant.:  applaud,  benefit,  care  for, 

cherish,    con  BXtOl,     favor,    laud. 

panegyrise,  praise,  protect,  regard,  respect,  shield,  sustain, 
tend,  uphold,  vindicate,    a-bus'er,  n. 
;i-Imim'\  1  ,-liiu-';  2  a-lnV,  a.    [mproper  or  injurious  use; 
ill-treat. 'in-lit ;     p.-r\  .  r-i.  .11 ;      ini-ii-.-;      vicious     coniluel; 

vituperation,    s.vn.:  see  lbomination;  01  hum 
a-bu'sh  e,]  .•-!•:. r-iv;  ^  :i-l>u'.>iv,  a    Of  the  nature  of  or 
characterized  by  abuse;  hurtful;  harsh;  vituperative 
— a-bu'slvCe-fy-^,  «rfr.—  a-bu'slv(e-ncs- 
a-but',  1  B-bot';  2  a-but',  l-b!  i'mo1;  \-hi-t'- 

tin<;.]  To  touch  at  the  end  or  aide;  border:  followed  by 
■    i  r,  <  o,  to,  -f-  hot* '", 

butt,  Btrlie.]     a-but 'ting,  pa.     Svn.:  Bee  aDJAI  1  ■■  1 . 
A-bu'll-lon,  1  ,'i-lilu'ti-lon;  2  a-hfl'ii-irui,  n.    1.  A  genus  of 
low    family,    mainly 
tropical,   't.  [a-]  A  plant  of  this  genus. 

1  <  A 1 
a-lltlt  'UK-Ill,   1    ..-hut 'merit    or  - 

2  a-Inn'm  nt,  11.    The  act  of  .-iliiit- 
ting,  or  thai  which  abuts  oris  abut- 

upon;  a  supporting  or  bul 
in^  structure,   aa  at   the  end   ol    a 

brnl^o  or  wall. 
a-but'tal,  1  i.-liut'.'l;2  a-but'al.  n.   An 

abutting  or  abutment;   an   abutting 

part;  a  boundary. 
a-bj  '.  1   B-bal';  2  a-hy',  r.    I.  t.    I    .  To 
i  ler.  St. 

To  buy.    lit.  i.    To  make  restitution; 
-  .  endure.  [<  AS.  O'-i/ci/au,  <  d-  + 

bucoan:  Bee    ^-■    and    BUY.]     a-be>c't; 

a-buy't:  a-b>e';. 
a-byde't,  V.     To  abide;  await;  remain; 

endure,  a-by't.  r'"""  ""'  '"'• 

A-b>  'do-,  1  a-boi'des;  2  a-by'dos.  n.     An  ancient  city  on  the 

Hellespont,  Asia  Minor. 
a-byl'e-mentt<  n    Hablumenl .  dress;  clothing. 
Abjs.,  oior.  Abyssinia,  Abyi 

a-b>  -s',  1  ;i-l>is';  2  a -'-"-'.  "       \.  bottomless  gulf ;  any  vast 

depth.  [  <  '  ir1'  a-  priv.  +  bystos,  bottom.]  a-bysm'I 
[I'lH-t.].  a-b>s'mal, .;.  Pertaining  to  an  abj  i;  unfathom- 
able,   a-bys'sal,  a.    Perti 

tin-  ocean  depths  below  800  fat  lion,        a-b>s'sic;. 
Ab">s-sln'l-a,  1  at) '  I'l  a,  n.    An  empire  In 

N    E,  Afrlea.  .i.Mi.liiHi    q.  in  .  pop.  8,000.000.  —  Ab"ys-sln'l- 

an,  a.  <V  n. 
ar-,  prefix,     form  of  ID-  before  C  and  q.  as  iii  '/reuse;  an  Im- 

proper  form  of  \-'-  before  < . 
-ac,  suffix.  Having,  pertaining  to,  affected  by,  as  In  demoniac, 
cardiac;  preceded  by  -.-.  ai  followed  by  -at.  [< 

1.    -CCUS,  usually  <  (Jr.  -rikos.] 

k.i'.,ah',r.  a  iiii  Christ  um  'i,.,  before  Christ    ■  B.C.), Arch* 

ellor,  Army  < 
A-ca'cla,  1  <>-ke'.<lid;  2  a-ca'slia,  n.    1.  A  (.onus  of  thorny 
flowering  trees  or  shrubs.   2.  (a-]  A  plant  of  this  genus: 


<  'ommon  At. ni  lion. 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  hablt|   aisle;    an  a  out;    ©llt"la  =  fewd;    Cliin;    go;    Q  =  Bing;    Chin,   this. 
2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


abstract 
accident 


Acanthus. 


also,  some  similar  plant,  as  the  common  locust.  3.  Med. 
Gum  arabic.  [L.,  <  Gr.  akakia,  <  ake,  point.] 

ac"a-dem'ic,  1  ak"a-dem'ik;  2  ac"a-d8m'ie.  I.  a.  1.  Per- 
taining to  an  academy.  2.  Classical  and  literary  rather 
than  technical;  formal  or  theoretical,  as  opposed  to 
practical.  3.  [A-]  Pertaining  to  the  school  of  Plato  or 
the  Platonic  philosophy.  ac"a-dem'i-calt.  II.  n.  1.  A 
college  or  university  student,  2.  A  member  of  a  learned 
society.  3.  [A-]  A  Platonist.  4.  pi.  [A-]  The  teachings 
of  Plato. 

ac"a-dem'l-cal,  1  ak"a-dem'i-kal;  2  aV'a-dSm'i-cal.  I.  a. 
Academic.  D.  re.  pi.  Costume  worn  or  prescribed  in  an 
institution  of  learning,  -ly,  adv. 

a-cad'e-my,  1  a-kad'i-mi;  2  a-c&d'e-my,  n.  [-miesz,  pi.] 
1.  A  school,  especially  one  intermediate  between  a  com- 
mon school  and  a  college.  2.  A  learned  society.  3.  [A-] 
The  school  or  the  disciples  of  Plate:  the  Platonic  philos- 
ophy. Ac'a-demet  [Poet.].  [  <  Gr.  akademeia,  the 
pleasure=ground  near  Athens,  where  Plat/-  taught.] — a-cad"- 
e-ml'cian,  n.  A  member  of  an  academy;  specifically,  one 
of  art,  science,  or  literature. 

A-ca'dl-a,  1  a-ke'di-a;  2  a-ea'di-a,  re.  Nova  Scotia;  early 
French  name. — A-ca'di-an,  a.  &n. 

ac'a-leph,  1  ak'a-lef ;  2  ae'a-lef,  n.  A  jelly=fish;  sea=nettlc. 
[<  Gr.  akalephe,  nettle.]  ac'a-lephel. — ac"a-le'phan,  a. 
&  re. — ac"a-le'phold,  a. 

ac"a-na'ceous,  1  ak"a-ne's"hus;  2  ac"a-na'shus,  a.  Bot. 
Prickly.  [  <  Gr.  akanos,  thistle,  <  ake,  point.] 

a-can'thine,  1  a-kan'thin;  2  a-can'thin,  a.  Pertaining  to  or 
like  an  acanthus;  decorated  with  the  acanthus=leaf. 

a-can'thous,  1  a-kan'thus;  2  a-can'thus,  a.  Spinous. 

A-can'thus,  1  a-kan'£hus;  2  a-can'thus,  n.  1.  A  genus  of 
perennial  plants,  with  large, 
handsome  flowers.  2.  [a-. 
A  plant  of  this  genus;  also, 
a  conventionalized  represen- 
tation of  its  leaf,  character- 
istic of  the  Corinthian  capi- 
tal.— a-can'thus  deaf",  n. 
See  acanthus,  2. 

ac"a-ri'a-sis,  1  ak"a-rai'a-sis; 
2  ae"a-rl'a-sis,  n.  The  itch. 

A-car'i-da,  1  a-kar'i-da;  2  *•  f^f of  Acanthus  Mollis,  i.  Aoan- 
a-c&r'i-da,  n.  pi.     An  order  _  thuf ln  «™wteotiii.. 

of  arachnids,  including  the  mites  and  ticks.  [  <  Gr.  akari, 
mite,  <  a-  priv.  +  keiro,  cut.)  Ac"a-ri'nai. — a-ca'ri-an, 
a. — ac'a-rid,  a.  &  n. 

a-car'pous,  1  a-kor'pus;  2  a-ear'pus,  a.  Bot.  Not  bearing 
fruit;  sterile.  [<  Gr.  a-,  not,  +  karpos,  fruit.] 

a-cat"a-lec'tic,  1  a-kat"a-lek'tik;  2  a-cat"a-16c'tie.  I.  a. 
Pros.  Complete;  having  the  required  number  of  feet  or 
of  syllables,  as  a  verse.  II.  n.  An  acatalectic  verse,  [a-14.] 

a-cat'a-lep-sy,  1  a-kat'a-lep-si;  2  a-cat'a-lep-sy,  re.  Philos. 
The  incomprehensibility  of  all  things;  specif.,  among  the 
skeptics,  the  doctrine  that  all  human  knowledge  is  only  prob- 
able and  that  therefore  all  positive  judgment  should  be  sus- 
pended. [<  Gr.  akatalepsia,  <  a-,  not,  +  catalepsy.] 

a-cau'date,  1  a-ke'det;  2  a-ca'dat,  a.  Having  no  tail;  tailless. 
[<  a-14  not,  +  caudate.]     a'Cau'dalf. 

a-cau'Ies,  1  a-ko'liz;  2a-ca'leg,  n.  pi.  Bot.  Plants  in  which  the 
stems  are  wanting,  as  lichens.  [<  Gr.  a-,  not,  +  kairtos, 
stock.] — ac"au-les'cencc,  n.  Bot.  Absence,  real  or  appar- 
ent, of  the  stem.  ac"au-lo'sl-a:t. — ac"au-les'cent,  a.  Bot. 
Having  no  visible  stem,  a-cau'llnet;  ac"au-lose't;  a- 
cau'lousj.  [Accusative. 

ace,  acct.,  abbr.   Account,  accountant. — ace,  accus.,  abbr. 

ac-cede',  1  ak-sicl';  2  Sc-ced',  vi.  [ac-ced'ed'1;  ac-ced'- 
ing.]  1.  To  give  one's  consent  or  adhesion;  agree;  as- 
sent. 2.  To  come  into  possession;  succeed.  [<  L.  ac- 
cedo,  <  ad,  to,  +  cedo.  go.]     Syn.:  see  agree;  ASSENiT. 

ac-cel'er-ate,  1  ak-sel'ar-5t;  2  ac-ccl'er-at,  vt.  &  vi.  [-at"- 
EDd;  -at"ing.]  To  move  faster;  hasten.  [  <  L.  ail,  to,  + 
celer,  qulck.l  Syn.:  see  quicken. — ac-cei'er-ant.  I.  a. 
Accelerating;  hastening.  II.  n.  That  which  accelerates. 
— ac-cel"er-a'tion,  re.— ac-ccl'er-a-tlv(c8,  a.  ac-cei'er- 
a-to-ryf. — ac-cel 'cr-a"tor,  re.    An  accelerating  device. 

ac-cent''1,  1  ak-sent';  2  ac-cfint',  vt.  To  speak,  write,  or 
print  with  an  accent;  render  emphatic;  emphasize. 

ac'cent,  1  ak'scnt;  2  ae'efint,  n.  1.  A  stress  of  voice  on  a 
particular  syllable  in  pronouncing  a  word,  or  a  mark 
used  to  indicate  such  stress:  known  as  primary  (') 
(noting  the  chief  stress)   and  secondary   (">  (noting 

weaker  stress  on  sonic  other  BJ  liable  or  s>  llalilesl.  2. 
Stress  of  voice  or  instrument,  as  in  music.  3.  A  mod- 
ulation of  the  voice;  mode  of  Utterance;  pronunciation. 
[<  L.»  ad,  to,    I-   caflo,  sing.]    -ac-ccii'tll-al,  a.     Of,  l>cr- 

tainlng  to,  or  Indicating  accent.  -ac-cen'tu-ate,H.    [-at*- 

Ki)'1;  -at"in(;.|     1.  To  speak  or  writer  with  an  accent.     '£.  To 
emphasize.  — ac-ccn"tu-a'tlon.  n. 
»c-cent',J.  1  ak-sept';  2  ac-cept',  vt.    I.  To  take  when 


offered;  agree  to;  receive;  believe;  resign  oneself  to.  2. 
Com.  To  agree  to  pay,  as  a  draft.  3.  Law.  To  acknowl- 
edge (as  valid  or  as  received).  [<  L.  ad,  to,  +  capio, 
take.]  Syn.:  see  acknowledge;  agree;  assent;  assume; 
confess;  ratify. 

— ac-cept'a-bl(eP,a.  Worthy  of  being  accepted;  pleasing; 
welcome.  Syn.:  see  agreeable;  delightful.— ac-cept  'a- 
bl(e-nessP,  re.  ac-cept"a-bil'l-tyl.— ac-cept'a-bly,  adv. 
— ac-cep'tance,  n.  1.  The  act  of  accepting;  state  of  being 
accepted  or  acceptable.  2.  Com.  &  Law.  The  accepting  of  a 
bill,  service,  etc.;  an  accepted  bill  of  exchange  or  the  like.  3. 
Law.  The  actual  or  virtual  acknowledgment  of  the  validity 
or  sufficiency  of  an  act,  contract,  or  the  like.  4.  Acceptation. 
ac-cep'tan-cyt  [Rare].— ac-cep'tant,  a.  Ready  or  willing 
to  accept;  receptive.— ac"cep-ta'tlon,  re.  1.  The  accepted 
meaning  of  a  word.  2.  The  state  of  being  accepted  or  ac- 
ceptable.—ac-cept'er,  ac-cep'tor,  n.  One  who  accepts;  in 
law,  one  who  has  given  his  acceptance  on  a  check,  draft,  or 
the  like:  in  the  legal  sense,  commonly  acceptor. 

ac'cess,  1  ak'ses;  2  ac'cSs,  n.  1.  The  act  or  opportunity  of 
approaching;  admittance;  approach;  passage;  path.  2. 
Increase.  3.  An  attack,  as  of  disease.  [  <  L.F  accedo;  see 
accede.]  Syn.:  see  entrance;  increase. 

ac-ces'sa-ry,  1  ak-ses'a-n ;  2  ac-cSs'a-ry.  I.  a.  Aiding  sub- 
ordinately.  II.  n.  [-biesz,  pi.]  A  person  or  thing  that 
aids  or  is  connected  subordinately.  [Now  same  as  acces- 
sory, a.  &n.] 

ac-ces'si-bl(ep,  1  ak-ses'i-bl;  2  ac-ceVi-bl,  a.  Easy  of  ac- 
cess; approachable;  attainable.     Syn.:  see  friendly. 
— ac-ces"si-bil'i-ty,  n. — ac-ces'sl-bly,  adv. 

ac-ces'sion,  1  ak-sesli'an;  2  ac-cSsh'on,  n.  1.  One  who  or 
that  which  is  added;  addition.  2.  Attainment,  as  of 
office.  3.  Assent;  agreement.  4.  Law.  The  acquisition 
of  property  by  reason  of  its  being  accessory  to  property 
already  owned.  5.  Access. 

Syn.:  addition,  arrival,  augmentation,  enlargement,  ex- 
tension, inauguration,  increase,  influx.     See  entrance. 

ac-ces'sion-al,  a.  Accessory;  additional. 

ac"ces-so'ri-al,  a.  Pertaining  to  an  accessory. 

ac-ces'so-ry,  1  ak-ses'o-n;  2  ac-c8s'o-ry.  I.  a.  Aiding 
subordinately;  contributory.  Syn.:  see  incidental. 
II.  n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  1.  A  person  or  thing  that  aids  subordi- 
nately; an  adjunct;  accompaniment.  2.  Law.  A  person 
who,  tho  not  present,  is  concerned,  either  before  or  af- 
ter, in  the  perpetration  of  a  felony  below  the  crime  of 
treason.  [  <  L.L1,  accedo;  see  accede.] 

Syn.:  abetter  or  abettor,  accomplice,  ally,  assistant,  asso- 
ciate, attendant,  coadjutor,  colleague,  companion,  confed- 
erate, follower,  helper,  henchman,  participator,  partner,  re- 
tainer. Colleague  Is  used  always  In  a  good  sense,  associate  and 
coadjutor  generally  so;  ally,  assistant,  associate,  attendant, 
companion,  helper,  either  in  a  good  or  a  bad  sense;  abetter, 
accessory,  accomplice,  confederate,  almost  always  in  a  bad 
sense.  In  law,  an  abettor  (the  general  legal  spelling)  is  always 
present,  either  actively  or  constructively,  at  the  commission 
of  the  crime;  an  accessory  never.  An  accomplice  is  usually 
a  principal;  an  accessory  never.  If  present,  tho  only  to 
stand  outside  and  keep  watch  against  surprize,  one  is  an 
abettor,  and  not  an  accessory.  At  common  law,  an  accessory 
implies  :  principal,  and  can  not  be  convicted  until  after  the 
conviction  of  the  principal;  the  accomplice  or  abettor  can  be 
convicted  as  a  principal.  Accomplice  and  abettor  have  nearly 
the  same  meaning,  but  the  former  is  the  popular,  the  latter 
more  distinctively  the  legal  term.  Compare  appendagf,; 
auxiliary.  —  Ant.:  adversary,  antagonist,  betrayer,  chief, 
commander,  enemy,  foe,  hinderer,  instigator,  leader,  oppo- 
nent, opposer,  principal,  rival. — Prep.:  An  accessory  to  the 
crime;  before  or  after  the  fact;  the  accessories  of  a  figure  Ire  a 
painting. — ac-ces'so-ri-ly,  adv. 

ac'ci-dencc1,  1  ak'si-dens;  2  ac'ci-dSng,  re.  A  small  book 
containing  tho  rudiments,  as  of  grammar;  hence,  ele- 
ments or  rudiments.  [Corr.  of  accidents,  pi.  of  accident.] 

ac'cl-dence2,  n.  Chance;  mishap;  fortuity. 

ac'ci-dent,  1  ak'si-dent;  2  aVci-dfint,  n.  1.  Something 
that  happens  undesignedly;  a  fortuitous  event;  con- 
tingency. 2.  A  casualty;  mishap.  3.  Any  non»essential 
circumstance  or  attribute.  4.  Oram.  An  inflection.  [< 
L.  accido,  happen,  <  ad,  upon,  +  cado,  fall.] 

Syn.:  adventure,  calamity,  casualty,  chance,  eonl  Ingenoy, 
disaster,  fortuity,  hap,  happening,  hazard,  Incident,  mis- 
adventure, misfortune,  mishap,  possibility.  An  acrid, ■  'I  Is 
that  which  happens  without  any  one's  direct  Intent  ion;  a 
chance  that  which  happens  without  any  known  cause.  If 
the  direct  cause  of  a  railroad  accident  is  known,  we  can  not 
call  It  a  chance.  We  can  speak  of  a  game  01  chance,  but  not 
of  a  game  of  accident.  An  incident  Ih  viewed  as  occurring  In 
Hie  regular  course  of  things,  but  subordinate  to  the  main 
purpose,  or  aside  from  the  main  deaJrii.  Foment  is  the  result 
of  Inscrutable  controlling  forces.  Fortune  and  clKir.cc  are 
nearly  equivalent,  but  chance  can  be  used  of  human  effort 
and  endeavor  as  fortune  can  not  be;  we  say  "ho  has  a  chance 


.  m.il 
■chroma 1 1> 


».    i  i-.i.  u  i.ii.  I 

'      llllilr- 

•  tl.  pur- 

II  l  mini  feature 

.'. 

-  i.  ii   tal-Um,  1  ndlUon  or 

;.  i 

.11  "ri-iii-ii 'i.ii- 
i«i .         »i    <  i -< i •  i ■  i.ii-ii- 
i.  -.  In  i-(.  r.  [-TSKS'.pI.]   A 

[I.  .    :i    Lawk, 
;  —  ac- 
rlp  l-irjl.  Btag  to. 

or  of  the  nature  ol 

To  summon;   clto: 
arSST'   .    .       ,,.,„.,.,  Acclplter. 

■"-•'■»»"  •      j  B  '-^"W  ft  -u-k. 

1.  .     .      1.   I  o  proclaim  by     ;.  n»i  .1  it.  ...r  tiioon. 

shout    apj 
app.  .  |   .   .  II.  \  !  plause. 

Syru  see  atii.m  M  - 

claim  '.i-l.l  .-   .  ar-<  l.ilm  '.  r.    . 

i.    .  I  i-m.i   Hon.  |  a,  n.    A 

•bout,  a.*  of  applause;  a  loud  and  general  viva  \ 
a-  see  applai 
«. -■  I. mi  a-(o-r>.    .  I m'a-to-ry,  a. 

•lamation. 
M  -  Ii  mate,   1   a-klai'mit;  2  a-eh"inat,   rf.      [-mat-ed1*; 
•  iht-is.  I     To  habitu  ign  dimate;  said  of 

Umat,   <  Gr. 
kr-rll'ma-ta-bl(e>*,    a.— ac"cli-ma'- 

(loll.  •,      nr-i'll"liu-l:i  'Ih.ii  : . 
.14  -4  li'ma-tl/i-     •  -tWe,  1  a-klai'm.-t'iiz:  2  a-«W 

ized;  -tiz'ini;  ]  To  habituate  or  become  ha- 
irnate:  said  of  animals  or  plants. 
»r-rll "i,i  i- n- /  i  'H.4 n     -  ->.i  'tlun,  n. 
.14  -.  lit   l-t),  1  a-khv'i-ti;  2  ,1-clIv'i-tv.  n.    [-tiesz,  pi]    An 
up»  -.-  \..ad.  to.  +  citrus,  hlll.l  Synj  see  height. 

••ii-.  1  a-klai'vu-.  ..  -    ping  upward 

ar-rlh  '1- 1  -  Hi  -    . 
ar-o-ladr',  1  ak'o-led'  or  -Idd':  2  ftc'o-lild'  or  -Ud',  n.    Mus. 
I.   \  .  il  bract-  or  a  heavy  bar.   2.  Arch.  A  curved  orna- 

Tattr  ilutatlon.  at  first  an  embra 

i  with  a  sword.  In  conferring  knighthood.   [<  F. 
• 
i4  -.  ..in  'i  ii4  .-da  It-,  l  ■-.-'..    •       -  •  lat,  r.  [-DAT*- 

i.       i .  oblige;  hi  Ip 

|i  -!»••     3.  i  inform;  com- 

II.  nforxned 

or  ad,  [  <   I.,  ad,  to,   + 

eommodiu.  nt  l     Synj  adapt.  ■  Jn,  fit.  furnish, 

harmonU'  i  Ue,  serve,  sul 

»r-roitrmo-dat"lng.  pn.    Disposed  ' 

ii  -4  mil   mo-il.it"lng-l> .  .14  -4  4,in"ni,.- 

.1  i  i  Ion,        I 

I 
Captation.  M 

i4  4  oinmodatlon  ir.iln 

li  -com  '- 
mr>-da"th  .    ,       ■nw,  n. 

u'lia-ii).       |    .-•     -:i'p.-T-r.i;  2  a- 
M  -'  inn  '[>  i-n>    . 

•     f  <  L.    'ft.  to,  +■  com-, 

»r-<-om'pa-nl-er»,  n        I 

w  -•  ..tii 'pa-ni-iii4 ni,  n      I.  Anything  that 

accompanies.    2.  .V/ut.    A  subordinate  part,  voice,  or  instru- 

'    Syru  see  appexdagi;  cibcchstance.— ac-com'pa- 


1  a    I      ii      ii      but,  t'OnO 

iii  i  ,.,.,,       on,     H 

ni-i.  •.  \  p<rfonner  who  plays  or  sings  the  aeoonv 

■ 

I.     -I     Mill       I'll.    .     .  |. 

1.  -.  ..in  pi  In  .  prin- 

v  .'  .    \  helper,  in   i 

I  omplloc,  •    i.. 

■ 

14    -4    Mill   '  1>  |  1  -  |  |    .1  |  .        |    ,, 

'.'.   i ..  bi  ing  i  o  •  ■ .  i  ii  j  .1.  ■  - 

I      '  tO,  '  '    OMPI   |    |  |  ,   ,    | 

i  impli  te,  consummate,  dlsi  h  u  go,  .i". 
h.  fulfil,  perforin,  realise.    Perform  and 
th  Imp)}  working  toward  tbeond;  bui  4 

Ing, « tilled . 

though!  of  fun  completion,     in  1 gfellow's 

lines,  "  r.i  Ii  m  ■■;  accompli  ih  <  hj  labor,"  etc.,  r>  rform  oould 
not  bo  substituted  wltbou  Is  between  1  amplett 

and  a  lers  rather  the  thing  as  done; 

ibe  whole  process  4.f  doing  It,     AcMevi     to  4/. 
something  worthy  of  a  chief    signifies  always  to  p 

ome worthy  1  cploll ,    Bee  nun; 

se-com'pUsb-a-bl  > ■■.        ae-eom'pUshed,  pa,     1. 
1     '!.  1  Completed;  oonsummated. 

in        ar-ii.lll  pll-li-lllilll,  n.    I.  An  acCOm- 

■    1  ompletlon    '.'.  An  aoqulromi 
talnment.  B  tn  tixuiN  1.  1  tn 

.11  -I'.,  in  pi ',  eto,    Same  as  account,  eto.     ac-eompto't. 

ar-roril' ,  1    .;  2      eoTd',        1. 1.    1.  To  render  as 

■;.  I',,  luinu  in  an  agreement,   II.  i. 
barmoniie;  assent.     |  ■ ,   I..'  ad,  to. 
(fiord-),  heart. I    Syn„'S4i-  m.hi  ■;  \   -1  %  r.—  ac-cord'a-l.l  1    , 
O.— ar-rord'er,  n. 

ac-i-oril ',  ,•:.  l.  1  [  innony,  as  of  sentiment,  action,  sounds, 
colors,  etc;  reconciliation;  agreement.   ''•  Sponl 
impulse;  choio      -i.   Hut.  The  series  of  notes  to  which 
an  instrument  is  tuned;  a  chord;  harmony, 

Synj  see  harmony. — ae-eor'dance,  n.  Agreement;  har- 
mony. Syn.:  see  11  uimiinv.- ac-cor'daiif,  0.  Consonant; 
harmonious. — ac-cor'dant-l> ,  mi< ■ . 

ac-cord'lnu,  1  a-kord'in;  2  a-c6rd'ing.  I.  go.  liiitiK  in  ao- 
oordance,  . >r  agreement;  harmonising.  II.  adv.  Agree- 
ably; conformably;  ju-t. — according  as,  agreeably  to; 
Just  as. — a.  to,  In  accordance  with;  In  conformity  to;  as 
.st:inii  or  believed  by. — accord Ing-Iy,  adv.  in  a  conform- 
able manner;  suitably;  con  .'ti.:  see THBBEFOBC. 

ar-cor'dl-on,  1  a-keVdi-en;  2  a-edr'di-on,  n.  A  portable 
lri-4 -riiil  musical  wind-instrument.  [<  It.  accordare  = 
ai  1  OBD,  r.] 

ac-cosi    ,  1  .i-ko-t';  2  a-e6st',  vt.  1.  To  speak  to;  ad 
'•i  .  To  approach;  assail.   [<  F.  accoster,<  L.  ad,  to,  + 
.  rib.]  Syn.:  see  &DOBI 
ai"roiiehe"ment',  1  a'kash'man';  2  ft'eush'mafi',  n.    Deliv- 
ery In  rhililbeil;  conlliiiiniiil .    (K.,  ult.  <  L.  ad,  to;  and  see 
'.  ""I 
ac"cou"cheur',  1  a'kQ'.'Oiur';  2  ii'cu'Ctiur',  n.  A  professional 
-Irian;  a  male  physician  wii4>  practises  obstetrics.  [F  I 
ac"eou"eheuse',  1  a'M'8hta';2ft'eu*chus'l  n.  A  mldffi 
ac-rount''1,  1  a-kauuf:  2  a-eounrj  v.  I.  (.  To  hold  to  I"-; 
ider;  estimate;  deem;  attribute;  count;  coo 
II.      I.  I     iiirnish  or  receive  an  accounting;  give  a  reck- 
oning (with  or  to  a  person  for  a  thing);  answer,    2.  To 
give  a  rational  explanation;  refi  lause  or  natu- 

ral law:  followed  by  for.   [  <  L.0'  ad,  to,  +  computo;  see 
:  a]     Syil.:  see  calculate. 
ar-roiint ',  ,,.     1.  A  record  of  a  transaction;  recki 
computation;  any  narrative,  statement,  or  description; 
mental  record;  notice.    "'.  A  Btatemenl  "i  reasons;  ex- 
planation. ;<•  The  ai-t  or  t i in'-  of  rendering  a  reckoning; 
judgment.    4.  Consideration,  as  of  value;  importance; 
concern;  estimation;  esteem.    Syn.:  se.-  hibtobt;  bbason; 
BKPOBT.   -a<'-eount'a-bl(e'',42.     1.  Liable  to  be  called  to  :ir- 
.  responsible.     2.  Capable  Of  being  accounted  for  or 
■  a.      .u-counfa-biri-t),  n      se-eoont'a>bl(e- 
iieNs';.  Svii.:  m  4UITV.  ---ae-eoiiiil  'a-bly.adti.— ac-roun'- 
l.iii-rj ,  •      The  work  or  arl  of  an  aiiuiiniant.^ac-eoun'- 
tanl,  n.    '  me  ■■■  ho  keeps,  ivamines,  or  Is  skilled  In  accounts. 
ae-eoii'tcr,  1  1  a-k&'tsr;  2  fWu'ter,  of.     [-tkhed  or  -thi.u, 
ar-rmi  'Ire,       ■       08;   -ii.ii-i\i;   or   -hum;.]      To   furnish 
wiili  ilri--H  or  trappings;  equip.    [<  P.  <>,  to  or  for,  + 
coulre,  <   L.  cuMtos,  keeper.)— ae-eou'ter-ment,  ae-eou'- 
ir.-iiiiiit,  n.  Equipment;  apparel;  dress;  trappings:  chiefly 
used  In  plural;  also,  the  act  of  accoulerlng.    Syn.:  see  capabi- 

ar-cred'it  •',  l  a-kred'it;  2  a-ertd'it,  vt.  1.  To  give  credit 
to;  believe.  Z.  To  furnish  or  send  with  credentials.  [< 
'.  to;  and  see  credit,  n.\  to  accredit  with  (some- 
tiiint:),  to  attribute  (something)  to. 

ac-erete',  1  a-krit';  2  ii-cret',  r.  [AC-f,'RKT'F.D;  aC-CEET/- 
r.i.  ]  I.J.  To  add;  cause  to  adhere.  II.  i.  To  grow,  or 
be  brought,  together,  by  adhesion;  be  added.     [<  L. 


1:»  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    an -out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cShin;    go;    n  =  sing;   thin,  this.       accidental 

9      2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,    rifle,    cure,   but,    burn;   oil,  hoy;  go,   gem;    ink;    thin,    this,      achromatic 


accretus,  pp.  of  accresco,  Increase,  <  ad,  to,  +  cresco,  grow. 

— ac-crete',  a.     1.  Formed  or  marked  by  accretions.    2. 

Bot.    Grown  together:  said  of  parts  normally  separate. 
ac-cre'tion,  1  a-kri's"han;  2  a-cre'shon,  n.    1.  Growth  or 

formation  by  external  additions;  increase  by  adhesion 

or  inclusion;  an  accumulation  or  external  addition.    2. 

Pathol.    Abnormal  adhesion  or  growing  together.    3||. 

Increase  by  natural  growth.     [<  L.  ad,  to,   +  cresco, 

grow.]    Syn.:  see  increase.  — ac-cre'tlv(e8,  a. 
ac-crue',  1  a-krfj';  2  a-eru',  vi.   [ac-crued';  ac-cru'ing.] 

I.  To  come  as  a  natural  result  or  increment,  as  by 
growth,  business,  etc.;  arise  as  an  addition,  accession, 
or  advantage ;  accumulate.  2.  Law.  To  become  vested. 
[<  L.f  ad,  to,  +  cresco,  grow.] — ac-cru'ai,  n.  ac-crue'- 
mentt;  ac-cru'menti. 

ac-crue',  re.  1.  A  loop  or  false  mesh  in  network,  which  in- 
creases the  number  of  meshes  in  a  given  row.  2f.  An  incre- 
ment; accession.  [F.,  orig.  pp.  f.  of  accroUre,<  L.  accresco; 
see  accrue,  v.] 

ac"cu-ba'tion,  1  ak'yu-be'slian;  2  ac'yu-ba'shon,  re.  1.  The 
act  or  position  of  reclining,  as  anciently  at  meals.  2.  Med. 
Accouchement.  [  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  cubo,  lie  down.] 

ac-cum'bent,  1  a-kum'bent;  2  a-cum'bent,  a.  1.  Lying 
down;  recumbent.  2.  Bot.  Lying  against  something,  as 
a  cotyledon  against  a  radicle.  [<  L.  ad,  to,  +  cubo,  lie 
down.] 

ac-cu'mu-late,  1  a-Mu'rniu-let;  2  a-eu'mu-lat,  v.  [-lat"- 
EDd;  -lat"ing.]  I.f.  To  heap  or  pile  up;  amass;  collect. 

II.  t.  To  increase,  as  profits,  etc. ;  also,  to  amass  wealth. 
[<  L.  ad,  to,  +  cumulus,  heap.]     Syn.:  see  amass. 

— ae-cu"mu-la'tlon,  re..  An  amassing;  Increase;  a  col- 
lected mass.  Syn.:  see  heap;  stock. — ac-cu'mu-la-tiv(es, 
a.  Serving  or  tending  to  accumulate;  accumulating;  cumu- 
lative. 

ac-cu'mu-la"tor,  1  a-kiu'miu-le"ter;  2  a-eu'mu-la"tor,  n. 
A  person  or  thing  that  accumulates;  espe- 
cially, a  power=storing  hydraulic  apparatus 
a  storage  battery  or  cell,  a  Leyden  jar,  c 
condenser,  or  an  elastic  section  in  a  trace 
chain,  or  rope. 

ac'cu-ra-cy,  1  ak'yu-ra-si;  2  ae'yu-ra-ey,  re 
The  quality  of  being  accurate;  exactness 
correctness. 

ac'cu-rate,   1   ak'yu-nt;    2    ac'yu-rat,    a. 

Conforming  exactly  to  truth  or  to  a  stand-  Electric  Ac- 
ard;  precise;  exact;  correct.     [<  L.  ad,  to,    cumulator. 
+  cura,  care.]    Syn.:  see  correct;  precise.      (Battery  and  Ceil.) 
— ac'cu-rate-ly,|adc. — ac'cu-rate-ness,n. 

ac-curs'ed,  1  a-kurs'ed  or  a-kurst';  2  a-curs'Sd  or  &- 
curst',  a.  1.  Doomed  to,  deserving,  or  causing  a  curse; 
cursed;  wretched;  detestable;  miserable.  2||.  Set  apart, 
as  for  God,  or  for  destruction.  [Properly  acursed,  < 
AS.  a-  intens.  +  curslan,  curse.] 

ac"cu-sa'tion,  1  ak"yu-ze'shan;  2  ac"yu-sa'shon,  n.  1. 
A  charge  of  crime  or  misconduct;  an  indictment.  2.  The 
act  of  accusing,  or  the  state  of  being  accused;  arraign- 
ment, ac-cu'salj. 

ac-cu'sa-tiv(es,  1  a-kiu'za-tiv;  2  a-cu'ga-tiv.  Gram.  I.  a. 
Denoting,  in  inflected  languages,  the  relation  of  the 
direct  object  of  a  verb  or  the  goal  toward  which  its  ac- 
tion is  directed;  objective.  ac-cu'sa-tiv"al|.  II.  n. 
The  case  of  Latin  and  Greek  nouns  corresponding  to  the 
English  objective.  [  <  L.  arrusativus  (Gr.  aitiatikc,  lit. 
the  case  'of  accusing',  ohjecting;  object,  'effect'),  <  accuso; 
see  accuse.]— ac-cu'sa-tlvCe-ly,  adv. 

ac-cuse',  1  a-kiQz';  2  a-cus/,  v.    [ac-cused';  ac-cus'ing.] 

1.  t.  To  charge  with  crime,  fault,  or  error;  censure;  usu- 
ally with  of,  the  offense  being  .specified.  II.  i.  To  make 
accusation;  bring  charges.  [  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  causa,  cause 
(inlaw).]     Syn.:  see  arraign;  blame. 

— ac-cu"sa-to'rl-aI,  a.  Pertaining  to  an  accuser. — ac- 
cu'sa-to-ry,  a.  Pertaining  to  an  accusation;  accusing. — 
ac-cused',  re.  One  against  whom  a  charge  Is  made. — ac- 
cus'cr,  re.  One  who  or  that  which  accuses. 

ac-cus'tom,  1  a-kus'tam;  2  3,-eus'tom,  vt.  To  make  famil- 
iar by  use;  habituate  or  inure.  [  <  L.OF  ad,  to;  and  see 
custom.]— ac-cus'tomed,  a.  Habitual;  usual.  Syn.:  see 
addicted;  habitual;  usual. 

ace,  1  es;  2  ac,  n.  1.  A  single  spot,  as  on  a  playing-card  or 
die;  a  card  or  side  of  a  die  so  marked;  a  unit;  particle. 

2.  Bad  luck;  loss;  the  worst;  also  the  best.  [<  L.  as, 
unit,  <  as.  Tarentine  form  of  Gr.  heis,  one.] 

a-cen"su-a-dor',  1  a-thcn"su-a-dor';   2  ii-then'su-ii-dor',  n . 

An  annuitant.     (Sp.  Am.] 
a-cen'tric,  1  §-een  tnk;  2  a-cSn'tri*,  a.  Without  a  cento  i  ; 

not  in,  or  directed  from,  a  center, 
-a'ceotis,  suffix.  Of  the  nature  of;  belonging  or  pertaining 

to;  like;  as,  cretaceous,  chalky.     [  <   L.  -actus,  of  the 

nature  of,  + -ous.]    -a'ceanj. 


a-ceph'a-lous, )  1  a-sef'a-lus;  2  a-ggf'a-lus,  a.   Headless; 

a-cef'a-lousp,  )  having  no  ruler;  lacking  proper  begin- 
ning. [  <  Gr.  akephalos,  headless.] — A-ceph  'a-la,  n.  pi. 
A  class  of  headless  mollusks;  bivalves.  A-ceph"a-lae'aj. — 
ac'e-phal,  a.  &  re. — a-ceph 'a-lan,  a.  &  re. 

ac'e-rate,  1  as'i-ret;  2  ac'e-rat,  a.  Needle=pointed.  ac'e- 
rafedj. 

a-cerb',  1  a-surb';  2  a-eerb',  a.  Sour  and  astringent;  harsh; 
sharp.     [<  L.  acerbus,  <  acer,  sharp.]     Syn.:  see  bitter. 

— ac'er-bate,  vt.     [-bat*ed;  -bat*ing.]    To  make  sour; 
embitter;  exasperate. — ac'er-bate,  a. 

a-cer'bi-ty,  1  a-s&r'bi-ti;  2  a-cer'bi-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi.] 
Sourness,  as  of  temper,  etc.;  harshness;  sharpness,  a- 
cer'bi-tudej.     Syn.:  see  acrimony. 

ac'e-rose,  1  as'i-ros;2  ac'e-ros,  a.  1.  Bot.  Needle«shaped.  2§. 
Chaffy.  [<  L.  acerosus,  <  acus,  chaff;  confused  with  acus, 
needle.]  ac'e-rous1!. 

ac'e-rous^,  1  as'i-rus;  2  ac'e-rus.  a.  1.  Having  rudimentary 
or  no  antennae.  2.  Hornless.   [  <  Gr.  a-  priv.  +  keras.  horn'.] 

a-ces'cent,  1  a-ses'ent;  2  a-ces'ent.  I.  a.  Becoming  or 
tending  to  become  sour;  slightly  sour.  II.  re.  That  which 
is  slightly  acid.  [  <  L.  acescen(t-)s,  ppr.,  <  acco,  be  sour.] 
— a-ces'cence,  n.  Acetous  fermentation. — a-ces'cen-cy, 
re.   Slight  sourness. 

ac'e-tate,  1  as'i-tet;  2  ac'e-tat,  n.  A  salt  of  acetic  acid. 

a-cet'ic,  1  a-set'ik;  2  a-cet'ic,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  like 
vinegar;  sour.  [  <  L.  acetum,  vinegar,  <  aceo,  be  sour] 
— acetic  acid,  a  colorless,  pungent,  mobile  liquid  (C2H4O2). 
Vinegar  is  a  dilute  and  impure  acetic  acid  produced  by  fer- 
mentation. 

a-cet'i-fy,  1  a-set'i-fai;  2  a-egt'i-fy,  v.  [-fied;  -fy"ing]  I. 
t.  To  convert  into  acid  or  vinegar.  II.  i.  To  become 
acid;  change  into  vinegar.  [  <  acetum  +  -FY.] — a-cet"- 
i-fi-ca'tion,  n. 

ac"e-tim'e-ter,  1  as"i-tim'i-tar;  2  ae"e-tim'e-ter,  re.  An  in- 
strument for  ascertaining  the  strength  of  acetic  acid  or 
vinegar.  [<  acetum  +  Gr.  metron,  measure.]  ac"e-tom'- 
e-terj. — ac"e-ti-met'ri-cal,  a. — ac"e-tim'e-try,  re. 

ac'e-tous,  1  as'i-tus;  2  Mc'e-tus,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or 
producing  acetic  acid;  sour,    ac'e-toset.    Syn.:  see  bitter. 

a-ce'tum,  1  a-si'tum;  2  a-ce'tum,  n.  Vinegar.  [L.,  <  aceo,  be 
sour.] 

a-cet'y-Iene,  1  a-set'i-lln;  2  a-c8t'y-len,  re.  A  brilliant  il- 
luminating gas  of  the  hydrocarbon  group  produced  by 
the  action  of  water  upon  certain  carbon  compounds. 

A-chas'a,  1  a-ki'a;  2  a-ce'a,  re.  1.  A  district  of  N.  Peloponnesus, 
Greece.  2.  Loosely,  Greece. — A-ch3e'an,  a.  &  re.  A-cliai- 
ant. 

A-cha'tes,  1  a-ke'tlz;  2  a-ca'tes,  n.  In  Vergil's  ASneid,  the 
faithful  friend  of  ^Eneas. 

ache,  1  ek;  2  ae.   I.  vi.   [ached4;  ach'ing.]  To  suffer  dull, 
continued  pain.  II.  n.  A  local.jduO,  and  protracted  pain. 
[  <  AS.  ocore,  ache.]     ake  ; . 
Syn.:  see  agony. — ach'er.  n. — ach'ing,  pa.&n.    -Iy,  adv. 

a-che'ni-um,  1  a-kl'ru-um;  2  a-ce'ni-um,  re.  [-ni-a,  pi.)  Bot. 
A  small,  dry,  Indehlscent  pericarp  t"^M'  i$t.*n 

containing  one  seed,  as  in  the  but-      j^i^^K»ffiifesk 
tercup.     [<    <ir.   a-,    not,   4-  clininO,  ' 

yawn.]  a-clia>'iil-uiii  J :  a-clienc'l;     ;' 
a-kene't;      st-ke'iii-uiiif.    —    a-    ■ 
che'-ni-al,  a.  ./  ;  I  vii«,i>'      '  ! 

Ach'e-ron,  1  ak'i-ron;  2 
ac'e-r6n,  re.  Gr.  Myth.  1. 
A  river  of  Hades.  2.  Hades. 

a-chiev(e'p,  1  a-criiv';  2 
a-chev',j).  [a-chiev(e)d's; 
a-chiev'ing.]  I.  t.  To  ' 
accomplish  by  valor,  skill, 
perseverance,  etc. ;  per- 
form; finish;  win.  II.  i. 
To  accomplish  something; 
attain  an  object.  [  <  F. 
achever,  >  a  chef,  to  an  end.] 
Syn.:  see  accomplish; 
tain;  effect;  gain;    get; 

8UCCKKI)  *"  'n  °'u6t(1r.     2.  In  bead.     .'I.   D^tuhsd, 

— a-chlcv'a-bl(eP,rt.— a-chlcv(c'inont»,  re.  1.  A  note- 
worthy and  successful  action  or  a  distinguished  feat.  2. 
Hit.  An  escutcheon.  Syn.:  see  act;  career;  end;  victory; 
work.—  a-clilev'er,  n. 
A-cliil'les.  1  8-kll'Iz;  2  a-cll'ea,  n.  [L.]  The  foremost  Greek 
hero  (if  the  Ili:id;  slayer  of  Hector. 

a-chline',  1  B-(fhalin';2a-ohIm',  a.  &adv.  Chiming;  In  a  online. 

A-chlt'o-phel,  1  B-klt'orfel;  2  n-cit'o-fei.  „.     m   Dryden's 

Absalom  and  Achttophel  a  caricature  ol  1  uni  Shaftesbury, 

A-liilli'n-pliel;   (Bib.). 

ach"ro-iiiat'ic,  1  ak"ro-mat'ik;2ae"ro-mat'ie1  a.  1.  Free 
from  oolor  or  iridescence;  1  ransmitting  pure  white  light, 
asalens.  2.  Resisting  the  usual  staining  agents.  :i.  \(us. 
Unmodulated;  without  accidentals.  |  <  Gr.  a-,  without, 
+  chrdma,  color.]—  a-chro'ma-t Ism,  n.  The  state  or  qual- 


"  Plumed  Achcniaof  Dandelion. 


"                              I                      I            •            .          '  I      •       I          ,.              B     mit.Ar;    fu'l.  rOI.-;    I. Ill    LOnr 
'      I  •  •.  'i  i  i  >,.  won,' 


»-rhr..    mi-lh    l-u  :        .»- ■  li r. .  - 

r   achromatic 


ii-luiu. 


Si  l<  ul.i 

*•  (u.ir) 


BBS- Iter, 

a-<hr.i  in 
a-rlr  u-l». 

I 

i  like  mi  arid 
III  '.'.  \  mnd  of 

l-i  II    - 

l 

i.    id-lj  .  i.    - 

I  1-u.   --. 

•»-!  l<l  l-(  > .  \..  ]   I. 

1 1 
.1-. 'hi    l-ll     i-lil   t   ,  H-cld- 

duclng  an  acid  or  acidity; 

-i-i  id  i-n-i  i  Hon,         .i-Hili-irvr. 

if  "i-illni    .  -I.  r. 

P»r»  ■  with  of  acids  vin    • 

n     l-.ll-MH  I    rlr.  ;ir"l-(ll-inct '- 

..     l-.|lmV-in  . 

■■-i>.  I  1.1  ■    orqual- 

.'. 
.  baae  with  refi  renoe  to  an  acid. 

arld-m--    . 
i-rUlii-l.il.  .  .-cM'yu-l.'it.  rt.    [-i  ■ 

id;  figuratively,  to 
an  id  u-l.i  'don, 
.-i"ii-.  Slightly 

:  IEB. 
»r  l-(..riii.  i     [<   L. 

-    terlsed  by;  given  to;  as, 

pusrwri   us.   [<  1. 

»r"Wii.n»  •.   ■    i  oacki  a-know't. 

ar-UiioMleilti-.  1  ak-nel'ej;  2  &e-nfil'edg,  U.     [- 

-ota  )   To  own  <.r  admit  as  obligatory,  genuine,  or 
:  .confess;  avow;  certify.  (  <  Aa  —  know  i.i  i.. .:   ] 
Synj  accept,  admit,  avow,  certify.  concede,   quh'- 
dorse,  irrar.' 

Ignore,  repudiate. 
ac'knoH  I  ec|i:,-.i-l,l  •    .         :n    know  I  Vd«-cr,  n. 
.ii  -kiiiiwreii^-iiieiii.  :  il'ej-menl  or  -orient;  2  ae- 

og;  avowal  ;con- 

ipt ;  in 

law,  a  for-  mpetent  authority, 

declaration,     ac- 
knoH  i  'i-iiu.  -on  hi   .       dc see apology. 
ii    no  .  point,  or  sum- 

max    [<  lr  ) 
i<    in  .  1  ak'ai;  2  ac'ne.  n.    An  eruptive  sklii-dlscasc. 

.-•int.) 
i-i  oi  k  .  .  I.         1  iguratively,  alert ; 

II.  adt.    In  a  ■  oner  or  position;  as. 

Mil.  1  a-kok'bll;  2  I. 

■•  chain,  ready  for  dropping:  said  of  the  anchor.    '-. 
Tipped  up  at  an  angle  wit  I, 

r  Poel      <  "ill  chilly. 
ae'O-Jjrte,  1  .,•'•!-.'.  I  o.- assls- 

dutles,  as  at  t  tie 

I 
ar'o-l)  th:;  ar'o-l>  the 
\"r,,n-ea  'Klia.   I   <:'■ 

-UN    . 


10 


:      it  in  the 


: 
■ 
\ 

i-i  nn'lr,    n. 

ed    to 
aconl'<      ar"o-nli '-!«-:. 

"l-u.  i'tum;  2  ^ 

crow- 
iily  (fianur 
eluding  several  dm  . 

i  Him,    .  .       ■    rn,    « 

fixed  in  a  woody  cup.     [  <  AS.  xctrn, 


.  Br 


Aconltum. 

} :   »rr  nd  lr*f. 


I     ,   i.|->-ll      dllll.        1        .       i    ...     ,     ': 

[  DONS  ..r     i...   m  -.    I     .i  |    I.  A   piaill 

without   cotyledons  or  seed*!  w   |  \  |   pi       I  In 

ramta     [<    \"  i   cotyubdon.]     »-oot*y»le'- 
do-nou  -. 

'  phom  .  \ ii  iiiiiriiiiMi 

produce  and   i  ( ir.  akouo,  liear.     | 

.l-koll    |ll 

•  1--  oii>   in  .    |  •  ...      k.iu-'|lik;  8     I  .  i   ']i  i . 

I.  dning  t"  the  aei  hearing,  the 

i   the  thine,  hi  ii. I;  adapt  .1  for 

n  .\  ing  sound  or  aid  1 1.         u.  ./      \n\ 

medicine  or  appliance  to  help  the  hi  tring.     |<  (ir. 

a-eoiis'll-ral    .      a-COUS'tlC8, 

n    I.  linn  branch  or  phj  ties  which  treats  of  the  phen ina 

and  laws  nf  sound.   •.*.  i  be  soundVproduolng  qualltli  i  ol  an 
auditorium. 
.n-i|ii.iiii( '  ,  l  a-kwent';  2  a-kv.  L  ike  fa- 

miliar or  conversant;  cause  to  know;  inform    followed 
.  to  <!•  quaint  oni  -■  li  with  i hi   facl  ■     llj.  a, 
anted.    III.  n,    An  aoquaintana      |      I        oaf,  to, 
.  « itii.   i   gno  co,  know.] 
ac-qumtn'tance,  l  b  kwi  kw&n'tano,  ".     l. 

Knowledge  ol  any  pei  ion  or  thing,   '*.  \  pi  i  i  per- 

a  ii  ii  h  hi  .in  one  is  acquainted. 
Svn.:  association,  companionship,  experience,  familiarity, 
fellowship,  friendship.  Intimacy,  knowledge.  Acquaint 

t  wit  1 1  persona  is  mutual,  assuming  that  each  knows  tl thor. 

AcQuaintanct  IslesBthan/amtifarffyor  Intimacy.  Aequo 

">t  Involve  Ati  ndship,  for  one  may  be  well  acquainted 
with  an  enemy.  FeOotuMp  Involves  nol  merel)  acquaintance 
and  companiontMp,  but  sympathy  as  well.  There  d 
pleasant  felloiMhipvThleh  docs  nol  reach  the  fulness  ot/riend- 
sMp.  <  lompare  i  bundbbip;  va\  ■.  As  regards  studies,  pur- 
suits, etc.,  acquaintance  Is  less  than  famCaarlty,  which  sup 
minute  bnotetedae  ol  particulars,  arising  often  frm:: 
long  experience  or  atsociation.—Aixte  Ignorance,  Ignoring, 
tnexperlenoe,  unfamillarity. — Prep.:  Acquaintance  with  a 
subject;  of  one  person  nUh  another;  between  persons, 

ac-qaaln'tanee-shlp,  a,  same  as  acqUAtNTANcn,  i. 

ae-i|iialii'tau-e)  ;. 

ae-qaest',  l  a-kwest';  2  a-kweef,  n.  An  act  of  acquiriiiK;  con- 

quest.    [!•'..  <  L.  acquiro,  Aryi-iiiK.l 

ac"qui-esce',  1  ak"wi-cs';  2  ae*wi-eVf  vi.  [-esced'1;  -i  bi •'- 

in.;.]  To  tacitly  consent  or  concur;  ace,  pi ;  asseni ;  com- 

<  I,,  ml,  to.  •)•  quiet,  rest. I    Syn.:  see  aokkk:  as- 

ac"qui-es'ceiiee,    n.      (iulet   Bubmlsslon;    pa     Ive 

■:  followed  by  In,  formerly  to.  ae"qul-es'een-cyt. — 

ac"(jiil-es'eciil.  0.   -ly,  ado. 

ac-quire',  1   a-kwoir';  2  a-kwlr',  vt.     [ac-oi  ihii/;    \.  - 

quih'ino.]  To  obtain  by  search,  endeavor,  or  purchase; 

oners  own;  receive;  gain.   [<  L.  ad,  to,  +  g 
seek.)    Syn.:  see  attain;  oain;  OBT;  i.kaun. 

— ac-qulr'a-bl(ep,a.  That  may  be  acquired.— ae-qulre'- 
nient.n.  The  act  of  acquiring;  an  acquired  power  or  attri- 
bute; attainment.  Syn.:  sec  vitwwii-.ni'. -  ae-qulr'er,  n. — 
ac"qiii-->riion, n.  I.  The  act  of  acquiring,  'i.  Anything 
gained  or  won;  a  power  or  possession.   Syn.:  seeATTAi-. 

— ac-quls'l-tlv(e", a.   Able  or  Inclined  tO  acquire,  as  ie  . 

or  property,    -ly,  iut'\   -ness,  n.     ac-quist',  ;».    1.  The  acl 
,  tiring,    .?t.  An  acquisition;  naln. 
ac-quit',  1  a-kwit';  2  a-kwlt',  vl.     [ac-quit'ted11  or   \.  - 
gi  n';  \.  -..jun'i  inc. |  1.  To  tree  or  clear,  as  from  an  ac- 
ta >n;  declare  innocent;  exculpate;  exonerate.  "'.  To 
relieve,  as  oi  an  obligation;  absolve.    3.  Reflexively,  i" 
s .  a~.  he  «■  quitU  d  himself  with  credit.  4.  To  repaj  , 

as  a  debt,  favor,  etc.;  requite.    [<  L.*  ad,  to,  +  QU 

ii.i. 'i  i     Syn.:   see  &BB0LVX;  jistiiv;  i-akdhn.— ac- 
quit 'tal,  n.   'i  head  ot  acquitting,  or  the  state  ol  being  ac- 
quitted,   ac-qult'mentj.     ac-qull 'lance,  n,    Release  or 
from  Indebted  id  Ion  of  Indebtedne 

ttlon;  a  recelpl ;  an  acquittal,    ac-qolt'ter,  n. 
a'ere,  1  6'kar;  2  a'c-r,  „.     1.  A  measure  ol  land.  43,500 
square  fe.  I     'J.  A  field;  in  the  plural,  lands.    [<  as. 
■    l        God'S  aire,  a  burlal«nround.— a'crr-agc,  r». 
Area  ti  collectively. 

A'ere,  1  ."'k..r  nr  u'k.'ir;  2  a'cer  or  a'e.r,  n.    A  :-eaporl  in  Syria: 
p..p.  1 1,000;  besieged  by  crusaders  1 191;  by  Napoleon  1799 
ac'rid,   1  ak'nd;  2  ac'rid.     I.  a.     t>f  a  Cutting,  burning 
pungent;  bitter;  acrimonious.    II.  n.    An  irritanl 
[<.  i,.  aerie,  sharp.  Syn.:   ee  bitteib. 
ae-rld'l-ty,  n.    ac'rld-ness;.     ac'rld-ly,  adv. 
.•ic"ri-mn'nl-iius,  1  .ik"n-mo'ni-us;  2  ac"ri-mo'ni  ' 
Full  of  bitterness;   sarcastic;  rp:   morose 

mi).;  Mono-;.     ae"rl-mo'nl-ous-ly,  ado. — 
ae"rl-mi»'nl-ous-ness,  n. 
ac'rl-mo-ny,  1  ak'n-mo-m:  2  ae'ri-mo-ny,  n.   [-mi.sz.  pi  | 
Bharpness  or  bitterni    •  ol    peech  or  temper;  acridity. 
icr-),  sharp.] 
Syn.:  pi  ril . .    bil  ta  II . .    harsh- 

ness, n  ew,  severity,  sharpie 


II 


l:d  =  final;    l  =  habit;    able;    au  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  feud;    «fhin»    go;    rj  =  sire{/;    thin,    tllis. 
2:  wolf,  dg;   book,    boot;   lull,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


acicula 
actuary 


tartness,  unkindness,  virulence.  Acerbity  is  a  sharpness,  with 
a  touch  of  bitterness,  which  may  arise  from  momentary  an- 
noyance or  habitual  impatience;  asperity  is  keener  anrl  more 
pronounced,  denoting  distinct  irritation  or  vexation;  in 
speech  asperity  is  often  manifested  by  the  tone  of  voice 
rather  than  by  the  words  that  are  spoken.  Acrimony  springs 
from  settled  character  or  deeply  rooted  feeling  of  aversion 
or  unkindness.  Malignity  is  the  extreme  of  settled  ill  intent; 
virulence  is  an  envenomed  hostility.  Virulence  is  outspoken; 
malignity  may  be  covered  with  smooth  and  courteous  phrase. 
We  say  intense  virulence,  deep  malignity.  Severity  is  always 
painful,  and  may  be  terrible,  but  carries  ordinarily  the  im- 
plication, true  or  false,  of  justice.  Compare  anger;  bitter; 
enmity. — Ant.:  amiability,  courtesy,  gentleness,  good 
nature,  kindness,  mildness,  suavity,  smoothness,  sweetness, 
tenderness. 
acTo-,  1  ak'ro-;  2  ac'ro-.  From  Greek  akros,  topmost:  a 
combining  form  denoting  situation,  motion,  growth,  etc.,  at 
the  top. 
ac'ro-bat,  1  ak'ro-bat;  2  ac'ro-bat,  n.  One  who  practises 
rope=dancing,  lofty  tumbling,  etc.;  hence,  one  who 
makes  surprizing  political  or  other  changes.  [<  Gr. 
akrobatos,  walking  on  tiptoe,  <  akros,  tip,  +  balno,  go.] — 
ac"ro-bat'ic,  a.  Pertaining  to  an  acrobat.  ac"ro-bat'l- 
calf..— ac"ro-bat'i-cal-ly,  adv. 
ac'ro-gen,  1  ak'ro-jen;  2  ac'ro-ggn,  re.  Bot.  An  organism 
growing  at  the  apex  only,  as  ferns,  mosses,  etc.  [  <  acro-  + 
-gen.]— ac"ro-gen'ic,  a.  Growing  at  the  apex,  as  certain 
cryptogams  and  zoophytes,  a-crog'e-noust. 
a-cron'ych,  1  a-kren'ik;  2  a-eron'yc,  a.  Astron.  Rising  or  oc- 
curring at  sunset:  said  of  a  star  or  of  its  rising.  Sometimes 
incorrectly  spelled  achronic,  achronical.  [<  Gr.  akronychos, 
at  nightfall,  <  akros,  tip,  -f  nyx,  night.]  a-cron'ic):; 
a-cron'1-calj;  a-cron'y-chalt. 
a-crop'e-tal,  1  a-krep'i-tal;  2  a-crop'e-tal,  a.  Developing 
from  the  base  upward  toward  the  apex,  as  certain  forms  of 
inflorescence.  [<  acro-  +  L.  pelo,  seek.J — a-crop'e-tal- 
ly,  adv. 
a-crop'o-lis,  1  a-krep'o-lis;  2  a-erop'o-lis,  n.  The  citadel 


Acropolis  of  Athens,  bearing  ruins  of  the  Parthenon. 

of  an  ancient  Greek  city,  especially  [A-]  that  of  Athens. 
[<  Gr.  akros,  highest,  4-  polls,  city.] 

ac'ro-spire,  1  ak'ro-spair;  2  ac'ro-spir,  n.  The  first  sprout 
from  germinating  or  malted  grain;  the  first  leaf  above 
ground.  [  <  Gr.  akros,  highest,  +  speira,  coil.] 

a-cross',  1  a-kreV;  2  a-cros'.  I.  adv.  From  one  side  to  the 
other;  over;  transversely;  at  the  other  side;  crosswise. 
II.  prep.  From  one  side  to  the  other  side  of;  over;  on 
the  other  side  of;  beyond.  [  <  a-1  4-  cross,  n.] 

a-cros'tic,  1  a-kres'ttk;  2  a-cros'tic,  re.  Pros.  A  poem  or 
other  composition  in  which  initial  or  other  letters,  taken 
in  order,  form  a  word  or  phrase.  [  <  Gr.  akros,  end,  + 
stichos,  line.] — a-cros 'tic,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  characterized 
by  an  acrostic,     a-cros 'tl-cal  J. — a-cros 'tl-cal-ly,  adv. 

act'1,  1  akt;  2  act,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  perform  on  or  as  on  the 
stage;  play;  feign;  play  the  part  of.  2.  To  carry  out  or 
fulfil  (a  purpose,  command,  or  enterprise) ;  do;  formerly, 
to  actuate.  II.  i.  1.  To  put  forth  power;  produce  move- 
ment or  effect.  2.  To  conduct  (oneself) ;  behave;  do.  3. 
To  perform  on  or  as  on  the  stage.  4.  To  be  employed 
temporarily  in  some  office  or  capacity;  as,  the  aid  acts 
fur  his  general.  [<  L.  actus,  pp.  of  ago,  do.] — act'lng. 
I.  pa.  Operating  or  officiating,  especially  In  place  Of  another; 
as,  acting  president.  II.  n.  Action;  performance,  as  of  a 
part  In  a  play. 

act,  n.    1.  The  exertion  of  power,  bodily  or  mental;  some- 
thing done;  a  deed.   2.  A  section  of  a  drama;  the  largest 
division  of  a  play  or  opera.    3.  An  enactment  or  edict 
4.  A  written  record  or  thesis. 

Syn.:  accomplishment,  achievement,  action,  consumma- 
tion, deed,  doing,  effect,  execution,  exercise,  exertion,  ex- 
ploit, feat,  iriut Ion,  movement,  operation,  performance,  pro- 
ceeding, transaction,  work.  Act  Is  single,  Individual,  mo- 
mentary, action  a  complex  of  acts,  or  a  process,  mate,  or 
habit  of  exerting  power.  We  say  a  virtuous  act,  but  rather  a 


virtuous  course  of  action.  Act  and  deed  are  both  used  for  the 
thing  done,  but  act  refers  to  the  power  put  forth,  deed  to  the 
result  accomplished;  as,  a  voluntary  act,  a  bad  deed.  Deed  is 
commonly  used  of  great,  notable,  and  impressive  acts,  as  are 
achievement,  exploit,  and  feat.  A  feat  exhibits  strength,  skill, 
personal  power,  whether  mental  or  physical,  especially  the 
latter;  as,  a,  feat  of  arms,  a  feat  of  memory.  Achievement  is 
the  doing  of  something  great  and  noteworthy;  an  exploit  is 
brilliant,  but  its  effect  may  be  transient;  an  achievement  is 
solid,  and  its  effect  enduring.  See  exercise;  motion. — Ant.: 
cessation,  deliberation,  endurance,  Immobility,  inaction,  in- 
activity, inertia,  passion  (in  philosophic  sense),  quiescence, 
quiet,  repose,  rest,  suffering,  suspension. 

act.,  abbr.     Acting,  active. 

ac'ta,  1  ak'ta;  2  ac'ta,  n.  pi.  Acts,  proceedings,  or  records.  [L.] 

Ac-tae'on,  1  ak-tl'an;  2  ac-te'on,  re.   Gr.  Myth.   A  hunter  who 

surprized  Diana  bathing  and  was  turned  by  her  Into  a  stag. 

ac'tln-,      )  1  ak'tin-,  ak'ti-m-,  ak'ti-no-;  2  ac'tin-,  ac'ti-ni-, 

ac'tl-nl-,  >  ac'ti-no-.  fc  From    Greek    aktis.  ray:    combining 

ac'tl-no-, )  forms  denoting:  (1)  Zool.  A  radiate  structure  or 
the  presence  of  tentacles.  (2)  Chem.  Relation  to  light-rays, 
as  promoting  chemical  action. — ac'tl-nal,  a.  Zool.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  the  oral  region  of  a  radiate. — ac-tin'1-a,  n. 
An  animal-flower;  sea-anemone. 

ac-tin'ic,  1  ak-tin'ik;  2  ac-tin'ic,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  ac- 
tinism. 2.  Potent  to  effect  chemical  changes  by  radiant 
energy.  [<  Gr.  aktis  (aktin-),  beam.]  ac-tin'i-cal|. — 
ac-tin'I-cal-ly,  adv. — ac 'tin-ism,  n.  1.  The  property  of 
radiant  energy  (luminous  and  non-luminous)  which  effects 
chemical  changes;  also,  the  production  of  such  change.  2t. 
The  radiation  of  heat  or  light.—  ac-tin'i-um,  n.  Chem.  A 
radioactive  substance  discovered  In  pitchblende  In  1900. — 
ac'ti-noid,  a.  Having  the  form  of  rays;  radiate,  as  a  star- 
fish. [  +  Gr.  eidos,  form.] — Ac"ti-no-zo'a,  re.  pi.  A  division 
of  ccelenterates  embracing  the  sea-aneniones,  coral-polyps, 
and  allied  forms.  [+  Gr.  zbon,  life.] — ac"ti-no-zo'aI,  a. — 
ac"ti-no-zo'an,  re. 

ac'tion,  1  ak'slian;  2  ac'shon,  n.  1.  The  process  of  acting 
or  doing;  operation;  activity.  2.  The  manner  or  mode  of 
acting.  3.  The  thing  done;  deed.  4.  A  course  of  events, 
as  in  a  drama;  a  battle;  suit  at  law.  5.  A  mechanism  by 
means  of  which  power  is  exerted.  [<  L.  actio(n-),  < 
ago,  do.]  Syn.:  see  act;  battle;  behavior;  exercise; 
motion;  operation;  transaction;  work. — ac'tlon-a- 
bl(ep,  a.  Affording  ground  for  prosecution,  as  a  trespass  or 
a  libel,  -bly,  adv. 

Ac'ti-um,  1  ak'slu-um;  2  ac'shi-um,  n.  An  ancient  Grecian 
town  and  promontory:  Octavius  defeated  Antony,  31  B.  C. 

ac'tiv(es,  1  ak'tiv;  2  ae'tiv,  a.  1.  Abounding  in  action; 
agile;  lively;  quick;  brisk;  busy.  2.  Gram.  Expressing 
the  action  of  verbs,  as  distinguished  from  being  and 
state,  also  as  opposed  to  passivity.  3.  Being  in  or  per- 
taining to  a  state  of  action:  opposed  to  quiescent,  extinct, 
or  latent;  as,  an  active  volcano.  4.  Causing  or  promoting 
action,  or  manifested  in  action;  practical. 

Syn.:  agile,  alert,  brisk,  bustling,  busy,  diligent,  ener- 
getic, expeditious,  industrious,  lively,  mobile,  nimble, 
prompt,  quick,  ready,  restless,  sprightly,  spry,  supple,  vigor- 
ous, wide  awake.  Active  refers  to  both  quickness  and  con- 
stancy of  action;  In  the  former  sense  it  is  allied  with  agile, 
alert,  brisk,  etc.;  in  the  latter,  with  btisy,  diligent,  industrious. 
The  active  love  employment,  the  busy  are  actually  employed, 
the  diligent  and  the  industrious  are  habitually  busy.  The 
restless  are  active  from  Inability  to  keep  quiet;  their  activity 
may  be  without  purpose,  or  out  of  all  proportion  to  the  pur- 
pose contemplated.  The  officious  are  undesirably  active  In 
the  affairs  of  others.  Compare  alert;  alive;  busy;  meddle- 
some.— Ant.:  dull,  heavy,  idle,  inactive,  indolent,  Inert, 
lazy,  quiescent,  quiet,  slow,  sluggish,  stupid. 
— ac'tlv(e-lyB,  adv. — ac'tiv(e-nesss,  re. 

ac-tlv'I-ty,  1  ak-tiv'i-ti;  2  ac-tlv'i-ty,  n.  [-ties",  pi.]  1. 
The  state  or  quality  of  being  active;  action;  vigorous 
movement;  active  force  or  operation.  2.  Merh.  Work 
done  in  a  unit  of  time.    Syn.:  see  exercish. 

ac'tor,  1  ak'tor;  2  itc'tor,  n.  One  who  acts;  one  who  plays 
a  part,  as  on  the  stage.  Syn.:  see  agent;  cause.— ac'- 
tress,  n.  fern. 

ac'tu-al,  1  ak'cTiu-[or  -tiu-]al;  2  ac'chu-[or  -tO-]al.  I.  a. 
Existing  in  fact;  being  in  existence  or  action  now;  exis- 
tent ;  present.   Syn.:  see  sure. 

II.  n.  Something  real  or  actually  existing;  in  finance, 
actual  assets  or  receipts.  ac"tu-al'i-ty,  n.  I  ties'.,  />/.] 
The  quality  of  being  actual;  reality,  realism.  ac'tu-al- 
iicsst.—  ac'tu-al-lze,  vt.  1-ized;  -iz'ing.)  To  make  real; 
realize.— ac"tu-aI-l-za'[or  -sa'ltlon,  n.  ac'tu-al-ly,  miv. 
In  act  or  fact;  as  a  matter  of  fact;  In  reality;  truly. 

ac'tu-a-ry,  1  ak'<fhu-[or  -liu-]e-n;  2  ac-chu-[or  -tu-]a-ry, 
n.  [-riehz,  pi]  The  official  statistician  of  an  insurance 
company,  who  calculates  and  States  risks,  premiums, 
etc.;  a  clerk;  notary.  [<  L.  actUOTVUa,  clerk,  <  actus;  noe 
act,  r.]— ac"tu-a'ri-a(,  a. 


an  I  n.iii' 

Jllll.sl.i 


i.    ui-j 

Km 


\     'are;  font;  get.  prfv;   lilt,  poll         0  ••:   not.  or ;  full,  rule;  but,  I'flrn; 

>      niiat.all;  in*,  gt-.  ii        i  i  ..     ,,    ,,;,  mta, 


12 


1 
II 

lion;  in- 
;.  Incite. 

l-i  II    Ii  -.lie.  I  . 

.       .«-■     II     Ii    -iHI~  ..  .1-,    II      ll    -.. -1.1(1    . 

I  ■ 

i rj M-n  ] 


learning.     In- 

q  i!..'  Judgment 

.iiliji'i-i.i 

.a  using  quick 

J  affairs. 

-  i    iva  or  taoacu, .  often  with  ■  somewhat 

r  duller  Intellc. 

ind  quickly 

■   or   Involved. 

-  —  AntJdul: 

.1-.  ii   nil-n.ili  .  |  -'-.iu'mi-net ;   2  a-i-iYrni-tiat. 
1. 

II.  ;i-iu'mi- 

I    :     .vru  ml-miM-:.  —  a-cu"ml-na'- 

Ili.l; 

»-ru  ml-nous,  1  8-klQ'mi-nus;  2  a-cQ'inl-nus,  a. 

Having  acumen:  acumli.  .  imlnate 

iinr'ture.   1   ak'yu-punk'criur  or  -tlQr:  2        Leaf. 
.-puoCchur  or -tQr.  n.     A  pricking  With  :i     bduM 
..•■  or  needles,  sometimes  for  ran  •  uhmde.) 

poses.    [<    •  ar"u-puiic-ta'tlon:. 

*-«  ut.    .  It',  ■!     1.  Keenly  discerning  or 

•  keenly;  pi  ■'!. 

1.     4.  M'l. 
lent.    S.Mu.i. 
[<  L.  acuo.  sharpen.) 
.•■-.    running,    discerning.    Intelli- 
gent, keen,  penetrating,  perspicacious,  piercing, 
pointed,    sagacious,   sharp,    shrewd, 
subt.  -.  — Ant_-  blunt, 

chronic,    dull,    grave,    >.<  .   stolid, 

Stu; 

arute  accent,  a  stress  of  voice,  or  a  mark 

O  Indicating  It.— a.  angle,  an  angle  less  than  AmtJ>  t  oof 

artghtang:-       a-mie'l),  adr.—  a-cutc'ncss,  -i'""5*-""- 

I  he   quality  of   being   acute.     Syn_-   see   (    ™^£?hm 

a-ru'tl-.   ■  1  *-klQ'U-.-to-:2a-cu'tl-.  -to-.    I  -rom  Latin  acutus, 
a-cu'to-.     -harp:   combining   forms.  —  a-"  u"il-lo  ll-atc,  a. 

Be*.     Having  sharp-pointed  leaves.  [  +  I,,  folium,  leaf.] 
-»r>,  t'sed  in  forming  Don 

condition,  office,  etc.;  as.  curacy,  celibacy.    [<  L.  -acta  or 

-«ii.  -la.) 

»d-.  To;  as.  adhere:  often.  In  I  out  per- 

-  •      Ad-  undergoes  ■  ,  *■.>,-,  ac-. 

-  a*-,  nt-.  before  6,  e,  and  q.  f.  g,  l,  n, 

~e.se,  sp.  st.  ami  on.    ! 
cases  the  Anglo*:- .-.  ■  en  erro- 

neously changed  to  ad-.  ac-,  etc.,  as  In  advam _■>  .  accuse.    [  < 

-ad  ,  og  to  (a  person,  place,  thing,  etc., 

as  Iliad.  Dunelad;.     [  <  L.  -as.  -ad-.  <  Or.  -as,  -ad-.\ 
-ad  . 
-»d-.  of.  T<  L.  ad.  to.l 

k.  I>  MM  /Jomtnl  fin  the  year  of  our  I 

a.  d.,  attr  ..ii  .  adi .. 

adverb      adag.,  adico..  |-       v 

ad 'age,  1  ad'ij;  2  Id'ag,         A  laying  thai  has  obtained 

[<  I..'  a 
ato.  say.)  8bTO_' aphorism,  another:,,  axiom, byword, dictum, 
maxim,  mo"  iovebb. 

a-da'gl  ■■.  I  II  1 

degr'  ndante. 

piece  of  mua'c  of  slow  movi  III.  ndi.    slowly; 

slow  at.  4-  ngUi.  | 

a"da-lld'.  I  •'tha-Hth';  2  a'  A  chief;  guid- 

V'l'uii.        I'sm;  2  ftd'am,  n    L.  The  first  man,  prog 

••  human  ra'<-  according  t>,  the  Biblical  account; 

r   depraved 


hum  i  I      i  .   •  .   •    i .!     t  .  ■  •  1 1. 1,. 

i.tir  n  il  ]—  Adam's  alf 

water      tdam*s  apple,  the  prominence  made  by  the  tny- 

thc  frmit  of  the  human  throat,  prominent 

In  ma  t-dam  le,       A-iiam'i-rai;.     .4-dnm'l-rai- 

tv.  id  im-iti-.  I,  i    in  . .  iiii.ii  frmii  \ , i.iu i .  human. 

ii  ■  ndant  of  tdam;  a  human  i»-in«. 

.ui  .i-ni. mi,  i  ad'e-mant .  i.  A  verj  hard 

mineral,  r>  nl  or  h  u  mi  rlj .  the  diami  i 

pi i\      t   damaO,  tame  |    ;ni".i- 
iii  in  Uu  Made  of  or  like  adamant;  of  Impenetrable 

bardo        .ui    i-iii.in-tr'aiij. 

Ail  'una,  a.      I.  John  .  signer 

of  Oi  of  Independence.   Bee  no -hum    S.John 

t  inn  ii  -  call  ulated 

n  of  the  planet  Neptune  la  1848      :t.  John  tji.lm  > 

ni    no  NT       4.  Samuel    (  1722    1803). 

iol  tndependi  act 

;i-il.i|il      ,   ]       il:i|it';  L"  .i-'l  ipt',  i 

environment,  or  the  liUe;  make  iui table;  conform;  re» 
model.  I  <  l..  od  .  lit] 

:ni  ■  >ti  i  nuMia  r  onform,  <■>  b- 

ii  m,  nt,  liar  ii  ionize,  prepare,  proportlon,set,E  ult.  FU&ntladapt 

refer  in  some  antecedent  shaping  to  secure  ai  reement;  ///  ap- 

i  original  purpo  ls/Ui«dtothe 

Ii  ttenappUestotbesecuringof agreement  bj  partial 

Oban  adavttd  for  tne  stage  b)  chai 

i  From  the  narrative  to  the  dramatic  form.  Adjiut  refers 
ciiie;i  position;  tne  parts  of  a  t]  pewriter,  already 

/Wat  and  ad  other,  must  in-  adjusted  for  perfect 

alignment.  To  ndi  is  to  make  one  thing  or  person  in  all 
respects  agreeable  to  another,  "Suit  the  action  to  the  word, 
the  wni  to  tin-  action."  Bhaxxpcaiuc h amiet , ad  111, so  2, 

-  "t  Implies  merely  external  agn  I  raenti  as  of  a  glacier 
to  a  ruck-surface,  or  of  illssciilcrs  to  an  istalillshcil  church. 
Accommodate  Implies  some  concession  or  yielding  to  si-cure 
harmony;  as.  to  acaimmiHlnh  oneself  to  circumstances,  ,-lr- 
ru/it/,  refers  to  position  and  Order,  commonly  of  detached 
Objects:  a.s.  to  arrange  the  furniture  Of  B  room,  or  the  heads 
of  a  discourse.    Sei  inipiii  e     i  i 

-  a-dapt'a-bl(e'',  a.      Capable  Of   being  adapted. — a- 
dapt"a-bll'l-ty,  n.     a-dapt'a-bl(e-nessij.— ad"ap-ta'- 
tioii,  /,.  An  adapting;  thai  which  Is  adapted,  a-dap'tlon*. 
a-d.ip'lh  e-,  '..  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. 

a-dajs',  1  a-dfz';  2  a-das',  adr.  By  day;  on  each  day;  during 
the  day;  now  only  In  the  word  noicadays.  [<  A-,  on,  +  days 
ace.  pi.  of  day.)  a-day'?. 

K.  1>.  Cm  nbbr.  [!■".]  Alde-do-camp. 

add'1,  /  1  ad;  2  ad,  r.   I.  I.   1.  To  join  or  unite,  so  as  to  in- 

adH,  >  crease  the  quantity  or  number;  find  the  sum  of; 
unite  in  one  sum.  2.  To  say  or  write  further;  go  on  to 
say.  3.  To  bestow  or  inflict  (upon  one);  give  (to  one). 
II.  i'.  To  make  or  be  an  addition:  with  to  or  unto;  per- 
form the  operation  of  addition.  [  <  L.  addo,  <  ad,  to,  + 
do,  give,  put;  see  do.] 

Syn.:  adjoin,  afTH,  amplify,  annex,  append,  attach,  aug- 
ment, cast  Up,  enlarge,  extend,  Increase.  Join  on,  make  Up, 
subjoin,  sum  up.  To  add  Ls  to  increase  by  adjoining  or  unit- 
ing: In  distinction  from  multiply,  which  ls  to  increase  by  re- 
peating. To  augment  a  thing  Is  to  increase  It  by  any  means, 
but  this  word  ls  seldom  used  directly  of  material  objects;  we 
do  not  augment  a  house,  a  farm,  a  nation,  etc.  We  may  ,  n- 
large  a  house,  a  farm,  or  an  empire,  extend  Influence  or  domin- 
ion, augment  riches,  power,  or  Influence,  attach  or  annex  a 
building  to  one  that  It  adjoins,  or  papers  to  the  document 
they  refer  to,  annex  a  clause  or  a  codicil,  affix  a  seal  or  a  sig- 
nature, annex  a  territory,  n/tnch  a  condition  to  a  promise.  A 
speaker  may  amplify  a  discourse  by  a  fuller  treatment 
throughout  than  was  originally  planned,  or  he  may  append 
or  subjoin  certain  remarks  without  change  of  what  has  gone 
Ant.:  abstract,  deduct,  diminish,  dissever,  lessen, 
reduce,  remove,  subtract,  withdraw.     Prep.:  to. 

add"a-liiri-ty,H.   I  It  ncss  for  being  added.  add"l-bll'- 
l-tyt.     add 'a-bKei",  a.  That  may  be  added.  add'l-bKePJ. 

add.,  "bbr.    Additional. 

Ad'danis.  ]  ad'sms;2  ad'ams,  Jane  (1860-  ).  An  Ameri- 
can settlement.worker,  sociologist,  ami  author. 

ad-den 'iliini,  1  a-den'dom;  2  a-deh'dftm,  n.  [-da,  pi]  A 
thing  added,  or  to  be  added.     [L.j     Syn.:  see  appendaob; 

I  '.■    !■: 

ad'der1,  1  ad'er;  2  ad'er,  rt,  1.  A  viper,  especisilj  the 
common  ESuropean  viper, 
about  two  feet  loru'  of  a  brown- 
ish color  variegated  with 
black,  'i.  One  of  various  other 
Dl  -.  I  <  as.  n  tdre  (a  nad- 
der  In  OK.  becoming  an  adder).] 
ad'der\s  =  tongue",    n.     1.  A 

politan    fern    so    named  Adder.      /71 

from  the  form  of  Its  spike  or  fruit.    2.  One  of  various  flow- 
ering plants,  as  the  dog's-tooth  violet. 
add'er3,  n.  A  person  or  thing  that  adds;  adding>machine. 


1:  a  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  feud;    cllin;    go;    n  =  sing;    Chin,   this. 
13       2:  wplf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,  burn;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;  thin,   this. 


actuate 
adhesion 


ad-dict'd,  1  a-dikt';  2  a-dict',  I.  vt.  1.  Reflexively,  to 
apply  or  devote  (oneself)  persistently  or  continuously; 
give  (oneself)  up  to.  2.  To  cause  to  incline  to  (the 
pursuit  or  practise  of  something)  continuously.  II.  n. 
One  who  is  addicted  to  some  habit.  [<  L.  addico, 
devote.] — ad-dlc'tion,  n.  Habitual  inclination;  bent,  ad- 
dlct'ed-nessj.  [practise  of  anything. 

ad-dict'ed,  pa.  Accustomed;  inclined  to  the  pursuit  or 
Syn.:  abandoned,  accustomed,  attached,  devoted,  dis- 
posed, given,  given  over,  given  up,  habituated,  inclined,  pre- 
disposed, prone,  wedded.  One  is  addicted  to  that  which  he 
has  allowed  to  gain  a  strong,  habitual,  and  enduring  hold 
upon  action,  inclination,  or  involuntary  tendency,  as  to  a 
habit  or  indulgence.  A  man  may  be  accustomed  to  labor,  at- 
tached to  his  profession,  derated  to  his  religion,  given  to  study 
or  to  gluttony  (in  the  bad  sense,  given  over,  or  given  up,  is  a 
stronger  and  more  hopeless  expression,  as  is  abandoned). 
One  inclined  to  luxury  may  become  habituated  to  poverty. 
One  is  wedded  to  that  which  has  become  a  second  nature,  as 
to  science  or  to  art.  Prone  is  used  only  in  a  bad  sense,  and 
generally  of  natural  tendencies;  as,  our  hearts  are  prone  to 
evil.  Abandoned  tells  of  acquired  viciousness  to  which  one 
has  surrendered  himself.  Addicted  may  be  used  in  a  good, 
but  more  frequently  a  bad  sense;  devoted  is  used  chiefly  in 
the  good  sense;  as,  a  mother's  devoted  affection.  —  Ant.: 
averse,  disinclined,  indisposed,  unaccustomed. — Prep.:  Ad- 
dicted to  vice. 

Ad'di-son,  1  ad'i-san;  2  ad'i-son,  Joseph  (1672-1719).  An 
English  essayist  and  poet;  Spectator. 

ad-dit'a-ment,  1  a-dit'a-ment  or  ad'i-ta-ment;  2  a-dit'a- 
ment  or  ad'i-ta-ment,  n.  [Rare.]  A  thing  added;  addition. 
ad-dlt'i-mentt. 

ad-di'tion,  1  a-dish'an;  2  a-dish'on,  n.  1.  The  act  of  adding, 
or  that  which  is  added;  an  increase;  annex;  accession.  2. 
Specifically:  (1)  Mus.  A  dot  at  the  right  of  a  note,  length- 
ening it  one»half.  (2)  Law.  A  title  or  mark  of  designation 
attached  to  a  man's  name.  (3)  Her.  Augmentation.  (4)  The 
uniting  of  two  or  more  arithmetical  or  algebraic  quantities 
in  one  sum.    Syn.:  see  accession;  appendage;  increase. 

ad-di'tion-al,  1  a-dish'an-al;  2  a-dlsh'on-al.  I.  a.  Being 
in  addition;  supplementary.  II.  n.  An  addition. — ad- 
dl'tion-al-ly,  adv. 

ad'di-tiv(es,  1  ad'i-tiv;  2  ad'i-tiv,  a.  That  is  to  be  added; 
serving  or  tending  to  increase. — ad'di-tiv(e-ly8,  adv. 

ad 'die,  /  1  ad'l;  2  ad'l.   I.  vt.  &  vi.   [ad'dled,  ad'ldp;  ad'- 

ad'lp,  X  dling.]  To  spoil  or  become  spoiled,  as  eggs; 
muddle.  II.  a.  Spoiled,  as  eggs;  rotten;  worthless,  ad'- 
dled;.  [<  AS.  adela,  mud.] 

ad-dress',  1  a-dres';  2  a-dres',  v.  [ad-dressed'1  or  ad- 
drest';  ad-dress'ing.]  1.  t.  1.  To  direct  spoken  words 
to;  accost;  deliver  a  set  discourse  to  (a  person  or  an 
audience).  2.  To  superscribe  or  direct,  as  a  letter.  3. 
To  devote,  as  oneself,  a  force,  etc.;  apply.  4.  To  con- 
sign; aim.  5.  To  woo.  6§.  To  prepare;  order;  arrange. 
7 1| .  To  dress.  Ilf.  i.  1.  To  make  an  address  or  appeal.  2. 
To  get  ready.  [  <  L.F  ad,  to,  +  directus,  direct.] 

Syn.:  accost,  apostrophize,  appeal,  approach,  court,  greet, 
hail,  inscribe,  salute,  speak  to,  woo.  To  accost  is  to  speak  first 
to;  greet  is  not  so  distinctly  limited;  to  salute  is  to  greet  with 
3pecial  token  of  respect;  to  hail  is  to  greet  In  a  loud=voiced 
and  commonly  hearty  and  joyous  way,  as  appears  in  the 
expression  "hail  fellow,  well  met."  Address  is  slightly  more 
formal  than  accost  or  greet,  tho  it  may  often  be  inter- 
changed with  them.  One  may  address  another  at  considerable 
length  or  in  writing;  he  accosts  orally  and  briefly. — Ant.:avoid, 
cut,  elude,  ignore,  overlook,  pass,  pass  by,  shun. — Prep.:  Ad- 
dress the  memorial  to  the  legislature;  the  president  addressed 
the  people  in  an  eloquent  speech;  he  addressed  an  Intruder 
wUh  indignation. 

— ad"dress-ee',  n.  One  who  is  addressed. — ad-dress'- 
er,  n.  One  who  presents  or  signs  an  address  or  petition  or  a 
formal  document,  ad-dres'sorj. 

ad-dress',  n.  1.  A  set  or  formal  discourse;  a  speaking  to 
or  accosting;  an  appeal;  application;  petition.  2.  The 
directing  of  something  to  some  person  or  place;  also, 
the  name,  place,  residence,  etc.,  of  a  person.  3.  Com. 
Consignment,  as  of  a  vessel  or  cargo.  4.  The  manner  of 
a  person;  delivery;  bearing.  5.  Any  courteous  or  de- 
voted attention;  wooing:  chiefly  in  the  plural.  6.  Skilful 
conduct  or  action;  adroitness;  tact.  7f-  Dress. 

Syn.:  adroitness, courtesy, dexterity, discretion,  Ingenuity, 
manners,  politeness,  readiness,  speech,  tact.  Address,  as  here 
considered,  is  a  general  power  to  direct  to  the  matter  in  hand 
whatever  qualities  are  most  needed  for  It  at  tin:  moment.  It 
Includes  adroitness  and  discretion  to  know  what  to  do  or  say 
and  what  to  avoid;  ingenuity  to  devise;  readiness  to  speak 
or  act;  the  dexterity  that  comes  of  practise;  and  tact,  which 
is  the  power  of  fine  touch  as  applied  to  human  character  and 
feeling.  Courtesy  and  pal.ititn.:,  arc  Indispensable  elements 
of  good  address.  Compare  speech.-  Ant.:  awkwardness. 
boorlshness,    clownlshness,    clumsiness,    fatuity,     folly,    ill 


breeding,  ill  manners,  rudeness,  stupidity,  unmannerliness, 
unwisdom. — Prep.:  Address  in  dealing  with  opponents; 
the  address  of  an  accomplished  intriguer;  an  address  to  the 
audience. 

ad-dres'so-graph,  1  a-dres'o-grnf;  2  a-dres'o-graf,  n.  A 
machine  for  printing  addresses  which  operates  by  the  end- 
less chain  system:  a  trade  name.     [<  address  +  -graph.] 

ad-duce',  1  a-dius';  2  a-duc',  vt.  [ad-duced'1;  ad-duc'- 
ing]  To  bring  forward  for  consideration,  as  a  quota- 
tion, example  or  the  like;  cite  or  allege.  [  <  L.  ad,  to,  + 
duco,  lead.]  Si  .:  see  allege. — ad-duce'a-bl(ep,  ad-du'- 
ci-bl(ee,  a.— ad-du'eent,  a.   Drawing  or  binding  together. 

ad-duct',  1  a-dukt';  2  a-duct',  vt.  To  draw  towards  the 
axis:  said  of  muscles.  [  <  L.  adductus,  pp.  of  adduco;  see 
adduce.]—  ad-duc'tion,  n.  The  act  of  adducing  or  adduct- 
ing.— ad-duc'tiv(es,  a.  1.  Adducing.  2.  Tending  to  ad- 
duct. — ad-duc'tor,  n.    An  adducting  muscle. 

-ade,  suffix.  Relating  to;  pertaining  to;  as,  decade.  [  <  F.  -ade, 
<  L.  -as,  -ad,  <  Gr.  -as,  -ad-.] 

Ad'e-laide,  1  ad'i-led;  2  ad'e-lad,  n.  A  city,  capital  of  South 
Australia;  pop.  192,000. 

-a-del'phi-a,  1  a-del'fi-a;  2  a-del'li-a,  suffix.  Bot.  A  brother- 
hood; a  group  of  stamens  more  or  less  united  by  their  fl'a- 
ments.    [Gr.] 

a-del'phous,  1  a-del'fus;  2  a-del'fus,  a.  Having  stamens  with 
clustered  or  coalescent  filaments:  as  a  sufBx.  [<  Gr.  adel- 
phos,  brother,  <  a-  copulat.  +  delphys,  womb.] 

A'den,  1  a'den  or  e'den;  2  a' den  or  a'den,  n.  A  British  penin- 
sula and  seaport  of  Arabia;  pop.  46,000. 

ad 'en-,  )1  ad'en-,  ad'i-ni-,  ad'i-no-;  2  ad'en-,  ad'e- 

ad'e-ni-  [NL.],  [•  ni-,  ad'e-no-.  From  Greek  aden,  gland:  com- 

ad'e-no-,  )  bining   forms.— ad"e-nal'gi-a,    n.     Pathol. 

Pain  in  the  glands.  [+  Gr.  algos,  pain.]  ad"e-nal'gy$. — 
ad"e-nl'tls,  n.  Glandular  inflammation. — ad'e-nold,a. 
Glandiform;  glandular.  ad"e-noi'dalf .  [  +  -oid.] — ad"e- 
nol'o-gy,  n.  That  branch  of  anatomy  that  treats  of  glands. 
[  +  -logy.]— ad"e-no-log'l-cal,a.— ad"e-noph'o-rous,  a. 
Bearing  or  producing  glands.    [+  Gr.  phero,  bear.] 

a-dept',  1  a-dept';  2  a-dept'.  I.  a.  Highly  skilful;  profi- 
cient. II.  n.  One  fully  skilled  in  any  art ;  a  proficient ;  an- 
ciently, an  alchemist  who  pretended  to  have  found  the 
"philosopher's  stone."  [  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  apiscor,  attain.] 
— a-dept 'ness,  re.  Proficiency. 

ad'e-quate,  1  ad'i-kwit  or  -kwet;  2  ad'e-kwat,  a.  1. 
Equal  to  what  is  required;  suitable  to  the  case  or  occa- 
sion; fully  sufficient.  2.  Equal  in  size,  extent,  value,  etc. 
[<  L.  ad,  to,  +  sequus,  level.] 

Syn.:  able,  adapted,  capable,  commensurate,  competent, 
enough,  equal,  fit,  fitted,  fitting,  qualified,  satisfactory,  suffi- 
cient, suitable.  Adequate,  commensurate,  enough,  and  suffi- 
cient signify  equal  to  some  given  occasion  or  work ;  as,  a  sum 
sufficient  to  meet  expenses;  an  adequate  remedy  for  the  disease. 
Commensurate  is  the  more  precise  and  learned  word,  signify- 
ing that  which  exactly  measures  the  matter  in  question. 
Adapted,  fit,  suitable,  and  qualified  refer  to  the  qualities 
which  match  or  suit  the  occasion.  Work  is  satisfactory  if  it 
satisfies  those  for  whom  it  is  done,  tho  it  may  be  very 
poor  work  judged  by  some  higher  standard.  Compare  am- 
ple; competent. — Ant.:  disqualified,  inadequate,  incom- 
petent, inferior,  insufficient,  poor,  unequal,  unfit,  unqual- 
ified, unsatisfactory,  unsuitable,  useless,  worthless.  — Prep.: 
Adequate  to  the  demand;  for  the  purpose. — ad'e-qua-cy,  n. 
ad'e-quate-nesst;.— ad'e-quate-ly,  adv. 

ad-fect'ed,  1  ad-fekt'ed;  2  ad-f6ct'ed,  a.  Math.  Containing 
different  powers  of  an  unknown  quantity.  [  <  L.  adfectus. 
later  affectus;  see  affect1,  v.] 

ad  fin.,  abbr.  [L.]  Adfinem  (at  the  end,  to  the  end). 

ad-here',  1  ad-hlr';  2  ad-her',  vi.  [ad-hered';  ad-iibh'- 
ing.]  1.  To  stick  fast  or  together.  2.  To  cleave;  be  at- 
tached or  devoted;  belong:  with  to.  3t-  To  consist;  hold 
together,  as  parts  of  a  whole.  [  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  hxreo, 
stick.] — ad-her'ence,  n.  The  act  or  state  of  adhering;  at- 
tachment; adhesion,  ad-lier 'en-eyj.  Syn.:  see  attachment. 

ad-her'ent,  1  ad-hlr'ent;  2  ad-her'ent.  I.  a.  1.  Clinging  or 
sticking  fast.  2.  Bot.  Adnate.  II.  n.  1.  One  who  is  de- 
voted or  attached,  as  to  a  cause  or  leader.  2§.  An  ap- 
pendage,    ad-her'ert. 

Syn.:  aid,  aider,  ally,  backer,  disciple,  follower,  partlzan, 
supporter.  An  adherent  is  one  who  is  devoted  or  attached  to  a 
person,  party,  principle,  cause,  creed,  or  the  like.  Allies  may 
differ  on  every  point  except  the  specific  ground  of  union. 
Allies  are  regarded  as  equals;  adherents  :md  disciples  arc  fol- 
lowers. The  adherent  depends  more  on  his  Individual  Judg- 
ment, the  disciple  is  more  subject  to  command  and  Instruc- 
tion. Parllzan  has  the  narrow  and  odious  sense  of  adhesion 
to  a  party,  right  or  wrong.  One  may  be  an  adherent  or  sup- 
porter of  a  party  and  not  a  parlizan.  Hacker  is  a  sport  .lug 
and  theatrical  word,  not  In  the  best  usage.  ( 'ompare  ACCES- 
SORY.—Ant.:  adversary,  antagonist,  betrayer,  deserter, 
enemy,  hater,  opponent,  renegade,  traitor.  —  Prep.:  Adher- 
ents in  principle:  adherents  <>/  Luther. 

ad-he'sion,  1  ad-hr'-j.m;  2  ad-he'zhon,  n.  1.  The  act  of 
adhering;  the  state  of  being  attached;  adherence.     2. 


kdhraltr 
adulatr 


I        I  I  I  I.  I         o'.-v.  1:0;   nat.  fir;   full.  rOL- :   Lin.  LOrn; 

■  •     .Vl;    in*,  grt    |    ..  ill  I ,  «  Am.         14 


•   It.  I.\ 
i .     laving  the 


m i  it.  i  . 


.-Ki- 
ll'     -l>     •  - .  I 

I.         Ill  In:  nclmlt.   ?. 
il.  .11. 

L 

illy,  "to 

\  r:\iT  in  Austria  and  Italy; 


■d  Inf.,  iy).—  ad 

Inlt..  chinning). —  ad  Int.. 

\.li..u. 

.i.|  !-;•'-'  •  r>  •  l.    \  fatty 

in  of  animal 
I  deprivntion 
! 

j.ri-pn-Hrc:.     ad'  i-|i.m  Vr-mi-. 
ad  l-i>.'-.  .  I  I.        Pertaining  te  fat; 

i.l  l-|>uu»:.    .-'•  ii. :  see  Ci  .lid  i  t  \  r, 
II  fat.] — Hdl-pose-nesa, 

i  .li.  k-.  -:  2  iid'l-ron'dilks.  n.  ;;/.     A 

1 I  ft. 
ad  'It.  I  roach;  .-ntr 

a  nearly  S  mine.    (<   I.,  aditus, 

appr 
VtJ..  liljt..  l/JOr.  Adjutant.     adj.,adjn  I   .  ■  ctlval, 

ail-Ja  'i  nil.  .  a.     Lying 

[<  L.  ad,  i 
jceto.  lie  |  Sra_-at  border- 

:hborlng,  next, 

■  i  ..'i  Imply 
:■  cohere 
for  cither  ad 
ady    ■ 

•  he  railroad  « 

'■orlnt  alwa:.  -  mlty  tliai  the  Inhab- 

it!.'. •>  may  bo  neighbor*.     Next  vtewj 

nearest  of  -  it  neighbor  implies  a  ncigh- 

' 
-:.-■■       Prep.:  lo.     ad-Ja'cenxy,fi.   -cob*, pi] 
ad-Js'reni 

ail  'jii  -in  c  .  .  I.       Pertaining  to 

ijiii'-t.   ad'Jee-tiv- 
al:.    i I.  to  limit  or  c  . 

•    .'..«  J  — ad'Jfc-lh  c-l\  , 

id'Jec-th'al-l>  :. 
ad-loin',  1  I.  t.     I.  To    i- 

II. 
[  <  L.r  ad,  to,  +  jungo, 
Situ  see  Ann. 
.-iil-jnlu'lntc,   pa.      Lying  next;  contiguous. 

ad-Joum.  I.  <     To  put  off  to 

ad-jiirn  '  .  ring  to  an  •  •■ 

meeting  or  session ;  pron  II.        I 

a  ec~-  >.r  finally.    [  <  L.' 

'lay.)  Synj  .-•  - 
ad-Journ'nuiii.  .  actof  adjourn- 

In*,  or  the  period  f<  hmg  l-  adjoun 

ad-Jour 'nal:. 

ad-Judge',  I    .-.  .    2     .       '.       [AD-Jimarr/;  ad-judo'- 

l  ide  judicial;-,                    ademn. 

II.  [  <  L r  ad,  •■                     judge  ) 
ad-jn'ili-  ate, 

I-  .  I'luially;  aAjtfAm> 

II.  iCt  as  a  judge;  reach  a  judicial  decision.    [< 


1. 1    |m    .11-.  i   II. mi.    .      I  In.  sot 

r  adjudicating  or  adjudging;  Judicial  dm 
ml- 1  ii  .n  .  ,    lot 
"i  nun  t.  1       i  i  Lt    Joined  nibordi- 

natoly;  auxiliarj     II.  u.   Something  oonnootod  lubordi 
[<  ]  i  .   jnin  | 

ad-Junc'Uon,  •      I 
i,  the  thing  Joined     ad-June'tlt  •  ■  .  . 
Mttutlng  or  contributing  to  form  an  adjunol     ad-Junc'- 
n>  .  -Ij  . 

ait-|nre'.   |  | '.  i,'      [  in-.,  m  ,,'; 

i  h;  appoal  to; 

I 

"■•I  aiiin-r.1  Mini,  n.  The  aol  of  ad- 

juring; a  Bolomn  oath.  aa*Ja'ra-to>ryl  i  ad-Jur'er, 
ad-Jui   .i . 

ail-|ii-l  '  ,   i  '  .i  , 

Jutiuo.    Jnln    (M   It  mi-     ■•     ICCOI1MODATB; 

urn  i ;  I'm  i'mik:  in  i.i  i  i  i  i 

ad-Just 'a-hl  c1 .  a     '  apable  of  being  adjusted.    »d« 
luat'er,    .      ad-Jtu'tort.    ad-Jus'tlt  ad«juit'> 

I'Kiii.  ii.    The  act,  process,  means,  ur  reeull  of  adjusting; 
i inn:  arrangement ;  settlement, 
ad'Jti-lanl.    1    .ij  u-i    i.i  : 

.■ui\ili:iry.   II.  n.  1.  Mil    A  Btaff" 

officer  who  nmand- 

er;  as,  the  adjutant  <.i  a  regi- 
ment, 'i.  A  carrion«eatirj 
Indian  stork.  :t.  The  marabou. 
i  in  aid.  [<  i,.  adjuio;  see 
tin.  I.,  ad'Ju-tan-cy,  n.  The 
inn cv  nr  rank  of  an  adjutant,  ad'" 


lii-lant-sliip:. 

adT'jo-Ti 


fn 


ant,  1  aj'u-vent;  2  aj'u-vant.  I.  a. 
iinkr.    II. 'i.    A  helper.    |<   L,  adju- 

\in  ] 
ad  lib..  ;■'■.    ii.  i    Ad  iihitum  (ai  pleasure). 

ail   Inc.,      '  t.    jl.,]    Ad  locum  (at  I  lie  place)  .— 

Ailin..  ■■■■        idmlral,    admiralty,    adui., 
admr.,  .'  .  tratrlx. 

ad-mea'siircw  1  ad-i   ■  ,'ur;    g  a.l-n 
ad-me'sure  .  dj   -bub-jnoJ     l. 

•    Adjutant 
In  measure.   [  <  LL.       admetuuro,  <  Li, 
ad,  to  measure.]    ad-mea'sure-ment,  n.  1.  \n 

admeasuring.   ''.  Measure;  Blze;  dimensions,    ad-meii"su- 
ra'tloiij.     ad-mea'Mir-i 

ad-mlu'l-ele,  1  ail-mln'i-kl;  2  ad-mln'1-cl,  h.  [Rare.]  I.  U»y- 
thing  thai  helps  nr  supports;  an  auzluary.  'I.  haw.  <  lorrob- 
oratlve  or  explanatory  evidence.  (<  I.,  adminicutum ,  prop, 
to,  |  mantu,  hand.]  ad"ml-nlc'u-lar,  a. — ad"ml- 
nlc'ii-latei,  ii.  A  i(.  [-i.m'kh:  -i.\r"iM,.]  To  support  by 
oorroboratlve  evldenee.-  ad"ml-nlc"u-la'tIonJ  n. 

ad-mlnls-ter,  1  ad-min'nvtar;  2  ad-mln'ia-ter,  v.    I.  t. 

1.  To  have  the  ohaxge  or  direction  of;  manage;  regulate, 

2.  To  supply,  furnish,  or  provide  with,  as  Bomething 

isary  nr  required;  apply;  inflict;  mete  nr  measure 
out;  as,  tn  odmt'ni  ter  the  sacraoments,  punishment, 
medicine,  etc.  8.  Tocau  as  an  oath.   4.  Law. 

!.'■  charge  of  and  settle  bj  will  nr  official  appoint- 
ment.  II.  i,   1.  To  contribute  toward  an  end;  minister: 
with  I",  'i.  Law.  To  act  as  administrator.  (  <  L.  ad,  to,  -)- 
U  r.  assistant.] ad-inln'Is-lratet.S.vn.:  see kxkciite. — 
ail-niln'U-  te'rl-al,a.     Pertaining  loadmlnisirallnn.     ad- 
mln'ls-ira-bl  ci ,  /   riiai  may  be  administered,     ad-niln'- 
Is-trant.  La.  Managing  affairs;  executive,  D.n.  Onewho 
administers.-  ad-mln"ls-£ra'tlon,  n.    l.  Theaci  of  admin- 
istering, or  the  state  of  iirint;  administered;  managemem  of 
public  affairs,    't.  Polit.  The  governmenl  as  existing,  or  the 
etlvely  who  compose  It,  especially  lis  executive 
department;  also,  tlieoffloJal  tenure  of  such  government. — 
ad-mln'l.s-tra"tlv(e»,  a.      Pertaining   to  administration; 
ive.   -ly,  adv. — ad-mln'ls-(ra"lor,  n.    One  who  ad- 
omethlng,  as  (JLato)  the  estate  of  an  intestate. — 
ai|-mlii'K-tra"tor-slilp,  u.     ad-inln'is-lra'trlx,  n.  fern. 
pi.] 
ad'ml-ra-ltl  e'',    l    ad'mi-re-bl;   2   ftd'mi-ra-bl,   a.     1. 
Worthy  ol  admiration;  excellent.    *Ji.  Wonderful.    [< 
!..•':  see  u>iobjb.]    S.vn.:  sec  bxcbllent;  good.— ad  'int- 
ra- bl  e-ni  -si-,    n.      ad"ml-ra-bH'l-tyJ. — ad'ml-ra-hl) , 
mir.    in  an  admirable  manner, 
ad'mi-ral,  1  ad'nn-rel;  2  Sd'mi-ral,  n.   1.  A  naval  officer 
of  the  highest  nuik;  tin-  commander«hvchief  of  a  fleet 
•i.  The  flagship  of  a  fleet,    -i.  (1)  A  butterfly.    (2)  A 
richly  colored  cone»shell.     [<    LL,  admiralia,    <  Ar. 
amlT-iii-buhr.  <  <uh\t,  commander,    Y  ol.  the,  -t-  bahr.  sea.; 
— ad'ml-ral-slilp,  r».  The  Office  nr  rank  of  an  admiral. 
Ad'mi-ral-ty,  1  ad'mi-rel-ti;  2  &d'mi-ral-ty,  n.    [^tii-;mz, 
///  |   I.  A  department  of  the  British  government  having 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt£  aisle;    au  =  out;    ell:    Iu  =  fewd;    tfhin;    go;    X}  =  B\na;  fhin,  thia. 
15        2:wplf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,  burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


adhesive 
adulate 


supreme  charge  of  naval  affairs.  2.  [a-]  The  office  or 
functions  of  an  admiral.  3.  [a-]  The  branch  of  juris- 
prudence or  of  the  judiciary  that  takes  cognizance  of 
maritime  affairs.  4.  The  Admiralty  building.  5.  [a-] 
The  mastery  of  the  seas. 
ad"mi-ra'tion,  1  ad"mi-re'slian;  2  ad"mi-ra'shon,  n.  1. 
Wonder  combined  with  approbation;  gratified  contem- 
plation. 2.  That  which  is  admired.  3||.  Wonder;  sur- 
prize. Syn.:  see  amazement. — note  of  admiration,  an 
exclamation»point  (1). 
ad-mire',  1  ad-mair';  2  ad-mlr',  v.  [ad-miked';  ad-mir'- 
ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  regard  with  mingled  wonder  and  ap- 
probation or  pleased  surprize;  gaze  on  with  delight. 
'!  .  To  wonder  at.  II.  i.  1.  To  feel  admiration;  be 
pleased.  2||.  To  wonder.  [<  L.p  ad,  at,  -\-miror,  wonder.] 
Syn.:  adore,  applaud,  approve,  delight  in,  enjoy,  esteem, 
extol,  honor,  love,  respect,  revere,  venerate.  We  admire 
beauty  in  nature  and  art,  delight  in  the  innocent  happiness  of 
children,  enjoy  books  or  society,  a  walk  or  a  dinner.  We  ap- 
prove what  is  excellent,  applaud  heroic  deeds,  esteem  the 
good,  love  our  friends.  We  honor  and  respect  noble  character 
wherever  found;  we  revere  and  venerate  it  in  the  aged.  We 
extol  or  adore  the  goodness,  majesty,  and  power  of  God. — 
Ant.:  abhor,  abominate,  contemn,  despise,  detest,  dislike, 
execrate,  hate,  ridicule,  scorn. 

— ad-mir'er,  n. — ad-mir'ing-Iy,  adv. 
ad-mis'si-bl(ep,  1  ad-mis'i-bl;  2  ad-mis'i-bl,  a.  Such  as 
may  be  admitted;  allowable.  [<  L.F  admitto;  see  ad- 
mit.]— ad-mis'si-bKe-nessP,  n. — ad-mis"sl-bil'I-ty,  n. — 
ad-mis  'si-bly,  adv. 
ad-mis  'sion,  1  ad-misVan;  2  &d-mish'on,  n.  1.  The  act 
of  admitting,  or  the  state  of  being  admitted;  entrance. 
2.  A  conceding,  or  that  which  is  conceded.  3.  The 
price  charged  or  paid  to  be  admitted.     Synj  see  belief; 

ENTRANCE. 

ad-mis'siv(es,  1  ad-nuViv;  2  ad-mls'iv,  a.  Characterized 
by,  tending  to,  implying,  or  granting  admission,  ad- 
mis'so-ryt. 

ad- ii lit',  1  ad-mit';  2  ad-mit',  z.  [ad-mit'ted*1;  ad-mit'- 
ting.]  I.  t.  1.  To  allow  to  enter;  allow;  receive.  2.  To 
afford  entrance  to;  have  capacity  for  the  entrance  of; 
let  in.   3.  To  acknowledge  the  truth  or  fact  of;  concede. 

4.  To  decide  to  be  entitled  to  the  privileges  of;  allow  to 
become  associated  with;  as,  to  admit  a  person  to  bail. 

5.  To  be  capable  of  or  compatible  with;  permit;  suffer. 
II.  i.  1.  To  give  scope,  warrant,  or  permission:  with  of. 
2.  To  give  entrance:  often  with  to.  [<  L.OF  admitto,  < 
ad,  to,  +  mitto,  send.] 

Syn.:  see  acknowledge;  agree;  allow;  assent;  avow; 
confess. — ad-mit 'ta-bl(ep,  ad-mlt'ti-bl(ei",  a. 

ad-mit'tance,  1  ad-mit'ans;  2  iid-mit'ans,  n.  The  act 
of  admitting,  or  the  state  or  fact  of  being  admitted; 
entrance;  right  or  permission  to  enter;  admission. 
Syn.:  see  entrance.  [fessedly. 

ad-mit'ted-ly,  1  ad-mit'ed-h;  2  ad-mit'Sd-ly,  adv.   Con- 
ad-mix',  1  ad-miks';  2  ad-miks',  vt.    [ad-mixed'  or  ad- 
mixt';  ad-mix'ing.]    To  mingle  or  mix  with  something 
else. 

ad-mix 'ture,  1  ad-miks'cTiur  or  -tiur;  2  Sd-miks'chur  or 
-tur,  n.  A  mixture;  the  ingredient  added  to  form  a  mix- 
ture; act  of  mingling  or  mixing;  state  of  being  mixed. 
[<  L.  admixtus,  pp.,  <  ad,  to,  +  misceo,  mix.]  Syn.:  see 
alloy. —ad-mix',  tit. 

ad-mon'ish',  1  ad-men'isTi;  2  ad-m&n'ish,  vt.  1.  To  ad- 
vise of  a  fault;  administer  mild  reproof  to;  caution; 
exhort,  2.  To  bring  something  forcibly  to  the  notice  or 
attention  of;  remind,  as  of  duty  or  obligation;  warn,  as 
of  peril  or  penalty.  3.  To  instruct  solemnly;  direct.  [  < 
I,,  ad,  to,  +  moneo,  advise.] 

Syn.:  advise,  caution,  censure,  counsel,  dissuade,  rebuke, 
remind,  reprimand,  reprove,  warn.  Admonish  is  the  mildest 
of  reproving  words.  Censure,  rebuke,  and  reprove  apply  to 
wrong  done;  caution,  counsel,  dissuade,  warn,  and  admonish 
refer  chiefly  to  anticipated  fault. 

— ad-mon'lsh-cr,  n.— ad"mo-ni'tlon,  n.  The  act  of 
admonishing;  gentle  reproof,  ad-mon'lsh-ment;.  Syn.: 
see  counsel.— ad-mon'1-to-ry,  a.  Giving  admonition, 
ad-mon'l-tlv(e»t. 

admn.,  adinx.,  abbr.  Administratrix. 

ad-nas'cent,  1  ad-nas'ent;  2  ad-nas'Snt,  o.  Growing  or 
attached  to  something;  as,  adnascent  plants. — ad-nas'- 
cence,  n. 

ad'nate,  1  ad'net;  2  Sd'nBVt,  a.  Congenitally  united; 
grown  together.  [  <  L.  adnatus,  <  mi,  to,  +  nascor,  be 
horn.]  — ad-na'tion,  n.    The  state  of  being  adnate. 

a-do't,  v.  inf.  of  do:  as,  we  have  nothing  ado  with  them. 

a-do',  l  a-do';  2  a-dy',  n.  Unnecessary  activity;  bustle; 
fuss;  trouble.  [  <  a-"-)-  do.]     a-doo't- 

t-do'be,  1  a-do'bi;  2  a-d6'be,  n.  A  aun'drled  brick  or  a  struc- 
ture of  such  material.  [Sp.  Am.) 


ad"o-les'cent,  1  ad"o-les'ent;  2  ad"o-les'ent.  I.  a.  Ap- 
proaching manhood  or  maturity;  pertaining  to  youth. 
II.  n.  A  person  in  the  period  of  adolescence.  [<  L.  ad, 
to,  +  alo,  nourish.]— ad"o-les'cence,  n.  The  process  or 
period  of  growth  from  childhood  to  manhood  or  womanhood; 
youth.  ad"o-les'cen-cyt. 
A-do'nis,  1  a-do'nis;  2  a-do'nis,  ft.  Gr.  Myth.  A  youth  be- 
loved by  Venus  for  his  beauty;  hence,  any  youth  of  rare 
beauty;  also,  a  beau;  dandy. — A-don'ic.  I.  a.  Pertaining 
to  Adonis,  or  to  a  verse  consisting  of  a  dactyl  and  a  spondee 

( — ^*^| ).     II.  n.     An  Adonic  verse  or  meter. 

a-doors'jj,l  a-dorz';  2a^-d6rs/, adv.  Atthedoor.  a-door'J. 
a-dopt'S  1  a-dept';  2  a-dopt',  vt.  To  accept,  receive,  or 
choose  as  one's  own,  especially  as  one's  own  child  (when 
not  naturally  so);  accept  from  some  one  else;  as,  to 
adopt  a  son,  a  phrase,  a  creed.  [  <  L.F  ad,  to,  -+-  opto, 
choose.]    Syn.:  see  embrace. 

— a-dopt'ed-ly,  adv.    By  adoption.— a-dopt 'er,  n. — a- 
dop'tion,  n.     The  act  of  adopting  or  the  utate  of  being 
adopted. — a-dop'tiv(e8,  a.   Pertaining  or  tending  to  adop- 
tion; characterized  by  adoption,  -ly,  adv. 
ad"o-ra'tion,  1  ad"o-re'slian;  2  ad"o-ra'shon,  n.  The  act 
of  adoring;  worship;  utmost  love  or  devotion. 
Syn.:  see  prayer;  reverence;  veneration. 
a-dore',  1  a-dor';  2  a-dor',  v.   [a-dored';  a-dor'ing.]  I.  t. 
1.  To  render  divine  honors  to;  worship.    2.  To  love  or 
honor  with  intense  devotion.    II.  i.    To  offer  worship. 
[<  F  adorer,  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  oro,  speak,  <  os  (or-),  mouth.] 
Syn.:  see  admire;  praise;  venerate. 
— a-dor 'a-bl(eF,  a.   Worthy  of  adoration  or  devoted  af- 
fection.— a-dor'a-bl(e-nessP,   n.      The   quality   of  being 
adorable.  a-dor"a-bll'l-tyt. — a-dor'a-bly,  adv. — a-dor'- 
er,  n.  One  who  adores;  a  lover. 
a-dorn',  1  a-dern';  2  a-dorn',  vt.    To  furnish  with  orna- 
ments; be  an  ornament  to;  decorate.    [<  L.F  ad,  to,  + 
orno,  deck.] 

Syn.:  beautify,  bedeck,  deck,  decorate,  embellish,  gar- 
nish, gild,  illustrate,  ornament.  An  author  embellishes  his 
narrative  with  fine  descriptions,  the  artist  illustrates  it  with 
beautiful  engravings,  the  binder  gilds  and  decorates  the 
volume.  A  feast  is  garnished  with  flowers.  Deck  and  bedeck 
are  commonly  said  of  apparel.  To  ornament  is  to  add  what 
really  confers  outward  beauty.  Adorn  is  more  lofty  and 
spiritual,  referring  to  a  beauty  which  is  not  material  and 
can  not  be  put  on  by  ornaments  or  decorations.  We  say  of 
some  admirable  scholar  or  statesman,  "he  touched  nothing 
that  he  did  not  adorn."  See  garnish. — Ant.:  deface,  de- 
form, disfigure,  mar,  spoil. — Prep.:  with. 

— a-dorn 'ing.  I.  pa.  Ornamental.  II.  n.  Adornment. — 

a-dorn  'men  t ,  /».  The  act  of  adorning,  or  that  which  adorns; 

ornament. 

ad-Os"cu-la'tion,  1  ad-es'kiu-le'sTian;  2  &d-os"cu-la'shon, 

n.     1.  Bot.  (1)  Fertilization  of  flowers  by  falling  pollen. 

(2)  §  Grafting  by  insertion.    2.  Zool.  Fecundation,  as  of 

ova,  by  external  contact  only.    [  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  osculor, 

kiss.] 

A'do-wa,  1  a'do-wa;  2  a'do-wa,  n.  A  town  In  N.  E.  Abyssinia; 

pop.  5,000;  where  Abysslnians  defeated  Italians,  March  1, 

1896.  [down. 

a-down',  1  a-daun';  2  a-down',  adv.  &  prep.    Downward; 

a-drad'||,  1  a-drad';  2  a-drad',  a.  Afraid;  oppressed  with  fear. 

A-dras'tus,  1  a-dras'tus;  2  a-dras'tus,  n.  Gr.  Myth.   King  of 

Argos;  led  the  "Seven  Against  Thebes." 
ad-re'nal-in,  1  ad-ri'nai-in;  2  ad-rg'nal-In,  n.     A  powerful 
hemostatic  astringent  principle  of  the  suprarenal  gland.  [  < 
L.  ad,  on,  +  renes,  kidneys.] 
A'drl-an,  1  e'dn-an;  2  a'dri-an,  n.  One  of  several  popes;  espe- 
cially Adrian  IV.  (11007-1159)  (Nicholas  Breakspeare) .  the 
only  pope  of  English  blood. 
Ad"rl-a-no'ple,  1  ad"n-a-no'pl;  2  ad"ri-a-no'pl,  n.  1.  A  vilayet 
of  European  Turkey;  pop.  1,029,000.    2.  Its  capital,  pop. 
81,000:  captured  by  Balkan  Allies,  March  26,  1913. 
A"dri-at'ic  sea,  1  e"dn-at'ik;  2  a"dri-fi.t'ic.   A  sea,  E.  of  Italy; 

an  arm  of  the  Mediterranean. 
a-drift',  1  a-drift';  2  a-drlft',  adv.     In  a  drifting  state; 

drifting. 
a-droit',  1  a-dreit';  2  a-droit',  a.    Skilful  in  emergencies; 
dexterous;  expert.     [F.,  <  d,  to,  +  droit,  right.] 
Syn.:  see  clever. 

— a-droit'ly,    adv.— a*-drolt'ness,  n. 
ads.,  ad  vis.,  abbr.  Advertisements. 
ad"sel-tl'tlous,  1  ad'si-tlsli'us;  2  ad'sl-tlsh'us,  a.     Supple- 

miniul.  [<  L.  adscttus,  pp.,  <  ad,  to,  +  scto,  know.] 
ad-sorb',  1  ad-serb';  2  ad-sorb',  vt.  To  condense  and  bold 
(a  gas)  by  adsorption.  [  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  sorbeo,  suck  in.]— 
ad-sorp'tlon,  n.  The  action  of  a  body  in  condensing  and 
holding  a  gas  upon  it. 
ad'u-latc,  1  ad'yu-let;2  Jtd'yu-lat,  vt.  [-LAT"EDd;  -lat"- 
ing]  To  flatter  servilely;  praise  extravagantly.  (<  I.. 
iiiluliir,  fawn.]— ad"u-la'tloii,  n.  Servile  Mattery;  extrav- 
agant and  hypocritical  praise;  fulsome  compliment.-  ad'u- 
la"tor,  rj.— ad'u-la-to-ry,  a.  Obsequiously  Haltering. 


V.llllUmlle       i   m  ,  |  ,         ,. full,  rftl.-;   but,  burn; 

atT.  .1  v.i.  ii        i  i  .....  «»i .  w6n,    16 


v  lllll-ll 


i 
ii 

.-     Ill  ad»l»WH      I  1-dUll    li'". 

I -lull     1 1 I 

.  I 

II. 

,t-<l  III  'l«T-.l  III  . 

i-   I  111     - 

Irc-A    ■  .-.I  ul    I.  r-  i    lor, 

»-,ltll   I.  r->. 

.i-.liil  "i.  r-.r.  .i-.liil  'Cer-esa, 
a-dui'li-r-lm-. 
I 

.l-dlll'llT- 
OUV  -I.. 

ad-urn   lir.iii.  . 

.».!-  ii  in  'brant, 

...I    1'iii-l.r.i    lie n. 

.iil-iiin  bra-tli  .    .    .      Faintly  liidl- 

i-  .  ■;    h'it- 

.    pp.   .if 
i-.l  mi  '.  .it.-,     . 
i-iltinc': ; 
i-ilun.  ..u~ :  :  .i-.l  1 1 1  ■  <  i  M   :       :i-«l  uii'<'l-t> . 
iped. 
a-du«*  the  dusk  or  k'loom. 

a-<lu«t     . 
a-du»t  tad  dry;  burned; 

(  <  L.  adustus,  pp.,   <  ad,  to,  -f-  uro, 

Ml  adv.,  nWr.    Ad  ml- 

according  :•  rblal,  adverbially,  ad- 

~:alnst,  oppo.'  ment. 

•  «-lo'rem:  2  ad  va-lo'rem.   [I..]   According 
or  In  proDor-  id  valorem  duties,  which  are 

ascertained  by  a  determinate  percentage  on  the  vain 
roods  imp-  - 
a.l-i.m..    .  _' ad-vanc',  r.    [advanced'1;  ad- 

I.         1 .    .  r  bring  foru 

.'.  i  ir  on  credit; 

help  forward;  ac  I.  To  lift  to  a 

increase;  pro- 
4  .  II.      LTogo  forward; 

make  progress;  e-  -'■       I  rise  in 

val  . 

iu-h.  rjfCBauai;  serve. 
ad-\  in.  •    .  .  pertaining  to,  or  being  an  advance; 

•  payment. 
ad-vaiu  .    .  I.    'm  advancing;  progr.-**;  improvement, 

-r  supplied  or  paid  beforehand;  prepayment. 
Ii  for  some  object;  over- 
in  the  ploraL    4.  The  p 

front;  a  lead; 
•tart      ad-vanred'.pa.  Being  In  advance;  having n 

'   !fe.  etc.:  marked  by  or  char- 
ad -i  :i  nrr' me  tit,  n.  An  ailvuur:- 
tnc.  or  being  advanced :  furthera:. 
ad-,  in   I  ij.  .  .-vun'tij;  2  I. 

nan  advan- 
II.  ■  favor- 

i-tance; 
Syn.:  see  promt: 
ed'vaD-ta'gi  sons,         Afford- 
ing advantage,  profitable    I  3FTJL: see Kranmrr; 
i.|  "vaii-ta'ejeous-l) ,     ridt.  —  ad"van-ta'g>ou~ 

ad-i.n.  '     1  vi-vln';  2  I ■;■  D-VBABi/;  ad-vex'- 

I  II.  Ided,  as 

something  subsidiary.  [<  L.  advenio,  <  ad,  to,  + 

ad 'rent.  1.  A  coming  or  arrival, 

-  person.     2.  [A-]  fl)  The 

The  season  inrfmwng  the 

is.    (  <  L.  a// 

Wff.'  ~  ^t.  An- 

-  i  day,  the  Its  Ld'veat-Ist,  n 

■■ho  lays  special  stress  on  Christ's  second  coming. — 

laj  'vcni-l-rii.  •. 

a-tt'ttoaa,  :    .  .  ..'  Id"v£n-tU 

1  xtrinsic;  accidental;  casual.  2.  Pathol. 


■i.  i  ■  r m< d  wnii. .hi  ordi  i 

or  in                               i  inn  aw  .\  ir..ni  the 

i . .  ntivi  -l> .              -ii.  v-.. 

i  i  ren  ii>.  .  tiv, a.  1.  /.'.../    i  >i.i\ 
ad-ven'tlv*, 

1.1     V  •    II     I  lir.    . 

I.  I    I'..  venture  upoi 

oneself ; 
I.   II.  n.   I.  A  hasardoui 

iu    .(  .  1  >  mgoi ;  basard .  ohan 

i  % . 

ail-veil  'lur-.  |  .  ,,r  ..f  :i.l\  .-nt  ur.  - .  one  »  ln>  seeks 

tune  in  new  fields  ..r  bj  Questionable  expodli 

i.i-i.  ii  i  n r-, — .  «      \  female  adventurer. 
ad-ven'tur-ous,  l   ad  tren'enur-{or  -tiur-]us{  :.'  od-vfin'- 
chuHf -tflr-Jus,        I.  idventurea  or 

taJce  riaka;  venturesome     nfl-vm 'ttirci-aomct'    '•'•   At- 
tended w  lib  rl>k  .  Ii.  BKAYB. 

ad-ven'tor-ous-ly,  .ui-n  n  'tor-oiu-netti  n 

ad 'verb.  1  ad  vurb;2     I  v.rl>,  n.  Oram,   Any  woi 
to  modify  verba,  adjectives,  ..r  other  adverbs,  |  •    I 

il-i  ir'l.l-al,    1    ad  i  iir'l.i-,.l:  2  Id- 

v.'r'i.i-:ii.  .i    i  >f.  pertaining  to,  containing,  or  tending  t<>  am 
adverbs.    ad-ver"hi-ali-f>,  n.  The  quality  that  marks  or 

■  i.l-i.  r'hl-al-l)  ,  <i./r. 
.id    iiT-vi-f),  1    .  :         ■  :i.  2  ad'v.r-sfi-ry,  n.   [-RISS*.  pi  \ 

( >n.-  actively  hostile;  an  opponent ;  enemy,    |  <  L.    ad, 
i  urn.]    Syn.;  see  antagonist;  enbki 

ad-ver's.i-tiv    e\    1    :id-\ ■ur'.-.-tiv;  2  ad-ver'sa-tlv.     I.  a. 

Bzpr  in.. n  ur  antithesis.  II.  n.  An  antithetic 

w.. rd.    -Ij, 

ad 'verse,  1  ad'vurs;S Sd'vSrs,  a.   I.  opposing  or  opposed; 
c;  detrimental.    Sty*  Opposite,    [<L.  ad,  to, 

urn.]    Synjsce  immhu.. 
ad 'verse-ly,  tulr. — ad'verse-ness,  n 
ad-ver'sl-ty,  1  ad-vdr'si-ti;  2  ad-v8r,si-ty,  n.   [-ties*,  pi] 
A    condition    of    hardship    or    affliction;    misfortune; 
calamity. 

Syn.:  calamity,  disaster,  distress,  hardship,  misery,   mis- 
fortune.    See  CATABTBOPHI;   MISFORTUNE. — Ant.:  blessing, 
prosperity,  success. 
ad-vert',  1  ad-vurt';  2  ad-v5rt',  vi.     To  turn  the  mind; 
ntally:  with  to.    [<  L.  ad,  to.-f-  verto,  turn] 
Syn.:  see  allude. 

— ad-ver'tence,  n.  The  act  of  adverting;  notice.— ad- 
ver'ten-cy,  n.  Attcntlveness.  —  ad-ver'tent,  a.  Giving at- 
tentlon;  heedful. — ad-ver'tent-ly,  adv. 
ad  'vcr-tisf,  i  l  ad'ver-tais;2  .'i.l'\ .  r-tis,  v.  [-tisedi-tis*- 
ad'ver-tizep,  ^  is.;.]  I.  t.  To  make  known  by  public  no- 
tioe;  publish;  inform.  II.  i.  To  give  public  notice.  [< 
X..F  ad,  to,  +  verto,  turn.] 

Synj  see  announce;   publish;   inform. — ad-ver'tlse- 
ment,  1  tKl-vOr'tiz-inent  or  ad'var-talz'meut:  2  ad-vSr'tls- 
ment  ur  ad'ver-tls'mCnt,  n.    A  printed  public  notice,  as  In 
a  newspaper;  notification,    ad-ver'tlze-ment;. — ad'ver- 
tls"er.  «.    One  who  advertises. 
ad-vice',  1  ad-vais';  2  ad-vic',  n.    1.  Encouragement  or 
dissuasion;  counsel;  suggestion.    2.  Information;  notifi- 
cation:  often  in   the  plural.      3[.  Deliberation;   fore- 
thought; prudence.     [  <  L.'  ad,  to,  +  video,  see.] 
Syn.:  see  ooi  irei  i.. 
ad- vise',    )  1  ad-voiz';  2  ad-vis/,  v.    [ad-vxbxd';  ad-vis'- 
::il-\i/e'p,  )  ing.]     I.  t.     1.  To  gjve  advice  to;  counsel; 
warn;  recommend.    2.  To  apprize  (of);  notify;  inform. 
II.  i.   To  take  or  g  ;  consult.    [<  F.  art'«er,  < 

LL.adel  urn.  idviceJ   Syn.: see adhonibh; htfobic. 

— ad-vls"a-biri-ty,  n.  ad-vls'a-bl(e-iiess''J.— ad-vis '- 
a-M  .',  a.     I.   Proper  to  be  advised  or  recommended;  ex- 
'.    25.  Ready  to  be  advised;  open  to  advice. — ad- 
vis'a-bij,  adi     ad- vised',  pa.    l.  Done  wiiti  advice  or 
counsel,  or  with  deliberation  and  forethought ;  Intended;  de- 
liberate; prudi         '.'.  i  aw   eled.    :i.  [nformed.    Syn.:  see 
ad-vls'ed-Iy,  ndt.    with  forethought  or  ad- 
vlce;  not  hastily.— ad-vu'ed-ness,  n.—  ad-vlse'ment,  n. 
Consultation:   deliberation.— ad-vls'er,  n.     One  who  ad- 
a.|-i  l  -i.-r> ,  n.    Having  power  to  advise;  containing 
or  ulven  as  advice;  not  mandator;. . 
ad'vo-ca-oy,  1  ad'vo-ka-si;  2  ad'vo-ca-cy,  n.   The  act  of 
or  pleading  a  cause;  a  vindication;  defense. 
ad'vo-eate,  1  ad'vo-ket;  2  ad'vo-eat.    I.  vt.    [-cat'ed11; 
-CAT*rjfQ.|   To  speak  in  favor  of;  defend;  plead  for.    II. 
F»,   One  who  pleads  the  cause  of  another;  an  intercessor; 
defender;  counselor.  [  <  L.r  athoco,  call  to,  <  ad,  to,  + 
mi.  voice]    Synj  see  plead. 

ad  'io-ca"tor,  n.—  ad'vo-ca"to-ry,  a. 
ad"vo-ca'tlont,  n.     Advocacy;  advowaon;  appeal. 
ad"vow-ee',  1  ad'vau-I';  2  ad"vow-e',  n.   One  having  the 
right  of  axlvowson;  a  pat'on. 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  hablt;    aisle;    au  =  o«t;    ell;    Iu  =  feud;    dhin;    go;     n  =  sireg;    thin,    this.    Adllllamite 
17    2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  affect 


ad-vow'son,  1  ad-vau'zan;  2ad-vow'son,n.  Therightof 
presentation  to  a  vacant  ecclesiastical  benefice;  patron- 
age. [  <  OF.  avoeson,  <  L.  advocatio(n-) ;  see  advocate.] 

ad"y-na'mi-a,  1  ad"i-ne'mi-a;  2  ad"y-na'mi-a,  n.  Med. 
Lack  of  physical  strength,  resulting  from  disease.  [< 
Gr.  adynamia,  <  a-  priv.  +  dynamai,  be  able.)  a-dyu'a- 
myt. — ad"y-nam'ic,  1  ad"i-nam'ik;  2  ad"y-nam'ic,  a.  1. 
Pathol.  Pertaining  to  or  characterized  by  adynamia.  2. 
Physics.  Not  produced  or  not  affected  by  the  action  of  forces. 

ad'y-tuni,  1  ad'i-tum;  2  ad'y-tfim,  re.  [-ta,  1  -ta;  2  -ta, 
pi.]  An  inner  or  secret  shrine.  [L.,  <  Gr.  adyton,  <  a- 
priv.  4-  dyo.  enter.] 

adz,  1  adz;  2  adz,  vt.  To  hew  or  dress  with  an  adz.  adzef. 

adz,    /  re.    A  hand  cutting»tool  having  its  blade  at  right 

adze,  (angles  with  its  handle  and  usually  curved:  used 
for  dressing  timber,  etc. 
[  <  AS.  adesa,  adz.] 

ae,  1  T,  e,  or  r,  2  e,  e,  or  e. 
A  diphthong  of  Latin 
origin,  equivalent  to 
Greek  ai.  In  many 
words    e    is    commonly 

substituted,  or  in  Greek  j    Coopers.  adz.    2.  Carpenters' 
proper  names  and  deny-         adz      3.  sculptors' adz. 
atives    ai.      For   words 

not  found  under  se,  as  aegis,  /Eolian,  etc.,  see  egis, 
Eolian,  etc. 

ae,  16;  2  a,  a.  [Scot.]  One. 

se.,  aet.,  setat.,  abbr.  [L.]  JEtatis  (of  age,  aged). 

.flS-e'tes,  1  I-i'tiz;  2  e-e'tes,  re.  Gr.  Myth.  King  of  Colchis; 
father  of  Medea  and  possessor  of  the  golden  fleece. 

jE-ge'an  sea,  1  I-ji'an;  2  e-ge'an.  A  sea  between  Greece  and 
Asia  Minor;  an  arm  of  the  Mediterranean:  so  called  because 
vEgeus,  king  of  Athens,  was  drowned  in  it. 

/E-gl'na,  1  I-jai'na;  2  e-gi'na,  re.   An  island,  town,  and  gulf  in 

E.  Greece.— ^E"gi-ne'tan,  a.  [sea.  M'gert- 

K'glr,  1  i'jir;  2  e'gir,  re.   ATorse  Myth.   The  god  of  the  stormy 

jE-gis'thus,  1  I-jis'£hus;  2  e-gis'thus,  re.  Lover  of  Clytem- 
nestra;  accomplice  in  murder  of  Agamemnon. 

^"gos-pot'a-mi,  1  i"ges-pet'a-mai;  2  e"g6s-pot'a-mi,  re.  River 
and  town  in  Thrace;  Athenian  fleet  defeated,  405  B.  C. 

.■E-mll'i-a,  1  i-mil'i-a;  2  e-mil'i-a,  re.  A  Roman  matron;  wife 
of  Scipio  Africanus  and  grandmother  of  the  Gracchi. 

jE-ne'as,  1  I-ni'as;  2  e-ne'as,  re.  Gr.  Myth.  Trojan  prince;  hero 
of  the  .Eneid;  traditional  king  of  Latium. 

jE-ne'id,  1  I-ni'id;  2  e-ne'id,  re.  A  Latin  epic  poem  by  Vergil 
narrating  the  adventures  of  ^Eneas. 

£5-o'li-a,  1  I-o'li-a;  2  e-6'li-a,  re.  A  country  in  ancient  Greece 
or  in  Asia  Minor,  occupied  by  the  Eolic  race.  jH'o-lisl. 

iE'o-lus,  1  i'o-lus;  2  e'o-lus,  re.  Class.  Myth.  1.  The  god  of  the 
winds.  See  Eolian.  2.  A  Thessalian  king;  founder  of  the 
Eolic  race. 

ae'on,  ae-o'nl-an.    Classic  forms  of  eon,  etc. 

a'er-,      )1  e'ar-,  e'ar-i-,  e'ar-o-;    2  a'er-,  a'er-i-,  a'er-o-. 

a'er-i-,  >  From  Greek  aer,  air:  combining  forms  denot- 

a'er-o-,  )  ing  situation,  motion,  or  growth  in,  use  of,  or 
relation  to  air  or  a  gas. 

a'er-ate,  1  e'ar-et;  2  a'er-at,  vt.  [-at'ed11;  -at"ing.]  1.  To 
supply  or  charge  with  air  or  gas;  make  ethereal.  2.  To 
oxygenate,  as  blood.  [  <  L.  aer,  <  Gr.  aer,  air.] — 
a"cr-a'tlon,  re.—  a'er-a"tor,  re.   An  apparatus  for  aerating. 

a-e'ri-al,  1  e-I'n-al;  2  a-e'ri-al.  I.  a.  Of  or  like  the  air; 
atmospheric;  high  in  air;  growing  in  the  air;  airy;  spiri- 
tual.    S.vn.:  see  airy. 

II.  n.  Elec.  An  antenna,  as  in  wireless  telegraphy. 
[<  L.  aer,  air.]  — aerial  slokness,  a  sickness  to  which  aer- 
onauts are  liable,  caused  by  constant  variation  in  altitude 
combined  with  rapidity  of  motion,   -a-e'ri-al-ly,  adv. 

a'er-ie,  1  e'ar-i;  2  a'er-i,  n.  The  nest  or  brood  of  a  preda- 
tory bird,  as  the  eagle,  on  a  crag.  [  <  L.F  area,  open 
space.)  a'er-yt;  al'er-lel;  al'er-yt. 

a"er-lf'er-ous.  a.  Containing  or  conveying  air.  [<  aeri-  + 
L.  fero.  bear.] — a'er-I-form,  a.  Like  air;  gaseous;  unsub- 
stantial: Intangible.    [<  L.  aer,  air,  +  forma,  form.] 

a'er-l-fy,  vt.    1.  To  aerate.    '£.  To  change  Into  a  gaseous  form. 

[<    AEKI-    +    -FY.] 

a'er-o,  1  e'ar-o;  2  a'er-o.  re.  [Colloq.]  Any  air-vehicle. 

a"er-o'bl-a,  n.  pi.  Biol.  Bacteria  that  require  free  oxygen 
for  the  maintenance  of  (heir  vitality,  a'er-obe,  re.  — 
a"er-o'hie,  a. 

a'er-o-boat",  n.  [Colloq.]  A  hydroaeroplane  or  flying' 
boat. 

a'er-o-hus",  n.  [Colloq.]  Aii  :k  roplane  or  air-ship  that 
carries  passengers. 

a'er-o-eurve,  1  e'ar-o-kfirv;  2  a'ir-o-curv,  re.  An  aero- 
plane slightly  arched  from  front,  to  rear. 

a'er-o-drome,  1  O'ar-o-drom;  2  a'cr-o-drorn,  n.  1.  A 
course  for  flying-machines.  '£.  A  flying-machine.  3.  A 
place  for  storing  flying-machines. — a"er-o-drom'lc,  a. 


a'er-o-gram,  1  e'ar-o-gram;  2  a'er-o-gram,  re.  A  wireless 
message. 

a'er-og'ra-phy,  re.  A  treatise  on  the  atmosphere  and  its  phe- 
nomena.   [<  aero-  +  Gr.  grapho,  write.] 

a'er-o-gun",  1  e'ar-o-gun";  2  a'er-o-gun",  re.  A  cannon  spe- 
cially constructed  for  use  against  aerial  vessels. 

a"er-o-hy'dro-plane,  re.    Same  as  hydroaeroplane. 

a-er'o-ist,  w.    one  versed  in  air-craft. 

a'er-o-lite,  1  e'ar-o-Iait;  2  a'er-o-lit,  re.  A  mass  falling  on  the 
earth  from  celestial  space.  See  meteorite.  [  <  Gr.  air,  air, 
+  lithos,  stone.]    a'er-o-litht. — a"er-o-lit'ic,  a. 

a"er-ol'o-gy,  re.  The  branch  of  physics  that  treats  of  the  laws 
and  phenomena  of  the  atmosphere. — a"er-o-log'ic,  a"er- 
o-log'i-cal,  a. — a"er-ol'o-gist,  re. 

a"er-o-me-cnan'ics,  1  e"ar-o-mi-kan'iks;  2  a"er-o-me-can'- 
ics,  re.    Pneumatics. 

a"er-om  'e-ter,  n.  An  apparatus  for  weighing  and  estimating 
the  tension  of  air  or  other  gases. — a"er-om 'e-try,  re.  The 
science  of  weighing  and  measuring  air  and  other  gases.  [< 
aero-  +  Gr.  mclron,  measure.] — a"er-o-met'rlc,  a. 

a'er-o-mo"tor,  1  e'ar-o-m6"tar;  2  a'er-o-mo"tor,  n.  1. 
A  flying=machine  propelled  by  a  motor.  2.  A  motor  for 
use  on  an  aeroplane. 

a'er-o-naut,  1  e'ar-o-net;  2  a'er-o-nat,  n.  One  who  navi- 
gates the  air;  a  balloonist  or  aviator.  [  <  Gr.  aer,  air,  + 
names,  sailor.] — a"er-o-nau'tic,  a.  Pertaining  to,  floating 
in,  or  navigating  the  air.  a"er-o-nau'ti-cali. — a"er-o- 
nau'tlcs,  re.  The  branch  of  aerostatics  treating  of  floating 
in  or  navigating  the  air. — a'er-o-naut-ism,  re.  The  prac- 
tise of  aeronautics:  ballooning.  [phyton.  plant.] 

a'er-o-pnyte,  re.    An  air-plant,  as  an  orchid.    [<  aero-  + 

a'er-o-plane,  1  e'ar-o-plen;  2  a'er-o-plan,  n.  1.  A  flying* 
machine  sustained  in  the  air  when  moved  through  it,  as 
by  a  motor=engine,  with  the  planes  at  a  slight  angle.  2. 
One  of  the  supporting  surfaces  or  planes  by  means  of 
which  a  flying-machine  is  sustained  in  the  air.  3.  A 
small  plane  for  experiments  in  aerostatics.  See  illus. 
on  next  page. — a'er-o-plan"ist,  re. 

a'er-o-stat,  1  e'ar-o-stat;  2  a'er-o-stat,  n.  1.  A  lighter* 
than=air  fly ing=machine;  balloon.  2§.  An  aeronaut.  [< 
Gr.F  aer,  air,  +  statos,  standing,  <  histlmi,  make  stand.] — 
a"er-o-stat'ic,  a"er-o-stat'i-cal,  a. 

a"er-o-stat'ics,  1  e"ar-o-stat'iks;  2  a"er-o-stat'ics,  n.  1. 
The  branch  of  pneumatics  that  treats  of  the  mechanical 
properties  of  air  and  gases  not  in  motion.  2.  Aerostation. 

a"er-o-sta'tion,  1  e"ar-o-ste'slian;  2  a"er-o-sta'shon,  n. 
The  art  of  raising  and  supporting  bodies,  as  balloons,  by 
means  of  fluids  fighter  than  air:  contrasted  with  aviation. 

I  <   AERO-  +  STATION.] 

a'ero-view",  n.  A  general  view  from  above,  as  of  sur- 
rounding country,  from  the  seat  of  an  aeroplane:  also,  a 
chart  of  that  so  seen. 

a'er-y,  1  e'ar-i;  2  a'er-y.  I.  a.  Airy;  spiritual;  lofty.  II.  re. 
See  aerie.    [  <  L.  aerius,  <  aer;  see  air1,  re.] 

./Es'chi-nes,  1  es'ki-niz;  2  es'el-ne§,  re.  An  Athenian  orator 
(389-314  B.  C);  rival  of  Demosthenes.      [(525-456  B.  <    1 

£5s'chy-lus,  1  es'ki-lus;  2  es'ey-lus,  re.    A  Greek  tragic  poet 

^s"cu-la'pl-us,  1  es"kiu-le'pi-us;  2  es*cu-la'pi-us,  re.  Gr. 
Myth.    The  son  of  Apollo  and  god  of  medicine. 

jE'sir,  1  I'sar  or  e'sar;  2  6'ser  or  a'ser,  re.  [Ice.]  The  gods  of 
the  Norse  pantheon  collectively. 

/E'sop,  1  I'sep;  2  6'SOP,  n.   A  Creek  fabulist  (6197-564  B.C.). 

a;s-thet'ic,  aes-thet'lcs,  se'ther,  aj"ti-ol'o-gy,  etc.     Seo 

ESTHETIC,  ETHER,  ETIOLOGY,  etc. 

/E-to'11-a,  1 1-to'li-a;  2  e-to'li-a,  re.  A  district  of  W.  Greece.— 
jE-to'll-an,  a.  &  re.  [African. 

A.»F.,  A.=Fr.,  abbr.    Anglo-French.  — Af.,  Afr.,  abbr.    Africa, 

a-far',  1  a-fdr';  2  a-far',  adv.  1.  At  or  to  a  distance;  re- 
motely. 2.  From  a  distance:  now  usually  preceded  by 
from.     [  <  aj  +  far.]    a-fer't. 

a-fear',  1  a-flr';2  a-fSr'.  [Dial,  or  Obs]  I.  vt.  To  make  afraid. 
II.  adv.    In  fear.    III.  con}.    Lest.    [  <  AS.  afseran.\ 

a-feard',  1  a-flrd';  2  a-fCrd',  pa.  [Colloq.]  Afraid,  a-fearde't. 

a-feb'rlle,  1  a-feb'ril;  2  a-fCb'ril,  o.  Free  from  fever. 
[a-14,  not] 

alT,  1  af ;  2  &f,  adv.  &  prep.    [Scot.]    Off;  off  from. 

air.,  abbr.      Affectionate,  affirmative,  affirming. 

af'fa-blie1',  1  af'a-bl;  2  af'a-bl,«      I'lany  and  courteous  in 
manner.     [<  L.F  ad,  to,  +  /or,  speat  I 
S.vn.:  see  bland;  friendly. 

af"fa-bU'l-(y,  re.      The  quality  of  being  affable;  easy 
courtesy.     af'fa-bl(e-nesspt.  -  affa-bly,  adv. 

af-fair',  1  a-far';  2  ii-fftr',  n.  1.  Anything  done  or  to  be 
done;  business;  concern;  often  in  plural.  '*.  An  unim- 
portant event,  as  a  skirmish;  matter;  thing.  |  <  F,  a,  i". 

+  /aire,  do.]     Syn.:    see  BATTLE;    BUSINESS;   TRANSACTION 

af-fect"'1,  1  a-fekt';  2a-f8et',  vt.  I.  To  act  upon;  influ- 
ence. '£.  To  touch  or  move  emotionally.  [  <  L.  ad,  to, 
+  facio,  do.  1    Syn.:  see  concern:  influence. 


.(Iff.  ( 

Mil.    i 


..i»i.  i  I  "         ii'   bttrnj 

i       .        i  i     i  I  cy,  ft         ii        i  i 


ill..:       .         I  I 


Jt   I. .  -l.l  II 


' 

■ 

I  •  •  Ion;  In 

hi.  1 .    \ 

- 


■ 


'.in.  ni ;  lovi  mi. hi  ..I 

Syn     m  .    i  i  i  \.  1 1  v-  nip;  i    ,\  ( 

ii-i i-ii.  :  .     I.  <  if 

r         af-frr'- 
(lun-.il-l\     . 
.il-l.  .    II.. ii-. ilr,  1  .  II  .ii  - 

.  ins .  fond 

IHIIM.M  .ll-lic'llllll-.lte-l)  ,    .;   '■  .ll-li  I'- 

ll. .Il-.lll-lli  --.     . 
»f-frr    (lull,  il      .    .  \    • 

ii-i.  .    i n  i  Pertaining  tool 

.■  affi  otion;  ■  motional. 


Ai.H'.i'i.  una 

ipporting«plane;    B,  engine;  C,  C,  elevatlng«planes;   D,  vertical  rudder;    B,  propeller) 
in  ground.    -'.  Pannan  biplane     L,   I,  iupportlng«planee;  B,  elevatlng»plane;  C,  C,  tall, 
contain!-  ••■  monoplane:    AA,  supportlng«plane;    n.  engine;    C,  vertical  rudder;    i>.  pro- 

peller; E.  E.  framing.     4     IVrlght  bipU  ipportlng«planee;   H.  It.  runners  and  wheels;  C,  C,  Wire  bracing. 


af-f.  <  i  •  'I  .  .  L  Acted  upon; 

'.■    Attacked,   as  by 
'. 
■f  feel '.  'i  .  i . 

'.'.  Lng  a   liking, 

:. 

MISH. 

af-f  l-ii.  --. 

»r-r.riing  .  ;   .-•■  .  •■  efing,  pa.    Haying  power  to 

if-fi  <  i  'lng-lj . 
.' Ion. 

I.   i  •  '   act  of 
being  influem 

idental 
'.  .  ■        titutional  in- 
Syn.. 

■    ■     ■■(  feeling 


»r-f.rl'lnsc 

af-fi<    linn 


af-f.-.  'linn  . 


v .  ■  1 1  Strong  and 


af-fier'.la-flr';  2a-fer'.  rl.     1.  BtlQ .Law.   ToaaseSS.    2.  To 
confirm.    [  <  OF,  affcurer,  a/orer,  <  LI.,  nfforn,  fix  the  mar- 
l.   ad,  to,  +  forum,  market.]     af-fere't.  — af- 
feer'i-r, af-feer'or, n.—  af-fecr'ment, n.    Eng.  Law.    The 
ad  of  affeerlng. 
af  Tcr-oiif,   1   af'er-ent;  2  afer-ent,  a.     Conducting  in- 
ward, or  toward  the  center:  opposed  to  efferent.     [  <  I.. 
ad,  to,  -f  Zero,  bear.l 
af-tt'amc,  1  a-fai'ens;  2  a-fi'anc.    I.  tt.    [-anced';  -an.-- 
i'.i,  ]    To  promiae  in  marriage;  betroth;  pledge.    II.  n. 
1.    \  betrothal;  pledge  of  faith.     2.  Confidence.     3||. 
ip      [  <  \.r  ad,  to,  +  fidttS,  faithful] 
af-H'ant,  1  a-foi'ant;  2  a-fi'ant,  n.     One  who  makes  an 

:'.  it 

affl-da'vif,  1  af"i-dr'vit;  2  af'i-da'vit,  n.  A  voluntary 
sworn  declaration,  in  writing,  made  before  competent 
authority,    [LL.]    Syn.:  see  tehtimony. 

af-Ml'i-a«P,  1  a-fil'i-et;  2  a-ffl'i-at,  v.    [-at"ed'1;  -at"incj.) 


1:8=  final;    inhabit;    aisle;    an -out;    ell;    ia  =  fewd;    Cliin;    go;    n-Bing;   thin,   this.  affect 

19  2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   r||le,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  Africa 


1.  t.  1.  To  receive  on  friendly  terms;  associate  with: 
usually  reflexively  or  passively,  followed  by  to  or  with. 

2.  To  receive  as  a  child;  adopt.  3.  Law.  To  fix  the  pa- 
ternity of.  4.  To  determine  relations  of,  as  those  of 
origin,  etc.  II.  i.  To  be  intimate;  sympathize;  consort. 
[<  LL.  affilio,  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  Alius,  son.l— af-fil'i-ate.  I.  a. 
Affiliated.     II.  n.     Something  affiliated. 

af-fll"i-a'tion,  1  a-fil"i-e'slian;  2  a-fil"i-a'shon,  n.  The 
act  of  affiliating,  or  the  state  of  being  affiliated;  associa- 
tion; friendly  relationship;  connection;  adoption. 

af-fined',  1  a-faind';  2  a-find',  pa.  1.  Joined  by  artificial  ties; 
allied;  related  by  marriage.  2.  Zool.  Having  similar  struc- 
tural characters.  3||.  Under  obligation,  due  to  some  close 
relation. 

af-fin'i-ty,  1  a-fin'i-tt; ;  2  S-ffn'i-ty,  n.  [-tiesz,  pi.]  1.  Any 
natural  drawing  or  inclination;  close  relation  or  agree- 
ment; chemical  attraction.  2.  Biol.  Structural  like- 
ness in  organisms,  or  (Philol.)  in  languages,  indicating 
a  common  origin.  3.  Chem.  The  property  or  force  by 
which  different  elements  or  groups  of  elements,  when 
brought  into  contact,  unite  to  form  a  new  compound. 
4.  Relationship  through  marriage  (as  opposed  to  blood" 
relationship).  [<  L.  affinita(t-)s,  <  ad,  to,  +  finis,  end.] 
Syn.:  affinity,  analogy,  alliance,  birth,  blood,  consanguin- 
ity, descent,  family,  kin,  kind,  kindred,  race,  relationship. 
Kind  is  broader  than  tin,  denoting  the  most  general  relation- 
ship, as  one  of  the  whole  human  species  in  mankind,  human- 
tind,  etc.;  kin  and  kindred  denote  direct  relationship  that  can 
be  traced  through  either  blood  or  marriage,  preferably  the 
former;  either  of  these  words  may  signify  collectively  all  per- 
sons of  the  same  blood  or  members  of  the  same  family,  rela- 
tives or  relations.  Affinity  is  relationship  by  marriage,  con- 
sanguinity is  relationship  by  blood.  There  are  no  true  anto- 
nyms of  tin  or  kindred,  except  those  made  by  negatives,  since 
strangers,  aliens,  foreigners,  and  foes  may  still  be  kin  or  kin- 
dred. Affinity  Is  also  somewhat  vaguely  used  of  any  close 
agreement,  likeness,  or  attraction,  as  the  spiritual  attraction 
held  to  exist  between  certain  persons,  commonly  of  opposite 
sexes;  also,  of  any  natural  inclination  or  tendency  of  mind  or 
character  toward  certain  subjects,  activities,  etc. — Ant.:  see 
antipathy. — Prep.:  Jot. 

af-nrni',  1  a-furm';  2  a -firm',  r.  I.  t.  1.  To  declare  or 
state  positively;  make  (a  statement)  and  maintain  (it) 
to  be  true;  maintain;  assert;  aver.  2.  To  confirm,  estab- 
lish, or  ratify.  II.  i.  1.  To  maintain  the  affirmative. 
2.  To  make  a  formal  judicial  declaration.  [  <  L.  ad,  to, 
+  ftrmus,  firm.] 

Syn.:  assert,  asseverate,  aver,  declare,  depose,  indorse, 
maintain,  predicate,  propound,  protest,  state,  swear,  tell, 
testify.  Affirm  has  less  of  egotism  than  assert,  more  solem- 
nity than  declare,  and  more  composure  and  dignity  than 
asseverate,  which  is  to  assert  excitedly.  In  legal  usage,  affirm 
differs  from  sicear  In  not  invoking  the  name  of  God.  See 
allege;  assert;  state. — Ant.:  contradict,  deny,  dispute, 
gainsay,  negative,  oppose,  refute. 

— af-flrm'a-bl(ei>,  a.— af-firm'a-bly,  adv. — af-flrm'- 
ance,  n.  1.  Affirmation.  2.  Law.  Ratification;  confirma- 
tion.— af-flrm'ant,  n.  An  afflrmer;  in  law,  one  who  testi- 
fies under  affirmation  instead  of  formal  oath. 

affir-ma'tion,  1  af'ar-me'sTian;  2  afir-ma'shon,  n.  1. 
The  act  of  affirming,  or  that  which  is  affirmed;  a  decla- 
ration; statement;  predication.  2.  Law.  A  solemn  dec- 
laration made  before  a  competent  officer,  in  place  of  a 
judicial  oath.  3.  Confirmation;  ratification. 
Syn.:  see  testimony. 

af-flrm'a-tiv(es,  la-f5rm'a-tiv;2a-flrm'a-tiv.  I.  a.  Char- 
acterized by  affirmation;  asserting  that  the  fact  is  so; 
positive;  ratifying;  confirmative.  II.  n.  1.  That  which 
affirms  or  asserts;  an  expression  of  affirmation  or  as- 
sent. 2.  That  side  in  a  debate  which  affirms  the  prop- 
osition debated. 

af-firm'a-tiv(e-lys,  1  a-furm'a-tiv-h;  2  a-flrm'a-tlv-ly, 
adv.  In  an  affirmative  manner;  positively ;  on  the  affirm- 
ative side. 

af-fix",  1  a-fiks';  2  a-flks',  vt.     To  fix  or  attach;  fasten; 
join;  append.    [<  LL.  afflxo,  <  L.  ad,  to,  -\-figo,  fasten.] 
Syn.:  see  add. 

affix,  1  af'iks;  2  af'Tks,  n.  That  which  is  attached,  ap- 
pended, or  added ;  especially  a  prefix  or  suffix. 

af-fla'tion,  1  a-fle'slian;  2  a-fla'shon,  n.  A  breathing  on, 
to,  or  into;  inspiration. 

af-fla'tus,  1  a-fle'tus;  2  a-fla'tus,  n.  An  exaltation  of  soul 
under  divine  influence;  inspiration.  [L.,  <  afflo,  blow 
on,  <  ad,  to,  +  flo,  blow.] 

af-flict'd,  1  a-flikt';  2  a-fllct',  vt.  1.  To  distress  physically 
or  mentally;  oppress  with  suffering;  trouble;  grieve; 
distress.  2t.  To  cast  down;  overthrow.  [<  L.  ad,  to, 
+  fligo,  strike  down]    Syn.:  see  chasten;  hurt. 

af-flic'tion,  1  a-flik'slian;  2  a-fllc'shon,  n.  The  act  of 
afflicting  or  state  of  being  afflicted;  sore  distress  of  body 


or  mind;  that  which  causes  great  suffering  or  distress; 
grief;  calamity. 

Syn.:  chastening,  trial,  tribulation.  Affliction  may  be 
brief,  tho  keen  and  bitter;  tribulation  is  long  and  wearing. 
We  speak  of  our  daily  trials.    See  grief;  misfortune. 

— af-flic'tlv(e8,  a.  Causing  or  involving  pain  or  distress: 
grievous.     Syn.:  see  troublesome.—  af-flic'tiv(e-Iys,  adv. 

af'flu-ence,  1  af'lu-ens;  2  af'lu-enc,  n.  A  profuse  or 
abundant  supply,  as  of  riches;  wealth. 

af'flu-ent,  1  af'lu-ent;  2  aflu-Snt.  I.  a.  Abounding,  as 
in  wealth;  rich;  also,  flowing  freely;  fluent.  Syn.:  see  ample. 
II.  n.  A  stream  that  flows  into  another;  a  tributary. 
[<  L.Fad,  to,  +  fluo,  flow.] — af'flu-ent-ly,  adv. 

afflux,  1  af'luks;  2  af'luks,  n.  The  act  of  flowing,  or  that 
which  flows,  toward  a  point;  a  gathering;  collection.  ( < 
L.  affiuxus,  pp.  of  afftuo;  see  affluent,  a.]     af-flux'ionf . 

af-ford'd,  1  a-ford';  2  a-ford',  vt.  1.  To  have  sufficient 
means  for;  be  able  to  meet  the  expense  of;  incur  without 
detriment;  sustain;  bear;  stand.  2.  To  produce,  yield, 
or  furnish,  as  fruit,  profit,  etc.  [  <  AS.  ye-  (changed  to 
a/-),  intens.  +  forthian,  further,  promote.] 
Syn.:  see  endure. 

af-for'est,  1  a-for'est;  2  a-for'est,  vt.  To  convert  into  a 
forest;  also,  to  declare  subject  to  forest  laws.  [<  LL. 
afforesto,  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  LL.  foresta;  see  forest.] — af- 
for"es-ta'tlon,  n.     af-for'est-menti. 

af-fray'||,  1  a-fre';  2  a-fra',  v.  I.  t.  To  cause  to  feel  sudden 
fear;  terrify;  startle.    II.  i.    To  be  fearful. 

af-fray',  n.    A  public  brawl;  a  disturbance  of  the  peace; 
fight;  fray.     [<  OF.  affrayer,    <  L.  ex,  from,   +  LL. 
fridus,  peace,  <  OHG.  fridu,  peace.] 
Syn.:  see  altercation;  quarrel. 

af-freight'§d,  1  a-fret';  2  a-fret',  vt.  To  charter,  as  a 
vessel,  for  carrying  goods.  [  <  F.  affreter;  see  a-11, 
freight.]— af-freight'ment,  n. 

af-frlght'H,  1  a-frait';2a-frlt'.  l^.vt.  To  strike  with  sudden 
fear;  frighten.  Syn.:  see  frighten.  II.  n.  Sudden  fear; 
also,  a  cause  of  terror,  af-frlght'nientj.  [<  AS.  ajyrhian; 
see  a-2,  fright.]  Syn.:  see  alarm;  fear;  fright. 

af-front',    )  1  a-frunt';  2  a-front',  vt.     1.  To  insult  open- 

af-frunt'p,  \  ly;  treat  with  insolence;  offend  by  word  or 
act.  2||.  To  confront;  accost;  assault.  [<  F.  affronter, 
<  LL.  affronto,   <  L.  ad,  to,  +  fron(t-)s,  front.] 

Syn.:  aggravate,  annoy,  displease,  exasperate,  Insult,  Irri- 
tate, offend,  provoke,  tease,  vex,  wound.  Aggravate  in  the 
sense  of  offend  Is  not  In  approved  use.  To  provoke,  literally 
to  call  out  or  challenge,  is  to  begin  a  contest;  one  provokes 
another  to  violence.  To  affront  is  to  offer  some  defiant 
offense  or  Indignity,  as  it  were  to  one's  face.  The  offense 
Involved  in  an  affront  is  more  stinging,  that  In  an  insult  more 
deliberate  and  bitter.  Compare  pique.  —  Ant.:  conciliate, 
content,  gratify,  honor,  please.— af-fron'tIv(eB,  a. 

af-front',  n.  1.  An  open  insult  or  indignity.  2t.  A  meet- 
ing, whether  friendly  or  hostile.  Syn.:  see  outrage. 

af-fuse'§,  la-fiuz';  2a-fu.j',  vt.  [af-fused';  af-fus'ing.] 
To  pour  (upon),  as  water.  [<  L.  affusus,  <  ad,  to,  + 
fvndo,  pour.] — af-fu'slon,  re.     Pouring;  sprinkling. 

af-fy'll,  1  a-fai';  2  a-fy',  vt.    To  betroth;  trust  or  confide  In. 

af-fy'auncet,  n.     Affiance;  trust;  confidence. 

Afghan,  1  af'gan;  2  fii'gan,  n.  1.  A  native  or  the  native 
language  of  Afghanistan.  2.  [a-]  A  soft  coverlet  of 
knitted  wool—  Af  ghau,  a. 

Af-ghan"i-stan',  1  af-gau"i-stan';  2  af-gan*l-stan',  n.  A 
country  of  south  central  Asia;  250,000  so.,  m.;  pop.  5,900,000; 
capital,  Kabul. 

a-fleld',  1  a-fllcl';  2  a-feld',  adv.  1.  In  or  to  the  field; 
abroad.     2.  Off  \,he  track;  astray.     [<  a-1  +  field.] 

a-flre',  1  a-fair';  2  a-fir',  adv.  &  a.     On  fire,  in  any  sense. 

a-flame',  1  a-flrm';  2  a-flam',  adv.  &a.  Flaming;  glowing. 

a-float',  1  9-flot';  2  a-flot',  adv.  &  a.  Floating;  in  motion 
or  circulation;  adrift;  unfixed. 

a-foot',  1  a-fut';  2  a-foot',  adv.  1.  On  foot.  2.  Able  to 
walk.     3.  In  motion  or  progress;  on  the  move;  astir. 

a-fore',  1  8-for';  2  a-for',  adv.,  prep.,  &.  ctmj.     Before.     [  < 

as.  onforan,  merged  with  at-foran,  before;  sec  on.  at,  and 
roRE] — a- fore 'hand",  a.  Prepared;  supplied  with  what  in 
needed  for  the  future,  a-fore'sald",  a.  S:iid  or  mentioned 
before. — a-forp'tlioiight", a.  rntended, devised,  contrived, 
or  planned  beforehand;  premeditated,  a-fore  'lime",  adv. 
At  a  previous  time;  formerly.     a-fore'(lmes"t. 

a-foul',  1  a-fnul';  2  a-foul',  adv.  &  a.  In  entanglement  or 
collision. 

a-fraid',  1  a-fred';  2  a-frad',  a.  Filled  with  fear  or  appre- 
hension; apprehensive;  fearful.  [ME.  afraied,  pp.  of 
afraien,  <  OF.  affrayer;  sec  affray. j  [again. 

a-fresh',  1  a-frosV;  2  a-fresh',  adv.     Once  more;  anew; 

Af'rl-ca,  1  af'n-ka;  2  af'rl-<a,  n.  A  continent  of  the  eastern 
hemisphere;  the  second  largest  continent;  11,513,579  sq.  m.; 
pop.  170,000,000. 


ll'rl.   m 

-Jt.'Ull 


*i  i 


l  l         ol*«y.  go:  not,  6r;  full.  rOle;  l>Ol,  l>Orn; 


i.  I  I 

II.  I 

| 

■ 

1       1.   A 

ltlc«l 

•    fl»er. 
I  II 


I.  1  ."llliTaft        7. 

II.  I.  At  a  later  time.     2.  In 

III.  I .  .  i  ■.  eub- 

I. 

[■•haul 

I.   In  rc- 

• 

.  behind,  lit 

after  all,  nil 

•.-.,;    ,»:i  •>!■•»  after-birth",  n     ObiUt 

.    r  ;..■■•  .ill.  r-clap  '.  V'  urn  ipi    ••  -1 

.1   ter-erop",  n      A 

•  r-danip",  n       1'he  choke- 

■ 

•-r'_...     ;       af'trr-KliiH  '.  ■■      \  ,.•;..«  in  the  western  «kj 

»:t«-r    -.:.-•        .if   I.  r-in.il  h    .    ■  I'tie  •  '.    gra   --<:..:> 

it  for  hay:  a 
if  lrr-mo«t.  I 

all   mi. .-i  : .      •■  a.  n.iln^, 

lldblrth;  due  I 
.ii  1.  A  faro 

of  a  null!,  r. 
-i  bought",  ate  thought,  as 

after  dectskin  or  action;  Ice,  expedient,  ur  re- 

•  toeaeapeadlfflculty.— a..tiiiii-.         I   me  subsequent 
a.«wlt,  -in  or  thought 

a. -wit  ted,  a. 
.  .  i   .  :';  2  after-noon',  n.  That  part 

of  the  day  let;  figuratively,  the 

closing  pert,  as  the  afternoon  of  life, 
if   t,-r-»  ar.l.   .  I  h.     In  time 

af  tor-wardst. 
lj.,  ag.,  agrlc,  abbr.    Agrl- 

acrlcultural.  [Samuel.    ; 

~:  2  a'gag.  n.     An  Amaleklte  king;  slain  by 
a-galn'.  I  •-.  '•■■      1.  At  a  second  or  another 

ted:  said 
of  q  .  .  .1.    1      •'■    -  u  toe  or  ovit  the  same 

course;  back  'often,  back  again).    4.  In  correspondence 
with   *on>  ■  is  or  preceding;   in   reply;   re- 

it  place;  further;  moreov  i      6. 
•  he  other  hand.     [  <  A.S.  ongegn,  ongean,  <  on-  (see 

a-giln.  .    or  Obs.]    1.  In  resistance,  opposition,  or 

contract  to:  against;  toward,     t.  In  preparation  for. 

1.  Into  contact  or 

1 ;  opposite  or  con- 

ig  upon; 

.ppoaite  to.  '-•  In  Ifintni 

in  protection  fro;:.       '••  >n  for;  in  readiness 

»  -  >:T,  to. 

bit  of :  aa  a  charge  upon.    (ME.  aqa\ 

atdn  (<    AS.  ongegn;  W  "  (adv..  orlg.  gen. 

a-cal'lo-ehum.       -caro-kom;  2  a-gal'o-rum.  n.     Bol.    The 
d  Of  a  tree  of  the  spurge-laurel  famlh 
.rid  neighboring  regions:  the  aloes  or  aloos-wood 
of  toe  Sertptorea.     (<   Gr.  agaUochon.     bitter  alcn-  |     ag'- 
al  loci 
ac'a-ma.  i  .ig'a-ma;  2  ig'a- 
ma.  a.    A  tetieaulal  lizard 
tropical  regions  of 
-  . 

4r"»-mem'non,  1  ag*a- 
rnem'Don:  2  afa-mem'- 
oon.  n      In  the  Iliad,  king  Agama.     Vi 

'■roe:  leader  of  the 

be  Trojan  war;  assassinated  on  his  return.    See 

l  comic  1  n  cim'tlr"  ■  jim'ir  n     1.  a  ithout 

the   .  *f-s.  as  the  reproduction  in  cer- 

tain insects,  etc.     <2)  Capable  of  development  without 


8.  B  t    Cryptoi 

■ 

ag"a- 

iii..  s.  -n.  i   I.  .    . 
■■;*■  mom.  1  ik-  >-mos;8  Biol    Not  having 

luoed      |<   <  ir    agamot, 
unm  i 
i-iti»'  .  [nacaplnj 

!  Tin- 

.ti.ii  in .     |  •    i  Ii    ij'i"  .  love  | 

a-gar 'ir.  LI  r  the  mushroom 

In  Sarmatla  I 
ag'aa-ils, 

I.  Uexander    hi..    1910),  a  8w1ea>>Amerlcan  aoologlat  and 
I     l„.in-  J.-  in   Kn.lolplie  tlMi7    lsT.l  .  u  BwlOl 
nalu'  .  and  writer, 

agate,  1  ag'tt;  2  M'at,         1.   \  ■■  .u  quarto; 

ugi-in    8,  A obild a playing*marble.  3.  Print.  Boottpi 

;..•  in  whloh  I  Ills  line  Is  net. 

4.    \-...-  of    >evereJ  inatruments,  aa  the  draw-plate  ..f 
gold-wire  drawers.     51.  A  very  diminutive  pen 

>n  to  the  figures  cut  upon    •  ■        |1*.,< 

,|  ,  m  motion. 

a-gate   .    .  Of   N     1  DJ  ;      i  >n   Hie 

v-im  re,  ]    ■  -■    n;2i     i've,  n      \  I  trgi  gi 
of  the  amaryllia  family,  of  the  southern  I  nited  : 
M. m.'.i,  ei.- .  embraexng  the  osntury*pIant      (<   dr. 
ovum.*,  noble.) 
a-u.i/i-'.  I  8  a-ft&s',  a.  & aaV,    I  razing. 

age,  1  ej;  2  &g.    I.  at  A  wi.    [a  I    To  make, 

or  seem  to  grow,  old.    II.  n.    I.  period 

of  In-  ta  of  a  person,  thins,  nation,  etc.   'i. 

The  ■  .-••■  of  life  a.>  measured  by  the  time  al- 

.-ly  passed.     3.  The  closing  period  of 
.  .hue  ,,i  life;  the  atate  of  being  old.    t.  Aiy  period 
of  life  that  fits  or  unlits  for  any  function,  office,  ilL'ty, 
etc.     5.    \ny  period  of  life  naturally  distinct;  at 
hie.    6.  Any  ^r-nt  ami  distincl  period  of  time  in  the 
••■  of  man,  of  tlu'  earth,  etc.;  era;  epoch;  genera- 
7.    \  century.     [<  F.  Age,   <  L.  xtait-  a,  age  ) 
ageless,  'i      1.  Not  seeming  to  grow  old.    2.  llaviiu  DO 
of  duration, 
-age.  1.  i  ormln.:  collective  nouns:  as, bagRai/e.leafapr, 

'i.  1  inning  nouns  of  condition,  office,  service,  or  other  rela- 
tion or  connection;  as,  .lrayuje,  pilgrimage.  I<  ME.  -age.  < 
OF.  -age.  <  L.  -atlcum.] 
a'ged,  1  6'jed;  2  a'fted,  ;"■.  !•  Advanced  in  years.  2.  Of, 
like.  ,,r  characteristic  of  old  age;  old.  3.  Of  or  at  the 
age  of.  Synj  see  ami  i 
a-gee'.  |       .       .'    .-  4  a.     [Scot.]    Awry;  askew; 

jar.    (<  a-1  +  «;ke.]    a-Je«'+- 
a-gen  't,  adv.  &  prep. 

a'geii-t-y,  1  e'jen-ei;  2  t  gen-cy,  n.    [-ens',  pi.]    1.  Active 

or  operation;  activity;  instrumentality.    2.  The 

relation  of  an  agent  to  his  principal;  also,  the  business, 

orp;.  agent.   Srzuae ■kration, 

a 'gent,    1   e'j.nt;   2   a'gSnt      I.   •>■      Acting:   opposed   to 
passirr.     II.  n.     1.  One  who  or  that  which  acts  or  has 
•  ,  an  efficient  Cause  of  anything;  actor;  doer. 
■J.  '  Ine  who  or  that  which  acts  for  another;  a  factor; 
1 ;  deputy.    [  <  L.  agen(t-)s,  ppr.  of  ago,  do.] 
Syn  :  doer  factor,  instrument,  means,  mover, 

operator,  performer,  promoter.  In  strict  philosophical  usage, 
the  prime  morer  or  doer  of  an  act  Is  the  aponl.  Thus  we  speak 
of  man  as  a  voluntary  agent,  a  free  agent.  But  In  common 
usage,  especially  In  business,  an  agent  Is  not  the  prime  actor. 
nly  an  instrument  or  factor,  acting  under  orders  or  in- 
10ns.  Compare  cause.— Ant:  chief.  Inventor,  origi- 
nator, principal.—  Prep.:  An  agent  of  the  company  for  sell- 

A-eer 'a-tiim,  1    -jer'a-tom  or  ajVre'tum;  2  a-g'r'a-tum 

or  ag"e-ra'tum,  n.      Bot.     1.  A  small  genus  of  tropical 

-tor  family.     2.  (a-]   A  plant  of 

3.  [a-]    Any  one  of  several  similar  plants. 

1<  Gr.  a-  prlv.  +  gtraU-)s.  old  age.) 

A-ges"l-la'us,  1  a-jos'i-le'us;  2  a-ges*l-la'as.  n.  A  Spartan 
king  and  conqueror  '4447-360  B.  C). 

ag'ger,  1  aj'ar;  2  ag'er.  n.  Horn.  Antig.  1.  A  mound  or  heap: 
earthwork:  rampart.    2.  A  military  road.    [L.l 

A"gln"court',  1  6'3ah"kQr/:  2  ii'zhah'cur'.  n.  A  village  In 
N'    France;  KnglLsh  defeated  PYench.  Oct.  25.  1415. 

ag-glom'er-ate,  1  I  :  2  a-£16m'er-at.    I.  r(.  A 

ri.  [-AT"EDd;-AT"lN.;.|  To  gather,  form,  or  grow  into  a 
ball  or  mass;  heap  together  II.  o.  Gathered  into  a 
mass  or  heap;  clustered  densely.  III.  n.  A  heap  or 
mass  of  things  thrown  together  indiscriminately.     [  < 


1:8=  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    xt^eing;    thin,   this.        African 
21  2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  agouti 


L.  ad,  to,  +  glomus,  ball.] — ag-gIom"er-at'lc,  a. — ag- 
glom"er-a'tlon,  n.  An  orderless  mass,  heap,  or  cluster. 
Syn.:  see  aggregate;  heap. — ag-glom'er-a-tlv(e8,  a. 

ag-glu'ti-nate,  1  a-glfi'ti-net;  2  a-glu'ti-nat.  I.  v.  [-nat"- 
EDd;  -nat"ing.]  1.  To  unite,  as  with  glue;  join  by  ad- 
hesion. 2.  To  convert  into  glue.  II.  a.  Joined  by  ad- 
hesion.— ag-glu'ti-nant.  I.  a.  Tending  to  cause  ad- 
hesion; uniting.  II.  n.  1.  Any  sticky  substance  that  causes 
bodies  to  adhere  together.  2.  A  remedy  considered  capable 
of  uniting  divided  parts,  by  adhesion. — ag-g!u't!-nat"irig, 
pa.  Causing  or  characterized  by  agglutination. — ag-glu"- 
il-na'tlon,  n.  1.  Adhesion  of  distinct  parts;  a  mass  formed 
by  adhesion.  2.  Philol.  Combination  of  word=elements 
without  change. — ag-glu'tl-na-tlv(e8,  a.  Tending,  per- 
taining to.  or  characterized  by  agglutination. 

ag'gran-dize  or  -dise,  1  ag'ran-daiz;  2  ag'ran-diz,  v. 
[-dized;  -diz"ing.]  I.  t.  To  make  or  become  great  or 
greater;  increase;  exalt.  II§.  t.  To  become  greater. 
[<  L.r  ad,  to,  +  grandls,  great.] — ag"gran-dlze'ment  or 
-dlse'ment,  n.  An  aggrandizing;  increase;  exaltation. — 
ag'gran-dlz"er,  n. 

ag'gra-vate,  1  ag'ra-vet;  2  ag'ra-vat,  vt.  [-VAT"EDd; 
-vat"ing.]  1.  To  make  worse;  increase;  intensify.  2. 
[Collocj.]  To  anger;  provoke:  an  erroneous  use.  [<  L. 
ad,  to,  +  gravis,  heavy.] 

Syn.:  affront,  enhance,  heighten,  increase,  Intensify,  mag- 
nify, make  worse.  Enhance  and  magnify  are  oftonest  used  in 
the  lofty  and  good  sense;  as,  to  enhance  the  glory  of  God; 
"I  magnify  mine  office,"  Horn,  xl,  13.  Aggravate  is  used 
always  in  the  bad  sense,  to  make  worse  what  is  already  bad; 
as,  to  aggravate  a  fever  or  an  enmity.  See  affront:  in- 
crease.—  Ant.:  alleviate,  assuage,  attenuate,  diminish, 
lessen,  palliate,  reduce,  soften. 

— ag"gra-va'tion,  n.  1.  A  making  heavier  or  worse;  an 
enhancing  circumstance.  2.  [Colloq.]  Exasperation;  irri- 
tation.   3{.  Exaggeration. 

ag'gre-gate,  1  ag'n-get;  2  ag're-gat.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [-gat"- 
ed'1;  -gat"ing.]  1.  To  bring  or  come  together,  as  into  a 
mass,  sum,  or  body;  collect;  mass;  amount  to.  2§.  To 
add  to.    Syn.:  see  amass. 

II.  a.  Collected  into  a  sum,  mass,  or  total;  gathered 
into  a  whole;  formed  by  collection;  collective.  III.  n. 
The  entire  number,  sum,  mass,  or  quantity  of  some- 
thing; amount;  total;  collection.  [<  L.  ad,  to,  +  grex 
(greg-),  flock.] 

Syn.:  agglomeration,  aggregation,  amount,  collection,  en- 
tirety, heap,  mass,  sum,  total, totality,  whole.  An  aggregate  of 
financial  Items  is  an  amount,  sum,  or  total.  An  aggregate  or 
aggregation  of  material  objects  is  a  collection,  mass,  or  whole; 
an  agglomeration  is  a  heterogeneous  mass.  Collection  points 
ratiier  to  the  differences,  mass  to  the  unity.  We  say  a  col- 
lection of  minerals,  a  mass  of  rock.  The  result  of  multipli- 
cation is  a  product,  the  result  of  addition  a  sum,  total,  or 
aggregate. 

-<ig"gre-ga'tlon,  n.  A  collection  or  mass;  aggregate; 
whole.— ag"gre-ga'iiv(es,  a.  i.  pertaining  or  tending  to 
aggregation;  collective.    2}.  Gregarious. 

ag-gress',  1  a-gres';  2  a-gres',  vi.  To  make  the  first  at- 
tack; encroach;  intrude.    [  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  gradior,  walk] 

ag-gres'sion,  1  a-gresri'an;  2  a-gr6sh'on,  n.  An  unpro- 
voked attack;  encroachment;  aggressive  action  or  prac- 
tice. 

Syn.:  assault,  attack,  encroachment,  incursion,  intrusion. 
Invasion,  onslaught,  trespass.  An  attack  may  be  by  word;  an 
a'/cression  Is  always  by  deed.  An  assault  may  be  upon  the 
person,  an  aggression  is  upon  rights,  possessions,  etc.  An 
invasion  of  a  nation's  territories  Is  an  act  of  aggression;  an 
intrusion  upon  a  neighboring  estate  is  a  trespass.  Onslaught 
signifies  Intensely  violent  assault,  as  by  an  army  or  a  des- 
perado, tho  It  is  sometimes  used  of  violent  speech. — 
Ant.:  defense,  repulsion,  resistance,  retreat.  —  Prep.:  upon 
(sometimes  on). 

ag-gres'siv(e8,  1  a-gres'iv;  2  a-groViv,  a.  Disposed  to  at- 
tack or  encroachment;  also,  disposed  to  vigorous,  out- 
going activity  in  behalf  of  an  object.    -Iy,  adv.  -ness,  n, 

ag-sres 'sor,  1  a-gres' ar;  2  a-greVor,  n.  One  who  com- 
mits an  aggression  or  begins  a  quarrel. 

ag-griev(e'p,  1  a-grlv';  2  a-grev',  vt.     [ao-orieved';  ao- 
oriev'ing.]     To  cause  sorrow  to;  give  cause  for  just 
complaint;  oppress.    [  <  L.F  ad,  to,  +  gravis,  heavy.] 
Syn.:  see  abuse. 

ag-group",  1  a-griip';  2  a-firup',  vt.  To  group.  f<  F. 
agrouper,  <  a  ( <  L.  ad),  to,  +  grouper;  see  group,  n  \ 

a-ghast',  )  1  a-gast';  2  a-gast',  a.    Struck  dumb  with  hor- 

a-gast'H,  Jror.    [<  AS.  d-  (see  a-*)  +  axstan,  terrify.] 

ag'il'e8,  1  aj'il;  2  ug'il,  a.  Active;  nimble.  [<  L."*  ago, 
do. |    Syn.:  see  active;  nimble. — ag'lle-ly.  adv. 

a-gll'l-ty,  1  ii-jil'i-ti;  2 ■  a-gfl'i-ty,  n.  Quickness  and  readi- 
ness in  movement;  oimbli 

ag'l-O,  1  aj'i-o  nr  e'ji-o;2  ag'i-o  or  a'gi-o,  n.  The  premium 
payable  for  the  exchange  of  one  kind  or  quality   of 


money  into  another;  exchange  premium;  brokerage 
[<  It.  aggio,  exchange,  <  agio,  =  ease.]— ag'l-o-tage,  1 
aj'i-o-tij;  2  ag'i-o-tag,  n.  The  charge  of  an  agio;  brokerage; 
stock-jobbing. 

ag'i-tate,  1  aj'i-tet;  2  ag'i-tat,  v.  [-tat*edi1;  -tat'ing] 
I.  t.  1.  To  excite  (the  feelings);  perturb;  ruffle.  2.  To 
shake  irregularly.  3.  To  discuss  publicly  and  inces- 
santly. 4.  To  set  or  keep  moving.  SI].  To  revolve  in 
mind;  consider.  II.  i.  To  stir,  or  endeavor  to  excite, 
public  interest  and  action.  [<  L.  agito,  freq.  of  ago, 
drive.]    Syn.:  see  shake;  stir. 

— ag"I-ta't!on,  n.  Violent  motion  or  emotion;  open,  ac- 
tive discussion;  urgent  consideration.  Syn.:  see  TUMULT. — 
ag'i-ta"tor,  n.    fine  who  or  t  hat  which  agitates. 

A-gla'ia,  1  a-gle'ya;  2  a-gla'ya,  n.  Or.  Myth.  One  of  the  three 
( traces. 

ag'let,  1  ag'let;  2  ag'let.  n.  A  metal  sheath  or  tag  at  the  end 
of  a  lace  or  ribbon  (16th  and  17th  centuries)  to  facilitate 
threading;  hence,  any  ornamental  pendant.  [<  F.  aiguil- 
lelte,  dim.  of  aiguille,  needle]  alg'letj;  ai"gul-Iette't.- 
ag'letsba"byt,  n.  A  doll,  or  perhaps  -  parson,  decked  with 
aglets.  [askew,    a-glee't. 

a-gley ',  1  a-gll'  or  a-glal';  2  a-gle'  or  a-gl?',  adv.  [Scot.]  Aside; 

a-glow',  1  6-glo';  2  a-glo',  adv.  &  a.    In  a  glow;  glowing. 

ag'nail,  1  ag'nel;  2  ag'nal,  n.  A  hangnail.  [  <  AS. 
angnxgl,  <  ange,  narrow,  painful,  +  nsegl,  nail.) 

ag'nate,  1  ag'net;  2  ag'nat.  I.  a.  Related  on  the  father's 
side;  akin.  II.  n.  A  relative  in  the  male  line  only.  [  < 
F.  agnat,  <  L.  ad,  to.  +  nascor,  be  born.] — ag-nat'le,  a.— 
ag-na'tlon,  n.  Law.  A  relationship  traced  through  the 
male  line  only. 

Ag'nl,  1  ag'm;  2  ag'ni,  n.  Hind.  Myth.  The  god  of  fire  and 
lightning  or  sun»god  of  the  ancient  Aryans.    Ag'nlst. 

ag-nize'||,  1  ag-naiz';2ag-nlz',  vt.  To  recognize;  acknowledge. 

ag-no'men,  1  ag-no'men;  2  ag-no'men,  n.  [-nom'i-na,  1 
-nom'i-na;  2  -nom'i-na,  pi.)  An  added  name  due  to  some 
special  achievement  or  circumstance.  [<  L.  ad,  to,  + 
nomen,  name.] 

ag-nos'tl-cism,  )  1  ag-nes'ti-sizm,  -tiks;  2  ag-nos'ti-ersm, 

ag-nos'tics,  J -tics,  n.  The  doctrine  of  nescience, 
which  maintains  that  all  being,  including  God  and  the 
human  soul,  is  unknown  or  unknowable.  [Gr.,  <  a- 
prlv.  +  gignosko,  know.]— ag-nos'tlc.  I.  a.  Professing 
ignorance,  especially  In  religion.  II.  n.  One  who  holds  the 
theory  of  agnosticism.    Syn.:  see  skeptic. 

Ag'nus  De'l,  1  ag'nus  dl'ai  or  ag'nus  de'I;  2  ag'nus  de'I  or 
ag'nus  de'I.  [L.]  The  Lamb  of  God:  a  name  applied  to 
Christ  by  John  the  Baptist;  also,  the  figure  of  a  lamb  used 
as  an  emblem  of  Christ. 

a-go',  1  a-go';  2  a-go'.  I.  pp.  Gone  by;  past.  II.  adv. 
In  the  past;  in  time  gone  by;  since.  [<  AS.  agan,  go 
away,  <  a-  lntens.  +  gdn,  go.]— a-go'lng,  adv.  In  motion: 
with  set. 

a-gog',  1  a-geg';  2  a-gog',  adv.  &  a.  In  a  state  of  eager 
curiosity;  excited  with  interest  or  expectation.  [  <  OF 
en,  in,  +  gogue,  fun.] 

a-go'ing,  1  a-go'irj;  2  a-go'ing,  adv.  In  motion;  in  the  act 
of  going:  with  set;  otherwise  archaic  or  provincial. 

a-gom'e-tcr,  1  a-gom'i-tar;  2  a-gom'e-ter,  n.  An  instru- 
ment for  measuring  or  regulating  electric  resistance. 
[<  Gr.  agd,  drive,  -I-  metron,  measure.] 

a-gone',1  a-gen';2a-gon',  pa.  &adv.    [Poet.  &  Archaic]  Ago. 

ag'o-nlst,  1  ag'o-nlst;  2  ag'o-nlst,  n.  A  contestant,  as  for  a 
prize. — ag"o-nls'tlc,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  athletic  or  polemic 
contest.  2.  Striving  for  effect;  strained.  3.  Combative; 
polemic.  ag"o-nls'tl-caU.— ag"o-nls'tics,  n.  The  art  or 
science  of  athletic  contests. 

ag'o-nize,  )  1  ag'o-naiz;  2  ag'o-nlz,  v.    [-nized;  -niz"in<;.j 

ag'o-nise,  [I.  (.  To  subject  to  extreme  pain  or  agony; 
torture.  II.  i.  To  be  in  or  cause  agony;  writhe;  wrestle; 
strive.  [  <  Gr.  agonizomai,  contend  for  a  prize,  strivt  ] 
— ag'o-nlz"lng,  pa.  Causing  or  characterized  by  agony  or 
anguish.— ag'o-nlz"[or  -nls"Jlng-Iy,  adv. 

ag'o-ny,  1  ag'o-ni;  2  ig'o-ny,  n.  |-nikbz,  7>/.]  1.  [ntense 
suffering  of  body  or  mind;  anguish;  struggle.  2.  \  iolenl 
or  very  earnest  contest  or  striving.  3§.  A  sudden  acute 
emotion  of  joy.  [  <  Gr.L  agon, 
contest,  <  ago,  assemble.] 

Syn.:  ache,  anguish,  distress, 
pain,  pang,  paroxysm,  suffering, 
throe,  torment,  torture.  Agony 
and  anguish  express  the  Utter- 
most pain  or  suffering  of  body  or 
mind:  agony  that  with  whirl,  the 
sufferer  struggles;  anguish,  that 
by  which  he  Ls  crushed.  Com- 
pare affliction;  qbibf. 

a-giiml't,  adv.     In  good  earnest; 
lierirl  My. 

a-gou'tl,  1  a-gfl'ti;  2  a-gu'U.  n. 


Agouti,      '/li 

ader'lunbed  tropical 


American  rodent,  with  three  bind  toes,  a  little  larger  than  a 


Kzn 

.«i.i 


|    ■  •   a--     fat  PTJ   Mt.  pnltoo;   nlwv.  gA;  not.Ar;  full.  r0>;  hut,  I.Orn; 

iii  i       i  i  i  ,  .1       ..      or,  wdn, 


n 


<  *r 


:i  oriUJ- 

: 
■ 

\  unlvrr- 

I.  1.    1 

•ut  ion 
•    »•   ;«     ?.  H  '■      lir.'w.    .•  «  II.  t)m   who  ad- 

»-tr»   rl-.in-1-iii.  I 

A   llll    (III' 

...     ]         I. 

i. 

nuLi         ••  ipond; 

,  number, 

lag.] 

it.    Iiur- 

roup;  to 

■i  every 

•  .mi  more  than 

I     .. .  .  :.     -,v,    ::..,.  .    •■•-,-    ■.,-:.-. .r  r    :•;.-;•.'.   In  an  opinion,  but 

•. 

■'ills  his 
■ 
trior  or  dv. '  pusal.     Accede 

expresses  the  mor.   I  ihi- more  coin- 

demur,  deny, 

■  -.  -     :-...-..      :..-;..••     d is.-- nr.  opix.se.  protest,  refuse. 

i  lie  terms  pro- 
itetnetit  of  principles. 
rul<-  ■  tvfle. 

...til  ...  -   ■■  '  i-I'l.  n.     Agreeing 

irable;  suit- 
informable;  favorably  inclined; 

fortable.  delightful,  good. 

\n  agrec- 
■.--    •    .-,.[,.    .1  ho  «...!<!  readily  win  favor  In  anj   com- 

;..<t         \ 

■  expresses  kind  is  one 

dim,   hateful,  ohnox- 

■  .-    •"•■.-•...  una-  '••  p'.iiiie.  unaccommodating,  unattrac- 

. u  -ful.    unpleasant,    unwelcome.— 

3-«ri-«-"a-liH'l-i> .  •:  a-gree'a-hl  i-iii-s->  :.     a-sjree'- 
a-hl> .  dtably;  pleasingly. 

1.  Brought  into  or  being 
• ,  bargain,  or 

;.  ted, 

mi.  nl .  .  iin-iit,  n.     1. 

•ndence;  con- 

: 

Hal,  ■.  il.  o.     Rural;  un- 

tgtr,  field.]    a-gres'tlct; 

a-gri-  1 1-.  il   . 
»-rr>i. 
A-rrlr'i^U.  I  DJBtU  Julius  (37- 

ag'rl-i  nl' ' 1 1 1 r ■  .  .'  or  -tiiir;  2  ag'ri-clU'chur 

or  ■■                  1  '<>r  food" 

prr»:  '-'■                                    treats  of 

:1.  [  <  L."  ager,  field,  +  rultura, 

irt  — ,irie.  floriculture,  garden- 

nine,   market* 

;•.-:••      .     ■      ,.-.        •■••...•'.■  .■■■•.■  rw   ••  rn  .  Including 
at  one*  th<  ipptylng 

human  want-  by  raisin?  Il  d  by  the 

BSUOCftBted   Ind  .-•-.-     '.-",•,;■  i-   •>  ■    ;.-:,r- 1  - .    nf  agriculture 
aa  a  business:  then  but  riot 

•    .     -.  ■  ■     .     '.--,    ■.       ac  -;s-ak   .  >r  it.'-  -'iirir-i    ..f  agr  culture, 
...,-.-      r  '.-••.!'..    -'•:.'.•. i- >.   ■'•■■,:■  it.  may  be  wholly 
j:  •.•-. '•!-■■ ''.,  i-  practised  upon  the  land;  we 

H  -!."•/-.    •  ...  •  .•■    ra"  li>r  than  a  college  'if  farming 

<  ol'tar-al, 

Bar!,  :iK"rl-eul'tur-lst,  n.     One 

dman. 
»l'rl-mo-n>.        ufTt-mo-na    2  lt*ri-mo-ny,  n.     1.  An  erect 
perennial  herb  of  the  rose  family  with  small  yellow  flowers 


audi  >vored  with  hooked  hairs,    B.  Oni 

■   iier-.wM»»i»i|/. 
etc.  •!,  white 

■perk  I  to  be  cured  bj  thli  p 

l-grlp  pa.  -i     1.  Marcus  Vlpeanlut 

•    Mian  and  gem  ral 
IU  ROD    \..mrr* 

ag>ron'o>n>] .  I  aa  ren'o-mi  >-my,  a.    The  applica- 

tion of  scientific  principle*  to  the  cultivation  ..f  land;  sclen- 
tine  husbandry,  especlall)  in  production  ..f  flold-eroi 

distribute  I    ajt-rou'o-misi.  n 

•..."il/  differs  '  Uun   In 

thai  II  Is  concerned  onl)  with  crop-production,  while  agrieul- 

the  Improvement  and  care  of  animals  and  their 

products      Tin-  term  agronomy  is  fast  coming  Into  use  to  dc- 

idj  or  farm  operations  that  exclude  a  coo 

■■deration  Of  farm  animals. 

a-grope',  ]  ,   ,  ids,    [n  the  act  of  groping; 

.i-griuiii<r,  l  D-graund';  2  a-ground',  adv.  A  a,    <>n  the 

■     •  T  J  ■  1 .  - «  1 

*gt ..  \    I  agt.,  abbr.     A 

ague,  1  .  V:  \  p.  riodic  malarial  f.\-.-r:  tntor- 

mittenl  lever;  ohills  and  ill  I ■'.  aiou, 

i     ocurti  .  acute.]    a'gu-Uh,  a,     Like,  produolng,  or 

tending  in  produce,  amir;  chin.\;  subjeol  to  ague.    -1>. 

-m-.^,  a, 
A"gul-nal'do.  1  u'gl-nul'ilo;  2  ii'gi-iial'd.i.  Knilll,,  |  I  sfttt-     ). 

\  i  iiip in..  Revolutionary  general  ipomt  nr  Africa 

A-gul'lias,  1  n-Liiil'yas:  2 a-nul'vius.  Cape.  Tlwmoal  BOUthern 
all,  1  .i.  2  a,  inter],    taexclamal ixpreaaive  ol  various 

emotions,  a  itiafaotion,  oompaaaion,  or  com- 

a'lia.  1  .  i '  I  mi  .  :.'  a'ha,  n.     A  sunk  fence:  a  ha-ha. 
;i-h;i',  l.-lnV.  2 a-hfi', tnXeri.  An exolamaUon expi 

imph,  or  mockery. 
vii.ih.  i  r'hai.    2a'hab,  »    Seventh  king  of  Israel  (h'.i7B.c.): 
Introduced  Baal-worenlp.  Ihall,  n.| 

a  hall  .    Qlve  placel  rnake  room  I  an  exclamation   1-a.  art. 

A-lias'ti-e'rus,  1  ,i-haz'>  ii-I'nrs;    2  a-h.,  n.      Bib. 

One  ol  Beveral  Median  kings     Bttii.  I,  l. 
a-head',  (  1  s-hed';   2  a-hed',  adv.     At  the  head;  in  ad- 
a-lied"",  I  vance;  before;  forward. 
a-heap',  1  B-hlp';  'J  a-hfip',  adv.     In  or  into  a  heap. 
a  - 1 1 1  n  1 1 ' .   1  a-hlnd';  1>  a-hlnd'.  ndr  &  prep.      Il'n.v    Bng   or 

Boot.]     Behind.     [< AS.  os-Mnrfan.]     a-liln';;  a-hlnt':. 
Ah"uia-<l.i-bad'.  1  fl'ms-do-hfld';  2 a'ma-da-bad', n.  A  city 

(nop   216.000)  In  Bombay  province.  British  India 
Ah'mad   Fu'ad,   1  ci'mnd   fd'ad;   2  a'mad  fu'ad  (1868-     ). 

sultan  of  Egypt,  Ool    9.  1917 
a-hold't,  mlr       ( 'lose  to  the  wind;  as.  to  lay  a  ship  ahold. 

a-hoy',  1  e-hei';  2  a-h8y',  inter].  Naut.  Ho  there  I  aoall 
used  in  li:ulirin;  aa,  ship  ahoy!  [<  a-  (introduct.)  -f- 
HOT,  liitrrj  ] 

Ah'rl-man,  1  u'ri-man;  2a'rl-man.  n.    The  evil  deity.    [Per .]. 

a-luiir,  1  .-lull';  2a-hul',  adv.  8o  as  to  lie  nearly  broad- 
side to  wind  and  sea,  under  bare  poles,  helro  lashed 
alee:  said  of  a  ship  in  heavy  weather.     [<  a-1  +  hull*.1 

a-hun'gered  I,  1  a-liur/nard;  2  a-hQg'gerd,  a.  Pressed  with 
huncer;  hungry,    a-liun'gryj;  an-hun'geredt. 

A.  I.,  abbr.     \  -  :  Mute. 

al'lillus,  1  e'hhnz:  2  a'bllna,  adv.  [Scot.]  Perhaps;  possibly. 
[<  able.]    a'bllnsj. 

aid1,  1  fid;  2  ad,  i .  I.  t.  1.  To  render  assistance  to;  pro- 
mote the  success  of;  assist;  help;  succor;  help  on.  2. 
Law.  To  cornet  or  cure,  as  a  defect  in  a  pleading,  IJ. 
I.    To  help;  assist.    (  <  f..F  <"'.  '",       fuw>,help.] 

Syn.:  abet,  assist,  befriend,  cooperate,  encourage,  foster, 
help,  second,  serve,  stand  by,  succor,  support,  sustain,  up- 
hold. Iltlp  expresses  greater  dependence  and  deeper  nee. 
than  aid.    In  extremity  we  say  "God  >"'/'  me!"  rather  than 

"God  aid  me!"  In  time  of  danger  we  cry  "hetpl  help!"  rather 
than  "aid!  n  iii!"  To  aid  Is  to  econd  another's  own  exertions. 
We  can  speak  of  helping  the  helpless,  but  not  of  aiding  them. 

Help  Includes  aid.  but  aid  may  fall  short  Of  the  meanln  ■  ol 
help.  Inlaw  to  <ii./ or 't'/.Miiake-.  one  a  principal.  (Compare 
synonyms  for  ac<  BS80B1  I  To  eooperau  or  collaborate  Im- 
plies complete  or  approximate  equality,  coUaboratt  belnu 

u»e<]  chiefly  of  literary  or  scientific  work;  to  atttit  Implies  r 
subordinate  and  secondary  relation  One  aititU  a  falleL 
friend  to  rise;  he  cooperates  with  him  in  helping  others.  \\  e 
tncounmi  the  timid  or  despondent,  succor  the  endangered, 
support  the  weak,  uphold  those  who  else  might  be  shaken  or 

cast  down.  Compare  abkt;  icckssobt;  i  bojiote.— Ant.: 
counteract,  discourage,  hinder,  obstruct,  oppose,  resist, 
thwart,  withstand  Prep.:  help  with  money,  etc.;  to  or 
toward  success;  against  hindrance  or  opposition. 
aid,  n,  1.  Tie- act  or  resull  of  helping  or  succoring,  or  the 
means  employed;  cooperation;  assistance.  2.  A  person 
or  thing  that  affords  assistance;  a  helper;  assistant; 
aide«f|. •.amii.  3.  Law.  (1)  A  remedy;  correction.  (2) 
A  subsidy.    Synj  see  aphebent;  auxiliaiiy;  help;  sunsiuv 


AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS. 

..  '•  ""y-rake.  2  Hay-tedder.  3.  Feed-grlnder.  4.  RldlnK-cultlvator.  5.  Mowing-  and  Binding-machine  (rear  view). 
?•,  ''"k-narrow  wlth  seeder  attaeliment.  7.  Mowing-machine.  8.  Tooth-barrow.  9.  Disk-harrow.  10.  WaJklng-olow. 
11.  Manure-sureader.     12.  Four-roll  husker  and  shredder.     13.  Thresher. 


ilili     .!«•-<  .imp'      ■  .  .         .  i  ;     fv:    Ml.  !>•    i  <•         .  gft;    not.  At:   full,  rOle;    I.ut,  liOrn; 

.iltuultn-.t  .....  .  prf).  Itm;  lilt,  !•-•-;    I      <.    I      e.  gO,  ndt.  or,  uon.'-M 


I 


' 
.1.1 


*l  I. -I. 
all. 


I 

then, 

re  i  in-  moon 

\   i  .-i. ... 

I.  •       .iti  in; 
II  \ 

<ll    Inf,  -.uncwliat    111        all  '111.  II  (  .    •. 

.11 
»i-ian  ihu»,  I  '         ' ' '  ••  genua 

^  into,    Malakka 

il-l m    in-  .il-l.in   llil.         -Hi  .    . 

x\   I. --  r  ■  -ii .  *ll  OP- 

for   maintaining   the 

' 

aim.  ]  I.        i  i  missile,  blow, 

■  in.-  thing  or 

|i  vel:  followed  by  -if  before  the  name 
,-t  which  anythii 
i  man;  t.i  o»'w  a  sp  eoh  of 

II.  I.  To  direol  :i  rniasile,  remark, 

. ;...n  :il  :m  object,     2.  To 

■  ai  -lly      1  <  *  IF.  i  .*mer,  < 
1     x  .:••.       i-stllnatc  ) 

»lm.  I.  limine  <lir-i-t inir.  it  pointing  a 

.  .it  anything     2.  The  una 
of  du  i     8«  The  objeot  or  point 

I  :it.  a  mark  or  target;  design; 
I . 
Syr.  ili-termlnation.  direction,  end,  en- 

deavor,  goal.   Inclination,   Intent.   Intention,   mark,  object, 
The  atm  la  the  direction  In  which 
thai  which  is  aimed  at.    The  mark 
b  that  ■    ""'•  thai  toward  which  one 

or     The  i  rut 
■  xpects  <ir  hopes  tu  cloee  his  labors; 
would  grasp  as  ihr  reward  of  his 
referring  t<>  the 
attained,  are  often  used  as 
■i.     one  whose  aims  are  worthy, 
re  high,  whose*  ri| 
pur;  ho im    to  n-aeh  the  goal  of  his  am- 

bltlo:  irely  win  some  object  worthy  of  a  life's 

tndi .  ire  aamrnoN:  dsbioh;  doujction;  pur- 

pose.—  AnU     almleasness,    avoidance,    rarelessness,    heed- 
leaanesi.    nei  Ight,    purposelessness, 

thoughtleamess.— aim  'less,  <j.   Wanting  In  aim  or  purpose, 
-in--,  -. 
aln.  1  fa:  2  fin.  n.    [Scot]    I 
ain't.  1  .'  ol    8  ant.    [Colloo,.]    Am  not;  are  not.    Illiterate  for 

-.  has  not.  and  /iir,  -nut.    an't:. 
air.  1     -   _'  tr,  r.    1. f     Toexpose  to  the  air;  admit  air  into; 

run;  folate;  make  public;  show  off;  display. 

I  reel  or  park. 

.nr  .  I.  .in-'-  composed  of  oxygen 

anil  -rounding  tin-  earth;  tin-  atmosphere. 

I  above  the  earth,    t>  La 
atn.-  irrent;  wind;  bre  I  ■ 

I;   publicity.     5.  Any  gas,  especially 
"'  air,  <  aimi,  breathe.] 

Synj  see  v. 

alr'.blad"der.  n     1.   \  sac  Oiled  with  air.  as  In  Danes; 
I  with  air.— alr=brake.  n.    A 
brake  oper..'  alr=castlc. 

ary  project;  daylr.  un      alrca\lt>.  alr-<-t-ll.  air  rhain- 
enclosed  space  containing,  or  designed  to  con- 
tain anlcal  or  vital  uses. — alr'craft",  n. 
1.  Ti  on.    2.  An  aeroplane. 
S.  a  balloon.— alr<  u-hion.  •      I.  A  bag  inflated  with  air, 
especially  one  used  as  a  pillow,  etc.     •£.  An  air-spring.— 
alr.c>  Under.   •.       1.   A   nearly  air-tight  cylinder  having  a 
■  playing  in  H  recoil  of  a  gun.    2.  A 
Death  a  railway-car.  In  which  Is  compressed  air 
ilea  brakes.     Bee  BBAKS.-  alrKlraln,  n.     1.  A 
channel  around  a  *  tryness  by  circu- 
lation of  air.     2.  A  pa?.-.-.  '  gases  from  a 
mold   while  the   •                                   log   pound   in.— alr» 
drawn,  ';      Drawn  In  th<-  a:r.  Imaginary.-  alr*gun,  n.     A 
gun  Impelling  a  missile  trj                          ur      alr«holc.  •.      I. 

.ir:  a  daw  In  a 
casting:  an  opening  In  the  lee,  2.  Same  as  P0CKCT,  n.,  4.— 
air. Iin«.  •.      I.Tbeaborl  .  tu.cn  two  points  on 

the  earth's  surfa'-  I  railroad  rout.,     air  lock, 

n.     An  air-tight  antechamber  of  a  submarine  caisson:  for 


latliut  the  alr-prraMurr      alr-marliin.  .  \   ranlllat- 

Ing-machliu    tor  renewing  the  air,  as  In  a  mine      .•  I  r  man, 

■  who  navigate*  lbs  air.  as  m  an  aeroplane      alr> 

plane,  plane     alr«plant,s      \  plant,  adhering 

the  all  ai ilr  pi.,  k- 

k  I  I .  »  .  I       air  prool. 
Ill    air       air  |hiiii|i.  \  pui 

hi       ii  I.  I'riillh.    i  )|ic  of  Hu- 

ll ii  mi.  r.  1 1  ii  hi-  Baca  filled  with  air  In  different  parts  of  thi  body, 
often  extending  through  tin-  bones  ami  communicating  with 
tin-  in  ■  let  mlnatlons  of  tin- 

air  ihlp,        i  lerlal  vi  olole,  gen- 

.     mpclianlcall)   propelled  and  depending 

iiikiii  gaaea  for  dotation;  a  dirigible  balloon     I.  I -i  -. .  an 

plane     alr<sickness,  «.    Harness  iebiai 
-i i r  -iik.         air  iprlng,  ••      \  device  for  resisting  sudden 

ed  air       alrillglil,  ,i. 
Not   allowing  air  to  pass  or  enter,      air. trunk,  u        \    \. -n- 

tUating  conduit,  aa  in  a  theater,     air  •vessel*  n.    I.  Zool  A 
breethlngHube,  aa  a  trachea  or  wind  pipe;  a  vessel  contain- 
ing air.     I.  a  reservoir  of  uir     :i.  The  aJrehamber  of  a 
pump.— air. woman,  n.    a  woman  aeronaut  or  aviator. 
;»ir  .         1.  Peculiar  or  characteristic  appearanoe;  mien; 
inaiiiier.  'J.  Assumed  manner;  affectation:  in  the  plural; 
put  on  uir.--.     [<Qr.    *  oer,  atmosphere.] 
appearance,  bearing,  behavior,  carriage,  demeanor, 
fa  iii< >ii.  look,  manner,  mien,  port,  pretense,  sort, 
i  ir  is  that  combination  of  qualities  which  makes 
the  entire  Impression  we  receive  in  a  person's  pn  ience;as,  we 

say  he  lias  Ihe  uir  of  a  scholar,  or  the  air  of  a  Villain        I  ;■- 

pearanet  refers  more  to  the  dress  and  other  externals.    A'/- 

<i  and  loot  especially  refer  to  the  face.     EXpT) 
oftenest    applied    to    llial     wlilrh    l-     I . : ,  1 .  1 1 1 1 ;  1 1 .    jus.    he    hlLM    a 

pleasant  erpri  lion  of  countenance;  fool  ma)  be  momentary; 
as,  a  tool  of  dismay  pasaed  over  tus  face     \\  e  may.  however. 

speak  of  the  loot  or  look*  lis  hnlii-aliim  all  that   we  look  at; 
bad  the  l"nt  Of  an  adventurer:  1  illil  not  like  his  loot*. 

vis  rather  a  lofty  word  Indicating  often  the  expression 
of  feeling  or  Btate  ot  mind  through  bodily  pose,  as,  be  has  a 
noble  bearing,  port  la  practlcallj  identical  In  meaning  with 
bearing,  hut  Is  more  excluslvel)  a  literary  word     ( 
the  manner  of  holding  the  bodj  .  a    In  walking,  is  more  com- 
pletely physical  than  bearing.    Mi,  a  is  olosel]  synonj  mous 
wiiii  air,  but  less  often  used  In  a  bad  ten  e      '■.'■■ 
used  to  express  some  prevailing  feeling,  a-,  "an  Indignant 
mien."    Compare  dkiiaviok;  pretenbk. 
air1,  n.     Mva.     1.  A  melody  as  contrasted  witl.  a  liar- 
moriv;  tune.    'i.  The  leading  part  in  a  harmonised  piece: 
the  soprano.    (1\,  <  It.  ana,  <  L.  air;  see  aih*.  n.J 

Syn.:  see   I 

Air,  adv.  &.  a.  [Scot.]   Karly.—  alr'ly,  1  fir'li;  2  ar'ly.  a.     Parly. 

air '  =  base",  n.  A  base  for  operations  by  alr-shlps.  See  BABB.n.6. 

air'iim,  1  ar 'itj;  2  ar'ing,  n.     1.  An  exposure  to  the  air  or 

tire  for  warming  or  drying.    2.  Exercise  in  the  air.     lair, 

air'less,  1  f,i '].--;  2  ar'l.'s.  a.      Destitute  Of  air  or  of  fresh 

alr'=rald",  n.  An  attack  delivered  by  armed  aeroplanes  and 
dirigible  balloons. 

alrt.  1  art;2  art.  n.    [Scot)    A  cardinal  point ;  direct  ion. 

air')',  1  ar'r.  2  ar'v.  a.  1.  <  >f  or  pertaining  to  the  air;  in  or 
open  to  the  air;  breezy.  2.  Like  air;  delicate;  ethereal; 
buoyant;  imaginary;  visionary,  '.i.  Putting  on  airs;  af- 
fected    4.  Light  or  quick  of  mood;  vivacious;  gay. 

Syn-  aerial,  animated,  ethereal,  fair.s  like,  frolicsome,  gay, 
Joyous  light,  lively,  sprightly.  Aerial  and  ofry  both  signify 
of  or  belonging  to  the  air,  but  airy  also  describes  that  which 
as  if  made  of  air;  we  speak  ol  airy  snapee,  ofry  noth- 
ing- where  we  could  not  well  say  a,  rial ;  (Unreal  describes 
its  object  as  belonging  to  the  upper  air.  the  pure  ether,  and 
so  often,  heavenly.  Sprightly,  splrilllke,  refers  to  light, 
tree    cheerful  activity  of  mind  and  hoily.     That   which  Is 

may  be  agreeable  or  the  reverse;  as,  an 
animated  discussion;  a  livelv  company.-    Ant.:  clumsy,  dull, 
Inert .  ponderous,  Slow,  sluggish,  stony,  wooilen. 
.ilr'l-fied,  a.      Made  airy;  lllmsy;  pretentious,  -air  I- 
ly,  adv.     In  an  airy  manner;  Jauntily.  — alr'l-ness,  n. 
ai-le,  I  1  oil;  2  II.  n-     *•  A  passageway,  as  in  a  church,  by 
a0eP*5 which  tin-  pews  or  seats  may  be  reached  or  the 
room    traverse.!.      2.   Originally.    B   lateral   division   or 
wing  of  a  church,  divided  from  the  nave  by  a  range  ol 
column- or  piers.    ]<  L.°* ala,  wing.] 
\lsne    1  en    2  an.  n.     A  river  (176  m.  long)  and  department 
m.:  pop.  530.000)   In  France;  scene  of  German 

alt,  1  Bt:  2  at.  n.'  A  little  Island,  especially  In  inland  waters. 

[<  AS.  Igct.  dim.  of  ig.  Island. I     ey'oU. 
ali'meal",  16t'mll*;2&t'mel-.n.    [Scot.]    Oatmeal. 
\lx.  leks;2aks,n.    A  cathedral  City  In  S.  France  pop.  29. 000. 
AU"=la»<"lia"pelle',  1  eks'-la-sho'pel';  2  aks"-la»sha  pel  .  n. 

A  city  In  Prussia:  pop.  156,000;  capital  of  Charlemagne  s 

empire.     German  air-base  In  European  War,  1914-         . 
A-Jac'clo,  1  u-vn'cho;  2  a-ya'cho.  n.    A  seaport  In  Corsica; 

pop.  19,000;  birthplace  of  Napoleon. 


1:  3  =  final;    1  =  habit^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  fe«d;    dlin;    go;    Vising;    Chin,    this.ai(le=de  <  aill[) 
25  2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  b6y;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,    this.         albllginea 


a-jar'1, 1  a-jcir';  2  a-jar',  adv.  &  a.    Partly  open,  as  a  door. 

[<  a-1  +  ME.  char,  turn.) 
a-jar'2,  adv.  &  a.     In  a  jarring  or  discordant  condition; 

wanting  in  harmony.    [  <  aj  +  jar1,  n.l 
A'jax,  1  e'jaks;  2  a'jaks,  n.     Son  of  Telamon;  a  Greek 

leader  in  the  Trojan  war. 
Ak'bar,  1  ak'bar;  2  ak'bar,  Mohammed  (1542-1605).    The 

great  Mogul  emperor  of  Hindustan.    Ak'berJ. 
ake,  n.    Same  as  ache. 
Ak'en-slde,  1  ak'en-said;  2  ak'en-sld,  Mark  (1721-1770). 

An  English  didactic  poet. 
a-kim'bo,  1  a-kim'bo;  2  a-kim'bo,  adv.    With  the  hands 

on  hips  and  the  elbows  outward.     [<  a-1  +  keen   + 

BOW2.] 

a-kin',  1  a-kin';  2  a -kin',  a.  &  adv.    Of  the  same  kin;  re- 
lated by  blood;  of  similar  nature  or  qualities. 
Syn.:  see  alike.  (Ohio;  pop.  69,000. 

Ak'ron,  1  ak'ran;  2  ak'ron,  re.    A  manufacturing  city  In  N.  E. 

alt,  a.     All. 

al-,  prefix.  1.  A  euphonic  form  of  ad-  before  I,  as  in  allocation. 
2.  An  incorrect  form  of  a-2  (derived  from  Anglo-Saxon,  but 
spelled  according  to  Latin  analogy).  3.  The:  Arabic  definite 
article,  as  in  AZkoran. 

-al,  suffix.  Of,  like,  or  pertaining  to:  forming  adjectives  from 
other  adjectives  and  nouns,  and  nouns  from  verbs;  as, 
denial,  musical.    [<  F.  -al,  <  L,.-alis.  such  as,  pertaining  to.] 

M.,abur.  Albert,  aluminum. — a.1., abbr.  [L.j  Alia,  alii  (other 
things:  other  persons). 

a'la,  1  e'la;  2  a'la,  n.  [-l.«,  1  -II;  2  -le,  pl.J  1.  Biol.  A  wing 
or  a  wing'like  part.  2.  The  armpit.  [L.,  wing,  <  axis, 
axle.)  [Alabama  (official). 

A.  L.  A.,  abbr.     American  Library  Association.— Ala.,  abbr. 

Al"a-ba'ma,  1  al"a-ba'ma;  2  al"a-ba'ma,  n.  1.  A  southern 
State  of  the  United  States;  51,998  sq.  m.;  pop.  2,138,000. 
2.  River  in  this  State;  300  m.  long. 

al'a-bas"ter,  1  al'a-bas"tar;  2  al'a-bas"ter.  I.  a.  Made 
of  or  like  alabaster;  smooth  and  white.  II.  n.  Min- 
eral. A  white  or  delicately  tinted  fine=grained  gypsum; 
also,  alabaster*stone,  a  hot=spring  or  cave  deposit  of 
carbonate  of  lime.  [  <  Gr.  alabastros,  alabastos,  ala- 
baster box.] 

a  la  carte,  1  a  la  kurt;  2  ii  la  cart.  [F.]  By  the  card;  in 
accordance  with  the  bill  of  fare:  said  of  meals  at  hotels. 
etc.,  served  upon  orders  selected  from  a  bill  of  fare:  con- 
trasted with  tabic  d'hote. 

a-Iack'||,  1  a-lak';  2  a-lak',  inter).  An  exclamation  of  regret 
or  sorrow,     [a-13  +  lack,  disgrace.]     a-lack'a-day"i- 

a-lac'ri-ty,  1  a-lak'n-ti;  2  a-lac'ri-ty,  n.  1.  Cheerful 
willingness  and  promptitude;  facility.  2||.  Vivacity. 
[<    L.  alacrita{l-)s,    <    alacer,   lively.] — a-Iac'rl-tous,   a. 

A-lad'dln,  1  a-lad'in;  2  a-iad'in,  re.  The  hero  of  the  story 
Aladdin  and  the  Wonderful  Lamp  in  the  Arabian  Nights. 

A"la-me'da,  1  u"la-me'da;  2  a"la-me/dii,  re.  A  city  in  W. 
California;  pop.  27,000. 

A 'la-mo,  1  Q'la-mo;  2  ii'la-mo,  re.  1.  A  Franciscan  mission 
building,  San  Antonio,  Tex.;  massacre.  1836.  2.  [a-]  [Sp. 
Am.]    A  Cottonwood  of  Texas  and  Mexico;  the  poplar. 

a"la-mode',  1  a"la-mod';  2  a"la-mod'.  I.  a.  Made,  pre- 
pared, or  served  according  to  a  certain  fashion;  fashion- 
able; modish.  II.  adv.  According  to  the  mode;  in  the 
fashion.  [  <  F.  a  la  mode,  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  ilia,  that,  + 
modus,  manner.] 

al"a-mort',  /  1  ara-mert',  a  la  mer;  2  al"a-m6rt',  a  lii  mor. 

a  la  mort,  J  I.  adv.  To  the  death;  mortally.  II  .  a.  Mor- 
tally ill;  very  melancholy  or  dispirited.  [F.  a  (<  L.  ad), 
to;  la  (<  L.  ilia),  the;  mort  (<  L.  mors),  death.]  all  a- 
mort'J. 

a-lan't,  n.  1.  Her.  A  short»eared  mastiff .  2.  A  woIMiound. 
[OF.,  <  L.  Alani,  a  Scythian  tribe.]  a-land't;  a-lant't; 
a-laun't. 

A'land,  1  bet.  e'-  &  o'land;  2  bet.  6'-  &  o'land,  re.  An  island 
or  group  of  islands  in  the  Gulf  (if  Bothnia,  Russia. 

a'lar,  1  d'lar;  2  a'lar,  a.  1.  Having  or  pertaining  to  ahe 
or  wings;  wiug=shaped.  2.  Hot.  Axillary.  .'J.  Pertain- 
ing to  the  armpit.     [  <  L.  alaris,  <  ala;  see  ala.] 

Al'a-rlc,  1  al'a-rik;  2  al'a-rlc,  n.  A  king  of  the  Visigoths 
(3507-410),  who  sacked  Home. 

a-larm ',  1  a-larm';  2  a-larm',  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  strike  with 
sudden  fear;  arouse  to  a  sense  of  danger;  give  alarm  to. 
2.  To  sound  out  in  the  manner  of  an  alarm. 

Syn.:  sec  bbighten.-  a-larm  'u-hKc1',  a.  a-larm 'ed-ly, 
adv.  In  an  alarmed  manner,  a-larm 'Ism,  ». — a-larm '- 
1st,  n.   one  who  needlessly  excites  or  tries  to  excite  alarm. 

a-larm',  n.  1.  Sudden  fe:ir  or  apprehension  arousing  to 
defense  <>r  escape.  'I.  Any  sound  or  signal  to  apprize  of 
danger  or  arouse  from  sleep;  a  mechanism,  as  oi  :i  duck, 

giving  such   signal.      .'{.    Mil.    A    call    I"  arms,    to   meet 
danger.     [<  It.'"' a,  to,  -4-  le,  the,     I    arme,  arms,] 

Syn.:  affright,  apprehension,  consternation,  dismay,  dis- 
quietude, dread,  fear,  fright,  panic,  terror,  timidity.  Alarm, 
according  to  Its  derivation,  Is  a  sudden  urouaal  to  meet  and 


repel  danger  and  may  be  quite  consistent  with  true  courage. 
Apprehension,  disquietude,  and  dread  are  In  anticipation  of 
danger;  consternation,  dismay,  and  terror  are  overwhelming 
fear,  generally  in  the  actual  presence  of  that  which  is  ter- 
rible. Compare  fear.  — Ant.:  assurance,  calmness,  confi- 
dence, repose,  security. 

a-lar'um,  1  a-lar'um;  2  a-lar'um,  n.  1.  [Archaic  &  Poet.] 
An  alarm;  an  alarming  sound,  as  of  a  bell.  2.  [Eng.]  An 
alarm=clock  or  its  alarm-apparatus.    lar'uoi   . 

a'la-ry,  1  e'la-n;  2  a'la-ry,  a.  Pertaining  to  ala?  or  wings; 
wing^like.     [<  L.  alarius,  <  ala,  wing;  see  ala.] 

a-las',  1  a-las';  2  a-las',  inter j.  An  exclamation  of  disappoint- 
ment, regret,  sorrow,  etc.    [<  OF.  a,  ah!  +  las,  wretched, 

<  L.  lassus,  weary.] 
Alas.,  abbr.    Alaska. 

A-las'ka,  1  a-las'ka;  2  a-las'ka,  n.  A  N.  W.  territory  of  the 
United  States;  590,884  sq.  m.;  pop.  64,000.— A-las 'kan, 
a.  &  n. 

A-las'tor,  1  a-las'ter;  2  a-las't6r,  re.  Gr.  Myth.  Zeus  the 
Avenger,  or  [a-]  any  avenging  or  relentless  deity. 

Al"a-tau',  1  al"a-tau';  2  iU'a-tou',  n.  A  mountain  range  be- 
tween Turkestan  and  Mongolia;  highest  peak,  23,950  ft. 

a 'late,  1  e'let;  2  a'lat,  a.  Winged:  used  chiefly  in  bot- 
any, as  of  a  stem,  petiole,  or  fruit  with  membranaceous 
expansions.     [  <  L.  alatus,   <  ala;  see  ala.] 

a-late'||,  1  a-let';  2  a-lat',  adv.    Lately. 

a-laye't,  v.    Same  as  allay. 

alb,  1  alb;  2  alb,  re.  A  priest's  white  linen  vestment, 
reaching  to  the  ankles.    [<  L.A9  albus,  white.] 

Alb.,  abbr.    Albanian,  Albert. 

al'ba§,  1  al'ba;  2  al'ba,  re.  Anal.  The  white  substance  of 
the  central  nervous  system.    [L.] 

al'ba-core,  1  al'ba-kor;  2  al'ba-cor,  re.  One  of  the  vari- 
ous tunnies  or  large  scombroid  fishes.    [  <  Pg.  albacor, 

<  Ar.  al;  the,  4-  bukr,  young  camel.] 

Al'ba  Lon'ga,  1  al'ba  leo'ga;  2  al'ba  lon'ga.  A  city  of  an- 
cient Latium,  traditional  birthplace  of  Romulus  and  Remus. 

Al-ba'ni-a,  1  al-be'ni-a;  2  al-ba'ni-a.  n.  A  country  of  east- 
ern Europe;  about  11,080  sq.  m.;  occupied  by  Austrian 
troops,  1916. — Al-ba'nl-an,  a.  &  re. 

Al-ba'no,  1  al-bd'no;  2  iil-ba'no,  n.  A  lake,  city,  and  summer 
resort,  near  Rome,  Italy:  has  classical  ruins. 

Al'ba-ny,  1  el'ba-m;  2  al'ba-ny,  n.  A  city  (the  State  capital; 
pop.  100,000)  and  county  (527  sq.  m.;  pop.  174,000)  in 
New  York. 

al-ba'ta,  1  al-be'ta;  2  al-ba'ta,  n.  A  white  alloy  like  German 
silver,  consisting  of  nickel,  copper,  and  zinc.  [<  L.  albus, 
white.] 

al'ba-tross,  1  al'ba-tres;  2  al'ba-tros,  re.    [-tross-es,  pi.} 
A  large,  web*footed  sea=bird,  with  very  long 
narrow  wings  and   extraordinary  powers   of 
flight,      al'ba-trost.      [<    Ar.Fg  al,    the,    + 
oadus,  bucket.] 

al-be'it,  1  el-bi'it;  2  al-be'it,  conj. 
[Archaic  &  Poet.]  Even  tho; 
even  if;  notwithstanding;  altho. 

Al'be-marle,  1  al'bi-marl;  2  al'be- 
maii,  Duke  of.  See  Monk. 

al-bvr'ca,  1  al-ber'ka;  2  iil-ber'ca,. 
n.  [Sp.  Am.]  A  pond;  pool; 
also,  a  sink  to  carry  off  waste  or  dirty  water. 

Al'bor-lch,  1  al'ber-m:  2  iU'ber-lH,  n.  a.  Myth.  A  dwarf, 
personifying  the  spirit  of  evil. 

Al'bcrt.lal'bart;  2  al'bert  (1819-1861),  re.  1.  A.  I.  (1875-  ), 
King  of  the  Belgians  (1909-  ).  2.  A  prince  of  Saxe- 
Coburg*Gotha;  consort  of  Victoria  of  England. 

Al-ber'ta,  1  al-bur'ta;  2  al-ber'ta,  re.  A  province  In  N.  W. 
Canada;  255,285  sq.  m.;  pop.  375,000. 

Al'bert  Ed'ward  Xy-an'za,  1  nai-an'za;  2  ny-an'za.  A  lake 
In  central  Africa;  65  by  30  m. 

Al'bert  Ny-an'/.a.    A  lake  In  central  Africa;  140  by  40  m. 

al-bes'cent,  I  al-bes'ent;  2  al-bes'ent,  a.  Growing  white 
or  moderately  white;  whitish.  [<  1,.  dlbeacen(tr)8,  ppr 
of  albesco,  grow  white,  <  albus,  white.]— al-bes'cence,  re. 

al'bl-core,  n.    Same  as  albatoke. 

AT'Dl-gen'sl-an,  1  arbi-jen'si-en;  2  al"bi-gen'si-an. 
I.  a.  Pertaining  to  the  Albigenses.  II.  re.  One  ol  the 
Albigonses,  a  sect  of  religious  reformers  (11th  to  13th 
century),  named  from  Albi  in  southern  France. 

Al'bin,  1  al'lnn;  2  al'bin,  n,     Scotland  or  its  Highlands. 

al-bi'iio,  1  al-boi'no;  2  al-bi'no,  n.    A  person,  animal,  or 

plant   unnaturally  white.     [<  L.VK  albus,  white.] —  8l'- 

bi-nlsm,  n.  [Britain, 

Al'ltl-oii,  l  al'bi-an;  :i  al'bi-on,  n.    [itaro  or  Poet.]    Qreat 

Al'bo-ln,   1   al'bO-ln;  2  ftl'bO-In,   n.     A    Lombard  king  (561- 

573),  who  rounded  the  Lombard  dominion  In  Italy, 
;il"l>or-iioz\  1  ul"bor-nolh';  2  iil'bor-noth',  u.    A  cloak.    |Sp.| 

al"bii-uiii'e-a,  1  al*biu-jin'i-a;  2  al"bQ-gln'e-a,  n.    Anal 

A  while  QbrOUS  ti:<:'iic  eiivi-lopi Qg  certain  organs;  the 
"white"  of  the  eye.  (<  L.  albugo,  leucoma,  <  albus, 
white  ]  al"l»u-gln'e-ous,  a.  l'ertaining  to  or  like  th« 
white  of  the  eye. 


Albatross. 


Air>n  111  la  fi  I;  fi  i  ,o:  not.Ar;  full,  rfllo:  l.ut.  burn- 

»HWr>  .         i  .     .»!;  m*.  g*t.  ptfflr,  ftrn;  hi     i        >  i  ....    6r.  won,        M 

*l  <  ..II.  I     \ BrMMOB     l  .' ■>''    hss 

philosopher  miit  rduoatoi      '.'.  Louisa  Ma) 
\  111  novelist;  daughter  ol    \n,..-.  H 

ii  core.  I.  A  i 

sooted  »*  i<  h  or  a)  the  ii 

nv  embowered  01 


»l   bum  it      1  .V  f.>r  holriltli 

mtocniph*    • 

.  ii,  I.    I 

•  -  [  I.  ,  «  hil 

aI-Imi   mill.    1 

-,ti  I   m 
. 
.     ■    pan    mil  \u  n 
Ichol, 
.il-t>u   iiil-nln. 

mt  ttir  iU-.li, 
i!-l,ll    nihl-l/.  .  I 

» lih  album 
al-bu  'mrn-lic:.      il-lni  'mln-l 
»i-t>u  iiii-n..i.i      i  -  Ilka  albumen  or  albumin. 

ii  rimpfct  protein  derived 

■ 
raori  .ii-i.n  in. -mi i.i  : .     al-bu 'ml-oooa, 

itlim  ol  albumen  or  nbumln 
»i-i.u  iiii-n..-.  « bite  | 

*l-bur  ' ti it n i . 

\l    l.u-.jii.  r  ■  1 1  ■  • .  i     tffon- 

M   >r  '1  al*bu- 

I  N    W    >  .  »   Mexico;  pop 

.   l.i.  \    tax 

levied  on  all  sales  of  real  estate  mi. I  merchandise  In  Spain 
and  in  tb<   - 
AI-<-jr'ii-.  reek  poet  of  Mltylene; 

I      in 
al  'ca-hi— t.  al'  ■  i-li. ■-   1 1.  .  -i .-.   .1 

Aiwair.  .   .   •     ■  I.  r  or  pertaining  to  the 

-  tavor- 
og  of  four  strophes, 

II.  PI.  ;>/. 

\ 

»i-.ai.i.'.      i -kiM':  2  Ai-cAii'.  n.    1.  The  governor  of  i 
or  fortress.     2.  The  warden  Of  a  prison;  :i  jailer. 

...ii /.  commander.]    al-ra>ii.  '  . 

al-ral'il.  .  •  al'ile.  n.     Al  B  Spaii- 

pueblo  or  town;   lat.-r.  a  chief 
-;>  .   <    Ar    al,  the.   +■  rdrfl. 
al"ral-.ll    i.  3p        1 

or  ]>;' 
al-ra'iar.   I  -.-Nil  .,r  Span- 

\r    .;/.  the.    +   qacr.  fort  ) 
Al-.--    II-.  J    al-ces'tls.  n.     <7r.   .\/|///i.      U  if,-    ol 

-.1   to  save   his   life;   brought   back   from 
Hades  by  Hercules, 
al-.  hi'iiil, .  1  al-k-m'ik;  2  U-eemle,  a,    i  if,  pertaining 

bemy.    -I— <-ul +. 
al  i  h, -nil-t,  l  al'ka-mist;  2  81'ee-mlst,  n.     One  skilled 

in  alchemy,     arrby-nilsf*.—  al"i  Ih-miK'Hc,  a. 

al.  lii-ni).   1   allo-mi;  2  al'ee-my,   n.     1.  The  crude 

med.  ■-, -mutation  of 

base  metal-  into  gold,   the  elixir  of  life,  etc.     2.  Any 

-  preternatural  process  of  chang- 

ing  the  etr  things.     [<Ar.LI"r 

al.  U  al  rh)-my  :. 

A|-rl-hl'a-<|.-.     .     al'si-bal's-dlz:     2    al'cl-bl'a-dfts.    n.     An 

•  nlan  general  and  politician:  iSO-MM  B 
Ai-'iM--.  .    ii-«t'fiiz;  2  ai-ci'des,  %.   Or.  Myth.    Hercules, 

BTandaoo  of  Al,  - 
il  ili'c  aii_   1   al-sln'o-us:  2  al-cln'o-us.   n.    Or.  tdyth.     In 
a  king  of  the  Phieaelarw.  famed  for  In- 
(the  7th  century  B.  C. 
All  'man.  |  .ilt'rasn;  2  alc'man.  n.     A  spartan  lyric  poet  of 
ar.o-ti..i.    i    allto-bel;  2  U'co-hdl,   n.     1.   h    volatile, 
inflammat  .  penetrating 

and  ricating  principle  of  wines 

an<l  .'-       ny    liquor   contain- 

ing  th«-  ai  irdent   -pin:-       •!- 

luida,  includ- 
ing arm  I  -  n  impalpably 
fine  :  <  al,  the, 
powdered  antimony.  <  tahaln.  paint.;  absolute  alcolio!, 
pure  alcohol  entirely  free  from  ■  il  I  >-hol  'le.  I.  a 
Pertaining  to  or  havine  the  of  alcohol;  containing 
alcohol;  produced  by  or  using  a.  rved  In  alcohol. 
II  .  I .  •  me  who  use*  alcoholic  liquors  habitually  to  ex- 
cess. 2.  pi.  Alcohol;  al"i  -n-lioi-ir'My,  n. 
The  quality  of  betng  ale  -•",  al'eo- 
hol-l-m.  n.  j'ai/i'A.  A:  U  ting  from  the 
Inordinate  or  persistent  use  of  al  al  '<■<- 
bol-i/  ■  Into  alcohol;  rectify; 
mix  or  saturate  with  alcohol;  Intoxicate,  arco-hol-l-'  : . 
ATro-ran',  j  1  al'ko-rfln':  2  aJ*eo-ran',  n.  Same  as  Koran. 
AJ"ko-ran',  I   -AI"co-ran'lc,  o. 


dh I,.-  in 

the  i  .  bbah,  ■    al,  the,  | 

iii  1 

II  ruin.        al'kwli  \n    BnglWn 

former,  and  educatoi ;  n.i  i 
Charlcm  U'rwlnt. 

al  '«•>  -mi.  3f  n  ■    .    ii  ■ 

\l-r>  'n-ne.  ;  i  laughti  i 

us,  «  ho  threw  herself  Into  the  lea  from  gi  Ii  r  ami  u^, 
I  inio  a  kingfisher. 

\lil..  M.l.Tmali 

al'ile-a.  I  ul',1.-  <i.  g  al 'ile -a.  ft,     [Sp.  Am.]      \  rural  „  1 1  l.umiil  . 
a  large  'arm      ai'ilc-a-nif  lit ;. 

al'de-hyde,  1  al'di-nald;  :.'  ar.ie  ii.v.i.  a,     I.    \  transparenl 
b  liquid  with  a  pungent,  suffocating  odor,  obtained 

b>  n nidation  of  ethyl  alcohol     I.  A  liquid,  as  the  above, 

Intermediate  between  an  alcohol  and  an  acid,  produced  by 
oxidation  of  a  primary  alcohol    [«    llcobol      Ud>,  from 

•  in  DHOOI  N  ] 

Al'iien.  i  Si'den;  2  al'dfin,  John  (1590   1987)      \   Pilgrim 

r;  paasenger  on  the  "  Mayflower,"   LI 
al'iler.  i  ,,['i  ■    8  al'iler.  n.    I.  A  tmall  tree  ol  the  oak 
family,  growing  in  swampa  or  along  '.'.  One 

of  various  other  shrubs  or  trees  thai  resemble  the  true 
\s.  ,iir      a.  trie,  OHO.  erila,  aider.] 

al  Mer-llefest  ' ,  ,.,       MOSl  ilcarh    beloved, 

al'iliT-man,  1  ol'dar-i i;  2  al'der-man,  n,    |-\un,  ;,/ | 

1.    \   member  of  a  municipal   legislative  body,  who 

certain  judicia]   (unctions.     '£. 

Formerly,  an  Anglo«Saxon  1.  >r«l  or  earl.    |<  A8,  rni,i, 

al'iler-man-e)  ,  ,/       al"iler-nian'lc, a, 
Al'der-ney,  1  .,l',i.,r-m;  2  al'iler-ny.  PI,     1.  i  toe  of  the  <  Channel 

i  slain  is.    2.  One  of  the  breed  of  cattle  peculiar  to  this  Island. 

APiler-shot,  1  ,.l',l..r-sli,,i  ;  :_>  al'der-shOI .  n     \  town  and  mili- 
tary ramp  in  southern  England;  pop.  85,000 
A  I'd  inc.  1  ai'tlin  or  al'doin;  2  aM'dln  oi  Sl'dln.    [.a     Per- 
taining  to  or  printed  by  the  pn  is  ol    lldu    Manutius, 
tan  editor  and  printer,  or  to  his  family  (1404 
II.  ;..     A   l,.,i.k  printed  by  th>-  Aldini 
noted  for  fine  typography. 

Al'ilrlcli.]  r,l'ilrlrh»,--ilrli;  2  al'drleh OT -drij, Thomas  Bailey 

(1836   1007).    An  American  poet  and  dramat 
ale,  1  61;  2  al.  n.    1.  A  beverage  madi   from  a  fermented 
infusion  of  malt,  now  usually  flavored  with  bops;  bei  r, 
especially  thai  having  a  (/,,,..!  deal  oi  body.    'J.  [Eng.j 
A  rural  al.-drinkin^  festival.     [<  AS.  ealu,  a  kind  ol 

beer] 

ale'diouse",  n.     A  place  for  the  sale  of  ale;  saloon. 

a-le.ik',  1    -lik';  2  a-l."k',  adti.  &  a.    In  a,  leaking  condi- 
.  leaking. 

a'le-a-to-ry,  1  BTi-e-to-n;  2  Ule-a-to-ry,  a.  1.  Civ.  Law. 
Dependent  on  an  accident  or  contingency.  2.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  gambling  or  gamblers.  [<  L.  aleatorius, 
<  olea,  die,  chance.] 

A-lcr'lo,  1  a-lek'to;  :_» a-lec'to,  n.    Or.  Myth.    One  of  the  three 
A-lek'toJ. 

a-le<?',  1  r.-li';  2  a-le',  adv.  Naut.  At  or  to  the  lee  side: 
said  of  the  position  or  motion  of  the  ln-lm. 

\l". -man  'nl,  1  al'i-maii'iil:  2  are-man'I,  n.  pi.  A  confed- 
eral-:, of  B.  Qerman  crlbes,  :ird  to  5th  century. 

a-hiu 'l)lc,  1  B-lem'blk;  2  a-lem'bie,  n.     1.  An  apparatus 
formerly  u-,-i i   in  distilling.     2.   Anything  thai 
purifii  onus.  [<  Ar.1-11"  aUanbiq,  <  al,  the, 

•  uri'iii/.  si  ill  |    a-lain'blr;. 

A-len'c<>n,  1  leleii'-aii  or  (F.i  irian'sSh';  2  a-len'son  or  (F.) 
a'lah'sofi',  n.      A  town  In  X.  W.  I-ranre;   pop.  17,000. 

A-lep'po,  1   ;t-l.-[i'o;   2  a-lep'o,  n.     A  commercial  city  of  N. 
pop.   125  000. 

.i-lerl',  1  .,-lurt';  2  a-l.-rt',  a.  Keenly  watchful;  on  the 
lookout;  ready  for  Budden  action;  vigilant;  also,  lively; 
nimble.    \^  It.1  all'  erta,  on  the  watoh.] 

Sm.:  active,  alive,  lirlsk.  bustling,  nimble,  on  the  watch, 
prepared,  prompt,  ready,  vigilant,  watchful  w1de>awake 
Alert,  ready,  emA  urldetawaJu  ref er  to  a  watchtnl  promptness 

for   action.      Hindu   suggests    thoughtful    preparation;    the 

wandering  Indian  Is  niin.  the  trained  soldier  Is  ready. 
e  life  and  •-  Igor  than  prepared,  i 
,/•■'/.■  the  man  is  ready.  Prompt  expresses  readiness 
for  appointment  or  demand  al  the  required  moment.  The 
good  general  Is  ready  for  emergencies,  alert  to  perceive 
opportunity  or  peril,  prompt  to  seize  occasion,  compare 
acnVB;  auvs;  mmhi.k.  -  Ant.:  drowsy,  dull,  heavy,  In- 
active, slow,  sluKKlsh,  Stupid, 

— a-lcrt'lj,  adv.— a-lert'uess,  n. 


1:9=  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    u<=Bing;   fhin,  this. 
27  2:  wolf,  dp;  book,  boot;  full,  rale,  cure,  but,  burn;  oil,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;  thin,   this. 


album 
alike 


a-lert',  re.    1.  Mil.  A  warning  against  sudden  attack,  or 
the  attack  itself.    2.  An  alert  attitude;  guard. 
— on  the  alert,  on  the  lookout;  ready. 

Al"e-u 'tl-an  Islands,  1  al"i-Q'sTii-an;  2  al'e-u'shl-an.  A 
chain  of  volcanic  islands  W.  of  Alaska. 

ale'wife",  1  el'waif";  2  al'wlf",  re.  [-wivesz,  pi.]  A 
North* American  anadromous  fish,  like  a  small  shad; 
also,  a  related  fish. 

ale'=wife",  re.  A  woman    who  keeps  an  ale=house. 

Alex.,  abbr.    Alexander. 

Al"ex-an'der,  1  al"egz-an'dar:  2  aregz-an'der,  n.  1.  A.  the 
Great  (356-323  B.  C),  king  of  Macedon;  conqueror  of 
Asia.  2.  One  of  eight  popes;  A.  VI.  (1431-1503).  3.  One 
of  three  emperors  of  Russia;  A.  II.  (1818-1881).  4.  See 
Severcs. 

AT'ex-an'dra,  1   aregz-an'dra;  2  aregz-an'dra,  re.   (1844- 
)     Queen  of  England  1901-1910;  wife  of  Edward  VII.; 
daughter  of  Christian  IX.  of  Denmark. 

Al"ex-an-dret'ta,  1  al"egz-an-dret'a;  2  al"egz-an-dret'a,  n. 
Same  as  Iskanderun. 

Al"ex-an'drl-a,  1  aregz-an'dn-a;  2  aregz-an'dri-a,  n.  1. 
The  chief  Mediterranean  seaport  and  ancient  capital  of 
Egypt;  pop.  332,000.  2.  City  in  Virginia;  pop.  15,000.— 
Al"ex-an'drl-an,  a.  &  re. — Al"ex-an'drlne,  a.  1.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  Alexander  the  Great.  2.  Characterizing  an 
heroic  verse  of  six  iambic  feet,  much  used  in  French  epic 
poetry. — Al"ex-an'drlne,  re.  1.  A  citizen  of  Alexandria. 
2.  An  Alexandrine  verse. 

a-lex"i-phar'mic,  1  a-leks"i-far'mik;  2  a-16ks"i-far'mie. 
Med.  I.  a.  Serving  to  ward  off  or  resist  poison;  anti- 
dotal. II.  n.  An  antidote.  [  <  Gr.  alexipharmakos , 
warding  off  poison,  <  alcxo,  keep  off,  +  pharmakon,  poison.] 

A-lex'ls,  1  a-leks'is;  2  a-leks'is,  or  Alexius  Comnenus  (1048- 
11  IS).     A  Byzantine  emperor  (1081-1118). 

a-lex"i-ter'ic,  1  a-leks"i-ter'ik;  2  a-16ks"i-tSr'ie.     I.  a. 

I.  Capable  of  warding  off  contagion.    2.  Alexipharmic. 

II.  re.  1.  A  preventive  against  contagion.  2.  An  anti- 
dote *or  poison,  especially  an  external  application.  [  < 
Gr.  alcxeterios,  <  alcxo,  ward  off.] 

Alf.,  abbr.     Alfred. 

al-fal  'fa,  1  al-fal'fa;  2  al-fal'fa,  n.  [Sp.  Am.  &  W.  U.  S.] 
A  clover«like  plant  of  the 
bean  family,  used  as  for- 
age in  the  United  States 
and  Europe  ;  lucerne. 
[Sp.,  <  Ar.  al'facfacah, 
best  kind  of  fodder.] 

al"fa-qul',  1  al"fa-ki';  2  al"- 
fa-k'i',  re.  A  teacher  of 
Mohammedan  law  or  of  the 
Koran;  a  priest  of  Islam. 
[Sp.,  <  Ar.  al,  the,  +  fauih, 
doctor.]    al"fa-ki't. 

Al"fi-e'rl,  1  al"fi-e'ri;  2  al"- 
fi-e'ri,  Vlttorlo  (1749- 
1803).  Italian  dramatic 
poet. 

Al-fon'so,  1  al-fen'so;  2  al- 
fon'so,  re.  One  of  many 
Spanish  and  Portuguese 
kings:  especially,  A.  XIII.,  king  of  Spain  (1886-         ). 

Al'ford,  1  el'fard;  2  al'ford,  Henry  (1810-1871).  An  English 
poet  and  scholar:  Dean  of  Canterbury. 

al-for'Jaii,  1  al-for'ja;  2  al-for'ja,  re.  A  wallet;  saddle«oag; 
hence,  cheek»pouch,  as  of  a  baboon;  humorously,  the  stom- 
ach.   [Sp.]    al-for'get;  all-for'chet. 

Al'fred,  1  al'fred;  2  al'fred,  "The  Great"  (849-901).  King 
of  the  West  Saxons:  originated  English  navy. 

al  fres'co,  1  ol  fres'ko;  2  iil  frSs'eo.  In  the  open  air. 
|It.,  <  al  (<  L.  ad  ilium),  in  the;  frry.nt,  fresh.] 

A)g.,  abbr.     Algerian,   Algiers,    -alg.,  nhhr.     Algebra. 

al'ga,  1  al'ga;  2  al'ga,  re.  [al'g.t.,  1  -jl;  2-ge,  pi.]  A  sea- 
weed,   alg*. 

Al'ga?,  1  al'jl;  2  al'gf:,  n.  pi.  Hot.  A  division  of  cellular 
cryptogams— the  kelps,  seaweeds,  etc.    [I>.1 

al'gal.    I.  a.    Of  or  pertaining  to  the  alga;.    II.  n.  An  alga. 

al'ge-bra,  1  al'ji-bra;  2  al'ge-bra,  «.  Mathematical  cal- 
culation by  means  of  letters  and  symbols;  a  treatise  on 
this  branch.  [  <  Ar."  aUjehr,  binding  together.] — al"- 
ge-bra'lc,  a.  Pertaining  to  algebra,  -l-calf. — alge- 
bra'l-cal-ly,  adv.— al'ge-bra"lst,  re.  One  skilled  In  alge- 
bra.— al'ge-bra-lze,  vt. 

Al"ge-cl'ras,  1  arji-sl'ras  or  (Sp.)  ril'hC-thl'ras;  2  al"ge- 
cl'ras  or  (Sp.)  aT'he-thl'ras,  n.  A  seaport  In  S.  Spain;  pop. 
12,000;  international  conference,  April,   1906. 

Al-ge'rl-a,  1  al-JI'n-a;  2  al-ge'rl-a,  re.  A  French  colony  In  N. 
Africa;  343,500  sq.  m.;  pop.  5,564,000. -Al-ge'rl-an,  a.  A 
re.     Al"ge-rlne"i. 

al"gc-rine'2,  1  arji-rln';  2  al"ge-rin',  re.  A  soft  woolen  fabric 
or  shawl  with  bright  stripes. 

al  'glil,  1  al'Jid;  2  al'gld,  a.  Cold;  chilly;  as,  the  algid  stage  of 
ague.    [<  F.  algide,  <  L,  algidus,  <  algeo,  be  cold. j— al- 


Alfalfa. 


gld'l-ty,  n.    Chilliness;   extreme  coldness,    al'gld-nesst. 
— al-gif'ic,  a.    Making  cold,    al-gif'i-cali. 

Al-glers',  1  al-jlrz';  2  al-gers/,  re.  The  seaport  capital  of 
Algeria;  pop.  172,000. 

Al-gon'kl-an,  1  al-gerj'ki-an;  2  al-g6n'ki-an,  a.  1.  Geol.  Of, 
pertaining  to,  or  characterized  by  a  series  of  strata  between 
the  Archa;an  and  the  Cambrian.  2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the 
Algonkin  Indians.    Al-gon'qul-ant. 

Al-gon'kln,  1  al-gen'kin;  2  al-gon'kin,  re.  One  of  a  family 
of  North-American  Indians  formerly  inhabiting  the  terri- 
tory between  North  Carolina  and  Hudson  Bay,  east  of  the 
Mississippi,  including  the  Blackfeet,  Cheyennes,  Mohicans. 
Shawnees,  etc.    Al-gon'quI-anJ. 

al'go-rism,  1  al'go-rizm;  2  al'go-rism,  re.  The  Arabic  or 
decimal  system  of  numeration;  hence,  arithmetic;  also, 
any  method  of  computation.  [  <  Ar.  al'Khowarazmi 
(the  native  of  Khwarazm),  an  Ar.  mathematician.]  al'go- 
ritlmij.  [al'goidt. 

al'gous,  1  al'gus;  2  al'giis,  a.    Of,  like,  or  filled  with  algae. 

al"gua-zll',  1  al'gwa-zll';  2  al'gwa-zir,  re.  An  officer  of  jus- 
tice.   [OSp.,  <  Ar.  al,  the,  +  wazir,  vizir.] 

Al-ham'bra,  1  al-ham'bra;  2  al-ham'bra,  n.  The  medi- 
eval palace  of  the  Moorish  kings  at  Granada,  Spain. 

a'li-as,  1  e'h-as;  2  a'li-as.  I.  a.  Another.  II.  n.  An 
assumed  name.  HI.  adv.  Otherwise;  otherwise  called. 
[L.,  <  alius,  other.] 

A'll  Ba'ba,  1  a'li  ba'ba;  2  a'li  ba'ba.  In  the  Arabian  Nights, 
the  hero  of  The  Forty  Thieves,  who  gains  entrance  to  the 
robbers'  cave  by  the  magic  words  "Open  Sesame." 

al'i-bi.  lal'i-bai;  2  aTi-bl,  re.  Law.  A  plea  of  being  else- 
where at  the  time  when  a  crime  was  committed.  [L.,  < 
alius,  other.] 

al'i-ble,  lal'i-bl;  2  al'i-bl,  a.  Nourishing;  nutritive;  as, 
alible  food.     [  <  L.  alibilis,  <  alo,  nourish.] 

A"li-can'te,  1  a"ll-kan'te;  2  a"li-can'te,  re.  A  province 
(2,185  sq.m.;  pop.  484,000),  or  its  capital  (pop.  51,200) 
in  S.  E.  Spain:  famous  wine  center. 

a 'lien,  1  el'yen;  2  al'yen,  a.  1.  Of  another  country;  for- 
eign. 2.  Hence,  of  foreign  character;  not  similar;  un- 
sympathetic.    [  <  L.OF  alienus,  <  alius,  other.] 

Syn.:  conflicting,  contradictory,  contrary,  contrasted, 
distant,  foreign,  hostile.  Impertinent,  inappropriate  irrele- 
vant, opposed,  remote,  strange,  unconnected,  unli".:c.  For- 
eign refers  to  difference  of  birth,  alien  to  difference  of 
allegiance.  In  their  figurative  use,  that  is  forrwn  which  Is 
remote,  unlike,  or  unconnected;  that  Is  alien  Wuich  Is  con- 
flicting, hostile,  or  opposed.  Impertinent  (not  pertinent)  and 
irrelevant  matters  can  not  claim  consideration  in  a  certain 
connection;  inappropriate  matters  could  not  properly  be 
considered.  Compare  alien,  re. — Ant.:  akin,  appropriate, 
apropos,  essential,  germane,  pertinent,  proper,  relevant. — 
Prep.:  to  or  from:  to  preferable. 

a 'lien,  re.  1.  An  unnaturalized  foreign  resident.  2.  One 
estranged  or  excluded. 

Syn.:  foreigner,  stranger.  A  naturalized  citizen  is  not  an 
alien,  tho  a  foreigner  by  birth,  and  perhaps  a  stranger  in  the 
place  where  he  resides.  A  person  of  foreign  birth  not 
naturalized  It  an  alien,  tho  he  may  have  been  long  resident 
in  the  country,  and  ceased  to  be  a  stranger.  He  Is  an  alien 
in  one  country  if  his  allegiance  is  to  another.  The  people 
of  any  country  still  residing  in  their  own  land  are,  strictly 
speaking,  foreigners  to  the  people  of  all  other  countries, 
rather  than  aliens;  but  alien  and  foreigner  are  often  used 
synonymously. — Ant.:  citizen,  countryman,  fellow-coun- 
tryman, native,  native-born  Inhabitant,  naturalized  person. 
—  Prep.:  to  (rarely  from). 

a 'lien-ate,  1  el'yen-et;  2  al'y?n-at,  vt.  [-at'ed*1;  -at"- 
INO.]  1.  To  make  alien;  estrange.  2.  To  make  over; 
transfer;  sell. — a  'lien-a-hl  <"  .  a.  That  may  be  siien- 
ated.  a"llen-a-bll'l-ty,  re.—  a'llen-ago,  n.  The  state  <>r 
being  alien  or  an  alien. — a"llen-a'tlon,  n.  Estrangemenl . 
sale;  mental  derangement.— Syn.:  insanity.— a'llen-a"- 
tor,  re. — a'llen-ce,  n.  One  who  takes  over  transferred 
property,  -a'llen-lsm,  n.  1.  Alienage.  2.  The  Study  and 
treatment  of  mental  derangement. — a'llen-lsl,  n.  One 
skilled  In  the  study  or  treatment  of  Insanity. — a'!ien-or,  n. 
Law.  One  who  alienates  property  to  another:  a  vender. 
a'llen-erl. — a'llcn-shlp,  n.    Tho  condition  of  an  alien. 

al'i-form,  1  al'i-form;  2  al'i-f6rm,  a.  Wing-shaped: 
said  of  processes  of  bones  and  of  muscles.  [<  L.  ala, 
wing,   +   -FORM.] 

a-llglil ',  1  a-loit';  2  a-llt'.  I.  vi.  (a-light'ed'1;  a-light'- 
ino.]  1.  To  descend  and  come  to  rest;  dismount;  settle. 
2.  To  come  (upon)  by  accident.  II.  o.  &adv.  Lighted; 
on  fire;  lighted  up.  [ME.  alifjhten,  <  a-  (a-1,  or  A-8, 
according  to  the  meaning)  +  lighten,  <  AS.  llhtan;  see 
UOHT,    Vi.] 

a-llgn',  a-lign'menl,  etc.     Same  as  aline,  etc. 

a-Iike',  1  a-laik';  2  a-lik'.  I.  o.  Having  resemblanoe; 
like  one  another;  resembling,  wholly  or  in  part.  II- 
adv.    In  like  manner.    [  <  AS.  onlic.l 


altmrnt  ,,  trt; 


ii        ii     :   I. wt.  liOrm 
II  I  ,.       o      or.  »on,          gS 


S>: 


. 
al  l-m.  mi  . 

1 
ATI-men  'f*|. 
al~l-m>-ii    til-l>.  .il  'l-iin  n-t  i   ll.ni.  I 

.'. 
or  r.\.  a.    Malntt  I 

al    l-int-n    i>-:|\    p*,  a  Ins  to  alimentation. 

-     al  T-mru    llv    ■  1  or  the 

»|-|-mi  ii   il>   .  -ii.  --   ,  i         I . 

petite. 

al"l-m«-n   ta-tli    •  -to  Ii 
ll'i-imn   i.i-ri.  -n:    2    *l"i-men'ta-ry,    a. 

I  with  the  function 
allinrii l.ir>  canal,  ctend- 

in  w  hlcb  rood  1.-  r 

al  'l-iin.-ii> .  l-mo-ny,  n.    1.  Law.  The 

,nd  s  estate  for  her  mail  I 

I    ■  .ration  from  him,  or  during  a  suit 

iring   suit    La   called 
alimony  pendent.-  lite.     '.'.      '  ince;  douriah- 

1.     [<  L.  alimtmia.    <  <i/«,  nourish] 
a-llne'.  ]       :ain';  2  a-lln',  r.     [a-unki/;  a-lin'ino  ]     I.  f. 
■  tiring  into  line,  it*  in  military  tactics. 
II.  l<  I..r  .i  .-.  line.] 

*-llgn':.—  a-llnc'nient.  n.     1.   Position  or  place  In  line; 
formation  In  line.    2.  A  straight  line  through  two  or  more 
a-llKii  mini :. 
All  l'»--li.i  .  I':  2  all  pa-«ha'  (17*1-1822).    An 

:.lan  warrior  and  leader, 
al'l-pi-d.   1  al'i-ped:  2  Al'l-ped.  •  ted  animal;  a 

at.     [<   L.  ala,  wing,  +  pe'd-)s.  loot.] 

all-quant,  1  al't-kwant;  2  alT-kwanl  ined  in 

another  number,  but  with  remainder.  [  <  L.  aliquantu*, 
somewhat.1 

al'1-qimt.  i  aft-kwat;  2  ill-kwot,  n.    Contained  in  an- 

-  number  without  remainder.     [<  L.  aliquot,    < 
-  qunt.  how  many.] 
a-ll-t'.  1   »-lbrt':  2  a-llal',  adr.  A  a.     Xaut.     In  a  0*1 

c»l  position;  : 
a-lln'.  .        ..v';  2  a-llv',  a.    Ravine  or  full  of  li: 

,  in,  +  (i/.  life.] 
&T1J  active,  alert,  animate,  animated,  breathing,  nrl.sk, 
existent,   existing,    live,    lively,    living,    quit 
vliaekw*.     Attorn  applies  to  al  lie,  from  that 

i  living 

thins,  ax  when  we  say  he  Is  "barely  allre"  to  that  which 

Imp  '  -       -   In  the 

■  all  nli't,"  "thoroughly  alln • ."     So  the  word 

•    began   by  signifying   "having   life."    Ls   now 

of  life  as  shown  In  swift 
■  aiMng  Is  capable  of  like  contrast.     \\  e 

-•Ill  breathing":  or  -.«.■  I         ■  atlilng 

stat  . 

'.'111.  v.  1     1  ". 

ewrr.  'ill  and  vlg   I  abundant  life. 

' 
ptflted,    dull.    Inanimate.    Uleless,    spirt- 
:  '    : 

alive  through  all  hi 
a-llz'a-rln.    I  I    •■-    r':<-r\n:  2  a-llz'a-rln,  n.     An  orange-red 
a-ll/ 'a-rlne,  >' compound:  used  in   dyeing.    [<    F.  alizari, 

ma/!      - 
■l*k*  best,  .'  allca-hfeit.  n.     Akhemy.     An  Im- 

I  by  Paracelsus.] 
al'ka-ll.":  d  or -h ;  2  Ulca-B  or -4Ln.  [-us*  oi 

pi.\    A  compour.  L  of  ■.  with  one  of 

certain  elements,  as  sodium  ■  -  or  with  the 

radical  a'  i>i!<-   in   water   and   capable  of 

da»ash:  any  alkali-  ised  in 

t  tworl        (< .  V.  alral\,<  Ar.  ah, 

ashes  of  saltwort]  al'ra-llt. — al"ka- 
les'rent.    I.  a.    Tending  to  become  alkaline.    II.  n.    An 


nlkni.  I      ii  k.i-i  -  i .  ii-.  > .         I  tendency 

al  'ka»lea  .  i  in  i 

.i  i.  i-ii  i. .  i         i ..  change  into  an 

II  10  alkaline  or  an  alkull       I  .      rT.j 

al  k.i-n  t>  ii.  .ii"i..i-iiiii'i'- 

t<T.  Mill  II  .1 

al   ka-llru  c- 1  r> .  nlnatlou  of  the  pcrci 

olution     »l 'k.i-iiii. .         i 
ilkall;  containing  or  produced  bj 

■  l   k.i-lln  l-i> .         i  hcquallt)  of  beluga 
al  k  i-ii/. .  .  Ikallne. 

al'ka-ll.     .       al    k.,-li-/.l(loii.  I         al'ki-lol.l.      I 

in,;  I...  or  like  mi  alkali,  containing  an  alkali  or  an 
ii  peclally 

it'it-  origin,  having  powerful  toxic  qualll 

VI    ki.-r.io    .  ECOB  is.   ilc. 

all.  1  51;  2  al,  a     The  entire  sul 

.  i  ry  one  of:  used  di  M  i  ibutively; 

■;  any  what  I  ■  I  18.  "'II, 

s  at,  nourish,   f  participial  mifiK  -mi:  i-p.  Qoth,  all*.] 

Ml    lools'   ilay,   the   Dm    "f    April,   a   day   on   which 

mil   tricks  are  commonly  practised,      all   fours,   the 

four  li  ,  :  .  Iruped,  or  the  anni  human 

being:  Chiefly   In   the  phrase  Oft  all  fovfl,      all  '-fours",  n, 

rda.-  all  hall,  all  health:  a  friendly  salutation. 

VII. hallows,  a.     I.    Ml  Saints'  day.   Nov.   1.     I.  All  the 

Balms.       All -ballon  :.       Ml-hal'lnu-mas,    „.      Thl 

of  All  Sain  Mihailow  ■tide.  n.  The aeaaon near  Nov.  1, 
—  All  Saints,  the  church  festival  In  honor  of  all  Ml 

nrring  Nov.  1;  % 

hallowmas.-    UlBonll    B.  C.  Ch.),  thl  lov.  2,  on 

which  prayer  la  made  for  the  souls  Of  all  thO  faithful  dead. 
—all  told ,  when  all  are  counted  or  considered. 

all.        The  whole,  collectively,  absolutely,  or  relatively; 

also,  distributively,  each  and  n  or  thing. 

all.  Wholly;  entirely;  quite,  -all  alone,  all  the 

time,      all    but,      ■  nearly  as  possible;  practically  fulfilled; 

almost        all   In   all.   .hi     :  ill   oi.r.    I.   [CoUoQ.j 

In  all  parts.     -.'.(.  and  gone,     all  (he  same, 

without  dlfll  "ling. 

all,  ami.    Aitho.  Mohammedan  use] 

uiaii.  l  al'e;  2  al'a,  n.    [Ar.]   Thi  me  being;  God: 

.vria-ha-bad'.  i  al'e-he-bQd';  2  U'arha^bad',  a.    A  division 

(pop.  5,404,000)  and  Its  capital  (pop.  172,000),  N.  Hrltlsh 

\l"l.iii.:t-I)ale'.  1  ar8n"3»del';  2  al"nn«a-dfll',  n.     In  English 
legend,  an  outlaw  of  Robin   Hood'l   hand  who  Raves   his 
•cart   from    marrying   an   old   knight  and   weds   her 
himself. 
al-lan' lii-ls.  1  a-lan'to-is;  2  ft-lan'to-Is,  n.    A  membra- 
nous aaclike  appendage  in  the  embryos  of  mammala, 
birds,  and  reptiles.     [<  Gr.  alias,  allotUO-,  sausage,    -j" 
form.l— al-lan'told,    a.      Of  or   pertaining   to   the 
nllantoLs.     al"lan-tol'dal;. 
al-la>  ',    1   a-le';   2   a-la',    it.      [al-lavi  o';    m.-i .ay'imi.] 
i.  olence  or  reduce  the  intensity  of;  re- 

lieve; soothe.  2.  To  lay  to  rest;  pacify ;  calm.  :$!•  To 
lay  aside;  put  down;  overthrow;  annul.  [<  a-2  -+-  AS. 
lecgan,  lay.) 

Syn.:  abate,  alleviate,  appease,  assuage,  calm,  compose, 

lessen,  lighten,  mitigate,  moderate,  mollify,  pacify,  palliate, 

■•■duee.  relieve,  soften.  BOOthe,  still,  t rani| iilllze.     To 

allay  Is  to  lay  to  ft  that  which  is  excited. 

ten  a  burden.     We  allay  suffering  by 

using  mean  ad  trangullizc  the  sufferer;  we  "/- 

Dg  by  doing  something  toward  removal  of  the 

:i  there  Is  less  to  .suiter;  we  attav  rage  or  panic; 

poverty,  but  do  not  miny  it.    Pacify,  directly 
from  the  Latin,  and  appease,  from  the  Latin  through  the 

irlng  to  peace;  to  moWfu  '■ 
mitigate  Is  to  make  mild;  we  mollify  a  harsh  disposition  or 
temper,  mitigate  rage  or  pain.    To  calm,  '/"'''.  or  tranOuilUe 

make  still:  cmj>i><>  ..  to  adjust    to  a  i-ilm  and 
condition:   t. Uu    'originally   to  assent  to,  humor)  Is  to 

bring  t"  pleased  quietude.     We  allay  excitement, 

dtation,  eompo  •   our  teellngs  or  counte- 

,  the  quarreleoi  elamor- 

i  ompan  Ant.: 

agitate,  arouse,  excite,  fan,   kindle,   provoke,  rouse,  stir, 

stir  up. 

al-lcge',  1  a-l'-j';  2  a-lfeg7,  vl.    [al-legkd';  AL-uso'nra  ] 

1.  TO  assert  to  be  true,  but  without  proving;  state; 

pU-ad.    2.  To  cite  or  quote.    [  <  L.or  ex,  out,  ■+■  litiao, 

litigated 

Syn_-  adduce,  advance,  affirm,  assert,  asseverate,  assign, 
aver,  cite,  claim,  declare.  Introduce,  maintain,  offer,  plead, 
produce,  gay,  state.  To  allege  Is  formally  to  state  as  true 
able  of  proof,  but  without  proving.  Ailihtce  Is  a 
secondary  word:  nothing  can  be  arlduced  In  evidence  till 
something  b  h-nce  la 

■  it  f.ict  stands  open  to  quest  Ion  or  doubt. 
Alleged  Is,  however,  respectful;  to  speak  of  a  "  so-called  "  will 


1: a  =  final;    I  =  hablt_^    aisle;    au  =  aut;    ell;    10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    Xt  =  sing;    fhin,   this. 
89        2:  wolf,  d«;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,  but,  burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


aliment 
allot 


or  deed,  etc.,  would  be  to  cast  discredit  upon  the  document; 
alleged  simply  concedes  nothing  and  leaves  the  question  open. 
When  an  alleged  criminal  is  brought  to  trial,  the  counsel  on 
either  side  are  accustomed  to  advance,  a  theory,  and  adduce 
the  strongest  possible  evidence  in  its  support;  they  will  pro- 
duce documents  and  witnesses,  cite  precedents,  assign  reasons, 
introduce  suggestions,  offer  pleas.  The  accused  will  usually 
assert  his  Innocence.  Compare  state.  —  Ant.:  see  affirm. 
— al"le-ga'tion,  n.  The  act  of  alleging,  or  that  which 
is  alleged. — al-lege'a-bl(ep,  a.  That  may  be  alleged. 
Al'le-gha"ny,  1  al'i-ge"ni;  2  al'e-ga"ny,  n.  1.  A  mountain 
range  extending  from  Pennsylvania  to  N.  Carolina.  2.  A 
river  in  W.  New  York  and  Pennsylvania.     Al'le-guen"yl. 

al-le'giance,  1  a-ll'jans-  2  a-le'gans,  n.  Fidelity,  or  an 
obligation  of  fidelity,  to  a  government,  a  superior,  or  a 
principle.     [  <  ME.  ligeaunce,   <  liege.] 

Syn.:  devotion,  faithfulness,  fealty,  fidelity,  homage, 
loyalty,  obedience,  subjection.  The  feudal  uses  of  these 
words  have  mostly  passed  away  with  the  state  of  society 
that  gave  them  birth;  but  their  origin  still  colors  their  pres- 
ent meaning.  A  patriotic  American  feels  an  enthusiastic 
loyalty  to  the  republic;  he  takes,  on  occasion,  an  oath  of 
allegiance  to  the  government,  but  his  loyalty  will  lead  him 
to  do  more  than  mere  allegiance  could  demand;  he  pays 
homage  to  God  alone,  as  the  only  king  and  lord,  or  to 
those  principles  of  right  that  are  spiritually  supreme;  he 
acknowledges  the  duty  of  obedience  to  all  rightful  authority; 
he  resents  the  idea  of  subjection.  Fealty  is  becoming  some- 
what rare,  except  in  elevated  or  poetic  style,  faithfulness  or 
fidelity  being  now  preferred. — Ant.:  disaffection,  disloyalty, 
rebellion,  sedition,  treason. — Prep.:  Allegiance  of  the  citi- 
zen to  the  government;  the  government  has  a  right  to  alle- 
giance from  the  citizen. 

— al-le'giant,   a.     Loyal;   faithful. 

aI"le-gor'ic,       )  1  al"i-ger'ik,  -l-kal;  2  al"e-gSr'ic,  -i-cal, 

al"le-gor'i-cal,  S  a.  Pertaining  to  or  containing  allegory; 
figurative.  — al"le-gor  'i-cal-ly,  adv.  — al"le-gor  'i-cal- 
ness,  n.  _ 

al  'le-go-rist,  1  al'i-go-rist ;  2  al'e-go-rlst,  n.  One  who 
composes  or  uses  allegories. — al"le-go-ris  'tic,  a. 

al 'le-go-rize,  1  al'i-go-raiz;  2  al'e-go-rlz,  v.  [-hized;  -riz"- 
ing.]  I.  t.  To  treat  as  allegorical.  II.  i.  To  use  alle- 
gory, al'le-go-risej.— al"le-gor"i-za'tion,  n.  The 
act  of  allegorizing,  or  the  state  of  being  allegorized.  al"le- 
gor"i=sa'tionI.— al'Ie-go-riz"er,  n.  An  allegorist;  one 
who  treats  many  Biblical  narratives  as  allegories,  al'le- 
go-rIs"ert. 

al  'le-go"r y,  1  al'i-go"n;  2  al'e-go"ry,  n.  [-riesz,  pi.] 
The  setting  forth  of  a  subject  under  the  guise  of  some 
other  subject;  an  extended  simile  with  the  compara- 
tive words  left  out,  as  a  story  to  illustrate  a  truth;  any 
symbolic  representation  in  literature  or  art;  an  emblem. 
[<  Gr.L+F  allegorla,<  alios,  other,  +  agoreuo,  harangue.] 
Syn.:  fable,  fiction,  illustration,  metaphor,  parable,  simile, 
story.  The  allegory,  parable,  or  fable  tells  its  story  as  if  true, 
leaving  the  reader  or  hearer  to  discover  its  fictitious  character 
and  learn  its  lesson.  The  word  fiction  is  now  applied  almost 
exclusively  to  novels  or  romances.  An  allegory  or  parable  is  a 
moral  or  religious  tale,  of  which  the  moral  lesson  is  the  sub- 
stance, and  all  descriptions  and  incidents  but  accessories, 
as  In  "The  Pilgrim's  Progress;"  the  parable  is  generally 
briefer  and  less  adorned  than  the  allegory.  A  fable  is 
generally  brief,  representing  animals  as  the  speakers  and 
actors,  and  conveying  some  lesson  of  practical  wisdom  or 
shrewdness.  Compare  simile;  stoky.  —  Ant.:  chronicle,  fact, 
history,  narrative,  record. 

ai"le-gret'to,  1  al"le-gret'to;  2  aTle-greVto.  Mus.  I.  a. 
&  adv.  Slower  than  allegro.  II.  n.  A  movement  in 
allegretto  time.    [It.] 

al-le'gro,  1  al-le'gro;  2  al-le'gro.  Mus.  I.  a.  &  adv. 
Quick;  lively.  II.  n.  A  composition,  strain,  etc.,  in 
quick  time.     [It.,   <  L.  alacer,  brisk.] 

al"le-lu'ia,  1  ari-l&'ye;  2  al'V-Iu'ya,  n.  &  inter}.  Halle- 
lujah.   [LL.]    al"le-lu'laht.— al"lc-lu-lat'lc,  o. 

Allen,  1  al'en;  2  al'en,  Ethan  (1737-1789).  American  sol- 
dier, leader  of  the  "Green  Mountain  lioys,"  a  body  of  Ver- 
mont soldiers  In  the  Revolutionary  war. 

al-le'vi-ate,  1  a-li'yi-ct;  2  a-lS'yi-at,  vt.  [-at"ed>1;  -at"- 
ino.]  To  make  lighter  or  easier  to  bear;  relieve;  miti- 
gate.    [<  L.  ad,  to,   +  levin,  light] 

Syn.:  abate,  allay,  assuage,  lessen,  lighten,  mitigate,  mod- 
erate, reduce,  relieve,  remove,  soften.  Alleviate  is  less  than 
relieve;  relieve,  ordinarily,  less  than  remove.  We  alleviate,  re- 
lieve, or  remove  the  trouble;  we  relieve,  not  alleviate,  the  suf- 
ferer. Assuage  is,  by  derivation,  to  sweeten;  mill  gate,  to  make 
mild;  moderate,  to  bring  within  measure;  abate,  to  beat  down, 
and  so  make  less.  We  abate  a  fever;  lessen  anxiety;  moderate 
passions  or  desires;  lighten  burdens;  mitigate  or  alleviaU 
pain;  reduce  Inflammation;  soften,  assuage,  or  tltoderale 
grief;  we  lighten  or  mitigate  punishments;  we  relieve  any 
suffering  of  body  or  mind  that  admits  '>f  help,  comfort,  or 
remedy.    Compare  allay.  —  Ant.:  aggravate,  augment,  em- 


bitter, enhance,  heighten,  increase.  Intensify,  magnify,  make 
worse-. — al-le"vi-a'tion,  n.  An  alleviating,  or  that  which 
alleviates.— al-le'vl-a-tiv(es.  I.  a.  Tending  to  alleviate. 
II.  n.  Anything  that  alleviates.—  al-le'vi-a"tor,  n.— 
al-le'vl-a-to-ry,  a. 

al'ley1,  1  al'i;  2  al'y,  n.     A  narrow  passageway,  street, 
path,  or  walk;  a  long  narrow  space  for  bowling,  or  the 
building  containing  it.    [  <  F.  allee,  passage.] 
Syn.:  see  way. 
— al 'ley-way",  n.    A  short  or  narrow  passageway. 

al'ley2,  n.    A  large  playing=marble.    [<  alabaster.] 

al"U-a'ceous,  1  ari-e'slius;  2  al"i-a'shus,  a,  1.  Of  or  pertain- 
ing to  the  genus  Allium  (including  the  onion,  leek,  and  gar- 
lic). 2.  Having  the  taste  or  smell  of  the  onion  or  garlic. 
[<  L.  allium,  garlic]     al"i-a'ceoust. 

al-li'ance,  1  a-lai'ons;  2  a-ll'ane,  n.  1.  A  formal  treaty 
or  agreement  between  states  or  other  parties.  2.  The 
union  so  formed;  any  intimate  relationship.  3.  Zool. 
A  superfamily  or  suborder.  4.  Bot.  A  group  of  orders; 
a  cohort.  [  <  OF.  aliance,  <  LL.  alligantia,  <  L.  alligo, 
bind.] 

Syn.:  affinity,  coalition,  compact,  confederacy,  confed- 
eration, federation,  fusion,  kin,  league,  partnership,  union. 
Alliance  is  in  its  common  use  a  connection  formed  by  treaty 
between  sovereign  states  as  for  mutual  aid  In  war.  Part- 
nership is  a  mercantile  word;  alliance  chiefly  political  or 
matrimonial.  Coalition  is  oftenest  used  of  political  parties; 
fusion  is  now  the  more  common  word  in  this  sense.  In  a 
confederacy  or  confederation  there  Is  an  attempt  to  unite 
separate  states  In  a  general  government  without  surrender 
of  sovereignty.  Union  makes  the  separate  states  sub- 
stantially one.  Federation  is  a  poetic  and  rhetorical  word 
expressing  something  of  the  same  thought.  The  United 
States  is  not  a  confederacy  nor  an  alliance;  the  nation  might 
be  called  a  federation,  but  prefers  to  be  styled  a  federal 
union.  See  association. — Ant.:  antagonism,  discord,  dis- 
union, divorce,  enmity,  hostility,  schism,  secession,  separa- 
tion, war. — Prep.:  Alliance  with  a  neighboring  people; 
against  the  common  enemy;  for  offense  and  defense;  alliance 
of,  between,  or  among  nations. 

Al'li-bone,  1  al'i-bon;  2  al'i-bon,  Samuel  Austin  (1816- 
1889).    An  American  writer  and  literary  critic. 

al'li-chol-lyt,  n.    Melancholy. 

al-lied',  1  a-laid';  2  a-lld',  pa.  1.  United,  confederated, 
or  leagued.     2.  Morphologically  related.     See  ally,  v. 

al'Ii-gatet,  vt.    To  unite;  attach. 

al'li-ga"tor,  1  al'i-ge"tsr;  2  ari-ga"tor,  n.     1.  A  large 


Alligator.  1/ti 
American  crocodilian  reptile,  having  a  long  jaw  set 
with  strong  teeth  and  an  armored  skin;  loosely,  any 
crocodile.  2.  A  machine  for  squeezing  ore,  etc.  3.  A 
kind  of  printing*press.  [Earlier  aUigarta,  <  Sp.  el 
lagarlo,  <  el,  the,  +  lagarlo,  lizard.]  al'le-ga"tort;  al'll- 
gar"tat. 

al-11'slont,  n.    The  act  of  striking  or  dashing  against. 

al-lit"er-a'tion,  1  a-lit"ar-c'shan;  2  a-lIt"er-a'shon,  n. 
The  use  of  a  succession  of  words  with  the  same  initial 
letter  or  sound;  initial  rime.  [<  L.  ad,  to,  +  litera, 
letter.]— al-lit'er-a-tiv(es,  o.  Pertaining  to  or  marked  by 
alliteration,    al-llt 'er-ail. 

al'lo-cate,  1  al'o-ket;  2  al'o-cat,  vt.  [-CAT"EDd;  -cat^ino.] 
To  place;  set  apart;  apportion;  locate;  attach  locally. 
[<  L."-  ad,  to,  +  locus,  place.]— al"lo-ca'tion,  n. 

ar'lo-ca'tur,  1  al"o-ke'tur;  2  aT'o-ea'tiir,  n.  Law.  The 
judicial  indorsement  of  a  writ  or  order.     [L.] 

al'IO-CU'tlOn,  1  al"o-kiu'shon;  2  al"o-cu'shon,  n.  A 
formal  exhortation  or  address,  as  of  the  Pope  to  the 
clergy.    [  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  loquor,  speak.] 

al-lo'dl-uiil,  1  a-16'di-um;  2  8,-16'di-um,  n.  [-di-a,  pi.] 
Law.  1.  The  interest  or  estate  in  lands  held  in  absolute 
ownership;  in  the  United  States  generally,  estates  in  fee 
simple.  2.  Land  so  held.  ILL.,  <  OHO.  all»d,  <  all, 
all,  +  Ot,  property.]  a-luMI-iim  J. — al-lo'dl-al,  a.  Per- 
taining to  the  absolute  ownership  of  land,  free  from  rent  or 
service:  opposed  to  feudal,     a-lo'dl-alt- 

al-lop'a-thy,  1  a-lop'o-tln;  2  a-16p'a-thy,  «.  Med.  The 
system  of  remedial  treatment  in  which  it  is  sought  to 
cure  a  disease  by  producing  a  condition  incompatible 
with  tlic  disease:  opposed  to  homeopathy.  [  <  Or.  alios, 
other,  -f  pathos,  suffering,  disease.]-- ar'lo-path'lc,  a.  Per- 
taining to  or  favoring  allopathy.  -aI"lo-path'l-cal-ly,  adv. 
al-lop'a-thist,  n.     al'lu-patht. 

al-lot',  1  a-lot';  2  a-lot/,  vt.  [ a l-lot'ted"1  ;  al-lot'tinu.] 
To  assign  by  lot;  dint  ribute;  apportion;  appoint;  assign. 
l<  F.  allotlr,  <   LL.  lottum,  lot.] 


altotrop) 


u'.c     .in  klf 

! 
■ 

a*    a*  Statu 


>  I  I         ..  .  ,".       ot.ftr:   full,  rule;   I. in,  l.ftrn; 

-«....         .  i.i  .  fUru;  hit,  kx      i  i      ■;  go,  not.  Or,  w4)        M 


ir  If 


n  to  it : 
•  .  w Itlihuld. 
>l-l"i    m.  in.  iliuj  or  that  which  Li 

al-loi  r.>-|i> .  Vari- 

•T.       + 

r  .il-l.il   r.-pl-m :         il   I. -trope,   •.. 

an   allotrop  • 
ai  i .  —  t  r . •  ii  i.  .\  las  tin  property  «>f 

al    !■  — irn|>  l-ral : . 

air  nil  .  .'.!•  higher). 

ai-l.ii  i.  r->    .  -.      \  ire;  portion. 

iMn  .  I.i..:  do  obstacle 

.   to  appro\  • 

:t.  ike  allowai 

4.    .  •    acknowledge.     II.  i.    To 

tcment.     [.1 
.nines  from  both  Latin  aUaudare,  to  pre 
aliocarr    to  place.  H 

Sm_-  admit,  concede,  confess,  consent  to.  endure. 

i'lrmtt  that  to  which 
.  e  express  authorliatlon.      When  this  is  given  verbally 
ailed  perinisnioii:  when  In  writing  li  laeonunon 
a  per  ..-■de  a  right:  grunt  I  r 

sale  of  property:  permit  :.  Hints;  ■••auction 

a  marriage:  tolerate  the  r  servant ; 

iub~.u  to  a  surgical  operation:  yield  to  a  del 
jity  again*' 

pulsion.  Suffer,  In  the  son.-*-  of  mild  concession.  is  now  be- 
eomlnic  rare.  Compare  permission.--  Ant.:  deny,  disallow. 
disapprove  -u  withstand. 

-  for  I'KoiiiiiiT. — Prep.:  To  allow  of  (In 
best  recent  usage,  simply  to  aiiotr)  such  an  action:  allow  one 
4a  such  a  o 

I  e-M  e',  a.    That  i  ed;  permissible: 

admissible.  -  al-lnw 'a-hl>,  ail'  al-low  'ance.  I1,  rf.  To 
put  on  an  allowance:  limit  In  amount.  II.  n.  1.  That 
which  to  allowed:  a  limited  amount  or  portion,  as  of  Income 
or  la  I  '^sion;  a  differenoe  allowed  In  excess  or 

abatement.     3.   Acknowledgment.     Synj  see   PKBM 

BD1       al-lo»ed\  pa.      That    Is    permitted; 
approved:  licensed. — al-low 'ed-ly,  adt. 
al-lo) '.  ]    b-M/;2a-4fiy/.    I.  rl  i  ri.    To  mix  with  or  form 
I'-base;  combine  by  mixing     II. 
1-  txture  of  two  or  more  metals  or  the  baser 

metal  in  such  mixture.    2.  Anything  that  reduce?  purity 
I,  to,  +  lino,  bind.] 
Situ  admixture,  adulteration,  debarment,  deterioration. 
Adulteration,  debasement,  and  deterioration  are  alu 
In  the  bad  sense:  admixture  to  neutral,  and  td 
bad:  alloy  to  commonly  good  In  the  literal  sense,  as  for  giving 
hardness  to  •/  virtually  amounts 

to  adulteration:  but  adult  -  cted  to 

articles  u—  ne,  and  klndri 

.  I    ractet   etc.,  aiimi 

to  u:.' .  Landard  I-  perfection, 

al-lo)  'age,  n      The  set  or  process  of  all'. 
all  ''round".  .  ■•'•round*;  2  al'«round*,  a.    1. 

ictaon  or  effi 
ate  of  the  same  busi- 
>.ilo 
all'»plc  '.",  n.     The  aromatic  dried 

■  be  pimento, 
all  thing".  1  . ',.  ■ :.::/;  2  al'thlng*.  n.    [Dial,  or  Obs.] 

al-lude',  1  a-liud';  2  Wad',  ri.    [ai/-lud'f.i/I;  At.-i.cr/ivr;  ] 
thing]  without expreee  mention;  make 
•  :  always  with  to.    [  <  L.  ad,  at,  to,  + 
ludo.  play.] 

3jm_-  advert,  hint.  Imply,  Indicate,  Insinuate.  Intimate, 
.nt.  refer,  signify,  suggest.     We  allude  to  a  mat- 
ter slightly,  as  If  In  byplay:  we  ailrtrrt  to  it  when  we  turn 
•*rom  our  path  to  treat  U  ■  ■■  clear  utter- 

ance or  expression.  One  may  hint  at  a  thing  In  a  friendly 
way,  but  what  to  Insinuated  to  always  unfavorable,  generally 


both  hostile  and  oowardl)      One  nut)   Indicatt  hli 

hill  opinion,  rttntfD  his  win.  sugast 
.  ii  in      Prep  :  tn 

.il-lnrc   .  m    i  i  in  i.'.    \iii  n'lN,.  ] 

I  Lb  a  lure;  attract ;  entice; 

tempi      II.         i  •  motion     |-,  i  IP,  alurtr, 

:-.irrr.  lure  ] 

pi  |\  ate,  ooax,  deoo] .  draw,  entice, 
ii  e,  tempt,  w  Ii  trod  »  Ithout 

to  i -\  ii.  but  i   good: 

brighter  world  A      I       I    170, 

or  more  akin  to  tbe  physical  nature  and  com- 
monly used  in  unfa\  orable  sense  i  •■  tempt  Is  to  endeavor 
to  lead  one  wrong;  I  d  In  tetnntiu}  one  from 

to  in  ii 'i«  ma)  be  used  in  a  good  sense,  in  which  it 
surpasses  the  higtu-.i  sense  of  allure,  because  II  suci  • 
that  which  ailur,  attempts  Coax  expresses  the  attraction 
of  the  person,  not  of  the  thing.  A  man  may  bo  coaxed  to 
that  which  is  bj  no  means  alluring.  CaJoU  ami  iin-ny  carry 
the  Idea  of  deceiving  and  ensnaring,  To  inoetgh  Is  to  k  id 
one  blindly,  as  into  follj  or  wrong,  Bee  draw;  i  >  asi  ioi 
Aiit.:  rhiii.  damp,  deter,  dissuade,  drive  away,  repel,  warn. 
—  Prep.:  Allure  t>v  bones;  allure  from  evil  fa  | 

al-liiro',  n.    The  aci  "f  alluring,  or  that  which  allures. 
.ii-liiro'nieiit,  n.     1.   lulu  i  until .  fascination;  attrac- 
tion,   'i.  a  charm;  lure.    aJ-lnrlug,  pa.     i  bai  di 
wiiii  a  inn-,  attractive;  fascinating, 
al-lu 'slon,  i  a-UO/jen;  2  HQ'shon,  n.     An  alluding;  iu- 

direcf  reference;  suggestion. 
■Ma'gti  e*i  1   •  lid  '-I-. .  2  a-lu'siv,  a.    Suggestive;  figura- 
tive,   -ly,  ad*,    -muss,  n, 
al-lu'vl-al.  1  a-IiO/vi-el;  2  a-lfl'vi-eJ,  a.    Pertaining  to  or 
composed  of  earth  deposited  by  water.    [  <  L.  ad, 
wash.]     al-lu 'vl-an,  -ous,  'a. 
al-lu'vl-on,  1  a-liu'yi-en;  2  a-10/vi-on,  n.     1.   Earthy 
rloocUdepoeit;  alluvium:  a  term  used  especially  in  law. 
'i.  foundation;  flood;  wave»waahing     :i.  \  downpour  of 
volcanic  cinder  mud.    I<  L^  oUurio(n-) ;  see  alluvia]  1 

al-lu  'vi-UIll,    1    a-liu'vi-mn;   2   a-lu'vi-um,    n.      |-\ 

-vi-imsz,  ;;/.]     Deposits,  as  of  sand  or  mini,  formed  in 

ick  water  or  overflow  oi  streams.    [\..\ 

al-ly  '.  1  a-loi';  2  a-lv',  r(.  i  ri'.     [ai.-i.iki/;  ai.-i.v'ino]    To 

hip,  treaty,  or  compact;  form  alliance. 

[<   L.»  ad.  to,  +  ligo,  bind.] 

al-ly',  n.    [,»t.-i. iks'z,  pi.]    A  state  or  ruler  leagued  with 

another  by  treaty;  an  associate  or  helper;  a  kinsman:  a 

related  organism.     Syn_-  see  aoobsbobt;  adhirbnt;  as- 

I      \11.I\HY. 
al"l>-geaunce't,  n.     Alleviation;  llghtotilni;:  atonement 

at 'ma,  l  al'ms;  2  U'ma,  n.    An  Egyptian  .singing  glrL    [< 

.\r.  'nlmah,  learned.]      al'rnah:. 
al"ma-cen',  1  al'ma-flien';  2  al'mii-then'.  n.     [H  i  m.-'.  pi.) 

1.  A  warehouse.     2.  A  dockyard. 
al'nia  ma'tcr,  1  al'me  mfi'ter;  2  U'ma  ma'ter      The 

institution  of  learning  where  one  has  been  educated. 

[L.,  fostering  mother.] 
al'ma-nac,  1  el'me-nak;  2  al'ma-mVe,  n.    A  hook  giving 

the  day-  of  the  week  and  month  through  the  year,  with 

various  data:   a  yarly   calendar.      [<   Ar.   at,   the,    + 

mandkh,  calendar.] 
al'man-dite,  1  al'man-doit;  2  al'man-dlt,  n.     A  garnet 

which,  when  of  a  fine  deep  or  purpli.-li  transparent  red.  is 

known  as  "precious."     [Tor  ai.mandink,    <  r.  alman- 
<   1,1,   alamandina,  for  alabandina.   <  Alabanda,  City 

in    \'-ia   Minor  ]     al'man-dliife":;  al'mon-dln [e»t. 
\l-iii.ni'sa.  1  nl-ninn'so;  2al-maii'-a.  n.     A  city  In  S.    I 

(pop     12 1  ;    I  rench  and    Spanish   defeated   the   l-.nglish, 

Dutch,    and    Portuguese,  April  25.  1707.  AI- 

iii.in'/.a:. 
AI'ma<Tad'e-ma,    1  afnuvtad'l-ms;    2    al'ma* 
sir  l^iwrence  (183«    l'JIUj.    A  iirlt- 

tller. 

al'inor-)*,  a.     Same  as  aaCBBT. 

alm'esset,  n.    Alms;  charity. 

al-mighl  '>,  1  61-rnait'i;  2  al- 
init'v  I.  n.  Able  to  do  all 
things  II.  n.  [A-]  God;  the 
Supreme  Being:  used  with 
the  definite  article.  [  <  AS. 
eal,  all,  +  mihtig,  mighty] 
ilniond,  1  6'-  <>r  al'mand;  2 
a'-  or  al'mond,  n.  1.  The 
of  the  fruit  of  the  al- 
mond-tree. 2.  The  almond- 
tree,  originally  a  native  of 
Barbary  or  Morocco,  now 
widely  cultivated  in  the 
warmer  temperate  region-  3.  Anything  resembling  an 
almond  In  form.     [  <  GT.or  amygdali,  almond.] 


Almond. 


,  fruit; 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt£   aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    la  =  feud;    <!hin;    go;    rj  =  sino;   Chin,  ttiis.         allotropy 
31     2:  wglf,  dp/,  book,   boot;  full,  rtnle,  cure,  but,   bQrn;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this,     alternative 


•U'mon-er,  1  al'man-ar;  2  al'mon-er,  n.  An  official  dis- 
penser of  alms;  formerly,  a  household  chaplain,  as  of  a 
prince.  [<  Gr.LL+OF  e/eemosj/ne;  see  alms.]  alm'nert. 
— ai'mon-ry,  n.  The  residence  of  an  almoner;  a  place 
where  alms  are  dispensed. 
al'most,  1  al'most;  2  al'most,  adv.    Approximately;  very 

nearly.  [  <  AS.  ealmsest;  see  all;  most.] 
alms,  1  amz;  2  am?,  n.  sing.  &  pi.  A  gift  or  gifts  for  the 
poor;  charitable  offerings;  charity.  [<  AS.  selmesse, 
<  Gr.  eleemosyne,  <  eleos,  pity.]  alm'oset;  aim 'oust. 
— alms'=deed",  n.  An  act  of  charity. — alms'house", 
n.  1.  [U.  S.]  A  house  where  paupers  are  supported;  a 
poorhouse.  2.  [Eng.]  A  house  where  deserving  poor 
people  (usually  aged  persons)  are  supported  by  private 
charity:  generally  on  a  charitable  foundation. — alms'- 
man,  n.  [-men,  pi.}  One  supported  by  charity.— alms'- 
wo-man,  n.  fern. 

Aln'wlck,  1  an'ik;  2  an'le,  n.  An  ancient  town  in  north- 
east England;  pop.  7,000;  besieged  by  Scots  In  1093,  1136, 
and  1174. 

a-lo'dl-al,  a-Io'di-um,  etc.    Same  as  allodial,  etc. 

al'oe,  1  al'o;  2  al'o,  n.  1.  Any  plant  of  the  genus  Aloe, 
some  species  of  which  furnish  a  drug,  and  others  valu- 
able fiber.  %.  [A-]  A  genus  of  Old  World  plants  of  the 
lily  family.  [  <  Gr.AS  aloe,  aloe.] — al'oes,  n.  sing.  &  pi. 
A  bitter  cathartic  from  certain  species  of  aloe. — American 
aloe,  the  century»plant. — al"o-et'lc,  a.    al"o-et'l-cal}. 

a-loft',  1  a-left';  2  a-16ft',  adv.  1.  In  or  to  a  high  or 
higher  place;  on  high;  high  up.  2.  Naut.  At  or  to  the 
higher  parts  of  a  ship's  rigging.  [  <  Ice.  d,  on,  in,  + 
lopt,  air.] 

a-lone',  1  a-lon';  2  a-16n',  a.  &  adv.  Without  company; 
solitary;  without  equal;  unique;  unparalleled;  only. 
[ME.  al  one,  all  one.]    al  onet. 

a-long'1, 1  a-len';  2  a-16ng'.  I.  adv.  1.  Over  or  through 
length  in  time  or  space;  lengthwise;  onward.  2.  In  com- 
pany or  association:  usually  followed  by  with.  3||. 
Lengthwise.  II.  prep.  On  the  line  of;  by  the  side  of, 
throughout.  [  <  AS.  and — |-  long;  see  a-4  and  long.]  — 
a-long 'side".  I.  adv.  Close  to  or  along  the  side.  II.  prep. 
Side  by  side  with. 

a-Iong'2,  adv.  [Dial,  or  Colloq.]  By  reason;  on  account; 
because:  used  in  the  prepositional  phrase  along  of  (formerly 
along  on)  and  sometimes  shortened  to  long.  [  <  AS.  gelang, 
<  ge-  (A-')   +  lang,  long.] 

a-loof,  1  a-luf;  2a-16of.  1.  adv.  At  a  distance;  apart.  115. 
prep.    Separate  from.     [<  A-1  +  D.  loef,  part  of  a  ship.] 

A'lost,  1  a'lost;  2.  a'lost,  n.  A  town  in  N.  E.  Belgium,  en- 
tered by  the  Germans,  1914. 

a-loud',  1  a-luud';  2  a-!oud',  adv.    Loudly  or  audibly. 

a-low",  1  a-lo';  2  a-16',  adv.  [Naut.  or  Poet.]  In  or  to  a  lower 
position;  below;  opposed  to  aloft.  [a-lowe't. 

a-low'2,  1  a-lau';  2  a-low',  adv.    [Scot.]     In  a  blaze;  on  fire. 

alp,  1  alp;  2  alp,  n.  1.  (1)  [A-]  pi.  A  range  of  lofty 
mountains  of  central  Europe.  (2)  sing.  Any  peak  of 
this  range;  also,  an  alpine  pasture.  2.  A  lofty  mountain. 
[<  L.  Alpes,  the  Alps;  cp.  Gael,  alp,  high  mountain.] 

al-pac'a,  1  al-pak'a;  2  al-pac'a,  n.  1.  A  sheep=like  rumi- 
nant of  South  America,  hav- 
ing long,  silky  wool.  2.  A 
thin  cloth  made  of  or  in  imi- 
tation of  its  wool;  often 
mixed  with  silk  or  cotton. 
[Sp.,  <  Ar.  al,  the,  +  Peru. 
paco,  name  of  the  animal.] 

al 'pen-stock",  1  al'pen-stak";  2 
al'pen-stok",  n.  A  long,  Iron* 
pointed  slaff,  used  by  moun- 
tain-climbers. [G.,  <  Alpen, 
Alps,  +  stock,  stick.] 

al'pha,  /  1  al'fa;  2  al'fa,  n.   The 

al  'faB,    (  first  letter  in  the  Greek 

alphabet,  equal  to  the  English  A,  a;  hence,  the  beginning  or 
first  of  anything.  [I,.,  <  Or.  alpha,  <  Heb.  'aleph,  ox.]— 
alpha  rays,  see  ray,  n. 

al'plia-het,  )  1  al'fa-bet;  2  al'fa-bet,  n.    The  letters  that 

arfa-lH'ts,  J  form  the  elements  of  written  language,  in 
order  as  fixed  by  usage;  the  simplest  elements  or  rudi- 
ments of  anything.  [  <  Gr.  alphabltOB,  <  alpha  =  a, 
+  beta  =  b.]— al"pha-bct'lc,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to,  having, 
or  expressed  by  an  alphabet,  'i.  Alphabetical.— alpha- 
bet'l-eal,  a.  1.  Arranged  In  the  order  of  the  alphabet.  2. 
Alphabetic— al"pha-bct '1-oal-ly,  adv.—  al'pha-bct-lze, 
vl.  [-ized:  -iz"ino.|  1.  To  make  alphabetical.  2.  Toexpress 
by  alphabetical  symbols. 

Al-phe'us,  1  al-fl'iis;  2  al-fe'us,  n.  A  river  in  ancient  Pelo- 
ponnesus. Greece;  75  m.   long. 

Al'plne,  1  al'pin  or-puin;  2  al'pin  or  -pin,  o.  Pertaining 
to  or  characteristic  of  the  Alps  or  any  high  range,  peak, 
or  mountain  region.     [  <  L.  Alpes,  Alps.] 


al-read'y, )  1  el-red'i;  2  al-rSd'y,  adv.    Before  or  by  this 

al-red'y8,  >  time  or  the  time  mentioned;  even  now.  [ME.; 
see  all;  ready.] 

Al-sace',  1  al-ses'  or  al'sas';  2  al-sac'  or  ar.siic',  n.  A  former 
department  of  N.  E.  France;  now  part  of  Alsace-Lorraine. 
— Al-sa'tlan1,  a.  &  n. 

AI-sace'<Lor-raine',  1  »lo-ren';  2  "16-ran',  n.  Reichsl.-\nd  of 
the  German  empire;  5,604  sq.  m.;  pop.  1,874,000;  ceded 
by  France,  1871. 

Al-sa'tl-a,  1  al-se'slii-a;  2  al-sa'shi-a,  n.  White  friars,  Lon- 
don: so  called  when  formerly  a  sanctuary  for  insolvent 
debtors;  hence,  any  sanctuary  for  criminals. — Al-sa'tlan2, 
n.    A  resident  of  Alsatia;  hence,  an  adventurer. 

al'sike,  1  al'sik;  2  al'sik,  n.  A  valuable  foragc=plant 
with  pinkish  or  white  flowers.  [<  Alsike,  in  Sweden.] 
Alslke  clover}:;  Swedish  clover}. 

al'so,  1  el'so;  2  al'so,  adv.  &  conj.  As  something  further 
tending  in  the  same  direction;  besides;  in  addition; 
likewise.     [<  AS.  eal  swa;  see  all;  so.] 

Syn.:  as  well,  as  well  as,  besides,  in  addition,  in  like  man- 
ner, likewise,  similarly,  too,  withal.  These  words  fall  into 
two  groups;  as  well  as,  besides,  in  addition,  too,  withal, 
simply  add  a  fact  or  thought;  also  (all  so),  in  like  manner, 
likewise,  similarly,  affirm  that  what  is  added  is  like  that  to 
which  it  is  added.  As  well  follows  the  word  or  phrase  to 
which  it  Is  joined.  We  can  say  the  singers  as  well  as  the 
players,  or  the  players,  and  the  singers  as  well. — Ant.:  but, 
in  spite  of,  nevertheless,  notwithstanding,  on  the  contrary, 
on  the  other  hand,  yet.  [altus,  high.] 

alt,  1  alt;  2  alt,  a.    Mus.   Alto;  high.    [<  It.  alto,  <  L. 

alt.,  abbr.    Alternate;  altitude;  alto.— Alta.,  abbr.    Alberta. 

Al'tal,  1  al'tai;  2  at'tl,  n.  A  mountain  range  between  Mon- 
golia and  Siberia;  11,000  to  12,800  ft.  high.— Al-ta'lc,  a. 

al  'tar,  1  eTtar;  2  al'tar,  n.  1.  A  raised  place  for  burning 
sacrifices  or  incense.  2.  The  communion-table;  a  place 
of  prayer.  3.  One  of  the  steps  forming  the  sides  of  a 
dry=dock.  [<  L.OF  altar,  <  altus,  high.] — al'tar=boy", 
n.  An  attendant  on  the  altar;  acolyte. — a.  apiece,  n.  A 
painting,  mosaic,  or  bas»relief  over  and  behind  the  altar;  a 
reredos. 

al'ter,  1  el'tar;  2  al'ter,  v.  1. 1.  To  cause  to  be  different; 
change;  vary;  modify;  transform.  II.  i.  To  become 
different.  [  <  L.  alter,  other.  Syn.:  see  change. — al"- 
ter-a-bll'I-ty,  n.  Liability  to  or  capacity  for  change. — 
al'ter-a-bl(ep,  a.  Capable  of  alteration. — al'ter-a-bl(e- 
nessP,  n. — al'ter-a-bly,  adv. — al"ter-a'tlon,  n.  The  act 
or  result  of  altering,  or  the  state  of  being  altered;  modifica- 
tion; change.  Syn.:  see  change. — al'ter-a-tlv(e".  I.  a. 
Tending  to  change  gradually  the  bodily  condition  to  a 
normal  state.    II.  n.    An  alterative  medicine,    al'ter-ant}. 

al'ter-cate,  1  al'[or  el'jtar-ket;  2  al'[or  al']ter-cat,  vi. 
[-CAT"EDd;  -cat"ing.]  To  dispute;  wrangle.  [<  L.  al- 
tercor,  wrangle,  <  alter,  another.] 

al"ter-ca'tion,  1  al"[or  ol"]tar-ke'.<han;  2  al"[or  al"]ter- 
ca'shon,  n.    Angry  controversy ;  disputing;  wrangling. 

Syn.:  affray,  brawl,  broil,  contention,  controversy,  de- 
bate, discussion,  disputation,  dispute,  dissension,  disturb- 
ance, fracas,  quarrel,  wrangle,  wrangling.  Debate,  discus- 
sion, and  dispute  have  all  an  honorable  use,  and  are  at  times 
necessary.  Dispute  is  preferably  used  of  rights  and  claims; 
as,  the  title  or  the  will  Is  in  dispute;  debate  and  discussion 
refer  rather  to  abstract  matters,  and  may  be  entirely  amica- 
ble. Disputation  has  a  touch  of  bitterness.  Altercation, 
contention,  controversy,  and  wrangle  are  all  words  signifying 
more  or  less  of  111  feeling;  so  Is  dispute  in  common  speech; 
as,  a  sharp  dispute.  Contention  and  controversy  are  capable 
of  a  good  sense  in  the  learned  or  elevated  style.  Debate 
should  never  degenerate  into  altercation.  See  quarrel. — 
Ant.:  agreement,  concord,  consonance,  harmony,  unanimity, 
unity. — Prep.:  with. 

al'ter-nate,  1  al'tar-net;  2  al'ter-nat,  v.  [-nat'ed11; 
-nat"ing.]  I.  I.  To  change  by  alternation;  perform 
successively.     II.  i.     1.  To  occur  alternately.     2.  To 

Cass  from  one  thing,  state,  or  condition  to  another  and 
ack  again  repeatedly.  3.  Eire.  To  change  from  the 
positive  to  the  negative  direction  and  back  rapidly; 
vibrate;  pulsate:  said  of  a  current.     [L.  alter,  other.] 

al-ter'natc,  1  al-tur'mt;  2  al-ter'nat.  I.  a.  1.  Existing, 
occurring,  or  following  by  turns;  reciprocal.  2.  Every 
other  (of  a  scries);  pertaining  to  such  a  series.  3. 
Bot.  Placed  singly  at  intervals  on  the  stem,  as  leaves. 
II..  n.  \V .  S.]  1.  A  substitute  or  second.  2§.  An  alter- 
nation; vicissitude,    al'ternt. — al-tcr'nate-ly,  adx 

al"ter-na'tion,  1  al"far-ne'^han;  2  al*t6r-na'shon,  ». 
Occurrence  or  action  of  two  things  or  series  of  things  in 
turn;  passage  from  one  place;,  state,  or  condition  to 
another  and  back  again;  permutation. 

al-ter'na-tlv(eH,  1  al-tur'na-tiv;  2  al-tgr'na-tiv.  I.  a. 
Affording  a  choice  between  two  things.  II.  n.  Some- 
thing that  may  or  must  be  instead  of  something  else; 


A I  til." 

Ull  I'M  -ll 


i        \  1  i  "  0     D«t,  flr;    full,  rOle;    I. ill,  liOrn: 

i    nil;  me.  g*i       ■  iii  i  ..  DAt.6r.w6n,       -»' 


■ 


:!::r  It  In  the 
...i,         V    |..  i 

•i.  from  the 


l«  glad 


iMIm  . 
al-though 


.ilii-iu.i. . 


.  .  -i i   . 
•• 

■  ii  tho;  notwithstanding 

TIM  ] 

\  wind«in- 
.  by  military  bands. 

instru- 

ir  elevation.     |I.  . 

.il-liin  V-lr>.  n 

2  ITU-tod,  n      1.  \  i  rii.il  eleva- 

.'.  ■  il  ir  elevation  above  the 

■    point.     (  <    L.  <i/(i- 
KIOBT. 

-i u  .ii-n.ii.         :..  :;i t ink:  !<>  altitude, 
.il  (...  |  I.        Sound- 

ble     II.  a.    1.  The 
'.'.  The  lii^Uoi  male 

i.  nor  violin.     [  <   I..1' 

aft*-ceu 'er,  g8th'er,od».   Com- 

illy;   permanently. 
aaa.]  [Illinois. 

M  Ion,  I  cil  ip    18 .'.  B.  w. 

\i  i.i-ii  i .  ■!.    a  manufacturing  olty, 

\i-io.rna.  1  al-tCns;  SU-toVna,  n.    A  manufacturing  elty 

2  000. 
il  'to  rl-llc'\n.    l  ■  -.-'-,  rl-lye'vo,    n. 

>   |     ;il"t<(:r('-ilc'vo  +  . 
al'lisi  Ism,  1  al'tro-ism;  2  al'tru-Nni,  n.     Devotion  t<> 

1  benevolence:  op- 
posed t  (<  I.  "*h  '  alU  r.  other  ]     al'tru-ist, 
ii'ini-i^'iir.  a.     Pertain- 
ing to  altruism  or  altrui-         .il"tru-l>'tl-cal-l> ,  adv. 
alum,                    'il'uni.  n.    An  astringenl  mineral  salt; 
a  douM'-  sulfate  oi  -  of  aluminum  and  potas- 
■  mfn.] 
Alum.,  abbr.     Alumni. 

a-lu  inl-na,  1  &-Iiu'mi-ns;  2  a-lu'mi-na,  n.     Chem.     Alu- 
minum ox:  abundant  of  earths,  the  basis  of 
v  rocks  and  soils.     [<   L.  alumm,  alum]     al'u- 
mln: ;  al  u-nilin  : 
a-ln  inl-nuni,    1    a-liQ'mi-num;  2   a-lu'mi-niim,    n.      A 
light.  Mmab'white,  malleable  ami  ductile  metallic  ele- 
ndise  or  tarnish,  is  lighter  than 
glass,  and  by  hammering  and  rollii  .  as  hard 
[<  L.  alumen,  alum]    al"u- 
mln'l-um:.     a-lu'ml-nou   . 
a-lum'nu-.  1  d-lum'nus;  2  a-lam'nQs.  n.     [-M.  1  -nal;  2  -nl. 
A  male  graduate  of  a  college  or  school;  loosely,  any 
pupi:                       --son.    <    alo,   nourish.)  —  a-lum'na,    n. 
2  -ne\  pi]     A  woman  graduate  or  pupil. — a- 
lum'nl-ate,  n.     The  time  tttldi 

Al'ia.  .  i  aYva:  2  al't  ■    Duke  of 

i  <i<-  Toledo,  a  Span! 
eral;  r.i  i  rlands. 

AI">a-ra'do,  l  M»vo-rf'mo;  2  iil'vii-rii'Mio.  Pedro  de    i  108 

IM1       a  Bpanlab  offlcer  with  Corfe 1 
al'ir-a-r  -1:  2  al'vl-ft-ry.  n.    [•SOtBS,  pi.]    1.  A  bee- 

hive     ;  •■  rnal  car.    [<  L.  ahearlum, 

ivlty.) 
al   w-o-l.ir.  -    or   al-vl'o-lar;  2   fil've-o-lar  or 

ill  of  hollow  I 

I 

,,r . ,  -,,-i  i-r> :. 

il-w-viu",  1  aVl  2  al-ve'o-lus.  n.  [-li.  1  -lal:2-U.  pi] 

A  small  cavity  or  cell,  resembling  a  boneycomb"cel 
socket  for  a  tooth,  an  air-cell  of  the  lui.  al  'w— 

o-Up  pitted:  like  honeycomb.  al'Te-o-lafed 

al'tlm-.  |  '-.in  or  al'voin;  2  al'vln  or  al'vln.  n  Pertain- 
ing ■  ::ng  from  the  abdomen  and  lower  intes- 
tines    [  <  [.   ahnu,  belly.] 

afsrara,  ;  el'vu;  2  al'wi;,  a>ir     L  Perpetually 
.'•   Regularly;  invariably.     I  < 
every  way.  always;  see  all;  way]    al'wayt  [Poet.]. 


\  i        urn.  ]  l.  A  largs 

Lard   i  uoiK 

o    or   \ .  How    BoWl  I,  pi  ml    01 

tin*   .  '  .    •      (i- 

nol. 
.1111.  Of  Bl        !         V 

:illl  1 

v    m  .  ■  ■  indl  'in  the  \r:ir  of  the  world); 

.    .  tin   .    \iinr..      '  • 

OI 

tin  M-iiis  .,i  i. .mi.  i  am  ii"    hero  In  a 

of  .  hl\  all  i  oi  this  title  b)   \  ■  oo  de  I  o 
i  108) 
a 'matt,  I  I'ma  or  im'a,  n    [Anglo«Ind.]     \ 

frmali  poclallj  our  who  attends  to  children;  in 

India,  a  wet  i  'nil  I  • 

\-iu  ii  iiion,  i  a  iui'iiioti  of  ,.  mol'mon;  :.'  .-i  m&'mOn  nr  n- 
inrinoii.  n.    One  ol  the  ohlel  devlla      ft-ma'monti   x- 
iii.i>  mini:. 
a-maln'.  1  s-mfin';  2  a-mftn'.  adi     Vehemently ;  forcibly ; 

without  delay.    [<  a-1  I  main',  a.] 
\nra-irk.  i  am's  lek;  8  am'a-lec,  «.     Bib,    I.  Qrand  on  of 
txxvl,  i  -'     '.'•    \  pi  ople  outh  of  thi   Di 
enemies  of  Israel.  Un'a-IechJ.     \m";i- 

lek'Ite, 
a-mal 'iraiu.  l  b  m  il'gsi  .   2  :'  m&l'gam,  n      \n  alloy  or 
union  of  mercury  with  another  metal;  a  mixturi 
bination.     [<  OP.  amalgams;  op.  <!r    malagma,  soft 
material  1 
a-mal 'ga-mate,    1    B-mal'go-m6t;   2   a-mal'ga-rri 
(-\i  M  L  f.    To  unite  (a  metal)  in  an 

alloy  with   mercury;  form  an  amalgam   with;   unite; 
Sine.    II.  i.    To  lorin  an  amalgam;  mix. 

bob  tax;  tmrra.    a-mal "ga- ma 'tlon,  n.     The 
forming  of  an  Amalgam;  minium:  of  races  or  elements;  a 
substance  formed bj  mixture     a-mal 'na-ma"(lv(e»,  a. 
\in"a-ni  ii,  i  om's-nai'ta;  :.'  am*a-nlMa,  n.     a  genus  ol 

iiik'hi\   i nous  fungi  of  the  agaric   famll]      |      Gr.  am- 

anilai,  a  Bpeclee  of  fungus.] 
am'a-nousi   I  nus,  o.     Without  hands. 

[<  a-  ',  not,        i     .":".",„  .  hand.] 
a-man"ii-cn'sls,  l  B-man'yu-en'sis;  2  a-m&n'yu-^n'sis, 
n.    [-BEs'.pl.]    0m  who  copies  manuscript  or  takea  dic- 
tation.   [L.,  <  a  (06),  from,    |    wonti  ,  hand.] 
am 'a-ranih.  1  Bm's-ranfh;  2  Sm'a-ranth,  n.    Any  one  of 
various  allied  plants  with  Bowers  thai  donol  readily  fade 
when  gathered;  also,  an  imaginary  never*fadinn  flower. 
[<  nr.'-  n-  prlv.  +  maratnO,  wither.]    am"a-ran'thJn(es, 
a.     1.  Pertaining  to.   like,  or  containing  amaranth;  un- 
fadlng;  Immortal.     2.  Of  purplish  hue. 
Aur'a-rji'Iis',  l  am's-ril'is;  2  am'a-ryl'is,  n.    Bot.    1.  A 
genu  African  bulbous  plants,  frequent  in  cul- 

tivation,    'i.  |a-]  Any  bulbous  plant  of  this  genus,     [  < 
L.  .i  naryttts,  -    <  .r.  Amaryllis,  see  Aiiabtuub*,  ■   amaryasO, 
le.l  [girl  or  shepherdess. 

Am"a-r>l'lis-,  n.    In  various  past  oral  Latin  poems,  a  country 
Am'a-sa,  I  am's-ss:  2  sm'a-ea,  n.    Bib,    Captain  of  the  host 

of  Absalom:  slain  by  Joab.    £  Sam.  xx,  4. 
■•mass's  1  »-mus';  2  a-m:is',  it.    To  heap  up;  accumu- 
late.    I  <  F.  a,  to,  +  masser,  <  masse,  mass.] 

Hvn.:  accumulate,  aggregate,  collect,  gather,  heap  up. 
hoard,  hoard  up,  pile  up,  store  up.  To  amass  is  to  bring 
together  materials  that  make  a  mass,  a  great  bulk  or  quan 
tity.  accumulate  being  commonly  applied  to  the  more  grad' 
uai.  amat  to  the  more  rapid  gathering  of  money  or  mater! 
ala.    We  say  interest  Is  accumulated  (oi  rathe) 

than  i  i  fortunes       be  rapid!    i ed  by  shrewi 

ttlons.    Goods  may  be  itored  up  for  safe  keeping  <it 

le,  for  a  longer  or  shorter  time;  but  to  hoard  Is  al 

v.  it  ii  a  view  of  permanent  retent  Ion,  generally  self!  b 

Aggregate  Is   now  most  commonly  used  of  numbers  ant 

■'ii    i    pen  es  will   ungrniaic  a  round   million 

Compare  iqobboate,  n.     Ant.:  disperse,  dissipate,  divide 

parcel,  portion,  scatter,  spend,  squander,  waste. 

— a-mass 'a-hi  ei-,  n.    a-mass'er,  n.    a-mass'ment, 
n.    An  accumulation;  heap. 
am"a-tcur\  1  am'e-toy;  2  am'a-tur'.    ha.    Pertaining 
to,  like,  or  done  by  an  amateur.     II.  n.    One  who  prac- 
tonally,  but  for  the 
amator,  lover,  <  amo,  love  ] 
Syn.:  connoisseur,  critic,  dilettante,  novice,  tyro.    Ety- 
|g  one  who  loves,  the  connoisseur 
one  who  i.  r.  to  some  extent  that 

in  regard  to  which  be  may  not  tie  well  informed;  the  con- 
i  informed  In  regard  to  t  hat  which  he  may  not 
practise  at  all.    a  novia  or  tyro  may  be  b  proft  HonaU  an 
■   tr  never  Is;  I  he  a  mah  ur  ma  •■  be  skilled  .and  experienced 
as  the  novia  or  t>irn  never  I      Dili  Uanti  .which  had  orlKlnally 
,  baa  come  to  denote  one  who  Is  super- 
ficial, pretentious,  and  affected,  whether  in  theory  or  prac- 
tise.—am"a-teur'lsh,  a.     Feeble;  crude;   faulty,  as  art^ 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablu    aisle;    au  =  owt;    oil;    Iu  =  ffMd;    cfhin;    go;    i}  =  amg;   <hin,   this.  altho 

33        2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    bOrn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.        ambush 


work.— am"a-teur'Ish-ly,  ado.— am"a-teur'ish-ness,  n. 
— am"a-teurMsm,  n. 

A-ma'ti,  1  a-ma'tl;  2  a-ma'ti,  n.  1.  A  family  of  Italian  vio- 
lin=makers  at  Cremona.  Italy,  in  the  16th  and  17th  centu- 
ries; especially,  Niccolo  (1596-1684).  2.  A  violin  made  by 
one  of  this  family. 

am'a-tiv(ea,  1  am'a-tiv;  2  am'a-tiv,  a.  Pertaining  to 
sexual  love;  amorous.  [  <  L.  amatus,  pp.  of  amo,  love] 
— am'a-tiv  (e-nesss,  re. 

am'a-to-ry,  1  am'a-to-n;  2  am'a-to-ry,  a.  Characterized 
by  or  designed  to  excite  love;  expressing  or  given  to 
sexual  love;  erotic,  as  a  poem.  [  <  L.  amator;  see  ama- 
teur.]   am"a-to'ri-alt. 

am"au-ro'sis,  1  am"e-r6'sis;  2  am"a-ro'sis,  re.  Total  or  par- 
tial loss  of  sight  without  apparent  organic  defect.  [  <  Gr. 
amaurosis,  <  arnauros,  dark.) — ani"au-ro'tic,  a. 

a-maze',  1  a-mez';  2  a-maz',  vt.  [a-mazed';  a-maz'ing.] 
To  confound  or  bewilder;  astonish  greatly:  with  at,  or, 
less  frequently,  by  or  with.  [  <  a-2  +  maze.] — a-maz '- 
ed-ly,  adv. — a-maz  'ed-ncss,  re. 

;  -maze'ment,  1  a-mez'ment  or  -mant;  2  a-maz'ment,  n. 
Wonder;  surprize;  astonishment,  a-maze'J.  [Archaic  or 
Poet.]. 

Syn.:  admiration,  astonishment,  awe,  bewilderment,  con- 
fusion, consternation,  perplexity,  surprize,  wonder.  Amaze- 
ment and  astonishment-  both  express  the  momentary  over- 
whelming of  the  mind  by  that  which  is  beyond  expectation. 
Awe  is  the  yielding  of  the  mind  to  something  supremely 
grand  in  character  or  formidable  in  power,  and  ranges  from 
apprehension  or  dread  to  reverent  worship.  Surprize  lies 
midway  between  astonishment  and  amazement,  and  usually 
respects  slighter  matters.  Consternation  adds  terror  to 
astonishment  or  amazement.  Wonder  is  often  pleasing,  and 
may  be  continuous  in  view  of  that  which  surpasses  our  com- 
prehension; as,  the  magnitude,  order,  and  beauty  of  the 
heavens  fill  us  with  increasing  wonder.  Compare  perplex- 
ity.— Ant.:  anticipation,  calmness,  composure,  coolness, 
expectation,  indifference,  preparation,  self=possession,  stead- 
iness, stoicism. — Prep.:  at. 

— a-maz'ing,  pa.  Causing  amazement;  astonishing; 
wonderful.    Syn.:  see  extraordinary. — a-maz 'ing-ly,  adv. 

Am'a-zon1,  1  am'a-zen;  2  am'a-zon,  n.  One  of  a  myth- 
ical race  of  female  warriors;  any  female  warrior;  a  vi- 
rago. [<  Gr.L  Amazon.]— Am"a-zo'ui-an.  I.  a.  1. 
Pertaining  to  the  Amazons;  warlike;  masculine;  bold.  2. 
Pertaining  to  the  Amazon  river.     II.  n.    An  Amazon. 

Am'a-zon2,  re.  A  river  in  Brazil;  largest  in  world;  3,500  in. 
from  the  Andes  to  the  Atlantic. 

Ami).,  abbr.     Ambassador. 

am'bage,  1  am'bij;  2  arn'bag,  re.  1.  A  winding  or  circuitous 
path;  indirect  method  of  proceeding.  2t.  Ambiguity.  3f. 
Secret  methods.  KIj.of+me  ambages,  <  ambi-,  around,  + 
ago,  drive.) — am-ba'gious,  a. 

am-bas'sa-dor,  1  am-bas'a-dor;  2  iim-bas'a-dor,  n.  A 
diplomatic  agent  of  highest  rank;  minister  plenipoten- 
tiary; any  official  messenger  or  agent.  [<  F.  ambassa- 
deur,  <  L.  ambaetus,  servant.]    em-bas'sa-dorl. 

Syn.:  see  herald. — am-bas"sa-do'ri-al,  a. — am-bas'- 
sa-drcss,  re.  1.  A  female  ambassador.  2.  The  wife  of  an  am- 
bassador. 

am'ber,  1  am'bar;  2  am'ber.  I.  vt.  To  incase  in  amber; 
give  an  amber  color  to.  II.  a.  Pertaining  to,  like,  or 
of  the  color  of  amber.  III.  re.  A  yellowish  fossilized 
vegetable  resin,  hard,  brittle,  and  translucent,  used  in 
pharmacy  and  the  arts,  and  easily  electrified  by  friction. 
[  <  Ar.p  'anbar,  ambergris.] 

am'ber-gris,  1  am'bar-gris;  2  am'ber-gris,  n.  A  waxy 
substance  from  the  sperm=whale  used  largely  in  per- 
fumery. [<  F.  aml>re  grin,  gray  amber.]  ani'bl'r- 
greaset- 

am"bi-dex'ter,  1  am"bi-deks'tar;  2  am"bi-d6ks'ter.  I.  a. 
Ambidextrous.  II.  n.  1.  One  who  uses  both  hands 
equally  well.  2.  A  double«dealer;  hypocrite.  [<  L. 
ambi-,  on  both  sides,  +  dexter,  right  hand.] — am"bl-dcx- 
ter'I-ty,  n.  1.  The  state  or  quality  <>f  being  ambidextrous. 
2.  Duplicity;  trickery.— am"bi-dex'trous,  a.  Able  to  use 
both  hands  equally  well;  very  dexterous  or  skilful;  dis- 
sembling; dnuhlodcallng. 

am'bi-ent,  1  am'bi-ent;  2  am'bi-ent.  I.  a.  Going  or 
moving  around;  enclosing;  encompassing.  II.  n.  Any- 
thing that  encompasses.  [<  L.  ambi-, around,  -f-eo,  go.] 

am-hig'u-otis,  l  am-big'yu-UB;  2  am-blg'yu-us,  a.  ( Capa- 
ble of  being  understood  in  more  senses  than  uric;   hav- 
ing a  double  meaning;  equivocal;  uncertain.     [<   L. 
ambi-,  around,  4-  ago,  drive.]  Syn.:  see  EQUIVOCAL;  OBSCURE, 
— am"bl-KU'l-ty,   n.      [-tii;s/-,    pt.\      1.   The   quality   of 

being  ambiguous;  doubt  fulness.    :;.  An  equivocal  e    i>'        

am-blK'u-ous-nosst.  —  am-blg'u-ous-ly,  adv. 

ani'hit,  1  am'bit;  2  am'bit,  n.  That,  which  bounds;  a 
boundary;  also,  sphere  or  scope;  circumference.  [<  Ij. 
ambitus,  <  ambio;  see  ambient.] 


am-bi'tion,  1  am-bisTi'an;  2  am-bish'on,  re.  1.  Eager  or 
inordinate  desire  of  power  or  distinction  for  its  own 
sake.  2.  Worthy  eagerness  to  achieve  something  great 
and  good.  3.  An  object  of  ambitious  effort.  [  <  L. 
ambitioin-),  <  ambio,  go  about  (i.  e.,  to  solicit  votes).] 

Syn.:  aspiration,  competition,  emulation,  opposition, 
rivalry.  Aspiration  is  the  desire  for  excellence,  pure  and 
simple.  Ambition,  literally  a  going  around  to  solicit  votes, 
has  primary  reference  to  the  award  or  approval  of  others, 
and  is  the  eager  desire  of  power,  fame,  or  something  deemed 
great  and  eminent.  There  is,  however,  a  noble  and  wise  or 
an  ignoble,  selfish,  and  harmful  ambition.  Emulation  is  not 
so  much  to  win  any  excellence  or  success  for  itself  as  to  equal 
or  surpass  other  persons.  There  is  such  a  thing  as  a  noble 
emulation,  but  at  the  highest,  emulation  is  inferior  as  a  mo- 
tive to  aspiration,  which  seeks  the  high  quality  or  charac- 
ter for  its  own  sake,  not  with  reference  to  another.  Compare 
emulation. — Ant.:  carelessness,  contentment,  humility.  In- 
difference, satisfaction. — am- hi 't ion-less,  a. 

am-bi'tious,  1  am-bisVus;  2  am-bish'Qs,  a.  1.  Actuated 
or  characterized  by  ambition;  aspiring;  alert;  energetic: 
used  with  of,  formerly  with  for  or  after.  2.  Pretentious; 
showy,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

am'bl(ep,  1  am'bl;  2  am'bl.  I.  vi.  [am'bl(e)dp;  am'- 
bling.]  To  move  with  an  easy,  careless  pace  or  with  a 
swaying  motion.  II.  n.  An  easy  gait  of  a  quadruped, 
in  which  both  legs  on  one  side  move  at  once.  [  <  L.F 
ambulo,  walk.] — am'bler,  re.  One  that  ambles,  especially 
an  ambling  horse. — am'bllng,  pa. — am'bllng-ly,  adv. 

am"bly-o'pi-a,  1  am"bli-6'pi-a;  2  am"bly-o'pi-a,  n. 
Pathol.  Dimness  of  vision,  without  discoverable  change 
in  the  eye.  [<  Gr.  amblys,  blunt,  +  ops,  eye.]  am.'- 
bly-o-pyt-— am"biy-op'ic,  a. 

Am"boisc',  1  an"bwuz';  2  an'bwiig',  re.  1.  George  d'  (1460- 
1510),  a  French  cardinal  and  statesman.  2.  A  town  in  N. 
central  France  (pop.  4,600) ;  ancient  residence  of  the  Valois 
kings. 

Am'brose,  1  am'broz;  2  am'br5g,  Saint  (3407-397).  Bishop 
of  Milan;  one  of  the  four  great  Latin  Fathers. 

am-bro'si-a,  1  am-br6'3i-a;  2  am-bro'zhi-a,  re.  The 
fabled  food  of  the  gods,  giving  immortality ;  hence,  any 
delicious  food.  [  <  Gr.  ambrosia,  <  a-  priv.  +  mbrotos, 
for  morlos,  mortal.] — am-bro'slal,  a.  Of  or  like  ambrosia; 
fragrant:  delicious;  heavenly,    am-bro'siant- 

am'bry,  lam'bri;  2am'bry,  re.  [-bries*,  pi.}  1.  A  depository 
for  goods,  food,  or  money;  pantry;  cupboard;  closet.  2. 
Eccl.  A  closet  near  the  altar  for  the  sacred  vessels.  3.  A 
library.  4.  Improperly,  an  almonry.  [<  L.»"  armarium, 
place  for  arms,  <  arma,  arms.]    am'ber-yf. 

ambs'sace"|[,  1  ams'«es"  or  emz'»es";  2  ams>iie*  or  ams/*ae", 
re.  That  which  is  next  to  nothing;  worth lessness;  originally, 
both  aces,  the  lowest  throw  at  dice;  bad  luck;  misfortune. 
[<  OF.  ambesas,  <  L.  ambo,  both,  +  ace.]    ambes'=as"t. 

am'bu-lance,  1  am'biu-lans;  2  am'bO-lnne,  n.  A  cov- 
ered wagon  f<  >r 
conveying  the  sick 
and  wounded,  as 
to  a  hospital.  [< 
L.F  ambulo,  walk 
about.] 

am'bu-laiit,  1  am'- 
biu-lant;  2  am'- 
bu-lant,  a.  Walk- 
ing or  moving 
about  from  place 
to  place;  shifting. 
—  am"  bu  -  la'- 
tion,  n. — am'ltu- 
la-tiv(es,  a. 

am'bu-la-to-ry,  1 
am'biu-la-to-n;  2 
am'bu-la-to-ry.  I. 
a.  1.  Pertaining 
to  a  walker  or 
walking.  'I.  Shift-  Ambulance, 

ing;     not,  fixed    or  (Interior  yUw.) 

stationary.    3.  Law,  Alterable,    4.  Pathol.  Shifting  or 
successively  applied  to  different  parts  of  the  body.    II. 

re.      [-RIBS2,   pf.l      A    place,  as  a.  corridor,   lor  walking. 

am"bus-caae',  1  am/rbus-ked';  2  am'bus-ead',  v,  [-cad'- 
BDd;  -cad'ing.]  I.'.  To  attack  from  an  ambush.  II.  i. 
To  He  in  ambush  or  go  into  ambush, 

am"liiis-<-adc',  u.  The  act  of  hiding,  or  the  state  of  be- 
ing hidden,  to  surprize  adversaries;  also,  the  place  of 
hiding  or  persons  hidden;  an  ambush.    [ <  LL!"+F  im- 

bosco;  see  AMiiiisn.  j>. ]     am"lius-(  a'doj. 

am 'bush,  1  am'busrt;  2  am'bush.  I'.  vt.  1.  To  hide,  in 
order  to  attack  unexpectedly,    '!.  To  attack  from  an 

ambush;  waylay.     II.  n.     The  lying  concealed,  to  sur- 
prize or  attack  un  enemy;  also,  the  hiding«place  or  the 


imrl'.i  I 

.tin  |>li  1 1  In    <  I  ■   r 


fat    II 

,  .  .       . 


:  hit,  1      '        0         *o:  imt.  flr;  full.  rQl.-:  I.ui,  born; 

,.  ii  I  I  -  t\  gO,  tiftl,  Or,  won. .'14 


»m  bu>b-rui 

<■•...•.■>•::«  "'  I  -■'«■•"  «"•  ••    *'■ '•  tn>>\  ttMi  l»>    nnsi-MIki    . 
ii. r   Im  a-ui.  -in.. 

I . 


i-uu    ll..-r.il. 


ulr 

I 


'  I. 

-in.     Ih-r.i    II. .n. 
■-mr'llo-ra-Oi    . 

. 

a    im  ii    . 

it,     [  ^  Beb 

.i-iii.    ii  i-iii  .    .  L  Liable 

authority,    "J.  Sub- 

■ 
•  -•ii-   n.i-hiri-i> .  u 

m  II     ■  !-'■!   ■  -"•  W  HBI     n.i-hl>  . 

••im  a. I  I.  •     1.  To  chance 

"'.  To  change  or  alter  by 

ll.  r  in  conduct.    ( < 

• 

Srn_~  advance,  amellora'  -  emend, 

mend.  mitigate,  purify,  re- 

changi  fur  tin' 

■  Ither  iii  what 

' 

'Idental 

<-..:..;.■.   Hot  >  \ :;  '.r  i-rr   -    we  amtUurati  poverty  and  misery, 

.  r,  pair 
mend  character  or  conduct  that 

Ant.:  an  mtah,  cor- 


whict. 

a  building,  con 

Is  fault:. 

iLuvurt    i 


'abase,  depress,  deteriorate,  harm.  Impair,  Injure,  mar 

i-iin  in)  a-hl  v.  ■:     -nr",  -,  — a-mend'a-to-ry,  a. 
a-itu  ml  'it,  n. 
»"m.  nde',  1  a'mand'  or  »-mend':  2  a'mand'  or  a-mend',  n. 

A  rrp.»-  i.    [F.] 

a-mend 'merit,  I  I  "r-mant;  2  a-mend'ment, 

1 .  1.  The  changing,  as  of  a 

also,  any  change  made  or 

proposed  to  be  made  therein. 

a-nn  tut- '.   [  o  B       nation, 

aattefaetioQ.  or  compensation.    Syn_-  see  rf.compense. 
a-niiii  i-i\.  -ty,  «.     [-tie*1,  ;-/ ] 

plural) 

[<    L.    amanus, 

plea.- 

ani  .rit,  1  am'ent;  2  an. 

am"  en  -  ta'ecou-. 
pertaining    to,  or  bearing 
catkins. 
a-mi-rre',  1  a-mur-,';  2  a-merc7, 
wt.   [■ 

- 
mui 

mercl,   at    the   mercy  of 
— a-merre'ment,  n 
\-         r '!-<•»,      1 
a-tDefl-ea.  n. 


A  catkin.     [  <  L.  amen- 


Amenta  of  Alder. 


-  ke:    2 
I     <  .  ntral,    the 
southern  [ 

' 

Rica,  and  Pa  .'    North, 

m  :  pop    lin.OOO.fm     3.  South, 
1. 
■  ;.jlar  patriotic   hymn   written  bj  Lb;  also. 

.  It  Is  sung,  which  Ls  that  of  the  Kngllsh 

A-ni'T  i-<  in.  -:sn;  2   a-m'r'i-c.'in.      I.  L 

-  people  "f  North  i  - 
'-'■ 
■    i 
II.  I.  ■  the  United 

ricsn  contii 
%-iii«  rl-oan-l-m,  n      1.   A  word,  phrase,  usage,  or  trait. 
peculiar  to  ".he  people  of  the  United  .States  or  to  some  of 


tiirin  .■  ur  spirit;    attachment   to 

American  1  n-»t  1 1  n  t 

\     in.  -M    ....    '.  ■  -    I'll.     .  I. 

mi    Italian   oa>  l|  itoi    from 

Whom  the    Mm  rl.  all  ci ml  Incut  derives  It.M  hallie 
-» 1 1 1 ,  - 
.tin'e-tli)  -1,    1    an  I. 

irple  or  \  i.'l.t  coloi  '.'.  A 

purple  \  i  I.  t  eoli  •    ■!-  prh 

mi   .  -i  h>  -  tin  .    .  .      i  if  the  color  of  an 
amethyst:  violet;  purple. 
\ni-i.ir'f»s,  1  Hin-f.'.r  in  Wagner's  Pont- 

Olj   <  SralL     See  1'MIKII  u 

tin  in  r-t.  I.  Lord,  Jeffrey  (1717- 

i7ir  .   an   i  ngUab  general;   Qovernor  of  Virginia,    17.3. 
commanded  iiritLsh  army,       >9   17M     '-'-    \  town  in  w. 

Ol  Amherst  <  'ollege ,  founded 

l   llll-.l-li!  c  ,  1  e'mi-.-bl;  2  a'mi-a-bl.  a.      PlftBlrfflg  it>  fHe- 
n:  kinil-hearteil;  friendly.     [!•'.,   <  L.  amicabilii; 

Bnu  agreeable,  attractive,  benignant,  oharmlng,  engag- 
ing, gentle,  goooVnatured,  kind,  lovable,    lovely,    loving, 
at.  pleasing,  sweet,  winning,  winsome,    .i mtahi,  com- 
bines  the  senses  of  UndbU  or  Utvelv  ami  /uri  w;  ami  Mt  la  ■ 

hither   anil   stronger  word   than.  jn„,!-.uil.iriit  or  OQTMabU. 

la  often  applied  ti>  external  .  o  .  a  /»"/!/  fare.    Amt- 

■  notea  a  dl  position  deslroua  to   heir,  pliainn.  and  make 

happj       \  ■   man  "f  the  world  ma]  have  the  art  to  be 

iiaiiil-iiine.   lirllllaiit.  aiil  Witt]    person  may  lie 

10  i.r  even  attractive,  while  by  no  m  a  amidOle. — 
Ant.:  acrlmonioua,  churllah,  en  bl  e  '..  cruel,  rui  f-y.  disauree- 
ahie.  dogged,  i;riifi.  hateful.   uUcondltlonou,   UVhumored, 

lll-natiireil.    Ill-t t-i :ipero<I.   moroso.   soi-.r.   sr.llen.   surly,    un- 
amlable.  unlovely.      a"ml-a-bH'l-ty.  n.     Sweetness  of  (Us- 
ui lovableneaa.   a'ml-a-bl(c-ne.s.sp:.     a'ml-a-bly, 
adv.     Agreeably;  complaisant ly. 

am"l-aii'thus,  1  auri-au'tluis;  2  aiii'i-.'.u  this,  n.  A  fine 
and  silky  variety  of  asbestos;  also,  .  fabric  made  from 
this  mineral.     (<  Cr  i-tained,  <  a-  priv 

-f  mlalnd,  stain]    am"-  I  ':• 

;:m'l-c;i-h!  (•'■,  1  am'l-ke-!  \;  2  Hm'i-  arid,  a.  Showinc 
or  promoting  good  will;  triondly;  peacea' le.  [<  L. 
amicabtlis,   <  amo,  lov  .', 

SiTlj  cordial,  favoral  e.  frl.  ..dly,  hearty,  kind,  neighbor- 
ly, sociable.  The  Saxor.  .  r  than  the  Latin 
amicable;  that  which  .s  am'.a  lile  may  '•>':  merely  formal; 
that  nrnlch  is  friendlv  Is  from  the  heart.  See  ;  kiendly.— 
Ant.:  adverse,  antagonistic,  hostile,  m  friendly. 

— am  'l-ca-hU'l-ty,  ani'l-ra-bKe-ness1",  n.  The  qual- 
ity of  being  amicable.  — am 'l-ca-bly,  adv. 

am'lci'1,    1    atn'is;   2   am'ic,  n.     Ere'.     An  embroidered 
i  line  white  linen  worn  r.bout  the  neck  and 
shoulders.    '<  I  >F.  omit,  <  L.  amictus,  cloak,  <  ambi, 
around,  +  j>'.cl).  .hrow.l 

am  'Ii  e  ,  n.    A  aood  or  hooded  cape  of  gray  fur,  formerly  worn 
rgymea,  monks,  etc.    [<  P.  avmuce; 
iu.'.-».  cap.] 

A-ml'd-.  1  i  -r  n'chls;  SaVrnFonfe,  Zdmondo 
ile  1 1S46-1908).  An  Italian  author  of  hooks 
of  travel. 

am"l-cro'blc,  1  am'i-V.ru'bik;  2  am'l-crO'- 
blc,  a.  Not  produced  by  or  due  to  microbes : 
said  of  a  disease.    ;<  a->«  +  ..k  u> 

a-niid',  1  a-mid';  2  a-mld',  pr.p      In  the 

midst    of;      among    or   mingled    with.  Am|(.r ,  WOrn  aa 
[  <  AS.  on,  in;  middtrn,  midde  \  a  i|00d. 

Syn_-  amidst,  among,  amongst,  between, 

t.  In  the  midst  of.  Amid  or  amidst  denotes  sur- 
rounded by;  among  or  amonast,  mingled  with.  HiIikhi  Is 
said  of  two  persons  or  objects,  or  of  two  groups  of  persons 
or  objects.  Amid  denotes  mere  position;  among,  some 
active  relation,  as  of  companionship,  hostility,  etc.  We 
say  among  (never  amid)  friends,  or  among  (sometimes  nnud) 
enemies,  amidst  the  woods,  amid  the  shadows.  Ant.:  afar 
from,  away  from,  beyond,  far  from,  •  utslde,  without. 

a-iiiid'slll,)' ,  adv.  Naut.  Half«way  between  stem  and 
stern.  [surrounded  by;  amonc.    Syn.:  see  amid. 

g-mldat',  l  B-midst';  2  a-mldst',  pr>v     In  the  o  a 

Am'l-en-,  1    am'l-ensor  (P.)  o'ml'un' :2  am' i-i-ns  or  (/■'. ja'mi"- 

[aeturlng  city  of  S.  Frano  .   pop.  03,000; 

.  defeat.   1S70;  entered  by  Germi 
! .  evacuated  September  11. 1914.     Treaty  of  Amiens 

Holland.  France,  and  Spain.  1802. 
a-ml'go,  1  a-ml'go;  2  a-ml't'O,  n.    [SpJ    A  friend:  comrade. 
a-tni-s',  1  a-nii-';  2  a-mls'.     I.  o.     Out  of  order  or  rela- 
tion; wp  ■■/;  improper.    II.  adv.    Improperly;  errone- 
:       a-1    +  miss1,  ?i.]— to  take  amiss,  to  be 
offended  because  of. 
am'l-ty,  1  am'l-ta:  2  am'i-ty,  n.    Peaceful  relations;  mu- 
tual good  will;  friendship.     [<  L.r  amicus,  friend,   < 
amo,  love.]    Syn_-  see  friendship;  hakmony. 


l:a  =  final;    1  =  habit:    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    0  =  sinff;   Chin,  this.  .,.ame.ha 

352:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. amphitheater 


A  curved  or 


Ammonite. 


a m in.,   abbr.     [L.]     Amalgama    (amalgamation). 
am'me-ter,   1   am'i-tar;   2  am'e-ter,  n.    An  instrument  for 
measuring  the  strength  of  an  electric  current  in  amperes. 

[  <    AM[PERE]    +    METER2.] 

Am'mon1,  1  am'an;  2  am'on,  n.  The  sun-god  of  the  ancient 
Egyptians.     Am'ent. 

Am  'mnn!,  n.  pi.  A  people  descended  from  Ben  Ammi.  the 
son  of  Lot.    Deut.  ii,  19.    Ain'mon-ltesJ. 

am-mo'ni-a,  1  a-mo'ni-a;  2  a-mo'ni-a,  n.  A  colorless 
pungent  suffocating  gas,"  obtained  chiefly  by  the  dry 
distillation  of  nitrogenous  organic  bodies,  as  bones, 
blood,  etc. ;  also  a  solution  of  this  gas  in  water,  known  as 
spirits  of  hartshorn,  aqua  ammonia,  etc. 

am-mo'ni-ac,  1  a-mo'ni-ak;  2  a-mo'ni-ae.  I.  a.  Per- 
taining to  or  like  ammonia.  ani"mo-ni'a-calJ.  II. 
n.  The  resinous  gum  of  a  tree  of  Persia  and  western 
India,  gum  ammoniac}.  [<  Gr.  ammoniakon,  < 
Amnion,  Ammon,   <  Egypt.  Amun.] 

am'mon-ite.  1  am'an-ait:  2  am'on-it,  n 
spiral  fossil  cephalopod  shell.  [  <  L. 
cornu  Ammonis,  horn  of  Ammon;  see 
ammoniac] 

am-mo'ni-um,  1  a-mo'm-um;  2  a-rao'- 
ni-um,  n.  Chem.  A  hypothetical  alka- 
line radical.     Compare  ammonia. 

am"mu-ni'tion,  1  am"yu-nisVan;  2 
am"yu-nish'on,  n.  Any  one  of  various 
articles  used  in  the  discharge  of  fire- 
arms and  ordnance,  as  cartridges,  shells, 
shot,  rockets,  etc. ;  figuratively,  any  resources  for  attack 
or  defense.      [  <   F.  amunition,  eorr.  of  munition   (see 

MUNITION).] 

am-ne'si-a,  1  am-nl'si-a;  2  am-ne'si-a,  n.  Loss  or  impair- 
ment of  memory;  morbid  forgetfulness.  [  <  Gr.  amnesia, 
<  a-  priv.  +  mnaomai,  remember.) 
>am'nes-ty,  1  am'nes-ti;  2  am'nfs-ty.  I.  vt.  [-tied;  -ty- 
'  ing.]  To  pardon.  II.  n.  [-ties2,  pi]  A  general  act  of 
pardon  for  offenses  against  a  government.  [  <  Gr.  o- 
priv.  +  mnaomai,  remember.] 

Am'ni-on,  1  am'ni-en;  2  am'ni-6n,  n.  A  membranous  sac 
enclosing  the  embryo  in  mammals,  birds,  and  reptiles.  [  < 
Gr.  amnion,  <  amnos,  lamb.] — am"ni-on'ic,  a.  am"ni- 
ot'lcj. 

a-mce'ba,  n.    See  ameba. 

a-mong',    )1  a-murj';  2  a-mong',  prep.     1.  In  or  into 

a-mung'p,  \  the  midst  of;  mingled  with.  2.  In  the  class 
or  group  of  or  with.  3.  In  the  country  or  time  of.  4. 
Affecting  all  of;  so  as  to  be  commonly  shared  by;  by  the 
joint  action  of.  [<  AS.  on,  in,  +  mang,  <  (ge)mang, 
crowd.]    a-mongst'J.    Syn.:  see  amid;  between. 

Am'o-rites,  1  am'o-raits;  2  am'o-rits,  n.  pi.  Bib.  One  of  the 
chief  nations  possessing  the  land  of  Canaan  before  its  con- 
quest by  the  Israelites.    Gen.  xv,  16. 

am'o-rous,  1  am'o-rus;  2  am'o-rus,  a.  Influenced  by, 
pertaining  to,  or  exciting  to  love  or  sexual  desire;  ardent 
in  affection;  enamored.  [<  L.LL+F  amo,  love.]  -ly,  adv. 
-ness,  n. 

a-mor'phism,  1  a-mer'fizm;  2  a-mor'fism,  n.  1.  The 
state  or  quality  of  being  amorphous;  especially,  absence 
of  crystalline  structure.    2.  Anarchism. 

a-mor'phous,  )  1  a-mer'fus;  2  a-mor'fus,  a.    1.  Without 

a-mor'fousp,  ^definite  form;  structureless;  formless; 
uncrystallized.  2.  Anomalous;  unorganized.  3.  An- 
archic. [  <  Gr.  a-  priv.  +  morphe,  form.]  -ly,  adv. 
-ness,  n. 

a-mort',  1  a-mert';  2  a-mort',  a.  &  adv.  Without  life  or  ani- 
mation; dejected,  as  if  dead.  [<  F.  d  la  mort;  see  ala- 
mort.] 

a-mor'tize,  1  a-mor'tiz;  2  a-mor'tiz,  vl.  [-tized;  -tiz- 
iNii.]  1.  Law.  To  Bell  and  convey  (land)  to  a  cor- 
poration having  perpetual  succession;  to  alienate  Ln 
mortmain.  2.  To  extinguish  (a  debt)  by  means  of  a 
sinking-fund.  [<  F.  amorlir  (ppr.  amortissant),  <  L. 
ad,  to,  +  mor(t-)s,  death.]  a-mor'tiset. — a-mor'tlz-|nr 
-tls-]a-bl(ei',  a. — a-mor"tl-za'[or  -sa'ltion,  n.  Lair.  1. 
Alienation  in  mortmain.  2.  The  extinction  of  a  debt  through 
a  sinking-fund. — a-mor'tlze-lor  -tlse-lment,  n.  1.  Arch. 
The  finishing  at  the  top  of  any  part.    2.  Amortization. 

i'mos,  1  e'mas;  2  a'mos,  n.  Jfih.  A  minor  prophet  (8th 
century  B.  C.)  or  his  book. 

a-mo'tlon,  1  a-mo'sfhan;  2  a-mo'shon,  n.  [Rare.]  A  removal, 
as  from  office;  deprivation  of  ownership.    [<  L.  amotio'n-).] 

a-mount',  1  a-mount';  2  a-mount'.  I'1,  vi.  To  reach  in 
the  aggregate  or  in  effect;  be  equivalent :  with  to.  II.  n. 
A  sum  total;  aggregate;  result.  [  <  OF.  d-,  to,  -f-  mont, 
mountain.)    Syn.:  see  AGGREGATE. 

a-mour',  1  a  mur';  2  ii-mur',  n.     A  love-affair;  intrigue.    |l'.] 

— am"ou-rette',  n.    A  petty  love-affair. 
A-moy',  1  n-mol':  2  a-mOy',  n.     An  island  and  treaty  port 
(pop.  114,000)  In  S.  E.  China. 


Ampelopsis  (the 
Virginia  Creeper). 


am'pe-11-,  )  1  am'pi-h-,  am'pi-lo-;  2  am'pe-li-,  am'pe-lo-. 

am'pe-lo-,  )  From  Greek  ampelos,  vine:  combining  forms 
used  chiefly  in  names  of  vine-like  plants  and  of  birds 
supposed  to  haunt  vines. — Am"pe-lop'sis,  n.  Bot.  1. 
A  genus  of  plants  of  the  vine  fam- 
ily, including  the  Virginia  creeper, 
with  digitately  5=  or  7=foliolate 
leaves,  and  the  Japanese  variety, 
becoming  quite  common  in  cultiva- 
tion. 2.  [a-]  A  plant  of  this  or  an 
allied  genus.  [+  Gr.  opsis,  ap- 
pearance] 

am-pere",  1  am-plr';  2  am-per'.  n. 
The  practical  unit  of  electric- 
current  strength;  that  given  with 
an  electromotive  force  of  one  volt 
passing  through  a  wire  having  a 
resistance  of  one  ohm.  [  <  Am- 
pere.] —  am-per'age,  n.  The 
strength  of  a  current  in  amperes. 
— am-pere'sme"ter,  n.    Same  as 

AMMETER. 

Am"pere'2,  1  ah"per';  2  ah"per',  Andre  Marie  (1775-1836). 
A  French  physicist  and  pioneer  in  electricity. 

am'per-sand,  1  am'par-sand;  2  am'per-sand,  n.  The 
character  &;  and.  [  <  and  +  L.  per,  by,  +  se,  itself,  -f- 
and.] 

am 'phi-,  1  am'fi-;  2  am'fi-.  A  prefix  used  chiefly  in 
zoology  and  botany,  with  the  general  meaning:  on  both 
or  all  sides;  around;  in  turn.     [  <  Gr.  amphi,  around.] 

Am-phib'i-a,  1  am-fib'i-a;  2  am-fib'i-a,  n.  pi.  A  class 
of  vertebrates  whose  young  have  gills  and  are  fish-like, 
including  frog-like  animals,  salamanders,  and  many  ex- 
tinct forms.  [  <  Gr.  amphibios,  <  amphi,  double,  + 
bios,  life.]— am-phib'1-an,  a.  &  n.~ am-phib'i-ous,  a.  1. 
Living  both  on  land  and  in  water;  suited  to  or  comprising 
land  and  water.  2.  Having  two  lives;  connected  with  two 
ranks,  classes,  etc.    -ly,  adv.   -ness,  n. 

am'phi-bole,  1  am'fi-bol;  2  am'fi-bol,  n.  Mineral.  A 
compound,  chiefly  of  calcium,  magnesium,  and  silica, 
of  a  variety  of  colors;  also,  any  one  of  a  group  of  similar 
minerals,  including  hornblende,  asbestos,  etc. 

am"phl-bol'ic,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  like  amphiboly;  ambigu- 
ous; equivocal.  am"phi-bol'i-calt;  am-phlb'o-lousj: 
[Rare].— ani"phi-bol'o-gy,  n.  [-giesz.pZ.)  Logic.  Anam- 
biguous  sentence  or  proposition;  ambiguity.  [<  amphi-  + 
Gr.  ballo,  throw,  +  logos,  speech.]— am-phib'o-ly,  n. 
[-liesz,  pi.]  An  ambiguous  construction  of  language;  am- 
biguity. [+  Gr.  ballo,  throw.]— am'phi-brach,  n.  Pros. 
A  trisyllabic  foot,  consisting  of  a  long  or  accented  syllable 
between  two  short  or  unaccented  ones.  [+  Gr.  brachys, 
short.] — am"phi-ear'pous,  a.  Bot.  Having  fruit  of  two 
kinds,  either  in  form  or  in  period  of  ripening.  [+  Gr.  kar- 
pos,  fruit.)     am"phl-car'pict. 

am-phic'ty-on,  1  am-fik'ti-on;  2  am-fic'ty-on,  n.  1.  A 
delegate  to  one  of  the  ancient  Greek  amphictyonic 
councils.  2.  pi.  The  council  as  a  body.  [  <  Gr.  amphik- 
tyones,  neighbors,  <  amphi,  around,  +  ktizo,  people.l 

am-phic"ty-on'ic,  1  am-fik"ti-en'ik;  2  am-fic"ty-on'ic, 
a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  league  of  ancient  Greek  peoples 
for  common  interests  (called  an  amphictyony),  as 
that  whose  council  met  semi-annually  at  Delphi  and 
Thermopylae. 

anY'phi-ge'an,  a.  Extending  around  the  globe  In  nearly 
the  same  latitude:  specifically  said  of  genera  or  species  of 
plants.    [<  amphi-  +  Gr.  gB,  earth.) 

Ani-phi'on,  1  am-fai'an;  2  am-fi'on,  n.  Gr.  Myth.  A  son  of 
Jupiter,  who  moved  stones  by  the  music  of  his  lyre. 

am"p!ii-ox'us,  n.  Ich.  A  small  llsh-like  vertebrate  having 
a  body  tapering  at  both  ends;  the  lani'elct..  It  burrows  In 
sand.  [<  AMPHI-  +  Gr.  0X1/8,  sharp. I  Ain-phlp'o-ila,  n. 
pi.     Crust.     An  order  of  crustaceans  having   usually  seven 

pairs  of  legs,  Including  the  sand-fleas,  etc.     [  i    (ir.   pous 
(l>otl-),  fool  I     am 'pill-pod,  a.  &  n.     am-pbip'o-dal,  a. 
— ain-phip'o-dan,  u.     am'plil-pode,  u.  &  n.     am"plil- 
pod'l-form,  a.     Resembling  an  amphipod  or  Band  Qca 
am-phlp'o-dotis,  a. 

am"phis-bic'na,  1  am"fis-bi'na;  2  am*ffe-be'na,  n.  1. 
Myth.  A  fabulous  serpent  having  a  head  al  each  end  ol 
(lie  body  and  moving  in  either  direction,  2.  A  snake- 
like lizard,  having  head  and  tail  much  alike.  [  L.,  <  Gr. 
amphisbaina,   <  ampins,  at  both  ends,  +  balnii.  go.) 

am-plils 'clans,  1  am-flsh'anz;  2  am-flsh'ans,  n.  pi.  Gcog. 
The  Inhabitants  Of  the  torrid  zone,  whose  shadows  fall  at 
one  season  to  the  north,  at  the  other  to  the  south.  [< 
amphi-  +  Gr.  skla,  shadow]    am-phls'cl-lj. 

am"phl-Ui«>'a-tcr, )  1  amTi-fhl's-ter;  2  am'fi-thS'a-ter, 

um"phl-(he'a-(re,  i  n.    I.  An  edifice  of  elliptical  shape, 

constructed  about  a  central  open  space  or  arena,  with 
tiers  of  seats  sloping  upward  and  back  w  a  id  :  devoted 
to  combats   of   gladiators   ami   wild   beasts.     2.    Any 


\iii|.Mirli. 

mi  r»lor  • 


i         i  ..     i.    >".     full,  rttle;  !>»»<.  bttrai 

,     ,  ii        i  i  ..     ..  ,  in,  w«4n,    !Ml 


.m    |.iii-i!i.  -a I   rl-.  .1. 

Illl      |illl- 

llii     phK  » ■■>     !•!•*-€  1 1 

r  aI-  I » 

v 

\iii-i>iui  ry-ou, 
mi  phw-r  t 


bo-ral, 
am-pbor  i> . 


Amphora. 


.mi  i'ii 

-phoi 
l 

am   |'l   •    .  I 

-•• 

; 

tlant ; 

Syr.  mtlful.   ••■■mi   ■ 

TOO  '.. 

it  is  am- 

■ 

■■■  bleb  Is 

■ 

tii  ut  baste,  but 

aa»<    -  llmo,  we  may  move 

if  we  have  abundant 

e  wtth  :i  frirnii.  to  view  the 

i  lompare  knot  oh;  i. \u<.t ; 

\  I    deficient.  Inadequate,  insufficient,  nar- 

im  pi  e-ness  . 

im  plet    i.ini.  2 im-plSe  tant, o.    Twin- 

■  ibracing     (  <  L.  atnpl*   I 

.        .  •  A  IMP. | 

am-plrv  i-i-aiil.   1   am-plekaVkol;    2  fcm-ple'ks'i 


am  'ph-.i-tn 


[<    L.   am; 

I'pb-fi-fav;     2 

nting,  or 


am  ' | •  1  i — f  > .  I  pli-fy,  c. 

I.  To  enlarge 


imports-  :.t;     .  „„,„.,„„„,  T  «»« 

...  Amplexlcaul  Leaf 


of  Elecampane. 
...  r.  [  <  F. 

-  I.  ,  faeiO,  make] 

ind,  expatiate, 

• 

■Mnkaoded,  ete 

into  word  and  m< 
derogatory  mean] 


Ampltfu  Is  now  chiefly 
or  writing,  signifying  to  make  fuller  In 
w  1th  or  m  lthout  Milling  matter  of  Impor- 
fuily  whal  was  before  only  Implied,  or 
•h.-  meaning  more  readily 
demand  tor  concentration 
ire  tin- 
expatiate.  We 
.  Illustration,  extend  a  dls- 
■  theme  or  Inci- 
infold  a  scheme,  uidtn  the  rani;e  of 
:iare    add. — Ant.:    abbreviate,    abridge, 
amputate.  "  Ik>11  >:  ill.  cut  down,  epito- 

muv-  im  up— Prep.:   To 

amp   '  -      am"pll-fi-ea'- 

tlon.  tatlon:  addition.     S 

.mi  pll-tl-r.i'th   i-  .  am'pll-tt-ca"t«r,  n. 

am   |ill-ti-<  rt.-r> .  am'pll-fl"cr,  n, 

am  'pll-tude.  n       1.   The 

:■•■;  ful- 
.'.  horizon  from 

amplue,  large.] 
aiu'fil).  L  .       'ply,  nds.    In  an  ample  manner; 

am  pii-tiic,   :  ■      [-tat"p:iW; 

>>;  cut  off  the 

'    .  trim, 

w  |     am"pu-t  i  Hon.  am  'pu-la"tor,  v. 

Am-rlt '-ar.  .      •   .-;••-..-.  ■_>  lim-rlt'sar,  n.    A  city  In  Punjab, 

Am  Mf-r-dam,  1  un'stsr-dam;  2  Sm'ster-dam,  n.    A  seaport 
"orlandfl:  pop.  581.000. 
'■'.    Amount. 


.i-iii  in  u  '.  l  i.  urn  I,'   :.'  ii  milk',  iiii  i      in  ;i  violent  or  fri 

manner   uaualtj  in  Uie  phi       to  run  amurk, in  aboul 

■  gaging 
furlouiil)  In  bat tl<  !    n-mork '; ;  a-inoW ': . 

\  inn  it  iri-a.  |  a*i  rivet  In 

iin'n-lrl,   1  \     i 

» .'i  n  :  hcralt,  aci  idont .  oi  ill  luck  .  :i 

i    amuUtum,  ehi  i  do  talisman 

*  in iimi--. -n.  i  o'mo  ii-  ild 

i  explorer:  discovered  the  South  Pole,  Decern 

■     1011 

i-miir'.  i  .1  miir'. :.' .i  miir'.  n.     I  river  In  N  i    Ula;  3,700  m 

a-muae',  l   •  mius';2  ■  mQs',  M     |  \  mi  -in',  \  mi  --'im.  I 

i  inglj  :  divei  i ;  enb  t  tain     '!■  To  oxciti 

to  hum       :t  .  [*o  beguile;  delude     |-    I-    omu*«r1<d, 

'  I] 

beguile,  chirr,  disport,  divert,  enliven,  entertain, 
k-r:itif\.  Interest,  occupy,  please,  recreate      We  beouiU  s 
hour,  titter  the  despondent,  divert  the  preoccupied, 
a  dull  evening  or  compan]  i  wishes  or  our 

friends,  entertain.  In  i  listening  audience,  occupy 

idle  tii  ourselves  when  merry,  amitfi  ourselves  or 

others  with  any  light  and  pleasing  occupation;  we  are  amuttd 
at  that  which  excites  us  to  smiles  or  Laughter,  Ant.:  annoy, 
bore,  disquiet,  distract,  disturb,  tin-,  weary.     Prep  :  amused 

ill  his  antlOS;  amuse  the  children  With  stories;  I  was  amused 

i>v  his  account;  some  amuse  themselves  bi  folly.     Usage 

.  •  upon  at  and  Wtth. 
a-mus'a-bl  e',,;      a-iiiii-e'ment, ;/     Diversion;  rec- 
reation:   an   entertainment,    game,   or   spectacle       S.vil.:   see 

comfort;  t-MmiAisMisr.  ntouc;  spori  a-mus'er,  n. 
—  a-miis'lug,   pa,     -I),  ncir.     a-mu'-h  [as,  a.     Saving 

power  I"  amuse,  annual ng 

;i-in>  g 'da-la,  l  B-mig/da-la; 2 a-mj>gvda-la, n.  \-i.x,  l-ll; 
2  -le.  /'/ 1  Anal.  An  almond  or  any  almond'snaped  for- 
mation.  as  (1)  a  tonsil,  (2)  a  small  lobe  projecting  from 
the  under  nde  of  the  cerebellum,  or  (3j  a  collection  "i 
>;ray  matter  al  the  lower  portion  of  the  temporal  lobeoi 
irain.     (I...  •    '  dab  .  almond  ]    a-myg  - 

dalt. — a-myK "da-la 'ceo us, ./  Bot  Allied  to  the  almond 
— a-m>it Ma-late,  <i.  Pertaining  to  or  like  almonds  a- 
myg'da-llnei  a.  Pertaining  to  or  like  a  in  huh  is,  the  tonsils 
■t  .1  e  ol  the  brain,  a-myg'da-lold.  I.  a.  I. 
Almond    baped.    '!■  Of  or  like  the  rock  amygdaloid.    J.  Per 

tainltik'  to  the  amygdala  or  tonsils.     II.  n.     An  IgnOOUS  rock. 

.  basaltic  containing  almond<enaped  cavities,  which 

are  often  tilled  With  foreign  minerals,  jus  quart/.,  etc 

am'yl,  1  am'il;2  an/yl,  n.    ('><>  m.  A  hypothetical  alcohol 

radical.    (<   Gr.  amylon,  starch,  4-   hyli,   matter.) — 

a  I  ■  i  >  1  alcohol,  an  oily  eoIorleSB  ll<|tild  formed  In  the  fer- 
mentation of  starchy  matters.      It   is  the  chief  constituent 

of  fusel  oil      am">-la'ccotis,  a.    Pertaining   to  or   like 

starchy,     am'y-lene,  n.    A  colorless  volatile  liquid, 

ted  by  distilling  amy!  alcohol  with  sine  chlorld;  an 

anesthetic,     a-niyl'lc.  a.  Chem.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  derived 

from  amyi.    'i.   Producing  amy]  alcohol.— am 'y-lold,  a. 
am"y-lolMalt. 
an,  1  an;  2  an,  indef.  art.  or  adjective.    One,  or  any:  used 

for  the  article  a  before  words  beginning  with  a  vowel 

sound.    [  <  AS.  "»,  one.) 
an,  curij.     [Archaic  or   Dial.)     And,  especially   In  the  sense 

and  If:  often  written  an'.    Bee  and.    I      and.] 
.in-.       (i,  with  values  as.  follows:  an-1,  against;  as,  nnswer 

[<  AS.  and:  see  a-4];  an--',  on,  In;  as,  onon  I  ■     A.S  nn;  sec 

a-1);  an-1,  In:  as,  anoint  |<  I..  in\:  an-4,  to;  a.s.  annul  [<  L. 

ad]:  an-',  on  both  sides;  its.  ancillary  [<  L.  nn-,  lor  ambi-, 

around];  an-«,  up,  hack;  as.  anode  [<  <:r.  ana;  see  ana-]; 

an-;,  not ,  a  <  ;r.  an-,  see  A-14). 

-an,  tufflx  (often  with  euphonic  -f-i.    Pertaining  to:  used  In 
or  adjectives  denoting  country,  origin,  race,  etc.;  as, 

Italian,  amphibian,  Algonklan,  Lutheran.     [<    L.  -anus, 

-ana,  -anum,  an  adj.  termination.) 
\.   \  .  ■  -Vir.      Annlo-N'orinan.     an.,  OOOT,     Anno  (L.,  In  the 

year,;   anonymous;   answer 
ana-,      reflZ       Up;   hack;  again;  anew;  sometimes  capable  of 

being  rendered  re-;  as,  anabaptlsm,  niiapUsm.   [<  Gr.  ana- 
-ana.         -    often  with  euphonic  -/-).     Pertaining  to:  con- 

I  with  a  certain  notable  subject,  person,  place,  etc.;  as, 

inlana,  etc.    [L.  neut    pi   ol    of 
\ii"a-liap'tist,  i    ■  2an"a-bap'tfet,n.  l.One 

of  a  German  mystical    i  d  ol  the  I6tb  century.    1.  [a-] 
■  dobaptism;  .-hi  opprobrious  use.    ( < 
itlze  I  -  An"a-bap'tlsm,  n. 
a-nab'a-sls,  1  s-nab'  »■    I.  Agoingup;a 

miiitai  '         pus  the  younger,  101 

10.000  (.nek  auxiliaries.     2.  (A-|  The  work  of 
Xenophon  de  crlblng  this  expedition  and  the  retreat  of  the 
md  to  Greece.    [<  Gr.  anabasis,  <  ana,  up,  + 
balno.  go.) 


l:a  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    able;    au  =  out;    eil;    IQ  =  fewd;    c5hin;    go;    n  =  eing;    thin,   this.  Amphltrlte 
37     2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   bum;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.  ancestor 


a-nab'o-lism,  1  a-nab'o-lizm;  2  a-nab'o-lis.m ,  n.  Biol. 
The  process  of  food=assimilation.  [  <  ana — 1-  Gr.  ballo, 
throw.) 

a-nach'o-rlsm,  1  a-nak'o-rizm;  2  a-nac'o-ri§m,  n.  Some- 
thing foreign  to  a  country  or  unsuited  to  local  condi- 
tions.   [  <  ana — h  Gr.  choros,  country.] 

a-nach'ro-nism,  1  a-nak'ro-nizm;  2  a-nac'ro-nijm,  n. 
A  chronological  error;  something  occurring  or  repre- 
sented as  occurring  out  of  its  proper  time.  [  <  Gr.  ana, 
back,  4-  chronos,  time.] — an"a-chron'le,  a.  Erroneous  in 
date.  an"a-chron'l-caU ;  a-nach"ro-nis'tict;  a-nach'- 
ro-noust. 

an"a-co-lu'thon,  1  an"a-ko-liu'£han;  2  an"a-eo-lu.'thon, 
n.  [-THONS  or  -tha,  pi.]  Gram.  Violation  of  grammati- 
cal sequence  in  a  sentence,  for  the  sake  of  energy  or  to 
express  strong  emotion.  [  <  Gr.  an-  priv.  +  akolouthos, 
following;  see  acolyte.] 

an"a-con'da,  1  an"a-ken'da;  2  an"a-eon'da,  n.  A  very 
large  non=venomous  tropical  serpent  that  crushes  its 
prey  in  its  folds;  a  boa  or  python. 

Anaer.,  abbr.    Anacreon;  Anacreontic. 

A-nac're-on,  1  a-nak'ri-on;  2  a-nae're-on,  n.  A  Greek  erotic 
poet  (5637-478  B.  C.).— A-nac"re-on'tic.  I.  a.  1.  Per- 
taining to  or  like  the  lyrics  of  Anacreon.  2.  [a-]  Convivial; 
amatory.  II.  n.  A  poem  in  the  manner  of  Anacreon;  ama- 
tory or  convivial  verse. 

an'a-dem,  1  an'a-dem;  2  an'a-dem,  n.  [Rare.]  A  wreath  for 
the  head;  garland;  fillet.    [<  Gr.  ana,  up,  +  dco,  bind.] 

a-nad  'ro-mous,  1  a-nad'ro-mus;  2  a-nad'ro-mus,  a. 
Running  up;  ascending:  said  of  fishes,  as  the  salmon, 
that  go  from  the  sea  up  rivers  to  spawn. 

a-nae'mi-a,  etc.    Same  as  anemia,  etc. 

an"aes-the'si-a,  -thet'ic,  etc.    See  anesthesia,  etc. 

an'a-glyph,  )  1  an'a-glif;  2  an'a-glyf,  n.    Arch.    Anorna- 

an'a-glyfp,  )  ment  in  relief,  as  a  cameo.  [<  Gr.  ana- 
glyphs, <  ana,  up.  +  glypho,  carve.] — an"a-glyph'ic,  a. 
Pertaining  to,  ornamented  with,  or  executed  in  anaglyph. 
an"a-glyph'i-calt;  an"a-glyp'tict. 

an"a-go'ge,  1  an"a-g5'ji;  2  an"a-go'ge,  n.  Spiritual  or 
mystical  significance.  [  <  Gr.  anagoge,  <  ana,  up,  + 
ago,  lead.]  an'a-go-gyt.— an"a-gog'ie,  a.  Mystical;  al- 
legorical.   an"a-gog'i-calt. 

an'a-gram,  1  an'a-gram;  2  an'a-gram,  n.  A  word  or 
phrase  formed  by  transposing  the  letters  of  a  different 
word  or  phrase.  [<  Gr.F  ana,  anew,  +  grapho,  write.] 
— an"a-gram-mat'ic  or  -i-cal,  a. — an"a-gram-mat'l- 
cal-ly,  adv.  [Palestine.    Num.  xiii,  33. 

An'a-klm,  1  an'a-kim;  2  an'a-kim,  n.  pi.    A  race  of  giants  in 

a'nal,  1  e'nal;  2  fi'nal,  a.  Pertaining  to,  or  situated  near,  the 
anus.  [cal. 

anal.,  abbr.     Analogous,  analogy,  analysis,  analytic,  analyti- 

an'a-lect,  1  an'a-lekt;  2  an'a-lect,  n.  [-lec'ta  or  -lects, 
pi.]  A  selection  or  fragment  from  a  literary  work:  usu- 
ally in  the  plural.  [  <  Gr.  ana,  up,  -4-  lego,  gather.] — 
an"a-lec'tlc,  a.  Composed  of  or  comprising  literary  selec- 
tions. 

an"al-ge'sl-a,  1  an"al-jl'si-a;  2  an"al-ge'si-a.  n.  Pathol.  In- 
sensibility to  pain.  [<  Gr.  an-  priv.  4-  algos,  pain.]  an- 
al'gl-af.— an"al-get'[or  -ges']Ic,  a. 

a-nal'o-gy,  1  a-nal'o-ji;  2  a-nal'o-gy,  n.  [-giesz,  pi.] 
Resemblance  of  properties  or  relations;  similarity  with- 
out identity.  [  <  Gr.L+*'  ana,  according  to,  +  logos, 
proportion.) 

Syn.:  affinity,  coincidence,  comparison,  likeness,  parity, 
proportion,  relation,  resemblance,  semblance,  similarity, 
simile,  similitude.  Analogy  is  specifically  a  resemblance  of 
relations;  a  resemblance  that  may  be  reasoned  from,  so  that 
from  the  likeness  In  certain  respects  we  may  Infer  thai  other 
and  perhaps  deeper  relations  exist.  Parity  of  reasoning  is 
said  of  an  argument  equally  conclusive  on  subjects  not 
strictly  analogous.  Affinity  Is  a  mutual  attraction  with  or 
without  seeming  likeness;  as,  the  affinity  of  iron  for  oxygen. 
Coincidence  Is  complete  agreement  in  some  one  or  more  re- 
spects; there  may.  be  a  coincidence  In  time  of  most  dissimilar 
events,  similitude  is  a  rhetorical  comparison  of  one  tiling 
to  another  with  which  It  has  some  points  in  common  Bi  - 
semblance  and  similarity  tire  external  or  Superficial,  and  may 

involve  no  deeper  relat  ion ;  as,  the  resemblance  of  a  cloud  to  a 
distant  mountain.  Compare  allegory. —  Ant.:  disagree- 
ment, disproportion,  dissimilarity,  incongruity,  unUkenesS. 
—  Prep.:  The  analogy  hetireen  (or  of)  nature  and  revelation; 
the  analogy  of  sound  to  light;  a  family  has  some  analogy  with 
(or  to)  a  state. 

— an"a-Iog'l-cal,  a.  Containing  or  involving  analogy. 
an"a-log'lct. — an"a-log'i-cal-lj,  adv.  Figuratively, 
a-nal'o-gizc,  it.  <t  rl.  [-gized;  -gi/."i\-g.]  To  use  or  illus- 
trate by  analogy,  a-nal'o-glsej.  an'a-lug,  an'a-Iogiic, 
n.  Anything  analogous  to  something  else. — a-nal'o-gous, 
a.  Resembling  in  certain  respects,  s.vn.:  Bee  alike. — a- 
nal'o-gous-ly,  adv.— a-nal'o-gous-noss,  n. 


a-nal'y-sis,  1  a-nal'i-sis;  2  a-nal'y-sls,  n.  [-ses,  1  -siz; 
2  -seg,  pi.]  The  resolution  of  a  compound  into  its  parts 
or  elements;  also,  a  tabular  statement;  logical  synopsis. 
[<  Gr.  ana,  back,  +  lyo,  loose.)  Syn.:  see  abridgment. — 
an"a-lyt'ic  or  -l-cal,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  proceeding  by 
analysis;  resolving  into  first  principles. — an"a-ly4.'l-cal-Iy, 
adv. — an"a-lyt'ics,  n.    The  science  of  analysis. 

an'a-lyze,  )1  an'a-laiz;  2  an'a-lyz,  vt.      [-lyzed;  -lyz"- 

au'a-lyse,  )  inc.]  To  make  an  analysis  of;  examine  mi- 
nutely or  critically. — an'a-lyst,  n.  One  who  analyzes. 
an'a-lyz"[or-lys"]ert.— an'a-lyz"a-[or-lys"a-]bl(eP,  a. — 
an"a-Iy-za'[or-sa']tion,  n. 

A-iiain',  1  a-nfim';  2  a-niim',  n.  A  kingdom  in  S.  E.  Asia; 
52,100  sq.  m.;  pop.  5,555,000;  a  French  protectorate. 

an-an 'drous,  1  an-an'drus;  2  an-an'drus,  a.  Bol.  (1)  Desti- 
tute of  stamens,  as  a  female  flower.  (2)  Cryptogamous. 
[<  an-7  +  Gr.  aner,  man.) 

An"a-ni'as,  1  an"a-nai'as;  2  an'a-nl'as,  n.  The  husband  of 
Sapphira;  fell  dead  when  rebuked  by  Peter  for  lying.  Acts 
v,  1-6. 

an-an'thous,  1  an-an' thus;  2  an-an'thus,  a.  Bol.  Flow- 
erless.     [  <  Gr.  ananthes,  <  an-  priv.  -4-  anthos,  flower.] 

an'a-pest,   )lan'a-pest;  2  an'a-p£st,  n.  Pros.  A  metri- 

an'a-pjest,  J  cal  foot  consisting  of  two  short  syllables 
and  one  long  syllable.  [  <  Gr.  ana,  back,  +  paid, 
strike] — an"a-pes'tic  or  -paes'tlc,  a.  &  n.  an"a-pes'[or 
-paes']ti-calt. 

an  'arch-ism,  1  an'ark-izm;  2  an'arc-ism,  n.  The  theory 
that  all  forms  of  government  are  wrong  and  unneces- 
sary.— an'arch-ist,  n.  A  violent  and  destructive  op- 
ponent of  all  government,     an  'arch  \. — an"arch-is'tlc,  a. 

an'ar-chy,  1  an'ar-ki;  2  an'ar-ey,  n.  Absence  or  utter 
disregard  of  government;  lawless  confusion  and  dis- 
order; anarchism.  [<  Gr.  anarchia,  <  anarchos,  with- 
out a  head.    Syn.:  see  disorder ;  revolution. 

— an-ar'chir,  a.  Without  or  opposed  to  government; 
lawless,    an-ar'ehl-eall. 

An"ar-throp'o-da,  1  an"ar-fhrop'o-da;  2  an"ar-thrSp'o- 
da,  n.  pi.  Zool.  A  division  of  articulate  animals  without 
jointed  limbs,  including  the  worms.  [  <  an-7  +  Ar- 
thropoda.]—  an-ar'thro-pod,  a.  &  n. — an"ar-throp'o- 
dous,  a. 

a-nas"to-mo'sis,  1  a-nas"to-mo'sis;  2  a-nas"to-mo'sis,  n. 
[-sesz,  pi.]  A  union,  interlacing,  or  running  together. 
[  <  Gr.  anastomosis,  an  opening,  <  ana,  again,  4-  stoma, 
mouth.] — a-nas'to-mose,  v.    To  run  into  one  another. 

a-nas'tro-phe,  1  a-nas'tro-fi;  2  a-nas'tro-fe,  n.  Rhet.  In- 
version of  the  natural  or  usual  order  of  words,  as  "home- 
ward directly  he  went."  [<  Gr.  ana,  back,  +  strepho, 
turn]    a-nas'trophi;  a-nas'tro-pby|. 

anal.,  abbr.    Anatomical,  anatomist,  anatomy. 

a-nath'e-ma,  1  a-nafh'i-ma;  2  a-nath'e-ma,  n.  [-mas2  or 
-ma-ta,  pi.]  A  formal  ecclesiastical  ban  or  curse;  also,  a 
person  or  thing  anathematized.  (  <(  Jr.  anathema,  curse, 
<  ana,  up,  +  tithemi,  place.]    Syn.:  see  imprecation. 

— a-nath'e-ma  ma-ran'  a-tha',  probably  "Anathema. 
Maran  atha":  the  latter  words  signifying.  In  Syriac,  the  Lord 
hath  come :  generally  interpreted  as  an  intense  form  of  anath- 
ema. 1  Cor.  xvl,  22. — a-nafh'e-ma-tlzc  or -tlse,  vt.  &  vi. 
[-tized;  -tiz'ing.]  To  pronounce  an  anathema  against; 
utter  anathemas. — a-nath"e-ma-tl-za'[or  -sa'Jtlon,  n. 

An"a-to'li-a,  1  an"a-to'h-a;  2  an"a-to'li-a,  n.  1.  A  former 
district  in  Asia  Minor.    2.  Loosely,  Turkey  in  Asia. 

a-nat'o-my,  1  a-nat'o-mi;  2  a-nat'o-my,  n.  [-MIES',  pi.] 
1.  The  science  of  the  structure  of  organisms,  as  of  the 
human  body;  also,  a  treatise  on  this  science.  2.  The  art 
or  practise  of  dissection;  also,  a  corpse  or  skeleton; 
hence,  any  emaciated  person,  3.  An  anatomical  model 
or  cast.  4.  Bodily  si  nicture.  [  <  (Jr.  ana,  up,  +  ti  mn6, 
cut.] — an"a-tom 'l-cal,  a.  Pertaining  to  anatomy  or  dis- 
section; produced  by  dissection;  structural  as  distinguished 
from  functional,  an"a-tom'lot. — an"a-fom'l-eal-ly,  adv. 
— a-nat'o-mlst,  n.  One  skilled  In  anatomy. — a-nat'o- 
ml/.e,  vt.  [-mizkd;  -miz"ing.)  To  dissect;  examine  criti- 
cally; analyze,  a-nat'o-mlsef. — a-nat"o-ml-za'[or-sa']- 
tlon,  " 

An"ax-ag'o-ras,  1  an*aks-ag'o-res;  2  an"aks-ag'o-ras,  n.  A 
( ireek  philosopher  (.r>nn  428  it.  < '.). 

Aii-ax"l-maii'(ler,  1  an-aks"t-man'dar;  2  an-aks"l-man'dCr,  n. 
A  Creek  philosopher  (610    546?  It.  ('.). 

-ance,  suffix.  Forming  from  adjectives  In  -ant,  and  also 
ilinri  ly  from  verbs,  nouns  drnnt  Ing  net  ion,  quallt  y,  or  state; 

as,  abundance,  forbearance,  perseverance,  [  <  F.  -ance,  < 
L.  -antia,  -rutin,  termination  used  to  form  nouns  from  par- 
ticiples. ]  -an-cyj. 
aii'ces-lor,  1  an'ses-tsr;2  an'c8s-tor,  n  One  from  whom 
descent  is  derived;  a  forefather;  progenitor.  [<  L.op 
ante,  before,  i  cedo,  go.]  an-ces 'trail  ".  1.  i>f.  pertain- 
ing to,  or  Inherited  from  an  anci  i"  '-■  k><>i.  Pertaining  to 
an  earlier  and  usually  simpler  type.     an"ces-to'rl-alt. — 


.iiiIm  ilrt.l 


\ 


»!■      .    I 

411     k. 


1  a 


I  ,  I  I         >.  ..     Ir;   fu!'.  rfll.-;   hut.  lftrn; 

11  .1111  .■    not,  Or,  wOi  .       H 


hi   .  .  --in  . 

I 

II 


t 


1  r 

I 

Which 

I . 


Ml   ■  h.-r,  I. 

•nnii    tin- 
(  <  <  Ir.  ana,  back,  < 
in   .  '■  •-  r  1 1 .  in  ihi^rr.-. 

an-«  lm  >  > .    .  pi  ]     A 

;  as  a  n ■liah  and  for 
dry.] 
.in  •    '  n  ' .  ring  toor  h:iv- 

tiquity;  of  groat  age;  very 

Sirr.  Immemorial, 

old.  ■  tlrm-worn 

rich,  Is  the  more  stately,  old, 

fTotJ 

•  ■  at  we  s  leld  to  the 
mjj<~  intiqi.'e:  old.— Ant.: 

in  .  I.  nl-h  .  in  '- 

r|i  -iiI-iii  -.».  in    i|.|il-r\.  1.     \i';jiii  '».  Thlng8 

at1,         I  I  in  ancient  t .  ■  %  . 

an  i  l' hi  •andard'bearer.    [Cor.  of  ensign.] 

aa'eO-ts-ry,  i-ia-ry,  a.    1.  Bubordinate; 

»u\i.  .'..        or  like  a  maid  servant.    [< 

aid  1 
.Hi-i  i|i  i-i.il.  .  .•i-rlp'i-tal,  a.    1.  Double* 

.'.  1       [  <    L. 

ublcbeaded.  <  an-,  both,  +  caput,  head.)    an- 
rlp'l-liiu-: . 
.in  i  ii-r.il.  I.  Of ,  pertaining 

.'.  Booked  or  curved. 

\  ii <  n  .  Itary  of  the  Bomme  In  the 

I   ; i 1 1 c J  i  .i Tiiian- 

-»nr>  . 

-i ml .  .  1 .  Ajpai  ting  addition: 

in  addition;  if.     |  ■     AS, 
id.  and  ]    Synj  see  bit. 
\ml  . 

i  "(lo-10-fliI'o; : 

\  former  division  of  8  Spain. 

An 'da-in. in-  and    Mr 'o- liars',    |   aifda-mans,  nik'o-burz'; 

;  ro\  ii  it  of    British   India. 

ind  mi  hi  Nil  i.ii.ir  Islands  In  the 

.iii-i.iii  i,  .  I.        &  ads. 

II. 
i 

Hans 
■  r  <.f  children 
.  :i.  'z  an'der-eon-i  D 

nlon  prisoners 

A  mountain  range  In  V 


\  ii   i|.  r--.  n. 

(  drl  •■ 
\n  i|.  r-»on-ill|. 

. 
\n  '■!•-. 

\n-"|.     in, a.  An. 

and  'i'roii.  .  i'i"<ni, 

.  ood  in 

tin  •   .1     | 
An  dr.  John     1?.',1 

tn'ilr.  ».  -  ,.     2   an'dru.   Saint. 

... 

.  .'^cSee?'*"1  ""  "*""  Andiron. 

an'dro-.  2  an'dro-.    From  Greek  ane*  (andr-), 


•  .Li i ii i ig  i i.i in  ii-  .1 1..  1 1. ■in.!.-  I  I  i  1 1 in 1 1  in  >-.  ii- 

mens  or  lJi<<  Ntaiiuiinle  form  of  I  m   ilm-<  eph- 

a-luus,  a      Having  a  human  bead  (with  the  bod)  of  an 

nut n >  i      .  ptlatl  ■phlnx       !   •    <  ir    ' . 

\n  'dru-elea,  I  an'd  •       \  Roman  slave 

nf  the  nr-.i  centurj    v    U .  who  drew  ■  thorn  from  ■  lion's 
pa*  ami  wi  ■  the  anlmaJ  when  later  the 

two  mi  I  In  I  he  arm  V  ii  ilm-i  In 

an-drog  >-<■.. u - .         i.  i  altlng  Hie  oharaoteristlas  of  both 
bcrmapbrod  Having  the  male  and  female 

llowei  ■  lusii-r.     I-     amiii.i-  .  i  ;r  cum',  woman.] 

an-drog'y-nall :  an"dro-g]  n-ic:. 
An-ilur 'ra,  l  im-iiiir  i Independent repub- 

lle  between  1  rami-  ami  Spain  (176 aq   in  ,  pop  5,00 
pltai 
an  'droid.  l  an'dreld;  :.'  an'drold     I.  a.    Having  human  ■nape. 
ii  lutometon  resembling  ■  human  being     |-    <;r. 

.■'■'     ,  man;  and  see  -OID.]     an-driil'- 

det       ani-drol'dal,  a. 

Aii-driiiu 'a-ilir.     1     an  drum'. .-kl;    B    1111-ilrrnii'a  ir.    n        In 

Homer's  Iliad,  the  wile  >>t  Heotor;  ■  woman  of  strong  char- 
acter. 

Aii-ilrmii 'i-da,  1  an-drnm'  ■■ni'r-da.  n     (ir.  Myth. 

a  maiden  chained  to  a  rm-k  as  a  sacrifice  to  a  seatnonater, 
but  rescued  and  married  by  Perseus, 
an  "iiro-iiinr  piiou-,  n  Having  masoullne  shape  or  appear- 
ance. I -.  UTOBO-  t  <;r.  morphi,  (orm.)  an-droph'a- 
K"iis,  a.  Mandating;  cannibal,  it  <;r  phagein,  cut.]  — 
an'dro-apnini,  n.    Egypt.  Sculp,    a  sphinx  with  a  man's 

head  and  a  llun'.s  body. 

anr.  1  in  or  yen;  2Bj  [Bcol   a  Dial   i  Dg.]  One. 

-.me.  -   i ■      where,  however,  both  the  -'in  ami 

-am  forma  exist,  ii  Ii  with  a  difference  In  meaning,  as  in 

human,  humane, 
e-near't,   t.,  adv.,  A  prep.   [Archaic  or  Poet.]    Near 
an  Ci -dole,  l  an'ec-dot;  £  account 

lenl  •■     tory.     |<  C!r.  aneJrdofa,   < 

an-  priv.    •    dt,  out,  -;   dotos,  given.]    Syn.:  sec  stokv. 
an  Yc-dot"aK«\  n.    Anecdotes  collectively.      an"ee- 

ilnt  'ir,  ;     I.  Pertaining  to  anecdotee.    an'cc-do"tal{.    '4. 

Having  thehabll  of  telling  anecdotee.    an"c«-<lot  'l-calj.— 

aii"ir-dot  'i-cal-l)  ,  adv. 

a-ne'mi-a,  i  1  a-nl'nu-a;  2  a-nS'mi-a,  n.     Deficiency  of 
;i-ii:ia'iiii-a.  J  blood;  bloodlessnrs.s.     |<  dr.  an-  pnv.   + 

hntma.  blooil  ] 

an  Y-iiiu-,  l  an'i-mo-  or  a-nem'o-;  2  iin'e-mo-  or  a-nSm'o-. 

From  <  ireek  an*  mos.wind  i  a  combining  form.    a>mm,« 

o-grapb,  n     \n  Instrument  thai  makes,  by  tracing  a  curved 

line,  an  automat  ir  record  of  the  velocity,  force,  or  direction 

of  the  wind.     [4  Gr.  graphO,  write.]     aii'V-mom 'e-tcr,  /I. 

An  Instrument  for  measuring  the  force  or  velocity  of  wind. 

[+   <ir.   mttron,  measure.]  —  an"e-mo-niet  'rlc,  an"e-mo- 

mct'rl-cal,  a. 
a-iicm'o-iie,  1  B-nem'o-ni;  2  a-nSm'o-ne,  n.    A  plant  of 

the  crowfoot  family;  a  windflower. 

[<      <;r.'-     anemOni,     windflower.] 

a-iniii  o-nyt. 
an  "i-inopiri-ious,  a   lint,     fertilized 

by    the    wind,    which   scatters    the 

pollen.     [<   anemo-  +   Gr.pliilun, 

love.] 
a-in  m 'o-Mope,  n.    An  Indicator  of  the 

direction  of  the  wind.    [<  anemo-  -f 

(ir.    ' 

a-iiciit',  1  ;. -in-lit';  2  a-nSnt',  prep. 
I .  <  '■  incerning;  in  regard  to.    'i.  <  'n 
a   line   with       '.l.  Pacing   toward. 
on,  on,  <  ifin.  even  ] 
an'f-roicl,   1  an'i-reid;  2  Bu'e-rdid. 
I. 'i.   Not  employing  a  fluid.   DLn, 
An  aneroid  baromi  tei  oz  b 
|<  Gr.a-prlv    -  nJrat.wet,  +  eutos, 
form  i    aneroid  barometer,  an  ln- 
Btrument  Bhowlng  atmospheric  pres- 
by  the  movements  of  the  elastic 
'i  exhausted  metallic  box. 
a  lies,  j  •  yens,  adv.    [Scot.]    Once. 

;in"es-tht'Si-a,  i  1  an"ea-£bI'n-[or  -'.l-la;  2  &n*ee-the'si- 

an";is-||ie'si-a,  \  [or  -z]ii-]a,  n.  Loasof  physical  sensation, 
cr   on-  pnv.    +■  aUthanomai,  perceive.]    an"ses-the'- 

sls;.      au'Vs-  or  -a-s-  thel 'If.     I.  a.     Pertaining  to  or  pro- 
diuli,.  i.i.ikiiig  Insensible  of  pain.     II.  n.     That 

which  produi  a,  as  ether,  chloroform,  etc. — an- 

-aes'  llie-tlze,  ft.     To  render  Insensible  to  pain  by 

an'eu-rism,  /  1  an'yu-rizm;  2  an'yu-rl-m,  n.    A  tumor 

an'eu-rysm,  [  formed  tiy  a  morbid  dilatation  of  the  coats 
of  an  artery.  [<  dr.  ana,  up,  +  eurys,  wide.]— an"- 
eu-rls  '  or  -r>  I '  inal,  a.  [ODce  more;  again. 

a-new',  1  8-niQ';  2  a-nu',  adv.  As  a  new  act;  in  a  new  way; 

Ang.,  aV/r.    [L]    A  nglice  (in  English). 


Wood -anemone 
in  flower. 

a.  fruit. 


1:  a  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    ail  =  out;    ell;    ill  =  feud;    cllin;    go;    n  =  aing;    Chin,    this. 
39     2:wplf,  do;   bo"ok,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


Anchises 
anhydrid 


an'gel,  1  en'jel;  2  an'gSl.  I.  a.  Angelic.  II.  n.  1.  Theol. 
(1)  One  of  an  order  of  spiritual  beings  endowed  with 
immortal  life,  attendant  upon  the  Deity;  a  heavenly 
guardian,  ministering  spirit,  or  messenger.  (2)  A  fallen 
spiritual  being,  also  immortal.  2.  In  traditional  and 
popular  thought,  the  glorified  spirit  of  a  deceased  per- 
son. 3.  A  pastor  or  bishop.  Rev.  i,  1.  4.  A  person  of 
real  or  fancied  angelic  qualities.  5.  Art  &  Arch.  A 
conventional  representation  of  an  angel,  as  a  youthful 
human  figure,  with  wings.  6.  A  former  English  gold 
coin  worth  from  6s.  8d.  to  10s.  [<  Gr.l,1'+or  angelos,  mes- 
senger.]— an'gel-fish",  re.  1.  A  ray-like  shark  of  tem- 
perate seas,  having  very  large  wing- 
like  pectoral  fins.  2.  A  fish  of  warm 
seas  and  beautiful  coloration,  as  the 
porgy,  etc. — an'gel-hood,  re.  The 
state  or  nature  of  an  angel.— an"- 
gel-ol  'a-trj ,  re.  Angel-worship.  —  Angel-flsh  (2) .  >/ s, 
an"gel-ol 'o-gy,  re.  The  doctrine  concerning  angels. 

an-gel'ic,  1  an-jel'ik;  2  an-gel'ic,  a.  Pertaining  to,  like, 
or  consisting  of  angels ;  celestial ;  pure ;  beautiful ;  saintly . 
an-gel  'i-cal  t • — an-gel  'i-eal-ly ,  adv. 

an-gel'i-ca,  1  an-jel'i-ka;  2  an-gel'i-ca,  re.  1.  A  fragrant, 
aromatic  plant  of  the  genus  Angelica,  2.  [A-]  A  widely  dis- 
tributed genus  of  stout  perennial  herbs  of  the  parsley  family 
(Apiacese).  3.  [A-]  A  white  wine  of  California.  [<  LL. 
angelicus,  <  angelus,  angel.] 

An-gel'1-co,  1  an-jel'i-ko;  2  an-gel'1-co,  Fra  Giovanni  (1387- 
1455).    An  Italian  painter  and  monk. 

an'ge-lus,  1  an'ji-lus;  2  an'ge-lus,  re.  It.  C.  Ch.  1.  A  prayer 
commemorating  the  Annunciation;  named  from  its  first 
word.  2.  A  bell  rung  at  morning,  noon,  and  night  as  a  call 
to  recite  this  prayer.    [LL.] 

an'ger,  1  an'gar;  2  an'ger.  I.  vt.  To  provoke;  irritate. 
II.  re.  Violent  vindictive  passion;  sudden  and  strong 
displeasure;  wrath;  ire.  [<  ME. anger, affliction, trouble.] 
Syn.:  animosity,  choler,  displeasure,  exasperation,  fury,  ha- 
tred, impatience,  indignation,  ire,  irritation,  offense,  passion, 
rage,  resentment,  temper,  wrath.  Anger  is  sharp,  sudden, 
and,  like  all  violent  passions,  necessarily  brief.  Resentment  (a 
feeling  back  or  feeling  over  again)  is  persistent  brooding  over 
injuries.  Rage  drives  one  beyond  the  bounds  of  prudence  or 
discretion;  fury  is  stronger  yet,  and  sweeps  one  away  into 
uncontrollable  violence.  Anger  is  personal  and  usually 
selfish.  Wrath  is  deeper,  more  pervasive  and  enduring  than 
anger,  and  may  be  vengeful.  Indignation  is  impersonal  and 
unselfish  displeasure  at  unworthy  acts  (L.  indigna),  i.  e.,  at 
wrong  as  wrong.  See  hatred.  For  verb,  see  incense,  v. — 
Ant.:  forbearance,  gentleness,  long-suffering,  patience,  peace, 
peaceableness,  peacefulness,  self-control,  self-restraint. — 
Prep.:  auger  at  the  Insult;  anger  against  or  toward  the 
offender. 

An"gers',  1  aii'ze';  2  ah'zhe',  re.  A  city  of  W.  France;  pop. 
84,000.    An"giers'J. 

An'ge-vln,  1  an'ji-vln;  2  an'ge-vln,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
Anjou  and  especially  to  the  Plaritagenet  kings  of  England 
from  1154  to  1204,  descendants  of  Geoffrey,  Count  of  Anjou. 

an'gl-na,  1  an'ji-na  or  an-jai'na;  2  an'gi-na  or  an-gi'na,  re. 
Pathol.  Any  disease  characterized  by  suffocation,  as  quinsy, 
croup,  etc.  [<  L.  ango,  choke.]— an'gi-na  pec'to-ris, 
neuralgia  of  the  heart. 

an'gl-o-,    )  1  an'ji-o-;  2  an'gl-o-.  From  Greek  angeion.a,  case, 

an'gel-o-,  (  vessel,  capsule:  combining  forms.  The  longer  form 
is  the  older. — an"gi-og'ra-phy,  re.  1.  Anal.  A  description 
of  the  vascular  system.  2§.  A  description  of  the  vessels, 
Instruments,  weights,  and  measures  used  by  various  nations. 
[+  Gr.  grapho,  write.]— an"gl-<> 'ma,  re.  A  tumor  caused 
by  dilated  blood-vessels.— an 'gi-o-sporm,  re.  One  of  the 
Anglos  per  mse,  a  class  of  plants  having  the  seeds  contained 
In  a  closed  seed-vessel,  as  the  apple,  rose,  oak,  maple,  etc. 
[+  Gr.  sperma,  seed.]— an"gl-o-sper'mal,  a.— an"gI-o- 
sper'ma-tous,  an"gl-o-sper'mous,  a.—  an"gl-»t'o-iny, 
n.  Anat.  The  anatomy  or  dissection  of  the  vascular  sys- 
tem, including  the  lymphatics.    [+  Gr.  lemno,  cut.] 

an'gl(ep,  1  an'gl;  2  an'gl,  vt.  &  vi.  [an'gl(e)dp;  an'- 
gling.]  To  fish  with  rod,  hook,  and  line:  with  for.  [  < 
AS.  angel,  angul,  hook,  fish-hook]  —  an'gler,  re.  One  who 
fishes  with  rod,  hook,  and  line-  un'gllng,  n.  The  act  or 
art  of  fishing  with  rod,  hook,  and  line. 

an'gle1,  re.  1.  The  figure,  concept,  or  relation  of  two 
straight  lines   (sides)  ernanat-  c 

ing  from  one  point  (the  ver- 
tex) ;  a  corner  or  point. 

In  the  strictest  mathematical  ^ 
sense  the  word  angle,  signifies. 
that  relation  of  the  lines  which  is 
measured  by  the  amount  of  ro-  k- 
tatlon  necessary  to  make  one  co- 
incide with  the  other.  This  amount  la  commonly  expressed 
in  degrees.  When  the  skies  of  an  angle  are  perpendicular  to 
each  other,  it  Is  a  right  angle  (see  llg.  A<  >< '  i :  when  Ic.ss.  than 


a  right  angle  (as  AOB  or  BOC),  an  acute  angle;  when  greater 
than  a  right  angle  (as  BOD),  an  obtuse  angle;  when  the 
sides  go  out  in  opposite  directions  (as  AOD),  a  straight  angle. 
Any  angle  not  a  right  or  straight  angle  is  an  oblique  angle. 
2.  A  secluded  place  resembling  a  corner;  nook.  [F.,  < 
L.  angulus,  corner.]  [hook  and  line. 

an'gle2,  re.     A  fish-hook;  fishing-tackle;  a  fishing  with 

An'gle'1,  n.  One  of  the  early  conquerors  of  Great  Britain 
in  the  5th  and  succeeding  centuries,  from  whom  the 
country  was  called  England  (Angle-land). 

an'gled,  1  arj'gld;  2  an'gld,  a.    Having  angles. 

An'gle-sey,  1  an'gl-si;  2  an'gl-sy,  re.  An  island  and  county  In 
Wales;  276  sq.  m.;  pop.  51,000.    An'gle-seaJ. 

an  'gle-worm",  1  an'gl-wunn";  2  an'gl-wurm",  re.  A 
worm  used  as  bait  in  angling,  as  an  earthworm. 

An'gli-an,  1  an'gh-an;  2  an'gli-an.  I.  o.  Pertaining  to 
the  Angles  or  their  country.  II.  re.  One  of  the  race  of 
Angles.    An'glicJ. 

An'gli-can,  1  an'gli-kan;  2  an'gli-ean.  I.  a.  1.  Eccl. 
Pertaining  to  the  Church  of  England,  or  the  churches 
derived  from  it.  2.  Pertaining  to  England  or  that  which 
is  English.  II.  re.  A  member  of  the  Church  of  England 
or  of  any  church  derived  from  it.  [<  L.  Anglus;  see 
Angle3,  re.] — An'gli-can-ism,  re. 

An'gli-ce,  1  arj'gli-si;  2  an'gli-ce,  adv.  In  English;  according 
to  the  usage  of  the  English  language.    [LL.] 

An'gli-cism,  1  arj'gli-sizm;  2  an'gli-gism,  n.  1.  Any 
word,  phrase,  or  idiom  peculiarly  English.  2.  A  word, 
phrase,  or  sense  used  in  England,  but  not  in  accepted 
use  in  the  United  States;  a  Briticism.  3.  Any  trait  or 
usage  peculiarly  English.    [  <  L.  Anglus;  see  Angle3,  re.) 

An  'gli-cize,  )  1  an'gh-saiz ;  2  an'gli-clz,  v.  [-cized,  -cised  ; 

An'gli-cise,  )  -ciz"ing,  -cis"ing.]  I.  t.  To  give  an  En- 
glish form,  style,  or  idiom  to.  II.  i.  To  acquire  some 
trait  or  peculiarity  belonging  to  the  English;  become 
like  the  English. 

An'gli-form,  1  an'gli-ferm;  2  an'gli-form,  a.  Having 
English  form  or  characteristics.  [<  L.  Anglus  (see 
Angle3,  re.)  +  -form.] 

an'gling,  n.     The  act  or  art  of  fishing  with  a  rod. 

An'glo-,  1  an'glo-;  2  an'glo-.  From  Latin  Anglus,  an  Angle 
or  Englishman:  the  combining  form  for  English,  England,  In 
various  adjectives  and  nouns  indicating  relations  of  lan- 
guage, interests,  etc.,  between  the  countries  concerned  or 
natives  of  them;  as,  Anglo-American,  Anglo-Asiatic, 
Anglo-French,  Anglo-Indian,  Anglo-Irish.  Anglo-Nor- 
man.— An"glo-ma'ni-a,  re.  Over-fondness  for  or  imita- 
tion of  things  English.  [  +  mania.]  —  An"glo-ma'nl-ac,  re. 
— An"glo-pho'bi-a,  re.  Hatred  or  dread  of  England  or  of 
what  is  English.    [+  Gr.  phobeo,  fear.] — An"glo-pho'bic,  a. 

Anglo-Ind.,  abbr.    Anglo-Indian. 

An"glOi=Sax'on,  1  an"glo=saks'an;  2  an'glo-saks'on.  I.  a. 
Pertaining  to  the  Anglo-Saxons  or  their  language.  II.  re.  1. 
A  member  of  one  of  the  Teutonic  peoples  who  conquered 
Britain  in  the  5th  and  6th  centuries.  2.  Their  language.  3. 
Any  one  of  English  race  or  descent. 

An-go'Ia,  1  an-go'la;  2  an-go'la,  re.  A  Portuguese  territory 
in  W.  Africa;  484,800  sq.  m.;  pop.  4,119,000. 

An-go'ra,  1  an-go'ra;  2  an-go'ra,  re.  A  province  in  Asia 
Minor;  27,370  sq.  m.;  pop.  933,000.— Angora  cat.  a  variety 
of  cat  with  very  long,  silky  hair.  See  cat. — A.  goat,  a  goat 
reared  for  its  long,  silky  hair,  known  as  A.  wool. 

An"gou"leme\  1  an"gu"lem';  2  afrgu'lem',  n.  A  city  In  W. 
France;  pop.  38,200. 

an'gry,  1  an'gn;  2  ari'gry,  a.     [an'oui-ek;  an'ghi-est.J 
Moved  with,  evincing,  or  affected  by  anger;   indignant; 
inflamed;  keen;  sharp. 
— an'grl-ly,  adv. — an'grl-ness,  n. 

Ang. -Sax.,  abbr.    Anglo-Saxon.    A.-S.f. 

an'gulsh,  1  an'gwisn;  2  an'gwish.    I',  vt.  &  vi.    To  inflict 
or  suffer  anguish.    II.  n.    Excruciating  mental  or  bodily 
pain;  agony;  torture.    [<  L.OF ango,  choke.] 
Syn.:  agony;  anxiety. 

an'gu-lar,  1  arj'giu-ler;  2  iin'gu-lar,  a.  1.  Having  an 
angle  or  angles;  sharp-cornered;  pointed.  2.  Measured 
by  an  angle.  3.  Pertaining  to  angles.  4.  Bony;  awk- 
ward and  ungraceful.  5.  Of  a  crabbed  disposition.  [< 
I.,  angulus,  corner!  an"gu-lar'l-(y,  re.  [-TIBS',  />/.]  The 
stale  or  condition  of  being  angular,  aii'gii-lar-iie.ssl. 
aii'gii-lar-ly,  adv. 

an"hc-la'llon,  i  an'hi-lB'snen;  2  an'he-Hl'shon,  ».  rmhoi. 
Shortness  ol  breath;  difficult  respiration      [■     L,  anhela- 

»»(»-),    <   an-  (<    iiinhi-).  around,     I     huln.  breal  he]  —  ail- 

he'lous,  •,    Short-breathed;  panting. 
an-hy'drid,    M  an-hai'dnd,  -dnd  <>/■  -draid;  2  an-hy'- 
an-liy'dride,  J drid,  -drid  or  -drid,  ».     Chem,     Anoxid 

which  becomes  an  aeiil  when  water  IS  added,  or  is  re- 
garded as  a.n  acid  from  which  (lie  water  lias  been  re- 
moved, ami  which  oombinjea  with  basic,  oxids  to  (oro& 


aulch 

nil   1-. 


>     1 


•:.       a- 

All     ll.  I 

All     ill    . 

t-ntl  My, 

in  i-Iiii.  ■ 

111     l-llllr. 

an~l-iii.i,l-\ .  r    -i. .11. 

■  nt,  criticism, 
'    ( "11111- 
ii  I    rommcndn- 
I 

l-in.i.t-i.  r    -l\    .        .  ptlVC 

an'1-m.i.l-n  r  «l>   , -n,»»  quality 


r  I 


i 

an  i-m.il.  1.1.1'.  rtnining  to  >>r 

'.'.         I  liiiiim  tn  thi. 
II.         I .   \         • :.  nt  liv- 
••  ature 
:. 
I . 

m   si-ii- 
< 1 1- 1  i m-t 
; he  one 
ride   . 

tnimal.     But  to  call 

iml  man  an  oi  -ply  that  the  animal 

natu-.  Is  the  animal 

tIc»i  Doked  upon  as 

ik  nf  the  cruel  fatb 

i  eluding 

divinely 

lied  Its 

Ant.:  angel.  Inanimate 

i.  ma  soul,  spirit,  substance 

an  'l-iii.il-l-m.  I  i    ..r  COTJditiOl 

i-i.   actuate!  .'.     \ nlniii  1 

an  'i-itu  i- 1  - 1 .         i.  'J.  \  painter 

or  v  .  an"l-mal-ls'tlr,         an"l-mal'l- 

t>.         l  '.'.  Animalism      an'l-mal- 

l/.  .  I  .'.  To  ren- 

der 
an'l-mal'm-la.  n.    1'lural  of  ANIMAL)  •  i.i  M. 
■■T  mil'rnifi.  I     •     -rnalTciul;  2  &n*i-mil'eul,  kn 

I.  .  dim.  'if  animal, 

unatal         an"l-inal'ru-l;ir.    I       Pertaining  to  or  I 

mai'  [ah  animalcule, 

au'l-mali  ii-liirn.  ;  .  ■.■  -cO-lum,  n.     (-LA.  pi.]     [L.] 

an'l-matt  .    I     .  mit      1.   rf.      [-v 

■n.r  I .  make  alive      '!■    1  ■• 

II. 

I  rriatUS,     pp.     Of 

.in  i-iii.ii'  i  0  :. 
Sjtij  (verb;  see  )  -:in;  (adjective)  see  auvk; 

.  rviD. 
an  l-mat "In.  trtlng   life   OT  animation;    In- 

ui   l-mal  "Inif-li  .  .in"l-iiia'llnii.  I 

' 

-'vn.:  see 
hiriith      an'l-rna"th  i  ting, 

an 'l-riii-m.  I.  The  belief 

.' 

i  <  L.  anima  an  i-nii^t. 

-in i-  i w  . 
an  "I- mi  i - '1- 1  > .  i  _•'■'•      -  - 


d;  ill  will.    [  < 

•  .-  thought 

■ 
impound  undi 

ppears  at  thr;  a:  i i posed  to 

[Gr  .  <  ana,  up,  +  clmi,  go.) 


ll...  ■"■       ot.  Ar:   full,  rOL- :   I. lit,  liftrn; 

,  ,  ill  I  ..i       <V     ll   .  uOn,       H) 

.in  i-  i    ,  \        iii  Norl ii-  African  plan! 

-     •..    Mill-..      | 

an   I I    .  it-rant    Wai  Bl«  Ol    Hi. 

■plant 

.III       I--1I-.  Hll 

.ni-i "-<>-  in.  t  i<  .         i  /..  m 
i  omp.  ■  hi  in  iiirtririii  propoi  lions 

in   i-  lo-ph)  I  lous,         II  ii 
iiniik.'  form      an"l-~i>-ir..|i  i.  .         H  ivlna  dlftereni  prop- 
oi heal 
or  11b  hi 
\n  |..n.  n     An 

i   |.r..\  Inee  ol  sraj  de- 

an Iter,  I  liquid  measure  of  aboul  10 

n 
An 'king,  !  In'klng,  n      v  cltj  and  treatj  porl  ol 

N.in    kin': :  Vm'kliiK    I 
S-  .ii   klnu:. 

an  Id  !•''.  l  an  Id;  2  In  Id,  n     1.  The  join!  connecting  the 
.■.  i    i  part  iii  the  lag  near  the  ankle* 
joint     (  <  AS  nncleow  | 
an  filet,  l  arj'klet;  2  a'n/kie't,  n      \  band  foi  the  ankle 

.ill  "k>-lu  'sis,  1  an'kl-I.Ysi-  I 

The  knitting  together  or  union  of  two  bones  or  parte  ol 
Stiffness  ..f  a  joint,  or  the  formation  ol  a. 

stiff  Joint.    [■    Gr,  nnki.:  bent,        ankos, 

bend      an'Tty-lol  1c,  an"ehjr-lol  1c,  an"cy-lol  'lc  <i. 
an  lace,  !  an'l&c,  n.    A  broad  two-edged  dagger  or 

simrt  sword,   an  lasi . 
\nn.  <  ape,     \  capi  i 

an  n. i N.  l  an'ols;  2  an 'a  Is,  r».  />i     A  record  •■!  evi  m  -  in 

chronological  order.    [<  I.  annalet,  <  annus,  year.] 
btobt.     an'nal-lst,  n.    A  writer  of  ann 

an"nal-ts'tlc,        Pertaining  to  annals  or  an  am 
An  'nam.  n     Same  as  an  w 
An-iiap'o-IN,  1  a-i 

of  Ms  i  be  i    S   Na\  al  Academy 

(founded  1846)  and  St.  John's  I  lollege  (founded  I7M 
Ann  Ar'imr,  i  an  iir'iior.  A  city  In  S   E  Michigan; 

pop    i  il  i  diversity  of  Michigan,  rounded  in:i7. 

an  nai.  i  an'at;  2  ftn'ftt,  n.    The  Aral  fruits,  or  the  Aral  year's 

revenue  of  bishops  and  certain  other  ecclesiastics.    [<  F. 

annate.  ■:  L.  annus,  year.]    an'iiatt-*;. 
an-nat'to.  1  a-nat'o:  2  a-nat'o.  n.     A  y.llou  Mi-r.-.l  ilyc  oli- 

talned  from  the  pulp  enclosing  the  Beeds  "f  the  arnotto-tree 
of  Central  America:  used  In  coloring  butter,  oheeee,  and 
varnish  SeeARNOTTO.  [8p.  Am.]  a-nat'taj;  a-nat'toj; 
an-nat  'taj. 

Anno,  1  an:  2  fin,  n.  (1666  1711  Ul  English  queen;  last  ol 
tart  sovereigns     See  England. 

an-ncal ',  1  n-nil';  2  .- "i - 1 1 «"■  I ' .  vt.     1.  To  render  soft  find 
tough  by  heating  and  then  slowly  cooling.    '£.  To  fix 
i  namel)  by  heating  and  cooling,    3t.  To  it- 
nit.-;  link.-;  fuse.    (  <  AS.  on-,  on,  -i  eelan,  burn  ] 

Aii-m  I  i-ila.  l  a-nii'i-ii..;  2  a-ni'-ri-cla.  n.  pi.  A  class  of  in- 
vertebrates, Including  ti»'  earthworms.  [<  L.  annellu  . 
dim  ofanulfi  ,  ring,  -  anus,  ring.]  An-nel'l-desl.  an  '- 
ne-Ud,  a.  &.  n.— an-m  ri-ilmi-,  a     an'ne-lold,  n.  a  n. 

an-nex",  1  a-neks/;2&-nSks'l  vt.    l.'l  :  at  the 

end;  join;  unite,  as  territory,  etc.  2.  To  attach,  as  a 
condition.    (  <  I  do,  bind  ] 

Syn.' see  ADD.-  an"nex-a'tlon,  n.    The  act  of  annexing; 
thing  annexed:  an  addition.— an-ncx 'I vc,  a. 

an-nex'!  1  a-neks'  or  an'eks;  2  i-n8ks'  n.    An 

addition;  a  supplementary  service,  department,  etc.; 
appendix;  addendum. 

an-ni'hi-lati',  1  a-nai'hi-lfit;  2  S-nl'hi-lat,  vt.  f-i.AT"EDd; 
-lat"in.;  ]  To  reduce  t<.  nothing;  destroy  absolutely; 
also,  to  destroy  tin-  identity  or  organisation  «.f  [  <  L. 
mi.  to.  |  ni/rU.  nothing.]    Byru  see  abolish;  kxterminati 

an-nl'lil-la-lil  «■'',  n       an-nl"lil-la'(lon.   n       An  an 
nlbllatlng; destruction; disintegration     an-nriil-la-th  >-  . 
:nlltiL;  or  imt.-iit  to  annihilate,    an-nl'lil-la-to-ry;.— 
an-nriil-la"lor, 

an"nl-vt'r'sa-r>,  1  an'i-virr'se-n;  2  &n*i-v8r/sa-ry.  I.  a. 
rring  annually.  DLn.  [-bibs*,  pi.]  t.  Adaysep- 
l  by  a  year  or  l>y  an  exact  number  oi  yeai 

'!.  A  commemorative  observance  on 
siir-h  a  day.    [<  ]  turn.] 

anno  Horn   l-nl,  1  an'O  doni'i-ti'ii.  2  ftn'0  'l''un'i-nl.     [L.]     In 

the  year  of  our  Lord  or  ol  the  Christian  era;  abbreviated 
\    i< 

annul..  1, am  otator, 

an'no-tatc,  1  an'o-tSt;  S  an'o-tat,  p.  [-tat"ed'';  -iai"- 
iv.i  ]  1. 1 .  To  in-'!.,  explanatory  or  critical  notes  on  or 
upon  ll.  To  make  notes  [<  L.  ad,  to.  +  note, 
mark  an"ii<>-ta 'tlon,  n  The  acl  of  annotating;  a  note 
or  comment  an'no-ta-tlvfe*,  a  CM  or  marked  by  an- 
an-iiii'la-ln-r) ;. —  an'no-ta"tor,  n.  A  com- 
mentator. 


l:a  =  final;    1  =  habit:    aisle;    au  =  o«t;    ell;    10  =  feud;    dhin;    go;    rj  =  siri0;    Chin,   this.  anlgh 

41     2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this,     antagonize 


an-nounee',  1  a-nauns';  2  a-nounc',  vt.  [an-nounced'1; 
an-nounc'ing.]  To  give  intelligence  of;  proclaim;  de- 
clare.   [  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  nuntius,  messenger.] 

Syn.:  advertise,  communicate,  declare,  enunciate,  give 
notice  of,  give  out,  herald,  make  known,  notify,  proclaim, 
promulgate,  propound,  publish,  report,  reveal,  speak.  An- 
nounce is  chiefly  anticipatory;  we  announce  a  book  when  it  is 
in  press,  a  guest  when  he  arrives.  We  advertise  our  business, 
communicate  our  intentions,  enunciate  our  views;  we  notify 
an  individual  of  a  matter,  give  notice  of  a  matter  to  the  pub- 
lic. We  -propound  a  question  or  an  argument,  promulgate 
the  views  of  a  sect  or  party,  or  the  decision  of  a  court,  etc. 
We  report  an  interview,  repeal  a  secret,  herald  the  coming  of 
some  distinguished  person  or  great  event.  Declare  has  often 
an  authoritative  force;  to  declare  war  is  to  cause  war  to  be. 
We  declare  war,  proclaim  peace.  We  announce  a  book  that 
is  to  be  published. — Ant.:  bury,  conceal,  cover  (up),  hide, 
hush,  keep  back,  keep  secret,  secrete,  suppress,  withhold. — 
Prep.:  The  event  was  announced  to  the  family  by  telegraph. 
— an-nounce'ment,  n.  The  act  of  announcing;  pub- 
lication; declaration. 

an-noy',  1  a-nei';  2  a-noy',  vt.  To  be  troublesome  to; 
worry;  bother;  irritate. 

Syn.:  see  affront. — an-noy  'ing,  pa.  Vexatious;  trouble- 
some.   Syn.:  see  troublesome. — an-noy 'ing-ly,  adv. 

an-noy',  n.    [Archaic  or  Poet.]    Annoyance.    [<  OF.  anoi, 

<  L.  in  odio,  in  hatred;  see  odium.) 

an-noy  'ance,  1  a-nei'ans;  2  a-D6y'anc,  n.  The  act  of  an- 
noying or  that  which  annoys;  the  state  of  mind  of  one 
who  is  annoyed.    Syn.:  see  abomination. 

an'nu-al,  1  an'yu-al;  2  an'yu-al.  I.  a.  1.  Returning  or 
occurring  every  year.  2.  Pertaining  to  the  year;  reck- 
oned by  the  year.  3.  Lasting  only  one  year.  II.  n.  1. 
A  book  or  pamphlet  issued  once  a  year.  2.  A  plant  or 
other  organism  living  but  for  a  single  year  or  season. 
[<  L.  annus,  year.] — an'nu-al-ly,  adv.  Year  by  year; 
yearly. 

an-nu'i-ty,  1  a-niu'i-ti;  2  a-nu'i-ty,  n.  [-tiesz,  pi.]  An 
annual  allowance  or  income.  [  <  L.F  antius,  year.] — 
an-nu'i-tant,  n.  One  receiving,  or  entitled  to  receive,  an 
annuity. 

an-nul',  1  a-nul';  2  a-nuT,  vt.  Ian-nulled',  -nuld'8;  an- 
nulling.] To  destroy  the  force  of;  render  or  declare 
void;  nullify;  abolish.  [<  L.OF  ad,  to,  +  nullus,  none.] 
Syn.:  abolish,  abrogate,  cancel,  destroy,  extinguish,  make 
void,  nullify,  obliterate,  quash,  repeal,  rescind,  revoke,  set 
aside.  See  abolish;  cancel. — Ant.:  confirm,  enact,  estab- 
lish, institute,  maintain,  sustain,  uphold,  preserve. 
— an-nul 'la-bl(ep,  a. — an-nul 'ment,  n. 

an'nu-lar,  1  an'yu-lar;  2  an'yu-lar,  a.  Pertaining  to  or 
formed  like  a  ring;  ring-shaped;  marked  with  rings.  [  < 
L.  anmdus,  dim.  of  anus,  ring.] — an'nu-la-ry,  a.  Orna- 
mented with  a  ring,  as  a  finger.  — an 'nu-Iate,  a.  Furnished 
with  rings;  ringed,    an'nu-laf'edt. 

an"nu-la'tion,  1  an'yu-le'slian;  2  an"yu-la'shon,  n.  The  act 
of  forming  rings,  or  a  ring-like  formation. 

an'nu-let,  1  an'yu-let;  2  an'yu-let,  n.  1.  A  small  ring.  2.  A 
small  projecting  molding.  [<  L.  anmdus,  dim.  of  anus,  ring.] 

an  'nu-lose,  1  an'yu-los;  2  an'yu-los,  a.    Ringed. 

an'nu-lus,  1  an'yu-lus;  2  an'yu-lus,  n.  A  ring-like  body  or 
figure.    [L.]  [year.    [L.] 

an  'n ii in,  1  an'um;  2  an'iim,  n.    Year. — per  annum,  by  the 

aii-nun'ci-ate,  )  1   a-nun'slii-[»r  -si-]et;  2  a-nun'shi-[or 

an-nun'ti-ate,  >  -ci-]at,  vt.  [-AT"EDd;-AT"mr,.]  To  make 
known;  announce.  [  <  L.  annuntio,  announce.] — an- 
nun"cl-a'tion,  n.  1.  The  act  of  announcing,  or  that 
which  is  announced;  a  proclamation.  2.  (1)  The  announce- 
ment by  the  angel  to  the  Virgin.  Luke  i,  28-38.  (2)  [A-] 
The  festival  (March  25)  commemorating  this  event. — an- 
nun'cl-a-tlv(eB,  a.— an-nun'cl-a"tor,  n.  A  person  or 
thing  that  announces;  a  device  for  showing  a  number  or 
name  when  a  bell  is  rung. 

an'o-,  1  an'o-;  2  an'o-,  prefix.    Upward.    [  <  Gr.  and,  upward, 

<  ann,  up.]  [an  anode. 
an'o-dal,  1  an'6-dal;  2  an'o-dal,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
an 'ode,  1  an'od;  2  an'od,  n.  Physics.  The  positive  ter- 
minal in  a  conducting  circuit,  that  connected  to  the 
carbon  plate  in  a  galvanic  battery:  opposed  to  cathode. 
[<  Gr.  anodos,  way  up,  <  ana,  up,  +  liodos,  way.] — an- 
od 'lc,  a. 

an'o-dyne,  1  an'o-doin;  2  Sn'o-dyn.  I.  a.  Having  power 
to  allay  pain;  soothing.  II.  n.  Anything  that  relieves 
pain,  calms,  soothes,  or  comforts;  an  opiate.  [<  (lr. 
an-  prlv.  +  odyne,  pain] 

a-noint''1,  1  anoint,';  2  a-noint',  vt.  To  put  or  pour  oil 
upon,  especially  in  sign  of  consecration;  consecrate. 
[<  Li."'  in,  on, +  vngo, smear.]—  a-nolnt'er,  n. — a-noinC- 
nient,  n. 

a-nom'a-lous,  1  a-nem's-lus;  2  a-nSm'a-lus,  a,    1  levial 
ing  from  the  common  rule;  irregular;  exceptional;  ab- 
normal.    [  <  Gr.  an-,  not,  +  homalos,  even,   <;  homos, 


a'-noni  'a- 


same.]    Syn.:   see   absurd;   irregular;   odd.- 
lous-ly,  adv.— a-nom'a-lous-ness,  n. 

a-nom'a-ly,  1  a-nem'a-h;  2  a-nom'a-ly,  n.  [-liesz,  pi.) 
Deviation  from  rule,  type,  or  form;  irregularity;  any- 
thing abnormal. — a-nom'a-lism,  n.— a-nonr'a-lis'- 
tio,  a.    a-nom"a-lls'tl-ealt. 

a-non',  1  a-nen';  2  a-non',  adv.  1.  In  a  little  while;  soon; 
presently;  immediately.  2.  At  another  time;  again. 
[  <  AS.  on  an,  in  one.] 

Anon.,  abbr.    Anonymous. 

an'o-nym,  1  an'o-nim;  2  an'o-nym,  n.  1.  An  anonymous 
person  or  writer.    2.  A  pseudonym. 

a-non 'y-mous,  1  a-nen'i-mus;  2  a-n6n'y-mus,  a.  Hav- 
ing no  acknowledged  name;  bearing  no  name;  of  un- 
known authorship  or  agency.  [  <  Gr.  an-  priv.  + 
onyma,  name.]    -ly,  adv.   -ness,  n. — an"o-nym'i-ty,  n. 

A-noph'e-les,  1  a-nef'i-liz;  2  a-n&f'e-leg,  n.  Entom.  A 
genus  of  mosquitoes  of  the  family  Culicidse;  also  [a-],  a 
mosquito  of  this  genus.  Mosquitoes  of  this  genus  infect 
man  with  the  malarial  parasite  by  their  bites. 

an-oth'er,  1  an-uth'ar;  2  an-6th'er,  a.  &  pron.  Not  the 
same;  distinct;  different;  one  more. 

ans.,  abbr.    Answer. 

an'sat-edj,  1  an'set-ed;2  an'sat-ed,  a.  Having  a  handle.  [< 
L.  ansa,  handle.]    an'satef. 

An'selm,  1  an'selm;  2  an'selm,  Saint  (1033-1109).  An  Ital- 
ian ecclesiastic;  archbishop  of  Canterbury. 

an'ser-ln(e»,  1  an'sar-in;  2  an'3§r-In,  a.  Pertaining  to  a 
goose;  goose-like,  as  the  human  skin  when  chilled;  like  a 
goose;  silly.    [  <  L.  anser,  a  goose.] 

an'swer,  1  on'sar;  2  an'ser,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  speak  or  act  in 
response  to;  reply;  acknowledge;  obey;  retaliate.  2.  To 
make  or  be  a  sufficient  reply  to;  controvert.  3.  To 
solve,  as  a  riddle.  4.  To  be  sufficient  for.  5.  To 
atone  for;  expiate.  6.  To  correspond  to;  respond  to 
reciprocally.  7.  To  grant  (a  petition) ;  reply  favorably 
to  (a  petitioner).  II.  i.  1.  To  reply  or  respond.  2.  To 
speak  or  act  in  response  to  a  call  or  action.  3.  To  meet 
a  want;  be  sufficient.  4.  To  be  responsible;  atone;  pay. 
5.  To  correspond.  [  <  AS.  and-,  against,  +  swerian, 
swear.] 

an'swer,  n.  1.  A  reply  or  response,  especially  one  that  is 
adequate  and  final.  2.  Any  action  in  return  or  in  kind; 
retaliation.     3.  A  correct  solution. 

Syn.:  rejoinder,  repartee,  reply,  response,  retort.  Any- 
thing said  or  done  in  return  for  some  word,  action,  or  sug- 
gestion of  another  may  be  called  an  answer,  as  the  blow  of 
an  enraged  man,  the  whinny  of  a  horse,  the  howling  of  the 
wind,  the  movement  of  a  bolt  in  a  lock,  an  echo,  etc.  A 
reply  is  an  unfolding,  and  ordinarily  Implies  thought  and  in- 
telligence. An  answer  to  a  charge  or  an  argument  effectu- 
ally meets  or  disposes  of  it,  as  a  reply  may  not  do;  we  may 
say,  "This  reply  is  not  an  answer."     See  response. 

— an'swer-a-bl(ep,  a.  1.  Liable  to  be  called  to  account 
(for  anything  or  to  some  one) ;  responsible:  amenable.  2.  Re- 
quiring or  admitting  of  answer;  obligated  to  answer.  3.  Cor- 
responding; adequate;  suitable. — an'swer-a-bI(e-nessP,  n, 
— an'swer-a-bly,  adv. — an'swer-er,  n.   One  who  answers. 

ant,  1  ont;  2  ant,  n.  A  small  social  hymenopterous  in- 
sect; an  emmet. 

The  communities  of  ants  , 
are  made  up  of  winged 
males,  females  winged  till 
after  pairing,  and  wingless 
neuters  or  workers,  many 
species  showing  remark- 
able intelligence.  Their 
communal  nests  are  ordi- 
narily excavated  under  ground,  or  In  the  case  of  some  spe- 
cies are  made  In  mounds  or  hills  raised  above  the  ground, 
often  to  a  considerable  height.  [Contr.  <  AS.  tmete.) — 
ant'sbear",  n.    The  great  ant-eater;  also,  the  aardvark. 

ant-,  prefix.    Against,  etc.    See  anti-. 

•ant,  suffix.  1.  In  the  act  or  process  of  doing  (what  Is  denoted 
by  the  stem) :  used  to  form  adjectives  with  nearly  the  mean- 
ing of  the  ppr. ;  as,  militant,  litigant,  etc.  2.  One  who  does 
(what  is  Indicated  by  tho  stem) :  forming  nouns  of  adjectival 
origin;  as,  servant,  one  who  serves.  [<  L.  -an(.t-)s,  -cn(t-)s, 
ppr.  suffix] 

ant.,  abbr.    Antiquarian,  antonym. 

ant-ae'ld,  1  ant-as'id;  2  ant-ae'ld,  n.  An  alkaline  remedy  for 
stomach  acidity.    [<  ant- +  acid.]    an"tl<ac'ld}. 

An- tie 'us,  1  an-tl'us;  2  an-te'us,  n.  Gr.  Myth.  A  wrestler. 
Invincible  while  In  contact  with  the  earth;  crushed  by  Her- 
cules, who  lifted  him  Into  the  air. 

an-tag'o-nlze,  )  1     an-tag'o-naiz;     2     itn-tag'o-nlz,     v. 

an-l:iK'o-nlsc,  H-nized;  -niz"ino.]  I.  t.  To  oppose, 
contend  with,  or  struggle  against;  counteract;  neutral- 
ize, offset,,  or  check.  II.  i.  To  be  or  act,  in  antagonism. 
[<  Or.  anti.  against,  +  agonizomnl,  contend,  strive.] 

S.vn.:  see  contf.nd.—  an-tag'o-nlsm,  n.  Mutual  resis- 
tance; opposition;  hostility.    Syn.:  see  antipathy;  enmity. 


Male, 


Red  Ant. 

2.  Fomalo.    3.  Worke 


.inl.iUI. 
tn(li|i"' 


I  i  ■•  eft;   n»t,»r;   full,  rule;   lull,  I'Oni; 

i  ii  .  By.fi  i     i         i  I      i" .  kA.  not.  Or,  »6n.        42 


n       -ill.   II 

i«-ni>  ii-.  il 

-Ml-     ll-«  il-lv  . 


Ill     I. 

.111! 

»tl"<« 


an- 
il      ■  -iii- 

I 

• 

•  lining  to 

.iii     |  v 

ml  ir.  i '.    ili.li.         Imaginary 
'    iiii  llir 

1 1  in.  ii  i .  irround- 

n  points 
\    ..i  .  in.  i  w lttiin 

.    n  ttir  antarctic  eon- 
BS,  nnlr- 

betore  \ 
\  mammal  that 


I  iii 


Ant-cater.      '    > 
ante,  before.    +   ((do. 


in   i.  -•     '     .  Id':  2 

prec  ;■).  < 

.in   ii  -i  i   .!■  in .  ;  Going 

Dg,   former.   Introductory, 
peer-  prior.     \\  hen 

refer  lo  that 

-.  •■  ri'.iA  IOI  B. 

quent, 

in    i.  -i  .  'dent-lj 

.mil  -i  i    i|i  ni.  1 .  'dea  or 

.'.   I  he  ni  mn  or  phrase  t.»  which  a  pronoun, 

3.   pi.      Tl 

re  in  the  history  of  a  per- 

1.  first  term  of  a  ratio;  in  a  propor- 

S»t.  I  m  -an"te-ce'dence,  n.   an"- 

dcn-c>:. 

•r:  2  an'te-ces'or.  n.     One  who 
precc!  '  re:  a  leader;  pioneer.    [I..] 

an  i.  -i  h  mi   ii.  r.  l  an'ti-chem*bar;  2  an'te-cham*beT,  n. 
rn  serving  as  an  entranceway  to  another  apart- 

■■*lll  slSjtCI  -hit,  rf.      [-DAT*EDd;  -DAT*- 

1.  .       ■  -.■••    a  date  earlier  than  the  actual  one; 
date  back.     %.  To  be  or  occur  earlier  than  (something 

an"te-dl-lu'tl-an,  1  an"ti-di-liO'vi-&n;  2  an"te-di-lu'vi- 

an.    L  events,  etc.,  before 

II.  n      A  person,  ani- 

Qood;  an  old  or  old* 

faah:  -   +  L.  diluvium,  deluge.] 

.in  ii-|..|,.  .  H-ldp;  2  "» ti'r 

/•I,     etc.      [  < 

:in  animal  ] 
an"t<—  me-rld'l-an,    1   an'ti-mi-rid'i- 
•..  a.     Before 
nof>r.  midnight    and    the 

ant'Y-iii'l    i<  .  Mitelopc.     '/»» 

I .  aying  or  prevent- 

ing ^  ll.  dy  used  to  allay  or  prevent 

an"te-mun'danc,  1  sn^nwmon'den;  3  an^te-mttn'dan,  a. 

I.  or   occurring   before    the 

.'  ■ 

an"te-na't.il.  a.    Occurring 

ditions  before 

•  'a,  n.    [-KM,  1  -I;  2  -<".  pi] 

I .  • :  ..ri<-  of  the 

:.  wire,  upheld  in  a  vertical 

for  transmit- 

-  telegraphy. 

-  iria,  up.  -  uln/i,  stretch. 1 


in  i.-nti|i  Hal,  a     Previous  to  marriage;  occurring  or  bslng 

in  i.  -sii 'chali  i  fore  the 

sn'te-past,  n      I.  |  trehalc  or  Poel  I 

11  .    \u  •ipi"  II;.  r       |         i\  l  l        •!      pa   III    .  (.....I  I 

Sill     see  ANTICIPATION       ail"lr-|i«— null  ',  H       I  'lie  tesl  nyl- 

,  word      an'tr-pe-niil'll-iim;.      »n"te- 

ii. -mil  ii-in.iti'.  i.       Pertainli  but  two  of  any 

ii  i    ■  antepenult      en"te»pran'dt-al,  d    f> 

curring  or  being  before  dinner 
ui-te  'rl-nr.   1    ,      ■  i       I.    \m.  .  .  .1.  ni 

in  time;  prior;  earlier     2.  Farther  fr..nt  m  forward  In 
situated  at  or  turned  to  the  fronl     [L.,  *    onto, 
before  ] 

f..riniT.  forward,  front,  prior  Anterior  Is  employed 
chiefly  wiih  reference  to  place  PrUn  boars  exoluslve  refer- 
snoe  io  tuna  yursu r  Is  used  of  tune,  or  of  position  In  writ- 
ten or  printed  matter,  not  of  space  In  general  Compare 
kimcBDBNT;  prbvious  Ant.:  after,  hind,  binder,  hind- 
most,  later,    latter,    posterior,   subsequent,   succeeding. — 

:»n-le'rl-or-l),  ad*. 

an'tc-riMMii,  l  an'tt-rflm;  L'  an'te-rdomi  n.    A  waiting- 

room ;  antechamber, 
en 'te- type",  n     \  preceding  type;  prototype, 
audi.,  boot     Antnoli 
unt"hcl-mlii 'llilc,   1   anriiol-niin'tluk;  2  ant"hM-mtn'- 

thie.     Med     I.  <i   Tending  to  expel  intestinal  worms. 

II.      A. vermifuge.    [  <  ant-  -f- Or. Asf mine (AefmirUA-), 

worm  |    aiiCliel-mln'tlr;. 
an 'them,  1  an'fhem;  2  an'them.    I.  rf.  (Poet.)  To  oele- 

brate  with,  or  sing  as,  an  anthem.    II.  n.    1.  A  musioal 

Composition,  usually  Ml  to  Words  from  the  Bible       -.    \ 

joyous  or  triumphal  souk  or  hymn,  or  the  music  to  which 

ii  is  s.t.     |<  nr  *****  rtfih'i  ngmnnti -t-  pAonJ,  voice.] 
an'ther,  1  an'lhor;  2  an'ther.  n      /int.     The  pollen-bear- 

inc  part  of  a  stamen.     I  <  Gr   anthoB,  flower  ] 
an'tbo-,  1  an'tho-;  2  an'tho-.    From  Greek  ontASf,  flower:  a 

romtilnlng  form.  —  an '(hold,  a.     I.Ike  a  flower,    [-f-oinl 
an-t hol'o-ir) ,  1  an-fhel'o-ji;  2  an-thol'o-Ky,  n.     [-oies^, 

pi.]     A   DOueetaon   of  choice  literary  extracts,  usually 

fioetie.  (<  (!r.  OflfAoS,  floWBT,  +  Injo,  gather.]  — an''- 
ho-log'l-cal,  a.-  an-thol'o-glst,  n, 

An'thon,  1  an'lhan;  2  an'thon.  Charles  (1707-1867).  An 
American  classical  scholar. 

An'thn-ny,  1  an'to-ni;  2  an'to-ny.  Saint  (261-3(6?)  One 
of  the  Christian  Fathers;  founder  of  monastic  life;  born  In 
Egypt. 

an-thoph'o-rous,  a.  Bol.  Flowcr-bearlnR.  [<  antho-  4- 
Gr.  pherO.  bear.l— An"tho-zo'a,  n.  pi.  A  class  of  crrlen- 
terates.  Including  the  sea-anemones  and  corals:  the  polyps. 
[+  Or.  zOon,  life.]  —  an"tho-zo'an,  a.  &  n.  —  an"tho-io'lc, 
a. — an"tho-io'old,  n.  An  Individual  polyp  In  a  compound 
colony.    [  4-  Or.  zOon,  life.  +  -oin.]— an"tho-xo'on.  n. 

an'thra-clte,  1  an'thro-sait;  2  an'thra-cit,  n.  Mineral 
coal  of  nearly  pure  carbon;  hard  coal.  [  <  Gr.  anthrax, 
coal.]— an"thra-clt'lc.  a. 

an'thrax,  1  an'fhraks;2an'thrak8,  n.  [an'thra-ces1,  pi] 
t.  Pathol.  (1)  A  carbuncle.  (2)  A  contagious  and  malig- 
nant febrile  disease  of  man  and  some  animals,  often 
with  carbuncular  swellings;  splenic  fever.  2.  A  bac- 
terium found  in  the  blood  of  those  affected  with  splenic 
fever,  8.  A  gem^stone  of  the  ancients:  probably  the 
carbuncle.     [<  Gr.  anthrax,  coal,  ulcer.] 

anthrop..  nhhr.    Anthropological,  anthropology. 

an'thro-po-,  1  an'lhro-po-:  2  an'thro-po-.  From  flreek  nn- 
thropos.  man:  a  combining  form  signifying  of,  pertaining  to, 
or  like  man;  human. 

an'thro-poid,  1  an'fhro-poid;  2  an'thro-poid.  I.  a. 
Somewhat  like  a  human  being  in  form;  manlike;  said  of 
the  highest  apes,  as  the  gorilla  and  chimpanzee.  II.  n. 
An  anthropoid  ape.    [  <  Gr.  anthropos,  man,  -f  -oid.] 

arT'tiirn-poro-gy,  1  an'fbxo-pel'o-ji;  2  an'tnro-p81'o-gy, 
n.  [-GIES1,  pi.]  1.  The  science  of  man  in  general;  the 
seienies  of  man.  "i.  Nal  Sri  The  science  of  the  physical 
facts  concerning  man  and  his  development  and  history. 
<  c,T.  anthrOpo  .  man,  +  -OLOOT,  suftlx.]— an"thro-po- 
log'l-cal,  a  Pertaining  to  anthropology  or  to  man.  an"- 
thro-pO-IOS;1et.  an"thro-pol'o-glst,  n.  A  student  of 
or  specialist  In  anthropology. 

an"thro-pom'e-try,  1  an'fhro-pom'i-tn;  2  an'thro-pom'e- 
try.  n.     The  measurement  of  the  human  body.     [<   an- 

THBOPO-  +  -METRY.) 

an"thro-p<»-mor'plilsm,  1  an"fhro-po-m6r'fizm;  2  5n"- 
thro-ji..-r:1or'fI:m,  n.  Thtol.  The  ascription  of  human 
attributes,  feelings,  conduct,  or  characteristic*  to  God 
y  spiritual  being,  or  to  the  powers  of  nature,  etc. — 
an"triro-po-mor'phlc,  '/.  of  or  pertaining  to  anthropo- 
morphlsm;  having  human  form  or  human  characteristics; 
an"thro-po-mor'phlst,  n.  an"thro-po- 
mor'phlte.  I. a.  Pertaining  to  anthropomorphism.  II.  n. 
An  anthropomorphtst.— an"thro-po-mor'phlze,  n.A.  rt.— 
an"thro-po-mor'pbous,  a.    Having  or  resembling  human 


1:»  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    OU  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    <<hin;    go;    13 -sing;    Chin,   this.        antalgic 
43        2:wplf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,  burn;  611,  b&y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.        antique 


form.  [  <  Gr.  anlhrdpomorphos,  <  anthropos,  man,  +  morphi, 
form.] 

an"thro-poph'a-gl,  re.  pi.  Eaters  of  human  flesh;  cannibals. 
[<  ANTHROPO-  +  Gr.  phagcin,  eat.] — an"thro-poph'a- 
glst,  re. — an"thro-poph'a-gous,  a.  Cannibalistic. — an"- 
thro-popta'a-gy,  n.  Cannibalism. — an"thro-po-zo'ic,  a. 
Characterized  by  the  existence  of  man:  applied  to  the 
Quaternary  period.    [+  Gr.  zbon,  life.] 

an'ti-,  1  an'ti-;  2  an'ti-,  prefix.  Against;  opposed  to;  op- 
posite to;  corresponding  to;  in  return  for;  instead  of; 
equal  to;  like;  mutually:  a  Greek  preposition  with  the 
above  meanings  in  words  taken  unchanged  from  the 
Greek:  used  as  an  English  formative  with  the  meaning 
of  against,  opposed  to,  or  opposite  to;  changed  to  ant- 
before  a  vowel,  and  to  anth-  before  the  aspirate  in  words 
of  Greek  formation  or  analogy.     [  <  Gr.  anti,  against.] 

an  'tl=alr"craft,  a.     Opposed  to  or  directed  against  aircraft. 

an 'tic,  1  an'tik;  2  an'tic.  I.  a.  1.  Odd;  fantastic;  ludi- 
crous; incongruous.  2|.  Antique.  II.  n.  1.  A  prank; 
caper.  2.  A  clown;  buffoon.  3.  A  grotesque  figure  or 
play.    [<  L.f  antiq uus,  ancient.] — an'tlc-ly,  adv. 

an"ti-cath'ode,  re.  In  a  vacuum=tube,  the  end  opposite  the 
cathode. 

An'ti-christ,  1  an'ti-kraist;  2  an'ti-crist,  n.  An  enemy 
of  Christ;  a  false  Christ. — an"ti-chris'tian,  a.  Op- 
posed to  Christ  or  Christianity;  pertaining  to  Antichrist. 

an-tic'i-pant,  1  an-tis'i-pent;  2  an-tic'i-pant,  a.  Coming 
or  acting  in  advance;  anticipating;  expectant. — an- 
tic 'l-pant,  1 

an-tic'i-pate,  1  an-tis'i-pet;  2  an-tic'i-pat,  v.  [-PAT"EDd; 
-pat"ing]  \.  t.  1.  To  look  forward  to;  foresee;  expect. 
2.  To  act  sooner  than;  forestall;  prevent;  foresee  and 
fulfil  beforehand;  do,  take,  or  use  beforehand;  foretaste. 
II.  i.  To  do  or  consider  something  before  the  usual  or 
proper  time;  cherish  anticipation.  [<  L.  ante,  before, 
+  caplo,  take.] 

Syn.:  abide,  apprehend,  expect,  forecast,  foretaste,  hope, 
look  forward  to.  We  expect  that  which  we  have  good  reason 
to  believe  will  happen;  as,  a  boy  expects  to  grow  to  manhood. 
We  hope  for  that  which  we  much  desire  and  somewhat  expect. 
We  apprehend  what  we  both  expect  and  fear.  Anticipate  is 
commonly  used  now,  like  foretaste,  of  that  which  we  expect 
both  with  confidence  and  pleasure.  In  this  use  it  is  a 
stronger  word  than  hope;  I  hope  for  a  visit  from  my  friend, 
tho  I  have  no  word  from  him;  I  expect  it  when  he  writes 
that  he  is  coming;  and  as  the  time  draws  near  I  anticipate  it 
with  pleasure.  Compare  abide;  prevent. — Ant.:  despair 
of,  distrust,  doubt,  dread,  fear,  recall,  recollect,  remember. 
— an-tlc'l-pa-tlv(e»,  a. — an-tlc'I-pa-tlv(e-lys,  adv. — 
an-tlc'1-pa-tor,  n. — an-tlc'1-pa-to-rl-ly,  adv. — an-tlc'I- 
pa-to-ry,  a. 

an-tic"i-pa'tion,  n.  The  act  of  anticipating,  in  any 
sense;  especially  a  foreseeing  or  foretaste;  expectation. 
Syn.:  antepast,  apprehension,  expectancy,  expectation, 
foreboding,  forecast,  foresight,  foretaste,  forethought,  hope, 
presentiment,  prevision.  Expectation  may  be  either  of  good 
or  evil;  presentiment  almost  always,  apprehension  and  fore- 
boding always,  of  evil;  anticipation  and  antepast,  commonly 
of  good.  Thus,  we  speak  of  the  pleasures  of  anticipation. 
A  foretaste  may  be  of  good  or  evil,  and  is  more  than  imagi- 
nary; it  is  a  part  actually  received  in  advance.  Foresight 
and  forethought  prevent  future  evil  and  secure  future  good 
by  timely  looking  forward,  and  acting  upon  what  is  foreseen. 
Compare  anticipate. — Ant.:  astonishment,  consummation, 
despair,  doubt,  dread,  enjoyment,  fear,  realization,  sur- 
prize, wonder. 

an"tl-cler'l-cal,  a.  Opposed  to  clerical  influence;  specif.,  in 
European  politics,  opposed  to  the  Roman  Catholic  Church. 

an"ti-cll'max,  1  an"ti-klai'maks;  2  an"ti-cli'maks,  n.  1. 
Rhet  A  gradual  or  sudden  decrease  in  the  importance  or 
impressiveness  of  what  is  said:  the  opposite  of  climax.  2. 
Any  sudden  descent  or  fall  contrasted  with  a  previousriso. 

an"tl-cll'nal,  a.  Geol.  Forming  a  bend  with  the  convex  side 
upward.  [<  anti-  +  Gr.  kltno,  slope.]  an"tl-clln'h,J ; 
,tn"tl-<  lln'l-i  m|i  . — an'tl-cy"rloiie,  n.  Meteorol.  An  at- 
mospheric condition  of  high  central  pressure,  with  currents 
flowing  outward. — an"tl-«,y-clon 'lc,  a.  1.  Of  or  pertaining 
to  an  anticyclone.  2.  Opposed  to  the  cyclonic  theory  in 
meteorology. 

an'ti-dote,  1  an'ti-dot;  2  &n'ti-dot,  n.  Anything  that 
will  counteract  or  remove  the  effects  of  poison,  disease, 
or  any  evil.  [  <  Gr.  anlidoton,  <  anti,  against,  + 
dlduml,  give.]  — an'tl-do"tal,  a.  Having  the  nature  or 
effect  of  an  antidote;  pertaining  to  antidotes. 

An-tle'tam  Creek,  1  an-u'tam;  2  an-ti'tam.  A  stream  in 
Pennsylvania  and  Maryland;  McClellau  defeated  Lee, 
Sept.  16  and  17,  1862. 

an"tl-feb'rll(es,  a.  &  n.    Antipyretic. 

An-tlg'o-ne,  1  an-tlg'o-ni;  2  an-tlg'o-ne,  n.  Or.  Myth. 
Daughter  of  CEdlpus;  heroine  of  tragedies  by  Sophocles  and 
Euripides;  an  exemplar  of  filial  and  sisterly  devotion. 


An-tl'gua,  1  an-ti'ga  or  -gwa;  2  an-ti'ga  or  -gwa,  n.  One  of 
the  Leeward  Islands,  British  West  Indies;  108  sq.  m.;  pop. 
31,500. 

an  'tl-he"llx,  n.  The  rounded  ring  on  the  cartilage  of  the  ear. 
— an"tl=iin-pe'ri-al-Ism,  n.  The  act  of  opposing  im- 
perialism. 

An-til'les,  1  an-til'Iz;  2  an-til'c§,  n.  The  West  India  Islands, 
except  the  Bahamas. — An"til-8e'an,  a. 

an-tll'o-gy,  n.  [-giesz,  pi.]  Inconsistency  in  terms  or  ideas; 
self=contradiction.    [  <  anti-  +  -logy.] 

an"tl-ma-cas'sar,  1  an"ti-ma-kas'ar;  2  an'ti-rna-cas'ar,  re. 
A  covering  to  prevent  the  soiling  of  the  backs  of  chairs  or 
sofas  by  contact  with  the  hair;  a  tidy.  [<  anti-  +  Macassar 
(oil).]  [mo-nar'clil-c:;!t. 

an"ti-iiio-nar'»lilc.  a.     Opposed  to  monarchism.     au"tl- 

an'ti-mo-ny,  1  an'ti-mo-m ;  2  an'ti-mo-ny,  n.  A  silver* 
white,  hard,  crystalline,  metallic  element  used  in  chem- 
istry, medicine,  and  in  the  arts.  See  element.  [  <  LL. 
antimonium,  antimony.] — an"ti-mo'ni-al.  I.  a.  Of  or  con- 
taining antimony.    II.  n.  An  antimonial  medicine. 

an"ti-no'mi-an,  1  an"ti-no'mi-an;  2  an"ti-no'mi-an,  n. 
One  holding  that  faith  frees  the  Christian  from  the  ob- 
ligations of  the  moral  law:  used  also  adjectivally.  [< 
Gr.  anti,  against,  +  nomos,  law.] — an"ti-no'ml-aii-lsm,  n. 

an-tin'O-my,  1  an-tin'o-mi;  2  an-tin'o-my,  n.  [-miesz, 
pi.]  Self=contradiction  in  a  law;  opposition  of  one  law 
or  rule  to  another;  irreconcilability  of  seemingly  neces- 
sary conclusions;  paradox.  [<  Gr.  anti,  against,  -f- 
nomos,  law.] 

An'tl-och,  1  an'ti-ek;  2  an'ti-6c,  re.  Bib.  1.  A  city;  former 
capital  of  Syria.    2.  A  city  of  Pisidia,  S.  Asia  Minor. 

An-ti'o-chus, lan-tai'o-kus;2an-ti'o-eus,  re.  Bib.  (Apoc).  1. 
Eplphanes,  king  of  Syria  (175-164  B.  C).  2.  A.  "The 
Great"  (223-187  B.C.),  king  of  Syria,  Babylonia,  Medea,  etc. 

an-tip'a-thy,  1  an-tip'e-fhi;  2  an-tip'a-thy,  n.  [-thiesz, 
pi.]  An  instinctive  feeling  of  aversion  or  dislike,  or  that 
which  excites  it.  [<  Gr.  anti,  against,  +  pathos,  feeling.] 
Syn.:  abhorrence,  antagonism,  aversion,  detestation,  dis- 
gust, dislike,  distaste,  hatred,  hostility,  loathing,  opposition, 
repugnance,  uncongeniality.  Antipathy,  repugnance,  and 
uncongeniality  are  instinctive;  other  forms  of  dislike  may  be 
acquired  or  cherished  for  cause.  Compare  acrimony;  an- 
ger; hatred. — Ant.:  affinity,  agreement,  attraction,  con- 
geniality, harmony,  kindliness,  partiality,  predilection,  re- 
gard, sympathy. —  Prep.:  to. 

— an"tl-pa-thet'lc,  a.    Having  antipathy;  naturally  re- 
pugnant or  opposed.    an"tl-pa-thet'l-calt. 

an"ti-phIo-gis'tic.  I.  a.  Capable  of  reducing  inflam- 
mation.   II.  n.    A  remedy  for  inflammation. 

an'ti-phon,  1  an'ti-fon;  2  an'ti-fon.  re.  1.  A  response  or  alter- 
nation of  responses,  generally  musical.  2.  A  fitting  response 
or  answer.  [<  Gr.  ami,  against,  +  phone,  voice.] — an- 
tlph'o-nal,  a.  -ly,  adv.— an"tl-phon'ic,  a.  an"tl- 
plion'i-calj. — an-tiph'o-ny,  re.  [-niesz,  pl.\  Autiphonal 
music  or  discourse. 

an-tlph'ra-sls,  re.  [-sesz,  pi.]  The  use  of  a  word  or  phrase  in 
a  sense  opposite  to  Its  natural  meaning;  irony.  [  <  anti-  + 
Gr.  phrazo,  speak.] 

an-tip'o-des,  1  an-tip'o-dlz;  2  an-tlp'o-des.,  re.  sing.  &  pi. 
1.  A  place  or  region  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  earth,  or 
its  inhabitants;  any  person  or  thing  diametrically  op- 
posed to  another,  or  at  the  opposite  extreme  from 
another.  2.  Antithesis.  [<  Gr.  anti,  opposite,  4-  pous 
(pod-),  foot.] — an-tlp'o-dal,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  situated 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  earth.  2.  Diametrically  opposed. 
— an'tl-pode,  n.  1.  An  exact  opposite.  2.  One  of  the 
antipodes. 

an"tl-pole',  n.    The  opposite  pole. 

an'ti-pope,  re.  A  usurping  pope  or  one  not  canonically  elected. 
— an"tl-py-ret'lc\  Med.  l.n.  Preventive  or  allevlatlve  of 
fever.  II.  re.  A  medicine  to  allay  fever.  [<  ANTI-  +  pyretos, 
fever.] — an"tl-py'rln,  an"M-p.v'rlne,  re.  Chem.  A  white 
crystalline  compound  used  In  medicine  as  :m  nut  IpyretlC. 

Antlq.,  abbr.    Antiquarian,  antiquities,  antiquity. 

an"ti-qua'rl-an,  1  an"ti-kw<"'n-on;  2  an"ti-kwa'ii-.ui. 
I.  a.  Pertaining  to  antiquity  it  to  t  he  collecting  of  an- 
tiquities.   II.  re.    An  antiquary.  -an"tl-qua'rl-an-l8m,  n. 

an'tl-qua-ry,  1  an'ti-kwS-n;  2  &n'ti-kwa-ry,  ».    [-ribs*, 
pi.]     One. who  collects,  examines,  or  dials  in  ancient 
objects,  as  coins,  weapons,  etc.     [<   L.  antiquu 
antique,  a.] 

an'ti-quate,  1  an'ti-kwet;  2  ftn'ti-kwat,  \>t.  [-qttat*bd,,j 
-quat"ing.]  To  make  old  or  obsolete,  -an'tl-QUaf- 
ed,  pa.  1.  Out  of  date;  old'fashioned;  obsolete  '-.  Indent; 
superannuated.    Syn.:  see  ANCIENT;  intiqub. 

an-tique',  1  an-tlk';  2  an-tlk'.  I.  0  Ancient  in  faot  or 
in  style.  II.  n.  The  style  of  ancienl  ai  t .  or  an  example 
of  it;  the  facts  and  civilization  oi  antiquity  collectively. 
IF.,  <  L.anliquus,      ante,  before  1 

Syn.:  ancient,  antiquated,  old'fanhloned,  quaint,  super- 
annuated.   Antique  refers  to  an  ancient,  antiquated  to  a  din- 


ftnttaulf)         '    u  I  I        I  <V;    hit.  p.    I         0  ■"       »\  Ar;   full,  rule;  bfjt,  Iftrn; 


i  it  t lij ill  I  > 

((•■■I'll  i  sis 


,      x  •  >*>(.  All;  «i#.  set.  prfy,  I     i        I  >  .......  «6n.      44 


111    4  II.   1   nil   \  ll,  2  :'u. 

i..\     be 


block  ..i  ii.  i 

:■:    .    ..II,        ( 


..'llltl.il'. 

r-.--'  .    -  .    :..  -.'..-■     in  «     r..  .  i.t.  «!>  IL-.li. 

an-ilii  iii-i  \  . 

i  .    .  :.   \ 

.•ion.  ..r  anything  belong- 
itiejtMW, 

\n  ti  Hem  ii.-.  :    ■  t;  2  la*U«rfm1t,  i 

S<  mitee  or  Jews     aii"ll-><'iii  I- 
ti.r      an  ti  «••  in  i-ii-in.    .      Opposition  to  Hi.- 

r»rr 
■  n    (l-s.pn,.  iik:  2  'iii"ti-x"i''ti.-      I.  .1      Pre- 

-tl-cal}. 
II  .ui"ti- 

..  ■  ii-i  i«iii.  . 

mn"II-«U   nr->  .      I.  >  ';>ix«s<-»1  to  huni:in  Haven        II.    •. 

.  human  Mav.  --.       mn"tl — |-.i  —  in..<l  I. 
I  idle  affections. 

ii 
An-tU  th.-n.  -.  -        \  .  :r.-.-k 

•  ;r,    H.  .     ;    reputed  founder  of 

an-tl*  ir.-pli.  .  -  I. II.    The  lines  of  an  ode.  nil.  riKit- 

an-tllli  e-ds,  La  L'  .      ■  ' 

1  I  words  or  ideas  against 

ntrary;  a  strong  contrast, 
it   antt.  against.  +  tltfUmt.  place.]— an"tl-thet 'l-ral, 
.-•>  1     an"tl-thet  'le;. 
an-tl-thefl-ral-l>. 
»n"tl-to\  In.  1  2  &    -i    -,-u;.  n      Isub- 

the  living  tissues  of  a  plant  or  animal, 
duoed  by  hostile  bacteria. 
I,  poison,   <  toiltos,  of  the 
aii"tl-toi'lni-:.      aii"ll-toi'lc,  ft, 
soil- trade.    I.  n     i  toe  of  the  upper  alr-current3  In  the  trop- 
ics, i;  II.   i      i  if  ..r  per- 
taining to  su'-h  u  current      an-iii  '■■  giia,   .      i      conical 

,::..:..:..    be.';,  ic  1  the  olinlm:  of  the  >-ar.     [<   Or.  aulitrngn,, 

..  . 
an'tl-t>n<'.   1     .-.  •i-toip:  2  an'ti-typ,  n       That   which  a 
ui'il-l>"pal.  a.    an"tl-ljp'lr:;  an"tl- 
t>  p 'l-ral:. 
an"ll-i>  m 'lr.     I.    .  '  '  -mentation  or  of  con- 

liKlo:        II  :.. sly  UavliiK  this  property. 

ant'ler,  1  ant  I  ■-:  2  antler,  "-     A  deciduous  bony  out- 

r.     [  <  L.°*  ante,  be- 
-  ocului.  eye.)— ant'lered,  a. 
ant ''II "on,   1  unt'»lai"&n;  2  ant''U"on,  n.     1.  An  insect 

ise-like  larva, 
:md  other  in- 
ject- i  funnel'shapi.J  pitfall,  in 
-If,  with  only  i'  -  y.iv.  ~.  projecting.     2. 
..:'  lion,  half  ant 
\n  ';.-iil  'mi-                                    !  in'lo-nl'nus.  n.    One  of  two 
Marcus   Aurellus     121-U 
Plu- 
in't'^n).   1  an'to-nr.  2  an'to-n:,     Mark  I  B 
Roman  Keneral  and  triumvir.    See  Marx  Antom.    Marcus 
\  n '  ■•  tiiu~ : . 
an'to-nym,    1    an'to-nim;   2   an'to-nj-m,   n.      A    word 

•  "(?• 
\a  'tre.  lao  era.* 

tntwerp.  1  ant'-*  rp,  n      1.  A  provlm 

»q.  |  ii.     2.  Itscapfl  o   pop.  309,- 

bombarded  I  1914. 

A-nu'hl«,  1  a-nlQ'bis:  2  a-nQ'hK  n.    An  Egyptian  god;  Kuard- 
lan  of  tomtw  and  e  I  as  hav- 

ing the  hea  Bed  with  Mercury. 

\.  I'ra,  n.  pf.    An  order  of  amphibians 

•he  adult.  Including  the  frogs  and  toads. 
tall]     A-nou'ra:.     a-nu'ran, 
i  4i      a-nu  'run 
I'nu-.  .'nui.  n.    The  opening  at  the  lower  ex- 

tremity  of  the  alimentary  canal.    [  <  L.  anus,  ring.] 


AnvIL 

-•v.  h, 

I. .,.!.. 


u.    >  )  III        .n»)l.l.  • 
aiii-l  i'-l),    I     ,!      ai'l-li 

I  i  ii  -' .  ,-■.'  |    I.I  listurban i  mind  ro- 

Ii.  itous 

ingulsb,  apprehension,  care,  oon- 
=  m  bani  a    dn  ad,    I 
rretfu  fretting,    misgiving,     perplexity, 
■ollcltude,  trouble,  worry.    An  ■  ^..m.-  future 
ig    hopeful    possibility,  and    thus 
difierint;     from     appre/tention,  '.    foreboding, 
all  ..f  which  ma)   be  quite  despairing      In  matters 
within  our  reach,  iitvttiu  always  r- 1 1 1 ■•  the  i|iiostloo  whetbor 
somothlni)  can  not  be  done,  and  la  thus  ••  valuable  spur  to 
doiiik'.  foreboding,  dread,  eto„  oommonl)  Incapacitate  f..i  all 
helpful  thought  or  endeavor      H  orrt  la  .'  more  i"-" 
leas,  and  manifest  anxiety:  anxiety  ma)  be  qulei  and  iii.-ni ; 
\rvrr\i  la  communicated  to  all  around  I    <  milder 
arutiiv.    Fretting oi                   ;    :.  ».-.-.i.  oomplalnlng  with- 
out thought  of  »< m pllshlng  or  changing  anything,  but 

merely  as  a  relief  to  one's  own  d  often  In- 

volves nniiitu.  '"ii  may  be  quite  free  from  it      Ant :  apathy, 
inoe,  calmni  ■,  confidence    ease,  light* 

neartedness, nonchalance,  satisfaction,  tranquillity  l  -■  •  ;■ 
anxiety  for  a  friend'a  return;  anxiety  about,  for,  In  regard  i", 
the  future, 
anx'lous,  1  aiik'shn-: 2 ank'.-ho  ■  I.  [Youbled  in  miml 
reapectang  some  uncertain  matter.  ''.  Fraught  \wii.  ..r 
causina  anxiety;  worrying;  distresxing  .'I.  Intent;  ea- 
gerlj  ilicitoua      I-    L    anit'us, <  an^o,  dis- 

■   .1  B       -I) .  "'         -in--. 

an')-,  1  en'i;  2  to'y  I.  a  1.  One  person,  thing,  or  part) 
indefinitely  ana  indifferently;  a;  an;  some  'J.  come 
(individuals)  of  a  number,  olass,  or  total.     II. 

One  ..r  inor.-  persons,  things,  or  porti  Dum- 

ber.   III.  adv.    Borne  what;  in  the  least;  at  all.    |  <  AS. 
Snig.  one,  any  one.]    S.vn.:  see  i  \  i  m 

— an')-bod"),  pron.    I.  whatever;  an 

2.  [-BOD'iKsz, /./.]    Any  common  or  ordinar]  pet  on 

an'y-how",  adv.    In  any  way  whatever;  by 

any  means:  however  thai  may  be;  notwithstanding;  In  any 

an 'y- thing,  pro)      \  thing  or  matter  of 

•  i :  used  as  an  Indefinite  demonstrative  or  a  aubstan- 

an  'y-way,  .n/r.    I.  No  matter  «  bat  happens:  in  any 

event .  anyhow;  neverthel  '■!•  To 

any  degree  or  extent :  properly  written  as  tWO  words,     ail')- 

«a>s:.    an  'y-  where,  adv.    In  oral  any  place  whatever. — 
an'>-wl-.-.  inner. 

An'zar,  1  an'zak;  2  an'sae,  I.  a  Pertaining  to  tin- 
Australian  and  r/ew  Zealand  .-irmy  Corps  m  the  European 
War  of  1914.    II.  «      \  member  of  this  army  corps. 

A-o'nl-aii,  1  r-<Viii-;ui.  2  a-o'in-an.  a.    Or.  Myth.    Belonging 
\oiila,  a  dlstiici   m  andeni   Greece  Including  Mount 
Bellcon;  hence,  ol  or  pertaining  to  the  Muses. 

a'o-rist,  1  r'..-nst;  2  a'o-rlst,  a.     A  Greek  tense  simply 

expressing pasi  a. -non  without  further  limitation    ab 

brevlated  aor      [<  <  ;r.  aorUtot,   Indefinite,  <  a-  prlv. + 

•  ..v,  va.  of  horizo,  bound  I    a"o-rls'tle,  a.    1.  ReHtlng 

to  the  aortal  tens.-.    Z.  Indefinite;  undefined. 

a-or'ta,  1  e-eVta;  2a-6r/ta,  n.  |-n..  pi.]  The  greal  artery 
springing  from  the  left  ventnele  oi  the  heart  and  form- 
big  the  main  arterial  trunk.  [<Gr.a  .raise.] 
— a-or'tle,  a 

ap-1,  prtflz.     To:  assimilated  form  of  ad-.     See  ad-. 

ap-:,  ijtijii.     From:  form  of  apo-  before  a  vowel. 

aVp.tOOdr.     Apostle,  Applus,  April. 

a-pai-e',  1    ■  \--'    2  a-pac',  adv.     Rapidly;  fast,     [a-1.) 

A-parh'e,  1  s-pacn'i;  2  a-p&oh'a  u     l«  Oneol  a  fierce  tribe 

of  North-  American  Indians,     t.  [a-]  One  Of  a  hand  of  law- 

frequenting  the  streets  ..f  Parts  by  nlgnt . 
Kf/fm  gjo/ge>  1  ap*a-g6/ji;  2i.&p*a-g5/ge,  n,     1.  Math.  The 
proposition  already  demonstrated  to  prove 
anoti  ■'  abliahment  of  a  thesis  by  show- 

bsurd.    [<  < lr.  apaaigt .  abduc- 
tion, •    >i/">.  away,  +  ago.  drive.)  —  ap"a-K»K'l«'  or  -l-cal,  u. 
a-part',  1  ..-port':  2  a-part',  adv.    Separately;  aside;  by 

itself;  asunder     I  <  F.  ",  to,  +  pars,  part  | 
a-part 'nielli,  1  9-p6rt'men1  m  -marit;  2  a>part'ment,  n 
A  room  oi    uiti-  of  rooms.     K  L.» ad,  to.  +  partio, divide.] 
ap'a-tliy,  1  ap'8-£hi;2ap'a-thy,  n.    l-iiin-',  pi.)    Uuk 
of  f.-.-liii^'.  emotion,  or  sensation;  insensibility;  indiffer- 
[<  Gr  apaUu  ia,  <  a-  priv.    •   patho  .    u 
Syn.:  calmni  »,  composure.  Immobility,  Unpae  Ibllll    .  In- 
din.-r.  illlty,  lethargy,  phlegm,  qu 

tude,  Bluggtohneas,  .stillness,  stoicism,  tranqv 
cern,  unfeellngness.    Apathy,  according  to  lis  Creek  di  riva- 
tlon,  Is  a  simple  absence  of  feeling  or  emotion.    \\  bile  apathy 


1: a  =  final;    l =  hablU    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;     10  =  feud;    Cllin;    go;    n  =  sino;    fhin,    this.       antiquity 
45       2:  wolf,  do;    book,    boot;   full,    rule,    cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.       apophysis 


Is  want  of  feeling,  calmness  is  feeling  without  agitation. 
Composure  results  ordinarily  from  force  of  will,  or  from  per- 
fect confidence  in  one's  own  resources.  Indifference  is  a  want 
of  interest;  insensibility  is  a  want  of  feeling;  unconcern  has 
reference  to  consequences.  We  speak  of  insensibility  of 
heart,  immobility  of  countenance.  Stoicism  is  an  intentional 
suppression  of  feeling  and  deadening  of  sensibilities,  while 
apathy  Ls  involuntary.  Compare  calm;  rest;  stupor. — 
Ant.:  agitation,  alarm,  anxiety,  care,  distress,  disturbance, 
eagerness,  emotion,  excitement,  feeling,  frenzy,  fury,  pas- 
sion, sensibility,  sensitiveness,  storm,  susceptibility,  sym- 
pathy, turbulence,  vehemence,  violence. 

— ap"a-thet'ic,  a.  Without  emotion  or  feeling;  uncon- 
cerned; impassive;  stolid,  -i-calj.— ap"a-thet'i-cal-ly, adv. 

a-pay '  || ,  vl.    To  satisfy ;  repay. 

ape,  1  ep;  2  ap.  I.  vt.  [aped4;  ap'ing.]  To  imitate  ab- 
surdly or  slavishly;  mimic.  Syn.:  see  imitate. 
II.  n.  1.  An  Old  World  man=like  monkey,  as  a  chim- 
panzee; any  monkey.  2.  A  mimic.  [<  AS.  apa,  ape.] — 
ap'er-y,  n.  A  place  where  apes  are  kept;  a  collection  of 
apes;  mimicry. 

a- peak',  1  a-pik';  2  a-pek',  adv.  Naut.  In  or  nearly  in  a 
vertical  position,  as  an  anchor,  etc. 

a-peche't,  vt.    To  impeach.  [century. 

A-pel'les,  1  a-pel'iz;  2  a-pel'eg,  n.    A  Greek  painter  of  the  4th 

Ap'en-nlnes,  1  ap'e-nciinz;  2  ap'e-nins,  n.  pi.  A  mountain 
range  in  Italy;  9,585  ft. 

a-pe'ri-ent,  1  e-pl'n-ent;  2  a-pe'ri-gnt.  Med.  I.  a. 
Tending  mildly  to  stimulate  the  action  of  the  bowels; 
laxative.  II.  n.  A  gently  purgative  remedy.  [  <  L. 
aperio,  open,  <  a,  away,  +  pario,  get.]    a-per'i-tlv(e8t. 

ap'er-ture,  1  ap'ar-chur  or  -tiur;  2  ap'er-chur  or  -tur,  n. 
An  open  passage;  orifice;  hole;  cleft.  [<  L.  aperio;  see 
aperient.]    Syn.:  see  hole. 

— ap'er-tur-al,  a. — ap'er-tured,  a. 

a-pet'a-lous,  1  a-pet'a-lus;  2  a-peVa-ltis,  a.  Bot.  With- 
out petals ;  pertaining  to  the  A  petalse,  a  division  of  plants 
in  which  the  flowers  are  without  petals,    [a-14.] 

a'pex,  1  e'peks;  2  a'pgks,  n.  [a'pex-esz  or  ap'i-cesz,  pi.] 
The  highest  point;  tip;  top;  vertex  (of  an  angle).  [L., 
<  apo, fit.] — ap'l-cal,a. 

apta-,  prefix.    Same  as  apo-. 

aph.,  abbr.    Aphorism. 

a-pha'si-a,  1  a-fe'^i-a;  2  a-fa  zhi-a,  n.  Pathol.  Loss  or 
impairment  of  the  power  of  speech,  aph'a-syj. — 
a-pha'sic,  a.  &  n.    a-pna'si-act. 

a-phe'li-on,  1  a-fl'h-en;  2  a-fe'li-on,  n.  [-li-a,  pi]  The 
point  in  an  orbit,  as  of  a  planet,  farthest  from  the  sun. 
[<  ap-2  -I-  Gr.  helios,  sun.]— a-phe'li-an,  a. 

a-phe'mi-a,  1  a-fi'mi-a;  2  a-fe'mi-a,  n.  A  form  of  aphasia  in 
which  the  power  to  write  is  retained.  [  <  A-1*  +  Gr.  phBmi, 
speak.] — a-phem'ic,  a. 

a-pher'e-sis,   )1   a-fer'i-sis  or  a-fl'n-sis;    2  a-feVe-sis  or 

a-phaer'e-sis,  )  a-fe're-sls,  n.  1.  Gram.  The  dropping  of 
an  unaccented  syllable  or  a  letter  from  the  beginning  of 
a  word,  as  in  'squire  for  esquire;  the  opposite  of  apocope. 
2f.  Med.  The  removal  of  any  part  or  substance  from  the 
body.  [  <  L.  aphseresis,  <  Gr.  aphairesis,  <  apo,  from, 
+  haireo,  take.l— aph"e-ret'Ic,  aph"a?-ret'ic,  a.  Per- 
taining to  apheresis. 

a'pllis,  1  e'fis;  2  a'fis,  n.  [aph'i-desz,  pi.]  A  plant=sucking 
insect;  a  plaht*louse.  [<  Gr.  a-  priv.  +  pheidomai, 
spare.]    apn'ldt. 

apn'o-rism,  1  af'o-rizm;  2  af'o-nsm,  n.  A  brief,  senten- 
tious statement;  proverb;  maxim;  precept.  [  <  Gr.  apo, 
from,  +  horizo,  divide.]    Syn.:  see  apace. 

— aph'o-rist,  n.  A  maker  or  user  of  aphorisms. — aph"o- 
rl.s'tlc,  a.  -tl-calt.— aph"o-rls'tl-cal-ly,  adv. — aph'o- 
rlze,  vi. 

Aph"ro-cirte,  1  af'ro-dai'tl;  2  afro-dl'te,  n.  The  Greek  god- 
dess of  love  and  beauty,  the  Roman  Venus. 

apll'tha,  1  af'tha;  2  aft  ha,  n.  A  small  vesicle  In  the  mouth  or 
stomach;  also,  a  diseased  condition  in  which  aphtha;  are 
present. 

a-phyl'lous,  1  o-fil'us;2  a-fyl'us,  a.  Hot.  Without  leaves. 
[<  Gr.  a-  prlv.  +  phyllon,  leaf.]    a-phyl'loset. 

A"pl-a'ce-a',  1  e"pi-e'xi-I;  2  a"pi-a'ce-G,  n.  pi.  Hot.  The  pars- 
ley, celery,  or  carrot  family.  [<  1..  aplum,  parsley,  <  apis, 
bee.]— a"pi-a'ceous,  a. 

a'pi-a-ry,  1  e'pi-e-n;  2  a'pi-a-ry,  n.  [-hiesz,  pi.]  A  place 
where  bees  are  kept;  also,  a  set,  of  hives,  bees,  and  ap- 
pliances. [  <  L.  apiarium,  <  apis,  bee] — a"pi-a'ri-an, 
a.  a'pl-anj:.— a'pl-a-rlst,  n.  A  bee-keeper.  a"pl-a'rl- 
ant.  —  a"pl-ol'o-gy,  n.  The  study  of  bees,  a-plv'o-rous, 
a.    Bee-eating. 

ap'l-ces,  1  ap'i-siz;  2  ap'l-cSs,  n.    A  plural  of  apex. 

a'pi-cul"ture,  1  e'pi-kul"<5hur  or  -tiur;  2  a'pi-cul"chur  or 
-tur,  n.  Beekeeping.  [  <  L.  apis,  bee,  -f-  cultura,  cul- 
ture.]—  i  'pl-«lll"l  ur-isl  .  n. 

a-plc'u-lus,  1  a-plk'yu-lus;  2  a-plc'yu-lus,  n.  Bot.  The  point 
terminating  a  leaf.— a-plc'u-late,  a. 


a-piece ',  1  a-pis' ;  2  a-peg',  adv.  For  each  person  or  thing ; 
to  each  one;  each. 

A 'pis,  1  e'pis;  2  a'pis,  n.  Egypt.  Myth.  The  sacred  bull  wor- 
shiped by  the  ancient  Egyptians.    See  Serapis. 

ap'ish,  1  ep'isTi;  2  ap'ish,  a.  Like  an  ape;  servilely  imi- 
tative; foolish  and  tricky,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

Apl.,  Apr.,  abbr.    April. 

ap"la-nat'lc,  1  ap"la-nat'ik;  2  ap'Ia-nat'ic,  a.  Free  from 
spherical  or  chromatic  aberration. 

a"plomb',  1  a"plen';  2  a'ploh',  n.  [F.]  Assurance;  self-con- 
fidence. 

ap'o-,  prefix.  Off;  from;  away.  Before  a  vowel  apo-  is  short- 
ened to  ap-,  and  before  the  aspirate  it  is  modified  to  aph-. 
[<  Gr.  apo,  from.]  [rypha,  Apocryphal. 

apo.,  apoir.,  abbr.   Apogee. — Apoc.,  abbr.   Apocalypse,  Apoc- 

a-poc'a-lyps(ep,  1  a-pek'a-lips;  2  a-poc'a-lyps,  re.  1.  The 
revelation  made  to  the  Apostle  John;  any  remarkable 
revelation.  2.  [A-]  The  book  of  Revelation.  [<  Gr. 
apo,  from,  +  kalyplo,  cover.] — a-poc"a-lyp'tlc,  a.  -ti-calj. 

a-poc'o-pe,  1  a-pek'o-pi;  2  a-poc'o-pe,  n.  A  cutting  off 
or  elision  of  the  last  letter  or  syllable  of  a  word.  [  <  Gr. 
apo,  off,  +  koplo,  cut.] — a-poc 'o-pate,  vt. — a-poc'o-pate, 
a.    a-poc'o-pat"edJ. — a-poc"o-pa'tion,  n. 

A-poc 'ry-pha,  \  1  a-pek'ri-fa;  2  a-poe'ry-fa,  n.  pi.    Four- 

A-poc'ry-fap,  J  teen  books  of  the  Septuagint  and  Vul- 
gate not  in  the  canonical  Hebrew  Scriptures,  and  held 
uncanonical  by  most  Protestants:  sometimes  used  er- 
roneously as  a  singular,  with  -phas,  for  plural.  [  <  Gr. 
apo,  away,  +  krypto,  conceal.] — A-poc 'ry-phal,  a.  1.  Per- 
taining to  the  Apocrypha.  2.  [a-]  Of  doubtful  authenticity; 
spurious. 

ap'od,  1  ap'od;  2  ap'od.  I.  a.  Without  feet.  II.  n.  A 
footless  animal,    ap'o-danj. — ap'o-dal,  a. 

ap"o-dic'tic,    )1  ap"o-dik'tik,  -daik'tik;  2  ap"o-dIc'ti€, 

ap"o-deic'tic,  $ -die'tic,  a.  Clearly  demonstrable;  indis- 
putable. [  <  Gr.  apodeiktikos,  <  apo,  from,  +  deik- 
nymi,  show.]    ap"o-deic'tl-caU;  ap"o-dlc'ti-calt. 

a-pod'o-sis,  1  a-ped'o-sis;  2  a-pod'o-sls,  n.  Gram.  The 
conclusion  in  a  conditional  sentence;  also,  the  conclud- 
ing clause  of  a  sentence  not  conditional.  [  <  Gr.  apod- 
osis,  giving  back,  <  apo,  back,  +  didomi,  give.] 

ap'o-gee,  1  ap'o-ji;  2  ap'o-ge,  n.  1.  That  point  of  the 
moon's  orbit  which  is  farthest  from  the  earth.  2.  The 
highest  point;  climax.  [  <  Gr.  apo,  from,  +  ge,  earth.] 
— ap"o-ge'al,  ap"o-ge'an,  a. 

A-pol'lo,  1  a-pel'o;  2  a-p61'o,  n.  Class.  Myth.  The  god  of 
youth,  manly  beauty,  music,  song,  and  prophecy,  the  helper 
and  the  averter  of  evil:  later  identified  with  the  sun-god 
Helios;  he  had  his  oracle  at  Delphi. 

A-polly-on,  1  a-pel'i-en;  2  a-p&l'y-6n,  n.  A  spirit  of  evil;  the 
destroyer.    Rev.  ix,  11.    [<  Gt.^ apollyo,  destroy.] 

ap'o-log,       )  1  ap'o-leg;  2  ap'o-log,  re.    A  fable  or  moral 

ap'o-logne,  \  tale.  [  <  Gr.  apologos,  <  apo,  from,  +  lego, 
speak.    Syn.:  see  fiction. 

a-pol"o-get'ic,  1  a-pel"o-jet'ik;  2  a-p61"o-gct'ie.  I.  a. 
Of  the  nature  of  an  apology,  -i-calf .  II.  re.  An  apol- 
ogy or  defense. — a-pol"o-get'i-cal-ly,  adv. 

a-pol"o-get  'ics,  n.  That  department  of  dogmatics  which 
deals  with  the  defensive  facts  and  proofs  of  Christianity. 

a-pol'o-gist,  1  a-pol'o-jist;  2  a-pol'o-glst,  n.  One  who 
argues  in  defense  of  any  person  or  cause. 

a-pol'o-gize,  -glse,  1  a-pol'o-jaiz;  2  a-pol'o-glz,  vi. 
[-cjized;  -giz"ino.]  To  offer  an  apology;  find  or  make 
excuse. — a-pol 'o-glz"cr,  a-pol 'o-gis"er,  n. 

a-pol'o-gy,  1  a-pol'o-ji;2  a-pol'o-gy,  re.  [-giesz,  pi.]  1.  A 
formal  acknowledgment,  as  of  error,  offense,  or  incivil- 
ity. 2.  A  justification  or  defense:  the  original  meaning. 
3.  A  poor  substitute.  [  <  Gr.  apologia,  a  speech  in  de- 
fense, <  apo,  away,  +  lego,  speak.] 

Syn.:  acknowledgment,  confession,  defense,  exculpation, 
excuse,  Justification, plea,  vindication.  According  to  Its  pres- 
ent meaning,  he  who  offers  an  apology  admits  himself,  at 
least  technically  and  seemingly,  in  the  wrong.  An  apology 
is  for  what  one  has  done  or  left  undone;  an  excuse  may  bo 
for  what  one  proposes  to  do  or  leave  undone  as  well.  An 
excuse  for  a  fault  Is  an  attempt  at  partial  justification;  as, 
one  alleges  haste  as  an  excuse  for  carelessness.  Acknowledg- 
ment ls  neutral,  and  may  be  either  of  fact,  duty,  obligation, 
etc.,  or  of  error  or  fault.  Confession  Is  a  full  acknowledgment 
of  wrong,  generally  of  a  grave  wrong,  with  or  without  apol- 
ogy or  excuse.  Compare  confess;  DEFENSE,  Ant.:  accusa- 
tion, censure,  charge,  complaint,  condemnation,  imputation. 
Injury,  insult,  Offense,  wrong.  — PreD.:  An  apology  to  the 
guest  for  the  oversight. 

a-poph'a-sls,  1  a-pof'a-sls;2a-p6f'a-sIs,  n.  1.  Rhct.  The  pre- 
tended suppression  or  denial  of  what  one  Ih  really  saying  or 
proposing.  2.  Denial;  negation.  [I.I..,  <  Gr.  apopha.tis, 
denial. 1 

ai>'(.-iili<  hegm,  etc.    Same  as  apothf.m1,  etc. 

a-popli'y-sls,  1  a-pof'i-sls;  2  a-prtf'y-sls,  n.  A  bony  protuber- 
ance, as  of  a  vertebra  or  In  the  mandible  of  crustaceans. 


3|x>|>li\  » 

ap|xt%l(li»ii 


„  it  i.i'    prey;    hit,  |      I  |i     not.  ftr;   full.rO.lc;   Km.  bftrn; 

»!.»:!.    m#.  1*1.  pro.  flro;  hit.  lee;   I-*;   I  -  6;  go,  not.  Or.  «on. 


If. 


-pin 


Sudden 

Up.. II      tin- 
-II- 


S-porl    . 

il>    ...  - 

I.     \ 

tonce  inroni- 

■;.  tpopha- 

O-BM  1    lc  . 

r  principles 

>-!•••-    i  i-.  >  a-pus'- 

i  II.  n. 

i-:  TO  f.Tsake 

j[i  .--I.  in    . 

,i-i>..»  'temel : 

m-pm  linn.         t-poa  i. -mil..         ro  form  anal 

a  p., -I,     rl-o  ri.  .  ri      (I.  ] 

I  )  or  from  effecf  to 

.'.  empirical. 

a-l*'«  nl.  .  V  marginal  note;  an- 

•  7. ;  see 

.i- 1  >•  •  -  ii  .    .  i.i  ine  of  tli.-  twelve 

i  >•  1  I  Matt   i 

•._■•  liaes  a  oer- 

;.  ■  a  di ctrine  or 

off,    + 

»>po« 'tie-ship,  ■      a-poa'to-latet.— ap**- 

•  i  ir.  ;»i»~ii —  in) 'i-ral,   i      1.  (if  or  pertaining  to  an 

apo-'  .'  ordmg  t.i  the  doctrine  and 

practise  of  •  Papal      ap"ns-tol  'I- 

ritm,  t-poi   i-ii.    i-i  \ . 

i-|...-    i  r..-|iln-  .  :■■,  n.     Oram. 

.i-l>..~  iri>-ii    .        l.  (oye  the  line,  to  mark 

cated.    [I..  <  Or.  apottro- 
phot,  mark  of  elk  a-poatra-phue1,  n.    [-phized; 

-phiz*in<;  )     To  use  the  apostrophe;  shorten  a  word  by 

i-p"-  i  r..-|ih.  .  as  to  an 

I  '■  ity.     (  <  Gr.  apos- 
>m,  +  strephd.  turn.]—  ap"- 
-ir..f  I.     .  a-pot   tn>-phl2e-,r.   I.  t. 

iphe.    II.  f.    To  de- 
apostrophe.     Si"n  : 
.1-im.i  h  . -.  i-r  .  •i/i-ki'-n;   2  a-pSth'e-ea-ry,  n. 

I  r  sale  and  puts  up 

'  apo, 

apothecaries'  m.  a-un ,  a.  weight. 

ae*  M  UT. 

ii.  ■•-' him  .      ;  ■.■'rn,  r».    A  t 

ap  i>-\ In  ^'iii.  i  sententious 

"ii,   fry  out  ] 
ap'»-phtlii'cni: .    Bra 

-the«;-mat'lc  or -l-ral,  a. 
ap'o-Un-m  .  2    p'o-thSm,  n     1.  Math.  The 

:      of  a  regular 

'  •  found  in  vegetable  infu- 

; - i « !•  - .   <  apo,  from, 

ap"o-the  '<>-  i-.  .i   f-stH*, 

pi  1  i on      [  <  Gr. 

Bp"o-tbe'o-slse, 

vpp  .  ipp  .        -.    Appendix,  appointee. 

ap-pal'.  f m'-i'm.i.kp',  ap-pald'8; 

ap-pall',  '■■■•  511   miiIi  dismay  or  liorror; 

pale.] 
ip-pal'lliie-l> . 
Ap"p  i-  m;  2  ap"a-Iach'l-an,  a     <  >f  or 

per*  . 

■    T'XIft. 
aji  p,i-ii  il-i  .  I.  A  dependent 

ompaniment, 
'..   '■■  portion  of  land  a 

iriger  sons;  the  public  al- 
•ing  house.    [F.,  <  L.  ad, 

ip'a-nu- 
ap"pa-ra 'tn  -  -rfi'tos;  2  ap"a-ra'tus  or 

Is,  n.     (-TC9  or  (rarely;  -tu<4-E9z,  pi]    A  complex 


il.\ ir  machjm  1 1   , 

iki  . . 
ap-par  VI.  1  I  BLLBn, 

iio".    ii   is..  ..r   ii  i  is..  |    To  clothe;  also,  to  deck  or 
equip     II-  "      Raiment;  clothing     [<     I   '  ad,  to,    t 

ap-parriit.  i  t-par'ent;  2  a-par'snt,  a     I.  Clearlj  i»  i 

iblc;  clear:  evidi  nl .  obvious;  manifest . 

\  i-.il. I. ■     'i.  Seeming,  in  distinction  from  real  or  true.  |  < 

•    i  i in  i 

svn     likely,  presumable,  probabls,  ssemlng      Tin-  ";• 

la  thai  which  appears,  either  thai  which  la  no 

risible,  certain,  or  thai  which  la  mere!)  in  aeemlng;  as,  lbs 

n/  motion  of  the  run  around  u arth      Ippttrtiu  la- 

dicatea  less  sasuranee  than  probable,  and  more  than  teeming 
\  man'a  probable  Intern  we  believe  win  prove  to  be  bit  real 
Intent;  his  teeming  Intent  we  believe  to  be  >  ibam;  hla  ap- 

BttrtHl   Intent    may  tie   t  lit-   Ira ie.    thO   We    have    ii"l    vet 

evldenoe  on  which  to  pronounoe  with  oonfldence  Bee  I  n 
iosi  Ant.:  doubtful,  dubious,  Improbable,  unimaginable, 
unlikely.  ap-parVn-r),  ;i  ap-p.ir  Vni-l) ,  adi.  Obvi- 
ously or  Beamingly. 

ap"pa-rl  don,   ap"e-rish/en;  2   Hp"a-rlBh'on,   n,     1.    A 

ter;  fan  torn;  ghosi     '!.  Lnj  appearance,  especially 

it  remarkable;  a  pnenomenon,    3.  rne  art  of  appearing, 

or  the  state  "i  being  visible.    ( <  LL.  opporttto(n-),  < 

L.  apnareo,  see  LFPI  is  1     ap"pa-rrtlon-al,  a. 

ap-par'l-lor,  1  a-par'i-tor;  2  A-pftr'l-tor.  n.     I.  An  OfflclsJ  who 

id  executes  the  process  of  an  eci 

tleal  i-oiirt     't.  The  mace- hearer  or  beadle  of  a  university.  [L.] 

ap-pcach't,  tt.    To  impeach;  accuse. 

ap-pi-al',  1  a-pTl';  2  il-pel',  r      I.  (.     1.  Lav.  To  remove  to 

abigher  court,  S [J.  To  accuse.  II.  i.  1.  To  make  ear 
n. -i  supplication;  awaken  response.  '-I.  /."»  To  take 
a  cause  to  a  higher  oourt.    ap-pHe't.    I<  L.  appsUo,  < 

ml.  to.  4-  pill",  drive  ]    SjTl.:  Bee  &DDB1 

ap-peara-bln'i',    .;       T)i:i t    may    be    appealed.— ap- 
peal'er,  n.      .ip-pe.il'liiK-l)  •  adr. 
ap-iM'al',  n.     1.  An  earnest  request;  prayer.    2.  A  resort 

to  a  higher  court  or  other  power. 
ap-pt'ar',   1   a-pir';  2  a-per',   ri,      1.  To  come  forth  into 
View  or  public  notice;  become  visible,  plain,  public,  or 
'J.  To  -'tin,  or  seem  likely.     [  <  L.K  ad,  to,  + 
come  forth. 1 
Syn.:  have  the  appearance  or  semblance,  look,  seem.    A  p- 
refers  to  thai  which  manifests  Itself  to  the  senses,  look 
to  that  toward  which  the  naze  Is  directed;  In  figurative  use. 
both  apply  to  a  semblance  or  probability  which  presents 
Itself  directly  to  the  mind.    Seem  applies  to  what  Is  manifest 
mini!  on  reflection. 
ap-pcar'ance,  1  a-plr'ans;  2  a-per'anc,  n.     1.  External 
show  or  aspect.    2.  That  which  appears  or  seems;  sem- 
blanoe.      3.  pi.     Circumstances  or  indications  collec- 
tively.   4.  A  becoming  manifest  or  public;  advent;  pub- 
lication;  a   coming   formally   into   court.      5.   A   phe- 
nomenon.   Syn.:  see  air1,  n.:  mannkh. 
ap-p^ase',  1  a-plz';  2  a-pe-j',  vt.    Iap-peased';  ap-peas'- 
lNo  ]    1.  To  reduce  to  peace;  soothe;  placate;  pacify.    2. 
To  calm,  still,  or  allay.     [<  OF.  apaister,   <  a,  to,   + 
paU.  peace.)    Syn_'  see  allay. 

—  ap-peas 'a-bl (C\ a.  —  ap-peas  'a-bl > . adr.  —  ap-peaxc '- 
mini,  n      ap-pcas'lng-l)  ,  ndt  -.—  ap-peas'lv(eR,  a. 
ap-pt'ria-blfep,  1  »-pel'a-bl;  2  a-peTa-bl,  a.    Appealable 
[<  L.  appetto;  see  aiti-.m..  r.l     ap-pel'Ha-biri-ly,  n.-ap- 
pel'lan-ey,  n.    Capability  of  appeal. 
ap-pol'lant,  1  a-pel'ant;  2  a-pfil'ant,     I.  o.     Of  or  per- 
taining to  an  appeal;  appellate.      II.  n.     One  who  ap- 
peal-, in  any  sense.     [<  L.appeQo;  see  appeal.] 
ap-pel'lato,  1  a-pel'6t;  2  a-peTat,  o.    Law.    Pertaining  to 

or  having  jurisdiction  of  appeals. 
ap"pcl-la'tion,   1   ar/e-le'snen;  2  .apV-la'shon,  n.     A 
name OT title;  the  act  of  calling  or  naming. 
Svn.:  sec  name-  ap-pel'la-tlvfe".    I.  a.    1.  Hervlnc  to 
..ie  or  name.     'i.  Denoting  a  class,  as  common  nouns. 
II.  a      1.  A  title;  appellation.    '£.  A  common  noun,    -ly.adn. 
-ness,  n.     ap-pel'la-to-ry,  a.    Containing  an  appeal. 
ap"pel-lee',  1  ap*el-I';  2  ap'CI-C'.  n.    Law.    One  against  whom 

an  appeal  Is  taken:  a  defendant, 
ajcpel'lor,  1  a-pel'or;  2  a-pel'6r,  n.    Old  Eno.  Law.    A  con- 

■■Inal  who  accused  an  accomplice. 
ap-pend''1,  1  a-pend';  2  a-p€nd',  vt.     To  add  or  attach 
•  thing  subordinate  or  supplemental).     [<  L.  ad, 
to.   |   pendo,  bang.]    Syn.:  see  add. 

—  ap-pen'dant,  a.  A  n.    ap-pen'dentt. 
ap-pen'dage,  1  a-pen'dij;  2  a-pen'dag,  n.   A  subordinate 
addition  or  adjunct. 

Syn.:  accessory,  accompaniment,  addendum,  addition,  ad- 
junct, appendix,  appurtenance,  attachment,  auxiliary,  con- 
comtl  -i   Increase,  supplement   An  adjunct  (some- 

thing Joined  to)  constitutes  no  real  part  of  the  thing  or  sya- 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  owt;    oil;    lu  =  fe?/d;    <fhin;    go;    t}  =  s\no;    fhin,    this.  apoplexy 

47      2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   Oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,     apposition 


tem  to  which  it  is  joined;  an  appendage  is  commonly  a  real, 
tho  not  an  essential  or  necessary,  part  of  that  with  which 
It  is  connected;  an  appurtenance  belongs  subordinately  to 
something  by  which  it  is  employed,  especially  as  an  instru- 
ment to  accomplish  some  purpose.  A  horse's  tail  is  at.  once 
an  ornamental  appendage  and  a  useful  appurtenance.  An 
attachment  in  machinery  is  some  mechanism  that  can  be 
brought  into  optional  connection  with  the  principal  move- 
ment; a  hemmer  is  an  attachment  of  a  sewing-machine. 
An  extension,  as  of  a  railroad  or  of  a  franchise,  extends 
something  already  existing.     See  supplemedt. 

ap-pen'dl-ces,  n.    Plural  of  appendix. 

ap-pen"di-ci'tis,  1  a-pen"di-sai'tis  or  -si'tis;  2  a-pSn"di- 
ci'tis  or  -ci'tis,  n.  Inflammation  of  the  vermiform  ap- 
pendix. 

ap-pen'dis,  1  a-pen'diks;  2  a-pgn'diks,  n.  [-dix-es  or 
-di-ces,  1  -slz;  2  -ce§,  pi.]  1.  An  addition  or  appendage, 
as  of  supplementary  matter  at  the  end  of  a  book.  2. 
Anat.  An  appendage;  especially,  the  vermiform  appen- 
dix.   [L.,  <  ad,  to,  +  pendo,  hang.] 

Syn.:  see  appendage. — vermiform  appendix,  a  slender, 
hollow,  worm»like  pouch  at  the  end  of  the  caecum  in  man  and 
certain  other  animals. 

ap"per-cep'tIon,  1  ap"ar-sep'.<han;  2  3,p"er-s8p'shon,  n. 
1.  That  kind  of  perception  in  which  the  mind  is  con- 
scious of  the  act  of  perceiving;  semiconsciousness.  2. 
The  adding  of  other  mental  acts  to  perception  proper. 
3.  An  act  of  voluntary  consciousness  accompanied  by 
self*consciousness;  also,  the  coalescence  of  part  of  a 
new  idea  with  an  old  one  by  modification.  [F.,  < 
apercevoir,  perceive,  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  percipio;  see  perceive.) 

ap-per'llt,  n.    Perl. 

ap"per-taln',  1  ap"ar-ten';  2  ap"er-ta,n',  vi.  To  pertain 
or  belong  as  by  right,  fitness,  etc.;  relate:  with  to.  [  < 
L.f  ad,  to,  -I-  perlineo,  pertain.  1— ap-per'te-nance||,  n. 
Appurtenance. 

ap'pe-tence,    )  1  ap'i-tens,  -ten-si;  2  ap'e-t§ne,  -t8n-cy, 

ap'pe-ten-cy,  )  n.     [-ten-cesz,  -ten-ciesz,  pi.]     Strong 
craving  or  propensity;  instinct  or  tendency;  affinity. 
[<  L.  ad,  to,  +  peto,  seek.]    Syn.:  see  appetite;  deske. 
— ap'pe-tent,  a. 

ap'pe-tite,  1  ap'i-tait;  2  ap'e-tlt,  n.  A  physical  craving, 
as  for  food;  a  mental  craving;  longing.  [  <  L.  ad,  to,  + 
peto,  seek.l 

Syn.:  appetency,  craving,  desire,  disposition,  impulse,  in- 
clination, liking,  longing,  lust,  passion,  proclivity,  prone- 
ness,  propensity,  relish,  thirst,  zest.  Appetite  is  used  only 
of  the  demands  of  the  physical  system,  unless  otherwise 
expressly  stated,  as  when  we  say  an  appetite  for  knowledge; 
passion  includes  all  excitable  impulses  of  our  nature,  as 
anger,  fear,  love,  hatied,  etc.  Appetite  is  thus  more  animal 
than  passion;  and  when  we  speak  of  passions  and  appetites 
as  conjoined  or  contrasted,  we  think  of  the  appetites  as 
wholly  physical  and  of  the  passions  as,  in  part  at  least. 
mental  or  spiritual.  We  say  an  appetite  for  food,  a  passion 
for  fame.  Compare  desire. — Ant.:  antipathy,  aversion, 
detestation,  disgust,  dislike,  disrelish,  distaste,  hatred,  in- 
difference, loathing,  repugnance,  repulsion.  Compare  an- 
tipathy.— Prep.:  for. 

— ap'pe-tl"tiv(e8,  a. — ap'pe-tlz"er,  n.  Anything  that 
excites  appetite  or  gives  relish.  ap'pe-tls"erf. — ap'pc- 
tlz"lng,  pa.  Giving  relish;  tempting.  ap'pe-tls"lngj. — 
ap'pe-tlz"lng-ly,  adv. 

Ap'pl-an  Way,  1  ap'i-an;  2  ap'i-an.  Rom.  Hist.  A  paved 
road  extending  from  Rome  to  Brundusium  (Brindlsi), 
begun  by  Appius  Claudius  Caucus  312  B.  C.  and  still  exist- 
ing in  part. 

ap-plaud  M,  1  a-pl6d';  2  a-plad',  vt.  &  vi.  To  express  ap- 
proval of,  as  by  clapping  the  hands;  commend;  praise. 
[  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  plaudi,  strike.) 

Syn.:  see  admire;  praise.— ap-plaud 'er,  n. — ap-plaud '- 
Ing-lj ,  ado. 

ap-plause',  1  a-plez';  2  a-plas',  n.  The  act  of  applauding; 
acclamation;  approval;  praise. 

Syn.:  acclaim,  acclamation,  cheering,  cheers,  eulogy,  lau- 
dation, plaudit,  praise.  Praise  Is  the  expressed  and  hearty 
approval  of  an  Individual,  or  of  a  number  or  multitude,  one 
by  one;  applause,  the  spontaneous  outburst  of  many  at  once. 
Applause  Is  expressed  In  any  way,  by  Stamping  Of  feet,  clap- 
ping of  hands,  etc.,  as  well  as  by  the  voice;  acclamation  is 
strictly  by  the  voice  alone.  Acclaim  Is  , In-  inure  poetic  term 
for  acclamation,  commonly  understood  In  a  loftier  sense. 
Plaudit  Is  a  shout  of  applause,  and  is  commonly  used  in  tin' 

plural.     Applause  Is  also  used  in  tin-  general  sense  of  praise. 
Bee  eulogy;  praise.  —  Ant.:  denunciation,  derision,  hissing, 
obloquy,  scorn,  vituperation. 
— ap-plau  'slv  «   .  „     Expressing  applause,    -ly,  «</> 
ap'ple,  )  1  ap'I;  2  &p1,  n.    The  widely  distributed,  fleshy 

ap'lp,  J  edible  fruit  or  pome  ol  a  tree  of  the  rose  family; 
also,  a  tree  bearing  such  fruit.  (  <  AS,  eeppel,  sepl,  ap- 
ple.]— ap'ple'Johnf,  ».    A  variety  of  apple  considered 


best   when   shriveled. — a.   of  discord    (.class.    Myth.),    a 
golden  apple  awarded  for  beauty  by  Paris  to  Venus. — a.  of 
the  eye,  the  pupil  or  the  eyeball;  some- 
thing precious.  r  d%. 
ap-pli'ance,  1  a-plui'ans;  2  il-pli'anc,  n. 

1.  Something  applied  to  effect  a  result; 
a  device;  tool;  an  instrument.  2.  The 
act  of  applying;  application.  3f.  Com- 
pliance. 

ap'pli-ca-bl(ep,    1   ap'h-ka-bl;   2  iip'li- 
ea-bl,  a.      Capable  of  or  suitable  for 
application;    relevant;    fitting.     [  <  L.  Vertical  Section 
applico;  see  apply.]—  ap"pli-ca-bil'i-ty,      °!   an    Apple, 
n.     [-tiesz,  pi.]     The  quality  of  being  ap-      through      the 
plicable;  suitability;   fitness,     ap'pli-ca-      core. 
bl(e-nessPt-—  ap'pli-ca-bly,  adv.  «•  stem;    c,  fleshy. 

ap'pli-cant,  1  ap'h-kant;  2  ap'li-cant,  JM  <»{* 
n.    One  who  applies;  a  candidate.  oalyx;  ,,  core'ormem- 

ap''pli-ca'tion,  1  ap'li-ke'shan;  2  Sp"- '""'«  enclosing  car. 
li-ca^shon,  n.     1.  The  act  of  applying.  j£tf <%*£« ™*> 

2,  That  which  is  applied,  as   a  reme- 
dial  agent.      3.    That    by    which    one    applies;    a   re- 
quest.    4.  Appropriation  to  a  particular  use.     5.  The 
act,  habit,  or  faculty  of  close  and  continuous  attention. 
[<  L.F  applico;  see  apply.)    Syn.:  see  exercise;  industry. 

ap-plied',  1  a-ploid';  2  a-plld',  pa.  Put  in  practise;  util- 
ized: opposed  to  abstract  or  pure;  as,  applied  science. 

ap"pll-que',  1  ap"h-ke';  2  ap"li-ke',  a.  [F.]  Applied:  said  of 
ornaments,  as  in  needlework,  in  wood,  metal,  etc.,  cut  out 
from  one  material  and  applied  upon  the  surface  of  another. 
— ap"pll-que',  n. 

ap-ply',  1  a-plai';  2  a-ply',  v.  [ap-plied';  ap-ply'ing.]  I. 
t.  1.  To  bring  into  contact  with  something;  devote  to  a 
particular  use;  test  in  a  particular  case;  attach;  refer  to. 
2.  To  give  wholly  (to);  devote  (oneself),  as  to  study. 
II.  i.  1.  To  make  formal  request;  ask;  petition;  solicit. 
2.  To  have  reference,  or  adaptation.  [  <  L.  applico,  < 
ad,  to,  +  plico,  fold.) 

ap-pog"gla-tu'ra,  lap-pej"a-tu'ra;  2ap-p6g"a-tu'ra,  n.  Mus. 
A  musical  ornament  consisting  of  a  single  note  introduced 
as  a  suspension  before  any  note  of  a  melody.  [It.,<  L.  ad, 
to,  +  podium,  balcony,  ult.  <  Gr.  pous,  foot.) 

ap-point'd,  1  a-peint';  2  a-point',  v.  1. 1,  1.  To  name  or 
select  (a  person  for  a  position) ;  name  a  time  and  place 
for  (an  act  or  meeting) ;  assign.  2.  To  ordain,  as  by 
decree;  command;  prescribe.  3.  To  fit  out;  equip;  fur- 
nish. II.  i.  To  decree  or  ordain  the  doing  of  something; 
designate  a  person  for  a  position.  [  <  L.F  ad,  to,  + 
punctum,  point.)  Syn.:  see  allot;  apportion;  institute;  set. 
— ap-polnt'a-bl(ep,  a. — ap-polnt-ee',  n.  One  who  is  ap- 
pointed.— ap-point'er,  n.  One  who  appoints  or  has  power 
to  appoint. — ap-poin'tiv(es,  a. — ap-point'ment,  n.  1. 
(1)  An  appointing  or  being  appointed;  position  or  service  to 
which  one  is  or  may  be  appointed;  station;  office.  (2)  An 
agreement,  as  for  meeting  at  a  given  time;  an  engagement. 

2.  Something  agreed  upon;  direction;  decree;  stipulation. 

3.  Anything  for  use  or  adornment;  equipment. 
Ap"po-mat'tox,    1    ap"o-mat'aks;   2   ap"o-mat'oks,    n.     A 

county  in  Virginia;  342  sq.  m.;  pop.  9,000.  At  Appomattox 
Court  House,  in  this  county,  Lee  surrendered  to  Grant, 
April  9,  1865. 

ap-por'tion,  1  a-por'sTian;  2  a-por'shon,  vt.  To  divido 
and  assign  proportionally;  allot.  [  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  portio, 
portion.) 

Syn.:  allot,  appoint,  appropriate,  assign,  deal,  dispense, 
distribute,  divide,  grant,  share.  To  allot  or  assign  may  be  to 
make  an  arbitrary  division;  the  same  is  true  of  distrlbuti  or 
divide.  That  which  is  apportioned  Is  given  by  some  Bxed 
rule,  which  is  meant  to  be  uniform  and  fair;  as,  representa- 
tives are  apportioned  among  the  States  according  to  popula- 
tion. To  dispense  is  to  give  out  freely;  as.  the  sun  dispenses 
light  and  heat.  One  may  apportion  What  he  only  holds  in 
trust;  he  shares  what  is  Ills  own.  Compare  m.i.ht.-  -Ant.: 
cling  to,  collect,  consolidate,  divide  arbitrarily,  gather  to 
gether,  Keep  together,  receive,  retain,  -Prep.:  to,  between, 
01  iimiing.     ap-por'tion-ini'iit,  n. 

ap-pose',  1  a-pOz'i  2  a-pOs/,  Vt.  1.  TO  place  or  bring  near; 
apply.  2.  To  arrange  side  by  side.  [<  \,.v  uppono,  place  by, 
<  ad,  to,  +  pono,  place.) 

ap'po-sit(ert,  1  ap'o-zit;  2  ap'o-glt,  a.  Well  adapted;  ap- 
propriate; pertinent;  apt.    |-     l>.  appositus,  pp.,  <  ml, 

to,    t    i>nno.  place.)    -ly,  «i/c    -ncss,  rt. 

ap"po-si'tion,  1  ar/o-zisVeh;  2  ajp'o-sfah'on,  n,  1. 
Oram.  The  relation  between  nouns  in  the  same  subjeot 

or  predicate  and  in  t  lie  same  ease,   ivhere  one  is  al  l.ribu- 

tive  or  complementary,  'J.  A  placing  or  being  in  im- 
mediate connection:  application;  addition,  3,  Surg. 
Growth  or  increase  hy  juxtaposition,  as  of  tissue.  [< 
I.. ^  apposltUS,  see  apposite. |  ■  ap"|n»-sl 'Hoii-al, a.  ap"- 
po-sl'don-al-ly,  adv.— au-pos'l-tlv(t'».  u.  &  n. 


appralsr 


.  i         .  el    prcv;    hit,  polio* 


gfi;    not.  Or;   full,  rule. 

m*.  «et       .  iii  i  .,   ,.o!,  in.  won,      AH 


but,  burn; 


■ 


i  II 

■ 
l»Ii.  ilir  ow  in  r  nmy  utlur  II 
•id  prw  »  »  ' .  It  aa  the 

■  urnrncr- 
'■•ui.  mlajudip 

ap-prr  rl-a-td   .     .  1  '    it   ma)    be  appreciated;  per- 

ip-pn    rl-a-hl),  .i|i-pr<   "cl-n  '  I  Inn .  I. 

ite  twtlmatlon  ur  recognition. 

ap-prr 'rl-a-tli  .i",    a.      -I),    <nfr. 

^P-pr.  i  it  h  n  . 

ap    |>n  -In  in  I  I.I. 

Ily;  perceive     'i.  To  have 
n  of;  know  partially     S.   I   ici 
•--it tin :  be  apprehensive  oi  or 

1  1 1.  1.  To  I  liink  nr 

'!.    1  ■■  lix  'k  fi  -rwar.1  w  itli 

i  ip  a  truth  or  statement;  perceive 

selie.l 
Sm:  anticipate  a,  oomprehend,  oonoeive, 

ind     in  siri.  • .  •■  only 

wlu'  \il  what 

b  pr  ■  mind  by  any  means  whatever     a  ohlld 

can  app'thrnd  the  distinction  between  riuht  and  wrong',  yet 
the  philosopher  can  not  comprehend  It  In  Itn  fulness  I  inn- 
pare  mm  mil  Anu  (all  of.  Ignore,  lose.  misapprehend, 
mlv 

ap-pre-hend  'er,  m  ap/*[|H>  IW~Hl  MIT  ly.  n. 
ap-pri-iini  «i-bi  I'i',  ii.  i  apable  of  being  apprehended. 
ap-pre-hen'-lnn.  i      1.  rning  the 

futu'         I  'ion:    estimate:    Idea;    opinion.     3.    The 

faculty  that  apprehends:  capacity.  4.  Legal  arrest.  5.  A 
mental  Image      Synj  see  alahm:  anth  ipath  in  ;    tNXUTi; 

DIG  ap"pre-hen  '- 
■  i»  •  .  I.  A  ,  ■•■  nf  evil;  anxious;  fearful;  suspi- 
cious l.  yuick  to  apprehend  3.  Responsive  to  sense. im- 
pressions.  4.  Having  DOgnteanoe;  conscious.  -I>,  utlr. 
-in  -.. 
ap-preii  'lli  .  .  -prfn'tic.     I.  rf.    [-tickd', 

ap-pren 'its',  - -n-r":  -TTorNO, -rra-iHO*.]    To  bind  as 
an  apprenv         II.         I  toe  who  is  bound  by  indenture 
learn  a  trade  or  business; 
ner.      (<    L.or  apprehendo,    a,p- 
■p  pirn  tire  Ship,  a.     ap-pren'tlcc-mcnl* 

ap-prl/e',     1    a-pruiz';    2  a-priz',    rf.      [ap-prized';   ap- 

ap-prlM-' ,     i  i'.;/.'iNi.  ]    To   notify,  as  of  an  event;   ad- 
ippris,   <  L.  apprehendo;  see  ap- 
pRtHi.Ni)  |   Srn_-  see  urroaiL 

ap-prl/e'        -prise'.    Sai      is  an 

ap-prnarh  '  ,  1  i-;  To  come  or 

cau-  i  ike  advani 

r  ad.  to.  —  proplui.  compar.  of  prope,  near.]    Synj  see 
ADoaase. 

ap-pmai  h.  1.  'I "he  at  I   oi  approaching;  a  coming 

near  '..  ••.•-.s.s;  approximation.     3.  Opportunity, 

mea:  Lching.    4.  pi.    Advance 

acquaintance,  etc.  Synj  w-c  approximation.--  ap-pri»acli"- 
»-bll  l-t> .  '.      ap-proach  a-bl  ••>',  a     -ne»-. 

appro-bate.    |  _■      ;       -    .:       •      [-bat'ed4; 

•m:"  -.  approval ;  sanction  formally  or 

illy.     (  <  I.   approbates,  pp.  of  'i;</..r 

:  IBI 

ip'  pru-b.i  lion,  1  ap'ro-bC'shan;  2  &p"rn-lia'-lion,  n.    1. 
vine;  approval;  commendation.    2||. 
Pro.  ■  3rn  :  see  n  ■ 

ap'prn-ba"tl\  ■•  .  ^  or  Implying  approba- 

tion.   -ne->s,  r.     ap'pri^-ba"to-r> ,  a.    Of  the  nature  of  or 
pertaining  to  appro. 
ap-pr<mf '*,  a      Ipprot  itlon. 

a|i-pro  prl-ate,  1    .-•  - '.  pn-ft ;  2  a-pro'pri-itt.  rf.     [-at*- 

1  •  for  a  particular  use.     2. 

To-  urn  use.    [<  l..L1-ad,  to,  +  propria*, 

Srnj  - 
ap-pro 'prl-ate,  ■!  r  or  belonging:  to  the  per- 

son, circumstance 

Svn_-  adapted,  apt.  becoming,  t^eflttlng.  congruous,   in. 

meet,  pertinent,  proper,  suitable.  —  AnU  Inappropriate,  In- 

coni:-  rit. unfit,  unsuitable.  —  Prep.:  appropriate 

occasion :  for  the  person. 

-  ap-pro  prl-a-bl  e'.a.  — ap-pro'prl-ate-l>',  cufc— ap- 


pr.i  prl    il. -in -■-.  ip-pi..   pil-.i    Hi    ,     .  .ip-pro'- 

prl-»'  lor, 
a|i-pro  "prl-.i  'linn.  pr|    i 

I.  Sunn  t  hi  ni.' 

ol  uppropi  iaUng 
ap-prore 

em .\  in..  |     I.  ,•      i.i  (vorthy,  proper,  oi 

rn;li»  '  worthy 

i  .    I'.,  prove  b  II.         i  o 

think  « nil  ia\  oi   often  with  of,    |  •    I 

in.    •    probus.t I| 

•    Mini  .  m.iii  i  iim.  iik>:  en  use; 

iivini  ai»-pro\ 'a-bi  ■•' .  .  \\,.rtin  of  approval  »I>- 
prm '.ii.  •       Approbation;  sanction;  oonunendatlon,    a|»- 

ririn'ain.  iii'iiihi      ap-pror'er,  n,    ap-prov'> 

"W-l>  . 

ap-provc    .  I     turn  tn  ona'a  profit;  appropri 

tprouer,  profit,  <  <i  ( <  L.  ad), 
to.   ■   pro,  proa,  profit,  •    L  ,"■".  far.] 
ap-proi  i-in.iir.    i    a-preks'i-i  kVi-mat,   ». 

[-\i m  ■  •     :•.'.]     I.  .i    a  Im  approach  or 

cause  tn  approach  closely  without  exact  coincidence, 
II.  1  a-proka'i-mit ;  2  &-proks'i-mat,  a     Neai  ly,  but  not 
tly,  accurate  or  complete:  near.    [<  L.*Jjad,to,  + 
proxtmus,  Buperl.  of  viv  ■  near  | 

ap-proi  'I- ma  I,  a.   Close  together  said  of  the  surf  aces 

Of  teeth.      :i|>-pru\'l-inalc-l>  ,,:,'•       ap-pru\  'l-nia-i  ll   ■•  . 

a.    Obtained  by  nr  involving  approximation;  approximate 

ap-pruv  'l-ma-tlv  e-l>    . 
ap-prn\"l-ma'tloii,   l  a-preka'i-mfi'shan;  2  a-proks"i- 
mft'ahon,  ».    The  act  or  process  of  approximating;  an 
approximate  result , 

syn.:  approach,  contiguity,  likeni^,  iwnmw,  neighbor- 
hood, propinquity,  resemblance,  similarity.  Approximation 
(and  the  kindred  words  approximate  and  approximately)  is 
p.  express  as  mar  an  approach  to  accuracy  and  oertainty  as 
the  conditions  of  human  thought  or  action  In  any  given  case 
make  possible.     /. ■  ind  similarity  may  be  but 

superficial  and  apparent;  approximation  Is  real.    Approach 

Is  a  relative  term,  Indicating  that  one  ha.s  come  nearer  than 

before;  approximation  brink's  one  really  near.     NearneM, 

'.  and  propinquity  are  coiiiiniiiily  used  of  place; 

approximation,  of  mathematical  calculations  ami  abstract 
reasoning;  we  speak  of  approach  to  the  shore,  neart 
t  in  town,  approximation  to  the  truth.     Ant.:  difference,  dis- 
tance, error,  remoteness,  unllkeneBs,  variation      Prep.:  to. 
ap'pulsi-,  1  ap'ols  or  a-pola';  2  fip'flls  er  &-puls',  n.    An 
approach  or  impact  of  one  moving  body  toward  or  upon 
another,  or  of  a  heavenly  body  toward  the  meridian. 
appuUus,  <  ad,  to,  +■  petto,  drive.]    ap-pal'slon,  n. 
i  of  striking  against.     ap-pal'slr(es,  a.    ap-pul'- 

sll    e-1)  »,  nth  . 

ap-pur'te-iiaiice,   1   :i-iiur'ti-n..ii-;  2   Brpfir'te-nanc,  n. 

Something  belonging  or  atlaele  <\  In  .-innething  else  as 

an  accessory  or  adjunct,    [  <  <  IF.  n/»  rtenanee,  <  L.  ad, 

i-mi  UN.]    Syn.:  Bee  uti  ndaoi:. 

ap-pnr'te-nant,  a.    Appertaining  or  belonging,  as  by 
right ;  accessory. 
a'pri-cot,  l  g'pn-kot  or ap'n-ket; 2 ft'pri-eot or  ap'ri-c6t, 
n.     A  fruit   intermediate    be- 
tween the  peach  and  the  plum, 
or  the  tree  that  yields  it.  [  <  F. 

ilhr 
A'pril,  1  e'pnl;  2  a'pril,  n.     The 

fourth  month.    [  <  L.    I 
<  apcrfo,  open.]  —  April  foul. 
subject    of    a  practical  Joke  on 
April  1. 
aprl-o'rl.   1  e  prol-0'ral;   2  fi  prl- 
o'rl.    |I..:  literally,  from  v. 
before!    1.  Logic.  Proceedli 
an  argument ,  from  cause  to  effect, 

or    from    an    assumption    to    Its 

logical  conclusion:  opposed  to  a 

Urri.     Z.    PMlO*.    Trior    to. 
and  thus  Independent  of.  experl- 

onate    S.  Prevldus  to,  or  Apricot,  showing  flower 

with    Insufficient,      I  and  fruit. 

Sj71.:  see    IKAN-i   KM1KNTAI.. 

a'pron,  l  S'pren  or  S'pern;  2  a'pron  or  &'pSrn,  n.  A  cov- 
ering to  protect  or  adorn  the  front  of  a  person's  clothes; 

an  apron-like,  adjustable  covering  on  the  front  of  a  car- 
riage [ME.  napron,  <  OF.  naperon.  A  napron  be- 
came (in  apron.] 

ap"ro-p<»N',  1  ap'ro-po';  2  ap"ro-p5'.  I.  a.  Pertinent;  op- 
portune.  II.  adt  1.  Pertinently;  appropriately.  2. 
By  the  way.  [  <  F.  d  propos;  a,  to,  +  propos,  purpose.] 
— apropos'of,  with  reference  to;  as  suggested  by. 

apse,  1  aps;  2  aps,  n.  1.  A  recess  or  termination,  as  of  a 
church,  usually  semicircular  with  a  half  dome.    2.  The 


1: 3  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10=  feud;    (5hin;    go;    rj  =  sing;    thin,   this.        appraise 

49        2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,    rule,    cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    tbin,    this.  arasc 


eastern  or  altar  end  of  a  church.  [  <  L.  apsis,  arch,  < 
Gr.  hapsis,  wheel,  <  hapto,  fasten.) 

ap'si-dal,  1  ap'si-dal;  2  ap'si-dal,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  like,  or 
having  an  apse,  apses,  or  apsides. 

ap'sls,  1  ap'sis;  2  ap'sis,  n.  [-si-des,  1  -si-diz;  2 -si-des,  pi.]  1. 
Astron.  A  point  of  an  eccentric  orbit  that  is  nearest  to  or 
farthest  from  the  center  of  attraction,  as  the  aphelion  or 
perihelion  of  a  planet.  2.  An  apse.  3.  A  reliquary.  [L.,  < 
Gr.  hapsis,  wheel,  <  hapto,  fasten.] 

apt,  1  apt;  2  apt,  a.    1.  Having  a  natural  or  habitual  ten- 
dency; liable;  likely.    2.  Quick  to  learn;  skilful.    3.  Per- 
tinent; apposite.     [<  L.  aphis,  pp.  of  apo,  fasten,  fit.] 
Syn.:  see  appropriate ;  clever;  likely;  sagacious. 
— aptly,  adv. — apt'ness,  re.    Aptitude. 

Ap'ter-a,  1  ap'tar-a;  2  ap'ter-a,  re.  pi.  A  group  of  inverte- 
brates, variously  ranked  and  Limited,  as  (1)  the  Sucloria 
or  fleas,  and  (2)  an  order  including  all  wingless  arthro- 
pods, now  otherwise  distributed.  [  <  Gr.  apteros,  <  a- 
priv.  +  pteron,  wing.] — ap'tcr-al,  a.  1.  Without  wings.  2. 
Arch.  Having  no  lateral  ranges  of  columns,  as  a  temple. — 
ap'ter-ous,  a.    Without  wings  or  wing=llke  expansions. 

ap'ter-yx,  1  ap'tar-iks;  2  ap'ter-yks,  re.  A  New  Zealand  bird 
with  undeveloped  wings.    r<  a-'*  +  Gr.  p'eryx,  wing.] 

ap'ti-tude,  1  ap'tt-tifjd;  2  ap'ti-tud,  n.     1.  Natural  or 
acquired   adaptation,   bent,   or   tendency;   fitness.     2. 
Quickness  of  understanding;  readiness;  aptness.    [F.,  < 
L.  aphis,  fit,  fitted;  see  apt.]    apt'nesst. 
Syn.:  see  ability;  dexterity. 

apt'ro-nym,  1  apt'ro-nim;  2  apt'ro-nym,  n.  [Humorous  I 
A  surname  indicative  of  an  occupation;  as.  Glass,  the  glazier. 

Ap"u-lei'us,  1  ap"yu-H'us;  2  ap"yu-le'us,  re.  A  Roman  sati- 
rist and  philosopher  of  the  2d  century  B.  C. 

A-pu'lt-a,  1  a-piu'li-a;  2  a-pu'li-a,  re.  A  former  division  of 
S.  E.  Italy;  7,376  sq.  m.— A-pu'11-an,  a.  &  n. 

A-pu"rl-mac',  1  n-pu"n-mak';  2  a-pu"ri-mac',  n.  A  river  in 
Peru;  600  m.  long. 

3Hf.,abbr.    [L.]    Aqua  (water). 

a 'qua,  1  e'kwa;  2  a'kwa,  re.    Water.    [L.] — aqua  ammonia1, 

1  a-mo'ni-i  or  -e;  2  a-mo'ni-e  or  -a,  ammonia. — a.  fortis,  1 
for'[or  fer']tis;  2  for'[or  for']tis,  nitric  acid. — a.  pura,  1  piu'ra 
or  pu'ra;  2  pu'ra  or  pu'ra,  pure  (Med.  distilled)  water.— a. 
regla,  1  rej'i-a  or  reg'i-a;  2  reg'i-a  or  reg'i-a,  a  mixture  of 
one  part  nitric  acid  with  three  parts  hydrochloric  acid  that 
will  dissolve  gold  and  platinum. — a.  vltae,  1  vai'ti  or  vi'te; 

2  vi'te  nr  vi'ts,  distilled  spirits. 

a"qua-ma-rine',  1  e"kwa-ma-rln';  2  a"kwa-ma-rin',  n. 
A  sea=blue  or  sea=green  beryl.     [  <  aqua  +  marine] 

aq"ua-relle',  1  ak'wa-rel';  2  ak'wa-reT,  n.  [F.]  A  water« 
color,  or  painting  in  water=colors. — aq"ua-rel'llst,  re. 

a-qua'ri-um,  1  a-kwe'n-um;  2  a-kwa'ri-flm,  n.  [-hi-ums2 
or  -ri-a,  pi.)  A  tank,  building,  or  the  like,  for  aquatic 
animals  or  plants.     [L.,  <  aqua,  water.] 

A-qua'ri-us,  1  a-kwe'n-us;  2  a-kwa'ri-us,  re.  Astron.  The 
eleventh  sign  of  the  zodiac;  the  Water«bearer.    [L.] 

a-quat'ic,  1  a-kwat'ik;  2  a-kwat'ic.  La.  Pertaining  to, 
living,  growing  in,  or  adapted  to  the  water,  a-quat'i- 
calt-  II.  re.  1.  An  aquatic  animal  or  plant.  2.  pi. 
Aquatic  sports,  as  boating,  etc.  [  <  L.  aquaticus,  < 
aqua,  water.] 

a'qua-tlnt,  1  e'kwa-tint;  2  a'kwa-tlnt,  re.  A  form  of  engrav- 
ing differing  from  an  etching  In  that  spaces  to  give  the  effect 
of  washes  or  tints  in  monochrome  are  bitten  in  by  acid  in- 
stead of,  or  as  well  as,  lines;  also,  an  engraving  printed  from 
a  plate  so  prepared.    [<  aqua  +  tint.]    a"qiia-tin  'la  ;. 

aq 'lie-duct,  1  ak'wi-dukt;  2  ak'we-dtict,  n.  1.  A  water* 
conduit,  particularly  one 
for  supplying  a  commu- 
nity from  a  distance.  2. 
Anat.  A  canal.  [  <  L. 
aqua,  water,  +  ductus, 
pipe.] 

a'que-ous,  1  e'kwi-tis;  2 

a'kwe-us,  a.     Pertaining         »<»v^^^a,yri?rJ^cTV-1'- 

to,   made  with,    formed  ..■••--.•. 

by,  or  containing  water;  Cross-section     of    the    Crotoil 

watery  "cut  and  cover"  aqueduct, 

a-qulf'er-ous,   1   a-kwlf'ar-      Now  York- 

us;  2  a-kwif'er-us,  a.  Conveying  or  supplying  water  or 
watery  fluid.     [  <  L.  aqua,  water,  +  fero,  bear.] 

a'qul-form,  1  G'kwi-f6rm;  2  a'kwl-form,  a.  Like  water; 
liquid.    [<  L.  aqua,  water,  +  forma,  form.] 

aq'uI-lln(cH,  1  ak'wi-lin  or  -lain;  2  ak'wi-lln  or  -ltn,  a.  Of 
or  like  an  eagle  or  an  eagle's  beak;  curving;  hooked,    I 
L.  aquila,  eagle.]  [northeast  wind. 

Aq  'ul-lo,  1  ak'wi-lo;  2  iik'wi-lo,  re.    Rom.  Myth.    The  north  or 

A-qiil'nas,  l  a-kwal'nas;  2  a-kwl'nas,  St. Thomas  (12257 
1274).     An  Italian  Dominican  monk  and  theologian 

Aq"ul-talne',  1  ak"wi-ten';  2  ak'wl-tan',  re.  A  Roman  prov- 
ince In  S.  W.  Qatll,  later  a  trench  duchy,  united  with  En- 
gland 1151-1451.    Aq"ul-ta'nl-at. 

ar-,  prefix.    Euphonic  form  of  ad-.    See  ad-. 


-ar1,  suffix.  Pertaining  to;  like;  as,  regular,  singular;  also,  the 
person  or  thing  pertaining  to;  as,  scholar.  [ME.  -er,  <  OF. 
-er,  F.  -aire,  -ier,  <  L.  -aris  (in  nouns  -art),  used  for  -alis 
when  preceded  by  I.] 

~ar2,  suffix.  A  form  of  -ary,  -er:  refashioned  in  imitation  of 
-An1;  as,  vicar,  ME.  vicary,  viker.  [beggar. 

-ar3,  suffix.    A  form  of  -er:  refashioned  in  imitation  of  -AR2;  as, 

At.,  abbr.  Arab,  Arabia,  Arabian,  Arabic. — ar.,  a&or.  Argent, 
arrival,  arrive,  arrived. — A.  K,  A.,  abbr.  Associate  of  the 
Royal  Academy. 

Ar'ab,  1  ar'ab;  2  ar'ab,  n.  1.  One  of  the  Arabian  race.  2. 
An  Arabian  horse.  3.  [a-]  A  homeless  street  wanderer, 
especially  a  child.    [Ar.] 

Aral).,  abbr.    Arabia,  Arabian,  Arabic. 

ar"a-besque',  1  ar"a-besk';  2  ar"a-bSsk',  re.  Art.  1. 
Fanciful  grouping  of  animal*  and 
plant'forms,  etc.,  as  in  Roman  and 
Renaissance  decoration.  2.  Flat  or- 
namentation employing  interlaced 
lines  and  curves,  as  in  Arabian  ar-d 
chitecture.  [<  It. T  arabesco,  <  Arabo, 
Arab,  ult.  <  Ar.  Arab.]  ar"a-besk'J. 
— ar"a-besque',  a. 

A-ra'bl-a,  1   a-re'bi-a;  2  a-ra'bi-a.  re.    A 
country  of  S.  W.  Asia,  between  the  Red 
Sea  and  the  Persian  Gulf;  pop.  5,000,000.       Arabesque. 
— A-ra'bi-an.    I.  a.     Of  or  pertaining 
to  Arabia  or  its  inhabitants.      II.  re.     A  native  or  natu- 
ralized inhabitant  of  Arabia. 

A-ra'bi-an  Nights'  En"ter-tain'nient.  A  famous  collec- 
tion of  Eastern  stories  supposedly  related  to  the  sultan 
Shahriyar  by  his  wife  Scheherezade  on  a  thousand  and  one 
successive  nights. 

A-ra'bi-an  sea.  The  western  arm  of  the  Indian  ocean  be- 
tween Arabia  and  India. 

Ar'a-bic,  1  ar'a-bik;  2  ar'a-bic.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
Arabia,  its  people,  language,  etc.  II.  re.  The  language 
of  the  Arabians,  now  widely  spread  among  Moham- 
medan nations. — Arabic  figures,  the  numerals  1,  2,  3, 
4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  0.  See  numeral. — Ar'a-bist,  re.  A  student 
of  or  one  versed  in  Arabic  literature,  science,  or  medicine. 

ar'a-bl(ep,  1  ar'a-bl:  2  ar'a-bl,  a.  Capable  of  being 
plowed  or  cultivated.    [  <  L.  arabilis,  <  aro,  plow.] 

Ar'a-by,lar'a-bi;2ar'a-by.  [Archaic  or  Poet.]  I.  a.  Arabian. 
II.  n.     Arabia. 

A-rach'ne,  1  a-rak'm;  2  a-rae'ne,  re.  Myth.  A  Lydian  girl 
who  defeated  Minerva  in  a  weaving  contest,  but,  insulted  by 
the  goddess,  hanged  herself  and  was  changed  into  a  spider. 

A-rach'ni-da,  1  a-rak'm-da;  2  a-r&e'ni-da,  re.  pi.  Zool. 
A  class  of  arthropods,  embracing  the  spiders,  scorpions, 
harvestmen,  mites,  etc.  [<  Gr.  arachne,  spider.]  —  a- 
rach'nid,  re. — a-rach'ni-dan,  a.  &  re. 

a-rach'noid,  1  a-rak'neid;  2  a-rac'noid.  I.  a.  1.  Like  a 
spider's  web;  thin  and  fine.  2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the 
arachnoid  membrane  or  to  the  Arachnida.  3.  Bot. 
Composed  of  slender  entangled  hairs;  cobwebby.  II.  re. 
1.  Anat.  The  arachnoid  membrane.  2.  One  of  the 
Arachnida.  [<  Gr.  arachne,  spider,  -) — oid.] — arach- 
noid membrane,  a.  tissue  (Anat.),  the  middle  one  of  the 
three  membranes  enveloping  the  brain  and  spinal  cord:  be- 
tween the  dura  mater  and  the  pia  mater. 

a-ra'da,  1  a-ru'da;  2  ii-ra'dii,  re.  [ISp.]  Land  that  has  been 
tilled. 

a-rage't,  v.    To  enrage!  render  furious.  [Spain. 

Ar'a-gon,  1  ar'a-gon;  2  ar'a-gOn,  re.    Former  kingdom,  N.  E. 

A"ra-Kuay\  1  ci"ru-gwoi';  2  ii"rii-gwy',  re.  A  river  in  Brazil; 
1,000  m.  long.    A-ra"gua-ya't. 

Ar'al  sea,  1  ar'al;  2  iir'al.  A  salt  Inland  sea  In  Russian  Turkes- 
tan; 26, 166  Sq.  ni. 

A'ram,  1  6'ram;  2  ii'rani,  Eugene  (1704  1759).  An  English 
schoolmaster,  hanged  for  the  murder  of  a  shoemaker;  sub- 
ject of  a  novel  by  Bulwer«Lytton  and  of  a  poem  by  Hood. 

Ar"a-ma'lc,  lar"a-tne'ik;  2  ar"a-ma'ir.  I.  fl.  Same  as  Aha- 
mean.  II.  re.  1.  The  northern  class  of  the  Semitic  family  of 
languages,  embracing  Chaldee,  Syrlac,  etc.  '!■  Chalilee  as 
spoken  by  the  Jews;  the  language  < >T  Palestine  after  I  lie  cap- 
tivity and  that  spoken  by  Christ  and  his  disciples, 

Ar"a-me'ait,   I  1  ar"a-ml'an:  2  iir'a-mc'aii,  a.    Of  or  pertaln- 

Ar"a-m,c'an,  J lng  to  the  ancient    \rara  (Mesopotamia)  »r 

Arainaa  (Syria  and  Mesopotamia),  or  their  peoples,  lan- 
guages, etc.  —  Ar"a-nu''an,  re. 

Ar"a-iic'i-da,  1  ar"e-nl'l-da;  2  ar"a-ne'i-da,  n.  pi.  An 
order  of  arachnids;  the  spiders.  [<  L.  aranea,  spider.] 
Ar"a-ne-l'na$. 

a-ra'HC-OUS,  1  a-re'ni-us;  2  a-rfi'ne-UM,  a      Made  up  of  or 

covered  with  slender  tangled  hairs;  cobwebby,    a-ra'- 
ne-osi'|. 
Ar'a-rat,  1  ar'a-rat;  2  ar'a-rat,  n.     A  mountain  In  Armenia; 
16,900  ft.;  traditional  resting-place  ol  Noah'sark.  <7e».vlll,  4. 

a-rase't,  v.    To  erase;  uproot. 


.trl>.ilr»i 


■%■     \ 


I  i  .,,.,-,•;   full,  rftli-;   l.ul,  liftrn; 

11  I  •         ■  iii  i  ..      01,  lit ,  won, 


b»-ll«i    .     »r   Maal!.        ir   lu-l.-i    .r. 
dMan.    near 


ar   M-(rr. 


»r   hl-lra-h 


ar-Mi   r.«-nn  in. 


\ 


I, 

wiling 

ruling  In  such 


I 


■ 
ar  M  Urn  If  i  I  tra-ry 


:i  l>y  arbitl 


I. 

Jul 

■  ionary. 
.  harsh. 
tyran- 
ts;  IMFK&I01 

raited,  mild.  obliging. 


ar'bl-tra-rl-l>.  ■:  .'-  ar'hl-ir  .1-  r  I  -  n  ■ 
ar'hl-trate.     1  r'bi-tr'it.   r.       [-TRACED"1; 
I .  -   ttle  by  arbi- 
tral.         II  • .  resort  to  arbitra- 

.  ARBITER.] 
ar"bl-tra'tlon.  n.     The  hearing 
and 

ar   lii-lr.i' 'tor,         I. 
men!  nf  par::' 

itter;  an 

ar  •|,l-tr.i"!ri\.  rbitresB; 

also,  a  woman  who  hag  absolute  control  or  disposal. 

ar-bll  Ti-nii  nl.   .  RSAatRVT. 

ar'bla-t  ar 'hlast-cr.n 

ar'hor  .  |  1 .  '!.  \  spindle 

\rli«ir  Day 
-  on  which  ir* 
are  planted      ar-bo're-al. 

I  or  situated  among  trees,     ar-bo  TC-OOa,  of  the 

nature  of  or  like  a  tree:  forming  a  tree-trunk,  as  distinguished 
tromaahrut       ar  "bo-r<«  '<  <  in  . 

appearance,  or  size ;  branching.     ar"lm-n>  ccnce,  n. — ar'- 
bor-'  i  .all  tree;  shrub.—  ar'bor-ou>,  n.     Of  or 

pertaining  to  trees. 
»r'r><«r  .  -..  supporting 

nied  walk  or  nook.      |Orig.  herber,  <  LL/™  herba- 
rium. <  herba. her\ >      arbour: 
»rl..,r  .  ilture. 

»r"bo-ri'ium,  1  fir'bo-rt'tum;  2  ar*bo-revtum.  n.     A  botan- 

leal  garden:  tree-garden.    [L.] 
ar'lxf-ri-.  bo-ri-.     Prom  Latin  arbor,  tree: 

ir  T>or-i-«ul "  t  lire, 

ar"bor-l-cul  'lur-al.  ar"bor- 

i-rul  tiir-i-i.         ar'b<>r-l-form".        Formed  111 
ar'bor  >  I   i  I  .  '•<".  pi.     An  • 

family.     (I...  lit.  tree  of  life ,| 

ar'bu— •  h  .  -!.  n     1.  A  dwarf 

'J.  An  arbus- 

ar-bu»'rul«\  |  ■.--■ 

cilia. 
ar'but«?:,  1  arTji  it    2  ir/bfit,  a.    'I  a  straw- 

berrytree.     [<  I,  firfnifrii]     T  Im'tf  in. 
ar-bute".  i 

Ar'bu-tti».  1    -  I  ill  genus 

.'. 

ar-bu'tu-  . 

'  railing  arbtiiu- 
arc,  1  ark;  2  arc.  r,     1.  i  ,,t  a  cir- 

i  bow:  an  arch.    2.1  ecurring 

betw«»en  two  adja  .  with  a 

h  a  bow  for: 
lighting  agency  in  th>- arc  li'.'b'.      I    ,  <  L.  arcu*.  bow  ] 
— arr.  --arc. 

Arc,  Jeanne  d'.    .rame  as  Joan  or  ABC. 


M 

ar-i   uli    . 
Vi-.    i    .ll-i. 

n  il  homo 

.1  rustle 
>  contentment. 

V  I)  \r-i    i   .ll-.in. 

I  U>A         dla. 

rural  "t"  >imi  l  ■ . 

ar-ca 'mini,  l  ir  M'num :  2  ar-ca'nCun.  a.    [-n  a,  ;•/ 1    an  Inner 

arch.  i  :t        larch,       l. '     fc>  form  into  an  arch;  curve; 
with  an  arch  or  arohi       ll.       To  form  an  arch  or 

arch,         j.i  ri«i  ■!  by  merry  and  inn nl  cun- 

d  -ii :  playful!)  .'.      ;  inent ; 

chief.     [<  G  I  |     arch  If,  arch'- 

nesa, 

arch,         I.    \  bow>like  curve,  structure,  or  ol>j.  •        .'. 

\  itruotura  supported  at  the  sides  or  ends  only, 


A  dweller  In  Ana- 


3% 

i ' 

IS 

■     — 

/ 

1  ■  ■  •!  '  ■■ ' 

Typical  Ar 
.■  nl  pomUdanh.  «ii)i  <rrt.il  unbM  «i..\r.      1  Round  »rrh.    :i.  E 
ranarah.     4.  Rampant  araa.    e,  ennrn;  kt  kojiton 

■.  *.  K|.rlnirrre-.  «;,,  Bpan.lrr! .  -    traj 


and  formed  of  distinct  pieces  no  one  of  which  -pan.--  t lo • 
arch-,  I.'  blef;  principal;  as,  arcA^hancellar.'  2.  Very 


jning.    [  <  F.  arche,  for  arc,  <  1. 


T 


extreme;  ;is.  arc/i-knavc.     [<    <;r.   rirchi-.  arch-.    < 

chief.]  [dbbr.    Architect, 

arch..  oi>6r.    Archaic,  archery,  architecture,     arch.,  archt., 

\r-cha-'aii,  I  1  ar-kl'an.  -i  •  'an,  -ca'an.  ';.     Qeol. 

Ar-ciiai'aii.  -  Pertaining  to. the  oldest  period  or  strata  of  geo- 

logtcal  history.     [<   (Jr.  arcfiaiOt,  ancient,    <   arc/it \  liek'in- 
ar"cha'-or<i-g>,  etc.     Same  a-i  iRCHEOLOQl  .  etc. 

ar-rha'ir,  1  or-ke'ik:  2  ar-ca'ic,  ii.  Belonging  to  a  former 
period;  going  out  of  use;  antiquated.  I  <  Gr.  archi,  be- 
ginning ]  ar-cha'l-cal;.  —  ar'cha-lsm,  n.  An  archaic 
word,  Idiom,  orezpn 

arch-an 'ircl,  l  ork-Sn'jel;  2  are-an'gel,  n.  An  angel  of 
highest  rank;  in  Scriptural  use,  (/,.  archangel. — arch"- 
an-gel  'lc,  a. 

arcir'hi-h'np,  l  5r<Jh"bisTi'ep;  2  5rch*bfsh'op,  ■  The 
chief  bishop  of  an  ecclesiastica]  province. — arrh"hKh  '- 
op-rlc,  u.    The  office  and  Jurisdiction  of  an  archbishop. 

Archd.,<zMrr.    Archdeacon,  Archduke. 

arch"dea'fon,  1  arcTi'df'kn;  2  arch'dfi'cn,  n.  A  high 
ordinate  to  the  bishop.  —  arch"- 

dea  'eon-ale.  areli'Mea 'con-rj  ,  r».     [-BIE8*, 

>.r  Jurisdiction  of  an  archdeacon.     arch"dea'eon- 

s'llp,  // 

art  h*dl'o-cese,  1  5rch*dai'o-sIsj  2  irch'dl'o-ces,  n.    The 

diocese  or  jurisdiction  of  an  archbishop. 
arch"dake',  1  drcri'diuk':  2  arch"duk',  n.  1.  A  son  of  the 

emperor  of  Austria,    'i.  Formerly,  one  of  several  sover- 

arch"du'cal.  a       arcli"duch 'ess,  n.     1. 

a  daughter  oi  the  emperor  of  Austria,  'I.  The  wUe  of  an 
archduke  arcli"duch'y,  n.  [-DDCH'ntS*.  pi.]  The  nrri- 
or  office  Of  an  archduke.    areh"duke'domt. 

Ar-chc'an.  "     Late  form  ol  LacKSAjf. 

Ar"che-la'us,  1  or'ki-le'ns:  2  ar"ke-la'us,  n.  Bib.  Ruler  of 
.1: idea,  son  and  succev-..r  of  1 1 ■  ■  r ■  .1 

archcol.,  abbr     Archeologlcal,  archeology. 
ar^cbe-ol'o-gy,  ,\    ar*ki-el'o-ji;    2    ar'ee-81'o-fer',    n. 

ar"cha--ol  'O-gy,  [-aEBB*,  pi.]  The  science  or  study  of 
history  from  relies  and  remains  of  antiquities.  [<  Gr. 
archa  ~  -ology.]— ar"ehe-o-log'le,  ar"che- 

o-log'l-cal,  a.  Pertaining  to  archeology;  versed  in  antlq- 
-ar"che-ol'o-glst,  n.  One  who  Is  devoted  to  or 
skilled  in  archeology.  (All  derivatives  are  spelled  also 
arrha-. 

arch'er,  1  drcTi'ar;  2  arch'er,  n.  One  who  uses  the  bow 
and  arrow.    [  <  L.F  arctw,  bow.] — arch'er-y,  n.   [-iesz, 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    etl;    Iu  =  feud;    c!hin;    go;    ti  =  Bing;    fhin,   this.       arbalest 
51        2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,   this.  argent 


pi.]    1.  The  art  or  sport  of  shooting  with  the  bow.    2.  Archers 
collectively. 

ar'che-type,  1  ar'ki-taip;  2  ar'ce-typ,  n.  A  primitive  or 
standard  pattern  or  model ;  a  prototype.  [  <  Gr.  arche- 
typon;  see  archi-  and  type.] 

Syn.:  see  example;  idea;  ideal;  model. 

— ar'che-ty"pal,  a. — ar"che-typ'lc  or-I-cal,  a. 

arch 'fiend",  1  dreli'fmd";  2  arch'fend",  n,  A  chief  fiend; 
the  devil. 

archi-,  prefix.    Chief:  primitive.    See  arch-. 

ar"chi-di-ac'o-naI,  1  dr"ki-dai-ak'o-nal;  2  ar"ci-di-ae'o- 
nal,  a.    Pertaining  to  an  archdeacon. 

ar"chi-e-pis'co-pa-cy,  1  dr"ki-i-pis'ko-pa-si;  2  ar"ci-e- 
pis'eo-pa-cy,  re.  [-oiesz,  pi.]  The  rank  and  rule  of  an 
archbishop".  —  ar"chi-e-pis  'co-pal,  a. 

ar'cbil,  1  dr'kil  or  ar'chil;  2  sir' oil  or  ar'chil,  re.  1.  A  lichen  of 
the  Cape  Verde  and  Canary  Islands,  yielding  the  dyestuff 
orchil,  and  the  litmus  used  by  chemists  for  testing.  2.  The 
dyestuff  obtained  from  this  lichen;  orchil.  [ME.  orchell,  < 
OF.  orc/wl,  F.  orseille,  <  It.  orcello.]  ar'chalt;  ar'challt; 
ar'chelt;  or'chilj. 

ar'ehi-mage,  1  ur'ki-mej ;  2  iir'ci-mag,  re.  1.  A  chief  magician. 
ar"chi-ma'gusi.  2.  The  chief  priest  of  the  Persian  fire- 
worshipers.  [<  archi-  +  L.  magus  (Or.  magos),  magician. 1 

Ar"chl-me'des,  1  fir"ki-mi'diz;  2  ar'ci-me'des,  re.  A  Greek 
mathematician;  born  in  Sicily  (287?~212  B.  C.).— Ar"chl- 
me-de'an,  a.  — Archimedean  screw,  a  spiral  conduit 
about  an  inclined  axis,  for  raising  liquid  by  rotation. 

arch'ing,  1  drcTi'irj ;  2  arch'ing,  n.  An  arch  or  arches;  the 
building  of  arches;  any  graceful  curve. 

ar"chi-peI'a-go,  1  dr"ki-pel'a-go;  2  ar"ei-pgl'a-go,  n. 
[-goes2  or  -gosz,  pi.]  1.  A  sea  studded  with  islands,  or 
the  islands  collectively.  2.  [A-]  The  isle=abounding  sea 
between  Greece  and  Asia  Minor,  the  ancient  jEgean. 
[<  Gr.^+it  archi-;  see  arch-  +  pelagos,  sea.]— ar"chi-pe- 
lag'ic,  a. 

ar'chi-tect,  1  dr'ki-tekt;  2  ar'ei-teet,  n.  1.  One  who 
plans  buildings,  etc.,  and  directs  their  construction.  2. 
One  who  constructs  or  plans  anything.  [  <  Gr.  archi- 
tekton,  master=builder.] — ar"cbi-tec-ton'ic.  I.  a.  Pertain- 
ing to  architecture;  also,  to  the  scientific  classification  of 
knowledge;  constructive.  ar"chi-tec-ton'i-calt.  II.  re. 
1.  The  science  of  architecture.  ar"chi-tec-ton'ics}.  2. 
The  scientific  arrangement  and  construction  of  systems  of 
knowledge. 

ar'chi-tec"ture,  1  5r'ki-tek"c"hur  or  -tiur;  2  ar'ei-tSc"- 
chur  or  -tur,  n.  1.  The  science  and  art  of  designing  and 
constructing  buildings  or  other  structures.  2.  A  style 
or  system  of  building.  3.  Buildings,  etc.,  collectively. 
See  illus.  on  next  page. — ar"chi-tec'tur-al,  a.   -ly,  adv. 

ar'chl-trave,  1  fir'ki-trev;  2  ar'ei-trav,  n.  Arch.  1.  A  chief 
beam;  that  part  of  an  entablature  which  rests  upon  the  col- 
umn»headfl  and  supports  the  frieze.  2.  A  molded  ornament, 
as  of  an  arch.    [F.,  <  L.  archi-  +  trabs,  beam.] 

ar  'chive,  1  dr'kaiv;  2  ar'elv,  n.  1.  pi.  A  depository  for 
public  documents:  used  mostly  in  the  plural.  2.  A  pub- 
lic document  or  record.  [  <  Gr.LL+F  archeion,  a  public 
office,  <  archo,  rule.]    Syn.:  see  history. 

ar'chi-volt,  1  dr'ki-volt;  2  iir'ei-volt,  re.  Arch.  1.  An  orna- 
mental molding  following  the  outer  curve  of  an  arch.  2.  An 
arch  considered  as  supporting  superincumbent  weight.  [< 
It.  archivollo,  <  arco  (<  L.  arcus),  arch,  +  volta,  vault,  < 
L.  volulus,  pp.  of  volvo,  roll.]    ar'chi-vaulti. 

arch'ly,  arch'ness.     See  arch,  a. 

ar'cbon,  1  ur'kon;  2  iir'con,  re.  Gr.  Hist.  One  of  the  chief 
magistrates  of  ancient  Athens.  [L.,  <  Gr.  archbn,  <  archo, 
rule.] 

arch 'way",  1  dreVwe";  2  arch'wa",  n.  An  arched  en- 
trance or  passage. 

ar'co-grapb,  1  cir'ko-grof;  2  iir'co-graf,  re.  A  device  for  draw- 
ing curves  wii  hout  striking  them  from  a  center.  [<  L.  arcus, 
an  ,    !    <  Jr.  graphO,  write.) 

Ar-eo'le,  1  or-ko'le;  2  ar-co'lg,  re.  A  village  in  N.  Italy;  scene 
Of  Napoleon's  victory  over  the  Austrians,  Nov.  15-17,  1790. 

arc 'tie,  1  drk'tlk;  2  nre'tic.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to,  suitable 
for,  or  designating  the  north  pole  or  the  regions,  etc., 
near  it ;  far  northern;  cold;  frigid.  II.  n.  1.  The  arctic 
circle  or  regions.  2.  [U.  S.]  A  warm,  water«proof  over- 
shoe. [<  Gr.  arktos,  bear,  the  constellation.] — arctic 
Circle,  the  imaginary  circle,  23°2S',  thai  separates  the  north 
temperate  from  the  QOrth  frigid  /.one.      A.  ocean,  the  body 

of  water  surrounding  the  north  pole;  area.  5,541,630  sq.  m, 

Arc-tu'rus,  1  nrk-tlu'nrs;  2  arc-tu'rus,  re.  Astron.  The  prin- 
cipal star  in  the  constellation  Hootes. 

ar'cu-atc,  1  dr'kifi-ct,;  2  ar'cfi-a.l ,  a.  Arclike  in  form; 
bowed;  arched.  [<  L.  arcualus,  pp.,  <  arr.ua,  bow.] 
ar'cu-at"edj. 

ar"cu-a'tion,  l  Sr*kiu-S'8lien;  2  ar'eu-a'shon,  n.  1.  The 
act  of  bending,  or  the  state  of  being  bent;  curvature.  2. 
Arched  work. 

ar'cu-ba-llst,  re.    Same  as  arbalest.— ar'cu-ba-llst"er,  n. 


-ard,  svffix.  Used  to  form  from  adjectives  personal  nouns  de- 
noting the  possession  in  a  high  degree  of  the  quality  denoted 
by  the  adjective;  as,  drunkard,"  sometimes  changed  to  -art, 
as  in  braggart.    [<  F.-ard,  <  G.-hart,  <  hart,  hard.] 

ar'den-cy,  1  dr'den-si;  2  iir'den-cy,  n.  The  quality  of 
being  ardent;  intensity;  warmth. 

Ar"dennes',  1  ar"den';  2  ar"den',  re.  A  forest  and  hill  country 
in  S.  E.  Belgium,  N.  E.  France,  and  Rhenish  Prussia. 

ar 'dent,  1  dr'dent;  2  ar'dSnt,  a.  Vehement  in  emotion  or 
action;  passionate;  intense;  also,  hot;  burning.  [  <  L.OF 
ardeo,  burn.] 

Syn.:  burning,  eager,  excitable,  fervent,  fervid,  fierce, 
fiery,  glowing,  hot,  impassioned,  inflammable,  intense,  keen, 
longing,  passionate,  sanguine,  vehement.  See  eager. — Ant.: 
apathetic,  calm,  cold,  cool,  dispassionate,  frigid,  icy,  indiffer- 
ent, listless,  phlegmatic,  platonic,  stolid,  stony. 

— ardent  spirits,  alcoholic  distilled  liquors. — ar'dent- 
ly,  adv. — ar'dent-ness,  re. 

ar'dor,  1  dr'dar;  2  ar'dor,  re.  1.  Warmth  or  intensity  of 
passion  or  affection;  eagerness;  vehemence;  zeal.  2. 
Great  heat,  as  of  fire,  sun,  or  fever.  [L.,  <  ardeo,  burn.] 
ar'dourt.    Syn.:  see  enthusiasm;  warmth. 

ar'du-ous,  1  dr'jQ-[or  -diu-]us;  2  ar'ju-[or  -du-]us,  a.  1. 
Involving  great  labor,  hardship,  or  difficulty;  difficult. 
2.  Toiling  strenuously ;  laborious ;  troublesome.  3.  Steep 
and  lofty.    [  <  L.  arduus,  steep.]     -ly,  adv.     -ness,  re. 

Syn.:  difficult,  exhausting,  hard,  laborious,  onerous,  se- 
vere, toilsome,  trying.  Hard  may  be  aative  or  passive;  a 
thing  may  be  hard  to  do  or  hard  to  bear.  Arduous  is  always 
active.  That  which  is  difficult  may  require  labor,  or  simply 
skill  and  address,  as  a  difficult  problem  or  puzzle.  That 
which  is  arduous  always  requires  persevering  toil. — Ant.: 
easy,  facile,  light,  pleasant,  slight,  trifling,  trivial. 

arc,  1  dr,  2  ar,  2d  per.  plural  (used  as  a  singular)  present 
itid.  &  1st,  2d,  &  3d  per.  pi.  pres.  ind.  of  be,  v. 

are,  1  ar;  2  ar,  re.  A  land=measure  =  119.38  square  yards.  See 
metric  system,  under  metric.    [F.,  <  L.  area,  area.] 

a're-a,  1  e'n-a;  2  a're-a,  n.  1.  Any  open  space.  2.  A 
tract  or  portion  of  any  surface.  3.  Superficial  extent. 
4.  A  small  sunken  court  in  front  of  a  basement.  [L., 
open  space.] — a're-al,  a. 

Ar'e-ca,  1  ar'i-ka;  2  ar'e-ca,  n.  1.  A  genus  of  tropical  palms, 
including  the  betel=nut  palm.  2.  [a-]  A  tree  of  this  genus,  or 
its  fruit.    See  betel=nut.    [Pg.,  <  Malay  ddekka.] 

ar'e-fyt,  v.    To  dry;  wither. 

a-re'na,  1  e-rl'na;  2  a-re'na,  n.  1.  The  oval  central  space 
for  contestants  in  a  Roman  amphitheater.  2.  Any 
sphere  of  action  or  contest.    [L.,  sand.] 

ar"e-na'ceous,  1  ar"i-ne'^hus;  2  ar"e-na'shus,  a.  Per- 
taining to  or  like  sand;  full  of  or  growing  in  sand;  sandy. 

a-re'o-la,  1  8-ri'o-la;  2  a-re'o-la,  re.  [-l.e,  1  -li;  2  -le,  pi.] 
A  small  space  or  interstice  in  a  network  of  veins  or  ves- 
sels, as  on  leaves;  the  colored  circle  about  a  nipple  or 
about  a  vesicle;  a  depressed  spot.  [L.,  dim.  of  area, 
open  space.)  ar'e-olet. — a-re'o-iar,  a. — areolar  tissue, 
connective  tissue  composed  of  loose  meshes  of  fibers  enclos- 
ing irregular  cavities;  cellular  tissue. 

ar"e-om'e-ter,  1  ar"i-om'i-tar;  2  ar"e-om'e-ter,  re.  An 
instrument  for  measuring  the  specific  gravity  of  liquids 
usually  a  hydrometer.  [  <  Gr.  araios,  rare,  +  metron, 
measure.] 

A"re-op'a-gus,  1  e"n-[or  ar"i-]ep'a-gus;  2  a"re-[or  ar*e-]6p'a- 
gus,  re.  A  hill  on  which  the  highest  court  of  ancient  Athens 
held  its  sessions;  hence,  the  court  itself.  [L.,  <  Gr.  A relop- 
agos,  <  Arls,  Mars,  +  pagos,  hill.] — Ar"e-op'a-glte,  n.  A 
member  of  the  court  of  the  Areopagus. 

A"re-qul'pa,  1  d"re-kl'pa;  2  a"re-ki''pa,  n.  A  city  in  S.  Peru, 
capital  of  the  department  of  that  name;  pop.  40,000. 

A 'res,  1  e'riz;  2  a'reg,  re.  Or.  Myth.  The  Greek  god  of  war; 
identified  with  the  Roman  Mars. 

Ar"e-thu'sa,  1  ar"i-thiu'sa;  2  ar"e-thu'sa,  re.  Class.  Myth.  A 
nymph,  guardian  of  the  fountain  bearing  her  name. 

arg.,  abbr.    Argenlum_i\j.,  silver),  (Her.)  argent. 

ar'gal,  1  fir'gal;  2  iir'gal,  re.    Same  as  ahgol. 

ar'gal,  1  fir'gal;  2  ar'gal,  conj.    Therefore.    [Cor.  of  L.  ergo.] 

ar'ga-la,  1  ur'ga-la;  2  iir'ga-la,  re.  An  adjutant'bird;  a  mara- 
bou.   I  1 1  ■  r ■•  l  I 

Ar'gand,  1  ar'gand;  2  iir'gand,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  system  of 
lighting  devised  by  Alme  Argand  of  ( leneva  (about  1782).— 
Argand  burner,  a  burner  producing  a  hollow  cylindrical 
flame,  supplied  with  air  within  as  well  as  wit  liout. 

ar'gent,  1  dr'jent;  2ar'g8nt.    I.  a.    Like  or  made  of  silver; 

while;  silvery.  II.  n.  Silver;  silvery  quality  or  color; 
Whiteness.  [F.,  <  I>.  argentum,  silver.]  ar'gen-tan,  n 
German  silver,  ar'gcn-latc.  I.  n.  Silvery  or  Bhlnlng' 
white.  II.  n.  Client.  A  salt.  In  which  silver  acts  as  an  aeld 
radical.  ar"gen-(a'll(>n,  re.  A  coating  or  plating  With 
silver,  ar-gen'tlc,  a.  Chrm.  Pertaining  to  or  containing 
silver,  especially  In  its  higher  valence  ar"gcii-(lf'cr-oiis, 
a.  Silver-bearing.  —  ar-gen'tous,  «.  Chem.  Of,  pertaining 
to,  or  containing  silver  In  Its  lower  valence. — ar-geu'tuiu, 
n.  Chem.  Sliver.  [L.J 


01     ARCHITECTURE. 
1    Doorway  of  the  Pala  ebleaa  I  r:ui'-e  (Renalssari"  '  pplila,  Constantinople  (Byzantine). 

3    pa_  ena  Cathedral,  France  (Gothic).    ",.  Courtof  Temple  of  Edlou  (Egyptian).    <>■  Pueblo 

7.  Jumel  Mansion,  New  York  (Colonial),    n.  Lake-dwellings  (Malay).    9. 
Chap.  ngland  (Norman).    10.  Ann  Hathaways  cottage.  8tratforo>on»Avon.  England 

j    I. a  Glralda,  Spain  (Moorish).    13.  Pantheon,  Rome  (Roman),     ii.  A 
serine  Log  cabin.    1 7.  Eskimo  Ice  hut  (Igloo),  showing  Interior.    18.  Canter- 

bury Cathedral,  England  (Pointed).     lfJ.   Woolworth  Building  (Modern  American). 


l:a=»  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    10=  feud;    tfhin;    go;    o  =  sino;    fhin,    this,      argentine 
53      2: wplf,  dfl;   book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,  but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this.  Arm. 


ar'gen-tlne,  1  fir'jen-tin  or  -tain;  2  ar'gen-tln  or  -tin.  I. 
a.  1.  Silvery.  2.  [A-]  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  Argentine 
Republic.  II.  n.  1.  Silver=coated  white  metal.  2.  A 
precipitate  of  tin  and  zinc.  3.  A  pearly  calcite.  4.  The 
silvery  pigment  of  fish=scales.  5.  [A-]  A  native  or  citi- 
zen of  the  Argentine  Republic. 

Ar'gen«tine  Be-pub'lle,  1  ar'jen-tin;  2  ar'gen-tln.  A  federal 
republic  in  South  America;  1,153,119  sq.  m.;  pop.  7,172,000, 
capital,  Buenos  Aires. 

Ar-gler'||,n.    Algiers. 

ar'gil,  1  dr'jil;  2  ar'gil,  re.  1.  Potters'  clay;  white  clay.  2. 
Aluminite.    [  <  Gr.  argillos,  <  argos,  white.] 

— ar"gll-llf  'er-ous,  a.    Containing  or  yielding  argil. 

ar"giI-Ia'ceous,  1  aV'ji-le'sTius;  2  ar"gi-la'shus,  a.  Con- 
taining, consisting  of,  or  like  clay;  clayey. 

ar  'gll-lite,  1  ar'ji-lait ;  2  ar'gi-llt,  n.   A  fissile  argillaceous  rock. 

ar-gll'lous,  1  ar-jil'us;  2  ar-gil'us,  a.    Argillaceous;  clayey. 

Ar'give,  1  ar'jaiv  or  -gaiv;  2  ar'glv  or  -giv.  I.  a.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  Argos,  or,  loosely,  to  Greece  in  general;  Greek. 
II.  re.    An  inhabitant  of  Argos;  loosely,  a  Greek. 

Ar'go,  1  ar'go:  2  ar'go,  re.  Gr.  Myth.  The  ship  in  which  Jason 
and  the  Argonauts  sailed  for  the  golden  fleece. 

ar'gol,   1   dr'gol;  2   ar'gol,   re.     Crude  cream  of  tartar. 

Ar'go-lls,  1  dr'go-lis:  2  ar'go-Us,  n.  In  ancient  Greece,  the 
northeastern  part  of  the  Peloponnesus,  politically  more  or 
less  under  the  control  of  the  city  of  Argos. 

ar'gon,  1  dr'gan;  2  ar'gon,  n.  A  gaseous  constituent  of 
the  atmosphere,  discovered  in  1894.  See  element.  [  < 
Gr.  a-  priv   +  ergon,  work:  from  its  inertness.] 

Ar'go-naut,  1  ar'go-net;  2  ar'go-nat,  re.  1.  Gr.  Myth.  One 
who  sailed  with  Jason,  in  the  ship  Argo,  for  the  golden'fleece. 
2.  [a-]  An  octopod  cuttlefish  having  a  papery  shell;  a  paper* 
nautilus.  ar"go-nau'tldJ.  [<  Gr.  Argonautes,  <  Argo, 
the  ship,  +  names,  sailor.] — Ar"go-nau'tlc,  a. 

Ar"gonne',  1  ar"gen';  2  ar'gon',  n  A  wooded  plateau  In  E. 
France,  between  Toul  and  Mezieres,  where  severe  fighting 
between  French  and  Germans  occurred  1914  to  1917. 

Ar'gos,  1  ar'ges;  2  ar'gos,  n.    An  ancient  city  of  Greece. 

ar'go-sy,  1  dr'go-si;  2  ar'go-sy,  n.  [-siesz,  pi.]  A  large, 
richly  laden  ship,  as  formerly  of  Ragusa.  [  <  It.  Ragu- 
sea,  <  Ragusa,  port  in  Dalmatia.] 

ar'got,  1  ar'go  or  ar'get;  2  ar'go  or  ar'g6t,  n.  The  peculiar 
phraseology  of  any  class;  slang;  originally,  a  jargon  used  by 
thieves  and  rogues.    [F.] — ar-got'ic,  a. 

Arg.  Kep.,  abbr.    Argentine  Republic. 

ar'gue,  1  ar'giu;  2  iir'gu,  v.  [ar'gued;  ar'gu-ing.]  I.  t. 
1.  To  urge  reasons  for  or  against;  debate;  discuss.  2.  To 
influence  (a  person)  by  argument.  3.  To  prove;  show; 
imply.  4f«  To  accuse.  II.  i.  To  present  arguments; 
contend  in  argument;  reason.    [  <  L.  arguo,  show.] 

Syn.:  debate,  demonstrate,  discuss,  dispute,  prove,  ques- 
tion, reason.  To  argue  (L.  arguo,  show)  is  to  show  the  rea- 
sons for  or  against,  so  as  to  make  a  matter  clear  by  reason- 
ing; to  discuss  (L.  dis,  apart,  +  guatio,  shake)  is  to  shake  a 
matter  apart  for  examination  or  analysis.  One  may  argue  or 
discuss  a  matter  by  himself;  or  with  advocates,  to  make  all 
clear;  or  with  opponents,  to  prove  his  position  and  answer 
objections.  See  dispute;  plead;  reason.  —  Prep.:  we  argue 
with  a  person,  about  or  on  a  subject,  for  or  against  a  state- 
ment, opinion,  etc.;  we  argue  a  person  into  or  out  of  a.  course 
of  action;  we  argue  from  a  cause  to  an  effect. 
— ar'gu-a-bl(ep,  a. — ar'gu-cr,  re. 

ar'gu-ment,  1  ar'giu-ment  or  -mant;  2  ar'gu-ment,  n.  1. 
A  reason  offered  for  or  against  something;  .something 
offered  in  proof;  evidence.  2.  A  course  of  reasoning  l>y 
the  use  of  evidence;  demonstration.  3.  Logic.  The  mid- 
dle term  of  a  syllogism.  4.  A  contest  in  reasoning;  de- 
bate; discussion.  5.  The  plot  or  gist  of  a  work;  a  sum- 
mary. 6f.  A  subject  of  controversy.  [<  L.  argumcn- 
lum,  <  arguo,  prove.]    Syn.:  see  reason;  reasoning. 

— ar"gu-mcn-ta'tlon,  n.  Debate;  argument. — ar"gu- 
men'ta-tlv(c8,  a.  Pertaining  to,  consisting  of,  or  marked 
by  argument;  given  to  argumentation. 

Ar'gus,  1  ur'gus;  2  iir'gus,  n.  1.  Gr.  Myth.  A  giant  having  a 
hundred  eyes;  killed  by  Hermes.  'I.  A  sharp-eyed,  watchful 
person;  a  guardian.  3.  An  Kast. Indian  pheasant  (genus 
Argus).— Ar'gus=eyed",  a.    Sharp»slghted;  vigilant. 

ar-gute',  1  ar-giQt';  2  iir-gut',  a.  1.  Quick  or  subtle;  sharp; 
shrewd;  shrill  of  sound.  2.  Bot.  Sharp.toothod.  as  a  serrate 
leaf.    [  <  L.  argutus,  <  arguo,  show.) 

Ar-gyll',  1  ar-gall';  2  ar-gyl',  n.  1.  A  shire  of  W.  Scotland; 
3.110sq.m.;  pop.  74,000.  2.  Duke  of  (1845-1914),  John 
Douglas  Sutherland  ( 'aiuphcll,  lull  Ish  statesman.  Governor* 
general  of  Canada  (1878-1883). 

Arl.,  Ariz,  (oflicial),  abbr.    Arizona..  [melody. 

a'rl-a,  1  a'rl-a  or  e  ri-a;  2  a'rl-ii  or  a'rl-a,  n.    [It]    An  air;  a 

A"rl-ad'ne,  1  6'n-ad'ni;  2  a"rl-i'ui'ne, n.  Myth.  Daughter ol 
Minos;  led  Theseus  out  of  the  labyrinth  by  a  thread. 

A'rl-an',lf;'n-8n;2  il'ri-an.  I.  a.  or  or  pertaining  to  Ariusor 
Arianism.  II.  re.  A  believer  In  Arlanlsm.—  A'rI-aii-lsni,  n. 
The  doctrines  of  Arius  (4th  century)  anil  Mis  followers,  deny- 
ing that  Christ  Is  of  one  substance  with  the  Father. 


A'rI-an2,  a.  &n.    Ethnol.    Same  as  Aryan. 

-arlan,  suffix.     Used  in  forming  adjectives  and  adjectival 

nouns  denoting  occupation,  age,  sect,   etc.;   as,   predesti- 

narian.    [<  L.  -arius,  -ABY,  +  -anus,  -an.] 
ar'id,  1  ar'id;  2  ar'id,  a.    Parched  with  heat;  dry;  barren; 

profitless.     [<  L.  aridus,  <  areo,  be  dry.] — a-rid'i-ty, 

n.    [-tiesz,  pi.)    The  state  or  quality  of  being  arid,    ar'id- 

nessj. 
A'rl-el,  1  e'n-el;  2  a'ri-el,  n.    1.  Myth.  A  spirit  of  the  air  or 

water.    2.  In  Shakespeare's  Tempest,  a  tricksy  sprite,  who 

aids  Prospero. 
A'ri-es,  1  e'n-Iz;  2  a'ri-eg,  n.     Astron.    A  constellation,  the 

Ram;  the  first  sign  of  the  zodiac.    See  constellation. 
a-right',  1  a-rait';  2  a-rlt',  a.  &  adv.    In  a  right  way;  cor- 
rectly; rightly;  exactly. 
ar'il,  1  ar'il;  2  ar'il,  n.    Bot.    An  accessory  covering  of  a 

seed.    [  <  LL.  arilli,  dried  grapes,  <  L.  aridus,  arid.] — 

ar'H-Iate,  a.    ar'H-lafedf. 
Ar"I-ma-thfe'a,  1  ar"i-ma-thl'a;  2  ar'i-ma-the'a,  n.    A  town 

of  ancient  Palestine. 
A"rI-os'to,  1  a"rI-es'to;  2  a"ri-6s'to,  Lodovico  (1474-1533). 

An  Italian  poet;  Orlando  Furioso,  etc. 
a-rise',    )  1  a-raiz' ;  2  a-ris',  vi.  [a-rose',  a-roze'p;  a-ris'- 
a-rize'p,  J  en,  a-riz'np;  a-ris'ing.]     1.  To  spring  forth; 

appear;  issue;  originate.     2.  To  get  up;  come  up;  rise; 

ascend.    3.  To  revive  from  death.    [  <  AS. ;  see  a-2  and 

RISE.] 

Ar"is-tar'chns,  1  ar"is-tar'kus;  2  ar'is-tiir'cus,  n.  1.  A  Greek 
astronomer  in  the  3d  century  B.  C;  taught  that  the  earth 
revolves  around  the  sun.  2.  (220-142  B.  C.)  A  grammarian 
and  critic  of  Alexandria.  [pendage;  awned. 

a-rls'tate,  1  a-ris'tet;  2  a-ris'tat,  a.    Having  a  beard=like  ap- 

Ar"Is-tl'des,  1  ar"is-tai'dlz;  2  ar"is-ti'des,  n.  A  Greek  states- 
man and  general;  surnamed  "the  Just." 

Ar"ls-tip'pus,  1  ar"is-tip'us;  2  ar"is-tip'us,  n.  A  Greek  philos- 
opher (4257-366?  B.  C.)  of  Cyrene. 

ar"is-toc'ra-cy,  1  ar"is-tek'ra-si;  2  ar"is-toc'ra-cy,  n. 
[-ciesz,  pi.]  1.  A  hereditary  nobility;  a  class  or  order 
having  prescriptive  rank  and  rights,  or  being  preemi- 
nent by  birth,  culture,  or  wealth ;  the  chief  persons  of  a 
country.  2.  Government  by  select  persons  or  nobles. 
[<  Gr.  aristos,  best,  +  krateo,  rule.] — ar-is'to-crat,  n.  A 
member  of  an  aristocracy;  a  proud  and  exclusive  person. — 
ar"Is-to-crat'ic,  a.  Pertaining  to  aristocracy;  oligarchic; 
haughty;  exclusive.    -I-calt. — ar"is-fo-crat'I-cal-iy,  adv. 

Ar"ls-toph'a-nes,  1  ar"is-tof'a-niz;  2  ar"is-tof'a-neg,  n.  A 
Greek  poet  and  dramatist  (444?-3S0?  B.  C). 

Ar'Is-tot-le,  1  ar'is-tot-1;  2  ar'is-tot-1,  n.  A  Greek  philosopher 
(384-322  B.  C.) ;  pupil  of  Plato.— Ar"ls-to-te'H-an,  a.  &  n. 

arith.,  abbr.    Arithmetic,  arithmetical. 

a-rith'me-tic,  1  a-rith'mi-tik;  2  a-rith'me-tie,  n.  The 
science  of  numbers  and  computation,  or  a  treatise  upon 
it.  [<  L.  arilhmetica,  <  Gr.  arithmos,  number.] — ar"lth- 
met'1-eal,  a.  -ly,  adv.— a-rlth"me-tl'ciau,  n.  One  who 
uses  or  is  skilled  in  arithmetic. 

-arl ii id,  suffix.  A  termination  forming  nouns  denoting  a  place 
for  (as,  aquarium),  or  that  which  confers  or  is  connected 
with.    JL.,  neut.  of  -arius;  see  -ary.] 

A-ri'us,  1  a-rai'us  or  e'n-us;  2  a-rl'us  or  a'ri-us,  n.  See  Arian1. 

Ar"i-zo'na,  1  ar"i-z5'na;  2  ar"i-zo'na,  n.  A  S.  W.  State  of  the 
United  States;  113,956  sq.  m.;  pop.  204,000;  capital,  Phoenix. 

ark,  1  ark;  2  ark,  n.  1.  Script.  (1)  The  ship  of  Noah  (Gen. 
vi,  14-22).  (2)  The  chest  containing  the  tables  of  the 
law  (Ex.  xxv,  10,  etc.).  (3)  The  papyrus  cradle  of 
Moses  (Ex.  ii,  3).  2.  A  flat»bottotned  freight»boat  or 
scow.  3t.  A  coffer,  chest,  or  bin.  [  <  AS.  arc,  <  L. 
area,  chest.] 

Ark.,  abbr.    Arkansas  (oflicial). 

Ar'kan-sas,  1  Sr'kan-sS;  2  iir'kan-sa,  n.  A  State  of  the  S, 
central  United  States;  53.335  sq.  in.;  pop.  1,574,<000;  capital, 

Little  Rock. 

Ark'wrlght,  1  firk'roir,  2  iirk'rit.  Sir  Richard  (1732-  1792). 
An  English  cotton«manu fact urer;  Invented  spinning-frame. 

arles',  1  <irlz;  2  iirls,  re.  [North.  Eng.  <S  Scot  I  I.  Earnest' 
money.    aries'»pcn"nyt.    S8.  An  earnest.       [Roman] 

Ariose,  i  riri;  2  8x1,  n.    A  city  In  3.  I !.  I  ranee;  pop.  ".l  ,000;  has 

Ar'Ilng-ton,  1  fir'arj-tan;  2  ar'ling-ton,  re.  A  village  in  N.  E. 
Virginia ;  site  <>f  nai  lona  i  cemetery. 

Ar"lon\  1  or"l(in';  2  iii'loii',  re.  A  city  in  S.  E.  Belgium;  en- 
tered by  Germans,  1914. 

arm,  1  arm;  2  arm,  v.  I.  /.  To  provide  with  arms  or  armor 
or  other  means  of  defense  or  attack;  equip;  fortify.  II. ». 
To  have  or  take  arms.  |-  L.  armo,  arm,  <  arma,  weap- 
ons.] 

arm  ,  n.    The  upper  limb  of  I  lie  human  body;  fore  limb  of 

■a  vertebrate;  an  arm*Uke  pari  or  branch.  (  <  AS.  arm.] 
— arm'chalr",  n.  A  ohalr  with  supports  for  the  arms. — 
arm'hole",  re.  An  opening  [or  the  arm  in  a  garment. — 
arm'plt",  n.   The  cavity  under  the  arm. 

arm1,  n.  1.  A  weapon  '.'.  V  <U  tinel  branch  of  the  mili- 
tary service.    Bee  \  bms 

Arm.,  abbr.    Armenian,  Armorlc  —  arm.,  abbr.    Armor. 


Vlll.ll i  •     ■ 

V  rt  .iiiii  - 


I  -  Uti 


^^**"»«s    »rmadluo, 

\\  1, 16. 

ir   in.i-nit m.    . 
i  '.  !  in  tun*  and  munil 

ir   in  i-(  ur.  .  !mr  ,<r  -tur,  n. 

1 

j  lami- 
nat.  .  re  to  be 

.'.  . ir  .1.- 

<  L.'armo,  arm  \ 

\'  .  -.  c'nl-u.  n.     A   mountainous 

of  Turkish  massacre 
Ar-mc'nl-an. 

Ar'nirii'tli'Tc^'.  1  iir'nuiii'ts '.  •  ,"ty<V.  n,     A 

manufacturing  town  in  N.   1 

ma: 
armful.'.  :  inn'ful,  n.    That  which  iii  held,  or 

canbr  held.  In  thcarmnrarms.  — arni'lmU-.  -  S  •  mini1,  n. 
»r  nil-c.  r.  .r'ml-gcr.  n.     An  armor-' 

rats.    [L.,  < 

•nun.  weapo:  .ir-nilg  '.-n. 

»rinil-la-r).  l    -  Pertaining  to  or 

consisting  of  a  ring  or  rings  I 

Ar-tnln'l-u*.  .  oth  •   m't-us.  n.  1.  See Hermann. 

?.  Jacalmi 

\r-mln   l-aii-l-ni.  inlus  and  his 

fOili'U 

orous  view-  of  the  divine  -  Vr-mln  t-an, 

»r-mlp'o-tent.  1  ur-mli/o-tent;  3  Ir-mlp'o-tent,  n 

Mighty  Inarms.  [<  L.  or  ma,  anna.  +  potenj-  r.  powerful.] 
ar'mi-Mh  «•.  .  1  ar'nu-sti-;  2  ftr'nii-atlc,  r».  .1/ il  A  t.-m- 
ar'mt-stl*  .  ,  by  mutual  agreei 

and.] 
arm  lil.   |  rmlet,  n.     A  little  arm;  an  orna- 

irm. 
ar'nmr.  .  Lsf.dc  si.    To  furnish  with 

,t  on  armor.  II.  n.  A  defensive  covering,  as  of  mail 
•  if  metallic  plates  for  a  war-.' 

irmnturn,  armor  ] 
Sjti                       ar'niorihear'Vr.  n.    One  who  bore  the 
arm   •                     -    a  squire  —  ar'mor-er,  n 
pair-                                  inns  or  armor. — ar-mo'rl-al,  a. 
Pertaining   to   heraldry  or   heraldic  arms.  — ar'mo-ry,   n 
fort  .' ; iiiii;  nf  arm«.  the  as- 

sembling of  troop*,  (he  use  of  a  body  of  mllltUi.  etc 
\r-m..r  l-i.i.  -  --mofl-ca.   n      A  district  of 

fir  rnorl  ran,  n.  A  n. 

»r  'nmur.  :-  uimok,  etc. 

arm  'pit.  ■    n>,  n. 

arm*.  I  arms;  2  SJ  1.  '•'•  •  mons  of  offer. 

leetn  rmerly,  armor   2.  The  military  service; 

war  .  ;.  fEcial  insignia  or  device  of 

■  imily.    [  <  I.  r  art 
Synj  armor,  weapons.     Arms  are  Implements  Of  attack; 
armor  bad  provided  with 

cannon  l«  an  ire  armored  ship  la  iteeleclad. 

i  ireapon:  arms 
aret~;  nfllct. 

.ir'mj.   |  ..  n      (au'mik-7-.  pi  ]     1.  A  large 

■iz"l  bods  1  for  military  service  on 

.'.  •!>■,  a.H  of  persons; 

<  I.,  nrmo.  arm.) 
Sjm_-  arm  a-  rnllltary,  mul- 

titude, phalanx,  n  ..  troops.     Una  Is  used  for 

any  vast  and  orderly  assemblage:    at  re  called 

the  heavenly  hoit.  .\t ultifurit  expresses  number  without 
order  or  organization.  Organization  and  unity  rather  than 
numbers  are  the  essentials  of  an  army;  a  multUmlt  ol  armed 
men  Ls  not  an  irmly,  but  a  mob.  I.fQinn  ifrorn  the  Lathi)  and 
phalnni  'from  the  Greek)  are  applied  by  a  kind  of  poetic 
■'■  to  modern  fmrrt;  the  plural  I'ginn-t  Is  preferred  to  the 
singular     Any  organized  body  of  men  by  whom  law 

•    for  the  police  of  any 
loc  . 

ir'mj  irorpi",  n.    The  largest  division  of  an  army  (not 
now  a  part  of  the  United  States  army; ,  including  all  branches 


•'•   :   fu!l,  rflle;    I'lit.  hOrn; 
>  iii  I  -ii       ii      ir,  won,        54 

'•  mj  of  ItaaU     a. -worm,  a, 

.■  \  :i  of  a  moth  «  I'll  li  ni'H  M  ill  I  In" 

•landing  a.,  the  t»"i\  of  regular  soldiers  perms 

ir  hi-,  .i.  i.  \  herb  ii-i-iiii'.  I  m  tea)  of 

I .    \     •  \ii  i  oal  remod) .  for  ■  pra 

\rini.  ]  "  i-  n"  n     \  river  of  Tuscany,  flowing  1 n, 

through  I ■lorrtiiT  to  ihc  Mediterranean 
tr'nokf,  I        i  >ld    !  I.  Benedlrl    ith    ism  .  ,n 

traitor  In  the  Revolutlonar)  «ar     1 .  8I( 

Edwin  ■    loot  .  :m  i  iu-ii.il  pool  and  Orlentall         I 

Matthen    i  -  v 
.ir-uoi  in.  i  hi  net'o  i.  \    mall  tropical  Imer 

Iran  tree  of  the  Indian  plum  family,  producing  the  annatto 

of  commcit  •      I  an-nol  '- 

In;  ;  a-llol    In     ;    ir-ll.ll  'liij. 
\-rul'ile-;r.   1   B  r,,l',li  I.  :.'  a  rol'de  ■  .  H    ;■'       Bot,     The  arum 

famll        ir  old,  a-rol'de-ous, 

:i-rulnl'.  1   ,.  r,,lnt'.  °  a-roiut'.  r.     [Archaic  or  Poet.]     To  b( 

takeout  of  the  way;  In  the  Imperative,  with  reflexive  thet  or 

.i-r.,i  nl  ' 

a-ro mi.  l  s-rO'ms;  2  a-r&'ma,  n.  |-\tv-'  or  -ua-ta,  1 
-m.i-t.i;  2  -ma-ta,  pi  |  Fragrance,  as  from  plant  ;  agree- 
able odor  [<  dr.1-  arOfna, spice.]  »rwo-mat'lc.  I.  u. 
Having  an  aroma;  fragrant;  aplcj  ar*o-niat'l-calt;  a- 
ro'ma-toust.    II.  n.    Anar atlc substance,    a-ru'ma- 

ll/e. 

A-roos'tiMik.  l  B-rfls'tuk;  8  a-roo      -  \  river  (length 

i  in  in  i  and  county  (0,463  sq.  m.;  pop.  76,000)  In  N.  .Maun-. 
hok'i  bap  of  tajag,  i . 


l-'lfteenth ■century  Ocrman  Armor,  Period  of  Maximilian  I. 
Fir.  1,1  i,  lt»ok. 

1     II.Mr.l  ,,r  BftTOT  'lowrrcli.  plinwln? '_'„.  r"»»<\  or  hlnp*.     :t. 

rami  or  bfMrtplltt. 

-i,...il.lrr-piro^i.  (pnUdnms). 

11.    R*i"  .....  f|MIMllHlt)        19.    In-I" 

rlv«tfl.  14.  1  ['it  arm-i-iisr'W  (rarabn 

ly.wi-r  ann-r'ikr'lfl  i  v»rnl.r-.  OTBDnUrll, 

■  i-  ru,.,ti  «mi  tnillM).     'J" 

Mfttl*^  .M  r.*ru»r'l«i  /(rmr'!«-«*r*'lnf.«l.    SS    l.'.w.T  La^lcr-lnl*. 

'j.i.  Thlghfaafdi («alib«l).     -\  Kn*^»pl»?c««  drcDoulll&r"Bj.    '. 
(junb««).     SO.  hb'«f  of  mail  (eollereta,  or  pMlrux). 

a-round',  1  s-raund';  2  a-round'.    I.  a'ir.    1.  So  as  to  en- 
compass or  encircle  all  sides;  in  various  directions.     '£. 

i  In-  opposite  way  or  different  ways 
lively.     3,  From  place  to  place;  here  and  there.     II. 

On  all  or  various  sides  of;  about.     [<  a-1    -f- 

I'.ut  so.) 

a-roiisc',  1  a-rouz';2  a-rous',  rf.  [a-rocsep';  a-rocs'ino  ] 
To  awaken  ;  excite;  animate;  rouse. 
Syn.:  see  encoubaob;  htik. 

a-rous 'al,  n.    An  arousing:  awakening. 

;i-row',  1  .t-ro';2  a-ro',  adv.    [Poet.]    Inarow. 

ar-peg'glo,  ]  cir-pej'o;  2  ar-peg'o.  n.    MUS.    The  sounding  of 
the  t.  rd  in  rapid  succession  Instead  ol  simul- 

taneously, as  in  playing  the  harp;  also,  a  chord  so  played, 
fit.,  <  arpa,  <  i.f.  harpa, harp.] 

ar'que-bus,  n.    Same  as  harquebus,    ar'que-buset. 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  hablt^   aisle; 
55       2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full, 


au  =  out;    oil;    Iu  =  feud;    Chin;    go;    n  =  sires;    thin,   this. 
r«le,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


armada 
Artemus 


arr.,  abbr.  Arrival,  arrive,  arrived,  arrives. 
ar'raek,  1  ar'ak;  2  ar'ak,  n.  A  strong  Oriental  liquor  distilled 
from  the  juice  of  the  coco«palm,  etc.;  hence,  any  distilled 
liquor.  [<  Ar.  'araq,  <  'araqa,  sweat.] 
ar-raign',  1  a-ren';  2  a-ran',  vt.  1.  Law.  To  call  into 
court  and  cause  to  answer  to  an  indictment.  2.  In  gen- 
eral, to  accuse.    [  <  L.OF  ad,  to,  +  ratio{n-),  reason.] 

Syn.:  accuse,  censure,  charge,  cite.  Impeach,  indict,  sum- 
mon. One  may  charge  another  with  any  fault,  great  or 
trifling,  privately  or  publicly,  formally  or  informally.  Ac- 
cuse suggests  more  of  the  formal  and  criminal.  Indict  and 
arraign  apply  strictly  to  judicial  proceedings,  and  only  an 
alleged  criminal  is  indicted  or  arraigned.  An  alleged  criminal 
is  indicted  hy  the  grand  jury  and  arraigned  before  the  court. 
Censure  carries  the  idea  of  fault,  but  not  of  crime;  it  may  be 
private  and  individual,  or  public  and  official.  A  judge,  a 
president,  or  other  officer  of  high  rank  may  be  impeached 
before  the  appropriate  tribunal  for  high  crimes;  the  veracity 
of  a  witness  may  be  impeached  by  damaging  evidence.— Ant.: 
acquit,  condone,  discharge,  excuse,  exonerate,  forgive,  over- 
look, pardon,  release,  set  free.— Prep.:  Arraign  at  the  bar,  be- 
fore the  tribunal,  of  or  for  a  crime;  on  or  upon  an  indictment. 
— ar-raign'ment,  n.  The  act  of  arraigning;  accusation. 
ar-range',  1  a-renj';  2  a-rang',  v.  [ah-ranged';  ar-rang'- 
ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  put  in  definite  or  proper  order;  agree 
upon  the  details  of,  as  a  plan;  adjust;  adapt.  2.  Mus. 
To  change  or  adapt.  II.  i.  To  make  preparations;  make 
an  agreement  or  settlement.  [  <  F.  d,  to,  +  ranger, 
range.)  Syn.:  see  adapt;  prepare;  regulate;  set;  settle. 
—  ar-range'ment,  n.  1.  An  arranging  or  that  which  is  ar- 
ranged; disposition;  order.  2.  A  preparation,  measure,  or 
plan.  3.  Settlement,  as  of  a  dispute;  adjustment.  Syn.:  see 
contract. 
ar'rant,  1  ar'ant;  2  ar'ant,  a.  1.  Notoriously  bad;  unmit- 
igated. 2f.  Errant.  [Var.  of  errant.]  ar'rauntf. 
Ar"ras',  1  a"rds';  2  ii"ras',  n.  1.  A  fortified  city  of  N.  K. 
i- ranee;  pop.  27,000.  Here  the  French  drove  back  the 
Germans  April  9-14,  1917.  3.  [a-]  The  tapestry  formerly 
made  there. 
ar-ray',  1  a-re';  2  a-ra'.  I.  vt.  1.  To  draw  up  in  order  of 
battle;  marshal;  set  in  order.  2.  To  clothe;  dress.  II.  n. 
1.  Regular  or  proper  order;  arrangement,  as  for  battle, 
display,  etc.  2.  The  persons  or  things  arrayed;  a  mili- 
tary force.  3.  Clothing;  dress.  [  <  OF.  areyer,  <  a,  to, 
+  rei,  order.]  Syn.:  see  dress. 
ar-rear ',  1  a-rlr' ;  2  a-rer',  n.  A  part,  as  of  a  debt,  overdue 
and  unpaid:  commonly  in  the  plural.  [<F.arriere,  < 
L.  ad,  to,  +  retro,  backward,  <  re-,  back.]— ar-rear'age,  n. 
Arrears. 
ar-rest'J,  1  a-rest';  2  a-rest'.  1.  vt.  1.  To  stop  suddenly ; 
check.  2.  To  take  into  custody.  3.  To  attract  and  fix; 
engage.  II.  n.  An  arresting;  a  stop,  check,  or  stay;  sei- 
zure by  legal  authority.  [  <  L.OF  ad,  to,  +  resto,  remain.] 
Syn.:  apprehend,  capture,  catch,  check,  hold,  make  pris- 
oner, obstruct,  restrain,  secure,  seize,  stop,  take  into  custody, 
take  prisoner. — Ant.:  discharge,  dismiss,  free,  liberate,  re- 
lease. 
ar-ret',  1  a-re'  or  a-ret';  2  a-re'  or  a-ret',  n.  1.  An  authorita- 
tive decree;  edict.  2.  An  arrest  or  seizure.  [F.,  <  OF.  ares- 
ter;  see  arrest,  v.]  [century;  pupil  of  Epictetus. 

Ar'rl-an,  1  ar'i-an;  2  ar'i-an,  re.    A  Greek  historian  of  the  2d 
ar"riere',  1  ar"yar'  or  a-rlr';  2  ar'yer'  or  a-rer',  re.    [F.]    The 

rear:  often  used  adjectivally;  as,  an  arriere=vassal. 
ar"rlere'sban",  re.    Feudal  Hist.    The  edict  of  a  king  sum- 
moning his  vassals  to  military  service;  hence,  the  vassals 
thus  summoned.     [F.,   <  LL.  haribannum,   <   OIIG.  pari, 
army,  4-  ban.  order.] 
ar'ris,  1  ar'ts;  2  ar'is,  re.  Arch.  An  external  angle;  edge  or  ridge, 
especially  the  sharp  ridge  between  two  channels  of  a  Doric 
column.     [  <   OF.  aresle,   <   L.  arista,  flsh-splne,  beard  ot 
grain.]    ar'lsj. 
ar-rive',  1  a-roiv';  2  a-rfv',  v.  [ar-rived';  ar-riv'ing.)  I. 
i.    To  reach  or  come  to  a  destination,  place,  conclusion, 
or  result;  come.    II.  t.  To  reach  in  course;  come  to.    [  < 
F.  arriver,  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  ripa,  shore.] 

Syn.:  attain,  come,  enter,  get  to.  land,  reach.  See  attain. 
— Ant.:  depart,  embark,  go,  go  away,  leave,  set  out,  set  sail, 
start,  weigh  anchor. — Prep.:  arrive  at  or  in  one  port  from 
another;  at  our  destination;  upon  the  scene. 

— ar-rl'val,  re.     1.  The  act  of  arriving.     2.  One  who  or 
thai  which  arrives  or  has  arrived.  Syn.:  see  accession. 
ar'ro-jrarM'e,  1  ar'o-gans;  2  aVo-ganc,  »     The  quality  of 
being  arrogant;  haughtiness,    ar'ro-gaiwyt. 

Syn.:  assumption,  assurance,  disdain,  naughtiness,  Inso- 
lence,  presumption,  pritic,  superciliousness,  vanlt  y.  Haughtu 
v  thinks  highly  of  itself  and  poorly  of  others.  Arrogance 
claims  much  for  itself  and  concedes  little  to  others.  Pride 
Is  :m  absorbing  sense  of  one's  own  greatness,    Disdain  sees 

Contemptuously   the   inferiority  of  others   to  oneself.      Pre- 

sumption  clalmi  place  or  privilege  above  one's  right.    As- 

sumption  quietly  takes  for  granted  superiority  and  privilege 
which  others  would  be  slow  to  concede.    See  assurance. 


ar'ro-gant,  1  ar'o-gant;  2  &r'o-gant,  a.    Haying  or  show- 
ing excessive  pride;  supercilious;  overbearing;  haughty. 
Syn.:  see  absolute;  dogmatic;  imperious. 
— ar'ro-gant-ly,  adv. 
ar'ro-gate,  1  ar'o-get;  2  ar'o-gat,  vt.     [-gat"ed4;  -gat"- 
ing.]    To  take,  demand,  or  claim  unreasonably  or  pre- 
sumptuously; assume;  usurp.     [<  L.  ad,  to,   +  rogo, 
ask.]    Syn.:  see  assume.— ar"ro-ga'tion,  n.    The  act  of  ar- 
rogating ;  unwarrantable  assumption. 
ar"ron"disse"ment',  1  a'reh'dis'mah';  2  a'ron'dis'man',  n. 
The  first  subdivision  of  a  French  department.    [F.,  <  d  ( < 
L.  ad),  to,  +  rond,  round.) 
ar'row,  1  ar'o;  2  ar'o,  re.     A  long,  slender  shaft  with 
pointed  head,  to  be  shot  from  a  bow.     [  <  AS.  arewe, 
arh,  arrow.]— ar'row »head",  re.    The  sharp=pointed  head  of 
an  arrow.— ar'row-y,  a.    Like  an  arrow;  swift;  sharp;  di- 
rect; also,  consisting  of  arrows.  _ 
ar 'row-root",  1  ar'o-rut";  2  sir'o-root",  re.    A  nutritious 
starch  obtained  from  a  tropical  American  plant;  also, 
the  plant. 
ar-roy'o,  1  a-roi'o;  2  a-roy'o,  re.    A  small  stream,  or  its  dry 

bed;  in  geology,  a  deep  dry  gully.    [Sp.  Am.]    ar-rol'lof. 
A.  R.  S.  A.,  abbr.    Associate  of  the  Royal  Scottish  Academy, 

Associate  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Arts. 
ar'se-nal,  1  ar'si-nal;  2  ar'se-nal,  re.    A  public  repository 
or  manufactory  of  arms  and  munitions  of  war.    [  <  Ar.sP 
ddr'ac'Ci'na'ah,  workshop.) 
ar'se-nlc,  1  ar'si-nik;  2  iir'se-nle,  re.   1.  A  steeUgray,  vol- 
atile, non=metallic  chemical  element.    See  element.    2. 
A  white,  tasteless,  poisonous  compound  of  this  element 
with  oxygen,  arsenic  trioxid.   [  <  Gr.L+F  arsenikon,  <  ar- 
sen.  male.]— ar-sen'i-cal,a.— ar-se'nl-ous,  ar'sc-nous,  a. 
ar'se-nid,    )  1  fir'si-nid,  -nid  or  -naid;  2  ar'se-nid,  -nid  or 
ar'se-nide,  )  -nid,  n.     A  compound  of  arsenic,  in  which 
arsenic  is  the  negative  element.    ar"se-ni'u-rett;  ar- 
sen'u-retj. 
ar'sis,  1  ar'sis;  2  ar'sis,  re.     [-ses,  1  -slz;  2  -se§,  pi.]    1. 
Pros.  The  syllable  that  receives  the  ictus  or  stress  of 
voice;  also,  the  stress  itself.     2.  Mus.  The  unaccented 
part  of  a  bar.    [L.,  <  Gr.  arsis,  <  airo,  raise.] 
A.  R.  S.  L.,  abbr.   Associate  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature. 
ar'son1,  1  fir'san;  2  ar'son,  n.     The  malicious  burning  of  a 
dwelling  or  other  structure.    [OF.,  <  ardoir,  <  L.  ardeo, 
burn.] 
ar'son^t,  n.    The  saddle»bow. 
A.  R.  S.  S.,  abbr.    [L.]    Anliquarlorum  Regix  Socletatis  Socius 

(Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Antiquaries). 
art,  1  art;  2  art,  2d  per.  sing.  pres.  ind.  of  be,  v. 
art,  n.  1.  The  skilful  and  systematic  arrangement  or 
adaptation  of  means  for  the  attainment  of  some  end. 
(1)  The  practical  application  of  knowledge  or  natural 
ability;  skill;  dexterity;  facility;  power.  (2)  A  system 
of  rules  devised  for  procuring  some  scientific,  esthetic, 
or  practical  result;  a  branch  of  learning  to  be  studied  in 
order  to  be  applied;  as,  the  art  of  arithmetic.  2.  Esthet- 
ics. (1)  The  principles  of  artistic  construction  and  es- 
thetic criticism,  or  their  application.  (2)  The  embodi- 
ment of  beautiful  thought  in  sensuous  forms,  as  in 
marble  or  speech,  or  the  works  thus  produced,  collec- 
tively; as,  a  museum  of  art.  (3)  Artistic  mastery  or  skill. 
3.  Craft;  cunning.  4.  An  organized  body  of  men  trained 
in  some  trade  or  vocation;  a  gild.  [F.,  <L.  ar(t-)s,  skill.] 

Syn.:  address,  aptitude,  artifice, 
business,     cleverness,     dexterity, 
esthetics,  Ingenuity,    knack,    sci- 
ence, skill,  tact.     In  the  highest 
sense,  art  has  no  synonym.     The< 
term  esthetics  denotes  the  theory 
of  the   beautiful   which   furnishes  the 
basis  of  art.     For  subordinate   senses, 
see  artikkk;  BUSINESS.      For  the  dis- 
tinction between   science  and  art,  see  , 
synonyms  for  science. 

—esthetic  or  Hne  arts,  the  arts  of 
beauty,  as  painting,  sculpture,  music, 
and  poetry.- liberal  arts,  the   higher 
branches  of    learning,   embracing    the 
languages,    history,     science,    philoso- 
phy, etc.— useful.  Industrial,  or  me- 
chanic arts,  the  arts  of  utility,  its  the 
trades,  etc. 
art.,  nhhr.    Article,  artillery. 
Ar"tax-er* 'es,  1  fir'tag-zurk'slz; 
iir'tag-zerk'scs. ;;.    A  Persian  king' 
(in;,   :tr,J  l'.  C). 
Ar'li-uiis,  i  ar'ti-mls;  2  itr'te-mls, 
n.  Or,  Mutb.  Goddess  of  the  chase   Artemis  ana  im  tuna. 
and  of  the  moon;  sister  of  Apollo;  the  Roman  Diana 
Ar'tc-iinis  Ward,  1  ar'U-mus  word;  2  ar'te-mflg  ward.    Pel 
name  of  Charles  Karrar  Hrowne,  an  American  humorist. 


"  >  I  i  .  ■'•       <>'    <•      full.  rQl.- ;   l.iit,  I.Orrr 


*r 

i 


i 


jr   it  r-> . 


ir-l.     rl-al. 
•  rV»    or    an  ir-i.    rl-.il-l/c. 

\r-i.    tun,  i  ■■  or  pertaining 

■  will  originating  i 
v  ■  ell,  ■  ;.iii  w here  the 

ater  out  at  tin- 

I'd  I    Jo  ,,i,  v.ni 

! 
Philip  van 
Art  fill,  I  tricky. 

in    lul-U  .irt  TiiI-iii'sn.   .. 

ar-lhrl    IN,  -thri'lls. 

ir-thrlt    Ic.  I'ertaln- 

ur-thrlt 'l-cal:. 
ar  i  lir.-.  joint :  a 

\r  'thro-gas   ir.i. 
•  ■■•:•  i  '  ■•  -     :•    f  arachnids  having  :i  jointed  abdomen  or  tall, 

■ 
\r    tlwo-gai   lr,-. .      ai**lllMI  f  SB  *(l  ail,    a.— ar- 
ihroi'r.i-iiln.  a       \  '  the  Joints.   [  + 

ir-iiimi'n-v:),         i.   i  ....  branch  of  anatomy 
that  • 
duml. 
Ar-thr,.p  .,-,1  ,.  -op'o-da.  n. 

- . -i ii" } tntr   Invertebrates  with 

•irlhron. 

ir  i hro-pod.   a,   ,v    n.—  ar- 

tlirop  o-dous  or  -dal,  a. 

Ar-tlir  .-     r  ,-.   i.  •  \  division  Of  I  [  -icludlng 

\r"t!iro-/o\i. 

■  ai  kingdom,  comprising  the 

ar"tliro-. 
*r  thar,  ,  hlcftaln  of  the 

•lb  ■  and  his 

knights  form  the  subject  of  much  mythical  romani  ■        \r- 

t  ti  11   r i- 

i-chok,  n.     A  thistle-like 

e  .  :  ar'ti-kl;  2  &j  I.    1     [-cimd; -cuma.] 

To  f  II.         I.  A  particu- 

;.  \  bnef  com- 

posr  :i.  position  of  a 

i  ioI  limiting  adjectives,  as,  a,  an, 

and  Ou      3  .  A  :  i  death.     6t. 

[  <  L.  arliculus,  dim.  of  artus,  joint.] 

:  Stf  TLKM. 

ar-to  Ti-lar.  1  ar-tik'yi-l«r;  2  ar-tk'yu-lar,  a.     J' 

4r-ll<  "u-la''  ,  I  ar-tlr'yu-la'ta.  n    , 

.-■ally  embracing;  all  with  a 

■rms. 

ar-'o    ii-l.it.  .  .-IVt;  2  ar-tlc'yu-lat,  r.     [-lat*- 

i  i.  ulately;  pro- 

ther     II.  i.     1.  To 

by  joints.    3f.  To 

agree;  make  terms.    Syn_- ■■<••  -it  \k 

Ion,  1  ae  of  articulate 

ulai 
: 
also,  a  node 
ar-tlr'u-li    'or.   .     <  t.c  who  articulates;  also,  ad' 

ar-tii    ii-l.it.  .  -  -tik'yu-ht;  2  ar-tic'yu-lat,  a.     1.   Di- 

form  speech. 

ar-ttc'u- 

IJ.     a,--tw   u-l.i'.  -1).  I.  By  Joints.    I.  by  artl- 

3.  With  articulate  sounds:  distinctly. 

ar-ti,  'u-l.i  t .-.  ite  animal  with  segmented 

■  lain.      I  <    J.  gee  ai:- 

artl-fioe,  j  ;    ",-'t;-fi-    2  ar'ti-ftc.  n.     1.  Subtle  or  decep- 
ar'ti-h-",      live  art;  trickery-:  .strategy;  stratagem;  ma- 
neuver.    2t.  Art;  workmanship.     (<  L.  ar(t-)g,  art,  + 
facto,  make.; 


I.  cheat,  i    ntrlvai    i    craft,  cunning,  de\  lee, 
dodgt  .  1 1.  guile,  Imposture,  invention,  machlna- 

!,  ,..  w  II, ■       An 

D  be  Dither  good  or  bad     a 

■  in  r  bargain;  :i  fraud,  anj  form  of 

:  deceltfuli  ontritanc* 

credit,  or nidi  ration      v 

■      i 
i        i  Is  commonly  low,  Injurious,  and  mall- 
■  I  plaj  full)  «  ii  i  full 

ii  Wind  may  !»•  <iuii ••  Innooem  and  harm- 
H/tc«  la  •  carefully  and  dellcatelj  prepari 

■   for  doing  Indirectly  what  oould  not  well  <io 

directly.    a..*<i(<-<  Is  something  studied  oui  lor  promoting  an 
end,  aa  in  .i  mechanism     Fim 

irtrati,'.  delicate  nrttftii.  whether  for  good   or  evil       Ant: 
artleaaneae,  candor,  fairness,  Frank ness,  gulleleasness,  hon- 
.  iu    teas,  iiinoi'i-nc,-,  npfinitf .  tlmpllelty,  sin- 
cerity, truth. 

ar-lif  l-oer,  1  nr-tif'i-,,.r;  2ar  1 1 1 '  i  - .. .  ■  r .  n      A  skilful  huiuli- 

oraltsman;  also,  an  inventor  or  oontriver, 

Svn.:  see  tBTtBaJV;  aJBTBT, 

:ir"tl-fi'<i;il.  1  5yti-fish'el;  2ar*ti-flsh'al>  o.  1.  rVoduoed 
by  art  rather  than  by  nature,  'I.  Not  genuine  or  natu- 
ral; affected.  :{.  Nol  pertaining  to  the  eaaenee  ol  a  mat- 
ter    s.vn.:  -,-,•  i  v  in  tot  a 

ar"tl-ll"«l-al'l-t>.  n     f-TTM,  1 -tut;  8 -tkj,  JJf.]     ar"tl- 
ti  Vlal-l/r,  ■•       ar"tl-H'clal-l).  adl 

ar-Ml'ler-y,  1  ur-tir.,r-i;  2  ar-til'or-y.  n.  1.  Cannon,  or 
that  branch  of  military  service  which  operates  it.     'i. 

Dee  or  implomonts  of  ancient  warfare.     [<  P.  arUU 

lerie,   ■:   <>i".  artUler,  fortify.]— ar-tJIIer-ilt,  n    -ar-tll'- 
ler-)-inan,  n.     [-mkn.  i>1  | 
art  '1st.  1  urt  i-t  ;  2  art'I-i.  n.     1.  One  wlio  is  skilled  in  art 
or  who  makes  a  profession  of  any  of  the-  fine  ars  .'. 

(  >ne  who  works  artistically.    [  <  F.  artiste,  <  L.  ar(t-)s, 
art.) 

Syn.;  artificer,  artlzan,  mcchunlc,  operative,  workman. 
The  work  of  the  artist  is  creative;  that  of  the  arttean  mecban- 
Ical.  The  arti/krr  Is  between  the  two.  putting  more  thought. 
Intelligence,  and  taste  into  his  work  than  the  artlzan,  but 

Ing,  creative  power  than  the  OTtUi      The 

man  who  constxuets  anything  by  mere  routine  and  rule  is  a 
mechanic.    The  man  whose  work  Involves  thought,  skill,  and 

constructive  power  is  an  artificer      The  hod«carrli 
laborer;  the  bricklayer  Is  a  mechanic;  the  master  mason  Is  an 
artificer.     Those  who  operate  machinery  nearly  self-acting 
are  opcratti:  s. 

— ar-tls'tlc,  ar-tls'tl-cal,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  art  or 
artists;  conformable  to  the  principles  of  art;  tastefully  exe- 
cuted, ar-tls'tl-cal-ly,  urfr.  In  an  artistic  manner;  from 
an  art  i  If  Ic  I It  Of  view. 

ar"tMc',  l  ar"tist';  2  ar'tist',  pi.  a  professional  dancer,  singer, 

or  the  like;  sometimes,  a  female  artist.     [1>'.| 
ar'tl-zail,  /  1   ar'tl-zan;  2  ar'ti-zan,  n.     A   trained   work- 

ar'ti-san,  <i  man;  superior  mechanic,  [P.,  <  It  artigicmo.\ 
Syn.:  see  artist. 

arf  'less,  l  artles;  2  artles,  a.    1.  Without  '-raft  or  deceit ; 
unaffected;  ingenuous,    3.  Without  artistic  skill  or  taste. 
Syn.:  see  candid;  innocent:  bdbi  ic. 

art'less-ly,  adv.     art'less-ness,  n.  IFrance. 

ar" tots',  1  nr'twa';  2  ar*twii',  n.    A  former  province  of  X    E. 

A'rum,  1  e'rum;  2  a'rum,  n.  Bat.  A  genua  Of  herbs  of  the 
arum  family;  also  [a-],  any  plant  of  this  genus,  or  one  of  sev- 
eral plants  of  other  genera  of  the  same  family. 

a-run"dl-na'ceous,  1  a-run"di-ne'sTius;2  a-run"dl-nfl'shus,a. 
iiol.  Pertaining  to  a  reed  or  reeds;  reed-like,  i  <  I.,  arun- 
dinaceus,  <  arundo,  reed.)— ar"un-dln'e-ous,  a.  Bol. 
Abounding  In  or  like  reeds;  I 

a-rus'pex,  a-rus'plce,  etc.    Same  as  harcspex,  etc. 

A"ru-wl'ml,  1  u'ru-wTml;  2  ii'ry-wi'mi,  n.  A  river  In  N.  E. 
Belgian  Congo,  Africa;  800  m.  to  Kongo  river. 

-ar> .  ufflx.  Denoting  In  nouns,  persons,  things,  or  places;  as, 
noUiry,  library;  alsf)  us<k1  to  form  adjectives;  as,  primary. 
[  <  L,  -arlu.s:  confused  often  with  -arts.] 

Ar'yan,  1  or'von;  2  iir'yan.     I.  a.    Of  or  pertaining  to  the 

Aryans.     II.  n.     One  of  the  primitive  peoples  of  central 

r  of  any  of  the  races  descended  from  them;  the 

Aryan    l.meiiairc-,    also   known   as   Indo-European  and 

Inito'tjirmanic.     [<  San*,  arya,  noble]    Ar'ianJ. 

i-.  2  as.  n.     1.  A  bronze  coin  of  Rome,  varying  In  value 

from  17  cents  to  l  cent.     2.  A  Homan  weight  of  one  pound. 

as,  1  az;  2  as,  <t</r.  &  conj.  1.  To  the  extent  or  degree  of  or 
in  which;  in  the  manner  in  which;  like  'I.  For  instance; 
.'{.  In  the  charact.-r  or  under  the  name  of. 
4.  While;  when.  5.  Because;  since.  6.  However;  tho. 
7f.  That;  so  that:  used  to  introduce'  a  result.  8f.  As  if. 
[In  certain  connections,  especially  after  such,  as  has  almost 
the  force  of  a  pronoun,  and  Is  by  many  so  classed.]  (ME.  as, 
als.  alse,  etc.,  <  AS.  eai  surd,  entirely  so.  Just  as;  see  all  and 
so.)   Syn_-  see  because. 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    all  =  out;    ell;    IQ  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    rj  =  sinff;    thin,   this.  arterlo- 

57      2:wQlf,  dj>;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this,      asparagus 


A.  S.,  abbr.  Academy  of  Science. — A.=S.,  abbr.  Anglo-Saxon. 
—  As.,  abbr.    Arsenic,  Asia,  Asiatic. 

as"a-fet'i-da,  1  as"a-fet'i-da;  2  as"a-f£t'i-da,  n.  A  fetid 
drug  prepared  from  the  juice  of  certain  plants  of  the 
parsley  family.    [  <  Per.  aza,  mastic,  +  L.  fwtidus;  see 

FETID.] 

as-bes'tos,  1  as-bes'tas;  2  as-bSs'tos,  n.  A  fibrous  fire- 
proof  mineral.  [  <  Gt^  a-  priv.  +  sbennymi,  extin- 
guish.] as-bes'tusj.— as-bes'tl-form,  a.— as-bes'tine, 
a.    as-bes'tict. 

As'ca-lon,  n.    Same  as  Ashkelon. 

As-ca'ni-us,  1  as-ke'ni-us;  2  as-ea'ni-us,  n.  Myth.  Son  of 
yEneas  and  Creusa;  reputed  ancestor  of  the  Caesars.  I-u  'lusj . 

as-cend'd,  1  a-send';  2  a-c<5nd',  vt.  &  vi.  To  go  or  move 
upward  on;  move  or  slope  upward;  mount;  climb;  rise. 
[<  L.  ad,  to,  +  scando,  climb.] — as-cend'a-bl(ep  or  -1- 
bl(ep,  a. 

as-cen'den-ey,  )  1  a-sen'den-sif  -dan-si ;  2  a-cen'dSn-cy, 

as-cen'dan-cy,  )-dan-cy,ra.     Paramount  influence;  dom- 
ination; sway,    as-cen'dancet;  as-cen'dencej. 
Syn.:  see  influence;  precedence. 

as-cen'dent,  £1  a-sen'dent,  -dant;  2  a-cgn'dSnt,  -dant. 

as-cen'dant,  >  I.  a.  1.  Ascending;  rising.  2.  Superior; 
dominant.  3.  Astrol.  Coming  to  or  above  the  horizon. 
II.  n.  1.  The  place  of  supreme  power;  preeminence; 
domination.  2.  Astrol.  The  point  of  the  ecliptic  that  is 
rising  above  the  eastern  horizon  at  any  instant;  horo- 
scope. 3.  An  ancestor. 
Syn.:  (adjective)  see  predominant. 

as-cen'sion,  1  a-sen'sTian;  2  a-cPn'shon,  n.  1.  The  act  of 
ascending.  2.  [A-]  Christ's  visible  ascent  from  the  earth ; 
also,  Ascension  day  (the  40th  day  after  Easter) . 

as-cent',  1  a-sent';  2  a-c§nt',  n.  The  act  of  ascending;  a 
rising,  soaring,  or  climbing;  promotion;  a  way  of  ascend- 
ing; an  acclivity. 

as"cer-tain',  1  as"ar-ten';  2  as"er-tan',  vt.  To  learn  with 
certainty  about;  find  out;  make  certain;  determine;  de- 
fine.   [  <  OF.  o,  to,  +  certain;  see  certain] 

Syn.:  see  discover;  know. — as"cer-tain'a-bl(ep,  a. — 
as"cer-taln'a-bly,  adv.— as"cer-tain'ment,  n. 

as-cet'ic,  1  a-set'ik;  2  a-c8t'ie.  I.  a.  Practising  extreme 
abstinence  and  devotion;  severely  self-denying.  II.  n. 
One  excessively  austere  and  self-denying;  a  hermit;  re- 
cluse.,  [<  Gr.  asketikos,  <  asked,  exercise.]  as-cet'i- 
cal  t .— as-cet 'i-cal-ly,  adv. — as-cet'1-cism,  n.  Ascetic  be- 
lief and  conduct. 

As'cham,  1  as'kam;  2  as'cam,  Roger  (1515-1568).  An  En- 
glish classical  scholar  and  author;  tutor  of  Queen  Elizabeth. 

as'clans,  1  asVyanz;  2  ash'yans,  n.  pi.  Shadowless  men;  in- 
habitants of  the  torrid  zone,  who  twice  in  the  year  cast  no 
shadow  at  noon.  [  <  L.  ascius,  <  Gr.  askios,  without  shad- 
ow, <  a- priv.  +  skia,  shadow]    a'sci-it. 

as-cld'i-an,  1  a-sid'i-an;  2  a-cld'i-an,  n.  A  tunicate;  one  of  a 
class  of  marine  animals  having  a  leathery  sac;  the  sea- 
squirts.  [<Gr.  askldion,  dim.  otaskos,  bag.] — as-cid'i-an,  a. 

as-cid 'l-um,  1  a-sid'i-um;  2  a-cid'i-um,  n.  Bol.  A  flask- 
shaped  or  pitcher-shaped  appendage. 

as-el'tes,  1  a-sai'tiz;  2  a-cT'tes,  re.  Abdominal  dropsy.  [L.,  < 
Gr.  askites,  <  askos,  bag.] — as-cit'lc,  a.    as-cit'l-cali. 

As-cle'pi-us,  1  as-kli'pi-us;  2  as-ele'pi-us,  n.  Same  as  ^Es- 
culapius. 

a-serlbe',  1  a-skraib';  2  a-scrlb',  vt.  [a-scribed';  a- 
scrib'ing]  To  refer,  as  to  a  cause  or  source;  attribute; 
impute;  assign.    [  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  scribo,  write.] 

Syn.:  see  attribute. — a-scrlb'a-bl(ep,  a. — a-serlp'tlon, 
n.  The  act  of  ascribing;  an  expression  ascribing,  or  that 
which  is  ascribed. 

a-sea',  1  a-sl';  2  a-sc',  adv.    To  or  toward  the  sea;  at  sea. 

a-scp'tlc,  1  a-sep'tik;  2  a-sf'p'tic,  a.  Exempt  from  septic 
or  blood-poisoning  conditions;  characterizing  processes 
tending  to  remove  such  conditions;  free  from  disease- 
germs  or  tendency  to  putrefaction.  [  <  a-u  4-  septic] 
— a-sep'sls,  n. — a-sep'tl-elsm,  n. — a-scp'ti-rlze,  vt. 

a-sex'u-al,  1  6-seks'yu-al;  2  a-sBks'yu-al,  a.  Having  no 
sex;  of  or  pertaining  to  reproduction  without  sexual 
agency,  as  by  cell-division,  etc.  [  <  A-14  -j-  sexual.] — 
a-sex"u-al'l-ty,  n.     a-sex'u-al-ly,  adv. 

As'gard,  1  as'gard;  2  As'gard,  n.  Norse  Myth.  Thehomeof  the 
/Ksir;  the  residence  of  heroes  slain  in  battle.    See  Bikuost. 

ash1, 1  ash ;  2  ash.  n.  A  fores!  i  ree  of  I  be  olive  family  or  its 
light,  tough,  elastic  wood.    See  leaves.    [<  AS.  sesc] 

ash2,  n.  1.  The  powdery  residue  of  ;i  substance  that  has 
been  burnt:  usually  in  the  plural.  2.  pi.  Remains  of 
the  dead,  or  of  perished  hopes,  plana,  etc.  :{.  Commi- 
nuted lava.    [  <  AS.  eesce.] 

a-shamed',  1  a-snSmd';  2  a-ahamd',  o.  1.  Feeling  shame; 
confused  by  consciousness  of  fault  or  Impropriety;  a- 
bashed.  2.  Deterred  by  fear  of  shame;  reluctant:  followed 
by  an  infinitive. 
— a-sham'ed-ly,  adv.— a-sham 'ed-ness,  n. 


A-shan'tl,  1  a-snan'ti;  2  a-shan'tl,  n.  1.  A  former  West-Afri- 
can kingdom;  annexed  to  Gold  Coast  Colony  since  1901 ;  pop. 
288,000.    2.  A  native  of  Ashanti.  [ash. 

ash 'en1,  1  ash'n;  2  ash'n,  a.    Pertaining  to  or  made  of  the 

ash'en2,  a.    Of,  pertaining  to,  or  like  ashes;  pale. 

ash'er-y,  1  aSh'ar-i;  2  ash'er-y,  n.  [-iesz,  pi.]  1.  A  place 
of  deposit  for  ashes.    2.  A  place  where  potash  is  made. 

ash'es,  1  as"h'ez;  2  ash'eg,  n.  pi.    See  ash2. 

a-shine',  1  a-sliain';2  a-shin',  adv.  &  a.    Luminously;  shining. 

Ash'ke-lon,  ]  asli'ki-len;  2  ash'ke-ldn,  n.  An  ancient  city  of 
the  Philistines,  on  the  coast  of  S.  Palestine;  scene  of  battles 
In  the  Crusades;  destroyed  in  1270. 

ash'lar,  )  1  ash'iar;  2  ash'lar,  n.   Masonry.   1.  A  block  of 

ash 'ler,  5  stone.  2.  A  squared  stone.  3.  Mason-work  of 
squared  stones.  [<  L.OF  axillaris,  <  axilla,  dim.  of 
axis,  board.]— ash 'iar-ing,  ash'ler-ing,  n.  1.  Vertical 
wooden  plaster-studs  running  from  the  floor  of  a  garret  to 
the  rafters.    2.  Ashlar  masonry. 

A-sho'kan,  1  a-slio'kan;  2a-sho'kan,ra.  A  dam  and  reservoir 
forming  part  of  the  New  York  City  water-supply  system. 

a-shore',  1  a-slior';  2  a-shor',  adv.  To  or  on  the  shore;  on 
land;  aground;  not  on  a  vessel,  nor  at  sea. 

Ash'to-reth,  1  asli'to-reth;  2  ash'to-reth,  n.  Heb.  The  chief 
female  divinity  of  the  Phenicians:  identified  with  Astarte. 

A'shur=ba"nlspal",  1  a'sliur-bu"ni=pal";  2  a'sruir-ba"n!-pal\ 
n.  An  Assyrian  king  from  668  to  625  B.  C.  Sar"da-na-pa'- 
lusj.  [Grand  River. 

Ash"wa-ni'pi,  1  as"h"wa-nl'pi;  2  ash'wa-ni'pi,  n.     Same  as 

Ash  Wednesday.    The  first  dav  of  Lent. 

ash'y,  1  asVi;  2  ash'y,  a.  [ash'i-er;  ash'i-est.]  Of,  per- 
taining to,  or  like  ashes ;  ash-covered ;  ash-colored ;  ashen. 

A'sla,  1  e'sna;  2  a'sha,  n.  The  largest  continent  (17,057,666 
sq.  m.;  pop.  900,000,000).— A'slan,  a.— A"si-at'lc,  a.  &  n. 

A'sla  Mi 'nor,  1  e'sTia  mai'nar;  2  a'sha  mi'nor.  The  peninsula 
of  S.  W.  Asia,  from  the  Black  Sea  to  Arabia;  197,711  sq.  m.; 
pop.  10,509,000;  chief  city,  Smyrna.     An"a-to'll-al. 

a-side',  1  a-said';  2  a-sid'.  I.  ?i.  Something  said  or  done 
aside.    II.  adv.    1.  On  or  to  one  side;  away;  off;  apart. 

2.  So  as  not  to  be  overheard,  actually  or  apparently. 
III§.  prep.    Beside.    [  <  a-1  +  side.] 

— to  set  aside  (Law) ,  to  annul. 

as"l-ne'got,  n.    A  little  ass;  a  fool.    as"sl-ne'got. 

as'i-nine,  1  as'i-nin  or  -nain;  2  as'i-nin  or  -nln,  a.  Per- 
taining to  or  like  an  ass;  stupid;  silly.  [<  L.  asinus, 
ass.] — as"i-nln'l-ty,  n. 

ask',  1  ask;  2  ask,  v.  \.t.  1.  To  make  a  request  for  or  of; 
solicit;  demand;  claim.  2.  To  put  questions  to  or  about; 
make  inquiries;  inquire.  3.  To  invite.  4||.  To  publish, 
as  the  bans  of  marriage.  II.  i.  1.  To  make  request;  pe- 
tition. 2.  To  make  inquiries;  inquire.  [<  AS.  ascian, 
ask.] 

Syn.:  beg,  beseech,  crave,  demand,  entreat,  implore,  peti- 
tion, pleatl,  pray,  request,  require,  solicit,  supplicate.  One 
asks  what  he  feels  that  he  may  fairly  claim  and  reasonably  ex- 
pect; "if  a  son  shall  ask  bread  of  any  of  you  that  is  a  father," 
Luke  xi,  11;  he  begs  for  that  to  which  he  advances  no  claim 
but  pity.  Entreat  implies  a  special  earnestness  of  asking, 
and  beseech,  a  still  added  and  more  humble  intensity.  To 
implore  is  to  ask  with  weeping  and  lamentation;  to  suppli- 
cate is  to  ask,  as  it  were,  on  bended  knees.  Crave  and  request 
are  somewhat  formal  terms;  crave  has  almost  disappeared 
from  conversation.  Pray  is  now  used  chiefly  of  address  to 
the  Supreme  Being;  petition  Is  used  of  written  request  to 
persons  in  authority.  Beg  and  pray  arc  often  used  In  polite 
forms  of  slight  request;  as,  "I  beg  pardon,"  etc.;  beseech  ums 
formerly  so  used.  Compare  demand;  inquire.-- Ant.:  claim, 
command,  deny,  enforce,  exact,  extort,  insist,  refuse,  reject. 
—  Prep.:  Ask  a  person  for  a  thing;  ask  a  thing  of  or  from  a 
person;  ask  after  or  about  one's  health,  welfare,  friends,  etc. 
— ask'er,  n.— ask'lng,  n. 

a-skance',  1  a-skons':  2  a-skanc',  adv.  With  a  side  glance; 
sidewise;  disdainfully;  distrustfully.  [  <  a-1  -f-  skance.] 
a-skant'l. 

a-skew',  1  a-skiii';  2  a-skii',  a.  &  adv.  In  an  oblique  posi- 
tion or  manner;  awry;  askance. 

a-slant',  1  a-slnnt';  2  a-slant'.  I.  a.  &  adv.  In  a  slanting 
direction  or  position;  oblique;  obliquely  II.  prep. 
Across  or  over  in  a  slanting  direction  or  position; 
athwart. 

a-sleep',  1  a-allp';  2  a-slep',  a.  &  adv.  In  or  into  a  state  of 
Bleep;  dormant;  dead;  benumbed,  [tion. 

a-slope',  1  a-slop';  2  a-slop',  a.  &  adv.     In  a  sloping  posi- 

asp1,  1  nsp;  2  asp,  n.  A  venomous  serpent,  as  the  Euro- 
pean viper.    [  <  Gr.1"  aspi(d-)8,  viper  | 

as-par'a-Riis,  1  as-par'a-gus;  2  Ss-par'a-gfis,  n.  1.  The 
succulent,  edible  shoots  of  Asparagus  officinalis.    2.  Any 

plant  of  the  genus  Aaparai/us,  especially  of  A  .  officinalis. 

3.  [A-]  A  genus  of  plants  of  the  lily  family,    [L.,  <  Gr. 
asparagos,  <  Per.  asparag,  sprout.] 


l  saltan 


ip  .11.  | 


u>i  .         get.  pr«V;    hit,  polfotj    Ob«V,  gO;    n«»t,  Or;   full,  rfllo;   lull,  l.ftrn; 

.        i         hat,  idl;  ml,  g*t.  prty.  f*rn;  hit.  Ice;  I-  ■     I  .  »on,        ftH 


I  great  lli,-r:ir\ 


I 

t .     \ 

the  suppc 

.'>   . 

Ml! 

I  Of  01  pertaining  to  Um 


d.  bfm&ch  »Hh  l«k,r«,  /■,  kmcDt,  c,  Ins. 


■  ird- 

•  -    .  ■       iynj  see  tcitntoin . 
a-sper'mous,  I        ro-Jspnr'n  i  IspSr'nitls,  a. 

rmo»,  <  n-  priv.  -f- 

\        B-Spef   mi-tnii*:  . 

\-  i  ■  •  r  1 1 .  -n.  n.    A  village  near  Vienna  where 

2    1809. 
a«-i'.  ret   .  ■-'.    .'      [as-pebskd'S  as- 

•  wo.]      1.    To   censure    harshly   and 
tinkle,  as  in  baptism,  or 
bespe.-  -  spargo.  sprinkle  ] 

Svnj   backbite,   calumniate,   decry,   defame,   depreciate, 
disparage.  revile,  Blander,  traduce,  vilify.    To 

ajp<  ktter  with  Injurious  charges;  to  it 

person  Is  to  aasall  his  good  name:  to  malign  is  to  circulate 
studle<1  and  mall'  ipon  character;  to  <- 

il  or  assumed  traits  In  an  odious  light.— 
Ant_  i  Lie,  extol,  laud,  praise,  vindicate. 

■   -i  "ii.  1.   Slander;   a  slanderous  report  or 

:    Sprinkling.  Sm.  i        a—pcr'sl\(eB,  a. 

a-  ph. ill.  2     -fait,  n.    1.  Mineral  pitch;  hard 

as'falt   .       ;  :tumen.     2.  A  bituminous  composition  for 

(<  Gr.  a-sphaltos.]     as-phal 'turn; ; 

>  —  !•  ii.»l  hi-:.      i--|id.il  1 1<  . 

M*pfce  ieli  1  as'fo-ael;  2  Ks'fo-del,  n.    1.  A  white. flow- 

lily  family;  the  flower  of  the  dead  in 

'.'  .  The  daffodil  or  narcissus.     [< 

he's  spear.]  * 

a  —  ph>  \ 'i-.i.  -:ik-'i-.;2a— fyks'i-a,  n.    Suspensionof 

a»-f>\  i-i   .  .ration  and  animation;  suffocation.  [< 

j2i.  beat  1    as-phyx'yt. — as-ph)  i'1-al, 

.  -ph>  \'l-at>  .  To  suffocate. — 

as-ph)  \"l-a'tlun.  H      as-ph)  x  'l-a"tor.  n. 

a-pir .  i  xs-'pik;  2  is'pic.  n.    [F.)    1.  A  savory  Jelly  containing 

pike  lavender.  3.  The  asp.  as'plst. 

a~pir '.in i .  ;  --plr'ant.    La.     Aspiring, 

II  .  - ;  a  seeker  for  honors  or  place;  a 

a-'|'i-ri   •  |  i-rat.      I.    vt.      [-rat"ed<); 

-rat'ino  ]     1.  To  utter  with  a  breathing  or  as  if  pre- 
.'  draw  out,  aa  gas,  1 

II  •  King  /i  sound. 

-r.ii   ..|    .    lll.n.    L.  The  letter  A,  or  its  sound.    1. 

ite     3.  A  symbol  (')  in  Greek  Lndi- 

(  <  L.  aspiro;  see  ami-jki..] 

a»"[>l-rt  inm.  1.  The 

;.  I        tct  or  effect  of 

-ration;  suction. 

\mjiition:  i.t.-iHt. 

a-'pi-r  i    tor.  -  -tor;  2  aVpi-ra'tor,  n.     1. 

-  producing  a  suction«current  of  air  or 

ring  off  fluid  matter  from 

as-plre',  1  as-ixiir';  2  as-pir',  r.  [as-pired';  as-pi h'ino  ] 
I.  i      l  •   .  ■  desire  for  something  high 

and  good     I  .  h  upward;  ascend.     II.  t     To 

lim  at.  (<  L.'  ad,  to,  +  spiro,  breath'-  ]  — 
a^-plr'a-to-ry,  a  —  as-plr'er,  n.~  as-plr'lng,  pa.  Eager 
' 

as'pl-rln.  1  as'pl-rln;  2  as'pl-rln.  n.  A  white  powder,  a  dertv- 
or  salicylic  acid,  used  as  a  remedy  for  rheumatism,  etc. 

a--p>  '•.  ■    I  ■  i  -p>e':. 

a->(julnt',  1  b-skwint';  2  a-skwfnt',  a.  &  adt.  With  side- 
long glance,  squintingly;  askance;  squinting. 


). 


U'qulth.l       kwlOt :  8  arkwlth.  Herbert  Henr)  [ISM 

agllah  statesman:  premier.  1 90S  i  •<  1 1. 
ass,  l  [ass'bs*.  pt.]    I.  \  long'oared  equine 

Imped  smaller  than  the  ordinal*)  1 1 ■  •  t  i      ''..  \n  ob- 
te  nr  stupid  pei  on     I-  asses'  bridge 

[Humor.],  tin-  iifih  proposition  ol  t to  •  i  uclld, 

the  angles  al  the  base  "f  sn  Isosceles  triangle  arc  equal": 
from  the  difficulty  ot  Its  demonstration  i"  beginners. 
\-*..  taan.,  \ssu.,  Issoc„a6or      Association 
.i^  "sa-fel  i-d.i,  n  i-  -  i-iiii  'i-ii.i ; . 

as'sa-gal.  I  1    .•■    •  i,   -<--kI,  r».      A  light 

as 'se -gal ,  j    pear,  used  by  Zulus,  ECani 
as-s.iir,  i  i       ttack  violently  with 

,  or  with  argument,  censure,  or  the  like;  ■ 

I  •     I  .  ru^h  1    Syn 

as-sall'a-bl  e»,  ss-sall'a-bl  e-ness*,    n— as- 

s.iii  'i  ii  t .   I.  ■     Ittacktng;  hostile.   II,  s    Onewho 
\s--.mi ',  i  a-sam';  L'  a-sam',  n     A  province  in  N    i     India 

(61,887    -i|     in  ;   pop.   8,000,000),   formerly   pari    of    Lantern 

Bengal  and  \ 

as-sas'sin.  1    •    a    in;  2  I    is'in,  n,    1.  <  hie  who 

nates     %  >  One  ol                 Oriental  fanatics  thai  prac- 
tised assassination,  formidable  In  the  i i  the  Cru- 
sades.    [F.,    <    Ar.    Hathah&ahln,   haabish^eaten,    < 
tush.] 

as-sas'si-naii",  l  a-aaVi-net:  2  a-eAVi-nat,  i  [  -.  ir'iH'1; 
-sm'is'.  ]  I.  i.  To  kill  liy  secret  or  treacherous  as- 
sault.   II.  i    Toeommii  treacherous  murder. 

Syn.:  see  kill,    m  nan"nl  ns'tlon.  n    The  act  ol 
slnatlng:  secret  or  treacherous  murder,     as-sas'sl-na"tor,n. 

as-sauir,  1  a-eelt';  2a-ealt'.  I1,  it.  To  attack  with  vio- 
lence; also,  to  -■  i - — : » i l  by  words,  etc.  II.  a,  Any  act, 
speech,  or  writing  —ailing  ,-i  person  or  an  institution; 
attack;  charge  ol  troops,  [<  I. .'■'■•*  ml,  to,  +  talxo, 
leap    Syn  :  see  saaai  ssion  ;  \  1 1  ■•  k 

u-sai '.  l  a-se';  2  a-ea', ».    1. 1     l.  To  subject  to  an  assay. 

2.  To  attempt;  essay;  prove;  test.  II.  i.  1.  To  show 
by  teal  a  certain  value,  'i  .  To  endeavor.  (  <  l."r 
exlgo,  prove,  <  ex,  out,  +  ago,  drive  |  as-saye't. — as- 
say'er,  n. 

as-saj ',  n.    1.  The  scientific  testing  of  an  alloy  or  ore,  for 

valuable  metal.     ''•  The   substance  to  be  BO  examined. 

3.  The  result  of  such  a  te8(  1  .  The  examining  of 
weights  and  measures.  5§.  Attempt;  test;  trial.  6f. 
Allliction. 

As-saye',  1  o-sol';  2  S-sI',  n.     A  town  in  iialdarabad,  India; 
defi  ated  Mahrattas,  1803. 

as-sein'blage,  1  a-sern'olij;  2  a-eem'blag,  n.  An  assem- 
bling; association;  any  gathering  of  persons  or  things; 
collection;  assembly.    Syn.:  see  ASSEMBI/]  ;  coifPAMT. 

;i<-i'in'lil  t'1',  1  a-sem'bl;  2  a-seno/hl,  v.     [-bled,  -bldp; 
-blini;.]     I.  (.     1.  To  collect  or  convene.     2.  To  fit  or 
join  together.    II.  i.    To  come  together;  meet;  congre- 
gate.   [  <  h.OF  ad,  to,  +  simul,  together.] 
Syn.:  see  CONVI  il  I 

ag-sem'bly)  1  a-sem'bh;  2  a-eem'bly,  n.    [-blieh*.  pi.]   1. 
An  assembling.     2.  A  number  "I  persons  met  t0| 
for  a  common  purpose.    3.  .]///  The  signal  calling  troops 
to  form  ranks.    4.  [A-]  [U.  S.]  The  second  house  of  the 
legislature  in  some  States. 

Syn.:  assemblage,  collection,  company,  conclave,  con- 
course, conference,  congregation,  convention,  convocation. 
crowd,  gathering,  group.  QOBt,  meeting,  multitude.  An  as- 
semblage may  be  of  persons  or  of  object  My  Is  al- 
ways of  persons.  An  assemblage  Is  promiscuous  and  unor- 
ganized; an  assembly  is  organized  and  united  In  some  com- 
mon purpose. 

— as-M-m'lily-man,  n.  [-MEM.pl.]  A  member  of  a  legis- 
lative assembly,  as  of  a  stale.  General  Assembly.  [U.  s] 
1.  The  highest  ecclesiastical  Judicatory  of  the  I'resbyterlan 
or  of  some  other  denomination.    2.  A  legislature. 

as-sent',  l  a-eent';  2a-s8nt'.  I*,  w.  To  express  agree- 
ment; concur;  acquiesce.  II.  n.  1.  Mental  concurrence 
or  agreement.    2.  Consent  of  will;  sanction.     [  <  L.  ad, 

i  nllo,  feel] 
Syn.:  accede,  accept,  accord,  acquiesce,  admit,  agree,  ap- 
prove, chime  In,  coincide,  concur,  consent,  ratify,  subscribe 

.  tain,  uphold.   Tool  mils  an  act  of  the  understanding; 
•  '/■■.  of  the  will,    A.  mes  used  for  a  mild  or 

formal  cm  •  fit.  See  hki.iki  .  and  for  noun,  see  FAITH.  —Ant.: 
contradict,  demur,  deny,  differ,  disagree,  disavow,  disclaim, 
dissent,  object,  protest,  question,  refuse 

as"siri-ta'(ion,  1  as"en-te'sTian;  2  &s"Cn-ta'shon,  n.   Ob- 
jent. 

as-sen'tlent,  1  a-sen'slient;2  S-sCn'shSnt.  I.  a.  Assent- 
ing    VL.fl.    <  )ne  who  assents. 

as-sert'1,  1  a-surt';  2  a-sert',  vt.    1.  To  state  positively; 
affirm;  aver.     2.  To  maintain  as  a  right  or  claim,  by 
words  or  by  force.    [  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  sero,  bind] 
Syn.:  affirm,  allege,  asseverate,  aver,  avouch,  avow,  claim. 


1:8=  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    ail  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    <5hin;    go;    rj  =  smff;   thin,   thia.        Aspasla 
59         2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,  burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.         Assuan 


declare,  maintain,  pronounce,  protest,  say,  state,  tell.  One 
may  assert  himself,  his  right,  his  belief,  etc.  Assert  is  con- 
troversial; affirm,  stale,  and  tell  are  simply  declarative.  One 
may  assert  what  he  intends  to  prove,  or  he  may  assert  with 
no  attempt  to  prove;  in  the  latter  case  what  he  asserts  car- 
ries only  the  weight  of  his  personal  word  or  opinion,  as  in- 
dicated in  the  derogatory  phrase,  "a  mere  assertion."  See 
affirm;  allege.  —  Ant.:  contradict,  contravene,  controvert, 
deny,  disprove,  dispute,  gainsay,  oppose,  repudiate,  retract, 
waive. 

— as-sert'er,  n.—  as-ser'tlon,  re.  1.  The  act  of  assert- 
ing. 2.  A  positive  declaration  without  attempt  at  proof.  3. 
The  maintenance  of  a  cause,  principle,  or  right.  Syn.:  see 
assurance. — as-ser'tlv(eB,  a.  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  re. — as- 
ser'tor,  re. — as-ser'to-ry,  a.     as"ser-to'ri-alt. 

as-sess",  1  a-ses';  2  a-seV,  vt.  1.  To  charge  (a  person  or 
property)  with  a  tax.  2.  To  determine  the  amount  of  (a 
tax  or  other  payment).  3.  To  value  for  taxation.  [< 
I-,.op  assiden,  ad,  to,  +  sedeo,  sit.] 

Syn.:  see  tax. — as-sess  'a-bl(ep,  a. — as-sess 'ment.n.  1. 
Apportionment  or  amount,  as  of  taxes.  2.  A  valuation  of 
property  for  taxation.  Syn.:  see  tax.— as-sess 'or,  n.  1. 
Ad  officer  who  assesses  taxes.  2.  A  specialist  associated 
with  a  judge.  3.  Any  adviser  or  assistant. — as"ses-so'- 
rl-al,  a. 

as 'set,  1  as'et;  2  as'et,  re.    An  item  in  one's  assets. 

as 'sets,  1  as'ets;  2  as'ets,  n.  pi.  Available  property,  as 
for  payment  of  debts,  legacies,  etc.  [  <  F.  assez,  <  L. 
ad,  to,  +  satis,  enough.] 

as-sev'er-ate,  1  a-sev'ar-et;  2  a-s&Ver-at,  vt.  [-AT"EDd; 
-at"ing.]  To  affirm  or  aver  emphatically  or  solemnly. 
[<  L.  ad,  to,  +  severus,  serious.] 

Syn.:  see  affirm;  allege;  assert. — as-sev"er-a'tion,  n. 
An  emphatic  or  solemn  declaration. 

As'shur,  1  asli'ur;  2  ash'ur,  re.  Myth.  The  highest  god  and 
national  deity  of  the  Assyrians. 

as-sib 'i-late,  1  a-sib'i-let;  2  a-sib'i-lat,  vt.    [-lat"ed<i;  -lath- 
ing.]   To  utter  with  a  sibilant  or  hissing  sound;  change  into 
a  sibilant.    [<  L.  assibilalus,  pp.,  <  ad,  to,  +  sibilo,  hiss.] 
— as-sib"l-la't!on,  re. 

»s"si-du'i-ty,  1  as"i-diu'i-ti ;  2  as"i-du'i-ty,  n.    [-ties2,  pi.] 

1.  Close  and  continuous  application  or  effort.  2.  Faith- 
ful personal  attention;  carefulness;  watchfulness;  assid- 
uousness.   Syn.:  see  industry. 

as-sld'u-ous,  1  a-sid'yu-us;  2  a-sid'yu-tis,  a.  Devoted  or 
constant;  unremitting;  diligent.  {  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  sedeo, 
sit.]  Syn.:  see  busy;  indefatigable;  industrious. — as- 
sld'u-ous-ly,  adv. — as-sld'u-ous-ness,  re. 

as-sign',  1  a-sain';  2  a-sln',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  set  apart  or 
select;  designate;  appoint;  allot;  specify;  attribute.  2. 
To  make  over,  as  to  an  assignee,  in  behalf  of  another. 
II.  i.  To  make  an  assignment.  [  <  L.  assigno,  <  ad, 
to,  +  signum,  mark.]  Syn.:  see  allege;  allot;  apportion; 
attribute;  commit;  set. 

— as-sign"a-bil'i-ty,  re.— as-sign 'a-bl(ep,  a.  That  may 
ibe  assigned  or  specified. — as-sign 'a-bly,  adv. — as"sig-na'- 
tion,  re.  1.  An  assigning:  assignment.  2.  An  appointment 
for  meeting,  especially  for  an  illicit  love=meeting. — as"- 
sign-ee',  re.  One  to  whom  property  has  been  assigned  in 
trust;  an  agent  or  trustee. — as-sign 'ment,  re.  1.  An  assign- 
ing. 2. -The  transfer  of  a  property  or  the  instrument  or  writ- 
ing of  transfer.— as"sign-or\  n.  One  who  assigns  or  makes 
an  assignment,    as-sign  'eri. 

as-sign',  n.  A  person  to  whom  property,  rights,  or  pow- 
ers are  transferred  by  another. 

as'sig-nat,  1  as'ig-nat  or  (F.)  tt"si"nyn':  2  as'ig-nat  or  (F.)  a"- 
si"nya',  re.  A  promissory  note  of  the  French  revolutionary 
government  (1789-1796).    [F.] 

as-sim'i-late,  1  a-sim'i-lot;  2  a-sim'i-lat,  v.  [-LAT"EDd; 
-lat"ing.]    I.  t.    1.  To  take  up  and  incorporate,  as  food. 

2.  To  make  or  become  like;  liken;  compare.  II.  i.  1. 
To  be  made  or  to  make  something  a  homogeneous  part 
of  the  substance  or  system.  2.  To  become  alike.  [  <  L. 
ad,  to,  +  simiUs,  like. J 

Syn.:  sec  compare—  as-slm'l-la-bl(e1',  a.  That  maybe 
assimilated—  as-slm"l-la'tlon,  re.  An  assimilating  or 
being  assimilated;  the  transformation  of  digested  nutriment 
into  an  integral  part  of  an  organism.  as-sim'l-la-tlv(eB, 
a.    Having  the  capability  of  or  tendency  to  assimilation. 

As"sl-nl-bol'a,  1  as"]-m-boi'a;  2  as"i-ni-b61'a,  re.  A  district, 
Saskatchewan,  Canada;  7,505  sq.  m.;  pop.  42,500. 

As-sin'l-boln,  1  a-sin'i-boin;  2  a-sln'l-boln,  re.  A  river  in 
N.  W.  Canada;  600  m.  to  Red  River  at  Winnipeg. 

As-sl'sl,  1  as-sl'sl;  2  iis-si'si,  re.  A  town  In  central  Italy;  pop. 
17,500;  birthplace  of  St.  Francis. 

as-slst''1,  1  a-sist';  2  a-slst',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  give  succor  or 
support  to;  aid;  help;  relieve.  2.  To  act  as  assistant  to. 
II.  i.  1.  To  render  aid  or  help;  be  of  service.  2.  To  be 
present:  with  at.  [  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  sisto,  <  sto,  stand.] 
Syn.:  see  abet;  aid;  help;  serve. — as-sls'tanee,  re.  Help; 
aid;  support;  relief.  Syn.:  see  help.— as-sls 'tan t.  I.  a.  1. 
Holding  a  subordinate  or  auxiliary  place,  office,  or  rank..    2. 


Affording  aid:  assisting.  II.  n.  One  who  or  that  which  as- 
sists; a  deputy  or  subordinate;  helper.  Syn.:  see  accessory; 
auxiliary.— as-sist'er,  as-sis'tor,  re. 

Assist.,  Asst.,  abbr.    Assistant. 

as-size',  1  a-saiz';  2  a-slz',  re.  [as-siz'esz,  pi.]  1.  A  session 
of  a  court,  the  court  itself,  or  the  time  and  place  of  hold- 
ing it:  vised  chiefly  in  the  plural.  2.  [Hist,  or  Obs.]  (1) 
A  trial  or  inquest  by  a  jury,  or  the  jury  itself.  (2)  A 
statute  or  ordinance.  3.  A  standard  of  weight  or  price, 
etc.    [  <  F.  assise,  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  sedeo,  sit.] 

as-so'cia-bI(ep,  1  a-so'sna-bl;  2  a-s5'sha-bl,  a.  1.  Capa- 
ble of  being  associated  or  brought  into  association.  2. 
Sociable. 

as-so'cl-ate,  1  a-so'sTu-et;  2  a-so'shi-at,  v.  [-at"ed ; -at"- 
ing.]  I.  r.  1.  To  bring  together;  unite;  combine;  ally. 
2.  To  connect  in  thought.  3f.  To  consort  with ;  accom- 
pany. II.  i.  To  be  in  company  or  relation ;  have  fellow- 
ship or  intercourse;  unite;  join.  [  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  socius, 
united.]  Syn.:  see  attribute;  mix;  unite.— as-so'cl-a- 
tiv(eB, a. 

as-so'ci-ate,  a.  Joined  together  or  with  another  or 
others;  united;  allied. 

as-so'ci-ate,  re.  1.  A  companion;  ally;  colleague;  partner. 
2.  A  concomitant.  3.  One  admitted  to  partial  member- 
ship in  an  association. 

Syn.:  ally,  chum,  coadjutor,  colleague,  companion,  com- 
rade, consort,  fellow,  friend,  helpmate,  mate,  partner,  peer. 
An  associate  as  used  officially  implies  a  chief,  leader,  or  prin- 
cipal, to  whom  the  associate  is  not  fully  equal  in  rank.  Asso- 
ciate is  popularly  used  of  mere  friendly  relations,  but  oftener 
implies  some  work,  enterprise,  or  pursuit  in  which  the  asso- 
ciated persons  unite.  We  rarely  speak  of  associates  in  crime 
or  wrong,  using  confederates  or  accomplices  instead.  Com- 
panion gives  itself  with  equal  readiness  to  the  good  or  the 
evil  sense.  Peer  implies  equality  rather  than  companion- 
ship; as,  a  jury  of  his  peers.  Comrade  expresses  more  fellow- 
ship and  good  feeling  than  companion.  Consort  is  a  word  of 
equality  and  dignity,  as  applied  especially  to  the  marriage 
relation.  Compare  accessory;  acquaintance;  friend- 
ship.—  Ant.:  antagonist,  enemy,  foe,  hinderer,  opponent, 
opposer,  rival,  stranger. 

as-so"ci-a'tion,  1  a-so"si-e'slian;  2  a-s5"ci-a'shon,  re.  1. 
The  act  of  associating,  or  the  state  of  being  associated; 
fellowship;  combination  for  a  common  purpose.  2. 
Connection  of  ideas  in  thought;  also,  the  process  or 
faculty  by  which  they  are  connected.  3.  A  body  of  per- 
sons associated  for  some  common  purpose;  corporation: 
society ;  partnership. 

Syn.:  alliance,  club,  community,  companionship,  com- 
pany, confederacy,  confederation,  conjunction,  connection, 
corporation,  familiarity,  federation,  fellowship,  fraternity, 
friendship,  lodge,  partnership,  society,  union.  We  speak  of 
an  alliance  of  nations,  a  club  of  authors,  politicians,  or  plea- 
sure>seekers,  a  community  of  Shakers,  a  company  of  soldiers 
or  of  friends,  a  confederacy,  confederation,  federation,  or 
union  of  states,  a  partnership,  corporation,  or  company  in 
business,  a  conjunction  of  planets,  a  religious,  literary,  or 
scientific  association  or  society.  See  acquaintance;  alli- 
ance; associate;  class;  friendly;  intercourse. — Ant.: 
disconnection,  disunion,  independence,  isolation,  separa- 
tion, severance,  solitude. — as-so"cl-a'tlnn-al,  a. 

as-SO'ci-a-tlv(e8,  1  a-so'sni-a-tiv;  2  a-so'shi-a-trv,  a.  Re- 
sulting from,  characterized  by,  or  pertaining  or  tending 
to  association. 

as-soil',  1  a-soil';  2  a-soil',  vt.  1.  To  absolve;  acquit.  2. 
To  atone  for;  remove.  [  <  OF.  assoiler,  <  L.  absolvo,  < 
ab,  from,  4-  solvo,  loose.]  as-soll'ylel  [Scot.];  as-soll'zlet 
[Scot.];  as-soyle't. 

as'so-nance,  1  as'o-nans;  2fls'o-nanc,  re.  Resemblance  in 
sound;  specifically,  in  riming  syllables,  correspondence 
of  the  accented  vowels,  but  not  of  the  consonants,  as  in 
main,  came.  [F.,  <  L.  asaonan(.t-)s,  ppr.  of  asxono,  < 
<n/.  to,  +  sono,  <  sonus,  sound, |  as'so-nant,  a.  Having 
resemblance  of  sound;  characterized  by  assonance. 

as-sort''1, 1  a-sort';2tl-sort',  i>.  l.t.  1.  To  distribute  into 
classes;  classify.  2.  To  make  up  of  or  furnish  with  a 
variety,  as  of  goods.  II.  i.  To  fall  into  a  class;  har- 
monize; associate;  consort.  [<  L.F  ad,  to,  +  sor{t-)s, 
lot  ]  -aS-SOrt 'men t,  re.  1.  The  act  or  process  of  assorting; 
classification.    2.  A  collection  of  various  things. 

as-sot't.  I.".  To  Infatuate;  be  Infatuated.  II.  a.  Dazed:  In 
this  sense  sometimes  written  assote. 

as-suage',  1  a-swej';  2  a-swag',  v.  [as-suaoed';  ab- 
suaq'ino.]  I.  t.  To  make  less  harsh  or  violent ;  allevi- 
ate; soothe;  allay;  abate;  calm.  II ||.  i.  To  urow  less; 
abate;  subside.     [  <  L.OF  ad,  to,  +  suavis,  sweet.] 

Syn.:  see  allay;  alleviate-  as-suage'nn-iii,  re.— as- 
sua'sivte8,  a.    Soothing;  tranqulllzlng. 

As"su-an',l  as*u-fln';  2iis»u-an'.n.  A  province  (169  sq.m.; 
pop.  233,000)  and  its  capital  (ancient  Sy-c'nc;  pop.  12,000), 


K'lhlni 


I  I  pttjri  Ut,p     I  •(,  flr;    full,  rO!.  .    I'lH.  I'Orn; 

k  ,    .,  I         i     i     .  i     I  .  i     •  .  |0,  nOt,  Ar,  arte,       (ill 


\      ran:. 

a»-Mim. 

I  1  I    ;•! .  1111- 

1 
I  I 

i-Inlm.    frlKli, 

.  Independent 

il  ItJ   lluii   prop- 

not  iH'lunii  in 

\ 
.  -, 'tending  «  .• 

.. ■  •  1 1 >■  and  "\ cr- 
.  ..f  office 

Iocs  in  it 
thi'char- 
■  openly 
I 

\  favorite  trick 
io  what  would  :ii  once 
M  n  man  clati 

See  pre- 
-..i 
aa-aam'a-ki  ■    .         u-inmed',  i.  Taken  tor 

jrai.'  ■■  ■■mini. 

su: 
aa-anmp  lit,  obUga- 

:iii  obligation. 

as  sump'Uon,  Imp'shon,  n.    1.  An 

lined :  :i  t :iki tin  tii1""  one- 

i ;  a  supposil  '-'.    '.      >gance. 

:. 

.» lllll|>"Ilv    I     . 

a*-»ur 'anrc.  .  ihur'anc,  n.    l.Thi 

Hon.     :$.  Sclf-eonfi- 
l.  :      tranoe. 

-umptlon.  boldness,  confl- 
imptlon,    sclf-a.-siTtlnn. 

I     uranci  may  have  the 

aalnt's  assu-  inded  upon  rea- 

sons: astur  a  matter  ol  feeling,    in  tin'  bad 

u  rth  belle!  of  one's 
!  criminal  la  re- 
mark in  the  bad 

Lccordlng  to  its 

'logy)  a  shameless  '  l      tranct    i-  In  act   or 

mm'  Effrantcry  Is  impu- 

:      Compare  belief;  certainty; 

.  prioe.—  Ant.:  bashfulness, 
r  i-t,  doubt,  hesitancy, 
rllty. 
a  — ~ u r « ■   .  it'lNf;  .] 

1 .  .'.  r<>  give  confidence  I 

Tina       •  ire.    [<  L.r  ad,  to,  ■+•  set 

as-aareid'tpa.    I.  Made  cer- 
tain: undo .  :.        '-possessed;  self-confident.    :i.  In- 

as-sur'ed-ly, 
•.vitii  confldi  i 
■i  nnr'rrt  nrai.  a      i  all  eonfldence;  certainty. — 

a«--ur'ir        -'.r.  .i— >ur  'lng-l>  ,  adv. 

\  —  >  r  'I- 1.  i.  n.     An  ancient  empire  of 

\  •-■  |  r  l-.in.       A  n. 
ae-arth'ment,  it  -mant:  2  ft-syth'ment,  n. 

for  Injury. 
A  —  tar'te,  1  aa-lOl  n.     Myth.     Syro-Pheniclan 

goddess  of  love  ar.' : 
a-«tat'lc,  ;•  -  a-)stat'lc,  a.    BeinK  In  neu- 

tral equilibrium;  I 

poslv  .    <   a-  prlv.   +   hUlimi 

stand        a-stat 'l-cal-l>,  adr. 
a--t'-<-r'.  :  -  I    .'.   [8001  ]   Astir;  stirring. 

a»'t'-r.  1 .  A  plant  of  the  genus  Aster, 

lag  alternate  leaves,  and  flowers  with  white,  purple. 
.'.  I  •'.!<■  of  various  allied 
■*;  as  the  China  ailer,  false  aster.  Cape  a ■■'■ 
Sr.  astir,  star.) 

/  1    as'tar-,  as'u-n-,   as'ti-ro-:   2   as'ter-.   as'te-rl-, 
•  rn    Greek    astir,   star:    combining 
■re-,     f^rms. 
-a»ter,  nuffiz.    A  contemptuous  diminutive;  as,  poetaster, 
m&ticaster,  criticaster,  etc.   [<  I. .-aster,  dim.  sufBx.l 
-i-,il.  3tar»Hke. — as-te'rl-al-lte,  it. 

gtarfi-  .Wte-rl'l-dae, 

n.  pi.    Echln.    A  family  of  starfishes.— as'tcr-ld,  as-te'rl- 
Id.  '.  -  a.—  te'rl-old,  a.  <fc  n. 


as  l.r-l-k.    |  \     i  ii    ■■  ' 

in   writing   and   printing,   i"t    referenoee,  etc      I 

'         .  I  tin    of  m/f'r.  liar.]      ax'lcr-lslil,  n       I.    \  nr'iu|> 

• I,  \  little  olui i  group  "f  itan 

a-s(crn'.  1  •.■rn',  u./r.     Afoul      M  aOJ   point 

bel  iackw  &rd 

as'lcr-nlil.     !  I.   0        1.    Si  ii- 

BlaJh    is  to  il 
II.  I.  Oi  i  group  oil  small  planel  .  mora 

died  planetoids,  between  Mai  ■  and  Jupiter, 

or  which  about  700  have  I n  discovered     8.A    I 

as'ter-ol'dal, 
\s"irr-oi  'de-a,  'i   pi      \  i  i.i  •■•  or  order  ol  eohlnoderms,  em- 
bracing the  true  starn  v    1 1  ii     ■     I   As"lrr-I<r- 

e-a!;     \s 'Icr-l-nlili -■ :  ;     V-'lcr-oI'da: .     as"lcr-iirile- 

an. 

as-f hf'nl-.i.   1    i    ilii'iu-..  or  -tlii-tun'  oi  ■<  or 

-tlii-ni  'u,  n    Pathol    General  debility;  depression  of  vital 

power;  weaknoas     I  •    '  ■  ,  <  «- 

prlv.    i    Hhenos,  strei  a«'the-nyt.     aa-thenlc,  n. 

•  me  who  is  physloally  wink  or  undeveloped,     as- then 'Ic, 

as-then  1-eal, 

asih  'ma,  l  as'me;  2  i  I'ma,  n      \  ehronic  disorder  ohar- 

bj   extreme  difficulty  of  breathing.     |<  <!r. 

I,    |i:iniini;.    ■      00,    blOW   |      asl  h-inal 'Ic.      I.  ./.      i  'f. 

pertaining  to,  or  affected  witti  asthma.  II.  ».  a  pea  on 
Buffering  from  or  subject  to  asthma, 
a-slk'ma-llsm,  1  B  ltd ■■'ni..-ii/.iii;  2  :i-n1uViii:i-H:iii.  »  V 
structural  defect  "f  the  eye  suoh  thai  tne  rays  of  light 
do  nut  converge  to  a  poinl  on  the  retina.  I  <  a-,  not, 
irk.]    as"tig-mat'lc,  a,  [about. 

a-stir'.   1    B-Stur;  2  :i--tir'.  adv.   &  a.      Stirring;    moving 

a-sto 'ma- tons.  i  ..  gtO'ms  tos;2  a-etfl'ma-tus,  a  Without  a 
mouth  or  breathlng>pores.    [<  (  ,  <  a- prlv.  + 

ttomait-),  mouth.]   as'to-mousj;. 

a-sion'ifii  ,  i  B-sten'id;  2a-st6n'ld,a    Astounded;  astonished. 

a-ston'lshS  1  B-sten'tsn;  2  a-st6n'ish,  tt.  1.  To  affect 
with  wonder  and  surprize;  amaze;  confound,  2t«  C"o 
stun  ur  paralyse,  as  by  a  Bhock;  astound.  [ME.  tisfun- 
i.ii.  astonien,  stun  completer}  i  a-ston'lsh-lng,  pa.  E*ro- 
duclng  or  tciuiiiik'  to  produce  astonlshmenl  a-ston'lah- 
ment,  n.  1.  '1  be  Btate  ol  being  astonished  or  thai  which 
It;  great  surprize;  amazement  2t<  i  stunned  or  para- 
lysed condition     s.vn.:  aee  i«  \/.i.mkm  .  pebflexiti 

a-stound'di  1  a-staund';  2  a-stound',  v.  I.  t.  To  over- 
whelm with  wonder  or  amazement;  confound;  stupefy. 
II.  To  cause  amazemenl  or  alarm.  [Corrupted  < 
mi  a  tuniem  Bee  ibtonish  i  a-stound'  ,  pa.  A  matted; 
lunded     a-stound 'Ing,  pa.   •ly,adt. 

astr.,  astron.,  abbr.   Astronomer,  asl  ronomy. 

a-strad'dle,  l  s-etradl;  2  a-etrad'l,  a.  &  adv.  in  asiriuMiing 
position ;  astride;  bestriding.  [Justice. 

As-tra-'a.  1  as-trTe;  2  fifl-trt'a,  ».     dr.  Myth.     The  goddess  of 

as'tra-gal,  1  as/tr8-gel;2  as'tra-gal',  n.  i.  Arch.  A  small  con- 
vex molding  or  bead.     2.  The  ankle-bone  or  tarsus.     3.  pi. 

Dlo    originally  such  bones.    [<  Or.  astr agalos.] 
\s"tra-khan',  1  as'tra-kun';  2  iis'trii-kaii'.  n.     I.  A  govern- 
91,042  SO.  m.;  pop.  l,2r,_',()0(l)  and  city  (pop.  144,000). 

Russia     "i.  [a-]  I  as'trs-kan;  2  as'tra-kan.    The  skin 

of  very  young  lambs  from  Astrakhan,  of  which  mulls,  etO., 
[de     as'tra-cliant. 
as'tral,  1  as'trel;  2  as'tral,  a.    Of,  pertaining  to,  coming 

from,  or  like  the  stars;    .-tarry.       [<   Gr.L*tl  astron,  < 

a-strand',   1    a-strand';  2  a-strand',  adv.   &  a.     Aground; 

stranded. 
a-stray\  1  B-strS';  2  a-stra',  a.  <fe  adv.     Away  from  the 

right  path;  wandering  in  or  into  error  or  evil.    [<  JL.LL+°*' 
'ray.) 
as-trlcl'5,  1  as-trlkt';  2  Bs-trlet',  •'.    1.  To  bind  up.    2.  To 

bind  down:  restrict;  limit.    [<   L.  attrietus,  pp.  of  astringo; 
ad-strlcl't.     as-trlc'tlon,  n.    The  act  of 
together,  or  tin-  state  ol  being  astrlcted. 
a-slrlde',  1   ..--tniid';  2  a-strid'.  adv.  &  prep.     With  one 

leg  on  each  side  of,  or  with  the  I 
as-trlngc'.  1  as-trlnj';  2as-trlng',  a.  [AB-TBINOED':  as-tring'- 
i.  or  draw  together;  compress.    2f.  To  con- 

strain; oblige.    [  <  L.  aslrlngn,  <  ad,  to,  +  stringo,  bind  fast.] 
a  — irin 'gent,   1    as-trin'jent;  2   as-trln'gent.     I.   a.     1. 

'1  ending  to  contract  or  draw  together  organic  tissues; 

binding;  constipative;  styptic.    2.  Harsh;  stern ;  austere. 

II.  n.     An  astringent  substance,  as  alum,  tannin,  etc. 

[<  L.  ad.  to,  -1-  strinoo,  bind  fast.)— as-f rln'gen-cy,  n.— 

as-trln'gent-ly, 
as'trln-gert.  n.    A  falconer,    aus'trln-gert;  os'trln-gert. 
as 'fro-,  1  as'tro-;  2  aVtro-.    From  Greek  astron,  star:  a 

combining  form. 
astrol.,  o6ftr.    Astrologer,  astrology. 

as'tro-labe,  1  as'tro-ICb;  2  as'tro-lflb.  n.  An  Instrument  for- 
merly used  for  obtaining  the  altitudes  of  planets  and  stara 

[<  astro-  +  Or.  lambanO,  take.) 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  habit^   aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    10  =  feud;    chin;    go;    0  =  sme;   fhin,   this. 
61         2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,  burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


assume 
a'thing 


as-trol'o-gy,  1  as-trel'o-ji;  2  as-trol'o-gy,  n.  1.  Ancient- 
ly, the  science  of  the  stars;  practical  astronomy.  2.  The 
investigation  of  the  aspects,  etc.,  of  the  planets,  and 
their  imagined  influence  upon  the  destinies  of  men;  star* 
divination.  [  <  Gr.  astron,  <  aster,  star,  +  lego,  speak.] — 
as-trol'o-gcr,  n.  One  who  practises  astrology. — as"tro- 
log'lc,  a.  as"tro-Iog'I-calt;  as-trol'o-goust.— as"tro- 
log'i-cal-ly,  adv. 

as-trom'e-try,  1  as-trem'i-tn;  2  as-trom'e-try,  n.  That 
branch  of  astronomy  which  determines  the  apparent 
positions  and  magnitudes  of  the  heavenly  bodies.  [  < 
astro-  +  Gr.  metron,  measure.] 

as-tron  'O-my,  1  as-tren'o-mi;  2  as-tron'o-my,  n.  The 
science  that  treats  of  the  heavenly  bodies,  their  motions, 
magnitudes,  distances,  and  physical  constitution.  [  < 
Gr.  astron,  star,  +  nemo,  distribute.] — as-tron 'o-mer,  re. 
One  learned  in  astronomy;  a  skilled  observer  of  the  stars. — 
as"tro-nom'ic,  -i-cal,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  astronomy. 
— as"tro-nom'I-cal-ly,aaX— as-tron 'o-mlze,  vi.  [-mized; 
-miz'ing.]    To  study  or  practise  astronomy,    -nii.se  I. 

as"tro-phys'ics,  1  as"tro-fiz'iks;  2  as"tro-fys/ies,  n. 
Astron.  That  branch  of  astronomy  which  treats  of  the 
appearance  and  physical  constitution  of  the  heavenly 
bodies.  [<  astro-  +  physics.] — as"tro-phys 'i-cai, 
a.— as"tro-phys'i-clst,  n. 

as-tute',  1  as-tifit';  2  as-tiit',  o.  Keen  in  discernment; 
acute;  shrewd;  sagacious;  cunning.  [<  L.  astutus,  < 
aslus,  cunning.]    as-tu'clousj;  as-tu'tious}. 

Syn.:  acute,  clear-sighted,  crafty,  cunning,  discerning,  dis- 
criminating, keen,  knowing,  penetrating,  penetrative,  per- 
spicacious, sagacious,  sharp,  shrewd,  subtile,  subtle.  Acute, 
from  the  Latin,  suggests  the  sharpness  of  the  needle's  point; 
teen,  from  the  Anglo=Saxon,  the  sharpness  of  the  cutting 
edge.  The  astute  mind  adds  to  acuteness  and  keenness  an 
element  of  cunning  or  finesse.  The  astute  debater  leads  his 
opponents  into  a  snare  by  getting  them  to  make  admissions, 
or  urge  arguments,  of  which  he  sees  a  result  that  they  do  not 
perceive.  Knowing  has  often  a  slightly  Invidious  sense.  A 
knowing  horse  or  dog  knows  more  than  could  be  expected  of 
such  an  animal.  A  knowing  child  has  more  knowledge  than 
would  be  looked  for  at  his  years,  perhaps  more  than  is  quite 
desirable,  while  to  speak  of  a  child  as  intelligent  is  altogether 
complimentary.  See  acute;  intelligent;  knowing. — 
Ant.:  blind,  dull,  idiotic,  imbecile,  shallow,  short-sighted, 
stolid,  stupid,  undiscerning,  unintelligent. 
— as-tute'ly,  adv. — as-tute'ness,  n. 

A-sun"oi-on',  1  a-sun"si-6n';  2  a-sun"ci-6n',  n.  A  city  (pop. 
80.000) ;  capital  of  Paraguay. 

a-sun'der,  1  a-sun'dar;  2  a-sun'der,  adv.  In  or  into  a 
different  place  or  direction;  apart;  in  or  into  pieces.  [  < 
AS.  onsundran.] 

a-swlm',  1  a-swim';  2  a-swim',_adt>.  &  a.    Afloat:  swimming. 

a-swoon',  1  a-swiin';  2  a-swoon',  adv.  &  a.  In  a  swooning 
state. 

a-sy'lum,  1  a-sai'lum;  2  a-sy'lum,  n.    An  institution  for 

the  care  of  unfortunate  or  destitute  persons;  a  refuge; 

retreat;  anciently,  an  inviolable  shelter  from  arrest  or 

punishment.    [  <  Gr.L  a-  priv.  +  sylon,  right  or  seizure.] 

Syn.:  see  refuge. 

a-sym'me-try,  1  a-sim'i-tn;  2  a-sym'e-try,  n.  Want  of 
symmetry  or  proportion.  [  <  Gr.  asymmetria,  <  a- 
priv.,  and  see  symmetry.] — a"sym-met'rlc,  a"sym- 
met'rl-cal,  a. 

as'ym-ptote,  1  as'im-tot;  2  as'ym-tot,  n.  Math.  A  right  line 
which  an  Infinite  branch  of  a  curve  continually  approaches 
but  does  not  reach.  [<  Or.  asymptotes,  <  a-  priv.  +  syn, 
together,  +  pipto,  fall] — as"ym-ptot'le,  a.  Pertaining  to 
or  like  an  asymptote.    as"ym-ptot'l-calj. 

a-syn'chro-nlsm,  1  a-sin'kro-nizm;  2  a-syn'cro-nlgm,  n. 
Want  of  coincidence  in  time. — a-syn'eliro-nous,  a. 

a-syn'dc-t«n,  1  9-eln'di-ten;  2  a-syn'de-ton,  n.     1.  Oram.  \+ 
Absence  of  connection  or  coherence  of  parts.    2.  Rhet.  Ab-/| 
sence  of  connectives.    [L.,  <  Gr.  a-  priv.  +  syn,  together,  + 
deo,  bind.] 

at,  1  at;  2  at,  prep.  1.  Of  a  point  in  space:  on;  upon;  close 
to;  by;  near;  in;  within,  2.  Of  motion:  to;  toward; 
after;  by  way  of;  through.  3.  Of  time:  on  or  upon  the 
point,  stroke,  or  coming  of;  dining  the  lapse  of;  in;  by. 

4.  Of  occasion,  cause,  or  instrument:  on  the  happening 
or  the  utterance  of;  in  response  to;  because  of.  5.  Of 
degree,  etc.:  up  to;  to  the  extent  of;  corresponding  to, 

6.  Of  relations  in  general:  in;  engaged  in;  occupied  with; 
connected  with;  dependenton;  in  a  state  or  condition  of. 
[ME.  at,  <  AS.  set,  at,  to.) 

Syn.:  about,  because  of,  by,  during,  in,  near,  on,  on  occa- 
sion of,  to,  toward,  with,  within.  As  regards  place,  al  Is  not 
used  with  names  of  countries;  we  say  in  England,  in  France, 
etc.;  with  names  of  cities  and  towns  the  use  of  at  or  in  de- 
pends not  chiefly  upon  the  size  of  the  place,  but  upon  the 
point  of  view.  When  we  think  merely  of  the  local  or  geu- 
gruphlcal  point,  we  use  at;  when  we  think  of  Inclusive  space, 


lAm.  Ind.] 


we  employ  in;  as,  we  arrived  at  Liverpool;  there  are  few  rich 
men  in  this  village.  As  regards  time,  at  Is  used  of  a  point  of 
time,  as  of  the  hour,  minute,  or  second;  as,  the  train  leavei 
al  10:30  a.  m.;  al  is  also  used  of  indefinite  divisions  of  time 
involving  some  duration;  as,  at  morning,  noon,  or  night;  to 
lie  awake  al  night.  We  say  at  the  hour,  on  the  day,  in  the 
year.  On  with  certain  divisions  of  time  has  a  special  pre- 
cision, signifying  exactly  al,  neither  before  nor  after;  as,  the 
train  leaves  every  hour,  on  the.hour;  so  we  say  on  the  minute, 
on  the  instant,  etc. 

at-,  prefix.    Euphonic  form  of  ad-  before  t,  as  in  attune. 

A.=T.,  abbr.  ArchHreasurer. — a  t.,  abbr.  [It.]  A  tempo  (in 
time).— At.    Atty. ,  abbr.    Attorney. 

at'a-bal,  1  at'a-bal;  2  at'a-bal,  re.  A  Moorish  tabor;  kettle* 
drum.    [Sp.,  <  Ar.  al,  the,  +  tabl,  drum.] 

at  'a-ghan,  1  at'a-gan;  2  at'a-gan,  re.    Same  as  yataghan. 

A"ta-hual'pa,  1  a'ta-hwal'pa;  2  a"ta-hwal'pa,  n.  Last  Inca 
of  Peru,  put  to  death  by  Pizarro,  1533. 

a-ta'jo,  1  a-ta'Ho;  2  a-ta'Ho,  re.  [Sp.]  1.  A  string  of  mules.  2. 
A  cross=path  shortening  a  road.    3.  An  enclosure  for  cattle. 

At"a-lan'ta,  1  afa-lan'ta;  2  afa-lan'ta,  re.  Gr.  Myth.  A 
princess  who  agreed  to  marry  the  suitor  who  could  outrun 
her.  This  proved  to  be  Milanion,  who  outwitted  her  by 
dropping  three  golden  apples  given  him  by  Aphrodite,  which 
Atalanta  paused  to  pick  up. 

a"ta-la'ya,  la"tu-lQ'ya;2a"ta-la'ya,n.  A  watch=tower.  [Sp., 
<  Pg.  <  Arab,  'talaeah.] 

at'a-man,  1  at'a-man;  2  at'a-man,  re.  A  Cossack  chief;  net- 
man.    [  <  Pais,  atamanu,  headman.) 

at"a-mas'co,  1  at"a-mas'ko;  2  at"a-mas'eo,  t 
Bot.     A  low  North=Amerjcan  plant  of  the 
amaryllis  family,  bearing  a  large  white  and 
pink  flower. — atamasco  Illy,  theatamasco 
or  an  allied  plant. 

at'a-vism,  1  at'a-vizm;  2  at'a-vigm,  n. 
Intermittent '  heredity;  reversion  to  an 
ancestral  type,  trait,  or  the  like.  [  <  L. 
atavus,  <  avus,  grandfather.] — at'a-vist, 
re.— at"a-vls'tlc,  a. 

a-tax'I-a,  1  a-taks'i-a:  2  a-taks'i-a,  re.  Pathol. 
1.  Irregularity  in  the  functions  of  the  bodily 
organs,  especially  in  the  coordination  of 
muscular  movements.  2.  A  condition  of 
disorder  characterizing  nervous  fevers.  [< 
Gr.  ataxia,  <  n-priv.  +  tasso,  arrange.] 
a-tax'yt. — a-tax'ic,  a. 

ate,  1  et  or  et;  2  at  or  et,  imp.  of  eat,  v. 

A'te,  1  e'ti;  2  a'te,  re.    Gr.  Myth.    Goddess  of . 
malicious  mischief,  who  incited  men  to  crime, 

-ate1,  suffix.    A  form  occurring  in  participial 

adjectives  derived  from  the  Latin  past  participle;  as,  desol- 
ate.     [<  OF.  -al,  <  L. -at?;s,  pp.  suffix  of  first  conjugation.] 

-ate2,  suffix.  A  form  occurring  in  verbs  representing  Latin 
verbs  of  the  first  conjugation  and,  by  analogy,  in  other 
verbs;  as.  fascinate,  assassinate.    [  <  L.  -atus;  see  -ate1.) 

-ate3,  suffix.  A  form  serving  to  denote  office  or  function,  also 
to  denote  salts  formed  from  acids  whose  names  end  in  -ic; 
as,  magistrate,  legate,  nitrate.  [<  OF.  -at,  <  L.  -atvs,  suffix 
of  nouns  derived  from  nouns.)  [of  an  artist;  studio.    [F.] 

a"te-lier',  1  cTta-lye';  2  a"te-lye',  re.    A  workshop,  especially 

Ath"a-bas'ca,  1  atli"a-bas'ka;  2  ath"a-bas'ia,  n.  1.  A  river 
in  N.  W.  Canada;  1,000  m.  to  Lake  Athabasca.  2.  A  lake  in 
N.W.Canada;  4,400sQ.m.  3.  A  town  in  Alberta  province, 
Canada. 

ath"a-na'sla,  1  ath'a-ne'aa;  2  iith'a-niVzha,  re.  1.  Death- 
lessness;  immortality.  2f.  Tansy.  [<  Gr.  athanasia,  <  a- 
priv.  +  thanatos,  death.]    a-than'a-sy]:. 

Ath"a-na'slus,  1  ath"a-ne'srius;  2  ath"a-na'shus,  re.  (293- 
373.)  A  bishop  of  Alexandria;  opposed  Arianlsm.  —  Ath"a- 
na'sian,  a.  &  n. — Athanasian  creed,  a  creed  received  in 
the  Greek,  Roman,  and  English  churches:  named  for  Atlia- 
nasius.  - Ath"a-na'slan-lst,  re.  An  adherent  of  Athana- 
sius  or  the  Athanasian  creed. 

a'thc-ism,  1  e'thi-izm;  2  a'the-Tsm,  it.  The  denial  of  or 
disbelief  in  the  existence  of  (lod.  |<  Gr.  a-  priv.  + 
theos,  god.] —  a'the-lst,  n.  one  who  holds  or  advocates 
atheism.  Syn.:  see  SKEPTIC— a"the-ls'tic,  a.  a"the-ls'- 
tl-cal{. 

Atli'el-stan,  1  afh'el-stan;  2  alh'el-.slan,  re.  (805-940.)  An 
Anglo-Saxon  king. 

A-thc'na,  1  a-thi'na;  2  a-thr'na,  n.  Or.  Myth.  Goddess  of 
wisdom;    patroness    of    arts:    identified    with    the    Roman 

Minerva. 

ath"e-nc'um,  )1    afh"i-nl'um;   2   ath*e-n6'um,   n.      A 

ath"e-nsB'um» )  literary  club  or  academy;  a.  reading* 
room,  library,  or  the  like.  [<  Gr.  Atheni,  Athena,  god- 
dess of  wisdom.) 

A-thc'ni-an,  1  a-fhl'm-an;  2  a-thS'ni-an.  I.  a.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  Athens,  or  to  its  ar1  or  culture.  II-  n.  A 
citizen  of  Athens. 

Atli'ens,  1  afh'enz;  2  ath'fins,  n.  An  ancient  olty  In  Attica; 
now  capital  of  Greece  (pop,  168,000). 

a"thlii|[,  1  o'thio;  2  a'thing,  u.    [Scot.]    Everything. 


Atamasco 
Lily. 

Flower.     2.  Bulb 


athlr>i 
aitltu.lr 


«••-.   fat.  firr;   Inn  .   g*t.  pr*v ;    Ml.  p.    I  ■  >  (A;   not,  Or;   full,  rOle;    but,  burn; 

I  I  i     ,»l;    M,  gel.  |»c>.  (In;  hit,  Ice;   I      •"•;   I      •;  gO,  not,  or.  »6n,         M 


a-lhlr-i   .    . 

Bib.   It  I.  I 

» 
in  the  public 

llll-l.l    li  . 

\  Igorous; 

,1  :i-l,  i   I-.  il-l)  .  «i  li-li  i   l-<  l-m. 

■  th-l 

v  n  )   In 

■ 

j-l  hn.ir'    .  •■  I  r"m  -"'•'  t" 

.:i ;  porverselj       II 

ul .  in  opposition  to 
•  i  .urn  nr 
l        ...  I 

added  to  :i  past-partlclple 

elded  U> 

.i-ui.  .  a         1.  In  a  tilted  manner; 

tilling  or  making  :i  lanoe»thrust; 

.-.  in  spirited  opposition. 

-ail. .ii.  I  m  nouns  ..(  action  ol  l.atln  origin 

:   ,•  in  origin;  as,  creation, 

u  condition  or 

::.  as  multiplication,'  or  (3)  :i 

I  •       .  I      -l.mnn-). 

■  i  to  the  stem  ol  verba  ol  the 

Ml.. 

At-l»ni..  n     A  city  of  N.W.  Georgia; 

pop  244,000;  aceneofanotedslegelnl864 
ji-i.ui  i.  -.  pi.    Arch.    Male  bu- 

lumns  or  pilasters. 

tTLAS.] 

\i-i.ui  M.  .  tie.    I.  a.    of  or  pertaining 

i«,  t!  -  to  Atlanta).    II.  n      \n  ocean  be- 

I  i  urope  and  Africa;  33.000,000  aq.  m. 
,  pi  rtalning  to  Atlas.] 

Ai-i.ni  ii-.  i   .    a  mj  thlcal  con- 

i  oil  >i  bj  i  be  Atlantic  ocean 

M    l.in-l.     ill.  Al-lan'll-dcs.  a. pi.    I.ThePl 

:.  i    e  Inhabitants  of  Atlantla    t. 

at  li-.  1 .  A  volume  of  maps  or  the 

34)  inches.    8.  [A-] 

supporting  the  pillars  of  heaven 

on  his  shoulders.     4.  AnaL  The  topmost  bone  of  the 

.",.  ntal  olive*green  beetle.    [<  Gr.L 

Atlas  Moan 'tains.  N\  W.  Africa;  highest  peak 

' 
at-inol'o-e).  1  .ii-m"!'o-ji:2at-rn6ro-gy.  n.    [-SUSS,  pi.]  The 

■      DOT 

-.  +  -L<MiT.]- at"nio-log'lc,  afmo-log'1-cal, 
m, — at-mol 'p-glst,  u.    One  skilled  In  atmology. 
at  'mo— prion-,     l   atfrnss-flr;  2  Ht/mos-fSr,  n.     1.  The 

at'n ten  .  i  body  of  gnnen,  chiefly  air,  that 

iv.  iilv  body.    2.  Any  sur- 
,  en\  ironment.    3.  A  eon- 
ire  per  unit  of  area,  the  equiva- 
i  tnercurycolumn  1  centum  tei 
-      ;  vi  1  at  London,  at  a 
I  <    (Jr.   atmo.i.   vapor.    • 
ii  "mo— phi-r  'lc.  ..       Pi  rtalning  or  belonging  to 
at"mo>-pher'l-cal;. — 
afnio— pher  l-<  ,il-l> ,  ads. 
a-toir,  l  ..-•■.     Z  a-tol',  n.    A  ruupshaped  coral  island 
g  a  lagoon:  common  in  the  I'a- 
:  d.  closing.] 
atom.  I.'         F  the  indivisible  parte 

ed  to  be  formed.    '£.  The 
■mil!  -'ion  of  matter.     3.  An  exceed- 

ing!-. [  <  Gr.  alomos,  < 

a-  prlv.  -~  UmnC. 

■-  hut:  jwiti'i.e.— a-tom'le,  -l-ral,  a.    Of  or 
ite;  Infinitesimal;  ele- 
ment .       atomic  theorj  the  theorj   to 
leal  •  in,  and  In 
deft:,                       iportkras.— atomic  Height  (.Chem.),  the 
emlcaJ  element  a*  compared  with 
that   of  an   atom   of   hydrogen,     at'om-lsm,   n.      I.  The 
ator.-                                                             dherence  there- 
Indivlduallsm.     a-tom'l- 
rl.m*. --at'om-M,   n      afom-N'tlc,  o.      Pertaining   to 
,  atoms,   atomism,  or  atomlsts;   (ragmentary;   composed  of 
:   atom   by  atom:   separate      at"om-ls'- 
tl->  il   .      it 'om-l-ia'tlon,  n     A  reducing 
a   li  .                                 at"orii-l-sa'tlon;.     al'om-lze,   rt. 
(-iztu.  -Hfnro.]   To  reduce  to  atoms:  pulverize;  spray,  at'- 


oin-Ki:.     .•  i '  ■  •  1 1  ■  - 1       i  tn  apparatus  r.>i  reduolng  a 

liquid  to  spraj     at'om>ls"ert.    at'om-ol'o-gy,  a     The 
doctrine  ol  ale 
•it  'OHJ-J   .  im-J  .  'i       |n  |S,  ,.    |      \n  atom. 

pigni)  I  v  i .i\i  | 

al   o-m>   .]  I.  ton   or   an 

emaciated  person.  | -^  lnatow  uiii-uinl.i-iooiliis.nl 
otSMir).] 

i-loii.    .  [a-TON«d';   \    H'n'inu]    I.  I 

I  ii  opitiatc;  api 
Lis,    II.  i.     I.  To  make  an  expiation  foi  tin  oi  n 
sinner;  make  amends,  reparation,  •  ■  on     ''.. 

To  be  at  one;  agree  [ME  atoni  c«at;onk1.]  h-1o'- 
n.i-iii  .  .  .i-ion,  i-ni  r' .  a-tone'ment,  n  I.  Satis- 
faction, reparation,  or  expiation  made  for  wrong  oi  I 
something  suffered,  done,  or  given  b)  waj  of  satisfaction  2. 
77<.../  fh«  .i.r.io  i:ii  work  of  Christ  :t  .  Reconolllatlon; 
agreemenl 

a-toii'lc.   1    ..-toii'ik:  g  a-toii'lc     I.«.     1.  riiilnl    (li    Nol   BO 

oented.    (2)  Without  tone;  surd.    t.  Pathol  Lacking  1 ioi 

vigor.    II.  n.    1.  Pftilol  (1)  An  unaccented  syllable  or  word 
Don«vocalsound:a8urd; breathing.  'I.  >/,./.  Anallevl 
ative  of  Irritation  or  excitement.    [<    Qt.aumot,  •    a- prlv. 
...  stretch.] 

at  'ii-n\ ,  l  at'o-ni;  2  afo-nj ,  n.  w  anl  ol  tone  or  power:  aii- 
nonnal  relaxal  Ion,  [abo\  e 

a- top',  1  s-top';  2  a-top',  adv.  &  prep     <  >n  the  top;  up 

-a  i  or.   ufflx.    An  agent ;  doer;  actor;  one  who  or  that  whli 
arbitrator,'  mediator.    [<    I..  -<unr.  where  -tnr,  the  suffix  ol 
sgenc] .  Is  added  to  the  stem  in  -a-  ol  verbs  ol  the  iirst  oon- 
lugatlon.] 

-atorj .  tufflx.  <  >f  or  pertaining  to;  producing  or  produced  bj . 
of  the  nature  of;  expi  :clamatory.    [<  L. -atorfus, 

where  the  adjective  suffix -fus  is  added  to  -ator;  see  -atob.1 

at"ra-hiriinis,  i  afrs-bll'yus;  2  at'ra-bil'yfls,  a.  Dl 
to  hypochondria;  melancholy;  splenetic  [<  L.  at 
black  bile,  <  ator,  bla  bile.]     at"ra-hl-la'rl-an, 

n      \  sufferer  from  biliary  derangement;  hypochondriac. 
at"ra-bl-la'rl-an,  a.     Atrabilious,     at"ra-hll'l-arj;  at"- 
ra-bll'l-a-ryt. 

at"ra-nien'tal  ,  1  at'ra-mcn'tol;  2  afra-mCn'tal,  0,  Of  the 
nature  of  Ink;  Ink-like;  Inky.  [<  L.  (itnimintum,  <  altr, 
black.]    at"ra-men-ta'rl-ous{;  at"ra-iiien'(oust. 

A'treiis,  1  c'trils  or  O'ln-iis;  2  ii'trus  nr  a'tri-us,  n.  Myth. 
Father  of  Agamemnon  and  Menelaiis,  who  slew  three  sons 
of  his  faithless  brother,  Thyestes,  and  served  them  to  their 
fathei  at  a  banquet  of  feigned  reconciliation. 

a'trl-um,  1  e'tn-um;  2  fi'trl-um.  n.  [a'TBI-A,  pi.]  1.  The  en- 
trance-hall or  open  court  forming  the  principal  apartment  ol 
an  ancient  Roman  house;  a  court  or  hall;  also,  a  cemetery. 
Z.  Anal.  An  auricle  of  the  heart;  In  zoology,  a  cavity  or  sac. 
[L.,  <  nlir.  black.] 

a-tro'riinis,  1   B-tTO'shus;  2  a-tro'shus,  n.     Outrageously 

wicked,  criminal,  vile,  or  cruel;  heinous; horrible.  [  <  L. 
atroz,  cruel.]  Syn.:  see  barbabotjb;  "■"""";  atTAiious. 
— a-tro'elous-Iy,   adt.-  a-tro'eloos-ness,   a.    a-troe'l- 

ty,  n.     |-tii>z.  pZ.]     I.  The  being  atrocious;  an  atrocious 

deed;  shocking  cruelty  or  wickedness.    2.  [Colloq.]  A  bad 

blunder  or  wretched  piece  of  work. 
at'ro-phy,  j  1  at'ro-n;  2  at'ro-fy.    I.  rt.  &  vi.    [-phied; 
afro-fy1',    J-pmf-ING.]    To  cans.-  to  waste  away;  wither. 

II.  n     [-fiiiKs/-, ;./ ]    A  wasting  or  withering  of  the  body 

or  any  of  its  parts;   also,  a   Stoppage  "I   the  growth  of  a 

i      [>     I  .i   '  '  ' '  ,/-  pnv.  1  ■  'ri  pin),  nourish.]  — 

a-iroph'ie.       at'ro-phonst. 

at'ro-pln,  1  at'ro-pln;  2  at'ro-pin,  n.  A  poisonous  alkaloid 
Obtained  from  the  deadly  nightshade:  used  to  check  spasms 
and  to  dilate  the  pupil  of  the  eye.  |<  Alropu,  name  of  a 
g.mi-  of  herbs  Ol  the  nightshade  family.]    at'ro-plnej. 

At'ro-pos,  1  at'ro-pos;  2  it'ro-p6s,  n.  Gr.  Myth.  The  "In- 
flexible" goddess;  one  of  the  three  Fates. 

1 1  -  .        -     At  suit  of. 

at'ta-bal, a.    BameasATABAL.   at'ta-ballt. 

at-laell",  1  a-ta'h';  2  a-tach'.  ,  I.  t.  1.  To  make  fa-t  to 
-one  tiling;  join;  connect ;  attribute;  Assign.  2.  To  unite 
by  affection;  win.  3.  Law.  To  take  and  hold  by  legal 
process  II.  i.  To  belong  as  a  quality  ,,r  the  like;  be 
incident;  vest.  [<  F.  attacker,  <  <i-,  to,  +  Bret,  tack, 
nail  i  Byiu  see  add;  unitb.    at-tacb'a-bl(e',  a. 

at"ta"elie',  1  o"to" -In"';  2  a"ta "'.he',  n.  [F.]  A  subordinate 
member  of  a  diplomatic  emba 

at-tach'ment,  1  a-tadh'ment  or  -mant;  2  a-tiicli'ment,  n. 
1.  An  attaching  or  a  being  attached;  adherence;  affec- 
tion. 'I.  Thai  by  which,  or  the  point,  at  which,  anything 
is  attached  ;  a  bond ;  band  ;  tie.  J.  An  appendage  or  ad- 
junct.   1.  Law    \  I'gal  seizure  of  a  person  or  property. 

Synj  adherence,  adhesion,  alf eel  ion.  devotion,  esteem,  esti- 
mation, friendship,  Inclination,  love,  regard,  tenderness, 
union.  An  attachment  Is  a  feeling  that  binds  a  person  by  ties 
of  heart  to  another  person  or  thing;  we  speak  of  a  man's  ad- 
herence to  his  purpose,  his  adhesion  to  his  party,  or  to  any- 
thing to  which  he  clings  tenaciously,  tho  with  no  special 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  o«t;    ell;    10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    n  =  sing;    thin,   this.  athlrst 

63        2: wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.       attitude 


tenderness;  of  his  attachment  to  his  church,  to  the  old  home- 
stead, or  to  any  persons  or  objects  that  he  may  hold  dear. 
Affection  expresses  more  warmth  of  feeling;  we  should  not 
speak  of  a  mother's  attachment  to  her  babe,  but  of  her  affec- 
tion, love,  devotion.  Inclination  expresses  simply  a  tendency, 
which  may  be  good  or  bad,  yielded  to  or  overcome;  as,  an 
Inclination  to  study;  an  inclination  to  drink.  Regard  is  more 
distant  than  affection  or  attachment,  but  closer  and  warmer 
than  esteem;  we  speak  of  high  esteem,  kind  regard.  Compare. 
acquaintance;  appendage;  friendship;  love;  union. — 
Ant.:  alienation,  animosity,  antipathy,  aversion,  coolness, 
dislike,  distance,  divorce,  enmity,  estrangement,  indiffer- 
ence, opposition,  repugnance,  separation,  severance.  —  Prep.: 
Attachment  of  a  true  man  to  his  friends;  attachment  to  a 
leader  for  his  nobility  of  character;  attachment  between  two 
persons  or  things;  attachment  by  muscular  fibers,  by  a  rope, 
etc. 
at- tack',  1  a-tak';  2  a-tak',  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  set  upon;  begin 
battle  or  conflict  with.  2.  To  assail  with  speech,  etc.; 
criticize;  censure.  3.  To  begin  work  on;  set  about.  4. 
To  begin  to  affect  seriously  or  injuriously;  seize;  as,  acid 
attacks  metal;  disease  attacks  a  person.  II.  i.  To  make 
an  onset  or  assault.  [  <F.  attaquer,  for  attacher,  attach.] 
Syn.:  assail,  assault,  beleaguer,  beset,  besiege,  charge, 
combat,  encounter,  fall  upon,  invade,  set  upon.  To  attack  is 
to  begin  hostilities  of  any  kind.  Assail  and  assault,  tho 
of  the  same  original  etymology,  have  diverged  in  meaning, 
so  that  assault  alone  retains  the  meaning  of  direct  personal 
violence.  One  may  assail  another  with  reproaches;  he  as- 
saults him  with  a  blow,  a  brandished  weapon,  etc.  To  en- 
counter 1s  to  meet  face  to  face,  and  may  be  said  either  of  the 
attacking  or  of  the  resisting  force  or  person,  or  of  both. — Ant.: 
aid,  befriend,  cover,  defend,  protect,  resist,  shelter,  shield, 
support,  sustain,  uphold,  withstand. 
at- tack',  n.  1.  The  act  of  attacking;  an  onset.  2.  The 
first  movement  toward  any  undertaking;  the  offensive 
part  in  any  contest.  3.  An  attacking  force.  4.  A  sei- 
zure, as  by  disease. 

Syn.:  aggression,  assault,  encroachment,  incursion,  in- 
fringement, intrusion,  invasion,  onset,  onslaught,  trespass. 
An  attack  may  be  by  word;  an  aggression  is  always  by  deed. 
An  assault  may  be  upon  the  person,  an  aggression  is  upon 
rights,  possessions,  etc.  An  invasion  of  a  nation's  territories 
is  an  act  of  aggression;  an  intrusion  upon  a  neighboring  estate 
is  a  trespass.  Onslaught  signifies  intensely  violent  assault,  as 
by  an  army  or  a  desperado,  tho  it  is  sometimes  used  of  vio- 
lent speech.  See  aggression. — Ant.:  defense,  repulsion,  re- 
sistance, retreat,  submission,  surrender. — Prep.:  on  or  upon. 
at'ta-ghant,  n.    Same  as  yataghan. 

at- tain',  1  a-ten':  2  a-tan',  v.  I.  t.  To  arrive  at  (a  de- 
sired object);  acquire;  achieve;  reach.  II.  i.  To  arrive 
or  reach  with  effort:  with  to.  [  <  L.F  ad,  to,  +  tango, 
touch.] 

Syn.:  accomplish,  achieve,  acquire,  arrive  at,  compass, 
earn,  gain,  get,  grasp,  master,  obtain,  procure,  reach,  secure, 
win.  A  man  may  obtain  a  situation  by  favor;  he  procures  a 
dinner  by  paying  for  it.  Attain  is  a  lofty  word,  pointing  to 
some  high  or  desirable  result;  a  man  attains  the  mountain 
summit,  he  attains  honor  or  learning  as  the  result  of  strenu- 
ous and  earnest  labor.  Even  if  he  is  said  to  attain  or  attain 
to  old  age,  that  is  thought  of  a  result  desired;  we  should  not 
speak  of  his  attaining  his  dotage.  What  one  achieves  is  in 
Itself  great  and  splendid;  as,  the  Greeks  at  Marathon  achieved 
a  glorious  victory.  Compare  gain;  get;  succeed.  —  Ant.: 
abandon,  fail,  forfeit,  give  up,  let  go,  lose,  miss.  —  Prep.:  to 
(or  unto). 
at-tain'der,  1  a-ten'dar;  2  a-tan'der,  n.  1.  Eng.  Law. 
A  sentence  of  confiscation  and  outlawry  against  a  per- 
son, as  for  treason.  2||.  Dishonor;  stain. — bill  of  at- 
tainder (Eng.  Law.),  an  act  of  Parliament  pronouncing  sen- 
tence of  death  against  an  accused  person,  with  consequent 
extinction  of  civil  rights. 
at-tain 'merit,  1  a-ten'ment  or  -mant;  2  a-tan'ment,  n. 
The  act  of  attaining;  that  which  is  attained;  an  acquisi- 
tion; achievement. 

Syn.:  accomplishment,  acquirement,  acquisition.  These 
words  are  each  oftenest  used  in  I  lie  plural.  Accomplishments 
are  showy,  graceful,  pleasing;  acquirements  are  substantial 
and  useful;  attainments  are  lofty  and  ennobling.  Acquisi- 
tions, unless  otherwise  expressly  stated,  are  understood  to  be 
Of  money  or  property.  Compare  wisdom. 
at-talnt',1  a-tent';2  a-tant'.  V.  vt.  To  disgrace;  inflict 
attainder  upon;  condemn.  2.  To  touch  or  affect;  seize 
upon,  as  disease.  3|[.  To  accuse:  with  of.  4f.  To  touch; 
hit,  as  in  tilting;  attain.  II.  n.  1.  Imputation;  stigma. 
2.  Attainder.  '■',  .  A  hit,  as  in  tilting.  [<  OF.  ateinl, 
ult.  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  tango,  touch.] 
at'tar,  1  at'ar;  2  afar,  n.  The  fragrant  essential  oil  ex- 
tracted from  roscpetals:  commonly  called  attar  or  otto 
of  roses;  also,  any  sweet  Qower*extract.  [<  Per-  'alar, 
<  Ar-  '#»",  <  'atara,  breathe  perfume.) 


at'task't,  vt.    To  blame  or  call  to  account. 

at'tef.    At;  also,  at  the:  a  contraction,    at 'tent. 

at-tem'per,  1  a-tem'par;  2  a-tem'per,  vt.  To  modify  by 
mixture;  soften;  moderate;  temper. 

at-tempt',  1  a-tempt';  2  a-tempt'.  Id.  vt.  To  make  an 
effort  to  do;  make  an  effort  against,  as  to  conquer  or 
seduce;  endeavor;  try;  essay.  Syn.:  see  endeavor.  II. 
n .  A  putting  forth  of  effort ;  a  trial ;  endeavor ;  essay ;  at- 
tack. [  <  L.f  ad,  to,  +  tento,  try.]  Syn.:  see  endeavor  — 
at-tempt'a-bl(eP,  a.— at-tempt"a-bil'i-ty,  n. 

at-tend ,d,  1  a-tend';  2  a-tend',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  wait  upon; 
minister  to;  visit  or  care  for  professionally.  2.  To  be 
present  at  or  in  (a  meeting,  etc.).  3.  To  follow,  as  a  re- 
sult; accompany.  4||.  To  take  care  or  charge  of;  look 
after.  II.  i.  1.  To  give  heed;  listen;  give  attendance, 
care,  or  thought:  with  to.  2.  To  be  an  attendant;  be 
present:  with  at,  on,  or  upon.  3.  To  follow,  as  a  result: 
with  on  or  upon.  [  <  L.  attendo,  <  ad,  to,  +  tendo, 
stretch.]    Syn.:  see  follow;  listen;  serve. 

— at-ten 'dance,  n.  An  attending;  those  who  attend;  an 
audience  or  congregation;  a  retinue. — at-ten'dant.  I.  a. 
Following  or  accompanying;  consequent;  waiting  upon.  II. 
n.  1.  One  who  attends,  as  a  servant,  retainer,  companion,  or 
suitor;  also,  one  who  is  present  (at  a  service).  2.  An  accom- 
paniment; consequent;  concomitant.    Syn.:  see  accessory. 

at-tent',  1  a-tent';  2  a -tent',  a.  Eagerly  attentive;  in- 
tent. 

at-ten'tion,  1  a-ten'slian;  2  a-ten'shon,  n.  1.  Close  or 
earnest  attending;  active  consciousness;  the  power  or 
faculty  of  mental  concentration.  2.  An  act  of  courtesy 
or  gallantry.  3.  Practical  consideration;  care.  4.  The 
soldierly  posture  of  readiness;  also,  the  order  to  assume 
it.    [<  L.  attendo;  see  attend.]    Syn.:  see  care;  industry. 

at-ten  ^tlv(es,  1  a-ten'tiv;  2  a-ten'tiv,  a.     Of,  pertaining 
to,  giving,   or  showing  attention;   observant;  intent; 
thoughtful;  courteous;  gallant;  polite. 
Syn.:  see  obsequious;  thoughtful. 
— at-ten 'tlv(e-lyB,  adv.— at-ten'tlv(e-nesss,  n. 

at-ten 'u-ate,  1  a-ten'yu-et;  2  a-ten'yu-at,  v.  [-AT"EDd; 
-at"ing.]  I.t.  1.  To  make  thin,  small,  or  fine;  draw  out, 
as  a  wire ;  emaciate.  2.  To  reduce  in  force, value,  strength, 
etc.;  weaken;  impair;  enfeeble.  II.  i.  To  become  thin; 
lose  substance  or  force.  [  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  tenuis,  thin.]  — 
at-ten'u-ant.  I.  a.  Making  thin;  diluting.  II.  n.  A  medi- 
cine that  dilutes  the  fluids  or  thins  the  blood. — at-ten"u-a'- 

t  loll,  n 

at-ten  'u-ate,  1  a-ten'yu-et ;  2  a-ten'yu-at,  a.  Made  thin ; 
slender;  thin;  rarefied;  diluted;  in  botany,  tapering. 

at-test'd,  1  a-test';  2  a-tSst',  v.  I.t.  1.  To  certify  as  ac- 
curate, genuine,  or  true,  as  by  signature  or  oath;  con- 
firm; vouch  for.  2 1| .  To  put  upon  oath;  invoke.  II.  i. 
To  certify.    [  <  L.  ad,  to,  4-  testis,  witness.] 

at-test',  n.  One  who  or  that  which  attests;  testimony ;  at- 
testation. 

atf'tes-ta'tion,  1  af'es-te'sTian;  2  af'es-ta'shon,  n.  The 
act  of  attesting;  the  evidence  or  statement  made  in  at- 
testing.   Syn.:  see  proof;  testimony. 

At'tic,  1  at'ik;  2  at'ie,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  Attica  or 
Athens  in  Greece;  classic;  witty.  [<  L.  Atticus,  <  Gr. 
Atlikos,  <  Atlike,  Attica.]— Attic  salt,  refined,  classical  wit. 

at'tic,  n.  A  half=story  next  the  roof;  a  garret;  also,  a  low 
story  above  a  cornice  or  entablature.  [  <  Attic,  a.;  on 
the  false  supposition  that  the  attic  was  of  Athenian  origin.] 

At'tl-ca,  1  at'l-ka;  2  ilt'i-ca,  n.  An  ancient  kingdom  and  re- 
public, and  modern  province  or  nome,  in  Greece;  pop.  341,- 
000;  capital,  Athens. 

At'tl-clsm,  1  at'i-slzm;  2  at'1-clsm,  n.  1.  An  Attic  idiom  or 
characteristic;  pure  Greek;  clear,  concise,  elegant  expression. 
2.  A  siding  with  the  Athenians. 

At'ti-la,  1  at'i-la;  2  at'i-la,  n.  King  of  the  Huns  (4067-453), 
a  barbarous  conqueror;  "the  scourge  of  God;"  invaded  tlia 
Roman  empire  and  threatened  Rome. 

at-tire',  1  a-tair';  2  ii-tlr'.  I.  vt.  [at-tired';  at-tik'inc] 
1.  To  dress;  array;  adorn.  2t.  To  equip.  II.  n.  1. 
Dress  or  clothing;  apparel;  garments;  costume;  adorn- 
ment. 2.  Her.  &  Hunt.  Antlers  or  horns,  as  ot  a  Btag. 
3||.  But.  The  inner  parts  of  a  flower.  [<  OF.  atirer, 
adorn.)    Syn.:  see  dress, 

at'ti-tude,  1  at'i-tiud;  2  at'i-tfld,  n.  1.  Position  of  the 
body,  ms  suggesting  some  thought,  feeling,  or  act  ion.  2. 
State  of  mind,  behavior,  or  conduct  regarding  some  mat- 
ter, as  indicating  opinion  or  purpose.    [F.] 

Syn.:  pose,  position,  posture.  A  posture  Is  assumed  with- 
out any  special  reference  to  expression  of  reeling:  altitude  Is 
the  position  appropriate  to  the  expression  Of  some  feeling, 
whether  consciously  or  UDOOnsOlOUSly  assumed.  A  pose  Is  a 
position  studied  for  artistic  effect  or  considered  with  refer- 
ence to  such  effect;  the  unconscious  posture  of  a  spectator  <>r 
listener  may  be  an  admirable  pose  from  an  artist's  stand- 
point.—at"tl-tu'dl-nal,  a.     Of  or  relating  to  attitude.^ 


.11 1. ill, -III 

.UhHTI' 


la  u  i        >  I  i         .1  A,   not,  ftr;   full,  rOle;   lull,  hOrn; 

,       I         i  i     .i  ,    .,      prey,  fSro:  hi     loo;  I  i  K6.nAt.Ar.w4n,        N 


ii   ,11-nll.  .  '    •  cfTe.'t 

»|-ll-lll     ,11-1, I-. 

U-I..I    I,  111.  I 

II  .tt-tol  - 

lift  | 

■  11-411 

mi-'.  ;•/  ] 
| 
K,'  an. I  defend  notion*  in 

,  l  -  I  ur    ii.   v  b]      .11  (ornr),     |i\ 

poai  r    ..I    .,  .  |l  ftorlt)    to   I 


at-tra,  i 


»l-l,«r  'iii-)-x||Iii.  •. 

I 


I.  I 

•    without  apparent 

'.'.   1  ',,  draw  nt  i  by 

i;  nlluro;  entice;  win     8f. 

II.         i  •  attrac- 

!  ■    traho,  draw  1 

»t-cr.n  i  a-bJv  ■  susceptible  to  attrao- 

al-lrart"a-biri-l> .  at-tract  a-hl  e-ness',  .,i- 

ir»n  .  r.  -  that  which  attracts,     at-trac'- 

at-trar  Illc.     I        Having    i>< >\\ «r    to    aura.  .,i- 

ir,c   n, >ii.  ,  -  ;■•  ..t  attracting,  or  that 

which  attr.  re   power  ,,r   property;   anything 

alluring.      Sill:    SBC    INCLINATION      I  ■  '.  al- 

im.   ii,  •    .  the  power  or  quality  of  attracting; 

draw  :i :  s<t-  miiable;  beautiful; 

a(-trar'th   ,-l,    .  ii-ir.,,    il\   ,-u, --    . 

ai  ir.i-li,  ni .  i     t'ra-hfint.  I.  a.  Drawing  to 

ting;  in  anatomy,  drawing  :i  part  For- 

II.  I.    '••'    I    An  external  application  that 

draw  in  the  place  where  it  is  appli  .'• 

■  it  acts  by  drawing  forward,    at'tra- 

1 1 » •  I » -    •  ■     . '       -■  I    \  ITKACT.] 

atirit,..  \ ■■-        Ive  attributively. 

al-lril,  ulf.  1  a-trib'yut;  2  a-trlb'yut,  r(.     [-UT-EDd; -DT- 

.•  due  and  belonging, 

. :  refer;  with  to,    1  <  L.  ad, 

•thuo.  allot. 1 

Syn_"  ascribe,  assign,  associate.  Charge,  connect.  Impute, 

w  >■  may  attrtlt  iu  to  a  person  either  that  which  belongs 

to  him  or  t !. 

attribute  a,  result,  rightly  or  wrongly,  to  a  certain  cause;  In 
such  case.  !  a  concession  of 

uncertainty  or  possible  error.     Where  we  are  quite  sure,  we 
simply  rtfer  a  matter  to  the  cause  or  class  to  which  It  belongs 
or  atcrlbe  to  one  what  Is  surely  his,  etc.     Many  diseases  for- 
merly attributed  to  witch  A  to  the  action 
of  micro-organisms.    Vi e  associate  things  which  may  have  no 
necessary  or  causa.  striking 
of  a  clock  wlih  the  serving  of  dinner.     We  charm  a  person 
with  what  we  deem  blameworthy      \\  ••  may  Impute  good  or 
evil,  but  more  commonly  evil— Ant.:  deny,  disconnect,  dis- 
social                                 under.  —  Prep.:  to  (archaic  unto). 
at-trlb'u-ta-hl  . 
at  trl-butf,  1  afn-biut;  2  at'ri-but,  n.    1.  That  which  is 
attributed;  a  characteristic.    2.  Art  it  Myth.  A  distinc- 
.   or  symbol.     3.  Gram.  An  adjective  or  its 

Sin  quality.     A  quality  (I.,  quails,  such)  de- 

,  thing  really  Ls  In  some  one  respect;  an  attribute 

»»'!  .  be  in  some  one  respect;  thus, 

r,  quality  musi  omethlng  of  the 

real  l  I;  we  speak  of  the 

attri '  Hi  ■     of  mailer.      A   OTOJ 

•  ipectally  to  one  thing 
as  It-  action  from  all  other 

>f  the  qvaHtlt  i  or  thi 

mat'-  i  he  more  Urn- 

of  i  be  word  jrropt  -'  /,  It  be- 

■  is  with  quality      compare  i  har- 

Ant.:  being,  essence,  nature, 

sub-- 

af'trl-bu'tlon,  1  at'n-biQ'snen;  2  afri-bu'shon,  n.   An 

ir  that  whii 
at-trlh'll-lh    I     .  v;   2   a-trlb'yij-tfv.      I.   a. 

if  an  attribul 
or  assigning  an  a'  to  a  certain  author), 

as  a  work  of  art     II.  ttributive  word ; an 

.  livalent     -\y,'i'h     -ne- 
at-trite', 1  a-tralt':  2  a-trlt'.  a     1.  Worn  down  by  rubbing  or 
laving  attrition.    [<  L .  attritus,  pp. 
rub  I    at-trlt  v<l:. 
at-trl'tlon,  1  a^tri  b'an;2  l-trfsh'on,  n.    1.  A  rubbing  out 
i  ndingdown 

rub.)   Synj  see  kri 
at-tune',  1  a-tiun';2  a-tun',  t!.    [at-tinf.d';  at-tcs'imj  ] 
with;  harmonize;  adjust. 
Sjm„-  see  adapt. 


in  . 


In  n  l\\  Ir!;  tw  Irllllg. 

Morning  tnusli     the 


at.  »!..    ■'  ■■        M.milc  weight 

llu-  .   .    i     gold). 

,-i  „  i,l  .  i 

,u    i.  ,.l.    .  ■  ,.'l..,.r.  n      [!•' 

inn  It 

lu'iin  Daniel  Francois 

iprra-composer;  Fra  Dial 
.in  burn,  1  ,.l.. .iii.  2  al'iiin      I.  n      Reddiah*brown ;  aa, 
•in/.!.      I  II.         In  auburn  color;  a  reddish>brown, 

I  •    it.  or  albumut,  whitish  ' 
\   \    C.abbr    |i. |    Anno  Urblt  Conditm,  or  AtVrbt  Condita 
iin  the  Mar  nt  the  building  of  the  city  [Rome]  or  from  the 
[instruction) 
luck  land,  i  ak'lend;  2  ak'land,  »     I.  Baron    in  I    1814), 

William  l.deti.  an  English  diplomat;  Commissi r  tO  ireal 

Willi   the   American  COlOnlStS   In    177s       •.'.    A   ell  v    In    North 

Island,  New  Zealand:  i>"i>  1 18.000. 

an,   lion.  i  •  'shon     I.  vt     To  ■  U  by  or  at 

auction,    II.  n.    A  publio  sale  of  property  to  thi  I 
bidder.     |<  L.  aucfio(n-),   <  auoeo,  increase.]     aur"- 
ti,,ii-eer '.    i  Po     U  by  auction     u.n,    One  who  sells 

by  or  at  auction. 

au-da  Ylnus,  i  B-de/ahus;  2  j-dfl/shus,  a      Defiant   of 
ordinary  restraints,  as  of  law  oi  decorum;  bold;  pre- 
sumptuous; shameless;  insolent.    [<  L.  audax  (pudae-), 
uleo,  dare  I  »lj .  -ness,  n, 

ati-<lac'l-ty,  1  5-daa'i-ti;  2  g-d&c'i-ty,  n.  [-tiks'-,  pi.]  The 
being  audacious;  impudence;  boldness;  ilarin^;  hold 
originality;  recklessness    s.vn.:  see  utrontert:  n  mbeitt. 

au'dl-hl!i>r,  1  e'di-bl:  2  ft'di-bl,  a,     Perceptible  by  the 

1  mil  enough  to  be  heard.     [  <    I.  ' •'■  awlm,  hear  ] 
au"<ll-bll'l-ty,  r».    au'dl-blu'-ncssi':.     au'dl-bly,  adv. 
au'dl-t'nce,  1  a'di-ens;  2  ft'di-Snp,  n.    1.  An  assembly  of 
hearers,    'i.  The  act  of  hearing;  attention.    8.  V.  formal 
hearing,  interview,  or  conference,    [<  L.  oudtenfia,  < 

iiudin.  hear  ]      aii'dl-ent,  /      Listening;  hearing. 
au"dl-oni'e-ter,  1  B'dl-em'l-tsr;  2  a'dl-6m'e-ter,  ».     An  In- 
strument to  gage  and  record  the  acuteneas  of  hearing.    [< 

I.,  niuttn.  hear.  +  (Ir,  initmn.  measure  ]      au"dl-o-lliet  'rle, 

a. — au"dl-om'e-try,  n.    The  teatlng  ol  hearing, 
au'dl-plione,  1  iVdi-fOn;  2  a'dl-fOn,  »      v  device  Tor  directing 

sound  through  the  teeth,  etc    to  the  auditory  nerve.    [<  L. 

audio,  hear,   r  Or.  pMni,  sound.] 
au'dlt,  1  e'dit;  2  a'dit.    I'1,  vt.    To  examine,  adjust,  and 

certify,  as  nccouuta.    II.  ».    1.  An  official  examination 

and  verification  of  accounts.    2.  A  calling  to  account. 

S.  A  settlement  of  accounts.    4.  A  balance-sheet.    5||.  A 

hearing.     [<  L,  auditus,  <  audio,  hear.] 
ati-,11  tloii,  1  o-dlsTi'an;  2  !*-dIsh'on,  n.    The  act  or  sense  of 

hearing  [ffre  nerve. 

au'dl-tlvfcs,  1  B'dl-tlv;  2  a'dl-tlv,  a.    Auditory;  as,  the  audi- 
au'di-tor,  1  e'di-ter  or  -tor;  2  a'di-tor,  n.    1.  One  who 

audits  accounts.     2.  One  who  listens;  a  hearer.  —  all '(II- 

tor-slilp,  n.    The  oltlee.  or  term  of  Office,  of  an  auditor. 

au"di-to'rl-um,  1  S*di-t6'n-trm;  2  a"di-t"i'ii-um,  n.  [-ri- 

UMS  or  -Itt-A,  /)/.]     1.  Tin-  part  of  a  public  building,  as  a 

church,  theater,  etc.,  occupied  by  the  audience.     2. 

[U.  B.l  A  large  building  for  public  meetings.     [L.,    < 
audio,  hear.] 
au'di-to-ry,  1  5'dl-tO-n;  2  a'di-to-ry.    I.  a.  Of  or  pertain- 
ing to  hearing,  to  the  organs  or  sense  of  hearing,  or  to 

an  audienccroom.    II.  »    [-btjeb*,  pi.]    1.  An  assembly 

of  hearers;  an  audience.    2.  An  auditorium. 
Au'dii-bon,   1   o'llu-tmn;  2  a'du-b6n,  John  James   (1780- 

1851).    An  American  ornithologist .  [mentattve. 

Aug.,  abbr     August,  Augustan,  Augustus.—  aug.,  abhr.  Aug- 
Au-K<-'"'in,  1  o-JI'an;  2  a-gC'an.  a.      1.  01 

or  pertaining  to  Augeaa,  king  of  EUs. 

'£.  Like  the  stables  of  Augeas;  lillhy: 
corrupt  Augean  stables,  the  stables 
of  Augeas,  containing 3,000 oxen.  They 
had  not  been  cleaned  for  30  years  when 
Herculi  -   cli  an  led  them   In  a  daj    by 

turn  lug  I  he  river  Alpheus  through  them. 

au'ger,  1  e'gar;  2  ager, ',.  1.  A  large 
tool  for  boring  holes  in  wood,  etc.  2. 
An  earth'bonng  tooL  I  <  \S   - 

the  Ml:,  a  nnugrr  h,  tf/rr.] 

aught,  1  oi ; :.'  ai.  Imp.  St  pp.  [Scot.]  <  >wed. 

aught',  n  Anything;  any  pari  or  item. 
[<  as.  rii/iht,  <  an  "i>ii  see  \xt,  whit 

aught2,  n.  [Scot.)  Property;  possession. 
[<   AS.  £hl,   <  aoan,ov.Tt.\ 

aug-ment'1,  leg-ment';  2  ag-mfint', 

,i.  .V    ■      To  increase  in  any  way;  en-  Augers. 

intensify.     (  <  L.  auf/menfum,  ,  TwI,ted    2.  Post-hoi.. 
<  mi'iin.  increase  ]    Syn.:  see  Abu;  am-  a.  ship. 

I'l.nv;    [NCRI 

— aug-menfa-blfe1',  a—  aug"men-ta'tlon,  n.  The 
act  or  r<*ult  of  augmenting:  enlargement:  Increase;  an  addi- 
tion, gyn^;  see  accession;  is<hk\»k.  —  aug-men'ta-tli  e», 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    iu  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    Q^sing;    fhin,    this,      attollent 
Q5        2:wglf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.         austere 


a.    Having  the  Quality  or  power  of  augmenting,    aug-men'- 
tiv(esi. 

aim  men  I,  1  eg'ment;  2  ag'ment,  n.  1.  Gram.  A  vowel  or  syl- 
lable prefixed  to  a  verb,  or  a  lengthening  of  the  initial  vowel, 
to  mark  past  time.  2||.  Increase;  enlargement.  [<L.  aug- 
mentum,  <  augco,  increase.] 

Augs'burg,  1  augz'burH;2ougs.'burH,  rc.  A  historic  city  (pop. 
102,000)  in  S.  Germany. 

au'gur,  1  e'ger;  2a'gur,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  prognosticate  from 
or  as  from  signs  and  omens;  divine;  predict.  2.  To  be- 
token; portend.  II.  i.  1.  To  be  an  augury  or  omen.  2. 
To  conjecture  from  indications  or  omens. 

Syn.:  betoken,  bode,  divine,  forebode,  forecast,  foretell, 
foretoken,  portend,  predict,  presage,  prognosticate,  proph- 
esy. Persons  only  divine,  forecast,  foretell,  predict,  or  proph- 
esy; things  only  betoken,  foretoken,  or  portend;  either  persons 
or  things  augur,  bode,  forebode,  presage,  or  prognosticate.  As 
regards  the  outcome,  bode,  forebode,  and  portend  always  refer 
to  evil  or  misfortune;  the  other  words  are  neutral,  applying 
equally  to  good  or  ill.  Augur  and  divine  have  primary  refer- 
ence to  the  ancient  soothsayers'  arts,  and  still  carry  some- 
thing of  mystical  suggestion.  One  may  a  ugur  or  divine  from 
indications  too  slight  to  be  explained;  to  forecast  always  de- 
notes calculation;  thus  we  have  an  official  daily  "forecast" 
of  the  weather.  See  prophesy. — Ant.:  assure,  demonstrate, 
determine,  establish,  insure,  make  sure,  prove,  warrant. — 
Prep.:  to  augur  from,  circumstances  or  indications;  to  augur 
(well  or  ill)  of  or  for  the  enterprise. 

au'gur,  n.  1.  Rom.  Hist.  A  religious  official  whose  duty 
it  was  to  foretell  future  events  by  interpreting  omens, 
and  to  give  advice  on  public  affairs  accordingly.  2. 
Hence,  a  soothsayer;  prophet.  [L.,  <  avis,  bird,  +  gar- 
rio,  talk.]  au'gur-ert;  au'gur-istt. — au'gu-ral,  a.  Per- 
taining to  augurs  or  auguries;  indicative  of  the  future,  au- 
gu'ri-alt. 

au'gu-ry,  1  S'giu-n;  2  a'gu-ry,  n.  [-eiesz,  pi.]  1.  The  art 
or  practise'of  foretelling  by  signs  or  omens;  divination. 
2.  A  portent  or  omen;  prediction;  presage. 

au-gust',  1  e-gust';  2  a-gtist',  a.   1.  Majestic;  grand;  im- 
posing.    2.  Of  high  birth  or  rank;  venerable;  eminent. 
[  <  L.  augustus,  <  augeo,  increase.] 
Syn.:  see  awful;  grand;  kingly. 
— au-gust'Iy,  adv. — au-gust'ness,  n. 

Au'gust,  1  S'gust;  2  a'gust,  n.  The  eighth  month  of  the 
year,  containing  31  days.  [  <  L.  Augustus,  the  first 
Roman  emperor.] 

Au-gus'ta,  1  e-gus'ta;  2  a-gus'ta,  n.  1.  A  city  in  E.  Georgia; 
pop.  47,000.  2.  A  city,  capital  of  Maine;  pop.  13,200. 

Au'gus-tine,  1  e'gus-tin;  2  a'gfis-tin,  n.  1.  Saint  (354-430), 
bishop  of  Hippo,  Africa;  a  Father  of  the  Church.  2.  Saint 
(  -604?),  brought  Christianity  to  England. — Au"gus-tln'- 
l-an,  le"gus-tin'i-an;2a"gus-tin'i-an.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining 
to  St.  Augustine,  his  doctrines,  or  the  orders  called  after  him. 
Au'gus-tinf;  Aus'tinf.  II.  n.  A  disciple  of  St.  Augustine, 
or  a  member  of  any  of  the  orders  of  monks  and  nuns  named 
after  him.  Au'gus-tinJ;  Au-gus'tine]:. 

Au-gus'tusCa'sar,  1  e-gus'tussI'zor;2a-gus'tusce's.ar.  The 
first  Roman  emperor  (63  B.  C.-A.  D.  14).— Au-gus'tan,  a. 

auk,  1  ok;  2  ak,  n.     A  short=winged,  web=footed  diving 
bird  of  northern   seas. 
[<    Ice.   alka.]— auk'- 
let,     n.      One     of    the 
smaller  auks. 

auld,  1  eld;  2  aid,  a.  [Scot.  & 
North.  Eng.]  Old.— auld  hmg 
syne,  days  gone  by,  especially 
happy  days.— A.  Reekie,  old 
Smoky:  a  sobriquet  of  Edin- 
burgh. 

au'llr,  1  e'hk;  2  a'lic,  a.  Per- 
taining to  a  royal  court.  [  <  C  ir. 
auli,  hall.]  — Aulic  Council  (ff. 
Hist.),  the  emperor's  privy 
council:  now  the  Austrian 
Council  of  State. 

aunt,  1  ant;  2  ant,  n.  1.  The 
sister  of  one's  father  or 
mother,  or  the  wife  of  one's 
uncle.  2.  An  elderly  woman; 
familiar  or  affectionate.  3f.  A  prostitute.  [<  L.oramita, 
aunt.] 

aunt'y,  1  nnt'i;  2  ant'y,  «■  !•  An  aunt;  an  elderly  woman, 
2.  [Southern  U.  S.]  An  old  negro  woman,   Hlllil  'iej. 

au'ra,  1  6'ro;  2  a'ra,  n.  1.  A  supposed  subtle  emanation 
from  any  body.  2.  A  sensation,  as  of  a  Light  vapor  rising 
toward  the  head.  3.  A  gentle  breeze.  [L.,  <  Gr.  aura,  < 
aimi,  blow.] 

au'ral,  16'r<jl;2a'ral,a.     Pertaining  to  the  ear  or  the  sense 

of  hearing;  auricular.  [<L.ourw,(  u  I 
au'rate',  1  B'rSt;  2  a'rat,  a.    Having  curs  or  ear-like  expan- 
sions. [<  L.  auris.  ear.)  au'rat-cd  ;. 


Great  Auk. 


au'rate2^,  a.  Like  gold;  gilded.  [<  L.  auratus,  pp.  of 
auro,  cover  with  gold,  <  aurum,  gold.]  au'rat-ed2}:. 

au 're-ate,  1  e'n-et;  2  a're-at,  a.  Of  the  color  of  gold; 
golden.   [L.  auratus,  covered  with  gold.] 

Au-re'li-an,  1  e-ri'h-an;  2  a-re'li-an,  Valerius  (or  Lucius) 
Domitius  (212?-275).  A  Roman  emperor;  conquered  Ze- 
nobia,  queen  of  Palmyra;  assassinated. 

au-rc'o-la,  1  o-rt'o-la;  2  a-re'o-la,  n.  1.  (1)  In  Christian  art,  a 
radiance  enveloping  the  whole  figure  of  Christ  or  any  sancti- 
fied being.  (2)  The  circlet  of  light  or  glory  surrounding  the 
head  of  any  sanctified  being;  a  glory;  halo;  aureole.  2.  A 
radiance,  or  something  resembling  or  likened  to  it.  3.  Anal. 
A  ring  of  color;  an  areola.  [L.,  f.  of  aureolus,  <  aurum,  gold.] 

au're-ole,  1  6'ri-ol;  2  a're-ol,  n.  1.  (1)  Astron.  The  corona 
of  the  sun.  (2)  A  halo  surrounding  the  image  of  a  bril- 
liant body  as  seen  in  a  telescope.  2.  Any  radiance 
around  a  body,  as  around  the  head  of  a  saint. 

au're-ous,  1  e'n-us;  2  a're-us,  a.  Of  the  color  of  gold;  golden. 

au'ric,  1  e'nk;  2  a'ric,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  containing  gold, 
especially  when  combined  in  its  highest  or  triad  valency. 

au'ri-d(ep,  1  e'ri-kl;  2  a'ri-el,  n.  1.  A  chamber  of  the 
heart,  which  receives  blood  from  the  veins  and  trans- 
mits it  to  a  ventricle.  2.  The  external  ear;  an  ear=shaped 
appendage  or  part.  [  <  L.  auricula,  dim.  of  auris,  ear.] 

au-ric'u-la,  1  e-rik'yu-la;2a-ric'yu-la.  n.  [-l.e,  1  -II;  2 -16,  pi] 
1.  A  primrose  from  the  Alps.  bear's'=ear"t.  2.AsmalIear« 
shaped  appendage.  [L.;  see  auricle.] 

au-ric'u-lar,  1  o-rik'yu-lar;  2  a-rie'yu-lar,  a.  1.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  the  ear  or  the  sense  of  hearing;  intended  for  or 
perceived  by  the  ear;  audible;  confidential.  2.  Ear* 
shaped.  3.  Of  or  pertaining  to  an  auricle. 

au-ric'u-latc,  1  e-rik'yu-let;  2  a-ric'yu-lat,  a.  1.  Having 
ear»shaped  appendages  or  projections;  having  rounded 
projections  at  the  base,  as  a  leaf.  2.  Like  an  ear.  au- 
rlc'u-laf'edt.— au-rlc'u-late-ly,  adv. 

au-rif'er-OUS,  1  e-rif'ar-us;  2  a-nf'er-us,  a.  Containing 
gold.  [  <  L.  aurum,  gold,  -f  fero,  bear.] — au-rif 'er- 
ous-ly,  adv. 

au'ri-form,  1  o'ri-ferm;  2  a'ri-form,  a.  Shaped  like  or  re- 
sembling an  ear;  ear=shaped.  [  <  L.  auris,  ear,  +  forma, 
form.] 

Au-rl'ga,  1  o-rai'go;  2  a-ri'ga,  n.  Astron.  A  northern  constel- 
lation, the  Charioteer  or  Wagoner.  See  CONSTELLATION.  [L., 
charioteer.] 

au'ris,  1  e'ns;  2  a'ris,  n.  [-res,  1  -riz;  2  -re§,  pi.]  Anat. 
The  ear.  [L.]— au'ri-scope,  n.  An  instrument  for 
examining  the  ear. — au-rls'co-py,  n.  Examination  of  tha 
ear  with  an  auriscope.  [ear 

au'rist,  1  a'rist;  2  a'rist,  n.   A  specialist  in  diseases  of  the 

au'rochs,  1  6'reks;  2  a'roes,  n.  The  nearly  extinct  Euro- 
pean bison.   [  <  Gr.  auerochs,  wild  oxl 

au-ro'ra,  1  e-ro'ra;  2  a-ro'ra,  n.  1.  The  Roman  goddess  of 
dawn.  2.  The  glow  of  early  morning;  dawn.  3.  The  au- 
roral display  as  seen  in  high  northern  and  southern  lati- 
tudes, au-ro'ra  po-Ia'risf.  [L.,  dawn.]— au-ro'ra 
aus-tra'lls,  1  os-tre'hs;  2  as-tra'Iis,  the  aurora  as  seen  in  far 
southern  latitudes,  southern  lights]:.— au-ro'ra  bo"re- 
a'lis,  1  bo"n-e'hs;  2  bo"re-a'lis,  a  brilliant  nocturnal  radi- 
ance often  suffusing  the  sky  of  high  northern  latitudes. 
northern  llghtst.— au-ro'ral,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  like  the 
dawn;  dawning;  roseate. 

au'rum,  1  e'rum;  2  a'rum,  n.  Chcm.  Gold.  [L.] 

Alls.,  Aust.,  Austr.,  abbr.  Austria,  Austrian. 

aus'cul-tate,  1  es'kul-tet;  2  as'cul-tat,  v.  [-tat'ed1'; 
-tat"ing.]  I.  t.  To  examine  by  auscultation.  II.  i.  To 
practise  auscultation.  [  <  L.  a-iiscultatus,  pp.  of  ausculto, 
listen.] — aus"CUl-ta'tion,  n.  1.  Med.  The  act,  art,  or  proc- 
ess of  listening  for  sounds  produced  in  the  chest,  abdomen, 
etc.,  to  determine  any  abnormal  condition.  2.  A  listening. — 
aus-cul'la-tlv(es,  a. 

aus'pi-cate,  1  6s'pi-kSt;  2  as'pi-cat,  vt.  To  Initiate  or  be- 
gin, especially  under  favorable  circumstances.  [<  L.  auspi- 
cor,  <  auspex;  see  auspice.] 

aUS'pice,  j  1   es'pis;  2  as'pic,  n.     Favoring  influence  or 

aus'pis3,  j  guidance;  patronage;  in  the  plural,  favoring 
circumstances  or  indications,    [<  L.  auspex,  a  diviner, 

<  arts,  bird,  4-  SPeCiO,  view  ,] 
aUS-pl'ClOUS,  1  os-pish'us;  g  as-pYsh'iis,  a.   (  If  rood  .mien; 

favorable  ;propi1  ious;  also,  prosperous;  fortunate;  happy. 
Syn.:  encouraging,  favorable,  fortunate,  happy,  hopeful, 
hirky,  opportune,  promising,  propitious,  prosperous,  suc- 
cessful. See  propitious.  Ant.:  baleful,  discouraging,  hope- 
less, inauspicious,  unfavorable,  unpromising,  unpropltlous. 

— aus-pl'cloiis-ly,  adv.      aiis-pi'cioiis-ni'ss,  n, 
Aiis'len,  l  Bs'ten;  :i  as'ten,  Jane  (177.1-1817).    An  English 

novelist. 
aus-lere',  1  os-tir';  2  as-ter',  n.    1.  Severe,  (.'rave,  or  stern, 

a    in  aspect,  disposition,  judgment ,  or  conduct;  strict; 

abstemious.   2.  Sour  and  astringent.   3.  Severely  simple; 
unadorned.   [  <  ( ;r.'""  austerds.   <  nuii,  dry.] 


tuitrrllti 

.11  i>.    .It  Il>tl 


i  II        a  <>t.flr;  full,  rule:  l«ot,  bum; 

i  .      .1  .  ...  ill  I  .1    i.oi.  or,  win.       66 


ilm  or 


*u-lr. 


■ 
•    mild,  pliable, 

My, 

\  tow  n  In  M 

-oilth  | 

rn;  torrid.    |  <  L. 


\  division 
ii'  neighboring  Islands 
\ ii -- r  r  1 1-.,  Man, 
I    --      .  ii-  i.  iland.eontlnent 

Com- 
m.  ■•!.».  ill  h  of  Australia,  i  of  the  Vustra- 

.  govern- 
eapltal,   Yass> 

V   i--    r  i    h-  .in. 

v  empire  (II  5.903  sip  in.; 

ipltal,  Vienna),  form- 
monarchy  of 
\u-trii  Hungary,     vu-'iri-.iu. 
Lath.,  utb.,  Authority. 

3ii-thi  ii  1 1.  .  ording 

■thy;  reliabli      .'. 
I.  ited  be- 

.  r.-nl  author.] 

;iil-l  Ii.  n    I  '-•    >l 

d,  authoritative,  authorise 
rlginal,  real,   n 
sure  i  'genuine'  work  Is  one 

:  1 1 1    authentic' 
v-  ■-,.    -..ii.   -a  •..■>.  r- ..;■.-  t  ithfu!l\   the  matters  of  which  It 

p   189       i  ■■- 
.nymous 
■  i'-ti  genuinem 
rles  ■  Ant.:  apocryphal,  b 

tlous,  false,  fictitious,  spurl- 

-.   ll-lj  .   1 1 1  - 1  lii-ii ' 1 1 , •  - 1  > .  n/tr. 
ail-Ill'  II  "  t  i  - 1    .  "i;     2     a-tle'n'ti-eat,     rt. 

I  •  ritative;  give 

ntic. — 
au-thcn"tl-ra'tliiii.  \      authenticating:   attestation: 

au"l  In  ii-  1 1<    i-t>.    :  i-ty,   7i. 

ritai ive,  or  genuine. 
aii-tli.nl  -i   il-ii.  •--    :  .iu-tliin'lii  -in- 
au'ilmr.    .  I.   An  originator;  first 

'-■  A  a  li'.'.k:  also, 

I, 
ely.     [  <   L.°*  an. 

au  'thor-ess,  n.  fern.: 
now  au-tlin'rl-al,  a. 

au-tli'.r  ',-'  i "M  ■    •    .:  -"""tiv:2  a-thor'i-ta"tiv,  a 

1 .  iper  authority;  duly 

san   '  '-'•  autliority;    positiv. 

mii.:  doom 

■  ii- r  l-i  . "i|»   i-lj-,      '!•'■       aii-tlior'l-ta"- 

tli   •  -n-     - 
ail-tlmr'i-t<.  .  i-ty,  n.     [-ti; 

1 .  ■  .re-  obedience;  the 

mtnands 
3.  The  person  or  per- 

i :  often 

I.  ippealed  to  in 

•  itative  opinion,  de- 
author.] 

atl  'ttior-i/c.  '       [-12EPJ -12*IHO.] 

I.  mpower;  commission,   'i. 

To  > 

\uiliorl/.'l    Version,  •     .,f   the 

Bible  Issued  in  1611.  uii ■:  Faznea  I.,  and 

appi 

Kins;  James  Version        iir'ih.,r-i-za'tlon, n 

.  :  of  authorizing;  legal  sanction.    SjTUseei-EKMlssiON. 


in   lh..r--lil|i.  I.     |'|„- 

,  quality,  or  funotion  of  an  autl  .'■  ■      dnation 

utw 

\ill  ll     \  .  r    .    \     \     .  \ 

hi  i...  [i  'oii.i.i  i    i.  ii     i ..  ride  in  :in  automo- 

bile    ii  lutomoblle 

an  'in-.  Prom  I  t»lf :  a  oombln- 

•  i-  notion  of,  from,  wit  Inn,  I  .v.  or  upon 
an    tO-bl-Of   r.i-pli\.    ! 

i  -'.  r-  I  TI  mi      Life  w ■  itten  by 

himself      I  •     I  lr  i ii  vein   | 

in    Im-IiI-mu  'r.i-phcr,    n        au'lo- 

id  M-nriph  ir.  -i-r.ii,   i     i  if.  pertaining  to,  or  like  auto- 

iu'  lo-hl"o-grapli  'l-ral-li  . 
ail   to-lio.il.  .in    lii-tiii>.  .in    t.i-iar.  \  boal     m  •■iiini- 

i  car  propelled  by  motor  1 1 
iii-im.  h  Hi. iii.  i  e-tek'Chan;  2  a  toc'tnon,  n      |  mo 
-Tii.i-NKs*.  pi.)    t.  One  sprung  from  tbi  a  mem- 

ber of  a  race  claiming  origin  fr..m  the  soil  h  dwells  on;  In  i  ii>- 
plural,  aborigines]     'i-  An  indigenous  animal  or  plant     | 

•ii       au"torh-ti 'lr...   Sprung  from 

the  soil;   native;   Indigenous;   primitive;  aboriginal,     au- 
toeb'tbo-nalt;  au-toen'tbo-noust. 

an  'lu-rrai.  L  e'to-krat;  2  a/1 it,  .■■      \  rupreme  ruler 

whose  power  is  unrestricted  and  irresponsible  I  <  C!r. 
-.•if.  .  trout,  strength,  power.]  au-toe'ra-cy,  // 
■'.  pi  i  The  rule  or  authority  of  an  autocrat;  ab 
government;  controlling  influence  au"io-erat'ie,  a.  Per- 
taining to  or  like  an  autocrat  or  autocracy;  irresponsible; 
despotic  aii"tn-ira(  'l-calj.  Syn.:  see  IBSOLt  u  au"- 
to-crat  'l-cal-1) ,  add, 

au'li>-cy"<ie.  n      \  motor»oycle. 

au'ioda  fe,  i  au'to  da  rs:  2  ou'to  dS  fe.  [au'tob  i>\  rf..  i>i  ] 
'  'hutch  HUt.  Literally,  an  act  of  faith;  the  public  an- 
i  menl  and  execution  of  the  sentence  of  the  inquisition, 
with  the  attendant  ceremonies,  as  the  burning  of  berei 

the  slake  after  a  procession,  the  delivery  of  a  sermon,  etc 

au'to  <le  fej  [9p.J. 
au'to-graph,  >  l  e'to-graf;  2  a'to-graf.   I.  a.  Written  by 
an 'in-nraf^,    (one's  own  band,  ae  a  note.     II.  /.      1. 

Writing  done  with  one's  own  hand;  one's  own  signature. 

'I.  Vn  autographic  copy.    [<  Gr.  out  irapho, 

write  ]     au"to-tcrapli  ii-,  a.  Of  the  nature  of  an  autograph; 

written   with    tin-   author's   own    hand,       -l-eal;.    -au"tn- 

vrapiri-cal-l),  ado. — au-log'ra-pliy,  » 
au"to-h>  p-no'sls,  1  o'to-hlp-no'sis;  2  ft'tC-hyp-nC'slS,  n.  The 

or  condition  of  self'hypnotlsm. 
Au-tol'y-eus,  1  e-tel'l-kus;  2  a-tOl'y-cus,  n.    1.  A  (ireek  as- 

tronomer  and  mathematician  of  the  4th  century  B.  C.    2. 

dr.  Myth.  Son  of  Eermes;  master  of  thieves,  who  could 

change  the  appearance  of  bis  plunder  or  render  it  lnvl 
au"to-inat'i<\  1  5*to  mat'ik;  2  s/'to-m&t'ie,  a.    1.  Self" 

moving  or  •regulating,    'i.  Acting  mechanically;  done 

from  force  of  habit  or  without  volition;  done  by  self. 
•  machinery.    (<  Gr.  automatos;  see  automaton.] 

an  "lo-niat  'l-calt:  ati-toin'a-tou^:.    Syn.:  seeSPONTANB- 

ors.  — au"io-mat  i-eal-ly,  a<fr. 
aii-loin'a-iisiii,  1  .i-t..in'..-tizin:  2  a-tom'a-tlsm,  n.     1. 
ii  quality  of  being  automatic  or  of  having  no 

voluntary   action;   involuntary   action.      '!. 

mechanism  by  which  automatic  acts,  such  as  winking, 

ar.-  performed;  also,  the  action  of  Bucfa  a  mechanism, 
au-tom'u-ton,  1  e-tem'a-ten;  2  a-tSm'a-ton,  n.    [-tons 

or  -t\,  ji!  ]     Any  automatic  mechanism  thai  in 

actions  of  Living  beings.    [I...  <  Gr.  automaton,  neut.  of 

automaton,  <  autos,  self.  +  mdo,  strive  after  J 
au"to-mo'bile,  1  tV'to-mo'lul  or  -mo-bfl';  2  a"to-mo'liil  or 

-mo-bfl'.    I.  vt.  &  vi.    To  ride  in  or  .Iriv.'  an  automobile. 

II.  a.    Self  •propelling:  applied  to  vehicles  formerly  pro- 

Celled  by  horses,  etc.    III.  n.    A  self-propelling  vehicle; 
rriago.    [<auto — f- 1>.  '"■  tOBrLE.j 

— au"to-mi>'bll-lst,  n.    One  who  owns,  rides  in,  or  drives 
an  automoi. 
ail-t«iiro-ni«iis,   1   o-ton'o-mus;  2   a-ton'o-mus,  a.     1. 
Characterised  by  autonomy;  aelf'goveming.     au"to- 
noiii'Ic'.    •».  Biol  Independent  of  any  other  organism. 
auto  .  jelf,  •   a'  "in.  distribute  1 
aii-iiiii'o-my,  l  e-ton'o-mi;  2  a-t8n'o-my,  n.    [-hiesz,  /</  ] 
The  power,  right,  or  condition  ol  self  •government;  prac- 
tical independence  with   nominal  Bubordination;  self» 
determination,  as  of  the  will.     [<  <;>    autonomia,   < 
dlstrlliute  |  -au"to-nomie,  l-eal,';    - 
aii"to-noini-eal-lv 
au'top-sy,  1  e'top-si;  2  s'tfip-sy,  n.    [-sjks*,  pi.]    1.  Post= 
mortem  examination  of  a  human  body.    '!.  The  act  of 
-.-.  ire  with  one's  own  eyes.    [<  Gr.  aulas,  self,  +  optos, 

au-top'tle,  1  o-top'tik;  2  a-top'iic,  a      Seen  with  one's  own 
eyes;  of  or  as  of  an  eye-witness,    au-top'tl-calt. 


1:»  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    rj  =  sino;   fhin,   this.     Austerlltz 
67       2:  wplf,  dfi;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cOre,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,      avocation 


au"to-sug-gest"i-bil'i-ty,  1  e'to-sug-jest'i-bil'i-tr,  2  a"to- 
sug-gest"i-bil'i-ty,  re.  Psychol.  1.  The  state  or  quality  of 
being  autosuggestive.    2.  Ability  to  hypnotize  oneself. 

au"to-sug-ges'tiv(es,  1  e"to-sug-jes'tiv;  2  a"to-sug-ges'tiv,  a. 

I.  Fitted  or  tending  to  stimulate  thought  of  itself.    2.  Per- 
taining to  or  characteristic  of  autosuggestion. 

au'to-truck,  1  e'to-truk;  2  a'to-truk,  re.  A  truck  fitted  with 
a  motor=engine  from  which  it  derives  its  power  of  propulsion. 

au 'to-type,  1  e'to-taip;  2  a'to-typ,  n.  A  photographic 
process  by  which  pictures  are  produced  in  monochrome 
in  a  carbon  pigment;  also,  the  print  so  produced. — au"- 
to-typ'Ic,  a. 

au'tumn,  1  e'tum;  2  a'tum,  a.     [Rare.]     Autumnal. 

au'tumn,  )  re.    The  third  season  of  the  year:  often  called 

au'tum8,  J  fall.  [<  L.  autumnus,  autumn.] — au-tum'- 
nal,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  like  autumn;  ripening;  declining. 

Au"vergne',  1  o"var'nya:  2  o'ver'nye,  n.  A  former  province 
of  France. — Auvergne  Mountains,  in  central  France;high- 
est  peak,  6,188  ft. 

aui.,  anvil.,  abbr.    Auxiliary. 

.aux-il 'ia-ry,  1  egz-il'ya-n;  2  agz-il'ya-ry.  I.  a.  Giving 
or  furnishing  aid;  subsidiary;  accessory.  II.  n.  [-riesz, 
pi.]  1.  One  who  or  that  which  aids  or  helps;  assistant; 
associate.  2.  A  verb  that  helps  in  the  conjugation  of  an- 
other verb.  3.  pi.  Foreign  troops  allied  with  a  nation 
at  war.  [<  L.  auxiliaritts,  <  augeo,  increase.]  aux-il'lart. 
Syn.:  accessory,  aid,  ally,  assistant,  coadjutor,  confederate, 
helper,  mercenary,  promoter,  subordinate.  An  auxiliary  is 
a  person  or  thing  that  helps  in  a  subordinate  capacity.  Allies 
unite  as  equals;  auxiliaries  are,  at  least  technically,  inferiors 
or  subordinates.  The  word  is  oftenest  found  in  the  plural, 
and  in  the  military  sense;  auxiliaries  are  troops  of  one  na- 
tion uniting  with  the  armies,  and  acting  under  the  orders,  of 
another.  Mercenaries  serve  only  for  pay;  auxiliaries  often 
for  reasons  of  state,  policy,  or  patriotism  as  well.  Compare 
accessory;  appendage. — Ant.:  antagonist,  hinderer.  oppo- 
nent, opposer. — Prep.:  The  auxiliaries  of  the  Romans;  an 
auxiliary  in  a  good  cause:  an  auxiliary  to  learning. 

Av.,  Ave.,  abbr.  Avenue. — av.,  avdp.,  avoir.,  abbr.  Avoir- 
dupois. 

a-vail',  1  a-v§l';  2  a-val',  v.    1. 1.    To  assist  or  aid;  profit. 

II.  i.     To  be  of  value  or  advantage;  suffice. — a-vail'- 
tng,  pa.    Advantageous;  profitable. — a-vail'ing-ly,  adv. 

it-vail',  re.  1.  Utility  for  a  purpose;  profit;  benefit;  good. 
2.  pi.  Proceeds.  [  <  a-11  +  F.  valoir,  <  L.  valeo,  be  of 
value.]  Syn.:  see  profit;  utility. 

a-vail 'a-bl(ep,  1  a-vel'a-bl;  2  a-val'a-bl,  a.  1.  Capable  of 
being  used  advantageously;  usable;  profitable;  at  one's 
disposal,  as  funds.  2.  Of  adequate  power  for  a  result; 
effectual;  valid. — a-vail"a-bii'i-ty,  n.  Fitness  to  serve 
a  given  purpose.  a-vail'a-bl(e-nesspt. — a-vail'a-bly,  adv. 

av'a-lanch  (e"p,  1  av'a-lanch;  2  av'a-lanch,  n.  The  fall  of 
a  mass  of  snow  or  ice  down  a  mountain=slope;  also,  the 
mass  so  falling.  [F.,  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  vallem,  ace.  of  vallis, 
valley.] 

A"va"lon',  1  a'va'len';  2  a'vii'loh',  n.  In  the  legends  of  King 
Arthur,  an  Island,  said  to  be  Glastonbury,  the  burial*place 
of  the  King. 

av'a-rice,  )  1  av'a-ris;  2  av'a-ric,  n.     Passion  for  riches; 

av'a-ris8,  S  covetousness.    [<  L.  avarilia,  <  aveo,  crave.] 

av"a-ri'cious,  1  av"a-risTi'us;  2  av"a-rish'us,  a.  Greedy 
of  gain;  grasping;  miserly. 

Syn.:  close,  covetous,  greedy,  miserly,  niggardly,  parsi- 
monious, penurious,  rapacious,  sordid,  stingy.  The  avari- 
cious man  desires  both  to  get  and  to  keep,  the  covetous  man 
to  get  something  away  from  its  possessor;  miserly  and  nig- 
gardly persons  seek  to  gain  by  mean  and  petty  savings;  the 
miserly  by  stinting  themselves,  the  niggardly  by  stinting 
others.  Parsimonious  and  penurious  may  apply  to  one's 
outlay  either  for  himself  or  for  others;  In  the  latter  use,  they 
are  somewhat  less  harsh  and  reproachful  terms  than  nig- 
gardly. The  avaricious  and  rapacious  are  ready  to  reach  out 
for  gain:  the  parsimonious,  miserly,  and  niggardly  prefer  the 
safer  and  less  adventurous  way  of  avoiding  expenditure. 
Greedy  and  stingy  are  used  not  only  of  money,  but  often  of 
other  things,  as  food,  etc.  The  greedy  child  wishes  to  get 
everything  for  himself;  the  stingy  child,  to  kesp  others  from 
getting  what,  he  has. — Ant.:  bountiful,  free,  generous,  lib- 
eral, munificent,  prodigal,  wasteful.  —  Prep.:  of. 
— av-a-ii'clous-ly,  adv.— av-a-rl'clous-ncgs,  n. 

a-vast',  1  a-vast';  2  a-vast',  inlerj.  Naut.  Stop!  hold! 
cease!    [  <  a-7  +  D.  vast,  fast  .  | 

av"a-tar\  1  av'a-tur'  or  av'a-tcir;  2  fiv'a-tar'  or  av'a-tiir,  n. 
Hind.  Myth.  An  Incarnation;  manifestation.  [<  Sans,  ava- 
tdra,  <  ava,  down,  +  V  tar,  pass  over.] 

a-vaiint',  1  a-v5nt';2  a-viint',  inlerj.  Begone!  away!  [< 
I    a i  ant,  before.] 

A'vc,  1  e'vIorci've;2  a'veorji've,  n.  R.C.Ch.  The  salutation 
to  the  Virgin;  also,  a  prayer  of  Invocation  to  the  Virgin, 
called  from  the  opening  words  the  Ave  Maria.  [L.,  hall  or 
farewell.] 


A-ve'na,  1  a-vi'na;  2  a-ve'na,  n.  Bot.  A  genus  of  annual 
or  perennial  grasses  of  temperate  zones.  A.  sativa  is  the 
cultivated  oat.  [L.,oats] — av"e-na'ceous,  o.  Of,  per- 
taining to,  or  resembling  oats  or  kindred  grasses. 

a-vens;e',  1  a-venj';  2  a-veng',  v.  [a-venged';  a-veng'- 
ing.]  1. 1.  To  take  vengeance  or  inflict  exemplary  pun- 
ishment for  (an  act)  or  in  behalf  of  (a  person  or  persons). 
II.  i.  To  take  vengeance;  exact  satisfaction.  [<  L.op 
vindico,  punish;  see  vindicate.] 

Syn.:  punish,  retaliate,  revenge,  vindicate,  visit.  To  avenge 
is  to  visit  some  offense  with  fitting  punishment;  to  revenge  is 
to  inflict  harm  or  suffering  upon  another  through  personal 
anger  and  resentment.  See  revenge. — Ant.:  see  synonyms 
for  pardon. — Prep.:  on  or  upon;  of  or  against  are  archaic. 
— a-veng 'er,  re.  One  who  or  that  which  avenges. — a- 
venger  of  blood  (Hebrew  goel) ,  among  the  ancient  Hebrews, 
the  nearest  of  kin  of  a  murdered  man,  whose  duty  it  was  to 
pursue  and  slay  the  murderer. — a-vcng'ing-ly,  adv. 
av'en-taile,  1  av'en-tel;  2  av'en-tal,  n.  The  adjustable  front 
of  a  helmet.  [  <  OF.  esventail,  air=hole,  <  L.  ex,  out,  +  ven- 
tus,  wind.]    av'en-taylet;  ven'taiit. 

a-ven'turet,  n.    Adventure;  mishap;  chance. 

a-ven'tu-rin,    \  1  a-ven'tiu-rin;2a-ven'tu-rin,  re.   I.Abrown 

a-ven'tu-rine,  i  Venetian  glass,  flecked  with  brass  filings.  2. 
A  variety  of  quartz  or  feldspar  containing  shining  particles. 
[<  LL.p+it  adventura,  <  L.  ad,  to,  +  venio,  come.] 

av'e-nue,  1  av'a-niQ;  2  av'e-nu,  re..  1.  A  broad  thorough- 
fare, especially  one  bordered  with  trees.  2.  A  way  of  ap- 
proach; a  way.  [F.,  pp.  fem.  of  avenir,  <  L.  ad,  to,  + 
venio,  come.]    Syn.:  see  way. 

a-ver',  1  a-vur';  2  a-ver',  vt.  [a-verred',  a-verd'8;  a- 
ver'ring.]  To  declare  confidently  as  fact;  affirm.  [  < 
L.p  ad,  to,  +  verus,  true.]  Syn.:  see  affirm;  allege;  as- 
sert; avow. — a-ver'ment,  n. — a-ver 'ra-bl(ep,  a. 

a'ver,  1  e'var;  2  a'ver,  re.  [Dial.  Eng.  or  Obs.]  Property  or 
possessions  in  general;  also,  cattle,  or  some  beast  of  burden, 
as  a  horse.    [OF.,  <  L.  habeo,  have.] 

av'er-age,  1  av'ar-ij;  2  av'er-ag.  I.  vt.  [-aged;  -ag-ing.] 
To  calculate,  fix,  or  be  the  average  of;  apportion  on  the 
average;  do,  take,  or  assume  as  an  average.  II.  a.  Ob- 
tained by  calculating  the  mean  of  several;  medium;  or- 
dinary. III.  re.  1.  The  quotient  of  any  sum  divided  by 
the  number  of  its  terms;  the  mean  amount,  quantity,  or 
the  like.  2.  The  ordinary  rank,  degree,  or  amount;  gen- 
eral type.  3.  Com.  (1)  The  loss  arising  by  damage  to  a 
ship  or  cargo.  (2)  A  gratuity  allowed  to  masters  of 
ships  in  consideration  of  care  of  goods.  [<  F.  avarie, 
damage  to  ship  or  cargo] — av'er-age-ly,  adv.  In  accord- 
ance with  the  average;  on  the  average;  ordinarily. 

A-ver'nus,  1  a-vur'nus;  2  a-ver'nus,  re.  A  lake  supposed  by 
the  ancients  to  be  the  entrance  to  Hades;  hence,  the  infernal 
regions. — A-ver'nl-an,  a. 

A-ver'rho-es,  1  a-ver'o-iz;  2  ii-ver'o-es,  re.  (1126-1198.)  An 
Arab  philosopher;  born  in  Cordoba,  Spain.     A-ver 'ro-esj. 

a-verse',  1  a-vurs';  2  a-vers',  a.  Turned  away  in  mind  or 
feeling;  unfavorable;  reluctant:  witli  to.  |  <  L.  aver  to; 
see  avert.]  Syn.:  see  inimical. — a-verse'ly,  adv. — a- 
verse'ness,  re. — a-ver'sion,  n.  1.  Mental  opposition;  an- 
tipathy. 2.  That  to  which  one  is  averse.  Syn.:  see  abomi- 
nation; antipathy;  hatred. 

a-VCrt''1,  1  a-vurt';  2  a-vert',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  turn  away  it 
aside.  2.  To  prevent  (danger  or  evil) ;  ward  off.  IIj|.  i. 
To  turn  away  or  aside.  |  <  L.  averto,  <  a  (for  ad),  from, 
+  verto,  turn.]  Syn.:  sec  avoid.—  a-vert'ecl-ly,  adv.  a- 
vcrt'l-bl(ep,  a. 

A'ves,  1  e'viz;  2  ii'ves,  n.  pi.  A  class  of  Vertebrate,  the 
birds.    For  types  see  bird.    [L.,  pi.  of  avis,  bird.] 

a'vl-an,  1  e'vi-.m;  2  a'vl-an.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  birds,  a- 
vlc'u-lart.    II.  re.    A  bird.    [ <  L.  avis,  bird.] 

a'vl-a-ry,  1  S'vi-e-ri;  2  a'vi-a-ry,  re.  [-riesz,  pi.]  An  en- 
closure for  live  birds.    [  <  L.  avis,  bird.]  —  a'vi-a-ris(,  n. 

A-vl'a-tik,  1  a-vl'a-tik;  2  :i-vi'a-tik,  n.  A  German  aer- 
oplane with  two  propellers. 

a'vi-a"tor,  1  S'vi-e  tar;  2  a'vi-a"tor,  n.  One  who  operates 
an  aeroplane. — a"vi-a'tion,  n.  The  art  of  Dying;  espe- 
cially, the  management  of  aeroplanes.  [(980  1037). 

Av"l-cen'na,  1  av"i-scn'a;  2  av"l-ccn'a.  re.    Arab  philosopher 

av'i-Clll"tlire,  1  av'i-kul'Vhur;  2  a v'i-cul"e!n.ir,  re.  The 
rearing  of  birds,    l<  L.  avis,  bird,  |-<  nn  m   | 

a-vid'i-ty,  1  a-vid'i-ti;  2  a-vld'i-ty,  re.  1.  Str.mg  and 
eager  appetite  or  relish;  greediness.  2.  Chemical  affin- 
ity.   [  <  L.  avidua,  eager.T— av'ld,  «. 

A"vi"gnon',  1  a"vI"nyoh';  2  a"vi"nvou'.  re.  A  city  (pop. 
49,000)  of  s.  E.  France;  papal  residence  1309   1877. 

Av-lo'na,  1  av-16'na;  2av-lo'nft,  ».  An  Albanian  seaport 
i,n  i  lie  Adriatic  sea:  occupied  by  Italy,  I  >■<•  '_'">,  1914. 

av"o-oa'tion,  1  av"o-k6'shsn;  2  &v*p-ea'shon,  n.     1.  A 

casual  or  transient,  occupation;  diversion.  2.  One's 
business  or  vocation:  com n ion  bul  improper  usage.  [< 
L.  a  (aft),  away.  4-  voco,  call.]   Syn.:  sec  business. 


.»\ ...  I  I 
ll.lll> 


•  •  ■"•       ■  >•    Ar;  full,  rfllo;   but,  bftrn; 

•  11  •  |        I  ii         i  i  .  ii      .1     in ,  iiAn, 


OS 


i-i. i  .    . 


i 
11    .ilr-ilii-|>.ii- 


'.'.   \     mlnicm 
I. 

" 
\  •■•!'.  itral  England: 

»-»nin  li    .  i       (firm  positively; 

i-i"«   .  penly;  own  or 

I,  to,    • 

r,  avouch,  confess,  declare, 

:  o  'iroir  Is 

■ 
•n.    A  man  m  or  his  own 

■*;  beadmlM  anop;  .'.Merr..r: 

■  a  hat  lie 

..f  from 

his  ssurancc 

.•penly  a  belief 

or  Intention  that  he  has  *  ich  take 

a  direct  ol  lause:  a 

man  n  m  his  faith,  avouches  a  deed.  arers  that  bewaspree- 

MHiisi;    a i  ■ 

vow.  disclaim, 

a-\u«    a-hl   .     .  .i-\.m  '.l-lil   i-ncs>e.  .,        B-TOW'a- 

hi).            a-Tow'al,  •      Opei                     ;  acknowledg- 

.-•■>i  a-rowed '.        <  ipenly 

acknowledged:  pla  OSTENSIBLE.— a- 

»oH  .  ■-! . .  a-Ton  'ed-ness,  i 

s-\  ill   Mull.    |  1.    \   [uillintc 

'  ion.     1.  That  which 

-),  <  ab,  from, 
a-Mil'-h  *•*,  a.    Tendi-  iddenly  or  vlo- 

a-Min  i  n-l.ir.   |     KVtrr/lriu-lsr;  2  n-vun'cu-lar,  a.     Of  or 
incle.    [<  L.  avunculus,  dim.  of  avus, 

»-»>»•.    I.       Toad  II.  a-TJ  -e*. 

1.  '.'. 

.-")   -+-  waiter, 
a  :  see  abide. 
a-w.ik'-  .  .  2  a-wfik',  r.     [a-woki/,  or  a-waked'; 

1     I.  t.     To  rouse,  as  from  sleep;  excite; 
II.        I     cease  to  sleep;  become 
wan,  wake] 
a-wake '.  •    vigilant. 

a-w  ik  en.  . 
awake.    Syn_- se«-  a-wak 'en-Ins;,    i.  pa.    Btlrring; 

eir-iting    II.  n.   Tneactof  waiting;  an  arousing  of  at 
or  lnt<  •  [Wanting, 

a-wani  \\\i.  vent'uj;  2  a-want'lng,  pa.    [Scot.  &.  Poet.) 

a-ward'  .  .  !.  djudge  as  due 

.    allow. 
II.  rbitrator, 

•  e.  watch.)    Synj  see  allot. 
a-ward  'a-hb  . 
a-ware',  i  r'.a.    Possessing  knowli 

. 
pewrr.  <  ge-  +  tcjtr,  cautious!  Syru  see  co- 
■  Willi',  adi   St  a.   Naui.   1.  Level 

with  or  just  abo--  r,    2.  Tossed 

a-wa>  '  L  At  or  1            tan.ee;  off ; 

absent.  2.  In  ar.  a;  aside.  3.  Out  of  exis- 
tence: at  an  end.  4.  '  if  ten  by 
ellipsis  used  like  a  verb  3    on,  on, 

.  1  o;  2  a      I.  rf.     [aw(b)d";  aw'ino  or  awe'ino  1 
II.  ■       Reverential 

:re»ri  mint-"  ration.     [<Ice.  a 

Synj  see  amazement;  feak;  bxvere.vce;  yl.-.lkation.— 


awe  leas,  .i      Without   •  aw 'less  t.    n«c'- 

wnwi    ■      Appalling;  awful;  Oiled  with  n«'-     -ly,  .n/r. 
-in  - 

i-  »  .    i    r  i  .  i 

a-»e. illi  rr,  \i .  to,  nr 

Ido  from  which  the  wind  blows:  aald  of  the  holm. 

.i-hitIM  •  .i  i    8 a-woi', inurj  Itadi   [Boot.)  Woll;  well  thenl 

iptlOII  nf    Ol.  Will. 

a-welgh  .  wini  the  iiukcM  jimt 

if  an  anchor, 
mm  'ful.  1  a  ful;  2  a'ful.  a     I.  Inspiring,  nr  suited  to  In- 
and  U  rribli      'I.  1  ill.-. I  with  ■         i. 
i  |  ICxoocdingl)  bad;  frightful;  monstrous, 
.     alarming,  appalling,  august,  ilire,  direful,  dread, 
dreadful,  fearful,  frightful,  grand,  horrible,  Imposing,  majes- 
tic, noble,  portentous,  shocking,  solemn,  stately,  terrible, 
terrlOo.    Awful  should  no)  bo  used  of  things  which  are'merely 
disagreeable  or  annoying,  n»r  of  all  thai  are  alarms  I 

..  bul  onlj  nf  such  as  bring  s  solemn  awe  upon  the 
soul,  as  lu  i  in-  presence  of  a  superior  power;  as,  the  awful 
bush  before  the  battle    Thai  which  i  an  op- 

Ive,  thai  which  Is  august  an  admiring  reverenoe;  we 
."peak  nf  i  he  august  presence  of  a  mighty  monarch,  the  awful 
presence  of  death,  We  speak  of  an  exalted  station,  a  grand 
mountain,  an  Imposing  presence,  a  majt  Me  cathedral,  a 
\att  \y  march,  an  august  as- 
sembly, the  t  the  Judgment  Day.  Beei 
ii  l;  grand.  Ant.:  base, beggai  ice, contempt- 
ible, despicable,  bumble,  Inferior,  lowly,  mean,  paltry,  un- 
dignified, vulgar. 

a«  Tul-I> ,  adt       aw  Tiil-iicss.  n 

a- while',  1  s-hwail';  2  a-hwfl',  adv.    F.>r  a  brief  time.  I  < 

.  a  utiiic.) 
a- whirl',  1  B-hwuTl';2  a-hwirr.  a.  A  adv.  In  s  whirl;  whirling, 
awk'ward,  1  Sk'werd;  2  ak'ward,  ".  1.  Ungraceful  id 
bearing;  unskilful  in  action;  bungling,  'i.  Embarrassing 
or  perplexing;  also,  difficull  or  dangerous  to  deal  with, 
as  an  opponent  :t  i .  Pei  iri  i  b;  untoward,  I  <  mrk  (  < 
lee,  6 fug,  afug,  bac  -ti  utn  I 

Syn.:  boorish,  bungling,  clownish,  clumsy,  gawky,  mal- 
aiirnii.  uncouth,  ungainly,  unhandy,  unskilful.  Awkward, 
from  /;:./  (kindred  with  off),  is  offward,  turned  the  wrong 
way:  n  was  anclenl  Ij  used  "f  a  back  handed  blow  in  bal I  te, 
Clumsy  originally  Blgnlfled  be- 
numb.!,  stiffened  with  cold;  b  angers;  clumsy 

limbs.     Thus,  aiikirnrit  primarily  refers  to  action,  dli 
condition,     A  tool,  B  vehicle,  or  the  human  frame  may  be 
in  shape  nr  build,  awkward  In  motion,     A  ilanclng 
both  clumsy  and  awkward.    See  bushc. — Ant.:  adroit. 

Clever,  dexterous,  handy,  skilful. 

— awk'ward-ly,  ndr.—  awk'ward-ness,  n. 
awl,  1  .>;:  2  al,  n.    A  pointed  steel  instrument  for  making 

1  holes.    (  <  AS.  awel.] 
a«  'nious,  1  e'mus;2a'mus,  n.  [Scot]  charity;  alms. 
awn,  1  on;  2  an,  n.    Hot.    A  bristle<like  appendaRC  of  cer-  ■ 
tain  grasses;  beard,  as  of  wheat  or  rye.     [ME.  men,    < 
agun,  <  Ice.  ogn,  chaff,  husk.) — awn(c)dB,  a.    Having  an 
awn;  beard,  d       a\\  n  'les^,  a. 

awning,  1  §n'm;  2  an'ing,  n.    A  roof»like  shelter  from 

sun  or  rain.    [  <  F.  auvent,  awning.] 
a-wolce',  1  a-wok'; 2  a-wOk',  i il  awake,  v. 

a-wry',  1  a-rai';  2  a-ry',  a.  &  ad\      I.   1  oward  one  side; 

crook. -.1;   distorted;   obliquely.      2.  Out  of  the  right 
•  rroneously;  perversely. 
aw  'some,  1  n'sum;2  a'sum.  a.    [Scot.]    Appalling. 
ax,    /!  \  n  edgi-tool  for  chopping,  hewing, 

axe,  \  or  tin- like.    [<A9  eax,sexA 
ax'i-al,  1  aks'l-sl;  2  aks'i-al,  a.    Oi,  pertaining  to,  or  con- 

ax'll,  1  aks'il;  2  iiks'11.  n.    1.   Bot.  The  cavity  or  angle  formed 

by  the  Junction  of  the  upper  side  of  a  leafstalk,  branch,  etc., 

with  a  stem  or  branch.    8.  Anal.  The  axilla.    [<  L.  axilla, 

dim.  of  axis,  axis.) 

ax 'He,  a.    Of,  pertaining  to,  or  situated  In,  or  in  the  line  of,  an 

■  I.    [<  L.  axis,  axis.) 
ax-II'la,  1  aks-H'a;  2  aks-ll'a,  n.    [-L*.  1  -I;  2  -e,  pi.]    1.  Anat. 

The  armpit*  2.  Bot.  An  axil.    [L] 
ax'll-lar,  1  aks'i-lar;  2  aks'1-lar,  a.    Axillary. 
ax'll-la-ry,  1  aks'i-le-n;  2  aks'i-la-rv,  a.    1.  Of,  pertain- 
i,  or  situated  in  the  armpit.    18.  /Cool.  Attached  to  a 
'.  dim.  of  axis,  axis.] 
ax'l-om,  1  aks'i-am;  2  aks'i-om,  n.     A  self«evident  or 
hence,   any  proposition  or  principle 
men  universally  accept.     [  <  Gr.  axioma,   <  ago, 
lead,  weigh.) 

Syn_-  truism.  Both  the  axiom  and  the  truism  are  Instantly 
seen  to  be  true,  and  need  no  proof;  but  in  an  axiom  there  Is 
progress  of  thought,  while  the  truism  simply  says  the  same 
Jhlriir  r  says  what  Ls  too  manifest  to  need  saying. 

The  axiom  that  "things  which  are  equal  to  the  same  thing  are 
equal  to  one  another"  unfolds  In  the  latter  part  of  the  sen- 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  fewd;    cliin;    go;    0  =  sin/7;    thin,    this. 
69  2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


avocet 
baby 


tence  the  truth  implied  in  the  first  part,  which  might  have 
been  overlooked  if  not  stated.  In  the  truism  that  "a  man  can 
do  all  he  is  capable  of,"  the  former  and  the  latter  part  of  the 
sentence  are  simply  identical,  and  the  mind  is  left  just  where 
it  started.  Hence  the  axiom  is  valuable  and  useful,  while  the 
truism  is  weak  and  flat,  unless  the  form  of  statement  makes 
it  striking  or  racy,  as  "all  fools  are  out  of  their  wits."  Com- 
pare adage;  proverb. — Ant.:  absurdity,  contradiction, dem- 
onstration, nonsense,  paradox,  sophism. 

— ax"I-o-mat'ic,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  of  the  nature  of  an 
axiom;  self»evident.  ax"l-o-mat'l-calt.— ax'1-o-niat'l- 
cal-ly,  adv. 

ax'is,  1  aks'is;  2  aks'is,  n.  [-esz,  pi.]  1.  A  line  on  which 
something  rotates,  or  around  which  something  is  sym- 
metrically arranged.  2.  That  on  which  any  matter 
hinges  or  turns;  a  pivotal  point.    [L.,  axis.] 

ax'l(ep,  1  aks'l;  2  aks'l,  n.  1.  A  cross=bar  supporting  a 
vehicle,  and  on  or  with  winch  its  wheel  or  wheels  turn. 
ax'Ie-tree"J.  2.  A  shaft  or  spindle  on  which  a  wheel  is 
mounted  and  on  or  with  which  it  turns.  [  <  Ice.  oxul, 
axle.] — ax 'led,  a.    Having  an  axle  or  axles. 

ax'man,    )  1  aks'man;  2  aks'man,  n.    [ax'men,  pi.]    One 

axe 'man,  )  who  wields  an  ax;  a  woodman. 

Ax'min-ster,  1  aks'min-star;  2  aks'min-ster,  n.  A  town  in 
southwest  England;  formerly  noted  for  its  carpets;  pop. 
4,000.  [eternally. 

ay,  le;2a.,adv.    Ever;always.    ayej. — foray  or  aye,  forever; 

ay,  in/erj.  [North.  Eng.  or  Poet.]  O!  ohl  ah!  an  expression  of 
sorrow,  surprize,  etc.:  often  ay  me! 

aye,  1  ai;  2  I.  I.  n.  An  expression  of  assent;  affirmative 
vote.    II.  adv.    Yes;  yea.    ayj. 

aye'=aye",  1  ai'=ai";  2  VA".  n.  A  nocturnal  arboreal  mammal 
of  Madagascar,  about  the  size  of  a  cat.  [F.,  <  Malagasy 
aiay.] 

a-yenst 't,  prep.  &conj.    Against,    a-yenste't. 

Ayr.,  1  ar;  2  ar,  n.    A  city  (pop.  33,000)  in  Ayrshire,  Scotland. 

a'y-riet,ft.    Aerie,    a'y-ryt. 

Ayr'shlre,  1  ar'shlr;  2  ar'shir,  n.  A  county  (pop.  268,000), 
S.  W.  Scotland;  early  home  of  Burns. 

a-yun"ta-ml-en'to,  1  a-yun"ta-mi-en'to;  2  a-ytin"ta-mi-en'- 
to,  n.  [Sp.  &  Sp.  Am.]  A  municipal  council  or  legislative 
body  of  a  town  or  city;  town  council. 

az.,  abbr.  Her.  Azure. 


a-za'le-a,  1  a-ze'h-a;  2  a-za'le-a,  n.  A  flowering  shrub  of 
the  genus  Azalea,  of  the  heath  family.  [  <  Gr.  azaleos . 
<  azo,  parch.] 

az'i-muth,  1  az'i-muth;  2  az'i-muth,  n.  Astron.  The 
arc  of  the  horizon  that  a  vertical  plane  passing  through 
a  heavenly  body  makes  with  the  meridian  of  the  place  of 
observation.  [  <  Ar.  as'sumut,  <  al,  the,  +  sumut,  pi. 
of  samt,  way.] 

az'o-,  1  az'o-;  2  az'o-.  A  combining  form  in  organic 
chemistry,  applied  to  compounds  containing  nitrogen, 
as  nitric  acid:  sometimes  written  as  a  separate  word  as  if 
it  were  an  adjective;  as,  azo  compounds.     [  <  azote.] 

A-zof ',  1  a-zof  or  e'zev;  2  a-z6f  or  a'zov,  Sea  of.  A  sea  N.  E. 
of  Crimea,  S.  Russia:  14,478  sq.  m.    A-zov'J. 

a-zo'ic,  1  a-zo'ik;  2  a-zo'ic,  a.  Without  life;  without  or- 
ganic remains.    [  <  Gr.  a-  priv.  +  zoe,  life.] 

a-zon'ic,  1  o-zen'ik;  2  a-zon'ie,  a.  Not  peculiar  to  any 
zone  or  region;  not  local.    [  <  Gr.  a-  priv.  +  zone,  zone.] 

A-zores',  1  a-zorz';  2  a-zors.',  n.  Portuguese  islands  (922  sq. 
m.;  pop.  256,000)  in  N.  Atlantic  ocean;  capital,  Ponta  Del- 
gada. 

az'ote,  1  az'ot;  2  az'ot,  n.  C'hem.  Nitrogen:  formerly  so 
called.  [F.,  <  Gr.  a-  priv.  +  zao,  live.] — a-zot'ie,  a. 
Chem.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  containing  azote  or  nitrogen; 
unfitted  to  support  life. — az'o-tlze,  vt.    To  nitrogenize. 

Az'tec,  1  az'tek;  2  az'tge.  I.  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  desig- 
nating that  one  of  the  races  of  Mexico  which  was  dominant 
when  Cortez  invaded  the  country  in  1519.  Az'tec-ant.  II. 
n.    A  member  of  the  Aztec  race,  or  its  language. 

az'ure,  1  aj'ur;  2  azh'ur.  I.  a.  1.  Like  the  blue  of  the 
sky;  sky=blue.  2.  Like  the  clear  sky;  cloudless;  spot- 
less. II.  n.  1.  A  clear  skyblue  color  or  pigment.  2. 
The  clear  sky;  the  blue  vault  of  heaven.  [  <  Per.Ar+F 
lajward,  lazhward,  lapis  lazuli,  a  blue  mineral.] 

az'u-rlte,  1  a3'u-rait;  2  azh'u-rit,  n.  Mineral.  A  vitreous. 
azure»blue,  hydrous  copper  carbonate:  used  rarely  as  a  gem. 
blue  malachite! . 

az'y-gous,  1  az'i-gus;  2  az'y-gus,  a.  Having  no  fellow;  occur- 
ring singly;  not  paired.    [<  Gr.  <  a-  priv.  +  zygon,  yoke.] 

az'ym,    )  1  az'im;  2  az'ym,  n.    The  Jewish  paschal  loaf;  un- 

az'ynie,  Heavened  bread.  [<  Gr.  azymos,  <  a-  priv.  + 
zymi,  leaven,  <  zed,  boil.]— a-zym'lc,  a.  Of  or  pertaining 
to  unleaved  bread,  unfermented.    az'y-mousi. 


B 


B  b    Roman. 


Black 
Letter. 


®J 


Script. 


B,  b,  1  bl;  2  be,  n.  [bees,  B's,  or  Bs,  1  biz;  2  be§,  pi.] 
The  second  letter  in  the  English  alphabet. 

B.,  abbr.  Bay.  British,  Brutus,  Boron. — b.,  abbr.  Base,  book, 
born,  brother. — B.  A.,  abbr.  Bachelor  of  Arts,  British  Acad- 
emy, British  America. — Ba.,  abbr.    Barium. 

baa,  1  ba;  2  ba.  I.vi.  To  bleat  as  a  sheep.  II.  n.  The  bleat 
of  a  sheep.    [Imitative.] 

Ba'al,  1  be'al;2  ba'al,  n.  [Ba'al-im,  1  be'al-im;2  ba'al-im, 
pi.]  1.  The  sun=god,  the  supreme  male  divinity  of  the 
ancient  Syro^Phenician  nations:  a  generic  term  for  god 
in  many  of  the  Syro=Arabian  languages;  figuratively,  an 
idol  or  idolatry.    2.  Same  as  Bel.    [<  Heb.  Ba'al,  lord] 

Baal"bek',  1  buT'bek',  2  bal"b6k',  n.  A  ruined  city  in  Syria; 
site  of  the  Temple  of  the  Sun. 

bab'ble,  )  1  bab'l;  2  bal/1,  v.     [bab'bi.ed,  baii'lii1';  BAB'- 

bab'l1',    JBLINQ.1    I.I.   To  utter  unintelligibly;  blurt  out; 

tell  thoughtlessly.     II.  t.     To  utter  inarticulate  sounds; 

murmur,  as  a  stream;  prattle;  gossip.    [Imitative.] 

Syn.:  blab,  blurt,  blUTt  out,  cackle,  chat,  chatter,  gabble, 
gossip,  jabber,  murmur,  palaver,  prate,  prattle,  tattle. 
twaddle.  Most  of  these  words  are  onomatopoetlc.  The 
cackle  of  a  hen.  t  lie  gabble  of  a  goose,  I  lie  Chattt  r  of  a  magpie, 

the  babble  of  a  running  stream,  a  applied  to  human  speech, 
indicate  a  rapid  succession  of  what  are  to  the  listener  mean 

IngleSB  sounds.     /(/(///  and  hhirl  (commonly  blurt  milt  refer  to 

the  letting  out,  of  wiiat  the  lips  can  no  longer  keep  la;  i/ioii,  of 

asecret;  blurt  out,  of  passionate  feeling.  To  chal  Is  to  talk  In 
an  easy,  pleasant,  way,  not  without  sense,  hut,  without  spe- 
cial purpose;  to  prattle  is  to  talk  freely  and  artlessly,  Often 
about  triiies;  chatting  is  the  praet  ise  of  adults,  prattling  I  1 1  ■  1 1 

Of  children.  To  />m/>  is  to  talk  Mil',  ,  pre.  iimpluously,  or  fool- 
ishly, but  not  necessarily  Incoherenl  ly.  To  tabber  Is  to  utter 
a  rapid  succession  of  unintelligible  sounds,  generally  more 
noisy  than  chattering.  Tn  «»  Ip  Is  to  talk  of  petty  pel  onal 
matters,  as  for  pastime  or  mischief.  To  twaddle  Is  to  talk 
feeble  nonsense.    To  mvrnivr  Is  to  utter  suppressed  or  even 

inarticulate  sounds,  suggesting  the  notes  of  a  dove,  or  I  lie 
sound  of  a  running  stream,  and  Is  used  figuratively  of  the 


half  suppressed  utterances  of  affection  or  pity,  or  of  com- 
plaint, resentment,  etc.  Compare  speak.  —  Prep.:  Babies 
babble  for  the  moon;  the  crowd  babbles  of  a  hero;  the  sick 
man  babbles  o/home. — bab'bler,  n. 

bab'ble,  n.  The  rippling  sound  of  a  stream;  prattle; 
gossip.  [cp.  babble] 

babe,  1  beb;  2  bab,  n.    An  infant;. baby.    [Lit.  imitative; 

Ba'bel,  1  be'bel;  2  ba'bSl,  n.  1.  The  tower  described  in 
Gen.  xi,  9;  also,  Babylon.  2.  [b-  or  B-]  Hence,  confu- 
sion of  many  voices  or  languages;  tumuli  ;  also,  a  high 
structure,  or  a  visionary  project.  [  <  Heb.  Babel,  Baby- 
lon, perhaps  <  Assyrian  bCLb-ilu,  lit.  gate  of  God,  <  bib, 
gate,  +  ilu,  God]  — Ba'bel-dom,  n.  A  condition  like 
Babel;  noisy  confusion. 

Bab"sel=Man'(leb,  1  bab"«el«mSn'deb;  2  bab*»el«man'deb,  n 
1.  A  strait  between  the  lied  Sea  and  the  Arabian  (iulf.  2. 
A  cape  at  the  southwestern  extremity  of  Arabia. 

bali-00 11',   1   bab-un';  2  bab-oon',   n.     A   ferocious  Old 
World     monkey.        [    <     OF. 
babuin,  baboon.]— bab-0011'- 
ish,  a. 

ba'liu,      )    1  bS'bu;    2  ba'bu,  n. 

ba'bOO,  1  [Anglo-Ind.]  A  polite 
form  of  address,  equivalent  to 
sir  or  Mr.:  Often  applied  dis- 
paragingly to  natives  of  India 
who  affect  an  English  educal  Ion. 
[<    Hind.  bai>u.\ 

Iia'by,  1  be'bi;  2  ba'by.  I.  tit. 
[ba'bIBD;  iia'iiv  -  isc]  To 
treat  as  a  baby;  play  lightly 
with.  II.  n.  [ba'bies2,  ;//  ]  A  child  in  arm s;  an  infant, 
[Dim.  of  babb.J  baby  act.  1.  A  babyish  act,  2.  A  law 
exempting  from  responsibility  a  person  under  legal  age. 

ba'hy-dom,  n.     The   condition     or     realm     Of     Infancy. 
ba'by  •farm",   «.      A   place  when'  babies  are  received  to  be 
nursed  for  hire.      h. 'farmer,  n.      b.  farming,  n.      Iia'by- 

hoodi  a.  The  period  ol  Infancy;  the  condition  of  being  a 
baby.  —  ba'by-lsh,  a.  Childish;  Infantile.  Syn.:  see  <  iiild- 
ish.— ba  'by-Ism,  n. 


Yellow  Baboon. 


Bab)  Ion 

i.  .k. 


i  N;   Ml.  police:   ol«cv,  go;   nat.flr;  full,  rule;  bOt,  l>Orn; 

i  i  i  ',  "Oil. 


;« 


-!..    nl-  in. 
i    1 1 1  -  .1 1 1 . 


,-l-lnri 


..f  purr 
, 
!•  ii    .1 
I 

..!-,  .1      . 
!■  >.     .  Ii  ml.  Ii  ii     i  Ii.i-ii  i    II-  i.  I  . 

I,     iruiikcn  revel- 

i  i-n  i    h-  hi       I  i  if  t,r  like  bai- 

II.    I       \  I.  I,    - 

rlii-n.i   ll-411-l-in.  !■  ii  '■  Ii  ml .  h.n'ihli. 

h.icYlil-cal:. 
I.  I  of  \s  tin-: 

r  - . .  1 1  - .  ,rlni:  nr 

:  •  :ir  | 

form  ) 

.- 
■ 
•  -r..ii-.  I  i'1-Uinc 

■  "iir.| 
J. .hum    Sebastian  :."»0).      A 

mist. 

tiuli  . -h.r.  I.  \n  unmarried 

I  university  degree. 
r  •  .  hmrhfl  ir.] 

barhi -I.  r    :  I.  id  lii-lnr- .      huh  V-lnr-dum.   I 

i.  ii  h  i  -inr--  iiui'inn.  ■    1.    Anyone 
of  vai  or  flower-beads  thought  to 

li.n  In  lnr'»    hall,    a 

Ii.ii  li  •  -h.r--hlp.  I.  .  of  being  a  bachelor. 

-lor-b I  —  lor's  liner*.*. 

b  i-.  :l    111-.    .  [in-i  II.'l.I.  pi.]     A 

.   five  of  putrefaction 
•ease.     [<  I.  .  tick.]  — 

d-l.i-n.         I.  .--.lutped.     ba-cll'll-form:.    ■.'.  I '.  r- 

talaingor  ■: 

I.  ■     1.1     force  backward.    1. 

back;  uphold; 

•'l.    1  ■ .  or  ride  upon  the 

I. 
5.  ironR  faith  in 

thesucces.-  II.  rward. — bark'er,  n. 

:,sc,  especially  with  money;  a  sup- 
port. - 

i .  '.  red.    3. 

4.  ( it  a  data  earlier  than 

li  ii  k  .         1 .  the  trunk  oeai 

■  •  buttocks,  in  man 
;.nrt      'i.  Thi 
nd  away  from  the 
terror  aspect  of  any 
•  I  away  from  • 
i.  inding;  lo  the 

•  ■f  a  mil,  tlic 
ick.] 
back*)        i  •  hauled  by  a 

.' 

'«jc.  trough,  ferryboat;  ep.  Bret. 

b  m    :  back 'eat. 

link,  I .  .  :      'J.  T©  or 

3-  In.  a 
I.  olloqui- 

'•  to  a 

ir  aback.]— naek'- 

blli  ■",    I 

b  ick  'blt"cr,  ,r  slan- 

,  .' '.   Iili'lnit.       t  link 'tin. iril",  n.     Aboard 

board  li.nk': 

.  rr,  n :  firmness;  resolu- 

b  !■  k  '<  i-i  ".  I.  II.   n. 

b. <fr1end,  n.     1. 

;.  ipporter 

—  background",  ...      1.  That  part  In  a  picture  which  la. 


I.  i. 


behind  the  prlnclp  i  d  •  •!  « lilch  k 

.  (,.i  them     '!.  Ground  In  the  rear  or  distance;  a sub- 

h  u  k   hand". 

I  li  Handwriting  that  slopes  toward 

the  lefi  li.n  k  'hand  ■  d.  I,  Delivered  with  the  back 
of  the  hand,  or  with  the  band  turned  baol 

loping  to  the  left,  as  writing 
b  ii  k  iiii; .  •.     I .  Support 

■    M..U. in  bail. mil i      :i.  rhe  back  of  anything, 
.ink  i    .  placed  at  the  back  of  the  Are  In  an 

ii  n  i.  'moat'  . 
hindmost:  superlative  fi.rni      b,  rope.  \  lateral 

•  ..in  the  martingale  oJ  ■  veeaei  to  the  bow       baek'> 
-■  c    .        I 

;.  \n  eddy;  bai 
tin  i.  -i.i.    .i  •  indi  i    id. 

back 'slide,  rt.    To  return  towro  ways  or  opin- 

ions after  reforiiiatli.il  01  Oonvi 
back 'stay ",  n,    1.  Natu  importing  am 

the  nfler  side       '!.    \   --iii»jm »r I    for   vai  ;  leal   pur- 

bai  k 'stiirh".     I.    •    a  ro    bm   with  baok- 

Btltchi  ii.  I  stitch  made  by  carrying  the  thread  back 
ball  the  length  of  the  preceding  Btltch  b.  stroke,  n  \ 
blow  or  stroke  in  return:  a  backhand  back'- 

-Horii",        i.  \    word  with  only  one  sharp  edge.    8.  [Eng.] 
i     \  stick  with  a  basket  bllt,  used  In  fencing  or  in  single* 
stick  play;  also,  the  spurt  of  using  It.    (2)  One  who 

word,     b.'trtckt.n      ^  backward  Jump  In  dancing. 

l.nk'»:i"lcr,  n.      Water  set.  thrown,  or  held  back;  a  ■  ■  1 1  r - 

nnties.s  stream;  Inlet      back'n is",  n.    wild, 

settled  dJstrlota;  used  also  attributively,    back'wooda'^. 

■nail.  n.    [-Ml 

hae-ka're*.  ...'.  •      Back  I  stand  backl     bac-ca'ret. 
back'cam"mon,  1  bak'gam'en;  -  b&k'gam'on,  n.     A 
played  I •>  t  wo  \«  •■ 

a  special  board,  the  m 

t  be  pieces  being  determined  by 

dlee-thrmss.      [<    hack,  adv.,  + 


mi 


See      BAKSHISH. 


haek'slilsh,     r>. 

back  'sinesh; . 
back'ward)  1  baa/ward;  2l>"ik'- 

ward,   a.     1.    Tuned  t..  the 
back  or  rear;  reversed,    '.'.  1 1 

firinn;  bashful.     8.  Slow;  dull. 

4.  Late;  behindhand.— back '- 

ward,  udr.     1.  in  the  direction 

of   the   back;   to  the  rear;    into   Bacl  board  set 

time  past.     "'.  with  the  back  r,,r  pi, 

foremost;  In  reverse  order;   from 

better   to   worse,      back'wards;.—  back'ward-ly,   adt. — 

hack 'ward- in--, 

ba'con,  1  be/ken:  2  ba'con,  n.  1.  The  Baited  and  dried  or 
smoked  flesh  of  the  hog,  especially  the  back  and  sides. 
'..   \  rustic.    [  <  OF.  bacon,  ult.  <  V  of  back,  n.j 

Ba'con,  n.      I.  Francis,    Lord    (1501-1620).    an    English 
opher  and  i.oni  chancellor;   Novum  Organum.     2. 
Roger    1214?   1292?),  an  I  Ba-co'nl-an, 

o,  Of  or  pertaining  to  Lord  Bacon  or  his  system  of  philoso- 
phy.    Ba-con'lc;. 

bac-(c'ri-uin,  1  bak-tl'n-um;  2  b&e-tC'ri-Jim,  >i.  [bac- 
Tt'ni-A.  pi.]  One  of  numerous  widely  distributed  micro- 
scopic  organisms,  rod«ehaped  •  wlike,  some 

benefio  nt,  others  harmful.  They  enter  into  all  ptitre- 
f:lei  i .  been  idenl  ified  astbi  i 

various  diaeases.  [N*I,.,  <  Gr.  bakt&rion,  <  b 
stick,  staff.)  — bac-te'rl-al,  a. — bac-te'rl-clde,  n.  An 
agent  destructive  of  bacteria.  [+  L.  cxdo,  kill.— bac- 
te'rl-cl"dal,  a. — bac-te'rln,  n.  A  bacterial  vaccine,  bac- 
te'rlne;.  Iiac-tc'rl-old,  a.  &  n.  bac'te-roldt.  — bac- 
te"rl-o-log'l-cal,<i .  —  bac-te"rl-ol'o-Klst,  n.  —  bac-tc"rl- 
ol'o-K>,  «     The  branch  of  biology  that  deals  with  bacteria. 

lt.u  Mrl-.i,  ]  bak'tn-a;  2  bac'trl-o,  n.  A  province  of  the  an- 
cient Persian  empire.  -Bac'trl-an,  a.  &  n. 

bad,  1  bad;  2  bad.    I.  a.    [worse;  worsi  ]    Opposite  to 

good  m  any  n.arm.r  or  rju  :■'•  I        (1)  Di   agn  I  able;  un- 
nt  ;  injurious.    (2)  \  tciou  :  ■■■■  li  k<  d      [3)1 
deficient.     !ii    incorrect.     (5)   01   little  or  no  value; 
worthless;    unprofitable.      (6)    Hurtful;    noxious.      (7) 
Trouble., ,,  inlortunate. 

Syn.:  abandoned,  abominable,  baleful,  baneful,  base,  cor- 
rupt, corrupting,  decayed,  decuylnij,  deceitful,  deceptive, 
defective,  deleterious,  depraved,  detrimental,  dishonest,  evil, 

'  pul,  fraudulent,  bard,  hurtful.  Ill,  Immoral,  Imperfect, 

;..  -lent,  inferior,  Injurious,  mean,  mischievous,  naughty, 
noxious,  pernicious,  poor,  putrid,  rascally,  rotten,  sad,  sad- 
dening,  scurvy,   serious,   severe,   shabby,   sinful,   sorrow  fill, 

unfair,  unfortunate,  unhappy,  unlucky,  unprlnclpli  d 
untrue,  untrustworthy.unwelcom  ome,  unworthy, 

villainous,  vile,  wicked,  worthless,  wretched  This  list  might 
be  Indefinitely  extended  Bad  Is  the  opposite  of  good  In  any 
one  of  Its  many  senses,  and  almost  any  negative  adjective  In 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    10  =  teud;    tftain;    go;    13  =  sing;    Chin,   this. 
71        2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


Babylon 
bake 


[B-  or  b-] 


the  language  may  be  in  some  connection  a  synonym  of  bad. 
See  hard;  immoral;  pernicious. — Ant.:  see  synonyms  for 

GOOD. 

II.  n.  1.  That  which  is  bad;  those  who  are  bad,  taken 
collectively.  2.  A  bad  state  or  condition.  [ME.  bad, 
badde,  bad,  evil]    baddet.— bad'ly,  adv.— bad'ness,  n. 

Ba"da-joz',  1  ba"da-hofh';  2  ba"da-hoth',  n.  A  city  of  south- 
western Spain;  pop.  33,000;  besieged,  1808,  1811,  1812. 

bade,  1  bad;  2  bad,  imp.  of  bid,  v. 

Ba'den,  1  bu'den;  2  bii'den,  n.  A  grand  duchy  (5,823  sq.  m.; 
pop.  2,143,000)  and  city  (pop.  22,000),  Germany. 

badge,  1  baj;  2  badg,  n.  A  token,  mark,  or  decoration. 
[  <  LL.  baga,  ring,  collar.]    Syn.:  see  mark. — badge,  vt. 

badg'er,  1  baj'sr;  2  badg'er,  vt.  To  worry  or  persecute 
persistently;  bait. 

badg'er,  n.     A  small,  burrowing,  nocturnal,  and  carnivo- 
rous mammal.  [  <  ME.  bageard, 
<  bage,  E,  badge,  from  its  stripes.]  j/&& 

ba"di"nage',     1     ba"dT"nd;>';     2  JHF 
ba"di"nazh',  n.  Playful  raillery ;  4^ 
banter.     [F.] 

Syn.:  see  banter;   ridicule. —  Badger. 

ba"di"nage',  vt. 

Bad  '111  in- ton,  1  bad'min-ten;  2  bad'min-ton,  n. 
A  game  played  with  shuttlecocks  over  a  narrow  net. 

Bae'de-ker,  1  be'da-kar;  2  ba'de-ker,  Karl  (1801-1859).  A 
German  publisher  of  guide«books. 

baft",  1  baf;  2  baf,  n.    [Scot.]    A  stroke;  blow 

Baf'fln,  1  baf'in;  2  baf'in,  William  (1584-1622).  An  En- 
glish Arctic  explorer. — Baffin  =Land",  n.  An  island  of 
British  North  America. — B.  Sea,  a  sea  (800  m.  by  400  m.) 
W.  of  Greenland. 

baf 'fie,  )  1  baf'l;  2  baf'l,  vt.     [baf'fled,  bap'ldp;  baf'- 

baf 'lp,  )  fling.]  I.  t.  1.  To  defeat  the  designs  or  efforts  of 
by  interposing  obstacles;  foil  or  frustrate;  circumvent. 
'2f.  To  impose  on;  cheat.  3t.  To  subject  to  public  dis- 
grace, as  a  recreant  knight.  II.  i.  To  beat  about  vain- 
ly; deceive.     [  <  OF.  bejfler,  beffer,  baffle.] 

Syn.:  balk,  circumvent,  defeat,  foil,  frustrate,  outgeneral, 
outmaneuver,  outwit,  thwart.  All  the  other  words  of  this 
list  imply  defeat  by  something  less  than  direct  resistance. 
A  plan,  a  scheme,  or  an  opponent  may  be  baffled  by  any  arti- 
fice sufficient  to  prevent  success,  as  hounds  are  baffled  by  the 
shrewd  doublings  of  a  fox  or  hare.  One  who  is  baffled  is  held 
*or  left  in  perplexity — at  a  loss. 

He  heard  the  baffled  dogs  In  vain 
Roar  through  the  hollow  pass  amain. 

Scott  Lady  of  the  Lake,  can.  i,  st.  8, 1.  19. 
Baffling  winds  shift  with  such  frequency  and  uncertainty  as 
to  make  it  impossible  for  a  ship  to  hold  a  steady  course.  An 
attempt  is  foiled  which  is  made  to  miss  its  mark  by  some 
craft  or  skill  of  an  opponent.  An  attempt  is  frustrated  (L. 
frustra,  in  vain)  which  is  made  vain  by  any  means,  with  or 
without  design;  as,  the  attempt  at  surprize  was  frustrated  by 
the  accidental  discharge  of  a  gun.  An  undertaking,  move- 
ment, etc.,  is  balked  (from  AS.  balca,  a  heap,  a  ridge  of  un- 
plowed  land)  which  is  effectually  stopped  by  some  obstacle, 
without  active  opposition.  To  thwart  (from  Ice.  thvert, 
across)  is  to  iefeat  by  some  force  or  action  coming  across  the 
path;  as,  to  thwart  an  intended  movement  of  the  enemy  by  a 
counter-attack.  To  circumvent  (L.  circum,  around,  +  venio, 
come)  is  to  gain  an  advantage  by  passing  around;  in  familiar 
English,  "to  get  round"  a  person  or  a  scheme.  Compare 
conquer;  hinder. — Ant.:  abet,  advance,  aid,  assist,  encour- 
age, help,  promote,  prosper. — baf'fle-ment,  n. 

bag,  1  bag;  2  bag,  v.    [bagged,  bagdp;  bag'ginq.]    I.  t. 

1.  To  put  into  a  bag  or  bags;  capture  or  kill,  as  game. 

2.  To  fill  out  like  a  bag.  II.  i.  To  resemble  a  bag; 
swell;  bulge;  sag. 

bag,  n.  1.  A  sack  or  pouch;  the  udder  of  a  cow.  2.  What 
a  bag  will  hold.  3.  The  amount  of  game  bagged.  [  < 
Ice.  bagqi,  bag.] — bag'gy,  a.    Like  a  bag;  loose;  bulging. 

ba-gasse',  1  ba-gas';  2  ba-gas',  n.  The  dry  refuse  of  sugar* 
cane  after  the  juice  has  been  expressed;  also,  similar  refuse 
from  other  sources.  [  <  Sp.  bagazo;  var.  of  bagage,  bag- 
gage1.]    ba-gass't;   ba-ga'zol;    bc-gass'l;   be-gasse't. 

bag"a-tel(le"',  1  bag*8-tel';  2  bag"a-tel',  n.  1.  A  trifle. 
'I.  Games.  A  modification  of  billiards.    [F.] 

Bag-dad',  1  bag-dad';  2  bag'dad',  n.  1.  Vilayet  (54,540  sq. 
m.;  pop.  900,000),  Turkey  In  Asia.  2.  Its  capital  city  (pop. 
200,000);  captured  by  British,  March  11,  1917. 

bag'gage,  1  bag'ij;  2  bag'ag,  n.    1.  [U.  8.]  The  trunks, 

Sackages,  etc.,  of  a  traveler.     Called  luggage  in  Great 
ritain.    2.  An  army's  movable  equipment.    3.  [Colloq. 
or  Humorous.]  (1)  A  pert  or  wilful  young  woman;  a 
flirt.     (2)  A  disreputable  woman.    [  <  OF.  bagw,  1  >ai  I    | 
bag'ging,  1  bag'in;  2  bag'ing,  n.     1.  The  putting  into 

bags.     2.  A  coarse  material  for  making  bags. 
bag'man,  1  bag'man;  2  bag'man,  n.  [-men,  pi.],  [Eng.]  A  com- 
mercial traveler;  drummer. 
bagji'io,    I  baaya;  2  b&a'yo,  n.     I..  A,  brothel,    2*  A. 


Scotch  Bagpipe. 


bath«house;  a  bath.  3.  In  Turkey,  a  prison.  [<  It. 
bagno,  <  L.  balneum,  bath,  <  Gr.  balaneion,  <  balaneud, 
bathe.] 

bag 'pipe,  1  bag'paip;  2  bafpip,  n.     A  Scotch  musical 
wind=instrument     in     which      the 
reeds  are  supplied  with  air  directly 
from  a  bag  under  the  player's  arm. 
— bag'pip"er,  n. 

B.  Agr.,  abbr.    Bachelor  of  Agriculture. 

bab,  1  bd;  2  ba,  inter j.  Pooh!  non- 
sense! 

Bah.,  abbr.    Bahama  Islands. 

Ba-ha'ma,  1  ba-he'ma;  2  ba-ha'ma. 
1.  Channel.  Channel  between  Flor- 
ida and  Bahama  Islands.  2.  Islands. 
Group  in  British  West  Indies;  4,403 
sq.  m.;  pop.  56,000. 

Bah-i'a,  1  ba-I'a;  2  ba-i'a,  n.  A  state 
(164.643  sq.  m.;  pop.  2,287,000),  and 
city  (pop.  290,000),  in  Brazil. 

Bai'ae,  1  bai'i;  2  bi'e,  n.  An  ancient 
Roman  city  and  watering=place,  10 
m.  west  of  Naples. 

Bai'kal,  1  bal'kal;  2  bi'kal,  n.  A  lake  in  S.  Siberia,  third 
largest  (13.4S7  sq.  m.)  in  Asia. 

bail1,  1  bel;  2  bal,  vt.  1.  To  admit  to  bail;  set  free  on  se- 
curity for  appearance  at  a  future  day;  also,  to  become 
surety  for.  2.  To  deliver  (goods)  to  another  in  trust. 
[<  L.of  bajulo,  bear  a  burden.]  balet;  baylt.  — ball'a- 
bl(ep,a.  Admitting  of  bail.  —  bail'  =  bond",  n.  The  instru- 
ment executed  by  a  person  as  surety  for  another's  appear- 
ance for  trial. — bail-ee',  n.  One  who  receives  certain  per- 
sonal property  in  trust. — bail'ment,  n. — bails'man,  n. 
[-men,  pi.] 

bail2,  vt.    To  provide  with  a  bail  or  handle. 

bail3,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  dip  out,  as  water.  2.  To  clear  of 
water  by  dipping  it  out. 

bail1,  n.  Law.  1.  One  who  becomes  surety  for  the  debt  or 
default  of  another.  2.  The  security  or  guaranty  given 
or  agreed  upon.  3.  Release,  or  the  privilege  of  release, 
on  bail.    Syn.:  see  security. 

bail2,  n.  The  handle  of  a  pail  or  like  vessel;  an  arch= 
shaped  support.    [ME.  baylc.] 

bail3,  n.  1.  A  division  between  the  stalls  of  a  stable.  2. 
Cricket.  One  of  the  crosspieces  of  the  wicket.  [OF., 
prob.  <  L.  baculum,  stick.]  [tub.] 

bail1,  n.    A  scoop,  or  the  like,  for  bailing.    [<  LL.F  baca, 

bai'ley1, 1  be'li;  2  ba'ly,  n.  The  outer  court  of  a  castle,  or 
any  court  of  a  fortress.  [<  bail3,  n.]  bai'Iiet;  bail'- 
leyj.— Old  Bailey,  the  Central  Criminal  Court  in  London: 
often  mistaken  for  a  prison  from  its  being  adjacent  to  New- 
gate Prison. 

Bai'ley2,  Nathan   (        -1742).     An  English  lexicographer. 

bai'lie,  1  be'li;  2  bft'li,  n.  1.  [Scot.]  (1)  A  municipal  officer 
like  an  alderman  in  England.  (2)t  A  magistrate  who  for- 
merly had  functions  somewhat  like  those  of  a  sheriff.  2f. 
A  bailiff.  [<  OF.  bailli,  bailif;  see  bailiff.]  bail 'lief; 
bai'lyt;  baye'lyf. 

bai'lifff,  1  be'hf;  2  ba'lif,  n.  1.  An  officer  of  a  court;  a 
sheriff's  deputy.  2.  A  steward;  overseer.  3.  A  subor- 
dinate local  magistrate.  [  <  LL.OF  bajulus,  guardian.] 

bai'li-wick,  1  be'h-wik;  2  ba'li-wik,  n.  The  oilice,  juris- 
diction, or  district  of  a  bailiff. 

bail 'or,  1  bel'ar  or  -or;  2  bal'or,  n.  One  who  makes  a  bail- 
ment,    bail'cr   . 

Bain'bridge,  1  ben'brij;  2  ban'bridg,  William  (1774-1833). 
An  American  commodore. 

Bal-reuth',  1  bal-roit';  2  bl-r6it',  n.  A  city  (pop.  34,500)  of 
N.  Bavaria;  Wagner  festivals.     Bay-reutb't. 

bairn,  1  barn;  2  barn,  n.  [Scot.]  A  child.  [<  AS.  beam, 
child.] 

bait1,1,  1  bet;  2  bat,  v.  I.  I.  1.  To  put  a  bait  on  or  in.  2. 
To  feed  while  resting.  3.  To  torment,  as  by  set  ting  dogn 
upon;  harass;  worry.  4t«  To  allure  with  bait.  II.  i.  To 
stop  for  rest  and  refreshment;  also,  to  feed.  [<  Ice. 
beita,  make  to  bite,  <  blta,  bite.]  —  balt'cr,  n.  One  who 
baits  or  torments.  [see  batter1,  s.]    batet. 

balt2'i,  vt.  Falconry.  To  flap  the  wings;  hover.     |  <  F.  battre; 

bait,  n.  1.  Any  tiling  used  to  allure  a  fish  or  other  animal ; 
used  also  figuratively.     2.  A  luncheon,  as  on  a  journey. 

balth,  1  befh;  2  bath,  a.,  pron.,&conj.  [Scot.  &  Frov.  Eug.] 
Both. 

baiz(e'',  1  bSz;  2  baz,  n.  A  napped  woolen  fabric  used  for 
tablc«covers,  etc.    [<  OF.  Sinifflt  baiie.] 

bake,  1  bek;  2  bak,  i).     [makio;  BAK'EN    |  BAK'iNG.]     I.  t . 

I.  To  cook  by  dry  and  continued  heat:  vitrify  by  heat, 

BS  bricks.     2||.  To  harden,  :is  by  cold.     8f-  To  cake. 

II.  i.  1.  To  do  the  work  of  baking.  2.  To  become  cooked 
or  hardened  by  heat.     [<  AS.  bacan,  bake.]  —  bakc'- 

\     boiise"^  n..— hake'ineat"!!..  n      Bakejl  foo<i.,  nsyiw-iallu  ». 


kakl  1    <i  .1  a        I  Bffjr,    lilt.  I       i  •■  ift:    not.  Or;    full.rflle:    Lilt.  I.ftrn; 

tt.mir  I'.irk,  i         i      I        »  »     i  •  iii  i  ....    Or.wftn,    72 


m<*:  b 


K*-ku    . 

H.I   .  Halu.  Ii .. 

Bji   Ujimi. 

BaU-l! 


h  il     in.  I 


I. 


I 

Mr  -s  mill.  I  H  till.-     IS: 

I 

h  ii  i.  - 
iii-h 

-i 

b  «i  . 

v  II         v   prophet,  :ni 

\  \  Mage  in 

■ 

..... 
.  ..r  k.  op  in  equilibrium 


an 
bal  a  lire 


Pharmacists'  Balance. 

p<  p* 


.'.  3.    I 

I.  :-||    111    til.' 

.'.-  ii | >•  .ii ;   pon- 

II.        1.  To  I"-  in 

:  in. .  to  and  fro,    4. 

debits  and  credits. — bal'- 

l.l   .     .  I.il    in.  -.  r. 

I  an  instrument  for  weigh- 

the  plural. 

eall 

!. 

:i  tally 

'. 

4. 

ty    be- 

■   I 

•'•-  rheel.     6.  An  instrument 

by   opposing 

lly   gravity.     7.    ' 

8.  [B-] 

-  I  I.I.I.  \1  [ON.      [F.,    < 
'<(-  (see  D1-)  4-  tons,  dish.] 

aahinrr  ol  power.   I.  A  si  ■•••  ol  affalni  among  a  com- 
munity of  nation."  e  nation  nor  a  few  In 

••  ■  ol  power  thai 

endanger!  lie    .:•'!•  i»inl<'  i.,-.-  or  ii..-  Inlluencc  of  any  other. 

■  lag  community,  the  power 

if  i  ones  and 

crea'-  b.  of  trade,  the  difference 

h.ll  '- 

an<  •  In   tabular  form   > 

isvu  arni  Uablllt  b.  wheel,  ./     The 

oeci!  .  ■  -.  which  deter- 

to  ~ t rik.  a  ii.   '  urn.),  to  Bad  the  difference 
•■pen  debits  a:  . 
Ilil-i...    i.  \.i-..i  \uiiez  de  (1475?- 

r  of  Pacific  ocean  (1513;. 
Bal-hrlg'e  an. 

I.  il  ■  ■  .-ii  v .   .  -      pi.]     A 

•"  fore  a  window;  a 
•  public  building.    [  <  It. 


b.hl.  . 


ii'-  of  liair  or  other  natural 
I,     <     ii.M.i.',    n.]  — 
bald 'head".  I. 

riean  fruit-crow    S.  A  breed 
i  I.,  beaded, 

bald  |. .ii>  ".  i .    \  baloVheaded 

per-'-        -  I.  1.1  A  whlte»crowned 

-,  —  b.'pate.        ii    [i.ii.-ii,  ■      baldly, adv.  -hald'- 

ii.  -  - . 

bal'da-chln.  I  n,  r».     A  canopy  of 

i  <  it 
rhino,  canopy.  <  Baldaet  dad,  where  the 

■■as  made.)     bal"da-rlil'no: ;  halM  i-i|iiln    . 
Bal'der.  SbaKder,  n.   Norte  Myth.  The  son  of  Odin 

Bal'drf. 
bal'der-dash,    1   bol'dar-  n.     An 

la.    [  <  Dan 
notoe, 
bal  'drlc,  1  bul'tlni;  2  bal'drlc,  n.    A  belt,  usually  worn  over 


houltlrr  and  ncrum  i  he  bn  rt  a  sword. 

bush  bal  .in.  i.  .  ban  .in.  [bale. 

bale,  l  |n\i  1 1.;  n m  is..  1    To  make  into  a 

bale1,  ■  ..i  ImiII.n  g la,  corded  oi  othi  >  a i  • 

u  ipoi  tation.     I  ■      II"'    bold,  round 
bund  . 
bale' I .  IB  bealu, 

evil,  bale Tul,  Hurtful;  malign;  mallg- 

li mi  BAD        b.ilc'lul-l>  ,  hair  - 

flll-n<  — . 

Bile,  i  ..        , 

B  .1  •    irie  ivii-s.  L  bal'i  ■  •  i.      Mediterranean 

ip;  Spanish  |iru\  In.  ■  830,000) 

ba-leen',  1  i...  inr.  2  ba-MSn',  n     Whalebone     I-    V.  baleine, 
i  Oi  ba-leen '  knife",  n. 

a  ourvod  doublchandled  knit.-  tor  apllttlng  «  halebone 

bale'    fire",   1    I..  I  .fa  fire;  a  I. ear. HI. 

ii.  iii.-.  i  i  .it    >  half,  Michael  William  (1808   1870      In  Irish 

musician  and  composer;  Bohemian  mri 
Bal  Tour,  1  bal'fQr  or  -fur;  g  bal'hjr  or  -fur,  Arthur  lames. 

(1848       i.    A  British  statesman;  Prime  Minister  100! ■ 

Ha  M-..I.  SI,  n      I.  John  de     I  249    1816), 

king  of  Scotland;  rival  of  Bruce    (.Edward  (       1303),  son 

of  John;  king  ol  Scotland     li.tl'll-ol;. 
ita-ii/e'.  •:     Same  as  Bi  i  i/.i  .    Bee  British  Hondi  hah. 
balk',      i  I.I     I.  To  render  unsuccessful; 

ii.nilk.  j  thwart;  frustrate     "*.  To  heap  up  into  a  bulk  m 

ridge;  also,  to  make  a  ridge  in.    3 1.  To  avoid;  omit,    II. 
p  -.hurt  and  r.  in-.-  to  proceed. 
Syn..-  see  baj  ru  .  himuh     balk'y,  a.    Disposed  to  balk. 

Syn.:  ,-...  ici  --i  i\  I . 
balk,    ,  •      l.  Thai  which  Walk*  or  hinders;  an  obstacle; 
baulk,  J  hindrance;  defeat,     2.  A   failure  to  accomplish 
purpose;  miss;  blunder.    3.  Athletii   .    \  feint  or 

false  motion.    4.   Aaric     \  ridge  left  unplowed  between 

furrows.    5.  A  squared  beam  or  timber.    [<AS.  balca, 

heap,  beam  |     Syn.:  see  ERROR. 

Hal- kan ',  i  boi-kdn' or bel'ken: 2 bal-kan' or bal'kan, a  Pei 
talning  to  the  peninsula  south  ol  the  Danube,  lying  between 
the    Adriatic,    Egean,  and   Blacl  Balkan  Moun- 

tains, a  range  In  8  Europe,  westward  from  Black  Ben 
Bal-kash ',  I  bal  I  Si  h';  2  bal-kash',  n.    A  salt  lake  in  Kirghiz 

Btcpp  5,400 sq  in. 

hull,  1  bel;  2  I > .- 1 1 .  vl.  &  ri.    Ti>  f..nn  into  a  ball;  form  halls 

upon,  as  .if  snow  on  the  f « »< ►  t . 
ball  .   ..    1.  Any  globular  nr  spherical  body,    2.  A 
played  with  a  ball,  especially  baseball.    3.  Any  projec- 
tile larger  than  a  small  shot.    [<  M  1 1  < ;  " '  baue,  bal,  a 
Bpherical  body.]    bait- 
ball  .  ..      An  evening  assembly  for  dancing.    [<  Gr.  LL+r 

■     battO,  throw. | 

ballad,  1  baled;  2  bal'ad,  ».  1.  Any  popular  narrative 
poem.  'J.  A  simple  popular  s.mii;  also,  a  sentimental 
compi  .  > - r .- 1 1  -i:iii/.:is,  in  which  the  melody  is 

usual];  repeated.  [<  P.  ballade,  danclng^ong.]  bal 'lad  = 
in  on  "ner,  n.   One  who  deals  In  or  makes  ballads;  s  poetaster. 

ballast,]  bal'sst;  2  bal'ast.  I*,  rt.  1.  To  provide  or  fill 
with  ballast.  2.  To  steady,  as  if  with  ballast.  3  i .  I  o 
w.-ii/li  down.  II.  n.  1.  Any  heavy  substance,  a>  sand, 
etc  ,  laid  in  the  hold  of  a  vessel  or  in  the  <-ar  of  a  balloon 
to  steady  it.  'J.  Gravel  or  broken  stone  for  a  railroad* 
bed.  3.  That  which  gives  stability  to  character.  (1)., 
in    'backidoad.'] 

bal"lft',  1  luVlr';  2  bale/,  ».  A  dance  by  women  on  the 
thi    ballet  dancers  of  any  theater,  collectively. 

!  1    .  dim.  Of  '"'I:  see  BALL*,  tl.] 

bal-lls'ta.  l  ba-Us'te;2ba-ll8'ta,n.    [-t.e,  1  -u;  2  -to.  pi.]   An 
i  -.-.i  in  ancient  and  me- 
dieval  warfare    for   liurliiiL;   mi-- 

|i..,  <  c;r.  battO,  throw, 
bal-lls'iie,  ii.     Pertalnln  •  to 
the  balliata  or  to  p 
bal-lls'Iles,     n.        The  science, 
etc.,  of  projectiles. 
bal-loon',  l  ba-lun';  2b&-loon', 
\  bag,  inflated  wit! 
lighter    than    air,    thai 
;md     float -i     in    the     air.      S<  e 

illus.  on  next  page.     [<  H   bal- 

i  HG,  bal;  see  BALL1, 
n.l — bal-loon',  ri.  1.  To  ascend 
or  voyage  In  a  balloon,  'i.  To 
swell  out  like  a  balloon.— bal-loon '1st,  n.  An  aeronaut. 
bal 'lot,  1  bal'at;2  bftl'ot.  Id.  vi.  1.  To  cast  a  ballot;  vote 
by  ballot,  2.  To  draw  lots.  II.  n.  1.  A  written  or 
printed  vote  or  ticket;  a  little  ball.  2.  The  act  or  sys- 
tem of  voting  secretly  by  balls  or  tickets;  also,  the  whole 
number  of  t.    [<  F.  bailout,  little  ball.]  — 

bal'lot=bot",  n.     \  perture  for  receiving 

ballots,  ballot-log,  «  1.  The  act  or  process  of  casting  a 
ballot;  a  von.    'i.  BelectlpO  by  lot;  the  drawing  ol  lots. 


Two  Forms  of  Balllsta. 

1.  JledlcBl.     1,  Cluitul. 


1: 8=  final;    I  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  fcud;    tfhin;    go;    0  =  sino;    fhin,   this. 
73     2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


bake 
Banff  Park 


bal'lowt,  re.    A  cudgel;  walking-stick.  [dancing. 

ball 'room",  1  beTrum";  2  barroom",  re.    A  room  for  balls  or 


Zeppelin  Dir 

Ball's  Bluff,  1  bolz;  2  bals..  A  bluff  on  the  Potomac  river,  Vir- 
ginia, where  the  Confederates  defeated  the  Federal  troops, 
Oct.  21,  1861. 

balm,  1  bam;  2  bam.  I.  vt.  To  anoint  with  or  as  with 
balm.  II.  n.  1.  A  soothing  application;  anything  that 
soothes  or  heals.  3.  An  aromatic  resinous  exudation 
from  various  trees  or  shrubs;  balsam;  also,  a  tree  or 
shrub  that  yields  balm;  any  one  of  various  aromatic 
plants.  [  <  L.OF  balsamum;  see  balsam,  re.] — balm'* 
crlck"et,  n.  A  European  cicada  (Cicada  orni). — balm  of 
Gilead,  any  of  several  Oriental  evergreen  trees  of  the  myrrh 
family,  or  the  exudation  obtained  from  them. — halm '.v.  a. 
1.  Fragrant;  aromatic.  2.  Healing;  soothing;  mild.  Syn.: 
see  bland. — balm'1-ly,  adv. — balm'1-ness,  n. 

Bal-mor'al,  1  bal-mer'al;2  bal-mor'al,  n.  1.  A  striped  woolen 
stuff,  heavy  and  durable,  or  a  petticoat  made  of  such  mate- 
rial. 2.  A  laced  walking=shoe.  3.  A  kind  of  Scotch  cap.  [  < 
Balmoral,  Scotland.] 

Bal-mor'al  Castle,  1  bal-mor'al;  2  bal-mor'al.  A  royal  resi- 
dence, Aberdeenshire,  Scotland. 

bal'sam,  1  bel'sam;  2  bal'sam,  n.  1.  An  aromatic,  oily 
preparation  used  for  healing;  a  fragrant  ointment; 
balm.  2.  An  aromatic  resin  or  the  tree  that  yields  it; 
also,  a  flowering  plant.  [<  L.  balsamum,  <  Gr.  6a/- 
samon,  balsam»tree.]  bal'sa-mumf. — bal'sam,  rt. — bal"- 
sa-me-a'ceous,  a.— bal-sam'Ic,  a.  &  re.    bal-sam'i-calj. 

Bait.,  15al(<>.,  abbr.    Baltimore. 

Bal-tha'zar,  1  bal-fhe'zar;  2  bal-tha'sar,  re.  One  of  several 
characters  in  Shakespeare's  plays. 

Bal'tlc  Sea,  1  bel'tik;  2  bal'tic.  A  sea  enclosed  by  Russia, 
Germany,  Denmark,  and  Sweden. 

Bal'ti-more,  1  bfil'ti-mor;  2  bal'ti-mor,  re.  A  city  in  Mary- 
land (pop.  558,000) :  named  for  Lord  Baltimore  (Cecil  Cal- 
vert, 1580-1632),  founder  of  Maryland. 

Ba-lu"ehi-stan',  1  ba-hT'Chi-stan';  2  ba-Iu"chi-stan',  n.  A 
country  in  S.  Asia  (134,638  sq.  m.;  pop.  835.000). 

bal'us-ter,  1  bal'us-ter;  2  bal'us-ter,  re.  One  of  a  set  of 
small  pillars  that  support  a  hand=rail  and  form  with  the 
hand»rail  a  balustrade.  [<  It.F  balaustro,  <  balaustra, 
wild-pomegranate  flower.] — bal"us-tra<lc',  n.  A  hand-raii 
supported  bv  balusters. 

Bal"zaC,  1  bal'zak';  2  bal"zac',  Honore  de  (1799-1850).  A 
French  realistic  novelist. 

bam-bl'no,  1  bam-bi'no;  2  bam-bi'no.  n.  f-Ni,  1  -ni;  2  -ni.  pi.] 
A  little  child;  especially,  a  figure  of  the  child  Jesus  repre- 
sented as  in  a  manger  or  crib.    [It^  (imitative) .] 

bam-boo',  1  bam-bu';  2  bam-boo',  n.    A  tall  tree=like  or 
shrubby    grass,     its    stem, 
wood,  leaf,  or  fiber,  or  any 
article  made  from  it.     [  < 
Malay  bambu.] 

bam-boo'zjc,  1  bam-bu'zl;  2  ' 
bam-boo' zl,  r.  [-ZL ed; 
-zlino.]  [Colloq.]  I.  I.  To 
impose  upon;  mislead;  hoax;  ! 
cheat;  perplex.  II.  i.  To  *fir£ 
practise  trickery  or  deception.  w*, 
[Invented  slang.]  —  bam-  ■  ^,-f. 
boo'zle-mont,  n.  —  bam-  -> 
boo'zlcr,  re.  ">' 

ban,  1  ban;  2  b  S  n  ,  v. 
[banned;  ban'ning.]  I.  (. 
1.  To  place  under  a  ban; 
anathematize;  interdict. 
2f.  Feudal  Law.  To  call 
out  by  proclamation;  sum- 
mon. II  i.  To  utter  a 
curse;  issue  a  ban.  Syn.:  see 
BANISH. 

ban',  n.  1.  A  proclamation  or 
edict;  especially,  an  edict 
of  interdiction,  as  a  sentence  of  outlawry;  any  authori- 
tative prohibition  or  interdiction.  'J.  Excommunica- 
tion; hence,  any  oath  or  curse,    '-i.  Law,  An  official  proc- 


-  Utitit* 


'~*v 


Bamboo. 

,      .-.111.11    ..I    tti.      .I. in   ;it    ll 


lamation.  (1)  pi.  An  announcement  of  intention  to 
marry.  (2)  A  calling  to  arms  as  by  a  feudal  lord.  4. 
The  military  forces  summoned  by  sovereign  or  govern- 
ment, as  in  France  and  Germany.  [<  AS.  (ge)ban, 
proclamation,  edict.] 

ban-,  re.  A  fine  muslin  made  in  the  East  Indies,  from  the  fiber 
of  the  banana  leafstalk. 

ba'nal,  1  be'nal;2  ba'nal,  a.  [F.]  Meaningless  from  overuse; 
commonplace;  trivial.  —  ba-nal'i-ty,  re. 

ba-nan'a,  1  ba-nan'a;  2  ba-nan'a,  n.  The  fruit  of  a  largo 
herbaceous  tropical  plant;  also,  the  plant:  banana » 
plant.    [Sp.,  <  native  Guinea  name.] 

ban'ca,  1  bfln'ka;  2  ban'ca,  re.    [P.  I.]    A  dugout. 

Ban'ca2,  1  ban'ka;  2  ban'ca,  n.  An  island  in  the  Dutch  East 
Indies;  noted  for  tin-mines;  4,446  sq.  m. 

Ban'crort,  1  ban'kreft;2  ban' croft,  George  (1800-1891).  An 
American  historian;  History  of  the  U.  S. 

band'1,  1  band;  2  band,  j).  1. t.  1.  To  unite  in  a  league  or 
company.  2.  To  bind  or  tie  with  a  band.  ,1.  To  mark 
with  a  stripe.    II.  i.    To  \inite  together;  confederate. 

band1,  n.  That  which  binds,  ties,  or  unites;  a  bond.  [ME. 
band,  <  V  of  AS.  bindan,  bind;  cp.  band2,  band3.] 

band2,  re.  1.  A  flat  flexible  strip  of  any  material  used  for 
binding.  2.  Any  flexible  strip  used  as  an  article  of  dress. 
3.  pi.  A  pair  of  linen  strips  hanging  from  the  front  of  the 
neck,  worn  with  certain  clerical  or  academical  garments: 
formerly  in  the  singular.  Geneva  bandi.  4.  Any  broad 
strip,  of  special  color,  direction,  temperature,  etc.  [  < 
OF.  bande,  <OHG.  binda,  band,  tie,  <  bintan,  bind.] — 
band'y1,  a. 

band3,  n.  1.  A  company  of  persons  associated,  organ- 
ized, or  bound  together,  especially  a  company  of  persons 
organized  to  play  musical  instruments.  2.  A  drove  of 
moving  animals,  as  of 'horses,  sheep,  etc.:  usually  with 
the  herdsmen  and  other  accompanying  persons.  [  <  F. 
bande,  <  OHG.  bant,  bond,  <  V  of  bintan,  bind.] 

band'age,  1  band'ij;  2  band'ag.  I.  vt.  [-aged;  -ag-ing.] 
To  bind  or  cover  with  a  bandage.  II.  n.  A  strip,  usu- 
ally of  soft  cloth,  used  in  dressing  wounds,  etc.;  any 
band.    [F.,  <  bande,  band.] 

ban-dan 'na,  1  ban-dan'a;  2  ban-dan'a,  n.  A  large  bright' 
colored  handkerchief  with  spots  or  figures.  [  <  Hind,  bandh- 
nu,  mode  of  dyeing,  <  bandh,  tie.]    han-daii  'a! . 

band 'box",  1  band'boks";  2  band'boks",  n.  A  light  round 
or  oval  box,  for  carrying  hats.  caps,  bonnets,  etc. 

ban-deau',1  ban-do';  2  ban-do',  n.  [-deaux',  1  -doz';  2-doz', 
pi.]    A  narrow  band;  fillet;  bandage.    [F.,  dim.  of  bande;  see 

BAND2.] 

band  'er,  1  band'ar;  2  band'er,  n.  One  who  belongs  to  a  band 
or  league. 

ban 'de-role,  1  ban'da-rol;  2  biin'de-rol,  n.  A  small  flag,  pen- 
nant, or  streamer,  as  at  the  end  of  a  lance,  etc.  [F.,  ult.  < 
LL.  bandcria,  banner.] 

ban'dl-coot,  1  ban'di-kiit;  2  ban'di-cdot,  re.  1.  A  large  rat 
(Mus  or  Nesokta  bandicota)  of  India,  often  over  a  foot  in 
length.  2.  A  rat-like  marsupial  of  Australia,  etc.  [Prob.  < 
Telugu  pandhkukku,  pig-rat.] 

ban'dit,  1  ban'dit;  2  ban'dit,  n.  [ban'dits  or  ban-dtt'ti, 
pi.]  A  highwayman;  brigand.  [<  It.  bandito,  pp.,  < 
LL.  bandio,  bannin,  banish.]     Syn.:  see  robber. 

ban 'dog",  1  ban'dog";  2  ban'dog",  n.  A  large  fierce  dog,  com- 
monly kept,  chained.     [<  BAND1,?!.,   +  DOO.) 

ban"do-leer',  /  1  ban"do-lir';2  ban"do-lcr',  re.    Mil.    Abroad 

ban"do-ller\  S  band,  usually  of  leather,  with  loops  for  hold- 
ing cartridges,  worn  over'the  shoulder.  f<  F.  bandoulUre, 
<  It.  bandoliera,  <  banda,  =  F;  bande;  see  band',  n.] 

ban'do-llne,  1  ban'do-lin  or  -Hn;  2  han'do-lln  or  -I'm,  re.  A 
gummy  liquid,  used  for  fixing  or  glossing  the  hair. 

ban-dore',  1  ban-dor';  2  ban-dor',  n.  Mus.  An  old  lute-like 
instrument.  [<  Sp.  bamlurria,  <  Gr.  pandoura,  musical  in- 
strument.]   ban'da-loret. 

ban'dy,  Iban'di;  2  ban'dy,  »t.  [ban'died;  ban'dy-ino.] 
To  give  and  receive;  exchange,  as  words,  blows,  etc.; 
knock  or  pass  to  and  fro. 

ban'dy2,  a.  Crooked  outward  at  1 1  ■  *  -  kne'es. — ban'dy 
legged",  a.    Having  bandy  legs;  bow«legged. 

ban'dy,  n.  [ban'dies2,  i>I]  A  game  resembling  hockey; 
also,  a  stick  used  in  this  game.  (<  Gr.F  band,  band, 
bond.] 

bane,  1  lien;  2  ban,  n.  1.  Anything  pernicious  or  noxious; 
a   scourge;    disease;    poison.      2|.    A    worker    of   death; 

death.    [<  AS.  bona,  murderer,  destruction  1     bane||, 
rt,    1.  To  be  a  bane  to;  poison,    8t.  To  poison  to  deatb 
baiH-'ful,  ".     Noxious;    poisonous;  ii:i ngcrous ;  Injurious; 
deadly     Syn.;  see  bad;  pernicious.     bane'ful-Iy,  adt;. 
bane 'wort",  l   ben'wort";  "  ban'wurt*,  n      s.ny  poisonous 

plant,  especially  the  deadly  nightshade  or  tin   .smaller  spcar- 

wort,  supposed  '••  pol  on  sheep. 

Itanir   Park,    I    hnnif;   2    biinif.      A    district    In    the   Canadian 

Rocky  Mountains,  Alberta;  260  sq.  m,;  reserved  as  a  plea- 
sure-ground. 


banu 

b.irc 


bin.: 


>  ,  ,  ,  I  i  ,-,     not.Ar;   full,  rule;   bill,  bflrn; 

-kit.  A  I         I        (Act,  what,  nit;    11.  ({  iii  i  ...  ,,..! .  ,,i,  won. 


74 


rike  with 

I  <  I. ■•■ 


•  hair 


r>Ali«.  I 

I     '  \     lo«  n    In 

kuk 

1 
Unix  r  mark.!      'i.  A  .11  \   In 

[winner. 

\  bully:  vletor; 

I.    \     I      t'Indian 

.  which   sends  down 


hiiic  »tt  r 
h.ui  i.in. 
Ii.in    |  in. 

■ 


t.  [Anglo* 

■     ■  ■ 

<     II;:.!. 

ml  ;  — banian 
da>. 
meat    L«    MT1 

a  day  of  po,  .r 
li.ui   i-ti  . 

1   Erotn 

■ 
lis-    Banian  in  Colombo,  Ceylon. 

""batman,  summon.] 
Syn_-  ban.  discharge,  dislodge.  dlsmJ  eject, 

evic 

manly  to  put  under  ban.  to  compel  by  authority  to  Lave  a 
place  or  country,  perhaps  with  restriction  to  some  other 
plac-  a  country,  a  person  may  be  ban- 

ished tromany  country  where 

be  n...  il  expatriated  or  tilled  only  from  his 

own  ii  if;  be  is  ban 

others,     h:  r (I  of  wide  Import;  oni 

dlstur  -;  care  may  banish  ./  Is  to 

-  rudeness,  and  so  often  with  dis- 
grace.    Bee  exterminate.— Prep.:  Catiline 
from 

-  ban'l»h-er,  n .—  ban  l-li-ni.  n i .  «.     Exile;  expulsion. 
ban'U-l.r.  1. 

'-'•  rruption.    ban'nis-terj. 

ban'j.i.  .  jo,  n.    [~jo&,  pi.]    A  musical  in- 

I  th<-  guitar  class,  with  a  parchments 

hollow  wooden  body.    [Negro  corr.,  < 
mdoura.  musical  Instrument.)  — ban'Jo-lst,  n. 
bank   ..      ink;  2  bank,  U.    To  make  into  a  bank;  shelter 

—  to  hank      ■  bank 

up    afire.-         .  >r  a  fire  with  ashes  or  earth  so  as  to  keep  It 

.ruing  low. 

bank   .         I.  ■      :  •    a  bank.     II.  i.    1.  To  do 

•t^n  bank  or  banker.     2.  [Colloq  j  'I  ., 

bank'a-hl  by  a  bank, 

bank  .  1 . 

ping  mound;  a  rising  ground.  'J. 

iral     3.  A  i  o  of  the 

of  New- 
si     4.  A  hori- 
.'.  rank  at  ki  rgan.    5.  A  rowers' 

.  mound;  cp. 
-omesenscs  <  P. telle, bench,  <  tAHG.  banc.] 
Sm_-  beach,  border,  bound,  brim,  brink, 
marge,  margin,  rl:  1      Il'ink  I-  a 

•  land  along  I 

of  a  river,  lak. 
'i'ach  Ls  a  Btrlp 
Incoherent  wave»worn  sand,  wn  ibly  or  full  of 

boulders;  we  speak  of  a  lake  or  ocean;  a  beach  la 

irand  is  a  more 
term  for  a  wave-washed  snore,  especlallv  as  a  place 
for  landing  or  embarking:  as.  the  keel  grates  on  the  strand. 
The  whole  line  of  a  country  or  continent  tt 
sea  Is  a  coat.  Shore  is  any  land,  whether  cliff,  or  sand,  or 
marsh,  bordering  water.    We  do  not  speak  of  the  coast  of  a 


river,  nor  .if  the  bank*  ■  tho  there  maj    be 

I    llii,    M  In  re  land  and 
P 

brink,  the  orlal  ol  a  pi  i  ol 

■ll   ..I  I  Mill 

b.mk  .         I.  An  i     litution  I 
I, 
'■■ 
lishmcnl      [<   I-"    banque,   <  It.  6a  I  I 

miii.   banc,  b.neii  i     bank'  bill", 
i .    '         .■.  i  ■ 
b.  note,  ■      I.  \  prom  I  iod  by  n 

bank     *-.  A  nolo  p  banl       b.  stock,  pi       fhi 

b.nik'er,  n,    <  >ne  engaged  In 

banking. 
II an    k.i.  n      Same  as  BAN!  \ 

bank'lng', 1  bank'irj   Zbftnk'ing,  The  busini 

or  bank,  r:  used  al  o  adjectivally, 
banking*,  a.    The  forming  ol  n  ridge  or  mound;  an  om- 

banl 
bankrupt,  1  bank'ropt ;  2  bttnk'rupt       I  ,  [*0  make 

bankrupt     II.  pay  one's  debts;  insolvent. 

III.  a.    1.  A  person  unable  to  paj  his  debts  or  without 

credil  or  resources,    'i.  One  judicially  declared  insolvent. 

[  •      It.   banca,   bank.     • 

bank'rupi-,  \ .  iEM.pl.]    Tbe  state  of  beta 

vriil ;  failure  or  Inability  to  pay  Ji|s|  ■  1  •  l.i 

Hanks.  i  liar  l.  Sir  Joseph  (1748   1820),  an 

English  explorer  and  naturalist;  president   Royal  Bo 
i77s  1820    2.  Nathaniel  Prentiss  (1816   188 
lean  deral  general  In  the<  llvll  War;  iu  li 

ernor  ol  Massachusei is 

ban  'ncr,  1  ban'ar;  2  ban'er,  it,    A  cloth  bearing  a  device, 
suspended  from  a  pole  by  a  croas»bar;  anj 
ar.l.     |<   LL.  °*"  bandana,  bannei  ]     ban'ner,  vl      To 
furnish  with  a  banner.  — ban'ner,  ./.     Worthy  to  bear  the 
banner.  |  bin  'iier-el  I  e  | . 

ban'iicr-eC  l  ban'er-et;  2  ban'er-€t,  n.     A  Bmall  banner. 

ban  'ner-el   .  n      I  >M  Of  B  |  I  Bde  Ol  I  ol    "I  -  em  itled  to  d 
a  banner  In  place  of  a  pennant,     kniglit  ba.inerel ;. 

ban'nock,  1  ban'sk;  2  b&n'ok,  n  Vca  eofcoai  emealhaked 
on  a  griddle  or  hot  stone.    [<  AS.  bannuc,  <G 

Ban 'nock-burn,  1  ban'sk-bOrn; 

town  near  Stirling:  B  me  -'  I,  1314 

linns,  ban ns,  1  bans; 2 bans,  n.  pf.  <-i  ban. 

iKin'iniet,  1  baM'k\vet;2  I'aij'k  v.    i      I.       am'.    To  feast 

richly.  II.  n.  Asumptu  I      ban  'quet-er,  n 

ban"(|iiette',  1  han'ket';  2  I  I        1.  Fort.  A  raised 

earthen  platform  or  bank  I  niii  mi  an  earthwork,  upon  which 

soldiers  stand  to  deliver  ibeir  lire.    •>.  [Soul  hi 

bank,  ledge,  etc  ;asldewalk.    [F.,dlm  of  sane;  see  bank1,?!.] 
ban'shee,  lban'8hr,2ban'she,  n    /    i    cot  Folklore.  A  fairy 

visitant  whose  walling  foretold  death.    [<  Gael,  barfsith,  < 

ban.  woman.  +  slth,  fairy. | 
ban 'lam,  l  ban'tem;  2  han't  am,  n.    A  small  breed  of  the 

domestic  hen.    [<  Bantam,  in  Java.] 
ban'ter,  1  ban'ter;  2  ban'ter.     I.  H.    To  make  sport  of; 

joke.    II.  n.    Good'humored ridicule; railli 

Syn.:   badinage.   Chaff,  derision.   Iron;,,   jeering,   mockery. 

raillery,  ridicule,  sarcasm,  satire,     iiunur  is  the  touching 

upon  some  fault,  weakness,  or  tai  I  Of  another  in  a 

way  hair  to  pique  and  ball  to  please;  bad i mini  Is  delicate,  re- 
Oned  banter.    RaiUery  has  more  sharpness,  but  i-  u 
good-humored  and  well  meant.    Irony,  the  saying  om 
thai  the  reverse  may  be  understood,  m  mild  or 

bitter.    All  the  other  words  have  a  ho  tilelntent.    Ridicule 
makes  a  person  or  thing  the  subject  of  contemptuous  merri- 
ment   i  object  deride. j  ieem  m  lei  ly 
cable     to  laugh  it  to  scorn.    Chaff  is  the  coarse  wlttl- 
Ol  i  in   streets,  perhaps  merry,  ofiener  malicious;  jeering 
id,  rude  rldlcnls,  as  Of  t  dOI  mob,      Mocker;/ 

■  d,  and  may  include  mimicr]  and  personal  \  lo- 
ss well  as  scornful  speech      \    atiri  Is  a  formal  com- 
ion;  a  sarcasm  ma]  bi  ax  Impromptu  sentence.    The 
bows  up  follies  to  i  eep  i,er,])!c  from  i  Mem:  i  Me  sarcasm 
hem  i"  cause  they  are  f  oo II  b,  without  Inquiring  ■■■■ 
It  will  do  good  or  harm;  thi  tered;  thesar- 

Is covert.     See  mock:  bidiculb;   wit. 
-ban'ter-er,  n—  ban'tcr-lng-lj ,  ad) 
bant  Mini;,  1  bant'hn;  2  b&nt'hug,  n.    A  young  child;  in- 
fant ;  youth.     [C.'orr.  of  handling,  <  BAND*,  'i  ] 
ban  'yan.  r».  man. 

ban'sal,  ]  ban'zal;  2  ban's!,  fnfery.  [Jap]  Ten  thousand  years: 

an  exclamation  equivalent  to  "long  live  '  be  I.mperor." 
ba'o-bab,  1  be'o-bab;  2  bS'o-bab.  n.     [Cent.  Afr.]     1. 

with  huge  trunk  bearing  edible,  gourd-like  fruit,  see  lllus. 
on  next  page.    'i.  Its  fruit.    mon'key«bread"t. 

Bap.,  Bapt.,  abbr.    Baptist. — bap.,  abbr.    Peptized. 

ban-tlse',  vt.  &  m.    Same  as  b  i  ptize. 

bap'flsm,  l  bap'tizm;  2  bap'tlsm,  n.  The  act  of  baptiz- 
ing; an  ordinance  in  which  water  is  raade  use  of  in  sym- 


75 


1: a  =  final;    I  =  habit^   aisle;    tiU-6Ut;    ell;    10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    0  =  smj;   fhin,  this. 
2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,  burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


bang 
bare 


bol  or  acknowledgment  of  consecration  to  Christ,  as 
commanded  in  Matt,  xxviii,  19. — bap-tis'mal,  a.  Per- 
taining to  baptism.  —  bap-tis'- 
tic,  a.  Pertaining  to  baptism  or 
the  beliefs  of  the  Baptists,  bap- 
tis'ti-calt.—  bap-tls'ti-eal-ly, 
adv. 

Bap'tist,  1  bap'tist;  2  bSp'tfet, 
re.  One  holding  that  the  only 
valid  baptism  is  the  immersion 
of  a  believer;  originally,  one 
who  baptizes;  as,  John  the 
Baptist. 

bap  'tis- ter-y, )  1  bap'tis-tar-i, 

bap'tis-try,     J  -tn;  2  bap'tls- 
ter  -  y,    -try,  n.      [-ter  -  iesz, 
-tries2,  pi.]    A  reservoir  in  a    ^-*^*\ 
church,  for  baptism  by  immer-       a   \  b 

sion;  a  portion  of  a  church  set  Baobab=tree. 

apart  for  baptisms.  „_  flower.  4j  fruit 

bap-tize',   1   bap-taiz';  2  bap- 

tiz',  vt.  &  vi.  [-tized';  -tiz'ing.]  To  administer  bap- 
tism to;  administer  the  sacrament  of  baptism;  to  chris- 
ten or  name;  consecrate;  dedicate.  [  <  Gr.LL+F  bapd'20, 
<  bapto,  dip.l    bap-tise't- 

bar,  1  bar;  2  bar.  I.  vt.  [barred,  bards;  bar'rinc]  1. 
To  close;  obstruct;  hinder;  prohibit.  2.  To  except.  3. 
To  mark  with  bars.  II.  re.  1.  A  piece  of  solid  material, 
long  in  proportion  to  its  width  and  thickness;  a  barrier; 
an  obstruction;  a  bank,  as  of  sand,  at  the  entrance  to  a 
river  or  harbor.  2.  (1)  The  enclosed  place  in  court  occu- 
pied by  counsel.  (2)  The  place  where  a  prisoner  stands 
to  plead;  hence,  the  court  or  any  place  of  justice,  or  any- 
thing considered  as  analogous;  a  judgment»seat.  (3) 
Lawyers  collectively;  the  legal  profession.  3.  A  room  or 
a  counter  where  liquors  or  refreshments  are  dispensed. 
4.  A  stripe.  5.  Mus.  The  vertical  line  that  divides  a  staff 
into  measures.  [<  LL.o*1  barra,  bar.l  Syn.:  (verb)  see  hin- 
der; obstruct;  (noun)  see  barrier;  impediment;  lock. 
— to  bar  out,  to  shut  out,  as  a  teacher  from  his  schoolroom. 
—  bar 'ring  ou  t ,  re. 

bar [[ ,  prep.    Barring:  originally  an  imperative. 

Bar.,  abbr.  Barrister,  Baruch. — bar.,  abbr.  Barleycorn,  ba- 
rometer, barrel. 

Bar-ab'bas,  1  bar-ab'as;  2  bar-ab'as,  re.  Bib.  A  robber  re- 
leased in  place  of  Jesus  at  the  demand  of  the  multitude. 
Malt,  xxvii,  16. 

bar'aynet,  a.    Barren. 

barb1,  1  barb;  2  barb,  vt.  1.  To  provide  with  a  barb  or 
barbs;  hence,  to  make  cutting  or  severe.  2f.  To  shave 
the  beard  of:  used  also  intransitively. 

barb2t,  vt.    To  armor  (a  horse) ;  bard;  as,  a  barbed  steed. 

barb1,  n.  A  backward=projecting  point  on  a  sharp  weap- 
on, as  an  arrow,  a  fish=hook,  or  a  spear,  intended  to  pre- 
vent easy  extraction;  also,  any  similar  sharp  point;  as, 
the  barbs  on  a  barbed=wire  fence;  in  botany,  a  beard; 
awn;  in  ornithology,  one  of  the  lateral  processes  of  a 
feather.    [  <  L.F  barba,  beard.] 

barb2,  re.  1.  A  horse  of  the  breed  introduced  by  the  Moors 
from  Barbary  into  Spain:  noted  for  speed  and  endurance. 
2.  A  blackish  or  dun  pigeon  with  a  short  stout  beak.  3.  A 
kingflsh  of  the  Atlantic  coast.  [<  F.barbe,  <  Darbarie,  < 
LL.  Barbaria,  <  Ar.  Barbar,  the  Berbers.] 

barb3t,  n.    Armor  for  a  horse;  a  bard.    [=  bard2,  re.] 

Barb.,  abbr.    Barbados. 

Bar-ba'dos,  1  bar-bS'doz;  2  btir-ba'dos,  re.  An  Island  (166,- 
000  sq.  m.;  pop.  172.000)  of  the  liritisli  West  Indies. 

har-ba'ri-an,  1  bcur-bS'n-on.;  2  baT-ba'ri-an.  I.  a.  1.  Un- 
civilized; cruel;  barbarous.  2.  Foreign;  in  Greek,  non« 
Hellenic.  II.  re.  1.  A  member  of  an  uncivilized  tribe 
or  race;  henee,  any  rude,  brutal,  or  uncultured  person. 
2.  According  to  (ireek,  Latin,  and  Italian  usage,  a  for- 
eigner, in  a  depreciatory  sense.    [<   L.   barbarus;  see 

BARBAROUS.]    Syn.:  see  BARBAROUS.-  bar-ba'rl-aii-lsin,  11. 

bar-bar'ic,  1  bar-bar'ik;  2  bar-bar'ie,  a.  Rudely  splen- 
did, striking,  or  picturesque.    Syn.:  see  barbarous. 

bar'ba-risni,  1  baVbe-rizm;  2  bar'ba-rism,  n.  1.  The 
status  between  savagery  and  civilization;  rudeness.  2. 
A  foreign,  improperly  derived  or  compounded,  or  dis- 
approved word  or  idiom. 

Syn.:  see  language. — bar'ba-rlze,  vt.  &  vl.     bar'ba- 
rlscj.     bar"ba-ri-za'tlon,  n.    bar"ba-rl-sa'tlont. 

bar-bar'i-ty,  1  bar-barVti ; 2  bar-bar'i-ty,  n.  |--ni:sz,  pi.] 
Brutal  or  barbarous  conduct;  a  barbarous  deed, 

bar'ba-rous,  1  baVbe-rus;  2  bar'ba-rtis,  a.  1.  Pertaining 
to  or  like  b  barbarian;  unculth  a  ted;  rude;  cruel;  brutal; 
savage.  2.  Marked  by  barbarisms  in  speech;  unpol- 
ished. 3.  Rude  or  harsh  in  sound,  [<  L.  barbarus,  < 
Cr.  barbaros,  not  Greek,  foreign.] 


Syn.:  atrocious,  barbarian,  barbaric,  brutal,  cruel,  Inhu- 
man, merciless,  rude,  savage,  uncivilized,  uncouth,  untamed. 
Whatever  is  not  civilized  is  barbarian;  barbaric  indicates  rude 
magnificence,  uncultured  richness;  as,  barbaric  splendor,  a 
barbaric  melody.  Barbarous  refers  to  the  worst  side  of  bar- 
barian life,  and  to  revolting  acts,  especially  of  cruelty,  such 
as  a  civilized  man  would  not  be  expected  to  do:  as,  a  barba- 
rous deed.  We  may,  however,  say  barbarous  nations,  barba- 
rous tribes,  without  implying  anything  more  than  want  of 
civilization  and  culture.  Savage  is  more  distinctly  blood- 
thirsty than  barbarous.  In  this  sense  we  speak  of  a  savage 
beast  and  of  barbarous  usage.  —  Ant.:  civilized,  courtly,  cul- 
tured, delicate,  elegant,  graceful,  humane,  nice,  polite,  re- 
fined, tender,  urbane. 

— bar'ba-rous-ly,  adv.— bar'ba-rous-ness,  n. 

Bar'ba-ry,  1  bar'ba-n;  2  bfir'ba-ry,  re.  The  Mohammedan 
countries  of  N.  Africa,  exclusive  of  Egypt. 

bar'bate,  1  bar'bet;  2  bar'bfit,  a.  1.  Having  barbs;  bearded. 
2.  Bot.  Tufted  with  long  hairs.    [<  L.  barba,  beard.] 

bar'be-cue,  )  1  bdr'bi-kiu;  2  bar'be-cu.     I.  vt.     [-cued; 

bar'ba-cue,  f -cu"ing.]  To  roast  whole.  II.  re.  1.  An 
animal  roasted  whole,  as  an  ox.  2.  [U.  S.]  An  open*air 
feast  at  which  an  animal  is  barbecued.  [  <  HaytiansP 
barbacoa,  framework  of  sticks.] 

Bar'ba-son,  1  bfir'ba-san;  2  bar'ba-son,  re.  In  Shakespeare's 
Henry  V.  and  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  a  fiend. 

barbed1,  1  barbd;  2  biirbd,  pa.    Having  a  barb  or  barbs. 

barbed?,  a.    Barded.    See  bard1,  vt. 

bar'bel,  1  bar'bel;  2  bar'bel,  n.  1.  One  of  the  soft  filiform 
appendages  to  the  jaws,  chin,  or  nostrils  of  certain  fishes.  2. 
A  carp=like  Old  World  fish.  3.  A  knot  of  mucous  mem- 
brane under  the  tongue  of  horses  and  cattle.  [OF.,  <  LL. 
barbellus,  dim.  of  barbus,  <  L.  barba,  beard]  bar'bellt. — 
bar'bel-late,  a.  Having  or  studded  with  short  stiff  hairs  or 
bristles. 

bar'ber,  1  bar'bar;  2  bar'ber,  re.  One  who  cuts  the  hair, 
shaves  the  beard,  etc.     [  <  L.OF  barba,  beard.] 

bar'ber-ry,  1  bar'ber-i;  2  bar'ber-y,  n.    1.  A  shrub  bear- 
ing   yellow    flowers    and 
bright»red  oblong  berries. 
2.  Its  fruit.     [  <  LL.  ber- 
beris,  barberry.] 

bar'bet,  1  bar'bet;  2  bar'- 
bSt,    n.      1.    A   brilliant 
tropical  bird,  mostly  of' 
the  Old  World,  having  a 
stout  bill,  broad   at  the 
base  and  compressed  at 
the   tip:    related   to   the 
toucans,  scansorial  bar- 
bet]:.   2.  A  South=Ameri- 
can  bird  with  puffy  plu- 
mage.   puff'=bird"J.   3. 
A  variety  of  small  poodle.    4.  A 
larval  insect  that  feeds  on  plant" 
lice.    [F.t  <  L.  barbatus,  <  barba, 
beard.] 

bar-bette',  1  bar-bet';  2  bar-bet',  re. 

1.  An  armored  cylinder  protecting  a 
revolving  turret  on  a  war-ship.  2. 
A  platform  from  which  cannon  are 
fired  over  a  parapet.  [F.,  dim.  < 
L.  barba,  beard.] 

bar'bl-can,   1    bar'bi-kon;   2   biir'bi- 

can,  re.     An  outer   fortification   or 

outwork.    [<    F.  barblcane.]    bar'- 

ba-caut.    Syn.:  see  rampart. 
bar'bule,  1  bdr'bitil;  2  biir'bul,  re.    I.  A  small  barb  or  beard. 

2.  Ornith.  A  process  fringing  the  barb  of  a  feather. 
bar'ca-rolc,  1  bar'ka-rol;  2  bax'ea-rol,  re.    A  Venetian  boat" 

song;  also,  a  melody  In  imitation  of  such  a  song,     bar'ca- 

rollej. 
Bar"ee-lo'na,   1   bur'si-lo'iin;  2   biir"cc-l5'na,   re.     Province 

(2,968  sq.  m.;  pop.  1,134,000)  and  city  (pop.  560,000),  N.  E. 

Spain. 
bard11,  1  bard;  2  bilrd,  vt.     To  arm  (horse  or  man)  with 

bards;  caparison  (a  horse)  with  gay  trappings,     barbf. 
bard2,  vt.    To  cover  or  lard  with  thin  slices  of  bacon. 
bard1,  n.    A  Celtic  minstrel;  any  poet.    [<  Gael,  and  lr. 

bard.]    bardet.     bard'le,  a. 
bard2,  n.    1.  Armor  for  horses,  in  medieval  Europe.    2.  pi. 

The  gay  trappings  worn  on  horses  at  medieval  tourna- 
ments, etc.  3.  til.  Plate  armor  of  the  16th  century  and 
later.     [<  F.  barde.]    barbel;  bardej. 

bard'1,  re.  A  thin  slice  of  bacon  used  in  cookery.  [<  F. 
barde,  trappings;  see  BAnn',  n.\ 

bard*,  re.    A  fish,  the  eelpout. 

bare1,  1  bar;  2  b.lr,  vt.  [bared;  bab'inq.]  To  lay  bare; 
strip;  reveal;  expose. 

bare2 1|,  imp.  of  bear,  v. 


Common  Barberry. 

a,  brtuoh  with   tl.iwwrs  anil 


barr  la  a--    fat.  (V        i  i  i  . .".      ,.■   .v    tall,  rAls;  but.  bom; 

...  .1         .  i  i     i  .  ii        i  i         ...    .01,  01,  win,      76 


3.  \  I. 

I. 

1  II 

O^r  I.  >r.     I.  ii  k.  .1    .  r.ir.     I 

I.  ir.     I.,   ii,  -  I    ,r.     I. ..ii.  .1     . 

bar  .-.  Impudent 

b   .r        I   1.  .  .1     \\  .  I..U,      f  I.  .  .1     II . 

bar.     '  I.  in     I. ...I    .  .1 

bar.    h.   i.l    rd,  I.  ir.    I>  . 

I. .in-  - 

b*-rr«.    .  1.    \  thin  f:ilirlc  of 

u.ted  for  wi.iii.n- 
•  -in  tin  sprli  . 

i  \  i.  ii   /.«.    . 

it .  r t  r  >  i t.i  1841        \  French  Jacobin  revo- 

bar  fill    . 

har'galn.  1  I. 

pulate 
III.  ;. 

upon;   :m   advantageous  trans- 
it .i  low  price.     |  < 

har'galn-er.  u.    barg.il>,- 

barge.  .  ned  freight»boat  or 

i  <  LL. 
b  urge  in  in.  ■  me  wiio 

k  unp  •  bar'gett,  mall  t  «<  »:i  t  or  b 

bar'gli.  Il  irth    Eng.]     In 

:    foreboding  death  ..r 

li.ir  gliaM"'  :  bar '- 
cu.  il  [104,000. 

Ba'ri.  I  bo*rl  gb&'rl*.    &  town  In  southeastern  Italy :  nop. 
r  pertaining  to  weight,  espe- 
irlc.    [  <  Gr.  ' 
i.a-rll  I  i  I.   \r.  Impure  Mdhnn  ear- 

ned by  burning  various  -;■ 

S.  \:.\  plant  used  In  mak- 
ing •odava.sli       i.  ;.;..-r  occurring  In  ore. 
"la.) 
ba'rltf.                      J  i.a'rlt.  u.  Mineral.  A  heavy,  vitreous, 
usu.i                      ransparent    to    opaque   barium 
ba-r> 
bar'1-t..n                                            IS  BARYTONE. 

ba'ri-um.  i  bCiHm:2  baVri-om,  ».  Chan.  A  yellow  to  white, 

msli.  ELEMENT.      [<    Gr. 

baric*,       Of  or  pertaining  to  barium. 
bark  .  ".       •  bark,  as  a  dog.    [< 

m,  bark.]— bark 'er,  n  One  who  barks 
or  clamors:  specif.,  a  tout  or  the  llkr  stationed  at  the  door  of 
a  shop  or  a-  bow. 

l..irk- .         I.  .     -   move  the  bark  from;  scrape;  girdle.    1. 
-kin  ..f.    3.  'I'..  cover  with  or  as 
t  r  in  an  infusion  of  bark.    5. 

•.ill  {small  game,  as  squirrels)  by  shooting  at 
ging. 
I.  irk  .  e  sound  made  by  B 

i.  irk  .         I  overing  of  the  stems,  branches, 

•  guished  from 
■  i»>r-,  cork,  andepi- 

stance,    h  a  rini 

qjnalii 

bark.  - 
skit.  ' 

bark  '!•  --. 
a.-  bark'> . 
bark.  I . 

thr- 
sel    sqnare«rigged 

nrissenmast 

Hark. 

vesBel  or  1  1       [  <  F.  barque,  <  LL 

barm,  baron,  hark  |     barnu. 
bar'kan-tlne,  1  bo.r'kan-tin;  2  bar'kan-tln,  n.  Naut.  A 


i  i  he  foremast  and 
li.ir  ken- 
tlne] .  bar  quen-tlni 

h.ir   ki  .  p    .  r.  who 

bartend    .  r 

bark 'en,  i  l.To  oauM  to  di  \ 

or  harden  Inlo.  or  I \  cr  with.  I  l.juk-llkr  orUSl       I.     I    ■ 

ie  dry  and  hardened  or  tneru  tod     ;t.  Po  tan  with  bark, 

III.  I  of  Lark 

ii.ir'le\.  1  Imt'li.  g  baVly,  n      A  bardy,  b 

.  I  irgely  in  making  malt;  also,  the  it  an.  borne  by  L( 
\     it  Hie  | 

h.ir  'le>-«  orii",    1    L.'ir'li  korn";   2   ba-'lv  corn",    u        I.     \ 

■rain  .>f  barley.  '!•  \  mi  asure  equal  to  one-third  >.f  an 
Inch;  also,  the  breadth  ..i  ■  tine  barley*grain,  or  about 
ii  l "..".  .,i  an  null  :i.  A  planed  groove  between  moldings 
John  Barleycorn,  ■  neraonlOeatlon  ol  mall  liquor,  as 
w  hlaky,  or  ol  Intoxicating  liquors  in  general 

Barlow,  1  bdr'lo:  2  bir'lo,  Joel  1760  1813)  An  American 
i>.n-t:  patriot;  diplomat;  Tin  Cotumbiad. 

harm,  l  barm;  2  barm,  n,  The  froth  ..r  foam  rising  on 
fermented  mall  liquors;  brewers'  j  easl     I 

harm  ')  .  I    ,!i  of  harm,  froihy.  hence,  excitedly 

active:  flighty. 

Uar'me-clde,    1    luir'nn  Bold;  8   Lar'nie-cld.    ft       1.   tin.-  of  a 

former  princely  family  ol  Bagdad     '!■  <  me  who  gives  Imag- 
inary feasts  or  favors;  so  called  from  a  character  of  this  name 
IntneAraMan  Night*.  Bsr'mn-eldet.    Bar'me-torma-]- 
riiie.  a.    Dluslve;  unreal.    Bar"ine-<-rdai:. 
itar  nun,  i  bar' men;  l'  bar'men,  n     \  manufacturing  city  in 

Rhine  Province.  Vru-sla.  pop    169,000 

bam  .  l  burn;  2  barn.  n,    A  storehouse  for  hay,  etc  ;  also 

1 1    s  ],  a  stable  or  shelter  for  hoi  •  -  01  cattle.    (  <  AS. 

bam  '.o»l",  n  An  owl  often  found  in  barns,  whore  it 

destroys  mice.    Bee  bird     b.  >s wallow,  n.    A.  swallow  that 

builds  against  the  rafters  ol  barns. 

barn  .  3col  1     Same  as  bairn,    barnet;  beam;. 

Har'na-h.is.   1    hur'n,.-!.,.- .  :.'  I.ar'na  bas,  ft.      An  early  Chris- 
tian preacher;  companion  of  Paul  the  Apostle, 
bar  'na-cle" ,  1  barna-kl;  2  bar,na-el,n.    1.  AsheuVfish 

found  attached  to  rocks,  ships,  I  tc      '!■    \   wild  gi 

northern  seas     bar'na-<-le»Koost'"t.    3.  Bomething  re- 

bling  a  barnacle;  a  p.-r-i-l  .-nt   follower;  B  liant'iT'on. 

[MEL  burn'ikylli .  dim.  of  birnukr,  the  noose  ] 
bar'na-cl(c*p.  n,     An   Instrument    for   holding  a  refractory 

horse  by  the  upper  Jaw.     |MK.  bcrnlcle,  dim.  of  bernakc,  < 

i  'l     '..  rnac,  a  kind  of  hit  ] 
bar'na-cles,  1  bdr'ns-Us;  2  biir'na-tls.  n.  pi.  [Slant;.]  Spec- 
tacles.    [<   BARNACLE*.] 
Bar'ne-veldt,  1  bafna-velt;  2  biir'ne-vflt,  Jan  van  Olden 

(15497-1619).    A  Dutch  patriot;  beheaded. 
Itar'mim,  1  bdr'num;  2  biir'num.  Phlneas  Taylor  (1810- 

1801  I.     American  showman  and  circus  proprietor. 
Ba-ror'rl-o,  1  ba-rok'kl-o;   2  bii-ro. •'.  i-o,    (ilacomo  da  VI- 

gnola  (1507-1573).     An  Italian  architect. 
Ba-ro'da,  1  ba-ro'da;  2  ba-rO'da,  n.     1.  A   native  state  in 

Bombay,  India;  8,226  sq.  m.:  pop.  2.033,000.  t.  Its  capital; 

pop    M    mil 
bar'o-irraph,  1  bar'o-Krof;  2  bar'o-graf,  n.     A  self-recording 

barometer.    [<  Gr.  baros,  weight,  -I-  grapho.  write.] 
ba-rol  'o-gy,  1  bs-ral'o-ji;  2  ba-rol'o-gy,  n.     The  science  of 

gravity  or  of  the  weight  of  bodies.    [  <  Gr.  baros,  weight,  + 

-LOOT.] 

ba-rom'e-ter,  1  bs-rem't-tar;  2  ba-rom'e-tcr,  /,  An 
instrument  for  indicating  atmospheric  pressure:  used 
for  forecasting  the  weather,  measuring  elevations,  etc. 
[<  Gr.  baros,  weight,  +  metron,  measure.]  —  bar"o-mct'- 
rle,  n  -rl-caP..  ba-rom'e-try,  n.  The  science  or  art  of 
ktlng  the  tension  or  pre-- 1 ire  of  1  he  air. 

bar'on,  1  bar';»n;  2  bar'on.  ft,  1.  A  member  of  the  lowest 
order  of  hereditary  nobility  in  several  European  coun- 
tries. 2.  [Colloq.,  l".  B.]  A  capitalist  who,  alone  or  with 
other-,  controls  the  production  or  sale  of  any  commod- 
ity; as,  a  coal  baron,  il'  ,  <  LL,  boro(ii-),  <  OIKJ. 
baro,  man.]  bar'on-age,  n.  Barons  collectively. — bar'- 
on-ess,  n  l.  The  wife  or  widow  of  a  baron.  2.  A  woman 
holding  s  barons  in  her  own  right.  —  ba-ro'nl-al,  <i  Per- 
taining to  s  baron,  a  baronj  .  or  i  he  order  cjf  barons,  -bar'- 
on-}, n.  [-IBB*,pl.]  The  rank,  dignity,  or  domain  of  a  baron. 
bar'on-shlp;. 

bar'on-et,  1  bar'sn-et;  2  b&r'on-St,  n.  An  inheritable 
,  b.low  that  of  l.aron ;  also,  the  bearer  of  the 
title,  who  i-  a  commoner  and  noi  a  member  of  the  nobil- 
ity—bar'on-et-age,  n.  Baronets  collectively. — bar'on- 
et-<\.  n,  [-CUB*,  pi.]  The  rank  of  a  baronet,  bar'on-et- 
ship;. 

ba-rot|Ue',  1  ba-rOk';  2  ba-r0V,  a.  Irregularly  shaped;  fan- 
In  Style;  L-rotesque;  as,  a  baroque  pearl;  baroque  archi- 
tecture (early  18th  century).     [F.| 

bar  'i.--iii|i(.,  1  har'o— kop;  2  l.ar'o-seOp,  n.  A  weather-glass. 
[<  Gr.  baros,  weight,  +  skopeO,  view.] 


Stays?'- ■    ijl  »'  ^aaMBBog?  '    "  - 


HBP 


isLa 


1.   Basswood.     2.  White  elm 
Red  maple.     9.  Black  walnut. 
15.  Tulip.     16.  Canoe-blrch. 


COMMON  AMERICAN   BARKS.— I. 
3.  White  cedar.     4.  White  oak.     5.  Box»elder.     6.   yellow  birch.     7.   Bweel   cherry.     S. 
10.  Horse-chestnut.     11.  Red  pine.     12.   White  ash.     13.  Sycamore.     11.   White  mulberry. 


im   .  i 


wm 


'.&: 


3 


[:^  WmlSii 


COMMON*  AMERICAN   BARE£ 

1.  Brittle  willow.     2.  8ha«bark  hickory.     3.  HoneylocuBt.     4.  < 
laurel.     B.   u  Ich'haiel.     9.  Persimmon.     10.  Fragrant  crab.     11.  Hemlock. 
15-  Balsam -Or.     16.  Butternut. 


r,.  White  spruce.     7.  Great 
13.  Cottonwood.     14.   Holly. 


l:a  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ©II;    10=  feud;    diin;    go;    rj  =  sin»;    fhin,    this.       barouclie 
79       2:wplf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    tnia.  base 


ba-rouche',  1  ba-rush';  2  ba-rugh',  re.  A  four=wheeled 
low-bodied  pleasure-vehicle  with  folding  top.  [  <  L.I,+° 
bis  (see  bi-)  +  rota,  wheel.] 

barque,  bar'quen-tlne,  re.    See  bark,  barkantine. 

bar'rack,  1  bar'ak;  2  bar'ak,  n.  1.  A  permanent  struc- 
ture, as  for  the  lodgment  of  soldiers:  generally  in  the 
plural.  2.  A  temporary  or  rough  shelter  for  a  gang  of 
laborers  or  the  like.  3.  A  light  adjustable  roof  for  shel- 
tering hay,  etc.     [  <  It.F  baracca,  soldiers'  tent.] 

bar"ra-coon',  1  bar"a-kun';  2  bar"a-eoon',  re.  A  barrack  or 
enclosure,  on  the  African  coast,  for  the  cooping  of  captured 
negroes,  convicts,  etc.;  a  slave-pen  or  slave-depot.  [<  Sp. 
barracon,  <  barraca,  barrack,  <  LL.  barra,  bar.] 

bar 'rage,  1  bar'ij:  2  biir'ag.  n.  1.  The  act  of  barring;  especially, 
the  formation  of  an  artiricial  bar  in  a  watercourse,  to  increase 
its  depth  or  for  Irrigating,  etc.;  also,  the  bar  thus  con- 
structed. 2.  [Recent]  lbar"ra3';  2  bar'razh'.  Mil.  Con- 
centrated fire  on  a  part  of  an  enemy's  lines  to  prevent  re- 
enforcements. 

bar-ran 'ca,  1  ba-ran'ka;  2  ba-ran'ca,  n,  A  deep  ravine  or 
gorge  with  steep  sides;  generally,  a  cutting  made  by  torrents. 
[Sp.  or  Sp.»Am.l  ba-ran'cot;  bar-ran 'cot. 

Bar"ras',  1  ba"ra';  2  ba"ra',  Count  de,  Paul  F.  J.  N.  (1755- 
1829).    A  French  revolutionist. 

bar'ra-tor,  1  bar'a-tar  or  -tor;  2  bar'a-tor,  re.  1.  Law.  One 
guilty  of  barratry.  2t.  A  bully;  rowdy.  [  <  OF.  barateor,  < 
barat,  barter.]    bar'ra-tert.—  bar'ra-trous,  d. 

bar'ra-try,  1  bar'a-tn;  2  bar'a-try,  re.  [-tries2,  pi.}  1.  Law. 
Any  wilful  and  unlawful  act  committed  by  the  master  or 
mariners  of  a  ship,  whereby  the  owners  sustain  injury.  2. 
Scots  Law.  (1)  The  acceptance  of  a  bribe  by  a  judge.  (2) 
The  buying  of  a  benefice.  3.  Barretry:  incorrect  use.  [< 
OF.  baralerie,   <  barat,  barter.]     bar'ra-tor-shipj.. 

bar'rel,  1  bar'el;  2  bar'el.  I.  vt.  [bar'reled  or  bar'- 
relled,  bar'reld*;  bar'rel-ing  or  bar'rel-t.ing.]  To 
put  or  pack  in  a  barrel.  II.  n.  1.  A  round  vessel,  made 
with  staves  and  hoops,  about  31  inches  high.  2.  As  much 
as  a  barrel  will  hold;  a  varying  measure  of  quantity. 
The  standard  United  States  barrel,  July,  191(5,  for  fruits, 
vegetables  and  other  dry  commodities  must  contain 
7,056  cubic  inches.  3.  Something  resembling  or  having 
the  form  of  a  barrel,  as  the  tube  of  a  firearm,  the  drum 
of  a  windlass,  the  body  of  an  animal,  etc.  [  <  LL.OF 
barile,  barrel.]  bar'elt;  bar  'relief. — bar'rebor'gan,  re.  A 
hand-organ. 

bar'ren,  1  bar'en;  2  bar'£n.    I.  a.    Incapable  of  produc- 
ing, or  not  producing,  offspring  or  fruit;  sterile;  unprofit- 
able; dull.     II.  n.     A  tract  of  barren  land.     [<  OF. 
baraigne,  barren.]    Syn.:  see  blank;  meager. 
—  bar'ren-ly,  adv.— bar'ren-ness,  re. 

bar'ret,  1  bar'et;  2  bar'et,  re.  1.  A  biretta.  2.  An  ancient  flat 
military  cap.    [<  F.barrette,  <  LL.  birrus,  red  cloak.] 

bar  're-try,  1  bar'i-tn;  2  bar'e-try,  re.  Crim.  Law.  The  offense 
of  exciting  lawsuits;  the  stirring  up  of  quarrels,  spreading 
false  rumors,  etc.:  commonly  confounded  with  barralry. — 
bar  're-tor,  n.    One  who  commits  barretry. 

bar"ri-cade',  1  bar"i-ked';2  bar"i-cad'.  I.  si.  [-cad'ed'1; 
-cad'ing]  To  defend  with  a  barricade.  II.  n.  1.  A 
barrier  hastily  built  for  obstruction  or  for  defense.  2. 
Any  obstruction  or  barrier  closing  a  passage,  as  a  street, 
a  waterway,  etc.  [  <  Sp.F  barricada,  <  barrica,  barrel] 
bar"ri-ca'doJ.  Syn.:  (verb)  see  obstruct;  (noun)  see  bar- 
rier; rampart. 

Bar'rie,  1  bar'i;  2  bar'!.  Sir  James  Matthew  (1860-  ). 
A  Scottish  novelist  and  playwright;  The  Little  Minister. 

bar'ri-er,  1  bar'i-ar;  2  bar'i-er,  n.  Sonic-thing  that  ob- 
structs progress  or  prevents  encroachment,  as  a  fence,  a 
frontier  fortress,  etc.;  a  boundary;  obstruction.  [  <  OF. 
barricre,  <  LL.  barra,  bar.] 

Syn.:  bar,  barricade,  breastwork,  bulwark,  hindrance,  ob- 
stacle, obstruction,  parapet,  prohibition,  rampart,  restraint, 
restriction.  A  bar  Ls  something  that  is  or  may  be  Ilrmly 
fixed,  ordinarily  with  intent  to  prevent  entrance  or  egress; 
as,  the  ban  of  a  prison  cell;  the  ban tot  a  wood-lot.  a  barrier 
obstructs,  but  is  not  necessarily  Impassable.  Barrier  is  used 
of  objects  more  extensive  than  I  hose  to  which  bur  Is  ordi- 
narily applied.  A  mountain  range  may  be  a  barrier  to  ex- 
plore) Ion;  but  a  mass  of  sand  across  the  entrance  to  a  harbor 
is  called  a  bar.  i  discovered  falsehood  is  a  bar  to  confidence. 
Barricarii  denotes  some  bast  iiy  plied  obstruct  Ion,  commonly 
an  Improvised  street  fortification,  a  parapet  Is  a  lots  or 
breast-high  wall,  as  about,  the  edge  of  a  roof,  terrace,  etc-,, 
especially,  In  military  use,  such  a  wail  for  the  protection  of 
troops;  a  rampart  Is  the  embankment  surrounding  a  fori,  on 

which  the  parapet  Is  raised;  the  word  rniiii'iirt  is  Often  used 

as  Including  I  he  parapet.    Bulwark  is  a  general  »  ord  for  any 
defensive  wail  or  rampart;  its  only  technical  use  at  present  is 

in  nautical  language,  where  it  signifies  the  raised  side  of  a 

shi,i  above  the  upper  deck,  topped  by  the  rail,    compare 

B'Ol  NDARY;   IMPEDIMENT;   RAMPART.      Ant.:  admittance,  en 
trance,  opening,  passage,  road,  thoroughfare,  transit,  way. — 


Barrow  (1). 


Prep.:  A  barrier  to  progress,  against  invasion;  a  barrier  be- 
tween nations. 

bar 'ring,  1  bar'in;  2  biir'ing,  prep.  [Colloq.]  Excepting;  apart 
from. 

bar'ris-ter,  1  bar'is-ter;  2  bar'is-ter,  re.  Eng.  Law.  An 
advocate  who  argues  cases  in  the  courts,  as  distinguished 
from  a  solicitor,  who  prepares  them.  In  the  United 
States  an  attorney  combines  the  two  functions  [  < 
bar1,  n.] 

bar'room",  1  bar'rQm";  2  bar'robm",  re.  A  room  with  a 
bar  where  liquors  and  refreshments  are  served. 

bar 'row2,  1  bar'o;  2  bar'o,  re.  1.  A  tray  or  box  having  a 
wheel  or  wheels  and  handles 
by  which  it  is  moved.  2.  A 
basket  for  draining  salt-crys- 
tals.  3.  The  egg  of  a  ray  or 
shark;  a  sea-barrow.  [<  AS. 
*berewe,   <  beran,  bear.] 

bar  'row',  re.   1.  A  burial-mound; 

cairn;    heap.      2.  The  burrow  of  an  animal.    [<   AS. 
beory,  hill,  place  of  burial.] 

bar'row\  n.     1.  A  castrated  pig.     2t.  A  badger. 

Bart.,  Bt.,  abbr.    Baronet. 

bar'ter,  1  bar'tar;2bar'ter.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  exchange  for 
something  equal,  or  considered  equal,  in  value,  as  one 
commodity  for  another;  trade  by  exchange  of  commod- 
ities. II.  re.  The  exchanging  of  commodities  or  a  com- 
modity given  in  exchange.  [  <  OF.  bareter,  <  barat, 
barter.]    Syn.:  see  business.  — bar'ter-er,  n 

Bar"thol"di',  1  bar"tol"di';  2  bar"tol"di'.  Frederic  August e 
(1834-1904).    A  French  sculptor;  Statue  of  Liberty. 

Bar-thol'o-mew,  1  bar-thol'o-miu;  2  bar-thol'o-mu.  Saint. 
One  of  the  Twelve  Apostles,  on  whose  festival  day,  Aug.  24, 
1572,  occurred  the  slaughter  of  the  Huguenots,  called  Mas- 
sacre of  St.  Bartholomew's. 

Bar"ti-mse'us,  i  bar"ti-mi'us;  2  bar'ti-me'us,  re.  A  beggar 
cured  of  blindness  (Mark  x,  46-52).    Bar"tl-me'ust. 

bar'ti-zan,  1  bur'ti-zan;  2  bar'ti-zan,  re.  A  turret,  with  loop- 
holes, jutting  out  from  a  wall.'  [Sc.,  <  OF.  breteche,  parapet 
<  OHG.  bret,  plank.]    bar'tl-sant. 

Bar"to-lom-me'o,  1  bar"to-lom-me'o;  2  bar'to-lom-me'o, 
Fra.    Same  as  Baccio  della  Porta. 

Ba'ruch,  1  be'ruk;  2  ba'ruc,  re.  Bib.  The  amanuensis  of  Jere- 
miah  (Jer.  xxxii-xxxvi) ;  also,  a  book  by  him.  [Heb.,  blessed.] 

ba-ry'ta,  1  ba-rai'ta;  2  ba-ry'ta,  re.  Chem.  Barium  oxid;  a 
heavy,  gray-white,  caustic,  alkaline,  fusible,  poisonous  com- 
pound formed  by  calcining  a  barium  salt.  [<  Gr.  barylis, 
weight,  <  barys,  heavy.] 

ba-ry'tes,  1  be-ral'tlz;  2  ba-ry'tes,  re.  1.  Mineral.  Same  as 
barite.    bar'y-tinet.    2t.  Chem.  Baryta.— ba-ryt'lc,  a. 

bar'y-tone,  1  bar'i-ton;  2  bar'y-ton.  I.  a.  1.  Mus.  Hav- 
ing a  register  higher  than  bass  and  lower  than  tenor.  2. 
Gr.  Gram.  Having  no  accent  on  the  last  syllable.  II.  n. 
1.  Mus.  A  barytone  male  voice,  or  a  person  having  such 
a  voice.  2.  Gr.  Gram.  A  word  having  the  last  syllable 
unaccented.  [<  Gr.u  barys,  heavy,  +  tonos,  tone.] 
bar'i- tonet. 

bas.,  abbr.    Basso. 

ba'sal,  I  be'sal;  2  ba'sal,  a.  Pertaining  to,  of,  or  at  the 
base;  fundamental. 

ba-salt',  1  ba-s61t'  or  bas'olt;  2  ba-salt'  or  bas'alt,  re.  An 
igneous  rock  of  a  dark  color  and  often  of  columnar  struc- 
ture.   [  <  L.  basalles,  dark  marble.] — ba-salt 'ic,  a. 

bas"=bleu',  1  bu"-blu';  2  ba"=blu',  re.  A  literary  woman;  blue- 
stocking.   [F.] 

bas'cule,  1  bas'klul;  2  bas'cul,  re.    A  balanced  lever,  used  in 


Bascule  Bridge. 

('I' i  BrldJ»,  London  i 

some  liftlng'brldges.   [F.]     bascule  bridge,  a  balanced  lift- 
ing-bridge or  drawbridge. 

base,  1  lies;  2  bas,  lit.     (based;  iiah'ing.]    To  place  upon  a 
base  or  basis;  ground;  establish. 

base,  a.    I.  Low  in  sentiment,  morals,  or  rank,    2.  Low  in 

value:  (  1  I  Debased;  counterfeit.      (2)  Readily  tarnishing 

or  oxidizing.   3.  Mus.  SamcasBA.ss.   4||.  Illegitimately 


battle 


\  I  I  m.flr;   full.  rOlt-;   but.  bOni- 

.     i         .  |y,  fern;  bit,  ii  i  I     B    <>    »«". 


M 


I.  M  I 

1 1  Inline, 


...  ol  low 

i*.   it .  a  i 

•  i .  tin-  founda- 
ui  ikmg 

ll)|c    ■■!     BO 

• :  ili;.-   it-  m  id  prop- 
i.  ised  as  a 

.».    u 
ip. 

Ii.i  -.        btl  ir   I     . 

„    i, ...         i.   .,  ii  foundation.     J. 

hi-.   in:in.   '. 
mod  :il  the  Mr  ■ 
1 i.       The  ground  floor  of  a  build- 

1.  •    played 

and  bavins  four  bases  marking  the 

in  running;  usually  played 

ride  being  at  Uu 

.       :.    I  In-  ball 


ii.,  M  I,  a  city  (pop.  132.000  .  Basel*8tadt 

Bah 

1.         .     strike  heavily; 
11  low. 

Hi  'shall,  Ion  E.  or  Jordan,  Pal- 

.-.-  and  wild 
ha  ihsT  .  I.  t  Turkish  pasha:  earlier 

r  pompous  offlclal. 
bashful,]  :    Shrinking  from  notice; 

<  abash  1  -1>,  od».   -nesa, 

b»«h"l  t.a-muU'.  1  •  -!."i-b.>-zuk';  2  ba-stri-ha-zuk'.  n.     An 

arm:  .  I  <    Turk,  baihl,   head-dress.  + 

Aocuf.  dtoor  :  ipoIL] 

t..i  -11  .  1.  Pertaining  to  or  like  :i 

-.'.               1  than  suffices 

ba-slc'l-t] . 

1  n  of  being  a  base.    Z.  The 

CO! 

fikst*.  a.    Hot.    Fixed  or  at- 

n-g  ,1.  L-elf'yu-gal,  a.    Turning  or 

at  the  apes  only,  as 
leaves.    [<  L.  ba\i    I  flee  I 

'•; .  rt.    [-MKD.  -kv'im;  ]  I 

[  <  L.  bails,  base,  + 
I  1    -I-I1-1  .riloii.  n       lia'sl-tt'Vr. 

.  I  bas"sl:  2  M  ■         '  various  aromatic  plants  of 

<  OF.  baslle,  <  Or.  basitikos,  royal.  < 
basiUiu.V. 

■  inned  sheepskin  for  bookbinding.    [  <  V. 
■.'.  <  Ar.  bUCnah.  lining.)    bas'an:;  baz'll:;  h.i/ln 
ba«'il:.  %.  .'..'••.  ■  of  a  cutting  edge:  beseL 

bas'll  ■  [<  BASH*.]         [B 

.--,  n.    A  kind  the  basilisk.    [<  Ol 

^.iini      297-379). 

ba-'l-lar.  II  ,  a.     Pertaining  to  the  base; 

ba/ta)      ba-'l-la-r>  :. 

I'le.    I.  a.    1.  Pertaining  to  a  basil- 
ica.   ':. 

the  i  ■  il  kind  of  olntmenl    II. 

I  ■  I  <   <.r.  basilikos. 

h.i--ll'l-cal:. 
I,.,--!!!-.  -1.   .  'i      1.  Arch.  '  I 

court  of  Ju-i 
ding  divided  Into  1 

aisles:  used  as  a  ha  the  type  of  the 

••.  church 

;  nopled  tomb,  or  the 

mb.    4.  A  small  burial-chapel  In  the  lioman 

catacombs.     I.  .  <  <,r.  btuBUl,  fern,  of  basUikos;  see  basil- 

I11--II  'l-<.-in,  'I. 

ba-.'1-li-k.  .  'li-ir-k,  n.    1. 

whose  breath 
and  look  v.  :.  A  lizard  having  an  erectile  crest. 


•1. 1 1  cannon,  ornamented  with  serpents 

.  11,  ».<.  kins  I 

ha  -in.  1  1.  \  with  ilon 

1  .  i\  1 1 \  iiki-  timt  ol  iui  h  I,  \  .1. 

.  dli  \ .  "i  ih'  region 

I,  \  tidi  reservoii     4.  \  dock     I  < 

I  1  •  ...» 1 1 

baa  i-in  i.  i   :  .    1  I..       !  1  1    .  : .  ■ .  .  >flttlng 

im-iii n  '  'i  bas 'net : . 

ba  lis,  .  /■/  I     l.   Thai  on 

which  any  1  mport;  foundation;  fundamental 

principle  -.  The  chiel  oompoDonl  •  •!  ingredient  ol  :i 
thing     |l.  .  see  n  tai  .  n  ] 

baak  .  l  bosk:  8  bisk,  n     To  luxuriate,  ■    In  warmth;  en« 
joy  genial  influences     I-    Old  Bcand    badhatk,  bathe 
all  ] 

baa'keti  1  boVket;  2  basTcSt ,  n  1.  A  vessel  of  interwoven 
twigs,  splii  '.'.  w  Iimi  :i  basket  will  hold 

ii.i.  kit-inl  .  :t.  Vn  openwork  sword'hilt  guard;  also, 
the  sword  having  such  a  guard     basket  hll(|.    [<    \\ 

bas'kei  ball",  in  Indoor  game  resembling 

fi  km  hail  played  with  an  Inflated  ball  and  elevated  baskets  for 
goals;  also,  the  ball  used  b.«flsh,  \  tarflsh  with  man y* 
branched  and  entangling  arms,  bas'ket-ry,  n.  Basket* 
making  or  baaketwi 

ba  'sun,  /.•     Same  u  B  uun. 

basque1,  l  husk;  2  bask,  n.  \  woman's  sbort*aklrted  dress* 
waist,  separate  from  the  dres8*eklrt:  posslbl]  so  called  be- 
cau  ■  1  ipled  fi  "in  1  tie  Basque  oosl  ume 

Hasi|  ui'\  11     I.  <  me  of  a  distinct  linguistic  family  ol  the  French 
and  Bpanisb  Pyrenees,    'i.  The  language  ol  the  Basqui 
Basque,  a     Basqu  'Isht. 

bas-qulne',  1  boa  km';  2  bas-kln',  n.  An  outer  petticoat  worn 
b)  Basque  and  Spanish  women    [F.]    bas-qul'nat  [Sp.], 

l»as"=r»'-Mcr'.  1  l'-i"  n  hi';  2  Ii:i"ti-1."|',  h  Soulpture  iii 
which  the  figure  projects  bul  .slightly  from  the  back- 
ground.    |<  lt.F  oassoTt'fteoo,   <  basso,  low,  +  rilieto, 

BJ  LU  1    I     liass"  ri'-lli-f';. 

bass,  1  lii-s;  g  lifis,  u.    Afus.    Low  in  tone  or  compass, 
bass.    1   bos;  2  bus,   n.     One  11I   various  percli'like  fishes 

much  esteemed  for  food. 
bass1,  l  bi  1;  :.'  bas,  n.  Afus.  1.  The  lowest  tones  of  the 
male  voice,  or  of  an  instrument    "'.  '  Ine  who  sings  a  bass 
part;   also,    bass   parts  collectively.      [<   OF.   bas;  see 

II  w  .  B.]     base:. 

bass*,  1  has;  2  Ms,  n.    Same  as  basswood. 

Iiass«,  ,1.    Same  as  iia.st. 

Bas-sa'nl-o,  1  bas-sfl'nl-o;  2  bBs-sa'nl-o,  n.    In  Shakespeare's 

Mt  re  hunt  uf  Venice,  Portia's  Buccesshil  suitor. 
Has"scln',  1  ba  BCn';  2  Ml'sen',  ■■      \  district  (4,127  sq,  m  ; 

pop.  475.1 100 1  In  Lower  Burma  or  its  capital  city  (pop.80,000). 
bas'set't  1  bas'et  nr  ba-sel';  2  bfls'ei  or  ba-aet',  n.    A  game 

played  with  cards,  resembling  faro,  popular  in  the  lxth  cen- 
tury.   [<  F.  bassettc,  <  It.  bassclta,  <  basso  (<  L.bassus), 

low.  I 
bas'Set*,  n.     A  Short>legged  hunting>dog,  used  to  unearth 
is   and    foxes.     [1-., 

<  bas,  LL.  bassvs,  low.) 

lias 'set  ;houiid"t. 
bas's|-iH't,    1  bas'l-net:   2 

baa'l-net.  n.     1.  A  basket  with 

a    wicker    hood    over    one  end. 
.  as  a  I'lnlil.s  cradle.      '£.  A 

small     basket     for    holding     the 

Clothing    of    an    Infant.       :i.   A 

child's    perambulator.      [<    F. 
1. 1.,    bachinus,     < 

bacca,  DOW  1  ] 
b.is'su,  1  baa'ao;  2  bas'so,  n.    1.  A  bass«slnger. 

part.    [It.] 
bas-soon',  1  ba-sun';  2  ba-soon',  n.    1.  A  wooden  reed* 
niHiit  with  curved  mouthpiece.    '!•  An  organ»stop 

like  a  bassoon  in  tone.    [  <  It.r  bassone,  <  basso,  <  L. 
1  m      See  in  in  il  inbi  rtjicents. 

BaS'BO-ra,  1  bas'O-rs;  'Z  bfiS'O-ra,  n.  Turkish  vilayet  (53.580 
si|  m  ;  pop  000,000),  W.  Asia:  Its  capital  (pop.  55.000)  oc- 
cupied i.\  British  Nov   21,  1914. 

bass  vi'ol,  1  bes  voi'iil;  2  baH  vi'ol.  A  large  stringed  in- 
strument of  the  violin  t\|i'       See  Ml  911   VL  r.-nu  mk.nts. 

bass'wDinl",  1  baVwud";  'i  b&s'wdod",  n.  The  American 
linden*  or  whitewoodVtree     Bee  hark;  leaf,    bassj. 

bast,  ]  1,  n.     Tin-  fibrous  inner  bark  of  trees 

or  cordage  made  from  it      I  <  AS.  bsest,  limctree.] 

bas'ta,  1  h'H'iu:  2  bBs'tft,  Inferf.  Enoughl  hold!  used  In  old 
drama  and  by  a  hand-leader  to  stop  a  performer.     [It. I 

bas'tard,  1  bas'tard;  2  baVtard.    1.  a.    1.  Born  out  of 
ock.    'i.  False;  spurious.    3.  Resembling  the  genu- 
ine in  some  degree;  as,  ba  lard  mahogany.    4.  (Jnusual, 

as  in  -i/'-  or  proportion;  as,  bculard  type.    II.  n.    1.  An 

I      ■>.    \   refu  e   nigar  from  previously 
boiled  sirup.    3||.  A  sweet  or  sweetened  wine.    4f-  Any- 


Basset. 

•&.  The  bass 


1:3=  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    1(1  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sin(7;   thin,   this.  base 

81  2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   Unn,   this.  battle 


thing  of  inferior  quality  or  unusual  kind.  [  <  MHG.LL+ 
of  bast,  mat.) 

bas'tard-ize,  1  bas'tard-aiz;  2  biis'tard-Iz,  v.  [-ized; 
-iz"ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  prove  to  be,  or  stigmatize  as,  a 
bastard.  2.  To  make  degenerate;  debase,  as  a  race. 
II.  i.    To  become  degenerate;  deteriorate. 

bas'tard-y,  re.  1.  The  offense  of  begetting  a  bastard 
child.    2.  The  state  of  being  a  bastard;  illegitimacy. 

baste1,  1  best;  2  bast,  vt.  [bast'ed*;  bast'ing.]  To  sew 
loosely  together;  fasten  temporarily  or  shape  with  long 
stitches.     [  <  MHG.OF  bestari,  bind] 

baste2'1,  vt.  To  cover  with  melted  fat,  gravy,  or  the  like 
while  cooking. 

baste3!1,  vt.    [Colloq.]  To  cudgel;  thrash.    [<  Ice.  beysta,  beat.] 

bas-tile',   )  1  bas-til'  or  bas-til';  2  bas-til'  or  bas-til',  n. 

bas-tille',  S  1«  [B-]  F.  Hist.  The  prison=fortress  built  at 
the  Porte  St.  Antoine,  Paris,  in  1369,  destroyed  by  a 
popular  uprising  July  14,  1789.  2.  Any  prison,  fortress, 
or  citadel.  [  <  OF.  bastille,  building,  either  <  bastir 
(see  baste1) ,  or  <  a  LL.  word  cognate  with  Gr.  bastazo,  raise, 
support.) 

bas"ti-na'do,  1  bas"ti-ne'do;  2  bas"ti-na'do.  I.  vt.  To 
beat  on  the  soles  of  the  feet;  beat  or  flog.  bas"ti- 
nade't.     Svn.:  see  beat. 

II.  n.  A  beating  with  a  stick,  usually  on  the  soles  of  the 
feet;  also,  the  stick  so  used.  [  <  Sp.  bastonada,  <  baston, 
cudgel.]     bas"to-na'dot. 

bast'ings,  1  best'irjz;2  bast'ings,  re.  pi.  [Colloq.]  The  stitch- 
es taken  in  basting  a  garment;  also,  the  thread  used  for  this 
purpose. 

bas'tion,  1  bas'cTian;  2  biis'chon,  n.  Fort.  A  projecting 
work  having  two  faces  and  two  flanks.  [  <  It.  bastione, 
<  baslire,  build.]— bas'tloned,  a. 

Ba-su'to-land,  1  ba-su'to-land;  2  ba-su'to-land,  re.  A  Brit- 
ish colony  in  S.  Africa  (11.716  sq.  m.;  pop.  406,000);  home 
of  the  Basutos,  a  Bantu  tribe. 

bat1,  1  bat;  2  bat,  vt.  &  vi.  [bat'ted4;  bat'tino.]  1.  To 
strike  with  or  as  with  a  bat.  2.  To  use  a  bat,  as  in  base- 
ball or  cricket. 

bat*1,  v.    [U.  S.  &  Prov.  Eng.]     To  wink;  flutter. 

bat1,  n.  1.  Any  stick  or  club,  as  for  striking  the  ball  in 
baseball,  cricket,  etc.  2.  A  brickbat;  sun«dried  brick. 
3.  A  sheet  of  batting. 

bat2,  n.  A  nocturnal  flying  mammal  with  limbs  con- 
nected by  a  wing=membrane.  [Corr.  <  Dan.  bakke,  bat.] 
battf. 

bat3,  re.    A  pack»saddle.    [  <  F.  bdt,  OF.  bast;  see  bastard,  re.] 

bat.,  batt.,  abbr.    Battalion,  battery. 

bat'allt.n.    Same  as  battle,    bat'ayllt;  bat'ayllet. 

Ba-ta'vl-a,  1  ba-te'vi-a  or  (/>.)  ba-tii'vi-a;  2  ba-ta'vi-.a  or  (£>.) 
ba-ta'vi-a,  re.  Capital  city  (pop.  139,000)  of  Java  and  Dutch 
East  Indies. 

batch,  )  1  bacb;  2  bach,  re.    1.  The  dough  for  one  baking, 

bachp,  )  or  the  quantity  of  bread,  etc.,  baked;  the  grain 
for  one  grinding;  grist.  2.  Any  set  of  things  made,  done, 
dispatched,  etc.,  at  one  time.    [  <  AS.  bacan,  bake.] 

bate1,  1  bet;  2  bat,  vt.  [bat'ed11;  bat'ing.]  1.  To  lessen 
the  force,  intensity,  or  amount  of;  moderate;  abate.  2. 
To  deduct.  3[|.  To  beat  down  or  back;  remove.  4||.  To 
leave  out;  omit.     [OF.  abatre;  see  abate,  v.] 

bate2,  vt.    To  soak,  as  a  hide;  separate  and  soften,  as  jute. 

[<    BAIT1,  V.] 

batet,  vi.  Falconry.  To  nutter;  beat  the  wings,    baltt. 

batet,  re.    Dispute;  contention. 

ba-teau',  1  ba-to';2ba-to',  re.  [ba-teaux',  1  -toz';2-toz', 
pi.]  1.  A  flat»bottomed  boat.  2.  A  pontoon  for  a  bridge. 
[<  AS.ll+f  bat,  boat.]  — bateau  bridge,  a  pontoon  bridge. 

bat'sfowl"f,ng,  1  bat'=faul"in;  2  bat'=fowl"lng,  re.  The  catch- 
ing of  birds  at  night  by  dazing  them  with  a  light.  —  bat's 
fowl"cr,  re. 

bath1,  1  both;  2  bath,  re.  [baths,  1  baths  or  bnthz;  2 
baths  or  baths,  pi.]  1.  The  act  of  bathing,  or  the  state 
of  being  bathed.  2.  The  element  in  which  one  bathes. 
3.  A  building  set,  apart,  for  bathing:  in  this  sense  often  in 
the  plural.  4.  A  room  or  receptacle  for  bathing;  specif. 
[1*.  S.],  a  fully  furnished  bathroom,  5.  Chem.  An  ap- 
paratus for  applying  steady  heat  or  heat  of  a  given  de- 
gree. 6.  Any  solution,  or  the  vessel  containing  it,  in 
which  articles,  as  photographic  plates,  etc.,  are  im- 
mersed for  treatment.  7.  Metal.  The  molten  material 
in  a  reverberatory  furnace     [<  AS.  bseth,  bath  1 

Bath2,  1  bath;  2  bath,  re.  A  city  (pop.  51,000)  In  southwest 
England,  famous  for  Its  hot  springs. 

bathe,  1  beth;  2  bath,  ».    [bathed;  bath'tno.]    I.  t.    1. 

To  wash  or  immerse.     2.  To  apply  liquid  to  for  comfort 
or  healing;  wet;  lave;  suffuse.      II.  i.     To  go  into  the 
water;  take  a  bath.  —  batlie'a-bl(ei\  a.    Ready  or  suitable 
for  bathing.  —  bath'er,  n.    One  who  takes  a  bath. 
hath'o-Uth,  l  balh'o-lith;  g  bfttb/o-llth,  n.    Owl.    A  large 


irregular  mass  of  intrusive  igneous  rock  which  has  melted 
or  forced  its  way  into  surrounding  strata.  [  <  Gr.  bathos, 
depth,  +  lit.hos,  stone.]    bath'o-litej:. — bath"o-llth'ie,  a. 

ba'thos,  1  be'thos;  2  ba'thos,  re.  A  ridiculous  descent 
from  the  lofty  to  the  commonplace  in  discourse;  anti- 
climax.   [<  Gr.  bathos,  <  bathus,  deep.] — ba-thet'ic,  a. 

Bath-she 'ba,  1  bafh-shl'ba;  2  bath-she'ba,  n.  Wife  of  Uriah, 
and  of  David;  mother  of  Solomon. 

ba-thym'e-ter,  1  ba-thim'i-tar;  2  ba-thym'e-ter,  n.  An  in- 
strument for  taking  deep=sea  soundings.  [<  Gr.  balhys, 
deep,  +  melron,  measure.]  [cepting;  barring. 

bat'ing,  1  bet'irj;  2  bat'ing,  prep.    Making  deduction  for;  ex- 

ba-tiste',  1  ba-tist';  2  ba-tist',  n.  A  fine  all=linen  or  cotton 
lawn.    [F.]  [lett. 

bat'Iert,  re.    A  small  paddle  used  in  washing  clothes,    bat'- 

bat'on,  1  bat'an  or  (F.)  ba"ten';  2  bat'on  or  (F.)  ba"ton',  vt. 
To  strike  with  a  baton;  beat. 

bat'on,  n.  1.  A  short  staff  used  as  a  weapon  or  as  an  em- 
blem of  authority.  2.  Mus.  A  rod  used  for  beating  time. 
[F.  baton,  <  LL.  baslo(ti-),  stick.]    ba-toon't  [Archaic]. 

Bat'on  Rouge,  1  bat'an  rii3;  2  bat'on  ruzh.  A  city  (pop. 
15,000),  capital  of  Louisiana. 

Ba-tra'chi-a,  1  ba-tre'ki-a;  2  ba-tra'ci-a,  re.  pi.  A  group 
of  reptiles,  variously  ranked  and  limited,  including  the 
frogs  and  toads.  [<  Gr.  batracheia  (batracheios) ,  <  ba- 
trachos.tTOg.]  —  ba-tra'chl-an.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the 
Batrachla,  especially  the  frogs.    II.  re.    Oneof  the  Balrachia. 

bats'man,  1  bats'man;  2  bats'man,  n.  [-men,  pi.]  One 
who  handles  the  bat,  as  in  baseball. 

bat-ta'li-a  ,  1  ba-te'h-a;  2  ba-ta'11-a,  re.  1.  A  body  of  soldiers 
on  the  march;  an  army,  especially  the  main  body.  2.  Order 
of  battle. 

bat-tal'ion,  1  ba-tal'yan;  2  ba-tfil'yon,  n.  1.  Two  or 
more  companies  of  infantry.  2.  A  body  of  troops.  [  < 
LL.h+f  battalia;  see  battle.] 

bat'telt,  n.    Same  as  battle. 

bat'tels,  1  bat'lz;  2  bat'lg,  re.  pi.  [Oxford  Univ.,  Eng.]  A  stu- 
dent's account  for  provisions;  also,  loosely,  the  entire  charge 
for  board,  tuition,  etc.  [<  bat-  (see  batten)  +  -lei,  deal, 
quantity.]  —  bat'tel,  vi.    To  have  an  account  for  provisions. 

bat 'ten1,  1  bat'n;  2  bat'n,  vi.  &  vi.  1.  To  make  or  grow 
fat;  thrive;  prosper:  especially  at  another's  expense.  2. 
To  gratify  morbid  craving;  gloat.  [  <  Ice.  batna,  grow 
better,  improve.] 

bat'ten2,  vt.  To  make,  furnish,  or  fasten  with  battens. — 
to  batten  down  the  hatches  (Naut.),  to  put  tarpaulins 
over  a  hatchway  and  secure  them  by  strips  of  wood. 

bat'ten,  re.  A  narrow  strip  of  wood;  a  cleat,  as  across 
parallel  boards  in  a  door.    [For  baton.] 

bat'ter,  1  bat'ar;  2  bat'er,  vt.  &  vi.  To  strike  with  re- 
peated blows;  beat;  dent;  mar;  deface.  [<  LL.F  batto, 
<  batluo,  beat.]    Syn.:  see  beat. 

bat'ter1,  re.  A  thick  liquid  mixture,  as  of  eggs,  flour,  and 
milk,  beaten  up  for  use  in  cookery. 

bat'ter2,  n.  1.  A  heavy  blow;  also,  repeated  blows,  or  the 
condition  resulting  from  them.  2.  Ceram.  A  mallet  lor 
beating  a  lump  of  plastic  clay.  3.  Print.  A  breakage  or 
marring  of  type  or  a  plate. 

bat'ter3,  n.    A  batsman,  as  in  baseball. 

bat'ter4,  re.  Civ.  Engin.  Backward  and  upward  slope  of  a 
wall,  giving  greater  resistance  to  thrust  or  llrmer  base. 

bat'ter-ing=ram",  1  bat'ar-irj'rarn";  2  bat'er-ing«ram", 
n.  A  long  beam,  wit  h 
heavy  head,  anciently 
used  in  forcing  gates 
and  making  breaches  in 
walls. 

bat'ter-lng=traln",  1  bat'- 
ar-innren";  2  bat'er-lng« 
trfln",  re.  A  train  of  siege 
guns. 

bat'ter-y,   1   bat'er-i;    2 

bat'er-y,  re.  [-iesz,  pi.] 
1.  Mil.  (1)  An  earth- 
work enclosing  c m 

(2)  A  company  of  artil- 
lerymen, or   their   guns 
and  other  equipment.     ('■'<)  The  armament  of  a,  vessel 
of  war,  or  a  special  part  of  it       2,   Elec.     A  group  of 

cells,  dynamos,  etc.     3.  Line.    The  unlawlnl  use  of  force 

byone  person  upon  another.  4.  Baseball.  The  pitcher 
and  the  catcher, 

bat'tlng,  1  bat'irji  2  bat'ing,  n.  1.  Cotton  or  wool  pre- 
pared in  sheets,  or  the  arl  of  preparing  il .  2.  The  act  of 
batting,  in  any  sense  of  the  verb. 

bat'tKe1',  1  batl;  '.l  bat'l.  I.  <i-  [bat'tlbd,  bat'tld*; 
bat'tling.]  To  contend  in  battle,  ore  in  battle:  fight ; 
struggle;  strive.  II.  re,  I.  \  combat  between  hostile 
armies  or  fleets;  a,  fight;  conflict ;  contest.  2||.  Arms  or 
an  armed  force.    [  <  I,L.K  battalia,  <  batto;  see  battpr, 


Batterlng«ram. 


battled         |   n  prfcr;  Mi,  i     i       ■  •  B      ••    ••       ><     m  .  bot,bftra| 

II  .  Ill  I  ......  o     ,  s1.' 


:.  :  lU»;   Ilir 

a   . 

I.     |'l.  i  .  .  •  Ing    a 

lil|>.  -    .f  tin- 

drawn   b., 

tract  r  of  b.  i  form  of  trial 

mbat. 

!   n  nil  battlements: 


»i.i(  ■H.-.|..r.    .  dor",  r».     A 

h.it  1 1.  -in.  in.  at,  n.    A 

|nri  I'll    tli-lllt'llt- 

i  irh  Ing  or  gai 

[F.] 
Ilj-tum  .  port   In 

i  nrkey,  1878 
bau  'hi  ...  bowy  trinket ; 

-t'T.      [  <  L.0' 

i.  m  iii<-:.    Sitij  see  i 
!   .  .  To  make  a  botch  of; 

also,  tread  d  I  D  out  of  shape. 

Bau'rl-.  Ifstik.  A   Phrygian  peasant 

woman,  who  entertained  Jup:-  nry. 

-kit  •  In,  n.    A  rich  brocaded  silk 

•   ade  at  Bagd 
...  canopy,  <   Baldacco.  It. 
.  dad.) 
bau. 1  rmi-.  i  bed'ranx:  2  bad'rons.  n.    (Scot.)    A  cat;  puss; 

ll  llllk. 

I  •  h  white,  espe- 

ii.ni  -on. 1 :     3<  bail 

ban '  -nil. fared":  II.  \  badger 

Baui'/.i.  if  sen,  n.    A  town  In  eastei 

avians  atnl  Prussians,  1813;  pop. 

bauili  -It.  n.     A  white  earthy  claylike 

aluminum  (er  I:  the  principal  source  of  aluminum. 

Bat .. 

-i-a.  n.    A  kingdom  (29,292 

bat   In.  -mall  bundle  of  brushwood. 

I  nny:  an- 

■  gllsb.     2. 

/.  a  mint»mas- 
.- 
ban  'bl.    .  ban  'bliiiir,  i.    Trifling. 

ban  'r.iik    .  .  F.  beau 

(see  n  ►  • 
bawd,  1  be  I;  of  a  brothel;  a  pro- 

[uick.] 
baude*.  -  band 'l-l  .;,       hand'l- 

bawd  r>  .  1 . 

.:.»scene  langua_        band'),  u.     Indecent;  un- 
ban I,  1  bel;  2  bal  I  loudly.    [< 

t .  hanl'er.  n. 

baiter.  ;     i^j'tar;  2  bafcs'ter.  n.    (Dial,  or  Scot]    A  baker; 

Bai't--  An  English  nonconformist 

bay.  I  I.  •      To  bark  at;  drive  or  hu- 

ll. I.     To  bark  hoarsely.    [<  OF. 
<  LL.  bado.  gape. J 


h  1 1 .  i  I  bj  land;  an 

i      n  hills. 

■  I.     \  lilt      R I 

i   |  . 

ba)  .         i.    ill.-  laurel-ti  bay'  m.      .    •;.   \  laurel 

in. I  ol  honor,  rspcciuil)   for  •  poet; 

I  I            .  i  ■  1 1  \  | 
ba)  . 

I .  n    .  I  % 

up.  II.  .1  U)  I  urn  ..n 
i.  ing  kopl  at    - 

■till  or  in  chock  by  an  opponenl     [Forooay,  <  01 

:  l  l*C  I 

b.i>  .        I.  A  1  irgi    rp  i  ■  iii  a  barn  f.--  ol  hay, 

'.'.    \   principal  compartment   or  division,  as  between 

I  ■  ■/.  ■  ,  I  i|..  ; 

Hat  'aril.  1  bot'ord;  8  hl'ar.l.  n.    1.  <  li.t.ill.r  d<-    117. 

Pierre  du  TerraU,  a  l  ranch  soldier  and  pattern  ol  knight- 
bood;  hence,  a  man  ol  heroic  courage  and  chlvab 
Thomai    i.  9   1898),  an    American   statesman,  nrst 

ami. 
h.it    bi-r'rt .    1    I-.    l..-r"i;   2   balji  One   of   various 

■myrtle  «.r  laurel,  or  its  fruil  baj  '- 
i..  r  \  tallow,  -va\  on  the  berries  •  •(  the  wa» 

iii >  rili-. 

Ila'tciii',    1    ba'yO  l».      Town    In    .Normandy, 

in  cathedral. 

ba> 'o-iu'l,  1  bfi'o  l  •  tab  or 

charge  with  a  bayonet  II.  n  \  d  iggi  r»like  weapon 
attachable  to  the  mtuale  ..f  a  musket  ..r  nfl<-.  pProb. 
I 

Ba"yonne',  1  ba'you  .'.  n.    1.  A  city  In  northeast 

New  Jersey;  pop.  66,000.  2.  A  fortified  town  in  France; 
pop   27.000. 

h.it  on,  1  biiiTi;  2  bi'u.  n  A  sluggish  inlet  or  outlet  from 
a  lake  ..r  Kay.    (  <  ( Shoctaw  h 

Bay-reatb',  n.    Same  as  Bami 

bay  rum.  An  aromatic  liquid  obtained  by  distilling 
rum  with  the  leaves  of  the  bayberry. 

bay'  -.ill".   ;  -It",  n.     Coarse  sail  ob- 

tained from  s.-a-tv.-it.-r  by  evaporation. 

bay'«trc»e",  1  l.r-'.tri";  2  ba'-tre",  n,  1.  The  laurel  of 
aoutbern  Europe;  the  bay.  2.  The  laurel  magnolia  <>f 
:.  North  America. 

bay  wln'dow.  Ircfc.  A  projecting  window«8tructure  ..f 
angular  plan,  reaching  to  the  ground,  as  distinguished 
from  an  oriel  win  i  *■  d  on  corbels  or  brackets) 

and  from  a  bow  win.|..w  (curved  in  plan). 

ba>  '.ttiiod",  1  i.< •'■wiul"; :.'  ba'-imod".  n.  A  coarse  mahogany 
from  Honduras  or  Campechc  Bay. 

ba-zaar',  /  1  be-sar';  2  ba-ziir',  n.    1.  An  Oriental  mar- 

ba-zar',     (keVplaoe  or  rang.-  of  Shops,     'i.  A   fancy  fair 

for  charity;  also,  B  store  for  the  Bale  Of  fancy  war.-.-,  toys, 

I  <  Per.  In'iz'ir,  mark.t  ) 

Ba"zalne',  1  bo'zen';  2  ba'zan'.  Francois  Achllle  (lHll- 

OCh  mar-lial;  BUrrcndcr.  <l   M.-tz.  Oct     11,    isTn 

bbl.,   brl.,  a*6r.    [bbu  .    pi.]  Barrel      B.  ('.,  nhhr.     Before 

OirLst.    Hoard   of   Control.    British   Columbia.  — B.    <'.    I.., 

nhhr.     Bachelor  of  <  Ivll  Law.     B.  I)..  abbr.    Bachelor  of 
Divinity. — bd.,  abbr.    Board,  bond,  bound. 
Ixli  I  ll-uin,  1  il.  I'l-um;   2  'l.'l'l-iim.  n.      1.  A  variety  of  gum 

found  In  India  and  Africa.    2.  \  gem,  perhaps  a  pearl, 
but   more  probably  amber.     [I...  <    Or.  bdellion,  a  plant, 
an<i  lu  fragrant  gum.) 
lull.,     abbr.    [imLs.,   pl.\   Bundle.  — bds.,   abbr.  Bookbinding. 

rrls. 
be,   1  bT;  2  be,  ri.  [am,  art,  is,  are,  pres.;  was,  wast, 
wkhk.  imp.;  in.,  were,  wi.icr,  tub}.;  be,  imper.:  been, 
pp.;  bedjo,  pprj    1.  Tohave ezisten  ruth  or 

:.   .  .  relation,  etc. 

:{.  I  .  take  place;  happen.  4.  To  belong;  pertain;  con- 
oera:  with  (".    [  -      Lc  be.] 

r;  on:  about:  used  (1)  In  its  original  prep- 

_■    to  render  Intransitive  verbs  transitive; 

from  adjectives  or  nouns:  (4)  to  Intensify 

the  notion  of  a  verb;  (5)  to  give  a  secondary  meaning  to  a 

simple  verb;  (6   wlthnoui  or  adverbs,  to  form 

7  j  with  prlva- 

I.  i  .  .  to  give  a  meaning  opposed  to  that  of  the 
simple  word;  iHt  without  special  force.  [<  AS.  be-,  bl-,  < 
M.  by.] 

compounds  of  be-  especially  needing  definition  are  given 
in  vocabulary  place.  Many  arbitrary  combinations  of  be-, 
that  may  he  made  at  will  by  prefixing  be-  to  a  verb,  a  noun, 
or  a  participle,  are  omitted  Home  self-explaining  forms 
-.(1  as  follows:  (I)  Verbs  or  participial  adjec- 
tives (sometimes  with  derived  nouns)  that  by  the  prefix 
be-  are  made  more  emphatic,  or,  when  made  from  nouns, 


l:a  =  final:    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    ttt  =  teud;    rtiin;    go;    rj  =  sinr;;   thin,   this. 
83         2:  wolf,  d«;  book,   boot;  fi|ll,  rule,  cure,  but,  burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


battled 
beat 


signify  to  make  like  or  affect  with  what  the  noun  indicates; 
as,  bepelt,  to  pelt  soundly;  beshine,  to  shine  upon  or  about: 
be-deaf'en        be-gird'*  be-mois'ten  be-sing' 

be-drab'ble      be-girt'a  be-mourn'  be-slub'ber 

be-drench't       be-hang'  be-mud'dle  be-soil' 

be-drug'  be-howl'  be-muse'  be-spread' 

be-dye'  be-li'bel  be-praise'  be-stain' 

be-fool'  be-maze'  be-rat'tlet  be-stud'd 

be-foul'  be-mir'ror         be-screen'  be-thump't 

be-fud'dle         be-mock't  be-shroud'd  be-thwack't 

(2)  Verbs  or  participial  adjectives  (sometimes  with  derived 
nouns)  that  by  the  prelix  be-  add  the  sense  of  supplying  with, 
covering,  daubing,  thoroughly  treating,  strewing  or  scatter- 
ing over,  or  the  like;  as  beinb,  to  daub  or  cover  with  ink: 
be-clothe'  be-gem'  be-patched't  be-slob'ber 
be-crown'  be-gild'*  be-plas'ter  be-smoke't 
be-drop'  be-gir'dle  be-rime'  be-snow' 
be-feath'er  be-grime  be-ringed'  be-span'gle 
be-flecked't  be-jew'el  be-sil'ver  be-streak't 
be-flow'er  be-li'bel  be-slab'ber  be-wig' 
be-foam'  be-mire'  be-slav'er  be-wim'ple 
be-fringe'             be-paint'           be-slime'               be-won'der 

(3)  Verbs  that  by  the  prefix  be-  add  the  sense  of  naming  or 
calling;  as,  beduke,  to  call  one  "duke": 

be-duke't  be-la'dy  be-mad'am  be-saint'd 

be-knave'  be-lord'd  be-mon'ster         be-scoun'drel 

(4)  Verbs  in  which  be-  modifies  the  meaning  of  a  simple  verb 
by  adding  a  prepositional  relation  so  that  it  either  becomes 
transitive  or  takes  a  different  object: 

be-splash'  be-strad'dle  be-tram'ple  be-weep' 

be-sprin'kle  be-strew'  be-tread'a  be-wrap' 

Be.,  abbr.    Beryllium.  —  b.  e.,  abbr.    Bill  of  exchange. 

beacb,  1  bldh;  2  bech.  I',  vt.  To  run  or  haul  up  on  a 
beach.  II.  n.  The  sloping  shore  of  a  body  of  water;  a 
wave-washed  margin;  strand.  Syn.:  see  bank;  margin. — 
beach'y,  a.    Abounding  in  beach  or  in  beaches;  shinely. 

bea'con,  1  bl'kan;  2  be'eon.  I.  vt.  To  furnish  with  a 
beacon;  light  up;  shine  as  a  beacon;  guide  by  a  light. 
II.  n.  A  prominent  object,  set  up  as  a  guide  or  warning 
to  mariners  or  others;  a  signal=fire  or  =light.  [<  AS. 
bedcen,  sign,  signal.] — bea 'con-age,  n.  A  tax  or  tribute  for 
maintaining  beacons. 

Bea 'cons-field,  1  bi'kanz-flld;2  be'cons-feld,  n.  See  Disraeli. 

bead,  1  bid;  2  bed.  Id.  vt.  &  vi.  To  decorate  with  or  as 
with  beading  or  beads;  collect  in  beads;  bubble;  foam; 
sparkle  II.  n.  1.  A  little  perforated  sphere  or  the  like 
intended  to  be  strung  on  a  thread  or  attached  to  a  fab- 
ric for  decoration.  2.  pi.  A  rosary;  hence,  prayers.  3. 
A  bubble  or  bubbles  of  gas  on  the  surface  of  a  liquid; 
froth.  3.  A  small  knob  used  as  the  front  sight  of  a  gun. 
4.  A  small  convex  molding.  [ME.  bede,  prayer,  bead]  — 
pair  of  beads,  a  rosary.  — to  draw  a  bead  on,  to  take  care- 
ful aim  at  with  a  firearm. — to  tell  or  say  one's  beads,  to 
recite  prayers. — bead'ing,  n.  Bead-like  ornamentation; 
beads  collectively;  beaded  fabrics. — bead'sroll'',  n.  1.  A 
list  or  catalog.  2||.  A  list  of  persons  or  objects  to  be  prayed 
for.— beads'man,  n.  [-men,  pi.]  1.  [Eng.]  An  almsman 
bound  to  pray  for  the  souls  of  the  founders  of  the  house; 
hence,  a  resident  of  an  almshouse.  2.  [Scot.)  A  privileged 
or  licensed  beggar  receiving  public  alms.  3.  One  who  prays 
for  another,  if.  A  petitioner,  bead  'man  t;  bede  'man  1; 
bedes'mant. — bead'y,  a.  Bead-like:  covered  with  or  as 
with  beads. 

bea'dl(ep,  1  bl'dl;  2  be'dl,  n.  [Eng.]  A  petty  parish  or  uni- 
versity official;  a  crier  or  messenger  of  a  court.  [< 
OHG.OF  bulll,  one  who  summons.) 

bea'gl(ep,  1  bi'gl;  2  be'gl,  n.  1.  A  small,  short=coated 
hunting-hound.  See  dog.  2.  A  constable.  3.  One  of 
various  small  sharks. 

beak,  1  bik;  2  bek,  n.  The  projecting  jaws  or  other 
mouth'parts  of  birds;  bill;  also,  the  prow  of  a  ship.  [  < 
LL.F  beccus,  beak.  1  — beaked,  a. 

beak'er,  1  blk'or;  2  bek'er,  n.  1.  A  large,  wide-mouthed 
cup  or  goblet.  2.  C'hem.  A  cylindrical  flat-bottomed 
vessel  of  thin  annealed  glass,  having  a  flaring  top:  used 
in  analysis,  etc.     [  <  Gr.'-L+Ic<!  bikox,  wine-jar.] 

be'=all",  1  bi'-el";  2  be'-al",  n.    All  that  Is  to  be;  the  finality. 

beam,  1  him;  2  bem,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  send  out  as  or  like 
rays  of  light.  2.  To  furnish  witli  or  as  with  beams.  3. 
To  burnish.  II.  i.  To  emit  light,  literally  or  figura- 
tively: shine.  —  beam'lng,  pa.  Radiant;  bright;  cheerful. 
Syn.:  see  bright.  —  beam'lng-ly,  adv. 

beam,  n.  1.  A  long  horizontal  piece  of  wood,  stone,  or 
metal  forming  part  of  the  frame  of  a  building  or  other 
structure.  2.  The  bar  of  a  balance,  3.  <  >nc  of  the  heavy 
pieces  of  timber  or  iron  set  transversely  across  a  vessel 
to  support  the  decks  and  stay  the  sides;  hence,  tin-  great- 
est width  of  a  vessel.  4.  A  horizontal  cylindrical  bar,  in 
a  loom,  upon  which  warp  or  woven  goods  are  wound.  5. 
A  ray  of  light,  or  a  group  of  nearly  parallel  rays.  [  < 
AS.  beam.  tree,  ray  of  light.] 


beam'y,  1  blm'i;  2  bem'y,  o.  1.  Radiant;  joyous;  glad- 
some. 2.  Like  a  beam;  massive.  3.  Naut.  Having 
much  breadth  of  beam. 

bean,  1  bin;  2  ben,  n.  1.  The  oval  edible  seed  of  one  of 
various  plants  of  the  bean  family.  2.  A  plant  that  bears 
beans.  3.  One  of  other  seeds  not  leguminous;  something 
likened  to  a  bean.    [  <  AS.  bean,  bean.] 

bear1,  1  bar;  2  bar,  v.  [bore  or  bare;  borne  or  born,  1 
born,  2  born;  bear'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  support;  hold  up; 
sustain;  convey;  carry.  2.  To  show  visibly;  display:  ex- 
hibit. 3.  To  suffer;  endure  or  undergo.  4.  To  have; 
hold;  maintain;  entertain.    5.  To  produce;  give  birth  to. 

6.  To  conduct  or  comfort  (oneself) ;  behave.  II.  i.  1. 
To  produce  fruit.  2.  To  be  able  to  sustain  a  desired 
weight.  3.  To  have  a  certain  direction;  take  an  aim  or 
course.  4.  To  rest  heavily;  lean;  press.  5.  To  be  in  a 
certain  direction.     6.  To  endure  with  patience;  suffer. 

7.  To  have  relation  or  reference;  be  pertinent.  [<  AS. 
beran,  carry,  wear,  bear,  suffer.]  Syn.:  see  abide;  carry; 
endure;  lean1,  v.;  produce;  support. — to  bear  a  hand,  to 
give  aid  quickly;  take  hold. — to  b.  away  (Araut.),  to  keep  off 
or  away  from  the  wind:  said  of  a  sailing  vessel.  —  to  b.  back, 
to  fall  back;  retreat. — to  b.  company,  to  accompany. — to 
b.  date,  to  have  the  time  of  writing  indicated  upon  it. — to 
b.  down,  to  force  down;  overpower  or  overcome. — to  b. 
down  upon  (Naut.) ,  to  approach  from  the  weather  side:  said 
of  a  vessel. — to  b.  in  mind,  to  keep  in  recollection;  remem- 
ber.—  to  b.  off.  1.  Naut.  To  keep  away  or  keep  clear.  2.  To 
gain  or  win. — to  b.  out,  to  support;  confirm;  justify.  —  to  b. 
up,  to  keep  up  strength  or  spirits. — to  b.  upon,  to  be  trained 
upon,  as  cannon,  so  as  to  bring  within  the  line  of  fire. — to  b. 
with,  to  show  forbearance. — to  b.  witness  to,  to  testify  in 
favor  of. — bear'a-bl(cp,  a.  Capable  of  being  borne. — 
bear'a-bly,  adv. — bear'er,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which 
bears,  carries,  or  has  in  possession.  2.  [Anglo-Ind.]  A  carrier 
or  porter;  also,  a  body-servant. — bear'ing,  n.  1.  The  act  of 
sustaining,  enduring,  producing,  etc.  2.  Deportment;  man- 
ner. 3.  Relation,  as  of  things  to  other  things;  connection; 
meaning.  4.  A  part  (of  a  machine)  that  rests  on  something, 
or  on  which  something  rests.  5.  A  heraldic  device.  Syn.:  see 
air2,  n.\  behavior;  direction. —  bear'ing=cloth",  n.  The 
cloth  in  which  a  child  was  carried  to  church  to  be  christened. 
bear'cloth"J. — b.  =rein,  n.    Same  as  check-rein. 

bear2,  vt.  [U.  S.]  Finance.  To  depress  the  price  of  (stocks, 
etc.)  by  selling  or  offering  to  sell. 

bear,  n.  1.  A  large  plantigrade  carnivore,  with  massive 
body  and  short  tail.  2. 
One  of  various  other  ani- 
mals like  or  likened  to  a 
bear;  as,  ant-bear.  3.  The 
caterpillar  of  the  tiger» 
moth;  woolly-bear.  4. 
One  of  two  constellations : 
see  below.  5.  Figuratively, 
an  ill-mannered  or  mo- 
rose person.  6.  Finance. 
A  speculator  who  seeks 
to  depress  prices  or  who 
sells  in  the  belief  that 
there  is  likely  to  be  a  de- 
cline in  prices. — Great  Bear  (Ursa  Major),  a  large  northern 
constellation.  See  constellation.  The  Dipper!.— Little 
It.  (Ursa  Minor),  a  northern  constellation  Including  the  pole* 
star.  See  constellation;  pointers.  — The  I!..  Russia. — 
bcar'=gar"den,  n.  A  place  where  bears  are  kept  for  sport; 
hence,  a  scene  of  tumult  or  strife.  —  bear 'herd",  n.  A  keeper 
and  exhibitor  of  bears.— bear'lsh,  a.  Like  a  bear;  rough: 
surly.  —  b. deader,  n.  One  who  leads  about  a  trained  bear; 
hence,  a  private  tutor.  — b.=plt,  n.  A  place,  usually  a  pit, 
where  bears  are  kept  inazoological  garden-  bear'skin",  n. 

1.  The  skin  of  a  bear;  also,  a  coal  or  robe  made  of  such  skin. 

2.  A  shaggy  woolen  stuff  for  outer  wear.  :t.  A  tall  black  fur 
cap,  as  worn  by  drum-majors  or  by  the  Fool  'guards  of  the 
British  army.  — bear'ward",  n.    A  bear-keeper. 

bear2,  1  blr;  2  her,  n.  [North.  Eng.  or  Scot]  Four-rowed  bar- 
ley.   [<  AS.  bere;  see  barley.)    beret. 

beard,  1  bird;  2  herd.  I'1.  vt.  To  take  by  the  beard;  pull 
the  beard  of;  defy.  II.  n.  1.  The  hair  on  a  man's  face, 
especially  on  the  chin.  2.  Some  similar  growth  or  ap- 
pendage; a  tuft  of  hair-like  processes;  an  awn,  as  of 
grass;  the  barb  of  an  arrow  or  of  a  book,  (  <  AS.  beard.] 
— beard  'ed,n.  Having  a  beard.— beard 'less,  a.  without 
a  beard;  young;  Inexperienced,      heard  'less-ness,  n. 

beast,  1  blsl ;  2  best,  n.  1.  One  of  the  inferior  animals;  a 
quadruped.  2.  A  rude  or  filthy  person.  |<  L.  beslia, 
beast]    Syn.:  see  animal. 

— beast'ly,  a.      Resembling  B   beast;   brutish;   vile;   de- 
graded.   Syn.:  see  brutish.— beasl  'U-ness,  n. 

beat,  1  bit;  2  bet,  v.  [beat;  beat'bn  or  beat,  heat'n1'; 
beat'ino.]   1. 1.   1.  To  strike  repeatedly,  either  heavily 


In  .  .  h 


i         ,  hit,  poll  0      no!,  flr;    fu'!,  rO!.       (•III.  LOrn; 

i  >t.  a  .iiii,.i.  not,  or,  won, 


K4 


II 

1 

.»  Illi  :i 

With  :i 

xnIHi'Ii 

I 

Hence 
.    ER;slBDl'l 

i  a,  go  under,  surren- 
ind  can 

.  I  lie  use 


1  !    a  .irn  smooth  or 

I.,    il    .  r.    . 
br»(. 

i .  .  illy  one  producing 

i  or  throb,  aa 

.  regularly  recurring 

gularly  trav- 

man     4.  A  ouf  A  tack  to 

'>.  1 1  Priority  oi  pub- 

I  rival 
i..  under  DEAD. 

-i  \ .  .  i-fy,  it.    |-t  mo;  -'■ 

I.  .  '.  To  declare 

as  "blessed  by  an  ad 

lic'a- 

1 1  f  if  .  ess;  bllss- 

i,.    i-ui  i-.  .il. .     beatific  vision,  the  vision  of  God;  a 

l».-.i t  "l-li-<  .i   lion,  n.    The 
act  of  blessing,  or 
be-at  'i-i  mlf.  I-  Supreme 

bleaaedneas  or  feli  .•;.    '£.  >  •:.•     :  u..  eight  declarations  oi 

the  Mount 

■     BEA  I  II  1    | 
I  ,.  Ilavl.l 

cardinal;  a-  II'    i  hum:. 

Be'»-trn  i-.  I.  A  Florentine  lady 

(126«  ne  Comedy).    2.  The 

.akespeare's  Much  Ado  About  Sothtng. 
Beat  1 1  -  ba'tl,  James  (1735-1803). 

^ir  l>.i\J.i     1-71-         ).  A  British 
.  idron  in  Noi 

beau.  .  !  ilr:  good:  nne;  beautiful.  —  beau  inunde, 

le  society. 
beau.  .  •  beaux,  1  bSs :  2  b 

I .  '.'.     (  tolloq.J  A: 

tty.] 
bfau'f'i.  .  t  cupboard;  buffet. 

Beau'b.n.  Ilcnr)     1370-  1447). 

Hi  nry  VI. 

Beau"bar"ii,ii-  I.Alexandre, 

\  h  mn i.  ii 

I    i  niii-iM   de  b  general,    t. 

Unit,  dm   \  ug<  nil  'I    . 
beau'H-flc'.il.  .  ..1;2  t*V-i-de'al,  n.    The  highest 

Beau"mar"(  b.il-   .  Pierre 

Auzu-tln  (   mm  d< 
Beau'mont,    1    t-V:  lr.nn  I-         i84-1616). 

Beau're-gard.  Pierre  G.  T.  (1818- 

beau"- -  r*ae-*fi',  n      The  standard 

(sable  and  .:  '  tsTem plan;  also,  their  bat- 

tle*:- tueeasU,  perh.  <  bauctrU,  black-and-white 

■potted.]    beau"ce-ant':. 


In    in    le-mi-.  I  lill  ..I  lii:ml\  ; 

lii  nli    mi-    .  lUtiful     .Syn.:  -.  ■    in  m   i  ii  i  i 

In      III       I.-I.|l>-Il.  III. Ill       ll-.HI--ll.NS,     fl 

lii   hi   il-liil.     1  biO  tl  I'll;  2  Imi  ii  lul.  •  g  I..H- 

brll  'Il-liil    .  i  \r.  llmg  in  I, .iin  01 

ind  hfti  monious 

a  Itching,  bonny,  charming, 
mt,  exquisite,  fair,  line,  graceful, 
must  be  hiir- 
ind  In  human  beings  spiritual  loveliness,  to 
;  hus,  we 
.  m     But  btauti- 
ooncrete  objet  is,  ■oftnea  of  outline  and 
of  mold;  II  iall  thai  Is  bard  and  i 

.  •■  thai  "  blch 
:v  refined  taste  In  ol  parattvely  »m:i  1 1,  slight,  and 

dalnt)  Thai  is  handsonu  which  Is  nol  only  superficially 
pleasing,  bul  well  and  harmonious]}  proportioned  Wand- 
Is  :i  term  fur  Inferior  to  beautiful;  we  maj  eves 
handsom*  villain;  Oguratlvely,  hatutsomt  denotes  liberal, 
magnanimous,  <>r  generous  In  ■  nigh  and  worth}  way.  Fair 
denotes  «  bal  la  bright,  smooth,  clear,  and  wlthou!  blemish; 
Mr  face.  The  wr.i  applies  wholly  to  what  is  super- 
Octal;  we  can  say  "fair,  yel  false."    in  a  specific  sen 

has  the  sense  of  blond,  as  opi 1  to  dark  oi  brunette,    one 

who  p  using  qualities  may  be  attractive  without 

beauty.    Comtl%  denotes  an  aspect  that  hi  smooth,  genial, 
and  wholesome,  with  ■  certain  fulness  of  contour  and 
Ing  symmetry,  tho  tailing  short   ol  the  beautiful; 
cmiiy  matron.    That  Is  jricluresQut  whlob  would  make  a 
striking  picture.    Bee  nm:  aBAcarcrL:  lovklt,     Ant:  awk- 
ward, olumsy,  deformed,  disgusting,  frightful,  ghastly,  grim, 
grisly,  grotesque,  hideous,  horrid,  odious,  repul  Ive, 
Ing,  ugly,  unattractive,  uncouth,  ungainly,  unlovely,  un- 
rrep.:   Beautiful  to  the  eye;  beautiful  in  ap- 
pearance, («  spirit;  '•beautiful  for  situation,"  /'.v.  xlvill,  2. 

beautiful  a/ aspect,  of  Its  kind. 

—  beau'tl-ful-ly,  nd».— -beau'tl-ful-ness,  n.—  beau'tl- 

fy,  n.  Ac  it.    [-ran;  -rrTno.]    Tf>  make  or  grow  beautiful; 

adorn.    Syn.:  see  adorn;  iukm.-ii.     hcau"tl-tl-ca'tloii,  n. 

—  beau'tl-fled.  pa.—  beau'tl-H"or,  n. 

Iicail'ty,  l\  liiu'ti;  2  biVty,  n.     [10.  \i  '  1 1  DS*,  pi  ]     1.  That 

beu'ty1',  (quality  of  objects  that  gratifies  the  esthetic 

nature;  the  perfection  of  form  resulting  from  the  har- 
monious combination  of  diverse  elements  in  unity     'i- 
The  Benae  ol  the  beautiful;  the  esthetic  faculty.    8,  A 
person  or  thing  that  is  beautiful,  especially  a  woman. 
<   F.  beauti,    <   I..  bellus,  beautiful.]     beaul'tef. — 
beau'tyspot",  n.    A  small  black  patch  put  on  the  face  to 
bi  the  brilliance  of  the  complexion 
Ilea  ii  "vats',  1  bo"v6':2  bO'va',  n.  A  cathedral  city  of  northern 

France;  pop.  i7,ooo. 

beaux,  1  Ms;  2  bi"is,  n.    Plural  of  beau. 

ben'ver  .  l  bl'\  sr;  2  bft'ver,  n.    1.  An  amphibious  rodent 

I  like  form,  with  a  scaly,  Hat,  oval  tail  and  webbed 

hind  feet,  noted  for  skill  in  damming  .shallow  streams, 

arel  valued  for  its  fur.     '£.  The  fur  of  the  beaver  or  a  hat 

made  of  i';  hence,  humorously,  a  high  silk  hat.    3.  A 

heavy  milled  woolen  cloth.    1  <  As.  /..  u  r  ] 

be.i'wr',  n.    A  movable  piece  of  medieval  armor  covering 

t  he  lower  part  of  the  face.    [  <  OF.  baviere,  prop,  bib,  < 

aliva.] 

be-talm',  1  bi-kam';  2  be-cam',  rf.    To  make  calm;  still; 

delay  (a  ship,  etc.)  by  reason  of  a  calm. 
be-eanie',  1  bi-kfm';  2  be-cam',  imp.  of  uecome,  p. 
Iie-raiise',  1  l,i-koz';  2  be-cas'.     I.  adv.    By  reason  (oQ- 
II.  For  t  he  reason  that  (literally,  by  cause) ;  since. 

I  <  B»--r  cauo,  n.i 

Syn.:  as,  for,  forasmuch  as,  Inasmuch  as,  since.    Because, 

literally  &V«cause,  Is  the  most  direct  and  complete  word  for 

giving  the  reason  ol  a  thing.    Since,  originally  denoting  suc- 

i  in  t  line,  Bignmet  a  succession  in  a  chain  of  reasoning, 

•    result.    As  indicates  something  like, 

coordinate,    parallel.      Strtrr   Is   weaker   than    tnroiij;   at   Is 

weaker  than  sinn:  either  may  introduce  the  reason  before 
the  main  statement;  thus,  rlnci  or  m  you  are  going,  I  will 
accompany  you.  Often  the  weaker  word  Is  the  more  courte- 
i'.t  for  example,  a*  you  request  It, 
I  will  come,  rather  than  I  will  come  because  you  request  It. 

•■.rm.-il  and  ipialltled  expression.  Implying 
by  Ju-t  -"  much,  and  no  more;  thus.  Inasmuch  as  the  debtor 

i  abandon  the  claim.    Forasmuch  as  is  ar- 

Vdt  Ls  a  loose  con- 

Decttve,  -ometimes  fully  equal  to  because,  but  oftener  giving 

mere  suggestion  or  indication  rather  than  reason  or  cause; 
as,  it  is  morning,  /or  (not  becav  I  I  the  birds  are  singing. — 
Ant.:  aitho.  however,  nevertheless,  notwithstanding,  yet. 
Compare  also  synonyms  for  but;  NOTWiTHBTAHnnco;  thebe- 
rOBB.  Prep.:  because  of  Is  used  as  a  prepositional  phrase, 
signifying  by  reason  of,  on  account  of. 
bec"ca-h"ro,  1  bek'a-fTko:  2  b6e*a-fl'eo, ».  [-r;osx,  pi.)  One 
of  various  small  European  birds,  mostly  warblers,  supposed 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  o«t;    ell;    10  =  feud;    «5hin;    go;    t)  =  e'mg;    fhin,    this.  beat 

85  2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  beech 


to  eat  figs,  especially  the  garden*warbler,  much  esteemed  as 
food.  [It.,  <  beccare,  peck  (<  becco,  beak,  re.),  +  flco, 
<  L.  flcus,  fig.]  bec"ca-fl'cat;  bec"ca-fl'got;  bec'ca- 
flguej. 

be-chance',  1  bi-clians';  2  be-chanc',  vt.  &  vi.  [be- 
chanced'4; be-chanc'ing.]    To  befall;  happen. 

beche"sdesmer',  1  besli"=da=mar';  2  bech"=de=rac-r/,  re.  The 
trepang.    [F.] 

beck',  1  bek;  2  b§k,  vt.  &  vi.    To  beckon. 

beck1,  re.    A  nod  or  other  sign  of  wish  or  command. 

beck2,  re.  A  small  brook,  or  the  valley  in  which  it  runs. 
[<  Ice.  bekkr,  stream,  brook.] 

beck3,  re.  A  tank  or  vat,  as  for  dye  or  soap;  a  back.  [Perhaps 
cor.  of  back2,  re.] 

Beck'et,  lbek'et;  2bek'et,  Thomas  a  (1117-1170).  An  En- 
glish prelate,  chancellor,  and  archbishop;  murdered  in  Can- 
terbury cathedral. 

beck 'on,  1  bek'n;  2  bSk'n,  t>.  I.  t.  To  summon  by  ges- 
ture. II.  i.  To  make  a  mute  signal,  as  with  the  hand  or 
head.     [  <  AS.  bedcnian,  beckon,  nod.] 

be-cloud'd,  1  bi-klaud';  2  be-cloud',  vt.  To  obscure; 
darken. 

be-come',  )1   bi-kum';  2  be-com',  v.     [be-came';  be- 

bc-cum'p,  )  come';  be-com'ing]  \.t.  1.  To  accord  with; 
befit.  2.  To  set  off ;  grace :  said  erf  articles  of  dress.    II.  i. 

1.  To  come  to  a  state  or  condition  from  any  previous 
one.  2.  To  begin;  come  about.  3.  To  be  fit  or  suitable. 
[<  AS.  becuman,  befall.]    Syn.:  see  make. 

be-com 'in g,    )  1  bi-kum'in ;  2  be-com'ing,  pa.  1.  Appro- 

he-cum'ingp,  S  priate;  suitable.  2.  Pleasing;  adorning. 
Syn.:  befitting,  beseeming,  comely,  congruous,  decent, 
decorous,  fit,  fitting,  graceful,  meet,  neat,  proper,  seemly, 
suitable,  worthy.  That  is  becoming  in  dress  which  suits  the 
complexion,  figure,  and  other  qualities  of  the  wearer,  so  as 
to  produce  on  the  whole  a  pleasing  effect.  That  is  decent 
which  does  not  offend  modesty  or  propriety.  That  is  suit- 
able which  is  adapted  to  the  age,  station,  situation,  and  other 
circumstances  of  the  wearer;  coarse,  heavy  boots  are  suitable 
for  farm«work;  a  juvenile  style  of  dress  is  not  suitable  for  an 
old  lady.  In  conduct  much  the  same  rules  apply.  The  dig- 
nity and  gravity  of  a  patriarch  would  not  be  becoming  to  a 
child;  at  a  funeral  lively,  cheery  sociability  would  not  be 
decorous,  while  noisy  hilarity  would  not  be  decent;  sumptuous 
display  would  not  be  suitable  for  a  poor  person.  Fit  is  a  com- 
pendious term  for  whatever  fits  the  person,  time,  place,  oc- 
casion, etc.;  as,  a  fit  person;  a  fit  abode;  a  fit  place.  Fitting, 
or  befitting,  is  somewhat  more  elegant,  implying  a  nicer  adap- 
tation. Meet  is  somewhat  archaic,  expressing  now  chiefly  a 
moral  fitness;  as,  meet  for  heaven.  Compare  appropriate; 
beautiful. — Ant.:  awkward,  ill=becoming,  ill-fitting,  im- 
proper, indecent,  Indecorous,  unbecoming,  unfit,  unseemly, 
unsuitable. — Prep.:  The  dress  was  becoming  to  the  wearer. 
Such  conduct  was  becoming  in  him. 

— be-com 'ing-ly,  adv. — be-com 'Ing-ness,  n. 

Becque"rel',  lbek"rel';2bek"rer,  Antolne Henri  (1852-  ). 
French  physicist;  discoverer  of  invisible  rays  named  for  him. 
— Becquerel  rays,  rays  resembling  Roentgen  rays  in  their 
ability  to  pass  through  objects  opaque  to  visible  radiation 
and  in  their  photographic  action,  emitted  by  radioactive 
substances,  as  radium. 

bed,  1  bed;  2  b6d,  v.  [bed'ded"1;  bed'dino.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
lay  in  or  as  in  a  bed;  put  to  bed;  furnish  a  bed  for.  2. 
To  set  out  or  plant  in  a  bed,  as  shrubs.  3.  To  occupy  a 
bed  with;  cohabit  with.  II.  i.  1.  To  sleep.  2.  To  oc- 
cupy the  same  bed ;  cohabit. 

bed,  n.  1.  An  article  of  furniture  to  rest  or  sleep  in  or 
on;    a  couch,   either  the  ._    .        „      .  _   . 

stuffed  tick,  mattress,  or  .        Modern  Metal  Bed. 

the  like,  on   which    the  n 
body  rests,  the  mattraes 
and  bedclothes,  the  bed- 
stead, or  all  combined. 

2.  Hence,  any  place  or 
thing  used  for  a  couch 
or  for  pleeping  in  or  on. 

3.  Something  likened  to 
or  serving  aa  a  bed, 
foundation,  or  support; 
as,  the  bed  of  a  lake; 
the  bed  of  a  printing* 
press.  4.  A  layer;  de-  " 
posit.  5.  Conjugal  cohabitation,  or  the  right  to  it. 
[<  AS.  bed.] 

—  bed 'cham"bcr,  re.  A  sleeping-apartment;  bedroom. — 
bed'clothes,  re.  pi.  Covering  for  a  bed.  —  bed'fcl"low,  re. 
One  who  shares  a  bed  with  another.  — bed 'pan",  re.  1.  An 
earthenware  or  porcelain  vessel  to  be  used  1"  bed  by  a  sick 
person.  2.  A  warmlng.pan.—  bed'splate",  re.  A  foundii- 
tlon«plate,  as  of  an  engine  or  machine.  bed'plece"t. — 
bed'quilt",  re.     A  quilt  for  a  bed;  coverlet.  —  bed-rock,  re. 


tilling 


The  solid  rock  underlying  the  looser  materials  of  the  earth's 
surface. — bed 'room",  re.  A  sleeping-room.  —  bed'side",  re. 
Place  by  a  bed;  the  side  of  the  bed.  —  bed=sore,  re.  An  ulcer 
on  the  body,  caused  by  lying  long  in  one  position.  —  bed'- 
spread",  re.  A  quilt  or  counterpane. — bed'straw",  re.  One 
of  various  plants  of  the  madder  family  formerly  used  as 
stuffing  in  beds. — bed'tick",  re.  The  stout  outer  covering  of 
a  mattress.  —  bed 'time",  re.  The  hour  for  going  to  bed. — 
bed  'ward,  adv.    1.  Toward  bed.    2.  Toward  bedtime. 

Be'da,  1  be'da;  2  be'da,  n.  (673-735.)  An  English  monk ;"the 
father  of  English  learning."  Venerable  Bedet  (1  bid;2  bed). 

be-dab'ble,  )  1  bi-dab'l;  2  be-dub'l,  vt.     [-bled,  -bldp; 

be-dab'lp,  £-bling.]  To  sprinkle  or  splash  with  liquid; 
dabble. 

be-dag'glet,  rt.    To  soil  the  bottom  of  (dress),    be-dag't. 

be-daub',  1  bi-deb';2be-dab',  vt.  1.  To  smear  with  some- 
thing oily  or  sticky;  soil;  abuse;  vilify.  2.  To  load  with 
vulgar  ornament  or  flattery. 

Bed 'a-wi,  1  bed'a-wi;  2  bed'a-wT,  re.  [-win,  1  -win;  2  -win,  pi.] 
A  Bedouin.    Bed'a-wee;J  Bed'a-wyt. 

be-daz'zl(ep,  1  bi-daz'l;  2  be-dSz'l,  vt.  [-zled;  -zling.] 
To  blind  by  excess  of  light;  bewilder;  confuse;  dazzle. 

bed 'bug",  1  bed'bug";  2  bSd'bug",  n.  A  bloodsucking 
wingless  bug  of  reddish=brown  color  and  vile  odor,  in- 
festing houses  and  especially  beds. 

bed'ding,  1  bed'irj;  2  bfid'ing,  n.  1.  The  furnishings  for  a 
bedstead.  2.  Straw  or  other  litter  for  animals  to  sleep 
on.  3.  A  putting  to  bed.  4.  That  which  forms  a  bed  or 
foundation.    5.  Geol.  Stratification. 

Bede,  Ibid;  2bed,n.     Same  as  beda.  [Syn.:  see  adorn. 

be-deck'1,  1  bi-dek':   2  be-dek',  vt.     To  deck;    adorn. 

bede'man,  re.    Same  as  beadsman,    bedes'mant. 

be-dev'll,  1  bi-dev'l;  2  be-dev'l,  vt.  [-iled  or  -illed;  -il- 
ing  or  -il-ling.]  1.  To  possess  with  or  as  with  a  devil; 
bewitch;  distract.  2.  To  make  or  transform  into  a  devil. 
3.  To  subject  to  diabolical  treatment  or  abuse.  4.  To 
spoil  as  by  witchcraft;  muddle. — be-dev'il-nient,  n. 

be-dew',  1  bi-difi';  2be-du',  vt.    To  distil,  as  dew.  upon. 

Bed 'ford,  1  bed'fard;  2  bed'ford,  re.  1.  A  city  in  eastern  cen- 
tral England;  pop.  39,000.  2.  Duke  of  (1389-1435).  John 
Plantagenet;  English  statesman:  regent  of  France. 

be-digbt',  1  bi-dait';  2  be-dlt',  vt.  [be-dight'  or  be-dight'- 
ed<i;  be-dight'ing.]  To  furnish  with  dress  or  ornament; 
adorn;  apparel;  bedeck. 

be-dim',  1  bi-dim';  2  be-dim',  vt.  [be-dimmed,  be- 
dimo'8;  be-dim'ming.]    To  make  dim;  obscure. 

be-diz'en,  1  bi-diz'n  or  bi-dai'zn;  2  be-diz'n  or  be-dl'zn, 
vt.  To  dress  out;  adorn  with  tawdry  splendor,  be- 
diz'zeni.— be-diz'en-ment,  re. 

bed 'lam,  1  bed'lam;  2  bed'lam,  n.  1.  An  excited  crowd; 
an  incoherent  uproar.  2.  An  asylum  for  the  insane; 
madhouse.  3t-  [B-]  The  hospital  of  St.  Mary  of  Bethle- 
hem in  London,  originally  a  priory:  the  original  sense. 
4f.  An  inmate  of  Bedlam.  5f.  A  madman.  [Cor.  of 
Bethlehem.]— bed'lam-ite,  re.  An  inmate  of  Bedlam;  a 
lunatic. 

Bed'ou-in,  1  bed'u-in  or  -in;  2  bed'u-in  or  -in,  n.  1.  One 
of  the  nomadic  Arabs  of  Syria,  Arabia,  etc.  2.  Hence, 
any  nomad  or  vagabond.  [  <  Ar.F  badawiy,  desert" 
dweller]    Bed'a-weent ;  Bed'u-lnt. 

be-drag'gle, }  1  bi-drag'l;  2  be-dr&g'l,  vt.  &  vi.    [-gled, 

be-drag  'Ip,  )  -gld(1  ;  -gling  .]  To  make  or  become  wet  or 
soiled,  as  by  dragging. 

bed'rid"den, )  1  bed'rid"n;  2  bgd'rid"n,  a.     Confined  to 

bed'rid"n'',  S  bed  by  sickness  or  weakness.  [Corr.  < 
AS.  bedrida,  <  bed,  bed,  +  rida,  rider.]    bed 'rid"!. 

bed 'stead,  /l  bed'sted;  2  bed'sted,  re.    A  framework  for 

bed'sted8,  )  supporting  a  mattress,  bedding,  etc.  [< 
AS.  bed,  bed,  +  stcde,  place] 

bee,  1  hi;  2  be,  n.  1.  A  social  honey«gathering,  hymenop- 
terous  insect,  domesticated  in 
hives  for  many  centuries  on 
account  of  the  wax  and  honey 
it  affords;  especially,  the  com- 
mon hive»bee.  2.  A  gathering  of  neighbors 
for  work  or  amusement.  [<  AS.  bed.] — 
bee'ebrcad",  re.  Pollen  as  stored  by  bees  for 
food.  —  bec=cater,  re.  Any  animal  that  eats 
bees;  especially,  a  bird  that  feeds  on  bees. — 
bee»gluc,  re.  A  resinous  substance  collected 
by  bees  from  certain  plants,  as  the  wild  poplar* 
tree,  and  used  to  cement  the  comb  to  tl»'  hive, 
etc.;  propolis-  bee 'hive",  n.  1.  A  hive  for  a 
colony  of  honeybees.  2.  Any  place  Oiled  with  busy 
workers  bccllne,  re.  The  shortest  course  from  one  placo 
to  another,  as  of  a  bee  to  Its  bive. 

beech,  1  bleTi;  2  bech,  re.  A  forest,  tree  of  the  oak  family 
with  smooth,  ash«gray  bark,  or  one  of  various  trees 
somewhat  resembling  it,  as  the  blue  beech,  Australian 


|?ff^ 


Bees.     >/» 
Work«.  •-'. 
Dron«.  8.  Ui» 


Krllrn 


I  >  I  ■  •  •  ■  i 


»  1  i  .«'.  Ar;   full.  rflle;    I'lit,  oOrn; 

.        .  i  at.  a  .ill  i  0      0      <>r,  «6h,    H6 


bmh   mil 

. 

i    ii.  nr>   \>  u>d 

I    i  \  ni. hi 

I  .  1  :tilnl( 

' 
I 

.Irl.  .1   b      ! 

till  itf   b  |.  rki  .1    b.         ■    i>  hk  !. 

I..  .  I     i.  I.I   Ike 

I 

•    «   well- 

.  attend 

Harder* 

uniform:  com- 

I.  A  blue- 

I.    1    •  !    .    '        •.'.    I 
l>.  .  k.     .  \ 

i  I.  The  prince 

it.  I  /.  -hub:. 

I  lented  H<  | u<  >r 

atly  fermented  bev- 

licor'i- 
beer'lsh,  • 

beer  i-ti-i> .  beer'] .  a. 

i  !  -  tainted  « Ith 

'  beer;  maudlin. 
Town  mi 

ng.  or  pi.     The  Orst 

milk  from  a  cow  ar  bfttina,  <  '•■ 

I',  i  •   «  u  '.  I  .  I    .  smear 

II.  ted  by  honey 

■mb. 

\  ttimy  crust  of  scales 

-ironthesu-'  .Id  wines,  as  port;  also,  the 

:  a  bien- 
nial I 

beet ' =r«n>i ". 

•;ilant. 
i  -ven,  I.ud « lie  van  (1770- 

I  u;  BeVtUNG.]    To 

:■  with  or  as  with  a  beetle, 

■ 

liee'tle    lirnwtll", 

II  BOP- 

khead. 
mal.]— 
Catorado  beetle,  bee'Ue>head',ed,  a. 

dull. 

r  or  mallet;  a  mauL 

-shln':2  l*"'tllni;-ma-chin", 
hey  an-  wound  over  a 
-  .:i'-r 

bull,  ox,  ful!  .  or  oow 

. 


ling  . 

I..  •    u.  .  I. 


■   . 
i..  -fill. 

i     T 


n.    Plural  of  beep. 

i/iar,  be- 

L  '       i  :•■  :i  to.     II. 

•  fealian, 


[  • 

LPPEN. 

LL,  '. 

i"  -in  '•  .  be-fit'tihg  ] 

be-flt'ting, 

5ynj  see  appropriate;  be- 
■ 
fee-Cag  '■ 

bewilder. 
L  1.  In  froDt;  ahead. 

II-    r<p.    1.  In  front  of ;  ahead 
3.  hi  advi 
in  rai  L  In  pi  n  with. 

•h:  in  the  preaence  or  within  the  juris- 
diction or  cognizance  of.    6.  Demanding  the  immediate 


III.  I.  Rather  than     I.  Pre> ■  to 

in  -I. in    li  mil  .    I.         Being  in  ■  iu«  ■  in  um 

ii.  .  ill.  time, 

i..  -i..r.    i  Inn  in  former  time 

i>.-iri.  mi    .  I.    To  be  a  tn.  ii. I 

be- trend    .  md  bj  ;  b<  lp  is  tit  ■  ■   ol  oi  ■  .1 

II)   I   I' 

(.'   ..'..!-,..    II.'         I. 

..lull  in  .!    i  S.  To 

1 1 . 

LEAD      lo  bag 
the  question,  I  for  granted  the  matter  In  dispute, 

i..  -k  in  '.  I  i 'i  Kan'; 2  be  fan,  Imp  of  bboi 
be-get  .  in  -..in '  i.r  mi  ..  i  i '.  hi  - 

....i '  ■  in  -..i  i '  i  is..  I    To  pro- 

i  ■!  ing  into  existence.    [  <  AS   I 
be-gel  iit,  n. 
beg; 'gar,  ]  b  I.   '     I.  To  reduce  to  want; 

unpovi  '.  h      "'.   I"  outdo:  exhaust      II.         I  Ins  who 
,  i  humorously  i  fellow;  rot 

beg'gar-dom,  n    The  realm  or  brother  I dof  beggars;  beg- 

gary.  beg'gar-hoodt.  beg'gar-ly,  a.  Miserably  poor; 
mean; sordid,  Synj  see rabi  beg 'gar>lMiess,  n.  hru'- 
K.ir-i>   .  in  the  inaiiiiir  of  a  beggar;  meanly;  suppll- 

antly      beg'gar'i  lire".         \  plants  bearing 

prickly  fruit  which  adheres  readily  to  clothes      heg'gar« 

ticks  ,n  pi.    Tin- i.iir-niarik'iiiii. or  Its  a la     beg'gar-> .  n. 

i.  •■■mi-  Indigence  or  deficiency.  '!.  Beggars  as  a  elase. 
:i.  The  act  or  habit  of  begging.    Syn  ;  --. .-  i  ..\  i  hty. 

hr-gltl  '.   1    I  .' ,  r       [hi. -i.  an'  or  Bl    '.in',  iii  - 

ii -..in'nin..  I    I.'     To  take  the  first  step  ii 
n  to ;_  start.    11./     I.  To  take  the  first  step  ;sta 
To  come  in  I  irise;  originate.    [<  \>  be-,  BE-, 

+  -ginnan, open.]    be-glnne't.  mm  re. — be- 

gin'ner,  n.    1.  a  founder;  originator.    2.  a  novice;  tyro, 
be-gin  'ning,  1  In-:'  n'ing,  n.    1.  The  starting* 

point;  origin.    2.  The  first  stage  or  part.    8.  ["hi 
..i  first  cause  of  anything. 

Syn.:  arising,  commencement,  fount,  fountain,  limugura- 
1 1. hi.    Inception,   Initiation,   opening,   origin,   outset,   rise, 
b,  spring,  start,    The  Latin.  more  for- 

mal than  tin  ting,  as  the  verb  i 

is  more  formal  th  to  nent  is  tor  the  most 

part  n  Olie  form  Ol  an  Ion,  w  hlle  f)l  dinning  has  no 

•um.  i .ut  may  be  applied  to  whatever  may  he  con- 
:  of  as  having  a  tirsi  part,  point,  degree,  etc.    The  letter 

ol  every  alpha- 
bet. In  numerous  i  are  preferable 
I.,  commenci  and  -  ent.  "in  tin-  beginning  God 
ed  the  heaven  and  the  earth."  Gen.  1,  I.  An  origin  is 
tin-  point  from  which  something  starts  or  sets  out.  often  in- 
volving causal  connection;  as.  the  origin  of  evil;  the  origin 
of  a  nation,  a  government,  or  a  family.  A  ouret  Is  that  which 
furnishes  a  ilr.st  and  continuous  supply:  as,  the  source  of  a 
river.  il  1  n - 1 ur:i t  loir,  fertile 
land  Ls  a  sourct  mot  an  origin)  of  wealth.     A  rist  is  thought 

nan  action;  we  say  that  a  lake  Is  the  ourc*  of  a  certain 

river,  or  that  the  river  takes  its  ri  .   from  the  lake.     Fount, 

fountain,  and  spring,  in  their  figurative  senses,  keep  close  to 
their  literal  meaning.  Compare  CATJBE.  Ant.:  See  syn- 
onyms for  END. 

ne-gon  e1',  1  bi-gen'  nterj.    Depart!  away! 

ite-Ko'nl-a.  1  bi-go'ni-a;  :i  be-gO'nl-a,  ".    a  plant  of  a  larye 
with  brilliantly  colored  leaves  and  showy  Irregular 
Sowers.    [<  Michel  Blgon,  i  rencfa  botanist.] 

he-got ',  1  bl-gef  ;2  be-g£f,  ('»/'..  he-got  'ten.  pp.  of  BBOBT,  r. 

I>c-griid(ce',  1  bi-groj';  2  be-igruag/,  dged'; 

ni.-i.i'.rii.,'iN.,  ]    'I'.,  envy  one  the  possession  of. 
be-grlpe't,  vt.    To  seize,    be-grype't. 
Iie-i;ulle',  1  bi-coil';  2  be-ju',  vt.  [be-gutled';  BE-anii,'- 

I.NO.]     1.  To  deceive;  delude.     'I.  To  relieve  the  tedium 
of;    while    away;    eharm;    divert.       [<    be-    -f-    GUILE.) 
Syn.:  tain. 

—  be-gulle'iiienl,  n. 

be'gum,  1  bl'grrm;  2  be/gum,  n.  A  Motiammerian  princess,  or 
woman  of  rank  In  India.  [<  Hind,  begam.]  bee'gumt; 
he'gaum:.  [gonne't. 

be-gun',  1  bl-gun';  2  be-gun',  imp.  &  pp.  of  jskgis,  v.     be- 

lie-h.ilf ',  1  bi-hnf';  2  be-haf',  n.  The  interest  or  defense 
(of  any  one) :  preceded  by  in,  on,  or  upon. 

be-have',  1  hi-hev';  2  he-hav',  v.  [be-haved';  be-hav'- 
i.no]    1. 1.    t»  To  conduct  with  regard  nent  or 

duty;  eomport :  with  a  reflexive  pronoun.  2.  To  con- 
duet  properly  or  suitably:  with  a  reflexive  pronoun.  II. 
i.  To  act,  operate,  or  comport  oneself:  said  of  persons 
and  things.    [  <  AS.  behabban,  restrain.] 

be-ha'vlor,  1  bl-heVyar;  2  be-hav'yor,  n.  1.  Manner  of 
conducting  oneself;  demeanor;  deportment.  2.  Manner 
of  action  of  a  machine,  a  chemical,  etc.    be-ha'viour$. 


1:8  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Ifl  =  feud;    Cllin;    go;    rj  =  sires;    fhin,   this.  Beecher 

87   2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.    Bellerophon 


Syn.:  action,  bearing,  breeding,  carriage,  conduct,  de- 
meanor, deportment,  manner,  manners.  Behavior  is  our 
action  in  the  presence  of  others;  conduct  includes  also  that 
which  Is  known  only  to  ourselves  and  our  Maker.  Demeanor 
is  the  bodily  expression,  not  only  of  feelings,  but  of  moral 
states;  as,  a  devout  demeanor.  Breeding,  unless  with  some 
adverse  limitation,  denotes  that  manner  and  conduct  which 
result  from  good  birth  and  training.  Deportment  is  behavior 
as  related  to  a  set  of  rules;  as,  the  pupil's  deportment  was 
faultless.  A  person's  manner  may  be  that  of  a  moment,  or 
toward  a  single  person;  his  manners  are  his  habitual  style  of 
behavior  toward  or  before  others,  especially  in  matters  of 
etiquette  and  politeness;  as,  good  manners  are  always  pleas- 
ing.   Compare  air2. 

foe-he  (a)  d'8,  1  bi-hed';  2  be-hgd',  vt.  To  take  the  head 
from;  decapitate.    [  <  be — h  head.] 

be-held',  1  bi-held';  2  be-held',  imp.  &  pp.  of  behold,  v. 

be-he'moth,  1  bi-hi'[or  bi'm-]motn:  g  be-he'[or  be'he-]mSth, 
n.  In  the  Bible,  a  colossal  beast,  probably  a  hippopotamus. 
[<  Heb.b'hemoth,  <  Egypt.  vehernau,  water»ox.] 

be-hest',  1  bi-hest';  2  be-hest',  n.  An  authoritative  re- 
quest; command.     [  <  AS.  behses,  command.] 

be-hlght't,  v.   To  promise. — be-hote't,  pp. 

be-hind',  1  bi-haind';  2  be-hind'.  I.  adv.  In,  toward,  or 
at  the  rear;  backward;  out  of  sight;  in  reserve;  behind- 
hand. II.  prep.  1.  At  the  back  of ;  on  the  other  side  of. 
2.  In  a  position  to  aid.  3.  Remaining  after  the  death  or 
departure  of.  4.  Inferior  to.  [  <  AS.  be-,  be-,  +  hindan, 
behind.]  [backward;  in  arrears. 

be-hind 'hand",  adv.  &  a.     Behind  time;  late;  behind; 

be-hold',  1  bi-hold';  2  be-hold',  v.  [be-held';  be-hold'- 
ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  look  at  or  upon;  view;  see.  2t«  To 
hold.  II.  i.  To  observe  something;  look;  see:  used  in 
the  imperative,  like  an  interjection.  [  <  AS.  be-,  be-,  + 
healdan,  hold.]  be-holde't.  Syn.:  see  discern;  look. — be- 
hold'en,  a.  Indebted. — be-hold  'er,  n.  An  eye-witness; 
spectator. — be-hold  'ing.  I.  a.  [Prov.  or  Obs.]  1.  In- 
debted; beholden:  a  corrupt  use.  2.  Attractive,  be-hold '- 
yngt.  II.  re.  The  act  of  looking  upon  something;  also,  that 
whicii  is  seen. 

be-hoof,  1  bi-huf;  2  be-hoof,  n.  That  which  benefits; 
advantage;  use.    [  <  AS.  behof,  advantage.] 

be-hoove',  1  bi-huv';  2  be-hoov',  vt.  [be-hooved';  be- 
hoov'ing.1  To  be  becoming  to,  needful,  or  right  for. — 
be-hoove  'Jul,  a. 

Beh  'ring,  n.    Same  as  Bering. 

bein,  1  bin;  2  ben,  v.    [Scot.]    To  make  comfortable. 

bein,  a.  [Scot.]  1.  \Vell=to=do;  comfortably  off,  as  a  farmer.  2. 
Comfortably  furnished;  cosy,  as  a  house,    been}:. 

foe'ing,  1  bl'in;  2  be'ing.  I.  ppr.  of  be,  v.  Existing;  con- 
tinuing to  be.  II.  re.  1.  Anything  that  exists  or  is  con- 
ceived of  as  existing;  existence.  2.  [B-]  God:  used  often 
with  qualifying  words;  as,  the  Supreme  Being. 

Bel-rut',  1  be-rut';  2  be-rut',  n.  Vilayet  (6,180  sq.  m.;  pop. 
534,000),  Asiatic  Turkey;  its  capital  (pop.  150,000). 

Bel,  1  bel;  2  bel,  n.  The  supreme  god,  or  one  of  the  chief  gods, 
of  the  Babylonians.    Compare  Baal. 

Bel.,  Belg.,  abbr.    Belgian,  Belgic,  Belgium. 

be-la'bor,  1  bi-le'bsr;  2  be-la'bor,  vt.  To  beat;  thrash. 
Syn.:  see  beat. 

be-late',  1  bi-let';  2  be-lat',  vt.  [be-lat'ed,! ;  be-i.at'ing.] 
To  delay  past  the  proper  hour. 

be-Iay',  1  bi-le';  2  be-la.',  vt.  [be-layed'  or  be-laid';  be- 
lay'ing.]  1.  To  make  fast,  as  a  rope,  by  winding  round 
a  cleat,  etc.  2.  To  encircle;  surround;  obstruct.  [< 
BE-  +  lay;  belay,  as  a  naut.  term,  <  I).  belcggen.  orig.  cover, 
overlay,  <  be-  (be-)  +  leggen,  lay.]  —belay  that,  belay 
there,  stop  there;  halt.  —  be-lay'lng=pln",  n.  A  movable 
pin  to  which  the  slack  of  running=>gear  may  be  made  fast. 

belch',  1  belcfh;  2  belch,  v.  I.  (.  To  eject  violently,  as  gas 
from  the  stomach;  vomit;  eject  (wind)  noisily  from  the 
stomach.  II.  i.  1.  To  eructate  noisily.  2.  To  come 
forth  forcibly,  as  flame  from  a  furnace.  [  <  AS.  bealcan.] 
— belch 'er,  n. 

belch,  re.    An  eructation. 

bel 'dam,    )1  bel'dam,  -dem;  2  bel'dam,  -dam,  n.     1.  A 

bel  'dame,  )  forbidding  or  malicious  old  woman;  a  hag. 
2t.  A  grandmother.     [  <  I'.  /»/,  fair,   -|-  dame,  lady.] 

be-lea'Ruer, )  1  bi-li'gar;  2  be-lg'ger,  vt.     To  surround 

be-lea'gerp,  )  with  an  armed  force;  besiege.  [<  D.  be- 
legeren.]    Syn.:  see  attack,  v. 

Be-lem',  1  be-len';  2  be-len',  or  Pa-ra',  1  pa-ru';  2  pii-rii',  re.  A 
city  in  northern  Brazil;  pop.  200,000. 

be-lem 'nlte,  1  bi-lem'nalt;  2  be-lem'nlt,  re.  1.  The  pointed 
cylindrical  fossil  shell  of  a  cuttlefish;  a  thunderstone.  9.  a 
fossil  cuttlefish.  [<  Gr.  bclemnon,  for  belos,  dart,  <  ballo, 
throw.) 

bel"scs-prlt\  1  ber-es-prl';  2  ber»es-pri',  re.  [iikaiix'-kh- 
prits',  1  b6z"«es-pri';  2  b8z*«ea-prl',  pl.\  A  clever  and  ver- 
satile talker  or  writer;  wit.    [F.;  see  beldam;  spirit.1 


Bel 'fast,  1  bel'fost;  2  bel'fast,  n.  A  city  (pop.  386,000)  in 
Ulster  province,  Ireland. 

Bel'Tort',  1  bel"f6r';  2  bef'for',  re.  A  fortified  town  in  eastern 
France;  besieged  by  the  Germans,  1870-1871;  pop.  39,000. 

bel'fry,  1  bel'fri;  2  bel'fry,  n.  [bel'friesz,  pi.]  1.  A 
tower  in  which  a  bell  is  hung,  or  the  part  containing  the 
bell.  2||.  A  tower,  either  movable  or  stationary,  formerly 
used  in  sieges.    [Corr.  <  ME.  berfray,  watch=tower.] 

Bel'gl-um,  1  bel'ji-um;  2  bel'gi-um,  re.  A  kingdom  (11,373 
sq.  m.;  pop.  7,517,000)  of  N.  W.  Europe;  overrun  by 
Germans,  1914;  capital,  Brussels. — Bel'gl-an,  a.  &  n. 

Bel-grade',  1  bel-gred';  2  bel-grad',  re.  A  city  (pop.  90,000), 
capital  of  Servia;  bombarded  by  Austria,  1914,  taken.  1915. 

Be'li-al,  1  bl'h-al;  2  be'li-al,  re.  The  ancient  Hebrew  personi- 
fication of  lawlessness;  the  devil;  any  fiend:  used  by  Milton 
as  the  name  of  one  of  the  fallen  angels. 

be-lie',  1  bi-lai';  2  be-li',  vt.  [be-lied';  be-ly'ing.]  1. 
To  give  the  lie  to;  contradict.  2.  To  fall  short  of;  dis- 
appoint.   3.  To  traduce.     [<  AS.  leogan,  falsify.] 

be-lief,  1  bi-lif;  2  be-lef,  n.  1.  Probable  knowledge; 
intellectual  conviction;  acceptance  of  something  as 
true;  trust  in  another's  veracity.  2.  That  which  is  be- 
lieved; theory;  opinion.  3.  Religious  faith.  4||.  [B-] 
The  Apostles'  Creed.  [  <  AS.  geleafa,  belief,  <  gelefan; 
see  believe.]  Syn.:  admission,  assent,  assurance,  avowal, 
confidence,  conviction,  credence,  credit,  creed,  opinion,  re- 
liance, trust.  See  doctrine;  faith;  fancy;  idea. — Ant.: 
denial,  disavowal,  disbelief,  dissent,  distrust,  doubt,  mis- 
giving, rejection,  unbelief. 

be-liev(e'p,  1  bi-llv';  2  be-lev',  v.  [be-liev(e)d's;  be- 
liev'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  accept  as  true  on  testimony  or 
authority;  be  convinced  of,  as  the  result  of  study  oi 
reasoning.  2.  To  credit  (a  person)  with  veracity;  ac. 
cept  the  word  of.  II.  i.  1.  To  be  sure  of  the  existence 
or  truth  of  anything.  2.  To  have  confidence  in  the 
truth  or  integrity  of  a  person,  the  strength  of  a  thing, 
etc.  3.  To  think;  suppose.  [<  AS.  gelyfan,  gelefan, 
believe.]  Syn.:  see  trust.— be-llev'a-bl(eP,  a.  That  may 
be  beiieved. — be-liev'er,  re.  One  who  believes;  an  adherent 
of  a  religious  faith. 

be-like',  1  bi-laik';  2  be-lik',  adv.    Perhaps;  probably. 

Bel"l-sa'rl-us,  1  bel"i-se'n-us;  2  bel"i-sa'ri-us,  re.  A  Byzan- 
tine general  (505?-565) ;  defeated  the  Persians,  etc. 

be-lit'tle, )  bi-lit'l;  2  be-lit'l,  vt.    [-tl(e)dp;  -tling.]    To 

be-lit'lp     5  detract  from;  depreciate.    Syn.:  see  disparage. 

Be-llze',  1  be-UV;  2  be-liz',  re.  A  city  (pop.  11,000),  capital  of 
British  Honduras.    Ba-llze't. 

bell1,  )  1  bel;  2  bfil,  v.    I.  t.  To  put  a  bell  on;  shape  like  a 

bel,p  )  bell.  II.  i.  To  blossom;  be  in  bell,  as  hops. —  to 
bell  the  cat,  to  plan  or  perform  a  bold  or  rash  act. 

bell2,  v.  To  roar  or  cry,  as  deer  and  some  other  animals. 
[<  AS.  bellan;  see  bellow.] 

bell,  re.  1.  A  hollow  metallic  instrument  for  giving  forth 
a  sound  when  struck.  2.  Any- 
thing in  the  shape  of  or  sug- 
gesting a  bell.  3.  On  ship- 
board, a  stroke  on  a  bell  to 
mark  the  time;  hence,  with  a 
numeral  prefixed,  the  time  so 
marked,  in  half=hours,  from 
one  to  eight,  in  each  period  of 
four  hours  beginning  at  mid- 
night. [  <  AS.  belle,  <  bellan; 
see  bellow.] — bell'Qow"er,  re. 
Any  plant  of  the  genus  Cam- 
panula.—  b.  Jar,  a  bell  glass  as 
used  in  chemistry  and  physics. — 
b.=metal,  re.  An  alloy  consisting 
assent  [ally  of  copper  and  t  in.  used  liberty  Ben. 

for  the  manufacture  of  bells  of  all  kinds.  —  I). smoothed,  a. 
1.  Having  a  bell-shaped  mouth,  as  a  tia.sk.    2.  Having  a  deep, 
resonant  voice,  as  a  hound. — b.swether,  re.  The  wether  thai 
leads  a  lloek  or  sheep,  known  bv  wearing  a  bell  on  the  neck 
Liberty  it.  (f/.  ,v.  Hist.),  the  oral  belt  rung  to  announce  the 

sliming  or  Hie   Declaration  or  Independence,  July   1,    17711. 
Bell,  Alexander  Graham  (1847-        ).    A  Scottish-American 
physicist;  inventor  ot  the  telephone 

bel"ia-doii'na,  1  bel'a-den's;  2  b81"a-don'a,  n.  A  poi- 
sonous perennial  herb;  deadly  nightshade,  [<  It  bella 
donna;  bella  (<  L.  beUvs),  beautiful;  see  donna.] 

Bel'la-my,  l  bel'a-mi;  2  bel'a-my,  Edward  (1860   1898).  An 

American  author  and  sociologist ;  Looking  Backward. 

Bel'lar-ml'no,  1   bel'lar-ml'no;  2  bel'lar-ml'no,  Roberto 

V.  R.  (1542-1621).    An  Italian  cardinal  and  eonlroversiallst.. 

belle,  1  bel;  2  bel,  n.  A  beautiful  and  attractive  woman; 
a  reigning  beauty,    [F.,  fem,  of  beau;  see  beau.] 

Belle  Isle,  Strait  of,  1  bel  all;  2  bel  II.  A  strait  between  Lab- 
rador and  Newfoundland. 

Bel-ler'o-pbon,  1  be-ler'o-fon;  2  be-ler'o-fon.  n.  Mgth.  A 
Greek  hero  who  slew  the  chimera  and  perished  In  the  at- 
tempt to  scale  heaven  on  the  winged  horse  Pegasus. 


t.«!l.v   |,  i  iri  v        „  .        .  ,  |  ,  ...     not.Or;   fult.rQIe:   Lilt.  I.flrn; 

until  l  .  ,  i.i  i  ..•,.,,      »,')„,   ,HM 


bell    in  v 

! 

»..  1    |..« 

II 

In  1   |o« 
1..  1   low 

ll.  1  1). 

.  -Iris   II.  . 

I    II-...-   I-I>. 
I  I 


I.,  I-II|  - 

tx  Ml.    ■  r-.  nl-li  . 
I      I.I... mill 

-HVna.  •. 


I. 


'aim  with  loud 
I..  I   I..H-.  r.    . 


instrument 

I. 

II  I. 

■ 

'■  * 

-I.   a   violin, 

d<  1  ly-ai  ii.    . 
b.  i. in. i.         i 

■■■  .rn  by 
i..  1  ly-ful,  b ell]  |)in<  h- 

.  12  be-long'.         1 . 

or  thing;  appertain: 

-'■ 


be-long 


an  attribute 

■ 

I..  -I. .ilk'  lug.    ■•; 


3 

■ 

I 

That  which  or  one  who  be- 
.  uly  In  the  plural,  effects,  as 

'  -1'ivrl'. 

ir'ei  .     I-  ed;  dear  to  the  heart.  II.  n. 

I  I  r  to  a  lower 

'  rank:  fart! 
I. 
S.  In  Ol  II. 

'.'.  Farther 

:'--  -  than  in 

-    to.      [<   BE-    ■+■  LOW,   '1  ] 
It.  l-li.i//  !.-•-  1.    ,-t 


be  low  '.  . 


belt. 


bell  lug. 
Iw-lu  'g».  1 


IS.     In- 


I  • 

.[■ply  with  or 
as  a  n.  i  II.  1.  A  I     •   I  worn 

tting 

l 
"he  great  white  sturgeon.    [  <  Rus.  bilQga, 

[L.l 

2  bel've-der' 

e  of  an 

upper  story  of  ar.  ,r  rnore 

safes'  M  a.-  to      ■   ■    .•   :   ■.  ■.  i.  -a      j|i  .  ix^autlful  view,  <  i„i 

•ideo.aee.) 
-hub, 
Be'mlJ  ll     .■  illaee  In  eastern  cen- 

tral N  1 777. 

be-moan  . 

I.,  -in. ..in  'a-1,1 
be-moll'*.  I 

within:  In;  Inner. 
Ben.,  BenJ.,  abbr.    Benjamin, 


Hr-na'r<-«.   I 

i-.l.   304,000) 
In  Mr  :<  l-.Ii  India      Ba-iia'r  i 

'"  in  ii.  l.l  o  furnish  with 

li.  in  h  Vr,  n. 
i  ■  ,.iui..T  ..f  the  I  ■  ■  nor  ..f  one  of 

the  inns  ..f  r.nin     i.  i  >ne  of  the  populace;  ■  loafer,  ■ 
i  itman 

'"in  ii.  I .  \  long  « Ii  n  ••■  ii ,  «  nli 

i   mechanical 
i  <■• . ii r t ;  the  Judge  ..r  the 

.  the  judiciary     4.  \  :■ 

ii  the  exhibition  ol  aniri 
I.  A  I  fori 

■  I  along  the  Lank  of  ■  lal  IS  bt  ne  ] 

in  mil  .iiim,  an  exhibition  of  animals,  especially  dogs,  in 
on   benches,   Indoori      bench '•war*rant1 

tcrnvtune,  signed  bj  the  ludge  presld- 
Ing  al  directing  an  offender  to  be  brought  Into 

MniT-        Queen's    »  .  or  Court  or  Klng'i 
Queen's     it  supreme  coufl  nf  oommon>law 

oonststlng  of  a  chief  lustloe  and  four  puisne  or 
.!.■  lustloea:  now  one  •><  the  divisions  of  the  high  oourta 

nf  Ju- 

bend,  1  bend:  2  bind,  r     [bent  or  bi-s-h'i  i.';  bi  m'uta  ] 
1. 1     I.  To  l  .riiiLj  into  a  curve,  or  oul  of  m  aside  from  a 
;ht  line;  crook;  deflect;  dii  '.'.  pply  closely, 

mind     3.  To  subdue     4.  Naut    To  mal  i 
ti.-     II.       I.  I   i  take  a  curved  shape    8.  To  take  a  cer- 
tain directdoi       S<    l   ■  yield;  submit;  conform.    4.  To 
devote  oneself .    5.  To  overhang.    |<  AS.  beruian,  bend, 
•  I.  bond  ]    bend  'n, 
Syn.:  bias,  bow,  crook,  curve,  deflect,  deviate,  diverge, 
Incline,   influence,   mold,   persuade,   stoop,   submit,   turn. 
twine,  n>  i-i.  warp,  yield.    En  some  cases  s  thing  h  spoken  ol 
•  where  the  parts  make  an  angle;  but  oftener  i 

Isundersi I  to  be  to  draw  to  or  through  a  curvi 

s  bow.  T"  ubmtt  or  yuui  lm  to  bend  the  mind  humbly  to 
another's  wishes.  To  incline  or  infiiu  nci  i-  to  '..  mi  another's 
wishes  toward  our  own:  to  pernuuU  i->  to  draw  them  quite 
over.  To  uarp  Is  to  bend  silently  through  the  Whole  fiber, 
as  a  board  in  the  sun.  To  crook  is  to  i>,  nil  Irregularly,  as  a 
.  stick.  J>f/itct.  deflate,  and  disergt  arc  said  of  any 
turning  away  from  a  direct  line;  it'  i  i'ii'  commonly  of  a  slight 
and  gradual  movement,  diverge  of  a  more  sharp  and  decided 
one.  To  Mas  Ls  to  Influence  feeling,  opinion,  or  action  In  the 
direction  of  some  prevailing  (often  unconscious)  tendency; 
personal  enmity  against  the  accused  will  bias  a  Witness  or  a 
juror  so  as  to  distort  his  view  of  the  facta  or  motives  Involved 
In  the  ease.  Mold  Ls  a  Bl  ronger  word  than  bend;  we  may  bend 
byasuperlor  force  that  which  still  resists  the  constraint:  as, 
a  bent  bow;  we  mold  something  plastic  entirely  and  perma- 
nently to  some  desired  form.    SeeTiw-T. 

bend  ,  n.  1.  A  curve  or  crook.  2.  An  act  of  bending  or 
bowing.    3.  tfaut.  A  loop  or  knot. 

bend5,  n.  Her.  An  ordinary  drawn  diagonally  arr. 

d  from  dexter  chief  to  sinister  base  [<  AS  >'<nd  (  = 
Goth,  bandl),  band,  bond,  <  pret.  stem  of  btndan:  see 
bind]     bend  sinister  an  ordinary  drawn  diago- 

nally from  sinister  chief  to  dexter  base:  erroneously  called 
mart  of  bastardy. 

be-ncath',  1  bi-ni(h';  2  be-neth',  I.  adv.  1.  At  a  lower 
point;  below;  in  a  lower  position,  2.  Under  a  cover  or 
surface.      II.  prep.    1.  Under;  lower  in  place,  condition, 

etc   .that!     2.  Below  the  Slirf.'iee  .  .1     "I.  I    I,ilir  th''  power  (if. 

4.  Unworthy  of.    [<  AS.  be-,  be-,  -+-  neothan,  below.] 

Svn.:  In-low.  under,  underneath.     Under  strictly  Implies 

D  it  her  object  is  directly  upon  or  over  In  a  vertical  line. 

ll  one  object  u  lower  than  another,  so  as 

to  be  looked  down  anon  from  it ,  or  bidden  from  view  by  It;  as, 

aider  nor  beneath)  the  horizon.    Beneath  or  below 

may  signify  occupying  a  lower  plane,  as  we  speak  of  one 

marrying  <><  bis  rank;  or.  we  say,  he  ls  beneath 

your  notice.     Under  has  also  the  sense  of  being  subject  to  or 

■  as.  under  tutors  and  governors;  under  examlna- 

Ant.:  see  synonym    ' 

llen"e-dlc'l-te,   1   bcn"i-dls'i-ti:  2  ben*e-dlc'i-te.     I.  n.     1. 

Lllurg.   (1)  The  canticle  beginning  "O  all  ye  works  of  the 

Lord,  bless  ye  the  Lord.''     2    rhi  music  of  this  canticle.  2. 

[b-1  A  blessing:  grace  or  thanksgiving.  W.interj.   Bless  youi 

an  exclamation.     [I.I...  ^<1  per.  pi.  pres.  Imper.  of  benedlco, 

bless,  <  L.  bene.  well.  +  ilico.  say.] 

ben'e-dlck,  1  ben'i-dlk;  2  ben'e-dlk.  n.     1.  A  newly  married 

man.     Bee  def.  2.     ben'e-dlet:.     2.  [IJ-]  In  Shakespeare's 

.\turh  Ado  About  Xolhlng,  the  hero,  a  confirmed  bachelor, 

who  eventually  marries. 

Ben'e-dlet,  l  ben'i-dlkt;  2  ben'e-dlet,  n.    1.  Saint  (480-543), 

an  Italian  monk:  founder  of  the  Benedictines.    2.  The  name 

pectf.  B.  XIV.  (1676-1768  ;  succeeded,  1740; 

B.  XV.  (1854-        ),  Glacomo  della  Chlesa,  elected  Sept. 

3,191 1. 

Ben"e-dlc'tlne,  1  ben'i-dlk'tin;  2  ben'e-dlc'tln.    I.  a.    Per- 


I: »=  final;    i  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    iu=feud;    cTiin;    go;    o  =  sino;   thin,   this,  belles dettrcS 
89  2:  wolf,  dfi;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  bergamot 


taining  to  St.  Benedict  or  his  order.  II.  n.  1.  One  of  the 
order  of  monks  established  by  St.  Benedict.    2.  A  liqueur. 

ben"e-dic'tion,  1  ben"i-dik'sTian;  2  b§n"e-dic'shon,  n. 
The  act  of  blessing,  as  at  the  close  of  worship;  blessing; 
favor.  [<  L.LL  bene,  well,  +  dico,  say.]— ben"e-dic'tiv(e8, 
ben"e-dic'to-ry,  a. 

Ben"e-dic'tus,  1  ben"i-dik'tus;  2  ben"e-dlc'tus,  n.  Either  of 
two  canticles:  (1)  Luke  i,  68-71;  (2)  Ps.  cxviii,  26;  Math. 
xxl,  9.  Each  is  named  from  the  first  word,  benediclus, 
"blessed,"  of  its  Latin  version. 

ben"e-fac'tion,  1  ben'Vfak'sTian;  2  bSn"e-fac'shon,  n. 
A  kindly  or  generous  act ;  a  gift  or  boon ;  beneficence.  [  < 
L.  bene,  well,  +  facio,  do.]  Syn.:  see  gift. — ben"e-fac'tor, 
n.    A  friendly  helper;  a  patron. — ben"e-fac'tress,  n.  fern. 

ben'e-fice,  )1   ben'i-fis;  2  ben'e-fic.     I.  vt.     To  invest 

ben'e-fiss,  S  with  a  benefice.  II.  n.  An  ecclesiastical 
living  or  its  revenue.  [<  L.  beneficium,  favor.] — ben'- 
e-flced,  a.    Holding  a  benefice. 

be-nef'i-cence,  1  bi-nef'i-sens;  2  be-n6f'i-cenc,  n.  The 
quality  of  being  beneficent;  active  goodness;  also,  a 
beneficent  act.    Syn.:  see  benevolence. 

be-nef'i-cent,  1  bi-nef'i-sent;  2  be-n6f'i-c8nt,  a.  Bring- 
ing about  or  doing  good;  characterized  by  charity  and 
kindness.  [<  B.  bene,  well,  +  facio,  do.]  Syn.:  see  chari- 
table.— be-nef 'l-cent-!y,  adv. — ben"e-fi'clai,  a.  Confer- 
ring benefits;  helpful.  Syn.:  see  expedient;  good. — ben"e- 
fl'clal-ly,  adv. — ben"e-fl'cial-ness,  n. 

ben"e-fl'oi-a-ry,  1  ben"i-fisVi-e-ri  or  -fisVa-n;  2  bSn"e- 
fish'i-a-ry  or  -fish'a-ry.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  benefits  or 
benevolence.  II.  n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  A  recipient  of  a  char- 
itable privilege,  or  of  any  benefit  or  profit.  [  <  L.  bene- 
flciarius,  <  beneficium,  favor.] 

ben'e-fltd,  1  ben'i-fit;  2  ben'e-fit,  v.  I.  t.  To  be  helpful 
or  useful  to;  profit;  improve.  II.  i.  To  derive  improve- 
ment; be  helped.    Syn.:  see  serve. 

bcn'e-flt,  n.  1.  Profit;  advantage.  2.  A  favor  bestowed; 
privilege.  [  <  F.  bienfait,  <  LL.  bene/actum,  benefac- 
tion.]    Syn.:  see  favor;  profit;  utility. 

Be"ne-ven'to,  1  be"ne-ven'to;  2  be"ne-ven'to,  n.  A  walled 
city  in  southern  Italy;  pop.  24,000. 

Iie-nev'o-lence,  1  bi-nev'o-lens;  2  be-nev'o-leng,  n.  1. 
Desire  for  the  well=being  or  comfort  of  others;  love  to 
mankind;  charitableness.  2.  Any  act  of  kindness  or 
well-doing;  charity;  humanity.  3.  Eng.  Hist.  An  en- 
forced loan  sometimes  exacted  by  English  sovereigns. 
Syn.:  almsgiving,  beneficence,  benignity,  bounty,  charity, 
generosity,  good  will,  humanity,  kind=heartedness,  kindli- 
ness, kindness,  liberality,  munificence,  philanthropy,  sym- 
pathy. Originally  beneficence  was  the  doing  well,  benevo- 
lence the  wishing  or  willing  well  to  others;  but  benevolence 
has  come  to  include  beneficence  and  to  displace  it.  We  do 
not  now  speak  of  benevolence  which  does  not  help.  Charily, 
which  originally  meant  the  purest  love  for  God  and  man  (as 
in  1  Cor.  iii),  is  now  almost  universally  applied  to  some 
form  of  almsgiving  and  is  much  more  limited  in  meaning  than 
benevolence.  Benignity  suggests  some  occult  power  of  bless- 
ing, such  as  was  formerly  ascribed  to  the  stars;  we  may  say  a 
good  man  has  an  air  of  benignity.  Kindness  and  tenderness 
are  personal;  benevolence  and  charity  are  general.  Humanity 
Is  so  much  kindness  and  tenderness  toward  man  or  beast  as  it 
would  be  inhuman  not  to  have,  as  denoted  by  the  phrase, 
"common  humanity."  We  speak  of  the  bounty  of  a  generous 
host,  the  liberality  or  munificence  of  the  founder  of  a  college, 
or  of  the  liberality  of  a  theologian  toward  the  holders  of  con- 
flicting beliefs.  Philanthropy  applies  to  wide  schemes  for 
human  welfare,  often,  but  not  always,  involving  large  ex- 
penditures in  charity  or  benevolence.  Compare  mercy. 
— Ant.:  barbarity,  brutality,  churlishness,  greediness,  harsh- 
ness, illlberality,  UUwill,  inhumanity,  malevolence,  malig- 
nity, niggardliness,  selfishness,  self»seeklng,  stinginess,  un- 
kindness. 

be-nev'o-Icnt,  1  bi-nev'o-lcnt;  2  be-nev'o-lCnt,  a.  Char- 
acterized by  benevolence;  kindly;  charitable;  beneficent. 
[  <  l..o»  bene,  well,  +  volen(t-)s,  ppr.  of  volo,  wish.]  Syn.:  see 
CH  ABIT  ABLE;  good;  humane.— be-iiev'o-lont-ly,  adv. 

licng.,  ahbr.    Bengalee,  Bengali. 

Ben-gal',  1  ben-gol';  2  ben-Sal',".  1-  A  province  In  N.  K.  Brit- 
ish India;  70.000  sq.  m.;  pop.  42.000,000;  capital  Calcutta. 
2.  Formerly,  a  division  of  India  comprising  Bengal  Propei 
and  Eastern  B.  and  Assam.—  Bay  of  It.,  part  of  Indian 
ocean,  between  India  and  Farther  India, 

Ben-gal '1,  1  ben-gel'I;  2ben-Jal'I.   I.  a.    Of  or  pertaining  to 

Bengal.  II.  n.  sing.  <fc  pi.  A  native  or  natives  of  Bengali 
also,  their  language.     Ben-ga-lcse't. 

be-nlght'1, 1  bi-nciit';  2  be-nlt',  vt.  To  involve  in  darkness 
or  gloom.— be-nlght'cd,  pa.  overtaken  by  night;  Igno- 
rant; depraved. 

be-nlgn',  1  bi-nain';  2  be-nin',  a.  Gracious;  gin.  rows; 
kindly;  soft;  genial;  propitious;  mild.  [<  L.  benignua, 
benignant,  kind.)  Syn.:  sec  bland;  charitable;  propitious. 
—be-algn'ly ,  adv. 


be-nig'nant,  1  bi-nig'nant;  2  be-nig'nant,  a.  1.  Con- 
descending; gentle;  gracious.  2.  Helpful;  salutary. 
[L.  benignan(t-)s,  ppr.  of  benignor,  rejoice,  <  benignus; 
see  benign.]  Syn.:  see_AMiABLE;  charitable;  humane; 
merciful. 

— be-nlg'nant-ly,  adv. — be-nig'nl-ty,  n.    [-ties^,  pi.] 

1.  Kindliness;  beneficence.  2.  Healthfulness;  salubrity. 
3.  A  gracious  action  or  influence,  be-nlg'nan-cyt.  Syn.: 
see  benevolence;  mercy.  [town,  W.  Africa. 

Ken-in',  1  ben-In';  2  ben-in',  n.     A  country,  a  river,  and  a 

ben'i-son,  1  ben'i-san;  2  bSn'i-son,  n.  A  benediction; 
blessing.     [  <  LL.OF  benedictio,  benediction.] 

Ben'Ja-mln,  1  ben'js-min;  2  ben'ja-min,  n.  1.  The  youngest 
son  of  Jacob;  also,  the  tribe  descended  from  him.  Gen. 
xxxv,  18.  2.  Judali  P.  (1811-1884),  American  Jewish  poli- 
tician; Senator;  Confederate  Secretary  of  War,  1861. 

Ben  Lo'mond,  I  lo'mand;  2  lo'mond.  A  mountain  in  south- 
west Scotland;  3,192  ft.  high. 

Ben'nett,  1  ben'et;  2  ben'et,  James  Gordon  (1795-1872).  A 
Scottish=American  journalist. 

Ben  Ne'vis,  1  nl'vis;  2  ne'vis.  A  mountain  in  western  Scot- 
land; highest  (4,406  ft.)  in  British  Isles. 

Ben'nlng-ton,  1  ben'in-tan;  2  ben'ing-ton,  n.  A  town  In 
southwestern  Vermont  (pop.  9,000);  battlefield,  1777. 

be-north ',  1  bi-nerth' ;  2  be-north',  prep.    [Scot.]     North  of. 

bent.  1  bent;  2  bent,  imp.  &  pp.  of  bend,  v. 

bent,  pa.  1.  Deflected  from  a  straight  line;  crooked.  2. 
Naut.  Made  fast  to  a  spar  or  other  object:  said  of  a  sail, 
etc.    3.  Fixed  in  a  course ;  set;  as,  on  pleasure  bent. 

bent1,  n.  1.  The  state  of  being  inclined  or  the  direction  in 
which  inclined;  inclination;  tendency;  bias;  disposition. 

2.  The  degree  of  tension;  limit  of  endurance  or  capacity. 
3t.  A  cast  of  the  eye.    Syn.:  see  inclination. 

bent2,  n.  One  of  various  stiff  wiry  grasses.  [  <  AS. 
bconet.]    bent'sgrass"t. 

Ben'tham,  1  ben'fham;  2  ben'tham,  Jeremy  (1748-1832). 
An  English  jurist  and  moral  philosopher. 

Ben"tl-vo'gIlo,  1  ben"tI-vo'lyo;  2  ben"ti'-vo'lyo,Guido  (1579- 
1644).    An  Italian  cardinal;  statesman;  diplomat. 

Ben'ton,  1  ben'tan;  2  ben'ton,  Thomas  Hart  (1782-1858). 
An  American  lawyer,  Senator,  and  writer. 

be-numb',  )  1  bi-num';  2  be-nfjm',  vt.    To  make  insen- 

be-num's,  )  sible  or  torpid;  stupefy;  deaden.  [  <  AS.  be-, 
be-,  +  nlman,  take.] — be-numbed',  pa.— be-nuni(b)'- 
menf,  u. 

ben'zene,  1  ben'zin;  2  ben'zen,  n.  A  colorless,  volatile,  in- 
flammable compound  liquid  obtained  chiefly  from  coaMar. 
The  luminous  quality  of  illuminating=gas  is  largely  due  to  Its 
presence;  it  is  also  the  source  of  the  anilin  of  commerce.  [  < 
benzoin.]    ben'zolt;  ben'zoiet. 

ben'zin,    )  1  ben'zin,  -zin  or  -zln;  2  ben'zin,  -zin  or  -zin,  n.    A 

ben  'zlne,  S  colorless  inflammable  liquid  derived  from  crude 
petroleum  and  used  for  cleansing  clothing,  etc.  beu'zo- 
lint;  ben'zo-llnet;  pe-tro'le-umssplr"ltt. 

ben  'zo-ate  of  so  'da.    Same  as  sodium  benzoate. 

ben'zo-ln,  1  ben'zo-in  or  -zoin;  2  ben'zo-in  or  -zoin,  n.  1.  A 
gum  resin.  2.  The  spieebush.  See  under  spice.  3.  Chem. 
A  variously  obtained  crystalline  compound.  [  <  F.  bertfoin, 
<  Pg.  beijoin,  <  Ar.  lubdnjawl,  incense  of  Java.] — ben-zo'- 
Ic,  a. — benzoic  acid,  an  aromatic  compound  contained  ju 
resins  and  certain  other  substances. 

Be'o-wulf,  1  be'o-wulf;  2  be'o-wulf,  n.  The  semlmythlctl 
Danish  hero  of  the  oldest  Anglo-Saxon  epic  of  the  10th  cent. 

be-queath',  1  bi-kwith';  2  be-kweth',  vt.  1.  Law.  To 
give  by  will;  make  a  bequest  of.  2.  To  hand  down  to 
posterity;  transmit.  3 1|.  To  give  up;  yield;  devote.  [< 
AS.  be-,  be-,  +  cwethan,  say.]— bc-qucst',  n.  The  act  of  be- 
queathing or  that  which  Is  bequeathed.    Syn.:  see  gift. 

Be"ran"ger',  1  be"ran"se';  2  be"ran"zhe/,  Pierre  Jean  de 
( 1 780- 1 857) .    A  French  lyric  poet. 

be-rate',  1  bi-ret';  2  be-riit',  vt.  [be-rat'ed'1;  be-rat'inq.] 
To  chide  severely;  scold;  rail  at,. 

Berch'told,  1  bcrH'tOlt;  2  bem'tolt.  Count  Leopold  von 
(1863-  ).  An  Austrian  statesman;  minister  for  foreign 
affairs  (1912-15). 

berdet.n.    Same  as  heard.— beret,  v.    Same  as  hear. 

bc-reav(e'p,  1  bi-rlv';  2  be-rev',  vt.  [be-BEAVED*  or  BE- 
EEFT';  BE-RKAVD'";  BE-HEAV'lNa.l  To  deprive,  as  of 
something  valuable  or  beloved;  despoil;  rob.  [<  AS. 
be-,  be-,  +  rcd/lan,  rob.]— be-reave'ment,  n.  The  act  of 
bereaving,  or  the  state  of  being  bereaved;  an  allllcUve  loss. 
Syn.:  see  MlsFOUTCNf  . 

Bcr"e-nl'ce,  1  bcrVnal'sI;  2  ber*e-nI'cB,  n.  lilb.  Daughter  of 
Herod  Agrippa  i.,  klngofJudea.    Actexxv,  13.  Ber-nl'cet. 

Bcr'Y-sl'iia,  1  lier"e-zi'n,.;  2  bcr"e-si'na,  n.    A  river  In  western 

Russia;  350  m.  to  Dnieper.  [bcrgli}. 

berg,  1  burg;  2  berg,  n.    An  iceberg.    [  <  Ice.  or  G.  berg.] 
Itcr'ga-mask,  1  bOr'gs-mosk;  2  bSr'ga-mask,  ».    A  clownish 

nisi  ic  dance.   Ber'go-maskt. 
bcr'ga-mot',  1  bur'go-mot;  2  bcr'ga-mot,  n.    1.  A  tree  of  I  he 

rue  family,  or  Its  fruit,  furnishing  an  oil  used  as  a  perfume. 

2.  A  coarse  tapestry  made  of  wool,  hair,  silk,  and  cotton  or 


bmcamot       !•  ,  i  .        ,.         K-o:  Btt.Br;  full.  rQl.-:  l.ui.  I.flrn; 

I  i      ..  .  iii  I       •  .  uO.  11OI,  Or.  »On,        90 


i; 


.   1100 

ll.nrl    Louil 

II,  r| i      -   ,  ,,. 


11.  r-in.     |o, 
K.r-ln,...    il,.  -. 
K.r-imi   ,1  ,. 

i                ■]■■■■ 

r,|. 

1     It 


tr\or  I  \iiii 

It.  nil.;    -s,  .1  IdTllIK 

Mrjl:  II.  Il    n 

I     (..  or*, 

\\  till   IMI 

Hrrki-I.    Iiii-l-iu. 

S.-L        1,11. 

I  II.  ,  l..r  ■  \ 

mm 

■ 

.  in,  N  Atlantic 

It.  r-mii   il.i.    . 

■ii.:  pop 

i.  in  Bapttste  Jules    1704    1844). 

[V.,  lsls. 

MorUll 

'.'.    >alnt 

:ll\. 

■: :.  Frledrlota  A.  J. 
»••"      My  ,.  .iinli'ir.  Hirmany  and 

II-  rn  li.inli.  -.  ;_>  t..-.rii'hiirt  or  (F.) 

^  ir  ih  ird, a  i  rendi 

B.t-hi  ,   -  ..  n     ,\„  Anglian 

.-,1  N.  Xorthumbrla. 

(.hitannl  Lorenzo  (1598- 
tect. 
I.  [ber'kied;  BBB'bt-INO.] 

I  ■  '-'■  r  gather  ln-r- 

II.  I . 

fruit      :.  a  juicy  pulp, 

in  inl      -i.  .'■ 

I.  £ 

Hi-r"rl': . 

•  '.  n.    An  old  province  Is  central 

i  ;  ith.  a  furious 

I,,  r  -irk-i-r:. 

I  •  -'.villi-  with  a  berth. 

II  LAb ..-..-.    rbedin  ■  i  :. 

inchor; 

;. 

Iiirlli    . 
b.ri  li  '.i»'.  .1  ir  r.,r  a 

;ti  port. 

Pierre  Eugene  \i  ir- 
rHIln  r.antl  author. 

B-- r "1 1 1  " |, ■  ii     -  .  -    !•  hi. 

■rv'wtch  •■   ,  \  2  ber'ik-on-iwed'. 

pop.   13.000. 

'"  r  I  '•  i  arying 

■ 
ber'rMIne, 
b<-r)l'll-uni. 

-"-  Jtfns  Jacob,  Baron 

-san'con',  n.    A  fortified 

In--  'aunt  -. 

!'   ■  V,  tt.     [iir.--m-(,HT';    BE- 

I 

l n v- II i-..  •. 

1  '■  I.  •     !  tmingto; 

befit.   II.  i.   Toaeem.   be-seme't,— be-seem  ing,  pa. 


•II     I  is..   I    I. 

'.'.   i  a  iti.uk  on  all 
t.   I  I,  aa  with  gem  •   i  inlj  in  thi 

ITTACI        lie-set   mini.  Ih-s.I  'ling,   pa. 

b.  -.drew  '   .   1    1. 1  (hi  i  .   ••'      TO  »  Mi  HI  I 

,  miiii  Imprecation 

ii«--iii<-'.  I  i            Cloa  bj .  it  hand. 

II.              I.  At  or  by  I  bo.    I.  In 

t.  I  iddition  to     4.  Away  .,r  gp  irt 
from                              ■    i  s  i 

in-Miii-. '.  I  I.  i.  iii  addition; 

.• .  !      1  I   I 

II.  i.i        Iditionto;  other  than     2.  Except 

be-alMpBj  '  '     '"'   -ii'-i"';  bi  mo'- 

is,.  |  to;  beset  trl 

•  k      be-sleg'er,  n, 

In-Miic.ir '.    1    ln-sinir';  U'  i  ir   uvi-r; 

sully. 
be-amlreb ",  l  bi-amdn -l.'i  2  be-amlroh',  nl      I 

■tain;  defile 
be'gom'i  1  bl'sem;  2  bC'eom,  n.    A  bundle  of  twig 

a-  i  broom;  any  agency  thai  wi««i—  ,,r  abolishes,    l< 

rut,  liriiuiii  1      be. inn. 

in- 'sum  ,  ii.    [Scot  1    A  drab:  slattern;  street  woman. 

iic-suri  'i.    I.mt.    To  bent.    II.  n     Sultabl mpany. 

in-- -i 1 1 ',  l   b      it';  2  bi  ■       bi 

I     Po  stupefy,  as  with  , Irink ;  enslave;  infatuate, 

DT,  n.) 

be-soughl '.  i  bi    Btf;  2  I ■•  h,  t. 

in--s|iai  'ler,  1  i,i-  i  i.  To  cover  m 

■  v  spattering.    2.  To  throw  about,  8,  To  besmirch 
illy. 

be-speak',  1  ln-.pik';  2  be-epck'.  tt.     [bb-bpoke'j  bb- 

>I'uki/  or  BB-fiPO'KEN;  hi  -.ii   \Kis,.  ]     1.  'J'u  a.k  lor  ill 

advance,    2.  To  give  token  of;  indicate,    it.  [Poet  !  To 

addn  [strewed. 

be-sprent',  1  bi-sprent':2be-sprent',  pp.  [Poet.]  Uepsrlnkled; 

lt«-s"sa-ra'bl-a,  1  bes"a-rC'hi-;>:  2  bi'-.'a-ra'bl-a,  n.    A  govern- 

17,1  13 an.  m.;pop.  2,441,000)  In  8.  w    Russia. 
Hi',  'se-mer,  i  besVmer;  2  beVe-mer,  n.    Steel  prepared 
by  forcing  a  blast  of  air  through  the  molten  metal.    [< 
Hi  I  -.vho  Invented  It  in  1855.] 

best,  1  best;  2  best.    Let.  [Colloq.]  To  get  the  best  of .  II. 
a.     (Super/,  of  good.]     1.  Most  excellent  or  desirable. 
2.  [Colloq.]  Most; largest.    III.  n.    The  most  exci-lli-nt ; 
bighest   degree   or   state;   the   utmost.      IV.   adv. 
-I.   of   wi.ll.]   In   the  most  excellent  or  suitable 
manin.r;  with  the  most  favorable  result;  to  the  utmost 
degree,    bestet- 
be-stead ';,  1  bl-flted';  2  be-st£d',  r(.  &  ri.     [be-stead'ed11 
or  be-- n  i/.  iu -.i  kai/im;.]    To  be  of  service  or  profit 
to;  help;  benefit;  avail,    bc-sted'1}:. 
be-. led'-,    )1   bi-sted';  2  be-st5d',  rt.     [be-sted';  be- 
be-.(e:ul '-.  - 1  kp'i.m . :  hi:-.tkai/ini; .]     [Now 

only  in  the  participial  combinations.]    To  put  in  some 
don;  beset.     [<  be-   -f- 
.   place.]  —  be-stadde't,  pp. 
bf.'iiul,  1  bee'clial;  2  beVchal,  a.     Pertaining  to  or  like 

■  <  or  a  beast;  animal;  brutish;  sensual;  depraved. 

lit»,  <  bestia,  beast  1    BfXLZ  see BKUT1BH. 
— bes"ii-ari-t).    n.     Cbaracter   or   conduct    beiittinK 
bes'tlal-lze,  rr.  —  bcs'tlal-Iy,  adv. 
bes'l|-a-r>    .  1   lii-'tM-n:  2  be  'tl-a-ry.  n.     1.  A  moralizing 
treatise  on  animals.    2.  Our-  compelled  to  fight  beasts  In  the 

nl  Roman  gladiatorial  uames. 

he-stir',  1  ln-stur';  2  bi-.tir'.  tt.  [in  -M  ikku/,  be-stird'8; 
iii-.-i  nt'niNr;  ]  To  move  with  life  or  vi^or;  incite  to 
brisk  activity. 

be-Stow',  1  ln-sto';  2  be-.tr/,  tt.  1.  To  confer  as  a  gift: 
formerly  with  («,  now  with  <m  or  upon:  present.  2.  To 
use  or  expend;  apply.  3%  To  provide  or  find  suitable 
room  for;  deposit.  4t.  To  give  in  marriage.  5f,  To  be- 
have or  acquit  (oneself).    Synj  see  OIVK. 

be--iiiH'a-bKepf  a.  — be-stow'al,  n.    The  act  of  be- 
stowing; «lft       Ix-.Iiih  'merit,  n. 

tx-strauglit't,  pp.    Distracted,    be-straught 'edt. 

be--ire»  ',  1  bl-stru';  2  be-stru',  i(.    [bb-btbewzt/  or  be- 
i  w'l.vr;  or  be-strow'ini;  ] 
1-   I    ■  -prinkle  with  things  strewn.    2.  To  scatter  about. 
bc-stroH  ■'%. 

bc-stride',  1  tn-stnrid';  2  be-strid',  vi.     [be-strode'  or 

iif.-.Tiui/;    iih-sTKii/uKN    or    UK-si  Kin' ;    iiK-siitii/iN-i;  ] 

nd  over  or  .-it  upon  astride;  step  over  at  a  stride. 

bes'yt,  a.    Same  as  bust. 

bet,  1  bet;  2  bft,  v.  [bet  or  BET'TEDd;  bet'tinc]  I.  (. 
To  stake  or  pledge  on  an  uncertain  issue.    II.  t.    To 


1:8=  final;    I  =  hablt£    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  fet/d;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  sires;    thin,    this. 
91       2:wQlf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,' gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


berpjainot 
bias 


wager  money,  etc.,  upon  some  uncertain  issue  or  event. 
[Short  for  abet.]  [wager. 

bet,  n.    1.  The  act  of  betting;  wager.    2.  The  stake  in  any 

bet.,  abbr.     Between.  [the  Greek  alphabet. 

be'ta,  1  bl'ta  or  be'ta;  2  be'ta  or  be'ta,  n.    The  second  letter  of 

be-take',  1  bi-tek';  2  be-tak',  rl.  [be-took';  be-tak'en; 
be-tak'ing.]  To  resort  (to);  take  (oneself),  remove,  or 
go  (to) . 

be-teem't,  vt.    To  give  birth  to;  grant;  vouchsafe;  permit. 

be'tel,  1  bi'tl;  2  be'tl,  re.  A  shrubby  plant  the  leaves  of  which 
are  chewed  by  certain  Asiatics.  [  <  Pg.  betel,  <  Mai.  retain, 
betel.) — be'tel mut",  re.  The  astringent  seed  of  an  East* 
Indian  palm,  used  for  chewing  with  bete.Meaves. 

bete  noire,  1  bet  nwar;  2  bet  nwiir.  Anything  real  or  imagi- 
nary that  is  an  object  of  hate  or  dread;  a  bugaboo.  [F.  bile, 
=  beast;  noire,  <  L.  niger,  black.] 

Beth'a-ny,  1  beth'a-m;  2  beth'a-ny,  n.  A  village  in  Palestine, 
two  miles  E.  of  Jerusalem. 

beth'el1,  1  befh'el;  2  b6th'61,  n.  1.  A  seamen's  church  or 
chapel,  floating  or  on  shore.  2.  [Eng.]  A  dissenters' 
chapel.  3.  A  place  hallowed  by  God's  presence.  [  < 
Heb.  beth'el,  <  beth,  house,  +  el,  God.] 

Beth'el2,  1  befh'el;  2  beth'el,  re.  A  ruined  town  in  Palestine, 
near  Jerusalem.    Gen.  xxviii,  19. 

Be-thes'da,  1  bi-thez'da;  2  be-thes/da,  n.  A  pool  near  the 
sheep=gate,  Jerusalem.    John  v,  2. 

be-think ',  1  bi- think' ;  2  be-think',  vt.  &  vi.  [be-thought' ; 
be-think'ing.]  To  remind  oneself;  take  thought;  de- 
liberate.   [  <  AS.  bethencan;  see  be-  and  think.] 

Beth'le-hem,  1  befh'h-hem;  2  beth'le-hem,  re.  1.  An  ancient 
city  In  Palestine;  birthplace  of  Jesus  Christ.  Matt,  li,  I.  2t. 
A  hospital  for  lunatics.    See  bedlam. 

Beth"mann=Holl'weg,  1  bet"man»hol'veH;  2  bet"man=hol'- 
veH,  Theobald  von  (1856-     ).    German  chancellor  (1909). 

be-thought',  1  bi-fhet';2  be-thot',  imp.  &  pp.  of  bethink. 

Beth-sa'1-da,  1  befh-se'i-da;  2  beth-s&'i-da,  re.  An  ancient 
town  W.  of  Lake  Tiberias,  Palestine.    John  i,  44. 

be-tide',  1  bi-taid';  2  be-tld',  vt.  &  vi.  [be-tid'ed"1;  be- 
tid'ing.]  To  happen  to  or  befall;  betoken;  happen. 
[ME.  beliden;  see  be-  and  tide,  v.]    Syn.:  see  happen. 

be-times',  1  bi-taimz';  2  be-tims/,  adv.  In  good  season 
or  time;  soon.    [ME.,  <  be-  4-  time,  n.]    be-time't. 

be-to 'ken,  1  bi-to'kn;  2  be-to'kn,  vt.     To  be  a  sign  of; 
give  promise  or  evidence  of.    [  <  be — 1-  token.] 
Syn.:  see  augur;  import. 

bet'o-ny,  1  bet'o-m;  2  b6t'o-ny,  n.  A  European  herb  of 
the  mint  family,  formerly  used  as  an  emetic  and  purga- 
tive; also,  one  of  various  other  plants,  as  a  British  species 
of  figwort  (the  -wa,ter*betony) ,  etc.  [<  L.F  betonica,  for 
vettonica,  <  Vettones,  a  people  of  Portugal.] 

be-took',  1  bt-tuk';  2  be-tdbk',  imp.  of  betake,  v. 

be-tray',  1  bi-tre';  2  be-tra',  vt.  1.  To  deliver  up  to  an 
enemy;  be  a  traitor  to.  2.  To  disclose  (a  matter)  in 
breach  of  confidence.  3.  To  lead  astray;  seduce.  4.  To 
reveal  unintentionally;  show  signs  of.  [<  be-  +  OF. 
trair,  <  L.  trado.]    Syn.:  see  deceive. 

— be-tray'al,  n.    be-tray'mentt.— be-tray'er,  n. 

be-troth",  1  bi-treth'  or  -trott/;  2  be-troth'  or  -troth',  vt. 
To  engage  to  marry;  promise  in  marriage;  affiance.  [  < 
BE-  +  troth.]  —  be-troth'al,  n.  Engagement  to  marry. 
be-troth  'mentl . 

bet'ter,  1  bet'ar;  2  bSt'er,  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  or  grow  bet- 
ter; Improve;  also,  to  surpass;  excel.    Syn.:  see  amend. 

bet'ter,  a.  [Compar.  of  good.]  1.  Superior  in  excellence, 
amount,  or  value;  preferable;  surpassing.  2.  Improved 
in  health;  convalescent.    [  <  AS.  betera.) 

bet'ter1,  ».  1.  That  which  is  in  any  way  better;  advan- 
tage; superiority.  2.  A  superior,  as  in  ability,  ran1',  age, 
etc. 

bet'ter2,  n.    One  who  lays  wagers,    bet'torj. 

bet'ter,  adv.  [Compar.  of  well.]  In  a  superior  manner- 
more  excellently;  more  thoroughly  or  correctly;  in  a 
higher  degree. 

bet'ter-ment,  1  bet'ar-ment  or  -mant;  2  bfit'er-ment,  n. 
Improvement;  an  addition  to  the  value  of  real  property. 

bet'ty,  1  bet'i;  2  het'y,  n.  [bet'ties^,  pi.]  1.  A  man  who  In- 
terferes with  or  does  woman's  work.  2.  [U.  S.]  A  Florence 
flask.    [  <  Belly,  dim.  of  Bel,  abbr.  of  Elizabeth.] 

bc-tween',  1  bi-twin';  2  be-twen'.  I.  adv.  In  intervening 
space,  time,  position,  or  relation;  during,  in,  or  at  in- 
tervals. II.  prep.  1.  In  the  space  which  separates  (two 
places  or  objects).  2.  Intermediate  in  relation  to  (qual- 
ities, etc.).  3.  With  relation  to  both  of;  taking  one  or 
the  other  of.  4.  From  one  to  another  of  (two  places). 
[<  AS.  be-,  BE-,  +  twednum,  dat.  pi.  of  lim'jn.  double,  two.  I 

Syn.:  among.  In  strict  usage  between  Is  used  only  of  two 
objects;  among  of  more  than  two;  divide  the  money  between 
the  two,  among  the  three.  Between  Is,  however,  used  .it 
times  of  more  than  two  objects,  particularly  when  some  re- 
ciprocal relation  Is  denoted;  as,  a  treaty  between  the  three 


powers.  The  number  of  objects  governed  by  between  can 
never  be  less  than  two;  the  popular  error  of  saying  or  writing 
"between  each,"  "between  every  one,"  etc.,  is  to  be  carefully 
avoided;  correct  usage  requires  "between  each  two,"  "between 
every  two,"  etc.     See  amid. 

be-twixt',  1  bi-twikst';  2  be-twikst',  adv.  &  prep.     Be- 
tween.   [  <  AS.  be-,  be-,  +  -twix,  <  twi-,  two.] 
Syn.:  see  amid. 

Beu'lah,  1  biu'la;  2  bu'la,  n.  A  name  for  Israel.  Isa.  lxii,  4. — 
Land  of  Beulah,  in  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Progress,  the  land 
of  rest  where  pilgrims  abide  till  death.  [<  Heb.  be'uldh, 
married.] 

bev'el,  1  bev'el;  2  bev'el.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [bev'eled  or  bev'- 
elled,  bev'eld8;  bev'el-ing  or  bev'el-ling.]  To  give 
a  sloping  edge  to;  have  a  sloping  edge.  II.  a.  Oblique; 
slanting;  beveled.  III.  n.  1.  Any  inclination  of  two 
surfaces  other  than  90°,  as  at  the  edge  of  a  timber,  etc. 
2.  An  adjustable  instrument  for  measuring  angles;  a 
bevel«square.    [  <  F.  biveau,  bevel.] 

bev 'er-age,  1  bev'ar-ij ;  2  bev'er-ag,  n.  Drink ;  that  which 
is  drunk.    [<  OF.  bevre,  drink.] 

Be'vis  of  Damp  'ton,  1  bl'vis;  2  be'vis.  Hero  of  an  English 
medieval  romance,  who  figures  in  Drayton's  Polyolbion. 

bev'y,  1  bev'i;  2  bSv'y,  n.  [be'vies2,  pi.]  A  flock  of  birds; 
a  small  group  of  persons,  usually  of  girls  or  women.  [  < 
OF.  beveyc,  a  drinking  company.]    Syn.:  see  flock1. 

be- wail',  1  bi-wel';  2  be-wal',  vt.  &  vi.  To  mourn  for; 
lament  over;  make  lamentation.    Syn.:  see  mourn. 

be- ware',  1  bi-war';  2  be- war',  v.  I.  t.  To  look  out  for; 
be  wary  of .  II.  i.  To  be  cautious  or  wary;  exercise  pru- 
dence or  heed;  look  out:  often  with  of.  [  <  AS.  beon  (see 
be),  +  wser,  ware1.] 

be-wil'der,  1  bi-wil'dar;  2  be-wu'der,  vt.  To  confuse  or 
perplex;  daze.    [<be-  +  wild.]    Syn.:  see  abash. 

—  be-wll 'der-ment,  n.    Confusion;  entanglement.    Syn.: 
see  perplexity. 

be-witch", )  1  bi-wicTi';  2  be-wich',  vt.    1.  To  gain  power 

be-wich 'p,  )  over  by  charms  or  incantations.  2.  To 
please  irresistibly;  charm;  fascinate.  [  <  be-  +  witch.] 
Syn.:  see  charm. — be-witch 'ing,  pa.  Charming;  captivat- 
ing. Syn.:  see  beautiful. — be-witch 'ing-ly,  adv.  —  be- 
witch 'ment,  n.  The  act  or  power  of  bewitching,  or  the 
state  of  being  bewitched,    be-witch  'er-y  {  [Rare]. 

be-wray'||,  1  bi-re';  2  be-ra',  vt.    To  disclose;  betray. 

bey,  1  be;  2  be,  n.  1.  The  governor  of  a  Turkish  town  or 
district.  2.  A  Turkish  title  of  nobility.  [  <  Turk,  beg, 
lord.]  beg±. — bey'lik,  n.  The  district  ruled  by  a  bey. 
bey'Iict. — bey'ship,  n.  The  office  or  function  of  a  bey. 
bey'domt. 

be-yond ',  1  bi-yend' ;  2  be-yond'.  I.  n.  That  which  is  on 
the  other  side  or  farther  on;  especially,  the  future  life. 
II.  adv.  On  the  other  side  of  something  intervening; 
yonder;  far  off.  III.  prep.  Farther  or  later  than;  out  of 
reach  of;  superior  to;  surpassing;  more  than.  [<  AS. 
begeondan,  <  be-,  be-,  +  geond,  yond.] 

Bey-rout',  n.    Same  as  Beirut. 

Be'za,  1  bi'za;  2  be'za,  Theodore  (1519-1605).  A  French 
Genevan  theologian  and  historian,    de  Bezel:. 

bez'ant,  1  bez'ant;  2  bez'ant,  n.  1.  A  medieval  gold  coin  of 
the  Byzantine  empire,  value  about  $2.42;  also,  a  silver  coin, 
worth  about  72  cents.  2.  Arch.  A  flat  ornamental  disk.  [< 
c;r  i.i.toi-  Byzantion,  ( 'onstantlnople.j  bos'anli;  byz'antl. 

bez'el,  1  bez'el;2  bez'el,  re.  1.  A  bevel  on  the  edge  of  a  cull  ing 
tool.  2.  A  facet  of  a  gem.  3.  A  groove  and  flange  made  i" 
receive  a  beveled  edge,  as  of  a  watch=crystal.  4.  A  flat  en- 
graved gold  seal.    [<  OF.  biscl,  perhaps  <  L.  bis,  twice.] 

be-zlque',  1  ba-zik';  2  be-zik',  re.  A  game  of  cards  based  upon 
the  declaring  of  certain  combinations  upon  taking  a  trick; 
also,  a  combination  in  this  game.  [  <  F.  besigue.]  ba-zl<i  lie ' ! . 

be'zoar,  1  bl'zor;  2  bG'zor,  re.  1.  A  concretion  found  In  the 
atomach  and  Intestines  of  ruminants  and  some  other  ani- 
mals, supposed  to  have  medicinal  value.  2.  An  antidote  or 
panacea.  [<  \T.bazahr,  <  Per.  pddzahr,  <  pad,  expelling, 
+  zn/ir,  poison]  [crult;  wretch;  knave. 

be-zo'nl-an,  1  bi-z5'm-an;  2  bc-zo'nl-an,  //    |  Rare.]  A  raw  re- 

hhang,  1  ban;  2  bang,  re.  [Anglo«Ind.]  Tin-  dried  leaves  and 
capsules  of  the  Indian  hemp  prepared  for  smoking  or  as  an 
Infusion  for  drinking.  [Hind,  bhang.]  bangt;  banguet; 
bcngl. 

bhees'tee,  1  bls'tl;  2  bes'tc.  n.  [Anglo-Inil.]  A  native  water* 
carrier,    bhees'tlet;  bhees'ty*. 

bl-,  1  boi-;  li  hi-,  pri/is.    I.  Twice;  doubly;  two.    'J.  Chem, 

Having  Iwo  equivalents  Of  the  SUDStanCC  named;  as.  hl- 
Ohlorld.  [<  L.  bi,  <  bis,  twice,  <  duo,  two.]  Bl-  sometimes 
become  Mn  or  Dto-  for  euphony. 

B. 1.,  abbr.    British  India.     Bl.,  abbr.    Bismuth. 

bl-an'gu-lar,  a,  Having  two  angles  bl-an'nu-al,  a.  Oc- 
curring twice  a  year;  semiannual,     bi-an'nu-al-ly,  adv. 

Hl"ar"rl(/.',  1  liI"o"rits';  2  WaVritS*,  ".  A  ualcrlng-plaiv  In 
I'.asscs. Pyrenees  depart  metil .  France 

bi'as,  l  bai'es;  2  bias.    I.  vt.    [bi'asbd'  or  bi'asbddS  bi'- 

abth;  bi'ab-incj  or  bi'as-bino.]     To  caude  to  incline  or 


Mh  In  i  •  I  I  .»  ,ft;    not.  Ar;    full,  rO!c;    Illt.l'Orn; 

Klnghamtnn        >       >  »     I  •  •     •        •  i  0,  not,  Or,  wAn,  M 


hi 


■ 
in  i.i 


i. it. 


1 1 
in  i 

i 

s  max . 

I  n,  mini",  in. 

II.  i  under  the  chin  by 

iii-ti.r<  inns  . 

bib  t..  r.  \  tippler. 

blbl  . 
I . 

. 
itu.i.  p»p<  r.  i  light,  thin,  opaque, 
Blb'll-rml,  l 

:.  with  the  Bible. 

I,  hook  :  n 
iilnii   to  a   book   or 
till.  ll-o-grn  p-hIs, 

■ 

Mh    ll-o«    r.l-pln  r  .  r  Is  Skilled  III 

mi.  Il-o-craph  Ic,  blb"ll-o-graph'l- 

r»l:.      blb"ll-4>-»r.i|ili  I-.  .•!-!> .  I.lli    II-hk  r:i-|di>  . 

I .  ..•  loo  and  hist 

erature  i>«;ir- 
In*  on  a  partlcul..  l>ll< 'll-ol  '.i-tr> ,    n       Book* 

.    paid   in  tin. 
I  II.    II-.  1  .i-t.  r         -trl-t.  Illb'll- 

..i  b-cj  .         i  ■'■  Bibliography:  a 

hlirll-o-inan"r).    n       1  )l\ illation 

t.lh  "Il-.i-ma  ni-a,  n, 

:i  for  collect li  hlli"ll-n- 

iii  i  ni-.ii  .     I  lomanla;  book-mad. 

bib"li-"-m.i-iii  '.«-■  lit.    ii         One  who  has  a  passion  for 

I, Hi  ll-o-plillc,  n.     «  tin-  Who  loves  hooks 

iilb  lino-pole,  •      a  dealer  In  rare  boolu     blb*II-op'o- 

Ibi:.     hih  n-o-tii.-  r  i,  ;i.     a  library,  or  a  collection  ot 

hill  "ll-o-tlli  -"I    ll. 

Iilii H-liiiis.   ;  1.  Given  to 

drir...  -.  raJang  up  moisture  readily; 

absorbent.    (<  L.  bibulus,  <  btoo,  drink.] 

i.i-.  ir  i. o-ii. it.  .  bl-e&rbo-nftt,  n.     A 

ntainiiig  two  e  [uiv&lents  of  carbonic  acid  to  one 

■ois;2  blf.  n.     1.  A  blue  or  green  pigment.    2.  The 
-  ,.,f  this  pigment:  a  dull  or  grayish  blue.    [  • 
brown.) 
hl-<  mi  .r-,,1.  . .r  branches. — 

hl-i  .  n'tc-na-r>  .1  II.  n. 

The-;  bi-ccph'a- 

I..11-.  ■  bead.] 

M'eeps,  ]  I.  The  large  front  muscle 

ilar  strengl  b 
•n      (L..  <  I,  hi   i.i  1      bl-Clp'l- 

tal.  II  . 

M-i  lp  'l-tiiu- : .  [clilor  i a     ill-i  hlo'rld:. 

bi-i  hi.,  'rhi.   .  A  salt  In  which  there  are  two  i 

lib  k  'it.  I .   .  ulantly; 

wra:..  '■■    I  o  How  noisU  . 

■  .  m.  doubtful.] 
lib  k  'i  r  .        1 .  alter- 

bl<  k  'er-inj  .     .'.  nig,  babblin  ■ 

3.   \ 

-.» I.. 
Mcm'ef  .  l.ng]  A  wooden  vessel  for  food  or 

hi-ioior    i  hi. i  or  'nous,      TwoHborned, 

as  an  animal  or  a  crescei. '  L.  eornu,  horn.]   bl'- 

<  orn  :  ;  hl-(  or   ii  ii  t.- : .       h|-i  o> 'late,  11  a 

■  i.  rib.]  — bl-cru'ral, 

a      Having  [  ~    L.  crm 

bl-i  u-  '{till .      I.  a.     H  i  usps  or 

hl-i  ii.  p!-i|al:  ;  hl-(  lis 'pl-il.it,  :  . 

II  Anal.     A  premolar  tooth.     1+   L.  cuspU  (cuspid-), 

poln-  !     bl-<  ii-  |. 

M'Cl  -'b-.  I.  ti.  [-cled:  -i- lino  ]  To 

II.  chicle  with  a 
tandem  arrangement  of                         a  saddle  or  saddles 

ring-handle,  and  cranks  or 

[<   BI-  +   L.  ryclut  (<  Or.  kyt  C]  'ele:.  —  bl '- 

r)-fli  -,o  rides  on  a  bicycle:  a  wheelman,    bl'- 

■  ll-t : . 
bid,  1  bid;  2  •  '  1.  I      [bade,  bad,  or  bid:  bid'den  or  bid; 
BId'dino  1    I.  t      1.  To  make  an  ofT'-r  of  'a.  price;      '!■  I 
command;  order.     3.  To  invite.     4.  To  address,  as  a 


f..  i  .mi  publicly .  announce. 

I.  i      i ..  .■:!.  i  a  i  t  «  hit  prioe  one 


■  I. 


Btoj  olo. 

fn.liir»|.ll.o»;    ,t, 

■  I  ■■!.,    m,  f r--ril 

I.  .11...    ...  ..  p*d*ll|  * 

,    |r«|     »),,..      i 

s.vii :  see  pro- 


I.  An 


will    t 

r  t  wo 

lOlk. 

niaiicl  1      Syn  ;   s,-,-  ,  o\i- 
«i-  I.I.I  .It- til  >•• . 

Inclined    to   ■ 
bldd 

CUC       hid '(Inure,     n 
hi. lib  t,  bidding. 

n     I.  \   notification  or 
command;  al 
lation  or  Invitation 
The  making  of   a  bid  or 

sale. 
hill,  ■•;       An  offer  tO  pay  or  aCOOpl  ■  pr 

hi-.iar  i  \  I.       luo-toiii    [  - :  hi-  •  Or.  Aoktyloi,  finger.] 

i;i.i  'die,  i  bid  I    !  bid     John  (16  Fi  under  ol  Unl- 

tarlatilsin  in  I  ngland;  '  I  "till. 

bid'd)1.  i  i.i.i'i.  2  bld'y,  n.    \  ben 

bid'ii)  i,  n     \  female  domestto;  strlotly,  an  Irish servanUglrl. 

[Cor.  of  Itr: 
bide.  1  Imiil;  L' bill,  r.     [iiin'iti1  or  i-.m]  ;  mii.'im.  ]     I.I      1. 
it  t..r;  await.     Z.  Totolei  ■  n.liiri-      II.  i. 

To  dwell;  wait;  stay;  abide     I-     \>  Mdon.l 
Syn.:  s.i  ■  mi  h       biding,  1  bold'in;  2  hld'Ing,  n, 
tence;  habitation 

iii-ilc n  '(aie,  a,    i  ia\  ing  tvMi  teeth  or  tooth*Uke  prooeases.  [  < 

hl-il.ii   tal  . .      Iil-ilbt'l-tale,    .1 

Saving  two  iiikits  or  Onger»llke  prolongations, 
Bleia.  1  brie    '  Baron  (1782   1866).  Wllhelm  von.    A 

German  astronomer;  discovered  Blela's  cornel  In  1826 
bleld.  1  hii.i;  L' hriii,  [s.-ot!  i.        ["o  protect,    II.  «.    A  shel- 
ter.   [<  AS.  hi,  l,l,in.  '     >■■"'■>.  bold.]     helld!.      hleld '>  ,  a. 

bl-en'nl-al,  1  boi-en'i-M:  2  h]-<tri-ai.    I.  a.    Occurring  every 
ears;  lasting  two  years.    II.  n.    A  plant  thai  II 

years.    [<  m-  +  L.  biennis,  <  bl-  +  annul,  year  I     bl-en'- 

nl-al-li . 
Blen'Mlle'.  1  hyan'vll';2  byati'\  II'.  Jean  Bapdslc  l.emolne 

de  1 1680—1765).  a  French  captain;  horn  ini  lanada;  founded 

x..\v  <  irleans. 
bier,  1  btr;2  bfir,  n.    A  f ram. -work  for  carrying  a  .nips,-  p, 

the  grave;  hence,  a  coffin,  hearse,  or  the  grave  itself.  [  < 

I .-,  <  h,  run.  hear] 

bl-fa 'clal,  a.     1.  Having  two  fronts,  as  an  effigy  on  a  medal. 

'i.  Saving  the  opposite  Burfacea  unlike,  as  :i  leaf,     hi-fa'- 

ri-ous,  a.    'i'wo-rankr.i;  disposed  in  two  vertical  rows,  as 

on  a  branch.    !•    Bl-   I    L>. /or,  speak.]     hl'fer.n.    A 

plant  bearing  twice  a  vcar.  f  + 1.,  fern,  bear.]— blf'er-ous,  a. 

bl'ibl.       I  wo  -  left:  forked.  [+  L./tnoo, split.]— bl-fo'cal, 

a.     Saving  two  focuses,  as  eyeglasses      bl-foll-ate,  «. 

lint.  Two-leaved,     bl'form.a.  Two^ormed.  hl'forniedt. 

Blfrost,  1  blf'rest;  2  blf'rost,  «.  Norse  Myth.  The  iirldgc  be- 

\  gard  and  Mldgard. 
bl-rur'catc.  1  bol  ror'ki  I  ■••  bol'f or-k6t: 2  M-fur'eftl  orbl'far- 

To fork;  divide  Into  two  brand terns,    [<  bi- 

+  i,./  fori        hi-fur'eai  ■,  a.    Forked,    bl- for 'cat- 

edt;      bl-fur't'ousj.      I)i-ftir'ea(e-l\ ,     adv.     hl"fur-ca'- 
I  Ion.  n. 

big,  1  big; 2 big, a.    [bio'oer; bio'qest.]    1. Ofgri  ■■ 

■r. 'at  ;  Imlky.     'J.  fruitful; 
mi      3.  Full  to  overflowing      4.  Puffed  up;  pom- 
0B.     big  tree,  the  redwood  (Sequ 
(  aUfornla.     blg'ness,  n 

blg'a-my,  1  big/e-mi;2  bf^a-my,  n.  The  crime  of  marry- 
ing any  other  person  while  having  a  legal  spouse  living. 
[<  L.<<-  ••>  hi-  '.si-i-  m-i  :  G  irrlage.]     bt-gam'le, 

a.    blg'a-miius:.     blg'a-mlBt,  n.    One  guilty  of  bigamy. 
—  blg'a-mous-ly,  adv. 

blg'gln'.  1  hlti'ttiiL'  hlk-'ln.n.  [Kng.]    A 
.  covering  of  varying  form.    [<  F. 
biguin,  cap.) 

blg'gln-,  n.  [Prov.]  A  small  wooden  ves- 
sel; a  plggln. 

blg'gln',  n.    a  filtering  coffee-pot.     [< 
Mr.  fiiggln.  Invent) 

blg'glng,  1  blt,''in:  2  blg'lng,  n.  [Scot.]  I 
[.  I  house;  n  Idence.  2.  The  act  of 
building.  [  <  Ice.  bvoola.  build,  <  btta.  \ 
dwell]     blg'gln':. 

blg'glt,    1    hltt'it;   2   blg'lt,    pp.    [Scot.]T)„.  Hll 

l)lg'gl(=wa's",-n.  A  house  or     horn. 

Ii'.'i  1Um  i'„4 

blK'b,»'-n"'»  1  bigTiem*;  2  blg'hdrn  ,    h„,i  „( , 
n.      Tin-    Ho'ky     Mountain   sheep,        «»«. 
remarkable  for   its   jargn   horn-.. 

Blg'liurn"',  n.  A  river  In  Wyoming  and  Montana;  550  m. 
long  to  Yellowstone  river. 


1: a=  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Ifl  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    tj  =  s\ng;    thin,   this.  bib 

93  2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;   full,   rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this.  Binghamton 


bight.  1  bait;  2  bit,  re.  1.  A  slightly  receding  bay;  a  small 
recess  in  a  bay,  a  bend  in  a  river,  or  the  like.  2.  Naut. 
A  loop  or  turn  in  a  rope.  [  <  AS.  byht,  corner,  bay,  < 
bUgan,  bend.] 

big'ot,  1  big'at;  2  big'ot,  re.  An  illiberal  adherent  of  a  re- 
ligious creed  or  of  any  party  or  opinion.  [F.] — big'ot- 
ed,  a.  Stubbornly  attached  to  a  creed,  party,  system,  or 
opinion. — big'ot-ed-ly,  adv. — big'ot-ry,  re.  [-riesz,  pi.] 
Obstinate  and  Intolerant  attachment  to  a  cause  or  creed. 
Syn.:  see  fanaticism. 

big'wig",  1  big'wig";  2  big'wig",  re.  [Slang]  A  person  of  im- 
portance: in  allusion  to  the  big  wigs  formerly  worn  by  people 
of  consequence  in  England. 

bi"jou',  1  bl"5u';  2  bi"zhu',  n.  [bi"joux',  1  bl/'jiiz';  2  bi"- 
zhuz',  pi.]  A  jewel;  a  trinket.  IF.] — bi-jou'te-rie,  re. 
Jewelry,    bi-jou'tryj. 

bl-ju'gate,  1  bai-ju'eet;  2  bl-ju'gat,  a.  Two-paired,  as  a  pin- 
nate leaf  with  two  pairs  of  leaflets. 

bike1, 1  baik;  2  bik,  re.  [Scot.]  1.  A  nest  or  swarm  of  wild  bees, 
wasps,  ants,  or  the  like;  figuratively,  a  crowd.  2.  A  store  of 
wild  honey;  hence,  a  hidden  store. 

bike-',  re.  [Slang.]  A  bicycle. 

bi-la'bi-ate,  a.  Two-lipped. — bi-lat'er-al,  a.  Pertaining 
to  two  sides;  two-sided. 

Bil-ba'o,  1  bil-ba'o;  2  bil-ba'o,  re.  A  manufacturing  city  (pop. 
93.000)  in  N.Spain. 

bil'ber"ry,  1  bil'ber"i;  2  bil'ber"y,  n.  The  European 
whortleberry  or  its  blue-black  fruit. 

bil'bo1,  1  bil'bo;  2  bil'bo,  re.  [-boesz,  pi.]  A  finely  tempered 
Spanish  sword  made  at  Bilbao. 

bil  'bo2,  re.  A  fetter  consisting  of  two  sliding  shackles  attached 
to  an  iron  bar.    [<  Bilbao.] 

bile,  1  bail;  2  bil,  re.  1.  A  bitter  viscid  fluid,  yellowish  in 
man,  or  green  in  herbivores,  secreted  by  the  liver.  2. 
Anger;  peevishness.    [<  L.  bilis,  bile,  anger.] 

bilge,  1  bilj ; ,2  bilg,  v.  [bilged;  bilg'ing.]  1. 1.  1.  Naut. 
To  stave  in  the  bottom  of  (a  vessel).  2.  To  cause  to 
bulge.    II.  i.    1.  Naut.  To  be  stove  in.    2.  To  bulge. 

bilge,  re.  1.  The  flat  or  nearly  flat  part  of  a  ship's  bottom. 
2.  The  bulge  of  a  barrel.  [Var.  of  bulge.] — bilge'*wa"- 
ter,  re.  Foul  water  that  collects  in  the  bilge  of  a  ship. — 
bllg'y,  a.    Resembling  bilge-water,  as  in  smell. 

bil'i-a-ry,  1  bil'i-e-n;  2  bil'i-a-ry,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  con- 
veying bile.    [  <  L.  bilis,  bile.] 

bi-lin 'glial,  1  bai-lin'gwel;  2  bi-IIn'gwal,  a.  Recorded  or  ex- 
pressed in  two  languages;  speaking  two  languages. 

bil'ious,  1  bil'yus;  2  bil'yus,  a.  1.  Suffering  from  real  or 
supposed  disorder  of  the  liver;  hence,  ill-natured.  2. 
Of,  pertaining  to,  containing,  or  consisting  of  bile.  [  < 
L.F  biliosus,  <  bilis,  bile.]   -ly,  adv.   -ness,  re.  [letters. 

bi-llt'er-al,  1  bai-lit'ar-al;  2  bi-lit'er-al,  a.    Composed  of  two 

-bility,  suffix.  A  termination  forming  nouns  from  adjec- 
tives in  -ble;  as,  probability,  from  probable.  [  <  F. 
-bilite,  <  L.  bilita(l-)s,  <  -bilis, -ble,  +  -f<z(«-)s,  -ty.] 

bilk,  1  bilk;  2  bilk.  It.  vt.  To  take  advantage  of ;  cheat;  swin- 
dle.   II.  re.    1.  A  swindler;  dead  beat.    2.  A  trick;  a  hoax. 

bill1,  )1  bil;  2  bil,  vt.    1.  To  enter  in  a  bill;  charge.    2.  To 

bil1',  S  advertise  by  bills  or  placards. 

bill2,  vi.    To  join  bills,  as  doves;  caress. 

bill1,  re.  1.  A  statement  of  an  account  or  of  money  due. 
2.  [U.  S.]  A  bank*  or  government-note;  as,  a  ten-dollar 
bill.  3.  A  list  of  items;  as,  a  bill  of  fare.  4.  The  draft  of 
a  proposed  law.  5.  Law.  A  paper  filed  in  a  court  calling 
for  some  specific  action.  6.  Some  public  notice  or  ad- 
vertisement. [<  LL.  billa,  for  bulla;  see  bull2,  re.]  Syn.: 
see  MONEY. 

—  bill  of  entry,  a  detailed  memorandum,  entered  at  the 
Custom-house,  of  goods  Imported  or  for  exportation. — b.  of 
exceptions,  a  formal  statement  in  writing  of  exceptions  to 
the  rulings  of  a  court.  —  b.  of  exchange,  a  written  order 
from  one  person  to  another  for  the  payment  of  money  to  a 
third. — b.  of  fare,  a  list  of  I  he  dishes  provided  at  a  meal. — 
b.  of  health,  an  official  certificate  of  the  crew's  health  is- 
sued to  a  ship's  master  on  departure  from  a  port.  —  b.  of 
lading,  a  written  acknowledgment  of  goods  received  for 
transportation.  —  b.  payable,  any  written  engagement  to 
pay  money,  as  a  promissory  note.  b.  receivable,  a  written 
engagement  to  pay  money  as  held  by  the  person  to  whom  It  is 
payable. 

bill2,  re.    A  beak,  as  of  a  bird.     [  <  AS.  bile.] 

bill3, 7(.  1.  A  b.ook»shaped  instrument  used  by  gardeners 
in  pruning,  bill 'shook"}.  2.  An  ancient  weapon  with 
a  hook»shaped  blade;  a  halberd.  [  <  AS.  bill,  sword,  ax.] 
—  blll'man,  re.    A  soldier  armed  with  a  bill. 

billed,  1  bild;  2  bud,  a.  Having  a  beak  or  bill;  as,  a  long- 
WZfedbird. 

bil'Iet'1, 1  bil'et;  2  bfl'St,  v.  I.t  1.  To  lodge  (soldiers)  in 
a  private  house.  2.  To  serve  with  a  billet.  II.  i.  To  be 
quartered;  lodge. 

bil'Iet1,  re.    1.  A  written  missive;  a  note.    2.  A  requisition 


on  a  household  to  maintain  a  soldier.  3.  The  place  of 
men  so  lodged.    [F.] 

bil'Iet2,  n.  A  stick,  as  of  firewood;  any  short  thick  stick. 
[<  OF.  billele,  <  LL.  billus,  log.]— bal'letdiead",  re.  Naut. 
An  upright  post  in  the  bow  of  a  vessel,  as  for  a  harpoon-line 
to  run  around. 

bil"let=doux\  1  bil"e-du';  2  bil"e=du',  n.  [bil"lets- 
Donx',  1  bil"e-duz';  2  bil"e=duz',  pi.]  A  brief  love-letter; 
lover's  note.    [F.] 

bil  'Hards,  1  bil'yardz;  2  bfl'yardg,  n.  A  game  played  with 
ivory  balls  propelled  by  cues  on  an  oblong  cloth-covered 
cushion-edged  table.     [<  F.  billard,  <  bille,  block.] 

bil 'lings-gate,  1  bil'irjz-get;  2  bll'ing§-gat,  n.  Vulgar  and 
abusive  language.  [  <  Billingsgate  fish-market,  London.] 

billion,  1  bil'yan;  2  bil'yon,  re.  1.  [U.  S.  &  Fr.]  A  thou- 
sand millions  (1,000,000,000).  2.  [Eng.]  A  million  mil- 
lions (1,000,000,000,000).    [F.] 

bil'lionth,  1  bil'yanfh;  2  bil'yonth.  I.  o.  1.  Last  in  a 
series  of  a  billion:  an  ordinal  numeral.  2.  Being  one  of  a 
billion  equal  parts.    II.  n.    One  of  a  billion  equal  parts. 

BIH'jIm",  1  bil'jlm";  2  bll'jlm\  n.  The  typical  Australian:  a 
nickname. 

bil'Iow,  1  bil'o;  2  bil'o.  l.vt.&vi.  To  raise  into  or  roll  in 
billows;  surge;  swell;  undulate.  II.  re.  A  great  wave  of 
the  sea;  a  storm-wave;  also,  any  wave,  as  of  sound,  etc.; 
in  the  plural,  the  sea.     [  <  Ice.  bylgja.] — bil  'low-y,  a. 

bil'ly,  1  bil'i;  2  bTl'y,  n.  [bil'liesz,  pi.]  A  short  bludg- 
eon; a  policeman's  club. 

bll'ly-cock",  1  bil'i-kek";  2  bil'y-cSk",  re.  [Colloq.  Eng.]  A 
low-crowned  felt  hat;  derby.    Dll'li-cock"t. 

bl-Io'bate,  a.  Divided  into  or  having  two  lobes.  bl-Iobed't; 
bi-lob'u-lart. — Bim'a-na,  re.  pi.  An  order  of  mammals 
characterized  by  hands  contrad'stinguished  from  feet,  in- 
cluding man  alone.  [<  bi-  +  L.  -nanus,  hand  ] — bi'mane, 
re.— bim'a-nous,  a.  biin'a-nal  .  bl-ma'rl-an,  a.  Of 
or  pertaining  to  two  seas. — bi-men'sal,  a.  Bimonthly.  [4- 
L.  mensis,  month.] — bl"me-tal'lic,  a.  Consisting  of  or  re- 
lating to  two  metals. — bl-met'al-ism,  re.  The  concurrent 
use  of  both  gold  and  silver  as  money  at  a  fixed  relative  value. 
bi-met'al-lismi. — bI-met'al-istor-Hst,re.— bi-month'- 
ly,  a.  &  adv.   Once  in  two  months;  erroneously,  semimonthly. 

bin,  1  bin;  2  bin,  re.  1.  A  large  receptacle  for  holding 
meal,  coal,  etc.  2.  A  compartment  in  a  wine-cellar.  3. 
A  basket  used  by  hop-pickers.     [  <  AS.  binn,  manger.] 

bin-,  prefix.    See  bi-. 

bi'na-ry,  1  bai'na-n;  2  bl'na-ry.  I.  a.  1.  Pertaining  to, 
characterized  by,  or  made  up  of  two;  double;  paired.  2. 
Astron.  Denoting  a  pair  of  stars  revolving  about  a  com- 
mon center.  II.  re.  [-riesz,  pi.]  1.  A  combination  of 
two  things;  a  couple;  duality.  2.  A  binary  star.  [  <  L. 
binarius,  <  bini,  two,  <  bis;  see  bi-.] 

bi'nate,  1  bai'net;  2  bl'nflt,  a.  Bot.  Being  or  growing  in 
couples  or  pairs. 

I>iii-au 'nil,  1  bin-e'ral;  2  bin-a'ral,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or 
used  with  both  ears;  as,  a  binaural  stethoscope. 

bind,  1  baind;  2  bind,  v.  [bound;  bound  or  bound'en; 
bind'ing.]  I.t.  1.  To  tie  together;  make  fast  by  tying; 
cause  to  cohere.  2.  To  constrain  as  by  moral  influence 
or  moral  or  legal  obligation.  3.  To  put  a  bandage  or  a 
binding  on.  4.  To  gather  and  fasten  between  covers  the 
sheets  of  (a  book) .  II.  i.  1.  To  have  binding  force;  be 
obligatory.  2.  To  cohere;  stick.  3.  To  tie  up  anything, 
as  grain  in  sheaves.    [  <  AS.  bindati.] 

Syn.:  compel,  engage,  fasten,  fetter,  fix,  oblige,  restrain, 
restrict,  secure,  shackle,  tie.  Bindinii  is  primarily  by  some- 
thing flexible,  as  a  cord  or  bandage  drawn  closely  around  an 
object  or  a  group  of  objects,  as  when  we  bind  up  a  wounded 
limb.  We  bind  a  sheaf  of  wheat  wit  h  a  cord ;  we  tie  the  cord  In 
a  knot;  we  fasten  bv  any  means  that  will  make  things  hold 
together,  as  a  board  by  nails  or  a  door  by  a  lock.  The  verbs 
tie  and  fasten  are  scarcely  used  In  the  figurative  sense,  tho, 
using  the  noun,  we  speak  of  the  "ties"  of  affection.  Bind 
has  an  extensive  figurative  use.  One  is  bound  by  conscience 
or  honor;  he  Is  obliged  by  some  imperious  necessity:  <  tlgaged 
by  his  own  promise;  compelled  by  physical  force  or  its  moral 
equivalent.  —  Ant.:  free,  loose,  set  free,  unbind,  unfasten,  un- 
loose, untie. 

bind'er,  re.  One  who  or  that  which  binds;  specifically, 
a  device  on  a  reaping-machine  for  binding  grain,  blnd'er-y, 
n.  [-iesz,  pi.]  a  place  where  books  are  bound.— bind'ing. 
l.pn.    Causing  to  be  bound;  obligatory.    II.  re.    1.  The  act 

of  fastening  or  joining,  'i.  Anything  that  hinds  Objects  to 
each  other,  as  the  cover  of  a  hook.  ;t.  A  strip  sewed  over  all 
edge  for  protection 

hind,  n.    That  which  binds;  a  bond  or  tie. 

blnd'wced",  1  baind' Wld";  2  blnd'wea',  n.    A  convolvulus  or 

similar  climbing  plant. 
Blng'en,  1  blti'en;  2  blng'eh,  n.     A  town  (pop.  10,000)  on  tho 

Rhine,  in  iiesse,  < lermany, 
Blng'ham-ton,  1  bli.i'am-ian;  2  bing'urii-t.on,  n.    A  manulao 

turing  city  In  central  New  York;  pop.  48,000. 


Ill  II tl. I 

hi*.  •  i 


»        I  ii,.  m     flr:   full,  role;   I. HI.  hOrn; 

i       ,  i  i      i         i  I  ►<>.  u6t,  Or,  won, 


III 


Ma  "-■  > 

hl-ll..  , 

i 

;-Il  it, 

! 


hi 


lilm  I 

.     i    i 

,  .       ^  .       ,  -(     :,  .,     ,  ,.     .  t   ,     ;u._     ;  .»  lr.M.1  »i  I  .rr.      /'.  •     n.j.»«p- 

- 

hlo«  .  ■"■.''     '.:r.tph>  .  .  |,,||M 

bTo-gen'e-^.  ■■■•  trine  that  1  It 

US.]    hl- 
I     - 
MUll  Bhy,  'r:i-fy,  h.    l-l'lllis', 

M-og  r  i-i  \   .  ro's  life. 

tvrtte.]     Syn.:  >•■-■  bibtort. 

f •  i — •  ■  -r  r  i-p'n  r.  Of  a  per- 

aOD'<  -.ri|ih'ii.   IT'o-graph'l-cal.  <;       l'crtaln- 

hi 'o-graph  'l-cal-ly, adr. 

I, l-l  . 

bl-.il  •■-•_-> .   | 

bl"o-log'- 
i.       -|.,  ,!.        bfo-tog  i-c  1 1  - 1  v .  bl-ol'o-gls^n. 

hl-on  'ii-in\ .  !  -my,  n.    1.  I 

'.'.   i  be  branch  of 

!  adaptation. 

hi",  i- in  mi  'h-~ :.   -bl"o-noni'- 

ir.-i-iii.  .      iii "■•-iiiiiii 'i-«ai-i > .  bl-on'o-mlst,  n. 

hi  '*-p|  i-i.  hi  'n-plast,  n.    A 

lecle.   [< 

bl'o-blasl   .     Wo-plas'tle,  a. 

iii  ..-       ;.  .  U  'o-graph:. 

M-oi  \,  *.  peculiar  to  iiv- 

::.>•    makm-    •>•   -      :.'•••  that  treats  of  those  properties. — 

M-Ol     i.  .  III-..!     I-.    .1     . 

kin-tit-  .  'o-tft.  n.    Mineral.    A  magnesium* 

iron  mica.  •.  ick.    [  <  Blot,  a 

Mp'a-TOOS,  1. 

i  birth.    1  <  i 
til-p  > r i  i-M  .•  .  D  M- 

piri   II.-..      hl-par 'llli  .  ing  of  two  correspond- 

l,i-p  i r  t  V.|    .       lil"par-trtion,  n. 

hi  jM-il.  .  I.         B  iving  two  fed      11. 

in-)  -+- 
Up  •  -•!  ii.       ■  to  a  biped. 

bi-p.  n  n  lit  .        I.  I  .vo-wlnge»l  [<  bi- 

b .-pi  ii  'n  ii-i  ii  .     m-pi  ii  '- 
nl-form.  ;ed  like  feather" 

barb-< 

-    forma,  form.] 

til-pin  hi  ibly  pin- 

Mi,  wing.]    bl-pln'- 

!     .        Iil-plll  'n  ii.  -I 

hi  pl. nil-.  'plan,  n.     A  form  of 

.-.-.•■  Tanged 

•   I    from 

A  fourth  no-'  '''"- 

I 

II  i.  a  fourth 

I  .     '      To  whip  with 
II.  n.      1.  A  tree  of 

Liable  in  'liiri  layer?, 
b  rod.    3.  The  w 
I.  of  birch  bark.    [  <  AS. 


til-nil 

quad-rat  'lr. 
birth. 

Mn  h  'in.  made  of  birch 

hlrrh'ln*.  n.     1.  A  flogging.    2.  [U.  8.]    The  cutting  of 

bird  ,  1  burd;  2  bird,  wi.  To  trap  or  shoot  birds;  go  fowling 


Kim    fur    bird- 


i:\irniai  pal  i  •  "f  a  Bird. 

•  Uu  b«d 
and   i- a. 

•  0.  Hind 


'  mouth.     -1".  Rural  nf  un> 
t&  Culmo,  ■ 

[X'll'llllC    lU    fuUJt.  44. 

-     le    uf    up|»r 


11,.1-r  mcsdlbk, 


Ii. at.  lit  lr 


or  birri'hunUna     bird  lng  pi'  1 1 
row  linit'pleoe 
hint.        I.  \  warmdrfoodi'd,  feathered,  egg«laying  \>  rte- 

limb*  miihIi- 
tn  .1  '.'.    \ 

■    : 

:i   . 

a    i  I   .     \ 

\ oung  girl  |  -     \> 

l.ir.l  )        hlnl'. 

hull  i     ■      luir- 

ImiI  Ii.    hull    .  \ 

liluiil     arrow     formerly 

I  r.ir  ihooUni  bird*. 

h      i    ill.  I  .        \ll 

Inatrumenl    for  di 
big  Mriis  by  Imitating 
their  uoti      '.'.  \  bird 

in >t i-  in  calling      hini  -  ii.  k  .i 

lime",    n        \ 

mibetance  smeared    on  "•;■"'"•  l  »'<-', 

twlga    to    catch    small   ,  ,,  „„,  x\    ia.R„mp 

i>.  iii.iii,      •.  i  .  i ,  i„i 

[-Mr  N,    pl.)       An    :icn>-    '  .  i 

naut,      especially      an   '    ' ''  J      ' "  ,H "  '  '  '    ,u:' ' 

•  ,  . .  ,  -  1      «..-t.  .,.,.,.,  f  ,,,    |,r  il'U,  In- 

aeroplaniat     b.  ofMI-  ..  „,„„  1; .,..,._.,.   K.  M[ii{, or  ,blrd  ^   ,., 
nerra, or  h.  or  night.  u    m  BnutQ> 

tl wL      b.   of   para-    '■■     >    -•     i  larla*.    >7. TotlartM 

iIInc,    a    hlnl     of     \rw.  '"' ■   ""■     •-'•   Ai,.i..  ,,r  i...i.r.i  .!.„.    SO. 

Guinea     nutrd    fur    I  he    •■"»"">"'• 

<  .u  in  a     nuiKi    lur    uu     ,..,prlt    .I,,.  n,c  ii.r.«i.  ii,.-i...iii,|(     i 

curious  form  and  be  ..„|,1,„.  ,r ,  ,.r,  ,lir.,r 

of  the  plumage  in  the  i»r>.  at.  M«i»r  m-i  ;.     n  aula, 

male        b.    of    |l:iss;n;i  , 

a    migratory    bird.  — 
h.  organ,  n       \  amaTJ 

barrel  uri;ali   for  teach- 
ing   birds    in   sing, 
bird's'  i>i'".     a.      i. 
Marked  with  spots  re- 
BembUng  bird     ■    i       '.'-  Been  al  s  glance,  and  from  above, 
as  if  by  a  bird's  eye.-   blrd's'«ne8t*i  n.     i.  The  mucus 

ted   in  the  salivary  glands  of   Certain  BWntB,   used   fur 
building  ncst.s.    '£.  (  mm-  Ol  varluus  plants  resembling  a  bird's 
in -I,    as   the  wild  carrot.      3.   A   look-out    bo\  on  the  mast- 
head of  a  whaling  vessel.  —  blrd'«wo"man,  n  fern, 
brreme,  1  bal'rlm;  2  bl'rGm,  n.    An  ancient  galley  having  two 

ks  of  oars.    [<  L.  frircmls,  <  bl-.  hi-,  +  remus,  our.  | 
hl-ret'la.  1  bul-ret'a:  2  bl-ret'a.  n.   R.C.Ch.   A  square  official 

cap  worn  by  eceleslaBl  Ice.    [it.] 
Blr'ken-bead,  1  bOTTcen-hed;  2  bfrTien-hed,  n.     A  seaport  In 

northwi-steni  i:ni;land:  pop   l.'i-l.uOO. 
hlrl,  I  1  burl.  2  blrl.  r.    [Archaic  or  Dial.]  I.  I.    To  ply  or  fur- 
In  rl.     Dish  with  drink.     II.  f.     1.  To  draw  or  pour  out  drink. 
2.  To  drink  socially:  carouse.     [<   AS.  byrlian.   <  beran, 
bear.)      blrle:.     blrl'er,   n.      One  who   pours  out   drink. 
blrlet.     blrl'lng,  n.     [Scot.)     A  drinking-bout, 
hlrl.       [Scot  |  I.I.    To  twirl  or  spin,  as  a  coin;  hence,  to  pay 
(one's Share]  for  liquor.   II.  i.  To  rotate  rapidly;  spin  with  a 
oummlngsound.  limitative.]— blrl,  w.  [Scot. i  A  droning  noise. 
Ilir'inlng-haiii,   1   bur'mio-am  or  -ham;  2  blr'mlng-am  or 
-ham,  n.     1.  A  manufacturing  city  (pop.  a'Jh.ooii,  of  War- 
wick I  d  .2.  A  coal-mining  and  manufacturing 
city  (pop.  166.000),  Jefferson  county,  Alabama. 
birth,  1  bfirtli.  2  birth,  n.     1.  The  fact  or  act  of  being 
born;  nativity.    ?.  A  beginning;  an  origin,  3.  The  bring- 
ing forth  of  offspring;  parturition.     4.  Ancestry  or  de~ 
-,  lineage.     5.   Issue;  offspring.     [<  AS.  beorth,  < 
bear  |    S.vn.:  see  ah  inity;  kin. 
—  birth 'day",  n.     The  day  Of  ones  birth  or  Its  annlver- 
ueed  also  adjectivally,  -blrth'domt,  ".    Privileges  of 
birth;  birthright,     blrth'mark",  n.    A  mark  or  slain  exist- 
ing on  the  body  from  birth       blrth'nlght",  n.    The  night 
of  one',  birth,  or  its  anniversary;  also,  the  night  of  one's 
blrthdaj       hlrl h 'place",  n.  The  place  of  one's  birth  or  of 
origin  in  general,     birth 'right",  n.    Native  right  or  prlv- 

bls,  1  bis;  2  bis.  adv.    1.  Twice;  noting  duplication  or  repetl- 

tion.    •!.  I. in-., re:  a  call  for  the  repetition  of  a  number.  [L.] 
hi  —  ,     tflx.   SeeBi-. 

l.i-  .      >r.    BLsscxtlle.— Blsc,  aiir.    Blscayan. 
Bis'eay,  1  blsTtC;  2  bls'ca,  n.    A  province  (836  sq.  m.;  pop. 

350,000),  X.  Spain.— Bay  of  B.,  bay  on  north  coast  of  the 

province, 
bls'cuit,  1  bi-'kit;  2  bfs'cit,  n.     1.  [U.  8.]  A  small  soft 

cake,  generally  shortened  with  butter  or  lard,  and  un- 
tened:  often  eaten  hot.     2.  A  cracker:  so  called  in 

England.    3.  Bisque.    [F.]  . 

bl-seet",  1  bai-sekt';  2  bi-sect',  vt.     To  divide  into  two 

parts  of  equal  size.    [  <  m-  +  L.  sectus,  pp.  of  seco,  cut.] 

— bl-sec'tlon,  n.— bl-sec'tor,  n. 


TYPES  OF  LAND-  AND   WATER-BIRDS. 
1    Red-wlneed  blackbird.     2.  Wilson's  snipe.     3.  Woodcock.     4.  Blue  Jay.     r,.  Ruffed  BTOUSe.     6.  Cormorant.     7 

finch.     32.  Sparrow.     33.  Wren.     34.  Baltimore  orlolo.     35.  Meadow-lark.     30.  rbrusn.     37.  Hall.     38.  Barn-owi. 


'ill-Ill        I    a                               |                                                             I              i                           0        ,,      ,,          ,,          ,|          bOt,  t'Orn; 
I>l-iri-  I  I  .iiii  ,  vmii,,      !XJ 

bl--.  «   turn  I 


1  ■ 

' 

bUti  i'i>- 

mrnt  <>r 
bltqui 

1IIIMHI 
I'r  lin  ■  .  ,...|.|  \  mi 

i  teaman; 

■  ."  '  lustrous 

■  i      Id 

Ml  nil  lli-.il.  -Ir.  -mi-.   . 


American  HNon.    '     ■ 


til 


hi-k. 

III.    Lr  > 
111-    niirrk 

hi-    III  II I  ll 

hi      Mill. 


bl-i|ii.    . 

hl-rull- 

ul-i|U.'.  Mi    advantage 

to  an  opponent   In    varlom    nimi,    as    law  • 

bl  —  mi    111..  I.  rtaining 

II.  |  <    I.,  'n-,  in-.    - 

Murlt/ Ferdinand  von  (1844 
i  ..rmari  sol, :  •  slot  Belgium,  1914    17 

l.l-  -.Hi'.         1  ndlng. 

hi-  dr.  \  t>rown  pigment  prepared 

hi-  (ri .  ictlon  with  water 

bls'tered,        Stained  with  or  as  with 
hl-(r.il:. 
n-r>.  .       -      .  -  i  ry.  n     Sunj    A  narrow-hladcd 

dagger  ] 
bi--uiiai..  i.         ■    in  two;  cloven>hoofi  I      '-'.    I\\..- 

bl-anl'cat  odj. — 

hl--lll    II. I.    hl--ul  'plllil.  DtBULFlD.       bl-sul'- 

fu-         -phu-r.t:.       Iii-miI 'lid  .    hl--nr|ililli-,    n.      A   snl- 

bl-v.l    I'   III.  .,f   tWO. 

dl-»a'hm:       lil-i.i  h  m  .  .    .      hl-ia  '|rii-rj  :. 
''it-  I'.n  'ikii1;  iiu'tim.  ]    To  put  a  bit  in 

■ 
-  tin. 
hit  . 

fill  .1  :  with  a 

'.'.    I  be        \ 

of   a 
if  ;i  key 
that  engac 
tumblers  of 
Mtor.  i,n  •  itoek' 

nits  and  nit--tMi  k  or  Brace. 
bit  . 

• 

- 
bitch.     .  blch,    n.  '■'■        • 

ne  animal.    [  <  AS 

Ml'-..  2blt,r.    (hit.  iut'tp.n  or  hit,  hit's*:  in 

ll  .  biting:  with 

•'•  :!.   I 

I  ...   1 

ll           i                     something  with  t In- 
■'{.  J  o 

i  .",. 
. 

Ml  ..-l.l  i    .  hii.  '  ,-i,i  •              hii'iT,  n  blt'liiic, 

jw.  IiII'Iiik- 
hll    lllic-li. 

bite,  1.  ,r»  inflicted  by  bit- 

ip  or  hold  taken  by  a 

' 
Bl-th>  n  '1-a,  1  bi-thln'i-a:  2  bi-thjn'l-a.  n.    An  ancient  coun- 

\ila  Minor. 
Bl-to  'll-a,  -.     -ame  as  Mosastib. 


hill.  1   I  \  il  I  In, In  r  00 

(n  \\  hlili  i  .,'  inllj   In  pair*. 

hll      1,11. 

bll  ii  i .  i  i  ■ ,  uliai  acrid 

'.'•  i  i  body  "i  mind; 

l.     ! 
•  ■ 

Id,  acidulated,  acidulous,  acrid, 
pungent, 
I    .i  n 

i, hi  lin- 
two  former  arc  sharply  dl  Dm  tho  lattei 

..i  lemon«Julce;  bUti  r 
to  that  of  quaasla,  qulnln,  or  strychnin  I    allied 

ot  popper  or  Minn  on 
Hii'm:  or  sini'ii;  as,  a  pungent  odor.    Can 

oorrodlng  eftool  ol  Bomc  strong  ohemli 
nitrate  of  silver     in  a  figurative  sen* 

words,  bluet  complaints,  caustic  wit,  cutting  Irony,  im- 
tiio  aa  Ing  taunt,  harth  judgment,  a  tort  reply, 

■  iirrics  the  Idea  of  Intentional  and  severe  unl  lm 
imii  r  u(  :i  severity  thai  arises  from  real  or  supposed  in  treat- 
ment    The  bitter  mi>< -«-<-ii  springs  from  the  sore  hear) 

■u\<  utterances  ma)  proceed  morels  from  a  wll  rook 
p.  ..ii  indicate   tnoi  e 
•  it  bos) Hi-  in:  oe  I    meant  to 

burn,  perhai  j"  the  satire  of  Juvenal  or 

Dtes      i  ompare  uau i;   iiorosi      Ant.:  dulcet, 

honeyed,  luscious,  ni  barlne,  sweet, 

hit  'liT-l-li.  hll 'ti-r-l>  ,     ad         hll  'ler-ness,     n 

hit  'trr.        I.  Thai  which  is  bit  •  '-'•  pi    An 

infusion  ol  bitter  ingredit  nta,  often  with    i 

bll  'lern',  I  bit'ern;  2  blt'Srn,  n.    A  small, speckled,  pale 
luiiT  heron,  that   utters  a   booming 
note  iu  the  breei Ii 

hii'trrii,    n       1.  in   saiumanufacture, 
brine  remaining   after    crystalllsar 
imii      'i.  a  bitirr  mixture  ol  q 
tobai  &  I  In  adulteration  ol 

mi  n.ii.  a.] 

blt'ter-sweet",  l   blt'sr-ewlf;  2  blt'er- 
l .    \   isoarse   trailing   plant, 
the  woody    night 

brlghtored  berries.    Its  twigs  and  root 
have  a  taste  ;i(  Orsl  bitter  and  after- 
ward sweetish.    2.  A  Bhrubby  or  climb- 
ing piani   with  green   Dowers  succeeded  by  orange  pods 
that  display  a  red  aril. 

hit  'ting,  l  bit'in;  2  Wt'lng,  n.  The  breaking  of  a  colt  to  the 
hit.  [tance 

blt'toek,  1  blt'ak;2  blt'Ok,  n.    [Soot.]    A  little  bit;  short  dls- 

hi-iu'nieii,  1  tii-iiivmi'ti;  2  bl-tu'men,  n,  l.  Mineral.  A  na- 
tive mixture  ol  b.j  d  a  phall  ';.  A 
brown  paint,  (i..|  be-to  'men} ;  bi-iinne'; ;  by-tu'ment. 
hi-tu'ml-iil/c,  <t  To  change  Into,  cover,  or  mix  with  bltu- 
iiii.n  bl-lu'inl-nlse;.  bl-tu"mi-nl-za'|or  --a'  tlon, 
n.     hl-tu'nil-nous,  a.    hi-tii'ini-iiosct. 

bl'vali  e*.  1  bai'valv;  Z  bl'valv.  La.  Saving  two  valves, 
aa  a  molluak.  bi'valv(odHt;  bl-val'vousj ;  bi-val'vu- 
larj.  II.  it.  A  headless  mollusk  having  a  shell  of  two 
valves,  as  the  oyster.    |  <  m-  +  vax 

M- vol 'tin,  1  boi-vOl'tm;   2  bl-vOl'tln,  r».    A  silkworm  that 
two  oocoons  a  year.    [•    bi-       i       U    wheel.] 

biv'ou-ae,  1  biv'u-ak  or  biv'wak;  2  liiv'i.i-:"n-  or  blVw&e. 

I.  | in \  'in  -  \.  Ki.n';  ihv'iii  -w  h-i.v;  |  To  encamp 
f..r  the  nighl  withoul  tents,  II.  n  I.  A  temporary  en- 
campmenl  withoul  shelter,  'i.  Formerly,  a  nighl  watch, 
as  by  an  entire  armed  force,  ("  prevent  surprize  |l  ] 
In.  'u-uekf. 

hl-w  i-rk  'i> .    1.  a    <  locurring  or  appearing  once  In  two  weeks. 

II.  n     A  biweekly  publlcal Ion 

bi-/arre',   1    l.i-zor';  2  bi-zar',  a.     Grotesque;  odd;  fan- 

[i-'.l   SypjseeODD. 
Bl"set',  1  bi'si  Uexandre  Cesar  Leopold  (1838- 

i  h7.",      a  i  rencfa  composer;  ( 'at 
BJttrn'son,  1  byOrn'  on,  Itjiirnsljernc  (1832- 

A  Norwegian  poet,  novel!  t,  and  dramatl  I 

bk.,  nhhr     Bank,  bark,  book,     bkg.f  aVbr.     Banking. — bkt., 

abbr    [iik -is.,  pi .]    Basket.     B.  L.,  a66r.     Bachelor  of  Laws. 

ni.,  abbr.     [m-s.,  pi.\    Bale,  barrel.— b.  I.,  abbr.     Bill  of 

lading. 

blab,  l  blab;  2  blab,  v.    [blabbed,  blabds;  blab'biho.] 

I.i     To  tell  or  repeat  indiscreetly.    II.  >.    To  tell  tales; 

tattle    I     Dan, bumtre,  babble.]   Syn.:sce  babble.  —  blab'- 

h,  r. 

black,  1  blak;  2  blak.  I',  tt.  fc  ri.  To  make  or  become 
black ;  blacken  and  polish.  II.  a.  L  Saving  little  or  no 
power  to  reflect  lii/ht;  of  the  color  ol  jel  "i.  Having  a 
very  dark  -km;  swarthy.    8.  Destitute  ol  lighl ;  gloomy; 

dismal;  forbidding;  also,  sad;  shameful.    4.  Evil;  malig- 


1:3=  final;    1  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cThin;    go;    rj  =  sires;    Chin,   this,     blsegment 
97     2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,  burn;  611,  b&y;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this.  blare 


nant;  wicked;  deadly.  III.  n.  1.  The  absence  of  color, 
or  the  darkest  of  all  colors;  sable.  2.  That  which  is 
black.  3.  A  negro,  black'a-moort.  [<  AS.  blac, 
dark.]  Syn.:  see  dark. — black  art,  magic;  necromancy. — 
black'sa-vised",  a.  [Scot.)  Having  a  dark  face  or  com- 
plexion, black 'a-vlced":t. — b.  bass.  1.  A  voracious  fresh* 
water  fish  of  the  eastern  United  States  and  Canada.  2.  The 
black  sea-bass.  black'=will"t.  —  b.  death,  a  plague  preva- 
lent in  Asia  and  Europe  in  the  14th  century.  —  black Tel"- 
low,  re.  An  Australian  aborigine.  —  black 'fish",  re.  1.  One 
of  various  dark-colored  cetaceans,  as  the  pilot-whale.  2.  One 
of  various  lishes,  as  the  tautog.  the  black  sea-bass,  etc. — b. 
flag,  the  emblem  of  piracy,  a  white  skull  and  cross-bones  on 
a  black  field.-  B.  Hand,  a  Sicilian  blackmailing  secret 
society. — b.  lead,  graphite;  plumbago. — black 'lead"d,  it. 
To  coat  or  cover  with  graphite.  —  b.  list,  a  list  of  persons  un- 
der suspicion,  censure,  etc. — black 'ness,  re. — b.  vomit,  the 
yellow  fever,  or  the  dark  matter  vomited  in  its  latter  stages. 

black 'ball",  1  blak'bel";  2  blak'bal".  I.  vt.  1.  To  vote 
against,  as  with  a  black  ball;  ostracize.  2.  To  blacken, 
as  shoes,  with  blackball.  II.  n.  1.  A  vote  rejecting  ap- 
plication for  membership.  2.  Shoemakers'  blacking 
made  into  balls. 

black  'ber"ry,  1  blak'ber"i;  2  blak'beV'y,  n.  [-ber"ries7-, 
pi.]  The  black  edible  fruit  of  certain  shrubs,  or  one  of 
the  plants  producing  it. 

black'bird",  1  blak'burd";  2  blak'bird",  n.  1.  A  common 
European  thrush,  the  male  of  which  is  black,  with  a 
yellow  bill.  2.  One  of  various  black  or  blackish  North* 
American  birds,  as  the  crow  =black  bird,  marsh  s black- 
bird, etc.    See  bird. 

black 'board",  1  blak'bord";  2  blak'bord",  n.  A  black- 
ened surface,  for  marking  upon  with  chalk. 

Black'burn,  1  blak'burn;  2  blak'burn,  re.  A  county  borough 
in  northwestern  England;  pop.  133,000. 

black 'cap",  1  blak'kap";  2  blak'eap",  n.  1.  Any  of  sev- 
eral birds  having  a  black  crown,  as  the  European  war- 
bler, chickadee,  etc.     2.  The  black  raspberry,  or  its  fruit. 

black 'cock",  1  blak'kek";  2  blak'c6k",  re.  The  male  of  the 
heath-  or  black-grouse. 

black'en,  1  blak'n;  2  blak'n,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  make  black, 
dark,  or  gloomy;  darken.  2.  To  defame;  calumniate. 
II.  i.    To  become  or  grow  black. 

Black 'feet",  1  blak'flt";  2  blak'fet",  re.  pi.  1.  A  Siouan  tribe 
of  North-American  Indians.  2.  An  Algonklan  nation,  in- 
cluding the  Blackfeet  proper,  with  other  tribes. 

Black  For'est  (G.  Schwarz'vvald,  1  Shvurts'vult;  2  shvarts'- 
valt).  A  mountainous  wooded  region  in  Baden  and  Wurt- 
temberg. 

black'guard, )  lblag'ard  or  -3rd;  2blag'ardor-ard.  l*.vt. 

black 'gard8,  )  To  revile.  II.  a.  Of  or  like  a  blackguard ; 
base;  vile.  III.  n.  A  low,  vicious  fellow,  -ism,  n. 
-ly,  adv. 

Black  Hawk  (1767-1838).  An  American  Indian  chief  who 
fought  against  the  United  States  in  1831-1832. 

Black  Ilills.  Elevations  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  South  Dakota 
and  N.  E.  Wyoming;  7,403  ft.  high. 

black  'ins,  1  blak'irj;  2  blak'ing,  re.  A  preparation  used 
to  give  blackness  or  luster,  or  both. 

black 'ish,  1  blak'isTi;  2  blak'ish,  a.  Somewhat  black; 
darkened, 

black '=jack",  1  blak'-jak";  2  blak'-jak",  n.  1.  A  small 
oak  of  the  S.  E.  United  States.  2.  Adulterated  butter. 
3.  A  black  flag  as  a  pirate's  ensign.  4.  A  small  bludgeon 
with  flexible  handle.  5.  A  drinking-can,  formerly  of 
leather,  now  of  japanned  metal. 

black 'It's",  1  blak'leg";2  blak'leg",  n.  A  professional 
swindler  or  gambler;  a  cheat;  sharper. 

blacii  let'ter.    The  ancient  Gothic  or  Old  English  letter. 

13jt£  line  is  in  black  letter. 

black 'mail",  1  blak'mel";  2  blak'mal".  I.  vt.  To  levy 
blackmail  upon.  II.  n.  1.  Extortion  by  threats  or  ac- 
cusation. 2.  [North.  Eng.  &  Scot.]  A  tax  formerly  paid 
to  bandits  to  insure  immunity  from  pillage.  —  black'- 
niail"cr,  re. 

Black 'more,  1  blak'mOr;  2  blak'mOr,  Kit-hard  Doddridge 
(182S— 1900).    An  English  author;  Lorna  Doone. 

Black  Prince,  Edward,  Prince  of  Wales,  a  son  of  Edward  in. 
of  England:  so  named  either  from  the  color  of  his  armor  or 

from  the  terror  lie  inspired. 

Black  Sea.    A  sea  S.  of  Russia;  163,711sq.m. 

black  'smith",  1  blak'smiih";  2  blak'smlth",  n.    A  smith 

who  works  in  or  welds  wrought  iron. 

black 'snake",  1  blak'snek";  2  blak'snak",  n.  1.  One  of 
various  black  or  dark  snakes.    2.  A  heavy  pliant  whip  of 

rawhide. 

Black 'stone,  1  blak'stOn;  2  blak'stOn,  Sir  William  (1723- 

1780)  an  English  patriot;  Commentaries. 


black  'strap",  1  blak'strap*;  2  blak'strap",  re.  1.  [Local,  U.S.] 
(1)  Mixed  rum  and  molasses,  sometimes  with  vinegar.  (2) 
Switchel.  2.  Among  sailors,  cheap  port  or  other  dark  Med- 
iterranean wine.    black'strlpe"t. 

black'thorn",  1  blak'thern";  2  blak'thorn",  re.  A  thorny 
shrub  of  the  rose  family;  also,  a  walking-stick  made  of 
its  wood.  [hence,  to  ill-treat. 

blad'1,  1  bind  or  blad;  2  blad  or  blad,  ttf.  [Scot.]  To  strike;  slap; 

hi  ad.  n.    A  large  slice  or  portion. 

blad2,  re.    A  blotting-pad. 

blad3,  re.    A  slap.    [Imitative;  blad*  =  blade.] 

blad'der,  1  blad'sr;  2  blad'er,  n.  1.  A  sac  in  the  pelvic 
cavity,  for  the  temporary  retention  of  urine.  2.  Some 
part  or  organ  of  analogous  structure,  as  an  air-vessel  or 
an  air-cell.  3.  Something  resembling  a  bladder,  as  being 
puffed  out  or  unsubstantial.  [  <  AS.  blsedre,  blister,  < 
V  of  blow1,  v.] 

blade,  1  bled;  2  blad,  re.  1.  The  flat,  cutting  part  of  any 
edged  tool  or  weapon;  also,  the  flat  part  of  any  instru- 
ment or  utensil,  as  of  an  oar,  screw  propeller,  plow,  etc. 
2.  The  leaf  of  grasses  or  certain  other  plants.  3.  A  rak- 
ish young  man;  wild,  reckless  fellow.  [  <  AS.  bleed,  leaf.] 
— blade'sbone",  re.  The  scapula.  —  blad'ed,  a.  Having  a 
blade  or  blades. — blade'smlth"t,  re.    A  sword-cutter. 

blain,  1  blen:  2  blan,  n.  A  pustular  tumor;  a  blister.  [< 
AS.  blegen,  boil,  <  V  of  blow1,  v.] 

Blaine,  1  blen;  2  blan,  James  Gillespie  (1830-1893).  An 
American  statesman  and  writer;  Secretary  of  State  under 
Garfield,  1881. 

Blake,  1  blek;  2  blak,  re.  1.  Robert  (1599-1657),  an  English 
admiral  who  defeated  the  Dutch  and  the  Spai  lards.  2. 
William  (1757-1827),  an  English  painter,  poet,  and  mystic. 

blame,  1  blem;  2  blam,  vt.  [blamed;  blam'ing]  To  find 
fault  with;  censure;  accuse.  [<  F.  bldmer,  <  LL.  blas- 
phemo:  see  blaspheme,  v.] 

Syn.:  accuse,  censure,  chide,  condemn,  find  fault  with,  re- 
buke, reprehend,  reproach,  reprobate,  reprove.  See  con- 
demn; reprove.  Compare  arraign.  —  Ant.:  acquit,  ap- 
prove, eulogize,  exculpate,  exonerate,  extol,  laud,  praise. 

—  blam'a-bl(ep,  a.  Deserving  censure;  culpable;  faulty. 
blame 'fult;  blame'wor"thyt.  — blam'a-bly,  adv. 

blame,  re.  Expression  of  disapproval,  as  for  something 
wrong;  faultfinding;  censure;  also,  fault;  culpability. 

Syn.:  see  animadversion.  —  blame 'ful-ly,  adu.  —  blame'- 
ful-ness,  re. — blame'less,  a.  Innocent;  guiltless.  Syn.: 
see  perfect.  —  blame'less-ly,  adv.  —  blame'less-ness,  re. 

Blanc,  Mont,  1  men  blah;  2  moh  blan.  Highest  peak  of  Alps 
(15,781ft.). 

blanch',  1  blancli;  2  blanch,  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  or  become 
white  or  pale;  bleach;  pale.  [<  F.  blanchir,  <  blanc, 
white.]  Syn.:  see  bleach. 

blanc"*mange',  1  bla"-mf>hj';  2  bla"=mahzh',  re.  A  whit- 
ish jelly-like  preparation  of  isinglass,  gelatin,  etc.,  used 
for  desserts,  etc.  '  <  F.  blancmanqer,  white-eating] 
blanc"=man'gert. 

bland,  1  bland;  2  bland,  a.  1.  Affable  in  manner;  gentle; 
suave.    2.  Mild;  balmy;  genial.    [<L  blandus,  mild] 

Syn.:  affable,  balmy,  benign,  complaisant,  courteous,  ge- 
nial,  gentle,  gracious,   mild,  smooth,  soft,   tender.  —  Ant.: 
acrid,  biting,  brusk,  curt,  harsh,  rough,  rude. 
— bland 'ly,  adv.  —  bland'ness,  re. 

blan-dil'o-o,uenee§,  1  blan-dil'o-kwens;  2  blan-dll'o-kwfcnc, 
re.  The  language  of  compliment  or  courtesy.  [<L.  blandus, 
flattering,  4-  loquenU-)s,  ppr.  of  loqnor,  speak.] 

blan'dish1,  1  blan'dish;  2  blan'dish,  vt.  To  wheedle; 
caress;  coax;  please.  [<  L.OF  blandus.  bland.]—  blan '- 
dish-ment,  re.  Soothing,  caressing,  or  flattering  speech  or 
action. 

blank,  1  blank;  2  blank,  a.  1.  Wholly  or  partly  free  from 
writing  or  print.  2.  Lacking  in  ornament,  interest,  or 
results;  empty;  void.  3.  Without  rime;  as,  blank  verse. 
4.  Disconcerted;  confused.  5.  Utter;  downright.  6. 
Pale  or  white;  colorless.  [<  F.  blanc,  <  OI-IG.  blanch, 
white.]    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

Syn.:  bitre,  barren,  clear,  empty,  plain,  unfilled,  unlimited, 
unmarked,  unsigned.    See  bleak;  vacant. 

blank,  n.  1.  A  paper  containing  mi  written  or  printed 
matter.  2.  A  written  or  printed  paper  with  blank 
spaces.  3.  A  vacant,  space.  4.  A  lottery-ticket  which 
has  drawn  no  prize;  a  disappointing  result.  5.  A  par- 
tially prepared  piece,  as  of  wood  or  metal,  ready  for 

forming  into  a  finished  object,  lis  a   coin,   key,  button, 

etc.    0.  The  central  white  spot  oi  a  target;  bull's-eye. 
hlan'ket,  1  blan'ket;  2  blao'kfet.    I'1,  vt.    To  cover  with  or 

:is  with  a  blanket.  II.  n.  A  heavy  woolen  covering,  as 
of  a  bed;  also,  a  sheet,  of  other  material,  as  of  india-rub- 
ber, [OF.,  orig.  white,  <  blanc,  white.] 
blare,  1  bliir;  2  Mar.  l.vt.&vi,  [blared;  hlah'ino.]  To 
sound  loudly,  as  a  trumpet.  II.  n.  A  loud  braiten 
sound.    [Onomutopoctlc]   Syn.:  sue  noise:. 


M.irn.  \ 

bl(MKl) 


bUv. 

blav-i 


i        .  i  I  i  .,       ,,     ,v  ;   full.  rule;   Lilt.  I.ftrn; 

i       i  •  |        1  ii  i       ■  .    I  -  i\  go,  uAt,  Or,  "»iii, 


98 


i.i.i-i. 


1. 1 


hb- 


1.1  .1 


hi  I    Inn. 

U  I    I   ,>, 


II 

[ill  \-«- 

I 

i  .  -1    ..r 
I  I 

pi r.         m  i-  phe-tnoun, 

bias  - 
i.i  u  phe-m) .  Kvil 

I  i  ■■  nd  in  i ■* 

blight. 

I 

artificial 

.'. 

;.  \  - 

blast  iiu  in   . 


.  rowtb,  sprout 

l  rending 

>  .tin-ring. 

germ    a 

bias  t..-. I. tiii.         Umbryul.    Tin-  gi  nnl- 

i.  To  utter  needlessly; 

i.l  ii.  : . 
.  blustering 

[able  ) 
miser- 
1.  Without  bright] 

U,  pale  1 
Malt:. 
Math 'ex,  ]      ..•:  x  ■ :      To  i  alk  garrulously 

le.  bladhra.) 
t.l.iili  i  r.  •. 
buth  •  r-~ki c  .  >  blAth'er-sUt.  n. 

I  '•  How.     2.  Blustering 

talk:  balderdash.     hl.ih.r--k.ii.:. 

-  Boot.]     1.  To  blow: 
brag.    -' 
blaw.  •  loasom.    [-  blow>.  n.) 

Iil.i/.    .  I.     ■    .\  bi.azkd;   blaz'im;  ] 

q  or  shine  with 
a  fla-  II.  ing  flame; 

brightness    •  Dame.]    Syn.: 

•    .•  Ilil.;  LH.HT. 

Iil.i/.         I.  r  noise  about:  pro- 

II  .    '.       A    pi  ..r    report.      [ME. 

i  trumpi  t  )    blalsel :  blasei  ■ 
lil. i/'       I.  oi  peeling; 

II.  1.   A 

;. 

indicate  a  path;  a  path  so 

Mi/  '  r.  2  I'laz'.  r,  n.     1.  A  lightweight  jacket 

of  fi:i  .   worn  in  out  2.  A 

'  under  it  for  hot 
iil.i'/. in.  I.    ■     1.  1     proclaim;  pub- 

II.         1.  \ 

'.'.    \  proclaiming 
abroa  uld  1    Syn.:  see  Pi  B- 

Ma'aoo-er,        bla'son-ment,        Ma'xon-ry,  i 

i  'ing  beraldlc 

; 
Ml;  . 
-i.l  . 

I.    -bilU.  -BLE.] 

lib  I'll  •  To  whiten;  blanch.    [< 

i  •.  whiten 

nmmonly  It  means  to  over- 

ch  both 

sign i'  -.  the  former  perma- 

.  blanch 
celery,  or  tempor..- 

■••  clally  by  false 
approval  —  Ant_'  I  stain. 

I.l.   i.  B  '•  r.  I 

i  stand  forspi 
lil'  m  i.  ■  r-;.  .  ir  -.*.  pi]    1.  A 

eacr  ■  .'  I  L(  mkk.  2. 

1.  to  wind  and  weather; 

i'J,  cutting,  or  penetrating. 
lie.  shining.] 


bleak, 


Kyn  ■  blank  bill,  cold,  cutting. desolate,  di 

...run.  unsheltered,  waste,  wild,  wind) 
balmy,    bright,   cheerful,   genial,   homelike,   mild, 
inny,  warm      bleak 'l>,  ntt      bleali'neas,* 
M.  ik.         v    mall  European  nab,  ire  lined  with 

I  in  making  artificial  pearls,    [< 

HI  I   \k.   rl   | 

iiir.ir.  i  i.iir.  8  I'l'T     I,    •      ro  dim  or  inflame  (thi  i 

ure,  as  the  face  with  tears;  blur      II.  •■      Dimmed, 

rheum;   dull .   bleared      [ME    Wsrsn, 

blink. |     blear'teyed",  a     I.  Weak-sighted     '.*.  MenUlly 

ii.  Hiuiit:.     iiir.ir).    .]     blear l-neas, 

blear 'ness,  a. 

bleat .  l  bill .  2  bll  I      I  ,  i       ■  .  p  01  t-  •  •  -•  •  t 

ll.  I  the  sheep  or  goal     |  ■ 

bleb,  l  bleb;  2  bleb,  h.    A  blister,  or  bladdertlke  bod] .  bub- 
ble.   [ImlUtlve.l 

blee,  1  bD:2  bie,  n    [Poet  orObs.]   Complexion;  hue, 

bleed,  1  blld;  2  bled,  i  [bi  i  d;  bi  i  i  i.'in..  |  I.i  1.  Po 
draw  blood  from;  cause  to  lose  sap  or  other  fluid  '-'■  I  • 
shed  or  exude  3.  [(  lolloq.lTo  extort  monej  from;  over- 
charge. II.  i  I.  To  lose  blood;  feel  deep  griel  ..r  sym- 
pathy '.'•  i  ifl*ei  "i  die,  as  in  battle  3.  To  lose 
blood,  sap, .  to  4.  To  sufft  i  bj  extortion  oi  imposition 
\-   •  .  tan,  <  bid<i.  lil I  ] 

bleexe,  lbtb  I.e.    To  blaze.    II.  n.    a  blase 

blemish,  1  blem'ufh;  2  bUSm'iah  I',  it  To  mar  ..r  im- 
pair. II.  n  A  disfiguring  defect;  also,  moral  reproach 
or  -tain.  |  <(  IF.  W<  »nr,  wound,  <  (oe  WoV,  livid,  bluish  | 
Syn.:  blot,  blur,  brand,  crack,  daub,  defacement,  defect, 
deformity,  dent,  disfigurement,  disgrace,  dishonor,  fault, 
Daw,  Imperfect  Ion,  Lnjurj .  reproach,  smirch,  soil,  speck,  spot, 
stain,  stigma,  taint,  tarnish  Whatever  mar.-,  the  bi 
completeness  of  an  object  Is  a  blemish,  whether  original,  bj 
squinting  eyes,  .>r  the  result  of  accident  or  disease,  i 
the  pits  "f  smallpo  Is  superficial;  s  /'"»  or  tafnl 

Is  in  structure  or  substance.    In  the  moral  sense,  we  speak 

of  a  bin!  or  stain  upon  reputation;  a  Ilnu  or  fatal  In  Character. 
."  Is  t  in-  want  or  lack  of  something;  fault,  prlmurlly  a 
falling,  Ls  something  thai  falls  of  an  apparent  intent  or  tils- 
appoints  a  natural  expectation;  thus  a  sharp  dislocation  or 
displacement  of  geological  strata  Is  railed  a  fault.  Figur- 
atively, a  blemish  comes  from  one's  own  ill-doing;  a  brand 
or  stigma  ls  Inflicted  by  others;  as,  the  brand  of  Infamy.  See 
DOTJBT. 

blench",  1  blench;  2  blench,  vt.   1.  To  shrink  back;  flinch; 

quail.     2t- To  turn  aside.      [<  AS.  blencan,  deceive.] 
blench1,  r.     .Same  as  BLANCH. 

blencht,  n.    1.  A  side  glance.    2.  A  trick     3.  A  deviation. 
blend,  1  blend;  2  blCnd,  r(.  &  vi.    [blend'ed;  blend'ed* 

or  blkmt;  hlknd'ing.]    To  mix;  mingle;  combine  inu. 

one  product.    [<  AS.  blandan.  mix  ]    Syn.:  see  mix;  i  mik 
blend,  n.     The  ad  or  result  of  mixing;  a  mixture. 
blend  (•■■,  1  blend;  2  blend,  n.    Mineral.    Zinc  sulfld.    [G.,  < 

blind,  blind.]    sphal'er-lte;.— blend'ous,  blend'),  a. 
Bleu 'helm,  1  blen'huim;  2  blen'hlm.  n.     Village  In  Uavarla; 

Marlborough  defeated  French  and  Bavarians.  Aug.  13.  1704. 
Iilen'nj.   l    blen'i;   2   blcn'y.  n.    [BUCN'MIBflS,  pi.)    A  small 

marine  flsh.     [  <   L.  blennius,   <   Cir.  blennos,  orig.  slime. 1 
blent,  1  blent;  2  blent,  imp.  &  pp.  of  BLEND,  r 
lilr-*.  1  blee;  2  bl6s,  tt.     [blessed*  or  blest;  bless'tng  ] 

1.  To  bring  happiness  or  good  fortune  to;  prosper.     2. 
To  invoke  God's  favor  upon  (a  person  or  thing).    3.  To 

■  .rate.     4.  To  honor  arid  exalt;  praise;  glorify.     5. 

To  account  (oneself)   happy,  felicitate.     6.  To  keep; 

guard;  protect:  exclamatory;   as,  bless  me!     [<   AS. 

blldslan.  bloed  inn.  bless. 1    Syn.:  see  praise. 
bless 'ed,  I  1   bles'ed  or  blest;  2  blfs'Cd  or  blfst,  a.     1. 
blest,         (Being    in    enjoyment    of    felicity    in    heaven; 
■;.  Worthy  01  veneration  or  of  blessing.     3. 

Joyful;  healing.    4.  Happy;  favored 
Syn.:   see   bapft;    holy.-    bless'ed-ly,   mi\.  -  bless'ed- 

iie".  n       ^lllgle  blessedness,  the  unmarried  state 
blett'lng,  1  blee'in;  2  bleVing,  n.     1.  That  which  makes 

happy  01  prosperous;  a  gift  of  divine  favor.    2.  A  bene- 

dictaon.     3.  Grateful  adoration;  worship.     4.  Cursing 

or  scolding:  a  euphemism.    Syn.:  see  favor;  mercy. 
Met,  1  M.  >    2bl&t    I.  rl.    [iii.et't>.i>.|;  bi.k'i'tim;.)    To  decay 

Internally,  as  a  fleshy  fruit  after  ripening      II.  n.     Incipient 

■  rripe  fruit.    [  <  F.  bleltlr,\<  OF.  Viet,  overripe.] 

bleth'er,  1  hletJi'j.r;  2  bleth'er.  n.    (Scot.)    Same  as  blather. 

bleth'er-lngt.-    bleth'er,   rf.  — bletb'er-lng,   pa.     Nois- 
ily or  foolishly  talkative. 
blew,  1  bid;  2  blu.  imp.  of  blow,  p. 
blight',  1  bluit;  2  bllt,  v.    I.  t.    To  cause  to  decay;  blast. 

II.  i     To  be  affected  with  blight. 
blight,  a.     1.  A  diseased  state  of  plants,  as  mildew,  rust, 
-t'-      2.  Anything  that  withers  hopes  or  prospects. 

3.  A  minute  insect,  usuallv  an  aphis,  injurious  to  trees. 
Bllgh't>,  lblal'ti:  2bll'ty.n.    [Soldiers' slang.]    I.England. 

2.  A  wound  [Corrup.  of  WUayat  (Bilavatl)  Europe.) 


1:»=  final;    l  =  hablt^   aisle;    cm  =  out;    ell;    IQ  =  fe«d;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sirea;    fhin,  this. 
99  2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   r||le,    cure,   but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   tbin,    this. 


blarney 
bloody 


blimp,  1  blimp;  2  blimp,  n.     IColloq.]     A  non-rigid,  lighter 

than  air,  dirigible  balloon. 
blind'1,  1  blaind;  2  blind,  vt.     1.  To  make  blind.     3.  To 

shut  off  from  view;  screen;  hide;  eclipse. 
blind,  a.  1.  Without  the  power  of  seeing;  also,  lacking  in 
perception  or  judgment.  2.  Acting  or  proceeding  at 
random.  3.  Difficult  to  trace  or  understand;  illegible; 
unintelligible.  4.  Having  no  opening  or  outlet.  5. 
Dark;  hidden;  obscure.  [<  AS.  blind.}— blind  side, 
the  weakest  or  most  vulnerable  side.  —  blind  'ly,  adv.  With- 
out sight  or  without  foresight;  recklessly. — blind 'man,  re. 
The  blindfolded  player  (of  either  sex)  in  blindman's  buff. 
— blindman's  buff,  a  game  in  which  one  who  is  blind- 
folded must  catch  and  identify  some  one. — blind 'ness,  re. 
— blind 'worm",  re.  A  small,  limbless,  snake-like  lizard. 
blind,  n.  1.  Something  that  obstructs  vision  or  shuts  off 
light;  a  screen  or  shutter.  2.  A  subterfuge;  ruse.  3. 
One  who  is,  or  those  who  are,  blind.     Syn.:  see  artifice. 

— blind  'er,  n.    One  who  or  that  which  blinds;  a  flap  on 
the  side  of  a  horse's  head-stall,    blind};  blink'erj. 
blind  'fold".    Id.  vt.    To  cover  or  bandage  the  eyes;  hood- 
wink; mislead.     II.  a.     1.  Having  the  eyes  bandaged. 
2.  Having  the  mental  vision  darkened;  needless;  rash. 
blind  Told-edt. 
blink',  1  blink;  2  blink,  v.     I.  t.     To  look  at  with  half- 
closed  eyes;  miss  or  evade  seeing;  pass  by.    II.  i.    1.  To 
wink  repeatedly  and  rapidly;  get  a  hasty  glimpse.     2. 
To  twinkle;  glimmer.     [ME.  blenken,  shine.] 
blink,  n.    1.  A  glance  or  glimpse.    2.  A  shimmer  or  glim- 
mer.—  blink'er,  re.     I.  A  horse's  blinder.    2.  One  who  or 
that  which  blinks,    blink 'ardf  [Archaic]. 
bliss,  1  blis;  2  blis,  re.    1.  Superlative  happiness;  heavenly 
joy.    2.  A  cause  of  delight.    [  <  AS.  blis,  <  blith,  sweet.] 
Syn.:  see  happiness;  rapture.  —  bliss 'ful,  a.    Supremely 
happy. — bliss'ful-ly,  adv.  —  bliss 'ful-ness,  n. 
blis'ter,  1  blis'tar;  2  blis'ter,  v.    I.  t.    To  produce  a  blis- 
ter or  blisters  upon;  hurt  as  by  a  blister;  gall.    II.  i.    To 
have  a  blister  or  blisters  form  or  rise. 
blis'ter,  re.    1.  A  thin  vesicle,  especially  one  on  the  skin, 
containing  watery  matter,  as  from  a  scald,  bruise,  etc.; 
also,  a  similar  vesicle  on  a  plant,  on  steel,  on  a  painted 
surface.     2.  Any  substance  used  for  blistering.     [ME  ] 
blithe,  1  blaith  or  blaith;  2  blith  or  blith,  a.    Character- 
ized by  gladness  or  mirth;  joyous;  gay;  merry;  sprightly. 
[<   AS.  blith,  blithe,  sweet,  happy.]     Syn.:  see  cheerful; 
happy;  merry.— blitbe'ly,  adv.  —  blltne'some,  a.    Show- 
ing or  imparting  gladness;  cheerful;  merry.    Syn.:  see  happy. 
Bll'tey,  BH'ty,  n.     Same  as  Blighty. 

bliz'zard,  1  bliz'srd;  2  bliz'ard,  n.  1.  A  high  cold  wind 
accompanied  by  blinding  snow.  2.  A  rattling  volley;  a 
knock-down  blow;  sudden  disaster.  [<  AS.  *blsesan, 
blow.]  [as  with  conceit. 

bloat11, 1  bl5t;  2  bl5t,  vt.  &  vi.  To  puff  up  or  swell;  inflate, 
bloat2'1,  vt.  To  cure  by  half-drying  in  smoke,  as  herring. 
bloat1,  a.  Bloated;  puffed;  swollen.  [Cp.  Ice.  blautr, 
soft,  effeminate.  Its  modern  meaning  is  due  to  confu- 
sion with  blowed  (inflated).] 
bloat2,  a.    Smoke-cured;  as,  a  bloat  herring.     [ME.  blote, 

perhaps  <  Ice.  blautr,  soaked.] 
bloat,  n.    One  who  is  bloated;  a  drunkard.  [ring. 

bloat'er,  1  blot'ar;  2  blot'er,  n.    A  selected  smoked  her- 
blob,  1  bleb;  2  bl6b,  n.     A  soft,  globular  mass;  a  drop,  as  of 

viscous  liquid;  a  blotch  or  daub.    [Prob.  imitative.] 
block1,   1  blok;   2   blok,  vt.     To  shape   by  molding   or 
stretching  on  a  block;  form  into  blocks;  stamp  with  a 
block;  place  upon  a  block.     [<  block',  n.] 
block21,  vt.    To  stop  with  or  as  with  a  block;  impede;  ob- 
struct: often  with  up.     [<  F.  bloquer,  block  up;  of  G. 
origin.]    Syn.:  see  hinder. 
block1,  n.     1.  A  solid  piece  of  wood,  metal,  or  other  ma- 
terial.    Especially:  (1)  A  wooden  log  or  the  like  upon 
which     chopping     is     done. 
(2)    A    temporary    support; 
shore.       (3)   The    stand    on 
which    slaves  were    sold    at 
auction.       (4)    The    wooden 
billet   on   which   condemned 
persons  are  beheaded.    (5)  A 
forming-piece  on  which    the 
final  shape  is  given  to  a  hat" 
body,  or  one  on  which  a  hat 
is  placed  to  be  ironed.     (6) 
A  wooden  support  for  a  wig; 
barbers'  block.     2.  A  section 
or  division;  a  mass  or  row, 
as  of  houses.     3.  A .  Bheave  ■n'u'iab«bioaicl 
or    pulley,    or    set    of     pul- 
leys, in  a  frame  or  shell.     [ME.  blok,  orig.  doubtful.]  — 
block  tin,  tin  cast  In  Ingots;  also,  pure  tin  as  distinguished 


Blocks. 

1.  Tackle-Mock.  2.  Dock-Mook,  with 
attaching  to  floor.     8,  Link 


Common 
Bloodroot. 


from   tin-plate.— block'he(a)d"s,    n.    A  stupid  person.— 
block 'house",  n.     A  fort  of  logs  and  heavy  timbers,  with 
loopholes  for  musketry. — block 'ish,  a.    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 
block2,  n.    That  which  hinders  or  obstructs,  or  the  condi- 
tion of  being  obstructed;  an  obstruction, 
block-ade',  1  blek-ed';  2  blok-ad'.    1.  vt.    [-ad'ed3;  -ad'- 
ing.]    To  close  to  traffic  or  communication  by  military 
or  naval  force;  obstruct;  block  up.    II.  n.    The  invest- 
ing and  closing  of  a  town,  a  seaport,  a  frontier,  etc.,  by 
hostile  forces.    [<  block,  v.]— block-ad  'er,  n.    One  who  or 
that  which  blockades;  a  ship  of  war  encased  in  blockading. 
Bloem'fon-tein",  1  blum'fon-ten";  2  blum'fon-ten",  re.    City 
(pop.  27,000),  capital  of  Orange  Free  State  province,  Union 
of  South  Africa. 
Blois,  1  blwa;  2  blwa,  n.      Ancient  manufacturing  city  (pop. 

24,000) ,  Loire=et=Cher  department,  France. 
blom'a-ry,  re.    See  bloomery. 

blond,  1  blend;  2  blond.    I.  a.    1.  Havinga  fair  skin  with 
light  eyes  and  hair.    2.  Flaxen  or  golden,  as  hair.    II.  n. 
A  blond  person:  feminine  blonde.    [F.,  <  LL.  blondus, 
yellow.] 
blood  i,  1  blud;  2  blod,  vt.    1.  To  draw  blood  from;  bleed.    2. 
To  train  (a  dog)  to  hunt  by  the  taste  of  blood,  or    (troops) 
to  fight  by  experience  of  battle. 
blood,  n.    1.  The  fluid  that  circulates  in  the  heart,  arter- 
ies, and  veins:  red  in  almost  all  vertebrates.    2.  Kinship 
by  descent;  lineage;  race;  especially,  noble  lineage.    3. 
Vitality;  temperament;  mood;  passion.    4.  Bloodshed; 
war;  murder.      5.  A  dashing  fellow;  gallant.     6.  One 
of  various  red  liquids,  as  the  sap  of  some  trees,  etc. 
7.  A  blood-horse.      [  <  AS.  blod,  <  V  of  blow,  bloom.] 
Syn.:  see  affinity;  kin. 

—blue  blood,  blood  of  a  supposed  finer  or  purer  kind; 
hence,  aristocratic  lineage,  character,  or  bearing. — blood '» 
bolt"ered,<z.  Daubed  or  clotted  with  blood.  Shakespeare 
Macbeth  act  iv,  sc.  1.— b. 'guilt,  re.  Thecrime  of  unrighteous 
bloodshed— b.=guiltine»s,  n. — b.sgullty,  a. — b.'heat,  n. 
The  normal  temperature  of 
the  human  body,  about 
98?°  Fahr. — li.  .horse,  re. 
A  horse  of  a  fine  breed,  es- 
pecially of  the  English-Arab 
cross,  blooded  horset. — 
b.shot,  a. — blood 'less,  a. 
1.  Having  no  blood:  with- 
out color;  pale;  lifeless;  cold- 
hearted.  2.  Without  blood- 
shed, -ly,  adv.  -ness,  re. — 
blood 'let",  vt.  &  vi.  [Rare.; 
To  let  blood;  bleed.  — 
blood  'ief'ter,  re. — blood  '- 
lot"  (lug.  re. — b.-iiuuu  > . 
n.  Money  paid  for  blood- 
shed.—  b.sred,  a.  Colored 
"with  or  like  blood.  Syn.:see 
BLOODY.  —  li. --relation,  re. 
A  person  of  the  same  stock 
or  parentage;  a  kinsman  by 
birth.  —  b.*relationsliip,  re. 
—  blood 'root",  n.  A  low 
perennial  North-American  herb  having  a  fleshy  rootstalk 
with  deep-red  sap.  —  blood 'shod",  re.  The  shedding  of 
blood;  slaughter;  carnage,  blood 'shod"dingl.  blood '- 
shed"der,  «.—  blood '=shot",  a.  Suffused  or  shot  with 
blood;  red  and  inflamed  or  Irritated:  said  of  the  eye. — 
blood'stone",  re.  A  green  jasper  containing  red  spots: 
often  cut  as  a  gem. — blood 'suck"cr,  n.  An  animal  that 
sucks  blood,  as  a  leech;  a  cruel  extortioner.  —  blood'- 
thlrsfy,  a.  Thirsting  for  blood;  murderous;  cruel. — 
blood  'tliirst"l-ly,  adv.  —  blood '1  hirst "i-ncss,  re.— b.»ves- 
sel,  re.  Any  tubular  canal  in  which  the  blood  circulates; 
either  an  artery  or  vein. 
blood'cd,  1  blud'ad;  2  blod'ed,  a.  1.  Having  blood  or  temper 
of  a  specified  character;  as.  cold«o(oo</c<z.  '£.  Having  pure 
blood  or  lineage;  thoroughbred. 

blood 'hound",  1  blud'haund";  2  bl6d'hound",  ».  A  keen* 

scented  hound  employed  in  tracing  fugitives.     See  dogs, 

fig.  18.     sleulli     h..ii  ml      . 
blood 'y,  1  blud'i;2  blod'y,  vt.    [blood'ied;  bi.ood'y-ing.] 

To   smear   or   color   with   blood. — blood 'i-ly,    adv. — 

blood 'l-ncss,  n. 
blood'y,  1  l)lnd'i;2  blod'y,  a.     [hlood'i-kh;  BLOOd'i-BST.] 

1.  Covered  or  stained  with   blood,     blood 'ied{.     2. 

Consisting  of ,  containing,  or  mixed  with  blood.    3.  Char- 

acterizcd  by  or  delighting  in  bloodshed;  sanguinary; 

bloodthirsty.    4.  Red  like  blood;  suggesting  blood.    [< 

AS.  blod,  blood.) 

Syn.:  blood-dyed,  blood-red,  blood-stained,  crimson,  dyed 

with  blood,  gory,  reeking,  sanguinarj       Bloody  Is  now  more 

commonly  used  in  the  literal,  sanguinarn  In  the  tlguratlvo 

sense.    We  say  a  santiuinaru  or  bloody  battle,  u  sani/vinary 

temper,  a  bloody  weapon,  a  bloody  field.    Crimson  refers  to 


M....M1 

I... I. 


%     Art;   fiwt     ►•                      I            I         "           |>     unt.ftr:  full,  rule :   but,  I'Orn; 
,  ii  i  ..      firn;  bit,  no;  I  i  • won. 


UNI 


bl 


bag* 
hliMUii  . 


•  ii    ilu\. 

i.    hand 

blood  )    nilml  "itl. 

I.I      ''.•:'    a  i 

I. 
1. 1. ..mi  1 11  k  .  l 'omlnij  Into  flower; 

.  bl i  - 

i.l i  Ing-n 

I  of  lxinb 

wdi  rj  waxy 

the  plum  or  grape,  and  on 

i    raool- 

;  \         . ■•■  :    appearance  on  a  var- 

i  «    appcaranc i   tanned 

in-dri<xi  r:ii.~ni.      1)1 II ' 

rjl'-in    .  -I  ) 

lil ii  .  ble  iron  from  which 

ten  off.— btoom'er-7,  i      [-nm". 

\n  apparatus  <t  eitabllahmenl  lor  making  mal- 

fr.im  the  Ora;  also,  a  puddllng-furmti-e. 

hi. .in  j-r;  :  |  l. loom  .i-r>  :. 

hi. ...m  >r.  1  Mflm'M  I  -t  nine  of  loose 

trousers  m.  posed  for  women 

•  New   ^.tK  m  lsri    is.",i):  also,  a 

woman  wearing   It*  cent.]    Loose, 

wide  anlekcr'  Blow   tin-  kn.  • 

I  rsklrt. 

M ii  >.    1    1'iarn'i;    2   Mflom'y.   a.    1. 

Abounding     In     blooms;     Bowery.      2. 
•h  bloom,  as  a  fruit. 

hi .  I.  rf.  & 

1.  To  put  fort  has  blossoms.    2.  To 
put  !  thrive 

111.  -  collec- 

.'.    . 
of  flowering;  bloom. 
bUstma.    blossom.)      Sjtij     see 

Mo-  i-l'  ■-. 

hi..-  team- 
Mai,  :  blot;  2  bl6t,  r.     [blot'- 
hi.'.t'tin..  )      I.   (       1. 
vrth  ink;  stain.    2. 
:i.     1 

R  riling: 
g    with   out       4.    J 
with   blottihg-paj"  r.        5.    To 
obecur  6.      To 

pair.-  II.        To  make  :i  blol  or  blots; 

beeo:  blotter,  n.    1.  A  sheet,  pad,  or  book  ol 

blotllng-pa;  -'■  Wjook,  ;ii  In 

Hat!  ■■'  blots  or  deflli-s      lilot'tlng'pa"- 

for  absorbing  ai  '  oi. 

tilnt  .  ■  k  ;  reproach;  blemi  >h;  an 

ansa  Ham.]   Si-n.:  -  -t  im. 

■  tcksammon.  an  exposed  man  liable  to  tx  tor- 
;  point  ;  u  weak  spot.    [<  IJan.  blot,  bare, 
nak- 
Moteb,  1".  rf.    Tomarkorcf.virwith 

1,1,,,  |,   .  II.  1.    \  spot  OX  bid      2.  An  in- 

flan,.  -kin.  |  <  blot,  n .]—  blotch')',  a 

Blount.  int.  Charles '1563-1605" 

re.    An  English  statesman:  suppressed  Irish  rebellion, 

IMt 

blotw.  .  P.)  blur;  2  blou«  or  (F.)  bin;,  n.     1.  A 

-:,  worn  as  an  outer  garment  by 

hence,  a  French  workingman. 

2  r  either  sex    [I",  perhaps  < 

.'ji.  upper  garment. 1 

blow-,  1  bio:  2  bio,  r.    [blew,  blown;  blow'ing  ]    I.  f.    1. 

To  o  r  overthrow  by  a  current  of 

air.    Z.  To  form  by  inflating  a  material,  as  glass.    3.  To 

force  air  into  or  through  'a  wind  instrument);  cause  to 

♦.  A  breath.    5.  ■-  in,  as 

flies  in  meat     >•  To  spread  abroad  1  II.  i.    1. 

-r.it  a  current  of  air  or  a  jet  of  nn.     2. 

in  a  current,  as  the  wind;  be  carried  by  the 

;.   To  sound  by  being  blown.     4.  To  pant;  be 

»   -  d<Mn.) 

—  to  blow  hot  and  cold,  to  vacillate.  — to  b.  up.    1.  To 


Bloomers,  as  worn  In 
athletics. 


Ion     S. 
Hull.  .  upbraid      Mow '•Clin",  h      Mi 

through  which  n  m  blown  bj  the 

breath      b    bole,        i 

blown,  :-i      l. 
Winded  trom  overexertion     '1  .  Inflated,  ai  »itti  pride 
atoM  > .        W  ind) 

eloe  .       I 
ea  fjowi        II,        i       una  Into  bloom;  blossom;  Dower, 
I  -     \s  bto   an  i    bio  wet. 

iilov>  .  I.  A  an  Iden  ..i  violent  stroke;  thump;  thwack. 
'.'.  \    uddon  misfortune, 

bos,  buffet,  oalamlty,  eonousslon,  ouff,  out,  dl 
lilt,   knock,,   laah,   mlafoi  u 

thump      I  ■  Hidden  Impact,  at  of  a  Dal  or  a  Blub;  ■ 

in.n  omen) ;  t  of  a  iwoi  >i   of 

an  oar,  ot  tbe  arm  In  swimming      \  idden  en- 

counter w  it  ii  some  I 

meet  with  •  thn  *.  tin-  ih  tea  with 

tiir  open  band,  •  lath  with  ■  whip,  thong,  a 
■peal  '  of  a  u  hip 

with  the  hand;  :i  Men  either  « itii  hand  or  weai 
a  somewhat  sidelong  Mow,  generally  with  the  op<  n  hai 

■  or  boa  on  the  ear      t  oi  mai  It  ol  ■ 

itroke.    in  the  metaphorical  sense,  Won  Is  used  for  sudden, 
stunning,  staggering  calamity  or  s..rr..u  weeping 

dAsasti  r,  and  also  for  sweeping  achievement  and    ■-  ce       W  e 
ol  paralysis,  oi  gi  olus     \\  e  speak  of 

-  adverse  fortune.    Shod  w  used  of  t  bat  w  bioh  is 
:u  onoe  sudden,  violent,  and  prostrating;  we  speak  ol  i 
of electrlclt]  inamputatloi  ;   urprlie. 

( lompare  bbat;  utsroBi  i  m. 

Hon  .  ■■  1.  The  aci  of  blowing;  :i  blast;  t-.-ile.  2.  The 
ovipoaition  of  a  fly;  s,  flyblow,  blow  '  il>".  •  \  flesh' 
By,  ,,    in  general. 

blow3,  r».    The  >t;it,-  of  floworing;  a  mat  -  "t  blossoms;  blos- 

blow'or,  1  blo'er;  2  blo'er,  "  One  who  or  thai  which 
blow  -;  :i  device  i"r  increasing  a  draft. 

blow'plpc",  1  blfl'poip*;  2  blS'pfp",  r».  A  tube  by  which 
air  or  k':i-<  ifl  blown  tlin.iiuli  :i  Maine  for  the  purpose  "I 

beating  or  melting  something, 
blowz'y,  1  blaus'i;  2  blowa'y,  <i     1.  Having  :i  red  ..r 

flushed    fao       '.'•    Slatternly    or    unkempt;    Blovenly. 

blous'yf.  blows'yi;  blow  zed  J.  -blow  zc  ,  n.    A  fat, 

redVfaced  woman,    blowset. 
blub'ber,  1  blub'er;  2  bl&b'er,  d.    I.  t.    1.  To  mar  or  di>- 

figure,  as  with  weeping.    2.  To  utter  sobbingly.    II.  i. 

To  weep  and  sob  noisily. 

blub'ber,  n.     1.  The  layer  of  fat  beneath  the  .skin,  as  of  a 

whale.    2.  The  art  ,,i  blubbering. 

DlU'cber,  1  blQ'cher  or  -k.'.r;  2  blii'eher  or  -eer,  n.      1.    \ 

haJf'boot,  or  high  shoe.    2.  A  shoe  in  which  there  is  no 

front  .seam,  the  upper  meeting  above  in  two  projecting 

flaps.    [  <  Field»marshal  von  BUlcher.] 
It  I  ii  'iber.  l  blu'Har,  blO'cber  or  blQ'ker;  2  blfi'Her,  blu'eher  or 

l.lu'L.r.  Gebhard   I...  Kiirst  \on  (1742-181'J;.     Prussian 

Deld^marahal  at  Waterloo, 
bludg/coii,  1  bluj'en;2  blttdg/on,  n.    A  ahoii  club,  u  ad 

:  |  >.  .11       |(  '|>     I  >    '''"'    '  ".  bruise  ] 
blue,  1  blu;  2  blu.     l.i/      liuiii.,  iii  i  'r...  ]     To  make  or 

cause  to  become  blue;  treal  with  bluing.    II.  a.    [blt/- 
I    I.  Having  thi   color  ol  the  clear  sky.    2. 
melancholy;  despondent.    3.  Ed 
Punt  4.   Faithful;  genuine;  sterling.     5. 

Livid  '•  ''"Id,  or  fear.      (i.    I  levotod   to 

literature;  pedantic;  said  of  women.     III.  n.     1.  The 

,,i  the  clear  skv;  azure;  also,  a  dye  or  pigment  oi 

this  color     2.  A  bluestocking.    8.  One  who  wears  blue 

ia.    4.///.   [Colloq.]    Low  spirits;  mel- 

oly;   with  the  definite  article.     [<  01-.  bleu,  < 

oik.  biao,  blue.]    blewt. 

—  blue 'bell",  n.  Any  one  of  various  plants  that  bear 
blue  beltahaped  flowers  — bluc'ber"ry,  n.  [-aixas.pl.]  A 
many-seeded,  edible,  blulah-black  American  berry,  or  the 
shrub  that  bears  It.  —  blue'blrd",  n.  A  small  American 
bird,  of  a  prevailing  blue  above.— b.  book.  I.  li:n«.]  a 
volume  or  pamphlet  contalnlnc  reports  of  government  offi- 
cials. Issued  In  blue  paper  rsova  '■■  '  3.1  Popularly,  a 
t  of  names  of  persons  employed  by  the  government. — 
blae'boftle,  n.  L  a  dark>blue  flesh-iiy.  2.  a  dower, 
wild  or  cultivated,  with  tubular  florets,  blue,  violet,  etc., 
each  born,  on  a  tall,  slender  stalk;  the  corn-flower  or  bach- 
elor's-button.—b.  devils,  great  depression  of  spirits:  de- 
dency;  morbid  melancholy;  hypochondria— blue'- 
tlsli",  n.  A  voracious  food-llsh.  common  along  the  Atlantic 
coast  of  the  i  oited  Btatei  b. 'grass,  n.  one  or  various 
grasses,  especially  the  Kentucky  blue-grass,  with  many  run- 
niiik'  rootstocks. — b.^gum1,  n.  A  blue  line  along  t lie  edge  of 
thee  if lead-potsonmg.— b.'grum1, n.    A 

large  Australian  gum-tree  with  aromatic  bitter  astringent 
leaves.  —  blue'Jack"et,  n.    In  the  navy,  a  sailor,  as  dlstln- 


101 


l:a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  owt;    ell;    Hi- feud;    rfhin;    go;    r)  =  sireo;   thin,   this. 
2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


bloom 
bob 


guished  from  a  marine.— b. slaws,  n.  pi.  A  fictitious  code  of 
severe  laws  regulating  personal  conduct  and  Sabbath  ob- 
servance, alleged  to  have  formed  part  of  early  New  England 
legislation. — b.  light.  1.  A  pyrotechnic  preparation  that 
burns  with  a  brilliant  blue  flame.  2.  A  signal=light. — blue'- 
ly,  adv. — b.  mass,  a  medicine  prepared  by  rubbing  mercury 
with  glycerin,  honey,  confection  of  rose,  etc.,  until  it  forms 
amass. — blue'ness,  re. — blue'nose",  re.  [Colloq.]  A  Nova' 
Scotian.— b.  peter  (Naut.),  a  blue  flag  with  white  square, 
used  as  a  signal  that  a  vessel  is  ready  to  sail. — b.  pill,  a  pill 
made  from  blue  mass. — blue'stock"lng,  n.  A  learned  or 
literary  woman.— blu'lng,  re.  The  giving  of  a  blue  tint  to; 
also,  the  tint  so  given,  or  the  material  used,  as  indigo,  blue'- 
ingj.— blu'lsh,  a. 

Blue'beard",  1  blu'bird";  2  blu'berd",  re.  1.  In  Charles  Per- 
rault's  story  of  that  name,  a  merciless  tyrant,  who  killed  his 
wives.    2.  [b-]  Hence,  a  murderous  polygamist;  wife=slayer. 

Blue 'fields,  1  blu'flldz;  2  blu'felds.,  n.  A  seaport  town  in 
eastern  Nicaragua;  pop.  5,000. 

Blue  Ridge.  The  S.  E.  portion  of  the  Alleghenies,  in  Virginia 
and  North  Carolina. 

blu'et,  1  blu'et;  2  blu'fit.  re.  One  of  various  blue»flowerlng 
plants:  (1)  [U.  S.]  A  delicate  meadow  flower  of  the  madder 
family.  (2)  [Eng.]  A  garden  flower  of  the  aster  family. 
blue'bof'tlet. 

bluff',  )  1  bluf;  2  bluf,  vt.  &  vi.    To  overawe  by  bold  as- 

blufp,  )  sumption;  boast  in  order  to  mislead. 

bluff,  a.  1.  Blunt,  frank,  and  hearty;  rude  or  abrupt,  but 
kindly.    2.  Rising  steep  and  bold,  as  a  cliff. 

Syn.:  abrupt,  blunt,  blustering,  bold,  brusk  (brusque), 
coarse,  discourteous,  frank,  impolite,  inconsiderate,  open, 
plain-spoken,  rough,  rude,  uncivil,  unmannerly.  Bluff  is  a 
word  of  good  meaning,  as  axe  frank  and  open.  The  bluff  man 
talks  and  laughs  loudly  and  freely,  says  and  does  whatever 
he  pleases  with  fearless  good  nature,  and  with  no  thought 
of  annoying  or  giving  pain  to  others.  The  blunt  man  often 
says  things  which  he  is  perfectly  aware  are  disagreeable, 
either  from  a  defiant  indifference  to  other's  feelings,  or  from 
the  pleasure  of  tormenting;  blunt,  in  this  use,  is  allied  in 
meaning  with  impolite,  inconsiderate,  rough,  rude,  uncivil,  and 
■unmannerly.  Compare  blunt;  candid. — Ant.:  bland,  cour- 
teous, genial,  polished,  polite,  refined,  reserved,  urbane. 
— bluff'ly,  adv.— bluff'ness,  n. 

bluff1,  n.  Bold  speech  or  manner  intended  to  overawe  or 
deceive. — bluffer,  re. 

bluff2,  n.    A  bold,  steep  headland. 

blun'der,  1  blun'dar;  2  blun'der,  d.  I.  t.  1.  To  perform 
badly;  bungle.  2.  To  confuse  (two  things) ;  jumble.  II. 
i.  1.  To  err  egregiously.  2.  To  proceed  stupidly;  stum- 
ble. [<  Ice.  blunda,  doze,  slumber.]— blun'der-er,  re. 
blun  'der-be(a)  d"J. 

blun'der,  n.    A  stupid  mistake.    Syn.:  see  error. 

blun'der-buss,  1  blun'dar-bus;  2  blun'der-bus,  re.  1.  A 
short  gun  with  large 
bore  and  flaring 
mouth.  2.  A  noisy 
blusterer.  [  <  D.  dan- 
der, thunder,  +  6ms, 
box] 

blunge,  1  blunj;  2  biting,  vt.  [blunged;  blung'ino.]  Ceram. 
To  mix  (clay)  with  water  by  means  of  a  blunger  or  in  a  pug» 
mill.  [Cp.  plunge.]— blung'er,  re.  Ceram.  A  wooden  im- 
plement shaped  like  a  spatula,  but  much  larger,  used  in  mix- 
ing clay  with  water. 

blunt,  1  blunt;  2  blunt.  Id.  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  or  become 
blunt;  dull  the  edge  or  point  of;  lose  sharpness.     II.  a. 

I.  Having  a  thick  end  or  edge;  not  sharp  or  piercing.  2. 
Abrupt  in  manner;  plain«spoken;  brusk.  3.  Slow  of  wit; 
dull.    [ME.  blunt,  Mont.] 

Syn.:  dull,  edgeless,   obtuse,   pointless,  round,  smooth, 
thick.    See  bluff. — Ant.:  acute,  keen,  pointed,  sharp. 

—  blunt'ly ,  adv. — blunt'ness,  n. 
blur,  1  blur;  2  blur,    l.vt.&vi.    (blurred,  blurd8;  blur'- 
rinc.)    To  make  or  become  obscure  or  indistinct;  also, 
to  dull,  soil,  or  blemish;  become  indistinct  or  smeared. 

II.  re.    A  smeared  or  indistinct  marking;  a  blemish. 
Syn.:  see  blemish. 

blurt'1,  1  blurt;  2  blurt,  v.    1. 1.    To  utter  abruptly;  burst 

out  with.    II.  i.    To  puff  out  the  breatli  suddenly,  as  in 

contempt.    [Akin  to  blare,  u.]    Syn.:  see  babble. 
blush1,  1  blusTi;  2  blush,  v.    I.  (.     1.  To  make  red;  redden; 

suffuse.     2§.  To  express  or  exhibit  by  blushing.     II.  i. 

To  become  red;  flush;  redden.    [  <  AS.  bbjsan,  blush,  < 

blys,  blaze.] 
blush,  re.    1.  A  reddening,  as  of  the  face,  from  modesty, 

shame,  or  confusion;  a  red  or  rosy  tint;  flush.     2.  A 

glance;  glimpse;  view:  obsolete  except  in  the  phrase  at 

or  on  first  blush. 
blus'ter,  1  blus'tar;  2  blus'ter.    I.  vi.    To  blow  in  gusts; 

fume  with  anger;  utter  v:iin  menaces;  swagger.     II.  re. 

1.  Boisterous  talk  or  swagger.     2.  A  fitful  and  noisy 


Blunderbuss. 


blowing  of  the  wind;  blast.  Syn.:  see  tumuli. — blus'ter- 
er,  n.  —  blus 'ter-lng,  pa.  1.  Windy;  disagreeable.  2. 
Noisy;  swaggering.  Syn.:  see  bluff;  noisy. — blus'ter-Ing- 
ly,  adv. — blus'ter-ous,  a.  Stormy;  rough;  violent;  given 
to  bluster,    blus'ter-yj;  blus'trousi. 

blythe,  a.    Same  as  blithe. 

b.  m.,  abbr.  Board  measure. — B.  Mus.,  abbr.  Bachelor  of 
Music. — bn.,  abbr.  Battalion. — b.  o.,  abbr.  Branch  office, 
buyer's  option. 

bo'a,  1  bo'a;  2  bo'a,  n.  1.  A  large  non»poisonous  serpent 
that  crushes  its  prey  in  its  folds.  bo'ascon-stric'torj. 
2.  A  long  fur  or  feather  neck«wrap  for  women.     [L.] 

Bo"a-dl-ce'a,  1  bo'a-di-si'a;  2  b5'a-di-ce'a,  n.  British  queen, 
defeated  by  Romans  and  as  a  result  poisoned  herself  in  the 
year  62. 

Bo"a-ner'ges,  1  bo'a-nur'jiz;  2  b5*a-ner'ge§,  n.  1.  pi.  Lit- 
erally, sons  of  thunder:  name  given  by  Christ  to  the  two  sons 
ofZebedee.  Mark  Hi,  17.  2.  Hence,  in  the  singular,  a  vehe- 
ment preacher. 

boar,  1  bor;  2  bor,  n.  1.  A  male  hog.  2.  The  native  hog 
of  the  Old  World,  wild  boarj.  3.  A  medieval  military 
engine.    [  <  AS.  bar,  boar.] — boar'ish,  a. 

board1, 1  bord ;  2  bord,  v.  1. 1.  1 .  To  enclose  with  boards. 
2.  To  furnish  with  meals  for  pay.  3.  To  put  at  board. 
4.  To  come  alongside  or  go  on  board  of  (a  ship,  etc.).  5t* 
To  approach ;  accost.  II.  t.  1.  To  be  supplied  with  reg- 
ular meals  for  pay.    2.  Naut.  To  tack. 

board,  re.  1.  A  thin  and  broad  flat  piece  of  wood.  2.  A 
table,  spread  for  serving  food;  the  food  served;  meals 
regularly  furnished  for  pay.  3.  An  organized  official 
body.  4.  pi.  The  stage  of  a  theater.  5.  Pasteboard;  a 
pasteboard  book=cover.  6.  A  thin  slab  of  wood  or  the 
like  for  a  specific  purpose;  as,  a  chessboard.  7.  The 
deck  or  side  of  a  vessel,  as  in  the  phrase  ore  board.  [  < 
AS.  bord,  board,  side  of  a  ship,  table.]  —  board '=wa"ges,  re. 

1.  An  allowance  to  a  servant  in  lieu  of  board;  also,  board  and 
lodging  without  wages,  in  pay  for  service.  2.  Wages  barely 
sufficient  to  live  upon. — on  board,  on  or  in  a  vessel:  also 
[U.  S.],  on  or  in  a  conveyance;  as,  he  jumped  on  board  the 
train. — to  go  by  the  b.  1.  Naut.  To  go  over  the  ship's 
side:  said  of  a  mast  broken  oH  short.  2.  To  go  to  utter 
wreck  or  ruin. 

board 'er,  n.  1.  A  person  who  receives  regular  meals,  or 
meals  and  lodging,  for  pay.  2.  One  detailed  to  board  an 
enemy's  ship. 

board 'ing,  re.  1.  Boards  collectively;  a  structure  of 
boards.  2.  The  obtaining  of  food,  or  food  and  lodging, 
regularly  for-  pay.  3.  The  act  of  going  on  board  a  ship. 
— board 'lng»house",  re.  A  house  for  keeping  boarders. — 
b.  =school,  re.   A  school  where  pupils  are  boarded  and  lodged. 

boast1',  1  bost;  2  bost,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  speak  of  ostenta- 
tiously. 2.  To  possess  as  a  distinction.  II.  i.  To  vaunt 
or  pride  oneself;  exult;  glory.    Syn.:  see  flaunt. 

boast,  n.  1.  A  boastful  speech.  2.  A  source  of  pride. 
Syn.:  see  ostentation. — boast 'er,  re. — boast'ful,  a.  In- 
clined to  boast;  proud,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

boat,  1  bot;  2  bot.  Id.  vt.  &  vi.  To  carry  or  place  in  a 
boat;  go  in  a  boat;  row;  sail;  navigate.  II.  n.  1.  A 
water=craft;  especially,  a  small  vessel  for  oars  or  sails. 

2.  Any  article,  as  a  dish,  resembling  a  boat.  [  <  AS. 
bat.] — boat'=hook",  re.  A  pole  having  a  sharp  point  and  a 
hook:  used  in  holding  a  boat  to  or  pushing  it  off  from  some 
object,  etc. — boat'a-bKc1',  a.  Navigable  by  boats;  also, 
transportable  by  boat.  —  boat'age,  re.  1. 
Carriage  by  boat,  or  the  charge  for  such  car- 
riage. 2.  The  total  carrying  capacity  of  a 
ship's  boats.  —  boat'ing,  n.  The  use  of  or 
transportation  by  boats,  etc. 

boat'swain,  1  bo'sn  or  bot'swen;  2  bo'sn 

or  bot'swan,  w.     A  petty  officer  of  a  ship 

in  charge  of  rigging,  etc. 

—  boatswain's      chair,    a    short     board 

slung   by   a  rope,   used  as  a  seat  by  a  seaman 

working  aloft. 
Bo'az,  1  bo'az;  2  bo'az,  n.     A    Bethlchemitc, 

who  married  Huth.     Iiuth  III,  10. 
bob1,    1    bob;   2  bob,    vt.    &  vi.     [bobbed, 

bobd";  bob'uino.]     1.    To    move  with 

jerky  motion;  angle  with  a  bob.    2.  To 

cut  short,  as  a  horse's  mane  or  tail. 
bob2,  vt.       1.   To  strike    with    anything 

rounded   or  knobbed;  rap  or  tap.      2. 

To  nudge;  jog. 
bob't,  vt.     To  mock;  delude;  cheat. 
bob1,  1  bob;  2  bob,  n.    1.  A  cork  or  float 

on  a  fishing-line.     2.  A   .small   pendent 

object,    as    a    pendulum.        3.    A    jerky    movement, 

[Onomatopoetlc]    —    bob'<sled",    n.       Either    of     two 

short  sleds  or  pairs   of   runners   connected   tandem  by  a 

top  plank,  or  the  entire  vehicle  so  formed.  — bob'stay",  n. 


bob 
bon. I 


i 

bob  bin. 


,  ,  ,  ,  I  i  ,.       »•..  Or;  full.  r0>:   but.  bOrn; 

,  iii  »      P;  gA.  ndt.  Or,  wdn,  102 


:      *    prli    in 

lllll. 

bob  - 

li.il.      i.  r    mil     .  bob   - 

t  r  in.  I I. 

•i  ,\  i  ululllbus 

1  IO   hold 


tx.tr    wind 


-ii  •  i". 


Bobolink. 
ruah«likc  singing  bird,  the 
lumage  with  white  or  buff 
U   I     rlf«-'«T>lril":. 
North' 


Kim    In 


1 


1     bok-'i- 
Giovanni 


.   [ft. 


jam* 
Bob'whlte.     »/io 
■  f  P.  cabocht.  thlckh 
h.M  k  in..  Ing,  n.     A  coarse  woolen  drugget. 

gland.) 
ii...|.  .  sot/ed*;  uon'iNo  1    I.  t.    1.  To 

!'■  predict  or 
II.  ill     [  <  AS   bodian, 

S  □  bode'menl  ,  n. 


Ii.hI.  ■•. 
I 1 1  ■•  1  _•  ■ 
boil  n  i 
Ii.mIi-- 

Ixxl    hi 


1 


A  PP.  Of  BIDE. 


bo'dent. 


• .  m.    1.  The  close-fitting 

.'.  man's  ornamental 

\  corset  laced  in  front.     [<  body] 

[.a    Having  a  body:  usually  with 

an  5  und  word ;  as,  full 

Imi.i  i-|.  --.  Having  no  body; 

ureal. 

I.         Pertaining  to  the 
II.  adv.     1.  In  the  body;  in  person. 

3ICAL. 

Imm)  lag,  .  .  ing     I.  j"i     I .  ng  evil; 

II. 

1)11(1     kill.  1  .      ' 

draw  »,  I  instrument 

:i.  A  |iin  for  fastening 

i.  .   tent  for  picking  type  from 

I   -  tic.] 

Ku'l-li  i   in.  .  -  bodli-an;  2  bfid-lS'an  <ir  b8d'- 

':.••  library  of  the  [Jniver- 

i   in    1597   by   Sir 

Bod1ey°-sn 

I.  [BOr/lCD;  iiod'v-ini;  ]     1. 

■;.  I  i  pul  into  out- 
i  into  :i  body,  as 
II.  I.  Thi  entire  [.liysi- 

';.  The  trunk,  or 

■urii.-il  or  thing     :\.  A  person;  an  indi- 
I.  The  principal  pari  or  • 
.">.    i  .   of  :i  vehicli       '»•    Mi  ■  '     •  me 

■  t  from  all  other.    7.  Qeom.  A 
8.  .iit'j.  facta,  or  thi- 

a.  i  ty,  or  cons  -' 

10.  'I  b  .•  part  of  :i  garment  that  eov< 

ii.'  :    sed    to 

spirit.     [  <  AS.  Mia.] 

Syn_-  ashes,  carcaas,  da  nn,  frame,  re- 

mains, system,  trunk.     Body  denotes  the  entire  pi 
structure,  considered  as  a  whole,  of  man  or  animal;  form 


»>..d>.  1 


l.~.ki  u|hiii  II   iui  n  llilni;  Of  Hlm|w  mill  outline,   I'i-i' 

ippon    !  ■■  i )  frame 

views  l<  as  an  assemblage  of  man)  related  and 

Hod y.  form,  from*,  and       ttm  ma)  bo 

.!.  .i.i  or  living;  day  and  duti  are  sometime     o  uai  ■!  In 

Hi. i  ordinarily  theai    wi 

nlj  ..t  i ii<-  dead     •  ■■■;■■■  and  r<  main    ar.-  used  only  of 

iii.-  plain  teehnloal  word  fur  h  dead  body 

miii  retaining  lu  unit) .  r«ma(M  ma)  be  used  after  an 

of  inn.-,  the  i:iii<-r  Is  also  the  more  reflnod  and  less  ghastly 

[■•nn  re  Invited  to  view  the  remains.    Carton 

applies  only  to  the  t>«<iv  of  an  animal,  or  "f  ■  human  being 

'.  .i  with  .  ..I iiiui pi  and  loathing     Compare  i  oupaht; 

•it. -ii.  ■  i.  Intelligence,  mind,  smii 
ii.i.i)  guard",  h      l  guard  of  the  pa  on,  as  of  a  king. 
I.    matcher,         \  .  ■     ■  .  obi  -  ■    n   urreotlonlst. 
It •!■-.■ ' ( i-;i .  i  -  i.  ii      \n  ancient  republic 

,,(  i     tircccc:  capital  Thebes      Boa-o'tlan,  a     Of  oi  pei 
talnlng  t"  Bagotla,  noted  for  the  rusticity  ol  11  i  people;  benoe, 
dull;  clownish     Boa-o'tlan.  »». 
IIiiit,  i  I'm.  g  bur,  n     A  Dutch  colonist,  or  person  ol 

1  hjtob  di  km  m  in  South   Vfrii  i      Hoort. 
Bo-e'tbJ-us,  1  bo-TChr-us;  8  bo-6'thl-us,  Anlrlus  (476?  63S). 
\  i;  in  and  philosopher. 

In >g.  I  II  I.  I  '   A  .        1 1 i  ii,  inn. ii-;  mi.. 'i; ino  ] 

ik    or    stick    in    a    DOS.       II.    '-        W  Bf    anil      | 

ground;  marsh;  morass.    |<  Ir  bogach,  <  '»»/,  soff  ] 
Ihik'k).  a     Bwampy;  miry,     bog '•oak",  n.    Wood  of  the 
trunks  of  o:ik.  sunk  and  preserved  In  the  peaubogs,     bog* 
on-,  ii      An  iron  ore  from  marshy  places,     bog •  wood,  n. 
\\  cod  of  trees  found  burled  in  peat»bogs.    bog<ilmber;. 

bo'gey1,  l  bfi'gi;  2  bO'ffy,  a.  Ootf.  An  estimated  standard 
bo'gte  :. 

bog'gle,  i  1  l...g'l;  8  l.og'l.  it.  A  n'.    I i'oled,  boq'ldp; 

hogT,    j  in .1. '.,i  im;.|     To    bungle;    hesitate;    quibble, 
bug'glcr,  n. 

bo'gte',  l  bO'gi;2bo'E1,n.    1.  A  sawmllKruok.   8.  A  railway* 
truck,  so  built  ami  mounted  a.s  to  facilitate  the  rounding  of 
bo'gle«tru«-k":. 

bo'gle,  l  bo'Ki;  2  i»vgi,  n.  a  hobgoblin  or  bogy;  bugbear, 
bog'glej.  [131,000]  ol  <  lolombla. 

Ho"go-ta',  i  oo*go-ta';  2  bO*go-t&',  n.    Capital  olty  (pop, 

bo'gng,  l  bO'gus;  L!  b&'gus,  a.    Counterfeit;  spurious. 

Im»'l:>,     i  i  bd'gi;  2  bO'gy,  n.    [Bo'oias*.  bo'qeys1,  pl.\ 

bo'nc)-,  t  A  eoblin;  bugbear.  bo'gie,J.— bo'gev-lgm,  n. 

Ituli.,   liolieiu.,  abbr.     Bohemia,   Kolieinlan. 

bo-hea',  1  bo-hl';  2  bo-hC,  n.  A  black  tea:  once  applied  to 
the  choicest  picking,  then  to  black  tea  In  general, now  to  tin' 
poorest  grade.  [<  the  ll'icf  (pronounced  bu-t>  IIULs,  In 
China.] 

Ito-hr'iiii-a.  l  bo-hl'mi-e;  2  bo-hCml-a,  n.    A  province  of 

Austrla-Huiik-ary    (20,060  Bq,  in.;    pop.   6,774,000);  capital, 

Prague.  Bo-he'ml-an.  I.  a,  I.  Of  or  pertaining  to  Bohe- 
mia, 'i-  l.raillnt;  the  life  of  a  Bohemian.  II.  n.  1.  An  In- 
habitant of  Bohemia.    'I.  A  glp.sy.      :\.  |li-  or  b-1     A  person, 

usually  of  artistic  or  literary  tastes,  who  lives  In  a  more  or 
onal  manner. —  Bo-lie'inl-an-lsm,   n. 
lto-lar'do,  1  bo-yiir'iio;  2  bo-yar'ilo,  Matteo  Maria,  Count 

of  Scandlano  (14847    1494),    An  Italian  poet. 
boil,  1  boil;  2  boil,  r.     I.  t.     1.  To  bring  to  the  boiling" 

point,     'i.  To  cook,  atT.-ct,  or  produce  by  boiling.     II.  i. 

1.  I'd  come  to  the  boiling*poinf ;  bubble  up;  In-  agitated. 

'i.  To  be  exposed  to  the  action  of  a  boiling  liquid.     [< 

L..07  bullio,  •    bulla,  bubble.]     boll'lng,  n.    l.Thestateot 

process  of  ebullition.     2.  A  thlni;  bolted  or  to  be  bolted 

boll'lng'polnf,  n.    The  temperature  at  which  a  ihniid 

beglne  to  boll:  of  water,  under  ordinary  conditions, 212°  Kahr. 
boil1,  n.   Ajiu-         a 

nil. -lit      and   e^mpgfc__ 

Iiainfiil      tu-    '' 

inor 

in    the   .-km. 

[<     A.S.    b\il, 

bub] 
IxmI  .      n.         1. 

The 

state  ol  boil- 
ing. 2.  An 
immersion  In 
boiling  water. 

Hoi  "  leau',  1 
bwo  "  10';  2 
bwa'16',  Nli-  Bolter, 

las,  ;'-",|lr  .„.,|„M|  ,|,|,  ,|r.  „f  |„.ri,.„,t.l  w.l.r^ulir  V.ller.  a,  ttt»m. 
OCS  J  eraux  ,|rw,„.  ^  tttttynin-.e,  ilMauaiilM;d,d,nU|MUl«B;«,  »»t«. 
i  1636     1711  i  bMder;  ».  or<«*>box;  h,  mm;  t,  UWe»;  j, 

A  1  rench  8a-  clemnlDK^I^.r;  A.  daop«r;  I.  rrmr  header;  m,  mud»druin:  n,  pipe 
tlrU-al    POO!  '      tr  -..!..  ;...   I  r:i,.^r.ll;;,,  flre«W;  ^gr»U.b»r>;   r, 

lx.il 'er,l  boil'- Ml"d""r'''*    • 

ar;  2  boil'er,  n.  A  vess<;l  in  which  a  liquid  is  boiled  or 
Bteam  generated—  boll'er-y,  n.  [-iebz,  pi]  A  house 
or  place  for  boiling. 


1: a  =  final;    I  =  habit;    aisle;    ail  =  out;    ell;     10  =  feud;    diin;    go;    rj  =  sing;    fhin,    this. 
103  2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   bum;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


bob 
bond 


Bol'.sc.  1  bei'zl;  2  boi'se,  n.  A  city  (pop.  17,000),  capital  of 
Idaho.  ...        „  rr     -i 

bois'ter-ous,  1  beis'tar-us;  2  bois'ter-us,  o.  Vociferous 
and  rude;  tempestuous.  Syn.:  see  noisy;  turbulent.— 
bois'ter-ous-lj,  adv.— bois'ter-ous-ness,  n. 

Bo-kha'ra,  1  bo-kfi'ra;  2  bo-ka'ra,  n.  A  state  (90.000  sq.  m.; 
pop.  1,250,000)  and  city  (pop.  75,000)  of  Turkestan;  under 
Russian  control. 

Bol.,  abbr.    Bolivia.— bol.,  abbr.    Bolus. 

bo'las,  1  bo'las;  2  bo'las,  n.  sing.  &  pi.  [Sp.]  A  missile 
weapon,  consisting  of  balls  fastened  to  cords  and  used  in 
hunting  cattle  and  large  game. 

boldt,  B.    To  make  or  become  bold,    boldet. 

bold,  1  bold;  2  bold,  a.  1.  Possessing,  showing,  or  requir- 
ing courage;  audacious;  fearless;  spirited.  2.  Presum- 
ing; forward;  brazen.  3.  Regardless  of  limitations; 
striking;  vigorous;  prominent.     [<  AS.  beald,  bald.] 

Syn.:  see  bluff;  brave;  immodest;  impudent. — hold's 
face",  n.  1.  An  impudent  person.  2.  Print.  Same  as 
full=face.— b.=faced,  a.— bold'ly,  adv.— bold'ness,  n. 

bole1,  1  bol;  2  bol,  n.  The  trunk  of  a  tree.  [  <  Ice.  boh, 
bidr,  lit.  a  round  body;  akin  to  ball.]  [bolos,  clod.] 

bole2,  7i.    A  fine,  compact,  soft  clay.    [  <  L.  bolus,  <  Gr. 

bole3,  n.    [Scot.)    An  opening  in  a  wall  for  light  and  air. 

bo-le'ro,  1  bo-le'ro;  2  bo-le'ro,  n.  1.  A  short  jacket  with  or 
without  sleeves,  worn  over  a  bodice  or  the  like.  2.  A  Span- 
ish dance,  expressing  love,  usually  accompanied  by  casta- 
nets and  singing;  also,  the  music  for  such  a  dance.    [Sp.] 

Bol'eyn,  1  bul'in;  2  bgl'yn,  Anne  (1507-1536).  Second  wife 
of  Henry  VIII.;  beheaded.    Bul'lent. 

bo'lint,  n.     Same  as  bowline. 

Bol'ing-broke,  1  bel'in-bruk;  2  bol'ing-brpk,  n.  1.  Viscount 
(1678-1751),  Henry  Saint  John,  English  prime  minister.  2. 
In  Shakespeare's  Richard  II.,  the  Duke  of  Hereford,  after- 
ward Henry  IV.  of  England.    See  England. 

Bol'1-var,  1  bel'i-var;  2  bol'i-var,  Simon  (1783-1830).  Ven- 
ezuelan patriot;  "liberator  of  South  America." 

Bo-llv'I-a,  1  bo-liv'i-a;  2  bo-liv'i-a,  n.  South«American  re- 
public (708, 195  sq.  m. ;  pop.  2,268,000) .—  Bo-llv'i-an,  a.  &  n. 

boll1,  1  bol;  2  bol.  I.  vi.  To  form  into  or  produce  pods. 
II.  n.  1.  A  round  pod  or  seed=capsule,  as  of  flax  or  cot- 
ton. 2.  A  knob.  [<  AS.  bolla,  bowl;  akin  to  ball.] — 
boll'=wee"vil,  n.  A  destructive  weevil  infesting  cotton« 
bolls. — b.sworm,  n.  The  larva  of  a  pale»brown  moth  that 
feeds  on  cotton»bolls  and  on  the  fruit  of  other  plants,  as 
maize,    cornswormf. 

boll',  n.  [Scot.  &  North.  Eng.]  An  old  dry  measure  varying 
in  capacity  from  2  to  6  bushels.    [<  Ice.  bolli.]    bole]:. 

boll'ent,  pa.    Swollen. 

bo'lo,  1  bo'lo;  2  bo'lo,  n.  [Philippines.]  A  cutlas=like  weapon 
used  by  the  natives. — bo'lo-man,  n.  A  native  armed  with 
a  bolo. 

Bo-lo'gna,  1  bo-lo'nya;  2  bo-lo'nya,  n.  A  province  (1,448 
sq.  m.;  pop.  578,000)  of  N.  Italy;  its  capital  city  (pop. 
173,000). 

Bol"she-vl'kl,  1  bel'sTu-vI'kl;  2  b61"she-vi'ki.  n.  pi.  [Rus.]. 
A  revolutionary  political  party  In  Russia  (1917-  ).  [< 
Rus.  bolshe  (adj.),  more  +  -Ik,  suffix  used  to  form  nouns.] 

bol'ster,  1  bol'ster;  2  bol'ster.  I.  vt.  1.  To  support  with 
a  bolster,  pillows,  or  the  like;  prop  up.  2.  To  aid;  abet. 
3.  To  furnish  with  padding.  4.  To  belabor  with  bol- 
sters. II.  n.  1.  A  long  underpillow  for  a  bed.  2.  Any- 
thing shaped  like  or  used  as  a  bolster.    [  <  AS.  bolster.] 

boltld,  1  bolt;  2  bolt,  v.  I.'t.  1.  To  fasten  with  or  as  with 
a  bolt  or  bolts.  2.  U.  S.  Polil.  To  refuse  to  support ; 
break  away  from ;  as,  to  bolt  a  candidate.  3.  To  swallow 
hurriedly.  4.  To  drive  out  suddenly  or  with  force; 
expel;  blurt  out.  II.  i.  1.  To  dash  off  unexpectedly; 
run  away,  as  a  horse.  2.  U.  S.  Polit.  To  repudiate  a 
party  measure  or  candidate. 

bolt?'1,  vt.  To  sift;  examine  as  by  sifting.  [  <  Gr.L+OFp//r, 
fire,  coarse  woolen  cloth.]  — bolt'lngshutch",  n.  A  bin  for 
bolted  flour. 

bolt1,  n.  1.  A  sliding  bar  or  piece  for  fastening  a  door, 
etc.     2.  A  pin 

or  rod  used  for  ||||||  |  K'j'ip'w  *  fflff  "^fi 
holding  any-  111 
thing  in  its 
place.  3.  An 
arrow;  a  long 
cylindrical  shot 
for  a  cannon, 
or  the  like; 
hence,  any- 
thing coming 
suddenly;     as, 


1.  Hexagoii.he&rl  bolt. 


llrwMiCul   lioll.      :'..    Iliillima 


4.  U.  S.  Polit 
A  refusal  to  support  a  party,  candidate,  or  policy.  5. 
A  sudden  start,  departure,  or  spring.  6.  A  roll,  as  of 
Cloth;  a  block  of  wood.     [<  AS.  bolt,  catapult.)    bollef. 


Syn.:  see  lock. — bolt'head",  n.  A  glass  spherical  vessel 
with  a  long,  narrow,  slender  neck,  used  in  chemistry. — 
b.=rope,  n.    Naut.    A  rope  forming  the  border  of  a  saii. 

boltf ,  n.  A  rotating  cylindrical  or  other  frame,  covered 
with  silk  or  the  like,  for  sifting  flour. 

bolt,  adv.  Like  an  arrow;  stiffly;  swiftly;  straight. — bolt 
upright,  in  an  erect  position. 

bolt'er,  1  bolt'er;  2  bolt'er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which 
bolts.  (1)  A  horse  given  to  shying  or  running  away.  (2) 
One  who  refuses  to  support  a  political  nomination. 

bolt'er2,  n.    A  sieve  or  sifter  for  meal  or  flour. 

bolt'er3,  n.    A  fishing=line.     [<  bull1  +  tow,  haul.] 

Bol 'ton,  1  bol'tan;  2  bol'ton,  n.  A  manufacturing  borough 
in  N.  W.  England;  pop.  181,000. 

bo'lus,  1  bo'lus;  2  bo'lus,  n.    A  large  pill.    [L.] 

Bom.,  abbr.    Bombay1 

bo'ma1,  1  bo'ma;  2  bo'ma,  n.  A  circle  or  enclosure  fenced 
with  bush,  thorn,  or  poles,  for  defense.    [Afr.] 

Bo'ma2,  n.  A  town  and  river  port  (pop.  5,000),  capital  of 
Belgian  Kongo,  Africa. 

bo'mahsnut",  1  b6'ma=nut";  2  bo'ma=nut",  n.     The  fruit 
.  of  a  tropical  African  shrub,  used  for  tanning.     boo'mah"f. 

bom(bp,  1  bum  or  bem;  2  bum  or  bom,  n.  A  hollow  iron 
projectile  containing  an  explosive  material  to  be  fired  by 
concussion  or  by  a  time=fuse.  bomb 'shell":!.;  shell ; . 
[Gr.L  bombos,  hollow  sound.] — bomb'=ketch",  n.  A  vessel 
for  carrying  one  or  more  mortars,  b.^vesself. — b.  =proof. 
Fort.  I.  a.  So  constructed  as  to  resist  injury  from  bombs. 
II.  n.  A  bomb=proof  structure  or  chamber. — b.  =  throw"er, 
n.     A  catapult=like  military=engine  for  throwing  bombs. 

bom"ba-ca'ceous,  1  bem'ba-ke'slius;  2  bom"ba-ca'shus,  a. 
Of  or  pertaining  to  the  silk=cotton  family  of  trees. 

bom-bard  'd,  1  bem-bdrd';  2  bom-bard',  vt.  To  assail  with 
or  as  with  cannon=balls  or  shells. — bom-bard'er,  n. — 
bom-bard 'ment,  n.     An  assault  with  shot  or  shell. 

bom 'bard,  1  bem'bard;  2  bom'biird,  n.  1.  The  earliest  form 
of  cannon.  2.  A  bomb=ketch.  3.  A  leather  liquor=jug; 
black-gack.  [<  LL.  bombarda,  engine  for  throwing  large 
stones,  <  L.  bombus;  see  bomb.] 

bom"bar-dier',  1  bem"bar-dlr';  2  bom"bar-der',  n.  1.  An 
artilleryman  In  charge  of  mortars,  etc.    2.  A  kind  of  beetle. 

bom'bastt,  vt.    1.  To  stuff ;  swell  out.    2.  To  baste;  beat. 

bom 'bast,  1  bem'bast;  2  bom'bast,  n.  1.  Grandiloquent 
language;  rant.  2|- Stuffing;  filling.  [<  OF.  bombace, 
padding.]— bom'bast,  bom-bas'tlc,  a.  Inflated;  gran- 
diloquent,    -tl-calf. — bom-bas'ti-cal-ly,  adv. 

bom'bax,  1  bem'baks;  2  bom'baks,  n.  A  tropical  Amer- 
ican tree  of  the  mallow  family,  the  silk=cotton  tree.  [LL., 
cotton,  <  L.  bombyx;  see  bombyx.] 

Bom'bay,  1  bom'be;  2  bom'ba,  n.  A  presidency  (123,064  sq. 
m.;  pop.  19,673,000),  province  (75,918  sq.  m.;  pop.  16.- 
113,000),  and  seaport  city  (pop.  979,000)  of  British  India. 

bom"ba-zine',  1  bom"ba-zIn'  or  bum"ba-zin';  2  b6m"ba- 
zin'  or  bom"ba-zin',  n.  A  fine  twilled  fabric  with  silk  warp 
and  worsted  filling.  [<  F.  bombasin,  <  LL.  bombax;  see 
bombax.]    bom"ba-sine'f. 

Bom-byc'i-dae,  1  bem-bis'i-dl;  2  b6m-byc'i-de,  n.  pi.  Entom. 
A  family  of  moths,  including  the  silkworm-moths.  [< 
bombyx.]— bom  'by-cld,  a.  &  n.— bom"by-cid'e-an,  a.  & 
n.  —  bom'by-cold,  a.  [blc,  d. 

bom'byx,  1  bem'biks;  2  bom'byks,  n.    A  silkworm.— bom '- 

bo'na  fl'de,  1  bo'na  fai'di;  2  hB'na  fl'de.  [L.]  In  good  faith; 
without  deceit:  used  in  English  as  a  compound  adjective; 
as,  bona'fide  transactions. 

bo-nan'za,  1  bo-nan'ze;  2  bo-nan'za,  n.  [U.  S.]  A  rich 
mine,  vein,  or  find  of  ore;  profitable  speculation.  [Sp., 
success,  <  L.  bonus,  good.] 

Bo'na-partc,  1  bo'na-ptirf.2  bo'na-part.  n.  1.  Jerome  (1784- 
t860),  brother  of  Napoleon  [.;  kiiiK  of  Westphalia,  1807- 
1813.  2.  Joseph  (1768-1854),  brother  of  Napoleon  I.;  king 
of  Naples,  1806;  of  Spain,  1808.  3.  Louis  (1778-1846), 
brother  of  Napoleon  I.;  king  01  Holland,  1806.  4.  Louis 
Napoleon,  see  Napoleon  III.  5.  Luelen  (1775-1840), 
Prince  do  Canlno;  brother  of  Napoleon  1.  6.  Napoleon 
(1769-1821),  a  French  military  leader  and  conqueror  (1795- 
1815);  emperor  (1804-1815).     Buo"na-par'tct. 

bo'na=ro'bat,  n.     lit.]     A  courtezan. 

bon'hon,  1  ben'beo  or  (/■'.)  bon"bon';  2  bon  bon  or  (/'.) 
borV'boh',  n.  A  8Ugar«plum;  oonfection.  [F.,  <  L. 
bonus,  good.] 

bond'1,  1  bond;  2  bond,  vt.     I.    I  "  put  under  bond;  morl 
gage.     2.  In  building,  to  bind  .securely  together.     3.  To 
connect  electrically. 

bond,  a.  Subject  to  servitude;  enslaved.  |  <  AS.  bonda, 
bundn,   head   of  a   family,   peasant!      bond 'maid",   n.     A 

female  slave.— bond 'man,  n.  [-mun,  pi-]  A  naalealaveor 
serf,      bonds'manf.  —  bond'wo"man,    bonds 'wo"man, 

n.  fern. 
bond,  1  bond;  2  bond,  n.     1.  That  which  binds;  „  Land; 
tie.    2.  pi.    Fetters;  captivity.    8.  An  obligation  or  con- 
straint.    4.  An  obligation    in    \witing    under   .seal.    5. 
An  interest-bearing  debfcertificftte.     0.  The  condition 


b.'ll.l   I.;. 

bo  tail) 


fl.      ,,,    |  ii       o  .-.    D«t,  «r:  fan,  rttls:  bat,  bOrni 

i       ..  :>•(.  ftll;    mc\  gtt  iii  I  ....     Br,  WOO,       KM 


boil   I 

Ni>ii.|v  man, 
i 


I.   \ 


I  s 

b  lb)     h.ni.1. 

■ 

I 

I.    U.I.I  hi  bond  for 
p.  »  »»*■ 

.'.    \  Iman 

i . 

• 

iritfa  an  iti-.tniiii.iit 
•  rueture  oomp 

ir  ina- 
■  ■  hr:il<-  alum 
I  -.  ■  r  U  brntc  animal 

kins.    4.  <  »i i«- 
of  \  .  "i   bone  or  similar  material 

v  minstrels 
i. 
bone'dust",  'i  I   bone: 

used  Ma  fcr-  b. .flour::    b. .manure: ;    h.meal:. 

Ihhii-  ■  ».  t  "ting,  -.     ii'  anting  of  bonea. 

tn.li.    ».  I  '.   .  •  I        \   U '  ■  ST  1  and  dia- 

phorrtic  ! 
bonfire".  1  !-">n'fair*;  2  bon'flr*.  n.     A  large  fire  in  the 

■  air.    I  <  bomb,  n  .  —  tiht] 
■«■    Iii-  Marie  Bo-alle  (1822-1899). 

ch  »nlmal-p  . 
bnn~h»-ml>  ■'.  2  bAn"0-lDB*,  M.    denial  nature  or 

man:  [F  |     bon"hom-mle':. 

Baa  i-i ...  .  '-on'l-far.  n.    An  Innkeeper:  hotel 

landlord.    [<  Bonlfact,  the  Innkeeper  In  Farquhar's  Beaux' 

Hon  l-f.i.  •    .  •.      1.  Saint   (680-755).  an  English  monk;  the 

apostle  of  Germany:  killed  In  Frlealand  by  pagans.    2.  Any 

one  of   nine   popes:   especially  Boniface  VIII.    (Benedict 

"3):  emphasized  the  temporal  supremacy 

papacy.  [erel-llke  Us!  ■ 

bo-nl't...  ]  '--.-nl'io;  2  bo-nl'to.  n.    One  of  various  large  mack- 
bon  mot,  1  bob  mfl:  2  bon  mo.    [box  mots*,  pi.]    A  clever 

-.■witticism.    (F.) 
Bonn.  2  bon.  n.    An  ancient  manufacturing  and  cathe- 

dra Prussia:  pop.  88.000. 
hoinn  .  1  bon:  2  bon,  n     A  French  nursemaid.    [F.] 
bonne  bourbr,  1  baa  t'Qsh:  2  bon  buch.    A  delicate  morsel;  a 

<  L.  bonus,  good:  bucca.  cheek. 1 
bon 'net,  1  bon'et;  2  b6n'Bt     P.  at    1.  To  cover  the  head 
'!.  To  crush  the  hat  over 
II.  I  ■  ■  '-run;,  or  an  article 

of  a:  \a  outdoor  : 

irorn  es- 

pecially  in  Scotland.     2.  The  velvet  cap  lining  B  crown 

',.  ..r's  or  auctioneer'!  decoy.    4. 

r-lily        [P.,    orig.    a    stufT;    cp     Hind 

bdn&i.  broadcloth  |  — bon 'net  .piece",  n     A  coin  of  James  V. 

'.land,  bearing  a  Ognn  of  tltB  king's  bead  wearing  a 

.et 

bon'n>,  1  ben'i;  2  bon'y,  a.    [uon'ni-i.k;  ik.n'm-i-t]    1. 

beauty;  sweet   and  fair.     2.  Blithe; 

od  )    bon'nlet- 

bon  'nl-l) ,  adv.  —  bon  'nl-ness,  n. 

bon   n>-<  lib    Im  r.  /i-klali'.r;    2    boh'y-cla.b"er,    n. 

Ii  it  Ir  origin.] 
bon" 'ton',  .  I.  The  fashionable 

■  .-.     [K:  nee  BONNY.  TONE.) 

bo  mi-..  1  premium  or  extra  allow- 

5yn_-  see  SCR" ii. y 
bon".»l"»ant  -.i'vafr.  n       A   high- 

•    an  epicure:  also,  a  boon  companion.    [F.,  <  I.,  bonus, 
good.  +  Has,  llve.l 
bo'n),   11  _'         •        i      1.  Of,  like,  pertaining  to,  or 

bones.     2.   Having  prominent 
•hln:  gaunt, 
bonie,  1  bonz;  2  bom.  n.    A  Buddhist  monk.     [F..  <   Cbln. 

Ian  tent,  monk.) 
boo,  1  bu.  2  boo.     I.  ri      To  utter  the  sound  boo.    II.  n   & 
vocal  sound  made  to  indicate  contempt  or  to 
frigh--         booh:. 
boo 'by,  1  bOtu;  2  boVby,  n.     [boo'bieh1.  pi]    1.  A  dull 

n  who  makes 
-,  tool.]  — boo'by,  a 

Boo 'd  ha.  Boo  'ahl«m.  I  tU      BeeBtTDDBJ 

boo'dle,]  bu'dI;2boo'dl.n.    1.  [Slang,  U.S.)  Money;  speclfl- 


.  briber)  fund;  porrupilon«nion<  s  .  public  plum 

i  i  ..11111.1 1.  h  mone) 

4.  A  en  il-umiu       |«'p    i  •  bn. I  dll 

II.  -.b.iii.  I II.  -I/.  .  I lb  r. 

boo"boo',  l  bo'lifi';  2  I 'b....'     I.  ■•  ib  i 

ll.  ii      Loud  uncontrolled  weeping  or 

i i,.  I  .  .!•  i  in  ■  l 1. ;  en- 

ll.         i . 
,;..  r  bound  oi  stitched  i 
id  bound  volume     '.'• 

..  ngth     :t.  I  hi  Bibb  .  al  »,  an)  ol 

the  writings  of  which  it  is  made  up     •*•  A  lubdivi 

a  literary  oompoaition  i  •'»■  \ 

list  oi  horses  entered,  wit li  the  odds  laid  [or  and 

them     ■.  Abookdikepackof  golddeat     71.  ^  record  or 

i     I  ■     IS.  I   < .  i k,  (orig  '  beech  tree.l     book'" 

a.-roiiiii ",  ■  \  register  of  Itei  ■  a-s 

i  another  "f  goods  delivered  or  services  rendered,  con- 
stituting a  debt  or  claim  resting  In  account      book/blnd"- 

er.  •<     i  in.-  whose  trade  It  the  binding  of  i ks      book'- 

bin.r'.T-) .  ■,  ii  ■■'  ;•/  i  A  place  where  I kblndlng  Is  car- 
ried on       book   bllicT  Inn.   PI,     Tlie  arl .  BCt, 

bmding  booki      book 'case*,         \       e  for  holding  books, 
h.'deht.  >i     a  debt  entered  In  an  accounUbook  or  Ii 
BOoklabi  o     l.  Pond  of  books;  book*learaed     8.  Pedan- 
tic; unpracUcaL    -l>,  odi     -neat,  n      book'keep',erl  u. 
Onewbokeei  ountanl      book'keep''lnc« 

n.    "Fin-  an.  method,  or  iira.-i  Ise  of  recording  bu 
actions  sysiematlcaU]      booklet,  \  llttli  b. 

maker,  n     I.  Oae  who  complies,  prints,  or  blu 
a  professional  betting  man,  especially  as  connected  with  the 

turf,      b.'liiark,  n.     any  Object,  ;ii  a  ribbon,  to  I"1  placed 

between  or  on  the  leaves  ol  s  book  to  mark  a  plan-  for  ready 
reference      b. •muslin,  n.    a  One  sheer  muslin,  folded  In 

book  form  lu  the  pie  ■       i k  'seU'er,  n     <  »ne  whose  busl- 

Klllng  of  i i.-.     hook '-eir'ing,  n,     book'- 

store",  n.    (f.  BJ    A  .stun-  for  tin-  Bale  of  books      book'- 

«orill",  n.     1.  A   person  exclusively  devoted  I"  boo 

one  who  lives  among  books.   2.  The  lai  t 
destructive  to  books. 
book 'lug,  1  Imk'iij;  2  bdok/ing,  n.    1.  The  a< 
of  registermg  in  a  book,  rarely  of  forming  into  a  Look. 
2.  Th'-  buying  of  a  pas  book'iiiirMlcrk". 

n.  A  clerk  who  books;  specifically,  in  Great  Britain,  the 
ticket-clerk  at  a  railway  or  Bteami  r  office  or  a  theater.  — b.» 
Office),  n.  |t;t.  Brlt.l  A  place  of  application  for  passage, 
scats,  etc.;  a  tlcket»ofllce. 

boom1,  1  bum;  2  boom.     I.  rf.  &  ri.    To  sound  with  a 
.  l. .  p,  resonant  tone,  as  a  cannon;  hence,  to  rush  onward 
impetuously;  also,  to  hum  Loudly,  a^  a  bet  tie     II- 
deep,  reverberating  sound,  as  of  a  cannon,  or  of  break- 
linitativ.-.J 

boom'.    I.  ot.    To  move,  extend,  obstruct,  or  confine  by 
in. -ans  of  a  spar  or  boom.    II.  n.    1-  A  spar  holding  the 
[  a  fore«and«aft  sail,  or  that  attached  to  a  yard  or 
ither  boom  to  extend  ii     '-'-  \  chain  oi  log 
tercepl  or  retard  the  advance  ae  tim- 

bers, sawlogs,  etc  8,  ^.poli  iet  up  to  mark  a  navigable 
channel.    [  <  D.  boom,  tree,  b 

boom1.  [Colloq.,  U.  8.]  I.  vt.  .t  ri.    To  bring  forward;  ad- 
vertise  energetically;  advance  with  a  rush;  gain  rapidly. 
II.  n.     A  swollen,  roaring  torrent;  sudden  activity  or 
I  rity. 

boom'e-rann,   1   burn'o-rarj;  2   boom'e^rang,  n.     1.   A 
curved  wooden  mi--il.-  used  by  the  natives  of  Australia 
thai  will  return  to  the  thrower.    2.  Any  proceeding  that 
recoils  upon  the  originator.    (  <  X.  8.  waJi 
club.) 

boon,  1  bun;  2  boon,  a.    1.  PoBBeasing  convivial  qu 

genial;  jovial.  2.  Fortunate;  prosperous.  3||.  Benign; 
Bounteous,    [  <  P.  bon,  good.] 

boon,  n.  I.  A  good  thing  bestowed;  favor;  blessing.  2t- 
A  petition.  petition.]  Syn.:  see favob;  out. 

Boone,  Daniel  (1735-1820).    An  American  pioneer. 

boor,  1  bur;  2  UTot,  n.  1.  A  coarse  rustic;  an  ill-bred  fol- 
low. 2*  A  Dutch  peasant,  S.  [li-1  SameasBozB.  (< 
I.  freer,  <  bouuen,  till.]  — boor'lsh,  n.  Itude;  clownish. 
Syn.:   see  awkwakd;  rustic. — boor'lsli-ly,  adv.     boor'- 

l-b-lo 

boost*  1  bast; 2 boost.    V.tt.  [Colloq.,  U.  S.I  To  push  or 
lift  from  beneath.     II.  n.    A  lift;  help.— boost 'er,  n. 
Kite.  A  device  for  Increasing  the  electromotive  force  In  an 
irrent  circuit. 

boot1,  1  but ;  2  boot.  I  '•  vt  &  n.  To  put  boots  on ;  put  on 
II.  n.  1.  A  leather  covering  for  th 
and  leg.  2.  A  bigh  shoe.  3.  A  carriage  receptacle,  for 
carrying  parcels,  etc.  4.  A  medieval  instrument  of  tor- 
ture, compressing  the  foot  and  leg.  [  <  F.  botte.] — 
boot 'black",  n.    One  who  cleans  and  blacks  boots.— b.» 


1: 3=  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud:    cliin;    go;    n  =  sing;    fhin,   Ihia.      bondage 
105      2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   bOrn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this:         botany 


hose,  n.  pi.  Coverings  for  the  legs:  also,  leggings  formerly 
worn  with  high  boots.— boot'jaek",  n.  An  implement  to 
aid  in  removing  boots. — boots  and  saddles,  the  cavalry 
bugle-call  for  mounted  drill.  — b.=tree,  n.  An  apparatus  for 
stretching  or  shaping  boots. 

boot2.  I'Kvi.  To  profit;  avail.  II.  re.  1.  Something  over 
and  above  given  in  barter.  2.  Advantage;  resource; 
help.  [<  AS.  bot,  profit.]— to  boot,  in  addition;  over  and 
above,    to  the  hoot  i  [Archaic]. 

boot     ,  n.    Booty;  plunder.    [<  booty.] 

Bo-o'tes,  1  bo-6'tlz;  2  bo-6'te§,  n.  A  northern  constellation, 
whose  brightest  star  is  Arcturus.    See  constellation. 

booth,  1  buth  or  buth;  2  booth  or  booth,  re.  A  stall  at  a 
fair,  market,  etc. ;  a  temporary  shelter.    [  <  Ice.  budh.] 

Booth, re.  1.  EdwinThomas (1833-1893), anAmericantrage- 
dian.  2.  John  Wilkes  (1839-1865),  an  American  actor 
who  assassinated  Abraham  Lincoln.  3.  William  (1829- 
1912),  an  English  minister;  founder  and  "General"  of  the 
Salvation  Army. 

boot 'less,  1  but'les;  2  boot'les,  a.  Profitless;  useless;  un- 
availing,   -ly,  adv.   -ness,  n. 

boots,  1  buts;  2  boots,  re.    A  hotel  bootblack. 

boo'ty,  1  bu'ti;  2  boo'ty,  re.  [boo'ties2,  pi.]  The  spoil  of 
war;  plunder;  gain.     [<    Ice.  byli,  exchange.]     Syn.:  see 

PLUNDER. 

booze,  1  buz;  2  booz,  vi.  [boozed  ;booz'ing.]  To  drink  to  ex- 
cess; tipple.  [Also  bouse;  cp.  MD.  busen,  G.  bausen,  drink.] 
boose; ;  house;.  —  booze,  re.  1.  Strong  drink;  liquor.  2.  A 
drunken  spree;  carouse,  booset. — boozed,  a.  Drunk;  fud- 
dled.— booz'y,  a.  [Colloq.]  Somewhat  intoxicated;  tipsy. 
boos'yj. — booz'i-ly,  adv.—_ booz'i-ness,  re. 

bo"=peep',  1  bo"-pip';  2  bo"«pep',  re.  The  game  of  peek-a-boo. 
[<  BO,  inter j.  (of  astonishment,  etc.),  +  peep.) 

bor,  1  bor;  2  bor,  re.  [Prov.  Eng.]  Neighbor:  used  in  address. 
[  <  AS.  gebur;  see  neighbor.] 

bor.,  abbr.    Borough. 

bor 'age,  1  bur'ij;  2  bor'ag,  re.  An  erect  rough  European  herb, 
with  blue  flowers,  used  medicinally.  [LL.  borrago,  <  borra, 
burra,  rough  hair.] 

bo'rate,  1  bo'ret;  2  bo'rat,  n.  Chem.  A  salt  of  boric  acid. 

bo'rax,  1  bo'raks;  2  bo'raks,  n.  A  white  crystalline  com- 
pound used  as  an  antiseptic  and  as  a  flux,  bo'rast- — 
bo-rac'lc,  a.    Same  as  boric. 

Borch'gre-vlnk,  1  bera'gre-vink;  2  borH'gre-vfnk,  Carsten 
Egeberg  (1864-        ).    A  Norwegian  Antarctic  explorer. 

Bor"deaux',  1  ber"do';  2  bor'do',  n.  A  seaport  (pop.  262,000) 
of  S.  W.  France;  temporary  capital  of  France,  1914. 

bor'der,  1  ber'dar;  2  bor'der,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  put  a  border 
on.  2.  To  be  contiguous  to;  adjoin.  3t.  To  shut  within 
limits.  II.  i.  To  lie  on  the  border;  be  contiguous;  ap- 
proximate; resemble:  with  on  or  upon. — bor'der-ing,  a. 

bor'der,  n.  A  margin  or  edge;  outer  portion  or  limit; 
brink;  verge;  frontier:  used  also  adjectivally.  [<  F. 
bordure,  <  D.  board,  edge.]  Syn.:  see  bank;  boundary; 
margin. 

— bor'der-er,  n.  One  who  dwells  on  a  frontier.— bor'- 
der =land",  n.  Land  on  or  near  the  border  of  two  adjoining 
countries.— the  Border  or  Borders,  the  English  and  Scot- 
tish borderland. 

bor"de-reau ',  1  ber"da-ro';  2  bor"de-ro',  n.  [F.]  A  memoran- 
dum containing  detailed  information  on  documents  that  ac- 
company it.  [a  shield.    2||.  A  border. 

bor'dure,  1  ber'diQr;2  bor'dfir,  n.    1.  Her.  A  bearing  around 

bore1,  1  bor;  2  bor,  v.  [bored;  bor'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
make  a  hole  in  or  through,  as  with  an  auger.  2.  To 
make  (a  hole)  by  or  as  by  turning  an  auger.  3.  To  tire; 
weary;  annoy.  II.  i.  1.  To  make  a  hole  with  a  boring- 
tool.  2.  To  yield  to  a  boring-tool.  3.  To  advance  by 
gradual  motion.    [  <  AS.  boriun,  <  V  bhar,  cut.] 

bore2,  imp.  of  bear,  v. 

bore1,  n.  A  hole  made  by  or  as  if  by  boring;  the  interior 
diameter  of  a  firearm  or  cylinder.  [  <  AS.  bor,  auger.] 
Syn.:  see  hole. 

bore2,  n.  A  tiresome  person  or  thing;  an  annoyance.  [< 
AS.  bor,  auger.]  —  bore'dom,  n.  Bores  as  a  class;  the  habit 
of  being  a  bore,  or  the  condition  of  being  bored;  ennui. 

bore3,  n.  A  high  crested  wave  caused  by  the  rush  of 
flood-tide  up  a  river  or  by  the  meeting  of  tides.  Com- 
pare eager.    [Ice.  barn,  billow  caused  by  wind.] 

bo're-al,  1  bo'n-al;  2  bo're-al,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  north 
or  the  north  wind;  northern. 

Bo're-as,  1  bo'n-as;  2  bo're-as,  n.    The  north  wind.   [Gr.] 

bor'cr,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  bores,  especially  a  beetle, 
moth,  or  mollusk  that  burrows  In  wood  or  stone. 

Bor'gla,  lbor'Ja ;  2bor'gii,  n.  1.  Ccsarc  (1478-1507) , an  Italian 
cardinal,  soldier,  and  adventurer.  2.  Lucrezla  (1480-1519), 
sister  of  Oesare,  wife  of  Alfonso,  Duke  of  Este. 

bo'rlc,  1  bo'rik;  2  bo'rlc,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  derived  from 
boron,  bo-rac 'let.  —  boric  arid,  a  colored  crystalline  com 
pound  obtained  largely  In  volcanic  lagoons  of  Tuscany, 
Italy,  and  found  in  chemical  combinations,  as  borax. 


bo'rid,    \ 1  bo'rid,  -rid  or  -raid;  2  bo'rid,  -rid  or  -rid,  n.  Chem. 

bo 'ride,  S  A  combination  of  boron  with  a  more  positive  ele- 
ment or  radical. 

born,  1  born;  2  born,  a.  1.  Brought  forth  or  into  being, 
as  offspring.  2.  Natural;  ingrained.  [  <  AS.  boren,  pp. 
of  beran,  bear.] 

borne,  1  born;  2  born,  pp.  of  bear,  v. 

Bor'ne-0,  1  ber'm-o;  2  bor'ne-o,  re.  Principal  island  (290,000 
sq.  m.:  pop.  1.920,000)  in  Malay  Archipelago. 

Bor"o-dl'no,  1  ber"o-di'no;  2  bor"o-di'no,  n.  A  village  near 
Moscow;  Napoleon  defeated  Russians,  Sept.  7,  1812. 

bo'ron,  1  bo'ron;  2  bo'ron,  n.  Chem.  A  non-metallic  element: 
the  base  of  boric  acid.    See  element.    [<bor\x.] 

bor'ougb,  )  1  bur'o;  2  bor'o,  n.     1.   [U.  S.J  An  incorpo- 

bor'o3,  S  rated  village  or  town,  or  a  distinct  section  of 
a  city.  2.  [Eng]  (1)  A  municipal  corporation,  not  a 
city,  endowed  by  royal  charter  with  certain  privileges 
(a  municipal  borough).  (2)  A  town,  whether  cor- 
porate or  not,  entitled  to  representation  in  Parliament 
(a  parliamentary  borough).  3f.  Any  town.  [<  AS. 
burg,  burh,  fort,  city.] 

bor'rel||,  1  ber'el;  2  bor'el,  a.  1.  Unlearned;  rude.  2.  Belong- 
ing to  the  laity,    bor'elt;  bor'rellf. 

bor  'row,  1  bor'o;  2  bor'o,  v.  I.J.  1.  To  obtain  on  promise 
of  return.  2.  To  appropriate;  copy;  adopt;  pretend; 
feign.  3.  Arith.  In  subtraction,  to  add  ten  to  any 
figure  of  the  minuend,  at  the  same  time  withdrawing 
one  from  the  next  preceding  figure.  II.  i.  To  procure 
the  loan  of  something;  copy  or  adopt  thoughts,  words, 
etc.,  from  others.  [<  AS.  boraian,  give  a  pledge,  bor- 
row, <  borg,  pledge.] 

bor'row1,  n.  Civ.  Engin.  A  place,  as  a  bank  of  earth,  where 
material  is  removed  to  be  used  as  filling  elsewhere. 

bor'row2t,  n.    A  pledge;  surety:  the  act  of  borrowing. 

Bor'row,  George  Henry  (1S03-1881).  An  English  writer  and 
Gipsy  scholar;  The  Bible  in  Spain. 

bos 'cage,  )  1  bes'kij;  2  bos'cag,  re.    A  mass  of  shrubbery;  a 

bos 'kage,  S  thicket;  clump.  [<  OF.  boscage,  grove,  ult.  < 
OHG.  busc,  bush.] 

Bos'ca-wen,  1  bos'ka-wen;  2  bos'ca-wen,  Edward  (1711- 
1761).  An  English  admiral,  victor  at  Lagos  Bay,  Aug.  18, 
1759.  [Turk.] 

bosh,  1  besli;  2  bosh,  re.    [Colloq.]    Empty  words;  nonsense. 

bosk,  1  bask;  2  bosk,  re.  A  thicket  of  bushes;  a  small  wood. 
[ME.  bosc,  busk.]  —  bos'ket,  re.  A  cluster  of  trees  in  a  land- 
scape-garden; a  thicket,    bos'quett. 

bosk'y,  1  besk'i;  2  bosk'y,  a.  Full  of  undergrowth;  abound- 
ing in  shrubbery;  wooded. — bosk'1-ness,  re. 

Bos'nl-a  and  Her"ze-go-vi'na,  1  boz'm-a,  her"tsa-go-vi'na; 
2  bos'ni-a,  her"tse-go-vi'na.  A  province  (19,702  sq.  m.;  pop. 
1,896,000)  of  Austria=Hungary;  formerly  Turkish  provinces. 

bo'som,  1  bu'zam  or  bu'zam;  2  bp'gom  or  bo'gom,  vt.  1. 
To  have  or  cherish  in  the  bosom;  embrace.  2.  To  em- 
bosom; conceal. 

bo'som,  n.  1.  The  breast  of  a  human  being,  especially 
that  of  a  woman.  2.  The  breast  with  the  arms,  con- 
sidered as  an  enclosure  in  embracing;  hence,  any  inti- 
mate relation.  3.  That  portion  of  a  garment  covering 
the  breast,  or  the  receptacle  which  it  forms.  4.  The 
breast  as  the  seat  of  affection,  etc.  5.  Any  deep  or  en- 
closed place  or  supporting  surface.  6f.  Desire.  Used 
adjectivally  in  all  senses.    [  <  AS.  bosm.] 

Bos'po-rus,  1  bes'po-rus;  2  bos'po-rus,  re.  A  strait  between 
the  Black  Sea  and  the  Sea  of  Marmora.    Bos'pho-rust. 

boss1,  1  bos',  2  bos.  I',  vt.  To  work  in  relief;  emboss.  II. 
n.  A  circular  prominence;  a  knob;  stud.  [<  F.  bosse,  hump, 
bump.] — boss'y,  a.  Decorated  with  or  as  with  bosses. 

boss2,  lbes;  2  bos.  [Colloq.,  U.  S.I  I',  vt.  &  vi.  To  master; 
manage;  dominate.  II.  n.  1.  A  superintendent  or  em- 
ployer of  workmen;  manager;  foreman.  2.  An  organizer 
or  dictator  of  a  political  party.  [<  D.  baas,  master.] 
Syn.:  see  master. 

boss3,  re.  [Rare  or  Obs.]  A  straw  seat;  hassock.  [< 'p.  AS. 
bsest,  cordage;  D.  60s,  bundle.] 

Bos"suet',  1  bO'swG';  2  bo"swe',  Jacques  Benlgne  (1627- 
1704).    A  French  divine,  bishop,  and  writer. 

Bos'ton,  1  bos'tan;  2  bOs'ton,  re.  1.  The  largest  seaport  city 
of  New  England  (pop.  071,000);  capital  of  Massachusetts. 
2.  A  seaport  borough  in  northeastern  England;  aoted  for  its 
fisheries. 

Bos 'well,  1  boz'wel;  2  bog'wel.  James  (1740-1795).  A  Scot- 
tish lawyer;  biographer  of  Samuel  Johnson. 

Bos 'worth,  1  bois'warlh;  2  bos'worth,  n.  A  town  In  central 
England;  battle.  Aug.  22,  1485. 

bot,  1  bot;  2  bot,  re.  1.  The  larva  of  a  bot-fly.  2.  A  bot« 
fly.— bot'«fly",  n.  A  fly,  the  larva  ol  u  hloh  are  parasitic  In 
vertebrates,  as  In  horses. 

bot.,  abbr.    Botanical,  botanist,  botany,  bought. 

bot'a-ny,  1  bot'a-ni;  2  bot'a  ay,  n      I-niks7-,  pl.J    The 

.scicnci-  t.li:it,  treats  of  plants  wil.li  reference  to  their  struc- 
ture, functions,  classification,  etc.    [  <  Gr.  botanikos,  < 


botch 

bow  lint- 


11  '  I  I  I  I  •  •  ii         ii         'ill.  LOrn; 

I        i  I  ...  ii  I  I "On,  I  (Ml 


I... i    . 
...I     i- 


bo 

boli  h. 

I.. 

III. 

tnurri'.  IkM 

. 

It. 


I.  insling 

II 

I      ■ 

I... I,  Ii    ,  r-i  . 

bolt  ii  > . 

I 

II  I 

III. 

i  n  fired" 

i  r  UDltj 

'.'  ' 

i 

:il  gen- 
ua ol  s<mth  African 
i  i  r, 
l.  l     trouble: 

II.  iroe  of 

Imtb'Vr-.-i  '(Ion.    n. 

inn  h  '.  r in  .        i  Busing  bother 

\  Inn  for  laborers:  a 
i di  '> : :  both'] :. 

(.ulf  of.      \   northern 
and  Finland. 

B..1I1H.II.  Karl    of    (1537-1578). 

Jair.'-  trtler  and  conspirator;  hus- 

L567). 

[Anclo»Ind]    Tti. 
p B-gO'dl    trie":. 

I,  -  -ol'dal,  a.     I. Ike  a 

•  .  -  laliy  of  minerals.    [<  Gr.  botrys, 

i...t  'ry-old  : :  bol  'ry-osel. . 
boll, 
Bnfii-ci  I'll   .  I:  2  bof  tf-eberU,  Aleaandro  n- 

I lf><  [>l    1447-1518  ne  painter. 

bot-tlne',  1  tx>-tln';  2  bo-tln'.n.    [F.I    A  woman's  high  shoe. 
bot'tle,  k.     [hot'ti-ed.  HOt'i.Ii' 

t»>t  1   .  I .  .'. 

bol  Hi  .        1.  rrying,  and  pouring 

•  can  be 
■.ill  bold,     bol'tlc- 
ful    .     .:.  drinking  ini 

Or.   pvtini.  flaak.]— bot'tlei 
bold   •  r.        1  1  prize-fighter,  who  ■•• 

Ihtii  <•.  a  Bupporter 
for  bottles. 
bot'tli    ■ . 

not    II.  r.     .  bol  '  •  >  I  •  r  :  :   lull    I 

l)ui  i. .111.  I.    •  I.  To  ].r..-.  ide 

'',.   I  0 
II.  'i. 
III.  I. 

part 

I. 
ba*    -  l-  !  along  B  river.    5.  The  1 

li.   Resid- 
8.  All  of 

I...I  'toill-h  — . 

a     i!  rnary. 

init  't..in-r>  mtracl   whereby  the 

;     'lying  or 

hi.ii'il.nr '.  .  private 

hou"c|olr-i-<|Ue',  a 

b..utr.        .  •    J     ,  •   •. 

.  .in~»llle'.  1   btr*gan*vil':  2  bu'i  Louis    \n- 

t'.in-  -!l       The  first  French  circumnavigator, 


17< 


17' 


Bou"gue-reau',ll  .'.-•-  •' \dolphe  William 

Triumph  of  Venus. 
boueh,  1  bau;  2  bou,  n.    A  limb  of  a  tree.    [<  .'. 
Wi,  arm.) 


Ii.uikIi  ■  i>..i  •.  1  bou'*|Mit*;                              1     \  ■  i". 1  or 

\  bouquet. 
I..  111     pol      .  i...»     pol 
boUghl .                                           A   pn    ..(  111 

1.. .11  >;i.-.  1  ih.  slender,  flexible 

imeni  to  1  >«-  Introduced  Into  ■  canal  of  tin 

bou II  Ion.  .  2  bul'yon 

1  |l   ) 

■><>iii  .  1 

iiuiil  ii.  r.  1 1  der.fi      \  Ini-'    tono  moved  by 

bed        I  •      >»     'I'  'I 

i*r   pebblo.]     border! t    boul'der*tone''ti 
bowl  iiir: . 
boule-vardt  1  bo  |  ■  yard;  2  bu/li  ■••  Lid)  n      I.   \  broad 

Qpd  for  p  ."  -nail. mi'  ..r 

:•,  generally  planted  with  tret        '.'■  Origin 
rampart ;  bet  I  laid  out  on 

rami  verk,  bulwark  ]    boule-varl   . 

Bou-logne'i  1  im  i..ii '.  "  i.ii  Ion',  n      \  seaport 
..I  1  ranee,  on  the  English  1  ihannel 

1 rti-r,  n     Bame as noLTEB*.    bul'ti-r:. 

bono  .  1  i.nini.  l'  I'.niii     I.  'i  A  ./.    To  make  ready;  I 
11.        i 

bounce,    1    bauna;   L'   I nc       1.  A  [BOt 

urn  \.  'im,  ]  To  cause  to  bound;  move  with,  a  bound; 
oome  or  go  violently  or  suddenly  DLn.  1.  ^sudden  or 
violent  spring  nr  leap;  a  bounding  ->r  elastic  motion; 
rebound.  1.  [Slang,  U.  B.]  Dismissal;  dischari 
pulsion  8.  A  heavy  blow;  a  bang.  4.  (Gt.  Brit.]  (1) 
An  audacious  lie;  a  bouncei       2    B  ration; 

bluster;  swagger.  LO  beat    knock  1    By] 

iii.iinri-'a-i.i  .    .  1 .  Given  to  bounce  or 

bluster;  Irascible.  '■!{.  Thai  may  i"-  bounced,  boune'er,  r«. 
I.  a  large  or  strong  person  or  thing.  '!■  One  who  or  that 
which  bounces.  S.  [Colloq.]  An  audacious  lie  bonnc'- 
Inic.  pa.  1.  Btrong  and  active;  large;  exaggerated.  '■!. 
Bwaggerlng;  boastful;  untruthful 

bound',  1   bound;  2  bound.     I',   vi.     To  leap  tightly; 
Bpring;  spring  back;  rebound.    II.  n     1.  Alight, 
leap  or  spring;  also,  a  rebound,    '■£.  The  distano   | 
over  in  a  leap  or  bound.     [<  F.  bondir,  leap,    <   L. 
bombus,  bussing.] 

bound-.   I1,  if.    1.  I  Is  to;  restrict.    2.  To  form 

the  boundary  of;  adjoin.    '.I.  To  describe  or  name  the 
boundaries  of,     II.  n.     1.  That  which  rarcum 
boundary.    'I.  pi.  The  district  included  within  a  bound- 
arj  '""  UmltB.    [<   1.1. "r  bodina,  limit.]    S.vn.:  (verb)  see 
.  im  im>i  bibb;  lbap;  van  e  bank;  boi  nsabt; 

bound  'less,  a.  Having  no  limit;  vast;  measureless; 
Infinite.  Sin.:  see  INFINITE.  -  bound 'less-ly,  adv. — 
bound  leas-neas,  n. 

I1011111I,  pa      1.  blade  East;  tied;  confined  in  bonds.    2. 
trained  <■?  compelled.    3.  Having  a  cover  or  hi  inl- 
ine.   4.  Apprenticed.    5.  [Colloq.,  I  .8.]  Determined; 
resolved.    I  <  AS.  bundi  n,  1  >  1 » .  of  bind*  n,  bind.] 

bound,  a.  [laving  one's  course  directed;  on  tin-  way; 
destined:  with  for  or  to.  [<  foe.  buinn,  pp.  of  Wia, 
prepare.]    bonne]  [Poel  |. 

bound ';i-ry,  1  baund'a-ri;  2  bound'a-ry,  n.    \-uiy.s7-,  pi] 

A    liiiiitinu  "r  dividing   line   or  mark;   also,   any   oliji-ct 

.  indicate  b  limit  or  confine, 
barrier,    border,    bound,  bourn,    bourne,  confines, 
enclc  ure,  frontier,  landmark,  limit,  line,  marches. 

marge,  margm,  term,  terminal  Ion.  verue.     I  he  bimndfiry  was 

he  landmark,  thai  which  marked  oil  one  pit  o  ol 

'    im  anoth.-r.     The  bound  Is  the  limit,  marked  or 

unmarked.    Xow,  however,  tin-  difference  between  the  two 

words  has  come  to  be  sunplj  oneofu  age    As  regards  terrt- 

nre  speak  of  the  bow  itlon  or  of  an  estate; 

the  bounds  of  a  college,  a  balUground,  etc.    Bound*  may  be 

u-ed  for  all  within  the  /,-  ,  for  the  limiting  line 

that  which  Is  Without;  bound  only 

i  which  Is  within.     Hence  we  speak  of  the  hounds,  not 

'  B  Subject,  of  the  universe,  etc  ;  we  Hay  the, 

ts  were  forbidden  to  w  beyond  the  bounds.    A  barrier^ 

1  1  hint;  that  bars  Ingress  or  egress.     A  harrier  may  be  a 

lory,  as  »m  the  <;r.-at    Wall  of  china.     Bourn,  or 

Is  a  poetical  expression  for  bound  or  boundary.     A 

■rip.  as  of  land,  along  the  boundary.    Edge  Is  a 

Sharp  terminal  line,  as  where  river  or  ocean  meets  the  land. 

lAmii  iimost  wholly  in  the  figurative  sense;  as, 

Ion,  ol  time,  ol  jurisdiction.  Line  Is  a 
mini  ,  or  through  the  lint  .  ol  an 

arm  BABBIEB;    i.nu;    m\k<;in.  -  Ant.:   center, 

citadel,  estate.  Inside,  interior,  land,  region,  territory. 

bound 'en,  1  baund'an;  'Z  bound'en,  a.  1.  Obligatory; 
2   .  I    oder  ol. ligations;  obliged. 

boun'te-ous,  1  baun'ta-US;  2  boun'te-fis,  o.  1.  Giving 
freely  and  largely;  generous;  beneficent.  '£.  Marked  by 
liberality  or  bounty;  plentiful,     -ly,  adv.     -ness,  n. 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  owt;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    Xi  =  smg;    €hin,  this.  botch 

107        2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,  .gem;   ink;    thin,    this.       bowline 


boun'teth,  1  baun'teth;  2  boun'teth,  n.  [Scot.]  A  gratuity 
over  and  above  regular  wages:  bounty,    boun'titht. 

boun'ti-ful,  1  baun'ti-ful;  2  boun'ti-ful,  a.     Bounteous; 
generous;  abundant.    Syn.:  see  ample;  generous. 
— boun'tl-ful-ly,  adv. — boun'ti-ful-ness,  re. 

boil ii 'ty,  1  baun'ti;  2  boun'ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi.]  1.  Liber- 
ality in  giving  or  bestowing;  munificence.  2.  Gifts  or 
favors  generously  bestowed.  3.  A  grant  or  allowance 
from  a  government,  as  for  fisheries,  manufactures, 
enlistment,  etc.  [  <  L.OF  bonita(t-)s,  goodness,  <  bonus, 
good.]    boun'tet.    Syn.:  see  benevolence;  gift;  subsidy. 

bou-quet',  1  bu-ke';  2  bu-ke',  n.  1.  A  bunch  of  flowers;  a 
nosegay.    2.  Delicate  odor;  aroma,  as  of  wine.     [F.] 

Bour'bon1,  1  bur'ban  or  (F.)  bur"bon';  2  bur'bon  or  (F.) 
bur"bon',  n.  1.  A  dynasty  which  reigned  over  France, 
1589-1792,  1815-1848.  2.  A  member  of  the  deposed  royal 
house  of  France  or  of  the  Spanish  or  the  Neapolitan  branch 
of  the  same  family.  3.  Charles, Constable  de  (1490-1527), 
a  French  general;  entered  service  of  the  emperor  Charles  V. 
and  defeated  French  at  Pavia;  killed  before  Rome.  4. 
[Slang,  U.  S.]  Polit.  A  stubborn  conservative. — Bour'bon- 
lsm,  re.— Bour'bon-ist,  re. 

bour"geols',  1  bur"3wa';  2  bur"zhwa',  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
the  commercial  or  middle  class,  as  distinguished  from  the 
nobility  or  from  the  working  class;  hence,  uncultivated;  ill= 
bred;  common.    [F.) 

bourgeois'1,  re.  1.  A  member  of  the  commercial  or  middle 
class;  a  townsman;  tradesman.  2.  A  14th=century  coin. 
[F.,  =  burgess.] — bour"geol"sie',  re.  The  middle  class  of 
society,  especially  In  France:  used  collectively. 

bour-geols'2,  1  bar-jois':2  bur-gois',  re.  Print.  A  size  of  type: 
about  9=point.    bur-geols'J. 

This  line  is  set  in  bourgeois. 

bour'geon,  vi.  &  re.    See  burgeon. 

Bourges,  1  bur3;  2  burzh,  re.    A  city  (pop.  46,000)  in  central 

France. 
bourn1     )  1  born;  2  born,  n.    That  which  limits;  bound; 
bourne1,  \  goal;  end.    [<  LL.F  bodina,  limit.] 

Syn.:  see  boundary. 
bourn2,    In.    A  brook  or  rivulet:  used  also  in  combina- 
bourne2,  >  tion;  as,  Eastbourne.    Compare  burn.    [  <  AS. 

burna,  fountain,  spring,   <   beornan,  burn.] 
Bournc'mouth,  1  born'mafh;  2  born'muth,  re.     A  seaside 

resort  in  S.  England;  the  burial=place  of  Godwin. 
bourse,  1  burs;  2  burs,  re.  Finance.  An  exchange  or  money 

market:  especially  the  Paris  stock=exchange.     [F.,  purse, 

<  LL.  bursa,  bag.  <  Gr.  byrsa,  hide.] 
bouse1,  v.  &  n.    Same  as  booze. 
bouse2,  vt.  Naut.  To  lift  or  haul  with  blocks  and  tackle. 

bowsef. 
bout,  1  bout;  2  bout,  n.    1.  A  single  turn;  a  set«to.    2.  A 

fit  of  drunkenness,  reveling,  or  illness.     3.  A  bend  or 

turn,  as  of  a  tope;  bight.    [<  bow1,  ».]    Syn.:  see  battle. 
bou"ton"nlere',  1  bu"to"nyar';  2  bu'to'nyer',  n.    A  button- 

hole»bouciuet.     [F.] 
Bou-vier',  1  bu-vlr';  2  bu-ver',  John  (i787-1851).    American 

jurist  born  in  Italy;  compiler  of  a  Law  Dictionary. 
Bo'vi-dae,  1  bo'vi-di;  2  bo'vi-de,  re.  pi.  Mam.  A  family  of 

ruminants,    generally    embracing    all    having    paired 

hollow  horns  ensheathing  horn=cores,  as  in  cattle,  sheep, 

and  goats.    [<  Bos] — bo'vid,  re.  —  bo'void,  a.  &n. 
Bo-vi'nae,  1  bo-vai'nl;  2  bo-vi'ne,  n.   pi.   Mam.  A  sub- 
family of  Bovidse,  as  horned  cattle,  buffaloes,  and  bisons. 

[<  Bos.] 
bo'vine,  1  bo'vin  or  bo'vain;  2  bf/vin  or  bo'vln,  a.    1.  Of 

or  pertaining  to  the  Bovidse   or    Bovinse.     2.  Ox-like; 

slow;  stupid.     [<  LL.  bovinus,    <  L.  Ims,  ox.] 
bow1,  1  buu;  2  bow,  v.     [bowed,  bowd9;  bow'ing.]    I.  t. 

1.  To  bend  in  reverence,  courtesy,  etc.     2.  To  express 

by  bowing,  as  assent.    3,  To  escort  or  attend  with  bows. 

4.  To  cause  to  bend  or  stoop;  press  down;  humiliate; 

oppress.     II.  i.     To  bend  forward  the  head  or  body  in 

COUXtesy,  assent,   etc.;   bend;  sloop;   render  homage  or 

worship;  submit;  yield.    [<  AS.  Imgnii,  bow,  bend,  flee] 

Syn.:  see  bend. 
bow2,  1  bo;  2  bo,  i>.     [bowed;  bow'ing. ]    I.  I.    To  curve 

like  a  bow;  bend.     II.  i.     To  play  with  a  bow;  as,  he 

bows  well.     See  now2,  re.,  3. 
bow1, 1  buu;  2  bow,  n.    An  inclination  of  the  body  or  head 

forward  and  downward,  as  in  salutation  or  worship. 
bow2,  1  bo;  2  bo,  re.  1.  A  bend  or  curve,  or  something 
bent  or  curved,  as  a  rainbow.  2.  An  elastic  weapon, 
bent  by  a  cord  and  projecting  an  arrow  by  its  recoil 
when  suddenly  released.  3.  A  rod  having  parallel  hairs 
strained  between  raised  ends,  used  with  a  violin  by 
drawing  across  the  strings.  4.  A  knot,  with  a  loop  or 
loops,  as  of  ribbon,  etc.  5.  Any  one  of  various  bow 
shaped  objects,  as  one  of  the  rims  of  a  pair  of  spectacles 
or  one  of  the  curved  supports  passing  over  the  ears; 


also,  an  ox'bow,  a  saddle=oow,  etc.  6.  The  land  within 
a  bow  or  ox=bow  of  a  river.  [  <  AS.  boga,  <  bugan;  see 
bow1,  v.] — bow'=arm",  bow'shand",  re.  In  playing  a  vio- 
lin, the  right  hand  or  arm;  in  archery,  the  left. — Iron  -knot, 
re.  A  knot  so  formed  as  to  be  readily  untied.  —  bow 'man1, 
re.  [-men,  pi.]  An  archer. — bow=net,  re.  A  lobster=net. — 
bow=pin,  re.  The  key  or  pin  of  an  ox=yoke. — bowsshot,  re. 
The  distance  to  which  an  arrow  may  be  sent  from  a  bow.— 
bow  window,  a  projecting  window  built  up  from  the 
ground=level,  properly  one  of  curved  ground^plan.  Com- 
pare bay  window. — on  the  bow  hand,  on  the  wrong  side; 
inaccurately;  wide  of  the  mark. 

bow3,  1  bau;  2  bow,  n.  1.  The  forward  part  of  a  vessel: 
often  in  the  plurai.  2.  The  forward  oarsman  of  a  boat. 
[<  Ice.  bogr,  shoulder,  bow] — bow  'man"  ,  re.  [-men,  pi.] 
The  oarsman  nearest  the  bow. — bow  '=oar",  n.  1.  The  fore- 
most oar  of  a  boat,  or  the  person  pulling  that  oar.  2.  In  a 
whalcboat,  the  second  oar,  or  the  man  pulling  It. 

bow4,  1  bu;  2  bo,  n.  [Scot.  &  North.  Eng.]  A  herd;  farm* 
stock.    [<  Ice.  bu,  farm.] 

bow6,  1  bau;  2  bow,  re.    [Scot.]    Aboil.    See  boll2. 

Bow'ditch,  1  bau'dicTi;  2  bow'dich,  Nathaniel  (1773-1838). 
An  American  mathematician  and  navigator. 

Bow'doin,  1  bo'dn;  2  bo'dn,  James  (1726-1790).  American 
patriot. — B.  College  (founded  1794),  Brunswick,  Me. 

bow'el,  1  bau'el;  2  bow'el,  n.  1.  An  intestine;  in  the 
plural,  the  intestines  collectively;  the  inner  part  of  any- 
thing; as,  the  bowels  of  the  earth.  2||.pZ.  The  intestinal 
regions,  formerly  considered  as  the  seat  of  the  tender 
emotions;  hence,  pity;  compassion;  heart.  [  <  L.LL+OF 
bolcllus,  dim.  of  botedus,  sausage,  intestine.] 

bow'er1,  1  bau'ar;  2  bow'er.  I.  vt.  To  enclose  as  in  a 
bower;  embower.  II.  re.  A  shady  recess;  a  retired 
dwelling;  private  apartment;  arbor;  boudoir.  [<  AS. 
bur,  chamber,  <  buan,  dwell.] — bow'ersblrd",  n.  An  Aus- 
tralian bird  that  builds  a  bower  or  play=house  apart  from 
its  nest,  ornamenting  it  with  shells,  feathers,  etc. — bow'er- 
let§,  re.  A  small  bower.— bow'er=mald",  re.  [Poet.]  A 
lady's  chambermaid;  tirewoman.  b.  --maiden t;  b.=wo- 
man!.  —  Ir-lliaiie,  re.  In  early  English  history,  a  cham- 
berlain. 

bow'er2,  n.  Either  of  the  two  highest  cards  (the  knave  of 
trumps  or  right  bower  and  the  knave  of  the  same  color  or 
left  bower)  in  the  game  of  euchre.  [<  G.  bauer,  peasant, 
knave.] 

bow'er3,  re.  Naut.  A  large  anchor  carried  on  the  bow  of  a  ves- 
sel.  bow'er=an"chorf. 

bow'er4,  1  bo'ar;  2  bo'er,  re.  1.  One  who  plays  with  a  bow,  as 
on  a  violin.    2.  A  maker  of  bows  for  archery;  bowyer. 

bow'er6,  \  bau'ar;  2  bow'er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  bends; 
a  muscle  that  bends  a  joint. 

bow'er-y,  1  bau'ar-i;  2  bow'er-y,  ra.  [-ies^,  pi.]  1.  A  farm  or 
plantation:  so  called  by  the  Dutch  settlers  of  New  York.  2. 
[B-]  A  thoroughfare  In  New  York,  noted  for  cheap  shops  and 
places  of  amusement  and  for  the  loud  and  flashy  character 
of  its  frequenters;  hence,  Bowery  style,  Bowery  boy,  etc. 
[<   D.  bouwerij,  farm,   <  oouwer,  bocr,  boor.] 

bow'le,  1  bau'i;  2  bow'i,  n.  [Scot.]  A  bucket,  or  small  tub. 
[<  OF.  buie,  <  buire,  <  L.  bibo,  drink.] 

bow'ie=knife",  1  bo'i=nair";  2  b6'l»nlf,  re.  [U.  S.]  A  strong 
hunting»knife  with  two> 
edged  point,  hilt.  cross» 
piece,  and  sheath  first  made 
by  Rezin  P.  Bowie.  [< 
James  Bowie,  Texas,  1790- 
1836,  who  first  used  it.] 

bowl,  1  bol;  2  bol,  v.     I.  i. 

1.  To  hit  with  anything  rolled;  knockdown;  prostrate. 

2.  To  carry  or  trundle  along  on  wheels.  3.  Cricket.  To 
deliver  (a  ball).  II.  t.  1.  To  play  at  bowls.  2.  To 
roll  a  bowl  or  other  round  object.  3.  To  move  smoothly 
and  swiftly  forward,  as  on  wheels.  4.  Cricket.  To  de- 
liver a  ball.— bowl 'er,  n.  1.  One  who  plays  bowls.  2. 
Cricket.  The  player  who  delivers  the  ball. 

bowl1,  n.  1.  A  concave  domestic  vessel,  nearly  hemi- 
spherical and  larger  than  a  cup.  2.  A  drinking  vessel 
for  wine,  etc.;  a  large  goblet,  3.  Anything  shaped  like  a 
bowl,  as  a  hollow  among  hills,  etc.  |  <  AS.  holla;  so 
culled  from  iis  rounded  shape;  cp.  hole1,  n.] 

bowl2,  n.  1.  A  large  wooden  ball  Eor  playing  bowls  or 
tenpins.  2.  A  turn  or  inning  :il  a  game  oi  bowls,  3.  A 
roller  in  :i  knitting  machine       ••   i'l    A   pair  of  rolls  for 

calendering  muslin,  etc.  |<  F.  boule,  <  L.  bulla,  bub- 
ble.)—bowls,  re.  /;/.  I.  [Eng. I  An  open-air  game  pla.\eil 
with  onesided  or  weighted  hails.  2(.  Tenpins.  American 
Ironist. 

bowl'dcr,  re.     Same  as  BOULDER. 

bow'lill(e'',  1  bo'hn;  2  bo'lin,  re.  Naut.  I.  A  rope  to  keep 
the  weather  edge  of  a  square  Bail  forward  when  sailing 

close. hauled.  2.  A  curve  showing  B  vertical  section  of  a 
vessel's  bow.     [  <  Ice.  bog,  ship's  bow,  +  Una,  line.] 


Bowie-kni 


heath. 


bottling 
br.n  > 


11  •  i  I      poll  "'.Or;  full.  rOli-;   but.  l>Orn; 

>      i  I  It, loo;  1-8;   1  -  ft;  to,  not,  or,  won,       108 


I 


boi 


box 


■.  a.) 

g  for 
ling 

i 

.  thing  or 

In  boxes 

! 

I 

Ung  Da]  •   nr~t  week-day 

la  ((  hrlat- 

II.  I  .  ■  spar  with  l»'X- 

Ipmv  'it:,  n.     A 

i rrinu.  ius 

boi  Ing  gloi •  ■'•  e  «  ' b 

b     in. ill  li.    .  w  -tight  or 

other  material, 
cabling 

ich,  etc. 

■   compartment  with  some 

i  compartment  in  :i 

I.   i  tantity  contained  in 

.">.  ■//.  The  rec- 

field  in  which  the  pitcher 

<    L.  buxum,  anything  made  oi 

buxut.  box-- 

tm\  .  -  cuff  on  the  car  or  the  cheek. 

t).i\  .  I.  lb  <>f  tin-  spurge  family,  of 

:   which  is  i. 
2.    Hoxwood.      [<    AS.   box,    <    L. 

■ 

r..  _•  bfiks'bcr'y,  n.    The  checkerbcrry. 

rder.   n.     A  North- 

ipberry  family,  allied  to  the  maple, 

ar  fruit,  but  leaves  with  3  or  5  leaflets;  the  ash- 

■ 

bni '«  n.  a.    1.  Consisting  of  or  pertaining 

to  b-  .'-  f  or  looking  like  bow. 

Boi'er,  "T  of  a  Chinese  secret 

soel-  '  bleb  aimed  to  rid  China  of  forelgn- 

.  J   .    .  2  boks'hal*.  rt.  Xaut.  To  wear  (a 

vessr:  1  of  tacking. 

b"i '» I".  .  1",  n.    Theyellowish 

x-tree,  used  by  engravers, 

kaji  I.  lie  child;  lad;  youth;  son. 

'.'.  :.  \  male  servant,  espi 

H  ientals  or  Africans, 
i  .- period  of  being  a  bo 

Boys  colter'  bOJ    l-h.  '  ■'  "r  like 

bo>  'ls!i-l>  . 
tn . \  ' <  t ,  r  r .     .  I   .    r(.      To    combine 

agair.  11. 

OS.      [< 

Boberl        27    1691      An  English  chem- 

ectures. 

.n  Ireland;  William  ill   de- 

bii)  -    toil-     . 

Bos'sa-rts,  x'/t'sa-ris  or  bo-zar'ls, 

Mai  .'it. 

b.  p..  bp ..     ','ir.    Bishop. — 

>n> ..  bpi..  B.  P.  o.  K.,  abbr.    Bcncvo- 

i;r..  abbr.     Breton, 
br.,  ither. 

■  .'boh':  2  brii'bant  or  (P.) 
now  forming  three  provinces 
on;  capital  Brussels: 
1914. 
brib':,!      .        v  IBBLB.     brab'bler   ,  n. 

hr  n    i  it  •.  Saving  the 

•  he  daws.    [  <  L.  i/raaxiu  . 
rt  <-chejj.! 
•;.    I.  it.    [i  'ma.]   1.  To 

'i  with  up.    1.  To 
•;ghtly;  make  secure  as  by  straps.    3.  In  writing  or  I 


printing,  to  join  together  by  a  brace      II.  i       I 
port.  :i ■  ol  wood  "i  metal,  i"  bold  something  firmly  in 
;  in  the  plural,  suapi  '.  k«uke  handle, 

■    IlluS    :it   in  i       :\.    \  Dp,  "r, 

m  w  riling  iiml  printing,  a  doubly  curved  line  i  - 
uniting  words,  etc     4.  ^  pair;  couple;  two  I 

.">.    \  platform  over  the  mouth  "i  a  mine- 

I.  ■  he  fon  .ii  in  in  aroh- 

: 
brae  '  l  .i  M  bleb  lira>  i 

I,   \  tonle;  stlmul 
iir.H  e  'let.   LI  2  I      Bl6t.ii      I.  An  ornamental 

band  encircling  the  wrial  or  arm.    2.  I  <  "•  -11'  •■  i  I  \  ha  ml- 
I   I 
brarh  ,  1  brafh  or  brak:  2  brach  or  brae,  n     I  id  bitch. 

■;•.  \  buntli      '  Ol  OHQ  ho,  bunt- 

1 1 1 i-r - • '  lir.n  h  'el ;. 

brach't-al,  i  brak'i-al  or  brflOu  si;  :.'  brae'l  si  <r  bra'el  si,  a, 
i  >r  .>r  pertaining  to  the  arm,  especially  the  upper  arm. 

brachl-O-,  1  bralr/i-o-;  2  brae'i-o-,  Prom  Latin  brachium, 
arm:  a  combining  form.    Brach"l-op'o-da,  n,  ;•/ 

if  molluaoold  animals  with  a  shell  of  two  valvi 
pair  of  brachial  appendages  rising  from  the  sides  ol  the 
mouth.   [  •   G  ,  fool       bracb  'l-o-pod, 

liraeli"l-op'<>-ilciiis,  a       bracli"l-ot 'o-ni)  ,  n.     Tin-  up- 
on of  cutting  on  an  arm. 
hr.K'h'1-iim,  i  brak/i-trm  nr  brtTo-um;  2  br&e'l-am  or  brft'el- 
din,  n.   |  it  it  a  cm 'i- a,  pL]    I.  The  upper  arm,  or  Its  repn 

the  In  an;,  animal.    '£.   Jliul.  A proceSB or ap[" 
bllng  an  arm.     |I,  ] 

hrarh')-,   l   lirak'i-;  2  brae'y-,     From  Greek  I 
short :  a  combining  form      bracb*)  -ce-phal  'le,  a.    Ha\  Ing 
a  short  skull  of  excessive  breadth.  bracnwy-cepb'a-lous). 

bra-eh) g'ra-phy,  n.    Stenography; shorthand,    |i   t.r. 
graphO,  write  ] 

lir.u  illK,  1  lin's'iij;  2  brfie'ing,  pa.  Imparting  tone  or 
vigor;  invigorating. 

brack't,  n.    Ball  or  brackish  water;  the  sea. 

braek't,  n.    A  break  or  rem.  a.s  In  cloth 

brack 'en,  1  brak'n;  2  brak'n,  n.  A  brake  or  other  large  fern. 
[Prob.  <  Bw.  Ornkcn,  fern.)     braeli'en;;  brack*). 

brack 'et,  1  brak/et;  2  brftk'et.  I',  it.  To  provide  with  a, 
bracket  or  brackets;  join  with  a  brace;  couple  together. 
II.  n.  1.  A  piece  projecting  from  a  wall,  as  to  sup] 
.shelf;  a  projecting  gas-fixture  or  lamp-holder,  etc.  'i. 
In  printing  or  writing:  i  1  |  <  me  of  two  marks  |  j,  used  to 
-■■  any  part  of  the  text.  (2)  A  brace.  [<  L.8P 
braca.  pi.  bracx.  breeches.) 

brack 'ish,  1  brak'ish;  2  brak'ish,  a.  Somewhat  saline; 
nauseous.     [<   D.  brah,  brackish.)     brak'ish;. 

bract,  1  brakt;  2  bract,  n.  A  modified  leaf  in  a  flower- 
cluster  or  subtending  a  flower.  (<  L,  bractea,  thin 
metal  plate]  brac'te-aj.  — brac'te-al,  a.  Relating  to  or 
like  a  bract.  —  brac'te-l-forni,  a.  Having  the  form  of  a 
bract.— brae'te-o-late,  a.  Having  bracteoles.-  brae'te- 
ole,  n.    A  diminutive  bract,    bract 'lei:,     bract 'less, «;. 

brad,  1  brad;  2  brad,  n.  1.  A  small  and  slender  nail,  hav- 
ing, in  place  of  a  head,  a  projection  on  one  side.  2.  A 
glaziers'  tack.  [<  Ice.  broddr,  spike.] — brad'=awl",  n. 
A  short.  Don-taperlng  awl,  with  cutting  edge  on  the  end. 

Brad'dock,  1  brad'ek;2  brftd'ok,  Bdward    16467-1765).    An 
English  general;  defeated  and  slain  near  Fort  Duqueene,  now 
lurg. 

Brad 'ford,  1  brad'ferd;  2  brad 'ford.  n.  1.  William  (1590- 
1667  ,  a  Pilgrim  governor  of  Plymouth  Colony,  'i.  A  manu- 
facturing borough  In  northern  England;  pop.  290,1 

Brad 'street,  l  brad'strlt;  2  brad'stret,  Simon  (1603-1697). 
Dial  governor  of  Massachusetts. 

brae,  1  bre;  2  bra.  n.  [Scot. I  A  bunk:  hillside:  slope.— brae'- 
he.id"./i.  A  hilltop. — brae'man",  n.  A  man  living  among 
hills,  especially  the  Grampians. 

brag,  1  brag:  2  brag.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [bbaoozd,  uragd8; 
BBAo'otNaJ  To  boast;  bluff;  vaunt  oneself.  II.  n.  1. 
The  act  of  bragging;  boastfillneBS;  boastful  language. 
2.  The  thing  bragged  of;  boast.  3.  A  person  who  brags. 
4.  A  game  of  cards  resembling  poker.  [<  OF.  braguer, 
brag;  orlg.l     brag'gart,    n.     A    vain   boaster, 

brag'gerj.     hr.ig'garl-l-in,  n.     The  practise  of  a  brag- 
gart; bragging,     hrag'gart-llke.  brag'gart-ly,  a. 

Bra-gan'ea,  1  bra-gun'so;  2  bra-gan'i.a.  B,  Xarne  of  the  for- 
mer Portuguese  royal  family.    Bra-gan'za;. 

Bragg,  Braxton  (1817-1876).  An  American  soldier;  general 
In  the  Confederate  arm-.. 

brag"ga-do'rlo,  1  brag'D-dO'STio;  2  brag'a-do'sho,  n.  1.  Pre- 
tent  ions  boasting.  2.  One  who  talks  boastfully;  a  swaggerer. 
[  <  lirnggadochU),  a  boastful  character  In  Spenser's  faerie 
Qveene.) 

Bra'he,  1  bru'ha:  2  brii'he,  Tycho  0546-1601).  A  Danish 
astronomer;  built  Uranlenborg  Observatory. 

Brah 'ma1,  1  bro'ma:  2  bra'ma.  n.  The  supreme  Creator; 
the  nrst  of  the  Hindu  triad.— Brah 'man,  n.    A  member  of 


1:  a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    all  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    (fhin;    go;    n  =  sina;   fhin,   this.       bowling 
109       2:wplf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cOre,   but,  bum;  fill,  boy;  &o,  gem;  ink;   thin,   tins.  brave 


the  first  of  the  four  castes  of  India:  the  sacerdotal  class. 
Brah  'mint .— Brah-man  '[or  -mln  ']Ic,  a.— Brah 'man[or 
-min-]lsm,    n.      Same    as    Hinduism.  —  Brah'man-[or 
-mln-]lst,  n. 
brali  'ma2,  n.     A  large  variety  of  the  domestic  hen,  of  the 
Asiatic  class.    [<  Brahmaputra  river.]     brah"ma-poo'[or 
-pu']traj. 
Brah"ma-pu'tra,  1  bra'ma-pu'tre;  2  bra'ma-pu'tra,  n.     A 
river  in  Tibet  and  India.— Brahmaputra  Valley,  division 
(20,869  sq.  m.;  pop.  2,450,000)  of  Assam. 
Brahms,  1  brams;  2  brams,  Johannes  (1833-1897).    A  Ger- 
man composer;  German  Requiem. 
braid,  1  bred;  2  brad.    I'1.  vt.    To  weave  together;  plait; 
bind  or  ornament  with  braid.    II.  n.    A  narrow  flat  tape 
or  strip  for  binding  or  ornamenting  fabrics;  anything 
braided  or  plaited;  as,  a  braid  of  hair.    [  <  AS.  bregdan, 
brandish,  weave,  braid.] 
braid1,  a.     [Scot.]     Broad.— braid  'claith",  n.    Broadcloth. 
brald2t,  a.    Crafty;  deceitful. 

brail,  1  brel;  2  bral.  I.  vt.  1.  To  haul  in  by  means  of 
brails,  as  sails.  2.  To  fasten  with  a  brail,  as  a  hawk's 
Wing.  II.  re.  1.  Naut.  One  of  the  ropes  for  gathering 
Up  the  foot  and  leeches  of  a  fore«and=aft  sail  for  furling. 
"2.  A  leather  fastening  for  a  hawk's  wing.  [OP.,  <  L. 
bracale,  breech=girdle,  <  bracse,  breeches.] 
braille,  1  brel;  2  bral,  re.  A  system  of  printing  for  the  blind  in 
which  the  letters  are  raised  above  the  surface;  also,  the 
letters  themselves.  [<  M.  Louis  Braille,  of  Paris,  the 
inventor.] 
brain,  1  bren;  2  bran,  vt.    To  beat  out  the  brains  of;  kill 

by  dashing  out  the  brains. 
brain,  re.     1.  Anat.  That  part  of  the  oentral   nervous 
system  that  is  within  the  skull;  hence,  mind;  intellect: 
often  in  the  plural.     2.  Zool.  The  principal  regulating 
ganglion  of  invertebrates.    [<  AS.  bregen.]    Syn.:  see  mind. 
—  brain  fever,  inflammation  of  the  brain  or  its  membranes; 
meningitis. — brain'less,  a.    Without  brain;  destitute  of  in- 
telligence; senseless,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. — brain'pan",  n. 
The  bony  case  enclosing  the  brain;  cranium;  skull.   brain'= 
box"J. — brain'sick",  a.    Mentally  disordered;  whimsical. 
-ly,  adv.    -ness,  re.— braln'y,  a.  [Colloq.,  U.  S.]  Possessed 
of  brains;  mentally  able. 
braize,  /  1  brez;  2  braz,  vt.    [braized;  braised;  braiz'- 
braise,  Jing;  brais'ing.]    1.  To  stew  (meat)  with  vege- 
tables, etc.,  and  then  bake.    2.  To  cover  the  surface  of 
(meat)  with  a  mixture  to  be  browned  as  a  crust.    [  <  F. 
bruiser,  <  braise,  embers,  <  Scand.] 
brake1,  1  brek;  2  brak,  v.    [braked;  brak'ing.]    I.  t.    1. 
To  apply  a  brake  to;  reduce  the  speed  of.    2.  To  bruise, 
as  flax.    3.  To  pulverize  with  a  harrow.    4.  To  knead. 
II.  i.    To  act  or  be  employed  as  brakeman. 
brake2  [Archaic  or  Obs.J,  imp.  of  break,  v. 
brake1,  n.    1.  A  device  for  retarding  or  arresting  the  mo- 
tion of  a  vehicle,  a  wheel,  etc.    2.  A  harrow.    3.  An  im- 
Clement  for  separating  the  fiber  of  flax,  hemp,  etc.,  by 
ruising.    4.  A  lever  for  working  a  pump  or  other  ma- 
chine.    5.  A  bakers'  kneading*machine.     6.  A  frame- 
work to  hold  a  horse's  foot  while  it  is  being  shod.     [  < 
LG.  brake,    flax=brake,  <    V  of  break,  ;>.]  — brake'man, 
brakes'man,  re.     [-men,  pi.]     One  who  tends  a  brake  or 
brakes,  as  on  a  railroad=car  or  in  a  mine. 
brake2,  re.    A  variety  of  fern;  bracken. 
brake3,   re.      A   thicket.— brak'y,   a.      Overgrown   with 

brushwood. 
Br.  Am.,  abbr.    British  America. 
Bra-man  'te,  1  bra-man'tS;  2  bra-miin'te,  Donato  d'Agnolo 

(1444-1514).    An  Italian  architect  and  painter. 

brain'bl(ep,  1  bram'bl;  2  bram'bl,  n.     The  European 

blackberry;  hence,  any  prickly  plant  or  shrub. — brain'- 

bly,  a.  [mountaliMlnch.    bram'lint. 

lira  in  'lil  inn,  1  bram'bhrj;  2  bram'bllng,  re.     The  European 

bran,  1  bran;  2  bran,  re.    The  coarse,  outer  coat  of  wheat, 

rye,  and  other  cereals,  as  separated  from  the  flour  by 

sifting  or  bolting.     [F.,  <  W.  bran,  husk.] 

branch,  1  brancfh;  2  branch.     I'.  vt.  &  vi.    To  put  forth 

branches;  separate  into  branches.     II.  n.     Diverging 

from  or  tributary  to  a  trunk,  stock,  or  main  part.    III. 

n.     1.  A  secondary  stem  of  a  tree,  shrub,  or  the  like: 

distinguished  from  limb  and  twig;  an  offshoot.     2.  A 

separate  part;  side  issue;  division;  department.     3.  A 

tributary  stream.    4.  Anything  having  an  analogy  to  a 

branch,  as  a  part  of  a  family,  a  subhead  of  a  general 

subject,    etc      [<    LL.P   branca,    claw.]  —  branch 'er, 

n.    1.  That  which  puts  forth  branches.    2.  A  young  hawk  or 

other  bird  when  li,  begins  to  perch  on  branches.— branch '- 

let,  re.    A  small  branch;  a  twig. — branch'y,  a. 

bran'chl-a,  1  bran'ki-a;  2  bran'ei-a,  n.    [-chi->e,  1  -ki-I; 

2-ci-e,  pi.]  A  gill;  especially,  in  the  plural,  gills  or  gill'l  ike 

appendages;  respiratory  organs  modified  for  breathing 

the  air  contained  in  water.     [L.,   <  Gr.  branchia,  gills, 


pi.  of  branchion.]— bran'chi-al,  a.  1.  Of,  pertaining  to, 
like,  or  situated  near  the  gills.  2.  Having  gills,  bran'- 
chi-ate$. 

brand,  1  brand;  2  brand.  I4,  vt.  To  mark  with  or  as 
with  a  hot  iron;  stigmatize;  imprint  indelibly  on  the 
heart,  mind,  or  memory.  II.  re.  A  burning  stick;  fire- 
brand. 2.  A  mark  burnt  with  a  hot  iron;  trade-mark; 
stigma.  3.  Quality;  kind.  4.  A  branding=iron.  5.  A 
sword.  [<  AS.  brand,  burning.]  Syn.:  see  blemish;  burn. 
—  brand 'cr.  1.  vt.  [Scot.]  To  broil  or  grill.  II.  re.  1.  One 
who  or  that  which  brands.  2.  [Scot.]  A  gridiron.— brand  '< 
goose",  re.  The  brant*goose.—  b.dron,  re.  1.  An  iron  for 
burning  in  a  brand,  brandingdroui.  2.  An  andiron.  3. 
A  gridiron,    i.  A  trivet. 

Bran 'den-burg,  1  bran'den-bfirH;  2  bran'd£n-burH,  re.  A 
province  of  Prussia;  15,383  sq.  m.;  pop.  4.093,000. 

bran 'died,  1  bran'did;  2  bran'did,  pi.  Mixed  or  flavored 
with  or  preserved  in  brandy;  as,  brandied  cherries. 

bran'dish',  1  bran'disli;  2  bran'dish,  vt.  To  wave,  shake, 
or  flourish  triumphantly  or  defiantly. 
Syn.:  see  shake.  —  bran  'dlsh-er,  re. 

brand '»new',  1  brand'«niu';  2  brand'»nfj',  a.  Quite  new; 
fresh  and  bright,     brail' me  W't  [Colloq.]. 

bran'dy,  1  bran'di;  2  bran'dy,  n.  [bran'dies2,  pi]  An 
alcoholic  liquor  distilled  from  wine.  [  <  D.  brandewijn, 
brandy,  lit.  burnt  wine.]     bran'dyswine"1!- 

Bran'dy-wine2,  1  bran'di-wain;  2  hriin'dy-wln,  n.  A  creek  in 
Pennsylvania  and  Delaware;  Lord  Howe  defeated  Washing- 
ton here  Sept.  11,  1777. 

bran'gl(ep§,  1  brarj'gl;  2  bran'gl,  vi.  [bran'gl(e)dp;  bran'- 
gling.]    To  brawl;  wrangle.    [Var.  of  wrangle.] 

brank,  1  brank;  2  brack,  re.    [Prov.  Eng.]    Buckwheat. 

branks,  1  branks;  2  branks,  re.  pi.  1.  A  scold's  bridle,  used 
formerly  in  Great  Britain.  2.  [Scot.]  A  wooden  bridle.  3. 
The  mumps.    [Cp.  Gael,  brancas.  kind  of  pillory.] 

bran'le,  1  bran'l;  2  bran'l,  re.    A  kind  of  dance.    [F.,  brawl2.] 

bran'=new',  1  bran'»niu';  2  bran'«nu',  a.  [Colloq.]  Quite 
new;  fresh  and  bright.     [Contraction  of  brand-new.] 

bran'ny,  1  bran'l ;  2  bran'y,  a.  Made  of,  containing,  or  like 
bran. 

brant,  1  brant;  2  brant,  re.  1.  A  small  wild  goose  (Branta 
bernicla)  of  the  coasts  of  Europe  and  eastern  North  America, 
breeding  only  within  the  arctic  circle,  coming  south  in  great 
flocks  in  autumn.  2.  Some  other  goose  of  the  genus  Branta. 
[For  brand=goose,  <  Ice.  brandgas,  <  brandr,  brand  (with 
reference  to  the  color),  +  gas,  goose.]    brant'-goose"t. 

Brant,  Joseph  (1742-1S07).  A  Mohawk  chief  who  fought 
for  the  British  against  the  American  colonists. 

brash1,  1  brasli;  2  brash,  a.  [Chiefly  U.  S.]  Brittle;  as,  a 
brash  hoop=pole.    [<  Ice.  breyskr,  brittle.]    brash'yj. 

brash2,  a.  [Colloq.]  Quicktempered;  irascible;  hasty.  [Cp. 
G.  and  D.  barsch,  harsh,  rough.] 

brash1,  re.  1.  A  transient  attack  of  sickness,  especially  one 
arising  from  a  disordered  stomach.  2.  Acidity  of  the  mouth; 
water=brash.  3.  A  rash  or  eruption.  4.  An  attack;  bout; 
brush.  [Onomatopoetic;  Influenced  by  rash,  re.  (an  erup- 
tion), SPLASH,  etc.]  [BRECCIA.] 

brash2,  re.    A  heap  of  fragments  or  rubbish.    [  <  F.  breclw;  see 

bra'sler,  re.    Same  as  brazier. 

brass,  1  bras;  2  bras,  re.  1.  An  alloy  of  copper  and  zinc, 
"  or  something  made  of  it.  2.  An  ornament  or  utensil 
of  brass,  as  a  candlestick,  door-knob,  etc.:  chiefly  in 
the  plural.  3.  The  brass  instruments  of  an  orchestra 
collectively.  4.  [Colloq.]  Impudence;  effrontery.  5. 
[Colloq.]  Money.  [<  AS.  brass.]— bras'sy,  a.  1. 
Covered  with,  made  of,  or  like  brass.  2.  Impudent;  shame- 
less.—bras'si-ly,   «(/)'.  — bras 'sl-ness,   re. 

bras'sard,  1  bras' srd;  2  bras'ard,  re.  A  piece  of  armor  for  the 
upper  arm  or  the  entire  arm.    [F.,<  bras,  arm.] 

Bras"sl-ca'ce-ie,  1  bras"i-ke'si-I;  2  bras"i-ca'ce-e,  re.  pi.  Hot. 
The  cabbage  family,  identical  with  the  mustard  family 
(Cruciferx) .  [<  L.  brasslea,  cabbage.]  — bras"sl-ca'- 
ceous,  a.  [ously. 

brat,  1  brat;  2  brat,  n.    A  child:  now  only  contemptu- 

bratch'et,  1  braCh'ct;  2  brach'et.  re.  [Scot.]  A  bracli;  In  a 
contemptuous  sense,  a  child,    bracli 'ett- 

brat'tle,  1  brat'l;  2  brat'l.  I.  vi.  [brat'tlbd;  urat'ti.ino.] 
To  make  a  rattling  or  clattering  noise;  run  With  clatter; 
scamper.  II.  re.  A  rattling  or  clattering  noise,  as  of  some- 
thing bursting  or  breaking;  as,  tiie  brattle  <>r  thunder,  or 
rapidly  moving  cattle,  or  of  blows.     [Onomatopoetic.] 

bra-va'do,  1  brs-ve'for  -va']do;  2  bra-va'[or  -vii  ]do,  n. 
[-Dosz  or  -does7-,  pi.]  Arrogant  defiance  "i  menace; 
affectation  of  reckless  bravery.  [<  Sp.  bravada,  < 
bravo,  brave.)    bra-vade't. 

brave,  1  brev;  2  brav.     I.  vt.    [braved;  beav'ing.J    To 

meet,  face,   take,  or  treat  with   courage  and   fortitude; 

defy:  dare;  challenge,  II.  o,  [bbav'er;  bhav'est.]  1. 
Saving  or  showing  courage;  intrepid;  courageous.  2||. 
Elegant;  showy;  splendid 

Syn.:  adventurous,  hold,  cblvalrlo,  chivalrous,  courageous, 
daring,  dauntless,  doughty,  fearless,  gallant,  heroic,  Intrepid, 


t.riv             1   ■               ,            »        .            i         ..'(.prfv;   II            I         D             ••       ■•     fir;   full.  rOI-- :   Lin.  I.Orn; 
|,r,  s>  .  .  I  11  •  •         '  ill  I  ,  won, 


110 


:'*-  ••*•  tr.*n 


It 


J.r  . 


It  i-\  a   r.i. 


It 


l>r.i«  I 


:  ilaunl- 
riTALM; 

.  .  :       •.'.   \  N'orth- 
LA  I  II   | 

as  •  r-> .  I.  rho  quailt)  or 

id;  bra- 

I. 

ndil      ■'.    \ 
II.  1!  wi  11  done!    {It  1 

i  \ 

.  brilliant 

pi  or  diapla) . 

or  bravely  dn 

mi  I) . 

I .  Utter  noisily;  wi.iii- 

II.         A  noisy  quar- 

I    :i   stream. 

ltion;  quarrel. 
brawl  n,  brail  I  i  i  m  - 1  > . 

bfmwtSfl     A  form  of  dance,  or  the  music  for  It.    [KF.branle, 
-!.akc.| 

dr.iMii.  ran,  n.    1.  Flesh;  firm  muscle;  strength 

.  illy  when  boiled,  p 
pressed     [OHG.°»  ftrdio.  <  crfiton,  n  i>r.i»ir>.. 

cular;  Btrong. 
br»i>.  I.  a.    Affected  With  braxy      II. 

p;  also,  a  sheep  affect  id  with 
ii1.  n] 
btmj  .  .  rf.    To  brui.sf,  pound,  or  mix,  as  in  a 

ik  ) 
It  i  .   .      1.  or  any 

■  ,  jarring  sound.      II.  Loud,   harsh 

iss.    (<  LL.OF  bragio,  cry  aloud.] 

I>r.i%    .  r. 
Bras.,  .  Brazilian. 

It  i/>    .   .  :\z,  r(.     Ihhazkh:  BRAS'lNG.]     To  make 

hr.i/'  bnulnctongs?! 

i.  '     1.  To  face  or  treat  with 

'.'.  To  '    Elite  hold  or  i 

t > r  i  /•  n.        I .  orresemb 

pudent;  ahami 
Syn_-  see  imiiom  h; rs  /in-raci",  n       \ 

person   marked    i  or    Impudence. — bra 'Ban' 

It  i   /.  n-l), 
lira  'SCSI  III 
hr a  '/)'  r.   . 

1  • 


bra'-hr 
Bra-ill'.    1    ! 


mih 


lir.i-/ll  l-.ui, 
a  A  I       Bra-/ll '  mil", 

ble  seed.*  of  a  Sou'  b 
ree. 

Br  i  /■,-. 

n     A  river  In  Texas;  950 
m  h 

hr.nh.l  brier.;    2brtdj  b.  Bnt[UiuU. 

I  I  o  make  a  I 

in;  break  through.  II. n.  1. The  act  of  breaking;  infrac- 
tion; infri:  .  lecially,  violation  of  duty,  right, 
or  legal  obligation.    2.  A  gap  or  break,  as  in  a  wall,  dike, 


BraslUnut. 

a.  ftiTvrrlcr  b  lit  opciu'l. 


Breadfruit. 


.1.  A  i  "  iblc  n  l.ii  ionn;di  ■  ■■<  u  iloo  .  qual 

i.i       breaking  i  surgi      |  - 

Miii.1'  \  break  1 

i,  ciiinK.  cleft,  orai  ravtoe,  Assure, 

flaw,  hole,  opening,  rent,  ruptui  oap; 

.ji  \iiiii  i .  hi  sn.  iii  ii  i  iii      Ant    adhesion,  oonnoo- 

ontact,  eontlgult) .  union,  unit  i 

it,  h  ii  > .  ,     i.  \pi  1,1  break  out  of  an  eneloaun    laldofllve 

■.•.  i  uii  ol  bn 

bread,     |  !  brtd,  i       in  artlole  of  f 1  made  oi 

bred  .  f  flour  or  meal:  commonly  rained  with  yen  tor  the 

like,  kneaded,  and  baked     '.'.  I  ood  in  g<  m  ml    il  o,  the 

ol  life.    |  <  as.  bre&d,  cp   dri  *  1    bread'' 

corn",  a    Grain  from  which  bread  la  made,  as  w  heal .  malae, 

In  r.ol    Irull  ■  ,  in  nil  of  :,  1 1 ,  ,■  of  t  tic 

Bouth    Be*  i  hen 

mbUna    broad; 
tree        bread  '- 
siuir",    n       Material    for 
bread;  grain,  meal,  or  Hour; 
in  the  b    i M ;i i <  - 

rials  oollectlvi  ly.     bread'' 
\(ln"inr.  (i     i  ine  n bo  tup- 

ports  himself  ami  others  by 

iiis  earnings;  a  producer, 
breadth,  j    1     bredth;     2 
bredth  .    j    1  i.   In,,   n.      1. 

M<  osure  or  distance  from 
to   ride:    widl 

( latholicity;  Liberality.   :». 

That   which   has  breadl  h; 

a  piece  of  a  fabric.     a»  .\ri.    The  impression  of  large- 
mi  comprehensiveness.    |  <  As.  br&du,  *    br&d, 
broad.]— breadth/wise,  adv.      in  the   direction   ol   the 
breadth,    breadth'waj s; . 
break,  1  brfik;  2  brfik, «.    [bboki  orBBAKi  (poet  |;bbo'« 
ki  n  or  bbokb;  hhkak'im:  1    I.  i.    1.  To  separate  into 
parts  or  make  a  fracture  in,  as  by  a  blow;  rupture  or 
-li.it ;.        .'.  i  o  I  nl  to  keep;  violate;  transgress;  infringe 
:;.  I  o  make  bankrupt.    4.  To  di  grade,  as  a  military  <>ili- 
ishier     Si  To  force  an  opening  or  entrance  into  or 
a  passage  for.    t>.  To  interrupt ;  disconnect ;  disjoin;  di- 
vide.   1.  To  make  a  cautious  disclosure  of.   8«  To  dimin- 
|J  i   force  of;  moderate;  wear  out.    9.  To  reduce  to 
discipline;  tame.    II.  i.    1.  To  become  fractured!  inter- 
rupted,  or  shattered;  burst    ''•  To  begin,  open,  or  change 
suddenly.    3.  To  lose  health,  strength,  credit,  etc.;  fail; 
bei  ome  bankrupt,    I  <  AS,  br< 
Syn.:  bankrupt,  burst,  cashier,  crack,  crush,  demolish.  <ic- 
fracture,  rend,  rive,  rupture,  sever,  shatter,  shiver. 
smash,  split,  sunder,   transgress.     To  break  Is  to  divide 
sharply .  with  severance  of  particles,  as  by  a  blow  or  strain. 
I  la  ordinarily  to  treat  by  pressure  from  Within,  as  a 
bombshell.    To  crush  Is  to  brink  by  pressure  from  without, 
as  on  eggshell.    To  crock  is  to  break  without  complete  sever- 
ance Ol   parts       FraCtUTl    has  B  somewhat   similar  sense,      A 

red  object  la  broken  suddenly  and  In  numerous  dlrec- 

as.  a  vase  Is  shattered  by  a  blow,    a  shivered  glass  is 

broken  Into  numerous  minute,  oeedle*llke  fragments,    To 

A  is  to  break  thoroughly  to  pieces  h  It  i>  a  crashing  sound 

i.     ome  sudden  act  of  violence    To  split  is  to  part,  as  wood 

in  the  way  ol  the  grain,  or  ol  other  natural  cleavage:  a  .  to 

nonvi  ni  Ion  oi  a  pan  v      i  o  ruptwrt  i  to  cause  to  part 

ti      vloU  nil-,  and  completely  than  by  explosion;  as,  to  rup- 

(ure  a  blood  \>    el     i  oi  lemolish  Is  to  beat  down,  as  a  mound. 

building,  fortress,  etc.;  to  oVi  frc*  Is  to  put  by  any  process  be- 

yond  restoration  physically,  mentally,  or  morally    Compare 

n  mi.  ki  ell  ii      '  i.i.i  i       Atit.:  attach,  bind,  fasten, 

juiii.  mend,  secure,  solder,  unite,  weld. 

break  'a-blie'',  a.    Capable  of  being  broken.    Syn.:  see 

ii       break'a-bKe-nessP,  n.     break'age,  n.     1.  A 

breaking,  or  being  broken.     •».  Articles  broken.  —  break '- 

down",  n.     1.    The  act  of  breaking  down:  a  collapse.     2. 

[r.  B.]  a  ahnflllng.  stamping  dance:  a  favorite  u  uii  negroes. 

—  break'er,  n.     1.  One  who  or  that  which  breaks.     1.  A 

wave  ol  (he  sea  that  breaks  on  a  beach,  etc.—  break 'man, 

n.    I-mkn.  i>l.\    A  brakeman.  — break'neek".    I.  a.    Likely 

to  break  the  neck;  dangerous.    II.  n.    A  steep  and  dangerous 

place,     break 'sup",  n.    The  act  of  breaking  up;  d 

lion,  disruption-  break'wa"ter,  n.     A  mole  or  wall  for 

protecting  B  harbor  from  the  force  of  waves.— to  break  a 

Jest,  to  crack  or  utter  a  Joke.  — to  b.  a  lance  with,  to  enter 

.,  - 

break,  n.     1.  An  opening  or  breach;  interruption.     2.  A 

:ng  or  opening  out;  as,  the  break  of  day.    3.  That 

which  causes  an  opening,  breach,  or  interruption.    4.  A 

high  four-wheeled  carriage  or  wagonette. 

break 'fast,  /  1  brek'fest;  2  brgk'fast.    I*,  tt.  &  vi.    To 

brck'fast",  J  give  a  breakfast  to;  eat  breakfast.    II.  n. 

The  first  meal  of  the  day. 
bream,  1  brim;  2  brfim,  tt.    To  clear,  as  a  ship's  bottom,  of 


ill 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  habitj:    aisle;    mi  =  out;    oil;    10  =  feud;    diin;    go;    0  =  sires;    fhin,   this. 
2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


brave 
brew 


shells,  seaweeds,  ooze,  etc.,  as  by  burning  reeds  against  it. 
[Cp.  BROOM.] 

bream,  re.  1.  A  European  fresh=water  fish,  with  deep,  com- 
pressed body.  2.  [U.  S.]  Any  one  of  various  fishes,  as  sun- 
fishes,  etc. 

breast,  )  1  brest;  2  brgst.    Id.  vt.    1.  To  encounter,  buffet, 

brest9,  )  or  stem;  bear  the  brunt  of.  2.  To  cover  with  the 
breast;  brood.  II.  re.  1.  The  front  of  the  chest.  2.  One 
of  the  mammary  glands;  the  bosom.  3.  The  seat  of  the 
affections,  etc.;  the  mind  or  heart.  4.  Anything  likened 
to  the  human  or  animal  breast.  5t-  Vocal  ability;  sing- 
ing voice.  [<  AS.  breost.] — breast'=bone",  re.  A  bone 
in  the  front  part  of  the  chest,  with  which  some  of  the  ribs  are 
joined;  the  sternum.  —  breast 'pin",  n.  A  brooch;  scarf*pin. 
— breast 'plate",  n.  1.  A  piece  of  defensive  plate  armor  for 
the  breast;  also,  a  metalworkers'  protective  plate.  2.  A 
strap  crossing  a  horse's  breast. — b.splow,  n.  A  turf=paring 
shovel  having  a  crosspiece  against  which  the  breast  may 
push. — t).  I ) 1 1 1 1 1 1 > .  re.  A  suction  instrument  for  drawing 
milk  from  the  breast. — b.=wheel,  re.  A  water=wheel  having 
a  horizontal  shaft  and  receiving  the  water  on  a  level  with  the 
latter. — breast 'work",  re.  1.  Fort.  A  low  temporary  de- 
fensive work,  usually  breast=high;  a  parapet.  Syn.:  see  bar- 
rier; RAMPART. 

breath,  )  1  breth;  2  brgth,  n.    1.  Air  inhaled  or  exhaled  in 

breth3,  )  respiration.  2.  A  single  act  of  respiration.  3. 
Power  to  breathe,  or  to  breathe  freely;  life;  respiration. 
4.  The  time  of  a  single  respiration;  an  instant;  breath- 
ing«time;  pause.  5.  Something  resembling  breath;  a 
zephyr;  a  rumor.  6.  Philol.  &  Phonol.  An  aspirate 
sound;  a  breathing.  [<  AS.  brseth,  breath,  odor.] — 
breath 'less,  a.  1.  Out  of  breath.  2.  Intense  or  eager.  3. 
Taking  away  the  breath.  4.  Without  breath;  dead,  -ly, 
adv.   -ness,  re. 

breathe,  1  brith;  2  breth,  v.  [breathed;  breath'inq.] 
l.t.  1.  To  inhale  and  exhale,  as  air;  respire.  2.  To  emit 
by  breathing:  often  with  out.  3.  To  utter;  suggest;  man- 
ifest. 2.  To  give  exercise  to;  overtire.  3.  To  rest,  as  for 
breath.  II.  i.  1.  To  inhale  and  exhale  air;  respire ;  to  be 
alive.  2.  To  pause  for  breath.  3.  To  move  gently,  as 
air;  exhale. — breath'a-bl(ep,  a.  That  may  or  can  be 
breathed. 

breath 'er,  1  brim'ar;2  breth'er,  re.  1.  One  who  or  that  which 
breathes.  2.  [Colloq.]  That  which  exercises  or  exhausts  the 
breath,  as  a  run. 

breath 'ing,  1  brlth'in;  2  breth'ing,  re.  1.  The  act  of  respira- 
tion; a  breath.  2.  A  gentle  breeze.  3.  Spiritual  inspiration 
or  aspiration;  also,  utterance.  4.  Time  to  take  breath.  5. 
Exercise  that  quickens  the  breath.  6.  Gram.  The  aspirate. 
Syn.:  see  alive. 

b.  rec,  abbr.    Bills  receivable. 

brec  'cl-a,  1  brecTi'i-a ;  2  brech'i-a,  re.  A  rock  made  up  of  angu- 
lar fragments  embedded  in  a  matrix  which  may  or  may  not 
be  of  the  same  nature  or  origin.  [It.,  <  F.  briche,  breach;  of 
German  origin;  cp.OHG.6rtc/ia,  breaking,  <  brechan,  break.] 

brech'am,  1  breH'am;2  breH'am,  «.  [Scot.]  A  draft=horse  col- 
lar.   [<  Gael,  braghad,  neck.] 

brech'an,  1  brek'an;2bree'an,  re.  [Scot.]  Bracken,  breck'ani. 

Breck'ln-ridge,  1  brek'in-rij;  2  brek'in-rldg,  John  Cabell 
(1821-1875).    An  American  statesman. 

Bre"da',  1  bre'da';  2  bre"da',  n.  A  town  in  southern  Nether- 
lands; pop.  27,000.  [or  embroidery. 

brede||,  1  brld;  2  bred,  n.    A  braid  or  twist;  a  piece  of  braiding 

bree,  1  bri;  2  bre,  re.  [Scot.]  Broth;  brew;  moisture,    broot. 

breech1,  1  bridh;  2  brech,  vt.  1.  To  clothe  with  breeches; 
put  into  breeches;  cover  as  with  breeches.  2.  To  whip 
on  the  breech.  3.  To  provide  with  a  breech,  as  a  gun. 
4.  Naut.  To  fasten  by  a  breeching.  5§.  To  cover  or 
stain  to  the  hilt  or  breech. 

breech,  n.  1.  The  posterior  and  lower  part  of  the  body.  2. 
The  rear  end  of  a  gun  or  cannon.  [  <  AS.  brie,  pi.  of 
broc,  breeches.] — breech '=load"er,  n.  A  firearm  the  load 
of  which  is  inserted  at  the  breech.     I). loading,  a. 

brecch'es,  1  brich'oz;  2  brlch'Sg,  n.  pi.  1.  A  garmenf  for 
men,  covering  the  waist,  hips,  and  thighs.  2.  (Colloq.] 
Trousers.  [A  double  pi.,  <  AS.  brie;  see  breech,  re.] — 
breecli'es=buoy",  n.  A  life-saving  apparatus,  consisting  ol 
canvas  breeches,  attachable  at  the  waist  to  arlng«ohaped  llfe« 
buoy,  to  be  slung  and  run  upon  a  rope  stretched  from  the 
shore  to  a  wrecked  vessel. 

breech'ing,  1  bridh'ip;  2  brfch'ing,  n.  1.  A  ho!d=back 
strap  passing  behind  a  horse's  haunches.  2.  The  parts 
composing  the  breech  of  a  gun;  also,  a  BtayTOpe  for  a 
ship's  cannon.    3.  A  flogging. 

breed,  1  brld;  2  bred,  ».  (bred;  BREEDING.]  l.t.  1.  To 
produce,  as  offspring;  beget;  hatch;  raise;  hence,  to  orig- 
inate; cause.  2.  To  hring  up;  train,  an  to  a  profession. 
II.  i.  1.  To  bear,  begot,  or  produce  young.  2.  To  be 
born;  develop;  originate.  3.  To  procure  or  promote  the 
birth  of  young:  followed  by  from.     [<  AS.  bredan,   < 


brod,  brood.]  Syn.:  see  produce. — breed 'bate"t,  re.  One 
who  stirs  up  strife.— breed 'er,  re.  1.  One  who  or  that  which 
breeds  or  produces;  author;  source.  2.  One  who  manages 
the  breeding  of  animals.  [sort  or  kind. 

breed,  n.    The  progeny  of  one  stock;  a  race  or  strain;  a 

breed 'ing,  1  brid'in;  2  bred'ing,  n.     1.  The  generating, 
bearing,  or  training  of  young.    2.  Nurture  or  its  effect; 
manners,  especially  good  manners. 
Syn.:  see  behavior;  education;  nurture. 

breeks,  1  briks;  2  breks,  re.  pi.  [Scot.]  Breeches.— breek'- 
less,  a. 

breer,  1  brir;  2  brer.  [Dial.,  Scot.,  or  Obs.]  I.  v.  To  sprout. 
II.  n.    A  sprout,  especially  of  grain.    [=  brier.]    breret. 

breeze1,  1  briz;  2  brez,  n.  1.  A  moderate  current  of  air;  a 
gentle  wind.  2.  [Colloq.]  A  flutter  of  excitement;  agi- 
tation; disturbance.  3.  A  vague  rumor;  whisper.  [<F. 
brize,  brise,  =  Sp.  brisa,  northeast  wind.]  Syn.:  see  wind. — 
breez'y,  a.  1.  Like  a  breeze;  airy;  windy.  2.  Brisk  or  ani- 
mated. 

breeze^,  re.  1.  A  gad=fly  or  a  bot=fly.  2t.  One  of  various  other 
insects.  [<  AS.  breosa,  allied  to  *brimsa  (=  G.  bremse), 
gad=fly.]    breeset;  breeze'=fly"t. 

breeze3,  re.  [Eng.]  Refuse  cinders  or  fine  coal,  used  in  burning 
bricks  in  a  kiln.    [Prob.  <  F.  braise,  hot  embers.] 

breeze1,  re.  [Eng.]  House=sweepings,  as  dust  and  other  refuse. 
[<  F.  bris,  <  brlser,  break.] 

Brem'en,  1  brem'en;  2  brem'en,  re.  State  (99  sq.  m.;  pop. 
299,000)  and  seaport  city  (pop.  247,000),  N.  W.  Germany. 

brennet,  v.    To  burn,    brynf. 

brent,  1  brent;  2  brent,  a.  [Scot.]  1.  Smooth;  unwrinkled; 
also,  high;  prominent:  said  of  the  forehead.  2f.  Lofty ;  steep. 
[<  AS.  brant,  steep.] 

brent,  re.    Same  as  brant,    brentgoose"!. 

Bres'cla,  1  bresTi'a;  2  bresh'ii,  n.  A  province  (1,806  sq.  m.; 
pop.  596,000)  and  city  (pop.  83,000)  in  Lombardy,  Italy. 

Bres'lau,  1  brez'lau;  2  bres/low,  n.  A  city  in  southeastern 
Prussia;  seat  of  a  royal  university;  pop.  512,000. 

brestt.p.    To  burst,    brastet.  [pop.  91,000. 

Brest,  1  brest;  2  brest,  n.     A  naval  station  in  N.  W.  France; 

Brest"sLl"tovsk',  1  brest*=li"tovsk';  2  brest"»H"t6vsk',  re.  A 
fortified  town  in  W.  Russia;  taken  by  Austro=German  forces, 
Aug.  26,  1915. 

Bret.,  abbr.    Breton.  [kingdom,  of  N.  W.  France. 

Bre-tagne',  1  bra-ta'nya;  2  bre-ta'nye,  n.     Ancient  Celtic 

brethet,  n.    Breath;  vapor. 

breth'ren,  1  breth'ren;  2  brgth'rfin,  n.  pi.  Brothers; 
members  of  a  brotherhood. 

Bret'on,  1  bret'an;  2  bret'on,  re.  1.  A  native  of  Brittany.  2. 
The  language  of  the  Bretons. — Bret'on,  a. 

brev.,  abbr.    Brevet,  brevetted. 

breve,  1  briv;  2  brev,  re.  1.  Mus.  A  note  equal  to  two  semi- 
breves,  or  the  sign  for  it:  now  rarely  used.  2.  A  mark  (") 
placed  over  a  vowel  to  indicate  that  it  is  short.  Cp.  macron. 
3.  A  royal  or  papal  commission  or  mandate;  brief. 

bre-vet',  1  bn-vet';  2  bre-vet'.  I.  vt.  [bre-vet'ted'1; 
bre-vet'ting.]  To  raise  to  a  specified  rank  by  brevet. 
II.  a.  Held  or  conferred  by  brevet;  holding  rank  by 
brevet;  brevetted.  III.;;  Mil.  A  commission  advanc- 
ing an  officer  in  honorary  rank  without  advance  in  pay 
or  in  command.    [F.] 

brev'l-,  1  brev'i-;  2  brev'i-.  From  Latin  brevis,  short:  a  com- 
bining form  used  in  various  scientific  words. 

bre'vi-a-ry,  1  bri'vi-e-n;  2  bre'vi-a-ry,  re.  [-riesz,  pi.] 
R.  C.  &  Gr.  Chs.  A  book  containing  the  daily  prayers 
for  the  canonical  hours.  [  <  L.  breviarium,  <  brevis, 
short.] 

bre-vier',  1  bn-vir';  2  brc-ver',  re.  A  size  of  type,  about 
8=point.    See  type.    [G.] 

This  line  is  set  in  brevier. 

brev"l-pen'nate.  I.  a.  Short^wlnged,  as  the  ostrich,  casso- 
wary, etc.  II.  re.  A  brevlpennate  bird,  as  the  auks,  guille- 
mots, etc.  [<  brevi-  +  L.  penna,  wing.]  —  brev"i-ros'- 
trate,  a.  Having  a  short  bill  or  beak.  [  +  L.  rostrum,  beuk.] 
brev"l-ros'tra!J. 

brev'i-ty,  1  brev'i-ti;  2  brev'i-ty,  re.  [-tiksz,  pi.]  1.  Tin; 
quality  of  Vicing  brief;  brief  time.  2.  Condensation  of 
language;  conciseness.    [<  L.  brevitas,  <  brevis,  short] 

brew,  1  brfl;  2  l>ru.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  make  by  fermenta- 
tion, as  ale  or  beer,  2.  To  concoct;  plot;  contrive.  3. 
To  be  in  process  of  production.  II.  n.  That  which  is 
brewed;  the  product  of  brewing.  I-  AS.  breowan.] 
Syn.:  concoct,  devise,  plot,  .scheme.-  brew 'age,  n.  The 
process  of  brewing;  a  drink  prepared  by  brewing  or  mixing; 
hence,  a  concocted  scheme;   plot,      brew 'it.  ii.     One  Who 

brews;  specifically,  one  whose  business  is  the  manufacture  of 
fermented  liquor,  brew'er-y,  n.  [-ies«,  pi.]  An  establish- 
ment for  brewing,  i>rcw'=in>iiKc"i.  brewing,  n.  1. 
Brewage.  2.  The  amount  or  liquor  brewed  at  one  time,  8. 
A  mixture;  concoction.  4.  A  gathering  of  storm-clouds.— 
brew '«wlfe",  n.    A  woman  who  brews. 


Tir.»U  ,  ,  ,  l  I  ,.  .  ,"i        ot.Ar;   full,  rOle;   I'lit,  1.0m; 

ii        i  i         gd,  1,61.  Or,  wdo,       113 


IWl   - 

I 

i 
i 

1 1 

■ 

I, mi.,     ,-i.: 

offering, 

intiques 


bri<  k.  I  .  brick* 

II.  l.  .   burnt  d  and 

5. 

•    OD.' 
It  iih.    Bristol,   r  i r » tut. 

rnlli  r .  .  II  indrri  brli  k.  I    •  r>  I 

I.rl.  kbit    . 

brick' 
kiln  brlek'- 

lirlck  l.i>  "tag, 
i.ri.  k  mork   .  brlt  k  '  yard*, 

A  p' 

i  CI  useable; 

Brittle;  fragile. 

I.ri  .l.il.  I.  [to  a  bride 

II.  tival;  wed- 

- 

I  M.. 

bride,  married  woman,  or  a 

ied.    [  <  AS.  bryd.] 

lin.1.    gf ii   .  rflm";  2  brId'$room  ,  n. 

ned.    [  <  AS.  brjtl, 
br:  ■;■  in. I 

brides'nuUd  .  2  brlda^mad*,  n     A  young 

ide  at  ber  wedding. 
bgMc  m  i1 
brides,  i  n  :i  1 1 .  m;  2  brids/man,  n.    A  grooms- 

liruli-  'iii.in    . 
bride 'well,  61,  n.    A  house  of  cornel  inn; 

a  to  .  I.'. ml. hi  | 

bridge,  I.  •(.    (hkidi.H);  bhtdg'ihq.]    To 

■. .  r;  pass. 

III.  I  pa  -sage  across  a 

- 
'.'. 


.  rli  il 
bridg.  \\  ii.  i'- 
itODI  '-     Ii  il  line 

bridge  bridge 'frmfd*1,  »,    The 

brldge'<ward"  .  '.      The  duel  ward 

of  a  >  .        wii-t",  n.     a  variety  of  the  game  ol 


un  d 


it    pop    102.000 

In  8  W.i  on- 
-iN  i  :  523).  A  patroness 
-i    llrlglt:. 

[bbi'dued;  bbi'duhg  1    I. ' 

•  tin  '.r  govern.    II. 

■    «  in  the  chin,  through  re- 

-     BDUK. 

including  liit 
i  movement. 

I  'die  rpatfa  •>.,  oniv  wide  ■ 

-vn.:  see  way. 

-  allle.blt    and 

Independently  of.  the 

curh-Mt  and  It-  I  •  Be,  bit,   <  bride, 

bridle.  HO,  bridle.] 


Brlilji'p.irt. 
grid7! 

bridle,  1  bra 
i 
i      I 

■ 
bri'dlt  i 


brl-d. 


I.rl.  I.  I  .     '        I      ■  pit  II 

I.  Short  in  time 

i .  limited     III.  'i 

I.    \ 

mill.  '  V  lettei  from 

rmnl  than  ■  bull      '       I     '     ■,    •     I 

iukxt;  (noun  ternKKTcii  brief 'leas,  a  Having  no  brletl 
orelli  i.ri,  i  i> .  brief'neat, 

ii r  i  .  iw  •.  i  t.rr.iir.  d Bern canton,  swit- 

iiri'er.  ]  bral  >r;  2  brt'er,  n,    1.  A  prickly  bush  or  ahrub, 

■     ■  i      .'.    \ 

■  brior-root      [  •     V-   bri  I  ]    brl'.ir   . 

hrii-r  •rin.i".  ■.      i  be  riM.t  ,.f  tin-  white  ot  tree  beath 

pe,  used  in  making  tobaeoo»plp<        b.< 

woo  i .  ■     i  tie  wood  ol  the  brler»rooi  or  »  pipe  made  from  it. 

bri'er-y,  a      i  all  ..r  brlere;  priokly,  as  "itii  briera  or 

thorns       brl'cr-)    baulk"',  n  i. .  strip  of  tin- 

plowed  ground       hrrer-lr-haulk"t. 

brig',  1  .  n      A  two*masted  ■quarcrigged  Ves- 

sel.    (  Vl.l.r    ..I  BBIOAM  mm    | 

brig  .  Idge  hrigg:. 

it  rite. .  abbt     Brigade,  brigadier 

I.ri--  id.    .  2   bri- 

UiL      I.  if       [llltl-i,  Mi- 
ll., urn-.. M.'is.. )    To  form 
into  ■  brigade.   II. 
I .      \  t. iroe  of 
two  ..r  more  regi- 
ments commanded 
by    a      brigadier* 
general.     ''.    kny 
considerable  body 
el  persons  more  ..r 
I —  organist  d;  :i-. 
:i  fir&brioade.    [F.J 
briu'a-dlcr',   1   bng'e-dlr';  2  brlfa^eV,  n.     Mil.     A 
genera]  officer  who  commands  :i  brigade.    brigadier* 
general J. 
brig'and,  1  brig' and;  2  brlfand,  n.    A  robber;  a  bandit: 
a  band  of  outlaws  and  plunderers.  [F.J 
Syn.:  see  bobbkb.— brtg'and-age,  n.    1.  Robbery,  as  by 
bands,    8.  Brigands  collectively. 
brlg'an-dlne,  l  brlg'en-dln  m  -data;  \i  brlg'an-dln  at  -<iin,  n. 
Ueval  coal  ol  mall  made  ol  metal  plates,  scales,  <>r 
rings,  sewn  upon  linen,  leather,  or  the  like.    [Ol  i 
hrlif  .in-tlne,  1  brig'mi-tin;  2  brig'an-tm.  n.    A  two>masted 
,  l>rlg>rlgged  except  for  a  fore-and-aft  mainsail.    [<  F. 
briganlin] 
brlgget.n.    Abridge,    brljrct ;  brlggt. 
bright)  1  limit;  2  brit,  a.    l.  Emitting  or  reflecting  much 
Light;   shining;   sparkling,      'i.    Pi  ing    or   showing 

quick  intelligence  or  sparkling  wit;  quick-witted.     :i. 

Pull   Of   or   marked   by   gladness,   prosperity,   or   hope; 

cheery;  auspicious.  4.  Illustrious;  glorious,  5.  Of  bril- 
liant color;  clear  and  transparent.  |  <  A.S.  beorltt,  briht, 
bright.)  — bright  Tj .  odi  bright  'neSS,  ; 
Syn.:  beaming,  brilliant,  burnished,  cheerful,  cheering, 
.  effulgent,  Hashing,  gleaming,  glorious,  glowing,  lumi- 
nous, lustrous,  radiant,  refulgent,  resplendent,  shining, 
BparkUng,    splendid,    Minn-.'.    Bunsblnj  eebfttl; 

clxvbb;  rsBBH;  happy;  intki.i.iui-.nt:  vivid.  Compare 
at  i  «!.--,  ai  i  li  101  s;  light;  sagacious. — 

Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  dark. 
bright,  n.    Brilliancy;  splendor;  bright 
Bright,  ».     I.John  (1811—1889),  an  English  Quaker,  states- 
man, and  tree-trade  advocate.     >.  Klebard  (1789-1858),  an 
Bright  V   disease  (/',//• 
'irl/.'l  lc.  degeneration  of  the  kidneys  arid  Imperfect 
elimination  of  uric  acid  from  tin- system. 
bri^lil 'en,  1  broit'n;  2  brlt'n,  vt.  &  ri.    To  make  or  be 
bright  or  brighter;  illuminate;  cheer;  distinguish. 
Brlgh  'ton,  1  bral'tan;  2  brl'ton.  n.    A  borough  In  B.  England; 

a  pop  pop  131 ,000. 

brlle,  1  I, mil;  2  brll,  rl.    tProv.]    To  broil. 
brill.  1  brll;  2  brll,  n.     A  OatOsh  ol  Europe,  related  to  tht. 

turbOt.     [Proh.   <  Corn    lirt/tl,  mackerel.         I, 

bririlanec,    j  1  bril'yens,  -yen-m;2  brll'yanr;,  -yan-cy,n. 
bririiaii-ey,  (The  quality  of  being  brilliant;  brightness; 

luster 
brll'liant,  1  bril'yant;  2  brll'y.mt.    I.  a.    1.  BparkUng  or 

glowing  with  luster  or  light;  very  bright  '{.  .-howy;  ac- 
complished; illustrious;  splendid.  II.  ii.  1.  A  diamond 
of  the  finest  cut.    'i.  The  smallest  size  of  type.    SeeTYPB. 

TbU  line  U  Mt  Id  brilliant. 

[<  F.  brlllanl,  ppr.  of  brWn,  sparkle]  Synj  see  bright.— 
brU'llant-l>,  adz.  —  brll'llant-ness,  n. 


1:8  =  final;    I  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cllin;    go;    T}  =  B\ng;    fhin,   this. 
113        2:  wolf,  do;  book,  boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


brewls 
Broglie 


bril'llan-tlne,  1  brll'yan-tln;  2  brll'yan-tJn,  n.  1.  A  rich 
dress-fabric  resembling  alpaca.  2.  A  mixture,  as  of  castor* 
oil  and  perfume,  used  to  impart  a  gloss  to  the  hair. 

brim,  1  brim;  2  brim.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [brimmed,  brimd8; 
brim'ming]  To  fill  or  be  filled  to  the  brim.  II.  n.  The 
rim  of  a  cup;  the  margin  of  a  river;  a  projecting  rim,  as 
ofahat.  [AS.6rim.surf]  Syn.:  see  bank;  margin. — brim'- 
ful",  a.  Full  to  the  brim,  brim  'full";  :  brlm'raingi. — 
brlm'mer,  h.    A  brimming  cup. 

brim 'stone,  1  brim'ston  or  -stan;  2  brim'ston  or  -ston,  n. 
1.  Sulfur.  2.  A  spitfire;  scold.  [ME.  brennen,  burn,  + 
ston,  <  AS.  slan,  stone.) 

brind'ed,  1  brind'ed:  2  brind'ed,  a.  Irregularly  streaked. 
[<  Ice.  brand r.]    brln'dled't-  [of  S.  E.  Italy. 

Brln  'dl-sl,  1  brln'dl-zl;  2  brin'di-sl,  n.    A  seaport  (pop.  25,000) 

brin'dl(ep,  1  brin'dl ;  2  brin'dl.  I.  a.  Brindled.  II.  n.  A 
brindled  color,  or  a  brindled  animal. 

brin'dl(e)d2P,  1  brin'dld;2  brin'dld,  a.  Tawny  or  grayish 
with  irregular  streaks  or  spots;  also,  barred;  streaked. 

brine,  1  brain;  2  brln,  n.  Water  strongly  impregnated 
with  salt;  sea-water;  the  ocean;  tears.  [<  AS.  brync, 
salt  liquor] — brlne'-pan",  n.  A  pan  in  which  brine  is  evap- 
orated in  salt-making. — b.splt,  n.  A  salt-spring,  or  a  well 
the  water  of  which  yields  salt  on  evaporation. — brln'ish,  a. 
— brln'y,  a. 

bring,  1  brirj;  2  bring,  vt.  [brought;  bring'ing.]  1.  To 
convey,  carry,  or  conduct  to  or  toward  the  place  where 
the  speaker  is,  or  is  to  be,  or  is  thought  of  as  being;  cause 
to  come;  fetch.  2.  To  influence;  persuade.  3.  To  cause; 
produce;  yield;  return;  render.  4.  To  exchange  for; 
fetch  as  a  price.  [<  AS.  bringan.]  Syn.:  see  carry. — to 
bring  to.  1.  To  resuscitate,  as  from  a  swoon.  2.  To  bring 
(a  ship)  up  to  the  wind.  3.  To  cause  (a  ship)  to  lie  to,  as  by 
a  shot  across  her  bows. — bring'er,  n. 

brink,  1  brink;  2  brink,  n.  1.  The  verge  of  a  steep  place, 
or  of  a  dangerous  condition,  action,  event,  or  time.  2. 
The  margin  of  any  water;  bank;  shore.  [  <  Dan.  brink, 
verge.)    Syn.:  see  bank;  margin. 

brl-quei',  1  bn-ket';  2  bri-ket',  n.  A  block  of  coal-dust,  used 
as  fuel;  also,  a  slab  of  artificial  stone.    [F.]    brl-quette't. 

Bris'bane,  1  briz'ben;2  bris/ban,  n.  A  seaport  (pop.  143,000), 
capital  of  Queensland,  Australia. 

BrI-se'ls,  1  brai-si'is;  2  brl-se'is,  n.  In  Homer's  Iliad,  Achil- 
lcs's  concubine,  seized  by  Agamemnon. 

brisk',  1  brisk;  2  brisk,  v.  1. t.  To  make  lively;  animate: 
with  up.  II.  »'.  To  become  brisk  or  lively:  with  up. 
brisk  'ent- 

brisk,  1  brisk;  2  brisk,  a.  1.  Moving,  acting,  or  taking 
place  rapidly;  quick,  sprightly,  or  vivacious;  spirited; 
lively.  2.  Sharp  or  stimulating;  effervescent.  3f. 
Gaily  dressed.  [Prob.  Celt.)  Syn.:  see  active;  alert; 
alive;  nimble. — brisk 'ly,  adv.  —  brisk'ness,  n. 

bris'ket,  1  bris'ket;  2  bris'ket,  n.  The  breast  of  an  ani- 
mal.   [  <  OF.  bruschet.] 

bris'tle,  1  bris'l;  2  bris'l,  v.  [bris'tled,  bris'tldp;  bris'- 
tling.]  I.  t.  To  erect  as  or  like  bristles;  cover  as  with 
bristles;  make  bristly;  excite;  irritate;  agitate.  II.  i.  1. 
To  be  thickly  beset,  as  with  bristles.  2.  To  erect  the 
bristles;  show  anger:  often  with  up.  3.  To  become  erect 
like  bristles. 

bris'tle,  n.  A  coarse,  stiff  hair,  as  of  swine.  [ME.  bristle, 
berstle,  dim.  of  AS.  byrsl,  bristle.)  —  brls'tly,  a.  Having  or 
resembling  bristles. 

Bris'tol,  1  bris'l. ;>1;  2  bris'tol,  n.  A  seaport  (pop.  357,000)  in 
southwest  England. — Bristol  Channel,  an  arm  of  the 
Atlantic,  between  Wales  and  S.  W   England, 

brls'toh board",  1  bris'l al-bord";  2  brls'tol-bOrd",  n.  A  fine 
quality  of  calendered  cardboard.    [  <  Bristol  (English  city).) 

Brit.,  abbr.     Britain,  Britannia,  Brltannica,  British 

Brlt'aln,  1  brit'in;  2  brlt'an,  n.  The  Island  of  Great  Britain, 
especially  the  southern  part  of  It,  prior  to  the  Anglo-Saxon 
conquest;  a  province  under  the  Romans. 

brl-tan'ni-a,  1  bn-tan'i-a:  2  bri-tan'1-a,  n.  1.  An  alloy  of  tin 
with  copper  and  antimony.  Britannia  metal*.  2.  [B-| 
[Poet]  The  United  Kingdom  of  fJreat  Britain:  formerly 
England  and  Wales;  also,  a  female  figure  symbolic  of 
them. 

Brl-tan'nlc,  1  bn-tan'lk;  2  brl-tan'Ic,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
Great  Britain.    [  <  L.  Britanntcus.] 

Brlt'l-clsin,  1  brlt'i-slzm:  2  brlt'l-clsm,  n.  A  word  or  exiires- 
slon  characteristic  of  Great  Britain  or  the  British.  Brlt'lsh- 
Isml;  Brlt'tl-clsmt. 

Brit'ish,  1  brit'isri;  2  brlt'ish.  I.  n.  Pertaining  to  Great 
Britain, the  United  Kingdom, or  the  British  empire,  Bri- 
tan'nlct.  U.n.  I.  pi.  The  people  of  Great  Britain  or  of 
I  he  British  Empire.  2.  The  language;  of  the  ancient  Britons 
[<  AS.  Bryttisc,<  Bryttas.  Britons.)      British  America,  the 

British  possessions  In  North  America,  comprising  Canada, 
Newfoundland,  and  Labrador;  also.  In  a  wider  sense,  .ill  i  be 
British  possessions  on  the  American  continent,  comprising, 
besides  those  already  named,  the  Bermudas,  British  Guiana, 


British  Honduras,  and  the  British  West  Indies.— B.  Colum- 
bia, a  western  province  of  Canada;  355,855  so.  m.;  pop. 
392,480.— B.  Empire,  the  United  Kingdom,  with  its  col- 
onies and  dependencies;  more  than  11,500.000  sq.  m.  — 15. 
Honduras,  a  crown  colony  in  Central  America;  8,598  sq.  m.; 
pop.  40,508.— B.  Isles,  Great  Britain,  Ireland,  Isle  of  Man, 
and  the  Channel  Islands. — Brlt'ish-er,  n.  A  native  or  sub- 
ject of  Great  Britain;  a  British  soldier. — Brlt'ish-ism,  n. 
See  Briticism. 

Brit.  Mus.,  abbr.    British  Museum. 

Brit'on,  1  brit'an;  2  brit'on,  n.  1.  One  of  the  ancient 
Celtic  people  of  Great  Britain.  2.  A  native  or  citizen  of 
Great  Britain. 

Brlt'ta-ny,  n.    Same  as  Bretagne. 

brit'tle,  )  1  brit'l;  2  brlt'l,  a.    Liable  to  break;  fragile.  [  < 

brit'F,    ]  AS.  brebtan,  break.] — brit'lle-ness,  n. 

brltz  'ska,  1  brits'ka;  2  brits'ka,  n.  A  light,  four-wheeled  Rus- 
sian traveling-carriage  with  calash  top.  [<  Pol.  bryceka, 
dim.  of  bryka.  freight-wagon.]    bret  I ; . 

brlzet,  n.    The  breeze-fly. 

Bro.,  abbr.    [bros.,  pi.)    Brother. 

broach,  1  brocb;  2  broch.  IKvt.  1.  To  mention  or  intro- 
duce (a  matter) ;  make  public.  2.  To  tap,  as  a  cask.  3f. 
To  spit;  transfix.  II.  n.  1.  A  boring-tool;  reamer.  2. 
A  brooch.    [<  LL/  broca,  spike.)    Syn.:  see  publish. 

broad,  1  bred;  2  brod.  I.  a.  1.  Extended  in  lateral  mea- 
surement; of  unusual  width;  wide;  expanded;  vast.  2. 
Of  wide  range,  sympathy,  etc.;  widely  diffused;  compre- 
hensive; catholic;  liberal;  tolerant.  3.  Strongly  dialec- 
tal; rude  and  vigorous,  as  speech.  4.  Strongly  defined; 
plain;  clear.  5.  Loose;  indelicate;  bold.  6.  Denoting 
the  chief  features  of  a  thing.  7.  Phon.  Very  wide  open : 
said  of  a  vowel  sound.  II.  n.  1.  The  broad  part  of  any- 
thing. 2.  A  former  English  gold  coin.  See  broad-piece. 
III.  adv.  In  a  broad  manner;  broadly;  fully.  [<  AS. 
brad.]    Syn.:  see  large. 

— broad  'ax",  n.  An  ax  with  broad  edge  and  short  handle. 
broad  'axe"i.— broad  'brim",  n.  1.  A  hat  with  a  broad 
brim.  broad '=brlm"mert.  2.  [Colloq.]  A  Friend  or 
Quaker.  —  broad '-brimmed",  a. — broad'east".  I.  vt.  To 
cast,  scatter,  or  disseminate  widely.  II.  a.  Cast  or  scat- 
tered abroad,  as  seed.  III.  n.  Agric.  A  casting  or  scattering 
of  seed,  etc.,  over  the  ground.  IV.  adv.  By  scattering  abroad, 
or  so  as  to  scatter  abroad  or  disseminate. — B.  Cburch,  the 
liberal  wing  of  the  Church  of  England,  or,  by  extension,  of 
any  church. — B.schurchlsm,  n  l!.=<  iHirchnian,  «.— 
broad'cloth",  n.  A  fine  quality  of  black  cloth.— b.sgage, 
a.  1.  Having  a  gage  wider  than  the  standard  gage  of  56'/2 
Inches:  said  of  a  railway.  2.  Broad-minded,  b. :gage<l ',. — 
broad  'Ish,  a.  Somewhat  broad .— broad  'ly,  adv.— broad  '- 
ness,  n. — broad  piece,  n.  An  English  gold  coin  of  James 
II. — b.  seal,  the  official  seal  of  a  government.  —  broad  '- 
side".  I.  n.  1.  All  the  guns  on  one  side  of  a  man-of-war, 
or  their  simultaneous  discharge;  any  sweeping  attack.  2.  A 
vessel's  side  above  the  water-line.  3.  A  large  sheet  of  paper, 
printed  on  one  side,  broad 'sheet"!.  4.  The  broad  un- 
broken surface  of  anything.  II.  adv.  With  the  broadside 
turned,  presented,  or  exposed. — broad'sword",  n.  A  sword 
with  a  broad  cutting  blade  and  obtuse  point.  — broad 'wise, 
adv.  In  a  direction  across  the  breadth,  broad  'way  Xi 
broad  'waysj. 

broad 'en,  1  bred'n;  2  brod'n,  vl.  &  vi.  To  make  or  be- 
come broad  or  broader. 

Brob'dlng-nag,  1  brob'din-nag;  2  br6b'ding-nag,  n.  The 
giant's  country  in  Swift's  Gulliver's  Travels. — Brob"(llng- 
nag'i-an,  a.  &  n.    Brob"<lig-nag'l-ant. 

bro-cade',  1  bro-ked';  2  bro-cad'.  I.  vt.  [nRO-CAD'EDd; 
bro-cad'ing.]  To  weave  or  work  with  a  raised  pattern; 
decorate;  adorn,  as  with  brocade.  II.  n.  A  silken  fabric 
woven  with  raised  figures.  [<  LL.lt+'si'  broca,  stake.] — 
bro-cad  'ed,  a. 

bro'eagc,  1  bro'kij;  2  brO'cag,  n.    Brokerage;  brokage. 

broc'a-tel,  1  brok'e-tel  or  bro'kB-tel;  2  br6c'a-t£l  or  bro'ca- 
tel,  n.  A  coarse  brocaded  or  figured  fabric  of  silk  and  wool  or 
cotton  or  the  like.  [<  F.  brocalellc,  <  It.  broccato;  see  BRO- 
CADE, n.]    broe'a-tellet. 

broc'CO-II,  1  brok'o-h;  2  br6c'o-ll,  n.  A  hardy  variety  of  cab- 
hage  resembling  (•.■nilillipuri-       [li  .  /■  •■■■■■.   sec  BROCADE.) 

broe'o-llt. 

brochet,  n.    Same  as  brooch*. 

bro-ehure',  1  bro-shur';  2  bro-chur',  n.     A  pamphlet; 

slight  sketch.     [F.l 
brock,  1  brok;  2  br6k,  n.     1.  A  badger.     2.  [I'rov.  Eng.]  A 

foul,  dirty  fellow.    [  <  AS.  broc.) 
Brock 'en,  1   brnk'en;  2  brok'fin,  "•     A  mountain  famous  for 

Its  "specter,"  caused  by  shadow  cast  on  clouds.     Sec  IIakz. 
Brock 'Ion,  ]  brok'tiin,  2  brok'lon,  n.     A  City  In  E.  Massacliu- 

setts;  pop  57,000. 
bro'gan,  1  bro'gan;  2  bro'gan,  n.     A  coarse,  heavy  shoe. 

[<  Gael   brOgan,  dim.  Of  brtlg.  shoe.) 
Bro"glle',  1   bro'lyl';  2  bro'lyC  Achllle  Charles  l,i r 

Victor,  Due  tie  (1785-1870).  A  French  statesman. 


tuii  i  intrr 


feM 


I  >        ,  1  i         ,.  .         n'.flr;  full,  rOle;   lint,  bftrti; 

.  i     ■        ■  i  0     0     0       6a,    114 


s 


lir,.| 

I 
1 1 . 

1 

I .    I    ■    .     •   f.ir  broiling     2. 
i  broil* 

■    torrid.— 

■ 


hr.>k 
bra  i 


■  i  &  pa.    1. 
•  urcd ;  shattered;  rup- 

■  r  .-pint ;  bumbled;  con- 

■  ■  lined.    4.  Made  m- 
.">.  ir   dis- 

I  te  or  fortune; 

7.  plete  or  interrupted,  as 

h.  teed,  as 

I  I,  or   irregular;   a>,    broken 

ma.    |  <  AS 

lir.i   k.  ii  down',  a.     Hroken  In  health 
ors'."  'li-composed. — 

b. •hearted,  mitl   In  spirit,  as  by 

aom>»       hr.i  kiti-l> .  broken  man  [Scot.],  an  out- 

la*,  (umbo  iiro'krii-nc--.,  •.      broken  rlet- 

ual«.  '-  -•  ol  food.-  broken  -winded,  a.    Habitually 

short  of  breath, 
hrn  k>r.  1  -i.     1.  One  who  b>; 

■i-    'if.  A  procurer.     (AS. 
hro'ker-age,  n.    The  business  or  commission 
-'iker. 
bro  nil.   1  ma.  n.     1.  The  dry  powder  of 

cacao-seed-  I :  also,  a  bev- 

erag  m.     '■!.  Med.  Solid  food.     [< 

liri>"in.t-ti>ic'ra-phy,  n.   .\(cd.    A  sclen- 
-oeapht.]    bro-mog'ra-ph>  :. 
■u-t'il '!>-«> .        I .  Kromatography.    2.  The  science  of 
alimentation.     [+  -logt.) 

•i.  A  colorless  liquid 
.    r'-sembllnc  chloral,   with  a   pungent    taste  and 
•  d    by   the  action  of  bromln  on 
alcohol. 
bro  niate,   1  br&'rie  I  [BBO'HAT-KD;  BBO*- 

m;-:'.'.!     To  combine.  ith  bro- 

il    •  romlc  acid, 

bro 'mid.    I  1  bi    'rrud,  -mid  or  -maul;  2  brO'mid,  -mid  or 
brn  iiiidf.  .ijd  of  brominwith  an  ele- 

■ 

brn'miii.  mm,  -nun  or  -rnln;  2  brO'min,  -min  or 

firn  'mi  in  .  m    A  dark  reddish'brown,  non* 

•   with  a  suffocating  odor.     See 

mo  .  -terie|,  j     hro'mlc,  a.    i  it, 

per-  .  mtalnlng  bromln. 

t> r • . 1 1  i  M-.  A  combining  form.    Same 

i-i.  -:\.  n.  pi.    Annt.   The  larger 

.,.:•;■  •--■-;.■•  -     '■■•■      .:.-•-    -ubdlvLslons  of  the  bronchi      [I.I.  . 

rjplpe.] 
brnn  i  tii-al.    .  -al.  a.     '  >i  or  per- 

— bron- 
chial tube..  wo  subdivisions  of  the  trachea  convey- 
1ns  ■ 
brnii-i  hi   ii-.  .  -Id'tis;  2  tirorj-'i'tis  m  -el'- 

t .r'.rie-liial  ti. 

linni-<  bit  'ii  . 

bron'ilio-.         -       f.it-.  2  bron/eo        I  bronchos, 

I  •        bron'eho-eete,  n     Pathoi. 

the  thyroid  gland:  goiter.     [  4-  Or. 

brnii-i  lint  i>-in) .  trg   The  operation  of 

man  ''imy.    [+  Or. 

hronihu-.  |  nrorj'kas:  2  bron'<-1is.  n.    Win.  1-kril;  2-ci.  pi.) 
Aw  [the  two  subdivisions  of  the  trachea  convey- 

the  lungs. 
bfMl'ee,  2  bror/co,  n.    (TJ.  8.]    A  native  horse; 

■  ng.    [<  Sp.  bronco,  rough  ]    bron'rhot. 
Bron  'te",  1  bren'tf;  2  bron't?,  n.    One  of  three  English  novel- 


peolaUy 

■  lie   (1810     IS 

iir..n   lo-aau'rua,  1   brou't  ti      A 

•  l  in  reptile  found  fo  > 

lliard  I 

Itroni.  \  .  ounl '.   Of  8    I      New    ^  cirk. 

ough  •■!  \'  .i   ">  oi 

lirnll/    ,•    .    1    ■  I.  i   liuN/.'- 

i\c  I    To  harden  or  color  like  bronw  .  brown;  t  u 

lively     II.  n     A  reddiah'brown  alloy  of  oop- 
■    made  of  it;  a  bn 
imnt     I  •    i  'Hi .  brown.]     bron'iy,  a. 

brooch,  1  i.i.n'ii  or  bruch;  2  broch  or  brooch,  fi      Lbrt  i  i 

pin      |        BRO  mm.  n  I 

br I*,  1  hind.  2  brood,  i     1*1     To  cover  with  bod 

bird  its  young;  cherish;  nune     II.        I .  To 
■  ■  bird,  "ii  eggs  "r  ot  er  il 
lung  or  moodily.    85  i 
brood,  ti      I.  UJ  the  young  bird  batching;  all 

the  young  "i  the  same  female;  young  creatures  collec- 
tively; offspring;  progeny.    -•  Species;  kind.  race.    |< 

brook  ,  1  liruk;  2  brdok,  tt.     I.  To  put  up  with;  endure; 

tolerate       •;.  bfi  |     To  make  use  of  <>r  enjoy; 

-.  proilt  by.     [<   AS.  Iirucnn,  use,  enjoy.]     s' 

1  .Mil   UK. 

brook,  ii  A  small  natural  stream;  a  rivulet.  |<  AS. 
tV<5r.  brook]  Sill..-  see  siiuwi  brooklet,  'i  A  little 
brook. 

Brook 'line,  1  bruk'kiln;  2  brook'IIn.  n.  A  town  (pop.  28.000) 
In  lyftmiu  liuwrils.  near  Boston. 

BriKik'l>  ii.  1  bruk'lm;  2  bniiikMyn.  n.  Former  city,  now  a 
borough  (pop.  1,808,101)  or  New  Yor'. 

Brooks,  IbrOJ  PbOlipi       186    1808).     An  Ameri- 

can divine  and  writer;  bishop  of  Maaaachusi  ti 

broom,  1  brum;  2  broom,  n.    1.  A  brush  attached  to  b 

long  handle  for  sweeping.      '».  Any  .-liruli  of   tie    Lean 

family,  with  stiff  green  branches,    j  <  AS.  imnn,  broom; 

orlg.  a  kind  of  shrub.]     broom  'scorn",  n.     A  canc>llke 

of  which  brooms  are  in  ei<       broom  stick",  n.    The 

handle  of  a  broom,     broom  'staff":.-    broom 'y,  a. 
brose.   1    liro/;  2  bros.  n.     [Sent]      Porridge  hastily  made  by 

pouring  boiling  water,  or  sometimes  milk,  in  el  broth,  <>r  the 
like,  on  meal,  and  stirring  them  together.  [<  Gael,  brvthas] 
brooset.    bro'ay,  a. 

broth,  1  broth;  2  broth,  n.    A  fluid  food  made  by  boiling 
Beah,  vegetables,  etc  .  in  water;  a  thin  or  strained 
[AS.]  (Mi:,  'initial,  lewd  person.] 

broth 'el,  l  brefh'al;  2  br6th'ci,  n.    a  house  of  prostitution. 

broth 'er,  1  bnrth'ar;  2  brdtii'er.  I.  <i.  To  make  a 
brother  of;  admit  to  brotherhood;  call  brother.  II.  n. 
[hhhth'kks  or  Hiti.i  li'iu.N.  /»/ ]  1.  A  son  pi  the  same 
parents  or  parent.  -.  One  closely  united  with  another 
or  others,  as  by  religious,  political,  or  family  DOE  I 
used  adjectivally.     [<  AS.  brithor .] — broth 'er-hood, 

n  I  raternal  relationship,  a  society  or  fraternity-  broth'- 
erdndaw",  n.  A  brother  of  a  husband  or  wife,  a  sister's 
husband,  or  a  wire's  sister's  husband.  Brother  Jonathan 
[Humorous],  the  people  or  the  United  States  collectively: 
said  to  in-  from  w  ashlngton's  frequent  alia  Iod  to  Jonathan 
Trumbull  by  this  name,  full  or  whole  brother,  one  hav- 
ing the  same  parents  as  another.  — half  b.,  one  having  a 
common  parent  broth'er-ly,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  like  a 
brother;  fraternal  S.vn.:  see  kkikndly.  —  broth 'cr-ly,  adv. 
broth 'er-ll-ness,  a. 

brou-ette',  l  bru-ef ;  2  bru-6f ,  n.  1.  A  small  two-wheeled 
carriage,  'i.  a  type  of  closed  motor«vehlcle  for  four  passen- 
[FJ 

hrough'am,  1  bru'sm;  2  bru'am,  n.  A  close  four* 
wheeled  vehicle  for  two  or  four  persons.  [  <  Lord 
Hrnu'/liam.] 

Brongb'am,  1  bro'sm; :.'  brS'am,  Henry,  Lord  (1778-1868). 

A  British  i.ord  Chancellor,  writer,  and  statesman, 
brought,  1  brat;  :,'  brot,  Imp.  a-  pp.  ol  bbqjo,  b. 

brow{,  1  bmu;  2  brow.  a.     TO  form  the  brow  of;  bound. 
brow,  /I       1.  The  front  upper  part  of  the  head;  the  fore- 
head; the  eyebrow;  the  countenance  ill  general.     2.  The 

upper  edge  of  a  cliff  or  the  like     [  <  AS. '«.] 
brow 'beat",  1  brau'blt" :  2  brow'bSt",  vt.    [bbow'bbat'; 

BBOw'beAT*EK;    BBOW^BEAT"iN0.1       To    intimidate    by 

overbearing  manner;  cow;  bully.    S.vn.:  see  frighten. 
brOWTi,]  braun;2brown.    I.rf.&ri.    To  make  or  become 

brown;  bronze;  tan.  II.  a.  <)i  the  dusky  or  tawny 
color  known  as  brown.  III.  n,  A  dark  color,  shading 
toward  red,  yellow,  or  black,  84  the  color  of  faded  leaves; 
also,  a  pigment  or  dye  used  to  produce  il  ;  B  thing  or  part 
that  is  brown.  [  <  AS.  brin.]  —  brown ';bess",  n.  The 
bronzed  flint«muskct  formerly  used  in  the  British  army. — 
brown 'bill",  n.  A  halberd,  painted  brown,  formerly  used 
by  English  foot»soldlers.— brown  coal,  same  as  lignite.— 


1: 9  -  final;    1  =  habit^    aisle;    nu  =  owt;    ell;    IQ  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    Q  =  Bing;    fhin,   this.  brogue 

115    2:  wolf,  do;   kfook,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    bOrn;   Oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,     buccaneer 


brown'ish,  a. — brown'ness,  re.—  brown  study,  absents 
mlndedness;  deep  meditation. 

Brown,  John  (1800-1859).  An  American  abolitionist  hanged 
at  Charlestown,  Va. 

Browne,  1  braun;  2  brown,  re.  1.  Charles  Farrar  (1834- 
1867),  an  American  humorist  and  lecturer;  pseudonym, 
"Artemus  Ward."  2.  Sir  Thomas  (1605-1682),  an  English 
physician  and  writer;  Rcligio  Medici. 

brown 'ie,  1  braun'i;  2  brown'i,  n.  A  homely  good-na- 
tured sprite,    brown 'yj. 

Brown 'ing,  1  braun'in ;  2  brown'ing,  n.  1 .  Elizabeth  Barrett 
(1806-1861),  an  English  poet;  wife  of  Robert.  2.  Robert 
(1812-1889),  an  English  poet. 

Brown  '1st,  1  braun'ist;  2  brown'ist,  re.  1.  A  follower  of  Robert 
Browne,  a  Puritan,  who  separated  from  the  Church  of  En- 
gland about  1580.  2.  An  adherent  of  the  Brunonian  theory 
of  medicine. — Brown'ism,  re.  1.  Congregationalism  or 
independency.  2.  The  Brunonian  theory  of  medicine. — 
Brown-Is 'tic,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  system  of  Robert 
Browne.— Brown-Is 'ti-cal,  a. 

Brown"sSe"quard',  1  =se"kar';  2  =se"kiir',  Charles  Edward 
(1817-1894).    A  Franco»American  physiologist  and  alienist. 

browse,  )  1   brauz;  2  brow§.     I.   vt.   &   vi.     [browsed, 

browzp,  J  browzd8;  brows'ing.]  To  feed  upon  (leaves, 
twigs,  etc.) ;  also,  to  graze.  II.  n.  1.  Growing  shoots  or 
twigs  used  as  fodder.  2.  The  act  or  process  of  browsing. 
[  <  MHG.OF  broz,  shoot.]    browzej. 

browst,  1  braust;  2  browst,  re.    [Scot.]    A  brewing.    [<  brew.) 

Bruce,  1  brus;  2  brue,  Robert  (1274-1329).  King  of  Scot- 
land; defeated  Edward  II.  at  Bannockburn. 

Bru'ges,  1  bru'jiz;  2  bru'geg,  re.  A  city  (pop.  53,000)  in  Bel- 
glum.  [A  German  Egyptologist. 

Brugsch,  1  bniHSh;  2  bruHsh,  Helnrlch  Karl  (1827-1894). 

bru'in,  1  bru'in;  2  bru'in,  re.    A  bear.     [D.] 

bruise,  1  briiz;  2  brus.,  v.  [bruised;  brttis'ing.1  1. 1.  1. 
To  batter  in  or  dent  without  breaking;  contuse.  2.  To 
pound  small;  crush,  as  in  a  mortar.  II.  i.  To  use  the 
fists  in  boxing  or  fighting;  box.  [  <  OF.  bruiser,  briser, 
break.)  Syn.:  see  beat. — bruis'er,  re.  1.  One  who  bruises; 
a  pugilist;  ruffian.    2.  One  of  various  machines  or  tools. 

bruise,  re.  A  surface  injury  caused  by  violent  contact; 
contusion. 

bruit,  1  brut;  2  brut.  V.  vt.  &  vi.  To  noise  abroad;  report; 
proclaim.  II.  n.  A  rumor  noised  abroad;  a  din;  clamor. 
[F.,  <  bruire,  roar.)    Syn.:  see  publish. — bruit'er,  re. 

brume,  1  brum;  2  brum,  re.  Fog;  mist;  vapor.  [<  L.F  bruma, 
winter.]  —  bru'mal,  a.  Wintry. — bru'mous,  a.  Brumal; 
foggy;  gloomy. 

brum 'ma-gem,  1  brum'a-jem;  2  brum'a-gem.  I.  a.  Cheap 
and  showy;  spurious;  bogus.  II.  re.  Cheap,  imitation  jewel- 
ry; an  imitation;  a  sham.    [Cor.  of  Birmingham.] 

Brum'mell,  1  brum'el;  2  brum'el,  George  Bryan  (1778- 
1840).  "Beau  Brummell,"  an  English  exquisite;  friend  of  the 
Prince  Regent. 

Brun-du'sl-um,  re.    See  Brindisi. 

Bru"nel-les'chi,  1  bru'nel-les'kl;  2  bru"n61-les'ei,  Flllppo 
(1377-1446).    An  Italian  architect,  and  sculptor. 

Bru"ne-tiere',  1  brii"na-tvar';  2  brii'ne-tyer',  Ferdinand 
(1849-1906).     A  French  literary  critic. 

bru-nette',  1  bru-net';  2  bru-n6t'.  I.  a.  Dark=hued; 
having  dark  complexion,  hair,  and  eyes.  II.  n.  A 
woman  or  "irl  of  dark  complexion,  eyes,  and  hair.  [F.] 
bru-net'J;  bru-nett't. 

Briinn,  1  briin;  2  briin,  re.  A  manufacturing  city,  capital  of 
Moravia,  Austria;  pop.  126,000. 

Bru'no,  1  bru'no;  2  bru'no,  n.  I.  Giordano  (1549-1600),  an 
Italian  philosopher.  2.  Saint  (10407-1101),  a  German 
monk;  founded  Carthusian  (Jrder,  1086. 

Bru-no'ni-an,  /  1   brii-no'ni-an,  braun'i-an;  2  bru-no'ni-an, 

Brown '1-an,  S  brown'1-an,  a.  Pertaining  to,  discovered,  or 
Invented  by  Or.  John  Brown  of  Edinburgh  (1735-1788). — 
Brunonian  or  Brownlan  theory,  the  medical  theory  of 
Dr.  John  Brown,  which  classifies  diseases  into  those  pro- 
duced by  too  great  and  those  produced  by  too  little  excite- 
ment. 

Bru-no'nl-an,  re.  1.  An  alumnus  or  student  of  Brown  Uni- 
versity, at  Providence,  Rhode  Island.  2.  One  who  adheres 
to  the  Brunonian  medical  theory. 

Bruns'wick,  1  brunz'wik;  \i  bruiis'wlk.  re.  A  duchy  (1,418 
sq.  m.;  pop.  494,000),  central  Germany. 

brunt,  1  brunt;  2  briint,,  it.  1.  The  main  shock  or  stress; 
hardest  part.  2||.  A  blow;  assault;  collision.  [<  Ice. 
brum,  advance  like  fire.) 

brush1, 1  brusli;  2  brush,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  use  a  brush  on; 
sweep;  touch  lightly.  2.  To  furnish  with  brushwood; 
bush.  II.  i.  To  move  lightly  and  quickly,  often  with  a 
touch.    Syn.:  see  cleanse. 

brush,  n.  1.  An  implement,  as  of  bristles,  for  cleansing, 
smoothing,  etc.  2.  The  act  of  brushing.  3.  A  bushy 
object,  as  the  tail  of  the  fox.  5.  A  smart,  skirmish;  a 
dashing  ride;  chase.  [<  0HG.IlL+o*  bru.ila,  bristle]  — 
brushMiook",  n.     A  hook  for  cutting  brush.  —  brush '- 


wood",  n.  1.  A  low  thicket;  underwood.  2.  Cut  bushes,  or 
branches. — brush 'y,  a.  1.  Covered  with  brushwood.  2. 
Resembling  a  brush;  shaggy;  rough;  bushy. 

brusk,       )  1  brusk  or  brusk;  2  brusk  or  brusk,  a.    Rude  or 

brusque, )  curt;  blunt;  offhand.  [<  It.F  brusco,  rude.] 
Syn.:  see  bluff. — brusk 'ly,  adv. — brusk  'ness,  n. 

Brus'scls,  1  brus'elz;  2  brus'els.,  re.  A  city  (pop.  720,000), 
capital  of  Belgium;  entered  by  Germans,  19 14. 

brute,  1  brut;  2  brut.  I.  a.  1.  Wanting  the  rational 
faculty;  merely  animal;  unintelligent;  also,  sensual; 
brutal.  2.  Merely  material;  unconscious;  dead.  II.  re. 
1.  Any  animal  other  than  man,  as  a  horse,  dog,  etc.  2. 
A  brutal  person.  [  <  L.f  brutus,  stupid.]  Syn.:  see  animal. 
—  bru'tal,  a.  1.  Characteristic  of  or  like  a  brute;  sensual; 
cruel;  savage.  2.  [Recent.]  Unfeeling;  rude;  coarse.  [<  L. 
brutus,  stupid.)  Syn.:  see  barbarous;  brutish. — bru-tal'- 
i-ty,  re.  [-TiEsz,  pi.}  The  being  brutal;  a  brutal  action.— 
bru'tal-ize,  vt.  [-ized;  -iz"ing.]  To  make  brutal.— bru'- 
tal-Iy,  adv.— bru'ti-fy,  v.  [-fied;  -fy"ing.]  I.t.  To  make 
brutal;  brutalize.  II.  i.  To  become  brute=like.  [<  F. 
brulifler.]— brut'ish,  a.  Pertaining  to,  characteristic  of,  or 
resembling  brutes;  stupid;  irrational;  sensual;  gross. 

Syn.:  animal,  base,  beastly,  bestial,  brutal,  brute,  carnal, 
coarse,  ignorant,  imbruted,  insensible,  lascivious,  sensual, 
sottish,  stolid,  stupid,  swinish,  unintellectual,  unspiritual, 
vile.  A  brutish  man  simply  follows  his  animal  instincts, 
without  special  inclination  to  do  harm;  the  brutal  have  al- 
ways a  spirit  of  malice  and  cruelty.  Brute  or  animal  simply 
indicates  what  a  brute  or  an  animal  might  possess;  animal 
leans  more  to  the  side  of  sensuality,  brute  to  that  of  force,  as 
appears  in  the  familiar  phrase  "brute  force."  Hunger  is  an 
animal  appetite;  a  brute  impulse  may  prompt  one  to  strike 
a  blow  in  anger.  Bestial,  in  modern  usage,  implies  an  In- 
tensified and  degrading  animalism.  Beastly  refers  largely 
to  the  outward  and  visible  consequences  of  excess;  as, 
beastly  drunkenness.  Compare  animal. — Ant.:  elevated, 
enlightened,  exalted,  grand,  great,  humane.  Intellectual, 
intelligent,  noble,  refined. 

— brut'ish-ly,  adv.  —  brut'ish-ness,  n.     brut'ismt. 

Bru'tus,  1  bru'tus;  2  bru'tus,  Marcus  Junius  (85-42  B.  C). 
A  Roman  republican  leader,  one  of  Csesar's  assassins. 

Bry 'an,  1  brai'an;  2  bry'an,  William  Jennings  (1860-  ). 
An  American  statesman;  lecturer.— Bry 'an-ite,  n.  [U.  S.j 
A  believer  in  the  political  principles  of  William  J.  Bryan. 

Bry'ant,  1  brai'ant;  2  bry'ant,  William  Cullen  (1794-1878). 
An  American  poet  and  journalist. 

Bryce  of  Dechmont,  1  brats; 2  bryc,  Viscount  (1838-  ). 
James  Bryce,  a  British  diplomat  and  writer;  ambassador  to 
United  States,  1907-1913. 

Bryn  Mawr,  1  brin  mar;  2  bryn  mar.  A  village  In  S.  E.  Penn- 
sylvania; seat  of  Bryn  Mawr  college  for  women,  founded  in 
1885. 

bryol.,  abbr.    Bryology. 

bry-ol'o-gy,  1  brai-el'o-ji;  2  bry-ol'o-gy,  re.  The  department 
of  botany  that  treats  of  mosses.  [<  Gr.  bryon,  moss  (< 
bryo,  swell),  +  -ology.) 

bry'o-ny,  1  brai'o-m;  2  bry'o-ny,  re.  A  common  English  herb 
of  the  gourd  family  with  white  or  yellowish  flowers  and  black 
or  red  berries.    [<  Gr.^bryonia,  <  bryo,  swell.]    brl'o-nyt. 

bry 'o-phyte,  1  brai'o-fait;  2  bry'o-fyt,  re.  A  moss  or  liverwort. 

Bry"o-zo'a,  1  brai"o-zo'a;  2  bry"o-zo'a,  re.  pi.  Helminth.  The 
Polyzoa.  \<  Gr.  bryon,  moss  (<  bryo,  swell),  +  zoon,  ani- 
mal.]—bry"o-zo'an,  bry"o-zo'ld,  a.  &  n. 

bryset,  vt.    Same  as  bruise. 

b.  s.,  abbr.  Bill  of  sale. — B.  Sc,  abbr.  Bachelor  of  Science. — 
Bt.,  abbr.    Baronet.— bu.,  bus.,  abbr.    Bushel,  bushels. 

bub'ble, )  1  bub'l;2  bub'l,  v.    [bub'blED,  i!Ub'ldp;  bub'- 

bub'l1',  )bling.]  I.t.  1.  To  form  bubbles  in,  as  a  liquid. 
2.  To  emit  or  utter  by  or  as  by  bubbling.  3.  To  elicit ; 
swindle.  II.  i.  1.  To  form  bubbles;  rise  in  bubbles. 
2.  To  make  an  intermittent  liquid  sound. 

bub'ble,  n.  1.  A  vesicle  of  viscous,  cohesive  liquid,  filled 
with  air  or  other  gas.  2.  A  globule  of  air  or  other  gas  in 
any  confined  space,  as  in  a  liquid  or  solid  substance.  3. 
Anything  unsubstantial;  a  delusion;  cheat;  fraud.  4. 
The  process  or  sound  of  bubbling.  [Scand.  or  D.] — 
bub'bly,  a. 

bu'bo,  l  biu'bo;  2  bo'bo,  n.  [bu'boes*,  pi.]  Pathol.  An  In- 
flammatory swelling  of  a  lymph»gland,  due  in  Infection; 
especially,  a  venereal  tumor.    [Lb.,  <  Gr.  bonbon,  groin.] 

bu-bon'o-ccle,  1  blu-ben'o-stl;  2  bfl-b6n'o  cei,  //  Inguinal 
hernia.  [<  Gr.  boubOnokUi,  <  bonbon,  groin,  +  kill,  ab- 
scess.) 

bu'buk-let,  n.     A  facial  blotch. 

bue'eal,  1  buk'al;  2  bfle'al,  a.  Ann/  or  or  pertaining  to  the 
mouth  or  cheek;  as,  the  buccal  artery.    [<  L.  bucca,  check] 

buc"ca-ncer\  M  huk"a-nlr';2  buCa-ner'.    I.  vt.    Toad  the 

buc"a-nlcr',  (  buccaneer  or  pirate.  II.  n.  A  plrale  or  free- 
hooter:  especially,  one  of  the  piratical  rovers  of  I  he  I7lli  and 
I Hlli  centuries  who  preyed  upon  flic  Spaniards,  along  the 
Spanish  coasts  of  America.  [<  P.  boucanier.]  Syn.:  see 
robber. 


RllllMtlllir       la-         art.    fat.  fir,-;    fast;   get.  pr*y;    lilt.  1       I  ..  •  •        i.      ...    full.  rOl.- :    I. lit,  l.Orti; 

hill". irk  .  i        >   iBt.&ll;    u  .  iii  i  ..      Q     .,.w6n,     I  Hi 


i 


I       I  '  .'   stair 
'  Lull  iiiul  half 

Imp*- 

M  i r i  in  huh  'born 

James    17D1    1888 

\ 
the  t, 

\  lib*  Vfrlcaii    plant    of 

■  « tilot)  an  used  In 

inn    kut. 

I.       i.    '•'       ro puniah by laah- 

iritis  o\  i  r  the  bent 

d  the  j .  .i  t>  t  —  of  the 

rider)  by  bucking. 

•  .  tin  ground,  as  :i  horn  or 

bin  l.  I  small  with  !l 

I    In  to  r.'ki  | 
I  ■      '!.   I  o  butt,  U  W  1th 

Inn  k   Inn. 
t-i ii .  s     .  .'ii      |.\klii  t.    • 

tun  k  .        I.  is  animals,  as  of  deer,  rab- 

ing  blood.    |  <  AS. 
hukv     buck'  tooth",  n.    a  protecting 


ii 


Inn 


i. ii.  k 


if  bucking. 

Lin  k  'saw",  n.    A  saw  set  In 

I  with  both  bands,  und  f<>r 

.  i.urk.  [Beecb«mast. 

\-    '  hlirk'  ma- I 

or  i>r.  for  washing  clothes;  also,  the  ouan- 

litii  k  '  ha-  kit.         \     isket  for  soiled  olothes. 
tui.  k  t. ..an I",  l  bok'bord";  2  bok'bord",  n.     [U.  s]     A 
icle  having  n  long  elastic  board 
Inn  k  '  =  "air"oiit. 
hii.  k-.  .n.  .  •.    [Anglclr.]   In  Ireland,  for- 

vi-rati-  gentry,  or  a  younger 
racy. 
lui.  k  .  i .  .'  b&k'St,  r.    I.  (     1.  To  draw  or  oarry 

in  a  I   .  ride  (a  horse)  hard.    II.  i.    Toi 

tunk.i.  I.  .  iitnlricul  vi'ssel,  with  a  bail,  for 

2.  (I.-  cal,   I      S.J    A  pad.    .1. 

',     will 

i. in  k  .  t-ftii:.    4.  \ 
.    water* 

—  bin  k  .  t  shop", 

An  office  for  gambling  . 

Hon..  -Tain. 

.modules    sold  or  Bucket. 

D  ml  BSSd  Ormn**»p**lljuckrt.MU»edlndr*dg- 

lui.  k'eyi    .  1   buk'oi':  2  buk'-  "*   L  ' '""'-   l  "^ 

tnut  of  the   United  States. — 

Bu<  k    ■      •     Mil.. 

Ku.  k  ln.-li  im.  1  huk'in-;,tn;  2  bfik'lng-am.  n      1.  Duke  of 

:.  Duke 

buck'i-ii.  .  I.  Foppish; dandified.    •;. 

ill-smelling, 
tun  k   I  ...  bokT,   r.      [buCk'led,    iu.-i  k'i.d''; 

■■    • 
If)  resolutely  or  assiduous- 
II.        I  all  to  work  with  energy;  apply  i 

>>uckU  to  a  har.l  job      "J.  To  engage  iii 
[F.  boueU  '  bulge  I 
buck'le-,'-   .v  *i  up,  curl,  or  crumple.    [< 

ijin  k  1c  .  movable  tone 

■ ,  <  L.  buccula,  dim. 

bill   k     ll'. 

Buckle.  Henr>  Thou  II  An  English  historian; 

lizallr/n  In  England. 
hurk'l.r.  1    -jk'I&r;  2  btjk'ler.    I.  n .    1 2.  To  shield,  as  with  a 
I  ward  off,  as  blows.    II.  n. 
I  illy,  a  small  round  shield  used  to  I 

.  late  or  protective  covering  on  varl- 
■Itr.) 

Bink'tur,  »im«n  fggjliar  1 1823   I'M  l       An  American 
'.'•ral;  lawyer;  Governor  of  Ken- 

buck  'ram,  1  buk'ram ;  2  bak'ram.    I.  vt.    To  stiffen  with 


I.        1.  . 


Is      II. 

III.  [  I  fal , 

01  cloth.] 

Inn  k  'shot",  l   bul       ••! '.  8  I"!.    hflt",  n      I  argt     hot, 

ii  •.  .1  In  hunting  lat  l<  ei 

tui,  u  -kin",  l  •  n";2  buk'skln*     I.  a     I.  Made  .■( 

buckskin.      '.'■   [V  1       3.]  Gray i  h«yellow,    like 

buckskin     11.         I.   rhe  skin  ol  ■  buck;  also, 
i.tr..i  ollow  leather,  now  chiefly  made  from 

sheepskins  'i-  pi  Breeches  or  a  suit  made  of  such  kin 
:i.    \   net  on  clad  in  such  skin,  cap  ol  the 

m  the  H.\  olution,  4.  |\\  estern  1    S  I 
A  horn  "t  ■  buck  -km  color 
buck  'ilium".  i  buk'thorn*;  :.'  buk'thorn',  n     a  shrub  ..r 
small  tt. .  of  the  north  temperate  tone,  having  small  green 
flowers  and  black  berries  and  usually  spin]  branobes. 

Iillrk  '"  heal",  1  l.nk'hw  it  ';  2  l.iik'huit ".  n        \  plant,  OT 

from  which  a  kiml  of  Hour  is  made,    |<  AS. 

■    WHEAT.] 

bu-col'lc,  l  l>iu-k.. Til. .:.' i.ii-.'.. l'i«-     I  a     Pertaining  to  or 

hepherds  or  herdsmen;  pastoral,     hii-eol'l-ralj. 

II.  ii      I.   \  pastoral  i m,    "!.  [Humorous.]  A  rustic; 

farni.T      [•     (  ir   bOUtOlitOt,        bOt    ,  OX.]     Syn:  an  Bl     III 

bud,  1  bud; Z  bud,  t.    [bud'ded*;  nub dino.]    1. 1     I.  To 
by  inserting  a  bud  into  the  -lit  bark      '!•  To  put 
•   .         ii.       I.  To  put  forth  a  bud  "i  buds,    '-J. 
To  I" 

bud,  ii.  1.  An  undeveloped  item,  branch,  or  shoot.  8. 
The  act  or  stage  of  budding.  :i.  Zool  A  bud'liki  pro- 
ject!   as  in  polyp  .  eti  .  developing  into  a  new  indi- 
vidual    [ME  bt* 

Bo  Ma-pest",  1  bO'da-pesf;  :.'  bu'dA-pesf,  «  A  city  (pop. 
880.000),  capital  ol  Hungary. 

Hud  'dha.  l  bud's; :.'  bud'a,  n.  An  Incarnation  of  a  divine  In- 
teUlgence  or  wisdom;  specif .  Qotama,  the  founder  of  Bud- 
dhism (668   B8B  C.)     Boodht;  Boodh'at;  Boud'dhal; 

Build h:.     Bud'dlilsm,  n     \  mystical  ami  ascetic  rell a 

faith  and  cult  originating  in  x.  Hindustan  and  « Idely  prev- 
alent in  central  and  southern  \sia  Boodh'lsm{,  Bud'- 
illilst,./   \n.     BiKl-dbls'tlc,  -tl-cal,  a. 

budge,  1  buj ;  2  bfidg,  v<  &  [budged;  budo'ino.]  To 
move  a  little;  stir;  give  way;  go.    |<  F  bouger,  stir.] 

badge,  a.  1.  Trimmed  with  budge,  or  wearing  budge.  2. 
Hence,  pompous:  Imposing;  formal 

budee.  n,  1.  Lambskin  prepared  like  fur,  much  used  in  the 
I  Uxabethan  age,  as  by  scholastics,  for  edgings,  etc.;  also,  a 
leather  bag.  'i-  [Local  U.  S.)  Alcoholic  liquor.  [<  F. 
bouqe.  <  L.  bulga,  baR.) 

budg'i't,  1  buj'et;  2  bfidgfCt,  n.     Formerly,  a  small  sack 
nr  its  contents;  :i  Collection  Of  news;  fiiiam  i 
[  <  F.  bouoeUc,  dim.  of  bougt:  bag.] 

BO 'ell,  1  hi  ii  1:  ;:  bfi'el,  Don  Carlos  (1818-1898).  A  United 
States  major-general;  commanded  Army  of  the  Ohio  In 
civil  War 

Bue'na  Vls'ta,  1   bwCna  \Is'ta;  2  bwe'nii  vis'tii.    A  vlllace, 
ite,  X.  E.  Mexico;  U.  S.  Gen.  Taylor  defeated 
Santa  Anna.  1847. 

Bue'nos  Al'res,  l  hfi'nos  P'rlz  or  (Sp.)  bwe'nos  al'res;  2  bO'nos 
bwe/nos  I'res.   a  province  <  1 17.777  sq.  m.;  ikjp. 
1,021.000)  and  seaport  city  (pop.   1.314,000)  of  Argentine 
Republic. 

bulf',  ,  1  hnf;2  biif,  ri.    To  shave  thin,  as  leather;  polish.    f< 

buf-p. !  buff1,  n.l  [To  strike;  bullet. 

hufT:\  n.    1.  To  counteract  and  deaden,  as  a  concussion.   2t. 

buir.  I.  n.  Made  of  or  of  the  color  ol  bufMeather, 
brownish-yellow,  buf'fyt.  II.  n.  1.  A  thick,  soft, 
flexible  Leather.  buir':lcafli"ert.  2.  Its  color,  a  light 
yellow,  -i.  A  coal  made  of  bufMeather  4.  A  polishing1 
wheel.  5.  [Colloq.l  The  bare  skin.  [<  IJ.F  bufalus; 
VTALO.]  buff'scoat",  n.  1.  A  rpllltary  coat  of  buff- 
leather.   a.  a  soldier. 

buff'.  I.  a.  Solid;  Arm;  unyielding.  II.  n.  A  blow:  bullet: 
only  in  the  phrase  blind  man's  buff.  [<  uv.buffe  (Imitatm    I 

buf'fa-lo',  1  buf'e-16;  2  buf'a-lo,  n.    [-loeb1  or  -lob*,  ;//j 

1.  A  large  Old  World  ox,  now  extensively  domesticated 

2.  The  North'American  bison.  [It.,  <  Gr.1-  boubalos, 
African  antelope.)     buf'fa-lounoth",  n.    A  carpet»beetle. 

h.  robe,    n.      The   skin    of    the   North-American    bison, 
•i  v.  itti  the  hair  mi  for  use  as  a  lap-rohc. 
Buf'fa-lo^,  n.    A  commercial  city  and  laker  port  In  N.  W.  New 

York  (pop.  424,000). 
buffer,  1  buf'or;  2  bfii'er,  n.     A  device  for  lessening  the 

i  i  concussion.    (  <  '  IF.  buffe,  a  blow.] 
buffet1,  1  l.uf'rt;  2  buf'i't,  r(.  &  ti.     To  strike;  beat  with 

repeated  blows;  struggle  against;  contend 
buffet',  1   buf'et  or  bu-fS'l  2  luif'et  or  by-fe',  n.     1.  A 
sideboard.    Z.  A  public  lunch«room.    [F.]    beau'fetj. 

buffet2,  1  buf'et;  2  bi'if'.'t,  u.     A  blow;  cuff;  assault.     [< 

Di    buffet.  Aim  of  buffe,  blow.]  [singer,     buffo.a. 

buffo,  1  buf'o;  2  bg.f'o,  n.    [It.)    A  comic  actor  In  opera;  comic 


1:8=  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    D  =  sinj;    Chin,   thia.    Bucentaur 
117    2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   thia.         bulwark 


Top* 
buggy. 


Buf'fon,  1  buf'fan  or  (F.)  bii"f6h';  2  buf'fon  or  (F.)  bii"f6h', 
Comte  de  (1707-1788).  Georgea  Louis  Leclerc,  a  French 
naturalist. 

buf-foon',  1  bu-fun';!;  bii-foon',  re.  A  professional  clown; 
low  jester.  [  <  It.F  buff  one,  <  buffa,  jest.]— buf-foon '- 
er-y,  re.  [-iesz,  pi.]  Low  drollery  or  coarse  jokes,  as  of  a 
buffoon. 

bug,  1  bug;  2  bug,  re.  1.  Any  one  of  various  insecta  or 
small  crustaceans;  especially,  the  bedbug.  2t>  A  spec- 
ter; bugbear.    [  <  W.  bwg,  specter.] — bug'gy,  a. 

bug'bear",  1  bug'bar";  2  bug/bar",  re.  An  imaginary  ob- 
ject of  terror;  a  specter.    bug 'a- boo}. 

bug'gy,  1  bug'i;  2  bug'y.n.    [bug'giesz,  pi.]    A  light  four* 
wheeled  vehicle  with  or  without  a 
hood:  when  with  a  hood,  called   a 
top'buggy.    [Cp.  Hind,  bagtfi,  gig.] 

bu'gle,   1   biu'gl;    2   bu'gl,    a.     Of, 
resembling,    or  adorned  with 
bugles.    See  bugle2,  re. 

bu'gle1,  re.  A  wind-instrument 
resembling  a  horn  or  trum- 
pet; a  huntsman's  horn. 
[OF.,  an  ox]  bu'gle=horn"t. 
— bu'gler,  re.    One  who  plays  on  the  bugle. 

bu'gle2,  re.  A  tube-shaped  glass  bead.  [<  MHG.LL  bouc, 
boug,  ring,  bracelet.]  —  bu'glcd,  a.  {bugida,  plant.] 

bu'gle',  n.    A  British  plant  of  the  mint  family.     [F.,  <  LL. 

bii  'gloss,  1  biu'glos;  2  bu'tilos,  re.  A  plant  producing  a  red  col- 
oring-matter.  [<  F.  buglosse.]  al'ka-nett;  ox'=tongue"t. 

buhl,  1  bill;  2  bul,  re.  Metal  or  tortoise-shell  inlaid  in 
furniture;  also,  cabinetwork  so  decorated.  [<  Boule, 
French  artist.]    buhl'work"t. 

bubr,  buhr'stone",  etc.    Same  as  bur,  burrstone,  etc. 

bulk,  1  biuk;2buk.  n.  [Scot,  or  Obs.]  A  book,    beukf. 

build,  1  bild;  2  bild,  v.    [built1  or  BuiLD'EDd;  build'ing.] 

1.  t.  1.  To  frame,  construct,  or  erect,  as  a  dwelling,  a 
ship,  etc.  2.  To  fabricate;  establish;  found.  3.  To  re- 
new; strengthen:  usually  with  up.  II.  i.  1.  To  follow 
the  business  of  building;  form;  construct.  2.  To  rely; 
depend:  with  ore  or  upon.  [<  AS.  byldan,  <  bold,  house.] 
Syn.:  see  construct. — build,  re.  The  manner  or  style  in 
which  anything  is  built;  form;  figure. — build 'er,  re. — 
build  'Ing,  n.  1.  That  which  is  built ;  an  edifice.  2.  The  art, 
business,  act,  or  process  of  building.    Syn.:  see  house. 

buk'shish,  re.    Same  as  bakshish,    buk'sheeshi. 

bu\.,abbr.    Bulletin. 

Bu"la-wa'yo,  1  bfl"la-wa'yo;  2  bu"la-wa'yo,  n.  A  commer- 
cial town  in  S.  Rhodesia,  Africa.    Bu"lu-wa'yot. 

bulb,  1  bulb;  2  bulb,  re.    1,  Bot.  A  cluster  of  thickened, 
scale-like    leaves,  grow- 
ing usually  underground. 

2.  Any  protuberance  re- 
sembling a  plant-bulb. 
[  <  Gr.L  bolbos,  bulbous 
root.]— bul'bar,  a.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  a  bulb. — 
bul'bous,  a.  1.  Bot. 
Having  or  growing  from 
bulbs.  2.  Of,  pertaining 
to,  or  like  a  bulb,  bul-ba'- 
ceoust;  bul'boset; 
bulb'yj. 

bul'bul,  1  bul'bul;  2  bul'- 
bul, n.  A  bird  of  the 
tropics  of  the  Old  World, 
as  the  Persian  nightingale. 
[Per.,  nightingale.] 

Bulg.,  abbr.  Bulgaria,  Bul-  BuI,)  of  a  LUy-  showing  exterior 
garlan.  an(l  vertical  section. 

Bul-ga'rl-a,  1  bul-ge'ri-o;  2  bul-ga'rl-a,  n.  A  former  Turkish 
dependency  in  S.  E.  Europe;  since  1908  an  independent  king- 
dom (33,647  sq.  m.;  pop.  4,337,500);  capital,  Sofia.— Bul- 
ga'rl-an,  a.  &  n. 

bulge,  1  bulj;  2  bulg.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [bulged;  bulg'ing] 
To  swell  out  or  be  protuberant;  press  out  of  shape.  II. 
n.  The  most  convex  part,  as  of  a  cask;  a  protuberant 
part;  swelling.    [Scand.]— bulg'y,  a. 

bulk1, 1  bulk;  2  bulk,  re.  l.The  .substance  or  body  of  any- 
thing material  considered  with  reference  to  its  magni- 
tude, as  of  a  ship,  a  man,  an  elephant,  etc.;  a  large  body; 
mass;  volume;  size.  2.  Greater  or  principal  part;  main 
body;  majority.  3.  The  whole  space  in  a  ship's  hold  for 
stowing  goods;  also,  the  whole  cargo.  [<  Ice.  bulki, 
heap]  Syn.:  see  magnitude;  mass.  —  bulk'y.n.  [bulk'i-ku; 
bulk'i-est.]  Huge;  large;  unwieldy.  — bulk'l-ly,  adv.— 
bulk'1-ness,  n. 

bulk2,  n.  [Eng.]  A  projecting  part  of  a  building;  a  framework 
In  front  of  ashop;  Htall.    [<  lee.  baikr.  bean  I 

buIk'he(a)d"H,  1  bulk'hed";  2  biilk'hed",  n.  A  compart- 
ment or  partition,  as  in  a  ship  or  mine. 


bull,  )  1  bul;  2  bul,  vt.    To  speculate  for  an  advance  in  the 

bill '', )  price  of,  as  stocks. 

bull1,  re.  1.  The  male  of  domestic  cattle  or  of  some  other 
animals.  2.  Finance.  A  dealer  who  seeks  or  expects 
higher  prices.  3.  [B-]  The  constellation  and  sign  Tau- 
rus. See  constellation.  [  <  an  AS.  word  seen  in  the 
dim.  bulluca;  see  bullock.]  — bull'sbaifing,  re.  An  old 
English  sport  of  baiting  bulls  with  dogs:  now  prohibited.— 
b.-ralf.  it.  A  male  calf ;  dull,  stupid  fellow. —  h. -tight,  n.  A 
combat  in  an  arena  between  men  and  bulls,  popular  among 
the  Spanish,  Portuguese,  and  Spanish-Americans.  b.» 
feastt;  b.=fightingf.—  b. slighter,  re.— bull 'head  "ed,  a. 
Having  a  head  like  a  bull's;  hence,  stupidly  obstinate;  stub- 
born.— b.  =neck,  re.    1.  A  short,  thick  neck  like  that  of  a  bull. 

2.  [Local,  U.  S.]  (1)  The  canvasback.  (2)  The  American 
scaup-duck.  —  b.=neeked,  a.  —  l>.  vthip,  re.  A  short-han- 
dled heavy  whip.    b.=whackt. 

bull2,  re.  An  official  document  of  the  Pope,  sealed  with  a 
leaden  seal;  rescript;  edict.  [  <  LL.  bulla,  edict,  seal,  < 
L.  bulla,  boss,  knob.] 

bull8,  n.  A  ridiculous  blunder  In  speech.  [Op.  OF.  boule, 
fraud.]    Syn.:  see  error. 

Bull,  Ole  Bornemann  (1810-1880).    A  Norwegian  violinist. 

bul 'lace,  1  bul'is;  2  bul'ac.  re.  A  variety  of  plum  from  Asia 
Minor  and  southern  Europe,  usually  growing  wild. 

bull 'dog",  1  bul'dog";  2  bul'dog",  re.  1.  A  squat  and  mus- 
cular dog  with  flat  head  and  projecting  under  jaw,  re- 
markable for  the  tenacity  of  its  grip.  2.  A  pistol;  espe- 
cially, a  short-barreled  revolver  of  large  caliber. 

bull'doze",  1  bul'doz";  2  bul'doz",  vt.  [bull'dozed"; 
bull'doz"ing.]  [Slang,  U.  S.]  To  intimidate;  bully. 
[Explained  as  <  dose  of  the  bull-whip.] 

Itul 'I en.  An ue.    See  Boleyn. 

bul 'let,  1  bul'et;  2  bul'et,  n.  1.  A  small  projectile  for  a 
firearm.    2.  An  angler's  sinker.    [  <  L.F  bulla,  knob.] 

bul'le-tin,  1  bul'i-tin;  2  bul'e-tin.  I.  vt.  To  make  public 
by  bulletin.  II.  n.  1.  A  brief  official  summary,  publica- 
tion, or  placard.  2.  A  periodical  publication,  as  of  the 
proceedings  of  a  society.  [F.]— bul'le-tln-lst,  re.  One  who 
prepares  or  displays  bulletins. 

bull'flnch",  1  bul'fincli" ;  2  bul'finch",  re.  A  singing  bird 
having  a  short  stout  bill.    See  bird. 

bull 'frog",  1  bul'frog";  2  bul'frog",  re.  A  large  North* 
American  frog,  with  a  bellowing  cry. 

bull 'head", )  1  bul'hed";  2  bul'hed",  re.     1.  One  of  various 

bul  'hed"p,  S  fishes  with  the  head  more  or  less  broad  or  large, 
as  a  catfish.  2.  (1)  A  plover.  (2)  The  goldeneye  duck.  3. 
A  small  black  water-insect.    4.  A  stupid  person. 

bul 'lion1,  1  bul'yan;  2  bul'yon,  re.  Gold  or  silver  un- 
coined or  in  mass,  as  in  bars,  plates,  or  the  like.  [  <  LL.F 
blllus,  log.]  Syn.:  see  money.  — bul'llon-lsm,  re.  The  ad- 
vocacy of  a  currency  exclusively  metallic,  or  of  paper  con- 
vertible into  gold  and  silver.  — bul 'lion-lst,  re. 

bul 'lion2,  re.  A  heavy  twisted  cord  fringe,  especially  that 
of  which  the  cords  are  covered  with  fine  gold  or  silver 
wire,     bul 'lion  sfringc"t-    [<  OF.  bouillon,  <  boule; 

see  BULLET.] 

bul 'lock,  1  bul' sk;  2  bul'ok,  re.    An  ox,  especially  a  beef* 

ox,  over  four  years  old.    [  <  AS.  bulluca.] 
Bull  Bun,  1  bul  run;  2  bul  run.    A  creek  In  N.  E.  Virginia; 

scene  of  two  Federal  defeats,  July  21,  1861,  and  Aug.  29-30, 

1862.  See  Manassas. 
bull's'seye",  1  bulz'-ai";  2  buls/»y",  n.    1.  The  center  of  a 

target,  or  a  shot  that  hits  it.     2.  A  circular  window;  a 

thick  disk  or  lens  of  glass,  or  a  lantern  fitted  with  one. 

3.  A  small  wooden  block  perforated  for  ropes. 
bul'ly,  1  bul'i;  2  bul'y,  v.    [bul'lied;  bul'ly-ing]    I.  t 

To  intimidate  by  threats  or  menaces;  browbeat;  terror- 
ize; drive;  coerce.  II.  i.  To  be  quarrelsome  and  blus- 
tering,   bul'ly-ragt  [Low]. 

bul'ly.  I.  a.  [bul'li-er;  bui/li-est.]  1.  [Slang  ]  Excel- 
lent; admirable.  2.  Quarrelsome;  blustering.  II.  re. 
[bul'lies7',  pi.]  1.  A  quarrelsome,  swaggering,  cowardly 
fellow.  2f.  Sweetheart;  darling:  a  term  of  endearment 
formerly  applied  to  both  sexes.  [Cp.  LG.  bullerjaan, 
bitlUrhniok.  boisterous  fellow.  <  V  of  bellow.)-  bul'ly* 
boy",  n.  [Low.]  A  Jovial  fellow.  — b.«rook§,  re.  A  low,  In- 
solent fellow;  a  bully.  b.«rockt.— b.«tree,  a.  <  >ne  ol  sev- 
eral tropical  American  trees  yielding  a  gum  Known  :,s  Imliiia. 

Bu'low,  1  bli'lo;  2  bii'lo,  Bernliard,  Prince  von  (1849- 
).     A  German  diplomat. 

bul'rush",  1  !>ul'rtrsh";2  bul'rush",  re.  1.  A  tall  rush-hko 
plant  growing  in  damp  ground  or  water.  2.  |Hrit.]  A 
cattail.  3.  In  Exodus  ii,  •'!,  probably,  the  papyrus.  [< 
bull1,  re.  (Implying  largeness),  +  rush1,  n.] 

bul'wark,  1  bul'wark;  2  bul'wark.  I.  vt.  To  surround 
and  fortify  with,  or  as  with,  a  bulwark.  II.  re.  1,  A  de- 
fensive wall  or  rampart;  fortification;  defense.  2.  The 
raised  side  of  a  ship,  above  the  upper  deck:  usually  in  the 


Hill"  IT 

hnrnoost' 

n 

Bui  ■<  • 

Kill    » 
r..nu. 


•   ,i  .,        .    'in-.  fn»t;  gaLptty;  hit        i       o  "      "■   "      ii     '"       but.  bOrni 

(4«i.  what,  Alt;  ■  ■  .       •  iii  i  ....    hi.  uiiii 


lis 


I     «     :K  |      Sill. 
Milium  II     11  r  %    I  >  II.  .n  1    irl.  . 

\  i  .iiiiiom.it 

I 

I         I 

I  ■■  drink,  icimlr 


bum. 

illifl  »  shcriff'ti 

bum     '.  ill  ■  > 
tumi  bail    .  luiiii-i.  i-  1 1 

hlim-h.tf.     .  < 

bum-bal 

bum  Mi  -I-.  .    .  \  large, 

hum  Mi  -i..  i 
bum   boat*, 

l«irl  i.r 

■   bM«.  bo.'  I»i  HI  I    ll.'.ll         ;   I'll  III    I.  i  :  . 

i. uin  bio,  k.Ily  pro- 

bump'klnj . 

Iiiimi  iii.t.  bum'er.  a.    [I     8.]    A  plundering 

.:■  r    [(  'p.  tl   bumm- 

tiiinii'  •  1  .   •     1.  I'    bring  ■  i  come  into 

2.   [Eng.]    In  univi-r- 

boat  in  front) 

II.        1.  \  violent 

■.'.    \  protuberance 

;.  et  of  bumping.    4. 

mitative  ] 

hump  .  run  bittern;  i m. 

Lump  .T  .  .  2  bomp'er,  n.    1.  Somethii 

.u*-s  a  bump.    2.  A  buffer,  as  on  a  railroad' 

huiiipVr  .  •      A  eup  or  glass  filled  to  the  brim.    [Cor.  of 

■  rd.  leather  liquor-Jug  ] 
hump  kin.  .  ;•  kin;  2  biimp'kin.  n.     1.  An  awkward 

'.'.     \    bumkin.      [For  boomkin, 
small  boom] 
huiiip'thiu*.  I  b    -  2  hump'shus.  a.    Aggressively  and 

..-..]     -iy,  adc.    -ness.  n. 

bun.  1  bun;  2  bun.  n.     A  small  eake  raised  and  slightly 

red  or  spiced.     [Cp.  OF.  bugaete, 

l.unii  ;. 

him.  h.  ]  Z  Winch.     I',  rt.  &  n".    To  make  into  or 

i  bunch  or  t   .  ct;  gather;  group.    II.  n. 

i .  .:■.  .  lusb  r     2.  A  hunch; 

.  heap.]— bunch '- 
barked",  a      Hunchbacked. — bunch'y,  a.    Being,  grow- 
er having  bunches;  like  a  bunch. 
hiinY.i.  .        n'ko:2  bOo'--  -  1  I.  rt.  To  swindle  or 

II  ,d  ling  game  in  which  confederates  join  to 

rol>  a  Strang.  '      huu'ko:. 
bun  combe,  1  buTj'kam:  2  bOo'com.  n.    Bombastic  speech- 
■  for  political  effect.    (Prob. 
I  (  'ongress  from  Buncombe 
■  Una.  that  he  was  "talking  only  for  Bun- 
hun  'kiim:. 
hun. I  .  knd.fl    [AnglO>Ind.]  1.  An  embankment  or 

•  horoughfarc  on  a  water»front;  esplanade.    [< 
;and.\ 
hund:.  1  bant: 2  bant.  n.   A  confederation;  league.   [G.l 
Bun'<l< — rat.   1   bun'dai-rut:  2  bun'des-rat.  n.    The  federal 
or  that  of  Switzerland.     [C,  <  bund, 
rath,  counsel.]    Bun'des-ratht. 
bun 'dl  ■    .  :;;2  bun'dl,  r.     |nt  n'pi.kp,  hi's'di.I)1'; 

I.       I .  ■     i  bundle:  often  with 

,1  summarily.    II.  i.    To 

hun 'die,  unber  of  things  or  a  quantity  of  any- 

og  folded  or  wrapped  and 
.;..  collection.     (<  A.S.  byndele, 
'Ann.  hind  i 
bung,  1  bun;  2  bung.  n.     1.  A  stopper  for  the  large  hole 
2.  The  hole-  itself .    3t-  A 
hiing'  lmle"t. 
bun'ga-low,    1    b  /U0'ga-16.   n.      A   country 

.  ■■  .   primarily  :.    with   Wide 

IS.  in  next  col.     [Ult.  <  Banga, 
Bengal.] 
bun 'el  e'',  1  borj'gl;  2  btir/gl.     I.  rf.  4  ti.     Jbi 

uvaro.]     To  make  or  do  badly  or  clum- 

II.  n     An  awkward,  dumsy,  and  imperfect 

w    dial,  banyla,  work 

bun'aler,    n .  —  hun 'gle-some,    a— bun'- 

gllng,  pa.    Awkward;  clumsy;  unskilful.   -Iy,  adc. 


in  'Ion,  i  i..  ■:.  %  in;  8  bun'}    a,         \  painful  swclli 
tin-  joint  at   ili.-  baa    •  ■!   the  great  toi       I       loi 


i. in. 


ll  loll   ' 

hunk.  I  buuk;  2  book 


bed 


A  Miiall  < 


i  .         !      loop  in  :i  bunk .  go  to 


2.  Baseball.  A  short 


II  I 

«     t  ai 

a        t-'. 

■ 

S|     \  ; 
tilnl"  ' 

■     I  ii  in  b  i-  r- 
hian   I 

■  he  sled 
rranged. 

hunke,  plunk-  x''~{Al'J$Z£^    tii&'SM&Sl. 

ing  ..i  ■  >lnp  I  - 
b  ii  ii  '  u  «-r,  i  Bungalow. 

i.un'k.ir,  2  bfln/ker,  n     I.  \  i  icle,  as  a  ooal« 

Inn  ..ii  a  whip.    ','.    t  box  or  chest  that  serves  also  for 
i     :t.  (,..//    \  pit  oi  holi    i"  ii-.   i ind,  u  ually 

artificial;  loosely,  any  rough  ground, 
it  ii  nk  it  inn.    \  inn  near!  :harlestown,  Ma  i:  battle  b 

the  American  eolonJsta  and  the  British,  June  17.  1775. 
bun 'ko.  a.    Bee  i"  mco. 

hun  'kuin.  n.     Samf  :i^  Bl  Ifl  OHBB, 

hiinn,  i    Bame  as  Bi  v 

hun'ii>.   1    l.im'i:  :.'  I.iin'.v.  n       [BUN*NIK8B,   pi  1      A   nilil.ll   or 

squirrel.    rPerhapsdlm  of  Mm,  ■    Gael  &«n,  stump.] 
Bun'sen,lbun'sen;2bun'gen,n    I.  Baron  von    1701    1860), 
i  ihristlan  K.  J  .  a  <  lerman  diplomat  and  historian     '!•  Bob- 
i-ri  William  Bberbard  '  im  i    1899),  s  I  lerman  chenusl  and 
discoverer;  Invented  tin-  Buum'd  gas>burner,  inectn 

bunt'i,  1  hunt;  2  hunt.  9.    I.  I.    1.  To  strike  or  push  with  the 

head;  buU      i-  Baseball.  To  hat  (a  ball)  In  a  particular 

in  -.r;.  n..  2.    II.  I.    To  strike  or  knock.    [Cp. 

.  i  .  and  itnti.] 

bunt'i,  r.  Pfaut.  l.i.   To  haul  up  the  middle  of  (a  square  sail) 

In  furling.     II.  <.    TO  swell  OUt;  bel 
bunt',  n.    A  parasitic  fungus  on  wheat;  a  species  of  smut.     [< 

BUKNT.] 
bunt:,  „.    The  middle  of  B  square  sail  when  furled.    [Cp.  Sw. 

hunt.  Dan.  bundt,  bundle  ! 
bunt1,  n.     1.  A  push  or  shove;  a  butt. 

hit  by  which  the  batsman  Is  put  out 
and  a  base-runner  advano  d. 
hun  'tiiiK1, 1  bon'tarj;  2  btin'ting,  r». 

A  liglit  woolen  stuff  used  for  lings; 

hence,  flags,  etc.      [Regarded  as  a 
derlv.  <  G.  bunt,  spotted.] 

bun  'ting*,  n.     One  of  various  birds 
1  to  the  finches  and  spar- 
n  iws;  as,  thecor7i«6unfinff.  [Origin 
unknown.) 

bun'tlng*i  n.    A  stout  timber;  a  support  for  heavy  ma- 
chinery, etc.     [  <  1HNI1,  r] 

bunf'lliie,  1  bwnt'hn;  2  bunt'Iin,  n.  Navi     \  rope  used  in 
h.iuliiig  a  square  sail  up  to  the  yard  for  fui 

Bun 'y an,  |    btm'ysn;  2  bon'yan,  John  ni'iJ8-1688).    An 
uthorof  Pilgrim' b  Progrut. 

bun') on,  n.    Same  as  BUNION. 

buoy,  1  bei  or  btt'i;  2,b6y  or  bu'y.     I.  rf.    1.  To  keep 

i  ;  support  ;  sustain.  2. 
rk  witli  buoys.  II.  n. 
1.  A  float  moored, 
rock  or  shoal,  as  a  guide  to 
navigators.  2.  Any  device 
or  object  for  keeping  a  per- 
son in  the  wat'-r  afloat. 
life'=huo>"I.  [<  I  '  ', 
halter  J —  buoy  'age,      n 

Buoys  collectively; 

of  huoys. 

buoy 'ant,  1  boi'ant  or  bu'- 

yant;  2  My'ant  or  bu'yant. 

Having    the    power    or 

iey  to    float    or    keep 

afloat ;     vivacious;    cheerful; 

hopeful     Syn.:   see  chebr- 
n  i.;     happy;     sanguine. — 
buoy'an-cy,  n.     1.  Bower  or  -r-^- 
tendency  to  keep  afloat.    2. 

ndency  of  a  liquid  Buoys. 

or     L-as     to    keep    an    object      I.  wi.iitiinj  buoj;  i.  Inltt  alr^ilpe;  o, 
afloat;      resultant      upward  '"''J", *ir"f'iPf;  rv  rudder;  "•  v*'";  "• 
pressure  of   fluid  on  an  im-  """"■   £  bp"-'^- 
mersed  or  floating  body.    3.  Elasticity  of  spirits;  cheerful- 
ness,   buoy'ancef.— buoy'ant-ly,  adv. 
bur1,  1  bur;  2  bur,  rt.    [burred;  bur'ring.]    1.  To  remove 


1:3=  final;    I  =  habit;    aisle;    uu  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  fe«d;    diin;    go;    n  =  sires;    fhin,   this.  Bulwer 

119     2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.      bumoose 


burs,  etc.,  from,  as  wool.    2.  Dent.  To  dress  out  (a  cavity) 
with  a  burr.    See  burr1,  n.,  2. 

bur2,  v.    Same  as  burr2,  v. 

bur1,    )  1  bur;  2  bur,  n.    [Commonly  bur  in  literary  and 

burr1,  )  botanical,  burr  in  mechanical  uses.]  1.  A  rough 
or  prickly  flower=head,  or  the  like,  as  of  the  chestnut  and 
burdock.  2.  The  burdock  or  other  plant  that  bears 
burs.  3.  A  protuberance;  lump.  i.  An  impediment  or 
unwelcome  adherent.  5.  Same  as  burr1,  n.  [ME.  burre; 
cp.  Dan.  borre,  burdock.]  —  bur'sinar"l-gold,  n.  A  herb  of 
the  aster  family  having  barbed  awns. 

Bur'bank,  1  bur'bank;  2  bur'bank,  Luther  (1849-  ).  Amer- 
ican horticulturist;  originator  of  new  botanical  varieties. 

bur'bot,  1  bur'bat;  2  bur'bot,  n.    A  fresh=water  fish  with 
barbels    on   the   nose  and 
chin.      [  <    F.     bourbotte. 
eel'=pout"t;  ling}:. 

bur  'bylt,  v.    To  bubble. 

bur'den,  1  bur'dn;  2  bur'-  Burbot.     Vis 

dn,  vt.    To  load  or  overload;  encumber,  as  with  care. 
Syn.:  see  load. 

bur'den1,  n.  1.  Something  heavy  that  is  borne  or  car- 
ried ;  a  load.  2.  The  carrying  capacity  of  a  vessel.  [  < 
AS.  byrthen,  load.]  bur'then ; .  Syn.:  see  load;  weight. — 
bur 'den-some,  a.  Hard  or  heavy  to  bear;  oppressive. 
bur'den-oust.  Syn.:  see  heavy;  troublesome.  — bur'- 
den-some-ly,  adv.  —  bur'den-somc-ness,  n. 

bur'den2,  n.  Something  often  repeated,  as  in  a  song;  re- 
frain.   [<  LI>.F  burdo(n-),  drone.]    bur  'then  \ . 

Bur-dett'=Coutts",  1  bur-det'*kuts";  2  bur-det'=cuts",  An- 
gela Georgiana,  Baroness  (1814-1906).  An  English  phi- 
lanthropist. 

bur'dock,  1  bur'dek;  2  bur'dok,  n.  A  coarse  biennial 
weed,  with  a  globular  bur  and  large  roundish  leaves. 
[<  bur  +  dock,  plant.] 

bu'reau,  1  biu'ro;  2  bu'ro,  n.  [bu'reaus  or  bu'reaux, 
pi.]  1.  [U.  S.]  A  chest  of  drawers  for  clothing,  etc.  2. 
A  public  department;  an  organized  staff  of  literary  work- 
ers, etc.;  also,  the  place  where  the  work  is  done.  3.  A 
writing=desk;  escritoire.    [F.] 

bu-reau'cra-cy,  1  biu-ro'kra-st;  2  bu-ro'cra-cy,  n.  [-ciesz, 
pi.]  1.  Government  by  bureaus,  especially  by  rigid  and  ar- 
bitrary routine.  2.  Government  officials  collectively. — bu'- 
reau-crat,  n. — bu"reau-crat'ic,  a. 

bu-rette',  1  biu-ret';  2  bu-ret',  n.  1.  Chem.  A  finely  gradu- 
ated glass  tube  from  which  a  small  quantity  of  a  solution  can 
be  drawn  off  at  a  time.  2.  A  decorated  cruet;  an  altar=cruet. 
[F.,  <  boire,  drink,  <  L.  bibo,  drink.] 

burg,  1  burg;  2  burg,  n.  A  borough;  village.  [<  AS. 
burg,  burh,  fort,  city.] 

burg.,  abbr.    Burgess,  burgomaster. 

bur'ga-net,  1  bur'ga-net;  2  bur'ga-net,  n.  A  16th=century 
helmet  with  or  without  a  vizor.  [<  OF.  bourgvignote,  Bur- 
gundian  helmet,  <  Bourgogne,  Burgundy.]    bur'go-nett. 

bur'gee,  1  bur'ji;  2  bur'ge,  n.  A  triangular  or  swallow=tailed 
pennant  flown  on  yachts  and  merchant  vessels,  and  bearing 
the  yacht=club  device  or  the  vessel's  name. 

bur'geon,  1  bur'jan;  2  bur'gon.  I.  vl.  To  put  forth  buds; 
sprout,  as  a  branch.  II.  n.  1.  A  bud;  sprout.  2.  A  boss  for 
protecting  the  binding  of  a  book.  [F.,  <  OHG.  burjan, 
raise. 1    bour'geonj;  bur'gelnt- 

bur'gess,  1  b&r'jes;  2  bur'ges,  n.  A  freeman,  citizen,  or 
officer  of  a  borough  or  burg,  bur'geisf. — bur'gess- 
sh In,  n.    The  office  or  dignity  of  a  burgess,    bur'gess-yt. 

burgh,  1  burg  or  bur'o;  2  burg  or  biir'o,  n.  An  incor- 
porated town  or  village;  borough;  originally,  a  castle. — ■ 
burgh  'al,«.  —  burgh  'or,  n.  An  inhabitant,  citizen,  or  free- 
man of  a  borough  or  burgh. 

Burgh'ley,  lbOr'h;  2  bur'ly,  I.ord.  See  Cecil,2.  Biir'leight. 

bur'glar,  1  bOr'glor;  2  bur'glar,  n.  One  who  commits  a 
burglary.  [  <  OF.  born,  borough,  +  laire,  robber.] 
Syn.:  see  Ronnrcit.  -  bur-gla'rl-ous,  a.  -ly,  adv. — bur'- 
glar-izc,  vt.    To  commit  the  crime  of  burglary. 

bur'gla-ry,  1  bur'gla-n ;  2  bur'gla-ry,  re.  [-bibs',  pi.]  The 
breaking  and  entering  of  a  building  (primarily  of  a 
dwelling,  by  night)  with  intent  to  commit  robbery,  or 
other  crime. 

bur 'go-mas"  ter,  1  bur'go-mas"tar;  2  bur'go-mas"ter,  n. 
1.  A  Dutch  municipal  magistrate;  a  mayor.  2.  A  large 
arctic  gull. 

bur'go-net,  n.    Same  as  BXraOANBT. 

Bur-goyne',  1  bur-goin';  2  bur-goyn',  John  (172:1-1792). 
English  general,  surrendered  '"  « latea,  Saratoga,  1777. 

bur'grave,  1  bOr'grev;  2  bur'griiv,  n.  Tin-  governor  or  lord 
of  a  fortified  town  or  a  military  fortress,  [<  O.  burg  (  = 
BOEOtTOH1)  +  grnj,  count,  earl,  lit.  commander.] 

Bur'gun-dy,  1  bur'gun-di;  2  bur'gun-ilv,  n.  1.  A  former 
kingdom,  duchy,  and  later  province  or  l<;.  central  France.  2. 
[-dies,  1  -diz;  2  -dis,  pi.)  A  wine  made  In  this  territory  or  a 
similar  wine  made  elsewhere.     Bur-gun 'dl-an,  u.  <fc  n. 

bur'i-al,  1  ber'i-al;  2  ber'i-al,  n.     The  burying  of  a  dead 


body;  sepulture.  [<  AS.  byrgels,  tomb.]  bur'i-elt; 
bur'i-elst. 

Bu'rl-an,  1  bQ'n-an:  2  bii'rl-an,  Stephan  (1851-  ).  Aus- 
trian count;  statesman;  minister  of  foreign  affairs,  1915. 

bur'i-er,  1  ber'i-ar;  2  ber'i-er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  buries. 

Im  'rin,  1  biu'nn;  2  bu'rin,  n.  An  engraver's  tool;  graver; 
also,  his  style  or  manner  of  execution.    [F.] 

burke,  1  burk;  2  burk,  vl.  [burked<;  burk'ing.]  To  murder 
bv  suffocation.     [<   Burke,  Scotch  murderer,  1829.] 

Burke,  1  burk;  2  burk,  Edmund  (1729-1797).  An  Irish  ora- 
tor, statesman,  and  writer. 

burl,  1  burl;  2  burl.  I.  vt.  To  pick  burls  or  knots  from  (cloth). 
II.  n.  1.  A  knot  or  lump  in  wool,  or  cloth.  2.  A  knot  in  a 
tree;  veneer  made  therefrom.  [<L.".+or{wrra,tultol  wool.l 

our!.,  abbr.    Burlesque. 

bur'Iap,  1  bur'lap;  2  bur'litp,  n.  A  coarse  stuff  of  jute, 
flax,  etc.,  used  for  wrapping. 

bur-lesque',  1  bur-lesk';  2  bur-Iesk'.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [bur- 
lesqued'';  bur-lesqu'ing.]  To  represent  mockingly  or 
ludicrously;  caricature.  II.  a.  Marked  by  ludicrous 
incongruity.  III.  n.  Ludicrous  imitation  or  represen- 
tation; caricature.    Syn.:  see  caricature;  wit. 

bur-let'ta,  1  bur-let'a;  2  bur-let'a,  n.  A  light  comic  opera. 
[It.] 

Bur'llng-ton,  1  bur'lin-tan;  2  bur'ling-ton,  n.  1.  A  city  in 
S.  E.  Iowa;  pop.  24,000.  2.  A  city  in  N.  W.  Vermont;  seat 
of  University  of  Vermont;  pop.  20,000. 

bur'ly1,  1  bur'h;  2  bur'ly,  a.  1.  Large  of  body;  bulky; 
stout;  lusty.  2||.  Bluff  or  rough  in  manner.  [Cp.  OHG. 
burllh,  lofty.]    Syn.:  see  corpulent.  —  bur'li-ness,  n. 

bur'ly2,  a.    Having  burls  or  knots,  as  a  tree. 

Bur 'ma,  1  bur'ma;  2  bur'ma,  n.  The  largest  province  In  E. 
British  India,  composed  of  the  former  provinces  of  Upper 
and  Lower  Burma  and  the  Shan  States;  236,738  sq.  m.; 
pop.  12,113,000;  capital,  Rangoon.— Bur 'man,  ».— Bur- 
mese', a. 

burn,  1  burn;  2  burn,  v.  [burnt  or  burned;  burn'ing.] 
1. 1.  1.  To  destroy,  change,  or  damage  by  fire;  consume; 
scorch.  2.  Chem.  To  unite  chemically  with  oxygen  or 
other  gas,  either  imperceptibly  or  so  rapidly  as  to  pro- 
duce heat  and  light.  3.  Surg.  To  cauterize.  II.  i.  1. 
To  be  in  process  of  consumption  by  fire.  1.  To  appear 
or  feel  hot.  3.  To  be  eager,  intense,  or  excited;  glow. 
4.  To  act  upon  in  a  manner  similar  to  heat;  as,  pepper 
burns  the  mouth.     [  <  AS.  beornan.] 

Syn.:  blaze,  brand,  cauterize,  char,  consume,  cremate, 
flame,  flash,  ignite,  incinerate,  kindle,  scorch,  set  fire  to,  set 
on  fire,  singe.  To  burn  is  to  effect  either  partial  change  or 
complete  combustion;  as,  to  burn  wood  in  the  fire;  to  burn 
one's  hand  on  a  hot  stove;  the  sun  burns  the  face.  One 
brands  with  a  hot  iron,  but  cauterizes  with  some  corrosive 
substance,  as  silver  nitrate.  Cremate  is  now  used  specifically 
for  consuming  a  dead  body  by  intense  heat;  incinerate  (to 
reduce  to  ashes)  differs  little  from  that  of  cremate,  but  is  in 
less  popular  use.  To  kindle  is  to  set  on  fire,  as  if  with  a  can- 
dle; ignite  is  the  more  learned  and  scientific  word  for  the 
same  thing.  To  scorch  and  to  singe  are  superficial,  and  to 
char  usually  so.  Both  kindle  and  burn  have  extensive  figur- 
ative use;  as,  to  kindle  strife;  to  bum  with  wrath,  love,  devo- 
tion, curiosity.  Compare  light. — Ant.:  cool,  extinguish, 
put  out,  smother,  stifle,  subdue. 

— burn'ing,  pa.  Consuming  or  being  consumed  by  fire; 
hot;  fiery;  vehement;  exciting.  Syn.:  see  ardent;  BAGBR; 
hot. — huru'lng:gla.ss",  n.  A  convex  lens,  for  concentrat- 
ing the  sun's  rays  upon  an  object. — burn'ing,  n.  1.  A  state 
or  sensation  of  inflammation.  2.  A  destruction  or  putting  to 
death  by  Are.  3.  The  baking,  as  of  brick  or  pottery.  Syn.: 
see  fire. 

burn1,  n.  1.  An  effect  or  injury  from  burning;  a  burnt 
place.     2.  A  brand. 

burn-',  n.  [Scot.]  A  brook  or  rivulet.  [  <  AS.  burna.\ 
bournt;  bourne; . 

Burne'sJones",  1  burn'-Jonz";  2  burn'-Joinj",  Sir  Edward 
(1833-1898).     A   British  romantic  and  decorative  painter. 

buni'er,  1  b5rn'er;2  bflrn'er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which 
bums;  the  light  -giving  part  of  a  lamp,  etc. 

bur'net,  1  bur'net;2  bur'net,  n.  A  perennial  herb  of  the  rose 
family  having  small  flowers  In  a  dense  head  or  spike. 

Bur'net,  Gilbert  (1643-1715).  A  Scottish  minister  and  his- 
torian; bishop  of  Salisbury. 

Bur'ney,  1  b0r'ni;2  bur'ny,  Frances.    See  D'ARBLAT. 

blir'lllsh',  1  bur'msli;  2  bur'nish,  v.  I.  (.  To  polish  by 
friction;  make  brilliant  or  shining.     II.  i.     To  become 

bright— bur'nish,  n.  Polish:  luster;  brightness.  [< 
OF.  burnir,  polish.]— bur'nlsh-er,  re.  One  who  bur- 
nishes; also,  a  tool  for  polishing  or  burnishing. 

bur-noose',  1  biir-nOs';  2  bur-noos',   n.     I.  A  woolen  cloajs 

with  hood,  worn  by  Arabs  and  Moors.    2.  a  ti led  oloah 

worn  by  women  in  Europe  and  America,     ber-nousc  I; 

boor-noose'!;  Imr-nous';;  lioiir-iions't ;  bur'nost; 
bur 'nous  J;  biir-noiise't  ■ 


Hum- 
tint  Ion 


I        v  ii       a ftr;  fall, rQls;  bot,bOrn; 

.  v  iii  i  0     ■>'.  » An,         Via 


tuirr 


hurr 


K         ;  ,      national 

Vini..       .    |  .  .  r.  I  I 

I 
II  I 

'     i  ■>  » Mr.  murmur 
I  illy  our 

I .     '. 
In'   drill    with 
hurr      .Irill  .1.     V    millstone    m 

iiuiir  .     t  ning  leading  to  tli>- 

.'•.   \  ■  ■  .    J  ring  on  the  si 

.\  to  lea  p  the  hand  tr..m 
I 
i .  .'.  \nv  roughi 

:t.    \  » hirring  sound;   i  ; 
i.ur   .  ited  with  in  it',  n  ) 

hurr  .  IT     [ME   buncht.bur- 

hur:. 
Burr,  v.iron  tmertcan  politician. 

I.ur   n  I.  \    BO  • '.    •■  I     I  -loth    Of 

i  in  m  )    bor'rell ; 

burn  II 
Bur  rill.  I'.llhu   (1810    1878        An    Miicrl- 

"the  learned  blacksmith." 
inir  r...  [8p  .  ..r  Southwestern  l    8.] 

k-:iiiini.il 
Hur  rosagke,]  j.ihn   \<\~-        ).  An  Amer- 

ican natur.i  ton  nature  th(  d 

luirr.i".  Lt    To  dig  a>  burrow  into 

II.         I  ■  ■  dig  into,  under,  nr 
.f..-  or  live  in  a  burrow.—  bur'- 
rmv-i  r. 
bur'niH.         l.   k  hols  ruiiili' iu  and  under  the  ground,  aa 
'.'.  \  i j i . . 1 1 r i« I  "r  barrow. 
bavr'stsMM    .  }  bflr'ston*,  n.    A  cellular  but  very 

compact  siliceous  rock  (roan  which  Die  best  millstones  are 
liulir         l>ur'-  or  burrlr  -toiie":. 
burr),  l  iiur'i;  2  bur'y.  ,\     Having  or  reeembllng  burs. 
liur-.r.  r,  n     1 .  A  t  reasurer,  as  of  a  college. 

•..)    A  beneficiary  student. 
I.ur  Vi-r>.  1  bur'sd-n:  2  bur'sa-ry.  n.     [-ries*.  pi.)     1.  The 
treasury  ot  a  public  Institution  or  a  religious  ordrr      2. 
.-ant  or  foundation  for  the  maintenance  of  bene- 
■     students.    [<  LL.  bursarta.  <  bursa;  see  burse.] 
bur-.  .  1  burs;  2  burs.  n.     1.  A  purse.    2.  Eccl.  A  cover  for  a 
challce-cloth,  ••        I.  A   buraarj      4t.     A  bourse.     1<   F. 
•     <  Gr.  bursa,  hide.) 
■nrtlem,  I  bOTiOem;2  bura/lem,  n.    A  pottery  manufactur- 

-•>u«h  In  central  England;  pop.  39.000. 

burst,  .r-t.  r.     (burst;  buk-i  'nia  ]    I.  I.    To 

:  iily  or  violently      II.  i      1.  To  suffer 

•:i  an  internal  force.    2.  To  become  suddenly 

forth,  out,  or  away:  with  forth, 

Ian.)    Syn.:  see  break:  rend. 

bur-t.         1.  r  violent  explosion,  rending;,  or 

rush. 
bur  iii.  ii.  l  bOr'mn:  2  bur' dm,  r.  &  n.    Same  aa  burden.— 

bur  Hi    i  --..in.  . 
Burl.".  I     >lr  Blchard  Francis 

r  and  writer;  translator  of 

:.  Robert  (1577-1640).  an  English 

Anatomy  of  Sttlancholy. 

bur'y.  l  :  ■  -'::  2  beVy,  rf.    [buu'led;  Btnry-rjfG.]    I.  To 

put  h 

.'..  deeply; 

n,  hide,  pn  iteel  | 
Srn_-    conceal,  cover,   entomb,   hide.    Int.  r 

•     •  lally  cozertrl  and  hidden  under  any 

mass  or  accumulation   Ls  burled.     Money  Is  bur  ltd  In  the 

.ii  the  sea;  a  paper  Is  buritd  under 

•■urled  la  hidden  or  concealed; 

but  there  a-  'ling  or  concealing  a  thing 

may  DC  cmcrtd  with  wraps. 

and  Dot  m       Jiuru  may  be  u 

)eet.  entomb  awl  ■•  fa  dead  body.    Figuratively, 

on*  may  tx-  In  bustneas,  in  stu 

Ant.:  bring  to  light,  disclose,  dis- 
inter, exhume,  expose,  raise,  restore,  reveal,  -how,  uncover 
bur'>  dne  ground". 
bur") .  n     A  borough:  castle;  manor ;  often  In  romposltlon;  as, 

Bur')    M.    Kd'mund-.      At:    indent  town  In  southeast  En- 

I  for  Edi  Martyr;"  pop.  17,000. 

Mis,  iDoqJ    An  omnibus:  an  abbreviated 

term,  often  written  'but.    bu->,;. 


i. ii-  i.\ .  »i.   (ui'n'iiii    •,  ,■ ;  i    \  tall  fui  i  ap 

1 
iiu-ii  .  .  I.  I     I.  I ..  prop  v* nil  bushes 

'.'.  i.ii  ii i..«  l.\  draw ing  bushi 

.  1-.  dgt  d  ha  II 

.  .-  ..r  1 1 k ■  ■  bushes;  !>•-  ..i  boo bu  hj  . 

bush  .         i  o  line  «iili  other  mati  rial,  aa  a  gun*ohamber, 

an  :i\l. -l.i  aring,  n  pi\  ol»holi  .  i 
lui-h  .         I.  A  low  u.  i  »like  |.l:uii  or  thickly  branching 
shrub     I,   'i        iibby  growtn,  oi  land  covered  bj  tucn 
a  .ill  undergrovi  il.     :<•  \  bougl 
ign  for  a  tavern;  henoe,  a  tavern     1.  A  foi     brush, 
I-    Kan  ii-..  j..  inisii       t  >  i  ■  - 1  ■ '  i  >  <  •  >  " .       tbuahmen      bueh'- 
iii. in.  .  ;  1.  [Austral.]  I  dweller  or  fanner  In  the 

Lush.  2.  [8  Afr.]  One  of  an  aboriginal  nomadic  tribe 
hu-.irraiiii'Vr.  n  One  who  ranges  the  bush ;  al  o|  tu  tral  I, 
an  outlaw  Irving  in  the  bush  h.«rlder.  n.  (Austral. ]  \  pro- 
si  ranger  on  a  buarMarm  basn'wnack"erf  n.  1- 
One  who  ranges  or  fights  in  the  bush;  a  guerrilla  '.'•  \  tout 
f..r  cutting  bushes,  or  one  who  uses  it.  bush'" 
Hh.uk".  bush 'whacking,  n  bush 'y,  a,  i.  Cov« 
ered  with  buahi       '.'.  Like  a  bush;  shaggy,    husiri-i), 

hilsli'l-ness,  n. 

lui-h  .         '•/  \   bushing  D  box,    <   L. 

buium.  boxwood  article,  ■    bunts.  boxwood«tree  l 
bii-.li..  o  Bushel,  bushels 

buah'el,  l  busn'el;  l'  buah'ol.  at    [C,  s  i    To  mend  or  alter, 

sa  men's  clothes      bush'el-er,  n.    ITJ.  B.j    A  repairer  of 

nun's  farm,  nis      hush'i'l-ler ; ;  bush  'el-nian  I  ;  DUSh'el- 

wo'inan:.    lui-h  .  i-ing,  n     The  repairing  of  garments. 

buah'el,  a.    A  measure  ol  capacitj  .  four  pecks,  or  a 
holding  tliat  amount.    See  iu  tat  rta.     bush 'el-age,  n. 
Duties  levied  by  the  bu 

btish'iiiK,  1  bush'in;  L'  bush'ine,  ...    1.  A  metallic  lining 
hole,  as  in  the  hub  oi  a  whotA     2.  A  tube  for  inser- 
tion into  a  pump«barre]  .t  a  pulley»bore  to  reduce  the 
diameter,    bouch'lng  . 

Bu-shlre'i  1  bQ-shlr';  l'  i  u->irir'.  a.  a  aeapori  town  on  tin- 
Persian  Gulf,  Persia;  pop  -'."..nun     Ban 'del  Bu'shlret. 

bush 'men  tt  i  n.    l.  An  ambush;  ambuscade.    8.  a  thicket. 

bus'l-ly,  1  hiz'i-li;  2  blg'i-ly ,  odi      Actively;  industriously. 

biis'i-iii'ss,  1  bis'i-nea;  2  blg'i-nSs,  n.  I.  A  pursuit  or  occu- 
pation; trade;  profession;  calling.  2.  A  matter  or  affair; 
interest ;  concern;  duty.  3.  A  commercial  enterprise  or 
lishmenl 
Syn.:  art,  avocation,  barter,  calling,  commerce,  concern, 
craft,  duty,  employment,  handicraft,  industry,  Job,  labor, 
occupation,  profession,  trade,  tradink'.  traffic,  vocation, 
work.  nrhat  one  follows  regularly  and  for  profit; 

an  occupation  is  what  he  is  engaged  In.  ell  her  com  Inuoualy  or 
temporarily,  for  any  purpose,  whel  her  of  profll .  or  of  amuse- 

mint ,  li-arnlng,  philanthropy,  elc.     Put    lit  I    BU  Occupation 

which  one  follows  with  ardor,  a  profession  implies  schoiar- 
ship;  as,  the  learned  proft  tion(-    i.  voco,  call) 

or  a  calling  Is  that  to  which  one  feels  himself  called,  as  by 
special  Illness  or  sense  of  duty;  an  avocation  (<  L.  a,  ab, 
away,  +  roco.  call)  Is  something  that  calls  one  away  for  a 
time  from  his  vocation  or  busim  -.  A  |ob  is  a  piece  of  busi- 
ness viewed  and  paid  for  as  a  single  undertaking;  colloqui- 
ally, any  regular  employment  Is  often  termed  a  wb.  Trade 
and  commerce  may  be  used  as  equivalents,  but  trade  may 
have  a  more  limited  appll  the  trade  of  a  village, 

the  rommerce  of  a  nation;  In  the  special  sense,  a  tnide  Is  an 
occupation  Involving  manual  training  and  skilled  labor. 
li'irii  r  Is  the  direct  exchange  of  commodll  lea  W  11  DOUt  use  of 
money.  Work  Is  any  application  of  energy  to  .secure  a 
result,  or  the  result  thus  secured,  we  may  speak  of  the  work 
ot  an  artist,  or  of  a  street  •cleaner.  A  single  branch  of  pro- 
ductive work  is  called  an  industry;  as.  the  atecl  Industry. 
Labor  Is  ordinarily  used.  In  this  connection,  for  unskilled 
WOTk;  impl",  I    done  iii   the  service  of  another. 

Art  In  the  Industrial  sen-..-  Is  a  System  of  rules  and  methods 

fur  at  i  ome  practical  rcsull .  .'is.  the  art  of  print- 

ing; collectively,  the  arte.  A  cm/t  is  some  occupation  requir- 
ing technical  skill  or  manual  dexterity,  or  the  persons,  col- 
lect iveiv,  engaged  In   its  exercise;  as,  the  weaver's  craft. 

Compare   ACTION;    DTJTT;    TRAFFIC;   TRANSACTION;    WORK 

Aut.:  Idleness,  Inaction,  inactivity,  Indolence,  leisure,  unem- 
ployment, vacation. 

busk,  1  busk;  2  husk,  rt.  &  el.  [Scot,  or  Obs.]  To  dress;  deck; 
ady;  prepare. 

busk,  n.  1.  A  thin,  elastic  strip  of  wood,  whalebone,  or  steel, 
placed  In  a  corset  or  the  like.  J.  A  corset.  [<  F.  busc,  per- 
haps doublet  of  boti,  wood. | 

bus'kin,  1  lio.s'kin;  2  boVkin,  n.  A  laced  half»boqt, 
worn  by  Athenian  tragic  actors;  hence,  tragedy.  [Origin 
uncertain.]  — bus'klned,  a. 

busk'jt,  a.    Bosky; burly. 

buss\  1  bus;  2  bfls,  a.  [Archaic  or  Dial.]  I.  t.  To  sulute  with 
a  smacking  kiss.    II.  i.    To  kiss     [Cp.  G.  dial,  bustm.] 

buss1,  n.    [Archaic  or  Dial.]    A  kiss;  smack. 


l:a  =  final;    l  =  habit:    aisle:    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cfhin;    go;.  n  =  sires;    thin,   this.         .B,"ns 
121         2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule.-   cure,    but,    burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,         button 


buss2,  n.    A  two-masted  fishing-vessel.    [  <  OF.  busse,  <  LL. 

bussa,  boat,  box,  <  buxis;  see  bushel,  n.) 
buss3,  re.    An  omnibus.    See  bus. 

bust,  1  bust;  2  bust,  n.     The  human  chest  or  breast;  a 
piece  of  statuary  representing  the  human  head,  shoul- 
ders, and  breast.    [  <  LL.It+F  bustum,  trunk  of  the  body.) 
bus'tard,  1  bus'tard;  2  bus'tard,  re.     A  large  Old  World 

game-bird  related  to  the  plovers  and  cranes. 
bus'tl(ep,  1  bus'l;  2  bus'l,  vt.  &  vi.    [bus'tled,  bus'tldp; 
bus'tling.]    To  hurry;  hustle;  make  a  stir  or  fuss.    [  < 
Ice.  bustla,  bustle,  splash  about.]  — bus'tlins;,  pa.    Syn.:  see 
active;  alert;  busy. 
bus'tle1,  re.    Excited  activity;  noisy  stir;  fuss. 

Syn.:  see  tumult. 
bus'tle2,  n.    A  pad  worn  by  women  on  the  back  below  the 

waist  to  distend  the  skirts. 
bus'y,  1  biz'i;  2  big'y.  1' vt.  &  vi.  [bus'ied;  bus'y-ing.] 
To  make  or  be  busy;  keep  employed;  occupy  oneself. 
II.  a.  [bus'i-er;  bus'i-est.]  1.  Intensely  active;  con- 
stantly or  habitually  occupied.  2.  Temporarily  en- 
gaged; not  at  leisure.  3.  Officiously  active;  prying; 
meddling.  4.  Pertaining  to  or  filled  with  business.  [  < 
AS.  bysig,  active.] 

Syn.:  active,  assiduous,  diligent,  employed,  engaged,  in- 
dustrious, occupied.  Busy  applies  to  an  activity  which  may 
be  temporary,  industrious  to  a  habit  of  life.  We  say  a  man 
Is  busy  just  now;  it,  would  be  ridiculous  or  satirical  to  say,  he 
is  indtislrious  just  now.  But  busy  can  be  used  in  the  sense 
of  industrious,  us  when  we  say  he  is  a  busy  man.  Diligent 
indicates  also  a  disposition,  which  is  ordinarily  habitual,  and 
suggests  more  of  heartiness  and  volition  than  industrious. 
We  say  one  is  a  diligent,  rather  than  an  industrious  reader  of 
the  Bible.  The  assiduous  worker  gives  patient  and  unremit- 
ting devotion  to  a  task  until  it  is  done,  or  until  nothing  more 
can  be  done.  Compare  active;  industrious;  industry; 
(verb)  see  occupy.  —  Ant.:  careless,  dilatory,  dull,  idle,  in- 
active, indolent,  lazy,  listless,  negligent,  remiss,  slack, 
slothful. 

— bus'y-bod"y,  n.    [-bod"iesz,  pi.]    One  who  officiously 
meddles  with  the  affairs  of  others. 
but,  1  but;  2  but,  v.    [BUT'TEDd;  but'ting.]    To  abut. 
but1,  n.    A  verbal  objection,  exception,  or  condition. 
but2,  n.    [Scot.]    The  kitchen  or  outer  room  of  a  two-roomed 

house.     [<  but,  adi\]    buttf. 
but3,  n.    [Local,  Eng.)    A  flounder. 

but,  adv.     1.  No  otherwise  than;  no  more  than;  only; 

merely;  simply.     2.  [Scot.]  In  or  to  the  outer  room  or 

outer  air;  out. — to  be  but  and  ben  witb,  to  live  in  close 

Intimacy  with. 

but,  prep.     Leaving  out;  with  the  exception  of;  except; 

barring. 
but,  conj.  1.  Omitting  or  excluding  the  fact  that;  with 
the  exception  that;  except.  2.  Otherwise  than  (that) ; 
in  every  direction  except  (that);  more  than  (that).  3. 
Still,  on  the  contrary;  yet,  on  the  other  hand;  neverthe- 
less; however.  4.  Tho  it  be  true  that;  however  that  may 
be;  notwithstanding;  tho;  even  if.  5.  In  addition  to 
that;  moreover;  besides;  again:  approaching  the  mean- 
ing of  and.  6.  From  the  fact  that;  that.  7.  When;  be- 
fore; than.    [  <  AS.  butan,  except,  without.] 

Syn.:  and,  barely,  besides,  except,  further,  however,  just, 
merely,  moreover,  nevertheless,  notwithstanding,  only,  pro- 
vided, save,  still,  that,  tho,  unless,  yet.  Hut  ranges  from  the 
faintest  contrast  to  absolute  negation;  as,  I  am  willing  to 
go, but  (on  the  other  hand)  content  to  stay;  he  is  not  an  hon- 
est man.  but  (on  the  contrary)  a  villain.  Except  and  except- 
ing are  slightly  more  emphatic  than  but.  Such  cxpre&sions 
as  "words  are  but  breath"  (nothing  but)  may  be  referred  to 
the  restrictive  use  by  ellipsis.  "Doubt  but"  is  now  less  used 
than  the  more  logical  "doubt  that."  Hut  never  becomes  a  full 
synonym  for  and;  and  adds  something  like,  but  adds  some- 
thing different:  "brave  and  tender"  implies  that  tenderness 
is  natural  to  the  brave;  "brave  but  tender"  implies  that  brav- 
ery anil  tenderness  are  rarely  combined.  Compare  not- 
withstanding.—  Ant.:  see  because. 
hut.,  abbr.    [L.l    liutyrum  (butter). 

butch 'cr,  1  budl'ar;  2  buch'er.  I.  vt.  1.  To  slaughter 
(animals)  for  market;  hence,  to  kill  men  barbarously  or 
brutally.  2.  [Colloq.]  To  ruin  by  bungling  treatment; 
murder,  as  a  part  in  a  play.  II.  n.  1.  One  who  slaugh- 
ters animals  or  deals  in  meats  for  food.  2.  A  bloody  or 
cruel  murderer.  [ <  OHG.'  bocch,  he-goat.)  Syn.:  see  KILL. 
— butch'er=bird",  ra.  A  shrike:  named  from  the  habit  of 
Impaling  Its  prey  (small  animals,  reptiles,  etc.)  upon  thorns 
to  devour  It  more  readily,  btltch'ci'-cr,  rt.  A  butcher 
butch'er-ly,  n.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  butcher,  hutch'- 
er-y,  n.  [-iksz,  pi.)  1.  Wanton  or  wholesale  slaughter.  2. 
[Gt.  Brit.)  A  slaughter-house;  the  butcher's  trade.    Syn.:  see 

MASSACRE. 

butler1,  1  butler;  2  btit'lcr,  n.     1.  A  man  servant  in 
charge  of  the  dining-room,  wine,  plate,  etc.  2.  Formerly, 


an  official  in  charge  of  a  royal  wine-cellar,  and  some- 
times of  the  wine-trade.  [<  OF.  bouteillier,  <  LL. 
buticularius,  <  buticula;  see  bottle1,  n.]  —  but'ier-afre,  n. 

I.  The  butler's  department.  2.  [Eng.]  Formerly,  a  duty  on 
wines. — but'ler-shfp,  n.  The  office  of  a  butler. — but'- 
ler-y,  n.    [-iesz,  pi.)    The  butler's  pantry. 

But'ler2,  n.  1.  Benjamin  Franklin  (181S-1893),  an 
American  lawyer,  politician,  and  general.  2.  Joseph  (1692— 
1752),  an  English  theologian  and  bishop;  Analogy  of  Religion. 
3.  Samuel  (1612-16S0;,  an  English  humorous  poet:  Hudi- 
bras.  [ment. 

but'ment,  1  bnt'ment  or  -mant;  2  but'ment,  n.    Abut- 

butt1'1,  I  1  but;  2  but,  vt.  &  vi.    1.  To  strike  with  or  as  with 

butp,  5  the  head  or  horns.  2.  To  project;  jut;  abut.  [< 
OHG.OF  buzan,  strike.] 

butt2<i,  v.  l.t.  To  cut  off  the  end  of  smoothly.  II.  i.  To  cut 
through  the  butt  of  a  log. 

butt1,  n.  1.  The  larger  or  thicker  end  of  anything,  as  of  a 
log.  2.  That  end  or  edge  of  a  piece  of  timber  where  it 
comes  squarely  against  another  piece,  or  the  joint  thus 
formed.  3.  A  hinge.  4.  A  target  for  a  rifle  or  cannon 
range,  or  the  range  itself,  often  plural  in  the  latter  sense; 
also,  the  shelter  for  the  score-marker.  5.  A  target  for 
ridicule  or  criticism.  6.  A  limit;  bound.  [<  OF.  but, 
bot,  <  boter;  see  butt1,  v.]  butt. — butt'=bolt",  n.  An 
arrow,  without  a  barb,  to  shoot  at  butts.    butt'=shaft"t. 

butt-,  n.  1.  A  stroke,  thrust,  or  push  with  or  as  with  the 
head.    2.  A  fencing-thrust,    butt.. 

butt3,  n.  A  large  cask;  a  measure  of  wine,  126  U.  S.  gal- 
lons; a  pipe.    [  <  F.  botte,  cask.]    butt.. 

butt4,  n.     Same  as  but3,  n. 

butte,  1  biut;  2  but,  n.  A  conspicuous  hill  or  natural  tur- 
ret. [F.]    butej. 

Butte,  n.    A  city  (pop.  39,000)  of  S.  W.  Montana. 

but'ter1,  1  bnt'ar;  2  btit'er.    I.  vt.    To  put  butter  upon. 

II.  n.  1.  The  fatty  constituent  of  milk,  separated  by 
churning.  2.  A  substance  having  the  consistency  or 
other  qualities  of  butter,  as  the  chlorids  of  some  metals, 
and  certain  easily  fused  vegetable  oils.  [  <  Gr.L+AS 
boutyron,  prob.  <  bous,  cow,  +  tyros,  cheese.]— but'ter- 
milk",  n.    The  liquid  left  after  churning  milk. 

butt'er2,  n.    A  person  or  animal  that  butts. 

but'ter-cup",  1  but'ar-kup";  2  but'er-cup",  n.  A  species 
of  crowfoot  (Ranunculus)  with  yellow  cup-shaped  flow- 
ers; also,  the  flower.  but'ter=flow"erJ;  gold'cup"t; 
klng'cup"J. 

but'ter-fly",  1  but'ar-flni";  2  bfit'er-fly",  n.  [-flies"z,  pi] 

1.  A  diurnal  lepidopterous  insect,  with  brightly  colored 
wings.    2.  A  gay  idler  or  trifler.    [  <  AS.  buttorfleoge.] 

but'ter-in,    )  1  bot'ar-in,  -in  or  -in;  2  btit'er-in,  -In  or  -in, 
but'ter-ine, X  n.     Artificial  butter;  oleomargarin. 
but'ter-nut",  1  but'or-nut";  2  but'er-nfit",  n.     1.  The 

oily  edible  nut  of  the 

North -American 

white    walnut;    also, 

the  tree.     2.  An  oily 

nut-like  seed  of  a  tall 

tree  of  the  tea  family, 

of     British     Guiana. 

sou-a'ri=nut"|. 
but'ter-y,    1    but'ar-i; 

2  but-er-y.  I.  a.  Con- 
taining,   like,   or 

smeared  with  butter. 

II.  n.    [-iesz,   pi]    1. 

A   pantry;     a     wine- 
room  or    wine-cellar. 

2.  In  the  English  uni- 
versities, a  place  in 
each  college  from  , 
which  the  si  udents  are 
supplied  with  provisions,  as  bread,  butter,  ale,  etc. — 
but'ter-y  =  bar",  n.  A  ledge  or  shelf  on  a  buttery-hatch. — 
h.'hatch,  n.    A  half-door  opening  Into  a  buttery. 

but'tock,  1  bnt'ak ;  2  biit'ok,  n.  1.  The  hinder  part  of  a 
ship's  hull.     2.  pi     The  rump  , 

but'ton,  1  bnt'n;  2  biit'n,  v.  l.t.  To  fasten  with  or  as 
with  a  button  or  buttons.  II.  i.  To  admit  of  being 
buttoned.  — but'ton-er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  buttons; 
a  button-hook. 

but'ton.  n.  1.  A  knob  or  disk,  as  of  bone  or  metal,  by 
which  one  part  of  a  garment  may  be  fastened  to  another. 
2.  A  pivoted  fastener  tor  a  door,  window,  etc.    3.  A 

knob  or  pn.t  ulieranee.  4.  pi.  A  boy  in  attendance;  a 
page:  so  called  from  the  buttons  on  his  uniform.  [< 
OF.  baton,  bud,  button  ]  -but'ton. hook",  n.  A  hook  for 
buttoning  gloves  or  shoes—  but'ton-y,  a.  Of  the  nature  of, 
resembling,  or  covered  with  buttons. 


Butternut. 

i.  nut  with  and  v 
C  ebiu'k  rotuoved 


lull  tOlltl.   |{ 

r*rtus 

hill    loli-tloli     . 


i      i  ii..'        oV  not.  «r;  fn       o       I  »•   bOrn; 

>     i  ■       .  It, lee;  I  l"i;j on,   UH 


l. 

'. 
* 

l.  I ' 

i  iir  \\  •  .t 


I. u    I  >  -r 
liii-l  .  r   I.  . 

I',  Ra       BStti    i>."  ''.'  ■:\>'\  f"  'in  I'Ui  I.  r 


liUV    i 
1.     I 

allv 


tin//. 


'      North 

Front   of  Westmln- 
-ter  Abbey. 


I>||  '  t  >  -  r I  r  l  • 

illl     !ltl<l 

-  rid  u-ii- 
'.'.    Brisk  :in'l 

J    meaning. 
■Ij .  -in--.  . 

[bought;  Btrrwo.]    1. 1.    1.  Toob- 
.'.   .       •  ibe;  corrupt,    8,  To 
II. 

lnii  .i-l>l  .■   .  bu>  'er,  n. 

- .  r     I.  (.    'i'o  whisper;  gossip.    II.  i. 

r;    murmur;    vibrate, 
iiu//  .  r.        i  or  that  which  busses. 

Ins  a  buzzing  sound,  as  on  a  tele- 
phone switchboard       Ipu//'  -.in",  n.      A  circular  saw:  so 
' 
l)ii//.         1 .    .  I  of  bees,  oi  talk,  or  of  dis- 

.'. 
buz'zard  .  1.  ral  large 

red  •tailed  bu/./ard  or  hi  w 
.'.  Itir'- 

kej  >bni  /ir.i   .       I    .    \  blockhead; 
•     j  <  I.  °*  but* ...  buzzard] 

I.u/    /  if   I    . 

as   a   cockchafer,    moth.  im/'- 

i  ir,|   . 
b.  ».,  ;.       Bern  tab  (farewell p.— 

I!      \       M,    abbr.      [L.|    Bella    Ylrg, 
try).— bx. 
gMr.  [bxs..  pi  I     1'. 
by,  1  boi;  2  by.  a.    Bye:  ti 
by  used  adj 
son.' 

B)J  ,  I .  minor 

b)  e. 

■  -.:••  .--  .•■      '!.   \  gi  pal,  .-i-  in 

'. 
run  • 

pa.'-  t*r — 

b)  the  »p>  t       i'.-  ntally: 

b  1  .  I  • 

;.  Unerlcan   Red-tailed   Buz- 
zard.    Vio 

■  if-;  aside,  as 

ofT;  up.    4.  A1   an 

byet- 

Ant.:  - 

•  'if  which  are 
self-explaining  In  class*?- 
Inconspicuous:  retired;  as,  psralley,  b 
dental  or  secondary;  as.  &K-a't. '^■aim  (3  Private  or  clan- 
destine: sometimes,  underhand  as,  t>|p«conIerenee,  '/j/-deslgn, 
frvgaln.  i*i  Aside;  as,  by-glauce.  Oyviev,.  (5,  Near:  as.  by 
dweller,  by-sltter. 


I 

•  ■ii  suhslanl  l> 
3  .    m  once;  iiiitiii'iii.iti  i.      It.    -•  iMi.i'i  i\      5t.  Close  !<►- 
by  and  large.    I.  In  Its  fulness:  In  al 
Alternately  »■  n  up  to  and  off  from  the  wind:  said  ol 
bj    bid  ii'  r.        \  I,,  raon  w  >"■  bids 
met Ion,  not  in  purchase,  bul  onl 
ii\   i. i.i.iim:.  ■'      bj  ■eleetlon,  Brll 

field  to  nil  a 

ii)  -riul.  >.      mi  Incidental  '    ■  by* 

ii>  lane,  »•  >  pith,  by  •road,  bj  street,  byway, 

patb,  road,  street,  or  way:  bypath, 

.  and  byway  often  used  figu  bj  Dame,  n 

name;  epithet      bynamet,  si     by*ordlnary,  a 

■  'p:i  ii  coin  MH  m  or  onl  I  nary,     b)  Mini  I  liar  ; .      b)  '|ila>  ", 

i.  \in d  iin  stage  conducted  thr  irdumb 

show  as  an  accompaniment  to  tbe  main  action,    'i.  Kn  diver- 
sion from  [be  main  action       b)  'product,  n.      An  a, 

product  resulting  from  some  specific  process ;  .is.  ooaVtar  las 
..,(  in  tbe  manufacture  of  gas     bystatlon,  n.    A 
•  ,.i,      b>  .time,  n    [Scot  :  I  elsure  time 
b> ,  i.l  (pressing  relations  of  place  or  direction: (1) 

Alongside  of;  next  I  i      (2)    Uong  the  line  of;  beside; 
past;  over  '.'■  the  relal  ion  of 

\.  cause,  means,  or  instrument:  (1)  Through  the 
agency  or  means  of;  with,  (2)  Through  the  help  S. 
In  acoordanoe  with;  aoeording  to,  taking,  or  regardina 
n-  s  standard.    4.  rd;  as,  to  -ail 

west  by  north.    •>•  relations  of  quantil 

To  the  extent,  number,  or  amount  oi 

i  ]  More  than.  tt.  Expressing  relations  ol  time: 
Xi.t  later  than;  in  tin-  tim<-  of;  during  7.  Expressing 
rioni  in  possession  ■  > i :  with.  M.  Expressing  order, 
arrangement,  etc:  ( 1 1  In  connection  with;  alongside  of; 
arranged  with  or  in,  (2)  Multiplied  Into;  in  connection 
or  measurement  with.  9.  Expressing  the  relation  of  an 
action  to  its  object:  (1)  With  regard  to;  for:  to.  (2)|| 
-t:  derogatory  to.  10.  In  the  name,  presence,  or 
view  i  tths  or  adjurations.    11.  [North.  Eng. 

it.j  Besides.  [  <  AS.  bi,  big.]  byet. 
Syn.:  by  means  of,  through,  wltb.  Hy  refers  to  the  agent; 
through,  to  the  means,  cause,  or  condition;  With,  io  he  In- 
strument. By  commonly  refers  io  persons:  With,  to  things; 
through  may  refer  to  either.  The  road  having  become  Im- 
passable through  long  disuse,  a  way  was  opened  by  pli 
irith  axes.     Hy.  however,  may  be  applied  to  any  Object  which 

bj  viewed  as  partaking  of  action  and  agency;  as,  tbe  metal 

was  corroded  by  the  acid;  skill  Is  gained  by  practise.  H  ' 
speak  of  communicating  with  a  person  by  letter.  Through 
Implies  a  more  distant  connection  than  by  or  «  tth,  and  more 
Intervening  elements.  Material  objects  are  perceived  by 
the  mind  through  the  senses.  By  Is  in  frequent  use  after  call, 
Judge,  know,  measure,  perceive,  see,  seem.  take,  understand. 
'  Indicate  the  determining  object;  as,  to  call  by  name; 
I  Judge  by  his  dress  that  he  Is  poor.  I  saw  by  his  glance  that 
he  was  a  rogue;  accompanied  and  attended  take  by  of  persons, 
with  (commonly)  of  things;  we  say,  surrounded  by. 

— by  all  means,  certainly;  on  every  account.  — by  one- 
self, alone;  apart;  unassisted.  — by  reason,  by  reason 
that  .  because  bj  reason  of,  on  account  of  by  then, 
at  or  before  that  time.  -  by  the  way.  1.  on  or  beside  the 
road.  2.  Incidentally.  See  bx  thf.  bt  (under  by,  n.).— by'« 
times',  adv.  [Scot,  or  Ons.)   Betimes;  early. 

bye,  1  bed;  2  by,  a.    Not  principal  or  main;  secondary. 

bye,  n.    BameasBT.fi. 

by'gonfe"p,  1  bai'gen";  2  by'Son".  I.  a.  Gone  by;  for- 
ni'-r,  past;  out-of-date.  II.  n.  Something  past;  that 
which  has  gone  by.        [nate  to  a  constitution  or  charter. 

by'slaw",  1  boi'-lo";  2  by'-la",  n.     A  rule  or  law  subordi- 

by'«past",  1  bai'-pnst";2  by'-past",  a.    Bygone. 

byre.  1  bolr;  2  hyr,  n.  [Scot.)  A  cow-stable.  [=  bower1. J 
byarf;  byerf,  [oath  or  expletive. 

b>r'la"dyt,  byr'la"klnt,  inter].    By  our  lady!  an  old  form  of 

By'ron.  1  bai'ran; 2 byron,  Lord,  George  Noel  Gordon  Byron 
(1788  is;M'  An  English  poet. — By-ron'lc,  a.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  Lord  Byron  or  his  style;  romantic;  passionate. 
H>  -ro 'iil-an  J ;  B) -ron  'l-cal J. 

by'statiil"er,  1  boi'stand'sr;  2  by'stSnd'er,  n.  One  who 
.stand-  by;  a  looker-on.    Syn.:  see  SPECTATOR. 

by 'word",  1  boi'wprd';  2  liv-'wurd",  n.  1.  An  object  of 
derision,  2.  A  nickname.  3.  A  trite  saying.  [<  AS. 
Wtoord,  <  M,  by,  +  word,  word.]    Syn.:  see  adage. 

byz'ant,  n.    Same  as  bezant,    by-zan'tlnet- 

By-zan'tl-um,  1  bi-zan'sTn-um;  2  by-zan'shl-um,  n.  An  an- 
cient City,  now  <  onstantlnople.  on  the  Bosporus.  —  By-zan'- 
tlne,  n     of  or  pertaining  to  Byzantium.     By-zan'tl-ant. 

B/u  'ra,  1  nsu'iu  :  2  psu'ra.  n  A  river  In  ltn"s!an  Poland,  trib- 
utary of  the  Vistula;  scene  of  German  advance  against  Rus- 
sia. Dec.  20-26,  1914,  and  Feb.  1,  1915,  and  repulse  by  Rus- 
sia. Feb.  2-4,  1915. 


1:9=  final;    i  =  hablt;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    IO  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  eing;    fhin,   this,   buttonhole 
123   2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   611,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  cactus 


C  C   Roman. 


Black 
Letter. 


Script. 


C,  C,  1  si;  2  ce,  n.  [cees,  C's,  or  Cs,  1  slz;  2  ce§,  p/.]  The 
third  letter  in  the  English  alphabet. 

C,  abbr.  Ca?sar,  Caius,  [L.)  calendse  (calends),  Catholic, 
Centigrade,  chairman,  chancellor,  chancery,  chief,  church, 
Congress,  conservative,  consul.  Court. — C,  abbr.  Caput, 
carbon,  carton,  cent,  centime,  centimeter,  centum,  century, 
chapter.  [L.]  circa,  circiter,  ctrcum  (about),  city,  (Nam.  log* 
book)  cloudy,  conductor,  congius,  court,  cubic. — Ca.,  abbr. 
Calcium. — ca.,  abbr.  Cases,  centare. — C.  A.,  abbr.  Char- 
tered accountant,  chief  accountant,  commercial  agent,  Con- 
federate army,  controller  of  accounts. 

Ca'a-ba,  n.    Same  as  Kaaba. 

caasf,  n.    Same  as  case.    [ME.  form.] 

cab1,  1  kab;  2  cab,  n.  1.  A  one=horse  public  carriage. 
2.  [U.  S.]  The  covered  part  of  a  locomotive.     [Abbr. 

Of  CABRIOLET.] 

cab2,  n.  [Heb.]  A  Hebrew  measure  variously  estimated  at 
from  3  to  about  5  pints.    kal> } . 

ca-bal',  1  ka-bal';  2  ca-bal'.  l.vi.  To  form  a  cabal ;  plot. 
II.  n.  A  number  of  persons  secretly  united  for  some 
private  purpose;  intrigue;  conspiracy.  [<  Heb.F  qab- 
balah,  secret  doctrine.] 

Syn.:  combination,  conclave,  confederacy,  conspiracy, 
crew,  faction,  gang,  junto.  A  conspiracy  is  a  combination  of 
persons  for  an  evil  purpose,  or  the  act  of  so  combining.  Con- 
spiracy is  a  distinct  crime  under  common,  and  generally 
under  statutory,  law.  A  faction  is  more  extensive  than  a 
conspiracy ,  less  formal  in  organization,  less  definite  in  plan. 
Faction  and  its  adjective,  factious,  have  always  an  unfavor- 
able sense.  Cabal  commonly  denotes  a  conspiracy  of  leaders. 
A  gang  is  a  company  of  workmen  all  doing  the  same  work 
under  one  leader;  the  word  Is  used  figuratively  only  of  com- 
binations which  it  is  meant  to  stigmatize  as  rude  and  mer- 
cenary; crew  is  used  in  a  closely  similar  sense.  A  conclave  is 
secret,  but  of  larger  numbers,  ordinarily,  than  a  cabal,  and 
may  have  honorable  use;  as,  the  conclave  of  cardinals. 
— ca-bal 'ism,  n.— ca-bal  'ler,  n. 

cab'a-Ia,  1  kab'a-la:  2  eab'a-la,  n.  1.  The  mystic  theosophy 
of  the  Hebrews.  2.  Any  occult  or  mystic  system.  [  <  Heb. 
qabbdlah,  reception,  <  qabal,  receive.]  cab'ba-lai;  kab'a- 
lai;  kab'ba-lat.— cab'a-llsm,  ».— cab'a-llst,  n.  A  stu- 
dent of  the  cabala;  a  mystic;  occultist.  —  cab"a-lis'tic, 
a.  Pertaining  to  the  cabala;  mystic.  cab"a-Hs'ti-caU. 
Syn.:  see  mysterious. — cab"a-lls'tl-cal-ly,  adv. 

Ca"ba"nls',  1  ka"ba"ni';  2  ca"ba"ni',  Pierre-  J.  G.  (1757- 
1808).     A  French  physician,  author,  and  philosopher. 

•ab'a-ret,  1  kab'a-ret  or  ka'ba're';  2  cab'a-r<? t  or  ca"ba"re',  n. 
[F.J  1.  A  tavern  or  wine=shop.  2.  [U.  S.]  A  vaudeville 
entertainment,  as  in  a  restaurant,  during  meals,  cabaret 
show}.     3.  A  tea»  or  coffee-set. 

cab'as,  1  kab'a  or  ka-ba';  2  eab'a  or  ca-ba',  n.  1.  A  woman's 
work-bag;  a  small  satchel.  2.  In  France,  a  rush  basket  for 
carrying  figs,  etc.    [F.] 

cah'bage1,  1  kab'ij;  2  cab'ag,  vi.  [cab'baged;  cab'b ag- 
ing.]   To  form  a  head,  as  cabbage. 

cab'bage2,  vt.  &  vi.  To  pilfer;  purloin:  said  originally  of  a 
tailor  who  appropriates  a  part  of  his  customers'  cloth.  [  < 
OF.  cabasscr,  <  cabas,  basket,  perhaps  <  cape,  cape2.] 

cab'bage1,  n.  The  close-leaved  head  formed  by  certain 
brassicaceous  plants,  or  the  plant  producing  it.  [  < 
L.T  caput,  head.] 

cab'bage2,  n.  Cloth  appropriated  by  a  tailor  In  cutting  out 
garments;  hence,  anything  purloined.     [Sec  CABBAGE1!  ''■) 

cab'in,  1  kab'in;  2  cab'in.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  shut  up  or 
dwell  in  or  as  in  a  cabin;  crib;  hamper.  II.  n.  I.  A 
small,  rude  house;  hut.  2.  A  compartment  of  a  vessel 
for  officers  or  passengers.  3.  A  small  room;  bedroom. 
[<  LI. . F capanna,  cabin.]  Syn.:  (noun)  see  house;  hut. — 
cab'in  =boy",  n.  A  boy  who  waits  on  the  officers  of  a  vessel; 
a  steward's  assistant  on  a  steamer. 

cab'i-nct,  1  kal/i-net;  2  cab'i-net.  I.  o.  1.  Pertaining  to 
or  suitable  for  a  cabinet.  2.  Secret;  confidential.  II.  n. 
1.  The  body  of  official  advisers  of  a  king  or  president  ;  .i 
council,  or  the  chamber  in  which  it  meets.  2.  A  room 
for  works  of  art,  etc.;  also,  the  articles  so  collected.  3. 
A  piece  of  furniture  fitted  with  shelves  and  drawers. 
4||.  A  small  private  room;  a  study  or  closet.  [F.,  clos- 
et.]— cab'l-net-mak"cr,  n.  One  who  makes  household 
furniture.— cab 'l-net-work",  n. 

ca'blc,  1  ke'bl;2  ca'bl.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [ca'iu.kii;  ca'iimng ] 
1.  To  fasten,  as  by  a  cable;  tie  fast.  2.  To  send  (a  mes- 
sage) by  submarine  telegraph.  II.  n.  1.  A  heavy  rope 
or  chain,  as  for  mooring  vessels,  etc.  2.  A  cable's- 
length,  100  fathoms.    3.  An  insulated  electrical  conduc- 


tor or  group  of  conductors,  protected  bv  a  water-proof 
coat,  as  for  a  submarine  telegraph.  4.  [Colloq.]  A  ca- 
blegram.—ca'ble=car",  n.  A  car  fitted  to  run  on  a  cable- 
railroad.—  ca'ble-gram,??.  [Colloq.]  A  telegraphic  dispatch 
sent  by  cable.— c.=rallroad,  n.  A  railroad  In  which  the  cars 
are  attached  to  an  endless  moving  cable  by  means  of  an  ad- 
justable grip  usually  passing  through  a  slot  in  the  roadway. 
c.=roadt;  ca'ble-way"]:.— cable's  length,  n.  Nam.  The 
tenth  of  a  sea-mile;  about  100  fathoms,  or  600  feet 
Ca'ble,  George  Washington  (1844-        ).     An  American 

novelist;  Old  Creole  Days,  etc. 
cab'man,  1  kab'man;  2  cab'man,  n.    [-men,  pi.)    The  driver 

of  a  cab. 
ca-bob',  1  ka-bob';  2  ca-bob'.    I.  rl.    To  make  cabobs  of; 
roast  on  a  spit.     II.  n.     1.  A  dish  of  small  pieces  of  meat 
roasted  or  fried  on  skewers  and  served  with  various  condi- 
ments.    2.  A  leg  of  mutton  stuffed  with  garlic  and  herbs. 
[<  Hind.  Nabob.)    co-bob't^  ka-bab'i;  ka-bobt. 
ca-boose',  1  ka-bus';  2  ea-boos',  n.    1.  A  conductors'  car 
on  a  freight-train.     2.  Naut.  The  cook's  galley  on  a 
ship.    [  <  D.  kombuis,  cook's  cabin.]    cam-boose't- 
Cab'ot,  1  kab'at;  2  eab'ot,  Sebastian  (1474-1557).    English 
navigator;  with  his  father,  John  Cabot,  a  Venetian  navi- 
gator in  English  service,  discovered  American  continent 
(Labrador),  1497. 
cab"ri-o-let',  1  kab"n-o-le';    2  cab"ri-o-le',  n.     A  one- 
horse  covered  carriage  with  two  seats;  a  cab.     [F.] 
Ca'bul,  n.    See  Kabul. 

ca-ca'o,  1  ka-ke'o  or  ka-ka'o;  2  ca-ca'o  or  ca-ca'o,  n.    1. 
The  large  nutritive  seeds  of  a 
small  evergreen  tropical  A  mer- 
ican    tree.       choc  '  o  -  late* 
nuts"t.       2.   The  tree   pro- 
ducing them,      choc'o-late: 
t»"ee"t.     [  <  Mex.sP  cacauatl, 
cwcao.] 
cach'a-lot,  1  kash'a-let;  2  caeh'- 
a-16t,  n.    The  sperm-whale.    [F., 
<  Catalan  qulchal,  tooth.] 
cache,    1    kosh;   2    each.      I.    vt. 
[CACHEDt;  cach'ing.]  To  conceal 
or  store  as  in  the  earth;  hide.  1 
II.  n.   A  place  for  concealing  or 
storing.     [F  ] 
ca-chet',  1  ka-shg";  2  ea-che',  n. 
A  seal;  hence,  a  distinctive  mark; 
stamp  of  individuality.    [F.,  <     >•  Tr- 
eacher; see  cache,  n.I— lettre  de  in6  rou]uved- 
cachet   (F.  Hist.),  a  sealed, secret  royal  letter,  ordering  ar- 
rest and  imprisonment  without  trial. 
ca-chex'i-a, )  1  ka-keks'i-a,  -keks'i;  2  ea-ceks'1-a,  -ceks'y,  n. 
ca-chex'y,     )  Malnutrition  and  general  bad  health,  charac- 
terized by  a  waxy  or  sallow  complexion,  as  In  cancer,  tuber- 
culosis, etc.    [  <  Gr.  kachexia,  <  kakos,  bad,  +  hexis,  habit.] 
— ca-chec'tic  or  -tl-cal,  a. 
cach"in-na'tion,  1  kak"i-ne's1ian;  2  cac"i-na'shon,  n. 
Loud  or  immoderate  laughter.     [  <  L.  cachinno,  laugh 
loudly.] — cach'in-nate,  vt. 
ca"chou',  1  ka"shu':  2  ca"chu',  n.    An  aromatic  pill  or  pastil, 

used  to  perfume  the  breath.  [F.,  <  Hind,  kajtt,  cashew.] 
ca-clque',  1  ka-slk';  2  ca-cik'.  n.  1.  A  prince  or  chief  among 
the  Indians  of  New  Spain.  2.  An  oriole  of  the  warmer  pari* 
of  America.  [Sp.;  Haitian  word  for  'chief. '[  cas-slque'J ; 
ca-zlc't;  ca-zjquc't. 
cack'I(cp,  1  kak'l;  2  cak'l.  I.  tit.  [cack'l(k)dp;  cack'- 
ling.]  To  make  a  shrill  cry,  as  a  hen  tli.it  has  laid  an 
egg;  chatter.  II.  n.  The  shrill,  broken  cry  made  by  a 
hen  after  laying  an  egg;   the  gabbling  of  a  goose;  idle 

talk;  chattering  or  chuckling.    [Imitative.] 
Syn.:  see  bauble.  — cack 'ler,  n. 

cac'o-,  1  kak'o-;  2  cac'o-.  From  Creek  kakos,  bail:  a  combin- 
ing form.  —  cac"o-de'mon,  n.  A  devil,  or  evil  spirit  ;  also, 
one  possessed  by  an  evil  spirit.  cac"o-da"'nion %.  cac"- 
o-e'thes,  n.  A  bad  propensity  or  habit;  also,  a  malignant 
ulcer.  [+  (jr.  ethos,  custom.]  cac"o-e'thes  lo-quen'dl, 
a  passion  for  talking  or  speechifying.-  ca-cog'ra-phcr,  n. 
A  bad  writer  or  speller.  [I  ( :r.  tirnj'lio,  write.]  cac"o- 
grapli'lc,  a.—  ca-cog'ra-pliy,  n.  ka-kog'ra-phyf.— 
ca-col'o-gy,  n.  Mlscholc r  misuse  of  words;  bail  pronun- 
ciation- ca-copn'o-iions,  a  Having  a  harsh  or  dlsa- 
greeable  Bound:  opposed  in  euphonious.  [+  Gr.  pbOnt, 
voice]  -|y,  adv.  —  cac"o-|ih»n'lc,  n .  cac"o-phon'l-calt. 
— ca-coph  'o-ny,  n.  a  disagreeable  sound;  bad  enunciation. 

cac'tus,  l  kak'tus;  2  eae'tus,  ".  [cac'ti  or  cac'tits-eb, 
pi.]  Any  one  of  various  American  polypetalous,  green, 
fleshy,  mostly  leafless  and  spiny  plants  of  the  oaotui 
family,  embracing  18  genera  and  about  1,000  species. 


Cacao. 

.  SeedB  in  pod  with  cover- 


rarumm 

i  til |><  r 


■  |        i  i        .  i         11.  ,.      ,,    .v    full   'Hi.  ;  bot,  bora; 

,  ii  r) .  ■  ill  |  a        ,n.   •,u.  .  oi  .   »lh,. 


I'M 


i 
ii-i,.         -I.. 
.  r-..ii  -. 


.  j.  -I  i   .  .  OH  • 

I 

I. 

t. 

w.i  i   1 

-l>  .  -n.  .   i-iU'wr.  n 

\  .    .  - .  I  II    •  r-i.  . 

,-».t  .11    . 

rait  'd)    -  ■   id   Ii     !  rad')  ] 
I 

tor  bindings, 

rji.l   .11-  rail'dlrc:  ;  rail  'dll 

>..ri!  -II.     .  cl  the  larva  0l 

eptacle 

md  ] 
\ 
.  i  .1.  in  .  .  I.  Rhythmical  inove- 

'. 
.  i  -ti r:i -•  ■  .  ir  period.     |  <  L. 
as*),-  .  i  .ii  iii.  i     I. 

■ 
■  .i-i.  i  .  |  I.  A  pupil  in  a  naval  or 

.'.  r  brother  -■  • 

i  .i-«lii  'ship,  n. 
i 
.  ..I  ;  •  r,  hi'  pedlar  oi 

ra'dl.  •..  Anions  the  Turks, 

k  i  ill:     liirk). 
I    i  ,1 ./ . 

it-um,        .  \  blulah> 

[  <   I.,  cutlmla.  < 

I  H-.  ...  to  "f 

K;nl  'inns; 
i    i.|-nn'.iii.  <    i'l-m,i    :iii  :  ;  <  .ul'ml-an  :. 

f»-du  'n-u-.  .  Ifl'ce-us.n.   |-1. 1  -al:  2  -I.  />'  ] 

-  of  i  be 

r.i-iiu  'ii-an.  a. 

ra-.iu  i  ..ii-.  I .  i  trapping 

tag  nfT.      2.    1  [  •'    I..  COdUl    . 

ca-du'ef-tyl,  n.    The  state  or  quality 

ra?'rum.  ,.2ce'rum.n.  [r.E'rw. />/.]  A  blind  pouch, 

re 'rum,    |  ..r  eavtl  ally  that 

ltd)  between  the  large  ami   small   intestines.     [L.,    < 

CJtcut.   MUMLl — CSP'nl.  n'ral:. 

t'jnl  'mun,  1  kad'msn:  2  cad'mon,  n.    The  earliest  known 

(   i.  ii.  '  -         capital  of  Nor- 

mandy: burial-place  of  \\  illium  the  Conqueror. 
<  i.  r  i.  -•  • ,.  a.  n      iRo 

unphltheater  Is  the  supposed  seat  of  King 

r».     I.  Julius   (100    It   i      ■ 
in   general,   statesman,   and  historian;    tin-    hero   of 
Shakenpi-are's  play  of  the  same  name    2.  A  Roman  I 

. 

emperor  or  <    i  --a're-an,  n.  <v  n    C«e-sa'rl- 

i    .    -  ir-i-  in.  b  that  oi 

■an:  ImperialLim    n 

-r.    i  ■<■'&,  n.    An  ancient  seaport 

'ilestlne.  now 

-  i in .  \  -iivrr-whiii-  metallic 

elen..  (<    L.  caesium,  neut.  of  exsius, 

r-na'ral, 

ii|..  ! .  uir.nit. 

.'. 

care-te'ri-a,  1  kaTMCn-e; 2  eare-te/ri-a,  n.  [Colloq  ,  1 
wait  upon  themselves.    ; 

-  derived 
rrzE.] 

raf'f.-ln, 

raf'f'-in.-.     \      -     •  illgbtly    bitter,    stimulating 

»iki».  ..-i  and  berries  of  coffee 

caftan.  -i.  n.    An  Arab  and  Turktsh  under- 

coat with  a  sash.     [^    Ar 

to/tan  |     raff.  -'  in  .  :  kal 

(»"j»)-an',  :  -  .'.  ■fin'  _'  I  iVy-an',  n.  A  province  (6,587 
sq.  m  .  poj.  M  <**)>  in  Luzon.  P.  I 

race,  1  k£j;  2  cag.    I.  tf.    [caged;  cao'img.]    To  shut  up 


II.         \ 
with  n  confining  bird  •  ..r 

rage'llng,  ■        \     .  •  i  bird 
i-rl,  P  tolii  \  ono- 

I    Paul   \  rruili-si.. 

i : ...  \l.  -s.i ii, In.     I  ,  I  ; 

iiiuii  name  of  an   Italian  Impostor,  Oluscppa 
[high  priest,     I  ui,  III,  I, 

<  ii   i-|.ii  i-.  ,  ■       •       -,      \ 

,  ii. 

I     iln.  ,,l    \i!:illl.  uliu  III  vv 

itlici   \'.<  i     '  •  •    i.l    10 

•  mi. .  rbomas  Henrj  Ball    1863  In 

h  novelist  mill  poet,  generall)  on  Manxtnemi 
"Hall  <  lalnc  " 

•  '.i-iiiiii''.  1  ku-iK'.  g  i    I  long,  narrow,  point* 

w  nil  f r. >iii  in,,  to  i.  in  the  Bo  •{"■  i 

;  -     p  calqut .        i  ui  i.    k  I  i- 

Ic't;  K.»-ii| ii ■• ' 
(  .i  i-r.i  .  i   |  Literally,  "It  will  go,"  mean- 

ing, "Ii  «lll  succeed:"  the  earliest  ,,f  the  f:i n , ■  • 
bj  the  populace  In  the  Frenori  Revolution  lewd.] 

ralrd,  1  kard;  8  card,  «.  [Soot  I  A  tinker;  gipsy.    I 
cairn,  ,  I  mound  or  heap  of  stones,  as  for 

■  memorial.    [Sc  it.,  «    I  ip  1     ralrut.l. 

ralru 'iform",    1    karn'gSrm  "i".    n,      A    smoky. 

v    iii  brown  varlctj    ol  quarts;  smoky  quarts.     I 
mtaln  In  Scot  land  ] 

<  .il'ro,  l  i. ,n  i  be  capital  of  Egypt  (pop  664,000) 
cals'son,  n,n.    1.  Mil.  An  ammunition* 

I  or  'wagon.       'i.  En- 
\    large    water-tight  t 

boi  within  which  work  is 

done  under  water,  as  on  a 

bridge»pier.    \Y  \ 
cal'tH  I'1.  1  ke'tif;    :. 

I.  a,     \  ile;  bas<  'v  wicked. 

n.  ■     toh     I  < 

L.°'  ,'  ■;  ■  i  i  .  captive  ] 
Ca'lus,  l  k.-'ns  or  -yo 

John     1  .10-1572). 
\',    English    physi- 

i-l:i,i.     foiiiiilrr    and 

'  'ambrldgc. 
ca-Jole', 

i',  if.  t\:  ii. 
(i  \-j,  .ii  ii  '  ,  i  \- 
J.ii.'iN.;  )      To  ini- 

i,  as  liy  fiat-  t- 
t,  iy     nr     di  I 

i;      dupe;  3 

wheedle.      f<    P.  h 

I     M.I..    Ii    \ 

Syn.:  see  uxi  bb. 

— ra-Jol'cr,  n. — 
ca  -  J  o  I  'er-y,  n. 
,  i'l  ]  The  art 
of  cajoling;  deceit; 
flattery.  ea-Jol'- 
Ing-ly,  adv. 


Caisson. 


n.»lr.r  -  sr;  66,  blow-pipe;  a,  pipe foi 

slriiallnr:  ■/.  roof,  or  deok,  ..itlnjr, 

rake,  1  kr-k;  2  ''ak.  i"  »»lilr;^i«rMtJoT.li«,w»»«J«»i;^f,ooii«r»t»j 
I.    rf.  A  ri.     [CAK-  *•  •i"kk"'"'--  H"*1«i  "'•  '"  '-"k- 

kd1;  cm.'im;  ]    'I'.,  form  into  a  hardened  mass.    II.  n. 
I.  '    rweetened and  baked  culinary  compo 

[|  or  thin  mass  ..i  dough,  etc.,  baked  or  fried.     2. 
A  hardened  mass.    :{.       \  morbid  hardening  or  coagu- 
■  in  i  be  body     I  <  toe   kaka.] 

C*l., abbr.  Calcium,  calendar, calomel. — Cal.  (ofndai).  <'allf., 
i  California. 

ral'a-bash,  1  kal's-bash;2  e&l's  bS  h,  n  A  gourd  of  the 
calabash'tree,  or  a  vessel  madi  from  its  shi  II;  also,  tin- 
tree.  |<  Per.8P+I  kharbuz,  melon  1  cal'a-bash'tree", 
n.    1.  Atrop  tree  of  the  trumpef^flower  family 

thai  bears  a  gourd>llke  fruit  or  calabash,     'i.  The  African 
baobab. 

cal"a-boose\  ]  kal'B-b0s/;  ' .  n.  (Local,  U.  S.]    A 

jail;  lockup,  •".  dungeon.] 

(a-la'iiri-a,  i  ka-Vbn-s;  2  ia-ia'iiri-a,  n.  a  former  depart- 
ment pop  1,402,000)  in  S.  W.  Italy.  -Ca-la'- 
lirl-an,  a.  &.  n. 

Ca-la'dl-iini,  1  l  .,  I,  Mi-iitn:2  ca-la'dl-urn,  n.   Bot.  L.Agenus 
of  tuberous  tropical  American  herbs  of  the  arum  family  with 
large,  variegated  sagittate  leaves.    '£•  (<•-)  A  plant  of  thu 
i 'tid  i/.] 

<  labials',  ]  k.n-ir';  2  ia-ia'.  n.    a  French  seaport  (pop.  72,000) 
'  bannel,  facing  r^over. 

ral"a-man'eo,  1  kal'8-mao'ko;  'Z  eal'a-man'eo,  n.  A  glossy 
woolen  fabric  ol  Flanders,  or  a  garment  made  from  It;  also, 
a  glazed  linen  btutf.    (Sp.) 


1:3  =  final;    1  =  hablt^   aisle:    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    diin;    go;    n  =  sing;    Chin,   this. 
125      2: wolf,  dfi;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


cacutnen 
caliper 


cal"a-mlf'er-ous,    1    kara-mif'ar-us;   2    eara-mlf'er-us,   a. 

Bearing  reeds.    [<  calamus  +  L.  fero.  bear.] 
ral'a-mln,    )  1  kara-min,  -min  or  -ruin;  2  eal'a-mln,  -min  or 
cal'a-mlne,  5 -min,  n.     1.  Mineral.  A  white  to  yellowish  or 

brown  hydrous  zinc  silicate  found  in  crystalline,  stalactitic. 

and  other  forms:  an  important  ore  of  zinc.    2.  A  special  kind 

of  so-called  galvanized  iron.     [<   F.  calamine,  <  LL.  cala- 

mina,  cor.  of  L.  cadmia;  see  cadmium.] 
ca-lam  'i-t y,  1  ka-lam'i-ti;  2  ca-lam'i-ty,  n.    [-ties2,  pi.] 

A  misfortune  or  disaster.     [<  L.F  calamita(t-)s.] 
Syn.:  see   accident;   adversity;  blow;    catastrophe; 

MISFORTUNE. 

— ca-lam'i-tous,  a.    Disastrous,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

cal'a-mus,  1  kal'a-mns;  2  cal'a-mus,  n.  [-mi,  1  -mai;  2 
-ml,  pi]  1.  A  kind  of  flag,  sweet '=flag"t;  2.  [C-]  A 
genus  of  Oriental  climbing  palms — the  climbing  rattans. 
3.  A  reed;  quill;  pen;  flute.     [  <  Gr.L  kalamos,  reed.] 

ca-lash',  1  ka-lash';  2  ca-lash',  n.  1.  A  low»wheeled  light 
carriage  with  folding  top.  2.  A  folding  carriage=top  or 
hood.  3.  A  hood  with  hoops  formerly  worn  by  women. 
[<  Gr.F  kalesche.]    ca-leche't;  ca-lechet;  ca-lcsh'J. 

eal'car1, 1  kal'kcir;2  cal' car,  n.  [-ca'ri-a,  pi.]  A  spur,orspur» 
like  projection.     [L.,  spur,  <  calx  (calc-),  heel.] 

eal'car2,  n.  1.  Glass*maklno.  A  calcining=oven.  2.  Metal. 
An  anneaIing=oven.  [<  It.  calcara,  <  L.  calcar ia,  lime=kiln, 
<  calx,  lime.] 

cal-ca're-ous,  1  kal-ke'n-us;  2  eal-ca're-us,  a.  Of,  con- 
taining, or  like  lime  or  limestone.  [<  L.  calx  (calc-), 
lime.] 

Cal'chas,  1  kal'kas;  2  eal'eas.  n.  A  legendary  Greek  sooth- 
sayer at  the  siege  of  Troy.    Kal'cbas|  [Gr.]. 

cal'cl-,  1  kal'si-;2  cal'ci-.  From  Latin  calx,  lime:  a  combining 
form. — cal-cic'o-lous,  a.  Growing  upon  limestone:  said  of 
plants. — cal-elf'er-ous,  a.  Yielding  or  containing  calcium 
carbonate,  as  rocks. — cal'ci-form1,  a.  1.  Having  the  form 
of  lime  or  chalk.    2.  Pebbly. 

cal'el-form2,  a.  Having  a  projection  like  a  heel.  [<  L. 
calx  (.calc-),  heel,  +  -form.]  [of  lime  salts. 

Cal'cl- fy,  vl.  &  vt.     To  make  or  become  stony  by  the  deposit 

cal'ci-mine,  1  kal'si-main;  2  eal'ci-mln.  I.  vt.  [-mined; 
-min"ing]  To  apply  calcimine  to.  II.  n.  A  white  or 
tinted  wash  for  ceilings,  walls,  etc.  [<  L.  calx  (calc-), 
lime.]    cal 'si-mine};  cal'so-minet;  kal'so-mlnej. 

cal 'cine,  1  kal'sin  or  kal-sain';  2  eal'cin  or  cal-cln',  vt.  &  vi. 
[cal'cined;  cal'cin-ing.]  To  render  or  become  friable 
by  heat.  [<  L.F  calx  (calc-),  lime.]  cal'cin-izet- — 
cal"ei-na'tion,  n. 

cal 'cite,  1  kal'soit;  2  cal'cit,  n.  Mineral.  A  widely  diffused 
calcium  carbonate,  usually  colorless  or  whitish,  found  crys- 
tallized (as  dogHooth  spar,  Iceland  spar,  etc.)  and  also  mas- 
sive (as  chalk,  limestone,  marble,  etc.).  [<  L.  calx  (calc-), 
lime.]— cal-cit'ic,  a. 

cal'ci-um,  1  kal'si-um;  2  eal'ci-um,  n.  A  metallic  ele- 
ment, found  in  limestone,  etc.  See  element.  [  <  L. 
calx,  lime.]— cal  'ci-um flight",  n.  A  powerful  light  pro- 
duced by  the  incandescence  of  lime  in  an  oxyhydrogen  flame. 

cal'cu-late,  1  kal'kiu-let;  2  eal'cii-lat,  vt.  &  vi.  [-lat"edi1; 
-lat"ing.]  To  compute  mathematically;  ascertain  by 
computation;  reckon;  estimate.  2.  To  plan;  arrange; 
devise:  with  for.    [  <  L.  calculus,  pebble.] 

Syn.:  account,  compute,  consider,  count,  deem,  enumer- 
ate, estimate,  number,  rate,  reckon,  sum  up.  Number  is  the 
generic  term.  To  count  Is  to  number  one  by  one.  To  calcu- 
late is  to  use  more  complicated  processes,  as  multiplication, 
etc.  Compute  allows  more  of  the  element  of  probability, 
which  is  still  more  strongly  expressed  by  estimate;  as,  to  esti- 
mate the  cost  of  a  proposed  building.  To  enumerate  Is  to 
mention  Item  by  item;  as,  to  enumerate  one's  grievances.  To 
rate  is  to  estimate  by  comparison,  as  If  the  object  were  one  of 
a  series.  We  count  upon  a  desired  future;  we  do  not  count 
upon  the  undesired.  As  applied  to  the  present,  we  reckon  or 
count  a  thing  precious  or  worthless.  Compare  ESTEEM. 
Prep.:  on  or  upon. 

— cal'cu-Ia-bl(e'\  a.  Capable  of  being  calculated,  esti- 
mated, or  forecast. — cal"cu-la'tlon,  //.  1.  The  act.  or  art 
of  computing.  2.  A  computation;  reckoning.  3.  An  esti- 
mate uf  probability;  a  forecast.-  oal'cu-la-tlv(cB,  a.  of  or 
pertaining  to  calculation;  given  to  calculation. — cal'cu-la"- 
tor,  n.  One  who  calculates:  a  calculating-machine  or  set  of 
tables. 

cal'cu-Ius,  1  kal'kiu-lus;  2  eal'eii-lus,  n.  [-LI,  pi.]  1. 
Pathol.  A  stone«like  concretion,  as  in  the  bladder.  2. 
Math.  A  method  of  calculating  by  algebraic  symbols. 
[L.,  dim.  of  calx  (calc-),  stone.]  — cal 'cu-lous,  a.  Stony; 
gritty;  pertaining  to,  like,  or  affected  with  calculus,  cal'cu- 
losel.  [India  (pov   1,222.000). 

Cal-cut'ta,  1  kal-kut';i;2  cal-cut'a,  n.    The  capital  of  Bengal, 

Cal'de-roD  <lela  Bar'ca,  1  kal'da-ran  or  (Sp.)  kaTd8-r0n'  d6 
la  txir'kii;  2  e&l'de-ron  or  (Sp.)  ettl'dfi-rOn'  dej  lit  bar'ca, 

PedK]  (1600-1681).    A  Spanish  dramatist. 

cai'dron,  1  keTdran;2  eal'dron,  n.  A  large  kettle  or  boil- 
er.   [<  L.°*  caldaria,  <  caldus,  hot.]    caul'dron  [. 


Ca'leb,  1  ke'leb;  2  ea'16b,  n.   Bib.  The  associate  of  Joshua  In 

spying  on  the  land  of  Canaan.  Numb,  xiii,  30. 
Cal"e-do'ni-a,  1  kal"i-do'ni-a;  2  care-do'ni-a,  n.     Ancient 

name  of  Scotland,  now  poetical.  — Cal"e-do'nl-an,  a.  &  n. 
cal"e-fa'clent,  1  kal"i-fe'Sbent;  2  cal"e-fa'shent,  a.    Causing 

heat  or  warmth.     [<   L.  calefacien(t-)s.  ppr.,   <   caleo,  be 

warm,    +  faclo,  make.]— cal"e-fac'tion,  n.     The  act  of 

heating,  or  the  state  of  being  heated.— cal"e-fac'tiv(eB,  a. 

Having  a  heating  property  or  tendency. 
cal"e-fac'to-ry,  1  kal'i-fak'to-n;  2  care-fac'to-ry,  a.  Adapt- 
ed or  used  for  heating  or  warming;  communicating  warmth. 
cal'e-fyt,  v.    \.t.    To  heat  or  warm.    II.  i.    To  become  hot  or 

warm.    [<  L.  calefacio,  make  hot.]    cal'i-fyt. 
cal'en-dar,  1  kal'en-dar;  2  eal'en-dar,  n.    1.  A  systematic 

arrangement   of   subdivisions   of   time,    as   years   and 

months.    2.  An  almanac.    3.  A  schedule  or  list.    [  <  L. 

calends,  calends  (tirst  day  of  the  Roman  month).] 
cal'en-der,  1  kal'eh-dar;  2  e&l'en-der,  vt.    To  press  in  a 

calender. 
cal'en-der1,  ,i.      A  machine  for  giving  to  cloth,  paper, 

etc.,  a  gloss,  by  pressing  between  rollers.      [<  LLL+F  Cy- 

lindrus.  cylinder.] 
cal'en-der2,  n.    A  mendicant  dervish  of  Persia  or  Turkey.  [  < 

Per.  qalandar.]    kal  'en-der  X . 
cal 'ends,  )  1  kal'endz;  2  e&l'endg,  n.  pi.    The  first  day  of  the 
kal  'ends,  i  Roman  month.    [  <  AS.  calend,  month,  <  L.  calen- 

dx,  calends,  <  V  in  calo,  call.] 
cal'en-ture,  1  kal'en-ehur  or  -tiur;  2  eal'en-ehur  or  -tur,  n.    A 

tropical  fever  accompanied  by  delirium  and  hallucinations. 

[F.,  <  Sp.  calentura,  <  L.  calen(t-)s,  ppr.  of  caleo,  be  hot.] 
ca-les 'cence,  1  ka-les'ens;  2  ea-les'ene,  n.    The  condition  of 

growing  warm;  increasing  warmth.    [<  I,.  calescen(t-)s,  ppr. 

of  calesco,  grow  warm,  <  caleo,  be  warm.]— ca-les  'cent,  a. 
calf1,  1  koi ;  2  caf,  n.    [calvesz,  pi.]    1.  The  young  of  the 

cow  or  various  other  animals.    2.  The  skin  of  the  calf,  or 

leather  made  from   it.     calfskin"!.     3.  [Colloq]  A 

raw,  gawky,  witless  young  person;  a  blockhead;  dolt. 

[<  AS.  cealf.) 
calf2,  n.    [calves2,  pi]    The  hinder  part  of  the  human  leg 

below  the  knee.    [  <  Ice.  kdlfi.] 
Cal-houn',  1   kal-hun';  2   eal-hun',  John  C.   (1782-1850). 

American  statesman;  States'  rights  advocate. 
Cal'i-ban,  1  kal'i-ban;  2  eal'i-ban,  n.    In  Shakespeare's  Tem- 
pest, a  deformed  savage  slave  of  Prospero. 
cal'i-ber, /l  kal'i-bar;  2  cal'i-ber,  n.     1.  The  internal 
cal'i-bre,  )  diameter  of  a  tube,  as  of  a  gun=barrel ;  size  of 

bore.     2.  Degree  of  individual  capacity  or  power.     3. 

Naut.  The  combined  weight  of  a  vessel's  armament.  [  < 

F.  calibre,  bore  of  a  gun.] 
cal'i-brate,  ]  kal'i-bret;  2  cal'i-brat,  si.    [-brat'ed;  -brat'- 

ing.I    1.  To  graduate  the  tube  of  (a  thermometer)  so  that  it 

will  indicate  the  temperature  correctly.    2.  To  determine  the 

reading  of  (any  graduated  instrument),    cal'i-ber}. 
Cal'l-burn,   1   kal'i-bOrn;  2   eal'i-burn.   n.     King   Arthur's 

sword.     Cal'i-bournet;  Cal"l-bur'not;  Ex-cal'l-burJ. 
cal'i-ces,  1  kal'i-siz;  2  eal'i-ces,  n.    Plural  of  calyx,  n. 
cal'i-co,  1  kal't-ko;  2  cal'i-co.    La.     Made  of  or  like  cal- 
ico.    II.  n.     1-coesz  or  -cosz,  pi.]     1.  [U.  S.J  Cotton 

print.  2.  [Kng.j  Wliite  cotton  cloth.  [  <Calicut,  in  India.] 
ca'Iif,      )1   ke'hf;   2  ca'lif,  n.    The     „  ^ 

ca'liph,  )  spiritual  and  civil  head  of 

a  Mohammedan    state.      [<   Ar. 

khalifah,  successor  ((.  e.,  of  Molutm- 

med).]— -cal'1-fate,   cal'l-phate,  n. 

The  office,  dignity,  or  reign  of  a  calif. 

eal'lf-shlpi;  earipb-shlpt. 
Cal"l-for'nI-a,  1  kal"i-fer'ni-a;  2  cal"l- 

for'nl-a,  n.    A  Pacific  State  (158,297 

sii.  in.;  pop.  2,378,000),  U.  S.— Gulf 

of  ('.,  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific,  between 

Mexico  and  Lower  California. 
ca-llK'i-nous||,  1  ka-llj'i-nus;2  ca-lig'i- 

nus,  a.   Obscure;  misty;  dim.  -ly,  adv. 

-ness,  n. 
ca-llg'ra-phy,    ca-log'ra-phy.      See 

CALLIGRAPHT. 
Ca-llg'u-la,  1  k;i-llg'yu-l;i;  2  <a-llg'yu- 
la,  <'alus  Caesar  (12-41).    a  Roman 

emperor;  assassinated. 
c:il"l-pasli',    1     kal'i-paSli'    or    kal'i- 

pa  tin;  2  ean-pash'  or  eal'1-pash,  n. 

The  part  of  a  turtle  next  the  upper 

shell:  a  greenish  gelatinous  substance. 

[Form  of  calabash.]  cal"a-pash't ; 

cal'll-paBh'i- 
cal"l-pee',  l  kal"i-pl'  or  kal'i-pi;  2  cal'l- 

pe'  or  eal'i-pB,  '(.     The  part  of  a  1 1 ir- 

tie  next  the  lower  she' 
gels  i  Inous  substance. 


Calipers, 

duUlnj,   •-'.  InlldMd. 

a  yellowish  |»        ,      >•";'■<" 

JUBttug, 


Outolilo-iul- 


cal'1-per,  l  kal'i-psr;  2  eal'i-per,  n. 

An  lnstrumciil  like  a  piiir  of  compasses,  for  measuring 
diameters:  usually  in  the  plural.    KJorr.  of  caliueu.] 


t  *I1I|M     l.l.T 
>     >  »  . 

'■.  i.  In 

r»l   l-i  .  ■ 

m  tti, 

•  w)  i- 


INi   H.'N  » 


-'. 


.Ill 


liK . 


..a 
talk. 

.  ill. 


1 

■ 
talk  vr  .  caulk  - 

.ilk     I II  tL  .    ■    t  II  I  k     In. 

I  U  I    "ill.    .1 

'   i:i|!       |  < 

ralk'et     .  ■  ilk  in:. 


>         ,  ,  ,  ,  I  ,  i>:.  rtr;    full.  rOl.' :    hut.  1'Oni; 

Urn;  i.lt.  i.i.  i  -■•  i     I;  (0|  not,  in.  won,   I'iO 
i      '.'.   i  ii  tporii  di  ■  d    \  outhful      I        \ 

•  .i i  iu~.  ■       i    i.  \  ■ 

or  thickening  '.'.  i  in- urn  bony  tlrstue  between  and  around 
tin-  n.i.  turod  end*  ol  ii  broken  bona  In  the  prooess  ol  rcunlt- 

■  iiiii.  I..'     To  bring  into  ropoae,  mental 

■  i  he;  tranquilisc     II. »-    To  become 
iiiii'  .ini 

imImi.    ;      Free   from  .li  i  irbanon  ..r    agitation;  quiet; 
pi  ii  '  '■'"  kttuma,  In  hi  ol  i  bo  sun  ] 

■    Imperturb- 
ful,   placid,   quiet,  ■  nirolled,   self* 
imooth,  m t  in.  tranquil,  undisturbed,  un- 
ruflled,    Thai  is  calm  which  in  tree  from  dl  iturbanee  or  agi- 
tation; In  tin                          fret  fr violent  motion  or  ao- 

tlon;  in  the  mental  ur  spiritual  realm,  free  from  excited  or 
dlaturblng  emotion  or  pa  loo  Wt  ipeak  ol  :i  cnim  him,  a 
placid  lake,  .i  •■tin  night,  a  Qviet  day,  a  </«/>/ 

home  Wt  speak,  alao,  ol  "ttili  waters,"  "tmnoth  sailing," 
w  huh  are  different  modes  of  iihik— ilug  freedom  irmn  mani- 

in  thtsc tctlon,  always  suggests  the 

Itlon  ol  ■ ■  r. inn  u(  danger  ur  risk.    One  may  i.e 

culm  b)  assured  superiority  to  danger,  by  Ignorano 

■  nee  or  nf  Its  magnitude,  or  by  Indifference  t<>  the  result, 

nr  ii>  the  apath)  ol  hopelessness,  as  we  speak  nf  "the  coim- 

I  despair;"  one  is  cool  w  ho,  w  hue  Intensely  alive  to  dan- 

kit  < >r  need,  has  nil  his  Faculties  concentrated  on  the  means 

.it  meeting  or  overcoming  It;  scabs  boxer  would  probably  !»> 

an  easj  victim,  while  a  t  >oJ  boxer  would  be  a  dangerous  an- 

tagonl  tronger  than  compoted  or  collected,  whloh 

ie  previous  tendency  to  dlsoomposure,  and  in 

more  vigorous  than  telfieontrollod  or  One  ih 

.in.  has  subdued  excited  reeling;  be  Is  colltcttd 

when  be  has  every  thought,  reeling,  nr  perception  awake  and 

ai  command.    TranQuU  refers  to  s  present  state,  plaeU  to  a 

prevailing  tendency,    \\  e  speak  of  a  tranquil  mind,  s  placid 

ii  h.n     The  Krem  spirit  dwells  as  if  In  the  clear  upper 

air.  above  all  storm   or  agitation.      Sit   pa.  ii  h  ,    BOBBB. 

Ant-*  agitated,  boisterous,  disturbed,  excited,  fierce,  frantic, 
frenzied,  furious,  heated,  passionate,  raging,  roused,  ruined, 

stormy,  turbulent,  violent,  wild,  wrathful 

c.iiiii-i) .  otfi      ealm-nesa,  n. 

calm,  n.     Tranquillity;  stillness;  serenity.     Syn.:  see  BUST 

cal'o-mel,  1  karo-mel;2  eal'p-mel,  ».    A  heavy,  white, 

tasteless  Compound  Of  Ohlorin  and  mercury:   used  as  :i 

purgative.    |<  (ir.  kaloa,  beautiful,  -+-  melas,  black] 
caP'o-rea'cence,  1  kal'o-res'ens;  2  eal'o-res'eno,  n.    The  gen- 
eration  of   luminous  heat-rays  from  obscure  heat-rays   by 

their  passage  through  or  reflection  by  a  purtiuiiy  transparent 
body, 
c-a-lor'lc,  1  k;.-lor'ik;  2  ca-lor'ic.    I.  a.    Of  or  pertaining 


1.         I.  word  of 

:. 
invok  l.l 

lo;  sup- 

II.        1.1         :    I  ..ut  a  cry 

.'.   i     make  a  brii  i 

•    claim. 
,   ill  Is   to 

another's  attention. 

.   bell,  or 

.  w  ith  the  fullest  vol- 

■  utter  a  shriller  cry;  to 

lUder  and  wilder  still. 

tiling  there  Ls 

ter  sense- 

:ld  In  pain  or  anger.     Bellow  and 

;  imals.  and  Only  cmi- 

i      .    imor  Is  to  ut  ter  wit  h 

i  the  confused  cries  ol  a  mul- 

mlj  applied  to  loud  and  ex- 

the  exertion  of  voice. 

w  ith  no  though!  of 

■  ■  attract  another's  at- 
'  v  t.MM.  —  Ant-'  be  silent,  be  still. 
hark 

i  .ill  ,  r.  I  .'.    \  visitor. 

i  all.         I .  •  tention  or  reply.  ?. 

\  -.  invitation;  divine  vocation.     8.  A  r. - 

I.  \  l. iii  f  visit.    5. 

a  contracl  re- 

.  leration  of  money  paid,  the  delivery 

:,  as  stock.,  at  a  oertain  price. 
.- 
call  i.  l'a,n.    B»t.    A  South-African  plant  of 

the  arum  f..  .  large  milk* 

white    blossom.       [L]   cal  la  lll">  :  ; 
»,-..  ptl.ui  III)  :;  III)  of  (he  Ml,;. 
cal  'bill .  .1.  n. 

outh.    [- 
.  ,i  i  in   . 
Ol  la'n.  l  ko- 

pop.  31.000)     In 
.ma. 
cal'bt. 

I 
or    goaBlpliig    woman      2.   A 
prostitute.      [  <  V.  eallUtlc,  < 
eailJt.  q 
eam  graph.  1  ka  -graf,  n 

lUllful    penmanship, 
ral'l-grapli:. 
t  li-Hf  ra-pny,     .  Ita-uVre-fi;    2   cfi- 
.   il-li^'ra-f)    . 

ful  \r  •  .  handwriting 

itiful,  +■  Qraphd,  writ.]  — 
raHlg'ra-|iber.    .       i  iI-IIk 'ra-pbl.t  ;.      caT'li-Krapli'le, 

•  afU-grapn  i-'  ii-i  ■ . 
eafllnc  I .  J.  Habit- 

ual 
<  al-llo-i"  a.  1.  Class,  Myth.  Muse 

.' 

•   iiii-orran. 
ral "ll-p.i-b  '.  r.,r  ll-[,.  .    . 
f»ni-(i.  r.  fPBR. 

cal"ll  — then'ii  s,  ;  'tks; 2  e&lls-tlifin'it 

-  w.ll  as  health.  |  < 

'  «-.i l"ll  —  t  Ik-ii  "Ie..; 

eal'lou-.  I.  aed  and  hard- 

»  '.'.   Ilard.-nid  in  feel- 

.t.le;  anfeeling.     I  <    I.    caJlotut,    <   eafium, 
hard  ikln.)     Syn_-  (*•*■  mm,      raMosT-ty,  n      [-7if-«, /■' 
A  thickened,  hardened  portion  of  the  skin;  hardness;  Insensi- 
bility —  eal'lou. -1> .  ral'lou«-n. 
Ml  low,  1  kaJ'o;  2  eal'o,  a.    I.  Unfledged;  not  yet  feath- 


Calla. 


to  heat.    II.  n.    Heat;  formerly,  a  supposed  principle  "t 
Inat.    [<  L.  color,  heat.]— cal"o-rlc'l-ly,  n.    Thepow- 

er  of  developing;  heat  iiossessed  by  animals.  -  cal"<»-rlf 'Ie,  a. 
Able  to  produce  heal,  heating.  eal"«)-rlf 'l-cal J.  cal"o- 
rlm'e-ter,  n.  An  apparatus  for  measuring  heat  ea-lor"l- 
mel  'rle,  a.  Relating  to  or  serving  for  calorlmetry  <-a- 
lor"l-met 'rl-ealj.  car'o-rlm'e-try,  n.  The  art  or  proo- 
ol  measuring  heat. 
eal'o-ry,  l  kal'o-n;  2  cai'o-ry,  n.    [-Bins,  pi]    one  ol  two 

u/.eil   units  of  heat:   (1)   the  greater  c,  the  heat   re- 
qtllred  to  raise  one  kilogram  of  water  1"  ('.;  kilogram  Cti 

1 1 1  the  lesser  e.f  the  heal  required  to  raise  one  gram  of  water 

1    '      granie.t.   (<  V. caloric.  <  L.cator,  heat.) cal 'o-rlet. 

eal'O-yer,  1  kal'0-yer  or  ka-lol'ar;  2  cal'o-yer  or  ca-lOy'er,  n. 

(,-  i  ;    A  monk,  especially  one  of  the  order  of  St.  BasU.  IF., 

•     i  .r.  lalOgiTOt,  <  halm,  beautiful,  +  gcras,  old  axe.) 

cal'pae,  1  kal'pak;2  efil'pae,  n.  A  black  sheepskin  or  felt  cap 
worn  by  various  Orientals.    ITurk.)    cal'packi. 

eal'lrop,  1  kal'trap:  2  cal'trop.  ft.  Mil.  A  small  four«pronged 
iron  Instrument,  formerly  a  ball  with  four  spikes,  one  of 
Which  will  always  be  upright,  used  to  Impede  cavalry  or  In- 
fantry. [<  AS.  culcalrippe,  <  1A..  calcatrippa,  <  L.  calx 
(cute-),  heel,  +  LI,,  trappa.  <  OHO,  irapo,  trap.)  cal'- 
thorpt;  cal'tbrop;;  cal 'i  rap;. 

caru-mcl,  1  kal'yu-met;  2  eal'yu-mfit,  n.  A  tobacco* 
pipe,  used  by  American  I  miians  at  conferences;  pipe  of 
peine      [I ■'.,   <  I,,  niliimu.-i,  reeij.] 

<al'iitu-ny,  1  kal'urn-m;  2  <al'iim-ny,  n.  [-niebz,  pi]  A 
i  i  .  and  injurious  accusation  or  report;  def- 
amation; slander.  [<  I>.K  calumnia,  <  calvor,  deceive.] 
Syn  J  see  scandal,  ra-lum'nl-ate,  r.  [-at*edJ; -at"ino.1 
1. 1,  To  accuse  falsely;  defame.  II.  <.  To  utter  calumnies. 
Syn.:  Bee  aspbbse;  kkvm.k  ca-lum"nl-a'tlon,  n.— ca- 
liim  'nl-a"tor,  n  ca-lum'nl-ous,  a.  Slanderous;  de- 
tamatory.    ca-lum'nl-a-to-ryj. 

Cal'va-ry,  1  kal'V8-n;2  cal'va-ry,  n.  The  place  where  Christ 
was  crucified:  '  .olgotha.     Lutr  xxlll,  33. 

calv(ep,  1  kctv;  2  cav,  vt.  A  ti.  [cai.v(e)d*;  calv'ino.]  1. 
To  bring  forth  (a  calf).  2.  To  throw  off  a  berg  from  itr 
self ,  as  a  glacier.    [  <  AS.  ccalfian,  <  cealj,  calf.] 


1:8  =  final;    1  =  habit:    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    n  =  sinff;    thin.   this.  callsaya 

127  2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cflre,   but,   bQrn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.   Campeador 


Cal'vert,  1  kal'vart;  2  cal'vert,  Leonard  (16067-1647).  An 
English  statesman;  1st  governor  of  Maryland. 

Cal'vln,  1  kal'vm;  2  cal'vin,  John  (1509-1564).  French  Prot- 
estant reformer.— Cal'vln-ism,  n.  The  system  of  doctrine 
taught  by  Calvin.— Cal'vln-ist,  n.— Cal"vln-is'tle,  a. 

calx,  1  kalks;  2  calks,  n.  [calx'esz  or  cal'ces2,  pi]  The 
residue  from  the  calcination  of  minerals;  also,  lime  or 
chalk.    [L.] 

eal'y-cle,  1  kal'i-kl;2  eal'y-c!,  n.  Bot.  An  accessory  calyx  out- 
side of  the  true  calyx.  [<  L.  calyculvs,  dim  of  calyx;  see 
calyx. 1  ca-llc'u-lat.— ca-lyc'u-Iar,  ca-lyc'u-late,  a. 
Having  calycles. 

Ca-lyp'so,  1  ka-lip'so:  2  ca-lyp'so,  n.  Myth.  A  nymph  of 
Ogygla,  the  Island  where  Ulysses  was  wrecked. 

ca-lyp'tra,  1  ka-lip'tra:  2  ca-lyp'tra,  n.  A  hood  or  lid;  specif., 
(1)  in  mosses,  the  hood  or  covering  of  the  capsule;  (2)  in 
flowering  plants,  any  similar  hood-shaped  organ.  [<  Or. 
talyptra,  veil,  <  kalypto,  cover.]    ca-lyp'tert;. 

ca'Iyx,  1  ke'liks  or  kal'iks;  2  ea'lyks  or  cal'yks,  n.  [cal'y- 
ces,  1  kal'i-slz;  2  cal'y-ce§,  or  ca'lyx-esz,  pi.]  1.  The 
outermost  series  of  leaves  (sepals)  of  a  flower.  Compare 
corolla.    2.  A  cup=shaped  part  or  organ.    [L.l 

cam,  1  kam;  2  cam,  n.  Mech.  A  non=eircular  or  eccentric 
rotating  piece,  to  give  reciprocating  motion.  [  <  Dan. 
lam,  comb.) 

Cam.,  Camb.,  abbr.    Cambridge.  [Principe. 

Ca-ma'Kuey,  1  ka-ma'gwe;  2  ea-ma'gwe,  n.    Same  as  Puerto 

ca"ma"ra"de-rle',  1  ka'ma'ra'da-n';  2  ca"ma"ra"de-re',  n. 
Comradeship;  loyalty;  good  fellowship.    [F.l 

cam 'as,  1  kam'as;  2  cam'as,  n.  Any  of  several  species  of 
North'American  bulbous  herbs  of  the  lily  family,  as  the  wild 
hyacinth.    [Am.  Ind.]    cam'ashi;  cam'asst;  cam'masst. 

cam'ber,  1  kam'bar;2  eam'ber.  l.vl.&ri.  To  make  slightly 
convex  above,  or  have  an  upwardly  convex  form:  said  of  a 
ship's  deck.  II.  n.  A  slight  upward  bend  or  convexity,  as  of 
a  timber  or  surface;  a  slight  arch  or  rise  in  the  middle.  [  <  F. 
cambre,  <  L.  camera,  arch;  see  camera.) 

cam 'his t,  1  kam'bist;  2  cam'blst,  n.  1.  A  manual  giving  the 
moneys,  weights,  and  measures  of  different  countries,  and 
their  equivalents.  2.  One  versed  in  exchange  values.  [  <  F. 
cambistc,<  It.cambista,  <  L.  cambio,  exchange.] 

cam'bl-um,  1  kam'bi-um;  2  cam'bi-um.  Bot.  A  zone  of 
cells  between  the  wood  and  the  bark  of  exogenous  plants, 
from  which  new  tissues  are  developed.    [LL.,  exchange.] 

Cam-bo'di-a,  1  kam-bo'di-a:  2  cam-bo'di-a,  n.  A  province 
in  French  lndo*China;  45,000  sq.  m.;  pop.  1,630,000. 

Cam  'bri-a,  1  kam'bri-a;  2  cam'bri-a,  n.  The  ancient  name  of 
Wales. 

Cam'brl-an,  1  kam'bn-an;  2  cam'bri-an,  a.  1.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  Cambria  or  Wales;  Welsh.  2.  Geol.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  the  earliest  of  the  periods  of  the  Paleozoic  era. — 
Cam'brl-an,  n. 

cam 'brie,  1  kem'bnk;  2  cam'bric,  n.  A  fine  white  linen 
fabric  or  a  similar  fabric  of  cotton;  also,  a  coarse  cotton 
fabric.    [  <  Kameryk,  a  Flem.  city.] 

Cam 'bridge,  1  kem'brij;  2  eam'brldg,  n.  1.  A  borough  (pop. 
40,000)  of  Cambridgeshire,  England;  seat  of  Cam  bridge 
University  (first  charter  given  1231).  2.  A  city  (pop.  105,- 
000),  E.  Massachusetts;  seat  of  Harvard  University 
(founded  1636). 

Cam-by 'ses,  1  kam-bai'slz;  2  cam-bi'ses,  n.  King  of  Persia, 
529-522  B.  C.J  son  of  Cyrus.  [pop.  95,000. 

Cam 'den,  1  kam'den;  2  cam'den,  n.    A  city  In  New  Jersey; 

came,  1  kem;  2  cam,  imp.  of  come,  v. 

cam 'el,  1  kam'el;  2  cam'el,  n.  1.  A  large  Asiatic  or  Afri- 
can ruminant,  having  a  humped  back,  capable  of  sub- 
sisting long  without  water.  There  are  two  species,  the 
Arabian  camel  (or  dromedary) ,  having  one  hump,  and 
the  Bactrian  camel, 
having  two.  2.  A  buoy- 
ant watertight  contri- 
vance for  lifting  wrecks, 
etc.  [  <  Heb.  (jamdl, 
camel.]  —  cam  "el-eer ', 
n.  A  camel-driver  or  a 
soldier  mounted  on  a 
camel.—  cam'el-lsh,  a. 
— cam'el-lsh-ness,  n. 

ca-mel'li-a,  1  ka-mel'i-a; 
2  ca-meTi-a,  n.  Bot.  A 
tropical  Eastern  tree  or 
shrub  with  white  or 
rose  »  colored  flowers. 
[  <  Kamel,  a  Jesuit  trav- 
eler.] 

ca-mel'o-pard,  1  ka-mel'o-pard;  2  ca-meTo-piird,  n.  The 
giraffe.    (  <  Gr.  kamelos,  camel,  -j-  pardalix,  pard.] 

Cam'e-lot,  1  kam'i-lot;  2  eam'e-lfit,  n.  Reputed  seat  of  King 
Arthur's  court,  In  S.  W.  England. 

cam'e-o,  1  kam'i-6;  2  e&m'e-o,  n.  A  striated  stone  (as 
onyx  or  agate)  or  shell,  carved  in  relief ;  also,  the  art  of  so 
carving.    Compare  intaglio.  [<  LL."  cammmus,  cameo.] 


Arabian  Camel.     2.  Bactrian 
Camel.     '/»o 


cam'er-a,  1  kam'ar-a;  2  eam'er-a,  n.  [-as  or  -je,  pi.]  1. 
A  chamber  or  box  in  which  the  image  of  an  exterior  ob- 
ject is  projected 
upon  a  sensitized 
plate  or  film  by  a 
lens  or  lenses.  2. 
A  chamber,  as  of 
the  heart.  [L., 
vault,  <  Gr.  ka- 
mara,  anything 
arched.]  —  cam  'e- 
ra  lu'ci-da,  a  de- 
vice by  which  the 
image  of  a  body 
seems  to  be  pro-  m 
jected  on  a  sheet  of 
paper,  so  that  it 
may  be   traced. —  e  "'r] 

C.       Ob-SCU'ra,      a  fram 

camera     in   which  front 
the  real  image  of  an 


Camera. 

eversing  liack;  o,  handle;  c.  bellows;  f/,  rising  front; 
se.front;  /,  shutter;  ,7,  lens;  fi,  front  extension* 
;  i,  swing  front;  j,  turntable  let  into  baseboard;  k, 
focusing-pinion;  /,  back  focusing-pinion;  m,  back 
-frame;  n,  swing  back;  o,  wide»angle movement; 


Object  IS   projected  p'  P'^-indicator. 

upon  a  plane  surface,  for  viewing,  tracing,  or  photographing. 
—In  c.  (Law),  not  in  public  court;  privately.— cam 'e-ral, 
a.    Pert,  to  a  camera,  chamber,  public  ornce,  or  treasury. 

Cam'er-on,  1  kam'ar-an;  2  cam'er-on,  Donald(1695?-1748). 
A  Highland  chieftain  of  I.ochiel. 

Cam"er-o'ni-an,  1  kam'ar-o'm-an;  2  cam"er-o'ni-an,  n.  Scot. 
Hist.  A  follower  of  Richard  Cameron  (died  1680) ;  a  Scottish 
Presbyterian  preacher  and  Covenanter. 

Ca-mll'la,  1  ka-mil'a;  2  ca-mll'a.  n.  Myth.  Virgin  queen  of 
the  Volscians;  one  of  the  swift-footed  servants  of  Diana. 

cam"i-sa'do,  1  kam"i-sa'do;  2  cam"i-sa'do,  n.  [Archaic  or 
Obs.]  A  night  attack  by  soldiers  wearing  shirts  over  their 
armor  for  mutual  recognition;  a  shirt  so  worn.  [<  F.  cami- 
sade,  <  It.  camiscia,  chemise.)    cam"i-sade't. 

ca-m!se',  1  ka-mls':2  ca-mis',  n.  A  loose  shirt  worn  by  Orien- 
tals; alight,  loose  gown.  Compare  chemise.  [F.,  <  LL.  ca- 
misia,  shirt.]    ca-mis 'ci-al;  ca-mis 'l-a£. 

Cam 'Ian,  1  kam'lan;  2  eam'lan.  n.  The  battle»fteld  where,  ac- 
cording to  legend,  King  Arthur  was  killed,  542. 

cam 'let,  1  kam'let:2  eam'let,  n.  A  stiff,  closely  woven,  nearly 
waterproof  fabric  of  camels'  hair,  or  an  imitation  of  it.  [  < 
F.  camelot,  <  Ar.  khamlal,  <  khaml,  plush.] 

Cam'o-ens,  1  kam'o-ens;  2  cam'o-ens,  Luis  de  (1524-1580). 
A  Portuguese  poet;  The  Lusiad.    Ca-mocs't. 

cam'o-mile,  1  kam'o-mail;  2  cam'o-mil,  n.  A  strong* 
scented  bitter  herb  of  the  aster  family,  whose  flowers 
are  used  as  a  tonic.  [  <  Gr.L+F  chamai,  on  the  ground, 
+  melon,  apple.] 

Ca-mor'ra,  1  ka-mer'a;  2  ca-m6r'a,  n.  A  secret  society  of 
Naples,  Italy,  practising  violence  and  extortion. 

ca"mou"flage',  1  ka*mu"na3';  2  ca"mu"nazh',  n.  [Recent  ] 
Disguise  by  masking,  as  artillery,  with  an  arbor  of  leaves 
built  around  a  gun;  also,  artificial  scenery,  etc..  painted  on 
canvas  to  conceal  military  movements.  |Fr.  <  It.  camuffare, 
disguise] — ca"mou"fleur',  n.  [F.J  One  who  devises  ca- 
mouflage. 

camp,  1  kamp;2  camp.  K.vt.&vi.  To  place  in  or  go  into 
camp; encamp;  lodge  temporarily.  II.  n.  1.  A  group  of 
tents  or  other  shelters,  as  for  soldiers  or  hunters,  or  the 
place  so  occupied;  also,  a  single  tent,  cabin,  etc.  2.  An 
army  encamped;  military  life;  the  field.  [  <  L.F campus, 
field.]— camp'=chair",  n.  A  folding  chair  of  canvas  or  the 
like.— c.sstool,  n.    A  light  folding  stool  with  canvas  seat. 

Cam-pa'gna,  1  kam-pfi'nya;  2  cam-pa'nya,  n.  A  malarial 
plain  surrounding  Rome  (90  x  40  in). — Cam-pa  'nl-aj. 

cam-paign',  )  1  kam-pSn'j  2  eam-p&n'.    I.  vi.    To  serve, 

caiii-jiain  ' ",  \  operate  in,  or  conduct  a  campaign.  II.  n. 
1.  A  series  of  connected  military  operations;  also,  the 
time  an  army  keeps  the  field.  2.  A  political,  commercial 
or  other  contest.     [<L.*  campus,  field.]     cam-palgn'er,  n. 

Cam-pa'nla,  1  kam-pti'nyo:  2  eam-pa'nyfi,  n.  A  southern 
division  of  Italy;  6.290  sq.  m.:  pop.  3.312.000. 

cam-pan 'l-form,  1  kam-pan'i-fonn;  2  eam-pan'1-fflrm,  a. 
Bell=shaped;campanulate.    |<  LL.  campana,  bell,  +  -FORM.] 

cam"pa-nl'le,  1  kam"pa-ni'li;  2  eam'pa-nl'le,  n.  [-LE8«  or 
-Li.  1  -II;  2  -II,  pi.]  Arch.  A  bell-tower,  i  specially  a  detached 
bell»tower.    [It..  <  LL.  campnim,  hell  I 

cam"pa-noro-gy,  1  kam'pe-nel'o-Ji;  2  canrpa-n61'o-gy,  n. 
The  science  and  art  of  casting  and  ringing  bells.  [<  LL. 
campana,  bell,  +  -olooy.] 

Cam-pan 'u-la,  1  kam-pan'yu-la;2  cam-pan'yu-la.  n.  I.  Bot. 
A  very  large  genus  of  plants  of  the  bellwort  family.  I  he  bell- 
flowers.  2.  [c-]  Any  plant  of  the  above  genus.  3.  [o-]  Zool. 
A  bell-shaped  structure  or  part.  [LL.,  dim.  of  campana,  bell.] 

cam-pan 'u-late,  1  kam-pan'yu-lef;  2  eam-paii'yu-lal,  a. 
Hell-shaped,  as  a  corolla. 

Camp'bell,  1  kam'el  at  kam'bel;  2  cam'el  ar  cilm'bel.  R,  1. 
Alexander  (1788-1860),  an  IriHli-Amerlciin  theologian; 
founder  of  the  I  ilselples  or  ( 'lirisl .  2.  Thomas  (1777-1844). 
a  Scottish  poet.  [Same  as  <  Iid. 

Cam-pc"a-dor',  1  kam-pe*u-thfir';2  ciim-pc"ii-thC>r',  n.  [Sp.] 


i  imp  h.' 

,  am  1 1 .  s  «r 


i  i  ..      ..    Sr;  toll,  rftlo;  bot,bftrn; 

l         B  .  .  .  .  II  I  I  ......  |  '.'S 


II  .»     ..I    1       . 

•    . 

.  in    pli.r. 

i   iiu    l.i r   .  \ 

•  BlliphO!    I  r.  . 
.  mi    |.li..r-.il.  . 

.  mn-phor  It  . 

ram    ptilr,  I  phor       ?.    Ill  li- 

i  t.  and  l>    13 

ritn    (il-nn. 

r implou.    kjplnc 

campion, 

rani   pu«, 

■  hulldtnits 
i  an  .  •  ive  auxiliary 

1 . 

:t   . 
\ 

1  in-  ool- 
■  moral  for  :i  physical 
.  !i  o!  dut) ,  all 

i .  mt.  iii  tiii.s  sense,  .-it  once 

. 

M.lv-   Itll- 

-.  but  go"  means  "1  can  only 

•  Is  left  me  to  do."    Can  but  la  thus 

i   Hi  .  '.IV..  ]    To  put  up  or  pre- 

i  .hi.  I .  Burying  liqu 

d  which  fruit,  meat,  or  the 
Britain. 
.1  .   \  drinking-mug  or -cup;  a  tankard.    [<AS. 
can] 
(an.  .  —  can.,a6ftr.    Canon, canto. 

i  .1  i.  ii  i-i,-> .  I  ruined  town  6  m.  N. 

'  i  hrtat'a  nr.-t  mlrai  ■ 
u.  i. 
Ci'nun.  1  kfnan;  2  rfl'nan.  n.    That  part  .,f  Palestine  be- 
I  <  a'naan-lte,  n. 

oaan  prior  to  I 
<  i'nu.iii-n"i-ii. 
<an'a-da,  l  kaar*8-da;  L'  ean'a-da,  DotnlnkM]  of.    a  redera- 

pt  Newfound! 

i   ,-n  i  .ii-  - 

•   i-ii  nil" •'.  .  ■  ku"riri'y;.;2  ea-nal'</r 

•  lultitude;  rabble;  iii">l>.    [F.J 
1%  1  ks-nal';  2  carnal'.  I.  rf.  [ca-naixkd';  ca-nal'- 

ii  through;  ca- 
ll. I.  -itif-ial  inland  w.ii.-rwuy      '.'. 

passage,  or  duct.    |<  L.*  canalis,  cban- 
i  I  nal'acr.  n.     1.  ictlon  of  cai 

■  'ur  transportation  through 

acati...         i  .ui"a-llc  'u-l  at    .        ■  ■.•■!    can"- 

a-llr'u-l.it'iil : :    can"a-llc'u-|.ir:.      caii"a-llc'u-IUN.    u. 

inal,  as  In  bone.— ea-nal'lse,  rt. 

I .  •  anal,  as  a  Stream  OT 

chain  of  lake*     2.  To  furnish  with  a  canal. 

-      ra-iiari-><-:.  ca-nal"l-za ' 

II,. i 

t'a-nal' /inn  .         trip  of  territory  leased  in  perpetull 

.    of  Hi'-  Panama 
of  Panama, 
ca-nard',  1  A  fabricated  sensa- 

paper  hoax.    (I-'.] 

ca-na'r>.   I  '-v.w-7.  /,' ]     J.  \ 

finch  oda,  now  a  common 

'  i-  ii  i  r  \   bird"  .     ;.      bright-yellow  color . 

I   .        irightlydance 

Ca-na'r>  N'land*.     \  group  of  Spanish  Islands  (2.808  sq.  m.; 

pop    '•-  . -t  of  Africa 

'   in  ''  "I.    .  '/'/-I.   rt       [i 

cel: 

mark  out  01  annul; 

-•  lik.-  a  lattice  ] 
Sjmj  abo'  annul,  tilot  out,  cross  off  or  out, 

discharge,  efface,  erase,  expungi  :    nullify,  oblit- 

erate, quash,  remove,  repeal,  rescind,  revoke,  rub  of!  or  put. 


.nil  obttt- 

rrmoval  of  wi  Ittou  char- 

■  III  r   forilM  .'I 

•■•I ii  awaj  i be  face  of,  as  of  an  In- 
mmi        for  Uie  i 

punch  nut  «  p  Instrument,  so  as  t"  show  thai 

,  .r i  nf  the  " niinn .  in  i./i/k. 

•  nil  w  nil  the  round"  .1  •  nd 
bad  been  written  with  the  i»iini  on  the  wnxen 
w  ha)  pcrh  ins  still 

'    ■  ii  ii  had  invi-r 

l  in-  figurative  use  ol  the  word  to  the 

i>r in i  •  ora pare  ABouan;  annul.     Ant.:  approve, 

confirm,  enact,  enforce,   ■  ilntnln,    perpetuate, 

tain,  uphold,  write     can"cef-a  tlon,  -. 
rati'rel-late,   1   kn-.  a      Lattice-like  In 

structure;  reticulated     I      i    cancellatu  ,  pp  of  cam 
cancel,  M    ran"cci-ia'ticni.  n      \  network  formed  i>y 
■mall  Interlaelng  bars;  a  retloulatlon. 
iMti'rrr,  1  lean     -:.'.'  ean'cer,  rt     I.  i  malignant  and  com- 
monly fatal  tiiiM-  •      '.'.    \       inveterate  and  spreading 
evil    .1.  [C-]  The  Crab,  a  aodiacal  constellation  i  i 
llation.    [L.,  crab.]    can'cer-ous,       p 
.    ,.i  the  nature  of,  or  affected  with  a  cancer;  virulent; 
Incurable 
caiT'dc-laiiriiiii.  l  k.-ui'i  ii-lr-'t .  le-la/brum,  ii 

.  . ■■  I     ^  branched  candlestick  or  lamp    tand     1 1    I 
can 'dmt  ,  i  kan'dent;  "  ean'dent,  a.    Glowing  with  neat; 
u iipi-iiui ;  lncandeacenl     I      L  candeo,glm  \ 

<  an  Ml-a,  1  kan'ili-.i.  L'  i  an'ill-a.  li .     Sllln.-.i     I    Kill 

can 'did,  l  kan'did;  2  ean'did,  a.     Sincere;  ingenuous; 
; impartial; fair.    [<  L.'candidu  .white.] 
s.vn.:  aboveboard.  artleaa,  fair,  frank,  guileless,  honest,  Im- 
pariiai.  Ingenuous,  Innocent,  naive,  open,  simple,  sincere, 
;htforward,  transparent,  truthful,  unbiased,  unpreju- 
diced, unreserved,  unaophj  tlcated      \  i  u  idUt  at&U 
meant  i"  !"•  trm-  to  the  real  facta  and  Just  to  all  panics;  a 
fair  statement  lareall]  bo.    Fair  Is  applied  to  the  conduct  as 
candid  la  not;  -a*,  fair  treatment,  "a  fait  Held,  and  no  favor." 
i  me  u  ho  la  /run)-  has  a  fearless  and  unconstrained  trm  hful- 
Honitl  ami  Ingemiout  unite  in  expressing  contempt 
fur  deceit,   i  in  tin-  other  hand,  a 
and  unsophisticated  express  the  goodness  which  comi 
want  .if  tin-  knowledge  or  thought  of  evil.    As  truth  la  not 
alwaj  lid  and  /mill,  have  often  an 

tlonable  sense;  "to  be  candid  with  you,"  "to  be  per- 
fectly frank,"  are  regarded  as  sun-  preludes  to  something 
disagreeable.  Sincen  applies  to  the  feelings,  aa  being  all  that 
one's  words  would  imply.  Bee  honest.  Ant.:  adroit,  art- 
ful, crafty,  cunning,  deceitful,  designing,  diplomatic,  fo\y, 
insincere.  Intriguing,  knowing,  maneuvering,  sharp,  shrewd. 
Bly,  subtle,  tricky,  wily . — Prep.: 

ean'dld-h ,  run     can'dld-ness.  n. 
can'dl-date,  1  kan'di-dSt ;  -  e&n'di-d&i .  n.    A  nominee  or 
aspirant  for  any  position.    [<  L.  candidalv  ,  candidu  , 
white  [because  office  seekers  in  Rome  wore  white  toga 
can  'dl-da-ey,  n.    ]-«  ik.-?-.  /</.]   The  state  or  position  of  being 
a  candidate     cair<li-<late"slilp; ;  caii'di-da-turi-;. 

can 'dledi  1  kan'did;  2  ean'did,  pa.    1.  Converted  Into  candy 
or  something  resembling  candy;  as,  candled  sugar,   'I.  I  oated 
with  Bomethlng  resembling  sugar;  frosted. 
fan 'dl  i'1',  1  kan'ill:  2  ean'di,  r».    1.  A  cylinder  of  tallow, 
wax,  or  other  .-oli.l  fat,  containing  a  wick,  to  give  light 
when  burning.    Z.  A  light  or  luminary.    [<L.A8i 
<  candeo,  shini-  ]  -  ran'dlcdlght",  n.    I.  IJghtgtvei 
candle.    ''•  The  time  of  day  when  i-aniii.s  are  Br  I  needed; 
evening     ean'dle'Ugbflng}.    cpower,  n.    The 
Illuminating  power  of  a  Btandard  sperm  candle:  a  measure  of 
ean'dle-stlck",  n.    A  Bupport  for  a  candle  or  can- 
stamlard  e.,  a  spermaceti  candle  burning  two  grains 
a  minute:  used  as  a  standard  of  light, 
tan  'dle-mas,  1   kaii'dl-im.s;  ^   "  an'dl-m.-i   .  n      The  ' 

tin-  Purification,   Feb.  2.    in  parts  of  the  United  States, 
popularly  called  grounfrhoo  or  woodchtu 

can'dor,  1  kan'der;2  e&n'dor,  n.    1.  Freedom  from  men- 
tal reservation  or  prejudice.     ■».  Openness;  franl 
impartiality;  fairness.     [<    I.'    candor,    <  candeo,  be 
white.]    can'dourj.    Synj see vebacity. 

fan'tly,  l  kan'dt;  2  efin'dy.    I.  if.  &  yi.    [can'died;  can'- 
pt-eno.]   To  form,  form  into, deposit,  or  cov-r  with  crys- 
tals of  sugar;  preaeTve  by  coating  with  ,uuirar.    II.  n. 
[cajt'oies1,  pi.]    A  confection  of  Bugar  or  mola 
both.    (f^riK.  <  Sana,  khanda,  <  khand,  break.] 

ran'dy-tuft",  1  kan'dl-toft*; 2  <-uii'dy-tuft".  n.  A  plant  of  the 
mustard  family  with  white  or  purple  flowers,  cultivated  In 
gardens. 

fane,  1  ken;  2  can.  Ltf.  [CAWBD; CAN'lNQ.]  l.Tostrike 
or  l.'-at  with  B  cane.  'I.  To  bottom  or  Lack  with  cane,  as 
a  ch.-ur.    II.  n.    1.  A  walking-stick.    2.  A  slender,  flexi- 


1:»=  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sing;    thin,   this.    Campeche 
129     2:  wolf,  dft;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cQre,   but,   burn;   611,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,   this      cantilever 


ble  woody  stem,  or  a  plant  with  such  a  stem,  as  a  rattan, 
or  the  sugar-cane.  [Gr.L+OF  kanna,  reed.] — cane's 
brake",  n.    Land  overgrown  with  canes. 

ea-nes 'cence,  1  ka-nes'ens;  2  ca-nes'enc,  n.  A  whitish  color; 
hoariness.  [<  I..  canescen(t-)s,  ppr.  of  eanesco,  grow  white, 
<  canus.  white.] — ca-nes'cent,  a.  Becoming,  or  tending 
to  become,  white  or  hoary. 

Ca-nlc'u-la,  1  ka-nik'yu-la;  2  ca-nle'yu-la,  n.  The  star 
Slrius;  the  dog-star.  [<  L.  canXcula,  dim.  of  canls,  dog.]  — 
ca-nte'u-lar,  a.    Relating  to  the  dog-star  or  to  the  dog-days. 

ca-nlne',  1  ka-nain'  or  ke'nain;  2  ca-nln'  or  ca'nln,  a.  Of, 
pertaining  to,  or  like  a  dog.  [  <  L.  caninus,  <  canis, 
dog.] — canine  tooth,  a  tooth  that  grows  directly  behind 
the  intermaxillary  suture  in  the  upper  jaw,  or  the  opposite 
one  of  the  lower  jaw;  an  eye-tooth  of  the  upper  jaw,  or 
stomach-tooth  of  the  lower  jaw. 

ca-nlne',  n.    1.  A  canine  tooth.    2.  A  canine  animal. 

Ca'nis,  1  kg'ms;2  ea'nis,  n.  Mam.  The  genus  including  the  dog 
(wild  and  domestic),  the  wolf,  the  fox,  and  the  jackal.  [L., 
dog.]— Canls  Major,  Canls  Minor.     See  constellation. 

can'ls-ter,  1  kan'is-tar;  2  can'is-ter,  n.  1.  A  metal  case, 
as  for  tea,  coffee,  or  spices.  2.  A  metallic  cylinder  filled 
with  bullets  to  be  fired  from  a  cannon.  [  <  Gr.L  kanis- 
tron,  <  kanna,  reed.] 

can'jl-ar,  1  kan'ji-ar;  2  can'jl-ar,  n.    A  poniard,    can'gl-arf. 

can'ker,  1  karj'kar;  2  can'ker,  v.  I.  t.  To  infect  with 
canker;  eat  away  or  into  like  a  canker;  corrode;  corrupt. 
II.  i.    To  fester. 

can'ker,  n.  1.  Any  ulcerous  sore  with  a  tendency  to  gan- 
grene; a  group  of  small  ulcers  in  the  mouth.  2.  A  disease 
of  fruit-trees.  3.  Any  secret  or  spreading  evil.  4.  An 
insect  destructive  to  f  ruit=trees ;  especially,  a  larval  moth 
with  wingless  females.  can'kersworm"t.  5.  [Local 
Eng.]  (1)  The  dogrose.  (2)  The  poppy,  can'ker* 
blos"somt.  [<  L.AS  cancer,  cancer.] — can'ker(e)dB,  a. 
Affected  by  or  as  by  canker;  corrupted;  malignant;  venom- 
ous,   can'ker-ydt-— can'ker-ous,  a. 

can'na,  1  kan'a;  2  can'a,  n.  Bot.  1.  [C-l  A  genus  of  erect, 
mostly  tropical  American  plants  with  red  or  yellow  Irregular 
flowers.  2.  A  plant  of  this  genus.  [L.,  <  Gr.  kanna,  reed.] 
— can-na'ceous,  a. 

can'na,  1  kan'a; 2  can'a.  [Scot.]  Cannot. 

Can'ne,  1  kan'ne;  2  can'ne  (anc.  Can'na?,  1  kan'ne;  2  can'- 
na), n.  Village  in  southern  Italy;  Hannibal  defeated  Ro- 
mans, 216  B.  C. 

can'nel,  1  kan'el;  2  can'el,  n.  A  bituminous  coal,  rich  In  gas, 
with  low  heating-power,    cannel  coal; . 

can'ner-y,  1  kan'ar-i;  2  can'er-y,  n.  A  canning-factory. — 
can  'ner,  n.  [coast  of  France. 

Cannes,  1  kan;  2  ciin,  n.    A  seaside  resort  (pop.  30,000),  S.  E. 

can'ni-bal,  1  kan'i-bal;  2  can'i-bal.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to 
or  characteristic  of  cannibals  or  their  feasts.  II.  n.  A 
human  being  that  eats  human  flesh;  also,  an  animal  that 
devours  its  own  species.  [  <  Sp.  Canibales  (  <  C'aribes,  Ca- 
rlbs).]— can'nl-bal-lsm,  n.— can"nl-bal-ls'tlc,  a.  can"- 
nl-bal'tct.  [Ing-cup. 

can'nl-kln,  1  kan'i-kln;  2  can'i-kln,  n.    A  small  can  or  drink- 
can  'nl-ly,  1  kan'i-li;  2  can'i-ly,  adv.   [Scot.]    In  a  canny  man- 
ner; shrewdly;  cautiously;  artfully. — can'nl-ness,  n. 

Can'nlng,  1  kan'in;  2  ean'ing,  n.  1.  Earl  (1812-1862), 
Charles  John,  an  English  statesman;  Governor-general  of 
India.  2.  George  (1770-1827),  an  English  statesman;  ora- 
tor; wit;  wounded  In  duel  with  Castlereagh,  1809. 

can'non,  1  kan'an;  2  can'on,  vi.  1.  [Eng.]  In  billiards, 
to  carom.  2.  Hence,  to  rebound  from  one  object  to 
another.    3.  To  cannonade. 

can'non,  n.  [can'nonh  or  can'non,  pi.]  1.  A  large  tubu- 
lar weapon  for  discharging  heavy  shot;  a  great  gvin.  2. 
The  great  bone  between  the  fetlock  and  knee  or  hock  of 
the  horse  and  allied  animals,  can 'non sbone"J.  3.  A 
carom.  [<  LL.F  canon,  tube,  <  Gr.L  kanna,  reed.]  — 
can'non *hot",  n.  1.  A  shot  or  projectile  for  a  cannon,  c* 
ballt.  S.  The  distance  to  which  the  shot  of  a  cannon  may 
reach. — can"non-ade\  v.  [-ad'ed";  -ad'ing.)  1. 1.  To  at- 
tack with  cannon-shot.  II.  i.  To  fire  cannon  repeatedly.  -- 
can"non-ade',  n.  A  continued  attack  with  or  discharge  ol 
cannon. — can"non-eer',  n.  A  soldier  who  Berves  as  gun- 
ner. can"non-ler't.— can'non-ry,  n.  Artillery;  also,  Its 
discharge. 
can'not,  1  kan'ot;  2  can'ot.  Cannot.  Sec  can1,  v. 
can'ny,  >  1  kan'i;  2  can'y, 

can'nle, )  a.  [Scot]  l.Care- 
ful  in  determining  or  act- 
ing; prudent;  knowing; 
thrifty.  2.  Pleasing; 
comely;  worthy.  [  <  Ice. 
ksenn,  keen.]— can 'nl- 
ly,  adv. — can'nl-ness,r>. 
ca-noe',  1  ka-nO';  2  ca- 
no', n.  A  light  boat  propelled  by  paddles.  [<HaytiansP 
canoa.]— ca-noe',  vt.  &  vi.     ca-noe  'Inn, ».—  ca-noe'lst,  n. 


£ 


^3 


can'on1,  1  kan'an;  2  can'on,  n.  1.  A  rule  or  law;  stand- 
ard; criterion.  2.  The  books  of  the  Bible  that  are  recog- 
nized by  the  Church  as  inspired.  3.  Print.  A  size  of 
type  nearly  four  times  as  large  as  pica;  48-point  type. 
See  pica.  [  <  Gr.L+AS  kanon,  rule.] 
Syn.:  see  law;  rule. 

can'on2,  n.  A  dignitary  of  the  Roman  Catholic  or  the 
Anglican  Church.  [  <  LL.OF  canonicus,  canonical.] — 
can'on-ess,  n.fem. 

ca'non,    )  1  kan'yen  or  (Sp.)  ka-nyon';2  can'yon  or  (Sp.) 

can'yon, )  cii-nyon',  n.  A  deep  gorge  or  ravine,  with 
steep  or  precipitous  sides.     [Sp.  canon.]    Syn.:  see  valley. 

cii-nou'i-cal,  /  1  ka-nen'i-kal,  ka-non'ik;  2  ca-non'i-eal, 

ca-non'ic,  J  ca-non'ic,  a.  1.  Belonging  to  or  charac- 
teristic of  the  canon  of  Scripture.  2.  Regular;  lawful; 
accepted  or  approved.  [<  Gr.LI'  kanoriikos,  <  kanon; 
see  canon1.] — ca-non'1-cal-ly,  adv. — can"on-lc'l-ty,  n. 
The  quality  of  being  canonical. 

ca-nou 'i-cals,  1  ka-non'i-kalz;  2  ca-non'i-cals.,  n.  pi.  Of- 
ficial robes,  as  of  the  clergy.  [of  a  canon. 

ca-non '1-cate,  1  ka-nen'i-ket;  2  ca-n6n'i-cat,  n.    The  office 

can'on-lst,  1  kan'an-ist;  2  ean'on-Jst,  n.  One  skilled  in  canon 
law. — can"on-ls'tlc,  can"on-ls'ti-cal,  a.  Of  or  pertain- 
ing to  a  canonist. 

can'on-ize,  1  kan'an-aiz;  2  can'on-Iz,  vt.    [-ized;  -iz"ing.] 

1.  To  declare  to  be  or  regard  as  a  saint.  2.  To  make,  or 
regard  as,  canonical.  [  <  L.LL  canon;  see  canon1.] — 
can"on-l-za'tion,  n.    can"on-i-sa'tlon|. 

can'o-py,  1  kan'o-pi;  2  can'o-py.    I.  vt.    [-pied;  -py-inq.1 

To  cover  with  or  as  with  a  canopy.    II.  n.    [-piesz,  pi.] 

A  suspended  covering  as  over  a  throne,  shrine,  bed,  etc. 

[  <  Gr.F  konopeion,  bed  with  mosquito-curtains.] 
Ca-nos'sa,  1  ka-nes'sa;  2  ea-nos'sa,  n.    A  ruined  castle  in  N. 

Italy;  scene  of  Henry  IV. 's  penance  before  Gregory  VII. 
Ca-no'va,  1  ka-no'va;  2  ca-no'vii,  Antonio  (1757-1822).    An 

Italian  sculptor. 
can'stlckt,  n.    A  candlestick. 
cant1'1,  1  kant;  2  cant,  v.    I.  t.    To  set  slantingly;  tip  up; 

tilt.    II.  i.    To  tilt;  slant. 
cant2d,  vt.  &  vi.    To  talk  with  affected  religiousness  or  in  a 

hypocritical  way.     [  <  L.  canto,  freq.  of  cano,  sing.] — 

cant'er1,  n. 
cant1,  n.    An  inclination  or  tipping;  a  slope  or  set  to  one 

side.    [  <  LL.OF  cantus,  corner.] 
cant2,  n.     1.  Hypocritical  or  ostentatious  religious  talk. 

2.  Any  technical  or  professional  phraseology.  3.  Phra- 
seology assumed  as  a  fashion  or  for  effect;  stock  phrases. 
[ <  L.OF  cantus,  song.]     Syn.:  hypocrisy;  slang. 

Cant.,  abbr.    Canterbury,  Canticles. 

can't,  1  kant;  2  cant.    [Colloq.]    Can  not. 

Cantab.,  abbr.  [L.]  Cantabriylensis  (of  Cambridge). 

can'ta-loup,  1  kan'ta-lup  or  -lop;  2  can'ta-lup  or  -lop,  n. 
A  variety  of  muskmelon.    [F.] 

can-tan 'ker-ous,  1  kan-tao'kar-us;  2  can-tan'ker-iis,  n. 
[Colloq.]  Quarrelsome;  ill-natured;  perverse.  [<  ME. 
conteckour,  quarreler.]    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

can-ta'ta,  1  kan-td'ta;  2  can-ta'tii,  n.  Mus.  A  choral 
composition  in  the  style  of  oratorio.    [It] 

can-teen',  1  kan-tin';  2  can-ten',  n.  Mil.  1.  A  soldiers' 
drinking-flask.  2.  A  sutlers'  refreshment-  and  liquor- 
shop.    [<  It.F  cantina,  cellar.]  [ennter. 

can'ter,  1  kan'tar;  2  can'ter,  vt.  &  vi.  To  ride  or  move  at  a 

can'ter2,  n.  A  moderate,  easy  gallop.  [  <  Canterbury, 
in  allusion  to  the  pace  of  pilgrims  riding  to  Canterbury.] 

Can'ter-bur-y,  1  kan'tar-ber-i;  2  can'tcr-ber-y,  n.  A  cathe- 
dral city  (pop.  25,000)  and  archbishopric  in  Kent,  England; 
seat  of  the  Primate  of  the  English  ( "hurch. 

can-thar'1-des,  1  kan-thar'i-diz;  2  can-thar'i-des,  n.  pi. 
Pharm.  The  Spanish  fly  (CanlharU  tesicaturia),  employed 
as  a  blister,  an  irritant,  or  the  like.  [I..,  pi.  of  cantharls.  <  Gr. 
kanlharis,  blistering-fly.] 

can'ti-cl(cp,  1  kan'ti-kl;  2  can'ti-cl,  n.  1.  A  non>me1  rical 
hymn,  to  be  chanted.  2.  [C-]  pi.  The  song  of  Solomon. 
[<  I„.  cantlculum,  <  cano,  sing.] 

can'tl-lev"er,  1  kan'ti-lev"ar  or  -li"var;  2  ean'ti-leV'er  or 


Cantilever  Bridge, 
BlaokveU's  I  Si  arid 
Section  of  the 
Queensboro  Bridge, 

New  York  City. 


-le"ver,  n.    1.  A  heavy  bracket  supporting  a  balcony,  or 
the  like.    2.  One  of  two  long  bracUet'lik«  trusses,  reach- 


ri,,,|p  i  i        i       ,.        .  ,v  nnt.  tr;  fan,  roi.-:  bat,  bftrn! 

•M  ....  ti.  nil:  mi  .11  .,,,..,, 


130 


and  joining 

i  i  \ »  n  |    an  i  i- 

il-ll.     .  r 
I 

»ll    I.'.  I  •  ••  II. I.  .1 


l  ill     loll.    | 


te.   j  <  camyab,  '■  :  orig    meaning  'sift  through 
.']     SjTU  see  examine.—  can  '»  i  — .  r.    .      one  who 


I.         I.   ro  divide  int.. 
II.  ■ .  r  i : ,  1 . . 

r  in  i.. ii  .         I.   V  district,  as  of  the  Swiss  confcdi 

I''  I 
.  j  1 1  i . .  1 1  - 1 1 . 

t    All-loll  ••  \  1    J. I. 

i     Canton  BanuaeJ 

(     All       I. .11-.    M     .      .       A     '. 

onlon-mi-nt.  1  fcanttO  —I  or  -msnt  or  kan-tQn'ment    B 
.   -toii'mrnt,  i     The  part  of  a  tow  n  ..r  dla- 

'..I.  :i  lullltar 
.   .ii-:... .ii   in.  nf  . 
»  iiiiinr  .  .-.-..  .      (Canterbury, 

r»n   l>.'.  •  .     ::    2  cAn'ly.  a.   [Boot  ]   HrLsk :  glad;  lively. 
(  a-iiuCr\  1  ke-auf;    2  ca-ntll'.  •. 

.:..!  (rom  loir    Cnntt. 

i.ui  ran,  l.  A  heavy,  strong  cloth 

-.  (minting,  or  embroidery. 

.  en  cloth  stretched  on  :i 

(ran  -  the  reception  of  colors,  as  in 

i.  linen,  -ilk.  or 

■  mbroideiy  or  tapestry  i-  murk.-. I  with 

.■  nip  ] 

rin'ti-liKk    .  '.  ri.     A  N.irlli- 

-:oan  sea-duck  (Aythi/a  talllsruria).  esteemed   fur  the 

ranVi--.  -.  r     \.  t.     1.  To  go  about 

i  district)  for 

'.'.   ,       i  unine;  scruti- 

II.  lolieiting  votes,  orders,  <>r 

.ike 

canvas. 

canvasses:  one  who  solicits  trade. 
r»n'>»»s  u.    1.  Tin-  going  about  to  solicit  orders,  interest! 
'.'■  ination;  inquiry;  scrutiny. 

ran'),  1  ken 'i:  2  cin'y.  a.    Kull  of  canes;  made  of  cane. 
r»n')on,n     Same  asCARoN. 

raii-m'ne,  1  kan-dxo'nC:  2  can-dzo'ne.  n.     A  Provencal  or 
Italian  song  resembling  a  madrigal;  the  music  for  such  a 
song.    [It..  <  L.  carutu,  song. J 
can"n>-net\  l  kan'so-net;  2  <aii*zo-net',  n.    A  short  song; 

light  air.    [<  It.  ainzuntUa.  dim.  of  canzone:  see  <  iAKZOKX.] 
■  .urn  i  '■  hiiiic,  1  ku'chuk;2  cu'ehue,  n.    India-rubber.  t< 

»  cahuchu.] 
cap.  1  kap;  2  cap,  r.    [capped1,  capt8;  cap'pinu]     I.  t.    1. 
To  put  a  cap  on;  cover;  crown;  complete;  also,  to  eiceL 
salutation.    II.  i.    To  uncover 
ii  in  salutation. 
I  a|>.  -•  without  a  brim,  to  be  worn  upon  the 

top  or  end  of  anything.    [< 
LL  *"  cappa.  hood,  cape.] 
cap  .    Mr.    [caps.,  pi.)    Capital,  capital  letter.  —  Cap.,  Capt., 

abbr.    Captain. 
ra'pa-hl  ef.  1  ke'ps-bl;  2  ca'pa-bl,  a.     1.  Having  ade- 
apacity  to  do  os  to  receive;  efficient; 
Dmpetent.    'ii.  Comprehensive;  also, 
susceptible.    [  <  I.."-**  capio,  tak'-,  hold  J 
Synj  see  am  •    i  nt. 

ca"pa-hin-t),  n.    [-raa*,  pi.]   The  state  or  quality  of 
I  capable.     SiTU  BBS  adilitv.     ca'pa-bl<e-ne>.s':. 
ra'pa-bl),  ode. 

ca-pa'clou»,  1  ke-p*V  :.■■-:  2  ea-pa'abus,  a.    Abletocon- 

[ <  L.  i  apax,  < 
oiplo.  hold.)      Syn.:  see  lakoe.— ea-pa'clnus-l),    mit . 
ra-pa'rl«iii--i,.  - 
•a-pa<  'l-tate,  1  k;>-pas 'i-tet;  2  ca-pac'i-tat,  r(.     [-tat*- 

)    To  render  capable;  qualify  in  law. 
ra-par'l-ty,  1  ks-]  -p.ic'i-ty,  n.     [-tubs*,  ;./ j 

I  i  in;  cubic  extent;  carrying 

power  or  space.    2.  Adequate  mental  powi 

:i.  Specific 
1  ..ifieation.   [  < 

I.  reapoctou.-'  cipaz:  seer  u-v 
Syn_:  see  ahility:  phwer. 
•ap"=a-ple',  1  kap*-e-pT;  2  eap'-a»pe',  <wft>.    From  head 

,t     [OKI 
ca-par'l-son,  1  ka-par'i-s&n;  2  ea-par'i-fion.     I.  vt.    To 


put  housings  on;  olothe  riohU      n  i.  Decorative 

•.'.  Bhow  \  ..i  lumptuou  •  appan  i 
:     i  i  . .  .i|w  ] 

Sin-  Hpcouterments,  harness,  housings,  trappings    "  i  - 
I  of  I  he  armoi  ol 

i   ilmost  exclusively  of  the  straps  and 
appti  '  » inn  attai  he i  to  ii  vehicle; 

the  animal  la  tald  to  t»-  "kimi  in  ■  . 

-,v".i-i  denote  tho  orna ntal  outfit  ol 

u  .     pea    of  tin 
■  i  rare!)  and  aomow  hai  slightingly . 
and  ■•  q  ilte  contemptuously,  r.n-  show]  bum 

pare)    i  iompara  tun;  u 
i.i|ie.  ]  2  •    ;  ^  point  of  land  extending  into  the 

.  I  ike     [  ■    F  cap,  •    1.  eapuf,  bend  | 
■  i|i.  .  \  circular  sleeveless  upper  garment; 

clonk      I  •.  II    '"  cappa,  cape  |     e.ipeil. 
Cape  Bret 'on,  1  brefsno   brlt'sn  2  brft'on  or  lirlt'on,  n,    An 

Island    i,229 sq  m.;  pop   132,000    N   i    ofNovuBci 
Cape  Coil,     v  peninsula  In  8    I     MaHsaelmseli     B  .  m    long, 
encloslr    (  .ipe  Cod  i«:i>.     Cape  <  ."i  <  anal,  a  oanal,  IS 
in.  long,  aero     i  ape  I  od  from  Busaards  Ba)  to  Cape  I  .»i 
pened  1814. 
Cape  Horn.   Southern  extremity  of  8   Unerloa 
ea  pel  .        \  hora     I      i    oaaaRus,  nag.]   ca'plet. 
t  ape  oi  tiniiil  Bope.    I.  Southern  extremltj  of  Africa;  dls- 
1  i  M     '.'•  \  pro\  Ini .  .  pop, 

of  the  Union  of  South  Africa;  capital,!  ape  I  era  n 
ea  per,  1  ke'per;  2  e&'per,  w.    To  leap  playfully;  frisk.  |  < 

LMcapreolus,  dim.  of  <•«/"  r,  eapra,  goal  ]     ca'per-er,  «. 
ca'per1,  n.    Leaping  or  frisking;  prank;  antic, 

Syn.:  see  reOLic. 
ca'per*,  n   pi.     The  flower*buds  of  a  low  shrub  of  Medi- 
terranean cumin  i  condiment.   [<Ar.0r+* 

tabbttr,  caper. 1 

ca'per  ,  n      \  Dutch  privateer  of  the  ithi  century.    [<  D. 

tapir.  ■  tapen. apparent!]  ■  L. capfo, take.] 
cap  er-calllle,  1  kap  er-eal'ye,  n.    A  very 

large  glossyblack  European  grouse.    |-    Gael.  capuIIcefRe.] 

ear)"er-eaH'/.le:. 

Ca-per'na-uin,  1  ka-prir'ni-um:  L'  ca-per'na-iini,  n.     An  an- 

clenl  town,  bj  the  Sea  ol  <  lalilee.  Mall  Iv,  18. 
Ca'pet,  l  ke'pi-i.  2  eft'pet,  Hugh.     \  Prenoh  kinu.  <js7-990: 

descendants  reigned  mi  iT'.u  (direct  mi  1328  , 
(ape  Town.     \  seaport  (pop.  186,000),  capital  of  Cape  of 

GOOd  Hope  province.  South  Africa. 

Cape  Verde  Islands,  l  vOrd; :.'  verd.  A  group  <>f  Portuguese 
Islands  (1,650  sq.  m.;  pop.  147,000),  w.  of  Senegambla,  \s . 

Africa. 
ca'pl-as,  1  kC'pi-as;  2  ca'pl-as,  n.    [-AS-xa,  pl.l   I.mn.   A  Judi- 
cial urn  Issued  to  a  siicriii  or  other  ministerial  officer,  com- 
mandlng  turn  to  take  and  hold  In  custody  the  person  named 
therein  subject  to  the  order  ol  the  court,   [i..,  take,  2d  per.  s. 

i!i)    of  capiO,  take] 
rap"ll-la'ceous,   1   kap'i-le'.shus;  2  cap'l-lfl'shfis,  a.     Malr- 

iike.    (•    L.  eapithueus,  <  eapUlut,  naff,  <  caput,  head  I 
cap'il-la-ry,  1  kap'i-lS-n;  2  e&p'i-hl-iy.     I.  a.     Of,  per- 

tairiinii  to,  or  like  hair;  fine;  slender;  having  B  liair-like 

bore,  as  a  tube  or  vessel;  also,  pertaining  to  .-uch  a  I  ube, 
II.  it.    I-kiks7-,  pi]   A  minute  \  ose connecting 

the  arteries  ana  veins!  any  tul>e  with  a  fine  bore.    [  <  L. 

cniiillnrii,    <   oipillux.  hair.] — oap"ll-lar'l-ty,  n.—  ca-pll'- 
ll-fiirm,  a.— cap'll-lose,  a.    Hairy. 

eap'1-tal)  1  kap'i-tol;  2  k&p'i-tal,  ".  f.  Standing  at  the 
head  or  beginning;  chief;  principal;  excellent;  admi- 
rable, 'i-  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  death  penalty;  punish- 
able with  death.  8.  Of  or  pertaining  to  lunds  or  capital. 
4t-  Placed  at  the  beginning.  (  <  L.*  capitalis,  <  caput 
.  bead.]  Syn.:  see  ixcellbnt;  good,  rap'l-tal- 
|y,  i.  i    pellently.    'i-  So  as  to  deserve  death. 

cap'i-tal',  n.  I.  A  chief  city  or  town;  the  s.-at  of  govern- 
ment, 'i.  A  large  letter  used  at  the  beginning  ol  a  sen- 
tence,  of  a  proper  name,  etc.    (  <  capital,  a.] 

Syn.:  chief  city,  metropolis,  seat  of  government.     The 
metropoli    Is  the  chief  city  In  the  commercial,  the  capital  In 

the   political  sense.     The  capital  of  an  American   Stale   Is 

rarely  II 
cap '1- taf,  n     l.  Wealth  employed  in  or  available  for  pro- 
duction    'J.  Resources  or  advantages.    [<  I.I.  ' 

tni, .  property.]    Syn.:  seeMONXT;  btocx. 
••ap'l-lal',  n,    The  upper  member  of  a  column  or  pillar. 

See  UlUS.  on  next   page.     [<    L.  cai/lliltum,  dlrn.  of  caput 
.el. | 
cap  i-(al-iMii,  1  kap'i-tal-izm;  2  eSp'i-tal-Ism,  n.    Con- 

centrated  capital  as  a  power;  a  system  favoring  its  con- 

cenf  ration. 
cap'l-tal-lst,  1  kap'i-tsl-isl ;  2  eap'i-tal-Ist,  n.    An  «wn« 

of  capital.     cap"l-tal-ls'f  Ic,  a. 
cap'i-tal-lzr1,  l  kap'i-tal-ois;  2  eap'i-tal-Iz,  vt     [-izbbi 

-lB*mo.]     To  lie-in  with  a  capital  lc-tter.     cap'l-ts»V 

Ise}.— cap"l-tal-i-za'(or-sa'Jtlon,  n. 


1:3  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil:     10  =  feud;    cTlin;    go;    n  =  sing;    thin,    8lis.         Cantle 
S31         2:wglf,  dft;   bo«k,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  car 


cap'i-tal-ize2,  W.  [-izfd;  -iz'inc]  To  convert  into  cap- 
ital or  cash,  cap'i-tul-isej.— cap"i-tal-i-za'[or  -sa'J- 
t Inn,  re. 

cap'l-tate,  1  kap'i-t?t;  2  eap'i-tat,  a.  hot.  1.  Head=shaped. 
2.  Enlarged  terminally,  or  knobbed  at  the  end. 

cap"i-ta'tion,  1  kapVte'slian;  2  cap"i-ta'shon,  n.     An 


Capitals. 


individual  assessment  or  tax;  a  poll=tax.  [<  L.  caput, 
head.l 

Cap'i-tol,  1  kap'i-tol;  2  cap'i-tol,  n.  1.  [U.  S.]  The  offi- 
cial building  of  Congress  or  of  a  State  legislature;  a 
state=house.  2.  The  temple  of  Jupiter  Maximus  in  an- 
cient Rome  or  the  hill  on  which  it  stood  (the  Capitohne 
Hill).  <  I/,  capitolium,  <  caput  (capit-),  head  ] — 
Cap'1-to-line,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  Roman  Capitol,  to  its 
presiding  god,  Jupiter  Capitolinus,  or  to  the  Capitoline 
Hill. 

ca-plt'u-lar,  1  ka-pit'yu-lar:  2  ca-pit'yu-lar,  a.  1.  Capitu- 
lary.   2.  Growing  in  a  capitulum. 

ca-plt'u-lar,  n.  1.  Any  of  the  collections  of  laws  issued  by 
Charlemagne  and  his  successors.  2t.  A  member  of  a 
cathedral  chapter.  [<  L.  capitulum,  chapter,  <  caput, 
head.] 

oa-plt'u-la-ry,  1  ka-pit'yu-le-n;  2  ea-plt'yu-la-ry.  I.  a.  Re- 
lating to  an  ecclesiastical  chapter.  II.  re.  (-hies2,  pi.]  A 
capitular. 

ea-pit'u-Iate,  1  ka-pit'yu-let;  2  ea-pft'yu-lat,  vt.  &  vi. 
[-LAT"EDd;  -lat"ing]  1.  To  surrender  on  stipulated 
terms;  make  terms.  2f.  To  draw  up  articles  of  agree- 
ment; also,  to  draw  up  items;  sum  up.  [  <  L.LL  capitu- 
lum, chapter,  <  caput,  head.] — ca-pit"u-l:i'tion,  re.  A 
conditional  surrender,  or  the  instrument  embodying  It;  a 
charter  or  treaty. — ca-pit'u-la"tor,  re. 

ca-plt'u-Ium,  1  ka-pit'yu-lum;  2  ea-pit'yu-lum,  re.    [-la,  pi.] 

1.  Bot.  A  close  head«shaped  cluster  of  sessile  flowers.  2. 
Anal.  A  small  rounded  body.    [I...  dim.  of  caput,  head.] 

ca-poc'chla,  1  ka-pok'yci;  2  cii-pOc'ya,  re.    SameascinpocHiA. 

ca'pon,  1  ke'pan;  2  ca'pon,  n.  1.  A  cock  gelded  to  im- 
prove the  flesh  and  increase  growth.  2t.  A  lovedetter. 
[<  GrMAS  kapon,  capon.  1 

ca-pote',  1  ka-pot':  2  ca-pot',  re.    1.  A  hooded  coat  or  cloak. 

2.  The  adjustable  top  of  a  vehicle,  as  a  buggy:  hood.  [F., 
dim.  of  cape,  cape2.) 

Cap"pa-do'cl-a,  1  kap"a-dO'sTu-a;  2  <ap"a-do'sbi-a.  re.  An 
ancient  province  in  Asia  Minor.  Kap"pa-do-ki'at  [Or.]. — 
C'ap"pa-do'eian,  a.  &  re. 

cap'rc-o-late,  1  kap'n-o-let:  2  eap'rc-o-lal,  a.  Tendru«bear- 
Ing  or  tendril»Iike.    [  <  L.  capreolus,  tendril,  <  caper,  goat.] 

Ca'prl,  1  kd'prl;  2  ca'pri,  re.  An  Island  S.  of  Bay  of  Naples; 
also,  a  wine  produced  there. 

ca-pric'clo,  1  ka-prl'cTio;  2  ca-pri'cho.  re.  [ft.]  1.  A  musics 
composition  fancifully  irregular  in  form.    2.  A  prank. 

ca-price',  1  ko-prls';  2  ca-prie.',  n.    A  sudden  unreason- 
able change  of  mood  or  opinion;  a  whim;  freak;  also,  a 
capricious  disposition;  anything  capricious.    [F.] 
Syn.:  see  fanct;  whim. 

— ca-prl'clous,  a.  Characterized  by  or  resulting  from 
caprice;  tickle;  whimsical.  Syn.:  see  fickle:  IRRESOLUTE. 
— ca-prl'clous-ly,  ailr.  —  ca-pri'clous-iicss,  re. 

Cap'ri-eorn,  1  kap'ri-kern;  2  eap'ri-edrn,  re.  The  tenth 
sign  of  the  zodiac,  i-iitcrod  by  I  In-  sun  at  the  winter  sol- 
stice; also,  a  zodiacal  constellation.  Sec  CONSTELLATION. 
[<  I.,  caper  (capr-),  goat,  +  cornu,  horn.]  —  tropic  of  Capri- 
corn, see  tropic. 

cap'rl-ole,  1  kap'n-ol;  2  fap'rl-ol,  re.  1.  Maniac  An  upward 
leap  made  by  a  trained  horse  while  standing.  2i|.  \  leap. 
spring,  or  caper,  especially  In  dancing.  [I'M — cap'rl-olc,  v. 
To  perform  a  capriole;  leap;  caper. 

Cap'si-cum,  1  kap'si-kom;  2  eap'si-eum,  n,  1.  But.  A 
genus  of  herbs  or  shrubs  of  the  nightshade  family,  in- 
cluding the  common  red  and  other  peppers  which  fur- 
nish the  pungent  condiment  known  as  red  or  Cayenne 
pepper.  2.  [e-]  Any  plant  of  the  genus  Capsicum,  or  its 
fruit.    [  <  L.  capsa,  box  (from  the  shape  of  the  fruit).] 


cap-size',  1  kap-saiz';  2  cap-slz',  vt.  &  vi.  [cap-sized'; 
cap-siz'ing.]  To  upset  or  overturn.  [Ult.  <  L.  caput, 
head.] 

cap 'stan,  1  kap'stan;  2  cap'stan,  n.  An  upright  windlass 
for  hoisting  anchors,  etc.    [  <  L.F  capistrum,  a  halter.] 

cap 'stone",  1  kap'ston";  2  cap'ston",  re.  A  top  or  crowning 
stone  of  a  structure;  coping. 

cap'sule,  1  kap'siul;  2  eap'sul,  n.  1.  Bot.  (1)  A  dry  de- 
hiscent seed«vessel  made  up  of  more  than  one  carpel,  as 
of  a  pink  or  a  lily.  (2)  The  spore-case  of  a  moss  or  other 
cryptogam.  2.  A  small  gelatinous  case  for  containing  a 
dose  of  a  nauseous  drug.  3.  Anat.  &  Zool.  A  capsule» 
like  organ,  membrane,  or  structure.  4.  Chem.  A  small 
shallow  dish,  as  for  holding  substances  while  being  high- 
ly heated.  5.  A  metallic  shell,  cap,  or  seal.  [F]  cap'- 
su-Iaf.— cap'su-lar,  a.  cap'su-la-ryt.— cap'su-late,  a. 
Enclosed  as  in  a  capsule;  having  or  formed  into  a  capsule  or 
capsules,    cap'su-lafedj. — cap"su-la'tlon,  n. 

cap 'tain,  1  kap'tin;  2  cap'tin,  n.  1.  One  at  the  head  of  or 
in  command  of  others;  a  chief;  leader;  commander.  2. 
Mil.  The  commander  of  a  company.  3.  Navy.  An  offi- 
cer entitled  to  command  a  man=of=war.  4.  Naut.  The 
commander  or  master  of  a  vessel.  [  <  OF.  capitain,  < 
L.  caput  (capit-),  head.] 
Syn.:  see  chief;  master. 

— cap'tain-cy,  n.  [-ciesz,  pi.]  The  position,  rank,  or 
term  of  office  of  a  captain. — cap'taln-shlp,  ».  1.  A  cap- 
taincy.   2.  Generalship;  leadership. 

cap'tion,  1  kap'sfian;  2  cap'shon,  n.  1.  The  title  or  in- 
troductory part  of  a  legal  document,  showing  time, 
place,  circumstances,  authority,  etc.,  or  a  notary's  affi- 
davit, indorsed  or  affixed.  2.  A  heading,  as  of  a  chapter, 
section,  document,  etc.  3.  The  taking  of  a  person  under 
warrant  of  arrest.  [<  L.  captio(n-),  <  captus,  pp.  of 
capio,  take.] 

cap'tious,  1  kap'sTius;  2  cap'shiis,  a.  1.  Apt  to  find  fault; 
hypercritical.  2.  Perplexing;  sophistical.  3t>  Capa- 
cious.   [<  L.F  captiosus,  deceptive.] 

Syn.:  carping,  caviling,  censorious,  critical,  cross,  cynical, 
faultfinding,  hypercritical.  — Ant.:  appreciative,  approving, 
commendatory,  eulogistic,  laudatory. 

— cap'tlous-ly,  adv.— cap  'tlous-ness,  re. 

cap'ti-vate,  1   kap'tt-vet;  2  cap'ti-vat,  vt.     [-vat"edc1; 
-vat"ing.]    To  charm;  win;  fascinate.    [  <  L.  captivatus, 
<  captivus,  captive.]     Syn.:  see  allure;  charm. 
— cap"tl-va'tion,  n. 

cap'tiv(es,  1  kap'ttv;2  cap'tiv.  I§.t)f.  To  make  captive; 
captivate.  II.  a.  Taken  prisoner,  as  in  war;  held  in 
confinement  or  bondage.  III.  n.  1.  One  captured  and 
held  in  confinement  or  restraint;  a  prisoner.  2.  One  who 
is  held  captive  in  will  and  feeling.  [  <  L.  captivus,  < 
capitis,  pp.  of  capio,  take.]— cap-tiv'I-ty,  re.  I.  The  state  of 
being  held  captive;  thraldom.  2.  [Archaic]  Captives  col- 
lectively. Syn.:  see  bondage.— cap  'tor,  n.  One  who  takes 
or  holds  captive. 

cap 't lire,  1  kap'cTiur  or  -tiur;  2  clp'chtir  or  -tur.  I.  vt. 
[cap'tured;  cap'tur-ing.]  To  take  captive;  seize  and 
hold  or  carry  off,  as  in  war;  take  possession  of;  catch; 
gain;  win.    Syn.:  see  arrest;  catch. 

II.  n.  1.  A  capturing,  or  being  captured.  2.  The  person 
or  tiling  captured.  [F.,  <  L.  captura,  <  captus,  pp.  of 
capio,  take.] 

Cap'u-a,  1  kap'yu-a;  2  cap'yu-a,  n.  An  ancient  town  in  S.  W. 
Italy. 

ca-puclic',  1  ka-posn':  2  ca-puch',  re. 
cit  lly  that  worn  by  a  Capuchin  friar. 

Cap'u-chln,  1  kap'yu-cTiln  or  kap"- 
yw-shin';  2  cap'yu-chin  or  cap'yu- 
chin',  n.  1.  A  mendicant  Fran- 
ciscan friar  of  the  reform  initiated 
In  1.520.  2.  A  hooded  cloak,  or  al 
hood,  formerly  worn  by  ladies.  3. 
[c-1  A  South»American  monkey, 
whose  head  is  covered  with  a  cowl. 
like  growth  of  hair. 

ca'pult,  «•    Same  as  CAPEL. 

Cap'u-let,  1  kap'yu-let;  2  cap'yu-let, 

re.    The  father  of   Juliet,   In   Shakespeare': 
ROmi  0  ami  Juliet. 

cap'ut,  l  kap'ut  or  kB'pnt;  2  cap'fltor  ett' 

put,  re.    [cap'i-ta.pM     1.  Anal.  The  head 

•    also,  any  rounded  extremity  of  an  organ 

2,  [Eng.l  The  former  governing  council  o 
Cambridge  University.    [L.,  head.] 

car,  1  lccir;  2  car,  n.     1.  [U.  S.]   A  v< 
for  use   on  a  railroad.      2.   A  wheele 
vehicle,     as     an     automobile;     chariot 

3.  The  cage  of  an  elevator.  4.  The  basket  of  a 
balloon  or  the  like.    [  <  OF.  car;  of  Celtic  origin. I 


A  hood  or  cowl,  espe- 
[F.,<  It.  cappuccio.] 


<  lapuohln 

Monkey,    '/n 


I 

i  arm.tcii 


.  it 


*r»t 

[P    1 


J* 

I' 
M  ire  ai  _*»-V* 

\         llii.      \  ii  I  — '  .   ^    T> 


>\ 


»«       «  A 


rj-r»l. 

i    ir    i-nul. 


nr'ir: ;  rar'- 

I 

wheel 

I  I  \   JUddl  ii  half-turn  or 

p|  ottle;  decan- 


l .    \  oandy  of 


1    artist    ■    d"      fa' farr;    fowl;   gffi,  prev;    Ml,  police;    o!*v,  |§|   not,  Or;   full,  rale;    bnt.bOrn; 
•  Ii-  I  i,i  i      .,  o.  gtt,  prc\,  Ifrn;  lilt.  IM|    I  -  I;    I-  e;  gO,  not.  or,  won.  132 

r»r"h.>-run  iliim.        i   ,i  'bo  t  mi'il  nm  .  :'    .  .n  'l„,  miu'iIuiii,   ft 

mi  i.-ii  romp >und  ol  carbon  and  ilUoon    mod  o«  an 

MM    M 

'  ir  i  mi)  ,  i  kaVboi;  2  eai  boj  .  '■      \  large  g  I  :!•<•<  bottle  en- 
:  in  ■  box  "i  in  wickerwork,  fur  oorroaive  acids,  i  tc 
lUohn  | 

i.ir   hllll-cl  «•',  1  I-  ,  1 1  l.iin  kl.2  car'bun  el,  "       I.  A  malig- 
nant boil:  mi  :m  lir.iv     2.   Mitur.ii     \  gem  nt  brilliant 
•  I  ,l, ,  |,  i,  I  eolor     ,1.  A  pimple  ,,r  blotofa  on  the 
I  bj    intemperance      [•     I.'"  earowneufus, 
.Inn    ol  ,1  !     enr-hun 'cu-lar,  <i 

ear 'bo-ret,  1  kflr'blu  ret;  2  ear'bO  rtl      I.  a     |  un'm'  »r 
ran  ma.l    Toearburlse    II.  u     toarbld, 

.  .. r    I, ii-rt-l ~l» ll I .    |    kiir'Mii  r,  i'..i  .  I'anl,    n       A 

liquid  hydrocarbon  used  to  enrich  lllumlnatlng*gas, 

car 'hu-rel"er,  1   kci r' I > Iti-r,  t " . ,r .  :'  \  device 

for  combining  a4r  with  the  vapor  of  a  liquid  fuel  to  secure  ex- 

Kloalve  action,  as  in  motor»englneB.    ear'bu-ret'orl ;  rar'- 
ii-rel"lcr:. 

rar'liij-rlzc,  1  ku  'I, In  rail    :.'  ,  .,r'l,n  rl/.  M     '  BUI  n.    hi/'im.  ] 

niiiini-  or  Impregnate  with  oarbon,  sagas  to  Inen 
Illuminating  i»  ,w  <r .  or  as  iron  iii  making  oemenustoel.  ear'-' 
bii-rlsc;.     ear  'hu-rl-xa'[or-sn']tloii.  n 
rar'cake",  1  kur'l  ik";L'  car'.ak'.  n     [North    1  ng    .V  Scot  ]    A 

■mall  grlddle-calte  eaten  on  Bhrove  i  uesdaj 
rar'ca-net,  1  kflr'ke-nei  L'  ear'ca-net,  n     An  ornamental  ool 

lar  or  necklace  of  gold  with  Jewels,    [<    F  carean.] 
car'cass,  I  l  km  ,.  „.    i.  The  dead  body  ol 

ear 'case,  (  an  animal.  2.  The  living,  body  of  an  animal, 
especially  one  of  large  bum;  sometimes,  in  contempt,  thi 
human  body,  3.  The  frame,  as  of  a  bouse  or  ship,  4. 
A  bomb  filled  with  an  inflammable  substance,  5.  Some- 
thing froi  n  which  the  vital  principle  has  departed.  ( < 
,  it    .     .  s.vn  :  see  bow  . 

car'cer,  1  kar's.ir;  2  car'cer.  n.  A  prison  or  place  of  confine- 
ment. |I.. I 
rar'VI-no'nia,  1  kfir'si-niVma:  2  ciir*cl-no'ma,  n.  I-ma-ta. 
pi.]  Pathol,  a  canoer  [L.,  <.r.  tarkinOma,  <  knrkirws, 
cancer.]  car'ci-nus;.  car"cl-noin'a-tous,  a  I'athot. 
Cancerous,  car'cl-nnusj. 
cani  .  l  kuril;  2  e&rd  ,7  1.  To  oomb,  dress,  or  cleanse 
with  a  card.    St.  To  sdr;  mix;  adulterate     SeecABD*,  r», 

rani     ,  •'.     Tn  fasten  or  «  .  It*  ilium  B  Card  or  Cards. 

card',  a.  1.  A  pieoe  of  cardboard  bearing,  or  intended  to 
bear,  written  or  printed  words,  symbols,  etc  ;  used  for 
purposes  of  oivihty  or  business,  or  for  certain  games  of 
chance  and  skill.  In  the  latter  use  specifically  called 
tfpeards.  2.  pi.  An.,  or  all  games  played  with 
playing*cards.    3.  A  small  advertisement  or  published 

statement  similar  to  a  liu.-iiiess-eard      4.  A  chart  ^iviiiK 

a  table  of  information,  etc  :  a  program,  menu,  or  an- 
nouncement. 5.  Cardboard.  |  C  (;r.,-+,'  c/iart7\  leaf  of 
paper  1     card 'board",  n.    A  thin  pasteboard  of  fine  quality 

ami  titilsh. 

card-',  n.  A  wireHoothed  brush  for  carding  wool,  etc  .  or 
fi  ,r  currying  cattle  and  horses.    [  <  L.LL  cunluun,  thistle.] 

Card.,  nhhr.    Cardinal. 

ear'da-mom,  1  krir'da-mam;  2  car'da-mom.  n.  The  fruit  of 
various  Kast- Indian  or  Chinese  plants  of  the  clngcr  family, 
having  arum  at  ii  seeds,  used  as  a  condiment;  also,  one  of  the 
plants.    [  <  F.  cardnmnmi .)    car'da-mont. 

ear'de-eut,  n.  An  old  French  coin  of  the  value  of  one  and  a 
quarter  dollars.    [<  F.  quart  a"ecu.] 

Car'de-nas,  1  krir'de-nas;  2  ear'de-nas,  n.  A  Cuban  seaport 
(pop.  29,000). 

eard'er,  1  kflrd'ar;  2  card'er,  n.  1.  f)ne  who  or  that  which 
cards;  -l»  'illcally,  the  overseer  In  the  carding  department  of 
>■  manufactory.  8.  A  bumblebee,  that  cards  and  felts 
the  l  ,  ard'erohec":;  card 'Ing 'bee" t. 

ear'dl-a,  1  kiir',li-„;  3  rar'di-a.  "  AtUtt.  1.  The  upper  orifice 
of  I  lie  Stomach,  where  the  esophagus  discharges  2.  Im- 
properly, the  heart.  [<  (ir.  tnritla,  heart]  ear"dl-al'- 
gl-a,  a.  PathOl.  A  burning  sensation  of  the  Btomach,  caused 
By  Indigestion,  etc  ;  gastric  neuralgia:  heartburn:  once 
thought  to  be  an  affect  Ion  Of  t  he  heart.  [  ■+■  Cr.  algox,  pain.) 
ear"dl-al'g>  :.     ear"dl-al 'gle,  a. 

car'dl-ae,  1  kiir'di-ak;  2  car'di-ac.  I.  a.  1.  Pertaining  to, 
situated  near,  or  affecting  the  heart  or  the  cardia.  2. 
Promoting  nearVaction;  stimulating  or  enlivening.  II. 
n.  A  medicine  stimulative  of  the  heart  and  stomach;  a 
cordial. 

Car'dlff,  1  kur'dlf;  2  earMlf,  n.  A  mining  and  seaport  town 
i[>op.  182,000),  B.  i-;.  Wales.  -Cardiff  giant,  a  rude  statue 
ered,  i  869,  near  Cardiff,  N.  Y. 

car  'dl-gan,  1  kur'di-i;;,n;  2  ciir'dl-gan,  n.    A  Jacket  of  knitted 

wool      ' --   the  Karl  of  Cardigan] 

ear'dl-nal,  1  IcoVdi-nel;  2  eardi-nal,  n.  1.  <'f  prime  im- 
portance; chief;  fundamental;  principal.  2.  Of  a  rich 
red  color;  vermilion.  [  <  L.  cardinality,  pertaining  to  a 
hinge.  Important  1  cardinal  numbers,  those  numbers 
that  directly  express  how  many  digits  are  considered;   as. 


IF.  _ 

,'   o  •   .  I    .T  slirll 

I 
rar'at.  I.    \  twenty»fourth  part: 

I  in  an  alloy  ;  thus, 
,  pun-  gold      '*.  a  unit  of 

car'a-\.m.   .  I.  An  (  iriental 

am.,  pilgrims,   etc  ;   traveling 

'.'.    \       n;  a  nous i  wheels 

i  ar"a-\.ni  's:i-r> . 

,  ir"a-\an 'se-ra; :  car"- 
a-»»n 'se-r.il '  ;  .   ir     i.i.m   -.  r->  : 
rar'a->il.  •■,    n      A   ,! 

in  the  15th  sentury.      ( 
. 
rar'a-M.i>.  .  \  European  bien- 

.  ■ .  the  9o*called  seeds.    [       \r  'i 

rar'bld.     |  1  kur'biil   ,-r  -bedd;    2   car 'bid   or   -bid,    n.     A 
rar'hlde.  >n  with  one  or  more  positive 

i  ir   bii-rei    . 
car  'bine.  1  kor  i-.  •  ir'bln  or -bin,  n.    A  horse- 

man ciCbl-nccr ', 

-  armed  with  a  carbine     rar"a-bln-eer': ;  car"- 
a-bln-ler ':. 
rar-ho-h)  'drate,  1  kar'lio-hnl'dre';  2  car*bo-hJ"drftt.  n    Any 
'  compounds  containing  urban  combined 
with  hydrogen  and  o 
rar-bol   n  .  ■"■1'ir,  a.    Of ,  pertaining  to, 

I;  of  Ot  pertaining  to  Ci  >al» 
in,  oil  ]     carbolic  acid,  a 
n.  used  as  an  antiseptic  and  disinfectant. 
a*  ]  \  non*metaUic  chemi- 

cal element  found  in  all  organic  sir  !  in  the 

coal-  M,  anything  made  of  car- 

3i  '■   lit  Mi.NT        [  <    L. 

car"lx»-na'ceous.  n.     Of,  perttdning  to, 

carbon-ate.      I.    r,        -m'i-1,1;   -AT'- 

I  •■  acid  -i\.  To  carbonize. 
II  i  tr'boii  cop"),  n.  A  copy 
of  a  ■  i  an  Of  carbon- 
paprr.     car-bon'le,  n     or.  pertaining  to,  or  obtained  from 

,  irbonir  add,  incombustible 

■ 
carbon  dluilil  | .      car"- 
bon-l-/  i    •  -i/:isi;  ]     To 

n  Ith  carbon     earboiilsed 
riot  b  icuo:  used  for  high  re 

rar'bnli   pa"lM-r.  ■  -1  w  1'  Ii  carbon 

hat  It  win  reproduce, m  pa|M-r  underneath 
pn  BSBd  00  It.  OS  bj    pencil  or  type- 

rar"rw>-n  t'do,  I  I       : 

hack  or  slash:  stripe  like  a  carbonado,     "it.  To  score  and 

II  red  and  broiled.     [Sp., 
,   ir'  bo-n.idi'-. 

•    '  •ar-bo-niTro.  n.     [-RI.  1  -rl: 

ret  society  organized 
In   1 808-1 8 M.  for  the  put  I        pelllng  Mural  and  the 

Frer;  -  [|  i.  caThonariui, 

(    ,r'  li.^-ii.i  rl-in,  n 
(  ar"lx,n-lf  er-ou-,  1  k0r*D«n-ir  :.in-If'er-us,  n. 

era.  characterised  by  the 
'■oal-beds.—  car"bon-lf'er-ous,   n 
I  ntalnlng  or  yielding  carbon  or  coal.     'i. 

or  pertaini  r. .  niferous  age. 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    0  =  sing;    fliin,   this.  Car. 

2:  wolf,  dft;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  Carmagnole 


133  2 

one,  Ave,  eight,  etc.— c.  point,  any  one  of  the  four  principal 
points  of  the  compass. — car'dl-nal-ly,  adv. 

car'di-nal,  n.  1.  One  of  the  princes  of  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic Church,  constituting  the  Pope's  chief  advisory 
council.  2.  A  cardinal-bird.  3.  A  short,  hooded  cloak 
worn  by  women  in  the  18th  century.  4.  A  bright  and 
rich  red  color.  [  <  L.  cardinalis;  see  cardinal,  a.] — 
car'dl-nal-ate,  n.  The  rank,  dignity,  or  term  of  office  of  a 
cardinal,  car'dl-nal-shlp}.— car'dl-nal=blrd",  n.  An 
American  red  crested  finch;  redbird.  See  bird. — cflower,  n. 
A  perennial  North-American  herb  having  large  red  flowers. 

card 'lug,  1  kard'irj;  2  card'ing,  n.  1.  The  preparing  of  wool, 
flax,  or  cotton  fibers  before  drawing  or  spinning.  2.  Material 
as  It  comes  from  the  carding-machine. — card'lng=ma- 
chlne",  n.  A  machine  for  carding  material  for  textile  fab- 
rics, as  cotton,  wool,  flax,  etc.,  by  the  action  of  wire-toothed 
cylinders.    card'lng=en"glnet. 

car'dl-o-,  1  kor'di-o-;  2  ear'di-o-.  From  Greek  kardia,  heart: 
a  combining  form. — car'dl-o-graph,  n.  Med.  An  instru- 
ment for  tracing  and  recording  the  force  of  the  movements 
of  the  heart.  [  +  -graph.]  car'dl-a-graphj.— car"dl-o- 
graph'lc,  a.— car"di-og'ra-phy,  n.  car"dl-ag'ra-phyt. 
— car'dl-old,  n.  A  heart-shaped  curve.  [+  Gr.  eidos, 
form.]— car"dl-ol'o-gy,  n.  Anatomical  knowledge  of  the 
heart.    [+  -logy.] 

car-dl'tls,  1  kar-dai'tis  or  -dl'tis;  2  ear-dl'tls  or  -di'tis,  n.  In- 
flammation of  the  muscular  substance  of  the  heart.  [  <  Gr. 
kardia,  heart.] 

car-doon',  1  kar-dun';  2  eiir-doon',  n.  The  prickly  artichoke 
of  the  Mediterranean  region:  eaten  as  a  vegetable.  [<  F. 
cordon.] 

Car-duc'ci,  1  kur-dut'eril;2  ciir-dut'chi,  Glosue (1836-1907). 
An  Italian  poet. 

care,  1  kar;  2  car,  vi.  [cared;  car'ing]  1.  To  be  inter- 
ested or  concerned  for  some  person  or  thing.  2.  To  be 
inclined  or  disposed ;  desire. 

care,  n.  1.  A  state  of  oppressive  anxiety  or  concern;  so'ic- 
itude.  2.  Responsible  charge  or  oversight.  3.  Watch- 
ful regard  or  attention;  heed.  4.  Any  object  of  solici- 
tude or  guardianship.  5f- Affliction;  distress.  [  <  AS. 
curu,  cearu.] 

Syn.:  anxiety,  attention,  caution,  charge,  circumspection, 
concern,  direction,  forethought,  heed,  management,  over- 
sight, perplexity,  precaution,  prudence,  solicitude,  trouble, 
vigilance,  wariness,  watchfulness,  worry.  Care  inclines  to 
the  positive,  caution  to  the  negative;  care  is  shown  in  doing, 
caution  largely  in  not  doing.  Precaution  is  allied  with  care, 
prudence  with  caution;  a  man  rides  a  dangerous  horse  with 
care;  caution  may  keep  him  from  mounting  the  horse;  pre- 
caution looks  to  the  saddle-girths,  bit,  and  bridle,  and  all  that 
may  make  the  rider  secure.  Circumspection  is  watchful  ob- 
servation and  calculation,  but  without  the  timidity  implied 
in  caution.  Concern  denotes  a  serious  interest,  milder  than 
anxiety;  as.  concern  for  the  safety  of  a  ship  at  sea.  Heed  im- 
plies attention  without  disquiet;  it  is  now  largely  displaced  by 
attention  and  care.  Solicitude  involves  especially  the  element 
of  desire,  not  expressed  in  anxiety,  and  of  hopefulness,  not 
Implied  in  care.  Watchfulness  recognizes  the  possibility  of 
danger,  wariness  the  probability.  A  man  who  is  not  in- 
fluenced by  caution  to  keep  out  of  danger  may  display  great 
wariness  in  the  midst  of  it.  Care  has  also  the  sense  of  respon- 
sibility, with  possible  control,  as  expressed  in  charge,  manage- 
ment, oversight;  as,  these  children  are  under  my  care;  send 
the  money  to  me  in  care  of  the  firm.  Compare  alarm;  anxi- 
ety; oversight;  prudence. — Ant.:  carelessness,  disregard, 
heedlessness,  inattention,  Indifference,  neglect,  negligence, 
omission,  oversight,  recklessness,  remissness,  slight.  —  Prep.: 
Take  care  uf  the  house;  for  the  future;  about  the  matter. 

— care'ful,  a.  1.  Exercising,  marked  by,  or  done  with 
care;  attentive  and  prudent;  circumspect.  2||.  Over-anxious 
or  solicitous.  3t.  Grieving;  sorrowful.  Syn.:  see  precise; 
prudent;  thoughtful.— care'ful-ly.nrtr — care'ful-ness, 
n. — careless,  a.  1.  Neglectful;  indifferent;  needless.  2. 
Free  from  solicitude  or  anxiety;  light-hearted.  3.  Negligent ; 
easy.  Syn.:  see  cursory;  improvident;  imprudent;  inat- 
tentive ;hec'uke.  care'less-ly,  adv.  —  care'less-ness,n. — 
Care'worn",  a.     Tired  or  harassed  with  care. 

ca-reen',  1  ka-rin';  2  ea-ren',  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  tip  or  incline 
to  one  side,  as  a  vessel.  2.  To  clean,  repair,  or  calk  a 
ship  when  turned  over.  [<  L.F  carina,  keel.]— ca- 
reen', rt.  ca-reen 'age,  n.  I.  The  Charge  for  careening. 
2.  A  place  where  a  ship  Is  careened  for  repairs. 

ca-reer',  1  ko-rir';  2  ca-rer'.  I.  vi.  To  move  with  a  swift, 
free,  and  headlong  motion.  II.  n.  A  free  and  swift 
course;  a  swift  run  or  charge;  a  life  or  period  of  notable 
achievement.     (  <  F.  carriire,  <  OF.  cam  re,  road.) 

Syn.:  achievement,  charge,  course,  flight,  passage,  public 
life,  race,  rush.  A  career  was  originally  the  ground  for  a  race, 
or,  especially,  for  a  knight's  charge  in  tournament  or  battle; 
whence  career  was  early  applied  to  the  charge  Itself.  "If  you 
will  use  the  lance,  take  ground  for  your  career.  .  .  .  The 
four  horsemen  met  In  full  career."    Scott  Quentln  Durward 


5*- 
Caribou  Antlers. 


ch.  14,  p.  194.  In  its  figurative  use  career  signifies  some  con- 
tinuous and  conspicuous  work,  usually  a  life-work,  and  most 
frequently  one  of  honorable  achievement.  Compare  busi- 
ness. 

ca-ress',  1  ke-res';  2  ca-res',  vt.  To  touch  or  handle  en- 
dearingly; fondle;  embrace;  pet;  treat  with  favor. 

Syn.:  coddle,  embrace,  flatter,  fondle,  kiss,  pamper,  pet. 
To  caress  is  less  than  to  embrace;  more  dignified  and  less 
familiar  than  to  fondle.  Fondling  is  always  by  touch;  caress- 
ing may  be  also  by  words,  or  other  tender  and  pleasing  at- 
tentions.    See  pamper.  —  Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  affront. 

ca-ress',  n.  The  act  of  fondling;  a  gentle,  affectionate 
movement.  [  <  LL.It+F  caritia,  dearness,  <  L.  carua, 
dear.]— ca-ress'lng,  pa.    -ly,  adv. 

car'et,  1  ke'ret;  2  ca'rfit,  n.  A  sign  (A)  placed  below  a 
line,  denoting  an  omission.  [L.,  there  is  wanting,  < 
careo,  want.]  « 

Ca'rey,  1  ke'rt:  2  ca'ry,  n.  1.  Henry  C.  (1793-1879),  an 
American  economist.  2.  William  (1761-1834),  the  founder 
of  English  Christian  missions  in  India,  and  Sanskrit  scholar. 

carft,  imp.  of  carve,  v. 

car 'go,  1  kar'go;  2  car' go,  n.  [-goesz,  pi.]  Goods  and  mer- 
chandise taken  on  board  of  a  vessel;  lading;  load.    [Sp.] 

Ca'rl-a,  1  ke'n-a;  2  ca'ri-a,  n.  Bib.  (Apocrypha).  An  ancient 
country  in  S.  W.  Asia  Minor.    1  Mac.  xv,  22. 

Car 'lb,  1  kar'ib;  2  car'ib,  n.  One  of  a  native  American  race 
formerly  found  in  and  around  Central  America.  —  Car"lb- 
be'an,  a.  &  n. 

Car"lb-be'an  sea,  1  kar*t-bi'an;  2  car'i-be'an.  A  sea  between 
West  Indies  and  South  America. 

car'l-bou,  1  kar'i-bu;  2  car'i-bu,  n.  The  North-American 
reindeer.    [Canadian  F.] 

car'i-ca-ture,  1  kar'i-ka-cTiur  or  -tiur; 
2  car'i-ca-chur  or  -tur  I.  vt. 
[-tured;  -tur"ing.]  To  represent 
so  as  to  make  ridiculous;  travesty; 
burlesque.  II.  n.  1.  A  picture  or 
description  marked  by  ridiculous 
exaggeration  or  distortion;  bur- 
lesque. 2.  The  act  or  art  of  carica- 
turing.   [F.] 

Syn.:  burlesque,  exaggeration,  extravaganza,  imitation, 
mimicry,  parody,  take-olt,  travesty.  A  caricature  is  a  gro- 
tesque exaggeration  of  striking  features  or  peculiarities,  gen- 
erally of  a  person;  a  burlesque  treats  any  subject  in  an  absurd 
or  incongruous  manner.  A  burlesque  is  written  or  acted;  a 
caricature  Is  more  commonly  in  sketch  or  picture.  A  parody 
changes  the  subject,  but  keeps  the  style;  a  travesty  keeps  the 
subject,  but  changes  the  style;  a  burlesque  does  not  hold  It- 
self to  either  subject  or  style,  but  is  content  with  a  general 
resemblance  to  what  it  may  imitate.  A  caricature,  parody, 
or  travesty  must  have  an  original;  a  burlesque  may  be  an  In- 
dependent composition.  An  account  of  a  schoolboys'  quarrel 
after  the  general  manner  of  Homer's  Iliad  would  be  a  bur- 
lesque; the  real  story  of  the  Iliad  told  in  newspaper  style 
would  be  a  travesty.  An  extravaganza  is  a  fantastic  composi- 
tion, musical,  dramatic,  or  narrative.  Imitation  Is  serious; 
mimicry  is  either  intentionally  or  unintentionally  comical. 
— car'1-ca-tur-lst,  n.    A  maker  of  caricatures. 

ca'rl-es,  1  ke'n-iz;  2  ca'ri-es.,  n.  Ulceration  and  decay  of 
a  bone  or  of  a  tooth.  [L.] — ca'rl-ous,  a.  Affected  with 
caries;  decayed,  ca'rledt.  Syn.:  see  rotten.— ca"rl-os'- 
1-ty,  «.     ca'rl-ous-nessj. 

ca-rl'na,  1  ka-rai'no;  2  ca-rl'na,  n.  [-N.E,  1  -nl;  2  -ne,  pi.]  In 
certain  plants  and  animals,  a  keel  or  keel-shaped  formation. 
[L.J—  car'I-nate, a.   car'l-naf'edt. 

<'a-rln'tlil-a,  1  ka-rin'fhi-;>;  2  ca-rin'thl-a,  n,  A  province 
(3,989  sq.  m.;  pop.  396,000)  i"  8.  Austria. 

car'l-ole,  1  kar'i-61;  2  ear'i-ol,  n.    A  small  carriage.    [F.J 

cark,  1  kcirk-  2  ciirk,  vt.  &  vi.  [Archaic.)  To  1111  or  be  tilled 
with  anxiety;  as,  corking  care. 

carl,  1  kflrl;  2  earl,  n.  [Dial,  or  Poet.]  A  stout  fellow;  rustic; 
churl.    [<  AS.  carl.]    carle  J. 

car'lln,  1  kdr'hn;2  ciir'lln,  n.  [Scot.]  An  old  woman.  [<  Ice. 
karlinna.] 

Car-lisle',  1  kar-lail';  2  ciir-111',  n.  A  cathedral  city  (pop. 
50,000),  N.  W.  England,  where  Mary  Queen  of  Seo.s  was 
Imprisoned,  1568. 

Carl'lst,  1  karl'lst;  2  eiirl'Ist,  n.     In   France,  a  supporter  of 

Charles  X.  and  his  line;  In  Spain,  a  supporter  of  the  pretend- 
er, Don  Carlos  de  Bourbon  (1788-1855),  and  of  his  represen- 
tatives. 

car'lott,  n.    A  carl  or  churl;  a  peasant. 

Car"lo-vln'gl-an,  1  kur"lo-vln'Ji-an;  2  ciir'lo-vlti'gl-nn.  I.  o. 
Of  or  pertaining  to  the  dynasty  or  family  of  Charlemagne, 
II.  n.  A  member  of  the  royal  house  of  ( 'liarlemagne  or  a 
sovereign  In  that  line.    Car'o-lliigJ;  Car"o-lln  'gl-aiii. 

Carls'bad,  1  kOrls'bat;  8  earls'bat,  n.  A  health  resort  (pop. 
15,000)  in  Bohemia,  Austria. 

Car-lylc',  1  kur-lall';  2  ciir-lyl',  Thomas  (1795-1881).  A 
Scotl  ish  author;  "the  Sage  ot  Chelsea." 

Car"ma-gnole\  1  kfir'nm-nyoT;  2  I'iir'niiL-nyor.  n,  \  wild 
dance  and  song  of  the  French  revolutionists  of  1789.    [F.J 


I       .»-.l   II   t> 


I  i         •■  ii       ■     i>       nil,  rfllr;   |, in,  I.Orii; 

niA.  gtl.  i    i.        i  ii         i  i       •  .  uA,  not.  Ar,  » An, 


i  i      i 


111 


l  ir   mi- 1 

M.iMlll 

«  »r   in.  Mir, 

rar-inln 

i  jr    inhi   r   . 

ar    n.il. 

rir'n  il-l-i 
rar-nal  l-l> .    . 
il-lii-. 

rir  nr*nii 


|    Ooa 

■ 

i     i  itwr  nf 

.    mil.  fiillllilril 

woolcu 

i 

I 
1 1  \ 

\  rnli  purpli-li-ri  .1 

■•'•"       I  ' 

I    ir-llllll     Ii   . 

iv       ive  and  bloody 
bodii  -  .'i  tin-  slain.    |  < 

i.  Pertaining  in  tin' 

..il,  formerly, 

min.  bloody.    l<  L. 

■•■  nut  ri-ll 

unsplrttual  or  sensual  person. 
'  being  aarnal;  sensuality. 

car'nal-l). 
ir-nar'von,  n     a  town  (pop. 


yard  n 
car-na  tloii.  l  kai  ihon,  »,    1.  Flesh* 

■■•  -li-iint.i  in  tin'  human  face  and 
i.  i  :i  Europe.    [  <  L.*  caro 

I  ar-BCf  io.  I  Vmlrt'W    1837-  ). 

inufacturer  and  philanthropist. 
<  arm  «!•■  Institution,  an  Institution  for  Invest! 

f..r  tin-  lmprovcmen;  of  mankind, 
■■.         ri     ■  aegis 
ear-in'  Han,  1  kur-nil'yini;  2  e&r-nel'yan,  n.    A  clear  red 
a  rut  a*  a  gem.    (<  L.'  eernu,  horn.] 

i  i.r-m-  ll.in:. 
rar  lu-oii-.   .    ■    r*l        -    '-'   car'ne-ns.  a.     1.  of  or  llki-  11. -h; 

i.   ■  ;-■>..  .  .        ciTu.  flesh.) 
rar'nl-f).  \   kOr'nt-toi;  2  ckr'nl-fy.  '(    A  if.     l-iirii;  -iVlMi] 

l  ...    2.  To  form 

flo'  I  <   F.  cnrniflcT.) 

i    ir   nl-ola,  1  kfiCm-O'la:  2   I  aCnl-O'la.  n.     A  province  In 

AU-'  in.;  pop.  526,000. 

c-ar'nl-\al,  1  kur'ni-vol:  2  car'ni-val,  n.     1.  A  period  of 
Lent     S.  Any  a 

[<  L.1-1-*1'  earn,  flesh,   +  lew,  take  away, 
ll«l  ' 
car-nh  'o-IWU,  1  kar-niv'o-rus; 2 e&r-nlv'o-rua, a.  Eating 
[  <  L.  cm  ',,  +  toro,  de- 

roar.]    -I),  adt.    -ness,  n.—  Car-nil  'o-ra,  n.  ;</.    An  order 
of  carnivorous  mammals.— car 'nl-vore,   n.     One  of   the 

<  ar"not\  1  kar*no':  2  car'nO',  Marie  Francois  Sadl  (1837- 

b  Republic;  assassinated. 
car  oh.  1  kar'eb.  2     ar'ob.  n.     1.  An  evergreen  tree  of  the 

X, 

Its  lo:  . 

pods,  used  for  fodda     i  ur'" 

ot). I. •-.in":.  \-  !«♦!  khar- 

car'obet; 

ca-rouh'a:;  car'ubbet. 

r*-roclie',    1    k»-r6Cri':   2  ea- 

I .  A   pleasure»car- 

rta«»   of    ihc   16th  and   17th 

■  i-roach':;    ca- 

rorh':;     ra-roi»e': ;     car- 

rorh':.    I.  Tne  cur 

bearlnc  the  standard  of    an 

Italian  republic. 

carol,  1  kar'al;  2  •  L 

rf     4    ri         [cak'oi.ku    or 

:  .i.ed,      Oll'OLD1; 

cak'uL-ino       or       '"ak'oi,- 

ling  ]   To  utter  in  nong,  as 

a  bird;   sing;    WSJ     -      II. 

n.  -      joy;    the 

I   birds;   a  hymn   of  religious  joy.    [  <  OF. 
:.  :  sec  iivc,  —  rar'ol-er,  n 
Car'o-llne,  1  kar'o-Iln  m  -loin;  2  rar'o-lln  or  -lln,  a.    1.  Per- 
taining to  Charles  I   and  II.  of  England  and  tin  Ir  times.    2. 
Bam*  as  Call 
(  ar"o-lln  rl-an,  1  kar*o-lln'Ji-6n:  2  c&r'o-IIn'gl-an,  a.    Same 

as  CsJDurrn 
Csr"o-lln'l-an,  1  kar*o-lIn'i-f.n.  2  i-ftCo-IIii'l-an     I.  a.    l.Of 
«r  pertslnlnz  to  North  f'arollna  or  South  Carolina.    2.  Car- 
lerlnalan.    II.  n     A  native  or  naturalized  cltlien  of  North 
Cai :  'In*  or  South  Carolina. 


Carob. 

a,  Uav«t;  b,  lAvm;  > 


Car'o>lus,  [-u,  ]   lol 

h  Hold  i  ..in  ..f  the  value  of  sboul  0v«  doi- 
■«i'iii\  shlllll 
car  oiii.  i.  i ..      ,:      ,  vlanoing 

ll.  i.    lln    impai  i   "i  .•■  billi 

i  i«..  ..t!,.  i  balls  in  Nucresaion,  oi  tin     troki   pro 
ilin-im;  ii     '2.  In  incina  "i  "i" 

ir.nn   another      |Al.l.r.   ol    F,   caramboL  \     ran'iiont 

i   ir   nun  '. 
car  'o-lllll.  |   Kal  o  I  ■  Ml  I.. 

.  .i-rnt  'ill.  i  .  ea-rol  id.     I.  a     Of,  i"  rtaining 

r  near  one  ol  the  carotids      ca-rol  'l-dal !.     II.  n 

:  tho  ureal  arteries  ol  thoneok     carotid  :iricr>;. 

■ml  Id  arlrri   I 

i  .i-rou  'ami,  l  ks  rau'ssl;  2 

banquet;  boisterous  revelry.    Syn.:  ace  rnouc. 
bwobn'(  l  k. •  luu/',  8  ea-i  I,  [ca  sot  si  a'\ 

i'uta.1    ro  drink  deeply  and  1 terouslj      D.n 

i  bumper,    I  ■  ■  impletelj ,   i  mm, 

out  i    Sm:  see  raouc.    ea-rous'er,  n 
car 'ou— •<•!.  l  kuiii  iel;2<  merry«go«rouiul,  [F, 

enrruus,)  |   ear'ou-sal : ;  car'rou>selt. 
carp  ,  1  k  ii  rji;  2  i  ai  1 1, 1 1    To  find  fault  unreasonably ;  oavil. 
karpa,  boast.]    carp'er,  n      csrp'lng, 

carp,  ;i.    [carp,  formerly  carps,  pi  \    A  freah«water  I I* 

pa,  carp  j 
carp.,  Hhhr.   i  larpentry. 

<ar'i»al,  1  kaVpel;  2  e&r'pa]     I.  •!     <  If,  pertaining  to,  or 
mar  the  wri.it.    II.  a.    A  carpal  bone.    [<  <ir.  ) 
\srl.it.] 
<ar-pa'(lil-an,  n.    Same  aS  K  IRPATH1  \\. 

car'pel,   1   kaVpel;  2  eftr'pel,    n.     A  oncoelled  pi 
seed«vesBel.    [<  Or.  htrpos,  fruit. i    ear-pel 'umt-    car'- 
pel-la-ri ,  -;. 

car 'pe n-l it,  1  koVpen-tsr;  2  eftVpSn-ter,  a.  A  builder  or 
repairer  of  wooden  structures.  |  <  I. '"  carpi  nlum,  i «..- 
«  heeled  carriage  ]  car 'pen- (ry,  n.  The  art,  trade,  or  work 
of  a  carpenter.   car'pen-ter-Ing|, 

car 'pet,  1  kor'pet ;  2  ear'pet.  P.  si.  To  cover  with  or  na 
with  a  carpet,  II.  n.  1.  A  heavy  ornamental  floor* 
covering;  also,  the  fabric  used  for  it.  '!.  \\>\  amooth  sur- 
face upon  which  one  may  walk.  [<  I.I.'"  earpila, thick 
woolen  eintii  ]  ear'net-bag",  ».  a  band«bag  for  travelers. 
laHy  one  made  of  carpeting.    ear'pet-bag"ger,  n      \ 

Northern  man  who  settled   In   the  Soiithrni   States  al    the 

eioae  of  the  Civil  War:  an  approbrlous  use;  hence,  an  ad- 
venturer.- c. <hcetlc.  n.  a  beetle  whose  larva  Is  hairy  along 
the  sides;  buffalO'bug,  it  destroys  carpets  and  woolen 
fabrics.  c.  =  I)uk;.  car'pet-lng,  n.  1.  Material  used  for 
carpets;  carpets  collectively  '!■  The  acl  ot  coverlngwlth  or 
as  with  carpet.-  carpet  -kiilidit,  n.  One  knighted  for  other 
than  military  achievements;  a  Btay»at*home  soldier. 

car-phol'o-ny,  1  k<ir-fol'o-)i;  2  Car-fAI'O-gy,  n.  Pathol.  A  de- 
lirious automatic  picking  at  the  bedclothes  In  forms  ol  low 
fever.    [<  Qr,  tarphos,  straw,   I  lego,  pluck.] 

ear-pol'o-gy,  l  kar-pel'o-]i;  2  ear-pftl'o-gy,  n,  Thai  depart- 
ment of  botany  which  treats  of  fruits  In  general.  [<  (Jr. 
tarpos,  fruit,  +  -i.. 

car'pus.  1  kor'pns;  2  eiir'pus.  n.  I-i'i,  1  -pal;  2  -pt,  pi]  The 
wrist;  also,  a  part  analogous  to  or  like  a  Wri   I.  :i     iii  crusta- 

[  •'  ( ;r.  karpot,  wrist. 1 
Car-rac'd,  1  kor-rut'clit;  2  ear-riit'ehi,  n.    One  of  :i  family  of 
Italian  painters:  (li  Aftostlno  (1567-1602).     (2)  Annlbale 
(1660   1600).     (3)   Ludovlco  (1555-1619),  founder  of  the 
Bolognese  school. 

ear'raik,  a,     Same  ms  CARACK. 

ear"ra-geen',  l  kar*s-gln';  2  car'a-gcn',  n.   A  small  purplish* 
eoi  imi  edible  marine  alga;  the  Irl  imo    of  commerce    i 
Carragheen,  mar  Waterford,  Ireland,]    car"a-neen'};  car"- 
a-Kliien':;  ear"ra-({lieeii ': ;  rar"rl-Keeil'J. 

<  ar-ra'ra,  1  Lnr-rn'm;  2  lar-rii'rii,  n.  A  town  (pop.  42,000) 
In  N.  Italy;  famous  for  marble»quarrles. 

Car'rlaKC,  1  kar'ij;  2  ear'aK,  n.      1.  A  wheeled  vehicle  for 

carrying  persons.    '*.  That  which  carries  something,  as 

in  a  machine     -I.  Transportation;  the  charge  for,  or  cost 

irrying.    4.  Deportment;  bearing.    5.  Tin- carrying 

of  a  besieged  place    0  .That  which  is  carried.    71.  Im- 

rheaning.    [<   Ol    cariage,  <  carter,  carry.] 

Syn.:  see  air2,  n.;  manner.     Compare bbhavior. 

<'ar"rlek-fer'«us,  1    kar*ik-ffir'Eiis;  2   car'lk-fer't'us,  n.     A 

seaport  town  In  N.  E.  Ireland;  pop.  4,200. 
car'ri-er,  1  kar'i-ar;  2  c.1r'i-er,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that 
which  carries,  (l)  A  person  or  company  that  under- 
takes to  carry  persons  or  goods  for  hire,  as  a  railroad 
company,  etc.  (2)  One  who  carries  or  delivers  messages, 
letters,  etc.  (3)  A  carrier-pigeon.  (4)  A  conduit,  t. 
Meeh,  Something  that  conveys,  drives,  moves,  or  sup- 
ports something  i 

— ear"rl-er=iilir'eon.  n.   A  homing  ^'.neon.    See  homing. 
under  aunm. 


1:»=  final;    1=  habit;    aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    diin;    go;    n  =  sing;    thin,   Hiis.  carman 

135    2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  care,   bflt,   burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.     Casaubon 


Carromata  of  the 
Philippines. 


car'rl-on,  1  kar'i-an;  2  car'i-on,  n.  Dead  and  putrefying 
flesh;  a  carcass.    [  <  L.LL  caro,  flesh.]    car 'i-onf. 

car'rltch,  1  kar'icTi;  2  car'ich,  n.  [Scot.]  A  catechism;  cate- 
chizing; scolding.    [Cor.  of  catechism.) 

Car'roll,  1  kar'al:  2  car'ol,  n.  1.  Charles  (1737-18321,  an 
American  patriot;  signed  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 
2.  Lewis,  see  Dodgson. 

car"ro-ma'ta,  1  kar"o-ma'ta;2  ear'o-ma'ta,  n.  [P.  I.]  [Sp.)  A 
long,  narrow  two- 
wheeled    covered   ve- 
hicle. 

car"ro-nade',  1  kar'o- 
ned';  2  car"o-nad',  n. 
A  former  short,  cham- 
bered ordnance-piece 
of  large  caliber  and 
short  range.  [<  the 
Canon  iron  -  works, 
Scotland.] 

car'rot,  1  kar'at;  2  car'ot,  n.  A  reddish-yellow  edible 
root,  or  the  plant  producing  it.  [  <  Gr.L+F  karoton,  car- 
rot.)— car'rot-y,  a.    Like  a  carrot;  reddish-yellow. 

car'ry,  1  kar'i;  2  car'y,  »■  [car'ribd;  car'ry-ing.]  I.  t. 
1.  To  bear  or  cause  to  be  borne  from  one  place  to 
another;  transport;  convey.  2.  To  bear  in  mind;  con- 
tain; include;  comprise;  involve;  imply.  3.  To  lead; 
urge;  move;  influence.  4.  To  transfer;  remove;  extend. 
5.  To  win;  capture.  6.  To  bear  up;  sustain;  hold.  7. 
To  demean  or  conduct;  bear;  behave.  8.  [U.  S.]  To 
keep  on  hand.  II.  i.  1.  To  act  as  a  carrier.  2.  To  have 
or  exert  impelling  or  propelling  power.  [  <  L.OF  carrus, 
cart.] 

Syn.:  bear,  bring,  convey,  lift,  move,  remove,  sustain, 
take,  transmit,  transport.  A  person  may  bear  a  load  either 
when  in  motion  or  at  rest;  he  carries  it  only  when  in  motion. 
The  stooping  Atlas  bears  the  world  on  his  shoulders;  swiftly 
moving  Time  carries  the  hour-glass  and  scythe;  a  person  may 
be  said  either  to  bear  or  to  carry  a  scar,  since  it  is  upon  him 
whether  in  motion  or  at  rest.  If  an  object  is  to  be  moped 
from  the  place  we  occupy,  we  say  carry;  if  to  the  place  we 
occupy,  we  say  bring.  A  messenger  carries  a  letter  to  a  cor- 
respondent, and  brings  an  answer.  Take  is  often  used  in  this 
sense  in  place  of  carry;  as,  late  that  letter  to  the  office.  Carry 
often  signifies  to  transport  by  personal  strength,  without 
reference  to  the  direction;  as,  that  is  more  than  he  can  carry; 
yet,  even  so,  it  would  not  be  admissible  to  say  carry  it  to  me, 
or  carry  it  here;  in  such  case  we  must  say  bring.  To  lift  is 
simply  to  raise  an  object  from  its  support,  tho  but  for  an 
Instant,  with  no  reference  to  holding  or  moving;  one  may  be 
able  to  lift  what  he  could  not  carry.  The  figurative  uses  of 
carry  are  very  numerous;  as,  to  carry  an  election,  carry  the 
country,  carry  (in  the  sense  of  capture)  a  fort,  carry  an  audi- 
ence, carry  a  stock  of  goods,  etc.  Compare  convey;  keep; 
support. — Ant.:  drop,  fall  under,  give  up,  let  go,  shake  off, 
throw  down,  throw  off. 

— to  carry  arms.  1.  To  belong  to  the  army.  2.  To  bear 
weapons.  3.  Mil.  To  hold,  as  a  musket,  pike,  or  sword,  in  a 
special,  upright  position  against  the  shoulder. — to  c.  away. 

1.  To  move  the  feelings  greatly;  make  beside  oneself,  as  with 
passion  or  rapture.  2.  Naut.  To  break  off;  lose  by  break- 
ing off,  as  in  a  collision  or  gale. — to  c.  coals  to  Newcastle, 
to  take  goods  to  a  place  where  they  already  abound;  hence, 
to  throw  away  one's  labor. 

car'ry,  1  kar'i;  2  car'y,  n.    [car'ries2,  pi.]    1.  A  portage. 

2.  The  range,  as  of  a  gun. 

car'ry-all",  1  kar'i-51";  2  car'y-al",  n.  A  one-horse  four- 
wheeled  covered  vehicle.    [Cor.  of  cariole.] 

car'ryke,  n.    Same  as  carack. 

Car'son,  1  kflr'san;  2  car'son,  Christopher,  known  as  Kit 
(1809-1808).    An  American  trapper  and  hunter. 

Car'son  City.    A  city,  capital  of  Nevada;  pop.  2,500. 

cart'1,  1  kart;  2  cart,  v.  I.  t.  T»  convey  or  carry  in  or  as 
in  a  cart.  II.  i.  To  drive  or  use  a  cart. — cart'age,  n. 
The  act  or  cost  of  carting. — cart'er,  n.  One  who  drives  a 
cart;  a  teamster. 

cart,  n.  1.  A  heavy  two-wheeled  vehicle,  for  carrying 
loads.  2.  A  light  two-wheeled  vehicle  with  springs,  as 
for  pleasure.    [  <  Ice.  kartr.] 

Car"ta-Re'na,  1  k(ir"ta-jl'na;  2  car"ta-gc'na,  n.  1.  A  seaport 
(100.000)  in  H.  B.  Spain.  2.  A  seaport  (pop.  35,000)  In 
Bolivar,  Colombia. 

carte1,  1  kart;  2  curt,  n.  A  card  or  paper;  a  bill  of  faro. 
[F.,  card.]— carte  blanche,  1  blQnsn;  2  bliihch,  an  order 
signed  in  blank  to  be  filled  up  at  discretion;  unconditional 
permission  or  authority.  [F.]— carte'«de«vl-8lte',  1  »d8» 
vi-zlt';  2  -de-vl-si't.',  n.  [CARTES'«M}"VI-MTE',  pi.]  A  visit- 
ing-card, or  a  photograph  on  a  small  card.    [F] 

carte2,".    A.  portion  in  fencing.    [<  F.  fluorie,  lit.  fourth.] 

car'tel,  1  ker't.cl;2  e&r'tel,  n.  I.  A  written  official  agree- 
ment, as  for  the  exchange  of  prisoners  "J.  A  written 
challenge,  as  to  single  combat.     [II     Syn.:  see  contk\ct. 

Car'tcr-ct,  J  kur'tar-et;  2  car'tcr-et.  John.   See  Granville. 


Car-te'sian,  1  kdr-tl'3an;  2  car-te'zhan,  a.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  Rene  Descartes,  a  French  philosopher  and 
geometer  of  the  17th  century,  or  his  doctrines  and 
methods. — Car-te'slan-Ism,  n. 

Car'thage,  1  kar'thij;  2  car'thag,  n.  An  ancient  country  and 
city,  N.  Africa;  destroyed  by  the  Romans,  146  B.  C. 

Car-thu'slan,  1  kar-thiu'3an;  2  ear-thu'zhan,  n.  A  monk  or 
nun  of  the  order  founded  by  St.  Bruno  In  1086. — Car-thu'- 
slan, a. 

Car"tier',  1  kar"tye';  2  car»tye',  Jacques  (1491-1557).  A 
French  navigator;  discoverer  of  the  St.  Lawrence  river,  1535. 

car'tl-lage,  1  kSr'ti-hj;  2  car'ti-lag,  n.  A  tough,  elastic 
animal  tissue;  gristle.  [F.]— car"tl-lag'i-nous,  a.  1. 
Of  or  like  cartilage;  gristly.  2.  Having  a  gristly  skeleton,  as 
sharks. 

car-tog  'ra-phy,    >1  kar-tog'rs-fi;  2  car-t6g'ra-fy,  n.     The 

char- tog 'ra-phy,  S  art  of  drawing  charts.  [<  L.  charta  (see 
chart,  n.)  +  -graphy.)— car-[or  char-]tog'ra-pher,  n. 

car'ton,  1  kar'tan  or  -ten;  2  car'ton,  n.  1.  A  pasteboard  box. 
pasteboard.  2.-  A  cartoon.  3.  A  white  disk  within  the  bull's- 
eye  of  a  target  or  a  shot  striking  it.    [F.] 

car-toon',  1  kar-tun';  2  car-toon',  n.  1.  A  sketch  for  a 
fresco  or  mosaic.  2.  A  caricature.  [  <  L.It+p  charta;  see 
caro1,  ».]  Syn.:  see  picture. — car-toon',  vt. — car-toon  '- 
1st,  n. 

car-touch',    }  1  kar-tQsTi'  or  -tutfh:  2  ear-tucb  or  -tuch,  n.    1. 

car-touche',  S  Egypt.  Antiq.  An  oblong  figure  with  rounded 
ends,  containing  the  name  of  a  king,  queen,  or  deity,  as  on 
monuments  and  papyri.  2.  Arch.  An  ornamental  tablet  or 
scroll  with  inscription  or  emblem;  a  scroll-shaped  bracket, 
etc.  3.  Mil.  (1)  A  cartridge.  (2)  A  cartridge-box.  (3)  An 
ammunition-bag.    [  <  F.  cartouche.] 

car'tridge,  1  kar'tnj;  2  car'tridg,  n.  1.  A  charge  for  a 
firearm  or  for  blasting,  enclosed  in  a  case 
or  shell.  2.  Phot.  A  small  tube  of  chemi- 
cals; also,  a  roll  of  protected  sensitized 
films.  [Cor.  <  F.  cartouche,  cartridge.] 
— blank  cartridge,  a  cartridge  containing 
powder  only. 

car'tu-Ia-ry,  1  kar'tlu-le-n;  2  ear'tfi-la-ry,  n. 
[-riesz,  pi.]  A  collection  or  a  register  of  char- 
ters, etc.,  as  of  a  monastery;  an  officer  in 
charge  of  such  records.  [<  LL.  cartularium.] 
char'tu-Ia-ryl;. 

Cart'wrlght,  1  kart'rait;  2  ciirt'rtt,  n.  1. 
Edmund  (1743-1823),  an  English  clergy- 
man, inventor  of  the  power-loom.  2.  Peter 
(1785  -  1872),  an  American  Methodist 
preacher.  3.  Thomas  (1535- 
1603),  an  English  Puritan  con 
troversialist. 

car'un-cl(eB,  1  kar'urj-kl;  2  car'-  a 
un-cl,  n.  A  fleshy  excrescence,  b 
as  a  cock's  comb.  [<  L.  carun- 
cula,  <  caro,  flesh.]  ca-run'cu- 
lat.  —  ca-run'cu-lar,  a.— ca- 
run'cu-late,  a.  —  ca-run'cu- 
lous,  a. 

carv(e8,     1     karv;     2     carv,    v     ,.  v  s  A  int,a    m  onl|. 

[CARVED,      CARVD8;      CARV'lNG.]j,or.     2.  Section' of  oenter.flre  metal- 

I.  t.         1.    To    CUt  figures    Or    de-'l"  "I"  <*•  pielol  osrlrMf-e-caao;    a, 

signs  upon.    _  2._  To  make  by^1™";'"^;^:  J™*';;;™'; 

Cutting    Or  Chiseling;    Sculpture.  oartrld(;e.™»e.'     :i.  Shot'.shell,  with 

3.  To  cut  up,  as  cooked  meat.  >'"okshot-    *••  shot-sbeii;  a,  pow- 

II.  i.    1.  To  make  carved  workder;  6'  6-  wads; "' 8hot' 

or  figures.  2.  To  cut  up  cooked  meat  served  at  table. 
[  <  AS.  ceor/an.]  Syn.:  see  cut.— carv'en,  a.  [Poet.] 
Wrought  by  carving  or  graving;  carved. — carv'er,  n.  1. 
One  who  carves.  2.  A  carving-knife. — carv'lng,  n.  The 
act  of  one  who  carves;  carved  work. 

car'vel,  1  kar'vel;  2  car'vel,  n.  Naut.  A  caravel.— car'vel« 
built",  a.  Naut.  Built  with  carvel-joints:  distinguished 
from  clinker'buill. — c.  join  I,  n.  A  flush  Joint,  as  of  two 
planks  or  plates  in  a  vessel's  side. 

Car'ver,  1  kfir'var;  2  ciir'ver.  John  (1575-1621).  An  English 
Puritan;  1st  governor  of  Plymouth  colony. 

Ca'ry,  1  ke'rr.  2  eft'rv.  n.  1.  Alice  (1820-1871).  an  American 
poet  and  novelist.  2.  Phoebe  (1824-1871),  an  American 
poet;  sister  of  Alice. 

car"y-at'ld,  1  kar'i-at'id:  2  car'y-St'ld,  n.  A  supporting  col- 
umn In  the  form  of  a  sculptured  female  figure.  |  <  L.  Carya- 
tides, <  Gr.  Karyatidcs.] 

car"y-op'sls,  1  kar'i-op'sis;  2  ear*y-6p'slh,  n.  [-op'bes  or 
-op'si-des,  pi.]  A  seed-like  fruit,  as  the  grains  of  wheut  ana 
rye.  [  <  Gr.  karyon,  nut,  +  Gr.  opsis,  appearance.]  car'  I- 
op'slst. 

Ca"sa-bl-an'ca,  1  Jsfl'Ki-bMln'ka:  2  ea'sa-bl-anTca,  Louis 
(1752-1798).  A  French  naval  officer;  his  son  is  the  hero  of 
Mrs   Tlemans's  poem  Casahlnncfi. 

Ca-sau'bon,  1  fcB-eS'bsn  or  IF.)  kn'zo'bon';  2  ca-sa'bon  or 
(F.)  ca'sO'bon',  Isaac  (1559-1614).  A  Swiss  scholar  ami 
theologian. 


Cartridges. 


. '  •  I 


prCr;    bh,  police;    olvv.  go;   nat,  »r;   full,  rfllr;   lint.  bOrn; 
'  i  >     »  >      ■  •     ,    v      ■'         It.  I        i  I      •;  go.  not.  Or,  win,       136 


■  ,i~.  . 


■ 

\ 


•Ml. 

.11 

i  tonic; 

I .     I       c,.\ ,  r 


c»s<- . 


I.    -  lition  ><r  situation; 

i  noun,  pronoun,  or 

iting  the  rehv 

..Mi. ,n,        Indirect  «.» ■-<•  - 

he  nominate  e  and  vocath  >■ 
1  ur  <>(  li'-r  covering  in  w  Inch 

ki  pi ;  i|uantity  or  number 
•. .  with  oompartn 
immonly   made   u 
■  i pi><  r  i  sp    i  ase  ipital  letters)  and 

l"i>  •  r  «  .  tivi  Lj      S.    Building. 

m  indow,  ur  the  liU--. 

I  stone  over  brick. 
4  .    .  oly  in  beraldi 

i  :i-c  '  til  ml  "Iiiic.  n      A 
process  of  ■  r  la  made  sepa- 

rately and  the  sh<  •  ta  are  t  •     bottle,  n      \ 

ise.     r. 'knife, 
i  2.  a  table»knlfe 

■     -imi.   .      \  .  .if  a  metal  ease  filled  with 

b»lL- 

h3rd"en.  1  kfieMidrd"n;  ^  easMi&rd'n,  rf.     1.  To 
har:  .of    (iron).      2.   To 

.'ill-. 

m,  n.    A  compound  found  In  milk: 
In  cheese.     [<;   L.  caucus.  • 
ra'-e-liu-:.     ca'se-lc,  a. 

t.n.     A.  vaulted  chamber 

•  r  an  armored  bulkhead  on  chipboard, 

■  .i-i-  'uiat-ed,  a. 

caM-'iiniit.    .  or  -msnt;  2   eaa/ment,   n.     A 

■ash;  a  window.    [<  LL.  casamentum, 

•Tame  | 

rj'>piiu»,  1  ke'si-us:  2  ca'se-Oa,  a.    Of,  pertaining  to,  or  like 

cheese:  cheesy.    [  •  heese.) 

r»"irn  ',  1  kft-iiirti';  2  ea-ecrn'.  n.    A  barrack  for  soldiers  In  a 

K&rrtaon  town.     [<   F.  aucrne.)     ra-serin': .  (check. 

I  o  convert  into  cash,  as  a 

l.  .i  money  in  hand  or  readily  available. 

2.  M  .  vrnent;  as,  five  per 

OF.  (  <!•■<<,  box  ] 

Sjrnj  see  M" '.).'i.      ra,h'>b<iiik",  n.     A   book  devoted  to 
i     ho) .  i.  i/irl,  n.    A  boy  or  girl  employed 
to  carry  u,  a  sales-counter  and  a  cashier. 

cash1,  *-n.  pi  ]     A  former  coin  of  China,  worth  onc» 

fedsu,  .-mall  ooin  ] 

(  a»h  . 

r»— hi-» '.  -.a  tropieal  Amert 

now  and    Asia:   also.    Its   fruit,    the 

Malay  kdyu,  tree.] 
■  i-h-i-r'.   |  -'-'.  rf      To  dismiss  in  dis- 

grace, as  a  rnilit  ■■  •  1 1 -'-n r- 1 

|    Syn.:  see  break. 
rash-ler',  tah^keeper  or 

,  moneybox  ] 

eaab'meft  .  i.  \  fine  and  soft 

'.*.  t  fabric  made 

<  BshBBCTC  goat,  a  variety  of  goal  found  In  Kashmir. 
Caab-flsese'  .  •      Rame  as  Ki  mum. 

C  a"-l"mlr '   Pe"rler '.  ■     •       •     -  '■;■■ 

p?'r>''    Jean  Paul  Pierre     1-17    1907       ,\   | 
man:   I 
ra-'lng.  I    kCs'in:  Z  eas'mg,  n.     That  with  which  a  thing  or 
-    ined. 

-4'no,  n.     1.  A  room  or  building 
mei»houae,  or 


the  hk.      is  in   It.iU        :i.    \  g.m t  .   ir.|-       |ll  .  dun     ni 

lUSr  i     ras-»l  'mi! . 
cask,  1  knsk.L"  cask,  'i      I  haped  woodi 

r  the  quantity  it  will  hold     2(.  k  casks!     [<8p.v 

•  i-k  | 
i  .i-   kcl,  1  k.i-'k.t  ,  g  ■  a-  ket,  "       I.  A  small  boi  or  chest. 

rela  ur  other  precious  articles      '!■  |l'    B.]    \ 

imti ,:-  i  eu  - 

k.  t. 

(    it   |.l    in    -in.    ,-.       ....    ii<'|i|:m        \n    Inland   salt    sea 
I      I  nr.nH    and  Asia     lei    isl   tq    m  ), 

raaqui .  :  i  isk.  s     a  helmet;  ■  belmeuuxs  protuber- 

■  Moued.  ■/  [man, 

Lewis  (1783-18AI        In  Unertcao 
Cis  san'dra,  1  ka  ssn'drs  i   n.    \iuiii    A  Trolan 

prophetess,  daughter  of  Priam;  foretold  the  tall  of   ir..\ 
Kiiicii  In  captl>  It) 

ras-sa'tliui.  1  >>  Sfl'lTlWn  F  cu-HA'shon.  fi      1.  The  net  of  nwik- 

Ing  null  or  abrogating,  as  a  Judgment  or  decree,    'l.  ttut    a 
oompi  ■  ral  movements,  similar  to  a  suite.    [F„ 

i    .  .      .  iiniiiii  ■  mpl y  I 

i.i>".i'i.i,  I  ka-SO'va  S  d  Vvt  •'  1.  <  'nc  of  various  tropi- 
cal  Unerlcan  shrubs  or  barbs;  manioc.    2.  Tapioca.    (< 

Cas'sel,  l  Ml  ••     a  manufacturing  etty  In  8  W 

Prussia;  |M>p.  168,000. 
i  a-  -i-role.  1   kaS'S  I.  n.     1.  A  stew-pan.     ?.  A 

iii-ii  with  a  handle  used  by  ohemlsta,    :t.  a  stc»;  also,  a 

tin ili I  ur  the  like  to  contain  a  made  dish.     |1-'.] 
c. i-  -la.  11      I    ..     '..i-h'a,ri      a  c  lar-e  variety  of  cinnamon: 

alBO,  the  tree  \  leldlllg  It.      U-l 

eas'sl-mere,  1  ka>'i-mir;  'Z  casi-mcr,  n.  A  woolen  cloth 
for  man's  wear.  |<  F.eaainur,  =  caskhsbd.]  kor'- 
M\-inere:. 

<'as"sl-<>-pe'la,  1  kas'i-o-pl'ye;  Z  eis'1-o-pB'ya,  n.  A  con- 
stellation near  mirth  pule    See  COMBTOLLATIOlf. 

Cas'slus,  1  kaah'ns;  S  eaatVoa,  Lon-ct'nui  <  a'lus  (died  42 
B   ('.).    A  Roman  general,  conspirator  against  Cassat 

<  a-"-l-\e-lau'nus,  1  ka-"i-vi-lo'ni'-  Z  <  a.-'l-x  i-la'nns.  n.  A 
llrlti.-h  king.  Submitted  l"t  asar.  .">4  It   <  '.     (as-slh'e-latl ;. 

cas 'sock,  1  ka-'.ik;  Z  efts/ok,  a.  1.  Bed.  A  close-fitting 
garment,  naching  to  tin-  feet,  as  worn  by  the  Roman 
<  latholic  clergy.  2  |.  Any  long  coat  or  gown;  especially, 
a  military  cloak.     (It.F  casarcn,  greatcoat  ] 

eas'so-wa-ry,  1  ka-'u-we-n;  Z  ca-'u-wa-ry,  n.   [-BH8*,  pi] 


lleltneted 
Cassowary.    '/»o 


-^4*7 


A  large,    fleet,    ostrich-like    l.ird 
Of    Australia.      [<    Malay    fed      I- 
}inrl\.  cassowary. 1 
cast,    1    kast;    2  cast,  r.     [cast; 
•  a-t'im.  ]     I.  t.     1.  To    throw 
with    force;    fling;    hurl.     2.  To 
throw  ofT,  out,  or  over;   emit; 
let  fall.   shed.     3.  To  deposit;      % 
give;    as,  to  cast  a  vote.     4.  To  _j£,  - 
direct  or  turn;  impute.     5.  To  ^^SsgT 
make  a  east  of;    found;    st.-r «^   ."  _- 

type.    6.  To  oompute;  reckon  p 

Up;  calculate.  7.  Thrnt.  (1) 
ign,  as  for  a  part.  (2) 
To  distribute  the  parts  of  (a  play).  8.  Law.  To  defeat 
in  a  suit.  tf.  To  contrive;  plan.  II.  i.  1.  To  take  shape 
in  a  mold,  as  metal.  2.  To  make  a  computation.  3.  To 
revolve  something  in  the  mind;  meditate;  scheme;  con- 
sider. [<  Ice.  kasta,  throw.)  Syn.:  sec  throw.  — to  cast 
down,  1.  To  overthrow.  1.  To  cause  to  feel  dejection. 
Syn.:  see  abase.  —  to  east  off,  to  reject;  discard:  disown. 
Syn_-  sec  ABANDON.— to  cast  up,  to  add.  See  add. 
cast,  n  1.  The  act  of  throwing;  anything  thrown,  or  the 
distance  to  which  it  is  or  may  be  thrown  2.  An  object 
Led  or  run  in  or  as  in  a  mold.  3.  An  impression,  as 
in  wax  or  plaster  4.  A  characteristic  formation;  stamp; 
shade.  5.  A  twistj  warp;  Bquint. 
6.  Theat.  The  distribution  of  parts 
to    performers.      7.    [Local]      a 

chance  help;  a  lift  H.  A  course  or 
change  in  a  course.  9.  A  forecast  or 
conjecture.     10  ■  A  stroke  or  turn. 

«  a  —  la'll-a.  1  kas-tC'li-s:  2  cas-tfl'll-a, 

n.   A  fountain  on  Mount  Parnassus, 

near    Delphi,  sacred    to  Apollo   and 

Cas'ta-lj?  [Poet.]. — 

(  as-ta'll-an,  a. 

eas'ta-net,  1  kas'ta-net;   2    < 

nfit,  n.    A  pair  of  small  clappers, 

1  as  an  accompaniment  to  song 

or  dance.  [<  I. .-i-  en  Innrn,  chestnut. 1 
cast'a-way,   1   kost's-we;  2   cast'a-wa,  n. 

wrecked  or  abandoned;  an  outcast, 
caslc,  1  kost ;  2  cast,  n      ( )n<-  of  the  hereditary  classes  into 

which  society  is  divided  in  Hindustan;  also,  the  prince- 


Castanets,  showing 
the  manner  of 
holding. 

One  who  is 


1:8  =  final;    l  =  habltj^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    <fbin;    go;    Q  =  Bing;    fhin,   this,      cascabel 

137        2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   611,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  Catalo 


pie  or  custom  of  this  division;  a  social  class.     [<  L.pe 
castus,  pure.]    castt.    Syn.:  see  class. 
Cas"te-lar',  1  kas'te-lfir';  2  eas'te-liir',  Emillo  (1832-1899). 

A  Spanish  statesman  and  author. 
cas'tel-lan,  1  kas'te-lan;  2  cas'te-lan,  n.    The  keeper  or  com- 
mander of  a  castle,    cas'tel-lalnt. — cas'tel-la-ny,  n. 
cas'tel-laf'ed,  1  kas'te-let"ed ;  2  €as'te-lat"8d,  pa.     1. 
Having  battlements;  built  like  a  castle;  fortified.     2. 
Having  a  castle  or  castles. 
cas'tel-ry,  1  kas'l-n;  2  eas'l-ry,  n.    [-riesz,  pi.]    The  govern- 
ment, tenure,  or  jurisdiction  of  a  castle;  the  territory  sub- 
ject to  the  lord  of  the  castle,    cas'tle-ryt. 
cast'er,  )  1  kast'ar;  2  cast'er,  n.     1.  One  who  or  that 
cast  'or,  J  which  casts.    2.  A  cruet  for  condiments.    3.  A 
small  (swiveling)  roller  fastened  under  an  article  of  fur- 
niture, etc. 
cas'ti-gate,    1    kas'ti-get;   2   cas'ti-gat,   vt.     [-GAT"EDd; 
-gat"ing.]    To  punish  with  or  as  with  the  rod;  chastise. 
[  <  L.  castus,  pure,  +  ago,  make.]     Syn.:  see  beat;  chasten. 
— cas"tl-ga'tlon,  n.    A  whipping;  severe  rebuke  or  criti- 
cism.— cas'ti-ga"tor,  n. — cas'tl-ga-to-ry,  a. 
Cas-tlle',  1  kas-tll';  2  cas-til',  n.    A  former  Spanish  kingdom, 

now  divided  into  three  provinces. 
Cas-tll'lan,  1  kas-til'yan;  2  cas-til'yan,  n.     1.  A  citizen  of 
Castile.    2.  The  speech  of  Castile;  pure  Spanish. — Cas-tll'- 
lan, a. 
cast'ing,  1  kast'irj;  2  cast'ing,  n.    The  act  of  casting,  or 

that  which  is  cast;  any  metal  object  cast  in  a  mold. 
cast"*l'ron,  1  kast"«ai'arn;  2  casf'-i'ern,  o.     1.  Made  of 

cast  iron.    2.  Like  cast  iron;  rigid;  unyielding. 
cas'tl(ep,  1  kas'l;  2  cas'l.    I.  vt.  &  vi.     [cas'tled;  cas'- 
tling.]    1.  To  place  in  or  a 

as   in    a   castle;    fortify. 

2.  Chess.  To  change  si- 
multaneously the  relative 
positions  of  king  and  cas- 
tle. II.  n.  1.  A  strong 
fortress;  a  castle-like 
building;  any  place  of 
rightful  defense  and  se- 
curity. 2.  Chess.  A  cas- 
tle-shaped piece;  a  rook. 

3.  A  close  helmet;  casque. 
[<  L.Aa  castellum,  dim. 
of  castrum,  fort.] 

Syn.:  see  fortification. 
Cas'tle-reagh,  1  kas'l-re;  2 

cas'l-ra,  Robert  Stewart, 

Viscount  (1769-1822).    A 

British  statesman. 
cas'tle-ry,  n.    Same  as  cas- 

telry. 
cas'tor1, 1  kas'tar;   2  cas'- 

tor,  n.      1.  A  beaver,  or 

otherUhata    f ¥.'  A^heavy  CaaU'e  «  Carcassonne,  Prance 

fU"f-~  a  j.  "-  principal  eatr;    It,   It,  harlncan;  /-,  f>,  >•, 

fabric  for  overcoats,  etc.  gat„!  r>  pir„ern;  ,M.  passage  to  the  castle; 

[<    Gr.       kastOT,  beaver.]     ec,  portico  surrounding  the  courtyard;/,  don- 
CaS'tOr^,  n.     An  Oily  odorOUS  >"n-  .''•  u.u»rters  of  the  guard;  I',  great 'watch. 

secretion  of  beavers:  used  tower- 

In  perfumery,   etc.     [<    L.   castoreum.]     cas-to're-umt- 

cast 'or3,  n.    Same  as  caster. 

Cas'tor  and  Pol 'lux,  1  kas'tar,  pel'uks;  2  cas'tor,  p61'uks. 
1.  The  two  brightest  stars  in  the  constellation  Gemini.  2. 
Twin  sons  of  Jupiter  and  Leda.    DI"os-cu'rlJ. 

cas'tor=bean",  1  kas'tar-bln";  2  cas'tor-ben",  n.  The  seed  of 
the  castor-oil  plant. 

cas'torsoll",  1  kus'tar-oil";  2  cas'tor-oil",  n.  A  thick 
vegetable  oil:  used  as  a  cathartic—  castor  =oll  plant, 
a  plant  widely  spread  over  warm  regions,  the  bruised  seeds 
of  which  afford  castor-oil.    pal"ma  t  "hrls'll ; . 

«as"tra-me-ta'tlon,  1  kas'tra-mi-te'stian;  2  cas'tra-me-ta'- 
shon,  n.  1.  The  art  or  act  of  laying  out  a  camp.  2.  The  plan 
of  a  camp.    [  <  L.  caslra,  camp,  +  tfietor,  measure.] 

cas'trate,  1  kas'tret;  2  cas'trat,  vt.  To  remove  the  sexual 
germ-bearing  glands  from;  emasculate;  geld;  mutilate. 
[<  L.  castro,  castrate.]— cas-tra'tlon,  n. 

cas'u-al,  1   ka^'u-al;    2   cazh'u-al,  a.     1.  Occurring  by 
chance;  accidental;  unusual.    2.  Occurring  at  irregular 
intervals;  occasional.    3.  Characterized  by  nonchalance. 
4t-  Precarious.    [  <  L.LL+P  casus,  chance.] 
Syn.:  see  accidental;  incidental. 

— cas'u-al,  n.  [Gt.  Brit.]  A  casual  laborer  or  pauper:  a 
chance  visitor.— cas'u-al-Iy,  adv.— cas'u-al-ty.  n.  [-TIBS', 
pi.]  1.  A  fatal  or  serious  accident.  2.  A  chance  occurrence. 
3.  pi.  In  war,  losses  arising  from  any  cause.  Syn.:  see  acci- 
dent; HAZARD. 

cas-u-al'l-tyt,  n.    1.  Casualness.    2.  A  casualty. 

cas'u-lst-ry,  1  ka^'u-ist-n;  2  cazh'u-ist-ry,  n.  [-BIBS1, 
Vl)    1.  The  determination  of  duty  in  doubtful  cases, 


2.  Sophistical  reasoning.  [<  L.p  casus,  case.]  cas"u- 
Is'tlcst.— cas'u-ist,  n.  1.  An  expert  in  casuistry 
2.  A  moral  sophist.— cas"u-ls'tlc,  a.  cas"u-ls'tl-calt.— 
cas"u-ls'tl-cal-ly,  adv. 
cat,  1  kat;  2  cat,  n.  1.  A  domesticated  carnivorous  mam- 
mal, kept  to  kill  mice  and  rats  and  as  a  pet.  2.  Any  re- 
lated or  similar  animal,  as  a  lion,  tiger,  or  polecat.  3, 
One  of  various  fishes.  cat'nsh"t.  *•  A  purchase  for 
hoisting  an  anchor.  5.  A  whip  with  nine  lashes,  former- 
ly used  in  army  and  navy.  cat"=o'=nine'*tailst.  [  < 
AS.  cat.]—  cat  'boat",  n.  A  small  one-masted  sailboat.— 
cat'call".  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  deride  with 
catcalls;  sound  or  utter  catcalls.  II.  n.  A 
shrill,  discordant  call  or  whistle,  in  token 
of  impatience  or  derision. — cat'gut",  n. 
A  very  tough  cord,  made  from  the  Intestines 
of  animals,  for  stringing  musical  instru- 
ments, etc. — cat'he(a)d"8.  I.  vt. 
Nam.  To  make  fast,  as  an  anchor, 
to  the  cat-head;  cat.  II.  n. 
Nam.  A  beam  of  wood  or  iron, 
projecting  over  the  bow,  by  which 
the  anchor  is  supported  clear  of 
the  ship.  —  cat 'like,  a. — cat'-~" 
mint",  n.  An  aromatic  herb  of 
which  cats  are  fond.  cat'nlp"t. 
— cat's'=eye",   n.     A   gem-stone  "     '^s"~        ~* 

which  shows  a  line  of  light  across  noHu„( 

the  dome.— cats 'paw",  n.     1.  A  ^aiDoat. 

person  used  as  a  tool  or  dupe.  2.  Naut.  A  light  wind  barely 
ruffling  the  water.  cat's'spaw"i.— cat'sup",  n.  Same  as 
catchup.— cat'stall",  n.  Naut.  The  inner  part  of  a 
cat-head. — cat'tall",  n.  1.  An  aquatic  perennial  herb 
with  long  leaves,  flowers  in  cylindrical  terminal  spikes,  and 
downy  fruit.     2.  A  grass.     3.  A  catkin.     4.  A  cirrus  cloud. 

Cat.,  abbr.  Catechism. — Cat.,  Catal.,  abbr.  Catalan. — cat., 
ratal.,  abbr.    Catalog. 

cat'a-,  1  kat'a-;  2  cat'a-,  prefix.  Down:  against:  under: 
wholly:  used  in  words  of  Greek  origin,  becoming  cat-  before 
a  vowel  and  cath-  before  the  aspirate.  [<  Gr.  lata,  down, 
against,  through,  concerning.]— ca-tab'a-sls,  n.  [-sesz,  pi.) 
A  going  downward;  descent:  opposed  to  anabasis.  [+  Gr. 
baino,  go.]— cat"a-bat'lc,  a.  Gradually  abating. — cat"a- 
bol'ic,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  catabolism.  kaf'a-bol'lci. 
— ca-tab'o-llsm,  n.  Biol.  The  series  of  changes  by  which 
living  matter  or  protoplasm  breaks  down  into  less  complex 
and  more  stable  substances  within  a  cell  or  organism:  de- 
structive metabolism.  [+  Gr.  ballo,  throw.]  ka-tab'o- 
llsmt.— cat"a-chre'sls,  n.  1.  Rhel.  The  faulty  or  mixed 
use  of  metaphors:  a  strained  use  of  a  word.  2.  Philol.  The 
use  of  a  false  form  under  a  misunderstanding  of  its  origin. 
[I,.,  <  Gr.  katachresis,  <  lata,  against,  +  chraomai,  use.) — 
cat"a-chres'tlc,  a.  cat"a-cnres'tl-caU. — cat"a-chres'- 
tl-cal-ly,  adv. 

cat'a-clysm,  1  kat'a-klizm;  2  cat'a-clygm,  n.  An  over- 
whelming flood,  convulsion,  or  catastrophe.  [  <  Gr. 
lata,  down,  +  tlyzo,  wash.]  Syn.:  see  catastrophe. — cat"- 
a-clys'mal,  cat"a-clys'mlc,  a.    cat"a-clys-mat'lct. 

caf'a-clys'mlst,  1  kafa-kliz'mist;  2  cat'a-clys'mist,  n.  One 
holding  the  cataclysmal  theory  In  geology.  cat"a-ciys  'ma- 
tistt. 

cat'a-comb,  1  kat'a-kom;  2  cat'a-com,  n.  An  under- 
ground gallery  used  as  a  burial-place.  [  <  Gr.LL+p  kata, 
down,  +  kymbe,  hollow.] 

cat"a-cous'tlcs,  n.  Physics.  The  branch  of  acoustics  that 
treats  of  the  reflection  of  sound.  [<  cata-  +  acoustics.] — 
cat"a-dl-op'trlc,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  Involving  both  the 
reflection  and  refraction  of  light.  [+  dioptric]  cat"a-dl- 
op'trl-calt.— cat"a-di-op'trics,  n.  Physics.  That  part  of 
optics  which  treats  of  the  reflection  and  refraction  of  light. 

cat'a-falque,  1  kat'a-falk;  2  cat'a-falk,  n.  A  draped  and  cano- 
pied stage  on  which  a  dead  body  lies  in  state;  also,  a  stately 
funeral  car.    [P.,  <  It.  calafalco,  scaffold.]    cat'a-falct. 

Ca-tal'anf.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  Cathay,  the  medieval 
name  of  China.  II.  n.  A  man  from  Cathay;  Chinese  bar- 
barian; hence,  scoundrel;  blackguard.    Ca-thal'anf. 

Cat"a-lec'tlc.  1  kat'a-lek'tik;  2  cat'a-lec'tlc,  a.  Pros.  Lack- 
ing one  or  two  syllables  to 
complete  a  verse.    [<  Gr. 
kataliklikos,     <    kata    in- 
tens.  +  lego,  cease] 

cat'a-Iep-sy,  1  kat'a-lep- 
si ;  2  cat'a-lep'sy,  n.  A 
sudden  suspension  of 
consciousness, with  mus- 
cular rigidity.  [<  Gr. 
lata,  down,  +  lavihanO, 
seize. |  cafa-lep'slsj. — 
eat"-a-lep'tlc,  a.  &  n. 

eat  'a-lo,  l  kat'a-16:  2  cat'a-  <  »talO. 

-lo,  n.  [U.  S.]  A  hybrid  between  the  native  buffalo  and 
the  domestic  cow.  [<  CAT  (-TLB)  +  (DUFK)-alo.]  cat'a- 
lowl;  cal't.i-loMl  .  IMl'ti  -l>> 


hEPRESENTATIVB  TYPES  "l    CATS 
ul'-?ataL±2i3?*£t'e-    5*  Short-haired  blue.     I.  Smol  5.  Silver  tabby.    6.  Ticked  short-haired.    7. 

M«nx.     «.  star],..,  nWnnhlllfl      10.  Short-haired  brown  tabbj       11.   B horfc haired  mrioiw 


1: a  =  final;    I  =  hablt^   aisle;    atl  =  owt;    ell;    lu  =  fered;    cTiin;    go;    I)  =  sing ;    thin,   this. 
139      2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  lull,  rule,  cure,   but,   bum;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this. 


catalog 
catenate 


cat'a-log,       )1  kat'a-leg;  2   cat'a-log.     I.  vt.     [-logd, 

cat'a-logue,  J-logoed;  -log-ing,  -logu-ing.]  To  make 
a  catalog  of;  insert  in  a  catalog.  II.  n.  An  alphabetical 
list  of  names,  persons,  or  things.  [  <  Gr.F  kata,  entirely, 
+  lego,  reckon.]  Syn.:  see  list;  record. — cat'a-log"er, 
cat'a-logu"er,  re. 

Cat"a-lo'nI-a,  1  kat"a-15'ni-a;  2  eat'a-lo'ni-a,  re.  An  ancient 
division  of  N.  E.  Spain;  12,427  sq.  m.;  pop.  2,075,000.  Ca" 
ta-lu'na;. — Cat"a-lo'ni-an,  a.  &  n.    Cat'a-lanJ. 

ca-tal'pa,  1  ka-tal'pa;  2  ca-tal'pa,  n.  A  tree  of  China,  Japan, 
and  North  America,  having  large,  ovate  leaves,  large  bell* 
shaped  ilowers,  and  long  slender  pods.    [Am.  Ind.l 

ca-tal'y-sis,  1  ka-tal'i-sis;  2  ea-tal'y-sls,  re.  [-sesz,  pi.]  A 
chemical  change  effected  in  a  compound  by  an  agent  that 
itself  remains  stable;  eontact»actlon;  cyclical  action.  [  <  Gr. 
kalalysis,  <  kata,  entirely,  +  lyo,  loose.] — cat"a-lyt'ic.  I. 
a.  Pertaining  to  catalysis.  cafa-lyt'l-calj.  II.  re.  Med. 
A  remedy  that  counteracts  morbid  agencies  in  the  blood. 

cat"a-ma-ran',  1  kat"a-ma-ran';  2  cat"a-ma-ran',  n.  1.  (1) 
A  long,  nar- 
row raft  of 
logs,  often 
With  outrig- 
ger. (2)  A 
life  =  raft  of 
two  pointed 
metal  cylin- 
ders con- Catamaran,  1(2). 
nected  by  a 

platform.     2.  A  pleasure*boat  with  twin  hulls.    [  <  Tamil 
katla»maram,  tied  wood.] 

cat"a-me'ni-a,  1  kat'a-ml'ni-a;  2  cafa-me'ni-a,  re.  pi.    Med. 
The  menses.    [  <  Gr.  kata,  by,  +  men,  month.] 
— cat"a-me'ni-al,  a. 

cat'a-mount,  1  kat'a-maunt;  2  cat'a-mount,  re.  A  wild- 
cat, cougar,  or  lynx. 

cat"a-moun'taiii,  1  kat"a-maun'tin:2  eafa-moun'tin,  n.  1. 
A  catamount.  2.  One  of  various  cats,  as  a  leopard  or  pan- 
ther.    [For  CAT  OP  MOUNTAIN.] 

Ca-ta'ni-a,  1  ka-te'ni-a;  2  ca-ta'ni-a,  re.  A  town  in  E.  Sicily; 
earthquakes.  1693  and  1909;  pop.  211,000. 

cat"a-phou'ic,  a.  Relating  to  or  produced  by  the  reflection 
of  sound.  [<  cata- +  phonic,  j — caf'a-phon'Ics,  n.  Same 
as  catacoustics. — cat  'a-phracl  ,  re.  1.  An  ancient  armor 
made  of  plates  or  scales  of  metal  fixed  upon  leather  or  the 
like.  2.  Zool.  A  protective  covering,  as  the  strong  scaly 
armor  of  certain  fishes.  [+  Gr.  phrasso,  fence  in.] — cat'a- 
plasm,  re.  Med.  A  poultice.    [+  Gr.  plasso,  form.] 

cat'a-pult,  1  kat'a-pult;  2  cat'a-pult,  n.  An  ancient  military 
engine  for  throwing  stones  or  other  heavy  missiles.  [  <  Gr.L 
katapeltes.] 

cat'a-ract,  1  kat'a-rakt;  2  cat'a-ract,  re.  1.  A  great  water- 
fall. 2.  Opacity  of  the  crystalline  lens  of  the  eye.  3.  A 
heavy  downpour  or  flood  of  water.  4f.  A  waterspout. 
5f.pl.  Flood=gates;  as,  the  cataracts  of  heaven.  [<  Gr. 
kata,  down,  +  arasso,  dash.] 

ca-tarrh',  1  ka-tar';  2  ca-tar',  re.  Exaggerated  secretion 
from  a  mucous  membrane,  especially  of  the  throat  and 
head.     [  <  Gr.L  kata,  down,  +  rheo,  flow.] — ca-tarrh'al,  a. 

ca-tas'tro-phe, )  1  ka-tas'tro-fi;  2  ca-tas'tro-fe,  re.     1. 

■ca-tas'tro-fep,  )  Any  final  event;  denouement;  a  fatal 
conclusion;  great  and  sudden  misfortune.  2.  Geol.  A 
sudden,  violent  change;  cataclysm.  [  <  Gr.  katastrophe , 
<  kata,  down,  -\-  strepho,  turn.] 

Syn.:  calamity,  cataclysm,  denouement,  disaster,  mis- 
chance, misfortune,  mishap,  sequel.  A  cataclysm  or  catas- 
trophe is  some  great  convulsion  or  momentous  event  that 
may  or  may  not  be  a  cause  of  misery  to  man.  In  calamity, 
or  disaster, the  thought  of  human  suffering  is  always  present. 
It  has  been  held  by  many  geologists  that  numerous  catas- 
trophes or  cataclysms  antedated  the  existence  of  man.  In  lit- 
erature, the  final  event  of  a  drama  is  the  catastrophe,  or  de- 
nouement. Misfortune  ordinarily  suggests  less  of  sudden- 
ness and  violence  than  calamity  or  disaster,  and  is  especially 
applied  to  that  which  is  lingering  or  enduring  In  lis  effects. 
Pestilence  is  a  calamity;  a  defeat  in  battle,  a  shipwreck,  or  a 
failure  in  business  is  a  disaster;  sickness  or  loss  of  property  Is 
a  misfortune;  failure  to  meet  a  friend  is  a  mischance;  the 
breaking  of  a  teacup  is  a  mishap.  Compare  accident;  mis- 
fortune.—Ant.:  benefit,  blessing, 
boon,  comfort,  favor,  help,  plea- 
sure, privilege,  prosperity,  success. 

Ca-taw'ba,  1  ke-te'be;  Sea  ta'ba, 
n.  1.  A  river  in  North  Carolina. 
2.  An  American  grape,  and  wine. 

cat'bird",  1  kat'bOrd";  2  cat'- 
blrd",  n.  A  small  slate»colored 
Nor  t  h«  A  merican  thrush: 
named  from  its  cat»like  cry. 

catch,    )    1   kacTi;    2    each,    v. 

each1',  S  [caught;  CATCH'raa.]  1. 1.  1.  To  take,  seize, 
or   come    upon,    as   something    departing    or    Ueuing;  i 


take  captive;  capture.  2.  To  entrap;  ensnare; 
surprize.  3.  To  seize  and  hold;  grasp;  engage; 
captivate.  4.  To  apprehend  or  perceive  clearly,  as 
something  faint  or  evanescent.  5.  To  contract,  as  a 
disease;  incur,  as  an  injury,  etc.  II.  i.  1.  To  seize  or  at- 
tempt to  seize  something:  often  with  at.  2.  Baseball. 
To  act  as  catcher.  3.  To  become  entangled  or  fastened. 
4.  To  be  communicated  or  communicable,  as  a  disease. 
[<  L.OF  capto,  freq.  of  capio,  take.] 

Syn.:  apprehend,  capture,  clasp,  clutch,  comprehend,  dis- 
cover, ensnare,  entrap,  grasp,  grip,  gripe,  lay  hold  of  (on, 
upon),  overtake,  secure,  seize,  snatch,  take,  take  hold  of.  To. 
catch  is  to  come  up  with  or  take  possession  of  something  de- 
parting, fugitive,  or  illusive.  We  catch  a  runaway  horse,  a 
flying  ball,  a  mouse  in  a  trap.  To  "catch  at"  is  to  attempt 
to  catch,  often  unsuccessfully.  We  clutch  with  a  swift,  tena- 
cious movement  of  the  fingers;  we  grasp  with  a  firm  but  mod- 
erate closure  of  the  whole  hand;  we  grip  or  gripe  with  the 
strongest  muscular  closure  of  the  whole  hand  possible  to 
exert.  We  clasp  In  the  arms.  We  snatch  with  a  quick,  sud- 
den, and  usually  a  surprizing  motion.  In  the  figurative 
sense,  catch  is  used  of  any  act  that  brings  a  person  or  thing 
into  our  power  or  possession;  as,  to  catch  a  criminal  in  the 
act;  to  catch  an  idea,  in  the  sense  of  apprehend  or  comprehend. 
Compare  arrest;  grasp.— Ant.:  fail  of,  fall  short  of.  give  up, 
let  go,  lose,  miss,  release,  restore,  throw  aside,  throw  away. 

— catch'sall",  n.  [Colloq.]  A  bag  or  the  like  for  odds  and 
ends. — catch  'er,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which  catches.  2. 
Baseball.  The  player  stationed  behind  the  plate  to  catch 
balls  that  pass  the  batsman. — catch'liig,  pa.  Infectious; 
captivating. — catch 'pen"ny.  I.  a.  Cheap,  poor,  and  showy. 
II.  n.    [-niesz,  pi.]    An  inferior  article,  made  merely  to  sell. 

catch,  re.  1.  The  act  of  catching.  2.  That  which  catches 
or  fastens;  a  fastening.  3.  That  which  is  or  may  be 
caught  or  gained.  4.  An  artful  trick.  !>.  An  impedi- 
ment; a  break,  as  in  the  voice  or  breathing.  6.  Mus.  A 
round;  a  scrap  of  song.     Syn.:  see  lock. 

catch'ment,  1  kaeh'ment  or -mant;  2  cach'ment,  n.  Drainage. 
— catch 'mentsba"sin,  re.    The  area  drained  by  a  river. 

catch'pole",  1  kacli'pol";  2  cach'poF,  n.  1.  A  medieval 
weapon  for  catching  a  person  out  of  arm's  reach.  2.  See 
catchpoll. 

catch'poll",  re.  1.  One  who  arrests  for  debt;  a  bailiff.  2.  A 
tax-gatherer.  [<  LL.  cacepollus,  chassipullus,  <  cacio, 
catch  (<  L.  capio,  take),  +  pullus,  fowl.]    catch'pole"!. 

catch'up,  1  kacli'up;  2  each'up,  re.  A  spiced  condiment 
for  meats.    [<  E.  Ind.  kitjap.]    cat 'sup;  ;  ketch 'upj. 

catch'word",  1  kacli'wurd";  2  cach'wurd",  re.  1.  A  word 
or  phrase  to  catch  the  popular  fancy  or  attention.  2. 
Theat.  A  cue. 

catch'y,  1  kach'i;  2  cach'y,  a.  1.  Attractive;  taking.  2. 
Entangling;  deceptive.    3.  Broken;  fitful. 

cate||,  1  ket;  2  cat,  re.  Provisions  in  general;  especially,  deli- 
cate or  luxurious  food;  usually,  in  plural,  cates.   [<  OF.  acat.] 

cat'e-chism,  1  kat'i-kizm;  2  cat  e-cis.ni,  re.  A  short  relig- 
ious treatise  in  the  form  of  question  and  answer.  [  < 
Gr.  kata,  down,  -f-  echo,  sound] — cat"o-chet'ic,  -I-cal,  a. 
Of  or  pertaining  to  oral  instruction;  consisting  of  question 
and  answer. — cat"c-chet'ics,  re.  pi.  1.  The  art  or  theory 
of  catechetical  instruction,  especially  as  a  branch  of  Chris- 
tian theology.    2.  Catechetical  writings. 

cat'e-chize, )  1    kat'i-kaiz;    2    ciit'e-ciz,    vt.      [-ciiized, 

cat'e-chise,  ) -chised;  -chiz"ing,  -chi«"ing.]  To  inter- 
rogate solemnly;  instruct  as  by  catechism,  cat'a- 
chlzet. — cat'e-chlst,  re.  One  who  catechizes,  cat'e- 
chlz"er  or  -chls"er:f.— cat"c-chls'tic,  a.  cat"e-elils'tl- 
calt. 

cat'e-chu,  1  kat'i-cliu;  2  cat'e-chu,  n.  An  astringent  extract 
from  various  East'Indlan  and  African  plants.  [<  Malay 
kachu.]    ca-shoo'J. 

cat"e-eliu'men,  1  kat'i-kifi'men;  2  cafe-rfl'men,  re.  One  un- 
der instruction  in  the  elements  of  Christianity;  a  convert; 
beginner.  [<  Gr.  katBchoumenos,  <  kata,  down,  +  echo, 
sound.] — cat"e-cliu'mc-nal,  cat"e-elui-men  'l-cal,  a. 

cat'e-go-ry,  1  kat'i-go-n;  2  cat'e-go-ry,  n.  [-iuksz,  pi] 
1>  Any  comprehensive  class  or  description  of  things;  a 
clsst),  condition,  or  predicament.  2.  Logic  &  Metaph,, 
One  of  the  several  forms  of  conception  <>r  knowledge 
that  together  embrace  everything  predicable  or  existent. 
[<  Or.- katiymia,  accusation,  assertion.]  Syn.:  see  i.tsr.- 
catcgorlcs  of  Aristotle,  the  ten  categories  substance;, 
quantity,  quality,  relation,  place,  time,  posture,  possession, 
action,  paasion.  cafe-gor'I-eal,  ".  wit  hunt,  Qualifica- 
tion', unequivocal,    -ly,  ado,    -ncss,  re. 

cat'e-na-ry,  1  kat'i-nc-n; 2  cat'e-na-ry,  re.  [-RIES*,  pi.]  Moth. 
The  curve  formed  by  a   pirr.il  I  %    llrxible,  inestenslble,  Inll- 

nltely  slender  eord  suspended  by  its  ends.    |-    U  catenartus, 
■    ml ciin.  chain  |    ral"c-iia'rl-»n  t.     cat  V-na-ry,  a.    Re- 
lating to  or  like  a  oaAensry  or  a  chain. 
cat'e-nate,  ]  kafii  n6t;2  eat'e  oat,  ot    I  wat*»d«;    nat'ing.] 

To  coin  net  I  i  k  <  ■  the  links  of  a  chain;  form  Into  a  Chain  or  sr 
rtos.—  ent'tn-UMAPtnL.  pu.  cal'c-iialct.     cat"v-iia'tloii,  n. 


<  au»e 


i        .  i  .  .  I  i         ..  „o,   not.  fir;  fu 

I  .1  .1111 


A     fii .  m6u. 


Ilu 


rr.  ■»       r»   (i 

rat  rr-»n. 


u*    In-.lilp.  •. 
nil    .  r  - 1  >  1 1    lir. 


fl'lrr- 

k     I    .  r-ln'  .  k<  I    irlli! 
■  •iU     pro- 

■  nil        r»  - 
affection 

I 

laTV  I  '.' . 

within  which  the 

■  orris  of  ibc  tr.. 

rii   •  f-»  aul.  i 

I  a  Hi  . 

i»ih"»-rl  ii*.  •.  mum      Calli'a-rliic;. 

i  ji-i  liar   Hi.  I 

■  a-ihar  tl-< al: .    II.         \  purgative 
pure  ) 

<  »-tha>    .  '.a-tha'.n     [Foet.|   china 

rat    brad".  .  it 

rath  'r-dra.  1  taQ)  i-itr,.  sr  ks-fhtMrs  :_'  <  At tr- 
dn»  •.     i  i  or  throne  in  the  cathedral  or  chief 

fhurrh  of  I    -  .  ■    «.r   talht- 

nai    -  n  rathrdra  from  the  chair ;  hence. 

"     .>!ly:  authoritative!)  :  said  of  pupal  pronouncements. 

ra-t  he  dral,  1   ke-ChTdrel;  2  ea-th6'dral.  n.     The  chief 

bishop's  church,  containing  lu* 

■  adjectivally.     1  < 

-•at. | 

i-rln:  2  cath'e-rln.  n.     I.C.I. 
1727  wife  o(  Peter  the  Great,    t.  C.  II. 

t 

I  m    iiii  J9).  queen  of  Prance:  Instigated  Mas- 

l.  C.  Howard    15227    1542), 

.">.  (  .  of  Aragon 

t  Henry  VIIL.  of  England;  divorced, 

«.  C.  Parr  of  Hi  DXJ    \  111.  of 

rat  h '.-ter.  1  kath'i-tar:2  falh'e-ter.  n.  Surg.  A  slender  tubu- 
lar Instrument  for  introduction  Intocanalaor  pwmiinai     I  I    . 
.  .'-I.  down.  +  rnimi 
ratb'ode,  1  Hie  negative  pole  of  a 

.nir  battery:  opp  amide.     (<   (ir.  kata, 

~  hixtos,  w  .        eatbode  rays,       -  that,  when  a 
a««'9  tube  Is  excited  by  an  alternating  high  potential 
curr> at  ol  igi  s,  paaa 

in  .'.raUtht  lines  from  the  eat  bode  to  tin-  opposite  wall  of  the 
tutx-  irea.    Tin-  rays  may  be  de- 

flected by  a  i  i  conductor  connected  to  the  earth. 

ra-thiMi'ic,  a.    Oforpertaln- 
ea-tbod'o-graph,  n.    Bee  skim. mm. 

■  alhoili-  photograph:. 

Cath'o-llr,  1  -  I.        1. Pertaining 

.n.-tian  church,     '!.  Pertaining  to  the 
3.  [<■-]  Largenninded;  liberal;  com- 
ral;  universal    II.  n.    A  mem- 
ber i  lurch.  —  ea-thol 'l-ial-ly , 
ssft     fa  thai"!  dim.  .     i    •  doctrine  and  practise  of  the 

f.urch.— cath"i»-llr'l-t)  ,  ri.     l.iompn- 
benalveneas  in  slews,  tastes,  an  '£.  Universal 

■   i-i  hoi  l-clie,  vt.  <V  rf,    .|'|m';. 
ra-  thol  'l-ron,    1  kd-thol'i-r.o.'i     2  •  a-'hol'i-i  on.   n.      A  sup- 
medy;  a  panacea.     [LL..  <  Or.  katholl- 
koi.  universal. 
Cal'l-llto.  .in;  2  cat'l-II;.    LBCtU  BergtiU.     A  Ro- 

man '  icero. 

rali-on,  1  kal'ol-an;  2  cat'I-on.  n.     1.  An  element  which  In 
elect-  ode.    '!.  a  positive  ion.  [< 

rath  i-on ; ;  i  iii  tropo-uiw  element :. 
rat 'kin.  1  kat'kin:  2  eat'kin.  n.    Bat     A  deciduo  . 

n  ament  or  cattail. 

•  tin.  dim.  of  taut,  eat.]  [Instr  . 

rat  ling,  1  kat'ho.  L'  itgut,  or  (In  plural)  stringed 

(a'to.   i    ••  M.irru>  Fortius.       I     "The  Elder" 

■ 

i  Roman  patriot  and  philosopher. 
eat'.o'inlne'ttalU, -i      Same  SSI  \T.  ~>. 

ea-U>p'lrlcs,  1  kd-t«p'tnks:  2  aa-top'triea,  n.  Physics.  That 
■  refli  trtloo  of  light 

A'on.   mirror.   <   tola,  against,  ■+■   V  op,  see.J  — 
ea-top'trlr,  a      ra-top'trl-cal:. 

|  '•",  rats'paw  ".  .-  cat 

(  ati'klll  moun'talno,  I  ^  •  •-'*  \  group  In  E. 

.  ■',  ft  j. 
rat'-tall",  rat 'tall".    Bee  under  <  a. 
rat'ta-lo,  n      game  as  CATALO. 
cattish,  1  kat'iih  2  cat'lsh.  a.    Catlike;  feline. 


rat 'tie,  II  lu  J  bovine  anl- 

•  ii   I   .  M    "'  ■  npitali .  protx  >  t\  | 
ra('t),  l  kat'i;  8  eat') ,  n  \  Cnlneai 

it   I      ■  pound  I  ila\   *.ili  ]    rut  'Mi-;. 

fa-tui'iu*.  i  k .» 1 1 ■ :  Calai  valerlui 

B.  C.)     a  Roman  I)  ric  imm-i 
c»  i)-<iiii.  •.  i Din 

Can-radian.  .     .  |  ih'an  or 

I.  I.   \  member  of  tin-  white  division  ol  the 

human  -i i     '-•  \  membei  ..t  the  tair  peoples  ol  tin- 

S,    I  he    I  mguogo    spoken    i  iy 

people  of  th  (  .mi  a'slan,  i    Cau- 

ra'slc;. 
Caa'ea-sus,  ;  \  mountain  ruga 

between  the  Black  and  •  lasplan 

•  .hi  'ena,  I  ]    \  prii  ate  or  pre- 

liminary meeting  of  members  ol  ■  pohtical  part]    to 
select  candidates  or  oonceii  meaauros     |  •    the  I 
Club,  Boston,       Algonkln  cnniMiti,  Chlckahomlny  eoeko> 
oouncUor  I 

can  ilail.  1  t ...  .-.1  the  tall. 

cau'dal,  1   kn'il.il,  2  la'il.il.  'i      'if.  pertaining  to,  or  near  the 

tail.    [  <  l.  eavda,  tall  1   -I),  '/■/' 
rau'date,  1  ke  It,  a.     Having  a  tall    rau'dat-edt. 

eau'dei,  l  M'deka: 2  es/deka, n     [-ni-cga; •dkx-sb,  pi      i.  \ 

item     'i-  The  main  fibers  from  the  spinal  cord  to  the  brain, 

|i...  later  codex,  stem  of  s  I 

rau'dl-rle.  1  kfi'dl-kl;  2  ra'dl-el,  n.    Bat,    The  clastic  stalk  of 

the  poUen>masaes  of  certain  orchids.    |i>im.  ■     i..  eavdes 

{cnuitle  i.  stem  of  a  tree  |    cau-dli'll-la ; . 
cau'dlte1',  1  ko'dl.  2  i  a'dl.  n      A  warm  drink  of  w  Inc.  BggS,  etc. 

eau'dl(e*i  n. 

can  iclit,  1  kot ;  2  'at.  /'«/■  Of  I  in  n.  > . 

caul,  1  koi;  2  c:ii.  n.    A  membrane    |      <  >  i    r.i/i.rap.] 

rauld,  1  knl. I,  2  cald.  a"  ft II.   [Scot.]   Cold. 

cau  I'd  run.  i  kSl'dran;  2  eal'dron,  n     9ame  as  caudbon. 

eau-les'rent,    1    kft-leVenl  n.    ll"t     Having   a 

dearly  iieiiiieii  stem,    i      L.  cuiiiis,  stalk:  see  I  M  l.l- ] 

rau'll-,  1  ko'li-;  2  ea'll-.  1  rum  Latin  ciuli-:  a  combining  form. 

— cau'll-ele,  n.  Bat.  a  little  stem,  specifically,  the  nidi- 

iry  stem  in  the  embryo  of  a  seed  (Incorrectly  called  the 

rtidlcli).     eau'll-eule:.      eau-llf'er-ous,  a.    Jlut.   Same  as 

im  LB8CXNT.    [--  i..  fen, bear.] 

cau'll-llow"tT,  1  k<Vli-lluu".ir;  2  ca'!i-flow"er,  n.  The 
fleshy  edible  head  formed  by  the  young  flowers  of  a 
variety  of  cabbage;  also,  the  plant.  [  <  I.,  caufi  .  cab- 
bage, +  FLOW  EH  , 

can 'lln  c\  1  kn'lin.  -hn  or  -lln;  2  Cii'lln.  -tin  «r-lin,  n.  Bat.  Of, 
pertaining  to,  or  growing  on  a  stem.  [<  cr.  kaullnos,  < 
tavlos,  stalk.]    cau'11-nar:.  [of  a  plant. 

cau 'lis,  1  ko'li-.  2  'u'lls,  n.    [-LES,  1  -Hz;  2  -1C8,  pl.\    The  stem 

caulk,  caulk  'cr,  etc.    Same  as  calk.  etc. 

raup,  1  kiip;  2  cap,  n.  [Scot]  A  bowl;  cup. 

caus.,  OOOT.     '   aiisatlve. 

cause,  1  koz;  2  eatJ,  Vt.  [CATJBED;  CATJB'trTO.]  To  be  the 
cause  of .  produce;  effect;  Induce;  compel.  Syn.:  see  mikk; 
PROUI      i 

cause,  n,     1.  Tin-  power  or  efficient  agent  producing  any 

tiling  or  event.      '£.  Any  occasion  or  condition  upon  the 
■n -nee  of  which  an  event    takes  place.      :$.  Any  ra- 
tional ground  for  choice  or  action;  reason,      4.  A  great 

enterprise,  movement,  principle,  or  aim.  5.  Lmr.  An 
action  or  suit,  (j  .  Behalf;  interest.  7 ]|.  The  object  or 
end  for  which  anything  is  done  or  made;  purpose;  aim: 
called  in  philosophy /inof  cause,    (<  L.F  causa,  causi  | 

Syn.:  actor,  agent,  antecedent,  author,  causality,  causa- 
tion, condition,  creator,  designer,  former,  fountain,  motive, 

hi.  origin,  originator,  power,  precedent,  reason,  source. 

spring.    The  efficient  cause,  thai  which  makes  anything  to 

in  ..r  In-  done,  is  the  common  meaning  of  the  word,  as  In  Hie 
g  "There  Is  no  effect  without  a  cause."  Every  man  In- 
stinctively recognises  himself  acting  through  will  as  the 
cause  of  hla  own  actions.  The  ('tailor  is  the  Creat  lirst 
of  all  things.  A  condition  la  something  that  necessarily 
precedes  a  result,  but  does  not  produce  It.  An  antecedent 
Stmpl}  precedes  a  result,  with  or  without  any  agency  In  pro- 
duelng  it;  as.  Monday  Is  the  Invariable  antecedent  of  Tues- 
ili..  I. lit  not  tbeeausi  of  It.  The  direct  antonym  of  cause  Is 
effect.  Of  antecedent  Is  consequent.    An  occasion  Is 

some  event  which  brings  a  cause  Into  action  at  a  particular 
moment;  gravitation  and  heat  are  the  causes  of  an  ava- 
lanche; the  steep  Incline  of  the  mountain-side  Is  a  necessary 
condition,  and  the  shout  of  the  traveler  may  be  the  occasion 
..f  it-  fall  causality  Is  the  doctrine  or  principle  of  causes, 
causation  the  action  or  working  of  causes.  Mollre  Is  an  Im- 
pulse of  an  Intelligent  being  which  Incites  to  action,  and.  If 
uiicliei -ked.  is  a  cause  of  action.  Compare  iu-.-i<;s  ;  reason. 
—  Ant.:  consequence,  creation,  development,  effect,  end. 
event,   fruit.   bBue,  outcome,  outgrowth,   product,  risult. — 

Prep.:  The  cause  of  the  disaster:  cause  for  Interference. 

eaus'al,  a      Pertaining  to,  constituting,  involving,  or 
expressing  a  cause,    -ly,  adc.    -ness,  n.—  cau-sal'l-ty,  r». 


1.  Shorthorn  bull. 

2.  Sussex  steer. 

3.  Jersey  cow. 

4.  Hereford  bull. 


REPRESENTATIVE  TYPES  OF  CATTLE. 

6.  West  Highland  cow.  !).   Ayrshire  cow. 

o.  cuernsey  cow.  10.  Red  Polled  cow. 

7.  Aberdeen-Anuus  bull.  11.  Galloway  bull. 

8.  Polled  Durham  cow.  12.  Holsteln  cow. 


13.  Brown  Swiss  row. 

14.  Devon  bull. 

16.    Dutch  Helted  bull. 
10.  Texas  LonKborn.  steer. 


c«u*eHe       ' .11  I  ii       ii      o        n-  bOrei 

«  rnlaur  >         I  <■  i     i         I  ...         It,  I        |  i         ,.,,.,.,,  »6n, 


ir. 


i  .111    I.  r- 


I      i 

.   hi-  -  .   1 1.. i, 

.  hi-  .i-il.    .    . 

-I.  .  -i, 

.  in-.    I.  ...  i 

-1.  . 

.  hi    -.  i 

I 
rau»'tl-ral:.  II    i 

-Ii.  i  -alls-Ill     l-Ci  .  I 

.  in-  ii.  -n.-- : . 

I 
.  hi  i.  ; 
-i  -.  . 

■  1  iron; 

rati    I.  r-i-/  .  --  .     I  i..o.  .  hi    1.  r-l-111  :. 

caul,  r-. .  |    Theappli- 

ut.     [  <  Or.  havti  - 

nation,  I.    i     To  advi 

III.  pi  idenoe; 

or  warning.    3.  [Scot  ]  A 

-  \  ing  suoh.     (  <  I.. 

.  in  'll.ni-.i-r>  .  r  conveying   11 

.  .in '11. .11-.        1  MrcHng or  iriiini- 
1  .111  'tlous-lj ,  cau'- 

11..11--11.--. 

ra»"al-cad<-'.  V company 

1   .  <  L.'i  cabaUw,  horse.)     Syn.:  sec 

■Met  .   :  ir'a-leV     I.  n.    Fr..-  and 

nighty  '•!■  Bupercilii  II.         I . 

ppOBi  .| 

an;  knight;  lovei 
'it.i.  horse]     eav"a-le'rot; 
rat"a-llc'm*.      ra\"a-ll.  r.  rat  "a-lli-r'lsh,  a 

ra\"a-ll.  r  l-in.  .  at  "a-ll«  r  l> .       adr  —  cav"a-lh-r'- 

ii  •  . - . 
'  11    il-r> .   .  ry,  n      1.  'I 

;  fight  on  horseback.    2.  Riders 

v;  chivalry.-  cav'al-ry- 
ii  ii  ii.  jit  ] 

ra'ta-M'n  a,  •.•i-M'rm;  2   ra'va-tX'na,  n. 

-:mple  kind  of  aria:  a  Bong  without  a  second  pa-- 

I  ■   tVZD;  CAV'lKO.]     To 

ill  in;  give  way;  fall  in.    II.  n      \ 
iral cavity bem    i    i  »rina  tnoun- 

•a"1-  •  ow.]    Syn.:  si  ■• 

vi-at:  2  ea've-at    ■■      I.  Lav    A  formal  notlll- 
to  a  court  to  take  a  oertaln  step  tin  the 

■orlptlon  of  an 
■   :     Died  In  the   I 
raveal  emptor    I 
I 

II'.  1  ko-vel'  Bdlth  English 

■     0        12    1915 
-  '■»•>,  Unerlcao 

<at  '.  r ii .    . 

C*T|'  HUM  . 

1    -••"-•  ■  ogcaverns;  in..- 

aravf-rn:  hollow;  boUow>eoundlng.-  eaT'ern-oas-ly, 
rat'l-ar'.  |  i  .  . 

<   Turk.  Vidtydr.]    rat"l-an':. 

I-  ED  or  CAV'lLtXD 

]    To  pick  : 
II. 

cat  'II- 

**  "Il-l-f.  •at'l|.|iiK,  earli-llng,  Cav'U- 

lng-l>.  rat  'D-Ung-ly, 

1 

[ill 

'-Tit:-7-,  p']    A  hollow 
low  ] 
I  - 
1  "vl  rllo  Into 

a  flat  surface  so  a>  „  re||ef  on  a 

-'     ■  •      '"••.  :.  i  01  .  Uit  , 


\  tropical  Ai 


. 
•  (  .mm  (   niilllo  R.  ill    Isiii    i 

I  M,l 

ran,  1  ■   ■                I  row.    II.  n,    Tlio  \ 

live  ] 

Cawn-pui  .  \  .n-irii  i  !.■ 

in  .  :  .    r.riiii.ii  India) 

tVIIHam    1 1 .•.'  1 101       r  in- 

flni!    I 
r»>,  1  ■  the  i  lull  ol  Mi  ilea     t  "in- 

i   ■ 
<'.-»> -en n.    .     .  I.  A  1 

I     n  -.  li      .  tpiul  of 

!.  Red  pepper. 

«   i>    in. in.    |  i      man, 

alligator       |  < 

origin  |     car- 
man   . 
rat  'olc.  1  kol'Ot; 
n. 

"»■  man.    ' 

..ii 

caj ' i  >  ft.  ,i  ,v  n     Same  as  caitiff. 

Ca»j  ii 'gas,  i  k.-;.  D  .  A  tribe  of  the  Iro> 

quota  stock  ..r  \ 
cay-use',  l    ...  ■    ■  .     [Western  U.  8]    An 

ea-alqneM  ka-irflt':2ea-alk',  n.   Same  sat  figt-i:   r.-i-zlc't. 
C.B.,..  i   hlef  Huron. Common  Hem 

□  of  tin-  Haii:      (  I...  i  olumhlum.     <'.  »  .. 

cult  Court.  Civil  Court,  Consular  Clerk, 
immlaaloncr, '  'ounl  y  <  ourt,  <  rii-k- 
.1..  (  row  ii  ■  lerl      c.  c,  i  . 

account  oum  i .   . 

C.  ('.  ('.,  abbT.     Chi 

<  .  ('.  P.,  nhiir.    Code  "f  i  ivll  Procedure,  i  oi  rt 
of  Common  F  <  ,  Cr.  P.,  aftfrr.    Code  of  i  rlmlnnl  Hro 

cciiur...     Cd.,  abtrr.   Cadmium,    c.  d.  v.,  abbr.    Carte»de» 
vtalte.-  ('.  K.,  abbr.    Canada  East,  Civil  engineer,  <  burchof 
Englai        '  i-..     ■■'•r.    (  irluui. 
cease,  [<  i  \-.  d'j  •  i  i-'im;  ]    I.  /     I.  T.> 

leave  off  or  discontinue  (one's  own  action),    '.' <•  To 
make  an  end  of .    II.       i.       come  to  an  end;  a 

'I.  |i»lis.  ..r  Rare.]    To  die;  pass  away.    |<  L.* 

leld.] 
:  abstain,  bring  to  an  end.  come  to  an  end,  conclude, 
over,  Intermit,  Ii 
.   u  rmlnate.    strain?-  of  music  maf 
graduall]   or  suddei  mat  woi  h  on  hio 

;  he  may  a  graduallj ;  hi 

r  iy  and  completel] .  I  In  ivhal  he  n       or 

may  not  resume;  he  pa  imi  i  In  whal  he  u  ill  probably  i 
\\  hat  i nit  rmits  or  Is  tr,n  milted  returns  again,  as  a  fever  that 
Intermiu.   Compare  aban  i      Ant.:  begin, 

commence,  inter  upon.  Inaugurate,  Initiate,  institute,  orin- 
operal  Ion,  set  on  fool .  Mart. 
—  Prep.:  <  •  in  <r. 

ceaseless,  i    i    ml  Dulng  without  pause  or  stop.  K.vnj 
w..     cease 'less-ly,  adv.-  cease'" 
less-nesSi 

i  .   i-e    .  n.      End;  Stopping:  obsolete  except   after  tctthout. 

Ce-bu'.  Island  and  province  1 1.782 

pltal  (pop.  35,000  .  P    I. 

(  cc'il.  |  I.  Robert  (1563?- 

1612),  earl  of  Salisbury,  Sccretai  tier  Kllzabetb, 

and  i  ■-'.  William  (1520   1598     lord 

I'.iiil  State  miller  l.llzal.ei  h. 

Ce'crops, 


Mary  llrat  king 
of  A  ttlca  a  D  '1 
founi 
ce'ilar.  1  gl'dar;  2 
cS'dar.  I.  a.  Per- 
taining to  cedar. 
II.  n.  A  Large 
of  the  pine 
family,    h  a  ving 

and  fragrant  wood. 

(■.■'- 

dar<blrdn.  n.  The 

moil  American 

waxn  Ii  g.  ee'dar. 
»  ax " wl ng  t  .— 
ee'drtn  i   . 

ce'darn.  ]  sfdarn;  2  CCdarn,  n.     I.  rif,  pertaining  to,  or  made 
oar.     2.  Lined  or  bordered  with  cedars,  ce'daredt. 


ol  Lebanon. 


143 


l:a=  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  OMt;    ell;    Iu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sinff;    fhin,    this. 
2:  wolf,  dft;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


causerie 
centaur 


cede,  1  sld;  2  ced,  vt.  [ced'ed1*;  ced'ing.]  To  yield  or 
give  up;  surrender  title  to;  transfer:  said  especially  of 
territory.    [<  L.  cedo,  yield.]    Syn.:  see  abandon;  give. 

ce-dll'la,  1  si-dil'a;  2  ce-dil'a,  re.  Gram.  A  mark  under  the 
letter  c  (c)  to  indicate  the  sound  of  s.    [Sp.] 

ced'Iet,  re.    Same  as  schedule,    sed'ylj. 

ceil,  1  sTl;  2  eel,  vt.  To  furnish  with  a  ceiling;  line  the  roof 
of.  [  <  F.  del,  <  L.  cxlum,  heaven,  sky.] — ceil'ing,  re. 
The  overhead  covering  of  a  room;  internal  sheathing,  as  of  a 
vessel. 

eel.,  abbr.    Celebrated. — Cel.,  Cels.,  abbr.    Celsius. 

cel'a-don,  1  sel'a-den;  2  cel'a-don,  re.  A  pale  or  grayish 
green.    [<  F.  celadon,  <  L.  Celadon  (comrade  of  Phineus).] 

ocl'an-dine,  1  sel'an-dain;  2  cel'an-dln,  n.  A  European  per- 
ennial herb  of  the  poppy  family,  with  small  yellow  flowers. 
[<  OF.  celidoine.] 

Cel'e-bes,  1  sel'i-blz;  2  cel'e-beg,  n.  A  Dutch  island  (71,470 
sq.  m.;  pop.  852,000)  ot  the  Malay  Archipelago. 

cel'e-brate,  1  sel'i-bret;  2  eeTe-brat,  vt.  J-bsat'ed1'; 
-brat"ing.]  1.  To  commemorate  joyfully;  keep;  ob- 
serve. 2.  To  make  famous,  as  by  song  or  poem.  3.  To 
observe  with  solemn  rites.  [  <  L.  celebratus,  <  celeber, 
renowned.] 

Syn.:  commemorate,  keep,  observe,  solemnize.  To  cele- 
brate any  event  or  occasion  is  to  make  some  demonstration 
of  respect  or  rejoicing  because  of  or  in  memory  of  it,  or  to 
perform  such  public  rites  or  ceremonies  as  it  properly  de- 
mands. We  celebrate  the  birth,  commemorate  the  death  of 
one  beloved  or  honored.  We  celebrate  a  national  anniversary 
with  music  and  song,  with  firing  of  guns  and  ringing  of  bells;' 
we  commemorate  by  any  solemn  and  thoughtful  service,  or 
by  a  monument  or  other  enduring  memorial.  We  keep  the 
Sabbath,  solemnize  a  marriage,  observe  an  anniversary;  we 
celebrate  or  observe  the  Lord's  Supper  in  which  believers 
commemorate  the  sufferings  and  death  of  Christ.  See  keep; 
praise. — Ant.:  contemn,  despise,  dishonor,  disregard,  forget, 
Ignore,  neglect,  overlook,  profane,  violate. 

— cel'e-brant,  n.  One  who  celebrates,  as  mass. — eel'e- 
braf'ed,  pa.  1.  Famous.  2.  Performed  with  customary 
rites.  Syn.:  distinguished,  eminent,  exalted,  famed,  famous, 
glorious,  illustrious,  noted,  renowned.  See  illustrious.— 
Ant.:  degraded,  disgraced,  mean,  obscure,  unknown. — cel"- 
e-bra'tion,  re.  The  act,  time,  or  means  of  celebrating;  a 
festal  observance.  —  cel'e-braf'er,  or  -bra"tor,  re. —  ce- 
leb'rl-ty,  re.  [-tiesz,  pi.]  1.  The  being  celebrated.  2.  A 
celebrated  person.     Syn.:  see  fame. 

ce-ler'i-ty,  1  si-ler'i-ti ;  2  ce-ler'i-ty,  n.  Quickness  of  mo- 
tion; speed;  rapidity.     [<  L.F  celeritas,   <  celer,  swift.] 

cel'cr-y,  1  sel'ar-i;  2  cSl'er-y,  n.  A  biennial  herb,  whose 
blanched  stems  are  used  as  a  salad.  [  <  Gr.F  selinon, 
parsley.] 

ce-les'tial,  1  si-les'clial;  2  ce-les'chal.  I.  a.  1.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  the  sky  or  heaven;  heavenly;  divine.  2.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  the  Chinese  dynasty  or  dominion.  II.  n 
1.  A  heavenly  being.  2.  [C-]  A  Chinese.  [  <  L.OF  cxlum, 
heaven.]— Celestial  City,  in  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Progress, 
the  heavenly  Jerusalem. — ce-les'tlal-ly,  adv. 

•e'll-ac,   )  1  sl'h-ak;  2  ce'li-ae,  a.    Of  or  pertaining  to  the  ab- 

toe'li-ac,  $  domen.    [<  L.  casliacvs,  <  Or.  koilos,  hollow.] 

cel'i-ba-cy,  1  sel'i-be-si;  2  ceTi-ba-cy,  n.  The  state  of 
being  unmarried.  [<  L.  cselebs,  unmarried.] — cel'1-bate,  n. 
An  unmarried  person. 

cell,  >  1  sel ;  2  c61,  n.    1.  A  small  chamber,  space,  or  cavity. 

eel,1'  \2.  A  minute  vesicle  of  a  living  organism.  3.  Elec. 
A  single  element  of  a  voltaic  battery.  [  <  L.OF  cella, 
small  room.] 

cellar,  1  sel'sr;  2  ceTar,  n.  An  underground  room,  as 
under  a  building.  [<  L.F  cellarium,  pantry,  <  cella, 
cell.]— eel 'lar-age,  n.  A  cellar  or  cellars;  storage  in  a  cellar 
or  the  charge  for  It.— cel'lar-er,  re.  The  keeper  of  a  cellar; 
a  butler. 

Ccl-II'nl,  1  Chel-ll'ni;  2  ehel-li'm,  Benvenuto  (1500-1571). 
An  Italian  sculptor  and  goldsmith.  [list,  re. 

eel  to,  1  cnel'o;  2  chel'o,  n.    A  violoncello,    'cello*. — cel'- 

cel'lu-lar,  1  sel'yu-lsr;  2  cSl'yu-lar,  a.    of,  pertaining  to, 

or  like  a  cell  or  cells;  consisting  of  or  containing  cells. 
[<  L.  cr/li/ln.  dim,  of  rilla.  cell.]— cellule)  re.  A  small  cell, 
as  on  an  Insect.  —  cel'lu-loid,  n.  A  hard  elastic  compound, 
prepared  from  guncotton  and  camphor,  etc..  under  hydraulic 
pressure. — eel 'lu-lose,  n.  An  amorphous  white  com- 
pound, the  basis  of  the  structure  of  plants,  used  as  ID  absor- 
bent.—ccl"lu-lo 'sic,  a. 

Celt,  1  selt;  2  celt,  n.  A  member  of  the  branch  of  the 
Aryan  family  that  includes  the  Irish,  Manx,  Welsh, 
Cornish,  and  low  Bretons.  [<  Gr.1'+F  Keltni,  (  VI  u  | 
Kelt?.— Celt'lc.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  Celts.  II.  n. 
The  language  of  the  Celts.  Kelt'lci.—  CeltMn'MIc,  a. 
Aryan;  IndosEuropcan. 

Celt,  n.  A  prehistoric  implement  or  weapon  of  stone  or 
Dronze.    See  lllus.  In  next  col.    [  <  L.  celtdt.  atone-chlsel.] 

Celt.,  abbr.    Celtic. 


a  combining  form. 
t.    To  cover  with 


Celt'o-,  1  selt'o-;  2  celt'o-.     From  Celt; 

ce-ment'1,  1  si-ment';  2  ce-ment',  i>.    I. 
or  unite  by  cement.    II.  i.  To  cohere. 
Syn.:  see  unite. 

ce-ment',  re.  1.  A  substance  for  join- 
ing objects  by  adhesion;  hence,  any 
bond  of  union.  2.  A  mortar=like 
substance  for  producing  a  hard, 
smooth,  or  water=proof  surface.  [  < 
L.OF  csementum,   <  csedo,  cut.] 

cem"en-ta'tion,  1  sem"en-te's'han;  2 
c6m"6n-ta'shon,  n.  1.  The  act  of 
cementing.  2.  A  process  of  making 
steel  by  heating  wrought  iron  in 
charcoal. 

ceni 'e-ter-y,  1  sem'i-ter-i;  2  cSm'e- 
t6r-y,  n.  [-iesz,  pi.]  A  place  for 
the  burial  of  the  dead.  [  <  Gr.L 
koimeterion,  <  keimai,  lie  down.] 

cen.,    abbr.      Central,  century.  —  Cen. 

Am,  abbr.     Central  America^  chipped  Celt  (side 

Cen'ci,  1  clien'clu;  2  chen  chi,  Beatrice    q.„i  rrrmt  „i„w, 
(1577-1599).  A  Roman  lady,  beheaded  '' 

as  an  accessory  to  her  father's  murder;  heroine  of  Shelley's 
The  Cenci.  [railway  tunnel,  8  m.  long. 

Ce-nls',  1  sa-nl;  2  ce-n'i',  Mont.    An  Alpine  Peak,  6,775  ft.; 

cen'o-Dite,  1  sen'o-bait;  2  cSn'o-bit,  n.  A  monk.  [< 
Gr.LL  i-o inos,  common,  +  bios,  life.]  coe'no-bltet. — cen"o- 
bit'ic,  cen"o-bit'l-cal,  a. 

cen'o-taph, )  1   sen'o-taf;   2   cSn'o-taf,   n.     An   empty 

cen'o-tafp,  )  tomb.  [<  Gr.L  kenos,  empty,  +  taphos, 
tomb.] — cen"o-taph'Ic,  a. 

Ce"no-zo'ic,   )  1  sI"no-z6'ik:  2  ee"no-zo'ic.    I.  a.    Of  or  per- 

Cae"no-zo'ic,  i  taining  to  the  fourth  and  latest  of  the  eras  of 
geologic  time,  extending  to  and  including  the  present.  II,  re. 
The  Cenozoic  period. 

cense,  1  sens;  2  cSns,  v.  [censed';  cens'ing.]  I.  t.  To 
perfume  with  incense.  II.  i.  To  burn  incense.  [Short- 
ened from  incense2.] 

cen'ser,  1  sen'sar;  2  cen'ser,  n.  A  vessel  for  burning  in- 
cense.   [  <  L.OF  incensum,  incense.] 

cen'sor,  1  sen'sar;  2  cen'sor,  n.  1.  An  official  examiner  of 
manuscripts  and  plays,  empowered  to  prohibit  their 
publication  or  performance.  2.  Any  one  who  censures  or 
arraigns;  a  critic.  3.  An  ancient  Roman  magistrate. 
[L.,<  censco,  judge.] — cen'sor,  vt.— cen-so'rl-al,  a.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  a  censor. — ccn-so'ri-ous,  a.  Given  to  cen- 
sure; judging  severely;  faultfinding.  Syn.:  see  captious. 
— cen-so'rl-ous-ly,  adv. — cen-so'ri-ous-ness,  n. — cen'- 
sor-ship,  re.  The  office,  term,  or  powers  of  a  censor  or  critic. 

cen 'sure,  1  sen'sliur;  2  cen'shur.  I.  vt.  [cen'sured; 
cen'sur-ing.]  1.  To  express  disapproval  of;  find  fault 
with;  blame.  2.  Eccl.  To  punish  by  a  public  reprimand. 
3f.  To  pass  judgment  upon.  Syn.:  see  admonish;  arraign; 
blame;  condemn;  reprove. 

cen 'sure,  n.  1.  The  act  of  censuring;  disapproval  or 
blame.  2.  Reprimand  or  discipline  by  ecclesiastical  or 
political  authority.  3.  Critical  revision.  4§.  Censor- 
ship. 5f.  A  formal  judgment  or  judicial  sentence;  opin- 
ion. [  <  L.F  censura,  <  censeo,  judge.] 
Syn.:  see  animadversion;  reproof. 
— cen'sur-a-bl(cp,  a.  Deserving  cen- 
sure; blameworthy. — ccn'- 
sur-a-bly,  adv. 

cen'sus,  1  sen'sus;  2c8n'sus, 
n.  An  official  numbering 
of  the  people  of  a  country: 
in  ancient  Romernadewii  li 
special  reference  to  taxa- 
tion; also,  the  printed  rec- 
ord of  it.  [L.,  <  censeo, 
assess.] — cen'su-al,  a. 

cent,  1  sent;  2  cent,  n. 
The  onchundredth 
part  of  a  dollar.  2. 
Centum  or  oento,  hun- 
dred; an  abbrevial  ion, 
chiefly  in  the  phrase 
per  cent.  See  per.  [  < 
I,.1   centum,  hundred. I 

Cent.,    Centlg.,    uuur. 

( ientigrade.  —  «•  e  n  I., 
nhhr.   ( 'ciii  ral,  oeni  am, 
century. 
cen'tal,  l  sen'tal;  2  c6n'- 

tal,     I.   a.     Of   or   per- 
taining to  a  hundred.     II 


ntaur  and  Eros  (Louvre). 
An  Engllsb  hundredweight. 
cen'tare,  l  Ben'tfir;  2  cfin't&r,  n.    see  metric  system. 
cen'taur,  1  sen'ter;2  cSn'tax,  n.    A  fabled  monster,  half 
man  and  half  horse.     [  <  Or.  ktntauroa.] 


rrntiti.tr>  |         ,       ,  |         i  |  . ,-,      ,ot.flr;  full.  rtU;  but.  burn; 

;  i  •  I  .       .  ii        i  i  ,     «on,     H4 


.  •  1 

ii 

i 

■  I   n     I.'    ii  i    rl     in. 

reu't,— o»  rl  •■. 

I   ■    iil-jl.  I. 

II  \   liilli- 

|M 

r, 

.  •  n    ir.  .  \         .  i  s   i  iu\i.  |       I.     | 

Urmino 
1 1 

.  .  u    t.  r.  1  ,i  | it  within  a  iir- 

1 1  ii  (r.  .  poinl  hi 

■  ■  traction  or  eonver- 

;  ition  or  radia- 

•  In  Continental  legiala- 

middlc  benched  and  nold- 

thi     Itadicalo 

prick  ] 

■  ■'  a  circle,  the 

■M*j.  ifafor- 

nl   friiin  CVI  rv  polnl  Of  the 

'     in  tin-  opposite  boundaries 

on  r.v  ,re  k'lll- 

crai  and  l«-^-  I-  .i  i».|m!  ;  the  ml 

be  .■»  center;  in  the  middle. 

i  group  nr  multitude  of  surround- 
ing o  ■       win.      Ant.:  bound, 
rim. 
r.  ii  let        -tre   nit",  n      \  bit  with  a  ratting  edge 
that  revolves  about  :i  central  point       ccn'ter-board",  n. 

1 
•eb  .  .hi    DC 

lowered  Ihf 

Mb  .it  fur 

tushed    with     thi-  <  in'trr 

Inf.  •.        1  .nun   c.f 

■       ■      .  •     Wllhlh  tin    ' 

amtrraaco;- 

'  an    arch    ur 

■r     part     of     a     building       ceii'- 

trin«:. 

r«n-li>l-nial,     1  -1;      2 

1.         •hundredth. 

ii     by         Centerboard. 
hundreds      [  <  I 
tth  ] 
cen'tl-.  1  sen'b-;  2  vf-n'tl-.    From  Ijitln  centum,  hundred:  a 

'  imng  form. 

i  .ii  ti-k.-r.iilr.  .  ■    .    :     ( Iraduated 

f  a  hundred.     [On  the  centigrade  thermom- 

.    -'.  and  it*  boiling* 

•  im,  hundred;  and  see  chads,  /.  ] 

ceii   tl-cram      r    -gramme,    ecu  'tl-ll"t<r    at   -H"tre. 

KRTXU    -i-n.M.  under  rave. 

rrn'tlme',  |  •  ..ii'tim',  n.    in  Prance,  Belgium, 

a  hundredth  ol     I  trly  one»flf th  of  a  cent.    [F.j 

r«-trti-iiie"ier.    i    •en'ti-mrtar;  2  cen'U-mB*ter,  n      One* 

<-.  M  ( i-iii, '  tr, .       indredth  of  a  meter.   SeexEiBii  btbtem, 

I  m  Tin. 

"iiii-H.  n'ti-ped,  -pld;  2  cen'ti-ped,  -pad,  n.    A 

rt-nt   iit-r.  .  ,  ,.,ltl,„.,|       i/, 

ner.    n.     1.  The   him<:- 

R  assimilated    to   the   metric 

:-:nn.     [O.] 

■i.     A  Irtersrj   ur  muttcal  medley; 

I.  .  patchwork.]  Iter. 

cfn'tr*.!.  'trad.  otff.  '/.<"ti.  Toward  the  een- 

cen'tral,  1  - 

-Ij,         '  -llCss,    n 

ren-tral'l-t) .  •. 
i  en'tral-l/t-        -l->.  tral-Is,  rt.  &  «t. 

I-izkd;  -ir*ls<;  ]      I  Qtral;  bring 

een'trat-Ism,   n.      Political   cen- 
tralization.     ren"tral-l-za'tlon    or    -as'ttoo,    n.      The 
.  in  a  central  authoi 
•  il   Pr.n   lnr-.->  and   Be-rar'.  1    be-TOr';  2  be-riir'.     A 
pro-.  '  -al    British    India;    100,345  so.,   in  .    \»>v 

capital.  Nagpur. 
cen'tre,  ■      Heme  a.i  |  EOTEE. 

cen'trl-  -to-:    2    cen'trl-.    ceri'tro- 

ren'tro-  ■  combining  form 

een'tile,  1  aen'tnk;2eSn'trie,a.    L.  Central.  2.  I'hyninl 
Related  to  •  I » II 'ill  tell       cen"trl-cal'- 

Mj,  n      cen'trl-cal-lv,  odr.     cen-trlc'l-ty,  n. 


ecu  ler-ooaru    ,  n. 


reii-lrll    ii-g.il.  i, II  mi  |ai,    i       I. 

.  ,1  ,.r  lenuituj  awaj  ii" 
\  nit-  .  eninfugal  fortx  i      .  ..'   im,  center, 

:'••         -I). 
.  .  1 1  - 1  r  1 1 .  •  -til.  :  i].Y  t:,l.  ,i     1  i,n  ,  t 

i<<i,  tending,  or  drawing  toward  a  center       |-     I     •■■.- 

i  m>  ii.    •    veto,  ■«■«•>!  i    -I) ,  adt. 

i  ,  ii-Iiiiii   i  Ir.    |  /vir.    n       |  vmx.    or 

-M-in    '                                       I  n.  rl  |    in  anoleni  Rome, 
lOS  in  number)  appointed  irearl]  i 

comi 
n-ntti-pl  t't  1  sen'tiu-pl;  2  een'tO-pl,  n      [non 

liundn  dfold     I  •    L.'ci  ntum,  hundred,    •   plico,  fold  | 
rcii-lii  'rl-al,  1  wii-tlU'ri-nl.  •.'  '.in-tu'rl  al.  0,    <  if  or  pertaining 

in  a  century. 
i  iii-iuri-oii.  l  sin-iiu'i  tQ'ri-on,  n      \  ■  tp- 

tain  in  tin-  ancient  Elonuui  armj 

< -en  'tti-r).  1  Mn'dhu-n;  ~  oHn'ohw-r)  ,  n     [-biee*,  pl.l    I. 

\    p.  in.. 1   ..I    1(H)   yr,     •  '.'.    ,'.  i       \    bodj    Ol 

one  time  i'*1  men);  one*sixtieth  of  a 

legion      i-'i    \  division  ol  the  Etonian  i pie     :t  .    \ 

hundred  thing«  ol  the  Main.'  km. I      |  •     I     cenrurta,   < 

i,  hundred.]     ecu 'tti-r>  .plant",  n      i  he   tmerlean 

aloe,  flowering  al  long  Intervals    aa  formerly 

luppceed,  once  In  ■  nentury, 

ri-|ili;irir,  i   \   -i-lal'ik;  2  ... -fal'ic,  ,i.      Of, 

re-fiil'le1',    J  pertaining  to,  on,  In,  or  mar 
the  head.     [<  <ir  '•  kephatt,  head.] 

<cpli"a-lo'nl-a,  1  s.f"..-]i"i'in-.i;    8 

a,     <  im-    of    the 

a    [aland  •.  <  .r ,   303  -'i 

in  ;  pop.  71 ,000. 
ceph'a-lo-pod,  i  ■ePe-lo-ped  w 
B-fal'o-ped;  2  o6f*a-lo-pod  of 
ee  tU'o-pod.  I.  a  Of  or  pertain- 
ing to  the  Cephalopoda.  II.  n. 
One  of  the  Ci  phalopoda.  eeph*«* 
a-  lop'o-  dan; ;  eepb'a-to- 
pimIi-:. 

Ceph"a-lop'o-da,     1   nefMer/O- ! 

da;     2    eWa-lflp'o-da,      n      ;./. 

i  'oneh.    a  elaaa  of  molluaka  with 

a  distinrt    Bubcentral    head,    a 

beaked  mouth,  and  tentacles  or 

arms  takini;  the  place  of  a  toot,  Including  cuttlefishes,  etc 

j<    C,T.  tephali,  head,  +  pous  (pud-),    foot.]— eeph"a-lo- 

pod'lc,  ii.     eeptVa-lop'o-dousi. 

Ce'pheus,  1  Hl'flQ.sor  sl'fi-ns;2  cffQs  or  cP'fl-Ofl,  n.  Or.  M\jl>\. 
A  kln^'  of  /Ethiopia,  fattier  of  Andromeda;  one  of  the  Argo- 
naut*. II,.  cira,  wax.) 

ce-ra'ceous,  1  si-rt-'Shtis;  2  ce-r&'shus,  a.    Of  the  wax.    [< 

eeram.,  abbr.    Ceramics. 

ce-ram'le,  1  ei-ram 'ik;  2  ce-ram'ic,  a.  Pertaining  to  pot- 
tery. [<  Gr.  keramos,  pollers'  clay  ]  ke-rain'lc;. — 
re-ram  'Ics,  n.  The  art  of  molding,  modeling,  and  baking  In 
Clay,     ke-ram'les:.— cer'a-mlst,  rj.     ker'a-ml-t ;. 

ee-ras'tes,  1  si-riLs'tlz;  2  ce-ras'tea,  n.     (I.)     A  horned  viper. 

eerat. ,  abbr.    [I..]    Ceratum  (ointment). 

ce'rate,  1  si'ni;2  ..."'rat,  r».  Pharm.  An  ointment  of  oil  or 
lard,  with  wax,  etc.     [  <  L.  c<ra,  wax  ] 

ce'rat-ed,  1  Bl'rtt-ed;  2  eCrSt-ed,  n.    covered  with  wax. 

^  er'bi-rus,  1  sOr'bi-rus;  2  eer'l.e-rus.  n.  Clou.  Myth.  The' 
dog  guarding  the  portals  of  the  Infernal  regions.— Cer-be'- 
re-an,  a. 

cere,  1  sir;  2  cer.  rf.  [CEBBD;  ruti'iNr,.]  To  cover  or  seal  with 
or  as  with  wax. 

cere,  n.  1.  Ornilh.  A  wax-like  membrane  or  fleshy  growth 
about  the  base  of  the  bill,  Z.  Wax.  [<  F.  cite.  <  L.  cera, 
wax.] 

ce're-al,  1  si'n-.l;  2  pe/re-al.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  edible 
t-raiii  II.  n.  A  grain,  or  a  grain*yielding  plant.  (< 
U  Cerealis,  ■    Cera,  goddess  of  corn.] 

ce're-a-lln,  1  ri'ri-s-lin;  2  ..e'r.-a-lln,  n.  Chem.  A  nitrog- 
eiiou-  compound,  resembling  diastase,  contained  in  bran. 
<  c're-a-llnet. 

cer'V-beritim,  1  ser"i-bel'om; 2  c8r*e-beTfim,  n.    [-bel'- 
la,  yl  \   Anal.   'J'Ik-  Little  or  hinder  brain      (I,  ,  dim.  of 
■urn.  brain.]— cer"e-bel'lar,  a.     Of  or   pertaining  to 
the  cerebellum.     cer"e-bel'llet;  cer"c-bel'loijs;. 

eer'e-brum,  1  ser'i-brinn;  2   eiVe-brfmi,  n.     [-bra,  pi] 
The  upper  and  anterior  part  ol  the  brain:  assumed  to  lu- 
ll  of  thought  and  will.     [L.J  —  cer'e-bral,  a.     Of, 
pertaining   to,   or  like  the  brain;   mental,     cer'e-brlci. 
eer'V-bra'tlon,  n.    Braln>actlon,  conscious  or  unconscious. 

eere'elotb",  1  s!r'kl6fh";2  cer' (loth*.  A.  A  cloth  coated  or  sat- 
urated with  wax  or  some  gummy  substance,  used  as  a 
uater-proof  covering,  a  medicinal  application,  or  a  winding* 
sheet.     [  <   L.  cera,  wax,  +  cloth.] 

eere'ment,  1  slr'ment  or  -mant;  2  ceVment,  n.  A  gar- 
ment or  wrapping  for  the  dead.  [  <  F.  cirtnvM,  a  wax- 
ing] 


1:9=  final;    Inhabit;    aisle;    ail  =  out;    oil;    10  =  feud;    cTlin;    go;    rj  =  sires;    Chin,   this,    centenary 
145     2:  wolf,  dft;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  Chagrin 


cer'e-mo-ny,  1  ser'i-mo-ni ;  2  c6r'e-mo-ny,  n.  [-niesz, 
pi.]  1.  A  formal  act,  rite,  or  observance,  or  a  series  of 
them.  2.  Observance  of  etiquette;  formal  civility.  [  < 
L.  cxremonia,  ceremony.)  Syn.:  see  form;  sacrament. — 
ccr"e-mo'ui-al.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  ceremony;  rit- 
ual; formal.  II.  n.  A  system  of  rules  of  ceremony;  ritual; 
etiquette;  ceremony.  Syn.:  see  form. — cer"e-mo'ui-al- 
Ism.tt. — cer"e-mo'ni-al-fst,re. — cer"e-nio'ni-al-ly,  adc. 
— cer"e-mo'ni-ous,  a.  Observant  of  or  conducted  with 
ceremony;  formal,     -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

ce're-ous,  1  si'n-us;2  ce're-us,  a.  Bike  wax.  [  <  L.  cercm,  < 
cera,  wax.)  [harvests.     See  Demeter. 

Ce'res,  1  si'rlz;2  ce'rEg,  re.  Class.  Myth.  Goddess  of  grain  and 

Ce're-us,  1  si'ri-us;  2  ce're-us,  re.  Hot.  1.  A  genus  of  cactuses 
with  large  lateral  tubular  flowers,  often  nocturnal,  whence 
several  have  the  name  of  nighublooming  cereus.  2.  [c-J  Any 
plant  of  this  genus.    [  <  X.  cereus.] 

ce'ri-um,  1  si'ri-um;  2  ce'ri-um,  n.  A  rare  steel=gray  metallic 
element.     See  element. 

cer'nu-ous,  1  sur'niu-us;  2  cer'nu-us,  a.  Drooping  or  nod- 
ding, as  a  flower.     [  <   L.  ccrnuus.  stooping. 1 

ce'ro-graph,  1  sfro-grnf;  2  ce'ro-graf,  re.  An  engraving  or 
writing  on  wax;  also,  a  painting  made  by  the  encaustic 
method. 

ce-rog'ra-phy,  1  si-rog'ra-fi;  2  ce-rog'ra-fy,  n.  1.  The  art  of 
engraving  or  writing  en  wax.  2.  Painting  by  the  encaustic 
method.  3.  The  wax  process  of  printing.  [<  Gr.  kero- 
graphia,  <  keros,  wax;  and  see  -graph y.] — ce"ro-grapu'ic, 
a.— ce-rog'ra-phist,  re. 

ce-roon',  re.    Same  as  seroon. 

Cer'ro  de  Pas'co,  1  ser'o  de  pus'ko;  2  eer'o  de  pas'co.  A 
town  in  Peru;  pop.  10,000. 

Cer'ro  Gor'do,  1  gor'do;  2  gor'do.  A  mountain  pass  N.  E. 
of  Mexico  city,  where  the  United  States  defeated  Mexico  in 
1S47. 

cert.,  certif.,  abbr.    Certificate,  certify. 

cer'taill,  1  sur'tin;  2  cer'tin,  a.  1.  Sure,  as  matter  of  fact, 
expectation,  purpose,  efficacy,  or  effect.  2.  Having  a 
settled  conviction;  assured;  confident;  positive.  3. 
Indefinite;  one;  some;  as,  a  certain  man.  [  <  L.OF  certus, 
<  cerno,  determine.]  Syn.:  see  authentic;  conscious; 
incontestable;  secure;  sure. 

cer'tain-ly,  1  sOr'tin-h;  2  cer'tin-ly,  adv.  With  certainty. 
cer'taiut;  cer'tayaf;  cer'teih-lyt;  cer'teynt- 

cer'tain-ty,  1  sur'tin-ti;  2  cer'tin-ty,  re.  [-ties2,  pi.]  1. 
The  quality  or  fact  of  being  certain.  2.  A  known  truth. 
3.  Precision;  accuracy,     cer'tain-nessj. 

Syn.:  assurance,  certitude,  confidence,  conviction,  demon- 
stration, evidence,  infallibility,  positiveness,  proof,  surety. 
See  demonstration.  Compare  assurance.  —  Ant.:  conjec- 
ture, doubt,  dubiousness,  hesitation,  indecision,  misgiving, 
precariousness,  uncertainty. 

cer'tes||,  1  sur'tiz;  2  ccr'teg,  adv.  Truly,  certainly;  verily. 
[F.,   <  L.  certus;  see  certain,  a.] 

cer-tif i-cate,  1  sar-tif'i-ket;  2  cer-tiPi-cat.  I.  vt. 
[-cat"ed'';-cat"ing.]  To  furnish  with  or  attest  by  a  cer- 
tificate. II.  «.  A  written  declaration  or  testimonial. — 
cer"tl-fi-ca'tion,  re.  The  act  of  certifying.  Syn.:  see 
proof. — cer-tif 'l-ca-to"ry,  a. 

cer'ti-fy,  1  sdr'ti-fai;  2  eer'ti-fy,  v.    [-fied;  -ky"inc]    1. 1. 

1.  To  give  certain  knowledge  of;  attest.  2.  To  make 
statement  to  as  matter  <  if  fact;  assure.  3.  To  give  a  cer- 
tificate of.  4.  [U.  S.]  Com.  See  phrase  below.  II.  i. 
To  make  attestation  either  in  writing  or  orally  as  to  the 
truth  or  excellence  of  something.  [<  F.  certifier,  <  L. 
certus  (see  certain)  ;  and  see  -FY.]  Syn.:  see  acknowledge; 
confess.— to  certify  a  check,  to  mark  or  stamp  a  check, 
as  a  bank  official,  certifying  that  the  check  is  genuine  and 
represents  Sufficient  funds  so  that  the  ban!;  guarantees  its 
payment. — cer'ti-fi"er,  re. 

ccT"ti-o-ra'rI,  1  sur"slu-o-re'rai;  2  cSr'sht-o-rS'rT,  re.  Law.  A 
writ  from  a  superior  to  an  Inferior  court,  directing  a  certified 
record  of  its  proceedings  in  a  designated  case  to  be  sent,  up 
for  review.     [I. I,.,  to  lie  certified. | 

cer'ti-tude,  1  sur'ti-tifid;  2  cer'ti-tiid,  re.  1.  Perfect 
assurance;  confidence.    2.  Assure,]  fact  or  reality;  sure- 

ness  and  precision.      Syn.:  see  certainty. 

ce-ru'k'-an,  1  si-ru'li-an;  2  ce-ru'le-an,  a.     Of  a  deep 

clear  blue;  sky=blue.     (  <   I,,  arrulrux,  dark'blue.] 
ce-ru'men,  1  si-ru'men;  2  ce-ru'men,  re.     Ear«wax.     [<   L. 

cera,  wax.] 
ce'ruse,  1  sl'rus;  2  cCrus,  n.     White  lead;  also,  a  cosmetic 

made  from  It.    [<  V.  ceruse,  <  L.  Cerussa,        cera,  wax.] 
Cer-van'tes   Sa"a-ved'ra,   1    Oier-vun'tes    (/•;.   ser-van'tlz) 

stV'ii-vc'dru;    2    ther-Van'tflS    (/'.'-    eir-van'tes)    sii"a-ve'dra, 

Miguel  de  (1547    1616).    Spanish  author  Uxm  Quixote). 
cer'vl-eal,  1  SUT'vi-kelj2  cer'vi-cal,  a.     Of,  pertaining  to, 

or  near  a  neck.     [  <  L.  cervix,  neck.] 
cer'vlnc,  1  sfir'vin;  2  cer'vln,  a.    1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  deer. 

2.  I)un=colored.    [<  L.  crrvlnus,  <  cermis,  deer.] 

cer'vlx,  1  sur'viks;  2  ccr'vlka,  n.    [-vi-ces,  1  -vi-slz;  2  -vi-ceg. 


pi.]   The  neck,  especially  the  back  of  the  neck,  or  a  neck-like 
part.    [L.] 

ces'pl-tose,  1  ses'pi-t5s;  2  ces'pi-tos,  a.  Growing  in  tufts  or 
clumps,  as  a  plant;  matted;  turfy.  [<  L.  csespes  (csespit-), 
turf.]    caes'pl-toset;  caBs'pi-toust;  ces'pi-tousj. 

cesst,  1  ses;  2  cos.  I.  vt.  1.  To  tax;  assess;  rate.  2.  In  Ireland, 
formerly,  to  billet  (soldiers).  II.  re.  1.  [Prov.]  A  public 
rate;  tax;  assessment.  2.  [Scot.]  The  fixed  annual  land  tax. 
[Short  for  assess.] 

ces-sa'tion,  1  se-se'srian;  2  cg-sa'shon,  ft.     A  ceasing; 
stop;  pause.     [<  L.  cessatio(n-),  <  cesso;  see  cease.] 
Syn.:  see  end;  rest. 

ces'sion,  1  sesli'an;  2  cSsh'on,  re.  1.  The  act  of  ceding; 
surrender.  2.  Law.  An  assignment  of  property  to 
creditors.  [  <  L.F  cessio(n-),  <  cedo,  yield.] — ces'sioil- 
a-ry,  a.     Giving  up;  surrendering. 

cess 'pool",  1  ses'pul";  2  ces'pool",  n.  A  covered  well  or 
pit  for  the  drainage  from  sinks,  etc.  \  <  Gael,  sos,  dirty 
mess,  +  pool.]    cess'pit"t. 

ces'tode,  1  ses'tod;  2  ces'tod,  re.  One  of  a  group  of  parasitic 
worms,  variously  ranked,  embracing  the  tapeworms.  [  < 
Gr.  kestos,  girdle.] — ce-  'told,  a. — ces-tol'de-an,  a.  &  re. 

ces'tus1,  1  ses'tus;  2  ces'tus,  re.  [-ti,  1  -tai;  2  -ti,  pi.]  Class. 
Antiq.  A  belt  or  girdle. 

ces'tus2,  re.     [ces'tus,  pi.]  Rom.  Antiq.  A  device  of  thongs, 
often  loaded,  wound  about  the  hands  and 
arms  in  boxing,  cajs'tust. 

ce-su'ra,  ?1  si-ziti'ra  or  -siu'ra;    2    ce-su'ra 

cse-su 'ra,  S  or  -sQ'ra,  re.      1.  Pros.  A  break' 

or  pause  in  the  middle  of  a  foot,  usually  Roman  Cestus. 
near  the  middle  of  a  verse.    2.  An  interrup- 
tion.    [L.  exsura,  cutting,  <  exsus,  pp.  of  cxdo,  cut.] 

Ce'te,  1  sl'ti;  2  ce'te,  re.  pi.  Mam.  An  order  of  mammals, 
embracing  the  whales  and  porpoises.  [<  Gr.  kite,  pi.  of 
kilos,  whale.]  Ce'taJ.— Ce-ta'ce-a,  re.  pi.  Mam.  The 
Cete. — ce-ta'ce-an,  a.  &  re.— ce-ta'ceous,  a. 

Cct"e-wa'yo,  1  sef'i-wn'yo;  2  cet"i-wii'yo,  n.  A  Zulu  king 
(1859-1880;  d.  1884). 

Cet'ln-je,  1  tset'tn-ye;2  tsft'in-ye.  re.  The  capital  (pop.  5,000) 
of  MoDteneero;  felt  to  Austrians  Jan.  13, 1016.  Cet'tln-jet. 

Ceu'ta,  1  siu'ta  or  [Sp.)  fhe'u-ta;  2  cu'ta  or  (Sp.)  the'u-tii,  n. 
A  Spanish  seaport  (pop.  13,000)  in  Morocco:  opposite  Gi- 
braltar. 

Ce"vennes',  1  se"ven';  2  ce'ven',  n.  Mountain?  in  S.  France; 
also,  a  former  country  in  S.  France. 

Cey-lon',  1  si-Ion';  2  ce-lon',  re.  Island  (25,322  sq.  m.;  pop. 
3,592.000)  south  of  India;  British  crown  colony. 

cf..  abbr.  Calf,  confer  (L.,  compare). — c.  f.  &  1.,  abbr.  Cost, 
freight,  and  insurance. — C.  G.,  abbr.  Captain»general, 
Captain  of  the  Guard,  Coast  Guard,  Commissarygeneral, 
Consul-general. — eg.,  abbr.  Centigram. — C.  G.  H.,  abbr. 
Cape  of  Good  Hope. — C.  G.  S.,  abbr.  Centimeter»gram« 
second,  Commissarygeneral  of  Subsistence. — C.  H.,  abbr. 
Court  House,  Custom  House. — Ch.,  abbr.  Charles,  chief, 
China,  Chinese,  church. 

cha'bouk,  1  snu'buk;  2  chii'lmk,  n.  [E.  Ind.]  A  horsewhip. 
cha'bukt;  chaw'buckj.  [sna»k. 

chack,  1  Chak;  2  chak,  n.  [Scot.]  A  slight  or  simple  meal;  a 

Chad,  1  elifid;  2  chad,  re.  A  lake  in  the  Sudan,  central  Africa 
(10.000  sq.  m.  in  dry,  50,000  in  rainy  season). 

Chaer"o-ne'a,  1  ker"o-ni'a;  2  efr"o-ne'a,  re.  Ruined  town, 
Breotia,  Greece;  scene  of  victories  of  Philip  of  Macedou 
(338  B.  C),  and  Sulla  (86  B.  C). 

chafe,  1  clief;  2  chaf,  v.  [chafed';  ciiaf'ing]  I./.  1.  To 
injure  or  make  sore  by  rubbing;  gall.  2.  To  fret;  irri- 
tate; annoy.  3.  To  try  to  make  warm  by  rubbing.  II.  i. 
1.  To  rub  so  as  to  wear;  become  abraded.  2.  To  be 
irritated;  fret;  fume.  [<  L.OF  caleo,  glow,  +  facio, 
make.]     Syn.:  see  incense;  pique;  rage.  — chaf'cr1,  re. 

chafer-,  1  enef'ar;  2  chafer,  re.  The  cockchafer  or  other 
scarabaeid  beetle.     [AS.  cca/or,  cca/er.]     chaf TerJ. 

chaff',  )  1  ennf ;  2  chaf,  v.    [Colloq.]    To  poke  fun  at ;  banter; 

chafp,  $  ridicule.     [Var.  of  chafe,  v.]     Syn.:  see  mock. 

chaff1,  re.  1.  The  external  envelops  or  husks  of  grain; 
also,  straw  or  hay  cut  fine.  2.  Refuse;  trifles  collectively. 
[<AS.  ceaf.]     Syn.:  Bee  waste,     cliaff'y,  a. 

chaff',  n.  Good-natured  raillery;  banter.  Syn.:  see  ban- 
ter; RIDICULE. 

Chaffee,  1  cliaf'i;  2  chafe,  Adna  lloiiianza  (1842-1914). 
An  American  general. 

Chaffer,  1  clhaf';>r;2  ehaf'er.     I.  vi.     1.  To  dispute  about 

price.    18.  To  talk  idly;  chatter.    II.  «.    A  disputatious 

bargaining.     [  <  AS.  cedp,  bargain,  +  faru,  journey.]— 

chafTer-er,  n. 
chaffinch,  1  criaf'inerr,  2  ch&f'Inch,  n.     A   European 

song«finch,    |  <  chaff1,  ».,  +  finch.] 
chaf'Tng'dtsh'',  1  dhSf'in'disTi'';  2  charing«dTBh»,  n.    A 

vessel  for  holding  live  (Glials,  a  lamp,  or  hot  water,  for 

heat [ng  or  oooking. 

chaf  left,  re.      A  small  stage;  platform. 

eha-grin',  1  slie-grin';  2  cha-grfn',  vt.  To  humiliate; 
mortify.    Syn.:  sec  abash. 


,        ,  I  in  .  0     "«t,Ar;  full,  rflle;  lml.  I. Cm; 

'  .         .  ,  ,       ,  ,  ...  ii  i  I  0    '»t.  <>r.  won.      I IV 


I 


I 
i. 

I    .    i 


chain  P  t. 
rli.ilr. 


Ml  »-n 

irlumpb 
'  illunv 
i  ii  .mi.  I.  i  i,  ma  »iili  a 

m ith  a  chain      II.  n      I. 
■  •.  ing  in  bind, 
■  nthral- 
:t.    \ 

I .  .  \  or'a 

.»  uarp- 

•  D«cbain  of  a  loom. 

I..  -i  ban  mi  t.:  bip  thai 

shrouds.    1  <  I.  '  call  no,  chain.] 
■  h  tin    tin;   .  •  onvlcU 

■ .  pomp,  ■.      \  |iiini|)  that 
or  iiu-k^  on  :ui  endless  chain 
r.ishnl,  n.    (  annon-balls  chained 
r.  stitch,  a,    a  onalna 
■ 
.    let.  n.    a  little  chain. 
1.  r(.    Tn  put  into  or  carry  in  a 
:.-••     II.  ;/     l.  A  movable 
.'.  ■  ■•■.  a-  of  a  pi 

ir  officer;  a  chairman.    S. 
holding  rails  in  place.    4||. 
.  <  dr.  kathedra,  seal  j 
rh.-ilriii.in.  |         -  m.-.n;  2  cbaVman,  n.    [-men,  pM    1. 

'.'.'.    .'it  he 
•chair,     chalr'iiian-shlp,  n. 
i  baise,  I.  A  twcwheeled,  oi 

■    -  ■  ,  '.'.    \  li«ln  four-wheeled  car- 

if  a  common  colloquial  variant, 

a  u  a  plural  form.     [I'\] 

thai..  <  hill..  <  haiiiair,  Chaldean,  Cbaldee. — dial., 

rhald..  'Iron. 

i  I.  J-i  cd'o-ii),  1   k&l-eed'o-ni;  2  eal-oBd'o-ny,  i 

A    waxy,   translucent   quartz.  |<   'Jr.   Chalkedon 

<  ii-i  ill '  ■  ►- 1 1  > :. 

chal-ced'i»-n>i.   l   kataed'o-nfta;  2   eal-cSd'o-n?ks.  n.     A 

which  white  and  gray  layers  alternate. 

otrrx .  ] 

rbal'rld,  1  ka  I,  ".    a  parasitic  hymenopterous 

Ay.    [  •  per      enal'dd  n> "  :■ 

chal'co-,  1  kal'ko-:  2  cal'co-.     From  CJrcek  clmlton,  copper, 
brass:  a  comiiinii.-  ehal 'co-graph,  n.    A  copper- 

plate engraving.—  chal-cog'ra-pher,  n.     An  engraver  OB 
copp- •  rhal  fnfTa  phlntt     enal-eog'ra-phy, 

b.    The  art  I  coppi  t  or  steel;  line- 

hO.  write.) 
Chal-da'lc  I  eal-da/le, a.    Bame as Chaldkah, a. 

(  h.il-ili    .i.  'i.    An  ancient  kingdom  on 

<  h  ll-ilr'an.  a.  <t  n.      Clial-ila'an  | . 
(  inl'dee.    I.  a.    Chaldean.    II.  n.    I.  A  Chaldean.    2. 
ol  the  Semitic  family  of  lan- 
KUiuri-      Chal-da'lc;. 
ihal  ilroii.    |  .'(Iran;  2  chal'dron,   n.      A   weight   or 

M  to  36  bu.,  ' 
'  <  P.  chauii: 
cba'Het',   1  .:   (hale/,   n.     A   Swiss  cottage  or 

hut; 
. 

•if      it. 
-visa  chnUl  1 
chal'lcc,  ' 

efcaltc*, 

n       1. 

in  t:. 

■ 
gon 

ginal  sense.  Chalet. 

ilinl'lced,  a.  [Poet.]  Shaped  like,  or  contained 

chalk.  1  dhek;  2  I  .  ilk  on  or  in; 

- -.  with  chalk      II.  I.  ft,  white,  compart 

limestone,  or  a  pj  i  ior  marking  or  drawing. 


\,  ntfjs  ■  p:   ? 


•'.   \  I.  bil     |  •    I    '"  calx  (cale-), 

t  r,  in  Ii  i  Ii  ilk.  for  clcatiln,-  nr  mark- 

Bloth     rbalkt-neaa,  rhalk 'atone",    n       I.  A 

concretion    in    tin-   j •  •  1 1 . t  -    |,    \   place  •  •<  chalk 
rhalk')  .i     i  n  oontalnl 
rbal  lenre,  l  [-lenoed; 

is..  |      I.   -        1.1 

call  '      '!■  T"  im  in.  .  i  in v  oi 

:i.i  dui      I.  i  ".  ji  in  quea- 

ii. .r,  voter,  oi   vote).    5. 

l'i.  utter  a  challi  •  II.  i      T«' 

dial 'Iciigc-a-lil   i  <  li.il   liim-rr,  >t. 

ili.il  'lengr.  1  I.  A  call  oi  defiance 

to  personal  '  il  objection  or  dxi 

against  a  person  or  thins     !•  ill,  requiring 

one  to  hall  and  give  the  countersign.   I  <  I. .'"  i  ofumntoy 

'    MM    ] 

rhai'iK.  i   Jnal'i;  l*  ohalt  n      \  light,  auVwool  dresMabrlo. 

[-  Ancli>-liiil     ,./..       in  oottonBtuO.l  clial'- 

iii-: :  <iiaii>:. 
CbaJ'iners,  l  Aial'mari  or  (Bool  i  cnS'mero;  8  ohaJ'n 

mere  Thomas  (1780  1847).    A.  Scottish  divine 

and  w ntrr. 

clia-lyh'c-ale,  1  Ice-lib'l-eM ;  2  «■■-]-;  liV-ai  I.  a.  1.  Im- 
ated  with  iron:  said  ol  mineral  waters.  ''■■  Re» 
iling  iron  II.  ii  \  medicine  or  water  containing 
iron  in  solution.    [  <  Or.  chalypi,  steel  ] 

chain  ,  i  kam;  :.'  ram,  n      \  Tatar  or  Mogul  rulei 

»  iiani.,  abbr.    Chamomile.     Chamb.t  abbt     Chamberlain. 

ciia"ina»ic',  l  sna'mfld';  l'  chtt'm&d',  n.  Mil.  A  signal  fnr  a 
parley  with  drum  or  trumpel     [J  .  <  i-.  elamo,  claim.] 

chain  'Imt,  l  linrii'l  ■'■[-.  2  ch&m'ber,  v.  1. 1.  I.  To  make 
cliaii  '  .'.  I  bamber.    II. 

».  1.  To  lit  cniiipai  ii> .  a  ■  .-hut  in  a  cartridge.  2||.  To 
practise  lewi  I 

t'ham'her,  1  rihfim'ber;  2  oh&m'ber,  n.  1.  A  room  in  a 
dwelling>house,  especially  a  bedroom.  '*.  ;'/.  [Eng.1  A 
snip-  of  rooms  or  offices.  8.  A  ball  where  an  assembly 
meets;  also,  tin'  assembly.  4.  An  enclosed  space,  as  at 
the  breech  of  a  gun.  [<  L.' camera,  vaull  I  chain'- 
ber-mald",  n.  1.  A  woman  having  ran-  of  bedchambers. 
2t.  A  lady's»mnld.-  cmosICi  '<  Music  suitable  for  a  prl- 
vate  bouse.-  chani'ber-laln,  n.  I.  a  palace  official,  'i. 
a  steward  or  treasurer.  :i  .  The  chamber  attendant  of  a 
monarch  or  lord. 

chain 'iier-er  .  n.    a  dangler;  Idler. 

<  ham'hcr-lahi,    1    Chem'bsr-Un;     2    <iiani'licr-lln,    Joseph 

(1836   1914).     An  RngUffh  statesman;  Colonial  Secretary 
1908. 
cha-iiie'lc-on,  1  ke-mlTl-sn;  2  ca-me'le-on,  n.    A  lizard 

that    lias   the     power    of 

changing    its   color.      [< 

Gr.L  chnmat.  on  the  ground, 

+  IcOn,  lion.) 
cham'fer,   1   cham'fer;    2 

oh&m'fer.    I.  cf .    To 

channel  in;  bevel.    II.  r». 

A    groove    or    channel;    :i| 

bevel.      [<    OF.    Chan/ruin- 1 

dre,  perhaps   <   LL.  cnnins, 

edge,     +     frango,      break.)  • 

chain  'fret:, 
chain  Train,   1  cTiam'frcn;    2 

Ch&m'frftn,     n.       Armor    for 

the  front    of    a  war-horsc*a 

bead.       [<    OF.    cltnnfrnin.\ 

cham'fron:. 
ebam'ols,  l  snamt;  2  cham'l, 

n.    1.  A  mountain  antelope  of  Europe  and  Asia.    2.  A  soft 

leather.    [P.]  sham'mjt- 
chaiii'o-iiiilc,  n.    Bame  as  c  wiomh.k. 

<  ha"in<)"nU',  1  snn'mo"nI';  2  cha'mfJ'nl,  n.    Valley  of  Arvo 

river,  x.  of  Mt  Blanc,  France.    <'ha"mou;'.il'j. 

champ',  1  dhamp;  2  champ,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  bite  impa- 
tiently, as  a  horse  the  bit.  "J.  To  make  a  biting  or  chew- 
ing movement  with  the  jaws.  [<  Swed.  dial,  kamsa, 
chew  « ith  difficulty.] 

cham-pagTie',  1  sham-pen';  2  cham-pan',  n.  An  effer- 
,  from  the  former  province  of 
Champagne,  Fram-'-. 

chaiii-pal^n',  1  sham-pen';  2  ch&m-pSn'.    I.  a.     Of  or 

pertaining  to  level  ground  or  open  country.     II.  n. 

and  open  ground.     (<  I.I."F  camvania;  Bee  cam- 

paign.)    eham-pagne't;  chain 'palgnet;  cham-palnt. 

<h.iin"pargiic,  1  skonr'pB'nya;  2  cham'pa'nye,  n.  A  former 
province  of  X.  E.  France      I  ham-pagne'J. 

<  ham 'pl-on,  1  riham'pi-an;  2  oh&m'pi-on.    I.  st.    To  aet 

e  champion  of;  conti  ad   for;  advocate.     II.  o. 
Acknowledged  superior  to  all  competitors;  holding  the 


14; 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  habltj_    aisle;    CHI  =  oret;    ell:     Iu  =  fVud:    c*hin;    go;    ij  =  sing;    tnin,    this.  Chagrin 

2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    ttam,    this.     Chaparral 


first  prize,  or  claiming  first  excellence.  III.  re.  1.  Orig- 
inally, one  who  fought  in  behalf  of  another;  one  who 
defends  a  person,  principle,  etc.  2.  The  victor  in  an 
open  contest.  [<  L.LL+Fca7«p?/s,  field.]  —  cham'pi-on- 
sliip,  n.     The  state  or  position  of  a  champion. 

Cham-plain',  1  sham-plcn';  2  cham-plan',  n.  1.  Samuel  de 
(1570-1635),  French  discoverer,  founder  of  Quebec,  2. 
Lake  C,  a  lake  between  New  York  and  Vermont. 

Cliam"poI"lion',  1  s7iuh"pol"yoh';  2  chan'poryon',  Jean 
Francois  (1790-1832).    A  French  Egyptologist. 

Chan.,  Chanc,  abbr.    Chancellor. 

chance,  1  chans;  2  chang.  I.  vt.  &  m.  [chanced'; 
chanc'ing.]  1.  To  occur  accidentally;  happen.  2.  T  > 
come  unexpectedly  or  undesignedly  {on  or  upon).  3. 
[Colloq.]  To  take  the  chance  of ;  risk.  II.  a.  Occurring 
by  chance;  casual.  Syn.:  see  accidental;  incidental. 
III.  n.  1.  The  unknown  or  the  undefined  cause  of 
events  not  subject  to  calculation;  fortune;  luck.  2.  A 
fortuitous  event;  an  accident.  3.  A  favorable  con- 
juncture of  circumstances;  opportunity.  4.  Undeter- 
mined probability  in  general;  contingency;  likelihood. 
[  <  LL.F  cadentia,  <  T,.  cado,  fall.]  Syn.:  see  accident;  event; 
hazard;  probability. 

Chan 'eel,  1  chan'sel;  2  chan'cel,  re.  The  space  about  the 
altar  in  a  church,  for  the  clergy.     [OF.] 

chan 'cel-lor,  1  chan'se-ler;  2  chan'ce-lor,  re.  1.  A  high 
officer  of  state  or  of  a  university.  2.  A  judicial  officer 
sitting  in  a  court  of  chancery  or  equity.  [  <  LL.OF 
cancellarius,  usher  of  a  law  court.] — chancellor  of  a  diocese, 
the  official  adviser  of  a  bishop. — C.  of  the  Exchequer,  the 
minister  of  finance  in  the  British  cabinet.  —  Lord  High  C,  in 
Great  Britain,  the  highest  judicial  officer  of  the  crown. — 
chan'cel-lor-ship,  n.    The  office  of  a  chancellor. 

Chan'cel-lors-ville,  1  flian'se-lsrz-vil;  2  chan'ce-lorg-vil,  re. 
A  village,  Spottsvlvania  county,  Va.,  where  Lee  defeated 
Hooker,  May  2-4.  1863. 

chance'=med"ley,  1  c"hans'«med"li;  2  chanc'»med"ly,  re.  Law. 
Unpremeditated  wounding  or  killing  in  self-defense  in  a 
casual  affray. 

chan'eer-y,  1  clian'sfir-i ;  2  chan'cer-y,  re.  A  court  of 
equity;  formerly,  in  England,  the  court  presided  over  by 
the  Lord  High  Chancellor.     [  <  LL.     cancellarius;  see 

CHANCELLOR.] 

chanc'y,  1  cTmns'i;  2  chanc'y,  a.  1.  rcollnn..]  Subject  to 
chance;  risky.  2.  [Scot.]  Favored  by  chance;  auspicious; 
favorable. 

cban"de-lier',  1  shan"da-lir';  2  ehan"de-loV,  n.  A 
branched  support  for  lights  suspended  from  a  ceiling 
[<  L.i-^f  candela,  candle.] 

Chan '(Her,  1  chan'dlar;  2  chan'dler,  re  A  trader;  dealer, 
especially  in  candles;  as,  a  tallowchandler.  [  <  F.  chan- 
delier, chandler,  candlestick.] — chan'dler-y,  n.  [-iesz,  -pi.} 
A  chandler's  shop  or  goods;  place  for  keeping  candles. 

Chana;"chow"fu',  1  <fhan''cTi6*ftr:  2  chang"cho"fu/,  n.  A 
city  in  S.  E.  China;  pop.  1,000.000. 

change,  1  cTienj;  2  ebang,  u.  [changed;  chang'ing.]  I.  f. 
1.  To  make  different;  convert;  alter.  2.  To  exchange; 
interchange.  3.  To  give,  or  cause  another  to  give,  the 
equivalent  of  in  smaller  parts:  said  of  money  II.  j.  To 
become  different;  vary. 

Syn.:  alter,  commute,  convert,  diversify,  exchange,  meta- 
morphose, modify,  qualify,  shift,  substitute,  transfigure, 
transform,  transmute,  turn,  vary,  veer.  To  change  is  to 
make  a  thing  other  than  it  has  been;  to  exchange  to  put  or 
take  something  else  in  its  place;  to  alter  is  ordinarily  to  change 
partially.  To  exchange  is  often  to  trail  ;fer  ownership;  us,  to 
exchange  city  for  country  property.  Change  Is  often  used  in 
the  sense  of  exchange;  as.  to  change  horses.  To  transmute  is 
to  change  the  qualit  les  while  the  substance  remains  t  be  same; 
as.  to  transmute  the  baser  metals  into  gold.  To  transform 
Is  to  change,  form  or  appearance,  with  or  wit  bout  deeper  and 
more  essential  change.  Trim  inline  is,  as  in  its  Scriptural 
use,  to  change  In  an  exulted  and  glorious  spiritual  way.  To 
metamorphose  Is  to  make  some  remarkable  change,  us  of  a 
caterpillar  Into  a  butterfly,  or  of  the  crystalline  structure  of 
rocks,  hence  called  "metamorphic  rocks."  To  vary  Is  to 
change  from  time  to  time,  often  caprlclou  I3  To  commuti  1 
to  put.  something  easier,  lighter,  milder,  etc..  In  place  of  that 
which  in  commuted;  as,  to  commuti  capital  punishment  to 
Imprisonment  for  life;  to  commuti  dall;  fares  on  a  railway  to 
a  monthly  payment.  To  convert  (L.  eon,  with,  and  1  I 
turn)  is  primarily  to  turn  about,  and  slgnlfle  to  chat  In 
form,  character,  use.  etc.;  iron  is  converted  Into  steel.  Joy  Into 
grief,  n  sinner  Into  a  saint.     To  turn  is  a  popular  word  for 

change  In  any  sense  short  of  the  meat f  exchange,  being 

often  equivalent  to  ni/ir.  convert,  transform,  transmute,  etc. 
We  modify  a  statement  by  som<  limitation,  qualify  It  b 
some  addition.  See  convey. — Ant.:  abide,  bide,  continue, 
endure,  hold,  keep,  persist,  remain,  retain,  stay.  —  Prep.:  To 
change  a  home  toilet  for  a  Street  dress,  to  change  from  a  cat- 
erpillar to  or  intnu.  butterfly:  to  change  clothes  with  a  beui;iir. 


—  change"a-bll'i-ty,  n.  change'a-bl(e-nessi't.  — 
chauge'a-bhei',  a.  1.  Capable  of  being  changed.  2.  Likely 
to  change;  inconstant.  Syn.:  see  fickle;  mobile. — change '- 
a-bly,  adv.— change'ful,  a.  Full  of  or  given  to  change. 
Syn.:see  fickle. —change'ful-ly,  adv.— change'ful-ness 
re.— change'=uouse",  n.  [Scot.]  A  tippling-house;  ale- 
house.— change'less,  a.  Free  from  change;  immutable. 
Syn.:  see  permanent.— chang'cr,  n.  1.  One  who  changes; 
specifically,  a  moneychanger.  John  ii,  15.  2.  Onegivento 
change.     3.   [Scot.]   A  keeper  of  an  ale-house. 

change,  re.  1.  The  act  or  fact  of  changing;  alteration; 
substitution,  or  something  used  in  substitution.  2. 
Small  money.  3.  A  place  for  general  transaction  of 
business.  See  exchange.  [<  lA^.*  cambium,  exchange.] 
Syn.:  alteration,  conversion,  diversity,  innovation,  muta- 
tion, novelty,  regeneration,  renewal,  renewing,  revolution, 
transformation,  transition,  transmutation,  variation,  vari- 
ety, vicissitude.  Mutation  is  a  more  formal  word  for  change, 
often  suggesting  repeated  or  continual  change;  as,  the  muta- 
tions of  fortune.  Revolution  is  specifically  and  most  com- 
monly a  change  of  government.  Variation  is  a  partial  change 
in  form,  qualities,  position,  or  action;  as,  the  variation  of  the 
magnetic  needle  or  of  the  pulse.  Vicissitude  is  sharp,  sud- 
den, or  violent  change;  as,  the  vicissitudes  of  politics.  Transi- 
tion is  change  by  passing  from  one  place  or  state  to  another, 
especially  in  a  natural,  regular,  or  orderly  way;  as,  the  transi- 
tion from  spring  to  summer.  An  innovation  is  a  change  that 
breaks  in  upon  an  established  order  or  custom,  as  in  religion 
or  politics.  See  motion.  Compare  change,  v. — Ant.:  con- 
stancy, continuance,  firmness,  fixedness,  fixity,  identity,  in- 
variability, permanence,  persistence,  steadiness,  unchange- 
ableness,  uniformity. 

change'ling,  1  cnenj'hn;  2  chang'ling,  re.  1.  An  ill- 
favored  child  supposed  to  have  been  substituted  by 
fairies  for  a  beautiful  one  stolen  away.  2.  A  fickle  per- 
son: used  also  adjectivally. 

Chang"sha',  1  clian'shu';  2  chang"sha',  n.  A  city  In  E. 
China;  pop.  250,000. 

chan'nel1,  1  dhan'el;  2  chan'el.     I.  vt.     [chan'neled  or 

CHANNELLED,    CHAN'NELD3;     CHAN'NEL-ING     Or    CHAN'- 

nel-ling.]  To  cut  or  wear  channels  in.  II.  re.  1.  The 
bed  of  a  stream;  deep  part  of  a  river.  2.  A  wide  strait ; 
as,  the  English  Channel.  3.  Any  groove  or  passage.  [  < 
L.OF  canalis,  water-pipe.]     Syn.:  see  stream;  way. 

chan'nel2,  n.  Naut.  A  flat  piece  of  wood  or  iron  attached  to 
the  side  of  a  vessel,  to  spread  the  shrouds  and  keep  them 
clear  of  the  bulwarks.     [Cor.  of  chain- wale.] 

Chan'nel  Is 'lands.  A  British  group  (Jersey,  Guernsey, 
Alderney,  and  Sark;  75  sq.  in.;  pop.  97,000)  in  the  English 
Channel,  off  France. 

Chan'ning,  1  eTian'in;  2  chan'ing,  William  Ellery  (1780- 
1842).    An  American  Unitarian  divine  and  writer. 

chan 'son,  1  stian'son  or  (/•'.)  s"hah"sen';  2  chan'son  or  (F.) 
Chah"soh',  n.    A  ballad.    [F.,  <  L.  canlio,  song.] 

chant,  1  chant;  2  chant.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  sing,  as  to  a 
chant;  sing.  II.  re.  A  melody  adapted  to  words  without 
strict  rhythm;  a  psalm  or  canticle  so  recited;  a  song; 
melody.  [<  L.F  cantus,  <  cano,  sing]  ('haunt}. — 
chant'er,  n.  chant'or};  chaunt'erj.— chant'ress,  n. 
A  female  singer. 

chant 'ey,  1  tfhant'i;  2  chant'y,  re.    A  working-song  of  sailors. 

chan'ti-cleer,  1  <man'ti-klTr;2chan'ti-cler, re.  Acock.  [<  f. 
chanteclalr  (name  of  the  cock  in  the  medieval  fable  of  "Rey- 
nuni  the  Fox"),  <  chanter,  chant,  +  clair,  clear.] 

Chan'trey,  1  (fhan'tn;  3  chfin'try,  Sir  Francis  (1781-1842). 
An  English  sculptor;  statue  of  Washington. 

chant'ry,  1  e'hunt'n;  2  chant'ry,  re.  [-uiesz,  pi]  1.  A 
chapel,  especially  one  endowed  for  maintaining  daily 
masses.  2.  A  grated  enclosure  of  a  tomb.  |  <  OF. 
chanterie,  <  F.  and  OF.  chanter,  <  L.  cano,  sing.] 

Cha'os,  1  ke'os;  2  ea'&s,  n.  A  condition  of  utter  disorder 
and  confusion,  as  the  unformed  primal  state  of  the  uni- 
verse. [<  Gr.F  chaos,  <  ehaino.  gape.]  cll'l-ot'ic,  a. 
( if.  pertaining  to,  or  like  chaos;  unformed;  disordered,  cha- 
ot  'l-calf. 

chap,  1  chap;  2  chap,  vt.  &  vi.     [chapped*, or  chapt; 

CHAP'piNG.j     To  crack  and  roughen,  as  the  skill. 
chap',  n.    A  crack,  as  in  the  skin. 
Chap*,  n.    1.  [Colloq.]  A.  fellow;  lad.    2.  [Dial,  or  Obs.] 

\  chapman.    [Short  for  chapman.] 
chap',  1  chop;  2  chap,  re,     1.  A  jaw;  in  the  plural,  the 

mouth    and    cheeks.      2.    The   jaw    of    a    vise.       |<    Ice. 

1,  laptr,  law.] 
Chap.,  niihr.    ( lhaplaln.— chap.,  abbr.    <  lhapter, 

cha"pa-re'Jos,  1  cha*'pa-re'hos;  2  ch&'pii  re/1 n    [Sp,  km  1 

Strong  leather  breeches  worn  by  cowboys  to  protect  the  legs 
from  trees,  brush,  etc.     cha"pa-ra'Jost ;  eha"pa-re'rasf 

[Mr--.   |, 

chap"ar-ral',  1  <fhap"e-ral';  2  chap"a-ral  ,  re.     A  tangle 

of  dwarf  oak,  low  thorny  shrubs,  etc.  [Sp  ,  <  chiifxirra. 
evergreen  oak.] 


i         I  •"     ml      I  "     bftrnj 

U.I        i  i  Us 

• 
•  i  urnth  ol) .  tit 
i  oniimn  i  iiaiiai  n 
i  marking 

i  liar'    n-d  r-ls'(l-c      I  11,  l  l.  I   • 

II  >. il  II  , 

n    Indication, 
ularli ) .  iraoo, 

■ 

■■•  klenl  If  \   mi  object ; 

ind  straight, 

■ 

in.n  bo 

i    union  inn  n  ill  dle- 
ari  ol  tear; 

'I'    Ill     Uj- 
ll  .1  good,  but 

•  :i  villain     ( 'omparo   ittribi  i  e; 

■  liar".ii--lir-|s'l|-i  al-l> ,..-.-■        cliar'- 

ar-ter-li   ~.        -neas,  n, 

.'in     i.  -I.  r-i/,-  -i-r.    : 

I    l.Todi  icribe  l>\  qualit  i    101  peou- 
'.'.   I ..  bo  a  mai  k  "i  peculiaril  y  of  j 

ih.ir ".u--Iit-I-/:i'IIiiii     or    -sa'tlmi.    n 
i  b  >r    it  -irr-l/'Vr  w  -I»"it.  h. 
i  b  ir  '.u  -i,r-<  .  ■ ,  r-y,  n.     I.    I  dis- 

tinguishing mark;  distinctive  eharacterl  tic     '.'.  \    rstemol 

rh.ir 
c  ll  l-r.i.lr'.  ]  .  .  ,j     ■_•  .  •    ,  ,  ,,!'_  „        \„  ,.,,;.. 

ing  of  a  word  to  b  ira  the  desoripl  ive,  scenic, 


.    ,  •  i  ■ 
I. 


.  Inr 


■ 

,  hap  'laln-rj . 

rli    i-  i  iln-shlp   , 

- 

I . 
I. 

1 

Knc.)  To  do  choral  or  chare* 
aoootd  r>- 


I. 


i  T&:. 


ii.     i. 

•J.   A  r<|>- 

l. 

I. 


nr  other  representation  of  il 
harYual",  1  cbaVkfil*;  L'  ohareoi 


Si  n  :  rmmU 

:■-:'•  a     kai  i. 


COT   Inrludefl 


rhar'coal",  l  dharTtfil*;  2  ohareoi",  n,    A  black,  porous 
■  M'-.-,  obtained  by  the  imperfect   combustion  "t 
i  in  an  air*tigh1  kiin;  nearly  pun-  carbon.    [<  AS. 

I  nM.J 

<  bar"eo< '.  iar*eo',  Jew  Martin  (1826  1898) 
a  i  rench  physician  and  neuropathist, 

ehare,  1  cniLr;  2  char,  t.  A  n.    Bairn 

H  \H. .in;  i  II  \  I :  < . '  I  -n  ' .  )     I.  I. 

i.i     lay  or  im ■  imel  bung  upon,  a    a  L  >ad,  tru  t,  oi 

requirement;  exhort;  instruct;  enjoin,    'i.  To  pul  some- 
thing into  or  upon,  a~  a  load  or  charge;  load;  fill,    3.  Ti> 
i  state  as  a  price;  demand.   4.  To  i  I  downoi  record 
thing  as  due  from;  debit.     S.  To  accuse.    15.  To 
maki  pon.    7.  To  emblazon,  as  with  heraldic 

lems.    II.  i.    1.  To  demand  or  fix  a  price     ''•   I  o 
I    charger,  <  liL.camco,  <  L.car- 

■    LRH  mi.-.;  ATTACK;  Al  mini   1 1  ■  .  I  0UMAND; 

load      Prep.:  To  charge  something  upon  or  agairut  one;  to 
debl  or  a  fault. 
charge,         l.  I  be  quantity  pul  or  to  be  pul  into  a  fire- 
arm, :i  furnai  '■■ '  lire  and  custody,  or  thai  which 
is  under  one's  i  ire     -l.  A  price;  entry  of  indebtedness; 
I.  An  add  i  action  or  a<l- 
.">.    Ln  accusation     6.  An  impetuous  onset; 
ignal  for  it.    7.  A  heraldic  figure  or  device;  a 
bearin           qj    ee  i  ibi  .  i  u  i  eb;  command;  load;  ovbb- 

charge''bouse"t,  r.     I  common  school. 

overhead  charges, or  cost, or  expense  ( 'om  < .  :iii  charges 

a  manufacturing  business,  beyond 

the  cos)  of   raw  material,  labor,  and   the  selling  of   the 

product. 

eharge'a-bl  <•'.  ]  cnarj'e-bl;  2  ch&rg'a-bl,  a.    Capable  of 

or  rightfully  to  be  charged,    -in- 
ehar"ge'  d'affaires',  1  fflrar'se'  da'fUr';  2  char'zhe/  da'far'. 
[cBAB'ata'  iMriuiiiv,  p/.]    I.  rheotncei  In  charge  of  dlp- 
lomai  ence  of  a  minister  or  ambassador, 

ent.    ii-".| 
cbargj'er,  1  dhdrj'er;  2  charg'er,  n.    1.  One  who  or  tlnvt 
•  .'.  u  horsi      2.  An  instrument  formea- 
:  i.  iwdi  r     :i  .  \  large  dish 

<  ii.ir'i-ly,  l  dhir'i-h;  2  ch&r'i-ly,  adv.    fn  a  chary  manner. 
ebar'l-ness,  l  i  bar'i-nes;  2  charl-nee,  n.    The  quality  of 

nary. 

<  h  ir'iuk-  «  r..-s,  1  rhar'nj;  2  Ch&r'lng.     A  I.onilon  district,  at 

end  of  the  Strand;  site  ol  one  of  thi  ctedby 

•  the  body  of  his  wife  rested  on  the 

char'l-oL  l  cTiarVat;  '2  ch&r'i-ot,  n.     1.  Antiq    A  two- 

isedin  tnd  in  racing,    '4.  An  ornati 

four 'Wheeled  carriage.     [OF.]     char^l-ot-eer',  n.    One 

■  ii.iri-i>,  i  tfhar'i-ti;  2  chart-ty,  n.    [-mxtp,  pi .]    I.  Lib- 

■  .  alms.    '5.  An  instil  ution 

I--  Ip  of  tl  :  bo  overlook 

leniency.     4.  Spiritual  benevolence;  Cliriatian 

tl  u   ,  -l'-ar.] 

Syn. 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    Chin;    go;    13  =  sing;    Chin,   this,   chap-book 
149     2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   bftrn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.        Chastity 


— char'l-ta-bl(ei',  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  character- 
ized by  charity. 

Syn.:  beneficent,  benevolent,  benign,  benignant,  compas- 
sionate, considerate,  forgiving,  indulgent,  kind,  lenient,  lib- 
eral, loving,  merciful,  mild,  patient,  placable. — Ant.:  im- 
placable, relentless,  revengeful,  unforgiving. 

— char'i-ta-bl(e-nessp,  re.— char'i-ta-bly,  adv. 

char"I-var'i,  1  sliar"i-var'i;  2  char"i-var'i,  re.  A  burlesque 
serenade:  sometimes  given  to  newly  married  people.    [F.] 

char 'la-tan,  1  shor'la-tan;  2  char'la-tan,  n.  A  pretender 
as  to  medical  knowledge;  quack.  [F.] — char"la-tan'- 
Ic,  a. — char'la-tan-ry,  re.    char'la-tan-ismi. 

Char"le-magne',  1  ,shur"li-men':  2  ch;ir"le-man',  n.  (742- 
814).    King  of  the  Franks  (800-814). 

Charles,  1  chdrlz;  2  charls,  re.  1.  Charles  Martel  (688-741), 
duke  of  Australia;  Mayor  of  the  Palace  to  Frankish  kings; 
won  victory  over  Saracens  between  Poitiers  and  Tours,  732; 
grandfather  of  Charlemagne.  2.  C.  VII.,  "The  Victorious" 
(1403-1461),  king  of  France;  reconquered  territory  taken  by 
England.  3.  C,  "The  Bold"  (1433-1477),  duke  of  Bur- 
gundy; introduced  in  Scott's  Qucntin  Durward  and  Anne  of 
Geierstein.  4.  C.  V.  (1500-1558),  emperor  of  Germany  and 
king  (C.  I.)  of  Spain.  5.  C.IX.  (1550-1574),  king  of  France; 
consented  to  massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew.  6.  C.  I.,  Stuart 
(1600-1649),  English  king;  engaged  in  Civil  War;  tried  and 
beheaded.  7.  C.  II.,  Stuart  (1630-1685),  English  king;  ac- 
ceded at  Restoration,  1660.  8.  C.  XII.  (16S2-17181.  king 
of  Sweden;  defeated  by  Russians.  9.  C.  X.,  Philippe, 
Comte  d'Artois  (1757-1S36),  king  of  France,  1824-1830; 
abdicated.  10.  C.  Francis  Joseph  (1887-  ),  Emperor 
of  Austria  from  1SH6. 

Charles'ton,  1  cTiarlz'tan:  2  charls/ton,  n.  1.  A  town  in  S. 
South  Carolina;  earthquake,  1886:  pop.  59,000.  2.  A  city, 
capital  of  West  Virginia;  pop.  23,000. 

Charles'town,  1  cliarlz'taun;  2  chiirls'lown,  n.  Part  of 
Boston,  Mass.;  U.  S.  navy=yard.  [cerlic] 

char'lock,  1  ehar'lak:  2  char'lok.  n.    Wild  mustard.    [<  AS. 

char'lotte,  1  sTiar'lfit;  2  cnar'lot,  re.  A  dish  made  of  fruit, 
cream,  or  the  like  enclosed  in  a  form  of  bread  or  cake.  [F.,  a 
use  of  Charlotte,  personal  name.] — charlotte  russe,  whipped 
cream  or  custard  in  a  form  made  of  sponge=cake. 

Char-lot 'ten-burg.  1  sliar-let'en-bQrH;2  char-lot'en-burH,  n. 
A  city  in  Prussia;  suburb  W.  of  Berlin;  pop.  306,000. 

charm,  1  charm;  2  charm,  v.  l.t.  1.  To  put  a  spell  upon; 
captivate;  fascinate;  delight.  2.  To  protect  as  by  a 
spell.    II.  i.    To  act  like  a  charm;  be  fascinating. 

Syn.:  bewitch,  captivate,  delight,  enchant,  enrapture,  en- 
tice, entrance,  fascinate,  ravish.     See   ravish.     Compare 
allure. — Ant.:  annoy,  disenchant,  disgust,  distress,  disturb, 
irritate,  repel. 
— charm  'er,  n. 

charm,  n.  1.  The  power  of  alluring  or  delighting;  fasci- 
nation; also,  that  which  charms;  beauty.  2.  A  magical 
spell;  incantation;  amulet.  [  <  F.  charme,  <  L.  carmen, 
song.]     Syn.:  see  talisman. 

Charm  'ing,  1  chdrm'in ;  2  charm'ing,  pa.  Having  power 
to  charm. 

Syn.:  bewitching,  captivating,  delightful,  enchanting,  en- 
rapturing, entrancing,  fascinating,  winning.  That  is  charm- 
ing or  bewitching  which  is  adapted  to  win  others  as  by  a  magic 
spell.  Enchanting,  enrapturing,  entrancing  represent  the  in- 
fluence as  not  only  supernatural,  but  irresistible  and  delight- 
ful. That  which  Is  fascinating  may  win  without  delighting, 
drawing  by  some  unseen  power,  as  a  serpent  its  prey;  we  can 
speak  of  horrible  fascination.  Charming  applies  only  to  what 
Is  external  to  oneself;  delightful  may  apply  to  personal  ex- 
periences or  emotions  as  well;  we  speak  of  a  charming  man- 
ner, a  charming  dress,  but  of  delightful  anticipations.  Com- 
pare amiable;  beautiful;  lovely. 

— charm 'lng-ly,  adv. — charm  'Ing-ness,  n. 

char'ne-cot,  n.    A  sweet  Portuguese  wine,    char'nl-cot. 

char'nel,  1  eliar'nel;  2  chiir'nel.  I.  a.  Fitted  or  used  for 
tin-  reception  of  dead  bodies;  sepulchral.  II.  n.  A 
sepulcher.  char'ncl=house"t.  [  <  L.LL  caro  (cam-), 
Bean.] 

Cha'ron,  1  ke'r;m;2  ea'ron,  n.  Class.  Myth.  The  ferryman  of 
the  dead  over  the  Styx,  a  river  in  Hades, 

char'ple,  1  snnr'pi;  2  char'pl,  n.  Lint  made  from  old  linen. 
(F.,  <  L.  car i>o,  seize.) 

charr,  n.    Same  as  char3,  n. 

char'ry,  1  ehfir'i;  2  chiir'y,  a.   Pertaining  to  or  like  charcoal. 

chart,  1  (fhart;  2  chart.  I'1.  vt.  To  lay  out  on  a  chart. 
II.  n.  1.  A  map,  as  for  the  use  of  navigators.  2.  A  sheet 
allowing  facts  graphically  or  in  tabular  form.  [<  Gr  ' '""' 
charts,  leaf  of  paper] 

chart.,  abbr.  [1..\  Med  Charts:  (papers  [containing  powders, 
etc.]). 

char-ta'ceous,  1  kflr-tS'flnns;  2  ear-ta'shus,  a.  Hot.  Having 
the  texture  of  writing-paper.    [<  I.,  charta;  see  ch  utT,  n.\ 

char'ter,  1  eh&r'tar;  SehaVter.  Y.vt.  1.  To  hire  by  char- 
ter. 2.  To  establish  by  charter.  II.  re.  1.  An,  act  of  in- 
corporati  >n  of  a  municipality,  company,  institution,  or 


the  like.  2.  A  writing  permitting  the  establishment  of  a 
branch  or  chapter  of  a  society.  3.  A  document  granting 
special  rights  or  privileges.  3.  A  lease,  as  of  a  vessel,  or 
the  contract  by  which  it  is  leased.  [<  L.OF  chartula, 
dim.  of  charta;  see  chart,  n.] — char'ter=par"ty,  re.  The 
contract  between  owner  and  freighter  for  the  letting  of  a 
vessel:  originally  divided  (F.  partie)  and  half  given  to  each 
contracting  party. 

Chartres,  1  sTiartr:  2  chiirtr,  n.  A  cathedral  city  in  N.  W. 
France;  pop.  20,000. 

Chart'ism,  1  ehdrt'izm;  2  chart'Ism,  n.  Bng.  Hist.  The  prin- 
ciples and  demands  embodied  in  the  so=called  People's 
( 'barter,  set  forth  in  1838  by  a  party  of  English  Radicals. — 
Chart '1st,  n.    One  who  supports  Chartism. 

char-tog 'ra-phy,  n.    Same  as  cartography. 

Char-treuse',  1  Shar-trOz';  2  char-trus/,  re.  1.  La  Grande  C, 
the  original  Carthusian  monastery,  near  Grenoble,  France; 
monks  expelled,  1903.  2.  A  variety  of  liqueur  first  made 
there. 

char'tu-la-ry,  re.    Same  as  cartulary. 

char'wo"man,  1  c"hdr'wu"man;  2  char'wQ'man,  n.  [Eng.]  A 
chorewoman. 

char'y,  1  cliar'i;  2  char'y,  o.  1.  Cautious;  wary.  2.  Care- 
ful, prudent;  sparing.  [  <  AS.  cearig,  sorrowful,  sad,  < 
cearu,  care.]     Syn.:  see  scanty. 

Cha-ryb'dls,  1  ks-rib'dis;  2  ca-ryb'dis,  n.  Class.  Myth.  A 
ravenous  woman,  transformed  into  a  whirlpool  on  the  Sicil- 
ian coast,  opposite  the  Italian  rock  Scylla:  hence  "between 
Scylla  and  Charybdis,"  i.  e.,  between  two  dangers. 

Chas.,  abbr.    Charles. 

chase1,  1  dies;  2  chas,  v.  [chased4;  chas'ing.]  I.  t.  1. 
To  follow  with  intent  to  catch,  obtain,  etc. ;  pursue.  2. 
To  drive  away;  dispel:  often  with  away,  out,  or  off.  II.  i. 
To  follow  in  pursuit;  run  swiftly.  [  <  OF.  chacier,  <  L. 
capto;  see  catch, d.]  chacet.  Syn.:  see  follow. — chas'er'.n. 

chase21,  vt.    To  ornament  by  indenting. — chas 'er2,  re. 

Chase1,  re.  1.  Earnest  pursuit.  2.  That  which  is  pursued. 
3.  The  practise  of  hunting;  hunters  collectively;  the 
hunt.  4.  [Eng.]  A  private  game=preserve.  5.  In  court" 
tennis,  a  scoring  stroke,  as  when  the  ball  bounces  a  sec- 
ond time  in  certain  parts  of  the  court.     Syn.:  see  hunt. 

Chase2,  re.  1.  A  frame  into  which  type  is  fastened  for 
printing.  2.  The  forward  part  of  a  cannon.  3.  A  groove; 
trough;  trench.    [<  OF.  chasse,  <  capsa;  see  case2,  re.] 

Chase,  1  cites;  2  chas,  Salmon  Portland  (1808-1873).  An 
American  lawyer  and  statesman. 

chasan,  1  kazm;  2  €as.m,  n.     A  yawning  hollow;  deep 
gorge.    [  <  Gr.  chasma,  <  chaino,  gape.] 
Syn.:  see  breach;  hole. 

chas"se',  1  slia"se';  2  cha"se'.  I.  v.  To  perform  a  chasse.  II. 
n.  In  dancing,  a  movement  across  or  to  right  and  left.  [F., 
<  OF.  chacier,  chase1.] 

chasse1,  1  slias;  2  chas,  n.    The  chase;  hunt;  hunting. 

chasse2,  re.  A  small  glass  of  spirit  or  liqueur  served  at  dinner 
after  the  coffee.    [F.]    chasse"  *ca"fe't. 

chasse3,  re.  Archeol.  A  casket  for  the  relics  of  a  saint.  [F.,  < 
L.  capsa,  case2.] 

chasse"pot',  1  sTids"po';2  ehas'po',  n.  Mil.  A  French  breech* 
loading  rifled  needle=gun.    [F.,  <  Chassepot,  inventor.] 

chas-seur',  1  sliu-sur';  2  chii-sur',  re.  A  llght=armed  soldier  of 
cavalry  or  infantry.    [F.,  <  OF.  chacier,  chase.] 

chas'sis,  1  clias'is;  2  ch&s'is,  n.  1.  The  frame  and  springs 
of  a  motor=car;  by  extension,  also,  all  other  mechanical 
parts  of  the  car,  including  the  wheels.  2.  A  movable 
railway  for  running  a  gun  in  and  out  of  a  battery:  used 
in  coast=artillery.  [  <  F.  chassis,  <  OF.  chasse;  see 
chase2,  re.] 

chaste,  1  chest;  2  chast,  a.  1.  Free  from  sexual  impurity; 
modest;  virtuous;  pure  in  thought.  2.  Pure  in  style; 
free  from  vulgarisms.  [<  I/.*"  castas,  pure.]  Syn.:  see 
modest;  pure. — chaste'ly,  adv. — chaste'ness,  n 

chast 'en,  1  ehes'n;  2  chas'n,  vt.  1.  To  discipline  by  pain 
or  trial.  '£•  To  moderate;  soften.  3.  To  refine;  purify. 
I    .  To  chastise. 

Syn.:  afflict,  castigate,  chastise,  correct,  discipline,  hum- 
ble, punish,  purify,  refine,  soften,  subdue,  try,  Castigate 
and  chastise  refer  strictly  to  corporal  punishment,  tho  both 
are  somewhat,  archaic     Punish    Is   distinctly    retributive 

In  sense;   chasten,   wholly  correct  ive  and   merciful   In   Intent, 

and  result.    Chasten  is  used  exclusively  in  the  spiritual  sense, 

and  chiefly  of  the  visitation  of  (  hid.     See  REPRESS;  REPROVE. 
chaat'en-er,  n. — chast'cn-lng,  re.    S.vn.:  see  afflic- 
tion; MISFORTUNE. 
Clias-tlse',    1    ehas-fdiz';    2    chas-lls/,    vt.      [ciias-tisei)'; 

i  hab-tis'ing.]  1.  To  correct  witb  the  rod.  IS.  To  pun- 
ish, as  an  enemy.    |  <  chasten.]    chas-tize'J. 

Syn.:  seeBEAT;  chasten.  chas-tls'a-bKe*, a.  chas- 
lis'er,  //  chas'tlse-ment,  n.  The  Infliction  of  punish- 
ment.     S.VIl.:  see  MISFORTUNE. 

chas'ti-ty,  1  dhas'ti-ti;  2  ch&s'ti-ty,  n.     The  state  or 

quality  of  being  chaste;  purity;  sometimes,  celibacy. 
Syn.:  see  virtue. 


r'    , 


i 


V 


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rli>(    I). 


rl      '     ', 

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r|,.    il    . 

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IPERTT. 
I.  I 

i  i.  r-kot",         > 

Tli i  • 

r-jar. 

I.        - 

i rails.     l<   OF. 
-tia»  'ilnm- . 

il  furnace, 
rhau'fi-r:. 

il    ' 

IquarU-ra 
<   h  hi  i  iii'in.i  «  In  I.    . 

sha> :. 

<  II.  (  Ik., 

'■  ■ 

rheap'en,  l 

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■  bi  i|.im 

I  -    :   fraud  in 

cheat 'a-bl  i- 
cheat'- 


i  ,,      ■     r,-i        .•■    o       rail,  rtU»l   l'"l.  I'Orn; 

I  i        l  I  I  ■,.,,,    ,    »6ll,  IftO 

'In  il  Vr-)  .  -i 

.  ,    ,i  rj 

.Inn.  n.     I  '.'.    \ 

I  • 

■  liiali-'  ;  chelct.     .   .  D       I  I   »',i ' 
. 

i  In  .il    lir.    ill  :. 

.  in  •  k  .  Il  by  force  or 

••.    r.  mark  with  ■  oheok  <<r 
:t.   |..  ..' 
I .  •">  .  I  -  ■ 

II.        i.  I.  Id  I  doom  ■ 

ith<  i  bird*    •'!•  To  orack, 

rhekl. 

HINDI  R:  i  till  'H-rosK,;  HK- 

III  IMS       t-|i<M-k '  .ri'ln".  I 

rrin  fi  iddlc  ol  ■  barni     to  keeps  ii"r*'i 

li.   ir   |n|   r.  In";. 

i  lurk.        I.  I  checking  or  Deing  checked     '.*.  Tint  which 

,  i-ln-i'kT.-iii     :\.  \  wnti.  a  order  lor  mom  v. 

drawn  upon  a  bank  or  banker.    4.  A  numb  red  tag,  or 

the  lik.-.  tn  identify  M wner  of  an  article    S<  A  mark 

■  ion,  u*  in  mi  account      •'•    \    iquare  In  a 

I    urface;  any  checkered  pattern     7.  In  chew, 

an  attaok  or  mi  naoe  to  the  king.    8.  I"  mining,  r  ^-1  i «1  i t 

fault     "J.  I  consonant  produced  bj  sudden  stopping  of 

thi  breath;  a  mute     l<  JF.Sehee,  <  Per.  ah&h,  king] 

im  m,\  I  RSION  ;  UPS 

check 'er i  1   chek'er;  2  chek'er,  tt.     1.  To  murk  with 
squat  '-'•   r*o  mark  with  vicissitudes; 

ill\.   I 

■  in  i  k  Vr  .  i      I.  apiece  in  the  game  of  checkers,  usually 
u  small  disk     '-'■  1 1 ni  of  thi    guares  In  a  checki  i 
face.    S.  ;./     A  game  played  by  t« 

upon    ii    checkerboard ;    draughts      I-      OJ 
oard,      i  i 
Per     Mft,  king.]    etaecq'uerf.    eheck'et  imani".  n.    A 
board  divided  im"  M  squares,  on  which  checkers  arc  p 
..  i\urk.   i       \n\   -.% . .ri.  or  pattern  showing  alternate 
different  colors  or  shade  I. 
chech  Vr  .        i  in-  -.-.  ho  - 

rheck'er-licr"r> .  ]  cnek'er-oer"i;  B  ChH  '.  r-l.rr'y.  n.   [-EtB8«, 

pl.l    The  wlntergreen  <ir  Its  n-<i  berry. 
eheckless,  1  cnek'les;  z  cnek'les,  a.    That  can  not  be  re- 

sl  rained. 
check  'matte",  1   chek'm6t*;  2  chek'mftt".     P.  at.     I. 
put   (an  opponent's  king)  in  a  cheek  from 

which  no  escape  i-  possible,  thus  winning  the  game.    "'. 

Bence,  i"  defeat  by  a  skilful  maneuver.    II.  n     The  act 
of  checkmating.    [  <  Ar.*  ah&h,  king,  +""''. 

dead.]    Syn.:  see  <  onqukr. 
cheek,  1  chfk;  2  chfik,  n.    1.  Either  side  of  the  face  below 

the  eye;  an  analogous  part,  as  the  cheek  of  a  visi      '-• 

(slam/]  Assurance;  impudence.    [<    KS.  i 
cheek 'y,  l  cnlk'i;  2  cbes/y,  a.    [Slang.]    Impudent;  brazen. 

cheep,  1  Cnlp;2  Cb§p.     1.  rl.    To  Chirp  iir  Bqueak  fainth  :  I I> 

II.  a.     A  weak  chirp  or  squeak,  as  of  a  young  bird.    [Iml- 
tattve  1     cheep'er,  n. 

cheer,  1  erilr;  2  cher,  t>.    I.  f.    1.  To  make  cheerful.   2.  To 

applaud  with  cheers.     II.  i.    I.  To  be  or  become  ol r- 

fui.    2.  To  utter  cheers.    Syn.:  see  amuse;  cherish ;  com- 
port; v baob;  km  kiii  ms  .  ukjiiice. 

cheer,   n     1.  \  shout  of  applause  or  encouragement.    2. 
of  the  -1'irii^;  especially,  cheerfulness.     •'!• 
thing  that  promotes  cheerfulni 

4  .  Expression  of  countenance;  look    [<  P.  chere,  < 
i  i.  earn  i  ■    Or.  tara),  bead.]    Syn.:  see  ai-i-i.m  bi  ;  dntbr- 
iiimiiai;    BAPPIHXSS.     ebeer'er,   n.     clieer'ful,  a.     In 
IilrliM;  Joyous;  lively;  willing. 

i  bi  buo  ant,  cheering,  cheery,  gay,  ge- 
niai.  happy,  Jocund,  Joyous,  lively, merry, mirthful, smiling, 
sprightly,  sunny.    Cheerful  appll  n  or  ex- 

m  of  a  moderate  and  tranquil  happiness.     \ 

word  spontaneously  gives  cheer  to  others;  a  clu  i  Tint  word  is 

more  distinctly  planned  to  cheer  and  encourage.  Bee  bright; 

od;  hippy. 

<  iiiir'fiii-iy,  adt     cbeer'ful-nesK,  n.  -  cheerless, 

Di   tltute  of  cheer;  gloomy.    Syn.:  see  bleak.— clieer'- 

-I)  .       '         elieer'less-ness,  n. 

clieer'>,  ]  cluyi;  2  cheVy.  a      1.  Abounding  in  or  showing 
cheerfulness     2.  Fitted  to  cheer;  cheering. 

.in  ;  <  hi  i.i:i  I  i  .  COM!  "in  Mil. k;  happy. 
•  Iner'l-I) ,  atfs.     cliecr'lyj  [Archaic].  —  cheer 'l-ness, 

Hi'-'l'iii. 

ebeeae,  1  dhls;  'd  ch£e.,  n.  The  pressed  curd  of  milk.  [< 
I.  eaaeua,  cheese.)-  rheese'=oake",  n.  A  pie 
containing  curd  or  cheese.—  orloth,  n.  A  tbln  fabric,  as 
for  wrapping  a  cheese  after  pressing  c.»mlte,  n.  a  ml- 
■  ■•,.,,  ,  Qour,  and  milk.  c. 'monger, 
n  A  dealer  In  Cheese,  r. sparing.  I.  a.  Miserly;  par 
Hlmonlous.    II.  n.    A  paring  of  che/:se;  figuratively,  a  meanly- 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    iu  =  feud:    Chin;    go;    T}  =  sing;    fhin,    this. 
151       2:wplf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


chasuble 
chevy 


economical  practise  or  disposition. — chees'y,  a.  Contain- 
ing or  resembling  cheese. 

chee'tah,  1  tfhl'ta;  2  che'ta,  n.    Same  as  chetah.    chee'tai. 

chef,  1  shef ;  2  ghSf,  n.    A  male  head  cook.    [F.] 

chef"=d'oeu'vre,  1  s"he"du'vr;  2  che"du'vr,  n.  [chefs"- 
d'ceu'vre,  pi.]    A  masterpiece.     [F.] 

Che"foo',  1  clu"fu':  2  che'foo',  n.  Commercial  city  and  treaty 
port  (pop.  95,000),  Shantung  province,  China.  Che'Tu'J; 
Chi'Tu't. 

cheg'oe,  1  cheg'6:  2  cheg'6,  n.    Same  as  chigoe. 

chci'lo-,  etc.     Same  as  chilo-,  etc. 

cheir'-,  chei'ro-,  etc.    Same  as  chiro-,  etc. 

che'la,  1  ki'la;  2  ee'la,  n.  [che'l.e.  l-ll;  2  -le,  pi.]  A  terminal 
pincer-like  claw  in  crustaceans  and  arachnids,  f  <  Gr.  chile, 
claw.] — che'late,  a.  Cheliform. — chel'i-form,  1  kel'i- 
ferm;  2  eel'i-form,  a.  Having  the  form  of  a  chela  of  a  lob- 
ster; pincer-like.     [+  form.] 

chel'on-,  1  kel'on-;  2  eel'on-.  From  Greek  chelone,  tortoise: 
a  combining  form. — Che-lo'ni-a,  n.  Herp.  In  the  plural, 
the  zoological  family  including  tortoises  and  turtles.  Che- 
lo'ne-af. — che-lo'ni-ad,  n. — che-lo'ni-an,  a.  &  n. 

Chel'sea,  1  cliel'si;  2  chel'se,  n.  A  borough  (pop.  66,000)  of 
S.  W.  London,  England. 

chem.,  abbr.    Chemical,  chemist,  chemistry. 

chem'i-cal,  1  kem'i-kal;  2  eem'i-eal.  I.  a.  1.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  chemistry.  2.  Obtained  by  or  used  in  chem- 
istry, ehem'ict  [Poet.].  II.  n.  A  substance  obtained 
by  or  used  in  a  chemical  process. — chem'i-cal-ly,  adv. 

che-mise',  1  shi-mlz';  2  che-mis/,  n.  A  woman's  under- 
garment.    [F.,  <  LL.  camisia,  shirt.] 

chem"i-sette',  1  sliem"i-zet';  2  chem"i-s.et',  n.  A  woman's 
light  undergarment  for  neck  and  shoulders.     [F.,  dim.  of 

CHEMISE.] 

chem'ism,  1  kem'izm;  2  cgm'i§m,  n.    Chemical  affinity. 

chem'ist,  1  kem'ist;  2  cem'ist,  n.  1.  One  versed  in  chem- 
istry.   2.  A  dealer  in  chemicals.     [Abbr.  of  alchemist.] 

chem'is-try,  1  kem'is-tn;  2  cfim'is-try,  n.  1.  That 
science  which  treats  of  matter  considered  as  composed 
of  atoms,  and  of  their  relations  and  affinities.  2.  A 
treatise  on  this  science 

Chem'nltz,  1  kem'nits;2  cem'nits,  n.  A  manufacturing  town 
in  Saxony,  Germany;  pop.  288,000. 

Che-mul'po,  1  eni-mul'po;  2  che-muTpo.  n.  A  town  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Chosen;_  treaty  port;  pop.  27,000. 

ChenK"tu\  1  c"hen"tu';  2  cheng'tu',  n.  A  walled  city  In  S. 
China;  pop.  800,000. 

che-nille',  1  shl-nll';  2  che-nil',re.  A  soft  fluffy  cord  of  cot- 
ton, wool,  etc.,  often  made  into  fringes,  curtains,  etc.  [F., 
caterpillar,  <  canicula,  dim.  of  cants,  dog.) 

Che'ops,  1  ki'ops;  2  ce'ops,  n.  Egyptian  king  (4th  dynasty), 
supposed  builder  of  first  pyramid  near  Cairo. 

cheque,  1  cTiek;  2  chek,  n.    Same  as  check3. 

cheq'uer,  etc.    Same  as  checker,  etc. 

Cher"bo  !■" •'.  1  sliar'bur';  2  cher'bur',  n.  Fortified  seaport 
(pop.  44,000),  N.  France. 

cheret,  n.    Cheer;  countenance,    chert. 

cheretet,  n.    Charity;  love;  friendship,    chyertet. 

cher'ish',  1  clier'ish ;  2  cher'ish,  vt.  1.  To  care  for  kindly; 
foster;  nurture.  2.  To  entertain  fondly,  as  a  hope  or  an 
idea.     [  <  F.  cher,  dear.] 

Syn.:  cheer,  comfort,  encourage,  entertain,  foster  harbor, 
hold  dear,  nourish,  nurse,  nurture,  protect,  shelter,  treasure, 
value.  To  cherish  is  both  to  hold  dear  and  to  treat  as  dear. 
To  nurse  Is  to  tend  the  helpless  or  feeble.  To  nourish  Is 
strictly  to  sustain  and  build  up  by  food:  to  nurture  includes 
mental  and  spiritual  training  with  love  and  tenderness;  to 
foster  is  simply  to  maintain  and  care  for,  to  bring  up.  In 
the  figurative  sense,  the  opinion  one  cherishes  he  holds,  not 
with  mere  cold  conviction,  but  with  loving  devotion. 

•he-root',  1  ffht-rut';  2  che-root',  n.  A  clgar«llke  roll  of  In- 
ferior tobacco  cut  at  both  ends.  [<  F.  chcroute,  <  Hind. 
shurutlu,  roll.]    she-root'}. 

eher'ry,  1  dher'i;  2  cher'y.  I-  a.  1.  Like  a  cherry;  red. 
2.  Made  of  cherry-wood.  II.  n.  [cheb'bibb2,  pi  J  1.  A 
small  roundish  or  heart-shaped  red  or  reddish  fruit 
growing  on  a  long  pedicel,  ana  containing  a  small  round 
stone.  2.  A  tree  or  shrub  that  bears  cherries.  3.  The 
wood  of  a  cherry-tree,  especially  that  of  the  wild  black 
cherry.  4.  Mech.  A  burr  for  reaming  out  spherical 
cavities.  [<  L.F+AB  cerasus,  cherry«tree,  <  Gr.  kera- 
sos,  <  Kerasos,  Cerasus  (town  In  PontUS),  nr  <  terns, 
horn.  1—  eher'ry shlrd",  n.  I.  The  cedar-bird.  2.  The  I  !all 
fornia  house-finch.  3.  The  European  oriole,  c.  bounce, 
burnt  brandy  and  sugar,  In  which  cherries  have  been 
steeped.— c. spit,  n.  1.  A  cherrystone  2.  A  game  in 
which  cherry-stones  are  tossed  Into  a  hole. 

cher'so-neseS,  1  kur'so-nls;  2  cer'so-ncs.  r».  A  peninsula;  as, 
the  Taurlc  Chersonese.  [<  Gr.1"  Chersoni  tot,  ■  chersits,  land, 
+  nlsos.  Island  | 

€her"so-ne'sus,  1  k0r*80-nl'sns;  2  C5r*so-n8's0fl,  n.  The  an- 
cient name  of  several  European  peninsulas  (Crimea,  (ialllp- 
oll,  Jutland).    Cher-so'nc-sost  Kir  J 


chert,  1  (Shurt;  2  chert,  n.  Mineral.  An  impure  chalcedony. 
[Cp.  Ir.  ceart,  pebble.]— chert'y,  a. 

cher'ub,  1  dher'ub;  2  chfir'ub,  n.  1.  [cher'ubsz,  pi.]  The 
representation  of  a  beautiful  winged  child,  or  the  winged 
head  of  a  child;  hence,  a  beautiful  child.  2.  [cherdbim, 
pi.]  One  of  an  order  of  exalted  angelic  beings.  [  <Heb.LL 
k'rubh,  cherub.]— che-ru'bie,  che-ru'bl-cal,  a.— cher'u- 
bim,  n.  1.  Plural  of  cherub.  2.  [Erroneous.]  A  cherub: 
with  plural  cherubims. 

Che"ru-bl'ni,  1  ke"ru-bi'nl;2  ee'ru-b'i'ni,  Maria  Luigl  (1760— 
1842) .    An  Italian  operatic  composer. 

Cher 'up,  1  cfher'up;  2  cher'up,  v.  &  n.    Chirrup;  chirp. 

Ches'a-peake,  1  cfhes'a-plk;  2  ches'a-pek,  n.  1.  Bay,  between 
Maryland  and  Virginia.  2.  An  American  frigate  (Captain 
Lawrence),  defeated  by  the  English  "Shannon,"  Boston  har- 
bor, June  1,  1813. 

ches'l-blet,  n.    Chasuble. 

chess1,  1  cTies;  2  ches,  n.  A  game  played  by  two  persona 
on    a     checkered     board  m  .    _ 

divided  into   64  squares,        ■  t  AwlgH   M 
with   16   pieces   on    each  Q[ 
o,-^n       r^  ot?    „„,.ia„    ~i    o 


side.  [  <  OF.  esches,  pi. 
of  eschec;  see  check1,  n.] —  | 
chess  'sboard",  n.  The  . 
board  on  which  chess  Is  «■» 
played.  —  chess'man,  n.  <g 
One  of  the  pieces  In  chess.       "* 

chess2,  n.  An  oat-like  weed.  4 
cheatt.  «, 

ches'sel,  1  clies'el;  2  ches'el,  <* 
n.  A  cheese=hoop  or  mold.  A 
[<  cheese  +  wellSw.]        " 

chest,  1  eliest;  2  chgst,  n.  i 
1.    A    large    box,    as    for 
packing.     2.  Mech.  A  re- 
ceptacle for  gases,  liquids, 
etc. ;  as,  a  steam=c/iesf.   3. 


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Chess»board. 

The  pieces  (imiieutert    by  their  respective 
Up     nart     nf     trip      bnrlv  equivalents  in  chess  notation)   are  arranged 

ine    part   oi    me    Doay  aaalthe  i,tginni,1|r  0f  >e>lll,,  the  c.mven- 

enClOSed  by  the  Tibs;  the  tional  eymliol  tor  each  piece  being  set  oppo- 
thorax.  [  <  Gr.L+A8  tiSte,  site  the  square  it  normally  occupies,  or.  In 
bOX.]— Chest  Of    drawers,  the  case  of  the  pawnB,  at  either  end  of  the 

a  box=like   frame  contain-  Pawn"row- 

ing   drawers,      bu'reaut.     [U.   S.].— chest'y,  a.    [Colloq., 

U.  S.]  Bumptious. 

Ches'ter,  1  dies'tar;  2  ches'ter,  n.  A  city  (pop.  39.000)  In 
Cheshire,  England;  old  city  wall  and  much  old  architecture 
preserved. 

Ches'ter-fleld,  1  clies'tar-flld;  2  ches'ter-feld.  Earl  of  (1694- 
1773),  Philip  Dormer  Stanhope.  An  English  courtier  and 
wit;  Letters  to  His  Son  (1774). 

chest'nut,  1  tmes'nut;  2  ches'niit.  I.  a.  1.  Richly  red- 
brown.  2.  Made  of  the  wood  of  the  chestnut.  II.  n.  1. 
An  edible  nut,  growing  in  a  prickly  bur;  also,  the  tree 
that  bears  it,  or  its  wood.  See  leap.  2.  A  reddish' 
brown  color,  or  a  horse  of  that  color.  3.  [Slang,  U.  S  ] 
A  worn-out  joke.  [  <  chesteine  (  <  OF.  chastaine,  <  Gr. 
kastanea,  <  Kastanaia  (city  of  Pontus),  or  <  Kastana,  Cas- 
tana,  in  Thessaly)  4-  nut.]    ches'nutf. 

che'tah,  1  cTil'ta;  2  che'ta,  n.  The  hunting-leopard  of  south- 
western Asia  and  northern  Africa.  [<  Hind,  chitah,  <  Sans. 
chitraka,  speckled.]    chee'tahf;  chol'taf. 

che-val',  1  Sha-val';  2  che-viir,  n.  [che-vaux',  1  -v0';  2  -vO\ 
pi.]  A  horse;  a  support.  [F.,  <  L..  caballus,  horse]  elie- 
val'=de=frlse',  n.  Same  as  chkvaux-dk-fhis.e.  —  ckIuss, 
c.sscrcen,  n.  A  mirror  or  screen  swinging  on  horizontal 
pivots  in  a  frame.— che-vale'ment,  n.  A  temporary  prop 
or  shore  for  the  floor  of  a  building.— chcv'a-let,  n.  The 
bridge  of  a  stringed  Instrument. 

chcv"a-ller',  1  shev"<>-llr';  2  chev"a-ler',  n.  A  knight; 
cavalier.    [F.] 

che-vaux'*de=frlse\  1  sfia-vo'-do-frlz';  2  chc-vo'-dc-fris',  n. 
An  obstacle  or  obstruction  of  projecting  spikes,  used  to  hin- 
der progress,  as  of  cavalry;  literally,  Friesland  horses:  so 
called  because  first  used  by  the  Frleslans,  to  supply  their 
lack  of  cavalry.    [F.] 

cliev'V-lure',  1  slicv'a-liir';  2  chev'e-liir'.  1.  The  hair  of  one'6 
head,  whether  natural  or  a  peruke.  2.  The  tJill  of  a  comet. 
[I'M 

chev'cr-clt,  n.  1.  Kid  leather;  any  similar  flexible  leather. 
2.  A  kid.  3.  [IOng.]  A  goldfinch.  [<  OF.  Chewel,  <  L. 
capra,  goat  ]    ehev'er-llt. 

chev'l-ot,  l  tfhev'i-st;  2  chBv'I-ot,  ».    a  cloth  made  from  the 

wool  of  sheep  bred  On  the  <  IhevlOt   Hills,  or  from  commoner 
grades  in  imitation  of  II.     Sec  sn  KKI\      ('.  Hills,  a  range  be- 
tween Scotland  and  England, 
chcv'roil,  1  shev'ran;  2  chSv'ron,  n       1-   A  device  of  v« 

shaped  bars  worn  on  the  sleeve  by  non*oommissioned 

ofBcera.    2.  pi.    Halters,  in  a  (table  f,  thai  meet  at 

the  ridge.    [Ic'.| 
chev'y,   1    <Imv'i;  2  chev'y,  v.      |.'iii:v'ii:i>;  chrv'y-inqJ 
[ling  ]   I.  I.     To  chase  about;  worry;  hunt.     II.  i.     1> 


rhhalrj 


.  .  |  i  .  iV    not.  Or;   full,  rule;   I. u(,  I.Oni; 


■'hr-nhik 


1 

;.    \ 
I 

.  li.-.--«  Ink  ":. 

1  1 1 .,-.,,  I  ■ . 

\  .  Indiana 

rlif  ,  1    Ii.   Iil-I    .  (111.. 

(  m  in.  iced  in 

-.  u  ro, 

,  1,1  (    r..   .i--.     ■    I D  ■     '    .-  ■■     ■  i  . 

rliljti-.  -M 

rhl-li.iu  in.-'    :  c  lil-lmk'-. 


.III..  . 


I  ln-<  .iiu-'.  1 


I  'I 

2. 
,.  ■  ess  ol  manner. 

- 

<  :ity  and  lal 

-,'.  n      M.  an,  petty  trick- 
l       chl-C  ..uVr-yJ. 
(  iiiin'i'"!.  r.  i  r,  fi.    a  cathedral 

hi. I. 
.  in.  k.  .  i.  '.'•  A  young 

i  ment. 
rhiek'a-     •  Brdfi,  n.    An  American  th> 

and 

.lark-col- 

.  ra    Creek,    1 

j 


cl.n  *    i-r.-.-.      | 

t  bleh  >ne  of 

thick  Vn.  .  I .    . 

'■ 

<  ii iik  'en  I  or  cowardly. 

.     1 1 . .  v .  nf  children. 

rlllck      [i     i     . 

• 

riiirk  '«..-. I ".  reading,  white 

I 
chicle,  I 

dllla:  '-'•  a  gum 

.   ...  'I  ■  .-I.  ■ 
eMc'o-ry,  .  \  perennial  herb  of 

.  bit    ■ 

>(  lll|)|X>- 

cbldc 

1.    ;      rebuke; 
adrr.  :.  u»d,  as 

dan  j 
blame;  bbpb 
•  hM 
iiit-r.  i 

:  | .        I. 

ruler,  leader,  or  t  gent;  principal 

part  of  anything.     '£.   U>r.    '1  be  upper  part  of  a 
|  <  F.  chef,  head.) 


...  chieftain,  commander,  head,  loader,  a 

.  r  I  In'  ml,  i  of  ;i  Ii  IbC 

' it . 

i  for  i  he  iii. .si 
l>l>lli  .1  i hohlliiK  some  nnii 

\  leader 

I       .■■:■■■     ;  ahull )  to  o\ .  r 

\ 
officei  ..i  any 
i  Mil  the 

.    •       M    ■ 

.■III    I- 

III.-.  -Hi. nil. Til.  SUbo  I 

PARAMOI  NT!   PMDOMINAN1        clilet    |UBtlce,   the  presiding 

ol  a  ...mi  com  clilel  i udgel . 
i  ii . 

chief  "I  -■  i  officer  of  tin  . .  neral  under 
whom  chief  of  general  stair,  tl fflcei  re- 

sponsible for  drawing  up  plans  ol  attack  and  defense,  for 
mllltarj  training,  for  Intelligence  »\.ni..  and  r.a  the  higher 
education  ..f  officers. 

Chieftain,  1  rfhlf'tin;  2  chef 'tin,  n.    The  head  ol  a  High- 
land clan;  chief;  leader.     [<  I.I      apitant  ,  -    1.  caput, 
carar.     ehlef'taln-cy,  «      The  rank  or 
territory  ol  a  chieftain,    cblef'taln-shlp  . 

rhli-i.  i  riiii;  -j  i-hr-i.  n.  [Scot.]  A  lad;  a  fellow,    chleldt- 

chlf'fon,  l.  \n\  decorative  pan  ..f 

feminine  apparel     '!■  V  very  thin  gauze     [F.j 

chlPfo-nler',  i  shlf'o-nlr';  ■>'.  n.     I.  An  orna- 

mental cabinet.    2.  A  high,  narrow  bureau    [F.] 

i  hi'if nun ',  I  snl*nyfln' or shln'ysi 
a  mil  i if  hair  worn  mi  i in-  back  of  the  head  bj  worn,  n 

chlg'oe,  hlg'o,  n.    \\\ .  in.i  |  1.  A  Qea  of  thi 

The  female  burrows  under  the 
skin,  as  of  the  feel    2    Boui  I  V  mite  with  similar 

habits,    chlg'gerj;  chlg'ret;  chlg'ua 

Chlbll,  1  i'lii  \  pro\  Ince  (115  830  sq.  m.;  pop. 

20.937, .  \    E.  China.     Gulf  of  C,  Strait  of  C,  gull 

and  strait  In  N.  w  i  hlna. 

Chl-hua'bua,  1  elil-wfi'wo;  2  chl-wa'wa,  n  \  Mexican  state 
sr  802   .iii.  i».,     "  pltal  (pop  39 

chll'blaln,  ]   dhiTbleh;   2  chll'blan,  n       \   blain  of  the 
hands  or  feet,  from  exposure  to  cold     t-lt ill  'l>l;» ■  r : 
lid,  t*.    To  deliver  In  childbirth. 

child,  n.  [riui.'w.KN',  1  chil'dren;  2  chU'dren,  /./ ]  1.  A 
human  offspring,  considered  with  reference  to  parenl  or 
pur -m  -      ;.   \  d  ny  degree.     3.  A  person 

between  infancy  and  youth     !.  i.  childish  person.     [AS. 

cilil.]  child 'bed",  n.  The  state  of  being  in  la!. or  .>r  con- 
fined to  bed  as  the  result  ol  It.  child 'birth",  n.  Parturi- 
tion; travail  child  '  =  bcar"iiig:.  Child'bood,  n.  The 
Btatci  [achlld      cblld'ingO,a.  Cblld«bearlng; 

hence,   rruli  ehlld'teh,  a  dren  oi 

Infantile,  In- 
trlvlal.    child- 
•    I  her  ".  the  lesB 
.ut.:  bold, 
n  us,  i  Irlle 
chllu'l  h-1   .  child 'Isn-ness,  n     childless,  a. 

-h  .  -ness,  i,      child 'like",  a. 

flding:  docile,     childly*.    Syn.: 
child 'llke"ness,  n. 
childe,  Ldhaild;  2  child,  n.    A  youth  ol  gentle  blood,  espe- 
cially as  in  training  for  knighthood     child:. 
Chi'h-,  !  i'le.  "      v  '■  P  92,580  sq   m.;  pop. 

nnii.  -a.      fill  'II  J. — 
</iil'.-an.       A         (iill'i-an:. 
chll'l-ad,  1  kll'i-ad;  2  ellM-fid,  n.    A  thousand;  specifically,  a 
I  ,,f  :,  chousi  ■  millennium.    [<  L.  c/iili- 

i  and. | 

ehli'l-arch,  1  kil'i-ark;  2  ell'i-ai  immander  of  a 

thousand  men  i  '         '     ■     :h|     I    u:'  "08.1 

chill,  I  1  dhil;  2  chll,  v.    I.  (.    1.  To  reduce  to  a  I 
liii  .     peratur     make  chilly;  di  -■      '   '■•'    '}  » 

nly  for  the  purpose  oi  hardening.    II.  i.    To 
become  ..r  feel  unpleasantly  cold.  ,     , 

Chill.      I.    "  '''.V-    "r   injuriously 

'  ' ' KSK-  ,  ■  ,  J 

II.         i.  ol  cold,  as  that  which  precedes  a 

.1.  \  metal  mold 
to  chill  the  surface  of  iron  cast  therein.     |<  AS.  dele, 
,.,;  ,  'i  -i  a;  .  mi  i.'i-i  -i  !    Producing  or 

r,.,.i ,  ,  hlil'1-Iy,  chill  1-ness,». 

phll'll.  ]  i."      [CHIL'LrBS*,  pi.]    The  acrid  red  pod 

or  fruit  of  certain  peppers,  as  of  the  capsicum,  much  used  as 

a  «)„  chilli.]    chll'et;  cbll'lt;  chll'ly:. 

chilli  rlnegar,  a  sauce  of  vinegar  flavored  with  chillies. 

('hiT'lon',  1  jhl'yen';  2  etaTydn',  a.  An  ancient  castle,  Lake 
of  Geneva;  the  subject  of  Byron's  Prisoner  o/ChUlon. 


1:3  =  final;    l  =  habit;    aisle;    ail  =  out;    eil;    lQ  =  fewd;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sing;    Chin,   this.  .fn®Vy 

153       2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.       Chivalry 


chi'lo-,  1  kai'Io-;  2  ci'lo-.  From  Greek  cheilos,  lip:  a  combining 
form.  chei'lo-J. — Chi-log'na-tha,  re.  pi.  Entom.  A  divi- 
sion of  myriapods.  [+  Gr.  gnalhos,  jaw.] — chi'log-nath, 
chl-log'na-than,  n. — chi-log'na-thous,  a. — Chi-Iop'o- 
da,  re.  pi.  Entom.  A  subclass  or  other  division  of  myriapods 
with  numerous  legs,  including  centipeds,  etc.  [+  Gr.  pous, 
foot.]— chi'lo-pod,  chl-lop'o-dan,  a.  &  re. 

chi-ni<e'ra,  re.    Same  as  chimera.  [chimbet. 

chimb,  1  cTiaim;  2  chim,  o.  &  re.     Same  as  chime2,  v.  &  re. 

Chim"bo-ra'zo,  1  eTiim"bo-rd'zo;  2  chlm"bo-rii'zo,  re.  A 
mountain  peak  (20,498  ft.),  and  province  (5,544  sq.  m.;  pop. 
122,000),  in  Ecuador. 

chime1,  1  cTiaim;  2  chim.  I.vt.&vi.  [chimed;  chim'ing.] 
To  ring  musically;  sound  melodiously;  harmonize;  agree. 
n.  n.    A  set  of  bells  tuned  to  a  scale;  harmony;  agree- 
ment,    f  <  AS.  cimbal,  <  L.  cymbalum;  see  cymbal.] 
Syn.:  (verb)  see  assent. 

chime'-,  \  I.  vt.    To  make  a  chime  in  (a  stave,  etc.).    II.  n. 

chimb,  S  1'  The  edge  or  brim  of  a  cask,  barrel,  or  tub.  2. 
A  channel  in  a  vessel's  deck.    [Of  AS.  origin.] 

chi-me'ra,  /  1  ki-[or  kai-]ml'ra;  2  ei-[or  ci-]me'ra,  n.    1. 

chi-mae'ra,  \  An  absurd  and  groundless  fancy.  2.  [C-  or 
c-]  A  mythical  fire=breathing  monster.  [<  Gr.L  chi- 
maira,  <  chimairos,  he  goat.] — chl-mer'1-oal,  a.  Like  a 
chimera;  impracticable;  visionary,  chi-mer'ict.  Syn.:  see 
absurd;  fanciful;  imaginary;  romantic— chi-nier'i- 
cal-ly,  adv. 

chl-mere',  1  stii-mlr';  2  chi-mer',  re.  The  sleeveless  upper 
robe  of  a  bishop.  [<  Sp.  chamarra,  shepherds'  sheepskin 
coat.] 

Chim'ney,  1  cliim'm;  2  chim'ny,  n.  1.  A  flue  for  the 
smoke  or  gases  from  a  fire;  a  structure  containing  it,  or 
something  resembling  such  a  structure.  2.  A  tube  for 
enclosing  a  flame,  as  of  a  lamp.  [  <  F.  cheminee,  <  LL. 
caminata,  fireplace,  <  Gr.  baminos,  furnace.] — chim'ney- 
plece",  re.  A  mantelpiece. — chim'ney=pot",  n.  A  pipe  on 
the  top  of  a  chimney,  to  improve  the  draft.  —  C.=S  wallow,  re. 
1.  [U.  S.]  The  chimney=swift.  2.  The  European  swallow. — 
c.=sweep,  re.  One  who  cleans  chimneys,  especially  by  the 
old  method  of  ascending  the  flue,  c.ssweepert.. — c.sswift, 
re.    A  swift  that  builds  a  nest  in  chimneys. 

Chim-pan'zee,  1  c\him-pan'zi ;  2  ctum-pan'ze,  n.    A  West* 
African    arboreal     anthropoid    ape, 
about  5  feet  in  height.     [Angola.] 

chin,  1  cTiin;  2  chin,  n.  The  central 
and  anterior  part  of  the  lower  jaw. 
[  <  AS.  cin  (orig.  'cheek').] 

CMn.,abhr.    China,  Chinese. 

Chi'na,  1  dhoi'na;  2  chr'na,  n.  1. 
The  S.  E.  division  of  the  Chinese 
Republic;  1,532,420  sq.  m.;  pop. 
407,253,030.  2.  [Colloq.]  The  Chi- 
nese Republic.  3.  [c-]  Porcelain  or 
porcelain=ware  (originally  from 
China),  chi'na-ware"l.  —  Chi'na-  chimpanzee.  1/zi 
man,  re.  [-men,  pl.\  One  of  the  Chi- 
nese.— China  sea,  part  of  Pacific  ocean  between  China 
and  the  Philippine  Islands.  [kapin. 

Chln'ea-pln,  1  ehir/ka-pin;  2  chln'ea-pln,  n.    Same  as  chin- 

ehlnch,  1  (Jhindh;  2  chinch,  n.  1.  A  bug  destructive  to 
grain.    2.  The  bedbug.    [  <  L.sp  cimex,  bug.] 

Chin-chil'la,  1  eTun-chil'a;  2'ohin-chll'a,  n.  [S.  Am.]  1. 
The  soft,  pearly»gray  fur  of  a  squirrel'like  rodent  of  the 
Andes.  2.  A  woolen  imitation  of  it.  3.  The  rodent 
Itself.    [Sp.]  [cough. 

chln'=couKh",l  (thiii,=kof";2chin'=c6f",re.  [Dial]  Whooping- 

Chine1, 1  tihuin;  2  chin,  n.  The  spine,  back-bone,  or  back; 
a  piece  of  meat  from  the  back.  [<  OF.  eschine,  back» 
bone,  <  oik  ;.   /  Ina,  needle.] 

Chine2,  re.    Same  as  CHIME2. 

chine3,  re.    1.  A  deep  or  narrow  ravine  or  fissure.    2t.  A  crack; 

chink.    [<  AS.  cinu,  <  clnan,  crack.] 
Chl-nese',  1  chai-nls';  2  chl-nes'.    I.  a.    Of  or  pertaining; 

to  the  Chinese  Republic  or  China.   II.  n.  sing.  &  pi.   1. 

A  native  or  naturalized  inhabitant  of  China.    2.  The 

language  "i  '  Ihina 
Chl-nese'  Be-pub'llC.    A  former  empire  In  I'..  Asia,  includ- 
ing ( ihlna,  Manchuria,  Mongolia,  Tibet,  and  E.  Turkestan; 

about  4,273,000  sq.  m  ;  pop.  433,500,000;  capital,  Peking, 
chink',  1  chink;' 2  chink.    V.  rl.    To  make  a  chink.    II.  n. 

A  short,  sharp,  metallic  sound.    [Imitative.] 
chink2.    K.vt.&vi.    I.  To  open  in  chinks;  crack.    2.  To 

(ill,  aa  chinks      II.  ".     A  long,  narrow  cleft;  crevice. 

[<AS.  clnu.  chink. I      Syn.:  sec  BREACH. 
— chink'y,  <;.    lull  or  chinks, 
chln'ka-pln,  l  chlg'ks-pin;  2  chlo'ka-pln,  ».    Either  of  two 

trees  of  I  he  I    nitcrl  I  late   ,  or  their  edible  nuts      [■     Am.  Ind. 
Chech tnquam1n.\    chln'ea-pln  I ;  chln'ruia-pliil. 
Chln"kl-ang\  1  chuVkMrj';  2  ohra'kl-ftng',  n.    A  manufac 
turlng  city  and  treaty  port,  -,r  E,  China,  on  the  Xangtze 
river;  pop.  184,000. 


cbints,  1  cTiints;  2  chints,  re.  A  cotton  fabric  printed  with 
designs  of  flowers,  etc.,  in  colors.  [<  Hind,  chint, 
<  Sans,  chitra,  variegated.]    chintz}. 

Chi 'os,  1  kai'es;  2  ci'os,  re.  An  island  In  the  ^Egean  sea;  re- 
puted birthplace  of  Homer. — Chi 'an,  a. 

chip,  1  diip;  2  chip,  v.   [chipped',  chipt8;  chip'ping.]    I. 


II. 


To 


Chipmunk 


t.     To  break  off  a  chip  from;  break  open 
scale  off.     [<  chop1.] 

chip,  re.  1.  A  small  piece  cut  or  broken  off.  2.  A  small 
disk  or  counter  used  in  games. 

chip'munk,  1  cTup'munk;  2  chlp'munk,  n.     [Am.  Ind.] 
A  North=American  squirreHike  ro- 
dent   with     stripes    on     the  back. 
chip'muckt;    chip  'ping  =squir"- 
relj;  ground'5.squir"relt. 

chi-poch'i-at,    re.     A   fool;   dolt,    ca- 
pocch'i-af. 

chip 'per,  1  cltip'ar;  2  chip'er,  a.  [V.  S.] 
Brisk;  hearty;  sprightly. 

Chip'pe-wa,  1  chip'i-we;    2  chip'c-wa, 
n.     One  of  a  tribe  of  North=American 
Indians  of  the  Algonkin  stock,  formerly  inhabiting  the  re- 
gions around  Lake  Superior.    Chip'pe-wayl;  O-jib'wayl. 

chip'ping  spar'row.  A  small  common  sparrow  of  E.  North 
America,  with  chestnut>red  cap.    chip'ping  birdt. 

chip'py,  1  cTiip't;  2  chip'y,  n.  1.  The  chipping  sparrow.  2.  A 
squirrel  or  chipmunk:  so  called  by  children. 

chir-,      /  1  kir-,  kai'ro-;   2  cir-,  ci'ro-.     From  Greek  cheir, 

chl'ro-,  i  hand:  combining  forms,  chelr-t;  chel'ro-f. — 
chi-ra'gra,  n.     Gout  in  the  hand.     [+  Gr.  agra,  seizure.] 

chirm,  1  cliurm;  2  chirm,  [Scot,  or  Dial.  Eng.]  I.  si.  To  war- 
ble, as  birds;  twitter;  hum.  II.  n.  Low  warbling.  [<  AS. 
cirm,  noise.] 

chi'ro-graph,  chi'ro-grafp,  re.  1.  A  legal  paper  executed  in 
part  and  counterpart.  2.  An  autograph  charter  or  instru- 
ment. [<  Gr.  cheir,  +  grapho,  write.] — chi-rog'ra-phcr, 
re.  One  who  makes  a  business  of  writing  or  copying. — chl"- 
ro-graph 'ic,  a.  chi"ro-graph 'i-cal t.— chi-rog'ra-phist, 
re.  A  copyist. — chi-rog'ra-phy,  chi-rog'ra-fyP,  n.  Style 
or  character  of  handwriting. — chi-rol'o-gy,  re.  1.  The  art 
of  speaking  by  signs  made  with  the  hand  and  fingers.  2. 
The  study  of  the  hand.  [+  -LOGY.]— chi"ro-!og 'i-cal,  a. — 
chi-rol'o-gist,  re.— chi'ro-maii"cy,  re.  Palmistry.  [  + 
Gr.  manteia,  divination.] — chi'ro-man"cer,  n.  chi'ro- 
inantt. 

Chi'ron,  1  kai'ran;  2  ci'ron,  re.  Gr.  Myth.  Wisest  of  the  cen- 
taurs.    Chei'ront  [Gr.]. 

chi-rop'o-dist,  1  kai-rop'o-dist;  2  ci'rop'o-dist,  n.  One 
who  treats  ailments  of  the  hands  and  feet.  [  <  Gr.  cheir, 
hand.  +  pous,  foot.] — chi-rop'o-dy,  n. 

Chi-rop'ter-a,  1  kai-rep'tsr-a;  2  cl-r6p'ter-a,  re.  pi.  Mam. 
An  order  of  mammals;  bats.  [  <  Gr.  cheir,  hand,  +  pteron, 
wing.] 

chirp,  1  difirp;  2  chirp.  I',  v.  To  give  a  chirp.  II.  n.  A 
short,  sharp,  cheerful  sound,  as  made  by  some  birds  and 
insects.     [Imitative.] 

chir'rup,  1  cliir'up;  2  chir'up.  I',  vt.  &  vi.  To  chirp  with 
a  sustained  note.     II.  re.     A  chirp;  a  cheery  sound.     [< 

CHIRP.] 

chl-rur'geon||,  1  kai-rur'jan;  2  cT-rur'gon,  re.    A  surgeon. — 

chi-rur'ger-y,  n. — chi-rur'gl-cal,  a. 
chis'el,  1  dhiz'el;  2  ohls'el.     I.  vt.     [chis'eled  or  chis- 
elled, chis'eld8;  chis'el-ing  or  chis'- 

el-ling.]  To  cut,  engrave,  or  carve,  as 

with    a    chisel.     II.  re.     A    CUtting»tool 

with  a  beveled  edge,  used  for  mortising, 

etc.     [<LL,  cisellum,  forceps.] 
Chi'shi-ma,  1  clii'slil-mo;  2  clu'shi'-mii,  n. 

Same  as  Kuril  Islands. 
Chit,  1  cTilt;  2  chit,  v.  \vh\t'tf,\v\\  chit'ting.] 

I.  t.    To  remove  the  sprouts  from.    II.  1. 

To  sprout,  as  a  seed  or  plant. 
chit,   1  chit;  2  chit,  it.     A  girl  or  young 

woman  regarded  as  little  more    than  a 

child.    [Cp,  cat',  kitten.] 
chlf'chat",  a.    Careless,  familiar  talk 
chi'tln,  1  kal'tin  or  klt'm;  2  el'tln  or  clt'ln, 

M.     A  colorless  hard  amorphous  compound      , 
that-  forms  the  principal  Constituent   ot  the,;,,,,, 

bard  Covering    of    Insects   and    enislaceans.fi »ra'    oblael 

[<  Fr.  chitine,  <  Gr.  chittm,  tunic  |     ilil'-  '  ''  '  •'      uuld# 

(l-no.is,  a. 

Chi 'ton,  1  koi'tan;  2  el'ton,  re.  A  gown  or  tunic  worn  by 
the  ancient   ( Ireeks.      [Gr.] 

chit'ter-lings,  1  chlt/ar-ln.)/,:  2  Chlt'er-llngS,  ".  pi.    The  small 

Intestli f  pigs  or  calves  prepared  for  eating  or  as  casings 

for  sausages.     [I  'p.  C.l.n'l,  In.  en!  rails.  |    chid  'lings! ;  chit  - 

chiv'al-ry,  1  shiv'.-l-n;  2  ehiv'al  ry,  n.     I.  The  knightly 

„,    ,,i    feudal    tunes.     ";.  I  ii  interested   oourtesy; 

bravery;  magaanimity.    3.  A  body  of  knights,  warriors, 


2 

<  ihlsels. 

Beveled  -  i-ilito 


rlihr  j    „  In    l|».   la  I.  I  ,nt,flr;   full,  rOtc;    I. lit.  hftrn; 

,  ■      i         l-e;  I-  6;gO,  not,  Or,  »6n,       lft4 

rboke,         i  .'.   i 

gun 

I  i  hllkl       I  ill'     . 

.  hul  a-gog.  I   purga- 

rhol   t-gogue,  at  rvacuaUoni  of  bile.     |-     <.r 

ding  1 

rhol   ■  r.  I.  Heal    m. I  1,  ,    i  in,  u  of  tem- 

M,ii  1 1!  v  |  Svn  :  gee  >\,,i  ii 

1    .  i  - 1 .  .  I  .,  -I.  .    ;  ...    ii,, l 

rhol  i  r-.»,  L  kol'oi  1.  An  acute 

epidi  latatlc  cholera;.   '.'.   \ 

1 1  pidemic   cholera  morbuat. 

I  i.       ehotara  lafanhun,  the  ehole- 

t  Infanta;  lummer  oomplalnt.    ehol'e-ea'li .  . 

rhol  ■  r-inr,  l  kol'sr-ln  or  -in.  2  eol'eMn  ot  -In,  a.    I.  The 

'  epidemic  cholera.    2.  a  mild  form  of  cholera. 

rliol    I,  .  hi,     M  I  "III". 

rhon  iiroiii.  i  i Mr.iid.  g  eon'drold,  a.    Resembling  cartt- 

form  ) 
Chon-dros'te~l,  l  kan-drea'te-al;  l'  eon-aroa'te  I,  n   pi    left. 
a  group  of  Oahea,  a-  the  sturgeons.    |  •    <.r  chondTt 

bone.]     rlioii-ilros'ti-aii,  a    a    m 

choose,]       •     .'  [chosb,  chos'en.chos'- 

.  I,,  ,,,,'in,.  |     ]', i  taki-  by  preferanoe;  select;  make 
[ME  chvaen,cke*m,  <  As    ■  -  on  |    cIuimm. 

■  i ■  vr.  n. 

Sin:  run.  elect)  pick,  pick  out,  prefer,  m 
Indicates  a  state  of  desire  and  approval;  choote,  an  aoi  of 

will.    Prudent rgeneroalt]  ma]  lead i  to  ehoott  what 

be  c i ■  ■•  Implies  a  careful  consideration  of 

tin-  reasons  for  preference  and  oholoe.    Among  obji 
nearl)  :i 1 1 k«-  that  we  nave  no  reason  to  one  i" 

another,  are  ma]  shnpl]  choa  i  the  nearest,  but  we  oould  not 
■  i  to  teled  ii.    Aside  from  theology,  elect  in  popularly 
confined  to  the  political  sense;  as,  a  tree  people  dad  their  own 

rulers,     lull,  from  the  l.atln  COUU/tTt,  commonly  means  to 

collect,  as  well  as  to  ttU  u.    En  a  garden  we  cull  the  cholcesi 

Dowers.    To  pics  Is  tocnoMt  ror  special  Dtneas;  as,  a  guard 

I , ,/  men;  chosen.  In  this  sense,  la  somewhat  archaic. 

Ant.:  cast  away,  oasl  out,  decline,  disclaim,  dismiss,  leave. 
reject,  repudiate,  throw  aside. 

chop1,  l  chop;  2  ohop,  < .  [choppxd1,  chopt8;  CHOP'pora  1 
I.  f .  1.  To  out  or  make  bj  strokes  of  a  sharp  tool;  bew; 
mince.  2.  To  chap.  3.  To  utter  jerkily.  II.  i.  1.  To 
make  cutting  strokes.  2.  To  interrupt  abruptly.  3.  To 
crack  open;  split.  [<  V  of  MI),  koppen,  <;  happen, 
cut.)  Synj  see  cut.— cli»p'<log"lr,  n.  1.  llalr-splltiliiK 
argument.     2.  A  contentious,  argumentative  person. 

chop",  r.  I.  ( .  To  barter :  exchange.  II.  i.  To  veer  sud- 
ly.    [<  D.  koopen,  cheapen.] 

chop1,  n.  1.  A  cut  of  meat,  as  of  mutton,  usually  con- 
taming  a  rib.  2.  Coarsely  ground  or  broken  grain.  3. 
A  cleft  "T  fissure.  4.  An  act  of  chopping  or  a  tool  for 
chopping 

chops  n.  I.  A  jaw;  in  the  plural,  the  parts  about  the 
mouth.  2.  A  movable  jaw  of  a  carpenter's  bench«vise. 
I  <  Ice.  tiaptr.) 

chop1,  n.  An  oPlrlal  stamp  or  seal  In  India,  China,  etc. 
Hence:  (1)  A  clearance,  passport,  or  permit.  (2)  Brand  or 
quality.    [<  Hind.  chhUp,  stamp.] 

cbop'faflen,  a.    Same  as  i  bapi  ai.len. 

chop-house"1,  n.    An  eating-house. 

rhop' 'house"1,  n.     A  Chinese  customhouse. 

chop  in  |,  l  cTiop'in;  2  ch6p'ln.  n.  1.  A  drlnklng»vessel  of 
earthenware.  2.  a  liquid  measure  varying  from  hall  a  pint 
to  a  quart.    [<  F.  choplne.  a  liquid  measure.  <  <;.  schoppen.] 

<  ho' pin'  ,  l  Jho*paA';2  cho'pah'.  Frederic  F.  (1809-1849). 
OOmpOSer  and  pianist;  In  Paris  from  1832. 

rho-plne',  1  elio-pln'  or  chnp'in;  2  cho-pin'  or  chrtp'ln,  n.  A 
high  clog  worn  under  a  shoe.  [<  Sp.  chapin,  clog,  <  chapa, 
plate  of  metal.]    eho-pln't;  ebop-plne't. 

(Imp 'per,  1    dhep'ar;  -   chSp'er,  n.     One  who  or  that 

winch  chops. 
chop 'ping,  1   ehop'in;  2  chop'ing,  pa.     I.  Shifting  sud- 
denly, as  wind.    2.  Full  of  short,  broken  waves.    3||. 
strapping;  bouncing. 
ehop'py,  1  rfhop'i;  2  chfip'y,  a.    [-fi-eb;  -pi-est  ]    1.  Full 
.'.      ill  of  short  rough  waves.    3.  Variable; 
wind. 

Chop'   -ticks",  1  rfhep'  -tiks";    2  chop'* 

Slender   rod-,    as   oi 
ivory,  used  in  pairs,  in  China,  Japan, 
oonvej  food   to  the  mouth. 
rr.  <if  Chin,  tih,  quick)  + 
n  I 
<liop":su'ey,   1    dhep"*su'i;   2  ch6p"« 
;  i     B.]  <  'oolu  ry     A  dish  con- 
•    i    ''  wed  or  tried  chicken  or  pork,  rice,  noodles, 
vegetables,  and  sesame'seeds,  served  in  its  own  juice. 
I  -'  •  itoi'1  +  Chin,  sui,  bits.] 


,  hli i     -u  ir    Hi 

,  till    ,  > 

■      J 

1   klam'i- 

tuabi  up 

-     uul  tumrmrli. 
\ 

rblo'ral  h>  '- 


.  hi,,   r  .■■ 

rlil,,  lid,  chl..  rl.l.  . 

■  ,,r  rmdlral 

.  hloroni  arid 

' 

as.     [  < 

MS.] 

I  Mtd 

II. 

iter,  and  rhlo- 
i  hlorli  etlnr. 

-'.<  I.  n      Tl 

in  plants.    [  < 
leaf.] 
j.-.  ah  Hodgea    IS  >j-i»17).    An 

l  ■         i     ■  •     •  a    Ige  i    tightly. 

I  ■  vent  or  limn  ino- 

d  to  a 

i  hOCk  '   .1    Moc  k". 

.j  uuiU  aj  the  blocks  will  permit:  abso- 

.    full",  :.,"jk'-fijl*.  a.    Completely 

choke'«full";. 

it       I.  a.     Flavored, 

II.  n     A  prepara- 

•  rage  made  from  it.     [< 

•  f  a  tribe  of  American 
a  the  Mobile  and  Mississippi 


rl 


■  •  '  s  -  r  ]     1 . 
! 

i  boo  e|\,  i  hoiee'ne--. 

S>t.  -  ebrrft*-  nty.  elegant,  i 

'i...-  •..        •    ;  ■ ».- :   ; -•    .    is,  -.vr. .  ^i.-r-t.    Bee  wxctu- 
'   -     -     ■  iean.  ordinary. 
poer.  valuetsaa.  worthlras      8ee  synonyms  for  I 
1 

hich  is 
eho-  .-..  ty  from  w 

aooee.] 

I  l 

ng.  as  in  a  ,  II.  1.  A 

iron  occupied 

*•    <  BORAL,  n  )     iliolr'- 
»l. 

I.  I.     1. 

! 
make  a  1 1 

- 
Snv_  •-  rhoak*.     rhoke'ber'ry,  n.  A  North* 

*       -     >-    ■'  "  .     •  '■    ■       ■■■.-..      ,.-.,    |u   small   re,|  ,,r 

<ire  of   a   gun 

herr>, 

r.  'damp,  n.    Minino. 

1  teik  .  r.  •.     i .  one  « bo 

or  that  yy  \    large  cravat   worn 

aboa-  >ie,k  >.  a      ichok'i-eb:  '  hok'i-est.|     1. 

ttaOocaun« .  sUflmg     S.  Somewhat  ct,..  >hok'e>:. 


l:a=  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    d  =  81710;   thin,  this.  chive 

155      2:wfllf,  dp;  book,  boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   bum;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.     Chronicle 


cho-ra'gus,  1  ko-re'gus;  2  co-ra'gus,  re.  [-gi,  1  -jal;  2  -gl,  pl\ 
Gr.  Anliq.  The  leader  of  a  chorus,  as  at  the  performance  of 
a  play.  [L.,<  Gr.  chorgos,  <  choros,  chorus,  4-  ago,  lead] 
cho-re'gusj. — cho-rag'ic,  a.     cho-reg'ict. 

Cho  'ral,  1  ko'ral ;  2  eo'ral.  La.  Pertaining  to  a  chorus  or 
a  choir.  II.  1  ko-rdl';  2  co-ral',  re.  Mus.  A  composition 
for  choral  performances,  cho-rale't.  [<  L.  chorus, 
chorus,  <  Gr.  choros,  dance.]— cho 'ral-ly,  adv. 

chordd,  1  k6rd;2  cord,  v.  l.t.  1.  To  furnish  with  chords. 
2.  To  bring  into  accord.  II.  i.  To  be  in  harmony;  accord. 

chord,  re.  1.  Mus.  A  harmonious  combination,  as  of 
musical  tones.  2.  A  string  of  a  musical  instrument; 
hence,  sensibility  or  emotion.  3.  Math.  A  straight  line 
connecting  the  extremities  of  an  arc.  4.  Engin.  One  of 
the  principal  members  of  a  bridge=truss,  commonly 
horizontal  and  intension.  5.  Anat.  A  cord;  tendon.  [< 
L.    chorda,  <  Gr.  chords,  string  of  a  musical  instrument.] 

chore,  1  clior;  2  chor,  n.  [V.  S.  &  Prov.  Eng.]  A  small  job; 
commonly,  in  the  plural,  the  routine  duties  of  a  house,  etc. 
[  <  AS.  cerr.] 

cho-re'a,  1  ko-ri'a;  2  co-re'a,  re.  Pathol.  A  nervous  affection 
characterized  by  involuntary  muscular  twitchings;  St. 
Vitus's  dance.    [L.,  <  Gr.  chorda  (<  choros),  dance.] 

Cho'rl-on,  1  ko'n-an;  2  co'ri-on,  n.  [-ri-a,  pi.]  Embryol. 
The  external  membrane  that  invests  the  fetus  of  the  higher 
vertebrates  and  attaches  it  to  the  uterus.  [<  Gr.  chorion, 
membrane.] 

cho'rist,  1  ko'rist  or  ker'ist;  2  co'rist  or  c6r'ist,  n.  A  member 
of  a  chorus. — cho-ris'tlc,  a. 

chor'is-ter,  1  ker'is-tar;  2  cor'is-ter,  n.  1.  A  member  of  a 
choir.    2.  [U.  S.]  A  musical  director. 

chorlet,  re.    Same  as  churl. 

cho 'ro-graph, )  1  ko'ro-graf;  2  eo'ro-graf,  re.     A  surveying" 

cho'ro-grafp,  5  instrument  for  determining  position.  [<Gr. 
chorographos,  describing  countries,  <  choros,  country;  and 
see  -graph.] — oho-rog'ra-pher,  re. — cho"ro-graph'lc  or 
-l-cal,  a. — cho"ro-graph'i-eal-ly,  adv. — cho-rog'ra-phy, 
cho-rog'ra-fyp,  re.  The  delineation  or  mapping  of  regions, 
particularly  ancient  localities. 

cho'rold,  1  ko'reid;  2  eo'roid,  a.  Resembling  the  chorion: 
specifically  said  of  highly  vascular  membranes.  [<  Gr. 
choroeides,  <  chorion,  membrane;  and  see  -oid.] — choroid 
coat,  the  middle  or  vascular  tunic  of  the  eyeball. 

Chor'tle,  1  elter'tl;  2  chor'tl,  vi.  [Colloq.]  To  chuckle  or  make 
a  loud  noise  expressive  of  joy.  [A  combination  of  chuckle 
and  snort,  invented  by  Lewis  Carroll,  in  Through  the  Look- 
ing-glass.] 

cho'rus,  1  kS'rus;  2  co'riis,  n.  1.  A  song,  or  the  refrain  of 
a  song,  for  several  voices.  2.  The  body  of  singers  who 
perform  choral  parts.  3.  Gr.  Antiq.  A  company  of 
masked  men  or  boys  who  in  tragedies  and  comedies 
sang  choral  songs  expressing  the  sentiments  evoked  by 
the  action.  [L.;  see  choral,  a.] — cho'ric,  a.  Relating 
to  a  chorus. 

chose,  1  Choz;  2  chos,  imp.  of  choose,  v. 

chose,  1  slioz;  2  ch6§,  n.  Law.  Anything  that  is  personal 
property.    [F.,  <  LL.  cosa,  causa,  thing,  <  L.  causa,  cause.] 

cho'sen,  1  cbo'zn;  2  cho'.sn,  pp.  of  choose,  v. 

Cho"sen',  1  (5h5"sun';  2  cho"sun',  n.  A  state  and  peninsula 
(84.421  sq.  m.;  pop.  13.461,000)  of  E.  Asia;  Japanese  since 
1910,  known  before  then  as  Korea. 

chough,  )  1  <5huf;  2  chuf,  re.     1.  A  crow=like  bird,  espe- 

Chufp,  \  cially  the  red*legged  or  Cornish  crow  with 
black  plumage  and  red  beak  and  feet.  2.  A  jackdaw. 
[<  AS.  cio;  imitative  of  its  cry.] 

choult,  n.    Same  as  jowl,    choulet. 

chouse,  1  cTiaus;  2  chous.  It.  v.  To  cheat ;  swindle.  II.  n. 
1.  A  trick;  fraud.  2.  A  sharper;  swindler.  [<  Turk. 
ch&ush,  <  Ar.  khas,  noble.] 

choush,  1  <<hausTi;2  choush,  n.  [Turk]  A  sergeant  at  arms 
official  messenger. 

chow,  1  cliau;  2  chow,  n.  [Chin.]  A  breed  of  dogs  of  northern 
China. 

chow'=chow",  1  cTictu'=cbau";  2 
chow'«chow",  n.  [PidginrEng.l 
A  mixture,  as  a  pickle  of  mixed 
vegetables  and  mustard;  a 
medley. 

chow'der,  1  cbau'dar;  2  chow'- 
der,  n.  1.  A  stew  of  clams  or 
fish  with  salt  pork,  vegetables, 
crackers,  etc.  2.  A  picnic, 
usually  on  the  seashore,  where 
chowder  is  served.  [Perhaps 
<  F.  chaudiire,  kettle.] 

chow'ry,  1  cliau'n;  2  chow'ry,  re. 

[chow'riesz,   pi.]    [E.   Ind.]     A   flyflapper  or  whisk:  for- 
merly a  symbol  of  royalty  in  Asia. 

Chr.,  abbr.  Christ,  Christian  Christina,  Christopher.— chr., 
abbr.     Chrestomathy. 


Chow. 


Chres"tlen'  de  Troyes,  1  krg'tyah'  da  trwa;  2  cre"tyan'  de 
trwa  (1140?-1191?).  A  French  romantic  poet;  developed 
the  Arthurian  legends.    Chre"t!en'  de  Troyes. 

chrism,  1  krizm;  2  crism,  re.  A  consecrated  ointment  in  Greek 
and  Roman  Catholic  churches;  an  anointing.  [<  Gr. 
cltrlsma,  <  chrio,  anoint.] — chrls'mal,  a. — cliris'ma-to- 
ry.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  chrism.  II.  n.  A  vessel  for 
chrism. — chrls'om,  re.  A  baptismal  or  christening  robe. — 
chris 'om=chlld",  re.    An  innocent  or  blessed  babe. 

Christ,  1  kraist;  2  crlst,  ?i.  The  Anointed;  the  Messiah;  a 
title  of  Jesus.  [  <  Gr.  Christos,  orig.  pp.  of  chrio, 
anoint.]— Chrlst'less,  a.— Chrlst'llkc",  a.     Chrlst'Iyt. 

Chrtst'church,  1  kraist'cliurcTi;  2  crist'ehurch,  re.  A  city  of 
southern  New  Zealand;  pop.  86,000. 

Chris 'ten,  1  kris'n;  2  crls'n,  vt.  1.  To  name  in  or  as  in 
baptism.  2.  To  administer  baptism,  especially  infant 
baptism,  to.  [  <  L.A8  christianus;  see  Christian,  a.] — 
Chris 'ten-dom,  re.  Christian  lands,  or  Christians  collec- 
tively; the  Christian  world. 

Chris  'Man,  1  kris'eban;  2  cris'chan.  I.  a.  1.  Relating  to 
or  derived  from  Christ  or  his  doctrine.  2.  Professing  or 
following  the  religion  of  Christ.  II.  n.  1.  A  disciple  of 
Christ.  2.  Loosely,  one  of  a  nation  where  Christianity 
prevails;  a  civilized  person;  a  human  being.  [<  Gr. 
christianos,  <  Christos;  see  Christ.] — Christian  name,  a 
baptismal  name:  distinguished  from  surname. — C.  Science, 
a  system  of  moral  and  religious  instruction  founded  upon 
principles  formulated  by  Mary  Baker  G.  Eddy  (d.  1910), 
and  combined  with  a  method  of  treating  disease  mentally. 
— Chrls"ti-an'l-ty,  re.  1.  The  Christian  religion.  2.  The 
state  of  being  a  Christian.— Chris'tian-lze  or  -lse,  v. — 
Chrls"tlan-l-za'[or  -sa']t!on,  re.— Chris'tian-lz"cr  or 
-ls"er,  n. 

Chris"ti-a'nl-a,  1  kris"ti-a'ni-a;  2  crls"ti-a'ni-a,  n.  The  sea- 
port capital  (pop.  244,000)  of  Norway. 

Chrls-tl'na,  1  kris-tl'na;  2  eris-ti'na,  re.  Daughter  of  Gusta- 
vus  Adolphus  (1626-1689);  queen  of  Sweden,  1632-1654. 

Christ  'mas.  1  kns'mas;  2  cris'mas,  n.  The  25th  of  De- 
cember, celebrated  as  the  anniversary  of  the  birth  of 
Christ.  [<  Christ -f- mass,  religious  service.]  Christ  '- 
mas=tide"t.— Chrlst'massbox",  re.  1.  A  box  of  Christ- 
mas gifts  sent  to  an  absent  person.  2.  [Colloq.,  Gt.  Brit.] 
A  gift  of  money  made  at  Christmas. 

Chris-tol'o-gy,  1  kris-tel'o-ji;  2  cris-tol'o-gy,  re.  The 
branch  of  theology  that  treats  of  the  person  and  attri- 
butes of  Christ.     [<  Christ  +  -ology.] 

chrom-,  )  1  krem-,  kro'ma-,  kro'ma-to-;  2  cr6m-.  cr6'- 

chro'ma-,        >  ma-,    ero'ma-to-.      From    Greek    chroma(t-), 

chro'ma-to-, )  color:  combining  forms  denoting  some  rela- 
tion to  color  and  also  the  presence  of  chromium. 

Chro'ma,  1  kro'ma;  2  ero'ma,  re.  Color^intenslty;  the  degree 
of  departure  from  white.    [L.,  <  Gr.  chroma,  surface,  color.] 

chro'mate,  1  kro'met;  2  cro'mat,  re.  Chem.  A  salt  of  chromic 
acid. 

chro-mat'ic,  1  kro-mat'ik;  2  cro-mat'ic,  o.  1.  Pertaiiv 
ing  to  color.  2.  Mus.  Proceeding  by  semitones.  [  < 
Gr.  chromad-),  color]  chro-mat'1-calt.— chro-mat'lcs, 
re.  1.  The  science  of  colors.  2.  pi.  Chromatic  tones  or 
intervals. 

chrome,  1  krom;  2  crom,  re.  1.  A  yellow  pigment  from  lead 
chromate.  2.  Chromium.  [F.,<  Gr.  chroma,  color,  <  chroia. 
skin.] 

chro'mi-um,  1  kro'mi-nm;  2  cro'mi-um,  n.  Chem.  A 
grayish=white  metallic  element.  See  element.  [  <  Gr. 
chroma:  see  chrome.]— chro'mlc,  a.  Pertaining  to  chro- 
mium, especially  in  its  higher  valence.— chro'mous,  a. 
Of  or  pertaining  to  chromium  in  Its  lower  valence. 

chro'mo,  1  kro'mo;  2  cro'mo,  re.  A  chromolithograph. 
See  chrom-. 

chro'mo-,  1  kro'mo-;  2  cro'mo-.  A  combining  form.  Same 
as  chrom-.— chro"mo-lith'o-Kraph,  n.  A  print  in 
colors  obtained  by  chromollthography.— chro"mo-ll- 
thog'ra-pher,  re—  chro"mo-llth"o-grapli'l<\  <i.  cliro"- 
mo-li-thog'ra-phy,  re.  The  process  of  lithographic  print- 
ing in  colors.— chro"nio-p!io'to-graph,  re.  A  photograph 
in  colors.— cliro"mo-pho-tog'ra-phy,  re.  Photography 
in  colors.— cliro'nio-spherc,  n.  Astwn.  A  layer  ol  Incan- 
descent red  gas  surrounding  the  sun.— chro'1110-spln'r'lc, 
a.— chro'mo-type,  re.  1.  A  photograph  if  process  In  which 
some  salt  of  chromium  is  the  sensitive  at-'cnt  'Z.  A  chromo- 
lithograph.    3.  A  photograph  In  colors,     cliro'ma-t)  pet. 

Chr  on.,  abbr.  chronicles.— cliron.,  chronol.,  abbr.  Chron- 
ological, chronology. 

chron'le,  1  kron'ik;  2  cron'ic,  a.  Continuing  for  a  long 
period;  inveterate,  as  disease.  [<  Gr.1-  chronikos,  < 
chronos,  time.]     chron'1-calj. 

chronM-cKe1',  1  kron'i-kl;  2  cron'i-cl.  I.  vt.  [-cl(e)dp; 
-cling.]  To  record.  II.  n.  1.  A  regi  ter  ol  events  in 
the  order  of  time.  2.  Specif.  (C-],  the  two  ( >ld  Test  ament 
books  following  Kinns.  [<  Gr.u+F  chromhn,,  chronic  | 
Syn.:  see  history;  record.—  chron'l-cler,  n. 


i  ..    At ;  full,  rule;  but,  bOrus 

i '       ;  I         l*i  not,  or,  won, 


156 


i  liro-iml  <■- 

.  Mt..- 
•  lit. 

\ 

,   hr.n    ..-in.   I    - 


1,1  II 

1 

.'. 

Mil. 

•an'tln. 
lil     mid 


'»    )rl«.»-    r. 


.il    ,  v-.iii  .Irll.     ; 
-"1  as  u 

Sain  I 


<  bobbed  .      cbub'bl- 


i 

i 

•  in   Calling 

;. 

cbuck'i 

.  hold  a 


I 
rhu.k      full". 


I 

II. 

i  buck  '- 
II 

1 1 . 
mpanion.     [Perhaps    < 


.<-kli 


ilium  Hi) . 
\  iblc, 
i.  I.   \  chunk  ..I  wood 

,  I. .in  of  mutton     Si  [Slant  |  A 
on     I  \ k 1 1 1  i 

\  treat)  port 

■  hunk. 

■  IiiimI,'),    .i. 
i  I     [U.S.]  Sin, n  mill  ilii,  ; 

■  inn,  ii .  i  .  ;-i.  i  :i  church 

h  a  w .  .111:111  for  hi  r 
■  1.  1   .  hildbu tli      II.   n      I.    \   building  for 

J,         I         I        \      ,|l      I  ,|M    I      I  ....  1  \       nl      1 

ition      .'t.    \    , 1   nation: 

collecth  ,'l.v     4.  The  ch  1 11  al  ord<  1 

B.  firty  orbodj      | 

church  'i> . 

.  inn,  ii  in  in.  •.        ••>  1.   \      dhen  nl   or  member 

i.r  :i  1  inn.  churcb '• 

iii.iii-I>.  rlniri  h  iii;iii-s|i||i,   „       1  liunli 'n.ir '1I111, 

I.     '■    I  OfflOO   Ol   all    \  iiL'M<-:ni  rliurrli    lm\  Ing  !  In-  ran-  nl 

and  "f  the  poor.    '■!.  A  long>stemmed  clay 
church 'wo"man,      •■  •>  [-wo*intw, pJ.|    church  ^ 

>:<ni",  n.  The  yani  nr  graveyard  <>f  a  Ohuroh;  a  cemetery. 

(   hUXCh '111,    1    1  linn ii'lul;  2   rlmri-li'hll.    WlnjtOn    Leonard 

Spencer   (1871  I.    A   British  statesman;  lirst  Lord 

he  Admiralty,  1911    1  "• 

<  hurl.  1 ,  ■imrl;  l'  <  1 1  i'i  1 1 .  n.  1.  A  low>bred,  surly  fellow.  2.  A 

iliiirl'- 
lih,  :-    Of  or  like  a  churl;  rude;  sordid.    Synj  see  hauohtx; 
1  hurl 'ish-ij ,  .         churl 'Ish-ness,  n. 
cbiirn,  1  rfhum;  2  churn.    I.  .'  a  m     To  agitate  (oream 
or  milki,  as  in  a  churn;  make  butter  by  churning;  In-  in 
■  i,.n.     II.  a.     A  vessel  in  which  milk  or  cream  is 
1  to  a  :    iiii-  the  oily  globules  and  gather  them 
itter,    [  <  AS.  cyrin.]     churn 'Ing,  n.    Tln'process 
of  churning;  the  butter  churned  al  our  1  Ime. 
churr,  1  chor:  L'  ohur.    [Eng  I   I.  »(.    To  utter  a  low  trill  or 
similar  vlbranl  Bound,  as  a  partridge.    II.  ».    The  "■ 

the  partridge  or  nightjar,  or 
hater. 

Cliu"ru-lill-.'eo.  1  rhirru-lifls'ko;  2  i-lii|"ni-t,i|s'ro,  n.     A  vil- 

i         '  ity,  where  XJ.  S.  defeated  Mei  can  ,1847. 
chute,  1  shut;  2  chut,  n.    An  inclined  trough  from  a 
er  to  a  lower  level     [l    !  as,  etc.    chut'neet. 

1I1111  'ney,  1  ihtit'iu;  2  chut'ny,  n.    A  phiuant  relish  of  fruit, 
ehyeff,  a.  4  n.    Same  as  chief. 

ehyle,  l  kail;  ;  itritlve  milky  fluid  formed  during 

on.    I  <  <  ;r.  chvlos,  ■    1 1 ....  pour.] 

eh> 'II-,  1 1  kal'li-,  eal  •%,<>-.    From  Greek  ehyUu, 

chyle-.  >  chyle,  from  eheO,  pour:  forms.    chy"ll- 

rac'trr(e",  a.    Pertaining  to  d  chy*U-fl-ca'- 

1  inn.  //.     The  formation  ol  chyle.     cby"ll-fac'tlont. 
eh)'ii-f>,  tt.  A  >t.  1-riKn; -Kv"iM..]  To  convert  Into  chyle. 
chj  lous,  a.    1  'f  ur  pertaining  to  chyle. 

Chyme.  1  kaim;  2  eym,  n      ["hi    partlj  digested  food  in 
liquid  iiirm  as  ii   |  a  the  stom- 

ach into  tin-  small  intestines  [  < 
(ir.  chymo  .  juice.]  chy/nil-fy,  1 
[-rum;  -1  1  'ing  I  To  turn  Into  chyme. 
I       -ti]      cl])"ml-!i-ca'tloii,   n.  —  ehy'- 

lll'ills.   II. 

1  h>  in 'hi,    <-li)  in  '   l-.lt,   eliym  '  1st  -  ryt. 

C.  I..  ■  '  ••       ( lalus    Julius,    [Order   ol   the] 
( frown  of  Ii  <  M  .    ''"■.   <  sicero. 

<  Ib'ber,    1  Ib'er,  Colley  (1671  - 

1 7 .". 7 ■ .    An  English  dramatist  and  poel  lau- 
L730). 
elh'ol,    1    ;-ll,'.,l;    2    i.lh'ol,   n.    1.   The   Welsh 
roek'-oii"lon; ; 
-1, ,iii-'  leek"..       '..      I  be    shallot.      [< 

1.1.    a  pvia,  dun     of    L.    cepa, 
1  Ib'bol  • :  clb'oulel. 

1  l-lx,'rl-uiii.    1    si-lin'ri-iiiu.   2  i.i-ho'ri-um,  n. 
[-iii-\,  1.    \  canopy   over  an  aiiar.    2.  A  recep- 

1  the eucbarlst.    [<  Or. kfbOrtim, cup.] 
<l-ea'il.i  2  cl-ea'da,  n.     [-o\>  or  -ua,  pi.]    1.  A 

pteroui     Insecl    that 

prodUl  Orill  sound.     2. 

1  1  or  cricket,   [i-l 
clc'a-trlce,  /  I  2  cle'a- 

clc'a-trls8,  j  trii,-,    11.       A    icar. 

car.]      eic'a- 

trlxt.— clc'a-trlzc    or   -lrl.se, 

[-TRIZEO;    -Tiuz'iNi;  1      To  form  a  sear.— clc"a- 
trt-sa'tlon  or  -va'tion,  n. 
de'e-ly,  1  als'i-b;  2  clc'e-ly.  n.     (-lies^,  pi]    The  common 
name  of  se\  •  of  plants  of  the  parsley  family.    [< 

L.  suelU,  <  Gr.  seselis.] 


<  ilborlum  of 
tin-  Mthccn- 
tury. 


Cicada. 


1:3  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    (Thin;    go;    if  =  sing;    fhrn,   this. 
157       2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


chrono- 
circum- 


Cic'e-ro,  1  sis'i-ro;  2  cic'e-ro,  Marcus  Tullius  (106-43  B.C.). 
Roman  orator,  author;  defeated  Catiline's  conspiracies. — 
Cic"e-ro'ni-an,  o.  Of  or  pertaining  to  Cicero  or  his  style; 
polished;  elegant. 

ci"ce-ro'ne,  1  cbI"che-ro'ne  or  sis'Vro'm;  2  ch'i"che-ro'ne 
or  cig"e-ro'ne,  n.    [-ni,  -nesz,  pi]    A  local  guide.    [It.] 

Cid,  1  sid;  2  cid,  n.  Rodrigo  Diaz,  called  de  Bivar,  a  Christian 
champion  of  the  11th  century  in  the  wars  with  the  Moors  in 
Spain.    El  Cam-pe"a-dor't. 

-cide,  suffix.  A  suffix  meaning  (1)  killpr,  destroyer,  as  in  regi- 
cide, germicide;  (2)  the  act  of  killing,  as  in  suicide.  [  <  I... 
cxdo,  kill.] 

ci'der,  1  sai'dar;  2  ci'der,  n.  The  expressed  juice  of  ap- 
ples.   [Ult.  <  Heb.  shikar,  strong  drink.] 

ci"»de-vant',  1  si"=da-vdh';  2  ci"=de-vah',  a.  Former.  [F.] 

Ci"en-fue'gos,  1  si"en-fwe'gos;  2  ci"en-fwe'gos,  n.  Seaport 
(pop.  80,000),  southern  Cuba. 

ci-gar',  1  si-gdr';  2  si-gar',  n.  A  small  roll  of  tobacco* 
leaves  for  smoking.  [  <  Sp.  cigarro,  cigar.] — cig"a-ret', 
clg"a-rette',  n.  A  small  roll  of  finely  cut  tobacco  in  thin 
paper  or  tobaeco=leaf. 

cil'i-a,  1  sil'i-a;  2  cll'i-a,  n.    Plural  of  cilium. 

cil'1-a-ry,  1  sil'i-e-n;  2  eil'i-a-ry,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  eye- 
lashes. 

eil'i-ate,  1  sll'i-et;  2  cil'l-St,  a.  Having  cilia  or  motile  hair= 
like  processes.    [<  L.  cilium,  eyelid.]    cil'i-at"edt. 

Cl-Ii'cI-a,  1  si-lisii'i-a;  2  ci-lish'i-a,  n.  An  ancient  country,  S. 
E.  Asia  Minor. 

ci-li'cious,  1  si-lisb'us;  2  gi-iish'us,  a.  Made  or  consist- 
ing of  hair.  [<  Gr.L  kilikion,  haircloth,  <  Kilikia, 
Cilicia.] 

cll'i-um,  1  sil'i-um;  2  cil'i-um.  n.  [-i-a,  pl.\  1.  A  vibratile 
microscopic  hair=like  process  on  the  surface  of  a  cell,  organ, 
etc.    2.  An  eyelash.    [L.j 

Ci"ma-bu'e,  1  o~hI"ma-bu'e;  2  ch'i"ma-bu'e,  Giovanni  (1240- 
1302).    A  Florentine  painter. 

chn'e-ter,  n.    Same  as  simitar,    ciiii'i-tarf. 

Ci'mex,  1  sai'meks;  2  ci'meks,  n.  Entom.  1.  A  genus  of  bugs, 
including  the  bedbug.  2.  [c-1  [cim'i-ces,  pi.]  A  bedbug. 
[L„  bug.]— ci-mi'ceous,  a.    Buggy. 

Cim-me'ri-an,  1  si-ml'n-an;  2  ei-mo'ri-an,  a.  Densely 
dark;  shrouded  in  gloom,  as  the  Cimmerii,  a  mythical 
people  mentioned  by  Homer  as  living  in  perpetual  dark- 
ness. 

Ci'mon,  1  sai'man;  2  cl'mon,  n.  An  Athenian  general  and 
statesman  (502-449  B.  ('.). 

cinch*,  1  sinCh;  2  cinch,  v.  [Colloq.,  Western  U.  S.]  I.  t.  To 
fasten  a  cinch  around;  hence,  to  get  a  grip  on;  put  pressure 
on ;  force.    II.  1.    To  tighten  a  cinch :  with  up. 

Cinch,  n.  1.  [Western  U.  S.]  A  broad  saddle=girth,  as 
of  horsehair,  knotted  into  place.  2.  [Colloq.]  Hence,  a 
tight  grip;  a  sure  thing.  [<  L.8p  cingula,  girdle,  < 
ctngo,  gird.) 

cin-cho'na,  1  sin-k5'na;  2  cin-co'na,  n.  Peruvian  bark: 
the  source  of  quinin;  the  tree  that  yields  it.  [After  the 
Countess  of  Chinchon,  vice=queen  of  Peru,  who  was  cured  of 
a  fever  by  this  bark.) — cin-chon'ic,  a. — cin'cho-nisin,  n. 
An  abnormal  condition  caused  by  overdoses  of  cinchona. 

Cln"rln-na'ti,  1  sin"si-nu'ti;  2  cln'ci-na'ti,  n.  A  city  (pop. 
416,000),  Hamilton  county,  Ohio. 

CIn"cin-na'tus,  1  sin"si-ne'tus;  2  cln"ci-na'tus,  Lucius 
Quintius  (5197-439  B.C.).    A  Roman  patrician  and  patriot. 

cinet  5, 1  sirjkt;  2  cinct,  n.    Bound  around;  girded. 

cinc'ture,  1  siijk'ehur;  2  cirie'chur,  n.  A  belt  or  girdle. 
[<  l..cinclura,  <  cingo,  gird.] 

cin'der,    /  1  sin'dar;  2  cin'der,  n.     A  burnt=out  coal;  a 

sill'derp,  \  scale  from  the  forging  of  iron;  slag;  coarse  lava. 
[Prop,  slnder,  <  AS.  sindcr.] — cin'der-ous,  a.  cin'der-yt; 
ein'drousj. 

Cln"der-el'!a,  1  sin'dar-el'a;  2  ChVder-fil'a,  n.  Heroine  (if  an 
ancient  and  popular  fairytale,  who,  tho  assigned  in  mental 
tasks,  is  aided  by  her  fairy  godmother,  and  finally  marries 
a  prince;  hence,  a  household  drudge. 

Cln'e-ma,  1  sin'i-ma:  2  cln'e-ma,  n.  [Slang,  Eng.)  A  mo- 
tion-picture show:  abbreviation  ol  cinematograph. 

cln"e-mat'o-grapli,  1  sin"i-mat'o-graf;  2  cin"e-mal'o-graf,  n. 
Same  as  EINETOGRAPH. 

cln'er-a-ry,  1  sin'ar-e-n;  2  cln'cr-a-ry,  a.  Of,  relating  to,  or 
containing  ashes,  [L.  elnerarius,  of  ashes,  <  cinis  (cinei  i, 
ashes. 1  cln"er-a'ceoust;  ol-nc'rc-ousl.  eiii"cr-a'(lon, 
n.  Reduction  to  ashes.  cin"c-rl'tloiis,  a.  Of  the  nature 
(if  nslies:  said  of  ash=colored  brain«  or  ncrve«substanee. 

cln'na-bar,  l  sln's-bSr;  2  cln'a-bar,  n.  a  crystallized  mer- 
cury sullid.  the  chief  ore  of  mercury  < .  r  e  •  i  r  i : .  1 1  .  u  eil  ;e;  :i  .pig 
merit,  called  vermilion.    [  <  Or,'-  /,  iiiiinimri,  cinnabar.] 

Cin'na-mon,  1  sin'a-man;  2  cTn'a  l ,  n.  1.  The  aro- 
matic inner  bark  of  a  tropical  laurel,  used  as  a  spice.  2. 
Cassia;  Chinese  cinnamon.  |  <  Heb  '  '  quinn&mdn,  cin- 
namon.)— cinnamon  hear,  a  clnnamon«colored  variety  of 
(1)  the  grizzly  or  (2)  the  American  black  bear.  -  cln-nain'- 
1c,  a. 

Cinque,  1  sink;  2  clnk,  n.    The  number  five,  especially  In  dice; 


also,  the  throw  that  turns  up  five.    [  <  F.  cinq,  <  L.  qulngue, 
five.] 

cinque'foil,  1  sink'feil;  2  eink'foil,  n.  1.  A  five=cusped 
ornament  or  window.  2.  Bot.  Any  one  of  several  spe- 
cies of  plants,  with  five=lobed  leaves.  [  <  L.  quinque, 
five,  +  folium,  leaf.] 

cinque'=paee",  1  sink'=pes";  2  elnk'«pae»,  n.  An  old  French 
dance  with  a  five=step  movement. 

ci'ont,  n.    A  scion  or  a  sprout. 

ci'pher,  \  1  sai'far;  2  cl'fer,  v.    1. 1.    1.  To  calculate  arith- 

ci'fer9,  Jmetically.  2.  To  write  in  secret  characters.  3. 
To  add  a  cipher  to.  II.  i.  To  figure  out  arithmetical 
examples. 

ci'pher,  n.  1.  The  character  0;  zero.  2.  A  method  of 
secret  writing;  anything  so  written.  3.  A  monogram. 
[<  Ar.LL+Fi-i/r,  <  safara,  be  empty.]    cy'phert. 

cir.,  circ,  abbr.    [L.]    Circa,  circiter,  circum  (about). 

Cir-cas'si-a,  1  sar-kasTi'i-a;  2  cir-cash'i-a,  n.  A  former  coun- 
try N.  W.  of  the  Caucasus  mountains,  now  part  of  Russia. 

Cir'ce,  1  sur'si:  2  cir'ce,  n.  Class.  Myth.  In  Homer's  Odyssey, 
an  enchantress  who  transformed  companions  of  Ulysses  into 
swine. — Cir-ce'an,  a.  Bewitching  and  degrading,  like  Circe. 

cir-cen'sian,  1  sar-sSn'slian;  2  cir-cen'shan,  o.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  the  Roman  circus;  as,  circensian  games. 
[<  L.  ctrcensts,  <  circus,  circus.)    cir-cen'slalj. 

cir'ci-nate,  1  sur'si-net;  2  cir'ci-nat,  a.  Ringed;  ring=shaped. 
[<  L.  circinatus,  pp.  of  clrcino,  make  round,  ult.  <  Gr. 
kirkos.  circle.) 

cir'cl(ep,  1  sur'kl;  2  gir'cl,  vt.  &  vi.  [cir'cl(e)dp;  cir'- 
cling.]    To  encircle;  move  in  a  circle;  revolve  around. 

cir'cle,  n.  1.  Geom.  A  plane  figure  bounded  by  a  curved 
line  called  the  circumference,  which  is  everywhere 
equally  distant  from  a  point  within  called  the  center; 
also,  the  circumference.  2,  Anything  circular;  a  ring. 
3.  An  association;  set;  co- 
terie; class.  4.  An  argu- 
ment in  which  the  conclu- 
sion is  assumed  to  prove 
the  premise,  and  then  the 
premise  made  to  prove 
the  conclusion.  5.  A  com- 
pleted series  or  system. 
[  <  L.  circulus,  dim.  of  circus, 
ring.)  Syn.:  see  class.— 
clr'clet,  n.    A  small  ring. 

cir'cuit,  1  sur'kit;  2  cir'cit, 
n.  1.  A  passing  or  travel- 
ing round;  especially,  a 
passing  from  place  to  place 


S.Pole       H 

Circles  of  the  Globe. 


oblng  oirolea;  I.  astronomical  circle 
of  latitude;  s,  Beeomlnrv  circle;  sc,  small 
circle;  p,  plane  of  the  ecliptic. 


in    orderly  Sequence,   as    by   primary  p-eat  circle;  '*,  ho 

a  judge  or  clergyman.    2. 

A   district  to   be   traveled 

over.    3.  Distance  around; 

compass;  circumference.  4.  The  entire  course  traversed 

by  an  electric  current.      [  <  L.F  circum,  around,   +  eo, 

go.] — cir-cu'I-tous,  a.  Of  the  nature  of  a  circuit;  indirect; 

roundabout,    -ly,  adv.   -ness,  n. 

cir'cu-lar,  1  sur'kiu-lar;  2  clr'cu-lar.  I.  a.  1.  Forming, 
or  bounded  by,  a  circle;  round.  2.  Moving  in  a  circle. 
3.  Intended  for  circulation.  II.  n.  A  communication 
for  general  circulation;  a  circular  letter.  [  <  I..IL  circu- 
lus; see  circle,  n.\  Syn.:  see  orbicular;  round. — elr'Vu- 
lar'i-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi.]— cir'cu-lar-lze,  vt.  [-ized;  -iz*- 
ing.]  1.  To  make  circular.  2.  To  ply  with  circulars,  clr'- 
cu-Iar-lset.— cir'cu-lar-ly,  adv.  —  clr'cu-lar-ness,  n. 

cir'cu-Iate,  1  sur'kiu-lct;  2  eir'eu-lfit,  v.  [-LATHED4; 
-lat"ing.]  I.  t.  To  spread  abroad;  disseminate.  II.  i. 
1.  To  move  by  a  circuitous  course  back  to  lire  starting" 
point,  as  the  blood  through  the  body.  2.  To  spread 
abroad,  or  become  diffused,  as  a  report.  [  <  LI.,  cir- 
culo,  <  L.  circulus;  see  circle,  ti.\  Syn.:  see  spread. — 
<'lr"cii-la'tloii,  n.  1.  The  act  of  circulating  or  state  of  being 
circulated.  2.  Transmission;  diffusion;  dissemination,  3. 
The  extent  or  amount  of  distribution;  number  of  copies 
Issued,  as  of  a  paper  or  periodical,  etc.  3.  A  current  me- 
dium of  exchange,  as  coin,  etc.  — flr'cu-la"lor,  n.  —  Clr'CU- 
la"tlv(eS,  a.— c!r'cu-Ia-to"ry,  a.  or  for  pertaining  to  clr- 
culallon;  circulating. 

clr'cum-,  1  sfrr'knm-;  2  cir'cum-,  prefix.  About:  around;  on 
all  sides;  surrounding;  as,  circumflex,  circumlocution,  circum- 
scribe, [<  \..  circum-,  <  circum,  around,  about,  circus, 
circle.]  — clr'Vum-am'bl-ent,  a.  Extending  or  going 
around;  encompassing.  [+L.  ambio,  go  around.]  clr"« 
cum-am'bl-ence  or-en-cy,  »  cli^cum-am'bu-Iate,  i 
[-lat"i.;d'1;  -lat*in(i.i  To  walk  around.  I  i  L,  ambiilo,  walk.) 
— clr"cum-aiii"hn-la'tlon,  n.  <  ir"<  iini-:im'l>ii-la"(or, 
n.— rlr"«iini-aui'bii-la-lory,  n.  cifciiiii-licirdl-lnis, 
lH0r"kiini-bcn'di-biis;2cir"cui]i-beiiMI-bu.N.  n.   [Humorous., 

a  roundabout  course  or  method;  circumlocution.   [  +  beni>, 
n.,  treated  as  Latin.] 


i"l"     I    I  I  I  ,,,,.,       full,  rGlr;    but,  hOrn; 

>l>nk  .  11  i  I       6;  i'O,  not.  ftr,  »6n,    l,r»S 


llil    Ij, 
t 

I. 


■  Ir-rum   flu-. .11- 
.  pp  of  citcmmfmmtn. 

I  lull    III   It 

r  lr    1  11111-D  Tate,    •;     A  I  lr    (  11 1 1 1  - 

.1   .  .  1  1  I  . 
•     >aetc  rlr"rum-]»'rriiri',   rlr'riiin-)  1  - 


(|n||. 


•a  «n>' 


2   ..Ir'ciim- 
ision;  the 

nasm,  prollxlt 

the   more 
■: 
11 
- 

i  may  be 

'   1  word  nr 

,  tomaam;  "hi: 

Is  tautology      I'erbtac  I-  tin-  use 

1  ordinal 

•    I  III-    thought.  — 

■.  conciseness,  o 


u-i.-n.   .      Marked  by  circumlocution; 


■1. 


rVmn- 

ai--  iil  around 

.1  1  lr   ■  iiiii-ii.n"l-jra'- 

n-n»»  'l-ga"t. II 

Near 
-TtmadUOg  OOI 

bJbbs]  •.'■  scall]   '•■  Ran  revolving  about  '.'.•   pole  without 


r  lr 


:'.  rt.     [-POHED': 
clrcumpotilus,  pp.  of 
ir-e.) 

im-rfl'ta- 
1  lr '<  'Um-ro'ta- 

■      -H'.'TAT-IM..! 
I 

iround,   4- 

'  rig  wide, 
■..'  a    polygon 


rlp'tlon, 

I 

wrlp'tl. 


nl^-d .—  clr"cum- 


1  lr    .  11 1 1 1  -  - 1».-«  1 .     1      lOl   I,  imii     |..  let  .    8     ..H  '■■inn  ■•!■■■ 

ruddered       t  ■      I      1  ireum, 

I  11.  a  ..11  nil 

.  ir  i-m"'   Hon,  clr 'euro-spec  t-nras,  n     : 

■  ir  'cum-ipMMj ,  adt. 

1  lr   1  11 111--l.nn  r.    | 

1.  ■  \ ■..    in..  I    I.  To  plai  •  in 

•  >r  in  oil  il\  in 

1  inii.iiu  .  relate  with  do- 
ll.        I.  Something  incidental;  a  concomitant; 
inrid  '  ■  - 1  in-lit ;  means  and  style  of  living; 

:t  .  Formal  display;  oeremony;  pomp. 
■  ;■  ton,  around.   I    tfo,  stand  I 
ompanlmant,  oonoomltanti  detail,  event,  faot, 
dent,  Item,  occurrence,  particular,  point,  post- 
\  circumstance  (L.  circum,  around,  and  Wo, 
omethlng  existing  or  oeeurrlng  In  connection  with 
.■i.ii  1  to  some  other  faot  or  event,  modifying  or  throw- 
ing light  upon  the  principal  matter  without  affecting  Itsos- 
.  harai  tor;  an  accompanimt  at  Is  something  that  unites 
with  the  principal  matter,  tho  not  necessar}  to  It; 

laniment  to  icomitani  goes  with  a 

thing  in  natural  connection,  but  In  e  subordinate  capacity, 
,.r  perhaps  In  contrast;  us.  cheerfulness  Is  a  concomitant  of 
virtue      \  ""I  strictly,  nor  usually,  an  ooca- 

■  tlon,  effect,  or  result  (Boo  thi  e  words  under 
•  cireumstanct  properly  an  incident,  (8ee 
under  u  i  mam  I  am  the  circumstance*  make  up  thi 
Hon.  Bo  a  person  Is  said  to  be  In  easj  circumstancet.  Com- 
pare eveni  Frap.:  "Mere  situation  Is  expressed  by  'in  the 
circumstances';  action  affected  [by  them]  Is  performed  'trodsr 
the  circumstances.'  "    [M.j 

rir"riim-staii'tlal,  a.    1,  Consisting  of  defa 
nute;  particular,    'i.  Pertaining  to  or  dependent  on  Cireum- 
stanct 'iim  ik;  i-mci  n  1  1. ah.      clr"ciiiu-stan"- 
tl-al'l-ty,     n,     <lr"iiiin-sl;ui'(l.il-ly,     ode,     ilr'Viiin- 
itan  'tl-atc.  it.     [-m'i.iii;  -at*im;.)    Toset  forth  or  estab- 
,  Ircumstantlally. 
clr"cuin-\ari:iti',    1    sfir'ktun-val'ct;  2   clfeOm-vaTat,   at. 
(-i.at-ki>i;   -I.A1-INC]    To  surround  with  a  rampart  or  a 
trench.    [<  I..  ctrcumtnUatus,  pp.  of  eireumvallo,  <  circum, 
around,  +  ra//nwi.  wail.]-   clr^cam-vallate, a.    cir'Vum- 
\.il-l;i 'linn,  ;/     I.  The  process  of  throwing  a  wall  nr  ram- 
part round  a  place,    'i-  An  encircling  line  of  military  works, 
tir"iiiin-ventM,  1  BUT*kum-vei  cum-vSnt',   it. 
b  around;  get  the  better  of,  as  by  craft,    [<  L.  cir- 
cum, around,                     ie.]    Bynj  see  baffle;  DBCirvTB.— 
i-lr"i-iiiii-ven'tlon,  n.   a  forestalling  by  artlflce;  Btratagem. 
tir"cum-vo-lu'tlon,  1  BoVncum-vp-liu'sben:  2  clr"ettm- 
vo-lu'shon,  n.    The  act  of  winding;;  .-i  fold  or  turn  of 
something  wound;  convolution;  .sinuosity.     [<  L.  etr- 
cumvoluttu,  pp.,    <   circum,  around,   +   colro,  roll.)— clrw- 
iuiii-Mil\  <e'M},  rt. 
rlr't  us,  1  -ur'kus;  2  clr'cus,  n.    1.  A  show  in  which  feats 
■  lemanship,  tumbling,  strength,  etc.,  are  exhibited. 
'!.    I;   in     Aiitiq.    A    large  cni-losun-   with   parallel  sides, 
one  end  rounded,  for  races.     3.  A  circle  formed  by  bow« 
shaped  rowB  of  houses.    [I,.,  ring;] 
Cl'ren-ces'ter,  1  sal'ren-ees'tar  at  sls't-tar;  2  cl'rcn-ces'ter 
ter,  n.     A  town  In  Gloucestershire,  England;  pop. 
8.000;  Roman  ruins. 
Cirque,  1  sfirk:  2  (Irk,  n.    1.  A  circular  enclosure;  circus.    2. 

a  circular  valley  with  precipitous  walls.     [FJ 
clr-rlio'sls,  1  si-rn'sis;  2  cl-rO'sls.  n.    An  abnormal  formation 
of  connective  tissue,  with  wasting  of  the  proper  tissue  of  an 
organ.    [<  Or. JctrrhOM, tawny.] — clr-rlmt 'le, a. 
clr'rl-ped,  1  slr'i-ped;  2  clrM-pGd,  n.    One  of  an  order  of  crus- 

Including  the  barnacles,  etc.-    clr'rl-ped,  «. 
elr'rn  en 'inn-Ills,  l  slr"o-klfl'mlu-liis;  2  flr*o-k0'm0-10s,  n. 
ontlguoue  fleecy  cloudlets. 

elr'rn  -Ira'tlls,  1  sir'o-slrr-'tus;  2  Clr"0*trB'tnS,  It.    A  Whitish 

t  loft]  cloud  consisting  of  Ice>partlcle8. 
eir'roos,  1  bu-'ob;  L'  clr'Qs,  a.    I.  Having  cirri.    2.  Of  or  per- 

talnlng  to  a  cirrus  cloud,    clr'rosc:. 
rlr'rus,   1    riVus;  o  elr'us,  n.     [cib'bi,  1  -oi;  2  -I,  pi.]     1. 
if  ted  form  of  cloud.    2.  A  tendril  or  a  thread" 
like  appendage,    [L.,  curl] 
■  Is-,  :.'  i ■)--.  tartfiX,     Derived  from  Latin  cts,  on  this  side. 

cK-arplne, '/     on  the  Roman  side  (,f  the  Alps—  cls"at- 
lan'tlc,  a.     on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic      i-K'pa-dane,  a. 
h  ol  itiePo.    [+  L.  Padus,  Po.] 
i-M  .  1    i  '     2  cist.  7i.     A  casket;  box.     [<  L.  cisla,  chest.) 
elst  ••  i  st. 

<  |s-ter'clan.  1  sls-tOr'snsn;  2  (Is-ter'shan,  n.    A  monk  of  an 
order  founded  in  ions  at  <  Isterclum  (Ctteaux),  France. — 
<  Is- ter 'dan,  a. 
els'fern.  2  cls'tern,  n.    A  reservoir  for  holding 

[<  L  '"  < .  b  rna,  <  ct  fa,  i  bum  .1 
I  I-  'tas,  1  Hls'tus;  2  cls'tus,  n.   Hot.  1.  A  considerable  genus  of 
European  evergreen  shrubs  of  toe  rock<Tose  family,  the  rock* 
rose  of  the  gardens.    Gum  ladanum  Is  produced  by  several 


1: 3  =  final;    l  =  hablt£   aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    Ifl  =  fetid;    Clnn;    go;    g  =  sin<7;    Chin,   this.    Circumcise 
159   2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  clank 


species.    2.  [c-]  A  plant  of  this  genus.    [  <  L.  cisthos,  <  Gr. 
kistos,  rock=rose.] 
clt.,  abbr.    Citation,  cited,  citizen. 

clt'a-del,  1  sit'a-del;  2  cit'a-del,  n.    A  fortress  command- 
ing a  city.    [<  It.  cUladclla,  little  city .]     Syn.:  see  fortifi- 
cation. 
cl'tal,  1  sai'tal;  2  cl'tal,  re.    A  citation;  summons. 
cite,  1  sait;  2  clt,  vt.    [ciT'EDd;  cit'ing.]    1.  To  quote  or 
name  for  argument  or  exemplification;  refer  to  specifi- 
cally.   2.  Law.  To  summon  to  appear  before  a  tribunal. 
3t«  To  show;  argue.    [  <  L.F  cito,  freq.  of  cieo,  call.] 
Syn.:  see  allege;  arraign;  quote. 

— cl-ta'tlon,  re.  1.  The  act  of  citing,  or  a  passage  cited. 
2.  Law.  A  judicial  summons. — cl'ta-to-ry,  a.  Of  the  na- 
ture or  form  of  a  citation.  [  <  Gr.  kilhara.] 
clth'a-ra,  1  sifh'a-ra;  2  citb'a-ra,  n.  The  ancient  Greek  lyre. 
clth'ern||,  1  sith'arn;  2  clth'ern,  re.  A  medieval  lute  or  guitar 
having  wire  strings  plucked  with  a  plectrum:  the  original  of 
the  zither.    [<  Gr.  kilhara,  cithara.]    cit'ternt. 

Clt'i-zen,  1  sit'i-zn;  2  cit'i-zn,  n.  1.  One  owing  allegiance 
to,  and  entitled  to  protection  from,  a  government:  op- 
posed to  alien.  2.  A  resident  of  a  city  or  town.  3.  A 
private  person;  one  who  is  not  a  public  officer  nor  a  sol- 
dier. [<F.  citoyen,  <  cite;  see  city.] — cit'i-zen-ry,  n. 
Citizens  collectively.— cit'i-zen-ship,  n.  The  status  of  a 
citizen,  with  its  rights  and  privileges. 

clt'rlne,  >  1  sit'nn;  2  cit'rin.    I.  a.    1.  Lemon=colored.    2.  Per- 

Clt'rln8,  S  taining  to  the  citron,  lemon,  and  allied  trees.  II.  re. 
1.  Citron»color.  2.  Mineral.  A  light=yellow  vitreous  vari- 
ety of  quartz.    [<  F. citrin.]   cit'rl-noust. 

Clt'ron,  1  sit'ran;  2  cit'ron,  n.  A  fruit  like  a  lemon,  but 
larger  and  less  acid;  also,  the  tree  (citron»tree)  yielding 
it.  [  <  L.It+F  citrus,  citron=tree.] — cit'range,  re.  [Re- 
cent.] A  citrous  fruit  produced  by  crossing  the  common 
sweet  orange  with  a  bitter  Asiatic  variety. — cit'rate,  re. 
A  salt  of  citric  acid. — cit'ric,  a.  Derived  from  the  lemon 
or  like  fruits;  as,  citric  acid. — cit'rous,  a.  Of  or  pertaining 
to  the  lemon  or  like  fruits. 

clt'y,  1  sit'i;  2  git'y,  n.  [cit'iesz,  pi.]  A  place  inhabited 
by  a  large,  permanent,  organized  community.  Specifi- 
cally: (1)  [U.  S.  &  Canada.]  A  municipality  of  the  first 
class,  governed  by  a  mayor  and  aldermen  and  created  by 
charter.  (2)  The  ancient  walled  town  that  was  the  nucleus 
of  a  metropolis:  specifically  of  London  or  Paris.  [<  F.  citi, 
<  L.  civitas,  <  civis,  citizen.] 

civ.,  abbr.    Civil,  civilian. 

Clv'et,  1  siv'et;  2  clv'St,  n.  1.  A  substance  of  musk=like 
odor,  secreted  by  certain  carnivores.  2.  A  carnivore 
that  secretes  this 
substance,  about 
the  size  of  a  fox 
and  of  a  dark= 
gray  color  band- 
ed and  spotted  ■ 
with  black,  clv'- 
et*cat"t.  [<  Ar.» 
zabdd,  civet ! 

civ'ic,  1  siv'ik;  2 
civ'ic,  o.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  a  city,  a  citizen,  or  citizenship.  [  <  L. 
civicus,  <  civis,  citizen.] — clv'lcs,  re.  The  science  of  gov- 
ernment. 

clv'il,  1  siv'il;  2  clv'il,  o.  1.  Observing  the  social  proprie- 
ties; formally  polite.  2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  citizen,  as 
opposed  to  ecclesiastical  or  military.  3.  Pertaining  to 
the  relations  of  citizens;  occurring  between  citizens  of 
the  same  country.  4.  In  accordance  with  the  require- 
ments of  civilization;  civilized.  [F.,  <  L.  civilis,  <  civis, 
citizen.]  Syn.:  see  polite. — civil  service,  the  departments 
of  the  public  service  that  are  neither  military  nor  naval.  - 
Cl-vll'ian,  re.  I.  One  who  follows  the  pursuits  of  civil  life; 
one  not  a  soldier  or  sailor.  2.  One  learned  in  the  Roman 
or  civil  law. — cl-vll'l-ty,  re.  [-ties2,  pi.]  The  being  civil; 
courtesy;  cold  or  formal  politeness:  also,  a  civil  act  or  speech. 
Syn.:  see  favor;  politeness.— clv'll-ly,  adv. 

clv'i-lize  or-lise,  1  siv'i-laiz;  2  clv'i-llz,  vt.  [-lized;  -i.iz"- 
ing.]  To  bring  into  a  state  of  civilization;  reclaim  from 
savagery.— clv"l-li-za'tion  or  -sa'tlon,  n.  The  act  of 
civilizing,  or  the  state  of  being  civilized :  a  condition  of  organ- 
ization, enlightenment,  and  progress.  Syn.:  sec  humanity; 
refinement. 

clv'i-lized  or  -Used,  pa.  Being  in  a  state  of  civilization; 
pertaining  to  civilized  men. 

civ 'Ism,  1  siv'izm;  2  clv'lsm,  re.  1.  Devotion  to  the  public 
weal.    2.  Citizenship.    [<  V.  clvisme,  <  L.  civis,  citizen.) 

Cl"vl-ta-vec'chl-a,  1  Chrvl-ta-vek'kl-a;  2  chi"vl-tii.-vec'el-a, 
n.    A  seaport  in  Home  province,  Italy;  pop.  18.000. 

C.  J.,  abbr.  Chief  Justice. — ck.,  abbr.  |cks.,  pi.]  Cask. — 
CI.,  abbr.  Clergyman,  Claudius,  Clodlus,  cblorln. — cl., 
abbr.   Centiliter,  clause,  clerk,  cloth. 

clab'ber,  1  klab'ar;  2  clab'er.    I.  vi.    To  curdle,  as  milk. 


Civet-cat. 


II.  n.    1.  Milk  curdled  by  souring.     2.  [Soldiers'  slang.] 
Underclothing. 

clach'an,  1  klaH'an;  2  claH'an,  re.  [Scot.]  1.  A  rude  stone 
monument  or  sarcophagus.  2.  A  Highland  hamlet:  a  village 
Inn,  or  a  village  church.    [Gael.,  <  clach,  stone.)    elach ;. 

clack,  1  klak;  2  clak.  IK  vt.&vi.  To  clap;  rattle;  babble; 
chatter.  II.  re.  A  sharp,  short,  clapping  sound,  or  some- 
thing producing  it;  chatter.  [Imitative.] — clack's 
dish  t ,  n.  A  beggar's  wooden  dish,  with  a  cover  with  which 
a  clacking  sound  might  be  made. — clack'er,  re. 

clad,  1  klad;  2  clad,  imp.  &  pp.  of  clothe,  v. 

claes,  1  klez;  2  elas,  n.  pi.  [Scot.]  Clothes.— claeth,  n.  cloth. 

claim,  1  klem;  2  clam.    \.t.  1.  To  demand  on  the  ground 
of  right;  lay  claim  to.    2.  To  hold  to  be  true  against  im- 
plied denial  or  doubt.    II.  ».    To  derive  a  right;  make  a 
claim;  be  entitled  to  something. 
Syn.:  see  allege;  assert;  assume;  demand. 

claim,  n.  1.  The  demand  of  something  from  some  one  on 
the  ground  of  right;  the  assertion  of  a  right;  a  right  or 
title.  2.  The  asserting  as  of  a  fact.  3.  Anything 
claimed,  as  a  settler's  tract.  [  <  L.OF  clamo,  cry  out.] 
Syn.:  see  right. 

— Alabama  claims,  demands  for  compensation  made  by 
the  United  States  to  Great  Britain,  for  depredations  caused 
by  the  Confederate  cruiser  "Alabama"  and  other  British- 
built  vessels  during  the  American  Civil  War. — claim  'a- 
bl(ep,a. — claim  'ant.  n.  One  who  makes  a  claim,  clalm'prf. 

clair- voy'ance,  1  klar-vei'ans;  2  clar-voy'anc,  re.  As- 
sumed preternatural  knowledge,  as  in  a  trance.  [F.] — 
clalr-voy'ant,  a.  &  re. 

clam1,  1  klam;  2  clam,  vi.  [clammed;  clam'minq.]  To 
hunt  for  or  dig  clams. 

clam2,  vi.  [Prov.  Eng.)  1.  To  ring  all  the  bells  of  a  chime  to- 
gether.   2.  To  muffle  or  jangle  a  bell.    [Prob.  <  clamor.) 

clam,  a.  1.  [Dial.]  Sticky.  2.  [Scot.]  Vile;  mean.  [<  V  of 
AS.  cldm,  clay.] 

clam1,  n.  One  of  various  bivalve  mollusks,  much  esteemed 
as  food.     [  <  AS.  clamm,  clamp.] 

clam2,  n.    A  clamp,  as  of  bricks. 

clam',  re.  [Prov.  Eng.]  The  simultaneous  ringing  of  all  the 
bells  in  a  chime;  hence,  clangor;  clamor. 

clam'ant,  1  klam'ent;  2  clam'ant,  a.  1.  Calling  for  help 
or  remedy;  crying;  insistent.  2.  [Poet.]  Clamorous;  re- 
sounding.    [<L.  claman(t-)s,  ppr.  of  clamo,  cry  out.] 

cIam"a-to'rl-al,  1  klam"a-t6'ri-al;  2  clam"a-to'ri-al.  a.  Re- 
lating to  a  suborder  of  passerine  birds  as  the  king»birds. 

clam'ber,  1  klam'bar;  2  cliim'ber,  vi.  To  climb  with  dif- 
ficulty.   [  <  Ice.  klambra,  clamp.] 

clam'my,  1  klam'i;  2  clam'y,  a.  [-mi-er;  -mi-est.]  1. 
Damp  and  cold.  2.  Soft  and  sticky.  [<  AS.  cldm,  clay.] 
— clam'ml-ly,  adv.—  clam'ml-ness,  re. 

clam 'or,  1  klam'or;  2  clam'or,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  utter  with 
loud  outcry.  2§.  To  raise  outcry  against.  II.  i.  To 
utter  loud  outcries  or  demands;  vociferate.    Syn.:  see  call. 

clam'or,  n.  1.  Any  loud,  repeated  outcry;  vociferation; 
noisy  confusion  of  voices.  2.  A  vehement  objecting  or 
demanding.  [<  L.OF  clamor,  <  clamo,  cry  out.] 
clam'ourt.  Syn.:  see  noise. — clam'or-ous, a.  Making 
or  made  with  clamor,  clam'our-ousf.  Syn.:  see  noisy. 
— clam'or-ous-ly,  adv.— clam 'or-ous-ness,  n. 

clamp1, 1  klamp;  2  clamp.    V.vt.    To  join  or  bind  as  with 
a  clamp.     II.  n.     A  device  for  com- 
pressing, holding,  or  binding  together 
two  or  more  parts.    [  ■     " 

clamp2.  I.  vi.  To  walk  1 
II.  n.  A  heavy  tread; 
tative.]  — — _j- 

clamp1,   re.      1.   A  brick-kiln  with  lmper-  j  ] II 

vious  walls.    2.  A  pile  or  heap,  as  of  ore.  ^"  -1 

etc.    [Akin  to  D.  klamp,  heap.l  ^"""h  fl    '""  '    ''' 

Clan,  1  klan;  2  clan,  re.     A  tribe,  as  of 

Scottish    Highlanders;   set;   clique.    [<        Machinists' 
Gael,  clann]     Syn.:  see  class. — clan'-           Clamo 
nlsh,  a.    Like  a  clan;   disposed  to  cling 
together;    bound    by    class    prejudices;    narrow,    -ly,  adv. 
-ness,  re. — clan'shlp,  re.     Union  under  a  ohlel      clans'- 
man,  n.    [-men,  pi.]  A  member  of  a  clan  or  of  I  lie  sai -Ian 

clan-des'tln(cs,  1  klan-des'tin;  2  elan-des'tin,  o.  Kept 
secret;  concealed;  surreptitious.  [<  L.  clandestinus,  < 
dam,  In  secret.)  Syn.:  see  secret.  clan-de.s'tln(e-lyB,adD. 
Secretly. 

clang,  1  klan;  2  clang.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  send  forth  a  clang. 
II.  n.  A  ringing  sound,  as  of  metal  struck.  [<  L. 
Clango,  resound  1 

tian'Ror,  1  klarj'gor;  2  clan'gor,  re.  Repeated  clanging;  a 
clanging  or  ringing;  clamor.  [  <  L.  clangor,  <  clango, 
ciunu.  1    clan'gour;.    clan'gor-ouB,  a.   -ly,  adv. 

clank,  1  klank;  2  cl&rjk.  I'.  vt.  &  vi.  To  emit,  or  can1'  to 
emit,  a  clank.  II.  n.  An  abrupt,  short,  harsh,  metallic 
sound.    (Imitative.] 


binding  together 
[<  D.  klamp] 
k  heavily;  tramp. 
1;    tramp.     [I mi-  ^ — 


. 


%  ii         n         '  ill.  !>0m; 

I      i         i  i »on,  Kid 


>li    r.i  1.I.--1  ii  'roj. 

\ 

.  l.ir    1  - 1 1  - «   i   II. .11.     . 

!  <    F. 

■  -   .  •    ■ 
I 

I.   »r, in  i-  I  dward      •    •  ). 

•    i..  ,,ric>  Rogers 

\Mllluii 

Dirty; 


II 


I 


interfere. 

■ 

II.  I .    \ 

■;.    ■ 

.ii'    . 
i  ■ 

- 


il  Ltorature. 


,  I  ,         i    ,    il.  I  i  p.  i  I  lining 

'.'.    I  I  •  1 1  n t-  ,.r 

Q|  I.    hi     III.    I 

•  I   l--n    |      cl;is"- 
-i-i  il  i-i) .  i  lii  qunlll  \  ,.r  i  ,  i  ,     -I-.  ,i- 

rli         .  il-lj  . 

i 

.1.   vdhi  rcnci   lo  ..i  urn 
•  ompare 
i  clax  •  !-•  Int. 

rla»'»l»  \  rniiri 

•  i, led  liy 

.  i  ,     il-fjr, 

-IT.] 

■i.i  ■    .         ,  laa"sl-fl-<  i  ii, mi.         \ 

,  l.i-'-l-H"cr,  n 

I  I  ,         Hl.ilr".    i  '■:,:.'    .■'.,      'ii     I  ",    n         A    III.  nil,,  i    nf 

1  I.I-  111  .  1  I  I 

:.  I  om  posed  ..f  fragment  -.  dlatlii 
from  roak.l 

< -l.il    Irr.  1  I. 

ll-         A  rattling  talk;  ohatter.    (< 

\-    •     trian.  In  ctatntno,  clattering.] 
clal  'trr-rr,  n. 
i  i.iii.i,-  Lor-raln',  i  i.i..,i  io  rSn';2  elad  lo-rln'.    Pseudonym 

dnter. 
(  lau'dl-us,  l  1. 1, .'.ii -i'-.  :.'  ela/dl-os,  Uberlua  Draana    10  B, 

1      \    i.      I       \  Roman  emperor;  Invaded  Britain. 
clause,  1  kles;  2  elao,  n      I.  \  distinct  pari  ,.t  a  < posi- 
tion, as  a  paragraph  or  article     Z.Oram    \  subordinate 
ence  containing  :i  subjecl   and  predicate:  distin- 
guished fron                      i                 pp.  of  elaudo,  close.] 
claus'tral,  ]          trel;  2  elas'tral,  a.    Cloistral. 
da 'rate1,                                    Clutvehaped.    1<  L.  clara, 
■  i.i  \.,i -,ii  .    da 'vate-Ij .                            [nail.] 
da 'rate  .  a     NaiMfke;  Btudded  with  knobs.    [<  L 
dave  .  l  klBv;  2  elav,  Imp.  o 

da'ver,  1  klCver;  2  ela'ver.    I.  H.    [Bool   S  North  Eng.]    To 

ii.  die  tale. 

Clai  'er-house,  1  klav'sr-ss  or  UCvsrs;  2  elav'Br-ua  or  eJl'- 

DKB. 

clai  'i-cbord,  1  klaVi-kerd;  2  el&v'i-eord,  n.    A  keyboard 
instrument  whose  tones  were  produced  by  the  blow  of 
pins  on  horisontal  Btrings;  :i  forerunner  of  the 
I  <  L.  clavis,  key,  +  chorda,  chord  1 
Clai  'i-rl  »■'  ,  1  klav'i-kl;  2  dav'i-cl,  n.    The  bone  connect- 
ing the  ahoulder<blade  and   b  collar-bone. 
•    I.,  clavtcula,  dim  ol  davit,  key.] — da-vlr'u-lar,  a, 
<-I.i'iI-it.  l  i.i.-'vi-.ir  or  ki.t-vir':  2  ett'i  l-er  or  ela-ver',  n,  .if  us. 

i.  \  I  ■  ■  board.    '-•  A  keyboard  Instrument, 
claw,  1  kle;2ela.   I.  I. Tot    ir,  scratch,  dig,  pull, 

a  claws;  use  the  claws  or  nails,    'it.  to  natter. 
II-         1.  A  sharp,  usually  curved,  horny  nail;  a  claw» 
like  part  or  organ;  anything  .-harp  and  booked.    '*.  A 
e,  clutch,  or  the  like,  as  with  claws,     |<   AS. 
M.\ 
clay,  l  klfi;  2  el4,  n.    I.  A  common  plastic  earth,  a  com- 
pound of  aluminum  and  silica,    'i.  Earth  in  general;  the 
human   body.     [.  s.vn..-   see   bodi     day'- 

ey,a.    Of,  abounding  In,  I  or  mixed  with  day. 

daj  '  slate",  n  i  hat   splits  readily 

loflng  and  ol  her  purp 
e.  stone,  n.  Oeol.  One  of  the  nodules  found  In  alluvial  clay. 
Clay,  Henri  (1777   1862).    An  American  statesman  and  ora- 

■  ompi  omisi   BUI  of  1850. 
daj  'more,   1   klr'mor;  2  ela'mor,  ».     A  doubli 
I   of   the  Scottish   Highlanders.     |- 
imh,  sword,  +  raw,  great.] 
,  hi ..  ■  leared. 

-'  le,  \  diminutive;  as,  lclcfc,  parilcfc.    [<  P.  -cle,<  L. 

rli-aii,  l  khn;  2  elen.  I.  vt.  To  free  from  dirt,  Boil,  or  im- 
purities. II.  o.  1.  Free  from  dirt,  impurity,  or  defile- 
ment ;  unblemished;  pur,       ;.  I  n  e  from  bungling;  dex- 

:{.   W'.ll'proporiioii,  i|;  symmetrical. 

Ml-  in  a  clean  manner;  unqualifiedly;  wholly. 

.  :   iTiiif  y;    UM)  j       ee   i-.vocent; 
PUBS.      [<   AS  clxnt,  clear,  pure.)—  clean'er,  n. — 
•  I,  in  'ness,  n. 
cleanly,)  ]    klenli;  2  elenly,  a.     Neat;  tidy;  pure.— 
clenlj  ,     cleanli-ly,  adv. — clean 'll-ness,  n. 
'  I 'a  n  'I  j ,  1  klin'h;  2  elSnly,  ash.    In  a  clean  manner. 
cleanse,)  1    klenz;   2    elfins,   vt.     [cleansed,   clknzdp; 
•I'-ii-,    .  ...  ]    To  free  from  dirt  or  defilement; 

purge.    [  <  AS.  cl&ntian,  <  clxne,  dean.] 

clean,  disinfect,  dust,  mop,  purify,  rinse, 
scour,  scrub,  sponge,  sweep,  wash,  wlps.   Cleanse  implies  a 


1: a  =  final;    i=hablt£   aisle;    au  =  o«t;    eli;    Iu  =  feud;    <fhin;    go;    0  =  sin^;    thin,   this.  Clap 

161         2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.        delicti 


worse  condition  to  start  from,  and  more  to  do,  than  clean; 
as,  Hercules  cleansed  the  Augean  stables.  Cleanse  and  purify 
are  used  extensively  in  a  moral  sense;  wash  In  that  sense  is 
archaic.  See  amend;  purify.  —  Ant.:  befoul,  besmear,  be- 
smirch, bespatter,  contaminate,  corrupt,  debase,  defile,  de- 
prave, pollute,  soil,  spoil,  stain,  sully,  taint,  vitiate. 
— cleans  'er,n. 

Cle-an'thes,  1  kh-an'fhlz;  2  cle-an'thes,  n.  A  Greek  Stoic 
philosopher  of  the  3d  century  B.  C. 

clear,  1  kllr;  2  cler,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  make  clear;  brighten; 
clarify;  clean.  2.  To  free  from  encumbrances,  accusa- 
tions, etc.;  disencumber;  acquit.  3.  To  gain  over  and 
above  expenses.  4.  To  obtain  or  give  a  clearance  for  (a 
ship).  5.  To  pass  without  touching.  II.  *.  1.  To  be- 
come free  from  fog,  cloud,  obscurity,  or  entanglement. 
2.  To  pass  away,  as  a  mist  or  fog.  3.  To  settle  accounts. 
4.  To  take  out  clearance  papers,  as  a  ship. 
3yn.:  see  absolve;  justify. — clear'er,  n. 

Clear,  a.  1.  Free  from  anything  that  dims  or  darkens;  un- 
clouded ;  distinct ;  intelligible ;  discerning ;  discriminating. 
2.  Free  from  obstruction  or  hindrance.  3.  Free  from  en- 
cumbrance, responsibility,  or  guilt.  4.  Free  from  adul- 
teration, defect,  or  blemish.  5.  Without  deduction; 
net.  6.  Undisturbed;  serene.  7.  Plain;  evident.  [< 
L..*  clarus,  clear.] 

Syn.:  apparent,  diaphanous,  distinct,  evident,  explicit,  In- 
telligible, limpid,  lucid,  manifest,  obvious,  pellucid,  perspic- 
uous, plain,  straightforward,  translucent,  transparent,  un- 
adorned, unambiguous,  unequivocal,  unmistakable.  A  sub- 
stance is  said  to  be  clear  that  offers  no  impediment  to  vision 
— is  not  dim,  dark,  or  obscure;  transparent,  when  objects  are 
readily  seen  through  it;  we  speak  of  a  stream  as  clear  when 
we  think  of  the  water  itself;  we  speak  of  it  as  transparent 
with  reference  to  the  ease  with  which  we  see  the  pebbles  at 
the  bottom.  Clear  is  also  said  of  that  which  comes  to  the 
senses  without  dimness,  dulness,  obstruction,  or  obscurity; 
hence,  the  word  is  used  for  that  which  is  free  from  any  kind 
of  obstP'ction;  as,  a  clear  field.  Lucid  and  pellucid  refer  to  a 
shining  clearness,  as  of  crystal.  Translucent  is  less  than 
transparent;  a  translucent  body  allows  light  to  pass  through, 
but  may  not  permit  forms  and  colors  to  be  distinguished. 
Limpid  refers  to  a  liquid  clearness,  or  that  which  suggests  it; 
as,  limpid  streams.  That  which  is  distinct  is  well  defined,  as 
in  outline,  with  nothing  hazy,  dim,  or  confused.  That  is 
plain  which  is,  as  it  were,  level  to  the  thought,  so  that  one 
goes  straight  on  without  difficulty  or  hindrance;  as,  plain 
language;  a  plain  statement;  a  clear  explanation.  Perspicu- 
ous is  often  equivalent  to  plain,  but  plain  never  wholly  loses 
the  meaning  of  unadorned,  so  that  we  can  say  the  style  is 
perspicuous  tho  highly  ornate,  when  we  could  not  call  it  at 
once  ornate  and  plain.  Compare  apparent;  blank;  evi- 
dent; fine;  free;  innocent;  manifest;  plain;  pure;  sure; 
vivid. — Ant.:  ambiguous,  cloudy,  dim,  dubious,  foggy,  indis- 
tinct, mysterious,  obscure,  opaque,  turbid,  unintelligible, 
vague. — clear 'Iy,  adv. — clear'ness,  n. 

clear,  n.    Unbroken  or  unobstructed  distance  or  space. 

clear,  adv.    Wholly;  completely;  quite;  clearly;  plainly. 

clear'ance,  1  kllr'ans;  2  cler'anc,  n.  1.  A  clearing.  2.  A 
certificate  permitting  a  vessel  to  sail. 

Cle-ar'chus,  1  kh-ar'kus;  2  cle-ar'cus,  n.  A  Spartan  general; 
treacherously  killed  by  Persians  in  401  B.  C. 

clear 'ing,  1  kllr'irj;  2  cler'ing,  n.  1.  A  making  or  becom- 
ing clear.  2.  That  which  is  clear  or  cleared;  a  tract  of 
cleared  land. — clear 'lng=house",  n.  An  office  where 
bankers  exchange  drafts  and  checks  and  adjust  balances. 

clear'starch"',  1  kllr'startfh";  2  cler'Btarch",  vt.  To  stiffen 
with  clear  or  pure  starch,  as  wearing-linen. 

Clear 'sto"ry,  j  1  klIr'sto"n;  2  cler'sto'ry,  n.     1.  The  highest 

clcre'sto"ry,  $  story  of  the  nave  and  choir  of  a  church,  with 
windows  opening  above  the  aisle-roofs,  etc.  2.  A  similar 
story  or  elevated  part  in  the  roof  of  other  structures. 

Cleat,  1  kilt;  2  clet.  I'1.  vt.  To  furnish  or  strengthen  with 
a  cleat  or  cleats.  II.  n.  A  strip  of  wood  or  iron  fastened 
across  other  material,  or  nailed  against  a  wall,  etc.  [  < 
V  of  CLOT.] 

cleav(elp,  1  kliv;  2  clev;  v.  [cleft,  clove  or  clave; 
cleft,  clo'ven  or  CUBAV(e)d8;  ci.kav'ing]  I.  t.  1.  To 
divide  forcibly;  cut  through;  sunder;  split.  2.  To  make 
by  cutting  or  hewing.  3.  To  pass  through;  penetrate. 
II.  i.     To  divide  by  natural  lines  of  cleavage';  split.     [  < 

as.  cleOfan.]    Syn.:  see  cut;  rend,    cleav'a-bl(ep(  <i. 

cleav'age,  n.    1.  A  cleaving  or  being  Heft ;  B  split ;  cleft;  di- 
vision.   2.  A  tendency  In  a  rock  or  crystal  to  divide  In  certain 

directions.— clcav'cr,  n.    One  who  or  that  which  oleavea;  a 

butchers'  chopper, 
cleave'',  w.    [cleaved;  cleaved  or  clave ||;  cleav'tno.] 

To  stick  fast;  cling;  adhere.    [  <  AS.  clifi.au,  clt iofian.] 

Cleav'ers,  1  kllv'iirz;  2  elev'ers,  n.  pi.    Any  of  various  species 

of  bedstraw:  so  called  because  of  the  hooked  prickles  on  stem 

and  fruit.  [as  chickens;  litter, 

deck,  1  klek;  2  clek,  vt.  &  vi.  [Scot.  &  Prov.  Ens  1  To  hatch, 

cleek,  lklIk;2clek,tJf.  &vl.  [Scot!  To  clutch;  hook. 


cleek,  n.    1.  A  large  hook;  a  crooked  staff;  a  clutch.    2.  Golf. 

A  club  with  an  iron  head. 
clef,  1  kief;  2  clef,  n.  Mus.  A  character  placed  upon  the 

staff  to  determine  the  pitch.    [F.] 


IPP 


tgiir.i 


Clefs,  Showing  Position  of  Middle  C  as  indicated  by  each. 

1.  Treble  or  G  clef.      2.  Base  or  F  olef.      3,  4,  5.  C  olefs:  3,  Soprano  clef;  1,  Alto 

clef;  5,  Tenor  clef. 

cleft,  1  kleft;  2  cleft,  imp.  &  pp.  of  cleave,  v. 

cleft,  pa.    Divided  partially  or  completely. 

cleft,  n.    1,  An  opening  made  by  cleaving;  fissure;  crevice; 
rift.     2.  A  chap  in  the  human  skin,  or  a  crack  in  the 
pastern  of  a  horse's  foot.    [  <  Ice.  kluft.] 
Syn.:  see  breach. 

cleis-tog'a-mous,  1  klais-teg'a-mus;  2  clis-tOg'a-mus,  a.  Bot. 
Having  non-expanding  and  self-fertilizing  flowers,  clels"- 
to-gam'iel. — clels-tog'a-my,  n. 

clem'a-tis,  1  klem'a-tis;  2  cl8m'a-tis,  n.  A  perennial 
flowering  plant  or  vine  of  the  crowfoot  family.  [  <  Gr. 
klematis,  <  klema(t-),  vine.] 

Cle"men"ceau',  1  kle"mau»s6';  2  cle'mah'co',  Georges 
Eugene  (1841—        ).    A  French  politician  and  journalist. 

clem'en-cy,  1  klem'en-si;  2  clem'en-gy,  n.  [-ciesz,  pi.] 
Mildness,  especially  toward  offenders;  leniency;  mercy; 
also,  mildness  of  climate,  weather,  etc.  [  <  L.  dementia, 
<  clemen(t-)s,  mild.]  Syn.:  see  lenity;  mercy.— clem 'ent, 
a.  Lenient;  mild;  pleasant.  Syn.:  see  humane;  merciful. 
— clem'eni-ly,  adv. 

Clem 'ens,  Samuel  Langhorne.    See  Mark  Twain. 

Clem'ent,  1  klem'ent;  2  elem'ent,  n.  1.  One  of  17  popes  (3 
schismatic), especially:  (1)  C.I.  (  -100)  Clemens Romanus; 
supposed  fellow-laborer  of  St.  Paul.  (2)  C.  V.  (  -1314). 
Bertrand  de  Got;  removed  the  papal  seat  to  Avignon.  (3) 
C.  VII.  (1478-1534),  Giulio  de  Medici;  issued  a  bull  against 
Henry  VIII.  of  England.  (4)  C.  XIV.  (1705-1 774)  Giovanni 
Ganganelli;  decreed  the  suppression  of  the  Jesuits,  1773.  2. 
C.  of  Alexandria  (150-220),  a  Christian  Father;  exiled  by 
Severus.    Titus  Flavius  Clemens*. 

clench,  1  klench;  2  clench.  I',  vt.  1.  To  grasp  or  grip 
firmly.  2.  To  close  tightly,  as  the  fist  or  teeth.  3.  To 
clinch.  II.  n.  A  clenching;  firm  grip;  clinch.  [Of  AS. 
origin.] — clench'er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  clenches;  a 
clenching-tool;  an  unanswerable  argument,    clinch'erj. 

clenet,  a.  &adv.    Same  as  clean. 

Cle"o-bu'lus,  1  kiro-biu'lus;  2  cle'o-bu'lus,  n.  A  Greek 
lyric  poet  of  the  6th  century  B.  C;  one  of  the  Seven  Sages. 

Cle-om'e-nes,  1  kll-em'i-niz;  2  cle-6m'e-ne§,  n.  A  king  of 
Sparta;  died  220  B.  C. 

Cle'on,  1  kli'en;  2  cle'6n,  n.  An  Athenian  demagog  of  the  5th 
century  B.  C. 

Cle"o-pa'tra,  1  kiro-pe'tra;  2  cle'o-pa'tra,  n.  (69-30  B.  C.) 
Queen  of  Egypt;  in  Shakespeare's  Antony  and  Cleopatra. 

Cle-os'tra-tus,  1  kll-es'tra-tus;  2  cle-os'tra-tus,  n.  A  Greek 
astronomer  (  -432  B.  C?) ;  arranged  the  signs  of  the  zo- 
diac. 

clepe,  1  klip;  2  clep,  vt.  [cleped,  clept,  ycleped,  y-clept'. 
clep'ing.]    To  name;  call.    [<  AS.  cleopian.] 

clep'sy-dra,  1  klep'si-dra;  2  clep'sy-dra,  n.  [-dr.e,  pi.]  An 
Ancient  water-clock.  [<  Gr.  klepsydra,  <  klepto,  steal,  + 
hydor,  water.] 

clep"to-ma  'iii-a,  re.    See  kleptomania. 

clere'sto"ry,  re.    Same  as  clearstory. 

cler'gy,  1  klur'ji;  2  cler'gy,  n.  [cler'gies*,  pi.]  Tho 
body  of  men  ordained  to  the  Christian  ministry.  (("■r.'','+OF 
klSrikos;  see  clerk,  nj — regular  clergy  (R,  C.  Ch.),  the 
body  Of  ecclesiastics  bound  by  monastic  rules  (undistinguished 
from  secular  c,  those  not  bound  by  such  rules).  —  cler'gy- 
man,n.    [-men, pi.]    One  of  the  clergy;  a  Christian  minister 

Cler'ic,  lkler'ik;2  cleVie.  I.  a.  Clerical.  II.  re.  A  clerk 
in  holy  orders. 

Cler'i-cal,  1  kler'i-kal;2  cler'i-cal,  a.  1.  Of,  belonging  to, 
or  characterizing  the  clergy.  2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a 
clerk  or  clerks  or  penmanship,  clerical  error,  an  error 
of  Inadvertence  In  a  writing,  as  In  a  record  or  Other  docu- 
ment.— cler'l-cal-lsm,  n.  The  principle  or  policy  at  cler- 
ical control  over  education,  marriage  laws,  public  charities, 
etc.     clcr'l-cal-lst,  a.  St  re. 

cler'l-sy,  1  kler'i-si;2  cler'l-sy,  re.    The  literati, 

Clerk,  1  klurk;2  clerk  {Eng.  1  klurk;  2  dark),  n.  1.  One 
who  keeps  records  or  accounts;  a  seoretary;  assistant. 

2.  [Colloq.,  U.  B.]  A.  salesman.    8.  Ana.  Ch.  one  who 

leads  in  the  responses.      4||.    [Eng.]    A   cleric;  anciently, 
any    learned    person.        [<  Qr.Al    kllrikOB,    clerical.]— 
clerk 'll-ness,     n .- clerk 'Iy.     a.       clerk  'like},     clerk'- 
-  hip.  n. 
clench,  1  kllun;  2  cIQh,  n.  [Scot.]  A  dough;  also,  a  steep  de- 


i  i.  » rland 

■  l.iull 


I  i  ..  ■•       'il'l,  iO!.-:    I.HI.  LOrn; 

.  .     i  iii  i  r,  »«\u,     W'i 


t.r.o.  r 


- 1 11 1 1 

I. Kill 


i  I.   «  . 


.  II.  k. 


.  I.  i    .  r-iic*-.. 


Kilrrup-Hhuiicri 

.  roll  up  into  a 

' 

mock  i.-  slung 
i  Iik    .     i  hw  '•line*, 
up  to  the  yards, 

I  ,.r  CBUSI 


■!.  [Soldi  i 

sharp,  ..r  dull 
'i.  A  del 


.11     .Ml.    | 
.    ||     •    Il-I.    I 

■  inr.  ; 

rll-lna,     (. 


I 

II        I 

I  .  ,:.l.r.  -I  :i 

I   an   :ui- 

ii  •  M-.  > .         iii.  ni-.iio-.         ell  'ent-al, 

body  hi 
wins.    [K] 
■■•ck.  as  mi  the 
.  in  ■ 

ar*mak-ter'ik;  2  eH- 
i       f  or  pertaining  to  a  cU- 

•M-mu     II.  !  taming    Ui    or    designating   ;i 

• 
•  und  of  a  ladder.  <  kltmax, 
.  li    in  ii  -Iff  i-i  .1   . 
rll-mai    (•  r-l.  |  marked 

change  a«  In  human  lilt-      kmihI  I  limn  terll  . 

<  li  in  kte,  l.   .       temperature 

neat  li- 
on; clime.    [  <  Gr. 

tllir.  I  ll-m.il    ic.  rll'- 

rll"ma-toI'o-gj  •  "      I 

<  1 1  "ni.i-l  ••!  'i»-kI--(  ,    ■.       cll'ma-lurc. 

1  • 

inating 
I   •   klimax, 

I-  -it.  or  i  i.iimh 

■  if  the 
like;  mount .  ! 
II.  j 

<  limb'a-bl  e  . 
in.   ti-ir  .  -.-r   ii.hIi. 

•  in  land,  ow Ing  to  the 

cllmb'- 

ihl:  i  "run-.      ,../.   Iron  bars  bearing 

i  limb  '■  r-   . 

rll-naii  thl-iiin.  .  -din,  n.   f-nu- 

a.  ;< 

<  lltH  h  .  2  <  II.  firmly, 

aa  a  -vri  the  protruding 

't.  To 
II. 

mother. 
fVar  •'  clinch 'er,i  cllnk'erj. — 

cllorh'er  .built",  -i.    .-*.-•:  '.LINtlR-BUILT. 


1    ll     Mill. 

cllnib,  . 

climber. 

•  limb 

ine  |.  reft 

rllmb 

i  Inn.  . 

i  iin.  ii.  I.    \  clinching,  or  thai   which  olincl         i 

I  nail  or  boll    n  di  elan  e  argument     '.'•  \  I 

,  half*hitch  ai  :t.    <  lolloq., 

1 1 .  \  pun. 
.  i<  in  ii 
i  ling,  I    I.  t.    111. 

■ 
ll.         i . •  hold  "ii  i"  -...mi  ilnnt-  iii  ml\ .  .i  •  by 
ring,  or  winding  round;  adhere  tena- 
nt Sri  vol .  1 
i  ling  stone*,  i  I.  a.    Ha\  log  t h<- 
pulp  ndln  •■  ui  in  i  '■•                     .  li  nil.     11.  n.     A  clli 
.  in, 
■  Iin  'lc,  1               2  clln'ii                      '  instruction  :ii  the 
bedside  ol  patient  ■     [<  Gr.'JMt          ,  of  a  bod  |    cll"- 
nlque'f.     clln'l-eal.o     Of  or  pertaining  to  a   lol   bedora 
-i\.           ell- nl 'elan,  i      in  active  practitioner  ol 
medicine:  distinguished  ir..ni  a  teachci  m  from  one  who  is 
i  clinical  lecturer, 
clink,  L  klirj                   I                  I  •  I 

to  make,  a  clink,    '!.  To  strike  smartl}      II.  n      \  slight 
ill  metallic  bodies  in  eol- 

cllnkVr ,  l  kliok'er;  2  cllnk'er,  n     A  ihmg  thai  "links, 

especially  i  partly  melted  mass  left  by  coal  in  burning. 
clinker.  \    .  I.  in  li.  i       cllnk'er  built",    a     Xaul. 

Hunt  uiiii  overlapping  and  riveted  plan 
I'li-iiiini  'e-ter,  1  kini  nem'i 

in. 'in  fur  determining  angular  Inclination.    [<   Or.  klino, 

bend,   •   -meter.]    cli"in>-niet 'ric, a. 
elln'qnant,  1  kllQ'kant; 2  ellnlunt. a     Glittering,    ii' .1 
Clin 'ton,  1  klln'tan;2  elln'ton,  n     I.  l»r  win    1769   1828), 

an   American   lawyer  and  statesman;  bod  ol  Jami         '• 

George     1739    1812  .  an    Unerlcan  statesman;  brother  of 
\  Ice-Prealdent,     :i.    sir   llt-nr>    1 1738   179 

English  general;  commander»ln»chlel  In  Amerii 

James    1 736   1812  .  an  American  general. 
(H'ii.  I  kiui'o;  2  cll'o,  n.  Cla$s.  Myth.  The  muse  of  epic  poetry 

'.iry. 

dip  .  I  klip;  2  ellp,  <i     [«  ufped*  or  clipt;  i  up'pnra.]    1. 

In  trim  with  shears;  shear,    2.  To  snip  a  part  from,  as  a 

ruin.     [<     toe.  JUippa,  clip.]     Syn.:  see  bbtbbncb 
clip's  rf.    To  clasp;  embrace;  hold  tightly.    [<  kS.clyp- 

clasp  I 
dip  ',  ,       To  move  swiftly;  speed.    I  <  •  - 1 . 1 1- ' .  ».] 
clip',  n.    The  act  of  clipping,  or  that  which  is  clipped  off; 

the  wool«product  of  one  shearing  or  season, 
clip-,  n.    A  clasp,  :is  fur  holding  letters,  etc. 
clip 'per,  1  klip'er;  2  ellp'er,  ".    One  who  or  that  which 

clips;  :i  swift  Bailing  vessel, 
dip 'pine,  l  klip'in;  2  ellp'ing,  n.    1.  The  act  of  one  who 

or  that  which  clips.    2.  That  which  i  orout. 

clique.  1  kiik:  2  iilk.    I*,  it.  &  H.    [Colloq.]    To  unite  In  a 

clique;  act   clannlshly.    II.  n.    An  exclusive  or  clannish 

set;  coterie.    Il'l    Syn.:  see  class     cUqo'lsh,  a.    -ly,  adv. 

-in--. 
CUs'the-nes,  1  klls'thi-ni/  ,  n      \n   \thenlan 

in  of  the  Dili  century  B.  C. 
clls-tog'a-moas,  a. 
(  ll'tus,  l  klal'tus;  2  cll'tos,  n.    An  officer  under  Alexander 

the  f  ;rr:ii  win. in  Alexander  kiiir.i  ai  a  banquet,  328  B.  C. 
CUve,  1  klolv;2  ellv,  Robert,  Lord    1726    1774).    An  English 

general:  founded  British  Indian  empire. 

ilk.       '        i   li-rk. 

elo-a'ea,  l  kl  i  I'ea,  «.    [-cm,  l  -ai;  2  -<:<•,  pi.]    1. 

The  common  cavity  Into  which  the  various  ducts  of  the  body 

open,  in  certain  nsh. ■■;,  reptiles,  ''.  a  Bewer; 

privy.   [LJ-  clo-a'cal,  a. 

iloak  ,  ]  klSk;  2  <-lok.  v.    1. 1.    To  cover  with  a  cloak;  ilis- 

eal.     II.  (.    To  put  on  a  cloak.    Syn.:  see  iiidk; 

U  \sk;  PALLIATE. 

cloak,  a.    1.  A  loose  outer  garment.    'J.  Something  that 
covers  or  bides;  a  preti  ■  I  -"  OF.  cloque,  < 

u.    cloca,  lull]    clokcf.    Syn  i      eloak'< 

ban"',  ii      a  portmanteau 
i  Imk  .  ;  :j  el6k,  n.    An  instrument  for  measuring 

:mil  indicating  time  by  mechanical  movements.     [< 
•  ii,    clock 'wise,  a.    In  the  direction  traveled 

' l   of  a  clock,    clock 'work",  n.    The  machinery 

oek,  or  any  similar  mechanism. 
clock  .  n     An  embroidered  ornament  on  a  stocking,  as  at  the 

ankle,    clocked,  a. 

clml,  l  kloil;2  elod.    I. vt .  &m.    [i  Lon'nzrj ';  cxod'dinq.] 

i        i  throw  clods  or  atones  (at)     2.  To  turn  into  clods 

II.        I.  A  lump  of  clay  or  the  like;  hence,  the  soil.    2. 

■  ■ :       indgro       [Prob        Dan. i  loa\  .  globe  | 

elod'dy,  a      i.  i-  nil  ol  clods,    'i.  Like  a  clod;  lumpish. 

my;  low;  sensual     elod 'dish  t-      clod'dlsb-ness, 

n      clod 'iiop"per,  n.     A  plowman;   rustic;  lout,     elod'- 

patc",  n.     A  Hlupld  fellow;  blockhead,     clod'polet;  clwd'- 

pellj.— clod'«pat"ed,  «. 


1: a  =  final;    l=hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Ifi  =  feud;    cllin;    go;    n  =  sin0;    thin,   this.     Cleveland 
163     2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  dil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  Cloven 


clog,  1  klog;  2  clog,  v.  [clogged,  clogd8;  clog'ging.1  I. 
t.    To  put  a  clog  on;  hinder;  choke  up;  obstruct.    H.  i. 

1.  To  become  choked  up;  be  hindered  or  retarded.  2. 
To  adhere  in  a  mass.     Syn.:  see  hinder;  obstruct. 

clog,  n.  1.  Anything  that  impedes  motion,  as  a  block  at- 
tached to  an  animal  or  a  vehicle;  encumbrance;  hin- 
drance. 2.  A  wooden-soled  shoe.  [Allied  to  clay.]  Syn.: 
see  impediment;  load. — clog'sdance",  n.  A  dance  with 
clogs  or  other  shoes  whose  clatter  keeps  time  with  the  music. 
— clog'gl-ness,  n.— clog'gy,  a. 

clol"son-ne',  1  klwa'zo-ne';  2  clwa"so-ne',  n.  A  method  of 
producing  designs  in  enamel  by  laying  out  the  pattern  with 
strips  of  flat  wire  and  Ailing  the  interstices  with  enamel* 
paste,  which  is  then  fused  in  place;  also,  the  ware  so  pro- 
duced.   [F.] — doi"son-ne',  a. 

clois'ter,  1  kleis'tar;  2  clois'ter.  I.  vt.  1.  To  seclude; 
confine,  as  in  a  cloister.  2.  To  provide  with  cloisters. 
II.  n.  A  covered  walk;  hence,  a  monastery;  convent. 
[<  L.OF  clauslrum,  enclosed  place,  <  claudo,  close.] 

Syn.:  abbey,  convent,  friary,  hermitage,  monastery,  nun- 
nery, priory.  Cloister,  abbey,  convent,  and  priory  are  for 
either  sex;  a,  friary  is  always  for  men,  a  nunnery  for  women, 
a  monastery  commonly  for  men.  A  priory  (governed  by  a 
prior  or  prioress)  is  inferior  in  dignity  to  an  abbey  (governed 
by  an  abbot  or  abbess).  The  word  monastery  lays  stress 
upon  the  loneliness  (Gr.  monos,  alone) ;  convent  emphasizes 
the  association  of  its  inmates  (L.  convenio,  assemble).  A 
hermitage  was  originally  for  a  single  recluse,  but  the  word 
came  to  be  applied  to  collections  of  hermits'  cells. 

— clois'ter-er,  n.  A  dweller  in  a  cloister. — clols'tral,  a. 
Of  or  pertaining  to  a  cloister;  secluded,  clols'ter-alj. — 
clois 'tress,  n.    A  nun. 

cloket,  v.  &  n.    Cloak. 

clombt,  clomb'ent,  imp.  &  pp.  of  climb. 

clon'ic,  1  klen'ik;  2  clon'ie,  a.  Characterized  by  convulsive 
contractions  and  relaxations  of  the  muscles;  as,  clonic 
spasms.    [<  Gr.  Monos,  motion.) 

cloot,  1  kbit;  2  cloot,  n.  [North.  Eng.  &  Scot.]  1.  A  cloven 
hoof,  or  one  of  its  parts.  2.  pi.  The  devil.  [Var.  of  cleav- 
er1, n.]    clutej. 

cloo'tie,  1  klu'ti;  2  cloo'ti,  n.  [North.  Eng  &  Scot.]  The  devil. 

Clootz,  1  klots;  2  clots,  ("Anacharsls")  Baron  Jean 
Baptiste  (1755-1794).      French   revolutionary;   executed. 

close,  1  kloz;  2  cl5§,  v.  [closed;  clos'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
shut  by  bringing  external  parts  together,  as  the  mouth. 

2.  To  fill  or  obstruct,  as  an  opening  or  passage;  stop; 
shut  up.  3.  To  bring  to  or  together,  as  a  door  or  the 
lips.  4.  To  bring  the  parts  of  together;  shut  up,  as  a 
knife  or  book.  5.  To  bring  to  an  end;  terminate;  con- 
clude. 6.  To  bring  into  contact;  join,  as  the  parts  of  an 
electric  circuit.  II.  i.  1.  To  come  together  so  as  to  en- 
close something.  2.  To  come  to  an  end;  terminate.  3. 
To  grapple;  join  battle.  4.  To  join;  coalesce;  unite; 
come  to  an  agreement.  [  <  L.F  clausus,  pp.  of  claudo, 
close.]     Syn.:  see  effect;  end. — clos'er,  n. 

close,  1  klos;  2  clos,  a.  1.  Shut  in;  confined;  cramped  or 
limited ;  secluded ;  secret.  2.  Closed ;  fast  shut.  3.  Near, 
or  near  together,  in  space,  time,  etc.  4.  Having  parts  or 
objects  near  each  other ;  dense ;  compact.  5.  Trusfcy ;  in- 
timate; as,  close  friends.  6.  Near  to  some  aim,  purpose, 
or  standard;  as,  a  close  imitation.  7.  Watchful;  strict; 
searching;  as,  close  attention.  8.  Nearly  even  or  equal; 
as,  a  close  contest.  9.  Secretive;  reticent.  10.  Avari- 
cious; stingy.  11.  Ill-ventilated;  stifling;  oppressive.  12. 
Gram.  Pronounced  with  lips  partly  closed.  13.  Shut 
or  restricted  by  law;  not  open  or  free;  confined  to  a  few; 
as,  a  close  corporation.  14.  Fitting  tightly  or  snugly. 
Syn.:  see  adjacent;  avaricious;  firm;  immediate;  im- 
penetrable; taciturn. 

— close'=bod"ied,  a.  1.  Fitting  closely,  as  the  body  of  a 
coat.  2.  Close-grained. — c. 'listed,  a.  Extremely  disin- 
clined to  give;  miserly,  r.-liantlcd  ; . — c. -listed  iicss,  n. 
c.=handednesst.--e. 'grained,  a.  Compact  In  growth  or 
structure;  solid:  said  of  wood,  crystals,  etc  —C.  "hauled,  a. 
Naul.  Having  the  sails  set  for  sailing  as  close  to  the  wind  as 
possible. — cseason,  n.  That  pari  of  the  year  In  which  it  is 
unlawful  to  catch  or  kill  specified  kinds  of  fish  and  game. 
f.-llmr  . . — c. "Stool,  n.  A  covered  box  containing  a  cham- 
ber-stool.— c."tongued,a  Inclined  to  keep  silent;  secretive. 
— close'ly,  adv.    closet. — close'ness,  « 

close1,  1  kloz;  2  clog,  n.  1.  The  end;  conclusion.  2.  A 
grapple.    3.  A  junction;  meeting. 

close2,  1  klos;  2  clos,  n.  1.  An  enclosed  place;  land  ad- 
joining a  house.  2.  A  narrow  lane  or  passage.  [  < 
OF.  clos.] 

close,  1  klos;  2  clos,  adv.    Closely. 

clos'et,  1  klez'et;  2  elog'Ct.  I'1,  vt.  To  shut  up  or  conceal; 
admit  to  a  private  interview.  II.  n.  1.  A  small  cham- 
ber, side  room,  or  recess  for  storage  or  privacy.  2.  The 
private  chamber  of  a  ruler,  used  as  a  council»chamber, 


or  as  a  chapel  for  devotion.  3.  A  water-closet;  privy 
[OF.,  dim.  of  clos,  close.] — clos'et,  a. 

clo'sure,  1  klo'jur;  2  cld'zhur,  n.  1.  A  proceeding  to  stop 
debate  in  a  deliberative  body  in  order  to  secure  a 
prompt  vote.  2.  A  closing  or  enclosure;  that  which 
closes  or  encloses.    3.  A  conclusion ;  end ;  close. 

clot,  1  klet;  2  clot.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [clot'ted11;  clot'ting.] 
To  form  into  clots;  coagulate;  fill  or  cover  with  clots. 
II.  n.    A  coagulated  mass. — dot'ty,  a.    clot'tedj. 

cloth,  1  kl6£h;  2  cloth,  n.  1.  A  woven  fabric,  as  of  wool, 
silk,  flax,  cotton,  etc. ;  a  piece  of  such  fabric.  2.  Clerical 
attire;  hence,  the  clerical  office;  the  clergy.  3f.  Rai- 
ment; clothes.  [<  AS.  clath.]— cloth  '"yard",  n.  An 
old  measure  for  cloth,  27  inches.— c. "yard  shaft,  an  early 
English  arrow  for  the  longbow,  supposed  to  be  a  cloth-yard 
in  length. 

clothe,  1  kloth;  2  cloth,  vt.  [clothed  or  clad;  cloth'- 
ing.]  I.  t.  To  cover  or  provide  with  clothes;  dress;  in- 
vest. II||.  i.  To  wear  or  put  on  clothes.  [  <  AS. 
clalhian,  clothes.] 

clothes,  1  klothz;  2  cloths,  n.  pi.  1.  The  articles  of  rai- 
ment worn  by  human  beings;  garments  collectively;  rai- 
ment ;  clothing.  2.  Covering  for  a  bed.  bed  'clothes"};. 
[<  AS.  clathas,  pi.  of  clath,  cloth.]  Syn.:  see  dress. — 
clothes '"press",  n.     A  closet  for  clothes. 

cloth 'ier,  1  kloth'ysr;  2  cloth'yer,  n.  One  who  makes  or 
sells  cloths  or  clothing. 

cloth'ing,  1  kloth'in;  2  eloth'ing,  n.  Dress  in  general; 
garments;  raiment:  apparel;  covering.     Syn.:  see  dress. 

Clo'tho,  1  klo'tho;  2  clo'tho,  n.  Class.  Myth.  The  youngest 
of  the  three  Fates,  holding  the  distaff  and  spinning  the  thread 
of  life:  supposed  to  preside  at  births. 

clo"ture',  1  klo"tur';  2  cl6"tiir',  n.    Same  as  closure,  n., 

1.  [F.] 

Cloud'1, 1  klaud;  2  cloud,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  cover  with  clouds; 
dim  or  darken;  obscure.  2.  To  cover  with  obloquy.  3. 
To  variegate,  as  marble.  II.  i.  To  be  overcast  with  or 
as  with  clouds. 

cloud,  n.  1.  A  mass  of  visible  vapor  floating  in  the  air; 
any  cloud-like  mass.  2.  Something  that  obscures,  dark- 
ens, dims,  confuses,  or  threatens.  3.  A  dimmed  appear- 
ance; a  spot.  4.  Law.  A  defect;  blemish;  as,  a  cloud  on 
a  title.  5j|.  A  great  multitude;  a  cloud-like  mass;  as,  "a 
cloud  of  witnesses"  (Hcb.  xii,  1).  [<  AS.  clud,  round 
mass.] — cloud 'ber"ry,  n.  A  species  of  raspberry. — cloud '- 
burst",  n.  A  sudden  Hood  of  rain,  as  if  a  whole  cloud  had 
been  discharged  at  once. — cloud  '"drift",  n.  A  mass  of 
broken  and  flying  clouds.  c.=rackt.  —  cloud 'less,  a.  Un- 
clouded; clear.  -ly,  adv.— cloud  'y,  a.  [cloud'i-er; 
cloud'i-est.]  1.  Overspread  with  clouds.  2.  Of  or  like  a 
cloud  or  clouds.  3.  Obscure;  vague;  confused.  4.  Gloomy; 
sullen.  5.  Not  limpid  or  clear.  6.  Marked  with  cloud-like 
spots.  Syn.:  see  obscure.  —  cloud'i-ly,  adv. — cloud 'I- 
ness,  n. 

clough,  1  kluf  or  klau;  2  cluf  or  clou,  n.  1.  A  sluice  for  return- 
ing water  to  a  channel  after  the  flooding  of  a  Held  or  country. 

2.  A  gorge  or  ravine.    [Akin  to  tee.  kloft,  ravine.] 
Clough,  1  kluf;  2  cluf,  Arthur  Hush  (1819-1861).     An  En- 
glish poet  and  scholar. 

clour,  1  klflr;  2  elur,  [Scot]  I.  vt.  To  knock;  thump;  (lent. 
II.  n.    A  blow;  burn])  or  dent.     [Akin  to  Ice.  klora,  scratch.] 

clout1'1,  1  klaut;  2  clout,  vt.  1.  To  patch;  bandage.  2. 
To  protect  with  an  iron  plate. 

clout2'1,  vt.    [Colloq.]    To  beat;  cuff, 

clout3'1,  vt.    To  stud  with  iron  nails. 

clout1,  n.  1.  A  piece  of  cloth  or  leather;  patch;  rag.  2. 
The  center  ol  a  target.  :t.  An  iron  plate  (<  AS.  clut, 
<  W.  clwt.] — cloul'siiall",  n,  A  stub-nail  for  boot-  or 
shoe-soles;  a  flat-headed  nail  for  fastening  Iron  clouts. 

Clout2,  n.    A  short,  stout  nail. 

Clout3,  n.     [Colloq.]     A  blow;  cuff. 

clout',  n.    A  stupid,  loutish  person;  clod. 

clout'ed,  1  klaut'ed;  2  elout'ed,  pa.  Clotted.  See  also 
clout,  o. 

clout'er-ly,  1  klaut'ar-h;  2  clout'cr-ly,  a.  [Dial,  or  Obs.] 
Unhandy;  clumsy.    [<  clout1,  n.\ 

clove,  1  klov;2  clov,  imp.  of  fi.v.w  i  ,  <■ 

clove1,  n.    A.  dried  flower»bud  of  a  tropical  evergreen  tree 
(the  clove*  tree)  of  the  myrtle  family :  used  as  a  spioe 
[<  sp.  ciavo,  <  L.  Claras,  nail  (from  it:-  shape)  i    clove'« 

giriy-flow"er,   n.      Any   one   ol  tic   double" 

(lowered  varieties  of  the  |ilnk.  clow':|>lllk"I ;  clow'" 
gll'ly-flow"er[   [Seol  I 

Clove2,  n.  One  of  the  small  linlhs  formed  In  the  axils  Of  the 
scales  of  a  mother-bulb,  as  in  garlic     I  •     AS.  Cluf.] 

Clove3,  n.  |U.  S.j  A  cleft;  ravine;  mountain  pass.  (<  D. 
klove,  kloof,  cleft.] 

Clo'ven,  1  klo'vn;  2  clo'vn,  /it      Parted;   pp.  of  CLEAVE,  V. 

— clo'ven<foot"e<l,  n.  1.  Saving  Oil  fool  rieft  or  divided, 
2.  Satanic— c. "hoofed,  a. 


■>        \  i  .  .  I  '  I       '"'!.  'fll'-.   t  .til .  bOrn; 

*  .     i        i  i  a.  ,,oi,  Or,  wAn. 


164 


i     i  r 

i     i  - 

i 

.  IllN  . 

.  Int.  . 


I 

I 

.  |o«  ii   - 

.  Ion  ii  i ~ i> - 1  > . 

,  |oj    in.  hi    .  •. 


1      'II   ll'lUMi    ) 

II  minon 

iff  with 

ir k.  <1 
ngym- 

.  Illl. 

intcr- 

■  lump, 

I-  irith  ■  olaok     ll-  ■ 

he  bo:-  lick  i.r 

•      ■  t  I  in  k.    -.  |  .i.l     like    that 

■  Icks. 

-limbed 

'umber, 
I 

I.       I .  lant  to- 

«ole,  on 
II. 

it/um/'      dump'] .  . 
flump,  •  ift;  lump      |  <   1  > 


rlu.  k 


i  In 


.tin 


rlunr 

rlu    | 


<  lu    •l-Ulll.     i 
rlu-   I.  r. 


rllll 

•lui 


I   II.   c    I   I    M    Sl- 

rkward. 

(«K»  Mm,   OBASP. 
Iiim  '»l-n. 

ii.  rrmg*ll 

[Etruria. 

:-um.   n.     Ancient   city   In 

I  luce  in 

•  gather  in  a 

I.  bunch,  as  of 

'•■  -  ] 
l- 
1 1. 

Be  CATCH. 

i;  a  tight 
inly  ld  the  plural. 


clut    I.  r  .  I. 

II 


I 
II 


a,  «i*4  araW:   ! 
■  -   ,:      .•   -,-..,    ,    ,.   ,w 
•  •.       •••     • :   •  r  :..„  . 
kkh  ilHn  t  lato  amMctlen 


a«th  75  m. 

I.    Shield-shaped 
eld.  an  the  hea'l 


rl>. 


Ikr*  •   n     st til    An  Intestinal  In 

rorau  -. :nh  l 

ra-aei'tra,  ■  m-nes'tra.   n 

m  and  party  to 
hit  MMactDaUoo.  Anally  slain  by  Ore*  tea. 


i      H  i  alus  Murim.  Certificated  MuKr,  common 

1 1  III)    Mi'iul.rr        rill.'.  Obbt       i   nilllnrlrr. 

.in  I'.'.f.    i    UUlC  I  Ttlll- 

(       M     II..  i   , .nun. .ii    mil.  r   double       <       lli 

i.  .  '....:...,(  ,-i    Mir  had  and  Bt. 

i  nil    .  I    n    .  i    incus. 

(  nl  dui,  :       I'du     :'  nl'dos,  n     A  olty  In  Alia  Minor. 
«  noa  »ui,  i  .     ir. i, ini, null  oapltal  of  Onto, 

'.  ii  ii.  together     9m  i  ou 

•if  Hi.-  complement;  as,  raaoeant;  r.'Hlnc,  totan* 
[v  I.,  eomplrmrnium,  complvmoul  I 
C.O.i           I  ommandliig  officer.  Criminal  offloe,  Crown  Of- 
■ .  ii..  •  <  "..  <  obalt,  i ipimy. 

ni  nil.  |  1 1  i .  i.i     tutor  or  train; 

is  a  tutor  or  trainer     2.  To  carry  or  be 
,  oo  n'li     II.  «      I.  A  lai  .••  i.  ui-w  hoeli 
.'.   \  tutor;  i  miner     8,  \  railw 

car.  I  rnarli   and    four,  ■  ca.-li  drawn   by 

four      horses  roach '. 

.^ 

,&-   ^ 


i>..\ 


Hull 


\  coachman's 
■iliiit.  ii     \  i  i.ii- 
los  spotted  with 
i   white    - 
coach 'man,  a, 
pi  \    One  who  di 
r ..  :i  a  ii    or    h    carriage. 
coach  'it:  ;  coach 'y  t- 
ro"..u-r  ;  .1  ko'-iikt';  8  eO*«*ef,  d   Toad  or  work  together. 

ro".;ic'(loil,    a,      Action    III    concert        cn".ic'(l\    . 

A.-i Ins  oonourrently. 
co-act'-*1,  l  ko-akf ;  2  eo-4etf,  nt.    To  force;  compel;  ooeroe. 
I      i    eoaeto,  fr.-u   < > r  eogo;  see  coobni  i    co-ae'Uonii  n. 
i  impulsion  or  constraint,  -co-ac 't  I  v  («•*§,  u.    Having  power 
tn  constrain;  compulsory. 

Coad.i  Coadjutor,      [or  cO'a-Ju'tant.  a.     Cooperating. 

ro-.id'Ju-tant,  1  kii-aj'ii-t.int  nr  ko",,-)n'i  Bnl  .  8  '  0  U'U-tant 

co"ad-Ju't<»r,  l  ko'a-jQ'ter; 2  efi'a-ju'tor,  a.    A  coworker 
or  oolleague;  an  official  assistant.    |I>.,  <  co-,  with,  -+- 
adjwo.  aid.]    s.vn.:  bob  accessory;  kSBOCiATi;  Ai  mi.iarv. 
— co".nl-|ii  'tressa  ro"ad-Ju'trlx,  n./em. 

in-. i-  't.il.  Sllllir  as  niKVM,. 

co-a'gent,  1  ko-e'Jant;2co-ft'gent.  n.    A  Joint  agent;  coworker. 

co-ag'u-lafc,  1  ko-ag/yu-let;  2  co-iig'yu-lat,  t.     |-lat"- 

■    :!-..]    I.  /     To  change  into  a  cur  d*like  mass; 

curdle.    II.  i.    To  become  clotted  nr  curdled,    (<  I/. 

coagulants,  <  cago,   compel. |  —  co-ag"u-la-l)ll'l-t>',    n. — 

ro-:ii£'ii-la-l)lei-.    <i.     co-aK"u-la'tlon,    «.  —  co-ag'u-la- 

ili   e-,   i      co-:iK'u-la"tor,  n. 

co-an'u-len,  l  ko-ag'yu-len; 2  eo-ftgvyu-16nl  ".   A  powder  (<IN- 

Ibj  Prof    f/heodor  Koeher  of  Berne)  whloh  Instantly 

coagulation  or  biomi  when  dissolved  In  water  before 

ippUed. 

rn-.iu'ii-liiiii.  1  ko-ag'j'U-liim;  2  <<>-:"ik''\  u-linn.  n.     [-la,  pi.) 

Any  coagulated  mass,  usually  clot  t •  id  blood;  s  clot.    [L.] 
coal,  1  kol;  2  col,  tit.  &  vi.    To  supply  with  or  take  in  coal. 
inii.        1.  A  brittle,  compact,  amorphous  substanoe  de- 
rived from  ancient  vegetation;  found  in  beds  nr  veins  in 
the  earth  and  ii^.-.l  :is  fuel.    'i.  A  piece  of  coal  as  broken 
for  ii-.  .  such  pieces  collectively;  in  Greal  Britain  com- 
n  inn  I  \  used  in  the  plur;il    3.  A  tragmenl  ol  burned  wood, 
brown  coal,  lignite     coal 'flab",  n.    Avail- 
able Bah,  the  green  pollack  of  the  Atlantic,     eoal'aras",  n. 
1.  The  gas  produced  bj  the  combustion  of  coal.    'i.  Ordl- 
tllumlnatlng««as.    cheaier,  n.     one  who  loads  or 
unloads  coal      c.'hod,  n.     a  vessel  fur  carrying  coal  or 

putting  it  On  the  lire.      c. 'measures,  n.  pi.     Tli.it  division 

nt  the  Carboniferous  series  containing  the  workable  beds  of 

OOal      c.»oll,    n.     Petroleum.  --r.>plt,    n.     1.    A     pit     from 

which  mineral  coal  Is  obtained        'i.   A  pit  for  making  char- 

coal  e. "Scuttle,  n.  a  coal«hod,  c.«tar,  n.  The  black 
pitch  distilled  from  bituminous  coal. — coal'y,  a.  Pertaining 
to,  like,  or  containing  coal. 

co"a-lesce',  1  ko";i-les';2  e6"a-l.  •  id";  -i.i.si'- 

nra  |  To  grow  or  come  together  into  one;  fuse;  blend. 
[<  I.,  coalcsco,  <  co-,  with,  +  alo,  nourish.]  Syn.;  see 
i  -.nt.  co"a-lps'cence,  n.  A  coalescing:  union.  —  co"a- 
li-Yeiil.  a.     i. rowing  together;  united,  uniting. 

co"a-irtlon,  1  kd'e-lisVsn;  2  eCa-llsh'on,  n.    I.  An  al- 
Liance  of  persons,  parties,  or  states.    2.  Coalescence. 
Syn.:  see  alliance;  union. 

roam  Mng,  1  kom'tn ;  2  com'ing,  n.    A  raised  curb  about  a 
hatchway,  well,  nr  the  like.    (  =  combing.]  comb'lngt.. 

co  ":ip-ta'tlon,  1  kO'ap-tg'slian:  2  ro'ap-ta'shon,  n.     An  ad- 
01  or  lit  ting  together,  as  of  the  parts  of  a  broken  bone. 
[  <  L..  coaptaiu.1,  pp.,  <  co-,  with.  +  aptus,  apt. J 

f-n".irr-ta'tlon,  1   ko'ark-te'ifhan;  2   cO'arc-ta'shon,  n.     1. 
ire  or  contraction,  as  of  a  cavity  or  orifice.    2t.  Re- 
straint.   [<  L.  coarclalus,  pp.,  <  co-,  with,  +  anus,  close.) 

MMne,  1  kors;  2  core,  o.    1.  Composed  of  large  or  rough 
parts  or  particles;  not  fine  or  delicate.    2.  Inferior  in 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  habit;    aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    n  =  a'mg;    Chin,   this.  Clover 

165      2:wplf,  dft;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.      cockatoo 


[Var.  of  course;  i.  e.. 


immodest;    large; 


quality;  low;  vulgar;  indelicate 
in  course,  ordinary.] 

Syn.:    bluff;    brutish;    common 
rough;  rustic;  vulgar. 

—  coarse'ly,  adv. — coars'en,  vt.  &  rl.    To  make  or  be- 
come coarse  or  rough. — coarse  'ness,  n. 

coast,  1  kost;  2  cost.  IJ.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  sail  or  travel 
along  (a  shore  or  border).  2.  [U.  S.]  To  ride  down  a 
slope  by  force  of  gravity,  as  on  a  sled  or  bicycle.  II.  n. 
1.  The  land  next  to  the  sea;  the  seashore.  2||.  A  boun- 
dary; region:  chiefly  pi.  3.  [U.  S.]  A  coasting,  as  on  a 
sled.  [  <  OF.  coste,  <  L.  costa,  rib,  side.]  Syn.:  see  bank. 
— coast'al,  a. — coast'er,  n. — coast '=guard",  n.  1.  [Gt. 
Brit.]  Customs  agents  along  the  coast;  a  general  coast=po- 
lice.  2.  [U.  S.]  The  men  who  man  life-saving  stations.  3. 
A  member  of  either  ol  these  bodies.  —  coast'ward,  adv. 
Toward  the  coast,  coast'wardsj. — coast'wise,  a.  By 
way  of  or  along  the  coast;  as,  the  coastwise  trade,  coast'- 
waysf. 

Coast  Range.  An  irregular  range  of  mountains  in  California 
closely  adjacent  to  the  Pacific  coast. 

coat,  1  kot;  2  cot.  I*.  vt.  To  cover  with  or  as  with  a  coat, 
as  of  paint.  II.  n.  1.  An  upper  and  outer  garment  with 
sleeves:  usually  worn  by  men.  2.  Any  outer  covering, 
as  the  fur  of  an  animal,  or  a  layer  of  ice  or  paint.  [  < 
MHC.11*0*  kotze,  coarse  mantle.] — coat'=card"t,  n.  A 
playing=card  with  a  figure  wearing  a  coat:  now  corrupted  to 
court-card. — coat  of  arms  (Her.) ,  the  armorial  bearings  of  a 
person,  taken  collectively. — c.  of  mail,  a  defensive  garment 
of  chain  mail. — coat'ing,  n.  1.  A  covering  layer;  coat.  2. 
Cloth  for  coats. 

co-a'tl,  1  ko-a'tl;  2  eo-a'ti,  n.  [S.  Am.]  A  raccoon-like  mammal 
with  mobile  snout  and  a  long  ringed  tail,    co-al'- 
tit ;  co-a"ti-mon'dit. 

coax',  1  koks;   2  coks,  v.    1. 1.    To  persuade,  or 
seek    to   persuade,    by    gentleness    and    tact; 
wheedle;    win;    soothe.      II.  i.     To    use 
persistent    persuasion    or    cajolery.     [To 
make  a  coax  (dupe)   of,    <  F.  coquin,   <  L. 
coquus,  cook.] 

Syn.:  see  allure;  persuade. — coax 'or,  n. 

cob,  1  kob;  2  cob,  n.  1.  A  roundish  mass, 
heap,  or  lump.  2.  [U.  S.]  The  woody 
spike  of  an  ear  of  maize,  round 
which  the  kernels  grow,  corn's 
COb"J.  3.  A  strong,  thick-set, 
short-legged  horse.  4.  (1)  The 
male  of  the  swan.  (2)  A  spider. 
5.  A  compost  of  clay  and  straw  or 
the  like,  used  in  making  walls;  also, 
a  cob  wall.  6.  A  Spanish  dollar. 
[Var.  of  cop,  n.] — cob'^loaf",  n. 
loaf;  hence,  an  ill-conditioned  fellow. 

co'balt,  1  ko'bolt;  2  co'balt,  n.  A  tough  steel-gray  metal- 
lic element  that  forms  blue  pigments.  See  element.  [  < 
G.  toball;  prob.  same  as  kobold,  a  demon.)— co'balt-lc,  a. 
Of  or  containing  cobalt  in  its  triad  valence.— co'balt-ous, 
a.    Of  or  containing  cobalt  in  its  lower  valence. 

Cob'bett,  1  kob'et;  2  cOb'et.  William  (1762-1835).  An 
English-American  political  economist. 

cob'ble,  (  1  kob'l;  2  cob'l,  v.     [cob'bled,  cob'ldp;  cob'- 

cob'lp,  )  bling.]  I.  t.  1.  To  patch  or  repair,  as  boots; 
make  clumsily.  2.  To  pave  with  cobblestones.  II.  i. 
To  work  as  a  cobbler.  [  <  L.OF  copula,  join  together.] — 
COb 'bier,  n.  One  who  patches  boots  and  shoes;  a  clumsy 
workman. 

cob'ble',  n.    Same  as  coble. 

cob'ble-stone",  1  kob'1-ston";  2  cob'1-ston",  n.  A  round- 
ed water-worn  stone,  as  for  paving.    cob'ble2t. 

Cob'dcn,  1  kob'den;  2  col/den,  Richard  (1804-1865).  An 
English  statesman;  free-trade  advocate.  Coh'den-lsm,  n. 
The  political  policy  advocated  by  Richard  Cobden. 

Cob'ham,  1  keb'am;  2  cob/am,  Lord  (13607  1417).  Sir  John 
Oldcastie,  an  English  Lollard  leader;  burn!  in  London. 

cob'le,  1  kob'l;  2  cob'l,  n.  |<;t.  liril  |   A  Mat-bottomed  fishing- 
boat.    [<  W.  ccubal,  <ceuo,  hollow.]   cob'- 
ble 1. 

Co'blenz,   1   kO'blents;   2  eo'blents,  n.    A 

government  (1.7.51  sc|.   m.;   pop.   682,000), 

and  its  capital  city  (pop.  56,000),    Rhine 

province,  Prussia. 
cob'nut",  1  kob'nut";  2  cob'niit",  n.     1.  A 
large  variety  of  hazelnut.     2.  A  children's 

game  Willi  such  nuts. 

co 'bra,  1  ko'- 
br;>;  2  co'bra, 
n.  1.  A  very 
v  e  n  oin  o  u  s 
snake    of    In-  Cobra-de-capcllo.     i/u 

dia  that  can  dilate    its   neck    into  a   broad    hood.      2. 
An  allied  species  of  Africa;  the  asp.    [Pg.f  <  L.  colubra. 


Coatl. 
A  crusty,  lumpy 


snake.] — co'bra»de=[da  =  or  dl  =  |ca-pcl'lo,  n.    The  cobra  of 
India. 

cob 'web",  1  keb'web";  2  cob'wgb".  I.  »{.  [cob'webbed", 
cob'webd"8;  cob'web"bing.]  To  cover  with  or  as  with 
cobwebs.  II.  n.  1.  The  network  or  fine  thread  spun  by 
a  spider;  hence,  a  snare,  or  anything  fine-spun  or  flimsy. 
2.  pi.  Accumulated  rubbish.  [  <  cob  (perhaps  short  for 
ME.  altercop,  <  AS.  dtor,  poison,  +  cop,  head,  tuft)  4-  web1.) 
— cob'webbed",  pa.  1.  Covered  with  or  full  of  cobwebs. 
2.  Bot.  Bearing  entangled  cobweb-like  hairs. — cob'web"- 
by,  a.    Like  or  covered  with  cobwebs. 

co'ca,  1  ko'ka;  2  co'ca,  n.  [S.  Am.]  The  dried  leaves  of  a 
South-American  shrub,  used  as  a  tonic. 

co'ca-ln,    )  1  ko'ka-in  or  -in  (colloq.,  ko-ken') ;  2  co'ca-In 

CO 'ca-ine,  )  or  -in  (colloq.,  co-can'),  n.  A  white,  bitter, 
crystalline  alkaloid  obtained  from  coca:  used  as  a  local 
anesthetic. — co'ca-in-ism,  n.  A  morbid  condition 
produced  by  the  excessive  use  of  cocain;  coeain-poisoning. 

coc-cif  'er-ous,  1  kok-sif'er-us;  2  coc-clf'er-us,  a.  Bearing 
or  producing  berries.  [  <  Gr.  kokkos,  berry,  +  L.  fero, 
bear.] 

coe'eus,  1  kek'us;  2  cdc'us,  n.  [coc'ci,  pi.]  A  spherical  or 
nearly  spherical  bacterium.    [<  kokkos,  berry.) 

coc'cyx,  1  kok'siks;  2  c6c'cyks,  n.  [-cy'ges,  1  -sai'jlz;  2  -cy'- 
ge§,  pi.]  The  caudal  end  of  the  spine.  [Gr.l— eoc-cyg'e-al, 
a.    Of,  pertaining  to,  or  near  the  coccyx;  caudal. 

coch.,  cochl.,  abbr.  [L,.]  Cochlear  (a spoonful). — coch.  amp., 
abbr.  A  tablespoouful. — coch.  mag.,  abbr.  A  large  spoon- 
ful.— coch.  ined.,  abbr.  A  dessertspoonful. — coch.  parv., 
abbr.    A  teaspoonful. 

co'chin,  1  ko'cliin;  2  co'chin,  n.  A  variety  of  large  domestic 
fowl,  of  Asiatic  origin,  having  heavily  feathered  legs.  [< 
CocftiH-China.) 

Co'chin K'hi'iia,  1  ko'cTtin;  2  co'chin,  n.  The  southernmost 
state  (20,000  sq.  m.;  pop.  3,051,000)  of  French  Indo-China. 

COCh'1-neal,  1  kedh'i-nil;  2  coch'i-nel,  n.  A  dyestuff 
yielding  a  brilliant  scarlet  dye,  consisting  of  certain  in- 
sects (of  Mexico,  the  Canary  Islands,  and  Java)  killed 
and  dried  by  heat.  [  <  L.sp  coccinus,  scarlet,  <  Gr. 
kokkos,  berry.) 

coch'le-a,  1  kek'h-a;  2  c6c'le-a,  n.  [-le-.e,  pi.]  One  of  the 
passages  of  the  internal  ear,  usually  spiral.  [<  L.  cochlea, 
snail,  <  Gr.  kochlos,  shell-fish.]  —  coch'le-ar,  a. — coch'le- 
a-ry,  a.  Winding;  cochleate.— coch'le-ate,  a.  Spirally 
twisted  like  a  snail-shell,    coch'le-anj;  coch'le-af'edt. 

cock",  1  kek;  2  cok,  vt.  To  raise  the  cock  of  (a  gun  or 
pistol),  in  readiness  for  firing. 

cock2',  v.  I.  t.  To  turn  up  or  to  one  side,  as  the  head, 
ears,  etc.;  tilt;  prick  up.  lit-  i-  To  swagger.  [< 
cock1,  n.]— cocked  hat,  a  hat  with  brim  turned  up. 

cock31,  vt.    To  arrange  in  cocks,  as  hay. 

cock,  o.    Male;  as,  a  cock  lobster. 

cock1,  n.  1.  A  full-grown  male  of  the  domestic  fowl.  2. 
Any  male  bird.  3.  [Eng.]  A  leader;  champion.  4.  A 
faucet.  5.  The  hammer  of  a  firearm,  or  its  position 
when  raised.  6.  A  weathercock.  7.  Cock-crowing.  [  < 
AS. cocc  (imitative).]— cock'=and<bull",  a.  [Colloq.]  Highly 
improbable;  incredible;  absurd.  — c.=cye,  n.  A  squinting 
eye. — c.«eyed,  a.  Cross-eyed. — cflKht,  n.  A  battle  be- 
tween cocks,  especially  between  game-cocks.  <  .  mil.  b 
— C.sflghter,  n.  One  who  keeps  or  matches  fighting-cocks. 
— c. ^lighting.  I.  a.  Addicted  to  cock. lighting;  as,  a  cock' 
fighting  squire.  II.  n.  The  matching  of  game-cocks. — c.« 
laird,  n.  [Scot.)  An  owner  and  cultivator  of  a  small  piece  of 
land :  a  term  of  contempt .  c.  of  the  game  || ,  a  game-cock. 
c.  of  the  walk  or  of  the  loft,  one  who  lias  overcome  all  op- 
position; leader  or  chief.— c.ssure,  a.  Absolutely  sure;  per- 
fectly safe. — c.«sure,  adv.  Willi  absolute  certainly.  C.« 
surelyt.  [upward  bend  of  a  hat-brim. 

cock2,  n.   A  significant  tip  or  upward  turn;  a  pricking  up; 

cock3,  n.  A  small  conical  pile,  as  of  straw  or  hay.  [Akin 
to  Ice.  kbkkr,  lump.)— cock'horse",  n.  A  child's  rocking- 
horse;  hobby-horse. 

cock4,  n.  A  ship's  small  boat;  cockboat.  [<  F.  cixjue,  <  L. 
concha;  see  CONCH.]  [It,  coccn.  DOCK  of  an  snow  ) 

cock1,  n.    A  notch  in  an  arrow  or  crossbow  for  tho  string,    [< 
cock°t,  n.   a  corruption  of  "God":  used  in  oatha 
cock-adc',  1  kek-ed';  2  eok-ad',  n.    A  rosette,  knot  of 
ribbon,  or  the  like,  worn  on  Ha'  hat.     I  <  F,  COCarde,  < 

cm/,  cock1,  n.,  as  If  a  cock's  comb.l 

cock'=a=hoop",  1  kok'-n-liup"; :.'  cok'  a  hoop"     I.  a.    I. 

Elated;  set  up;  <>n  the  high  horse.     '-■  Tipsy;  jolly.    II. 

adv.    .lollily. 
Cock-algne',  l  bek-fln';2  e6k-an',  «     I.  An  imaginary  region 

of  luxury  and  ease.    't.  Same  as  COCKNKTDOM. 

cock''a<leek"le,  n.   same  as  coch  ieleekie. 

cock"a-lo'rum,  1  kok'a-lo'nmi;  \l  <  bk'a-lo'nim,  n.  [Slang.] 
a  oonoelted,  bumptlou  i  pet 

COCk"a-too',  1  kok",.-lii';2  eok*a  I""',  n  A  crested  par- 
rot oi  the  Mast  Indies  or  Australia.  [<  Hind,  kakatua, 
from  Its  cry.] 


,  ,  ,  I  l         ..  ■     I        ii        >)'■  ;   Inn,  t'flrn 

ii  i  i  ....      in,  «rtn 


lfifi 


I    ...     K       I.  .ft 


.    ..I     |  .1 

[  <  AS. 

■ 

pllk'rllllS. 

1 

-  furnace 

i. .1  ties  "( 

.  '»■) 

(roof. 

•■.  loft  under  tin- 

1.  born  within 

tirch,  in 

\  ing  the 

!   . 

: 

mi,  cck  \     <  <><  k  iii>  -iI.iiii  .   n.     The 

;!iurbs.— 

1.    \  pit  ..r  ring  for 

than  the 

1  ■ 

■'- 


I.  A  mark  to 

■ 

1 

MM  k-piir 


.*>  aln. 


\    ilnnk 

- 

■  -.  it  pro- 

1.  The  fruit 

. 
!. 

I 

! 
[  <  • 

-.'.  n  was 
10.   1914 


klllK      :, 
.  ...      Ill     . 

1  MM  lit 

1>I>    Ol 


<  ..-.  i    In-.    ,  W1///1. 

f  the  I 
i     <ii> 

.  ...i  .  h  ..I  i. - ■  1 1 1 »■  r  ii.'  northern 

..■.I  n-h         cod' 

.    ..I    lit.  r  i. II     oil  If" >ni 

malnutrition, 

i  ...i  .         i.   \  pod  -I  tiu  k     'i-   \  bag  "i  i  nvclop     |  AS 
■  ...i    pit  i .    .  p  attached  In 

men 
«  ..  i  . 

i  .>ii  .Mi-.    i    ked'l;  2   ■■■■li.  it      [cod'dlbd,  'du>*; 

i  mi  I  .      •  ■  .  id'di  in..  I     I  i   ui  nu  alid; 

cod',  ».,  bag,  pillow  i   8]  □  pam 

iiuiiiiir  i 

i  ..  I  .II.    .  II  '  In  water;  OOOl        I         I.  ■ 

nxli',  L  kod;2  <  I  ■  I  bod_y  of  law     '!• 

■  ■  in  ..I  -inn  ,.  ■  ,  ..r  words  w  itli  :irlni  in  \ 

in,  ai  inicate  intclligeni  ■      8. 

t.  in  Jations,     I  •.•  I.  '  i  "■/<  i,  • 

table)  I    s»n  :  see  law;  legislation,     civil  code,  a  oode 
Ling  the  civil  relation!  ol  cltlxena       criminal  c, 
penal  <  .  ■  code  denning  crlmei  and  prescribing  the  method 
'  punishment. 
eo'dei,  -,  n.    [cod'ih  i      ,        I.  \  manu- 

script in  uncial  characters,  especlall)  ol  I  iment. 

....  i  ion  ol  canons  or  ol  formulas,    -i-  \  code  of  laws. 
[I.  ]  [used  us  a  rood. 

cod'flsh",  l  ked'fisV;  2  eod'fbh*,  n,  A  cod,  or  its  flesh 
codg'er,  i  Br,  n.    A  ti  rty  or  eccentric  old 

flow     [Var.  oi  cadger,  beggar.] 
<oil'i-(il,  l  ked Veil;  2  cod'i  \  supplement  to  a 

will.    (<  L.  codiciWua,  dim  of  codex  {codic-),  writing.] — 
cod"l-ell'l-a-rj .      i        Inlngtoorof  thenatureofacodlcll. 
end 'i-fy,  1  ked'i-fai  or  k&'di-fai;  2  efid'i-fy  or  ed'di 

..  -i  i  in.,  j    To  systematise,  as  laws      «-«>d"l-ll- 

ra'lliiu,  n. 

codling  ,  l  Eed'hn:2  efid'Ung,  n.    a  voutj 

codllni  .  ..r  several  varieties  ol  >■ 

apple;  any  bard  apple  for  stewing.    [<  cud1,  n.\  i  . 
apple,  quince  I    <<>il  Tin  :. 
i  ■■»— •  il  'u-r  I'tion,  1  ko-i.j"u-[or  ed"yu-]k5'sh8n;  2  ■ 

u-|',i  I  ■  ion  ol  bol  h 

-   and   negroes,   together. — 450-ed"u-*a/- 

tlon-al,  a. 
rii'Vt-liYu-nt,    1    koV-fishVnt;   2    e6*8-flsh'ent.      I.    'i 

Jointly  efficient;  acting  together  to  :i  common  end     II. 

n     1.  A  cooperating  agent.    'I.  A  number  or  letter  put 

■  an  algebrai  l  which  is  tobe  multiplied 
by  that  number,    -i.  Physics   A  number  indicating  the 

.  by  a  substance.     co"ef- 

ii  ii.  n-c>,  n. 

(  o-liii  'i«T-a,   1   Bl-len'tar-e;  2  ce-lCn'ter-a,   n.  pi.     A 

branch  of  the  animal  kingdom  members  ol  which  have 

an  enteric  cavity  occupying  the  entire  interior  of  the 


Kxamples  of  ( 'ocoonfl. 

1.  American  silkworm      '.'.  f.'addU-*'.     3.   W<*,ll  Bate  bark.     4.  S.w«fly. 

nu  I  functioning  as  a  vascular  as  well  as  a  dig 
■i    including  Bea*anemorj  jellyfish,  etc 

■■.now,    +■   enteron.  Intestine.]     CoB-len"- 
t'r-;ri.i:.    coMen'ter-ate,  coMen'tere,  u.  &  n. 

rn-'ll-ar,  B.     .-aim-  as  i  BLIAC. 

in  'no-lille.  n  oBITE. 

io-e  '(|iial,  1  ko-i'kw;.l;  2  eo-6Tcwal.  I.  a.  Of  the  same 
value  or  importance;  equal  ami  conjoined.  II.  n.  The 
equal  of  another  or  oth 

i  ■«!-<  n  i  ',  .  :.'.  2  eo-erc/,  vt.    [co-ebced'';  co-ekc'^ 

in1.]  To  constrain  l>y  force  or  fear;  compel;  restrain 
or  repress.  I-'  I.  ee-,  together,  +  arceo,  press.)  Syn.:  see 
i  o-ere'l-bl'e'',  n  ro-er'rlon,  n.  1.  Moral  or 
n .pulsion.  2.  Government  by  force  :\.  ((im- 
pression; pressure. — co-er'clv(e8,  a.  Serving  or  tending  to 
coerce.    8yn_-  see  absolute. 


l:a=  final;    i  =  hablt£   aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  sires;    fhin,  this,    cockatrice 
167     2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  b&y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  Coin 


Co£fee»branch  and  Berries. 

plit,  showing  the 


co"es-sen'tial,  1  ko"e-sen's1ial;  2  eo'e-sSn'shal,  a.  Of  the 
same  essence;  united  in  being. — eo"es-sen"tl-al'I-ty,  n. 

co"e-ta'ne-ous,  1  ko"i-te'nt-us;  2  eo'e-ta'ne-us,  a.  Originat- 
ing at  the  same  time;  of  equal  age;  coeval.  [<  L.  co-,  co-1, 
+  a'tas,  age.] 

co"e-ter'nal,  1  ko'i-tur'nal;  2  co'e-ter'nal,  a.  Existing  to- 
gether from  eternity. 

Coeur  de  Li"on',  1  kfjr  da  U'eh';  2  cur  de  li'on'.  [F.]  "Lion= 
heart":  applied  to  Richard  1.  of  England. 

co-e'val,  1  ko-I'val;  2  co-e'val.  I.  a.  Of  or  belonging  to 
the  same  age:  usually  implying  remote  time  or  long 
duration.  co-ae'val+.  II.  re.  One  of  the  same  age;  a 
contemporary.    [  <  L.  co-,  together,  +  sevum,  age.] 

co'^x-ist'1,  1  ko"egz-ist';  2  eo"egz-ist',  vi.  To  exist  to- 
gether.— co"ex-is'tence,  re. — co"ex-is'tent,  a.  Exist- 
ing together. 

CO"ex-tendM,  1  ko"eks-tend';  2  eo"eks-tend',  vt.  &  vi.  To 
make  or  be  coextensive. — co"ex-ten'sion,  re. — co"ex- 
ten'slvfe9,  a.    Having  the  same  limits  or  extent. 

cof'ert,  re.    Box:  coffer. 

coffee,  1  kef'i;  2  cof'e,  n.  The  seeds,  enclosed  in  dark 
cherry=like  berries,  of  a  tropical  tree;  also,  a  beverage 
made  from,  or  the  tree 
producing  them.  [The 
seeds  are  also  called 
"beans"  or  "berries."] 
[  <  Turk,  qahwe,  <  Ar. 
gahwe,  coffee.]  —  black 
coffee,  strong  coffee  with- 
out milk  or  cream. — cof- 
fee =bean",  n.  The  seed 
of  the  coffee=tree.  c.=ber- 
ryf.— c. grounds,  re.  pi. 
The  lees  of  coffee  after  in- 
fusion. —  c.shouse,  c.s 
room,  re.  A  house  or  room 
where  coffee  and  other 
refreshments  are  sold;  a 
cafe.— c.smlll,  re.  A  mill 
for  grinding  coffee.  — 
c.=pot,  re.  A  covered 
metal  or  earthen  pot  in 
which  coffee  Is  served. — 
c.=shop,  re.  A  place 
where  coffee  is  kept  on  sale;   an  inferior  coffee=house. 

coffer,  1  kef'ar;  2  cof'er,  n.  1.  A  chest  or  box;  strong 
box;  safe.  2.  pi.  A  treasury;  financial  resources.  3. 
A  deeply  sunk  panel.  4.  A  canal=lock  chamber;  a  cais- 
son. [  <  L.F  cophinus;  see  coffin] — cof  fer=dam",  n. 
A  temporary  enclosing  dam  built  in  the  water  and  pumped 
dry,  to  protect  workmen. 

coffin,  1  kof'in;  2  eof'in.  I.  vt.  To  put  into  or  as  into  a 
coffin.  II.  re.  1.  The  case  in  which  a  corpse  is  buried. 
2.  The  lower  part  of  a  horse's  hoof.  3f.  A  pie=crust. 
[<  l..OF  cophinus,  <  Gr.  kophinus,  basket.] — coffin  = 
bone",  re.  The  bone  of  a  horse's  foot  that  is  enclosed  within 
the  hoof. 

cof'fle,  1  kef'l;  2  cof'l.  re.  A  gang  of  slaves  or  the  like  chained 
together  for  marching  or  sale.    [<  Ar.  kafila.  caravan.] 

C.  of  G.  H.,  abbr.  Cape  of  Good  Hope. — cog.,  abbr.  Cog- 
nate, cognate  with. 

cog1,  1  keg;  2  cog,  vt.  [cogged;  cog'ging.]  To  furnish 
with  or  as  with  a  cog  or  cogs. 

cog2,  v.  I.  t.  To  load  (a  die)  for  cheating;  handle  or  use 
fraudulently.  II.  I.  To  deceive;  wheedle;  cheat,  as  with 
loaded  dice.    [<  W.  coeglo,  pretend,  <  coeg,  empty.] 

cog1,  re.  1.  A  tooth  projecting  from  the  surface  of  a  wheel 
or  the  like,  to  impart  or  receive  motion.  2.  A  tenon. 
[<  Gael,  cog,  cog.) — cog'swheel",  re.  A  wheel  with  cogs; 
gear«wheel. 

cog2,  re.    1.  A  trick:  imposition.    2.  A  loaded  die. 

cog3,  n.  1.  [Scot.  &  Prov.  Engl  A  hooped  vessel  for  liquids. 
;.  Strong  drink,  '.i.  A  quarter»peck  measure  [  i  ,;,,  i 
cogan,  drlnklng-vessel.)     cogue   .  cha;  see  CONCH.] 

cog1,  n.    A  small  rowboat  or  flshing«vessel.    [<  V.  cogue,  <  I,. 

co'gent,  1  ko'jent;2  eo'gent,  a.  Compelling  belief,  assent, 
or  action;  forcible;  convincing.  [<  L.  cogo,  compel,  < 
co-,  together,  +  ago,  drive.]  Syn.:  see  powerful. — co'- 
gent-ly,  adv. — co'gen-cy,  n.     Convincing  power. 

cog'i-tate,  1  kej'i-tet;  2  eog'i-tat,  <'  &  n.  [-tat"  no'1; 
-tat"ing.]  To  tli ink  over  or  aboul  (something) ;  medi- 
tate; reflect;  think.  [  <  L.  co-,  with,  +  agito,  w.i  i  a  i  | 
Syn.:  see  muse. — cog'l-ta-bKc,  n  That  can  t»  raadi  b 
subject  of  thought;  thinkable— cog"Ma'tlon,  re.  Consld- 
eratlon;  reflection;  thought.— cog"I-ta'tlv(eB,  a.  Capable 
of  cogitation;  reflective;  contemplative,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n, 

CO'gnac,  1  ko'nyak;  2  eo'nj'ae,  n.  French  brandy  |l  ] 
co'gniaci. 

cog'nate,  1  keg'nSt;  2  eog'n&t.  I.  a.  Alli<-'l  by  blood; 
kindred;  akin;  especially,  related  through  femali 


II.  re.  A  person  or  thing  that  is  cognate  to  another  or 
others.  [  <  L.  co-,  together,  +  natus,  pp.  of  nascor,  be 
born.] — cog-na'tlon,  re.    Relationship. 

cog-ni'tion,  1  keg-nisVan;  2  cog-nlsh'on,  re.  1.  The  act, 
power,  or  faculty  of  knowing.  2.  Knowledge;  loosely,  a 
conception.  [  <  L.  co-,  together,  +  nosco,  know.] — 
cog'nl-ttv(es,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  having  the  power  of  cog- 
nition; knowing. 

cog'nize,  ?  1  keg'naiz;  2  eog'nlz,  vt.     [-xized;  -niz-ing] 

COg'nise,  5  To  know,  perceive,  or  recognize.  [<  L.  co-, 
with,  +  nosco,  know.]  Syn.:  see  know. — cog'ni-za-bl(e>", 
a.  Capable  of  being  known,  or  of  being  judicially  tried  or 
examined.— cog 'ni-zance,  re.  1.  Apprehension  or  percep- 
tion: knowledge;  notice,  especially  judicial  notice  or  jurisdic- 
tion. 2.  A  badge  or  mark.— cog'ni-zant,  a.  Taking  no- 
tice; aware,     cog'ni-sant ;.     Syn.:  see  conscious. 

cog-no 'men,  1  keg-n5'men;  2  cog-no'men,  n.  [-no'- 
mens  or  -nom'i-na,  pi.]  1.  Rom.  Antiq.  A  name  added 
to  the  nomen  or  gentile  name,  to  denote  the  family  or 
the  gens.  2.  A  surname;  colloquially,  any  name,  nick- 
name, or  appellation.  [L.,  <  co-  (cum),  together,  + 
nomen,  name.]  Syn.:  see  name. — cog-nom'i-nal,  a.  Per- 
taining to  a  cognomen. 

co"gno-seen'te,  1  k6"nyo-sTien'te;  2  co'nyo-shim'te,  n.  [-ti, 
pi.]  A  connoisseur:  generally  in  the  plural.  [It.f  co"no- 
scen'tef. 

cog-nos'ci-bl(eP,  1  keg-nes'i-bl;  2  cog-n6s'i-bl,  a.  Capable  of 
being  known,  recognized,  or  ascertained;  knowable.  [<  L. 
cognosco,  recognize,  <  co-,  with,  +  nosco,  know.] 

cog-no'vlt,  1  keg-n6'vit;  2  cog-no'vit,  re.  literally,  he  has 
acknowledged:  in  law,  a  written  acknowledgment,  by  a  de- 
fendant, that  the  plaintiff's  demand  is  just.    [L.] 

cogue,  re.    Same  as  cog3. 

CO-hab'itd,  1  ko-hab'it;  2  eo-hab'it,  vi.  To  dwell  to- 
gether as  husband  and  wife.  [  <  L.  co-,  together,  + 
habitp,  dwell.]— co-hab'1-tant,  n.— co-hab"i-ta'(lon,  re. 

co-heir',  1  ko-ar';  2  co-er',  n.  An  heir  with  another  or 
others.— co-heir 'ess,  n. — co-heir'ship,  n. 

co-here',  1  ko-hir';  2  co-her',  vi.  [cohered';  co-her'- 
ing.]  1.  To  stick  or  hold  firmly  together.  2.  To  b<- 
logically  coherent.  3f.  To  agree.  [  <  L.  co-,  together, 
-f-  hsereo,  stick.]  Syn.:  see  unite.— co-her'ence,  n.  Con- 
junction; consistency;  agreement,  co-her'en-cy X.  —  co- 
her'ent,  a.  1.  Cleaving  or  sticking  together.  2.  Logically 
consistent.  3.  Suited;  adapted;  accordant.  — co-her 'en  t-ly, 
adv. — co-her'er,  re.  Wireless  Teleg.  A  device  employed  to 
detect  electric  waves,  in  which  loosely  touching  metallic  par- 
ticles in  a  glass  tube  are  made  to  cohere  closely  under  the  ac- 
tion of  the  wave,  thus  momentarily  completing  a  local  elec- 
tric signaling  circuit. — co-he'sion,  n.  The  act  or  state  of 
cohering;  union;  consistency;  cohesive  attraction,  co-he'- 
slv(e8,  a.  Belonging  to,  exerting,  or  having  the  property  of 
cohesion.  Syn.:  see  adhesive;  strong. — co-he 'slv(e-i)s, 
adv. — co-he 'siv(e-nesss,  n. 

co'hort,  1  ko'hort;  2  co'hort,  n.  1.  An  armed  company; 
the  tenth  of  a  Roman  legion,  500  to  000  men.  2.  Biol. 
A  classificatory  group;  in  botany,  next  above  an  order; 
in  zoology,  usually  above  a  family,  but  below  an  order. 
[<  I,.  co)ior(l-)s,  company  of  soldiers  I 

coif ||,  1  koif;  2  coif,  re.  A  close-fitting  cap,  hood,  or  head* 
dress.    [<  L.  coiffe,  <  OHG.  chuph,  head.] 

coiffure,  1  koif'yur;2  coif'yur,  ;;.  1.  An  arrangement  or 
dressing  of  the  hair .    2.  A  head»dress.    [F.] 

coign,  1  kein;  2  coin,  n.  A  projecting  angle  or  stone;  a 
corner.  [  =  coin,  re.,  4]  coignct.-  coign  of  vantage, 
an  advantageous  position. 

coil,  1  koil;  2  eoil,  vt.  &  vi.  To  wind  spirally;  form  rings  or 
coils.    [  <  L.°K  col-,  together,  +  lego,  collect.] 

coil1,??..    1.  A  ring  or  spiral  formed  by  winding.    2.  ^n  in- 
volvement; a  perplexity.    3.  A  spiral  pipe,  oi  a 
pipes,  forming  a  continuous  conduit  whirl,  reverses  two 
or  more  times.    4.   Eire.   A  conducting  wire  wound  upon 
a  hobbln. 

coll  ,  re.  Confusion  or  tumult;  turmoil.  [<  Gael.  Ir.  goill, 
war] 

Co-lmY'bra,  l  ko-Im'bra;  2  co-Im'bra,  n.    \  unlven  Itj  cltj  In 

W.  central  Portugal;   capital  of  Portugal  from  I  139  to  I 

pop.  18.200. 

coin,  1  kein;  2  coin,  v.  I.  f..  1.  To  make  into  coins; 
i  Mm  |.  .,r  i  nil  it .  2.  To  originate,  as  a  word  II.  i  rTo 
tnaki'  counterfeit  money,     coln'a-bl  <•'',  a     Capable 

of  being   coined. — coin 'cr,   re.      I.   ■   who   coins.     2.  A 

counterfeiter. 

coin,  n.  1.  Apiece  of  metal  st  limped  by  public  authori- 
ty, lor  us.-  as  money.  See  I  I  page  2- 
Coined  money  collectivi  ly.  ■!.  Kind  or  means  oi  reoooa- 
4.  a  quoin.  |i ■'..  i  ■  .  wedge  l  Syn.:  see 
money,  coin 'age,  n.  i.  The  making  of  coins,  or  the  coins 
made;  the  system  ol  coins  ol  a  country.  2.  The  cost  or 
charge  for  coining  money.  :t.  Tin  aol  ol  fabricating,  or  the 
thing  fabricated. 


i  i         i  i      n      •  111,  bOrn; 

■     I        i  i woo,      1GH 


m 


LSI  DON    I  III    I  STIM  \  I  I  >  <>r   nil     DIlll  CTOR 
UNI  II  l>   STA  II  -   MI\  r. 

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i 

ition  ul   the 

'Mill  il    In   1..W  . 

i  lie  pui  n  in  I'  ■  *  hnii  .in    Buotuating 


(ira*l  Hrf.*;a 


mark 
franc 
mark 

rttag 

drachma 


pan 

dollar 

c.ri!..|.a 


pen 
krao 


K  A  a 
■ 
I 


l    Mat 


■ 
g  As 


*  'Mil 
1.0000 

1      IMHMI 
1      (HMXI 

1274 

1      <MMMI 


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a 

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<  iirnii. 

:i>i  1 1 1  ]■  .1  .it  Inns 

•IIVllllHlM      -        till   II 

t  iirrcnc}.  i-.i i>. 


<  urrenej .  patx  rj  ex  88  cents 

Tin    t:n  I  Is  »  unit  of  Weight,  not  a  OOlD. 

Ttii-  custom*  unit  is  tin-  Halkwan  tael 

Tin-  Silver  dollar    (j  nam    o!    100  I  I 

tin-  iHiar;,   unit  of  the  Republic  and 

.  ili  lit    In  ill   n  at!    lllalkwun; 

Currency,  paper  and  gold 

'i  -   1  colon 

Ex.  $11  83  -  1  crown 
•  137       1  Sucre 
Actual  standard  British  pound    uriing  - 
i  I  inters 

1  mark 

Gold  Is  actual  standard;  ex  80.174 
Greatly  depreciated;  no  quotations 

7627 

i  .uiii  is  actual  standard 

<  urrency,  paper;  ex  Sl.oo 
(  iirn-nry.  paper;  ex   80. 183 
Currency,  iiani.-n'.n-s.  ex.  abt.  $0.40 

■    1  pound  Sterling 

<  lold  is  actual  standard;  ex.  so. 12 

Currency,  depreciated  silver  token  coins. 
i  ustoms  paid  in  gold 
126 

Ex.  $0.44 

I'.x.  1.01  cordobas  =  $1.00 
Kx.  $0,335  -  l  crown 

Ex.  2,700  per  cent.  Currency,  depreciated 

paper 
Ex.  $0,179 


Currency,  paper;  ex.  $0.70^ 


Ex   $0,132  =   1  ruble 

<  urn-ncy.  paper;  ex.  abt.  $0,365 


Valuation  for  gold  peseta.     Ex.  approx. 
80.2426 

Ex.  $0.33  -  1  crown 

100    plasters  -  $4.40   equal   to  Turkish 

pound         18  shillings 

Ex.  $l.(xi       ii. sir,  i« 


•    "  ■'•    "  .  •     ■■ .■•        itx  ii    ippr  i       approximate!]    ex      exchange  rate;  g      gold;  8       diver 


-     -   .-..   r. 


I 

Implying  a<-ct- 
i*m     Sam.  aee  an  \v»        <  o» 

-  n  Yl-drrit-l, 


co-lii"dl-ca'tlon,   1   ko-lirdi-kf-Nlom;  2   <-o-lri"dl-ca'sbon.   n. 
(>n<-  of  several  signs  Indicating  the  same  fact. — co-ln'dl- 
<  .nit.  a.  A  n. 
ro-ln"-tan-(a'ne-ous,  1  k6-lii"st,-in-te'ni-us;  2  c5-In"stan-ta'- 

■  Occurring  at  the  same  Instant;  simultaneous. 
coir,  1   kolr;  2  <6lr,  n.     (oconut-liu.sk  fiber,  or  cables,  etc., 

from.    [<  Malay  kdwir.  rone.]    colrej. 
eots'treltt  ».    a  knight's  l-  a  low  or  base  fellow, 

cols'lrllt. 


l:»  =  final;    l  =  hablt:    aisle;    aa  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    Cllin;    go;    n  =  eing;    thin,    this.      coincide 
169       2:  wQlf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this*         colleen 


co-1'tion,  1  ko-isTi'en;  2  co-ish'on,  n.    A  coming  together; 

especially,  sexual  intercourse.     [  <  L.  co-,  together,  + 

itus,  pp.  of  eo,  go.]  co'l-tusj. 
co-jo!n'§,  vt.  &  vt.  To  conjoin. 
coke,  1  kok;  2  cok.     I.  vt.  &  vi.    [coked4;  cok'ing.]    To 

change  or  be  changed  into  coke.     II.  n.     Coal  from 

which  the  volatile  portion  has  been  expelled  by  heating, 

as  in  a  retort,    coakf. 
Coke,  1  kok  or  kuk;  2  cok  or  cok,  Sir  Edward  (1552-1634). 

A  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  England. 
eo'ker-nut",  1  ko'kar-nut";  2  co'ker-nut",  n.     Com.     The 

coconut. 
col,  1  kol;  2  c61,  n.    A  depression  between  two  mountains;  a 

gap  in  a  ridge,  serving  as  a  pass  from  one  valley  to  another. 

[F.,  <  L.  collum,  neck.] 
col-,  1  kel-;  2  c61-,  prefix.    With;  together.     [Form  of  com- 

before  I.) 
Col.,  abbr.    Colonel,  Colossians. — Col.,  Colo,  (official),  abbr. 

Colorado. — col.,  abbr.    College,  collegiate,  colloquial,  collo- 
quialism, colonial,  color,  colored,  column. 
Co 'la,  1  ko'la;  2  co'la,  n.    Bot.    1.  A  small  genus  of  tropical 

African  trees  bearing  a  seed,  the  co'la*nut",  said  to  have 

tonic  and  antiseptic  qualities.    2.  [c-]  A  tree  of  this  genus. 
co-la 'bor-er,  1  ko-le'bar-ar;  2  co-la'bor-er,  re.     A  fellow 

laborer. 
col'an-der,  1  kul'an-dar;  2  col'an-der,  n.    A  perforated 

vessel  for  straining  liquids,  etc.     [  <  Sp.  colador,  <  L. 

colum,  sieve.]  cul'len-derf. 
Col"bert\  1  kofbar';  2  col'ber',  Jean  Baptlste  (1619-1683). 

A  French  statesman  and  financier. 
Col'chl-cum,  1  kel'ki-[or  -Chi-]kum;  2  c61'cl-[or  -chi-]cum.  re. 

1.  A  genus  of  Old  World  bulbless  plants  of  the  lily  family. 

2.  [c-]  A  plant  of  this  genus.  3.  [c-]  The  corm  or  the  seed  of 
Colchicum  autumnale  (meadow  saffron),  or  a  medicinal  prep- 
aration thereof.  [L.,  <  Gr.  kolchikon,  <  Kolchis,  Colchis,  a 
country  in  Asia.] 

Col'chls,  1  kel'kis;  2  edl'els,  re.  An  ancient  country  E.  of  the 
Black  Sea;  the  land  of  the  Golden  Fleece;  now  part  of  Trans- 
caucasia, Russia. 

Cold,  1  kold;  2  cold,  a.    1.  Of  a  low  temperature;  frigid; 
chilled;  chilly.     2.  Lacking  ardor  or  sympathy;  stolid; 
not  cordial;  discouraging.    3.  Weak  to  the  sense;  lack- 
ing pungency,  odor,  or  freshness.    [  <  AS.  ceald.] 
Syn.:  see  bleak;  haughty. 

— cold'=blood"ed,  a.  1.  Lacking  heat;  frigid.  2.  Having 
blood  of  the  same  temperature  as  its  surrounding  medium, 
as  a  fish  or  reptile.  3.  Unfeeling;  heartless;  cruel,  -ly,  add. 
-ni'ss,  re. — cold'=chls"el,  re.  A  steel  chisel  for  cutting  cold 
metal. — c.=cream,  re.  A  cooling  ointment  for  the  skin. — c.= 
hearted,  a.  Unsympathetic;  unfeeling. — cold'ly,  adv. — 
cold'ness,  re. — cold-short,  a.  Brittle  when  cold,  as  a 
metal. — c.=slaw,  re.    Same  as  cole=slaw. 

Cold,  re.  1.  A  low  temperature;  lack  of  heat,  or  the  sensation 
caused  by  it.  2.  A  disorder  caused  by  exposure  to  cold, 
dampness,  or  a  draft:  often  with  acute  catarrh.  3.  Tem- 
perature below  the  freezing-point. — cold ' =sore",  n.  An  erup- 
tion about  the  mouth  or  nostrils  often  accompanying  a 
cold. 

Cold  Har'bor.  A  village  In  eastern  Virginia;  scene  of  Fed- 
eral repulse,  June  27,  1862,  and  June  1  and  3,  1864. 

Cole1,  1  kol;  2  col,  n.  A  plant  of  the  same  genus  as  the 
cabbage.  [<  L.A8  caulis,  cabbage.] — cole'ssecd",  n. 
Rape«seed,  the  seed  of  a  variety  of  cole;  also,  the  plant 
producing  the  seed. — c.sslaw,  re.  A  salad  of  cabbage  cul 
fine.  coid'=slaw"f. — cole'wort",  re.  The  cabbage  or  a 
kindred  plant. 

colet2.  re.    Coal;  charcoal. 

Co-len'so,  1  ko-len'so;  2  co-len'so.  John  William  (1814- 
1883).    An  English  theologian  and  mathematician. 

Col"e-op'ter-a,  1  kol"i-op'tar-a;  2  eol"e-op'ter-a,  n.  pi. 
Entom.  An  order  of  insects  having  horny  front  wings 
that  fit  as  cases  over  the  hind  wings,  and  biling  mouth* 
parts;  beetles.  [<  Gr.  koleos,  sheath,  +  pteron,  wing.] 
— col"e-op'ter,  n.  A  beetle. — col"e-op'ter-an,  re. — col"- 
e-op'ter-ous,  a.    col"e-op'ter-alf. 

Colc'rldge,  1  kol'rij;  2  col'ridg.  Samuel  Taylor  (1772-1834). 
English  romantic  poet  and  critic. 

co"les-see',  1  ko"Ies-I';  2  co"les-e',  re.    A  joint  lessee;  cotenant. 

Co"les'sor,  1  kO'les'or;  2  co'les'Or,  re.  One  of  the  makers  of  a 
lease. 

ColTax,  1  kOl'faks;  2  col'faks,  Schuyler  (1823-1885).  An 
American  Vice»Presldent  and  journalist. 

CoI'lc,  1  kol'ik;  2  eol'ic,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to,  near,  or  af- 
fecting the  colon.    2.  Pertaining  to  or  like  colic. 

COl'lc,  1  kol'ik;  2  eol'ic,  re.  Acute  spasmodic  pain  In  the 
bowels.  [<  Gr.  kolike,  <  kolon,  colon.]— col 'lck-y,  a. 
Subject  to,  suffering  from,  resembling,  or  productive  of 
colic. 

Co"ll"Kny',  1  ko'll'nyl';  2  co"li"nyi',  Gaipard  de  (1617- 
1572).  French  admiral;  Huguenot  leader,  massacred  on  St. 
Bartholomew's  day.    Co"II"gnl'$. 


Co-ll'ma,  1  ko-li'ma;  2  co-H'mii,  re.  A  volcano  in  S.  W.  Mex- 
ico; 12,750  ft.  high. 

col 'In,  1  kol'm;  2  col'in,  n.  An  American  quail,  especially  the 
bob=white.    [<  Mex.  colin.] 

Col"i-se'um,  re.    Same  as  Colosseum. 

coll.,  abbr.  Colleague,  collection,  college,  colloquial. — coll., 
colloq.,  abbr.    Colloquial,  colloquialism. 

col-lab'o-rate,  1  ke-lab'o-ret;  2  eo-l&b'o-rat,  vi.  [-rat"ed; 
-rat'ing.]  To  labor  or  cooperate  with  another,  especially 
in  literary  or  scientific  pursuits.  [<  LL.  collaboro,  <  L. 
col-,  with,  4-  labor,  labor.]  —  col-Iab"o-ra'tlon,  re.— col- 
lab 'o-ra"tor  or  -ra"teur,  re. 

col-laps  (e'p,  1  ko-laps';  2  co-laps',  v.  [-lapsed'*, 
-lapst'8; -laps'ing.]  \.t.  To  cause  to  shrink,  fall  in,  or 
fail.  II.  i.  1.  To  fall  together;  cave  in.  2.  To  fail  ut- 
terly; come  to  ruin.  3.  To  lose  strength  or  courage;  be 
prostrated;  succumb.  [<  L.  col-,  together,  +  labor, 
fall.]— col-laps'i-[or-a-]bl(ep,  a.  That  may  or  can  collapse. 

col-lapse',  re.  1.  A  falling  or  sinking  together.  2.  Ex- 
treme prostration.    3.  Utter  failure;  ruin. 

col'lar,  1  kol'ar;  2  col'ar.  I,  vt.  To  grasp  by  or  provide 
with  a  collar.  II.  re.  A  band  or  circlet  for  the  neck;  a 
ring  or  band  on  or  about  anything.  [  <  L.OF  collare,  < 
collum,  neck.] — col'larsbone",  re.    The  clavicle. 

collat.,  abbr.    Collateral,  collaterally. 

col-late',  1  ke-let';  2  co-hit',  v.  [cOL-LAT'EDd ;  col-lat'- 
ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  compare  critically;  examine.  2.  To 
present,  as  to  a  benefice.  II.  i.  To  bestow  a  benefice. 
[<  L.  col-,  together,  +  latus,  borne.]  Syn.:  see  compare. 
— col-la'tion,  re.  1.  A  collating;  comparison.  2.  A  lunch 
or  light  repast. — col-la'tor,  re. 

col-lat'er-al,  1  ke-lat'ar-el;  2  co-lat'er-al.  I.  a.  1. 
Subordinately  connected;  attendant  or  secondary;  inci- 
dental. 2.  Corroborative;  confirmatory.  3.  Being  or 
lying  alongside;  parallel;  bordering.  4.  Descended  from 
the  same  ancestor  in  a  different  line.  II.  re.  1.  Collat- 
eral security.  2.  A  collateral  kinsman  or  kinswoman. 
3.  An  accompanying  or  subordinate  fact,  condition,  or 
part.  [<  L.  col-  (<  cum),  with;  and  see  lateral.] 
Syn.:  (adjective)  see  incidental;  (noun)  see  security. — 
collateral  security,  property,  money,  etc.,  hypothecated 
as  security  additional  to  one's  personal  obligation. — col- 
lat'er-al-iy,  adv. 

coI'leag(ue8,  1  kel'ig;  2  col'eg,  n.  A  fellow  member  of  an 
official  body;  an  associate  in  office.  [  <  L.F  col-,  with,  + 
lego,  depute.]     Syn.:  see  accessory;  associate. 

— col-leag(ue's,  vl.    To  enter  into  a  league  or  alliance; 
also,  to  conspire. 

col-lect'd,  1  ke-lekt';  2  eo-lect',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  gather  oi 
bring  together.  2.  To  gather  or  obtain  the  payment  of 
(money).  3.  To  regain  control  of;  bring  or  call  back. 
4||.  To  infer.  II.  i.  To  come  together;  assemble;  accu- 
mulate. [  <  LL.1''  collecto,  <  collecta,  assemblage.] 
Syn.:  see  amass;  convoke. 
— coI-lect'a-[or  -l-]bl(ep,  a. 

col'lect,  1  kel'ekt;  2  col'ect,  n.  A  short  condensed  pray- 
er, usually  for  grace  or  blessing. 

collect.,  abbr.    Collective,  collectively. 

col-lect'ed,  1  ke-lekt'ed;  2  co-lect'cd,  pa.    1.  Assembled; 
gathered.     2.  Composed;  self=possessed. 
Syn.:  see  calm;  sober. 
— col-leet'ed-ly,  ad':— col-lect'ed-ness,  n. 

col-lec'tlon,  1  ko-lek'sfhan;  2  co-18c'shon,  n.  1.  A  col- 
lecting; a  group  of  collected  objects  or  individuals.  2. 
An  aggregation;  accumulation.  3.  A  sum  of  money 
solicited  and  contributed.  4.  The  act  of  receiving  or 
enforcing  payment,  or  the  amount  of  such  payment. 
[<  L.  collcctio(n-),  <  col-,  with,  +  lego,  gather.] 

Syn.:  sec  aggregate;  assembly;  company;  heap;  mass 

col-lec'tiv(eH,  1  ke-lek'tiv;  2  co-lec'tiv.  I.  a.  1.  Relat- 
ing to,  consisting  of,  or  denoting  an  aggregate  or  group: 
opposed  lo  individual.    "J.  Having  the  power  or  quality 

of  bringing  together.     II.  n.     1.  (iram.  A  singular  noun 
naming  :i  collection  or  group. 

Such  a  noun  takes  either  a  singular  or  a  plural  verb,    << 
cording  as  it  refers  to  the  objects  composing  il  as  one  aggre- 
gate or  aa  separate  Individuals;  :is,  The  audience  was  large; 

ThO  audience  were  divided  In  opinion. 

2.  A  collection  or  gathering.-  col-lcc'tlv(e-lyH,  adv.— 

COl-lec'tiV(e-neBSs,     »       «-ol-ler'llv-lsm,    ii.        The     (I 

trine  that  the  people  :is  a  whole  should  own  or  control  the 

material  and  means  of  production.    Compare  socialism.    - 

col-lee'tlv-IM,  a.  &  a.      eol"lee-f  lv'1-lj,  n.     I.  The  Who* 

taken  together;  the  mass;  the  people  as  a  body.    2.  <  iolleo 

iiveness.    8.  Collective  or  state  ownership, 
col-lec'tor,  1  ke-lek'ter;  2  eo  ISc'tor,  n.    One  who  ool 

lects;  one  who  receives  taxes,  duties,  or  the  like,  or  ool 

lects    debts      eol-lec 'tor-ale,    col-lcc'tor-shlp,    re. 

The  offloe  or  lurlBdlctloii  of  a  collector. 
col'lccn,!  kol'In;2  col'in,  n,    [Jr.)    A  girl.    [<  Ir.  cailln.  girl.] 


i         .  I  i  0        m.ftr;    full,  rOIr;   Imt,  liOrn; 

iii  i  gO,  mil,  <ii.  won,        1«0 

i  ,  ,,i  ..  ,  i  hi  ii.  iii  k  small  i  miii.i- 

M  linrtlc  pulp,  i     '  •■   kolotiinthls,  < 


<l-»lr  . 


ii 


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irmerly, 

•  <>l  li.r-).  .  •  -■     ,     | 


■  ■'•■:  -OAfma  ] 

COl'  ll-Ki    i  Ion, 

'I      11-111   A  . 

■Mh,    • 

i  il  ii-i.iiii..ii.         .  ..rn-m.i- 'tor,  i      1. 
! 

l     Willi. mi      :_l    1759).  an 
:.   William   WUkle  (18 

oi-ll  -i.. I,.  Tin-  imt  df  colli. I- 

rontnrt,   oil- 
roust' 

the  r»-  Ifii  and  momi 

ctmLict  nuv  be  a  • 

trlklng  bodj 
.   rather  than 

boring 
m.     In 
of 

is    fre- 
- 
of  x  icnt.  amity,  • 

OSSMa,  DOOM  rt    ■  ..in  ord.  .  ..!.■   irrcnci-.  conform  It) ,  iiarmon;  . 

(■c.it'ed*  ;  -CAT*- 

[  <  L.  cut-, 

I  i.l     I. .-i    i    linn,    ; 

iil-lii  ill-oil,  ;  •  [on  of 

.  that  forma  an  adhesive 
imli  ami  fur  photographic 

I  ]    col-lo'- 

•li-uiii : 
.. I-I.. in  .  i    To 

l.i      Jelly-like;  colloidal 

num.     |  <  fir   kul- 


II 

rol-lu  ijin-  i 

l|  ul-^l-l-ni 
rul    lo~qij).  : 


rol-ludi 


roll). 

rol-l    • 

cat- 


i  f  meat,  as  u  slice  ur 

Hal.]     A  thick  fold  of 
■••  'I  I 
wi-al,  a.     Pertain- 

■     ii,    a- 
-I)  .  rol-lo'- 

!   only  ur  chiefly   In 

kwi;  2  ■  .     :  i.*',  pi  ]   An 

<  I.  '-../-.  together, 

<    i  i.-.|ui-i,  n      One  who  engages  In 

;    -I.ri/iNu  ] 

i.      Ci>l-, 

<  ul-lml  '.  r.  i  ul-lu  '«lon,   n. 

iu|-lii  -li   .-,  n       i  raudulently 
-l> .  -i. 

2  co-lyrM-Qm.  n.    M<<1     A  medl- 
ye-salv.  t'lUurion,  eye-salve.! 


ro-logii<    .  co-Ion  \  i' ■  i '  i 

n  -   with    irom  itic  oils 

\  .....I.,  i ,  i  i         ,ii, 
.tin  iii.ii-i  n  i    capital  (pop 
1 
i  ..-i. .in  iii-.!.   i   ku  i.nn'iu  ..    :_•  co  iiiiu'iii  :i,  n      a  republic 

\\       outh     Mm  rir.i: 
<  ..-linn  lil-.ni. 
■  i   I.,   ■•  . ,,  iiin.i...    ■       i  h,   pi  im  In 

pop  21  l  000 

i  ii    lull   .  ]  .'  .  i,  I  \  i  niii'-l  nil  iuii-iii:ii  i 

dirnti  i  than  a  semicolon,  but  less  than 

kdlon,  member  | 
co 'Ion  .        i .  '.'.  iii.  po  terioi  port 

uf  :ui  insect  i  Intestine     [L  i    eol'o-Dl'Ui,  l  kel  o  noi'- 

[or  -nr, ii-    2  •  ui  ■  •.      Inflammation  ol  the 

iu-h  n-  [In  the  Canal  Zone  al  Panama, 

<  i.-iuii  '.ii,.  ii.;,     •  . ..  inn',  n      \i  i.n.i  ic  scapoi  i  -  pop 

i  iilu'ncl,   1    L  m   in  I.  J  rnr'ii.  I.  n        Tin    highest   "lli. 

regimenl     II'.  <  Ii   eoioneUo,  dim  of  cofonna,  column.] 

lolo'ncl-c)  ,  n      colii'iK'l-slilpl. 
ml  'iin-iiatli-',  1   kel'o-ned';  2  Colo-nail',   •         \   rangi    ol 

,-•  ■] ti 1 1 1 n-  connected  by  an  entablature.    [F.l 
rolo-ii),  i  kel'o-ni; 2  eoTo-ny,  •  i    1.  Vbody 

rani      i  their  descendants  in  a  remote  region  un- 
der the  control  of  the  parent  counl  ry,  or  the  temtorj  oo- 
d  by  them.    '!.  Any  aggregation  of  individuals  in  a 
..ii  group,  ;i-  ol  alien  residents  in  a  country,  "f 
used  adjectivally  in  all  aenses,     |<   I 

.   /'/,  iiiil    co-lo'nl-al, a.    Of, per- 
taining to,  being  produced  In,  living  In,  ur  forming  a  colony 
inlea    -ly,  ode     eol'o-nlst,n     A  member  or  Inhabit- 
ani  of  a  colony;  a  settler,    co-lo'nl-alt.    col'o-nlse, 
[-xizKii;  -mz'inii.]    I.  i.    To  si  i :  or  colonies  In; 

migrate  to  and  settle  m,  II.  I  To  establish,  unite,  ur 
mui.  colonies    eol'o-nlsei,    col^o-nl-ia'- 

Hun  oi  -sa'tlon,  n     col'o-nls"'er  or -nls"er,  n. 
rol'o-phon.  1  kel'o-fen;  L!  eol'o-fon,  n      \n  Inscription  ur  de- 
often  ornamental,  al  the  beginning  or 
il  books  1 1 .1 .  .  ■   Gr  fcoi  ipMn,  summit  I 
eol'o-pbo-nj ,  1  kel'o-fo-m  or  ko-lef'o-m;  2 

.  fu-ny    ur   ko-lof'o-ny.   n.      Hosln.     [< 
(.r     KolophOn     (city    In     Ionia).]— col'*0- 

Phon'lr,  n. 
o-i|iiln 'tl-da,  1  kol'o-kwln'tl-da;  2c61*- 
u-ku in'ti-da,  n.    Coloclnth.    li. 1. 1 
col'or,  1  srol'er;  2  col'or,  v.     I.  t.     1.  To 
a  color  to;  dye;    paint ;  tint ;  stum. 
'J.    [o  misrepresent;  modify;  give  a  tone 
tu     II.  i     To  change  color;  blush,  eol'- 
imr:.    Syn_*  see  stain,    col'or-a-bI(e»,  o. 
rol"or-a'ilon,  ?!        col'ored,    pa      1. 
Saving  color     'i.  of  a  dark«sklnned  race; 

of    African   descent   wholly  or   In  part.      3. 

i  mbelllshed   or  exaggerated        col'or-er, 

n.  -    COl'Or-ISt,    ii       One   skilliil    In   the   use   of  color 

col'or,  1  kiil'.ir,  2  eol'or,  n  I.  Any  one  ol  the  hues  "f  the 
rainbow  or  spectrum,  or  a  tin!  produi  ed  bj  the  blend- 
ing of  those  hues;  loosely,  any  hue,  including  black  and 
white  ''..  A  pain!  or  pigment  3.  An  appearance;  sem- 
blance; pretense;  disguise  4.  pi  \n  ensign,  Bag,  or 
badge.    |  ^  i,.  color,  tint. I    col 'our:.  Synj  see  prei 

cot'or  i»i'ar"iT,  n     One  whose  dul  a  flag 

or  the  colors  «■•  blind,  a  Totallj  or  partially  unable  to 
distinguish  colors,  c. •blindness,  n  c.«guard,  n,  r  s. 
Army.  \  guard  fur  tin-  protection  ol  the  colors,  c. •ser- 
geant, .  \  ei  '■  mi  who  carries  or  bas  charge  of  the  colors 
in  a  regiment,  c. •  wheel,  u.  A  wheel  designed  to  exhibit 
the  proportion  ol  primary  colors  man.  Bbade  ol  color. — 

i plementary  color,  one  uf  two  colors  which,  when  com- 

blned,  produce  white  or  nearly  white  light,  as  orange  and 
blue  prlmarj  color-..  1.  The  principal  colors  into  which 
while  iiuin  i  ol  the  rainbow. 

g.Thi  Ixlng  which  another  color  maj  bi  obtained 

now  given  as  red,  green,  and  blue  or  violet,  when  tl 

colorvwheel,  and  red  (crimson),  yellow,  and 
blue,  v.  inn  they  are  mixed  as  pigment  - 

('oT'o-ra'do,  ]  kui"o-ni'iio;  2  eol'o-ra'do,  ».    1.  A  '.' 
mini  103,668  sq.  '"  i  POP.  799,000)  ol  the  United 

river  flowing  from  Wyoming  to  Gull  ol  Cali- 
fornia; length,  1.600  m  ;  forms  Grand  Canon.  -Colorado 
Desert,  arid  region  between  lower  Colorado  river  and  Pa- 
oast. 

col"i>-ra-tu'ra,  1  kol'o-ra-tQ'ra;  2  c61"o-rii-tu'ra.  n  pi.    Vocal 
or  Instrumental  music  characterized  by  runs,  trills,  and  di- 
cul'o-ra-tur:. 

col"or-lf'lo,  1  kiirar-lf'ik;  2  eol'or-If'le,  a.  Pertaining  to  the 
production  of  color;  Imparting  or  capable  of  producing  color. 
l<  COLOR,  n..  +  L.faclo,  tnakc.l 


Colophon. 


l:a  =  final;    I  =  habit;    aisle;    mi  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feMd;    diin;    go;    Q  =  sing;    Chin,   this.         College 
171        2:wQlf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.        combat 


col"or-im'e-ter,  1  kul"ar-im'i-tar;  2  eoror-Im'e-ter,  n.  An 
apparatus  for  estimating  the  percentage  of  coloring  substance 
in  a  given  solution.    [<  color,  n.,  +  Gr.  metron,  measure.] 

col'or-ing,  1  kul'ar-in ;  2  eol'or-ing,  n.  1.  The  imparting 
of  color,  or  that  which  imparts  color.  2.  The  general 
color  of  anything;  style  of  applying  colors.  3.  Peculiar 
style  or  air.  4.  Appearance;  especially,  false  or  specious 
appearance,    col'our-ingt. 

col'or-less,  1  kul'ar-less;  2  col'or-les,  a.  Without  color;  im- 
partial; uninteresting;  negative.     Syn.:  see  pale. 

Col"os-se'um,  1  kere-sl'um;  2  eoTo-se'um,  n.  The  Flavian 
amphitheater  in  Rome,  built  by  Vespasian  and  Titus  in  A.  D. 
75  -  80.        It    seated 

8  7,000   spectators.  Colosseum. 

[L.,     orig.     neut.     of 

colosseus,    <   Gr.    ko-  Bka^jsWCr^P^^S 

lossiaios,    colossal,   <  ,     fl^a-SliSiilK'iV-'t 
kolossos,  large  statue. 
Col"i-se'umJ. 

Co-los'slan,  1  ko-losli'- 
an  or  -i-an;  2  co-!6sh'- 
an    or    -i-an.      I.    a.  l^S* 
Pertaining     to     Co- 
lossse,  in  ancient  Phrygia.     II.  n.     1.  A  native  or  inhabi- 
tant of  Colossae.    3.  pi.    Paul's  epistle  to  the  Colossians. 

CO-Ios'sus,  1  ko-les'us;  2  eo-los'us,  n.  [-si  or  -sus-esz,  pi.] 
A  gigantic  statue,  especially  the  bronze  of  Apollo  at 
ancient  Rhodes;  hence,  any  strikingly  great  person  or 
object.  [<  Gr.  kolossos,  gigantic  statue.]  —  co-los'sal, 
a.  Enormous;  huge;  gigantic.  Syn.:  see  immense;  large. 
— co-los'sal-ly,  adv. 

co-los'trum,  1  ko-les'trum;  2  co-16s'trum,  n.  The  first  milk 
of  a  mammal  after  parturition;  beestings.    [L.] 

col'our,  col'our-a-ble,  etc.  Color,  etc.:  the  usual  spelling  in 
England. 

-colous,  suffix.  Dwelling  in  or  inhabiting,  as  arboricolous,  liv- 
ing in  trees,  limicoto/s,  inhabiting  the  shore.  [<  L.  colo, 
dwell.] 

col'por-teur,  1  kol'por-tar;  2  col'pSr-ter,  n.  A  traveling 
agent  of  a  religious  society,  who  sells  or  gives  away 
Bibles,  religious  books,  etc.  [F.]  col'por-tert.— col'- 
por-tage,  n.    A  colporteur's  work. 

colt,  1  kolt;  2  colt,  vt.    To  trick. 

colt,  1  kolt;  2  colt,  n.  1.  A  young  horse;  specifically,  a 
young  male  horse.  2.  A  frisky  person.  3.  A  green  or 
inexperienced  hand  or  player.  4.  A  rope  with  a  knot  at 
the  end,  for  punishing.  [AS.] — colt'ish,  o.  Like  a 
colt;  frisky;  wanton. 

col'ter,  1  kol'tar;  2  tol'ter,  n.  A  blade  or  disk  on  the  beam  of 
a  plow,  to  cut  the  sod.    [  <  L.  cutter,  knife.]    coul'terf. 

colts'foot",  1  kolts'fut";  2  colts'fobt",  n.  A  low  perennial 
herb  of  the  aster  family  bearing  yellow  flowers:  used  in  med- 
icine. 

Col"u-br!ne',  1  kel'yu-brain';  2  coTyu-brln',  a.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  a  snake;  snakelike.    [<  Li.  coluber,  serpent.] 

Co-lum'ba,  1  ko-lum'ba;  2  co-lum'ba.  Saint  (521-597).  An 
Irish  monk;  missionary  to  the  Picts  of  Caledonia. 

Co-lum'ban,  1  ko-lum'ban;2  co-lum'ban.  Saint  (5437-615). 
An  Irish  monk  who  preached  in  Gaul  and  I.ombardy. 

col"um-ba'ri-um,  1  korum-be'n-um;  2  eSr'um-ba'ri-um,  n. 
[-RI-A,  pi.]  1.  A  dove-cote;  also,  a  pigeonhole  In  a  dove-cote. 
col'um-ba-ryt.  2.  Rom.  Antig.  A  sepulcher,  with  niches 
for  cinerary  urns.  3.  A  hole  in  a  wall  for  the  end  of  a  beam. 
[I/.,  <  columba,  dove.] 

Co-lum'bi-a,  1  ko-lum'bi-a;  2  co-lfim'bi-a.  n.  1.  The  poetic 
personification  of  the  United  States  of  America.  2.  A  city, 
capital  of  South  Carolina;  pop.  26,000, 

co-lum'bl-ad,  1  ko-lum'bi-ad;  2  co-lum'bi-ad,  n.  1.  A  heavy 
smooth-bore  cannon.  2.  [C-]  An  epic  of  America.  [< 
Columbia.] 

Co-lum'bl-an,  1  ko-lum'bi-an;2co-lum'- 
bi-an,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  Columbia 
(the  United  States)  or  Christopher  (  i>- 
lumhus. 

Co-lum'bl-a  rlv'or.  A  river  flowing 
from  British  Columbia,  through  Idaho, 
Oregon,  and  Washington, to  tnePaclflo 
ocean;  length,  1,097  m. 

col'um-biius    1    kel'um-bin 
or   -bin;   2    eol'tim-bln 
-bin,  ii.     Dove-like.     [< 
columbinus,  <columba. 
dove.] 

col'um-bine,  1  kol'um-bain; 
2  col'um-bin,  n.  1.  A  her- 
baceous plant   with    flowers 

of  five  petals.      2.  [C-]  In 
pantomimes,     the     sweet- 
heart of  Harlequin.    [<  L.  columbinus;  see  columbine,  a  i 
co-lum'bi-um,  1  ko-lum'bi-um;  :i  eo  lum'bi-um,  n.    Chan 

A  st  eel-gray  metallic  clement.    See  ELEMENT.    [<  Columbia.] 
ul-o'hl-umt. 


■  . :  ■ 


Co-lum'bus,    1    ko-lum'bus;   2    co-lum'bus,    Christopher 

(1446-1506).      Italian   navigator;   discovered   America  for 
Spain,  Oct.  12,  1492. 

coI"u-mel'la,  1  kol"yu-mel'a;  2  coryu-mel'a.  n.  [-l^e.  1  -I; 
2  -e,  pi.]  A  little  rod,  pillar,  or  central  axis,  as  the  central 
rod  of  the  cochlea:  the  axial  pillar  of  a  spiral  shell  or  the  like. 
[L.,  dim.  of  columen,  column.]    col'u-nielf. 

col 'ti  mn,  )  1  kel'um;  2  eol'um,  n.    1.  A  vertical  shaft  or 

col'um8,  j  pillar;  a  prop  or  support.     2.  A  vertical  series 
of  written  or  printed  lines,  or  words, 
figures,  Or  the  like.     3.   Mil.  A  body 
of  troops  with  narrow  front,  but  ex- 
tended rearward.    4.  Naut.  A  fleet  in 
single    file.        [  <     L.    columna,  column.] 
Syn.:    see   procession. — col-um'nar,   a.  J 
Of,    pertaining   to,    or    having    the    form 
of  a  column  or  columns:  like  the  shaft  of  a 
column.  —  col  'u  in  in  d,  a.    Furnished  with 
or  arranged  in  columns. — co-lum"ni-a'- 
tion,  n.     Grouping  of  columns;  columns 
collectively. — coi'umn»ruIc",  n.  Print.  A 
thin  brass  strip,  type-high,  used  to    sep- 
arate columns. 

co-lure',  1  ko-liur';  2  co-fur',  n.  One  of  the  two 
great  circles  of  the  celestial  sphere,  which 
pass  from  the  pole  through  the  equinoxes 
and  the  solstices  respectively.  [<  Gr. 
koUuros,  dock-tailed,  <  kolos,  docked,  + 
oura,  tail.] 

col'y,  1  kol'i;  2  cSl'y,  n.  [col'iesz,  pi.]  A 
mouse-bird. 

col'za,  1  kel'za;  2  eSl'za,  n.  The  summer 
rape  or  cole-seed,  whose  seeds  produce  col- 
za oil.     [<  D.  kool,  cabbage,  +  caad.  seed 

com-,  prefix.  Together;  with: 
often  used  with  Intensive 
force.  [<  L.  com-,  <  cum, 
with.]  Z 

Com., abbr.  Commander, 
commentary,  commission, 
commissioner,  committee, 
commodore,  commoner,  com- 
monwealth. —  com.,  abbr. 
Comedy,  comic,  commerce, 
commercial,  common,  com- 
monly, commune,  communi- 
cated, communication,  com- 
munity. 

co'ma1,  1  ko'ma;  2  co'ma,  n. 
A  state  of  unconsciousness 
with  slow,  heavy  breath- 
ing; stupor;  lethargy.     [< 


f 


,i,  ,i»,i..  or  Il»: , 

oldings  and  plinth. 


Column. 

1.  Roman  Corinthian  column  and  entab- 

Cir"  hhmii'  'slnmhpr'l— m^  ttm  "'  ""'  l1"""'"  "'  the  Pantheon  at 
or.     homa,      BlUmDer.J      CO  -  R()         B„0„.jng:    „,   e.vma  note,  oorona, 

ma-tose,  a.  Relating  to  or  moainiom,  aiiets.  etc..  ..f  <nmi«  of  «iub- 
affected  with  coma;  abnor- latum;  b,  fn«e  of  entablature;  <•.  nrchi- 
mally  sleepy,  co'nia-tousj.  t»ve  of  entablature;  d,  capital  ol  oolumu; 

—  co'ma-tose-ly.     adv.  —  «•  "3,ru"';1 "'  '■"'""::'' ./'■  ,fl'"!' ';'  ''"ll."""; 

r  *  ■■  |7,  tiase  of  fuliuim.  -J.  l»cdi-8tal  of  a  column 

CO  ma-iose-mss,  n.  of  theAtohofTUu»at,Ronw,  dlvldodlnto: 

CO   Ilia2,   n.       [CO  M.IC,  pt.l      1.  n,   part  of  »haft  of    column;    /,.  eurl  ase, 

The  nebulosity  around  the  ","'" L"-'  '■"•'  ..t  ci,,,,,,,  ,,,,,1  „lr,r  piii.th 

nucleus  of  a  comet.     2.  A  ^^^  , 

tuft  of  silky  hairs,   as  at 

the  end  of  certain  seeds.     [  <  Gr.    home,  hair] 
Co-man 'che,  1  ko-man'eni;  2  eo-man'che,  n.    one  of  a  tribe 

of  American  Indians  formerly  living  in  northern  Texas. 
co'martt,  n.    A  bargain;  covenant ;  treaty, 
co'mate,  1  kO'met;  2  cO'mflt.  a.    Having  a  coma;  hairy. 
co'mate,  1  ko'met;  2  eo'mat,  n.    A  companion. 
comb,  1  kom;  2  com,  v.    1. 1.    1.  To  draw  a  comb  through  ; 

disentangle,  or  cleanse  with  a  comb;  card;  hackle,    2. 

Paint.  To  grain  with  a  comb,     3.  To  search  through. 

II.  i.    To  curl  over  and  break  into  foam,  as  waves. — 

comb'er1,  n.    1.  one  who  or  that,  which  combs.    2.  A  long 

crested  wave;  a  breaker. — conib'lng,  n.     1.  The  act  of 

combing  or  what  is  removed  by  ;t  comb.   2.  a  coaming, 
comb,  «.     1.  A  thin  piece  (jf  horn,  or  the  Like,  with  teeth: 

tor  cleaning,  dressing,  nr  holding  in  place  the  hair.    2. 

Something  resembling  such  a  comb  in  appearance  or 

use,  as  a  currj  comb  or  a  card  for  dressing  wool  or  I  lax. 

3.  The  fleshy  crest  on  the  head  ol  a  fowl     4-  The  crest 

of  a  hill  or  wave.   H.  Eoneycomb,    [<  A.S.  comb,  oomb, 

crest,  ridge  ] 
comb-,  in.  [Eng.l  A  bowl-shaped  valley  or  hollow,  coomb]; 
combe,  ■  coomlie  ; . 

comb.,  niihr.    ( lomblned,  combining. 

com'batt  1  kem'bat;  2 com'bat,  V.vt  &vi.  Tofightor 
contetnl  with:  oppose;  re  i  t;  do  battle;  oon tend;  strug- 
gle. II.  n,  i.  battle  or  fight;  struggle;  contest,  |  <  I>. 
com-, together,  i   L. ** Imttuo, bi  it  net   vii\.K;iiat- 

'iii.  contbnd;  dibputb;  oppose  ilnglecombattaOght 
between  two;  a  duel,  com 'bat-ant.  La.  Contending  In 
tight;  ready  or  disposed  to  comhut.     II.  n.    One  cnguged  hi 


I  I  St,  *r;   full.  rOlo;   bvt,  1'Orn: 

ti.U  iii  I  -  <\  go,  not,  Or,  w6u.       17| 


-liln  i-r. 


.  niii-r.ii«  u-iii  ,-i 

I. 

- 


i. 


ill    1  ..I1I.T-. 

I . 

'    ■ 

.  .-III.       ,|l-.   MIL      . 

- 

- 

I   ..111.    '11-11.    - 

J..I111     \im>» 

educational  rrf<  -  Ko-men'sMt. 

I  Edible: 

II  -  :ally  In  plural. 

.uding  a  atar>like    nucleus 
c«llc  comet*  ire  •>.  among 


II  illej  •-   .  ., 
Donatl't 

•  -m.t  'i<:. 

.  ..in  h-lur.     . 
I  .  1 . 

■ 
1 1 

ft,  <  L. 

•  nt.  ease. 


».  which  smkw  the  . 


■  d,  porart] .  ■uffartnc,  mtt, 

Com  I  II. 

I   .  loin  fortius    II.  n 
loner. 

oouno- 

m  enlrnt,  genial,  n  ■ 
l-off,  wrIWprot  ided,  u.-ll-i,-  \ 

md  measurabl 
when  free  from  pain,  quiet, 

In  rltvuniMai  inrtablt 

.'  tiini  are  general)} 

n  ..f  sufficient 

II       Ant.    choerlow,  disagreeable, 

Iroary,  forlorn,  rotar- 

ablo. 

.  ..|iif..rl-.i-til   i-li.     -    .  .  ..ill  T.ir(-a-hl)  . 

i (..n-,r.         i.i  mii-  who  er;  1<  -I. 

the  I  .'■    i     s  I  a  wadded  quilt.    3.  A  Ion*. 

rom  'furi-i. 
com  Trey,  1  kom'fn:2  eom'fry,  a.    A  rough,  hairy  herb  of  the 
.  •   family,  or  lis  I  OF.  cumfitU,  <  \..  conflrmo, 

KM. | 

comic,  i  ken  ik    :  I.        I.  Pei    lining  to,  like, 

nested  wil  '.'.  Comical       II.  \ 

. 
.  ..in  i-i  .il.         i.  Droll;  ludicrous;  diverting,    8.  Comic 

•  •   in  uoboub; 
r..m  I-,  ii  i-i> .         i.  The  quality  of 
:.    I      mical  thing,    rom'l-ral-n. -- 
com  i-<  mI-i>  . 
CVmlnes',  1  ko*mln';2  eCmm',  Philippe  de  C1445-16U). 

\   i 
coming,  l  kum'in;  2  coming.    I.  pa.    1.  Approaching, 
.  illy  in  time;  r.    '£.  [Colloq.]  On 

tin-  way  t..  fame  or  note;  T**>«t"y  in  the  phrase  tl 
iwj  ii:.:       II.        rheactof  approaching;  arrival;  advent, 
eo-mlque',  1  ko-mlk':2  eo-euV.  n 
nun  l-ia"ti»  «•-.  ;  kem'i-t£"Uv;2  eoml-tft'ttv,  a.   intubating 

panhnent;  as,  a  eomiimirt  prefix 
co-ml'd-a.  1  ko-mlsh'i-.<:  2  eo-mi.-h'i-a.  n.  pi.  Horn.  Antlq. 
he  Ramans  fur  election  or 

...MITIAI..] 

<  .-initial,  l  ko-miaVal;  2  co-mish'al.  a.    Pertaining  to  the 

comltla  or  popular  '  the  Romans,  also  rarely  to 

•-ssemblles.    [<  L.  comitla,  <  cum,  with,  +  SO,  go] 
hum  'i-Cy,  1  k'ini'i-ti; 2  eom'i-ty,  r».    Kindly  consideration 
hers;  friendliness):  good  will;  courtesy.    (  <  L.  ntmi- 
taU-)s,  <  comls,  kind.)  Syn.:  see  friendship;  politeness, 
i. .iiiiii.,  abbr.  Commentary,  commerce,  commonwealth. 
com 'ma,  1  kern's;  2  eom'a,  n?  dram.   A  punctuation* 
mark  (,)  indicating  the  .-light,  st  separation  in  ideas  or 

i  ut  off.) 

( iim-inand '  ,  1  ko-maiid';  2  ed-mind',  t.     I.  t.     1.  To 

with  authority;  hid;  require;  enjoin.     2.  To  have 

or  hold  under  one's  control;  be  master  of;  hence,  to  be 

able  to  get;  overlook,  as  from  a  height;  cover;  guard.    3. 

iy.     II.  i.     To  be  in  authority;  rule. 

[<  L.r  com-  intens.  +  mando,  command,  order.) 

Synj  a  Uure.  bid.  charge,  control,  direct,  dominate,  en- 
join, govern,  order,  overlook,  require,  rule.     See  dictate; 
.  ■■•  e.  —  AntJ  be  subject,  obey,  submit,  yield. 
.  .,m  "man-dant',  n.    An  officer  In  command,  as  of  a 
military'  post. — com-mand'er,  n.    1.  One  In  command:  a 
der.     2.  A  naval  Offlcer  next  below  a  captain. 
Syn.:  see  CBIXP:  master.     com-mand'er->,  n.     [-ies*,  pi.) 
1  \  lodge  of  various  orders,  as  Knights  Templars, 

i.  The  rank  of  commander  in  an  order  of  knighthood. 
■  ..iii-iii and  'r)  :.-  com-mand 'lng,  pa.  Pitted  to  com- 
mand; Impressive:  authoritative;  dignified.     Synj  see  ab- 

r;      IMPERIot's;      POWBKFUX;     PREDOMINANT.  —  Com- 

m.iiid  lng-1) .  atlr .— com-mand 'men!,  n.     An   authori- 
tative mandate;  edict;  order;  law.     Syn_-  see  law. 

<  oiii-niund ',  n.    1.  The  right  to  command.     2.  The  act  of 

•I.  An  order;  commandment.     4.  The 

-trict  under  a  commander.     5.  Dominating 

tnge  of  view;  use  or  control;  mastery. 

Syn  law;  order:  oversight. 

.  ..m"man-<lcer',  1  kom'iin-dlr7;  2  c6m'aii-dCr',  n.     [8.  Afr.] 

1  Into  military  service.    2.  To  take  possession  of 

for  public  use,  as  under  military  necessity.    [D.  tomman- 

■ 

lom-mat'lc,  1  ko-mat'ik:  2  c6-mat'le.  a.     1.  Composed  of 

"  clauses  or  sentences;  concise,    corn-mat 'l-calt. 
com-mea'-iure,  1  ko-mej'ur:  2  co-mezh'ur,  rt.    To  be  coex- 

wtth  or  equal  to.  —  com-mea'sur-a-bl(e'>,  a. 
i  oiii-miiii  'i>-ratp,  1  ks-mem'o-rSt;  2  co-mfim'o-rat,  vt. 
[-RAT*EDt);   -rat"i.vo]     To   celebrate   or   signalize   the 
ry  of;   keep  in  remembrance.      [<   L.  com-,  to- 
+■  memoT,  mindful. 1 
Syiu:  see  celebrate. 


1:8=  final;    l  =  hablt^   aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  siri0;    fhin,   this.         Comber 
173      2: wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cfire,   but,  burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,    this,      common 


— com-mem'o-ra-bl(ep,  a. — com-mem"o~ra'tlon,  re. 

The  act  of  commemorating,  or  that  which  commemorates. — 
com-mem'o-ra-tlv(e»,  a.  com-mem'o-ra-to-ryj. — 
com-mem 'o-ra"tor,  n. 
com-mence',  1  ko-mens';  2  cS-mgne',  r.  [-menced"; 
-menc'ing.]  I.  t.  To  give  origin  to;  begin;  initiate. 
II.  I.  1.  To  have  or  make  a  beginning;  originate;  start. 
2.  To  begin  to  be;  set  up  as.  [  <  L.F  cum-,  together,  + 
initio,  beginning.]  Syn.:  see  institute.  —  coni-mence'- 
ment.  re.  1.  A  beginning;  origin.  2.  A  celebration  by 
graduates  of  the  completion  of  a  college  course,  when  de- 
grees are  conferred  and  graduate  life  commenced;  also,  the 
day  so  observed.  Syn.:  see  beginning. 
com-mcnd 'd,  1  ke-mend';  2  co-mfnd',  vt.  1.  To  express 
a  favorable  opinion  of;  approve;  praise.  2.  To  recom- 
mend; accredit;  also,  to  present  the  regards  of.  3.  To 
commit  with  confidence;  entrust.  [<  L.  commendo,  < 
com-  intens.  +  mando,  command,  order.]  Syn.:  see  praise. 
— com-mend'a-bl(ep,  a.  Laudable:  creditable.  —  com- 
mend 'a-bl(e-nessp,  re. — com-mend 'a-bly,  adr. — com"- 
men-da'tion,  re.  1.  The  act  of  commending:  approbation. 
2.  Something  that  commends.  Syn.:  see  eulogy. — com'- 
men-da"tor,  re.  One  who  held  a  benefice  in  commendam, 
i.  e.,  temporarily  or  ad  interim. — com-mend  'a-to-ry,  a.  1. 
Expressing  commendation;  serving  to  commend.  2.  Hold- 
ing a  benefice  as  a  commendator.  • 
com-mend 't,  n.  Commendation;  greeting. 
corn-men 'sal.  I.  a.  1.  E3ting  at  the  same  table.  2.  Biol. 
Associated  with  another,  but  not  as  a  parasite,  as  an  oyster- 
crab  with  an  oyster.  II.  n.  1.  A  table=companion.  2.  Biol.  A 
commensal  organism.  [<L.  com-,  together,  +  mensa,  table.] 
com-men'su-ra-bl(ep,  1  ke-men'sTiu-ra-bl ;  2  cd-men'- 
shu-ra-bl,  a.  Measurable  by  a  common  unit;  propor- 
tionate.— com-men"su-ra-bil'i-ty,  n.  corn-men 'su- 
ra-bl(e-nessp£. — corn-men 'su-ra-bly,  adv. 
com-men'su-rate,  1  ke-men'shu-ret;  2  co-men'shu-rat, 
a.  1.  Commensurable.  2.  In  proper  proportion;  pro- 
portionate. [<  L.LL  com-,  together,  +  LL.  mensuro; 
see  measure,  r.]     Syn.:  see  adequate. 

— com-men'su-rate-ly,  adt\ — corn-men  'su-rate-ness, 
n. — com-men"su-ra'tlon,  re. 
com  'men t,  1  kem'ent;  2  com'gnt.  Id.  vi.  To  make  com- 
ments: with  ore  or  upon.  II.  n.  A  note  or  remark  in  ex- 
planation or  criticism.  [  <  L.  commentor,  freq.  of  co7re- 
miniscor.  Invent.]    Syn.:  see  animadversion:  remark. 

— com'men-ta-ry,  re.  [-riesz,  pi.]  A  treatise  in  anno- 
tation or  explanation,  as  of  the  Scriptures;  a  series  or  body 
of  comments;  exposition.  Syn.:  see  definition.  —  com'- 
men-ta"tor,  re.  A  writer  of  commentaries;  an  annotator; 
expounder,  com'ment-ert;  com'men-torj. 
commentt.,  abbr.    Commentators. 

com-merce ',  1  ke-murs';  2  co-mere/,  vi.  [com-merced'1; 
com-merc'ing]  1.  To  have  intercourse;  associate; 
commune.  2t-  To  trade. — corn-mere 'er,  re. 
com'merce,  1  kem'ars;  2  eSm'erc,  n.  1.  Exchange  of 
goods,  productions,  or  property,  as  between  states  or 
nations;  extended  trade.  2.  Intercourse.  3.  A  card' 
game  in  which  the  hands  are  varied  by  exchanging 
cards.  [F.,  <  L.  com-,  together,  +  men,  wares.] 
Syn.:  see  business;  intercourse. 

— com'merce»de-stroy"er,  re.  A  fast  cruiser  or  other 
vessel  armed,  as  a  converted  merchantman,  to  capture  or 
destroy  an  enemy's  shipping.— com-mer'clal,  n.  Of  or 
belonging  to  trade  or  commerce. — com-mer'cial-lst,  re. 
— com-mer'cial-lsm,  n.  The  spirit  or  principles  of  trade; 
the  domination  of  life  by  such  a  spirit. — com-mer'clal-lze 
or -Ise,  vt.  [-ized;-iz"ing.]  To  make  a  matter  of  trade;  put 
on  a  commercial  basis. — com-mer'clal-ly,  adv. 
com-merge',  1  ko-mOrj';  2  eo-merg',  rt.  &  vi.  [com-merged* 
com-merg'ing.]  To  merge  together;  commingle. — com- 
mer'gence,  re.  A  mingling,  as  of  blood. 
com"ml-na'tlon,  1  kom"i-ne'shan;  2  c&m'i-na'shon,  n.  A 
denunciation  or  threatening.  [<  L.  com-  intens.  -f  minor, 
threaten.]— com-mln  'a-to-ry,  a.  Threatening. 
Com-min'gl(ep,  1  ke-min'gl;  2  cS-mln'gl,  vt.  &  vi. 
[-gl(e)dp;  -gling.]  To  mix  together;  mingle.  CO- 
mln'glej.  Syn.:  see  mix. 
com'mi-nute,  1  kem'i-niQt;  2  com'i-nut,  vt.  [-nut"ed<1; 
-nut"ing.]  To  reduce  to  minute  particles;  crush;  pul- 
verize; triturate.  [<  L.  com-  intens.  +  minuo,  dimin- 
ish.]—com"ml-nu'tlon,  re.  1.  Trituration;  pulverization, 
2.  Surg.  A  comminuted  fracture.  3.  Diminution  by  a  gradu- 
al wearing  or  reduction. 
com-mls'er-ate,  1  ko-miz'ar-gt;  2  co-mls/er-at,  vt. 
[-AT"EDd;  -at"ing.]  To  feel  or  manifest  pity  for;  com- 
passionate. [  <  L.  com-,  with,  +  miseror,  pity.)  Syn.:  see 
pity.— com-m!s"er-a'tlon,  re.— com-mls'cr-a-tlv(e8,  a. 
-ly,  adv.— com-mls'er-a"tor,  re. 
Com'mis-sa-ry,  1  kem'i-se-rt;  2  com'i-sa-ry,  re.  [-ries*. 
pL]  1.  A  commissioner.  2.  Mil.  An  officer  in  charge 
of  subsistence,  etc.     [  <  L.  commissus,  pp.  of  committo. 


commit.] — com"mls-sa'ri-al,  a. — com"mIs-sa'rl-at,  re. 
An  army  department  supplying  food  and  other  necessaries; 
also,  military  supplies. 

Com-mls'sion,cl  ko-mish'an;  2  eo-mlsh'on.  I.  rt.  To 
give  a  commission  to,  as  an  officer;  put  into  commission, 
as  a  ship  of  war;  appoint;  empower;  delegate.  II.  n.  1. 
The  act  of  committing;  doing.  2.  The  act  of  entrusting; 
the  matter  entrusted;  a  trust;  charge.  3.  A  document 
conferring jank  or  authority;  also,  the  Tftnk  or  author- 
ity so  conferred.  4.  A  body  of  persons  acting  un- 
der public  authority.  5.  Com.  (1)  Agency.  (2)  Com- 
pensation of  an  agent.  [F.,  <  L.LL  commissus:  gee 
commissary.]— to  put  In  or  Into  commission,  to  put  in 
direct  command  of  a  designated  officer.  :is  a  ship  of  war.  for 
active  service.— com-mls'slon-al,  a.  com-mls'slon-a- 
ryt. 

com-mIs"s!on-naIre',  1  ke-mish'an-ar';  2  co-mish'on-ar',  re. 
A  messenger  or  light  porter.    [F.] 

com-^mis'sion-er,  1  ke-mish'an-ar;  2  co-mish'on-er,  re. 
The  head  of  an  executive  department  of  government; 
one  specially  commissioned. 

com 'mis-sure',  1  kom't-shur;  2  coni'i-shur.  re.  1.  The  point 
of  union  of  two  bodies,  parts,  or  organs,  as  at  the  angle  of 
the  lips,  etc.;  a  junction:  seam;  closure.  2.  Anal.  Abridge- 
like  structure  uniting  similar  parts. 

com-mit',  1  ke-mit';  2  eo-mlt',  rt.  [com-mit'ted11;  com- 
mitting.]  1.  To  do;  perpetrate.  2.  To  place  in  trust 
or  custody;  consign;  entrust;  consign  to  any  person, 
place,  or  use.  3.  To  devote;  pledge;  hence,  to  involve, 
compromise,  or  bind  (oneself).  4.  To  memorize,  as  a 
speech.  5.  To  refer,  as  to  a  committee.  [  <  L.  committo, 
<  com-,  together,  +  initio,  send.] 

Syn.:  assign,  confide,  consign,  entrust,  relegate,  trust. 
Commit,  in  the  sense  here  considered,  is  to  give  in  charge,  put 
into  care  or  keeping;  to  confide  or  entrust  is  to  commit  espe- 
cially to  one's  fidelity,  confide  being  used  chiefly  of  mental  or 
spiritual,  entrust  also  of  material  things;  we  assign  a  duty. 
confide  a  secret,  entrust  a  treasure;  we  commit  thoughts  to 
writing:  commit  a  paper  to  the  flames,  a  body  to  the  earth;  a 
prisoner  is  committed  to  jail.  Consign  is  a  formal  word  In 
mercantile  use;  as,  to  consign  goods  to  an  agent.  Religiously 
we  consign  the  body  to  the  grave,  commit  the  soul  to  God. 
S^e  learn;  trust.  Compare  no.  —  Ant.:  get.  obtain,  re- 
ceive, secure,  take.  —  Prep.:  Commit  to  a  friend  for  safekeep- 
ing; in  law,  commit  to  prison;  for  trial:  ore  suspicion. 

— com-mit 'men t,  re.  The  act  of  committing,  or  the 
state  of  being  committed,  as  to  prison,    com-mit  'tal : . 

com-mit'tee,  1  ke-mit'i;  2  co-mtt'e,  re.    A  person  or  per- 


sons appointed  to  act  upon  some  matter. 
>m-mix',  1  ko-miks';  2  co-miks'.  vt.  <fc  vt. 


com-mlx',  1  ko-miks':  2  co-miks'.  vt.  A  vt.  [com-mixed'«  or 
com-mixt';  com-mix'ing.]    To  mingle  or  mix;  intermix. 

com-mlx'ture,  1  ko-miks'ehur  or  -tiur;  2  cO-mlks'chur  or 
-tur,  re.  1.  A  mixture.  2.  The  act  or  process  of  commingling. 
3.  The  state  of  being  mingled,  com-mlx  'lont ;  com-mlx '- 
tlont. 

corn-mode',  1  ko-mOd':  2  co-mod',  re.  1.  A  chiffonier.  2.  A 
covered  \vash=staiul.  3.  A  portable  stool  used  in  evacuating 
the  bowels.    4.  A  woman's  head-dress  (about  1700).    [F.] 

com-mo'di-ous,  1  ko-mo'di-us;  2  e6-m6'di-us,  a,  1. 
Suitable;  convenient;  spacious.  21'.  Beneficial;  helpful; 
favorable.  [<  L,  commodus,  <  com-,  together,  +  modus, 
measure.]  Syn.:  see  COMFORTABLE;  CONVENIENT;  LARGE. — 
com-mo'di-ous-ly,  adv. — com-mo'dl-ous-ness.  n. 

corn-mod 'i-t>,  1  ke-med'i-ti;  2  eS-mod'i-ty,  n,  [-ties'-, 
pl.]  1.  A  movable  article  of  value;  something  bought 
and  sold.    S8f.  Convenience;  profit,    St- Supply. 

com'mo-dore,  1  kem'o-dor;  2  eom'o-d5r,  n.  i.  [U.  S.] 
A  naval  officer  between  captain  and  rear»adrniral.    2. 

|(  It.  Brit.]  The  commander  of  a  squadron.  3.  The  lead- 
ing vessel  in  a  Bee!  of  merchantmen.  |  <  Sp.  coxnenda- 
dor,  <  L.  commendo,  commend.] 

Com'mo-dus,  1  kem'o-dos;  2  rom'o-dns.  Lucius  .Kilns 
Aurellus  (161-192).    a  Roman  emperor. 

com'mon,  1  kom'an;  2  com'on,  a.  1.  Often  occurring, 
met,  or  seen;  frequenl  or  usual ;  customary  ;  regular,  2. 
Pertaining  to,  connected  with,  or  participated  in  bj  two 
or  more  persons  or  t  imi-  alike  ioinl  general  S.  Com- 
monplace; coarse;  vulgar;  low.  4.  arum  (1)  Of  either 
gender.  (2)  Applicable  to  :iny  individual  of  n  class;  ;is, 
a  i -nmmon  noun.  5.  Secular;  profane;  polluted,  colli'- 
munet- 

Syn.:  cheap,  coarse,  oommonplace,  oustomary,  everywlay, 
familiar,  frequent,  general,  habitual,  low,  mean,  normal,  or- 
dinary, popular,  public,  threadbare,  trite,  universal,  usual, 

vile,  vulgar.  See  FREQUENT!  i  I  .mim  BABITUAL;  mi  i  i  U  . 
natural;  normal;  trite;  CBTJAL.  Ant.:  I  icoeptlonal,  infre- 
quent, odd,  peculiar,  rare,  singular,  unusual  1'lep.:  com- 
mon to  the  race;  oommonamonffmen;  In  oommon  votth  others 

— common  sense.     I.  Practical  understanding;  capacity 

to  tee  and  take  things  In  their  rlghl  light;  sound  judgment. 
2.  ordinary  mental  capacity. 


Mil      IIIUII-ll    , 
I 
II  I 


eocnmon       •  0  hH.  i.in,i>Om; 

■     '        i  ' wwn,    174 

i  i  fare 

■ 

..mm    inn    li-l.lll-li.  I -mil    I  i-lil   r-iirssi  »  . 

..,      .,,         ,      ,  |         ,  .      Mill     l.l-lll     •  Mil-Ill. 

i  "in'  liill-l  i    1 1. mi.  I       \      UtXl  ltil- 

.    '.    ..".'_".        ,„,  ,. in .11-.  r  '      i  ..r  urn  i. iii. I  . .f  i.  ii  iii. -Hi  mi  -.  i  \  i. .  («r  iii    iIIipi     ''.    • 

I  »^l   Ihr        -i."  BM  "  """  "' 

l^avr  1 1.111111111  1 1 inn  iii  i  .  ;  May  or  other 

I -Mill    l.l-lll     .■ 

I  Mill     lllll-l.ll.M  .  \ 

.in iiimi...  i  or 

.  im-mul  'it.  n 

illllll.il  Inn   I  :. 

.  ..Ill-Hill    I  II-. ll     .     ' 

.1  1 1  :i  1 

(  m 'in...  \  provlDoi  i"'|i 

Lago 
■  ll  (  Minn.  .  i  tko  in  i  'omo  pr.M  in.-.  .  :i7  ti 
•  ..in   ..ir  .  oncd  officer     corap.,  aftftr.    Com- 

illed,  i  ompller,  com- 
.  ompound,  compound)  .1 
corn-pact'    .  i  kom-pakt';  2  '''''in  pact',  vt     To  pack  or 
■    ,  ■  .      .       I    I  j    con 

<  i.lil-|i.u  I  '     ,  I  ;.m\ 

i  orn-pa<  i '.        I .  i  llosely  and  firmly  united;  solid,  dense. 
di  used;  brii  •(•  <  lomposed :  oomp 

•  •    i  ibu; 
hard;  btbono;  nu         com-pact'ly,  adv.    eom-pact'- 

in  ■■>>. 
iiiin'iucl,  l  kem'pakt;  A  covenant  or 

ract.    [<  I.  com-, with,    |  pocMOor,ai 

.  B  U  r 

i  miii-|). in  i.ni  ,  i  kem-pan'yen;  2  eom-p&n'yon,  n.     1. 

.■.I r  that  which  accompanies;  a  comradi 

'i.   \  nroman  employed  for  company  and 
not  of  a  menial  nature     $.  A  member  of  thi 

grade  of  :m  order  of  knighth I      t  .    \ja  inferior  or 

worthless  person;  fellow.    [<  I         '"  com-,  together  <  + 

-  ■  !.  '       i  0CIAT1  cuiii- 

ii  hi  Imii-.i-m  eFt  a.   Sociable; agreeable.  Sin.:  see  iihim>- 
<  .Mii-p.in  'lon-a-bl  e-ness  .         corn-pan '- 
Ion-ship,  n.    Byru  see  acquaintance;  association. 
rum-pan 'ion-,  n.  Naut.   1.  A  skylight  or  window.  2.  The 
companion>hatch.    I  <  1 1 

com-pan 'Ion 'hatch",  n     The  w ten  hood  over  a 

com-pan'lon-way,  n.    A  staircase  lead- 
Ins  from  the  deck  to  a  cabin, 
ruin  |>.i-n> .  i  kom'pa-m;  2  e6m'pa-ny,  n.    [-una1,  ;./ ] 
1.  The  society  or  presence  .'f  another  or  others;  fellow- 
ship; association;  society.    2.  One  or  more  guests:  per- 
i  social  purposes;  society.    3,  ^n  assemblage 
or  corporation:  a  partner  or  partners  not  named.     4. 
Mil.  A  body  or  men  commanded  by  a  captain.    [•    01 
compatnie,  <  compain,  <   1.1..  COtnpaMo;  Bee  COHPJ 
com'pa-nlet. 

Syn.:  assemblage, assembly,  body, colled  Ion, conclave, con- 
course, conference,  congregation,  convention,  convocation, 
crowd,  gathering,  group,  host,  meeting,  multitude,  throng, 
used  i"  Include  any  at  oclatloo  ol  those  united 
permanentl)  or  temporarily,  fur  business,  pleasure,  festiv- 
ity, travel,  etc.,  or  bj  Borrow  ,  misfortune,  or  wrong;  cm 
may  denote  an  Indefinite  Dumber  but  . 

any  Implies  more  unity  ol  Feeling  and  purpose  than 
and  Is  a  less  formal  and  more  familiar  word  than  as- 

■  ■/  Is  always  ol  persoi  >dage  Is 

promiscuous  and  unorganised, .  organized  and 

;  in  some  common  purpose.    (  olU 

and  muUUxuU   have  the  unorganized  and  pro 
baracter  ol  the  i  term  i  come 

under  the  general  Idea  of  as.   mbly.    Bodi  I    used  of  a  num- 
ber of  persons  so  organized  and  unlfli  i  can  be 
is  one  whole.    I                              ..  almost  cxclu- 
G  tOierlng  refers  to  n  coming  together,  com- 
"f  numbers  from  far  and  near;  as,  the  gathi  rmn  ot  the 
■  i  com  ;  i  labs; 
Ant..                     loneliness,  privacy,  retirement,  seclusion, 
■  ode. 
eoui-pare',  1  kom-par';  2  eorn-p&r',  v.    [-tared';  -par'- 
1. 1.    1.  To  examine  so  as  to  pi  rceiye  similaritj  or 
tte  the  resemblance  or  difference  of.    2. 
To  l                                              ocular,  analogous,  or  equal; 
liken.    3.  Gram.  To  Btate  the  degrees  of  o 

..  oi  adverb).    II.  <     rob   worthy  of  com- 

I     comparo,  <  com-  (<  cum),  together,  + 

equal.]     Syn.:  assimilate,  collate,  liken,  parallel.    See 

\>T. —  Prep.:  compare  one  thing  with  another  (to  note 

menl  or  difference);  compare  one  thlnn  to  another 

linn  'pa-ra-bl  <<•''.  a.     1  bal  may  be  compared:  fit  to  be 
compared;    similar.— com  'pa-ra-bly,    adv.— com-par'a- 


mu-nir.l. 

lUllr    . 

.ii    ni- 


i  ■  motion 

' 

imately. 

'  the  nm- 
i  he  »  Miiiniiiiii-  .    [F.,  < 

I     "III       111   11-11,1.  I.     Ol 

"i iii  'mu-nsl-lsm, 

-tumid  be 

mmunes. 

nu   inii-ii  1 1  - 1  -  il.  .  i  .iiu'- 


f'ommunlon. 

I. 

.'. 

l-lllll"lll-l ' .1-1)11     l-l)  .  i  ..lu- 

ll- III  11  III-.  lilt. 

<  miii-IIIII    "lll-l    I     ll.ill.  I 

n.     Si:. 


•  ..iii-mii  'nl-ra"tur,  ),. 


.MIII-IIIII  '- 


corn-mil   ni-t) , 

i 


rom-miit<- ', 


1. 

:».  I:  - 

- 

'.  n.     An 

I . 

■  dim  inii-iii-i.   n.     One 
..in'  inii-iil-   ti. .   •tl-cal, 

•' 
■ 


■    • 
I         i 

■ 
II-  to  effect  commuta- 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    on  =  out;    ell:    10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    n  =  sing;    thin,   this-        Common 
175    2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,    cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,   competent 


tlv(es.  I.  a.  1.  Pertaining  to,  resulting  from,  or  making 
use  of  comparison.    2.  Estimated  by  comparison;  relative. 

3.  Gram.  Expressing  a  degree  of  an  adjective  or  adverb 
higher  than  the  positive  and  lower  than  the  superlative. 
II.  n.  1.  Gram.  The  comparative  degree,  as  of  an  adjective. 
2||.  A  dealer  in  comparisons  and  witticisms  of  analogy. — 
4||.  Comparable. — comparative  sciences,  sciences  that 
deduce  results  from  comparison  of  related  objects;  as,  com- 
parative anatomy. — com-par'a-tiv(e-ly8,  adv. 

com-pare'l!,  re.    Comparison. 

coin-par  'i-son,  1  kem-par'i-san;  2  com-par'i-son,  n.  1. 
A  comparing;  an  estimate  or  statement  of  relative  like- 
ness or  unlikeness;  a  simile;  example;  resemblance. 
2.  Gram.  That  inflection  of  adjectives  or  adverbs 
which  indicates  differences  of  degree.  There  are  three 
degrees  of  comparison,  the  positive,  comparative,  and  super- 
lative, the  last  two  being  regularly  expressed  by  adding  -er 
or  -esc  to  the  positive,  or  by  using  more  or  most,  less  or  least, 
before  it.  [<  F.  comparaison,  <  L.  comparalioln-),  <  com- 
■po.ro;  see  compare,  ».]     Syn.:  see  analogy;  similitude. 

—In  or  by  comparison  of  ][,  in  c.  lo,  in  c.  with,  as  com- 
pared or  contrasted  with:  considered  with  reference  to. 

corn-part',  1  kom-part';  2  com-part',  vt.  To  divide  into  com- 
partments; partition.  [<  L.  com  (cum),  together,  +  pars, 
part.] 

coin-part 'ment,  1  kom-pdrt'ment  or  -mant;  2  com- 
piirt'ment,  n.  A  separate  section  or  chamber,  as  of  a  ship. 
[  <  LL.F  compartio,  <  L.  cum,  together,  +  pars,  part.] 

com'pass,    )  1  kum'pas;  2  eom'pas.    P.  vt.    1.  To  bring 

cum 'passp,  )  within  one's  possession;  attain;  plan  for; 
plot.  2.  To  grasp  mentally;  comprehend.  3.  Carp. 
To  cause  to  curve;  bend  into  circular  form.  4  .  To  go 
around;  surround;  encompass.  Syn.:  see  attain. 
II.  n.  1.  Extent  within  limits;  reach;  scope.  2.  A 
boundary  or  circuit.     3.  Moderate  bounds;  due  limits. 

4.  Mus.  The  range  of  a  voice  or  instrument.  5.  An  in- 
strument for  determining  directions,  usually  by  the 
pointing  of  a  magnetic  needle  free  to  turn  in  a  horizon- 
tal plane,  and  carrying  a  marked  card,  as  in  the  mari- 
ners' compass.  6.  Intent,  purpose,  or  design.  7.  A  cir- 
cular course  or  journey;  round;  circuit.  [<  F.  compos, 
<  L.  com-,  together,  +  passits;  see  pace,  n.] — com'pass- 
a-bl(eP,  a.  Possible;  attainable. — com  'pass  >eard",  n. 
The  circular  card  or  dial  of  a  mariners'  compass,  on  which 
the  32  points  are 
marked.  It  moveg 
with  the  needle  or 
needles  that  are  at- 
tached to  it.  c.s 
dial}:.  —  emplane, 
re.  A  carpenters' 
plane  for  smooth- 
ing concave  sur- 
faces. —  c.splant, 
n.  A  tall,  rough* 
bristly  herb  of  the 
aster  family,  of  the 
American  prairies, 
whose  large  lower 
leaves  are  said  to 
assume  a  vertical 
position  with  their 
edges  turned  north 
and  south.  c.= 
flower}.  —  c.ssaw,  Compass=card. 

U.  A        hand=SUW       The  Idlers  at  the    circumference  are    nlil.revinlloiiB 

that  will   cut   in   a  "'  "le  points;  "»y  nro  rwlJ:   North,  north  bj  east. 

Small   circle  ii"rtli.nurtheaat,  m>rtli<-ant  l.y  nortli,  n-irtlicaat,  etc. 

com'pass-es,  1  kum'pas-ez;  2  com'pas-esj,  n.  pi.  A 
jointed  instrument  for  marking  measurements,  de- 
scribing circles,  etc    pair  of  compasses}. 

coin-pas 'sion,  1  kem-pasli'an;  2  eom-pash'on,  re.  Pity 
for  suffering,  with  desire  to  help  or  to  spare;  commisera- 
tion. |I'\,  <  L.1*  com-,  together,  +  potior,  suffer.] 
Syn.:  .sec  mercy;  pity. 
com-pas'ston-ate.  I.  t/.  [-at*ed*;  -at*inq.]  t« 
have  compassion  for;  commiserate.  II.  a.  I.  Feeling  com- 
passion; merciful;  sympathetic.  2||.  inviting  or  exciting 
compassion;  pitiable;  piteous.  Syn.:  (verb)  see  pity;  (adjec- 
tive) sec  charitable;  humane;  merciful,  com-pas'- 
slon-ate-Iy,  adv. — com-pas'sloii-ate-ness,  n. 

com-pat'I-bI(ep,  1  kem-pat'i-bl;  2  eom-pat'i-bl,  a.  Ca- 
pable   of    existing    together';    congruous;    congenial. 

coni-pat"i-i»iri-iy,  n.   The  state  oi  being  compatible;  cod 
gruity;  congenlalltj  iconsl  tency.    com-pat'l-Dl(e-nessp] . 
— com-pat'1-bly,  adv. 
com-pa'tii-ot,  1  kem-pe'tn-et;  2  e8m-p&'tri-ot,  n.    A 
fellow  countryman  or  patriot.    [<  F.  compatriote,  <  I.. 

com-,  together;  .•ititl  See  PATRIOT.]      i'iiin-|ta"trl-ol  'lc,  a. 
com-pa'tri-o-tlsm,  re. 
com-pear',  1  koin-pir';  2  com-per',  vl.    1.  .Scots  Law.  To  ap- 


pear in  court.  2t.  To  appear.  [<  L.  compareo,  <  cum. 
with.  +  pareo,  appear.]  com-peer't;  com-pelr't. — com- 
pear'ance,  n. — com-pear 'er,  re. 

coin-peer',  1  kom-pir';  2  com-per',  n.  1.  One  of  equal 
rank.  2.  A  comrade;  associate.  [<  L.F  com-,  together, 
+  par,  equal.] 

corn-pel',  1  kem-pel';  2  com-pel',  v.  [com-pelled',  com- 
peld'8;  com-pel'ling.]  I.  t.  1.  To  urge  irresistibly; 
constrain;  coerce;  force.  2.  To  obtain  by  force;  exact. 
3||.  To  seize;  overpower;  extort.  4§.  To  drive  together; 
herd;  drive;  as,  cloud*compellina  Jove.  II.  i.  To  use 
compulsion.  [  <  L.OF  cum-,  together,  +  pello,  drive.] 
Syn.:  coerce,  constrain,  drive,  force,  make,  necessitate, 
oblige.  Force  implies  primarily  an  actual  physical  process; 
compel  implies  the  exertion  of  power  almost  as  absolute, 
subduing  all  resistance.  Coerce  implies  the  actual  or  poten- 
tial use  of  so  much  force  as  may  be  necessary  to  secure  the 
surrender  of  the  will.  Constrain  implies  the  yielding  of 
judgment  and  will,  and  in  some  cases  of  inclination  or  affec- 
tion, to  an  overmastering  influence.  See  2  Cor.  v,  14.  See 
actuate;  bind;  make.  Compare  drive;  influence. — 
Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  hinder. 

— com-pel 'la-blte*",  a.  Capable  of  being  or  liable  to  be 
compelled.— com-pel  'la-  bly,  adv.— com-pel  'lcr,  re.— 
com-pel 'Hng-ly,  adv. 

com"pel-la'tlon,  1  kenTpe-le'sTian;  2  c6m"pe-la'shon,  re.  1. 
Form  of  address;  appellation.  2.  The  act  of  addressing;  an 
address.    [<  L.  compellalio(n-),  <  compello;  see  compel.] 

com'pend,  1  kem'pend;  2  eom'pend,  re.    A  compendium. 
Syn.:  see  abridgment. 

corn-pen 'di-ous,  1  kem-pen'di-us;  2  eom-pen'di-us,  a. 
Briefly  stated;  succinct;  concise.  Syn.:  see  terse. — com- 
pel! 'dl-ous-ly,  adv. — com-pen'di-ous-ness,  re. 

coin-pen 'di-um,  1  kem-pen'di-um;  2  com-p6n'di-um,  re. 
[-di-ums  or  -di-a,  pi.]     An  abridgment;  abstract.     [< 
L.LL  com-,  together,  +  pendo.  weigh.] 
Syn.:  see  abbreviation;  abridgment. 

com 'pen-sate,  1  kem'pen-set;  2  com'pen-sat,  v.  [-sat"- 
EDd;  -sat"ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  make  suitable  return  to  or 
for;  requite;  remunerate.  2.  To  make  amends  for; 
counterbalance.  3.  Mech.  To  provide  with  a  compen- 
sating device.  II.  i.  To  make  return  or  amends.  [  <  L. 
com-,  together,  +  penso,  weigh.]  Syn.:  see  pay;  requite. 
— com"pen-sa'ilon,  re.  The  act  of  compensating,  or  that 
which  compensates;  payment;  amends.  Syn.:  see  recom- 
pense; restitution;  salary. — com-pen'sa-tiv(es.  I.  a. 
Making  or  serving  as  compensation,  com-pen'sa-to-ry}. 
II.  re.     Compensation. — com'pen-sa"tor,  re. 

com-pete',  1  kem-plt';  2  eom-pet',  vi.  [-pet'ed"1;  -pet'- 
ing.]  To  contend  emulously,  as  for  a  prize;  vie.  [  <  L. 
com-,  together,  +  pcto.  seek.]  Syn.:  see  contend. — com"- 
pe-tl'tlon,  re.  Contention  of  two  or  more  for  the  same  ob- 
ject or  for  superiority;  rivalry. 

Syn.:  contest,  emulation,  opposition,  rivalry.  Competition 
is  the  striving  for  something  that  is  sought  by  another  at  the 
same  time.  Emulation  regards  the  abstract,  competition  the 
concrete;  rivalry  is  the  same  In  essential  meaning  with  aim- 
petition,  but  differs  In  the  nature  of  the  objects  contested  for, 
which,  in  the  case  of  rivalry,  are  usually  of  the  nobler  sort 
and  less  subject  to  direct  gaging,  measurement,  and  rule. 
We  speak  of  competition  In  business,  emulation,  in  scholar- 
ship, rivalry  in  love,  politics,  etc.;  emulation  of  excellence, 
success,  achievement;  competition  for  a  prize;  rivalry  between 
persons  or  nations.  Competition  may  be  friendly,  rivalry  is 
commonly  hostile.  Opposition  is  becoming  a  frequent  Sub- 
stitute for  competition  in  business  language;  it  Implies  that 
the  competitor  Is  an  opponent  and  hindcrer.  Compare  am- 
bition ;  emulation.  —  Ant.:  agreement,  association,  alliance, 
combination,  confederacy,  harmony,  monopoly,  union.  In 
business  and  commercial  use,  the  clilel  antonym  of  compe- 
tition is  monopoly,  which  by  bringing  ail  engaged  in  tin 
Industry  under  a  single  control  forbids  them  to  compete 

com-pet'l-tiv(eB,  u.  Pertaining  to  or  characterised  by 
competition,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n.  com-pct'1-tor,  n.  1. 
one  whii  or  thai  which  competes,  "it.  An  associate;  con- 
federate.    Syn.:  see  enemy,     com-pet'l-lor-slilp,  n. 

com'pe-tence,   i\  kem'pi-tens,  -ten-si;  2  e8m'pe-teno, 

com'pe-ten-cy,  \  ten  ..■>-,  u.  1.  The  state  of  being  com- 
petent; ability,  '!.  Sufficient  means;  sufficiency.  3. 
i.mr.  Qualification  er  admissibility.    Syn.:  see  mi 

com'pe-tent,  1  kem'pi-tent;  2  e8m'pe-t8nt,  a.  1.  Hav- 
ing sufficient  ability  or  authority;  qualified.  2.  Suffi- 
eient ;  adequate. 

Syn.:  able,  adapted,  adequate,  capable,  B1 ,  qualified.  <  >ne 
is  competi  >ii  who  baa  all  the  natural  powers,  physical  or  men- 
tal, In  nieel   I  he  i |eu  1:1 1 h Is  .if  :i  BltUatlOO  "i   unrl.  I  lie  word  Is 

widely  used  uf  ability  tn  i -t  .'iii  requirements,  natural. 

legal,  er  other;  .'is.  :i  competent  knowledge  of  a  subject;  a 
courl  of  competent  lurlsdlctlon,  Qualified  refers  to  acquired 
abilities;  competi »/  t"  both  natural  and lulred;  a  qualified 

tcachei    may  be  no   lunger  nun  in  I,  nl,  by  reason  of  HI  health 

Able  and  capabU  suggest  general  ability  and  reserved  power, 


I  i  ..'.  ftr;   full.  rule;   DUt,  Lorn; 

ii         i  I       I     ,  ft,  urn.  ftr,  won,     17<> 


I 

.  .'in    p|— |  i   iixii. 
- 1 » I   - 

I. 
'    ■ 

Imwiug 

I 

unt,  murmur, 
■    utterance  to 

III  I.  nit"  r.  hi' 

. 

on,  pre- 

l  r - 

c - 

l-pl.llll    IllK-ln 

I . 
.'.    . 
I.  ailment :  dis- 

LAIN.]     cora- 

m  plaint 
r  be  people 

pla-g&nt*,   'i. 

<  inn 'phil-sarici-", 
c  'mi  plal- 
I-  -  ml     ii 

I       I  r  i  - 

■  ..in  [.I-  -in.  ni .    .  im'ple- 

i  mpple- 

II,  1  ■  i    » hi.  h   lill-   up  ..r 

eon.  '.'.  An  addition 

gle,  the  amount 

.'ni'<       [<   I..  COmplt  iiii  n- 

'. 

r.nii   pit  -mi  ii  ■  ii.  upply,  a 

(  mil'  pi.  -nun  '- 


[.l.i 

pUIn   ln«-l 
i  ••■■■  —  !•■  ilnt 


lam     .  i  om-pti 


i pi 


•  .•ni  i 
i  ..in-pi. 


.Ml-pl. 


rntn   plei. 


lar.»  .<!      "I'.v 

mw  ••  :  parti 


l. 

n  •  li-li;  lini-li;  ful- 

nij.l.  tut  , 

-pletel) , 

ratn-ple'tlon,  n      I.  The  ad 

! 
i  om-ple'l  I .  .    . 

I 
'-'■  ■ 

Intricate, 
multiform, 

:■  ..f  a  number  of 
compound  In  Which  the  parts  are 


.  ii,  i. ui  combined  int. i  n  (initio  Km 

t  tin   different  parta  ha>  ■   Ii      •><  unit  | 

,  j  nr  eompoun  I,  but  maintain  their 

nil*  i. In. ilii  \        Inn'.  hotlj .    niiiHN.   nr 

until  •   pal '  ■  "i  pal  i  Ii  It  i  are  lnt«  mlngli  d   often 

order  or  plan  lltcrallj . 

.ml  pudding* 
i  .  d  w  hloh  are 

separated,  either  in 
In  fact;  threads  which  are  tangled  nr  entangled 
id  draw  upon  one  another  In  ■  confusing  and  ob- 
i   i  lot  h   it  u  complicated  mechanism;  tho 
Oordlnn  knol  was  intricate;  the  twining  serpents  of  the  La 
tn  tatt  '.I.  ni  ..r  conoopl Ion  Is 

remote  from  the  usual  course  nf  thought     \\  e  ipeak  of  com- 
architecture,  an  Involved  lentenco;  of  the  complicated 
nr  lain        account*  ..t  a  great  builness,  the  entangled  ao- 
oounta  .■(   an  Inoompetenl  nr  dl  keeper      Bee 

tnl    ■  lear,  direct,  hot  ibvloua,  plain, 

simple,  iiiii'uiiii.iiii'ii.  unoompounded,  uniform,  unravi  led 
rum  pliv.   ■:      Something  composite  or  complicated;  a 
complication;   collection.     (<    I-    complexut,   pp.,    < 
com-,  together,   I   pteeto,  braldH    com-plex'l-ty,  n 
pi  |    The  state  ol  i»  Ing  complex;  something  complex    com- 
plex   lies'  .       <<)lll-plel  'I)  ,  mil  . 

i om-plev 'inn,  l  kem-plek'shen: 2  eSm-pleVshon,  n     I. 

in ■•■  ..I  tin-  -kin.  eepeciall]  ..i  i he 
face      2.  Qeneral  aspect;  character;  quality      I-     I.' 
ixut   see complex,  (i.i    eoiii-plex'ion-ai,  .j     com- 
plex 'lulled,  ii. 

com-pll 'a-b|  v,    l    kem-ploi'a-bl;    2    eom-pll'a-bl,    a. 

<  'iiiiiiiliiinl . 

com-pll 'ance,  l  kem-plai'ens;  2  eom-pll'anc,  n     I.  The 
■  complying     2.  Complaisance,    com-pll ';ui-c) ;. 
com-pll  'anti  1  kem-plai'en1 ;  2  efim-pll'ant,  a     '  lomply- 
Ing;  yielding.    Syn.:  sec  docile;  obsequious;  supple. 

riiin-pH  ant-l)  ,  ad*. 

i  (nil  'pD-cate,  l  kem'ph-ket;  2  efim'pli-eat.    I.  of.  &  vi. 

■    .    i  \i'is..]     To  make  or  become  complex, 
difficult,  or  perplexing;  mix;  confuse;  intertwine;  cu- 
ll.'/    Complicated;  complex,    |-    L.  com-,  to- 

■  ■".  fniil  ]   Syn.:  see  involve;  pebplex,     com'- 
pll-ra-c).  n        -.  EBBS,  pi.]     The  state  of  IicIiik  complicated: 

that   which   is  complicated;   complication;  complexity 
cm  "pii-ca 'tlon,  r»,    I.  The  act  of  complicating,  or  the  state 
of  being  complicated;  complexity.    2.  Anything  thatcom- 
pUcatea     cnin'pll-ca-th  ic*,  a. 

eoni'pllee  ,  1  kom'plts;  2  c6m'pllr;,  n.    1.  An  accomplice.    2. 
i.  laic. 

i  :>m-plic'l-ty,  1  kom-plis'i-ti;  2  c.'ini-plie'i-t.v,  H.     [-TIEB', 

///.]    The  acl  nr  state  oi  bi  ing  an  accomplice. 

com-pll  'er,  l  kem-plal'er;  2  eom-pII'Sr,  «.    I.  ( >ne  «  no 
ily  yields  or  compiles.    2t-  A  conformist  In  politics,  religion, 
etc 

com 'pll-mcnt J,  1  kom'pli-ment  or  -mant;  2  eom'pli- 
inciit.r.  I.J.  To  pay  a  compliment  i"  II.  1  To  use 
..r  exchange  compliments.     Syn.:  see  praise;  puff. 

i  om'pli-niciit,  n.    I.  An  expression  ol  admiration,  con- 
gratulation, or  the  like.    2.  A  formal  greeting  or  remem- 
brance: usually  in  the  plural.     [<!.."    '   rum  jilrnn  ntiiin; 
IMPLEMENT.]      eoin"pll-inen  'ta-rj  ,  a.     Expressing  or 

i  e  ol  compliment 
cmii'plln.    >  1  kem'phn;  2  eom'plin,  n,  Eccl.  The  last  service 
cnmpiiiie.  I  ol  common  prayer  fur  the  day:  often  used  in  the 

plural.    [ME,  comvlvn,  <  F.  compile,  <  1. 1,,  computus;  see 

i  omplete.]    com'pllnest;  coni'pllns;. 
corn-plot',  1  kem-plet';  2  eom-plAt',  rt.  A-  ri.    [-im.ot'ted11; 

-im-ui'ii.         ro  combine  In  plotting;  conspire     I      I',  com- 

ploter,  <  complot ,  plot,  ■    L.  complicUum,  entanglement,    < 

COmpltCO;  see  COMPLIt  ITS,  a.]  (conspiracy. 

emu 'plot,    1    kom'plot;   2  com'plot,   n.      A   concerted   plot; 

<  ompit.,  nhhr.  Complainant. 

rum-ply',   1   kom-pldi';  2   coin-ply',   vi.      [-I'l.n.i/;  -i-I.y'- 

is(;.j     1.  To  act  in  conformity  (with);  consent;  obey: 

usually  with  u  ith     'J  I  •  To  be  complaisant  or  courteous; 

observe  civilities.    (<  I."  compieo;  see  complete,  a.\ 
Syn.:  see  igree;  obet. 
coiiipn.,  uiihr     i  omposltlon,  compost, 
i  (iin-po'iieiit,   l    kem-pfi'nent;  2    e8m-p6'n8nt.     I.  a. 

Forming  a  part  or  ingredient.     II.  n.     A  constituent 

pari      I  ^  I.   compono,  -<  •■  i  oupobii  b.] 

coin-port  M,  J  koin-port;  2  corn-port',  v.    I.  (.    To  conduct 

ll.  i      To  be  compatible;  agree,     |<  L. 

ether,  +  potto,  carry]  corn-port 'incut,  n.  Be- 
havior; deportment, 
coin-pose',  1  kom-po/':  2  eom-pds',  c  [-POSEO';  -pos'- 
i'-'.  1  I.  (.  1.  To  make  up  of  elements  or  parts;  con- 
-truet;  form.  2.  To  •..•  it,,  constituent  parts  of;  consti- 
tute     :{.  To  train piilize;  calm      4.  To  reconcile;  arrange; 

."»  .  J.,  arrange  (type)  in  lines;  set,    II.  i.     In 


1: 3  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    an  =  out;    ©II;    IQ  =  feud;    Cllin;    go;    n  =  eino;    fhin,    this.  Compline 
177   2: wolf,  d«;  book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  conceit 


engage  in  composition,  as  of  literary  or  musical  works  or 
of  or  with  type.  [  <  F.  composer,  <  com-,  together,  + 
poser,  place.]  Syn.:  see  allay;  construct;  make;  settle. 
— com-posed ',  pa.  Free  from  agitation;  calm.  Syn.:  see 
calm. — com-pos'ed-ly,  adv. —  com-pos'ed-ness,  n. — 
com-pos'er,  n.  One  who  composes;  specifically,  a  writer 
of  music. 

Com-pos'it(es,  1  kem-pez'it;  2  com-pog'it,  a.  1.  Made 
up  of  separate  parts  or  elements;  combined  or  com- 
pounded. 2.  Arch.  Combining  the  Corinthian  and 
Ionic  orders.  3.  Bot.  Having  massed  involucrate 
flower^heads  resembling  single  flowers,  as  the  aster,  sun- 
flower, etc.  [<  L.  compositus,  pp.  of  compono,  <  com-, 
together,  +  pono,  place.]  Syn.:  see  complex. —composite 
number,  a  number  that  can  be  exactly  divided  by  any  whole 
number  above  one. — c.  photograph,  a  photographic  picture 
formed  by  combining  several  portrait  images. — com-pos'- 
It(e-ly8,  adv. — com-pos'it(e-ness8,  n. 

Com"po-si'tion,  1  kem"po-zis"h'9n;  2  eom"po-§ish'on,  n. 
1.  The  act  of  composing,  or  the  state  or  manner  of  being 
composed.  2.  A  literary,  artistic,  or  musical  produc- 
tion. 3.  A  compound  or  combination.  4.  Typesetting. 
5.  An  agreement  or  settlement;  compromise.  [F.,  <  L. 
compositio(n-),  <  compositus;  see  composite.]  Syn.:  see 
production. — com-pos'i-tiv(es,  a.  Having  the  power  of 
compounding;  synthetic. — com-pos'i-tor,  n.  1.  A  type- 
setter.   2.  One  who  composes  or  sets  in  order. 

com'pos  men 'tis,  1  kem'pes  men'tis;  2  com'pos  men'tis. 
Of  sound  mind.     [L.] 

com 'post,  1  kem-post;  2  com'post.  Id.  vt.  To  make  into 
or  cover  with  compost.  II.  n.  A  fertilizing  mixture;  a 
composition  for  plastering.     [OF.  composte.] 

com-po'sure,  1  kem-po'jur;  2  com-po'zhur,  n.  1.  Tran- 
quillity, as  of  manner  or  appearance;  calmness;  serenity. 
2t-  Adjustment;  disposition;  temperament.  ^.Agree- 
ment; settlement,  as  of  differences.  Syn.:  see  apathy; 
patience. 

com"po-ta'tion||,  1  kem'po-te'shan;  2  com"po-ta'shon,  n. 
A  drinking  or  tippling  in  company;  carouse. 

com'pote,  1  kem'pot;  2  com'pot,  n.  Stewed  or  preserved 
fruit,  especially  when  so  cooked  as  to  preserve  its  form.    [F.] 

Com-pound'd,  1  kem-paund';  2  com-pound',  v.  I.  t.  1. 
To  make  by  intimate  combination  of  elements  or  ingre- 
dients. 2.  To  mix  intimately,  or  make  by  such  mixture; 
combine.  3.  To  settle  for  less  than  the  sum  due,  as  a 
debt.  4.  To  cover  up  or  condone  (a  crime)  for  a  consid- 
eration. II.  z.  To  come  to  terms;  give  or  accept  pay  for 
an  offense.  [<  L.OF  compono;  see  composite.]  Syn.:  see 
mix;  unite. 

com 'pound,  1  kom'paund;  2  com'pound,  a.    Composed 
of  two  or  more  ingredients  or  parts;  composite. 
Syn.:  see  complex. 

com'pound1,  n.    A  compound  substance. 

com'pound2,  n.  The  walled  or  fenced  enclosure  of  a 
residence  or  factory  in  the  Orient.  [  <  Malay  kampong, 
enclosure.] 

com"pra-dor',  1  kem"pra-dor';  2  com'prii-dor',  n.  [Pg.]  A 
native  agent  and  intermediary  in  a  business  house,  coin"- 
pra-dore'J. 

com"pre-hendM,  1  kem"pn-hend';  2  com"pre-hend',  vt. 
1.  To  grasp  mentally;  understand  fully.  2.  To  include; 
comprise;  encompass.  [<  L.  comprehendo,  <  com-,  to- 
gether, +  preliendo,  seize] 

Syn.:  see  apprehend;  catch;  embrace;  know;  perceive. 
— com"pre-hen"si-bll'i-ty,  n.  The  state  of  being  com- 
prehensible. com"pre-hcn'si-bl(e-nessPi. — com"pro- 
nen'sl-bl(eI\  a.  Capable  of  being  comprehended;  conceiv- 
able.— com"pre-hen'si-bly,  adv.-  eom"pre-hen'slon,  n. 
1.  The  mental  grasping  of  ideas,  fads,  etc.,  or  the  power  of 
doing  so;  understanding.  2.  Inclusion;  comprehensiveness. 
Syn.:  see  knowledge;  understanding;.  oom"pro-hen'- 
slv(eH,  a.  Large  in  scope  or  content;  inclusive;  broad,  -ly, 
adv.   -ncss,  n. 

corn-press",  1  kem-pres';  2  com-priV,  vt.  To  press  to- 
gether or  into  smaller  space;  condense;  compact;  con- 
centrate. [  <  L.  compressus,  <  com-,  together,  -f-  prcmo, 
press.]     Syn.:  see  aiihrmviate;  REDUCE. 

— Com-|>ress"l-bil'i-ty,  n.  eom-pross'l-blre-nossi't. 
— corn-press 'i-bl(c'\  a.  Capable  of  being  compressed, 
com-pres'slon,  n.  The  act  of  compressing,  or  l.lie  slate  of 
being  compressed. — com-prcs'slv(eH,  a.  Tending  to  or  hav- 
ing power  to  compress.  —  corn-pros 'slvfe-ly",  adv.—  com- 
pressor, n.  onewhoortii.it  which  compresses;  a  compress- 
ing muscle  or  machine. — corn-pros 'sure,  n.  < lompreaslon; 
pressure. 

com'press,  1  kem'pres;  2  com'pres,  n.  A  device  for  com- 
pressing. 

com-prise',  1  kem-praiz';  2  com-prls.,  vt.  [-prised'; 
-pris'ino.]  To  include  and  cover;  consist  of;  embrace. 
[<  L.f  comprehendo;  see  comprehend.]  com-prlze'Bt.— 
com-prl'sal,  n. 


com'pro-mise,  1  kem'pro-maiz ;  2  com'pro-mis,  v. 
[-mised;  -mis"ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  adjust  by  concessions. 
2.  To  expose  to  risk  or  suspicion.  3f.  To  bind  or  pledge 
mutually.  II.  i.  To  make  a  settlement  by  conces- 
sions. 

COlll'pro-mise,  n.  1.  An  arrangement  for  settlement  by 
mutual  concession.  2.  The  habit  or  spirit  of  concession. 
[<  L.  com-,  together,  +  promitto,  promise.] 

com"pro-mit'|],  1  kom"pro-mit';  2  c6m"pro-mit,',  vt.  [-mit'- 
ted<i; -mit'ting.]    To  compromise. 

COinptH,  1  kaunt;  2  count,  n.  Account;  reckoning. — 
— comp-trol'ler,  n.  Same  as  controller,  1. — comp- 
trol'ler-suip,  n. 

compt'i-blet,  a.    Accountable;  tractable;  sensitive.  ■ 

com-pul'sion,  1  kom-pul'snan;  2  com-pul'shon,  n.  The 
act  of  compelling,  or  the  state  of  being  compelled;  coer- 
cion. [  <  L.  compulsus,  pp.  of  compello;  see  compel.] 
Syn.:  see  necessity.— com-pul'siv(es,  a.  Compelling,  or 
tending  to  compel;  compulsory,  com-pul'sa-to-ryt.  Syn.: 
see  absolute. — com-pul'siv(e-ly8,  adv. — com-pul'siv(e- 
nesss,  n. — com-pul'so-ry,  a.  1.  Employing  compulsion: 
compelling;  coercive.  2.  Enforced;  forced.  Syn.:  see  ab- 
solute; necessary.— com-pul'so-ri-ly,  adv.— com-pul'- 
so-ri-ness,  n. 

com-punc'tion,  1  kem-punk'slian;  2  com-punc'shon,  n. 
Self=reproach  for  wrong«doing;  slight  regret.  [<  L. 
com-  intens.  +  pungo,  sting.]  Syn.:  see  repentance. — 
com-punc'tious,  a. 

com"pur-ga'tion,  1  kem"pur-ge'shen;  2  e5m"pur-ga'shon, 
n.  The  ancient  practise  of  clearing  an  accused  person  by  the 
oaths  of  several  others,  usually  twelve,  who  swore  to  their 
belief  in  his  innocence.  [<  L.  compurgalus,  <  com-,  to- 
gether,  +   pvrgo,  cleanse] — com 'pur-ga"tor,  n. 

com-pute',  1  kem-piut';  2  corn-put',  vt.  &  vi.    [-put'ed"1; 
-put'ing.]    To  estimate  numerically;  calculate;  reckon. 
[<  L.  com-,  together,  +  puto,  reckon.] 
Syn.:  see  calculate. 

—  com-put"a-bii'i-ty,  n.  —  com-put'a-bI(ep,  a. — 
com"pu-ta'tion,  n.  1.  The  act  of  computing.  2.  A  com- 
puted amount. — com-put'er,  n. 

Comr.,  abbr.     Commissioner. 

com'rade,  1  kem'rad;  2  com'rad,  n.    An  intimate  com- 
panion.    [  <   L.F  camera,  chamber.] 
Syn.:  see  associate. 
— com'rade-ship,  n.    com'radc-ryf. 

Com.=Sergt.,  abbr.     Commissary-sergeant. 

Comte,  1  kent;  2  cont,  Auguste  (1798-1857).  A  French 
philosopher;  founder  of  positivism. — Com'ti-an,  a. — 
Com'tism,  n.    The  philosophy  of  Comte. 

Co'mus,  1  ko'mus;  2  co'miis,  n.  1.  Class.  Myth.  The  god  of 
revelry,  represented  as  a  winged  youth  bearing  a  torch.  2. 
A  mask  by  Milton,  in  which  Comus  is  an  enchanter. 

Com.  Ver.,  abbr.    Common  Version  (of  the  Bible). 

com'ynst,  n.  pi.    Same  as  commons. 

con1,  1  ken;  2  con,  vt.  [conned,  condb;  con'ning.]  To 
study  with  care;  peruse;  learn.  [<  AS.  cunnian,  test, 
try  to  find  out,   <  cunnan,  know.] 

con'2,  vt.  &  vi.  Naut.  To  direct  the  steering  of  (a  vessel) . 
co nil  J. 

con,  n.  &  adv.  The  contrary;  against.  Cp.  pro.  f  <  L. 
contra,  against] 

con-,  prefix.  With;  together:  form  of  com-  before  c,  d,  f, 
g,  i,  j,  n,  q,  s,  t,  w. 

Con.,  abbr.  Consul. — con.,  abbr.  Conclusion,  contra  (L.,  In 
opposition  to),  conversation. 

con  a-mo're,  1  kon  a-mo're;  2  con  a-mo're.  With  love; 
heartily.    [It.] 

con-cat 'e-nate,    1    kon-kat'i-net;    2    eon-cat'e-nat,    vt. 
[-NAT"EDd;  -nat"ing.]    'l'o  join  or  link  together;  connect 
in  a  series.     |  <  con-,  with,   +  L.  catena,  chain.] 
— con-cat 'e-nate,  a.    con-cat"e-na'tlon,  n.   The  act 

of  conealenat  Ing;  &  chain  .like  .series. 

con 'cave,   1   ken'kSv;  2  eon'cav.     I.  a.     Hollow  and 

rounded,  as  I  lie  interior  of  a  sphere  or  circle;  incin  ved; 

opposed  to  convex.    II.  n.    A  concave  Burface;  vaull ,  as 
of  heaven.    (  <  L.  con-  intens.  +  cavus,  hollow.] 

— con-cav'l-iy,  n.    [-ties*,  pi.]    The  slate  of  being  con- 
cave; a  concave  surface;  hollow.    Syn.;  see  hole. 
con-ceal',  1  ken-sll';  2  con-eel',  vt.     To  hide;  Becrete. 

!•'    \,.""rmi-.  alier,    I    (■<■/»,  hide. I    .Syn.:  see  BURT;  HIDE; 

mask:    cm, i, imi;.      con-ceal'a-l»l(<"'.   ".      con-ceal 'inciil. 

n.     I.  The  act  of  concealing,  or  stale  of  being  concealed 
2.  A  bldlng«place, 
con-cede '«  1  kan-std';  2  <■•>"  c6d',  vi     I  i  ro'EDd;  -cbd'- 

iNii  |      1.  To  yield   to  demand;  allow  ;  surrender.     2.  To 

bestow;  grant.    8,  To  acknowledge;  admit.    [<  L  eon- 
cedo,       con  .  together,    i    cedo,  yield  | 
Syn.:  see  icknowledob;  illow;  confess. 
con-celt''',  l  ken-sit';  2  edn-cGt',  vt.   1 1| .  To  imagine;  suppose; 
think,    2J.Tonllwlthaconoell     •'(.  [Dial.]  Totakeafuncy 
to.     4t-  To  form  a  conception  of;  conceive. 


■ 

<  ..inlu.  ( 


.  W  ■■        »'.  Ar:   full.  rOle;   hill,  hflrir. 


II 


I 

-ii.  ■  i  ■  •  1 1  -  <  .  i>  'i-i.li . 

I 

I 

■  ombinc. 

|-  in  \  i  "- 

II.  . .  rui-  to- 

■  I     ( •  ; 

mn-mi'lra- 
ntratlon. 

i- I r  i    i..r. 

II.  ■      A  product  nf 
loo,        i . 

Saving 

i 'uti-ci'ii  'iri-caK.— con- 

•  ••ii    .  •  1 1  - 1  r  I .    I  - 1 1  . 

•  general 
•  enta  into 
■L    (  <  L.  conctptus;  .- 

I ion,  n.    1.  The 
which  is  con- 


-  j. 

■      ;>    tll-.il- 


i  ■ ■ ri  - <  ■ 

i  .11-.  .  ri 


i-r.nr  ■ 

mtafurtuoea,  j 
that  IniMiarm 

It"  akrnlncs  " 

rn  '. 


am; 


en 

- '  i  r  1 1  1 1 » _r . 

1  ..II 

-<  "  rt  '  .    . 

'  '  Tl. 

Kr-ll  'ia. 
uncal  i&Atr 

ptlon  or  a 

trine  inn!  there 

mcl  « Ith  our  gen- 

i  and  realism. — 

ii-.  .  p  lu-al-l),  adr. 

1.  To  relate  or 
'.'.  I  ■) occupy 
:  trouble. 

i  nTEREST: 

iDoerned  about  his  affairs,  at  his 

"i  him  In 

'•  r"  means 

I  am  not  concerned  in 

in  It." 

>■;  affair;  busi- 
•'!.  ■  stablish- 

guish.] 

i  .in-i  erii'lnirt.  - 

incernlng; 

udety;  solicitude.    3. 

•  .  it  relates  to  one; 

.'  out. 
•  .  r(.     To  arrange  in 
.  arrange.] 

i .  \  musical 

- 

unity, 
i,   n.      A 


r'Co,    1    kor,-<her'to  or   -eftl 

2  -to,,  pi)     A  musical 

■■'.••.•:••-■         ..-•■:•..    .;.- 
ptar   the  power*   i 
performer. 

2   eon- 

i 

Syix: 


ronih. 


Concertina. 
■  ■ 

•  shell; 
wn  as  a  horn.  See  lllus.  In 
•  mi  ( lii. |i|,  u.    A  curve  of 


the  (nnrtli  iirt-rie.  Invented  by  II  Nloome- 

fortn  ! 
hoi  del,  a       llnvli 

i  ..ii  .  Ii.ilil  i  iiii-i  hnl  n-i[)  .  1        I  I" 

mud:  i  on-chyl'T-oro-gj ;. 

...ii    .  I1..-I.1K  'l-ral,     11  i  nll-i  holo-nlsi, 

.  ..11-1  In  I    l-ul  ii-»;i    1 

1  ..mil  .  1  ..in  hnl  .  1  onohology 

■  mm  ■  h  1.  ]  .111    pi.)   1. 

I 
line    ..f    the  turbinate    bone*,    thin  shclUllki 

•  lire*  In  the  on  llli-s  Ol  1 1 1 • 

\ b      Ml 

lerije'.    I    I  ..ii'    \  Ar  '.'      2   '..iirh.   «       A 

limit,  i        eon"cler"ge-r1e  1      n     origi- 

niiiiv.  1  he  offlee  uf  a  oonolerge;  porter's  lodge; 
|<  -1  a  prlBon  in  Paris,  where  the  oblei  victims 
ol  the  Terror  were  confined    prior    ii>  execu- 

lloli        ||'    I 

1 1111-1  Ill-ale,  1   knn-sil'i  ■  nT'ii.1; 

.  ]     1 ..  overcome  the  hostility  ..f .  pacify;  soothe; 

tain.  win.      |-      I..    ■■•'Hi  (Hum.  council  I      <<in-cH"l-a '  1 1 

1  nii-rll'i-a-iii-r) ,  a.    Tending  in  conciliate,    con-cir- 
1-.1-1H  e ■•;.     s\ d    see  r».  11  11  . 
eon-dse',  1  ken-sods';  2  efin-cls/,  a     Expressing  muob 

in  l.rief  fiinn;  compact;  terse.     |<    I,,  concido,  mil   nil  ) 

Smi  :  see  tbbsb.    eon-elseljr,  eon-else'nees,  » 

nm-(  rsiiui,  1  ki.n-M','..ii.  2  eon-olsh'on,  «.    I.  A  cutting  «>rr 

1. r  asunder;  schism,  'i.  Conciseness.  :i  .  Circumcision. 
1  mi  'dare,  1  kenld&v  ;  2  cdn'clav,  n,    l.  A  secret  council 

or  society,    'i.  It.  C.  Ch,  The  college  of  cardinals.    3. 

A  private  apartment,  especially  that  in  the  Vatican 

where  the  cardinals  meet  to  choose  B  pope,  |1'\,  <  L. 
conclnrf.  <  con-  (<  CIMI),  With,    I    <-l>nf.s,  key.) 

Syru  see  usxkblt;  cabal;  compant. 
eon-dude',  1  ken-klQd';  2  eon-elud',  ».    I ■  ■  ■ v-  - ■  u  d'i  o1; 

1  rn'iMi.]  I.  t.  1.  To  come  to  a  decision  about; 
determine;  decide;  also,  to  infer;  deduce,  2.  T.i  termi- 
nate; finish ;  settle.    S.  To  shut  in.    II.  1     1.  To  come  to 

an  end  "I.  To  infer.  [  <  L.  con-,  with,  -f  chimin,  shut.] 
Syn.:  see  cease;  effect;  end. 
con-clu'slon,  1  kon-klfi'vn;  2  con-clu'zhon,  n.  1.  the 
act  of  concluding;  termination;  end.  -•  A  conviction 
from  inference.  3.  A  practical  determination;  decision. 
4.  The  closing  part,  as  of  B  discourse  IF.,  <  L.  con- 
cludo.  1  om  1 .1  Dl .  1  Syn.:  see  demonstration;  end;  in- 
;    THOUGHT. 

con-clu'slvle",  1  kon-khVsiv;  2  con-clu'siv,  a.  1.  Deci- 
sr.  ■  ;  putting  an  end  to  doubt.  2.  Leading  to  a  conclu- 
sion; final.    »ly,  adv.    -ness, 

con-coct '■',  1  kon-kokt'.  2  '      1 .  To  prepare  by 

mixing  ingredients;  contrive;  plan;  scheme,    -t.  To  di- 
gest.    3i.  To  sul. lime;  refine.     [<  I>.  con-,  together,   + 
i.iil        lon-eiict  'er,  n.  —  con-ooc'llon.  n.     The  act 
of  concocting,  or  the  thing  concocted;  contrivance;  mixture. 
I'uii-riir'th  '(•",  a. 

con-col 'or-ous,  1  ken-Xul'BT-us;  2  efin-eol'or-us,  a.  Uniform 
In  color;  of  one  color,    con-col'or;;  con-col 'or-ate*,. 

con-roiii'i-tant,  1  ken-kem'i-tent; 2  efin-eSm'i-tant.  I. 
a.  Existing  or  occurring  together;  attendant.  II.  n. 
An  attendant  circumstance.  I<  I.1'1,  con-.,  with,  + 
comes,   companion.)     Syn.:   (adj.)  see  incidkntal; 

■  pfbnbagb;    cracuuBTANCK.  -con-eom'I-tance,    n. 
<on-com'l-tan-cyt.     con-com  'l-tant-ly,  adti. 

con 'cord,  1  korj'kord;  2  con'cord,  n.  1.  I'nity  of  feeling 
orinterest;  agreement;  accord.    2.  Mux.  Harmony.    3. 

drum.  Agreement  of  words,  as  in  gender,  number,  case, 
or  person;  that  part  of  syntax  which  treats  of  this  agree- 
ment. (  <  L.  enncordia,  <  con-,  together,  +  cor,  heart] 
Syn.:  see  habmont. 
Con'cord-,  n.  A  village  In  E.  Massachusetts;  scene  of  the 
battle  In  the  American  Revolution,  April  19,  1775. 

con-eor 'dance,  1  ken-keVdens;  2  efin-eor'danc,  n.    1. 

An  index  of  words  or  topics  in  a  book,  as  the  Bible.  1. 
(  oncord. 

eon-cor'dant,  1  ken-ker'dsnt;  2  c6n-cor'dant,  a.  Exist- 
ing in  concord;  consonant.    -1). 

eon- cot 'da  t,  1  ken-kSr'dat;  2  eon-eOr'dat,  n.  1.  An  agree- 
ment between  the  papal  see  and  a  secular  power.  Z.  Any 
public  act  of  agreement.    [<  L.  concordalus,  pp.  of  concordo, 

(  oii-eur'dl-a,  l  ken-kSrMi-s;  2  eon-eofdi-a,  n.    [i..|  Rom. 

1 !,.   godde  -  of  concord  or  p.  ,  . 
eon-eor'po-rate  ,  l  ken-kSr'po-r6t;  2  eon-edr'po-rat,  tt.  &  vi. 

To  unite  In  one  body  or  substance, 
con  'course,  1  korj'kors;  2  c6n'cors,  n.    1.  An  assembling 

or    moving    together;    confluence.      2.    An    assembly; 

throng     :{.  A  place,  usually  not  enclosed,  where  a  crowd 
■  :'  -      [  <  L.    concursus,  pp.  of  concurro;  see  con- 

COB.]     Syn.:  see  assembly;  company;  throng. 
con.  cr.,  abbr.    Contra  credit. 


1:8=  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    IQ  =  feud;    cfiin;    go;    n  —  eing;   fhin,   this.        Concehr 
179       2:  wolf,  dft;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,  but,  burn;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this.      conduct 


con-crete',  1  ken-krlt';  2  con-cret',  v.  [con-cret'ed11; 
con-cret'ing.]  I.  t.  To  form  into  a  hardened  mass; 
lay  concrete  upon;  supply  with  concrete.  II.  i.  To 
coalesce;  congeal. 

con-crete,  1  kon'krlt;  2  con'eret,  a.  1.  Joined  in  or  con- 
stituting a  mass.  2.  Embodied  in  actual  existence.  3. 
Applied  or  relating  to  a  particular  case;  individual; 
particular.  4.  Made  of  concrete,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. — 
con-cre'tion,».  The  act  of  concreting;  a  concrete  mass. — 
con-cre'tiv(e8,  a.    Tending  to  concretion. 

COU 'Crete,  n.  1.  A  hardened  mass,  as  of  gravel  or  broken 
stone  united  by  hydraulic  cement.  2.  A  concrete  ob- 
ject or  the  conception  of  it.  [  <  L.  concretus,  <  con-, 
together,  +  cresco,  grow.) 

con'cu-bine,  1  kerj'kiu-bain;  2  eon'cu-bln,  n.  A  woman 
who  cohabits  with  a  man  without  marriage;  a  mistress. 
[<  L.  con-,  with,  +  cubo.  lie.) — con-cu'bi-nage,  n. — con- 
cu'bl-nal,  a.     con-cu'bl-na-ryt. 

con-cu'pis-cence,  1  ken-kiu'pi-sens;  2  con-cu'pi-senc,  n. 

1.  Undue  or  illicit  sexual  desire;  lust.  2.  Any  inordinate 
appetite  or  desire.  [F.,  <  L.  con-  intens.  -j-  cupio,  de- 
sire.) Syn.:  see  desire. — con-cu 'pis-cent,  a.  Lustful; 
carnal;  sensual.     con-cu'pis-cI-bi(epl. 

con-cur',  1  ken-kur';  2  con-cur',  vi.  [con-curred',  con- 
curd'8;  con-cur'ring.]  To  come  or  happen  together; 
agree,  as  in  opinion;  coincide;  cooperate;  unite;  com- 
bine.    [  <  L.  concurro,  <  con-,  together,  +  curro,  run.] 

Syn.:  see  agree;  assent. 

— con-cur'rence,  n.  1.  Combination  or  cooperation.  2. 
Agreement;  approval.  3.  A  simultaneous  occurrence;  coin- 
cidence. 4.  Geom.  The  point  where  three  or  more  lines 
meet.  Syn.:see  harmony. — con-cur'rent.  I.  a.  Occur- 
ring or  acting  together;  meeting  in  the  same  point;  coordi- 
nate; concomitant.  II.  n.  1.  A  person  or  thing  that  concurs. 

2.  Scots  Law.  The  assistant  of  a  sheriff's  officer.  Syn.:  see 
incidental.— con-cur'rent-ly,  adv. 

con-cus'sion,  1  ken-kusVan;  2  con-cush'on,  n.  A  vio- 
lent shaking;  shock;  jar.  [<  L.  concussio(n-),  <  con-, 
together,  +  qvatio,  shake.)     Syn.:  see  blow;  collision. 

— eon-cus'siv(e8,  a.  Pertaining  to,  producing,  or  tend- 
ing to  produce  concussion. 

Con"de',  1  ken'de';  2  coh'de',  Prince  de,  "the  Great." 
Louis  II.  de  Bourbon  (1621-1686),  a  French  general. 

con-demn', )  1  ken-dem';  2  con-d8m',  vt.    1.  To  express 

con-dem'8,  )  opinion  against;  hold  or  prove  to  be  wrong; 
censure.  2.  To  pronounce  judicial  sentence  against.  3. 
To  forbid  the  use  of,  commonly  by  official  order,  as 
something  unfit.  4.  To  appropriate  for  public  use  by 
judicial  decree;  declare  forfeited.  5f.  To  fine:  with  in. 
I  <  L.  condemno,  <  con-  intens.  +  damno,  condemn.] 

Syn.:  blame,  censure,  convict,  denounce,  doom,  reprobate, 
reprove,  sentence.  To  condemn  is  to  pass  judicial  sentence 
or  render  judgment  or  decision  against.  Condemn  is  more 
final  than  blame  or  censure;  a  condemned  criminal  has  had  his 
trial;  a  condemned  building  can  not  stand;  a  condemned  ship 
can  not  sail.  A  person  is  convicted  when  his  guilt  is  made 
clearly  manifest  to  others;  in  somewhat  archaic  use,  a  person 
Is  said  to  be  convicted  when  guilt  is  brought  clearly  home  to 
his  own  conscience;  in  legal  usage  one  is  said  to  be  convicted 
only  by  the  verdict  of  a  jury.  To  denounce  Is  to  make  public 
or  official  declaration  against,  especially  in  a  violent  and 
threatening  manner.  "From  the  pulpits  in  the  northern 
States  Burr  was  denounced  as  an  assassin."  Coffin  Build- 
ing the  Nation  ch.  10,  p.  137.  To  doom  is  to  condemn  sol- 
emnly and  consign  to  evil  or  destruction  or  to  predetermine 
to  an  evil  destiny;  an  inferior  race  in  presence  of  a  superior  is 
doomed  to  subjugation  or  extinction.  Compare  arraign; 
blame;  reprove. — Ant.:  absolve,  acquit,  applaud,  approve, 
exonerate,  justify,  pardon,  praise.  —  Prep.:  The  bandit  was 
condemned  to  death  for  his  crime. 

— con-dem 'na-bl(ep,  a.— con"dem-na'tlon,  n.  The 
act  of  condemning,  or  the  state  of  being  condemned.  Syn.: 
see  reproof. — con-dem 'na-to-ry,  a.  Containing  or  ex- 
pressing condemnation. — con-dem  »ed',  pa.  1.  Intended 
for  persons  sentenced  to  death;  as,  the  condemned  cell.  2. 
Prounounced  guilty  or  worthless,  as  a  man  or  a  building. — 
con-demn'er,  n. 

con-dense',  1  ken-dens';  2  con-dens',  v.  [-densed'S 
-denst'9;  -dens'ing.]  I.  t.  To  make  dense;  compress; 
consolidate;  abridge;  epitomize.  II.  i.  To  become  con- 
densed. [  <  L.F  condenso,  <  con-,  together,  +  densuB, 
thick. 1  Syn.:  see  ABBREVIATE;  REDUCE,  con-dens 'a-[or 
-!-]bl(ep,  «.— con"den-sa'tlon,  n.  1.  The  aci  of  making 
dense  or  denser,  or  the  state  of  being  condensed.  'I.  Any 
product  of  condensing.  Syn.:  see  ABBREVIATION.  Compare 
condense.— con-dens 'a-tlv(c8,  a.  Tending  to  condense. 
— con-dens'er,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which  condenses. 
2.  A  device  for  condensing  or  collecting  anything,  as  steam 
or  electricity. 

Con"de-scend  'd,  1  kon"di-send';  2  efm"de-8end',  t>».  1.  To 
be  gracious,  affable,  or  social,  as  with  an  inferior;  deign. 


21".  To  agree.  [  <  F.  condescendre,  <  L.  con-,  together; 
and  see  descend.]— con"de-scen'dence,  n.  1.  Scots  Law. 
A  plaintiff's  statement  of  facts.  2§.  Condescension. — con-" 
de-scend 'lng,  pa.  Showing  condescension;  gracious; 
patronizing.  -Iy,  adv.— con"de-scen'slon,  n.  The  act  of 
condescending;  graciousness  or  courtesy  to  inferiors.  Syn.: 
see  favor. 

con-dign',  1  ken-dain';  2  con-din',  a.  Well  deserved; 
merited;  deservedly  thorough  and  severe,  as  punish- 
ment. [  <  L.F  condignus,  <  con-  intens.  +  dignus,  de- 
serving.]   -Iy,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

con'di-ment,  1  ken'di-ment  or  -mant;  2  con'di-ment,  n. 
A  sauce,  relish,  spice,  etc.     [<  L.  condimentum.] 

con"dis-ci'ple§,  1  ken'di-sai'pl;  2  cdn'di-ci'pl,  n.  A  fellow 
disciple. 

con-di'tion,  1  ken-disTi'an;  2  con-dish'on,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To 
place  a  condition  or  conditions  upon;  limit.  2.  To  be 
the  condition  of;  be  prerequisite  to.  3.  To  specify  as  a 
condition;  require.  4.  [U.  S.]  To  subject  (a  student)  to 
a  test  in  a  certain  study  as  a  prerequisite  to  advance- 
ment.   II.  i.    To  bargain  or  stipulate. 

con-di'tion,  n.  1.  The  state  or  mode  in  which  a  person 
or  thing  exists.  2.  State  of  health;  especially,  a  healthy 
state.  3.  A  modifying  circumstance.  4.  An  event,  fact, 
or  the  like  that  is  necessary  to  the  occurrence  of  some 
other,  thonotits  cause;  a  prerequisite.  5.  Something  re- 
quired as  prerequisite  to  a  promise  or  to  its  fulfilment. 
6.  A  grade  or  rank;  especially,  high  social  position.  7. 
Gram.  That  clause  of  a  conditional  sentence  usually 
introduced  by  if,  unless,  etc.  8.  Logic.  A  conditional 
proposition  upon  which  another  proposition  depends 
as  consequent.  9f.  Disposition;  temper.  [F.,  <  L. 
condicio,  <  con-,  together,  +  dico,  mention.] 
Syn.:  see  cause;  term. 

— con-dl'tion-al,  a.    Expressing  or  imposing  conditions: 
not  absolute. — con-di'tion-al-ly,  adv. — con-di't  ion-ate. 

1.  a.    Subject  to  conditions.    II.  n.    A  contingency. 
con-di'tioned,  1  ken-disTi'and;  2  con-ditsh'ond,  pa.    1. 

Limited  by  or  subjected  to  a  condition,  conditions,  or 

relations.     2.  Circumstanced;  placed. 
con-dole',  1  ken-dol';  2  con-dol',  v.    [-doled';  -dol'ing.] 

I§.  t.    To  grieve  over  with  another.    II.  i.    To  grieve  or 

express  sympathy  with  another.    [<  L.LL  con-,  with,  -+- 

doleo,    grieve.] — con-do'Ience,    n.      con-dole'mcntl. — 

con-dol  'er,  n. 
con"do-mln'i-um,  1  kon'do-min'i-um;  2  c6n"do-mIn'i-um, 

n.    Joint  government.    [<  con- +  L.  dominium,  rule.) 
con-done',  1  ken-don';  2  eon-d5n',  vt.     [-doned';  -don'- 

ing.]    To  treat  as  overlooked  or  forgiven;  forgive.     [< 

L.corc-,  together,  +  dono,  give.)     Syn.:  see  pardon. — con"- 

do-na'tlon,  n.    Forgiveness,    con-done'mentt. 
con 'dor,  1  kon'der;  2  con'dor,  n.    A  large  vulture  of  the 

high  Andes.     [Sp.] 
con"dot-tie're,  1  kan'det-tye're;  2  c6n"dot-tye'- 

re,  n.     [-ri,  1  -rl;   2  -ri,  pi.]     A  hireling  military 

chief  of  the  14thand  15th  centuries.    [It.] 
con-duce',     1     kon-diiis';     2     con-dc . 

[-duced'1;  -duc'ing.]  To  help  or  tend  toward 

a   result;    contribute.      [<  L.p  con-, 

together,   +    duco,    lead.l — con-du'- 

cent§,<z.    Tending;     contributing.— 

con-du'ci-bl(ep,    a.       Conducive. — 

con-du"ci-blI'l-ty,  con-du'ci-bl(e- 

nessp,  n. — con-du'cl-bly,  adv. 
con-du'civ(e8,  1  ken-diu'siv;  2  con- 

du'civ,   a.     Contributing  to  a  re-j 

suit;   leading;    helping. — con-du'- 

clv(e-ly9,    adv.  —  con-du'civ(e- 

ness8,  n. 
con-duct'd,    1    kon-dukt';    2    con- 
duct', v.     I.  t.     1.  To  accompany 

and  show  the  way;    guide;  escort.  Alulc;m  colidor"  «/: 

2.  To  manage;  carry  on;    control; 

also,  to  direct  or  behave  (oneself).  3.  To  transmit, 
as  electricity.  II.  i,  1.  To  serve  .'is  a  conductoi  '!• 
To  direct   or   lead.     8.  To  behave:  act.      Syn.:  see    KEEP; 

lead1,  v.;  regulate.— con-duct'i-bI(ep,  a.  <  Capable  '>r 
being  conducted,      eon-diiH"l-l>ll'l-ty,  >i.      con-duc'- 

tlon,  n.    Transmission    or  conve;  heal,  sound, 

or  electricity.— con-<l lie '(lv(«'M,  a,     I.  Having  the  power  of 

conducting.    2.  Proceeding  hy  or  resiilllng  Horn  conduction. 

— con"duc-tlv'l-ty,  n,  rower  to  conduct,  as  beat  or 
electricity,  con-due 'tance;.  coii-due'lor,  n.  I.  A 
guide;    leader;   manager.     2. [U.S.]     a   railway  offlcei    In 

Charge  Of  a  train  or  car,     .1.  A  hoik  b&Vlng  eo  1 1, 1 1  nil  mi:  iiower, 

as  a  light  nine.. rod.    con-duc'tress,  rt. /em. 
con 'duct,  1  ken'dukl ;  2  eon'dfict,  n     I.  One's  oourse  ot 

action;  behavior.  2.  The  aCl  Of  managing;  direction; 
control;  skilful  management,    3.  The  action  of  leading; 


MffiM 


■ot,  Ar;  full.  rOle;   but,  bOrn; 
i      i      .    !-«•;   I-  0;  go,  n6t,  Or,  nOu,        I  Ml 


A 


I 


■*»»—. 


*  r^  i 


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P 


•ulatlng  Speed. 


■  II     - 

■  .      -  .Ut.r.f  Un  ,|*.r  I 

1 

ire  prepared;   :i 

-'• 

i  .in-fi  i    (I.. ii-.  r-> ,   .. 

.'■ 

I  • 


r..ii-f 


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.  ..ii-f,  d 


r..n 


1.  p 

III 

■  ..II- 

III, 

Southern 

I 

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i  <  I.. 

rii..ii.         1 

II. 

<  on"- 
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I 


t  ..III.  I   I  I.  I 

■        I  !.lllt    .if 

.  ..ii  irr'mi.    1.  .1     (ir.n  pertaining  to 

I  '     I 1-  II  mil  I  \  :i        Cllll- 

r.  r  ,  1  ni  allied  l>  the  sqi 

.  '        Formal  .  on-f»  r'vold, 

1    .Mil.    I       \..||-. 

ron  -f e  an '  1 1 

I       I.    .'         1.    TO   Bl I. now  I- 

n n.  admit,  ni  ■  fault     'i. 
:t.   1     demon- 
1.1  Ive  the 

II.        |.l         dec  acknow  lodgmi  nt 
'.'.  1 
■ 
•  pt,  acknowledge,  admit,  allow,  avow,  oerttfy, 
granl .  ov»  n,  rccognlx      We  u,'<  1  /•/ 
tatement;  admit  any   point   made  against  us; 

what  we  bavc  *.iiii  or  dour,  g 1  or  bad;  mow 

,,ur  Indli  iduaJ  beliefs  or  reellnga;  ctrtt/u  to  fact*  within  our 

know  our  own  faults,  endont  a  friend's  note  or 

lent;  grant  a  request;  own  <»nr  faults  nr  obllg 

lawful  authority;  concede  a  claim,  demand,  etc 
s  iikii  and  sacred,  tin'  somewhat  areni 
in  the  religious  sense;  as,  to  confi     Christ  before  men.    it 
a   oa  playful  sense  (often  \wtii  to);  a-s,  oni 
.  ..nfi  .ti, mery.    The  chief  p 
•  the  word,  however,  is  in  tin-  mum  •  of  muting  known  to 

others i's  own  error  or  wrong*di  a  crime. 

may  1  1  this  si  ose;  as, 

■  my  mistake;  1  acknowledgi  that  the  act  was 
risible.    Bui  acknowledgi  is  tree!)  u  ed  of  matters  not 
Involving  error  or  fault;  1  actnot  mature;  1  act- 

.   friend's  kindness,  the  receipt  of  a  letter,  a  check, 
more  Informal  than  acknowledge  and  milder  than 
Own  commonly  Indicates  a  somewhat   reluctant 
m  ledgment.    Admit  and  1 
tii.n  uf  reluctance  or  of  possible  objection.    Bee  .1  knowit 
ivow.     Compare  apology.     Ant.:  cloak,  conceal, 
deny,  disavow,  disguise,  disown,  dissemble,  dissimu- 
late, bide,  mask,  repudiate,  screen,  Becrete,  veil. 

eon-fess'ed-lj ,  fnir.    Bj  confession;  In- 

disputably.— eon-ies'slon,  pi.    1.  The  art  uf  confi 
avowal;  acknowledgment,    2.  That  which  is  confi 
creed.     Syn.:  Bee  apology.-  auricular  confession,  the 
rwledgmenl  of  sins  1..  a  priest, In  order  to  receive  abso- 
lution,   sacramental  confession^,    con-fes'slon-al.    I. 
a.    Pertaining  to  a  confession.    II.  n.  B.  C.  Ch.  A  1 
cabinet  for  bearing  confessions.—  con-fes'slon-a-ry,  a.  &  n. 
Confessional,  -con-feas'oti  n.    1.  One  who  confesses  his 
faith  In  Christianity,  especially  In  the  face  of  persecution. 

'1.    /.'.  C.  Ch.   A  priest  who  hears  confessions;  a  spiritual  ad- 
Con-fess'ert.. 
con-fct 'tl,  1  kon-fefU;  2  <oti-fct'tI,  n.  pi.    ftnnbons  or  small 
of  brightly  colored  panet  thrown  by  revelers  at  carni- 
vals, etc.    (it.) 
tun 'tl-ilunt ',  1  kon"fi-dant';  2  con"fi-<kuit',  n.     A  person 
to  whom  secrets  are  entrusted.    [F.]    con-fl'dentt. — 
ciui"lt-<lante',  n.  fun. 
COn-ltde')  1  ken-faid';  2  c8n-fld',  v.     [con-fii/km1;  CON- 
Mti'iN.;]    1. 1 .    To  reveal  in  trust  or  confidence;  intrust 
II.         To  repose  confidence  (in).     [<   L.  con-, 
with,  +  fldo,  trust.)    Syn.:  Bee  1  ommit;  lean';  tbubt. 

con-tiil 'log,   pa.     Unsuspicious;    trustful,     -ly,   adv. 

-lie,*,      ,| 

BOD  'li-ileiicc,  1  knn'fi-dens;  2  con'fi-clene,  n.    1.  Trust  in 

or  reliance  upon  another;  belief  in  a  person  or  thing.    2. 

ranee;  Belf«relianee.     3.  Private  conversation  or 

communication;  a  secret.    4  '.  That  in  which  one  con- 

■ --ruwi  k:   nn.in  .  CERTAINTY;  FAITH. 

— con'fl-dent,  a.     Having  confidence;  assured;  Belf«re- 
llant.    Synj  see  sa  hi.:  si  BS.     con"fi-den'- 

ti.ii.  a.    1.  Having  private  relations  with  another;  trusted; 
Intimate.    2.  Given  In  confidence;  secret.    3.    Dlsposi 
confide    In    another. —  con"n-den'tlal-ly,    adv. —  con'fl- 
ilent-ly,  adv. 

eon-flg  'iir-atcS',  1  kun-flg'yur-et:  2  eoh-flg'yur-ftt, ».    I.  l. 
i  o  give  shape  or  fashion  to     II.  i.    To  be  congruous. 

r.,ii-tit;"ur-a'tion,  1  Icen-fig'yur-S'shen;  2  e5n-flig*yur- 
m,  n.    Structural  arrangement;  conformation;  eon- 
tour.    [<  L.  con-,  together,  +  figwo,  figure.] 

eon-flg'nrel,  ]  ken-flg'yur;  2  eon-flg'yur,  vt.    To  fashion 
after  a  model;  give  form  or  shape  to;  dispose  In  a  figure  or 

eon-fine',  1  ken-fain';  2  con-fin',  vt.  [con-ftnid';  con- 
ns'i-.o  )  To  Bhul  up,  as  within  an  enclosure;  imprison; 
limit;  restrict.  I-'  I.'  confinic,  adjoining,  <  con-,  to- 
-.  +  finis,  limit.)  Syn.:  see  cmcroifsCBIBB;  limit; 
to  be  confined,  to  be  brought  to  childbed.— 
eon-fin  'a-bl(e*f  a.  eon 'fine,  n.  I.  a  boundary;  limit; 
border;  frontier:  usually  plural.  2t.  A  condition  of  confine- 
ment.    3t.  A  prison.     Synj  see  boundaby;  mahoin.— con- 


1: 3  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Ifl  =  fewd;    cliin;    go;    Q^eing;    thin,  this.       Conduit 
181        2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  CODgO 


flne'less§,  a.     Unbounded;  boundless.  —  con-flne'ment, 

re.     1.  The  state  of  being  confined;  imprisonment.     2.  Ac- 
couchement. 

con-firm',  1  ken-form';  2  con-firm',  vt.  1.  To  assure  by 
added  proof;  corroborate;  verify;  make  certain.  2.  To 
add  firmness  to;  strengthen.  3.  Law.  To  ratify;  sanc- 
tion. 4.  Eccl.  To  establish  in  office;  receive  into  the 
church  by  confirmation.  [  <  L.  confirmo,  <  con-,  to- 
gether, +  firmus,  firm.) 

Syn.:  assure,  corroborate,  establish,  fix,  prove,  ratify,  sanc- 
tion, settle,  strengthen,  substantiate,  sustain,  uphold.  Con- 
firm is  to  add  firmness  or  give  stability  to.  Both  confirm  and 
corroborate  presuppose  something  already  existing  to  which 
the  confirmation  or  corroboration  is  added.  Testimony  is 
corroborated  by  concurrent  testimony  or  by  circumstances; 
confirmed  by  established  facts.  That  which  is  thoroughly 
proved  is  said  to  be  established;  so  is  that  which  is  official  and 
has  adequate  power  behind  it;  as,  the  established  govern- 
ment; the  established  church.  The  continents  are  fixed.  A 
treaty  is  ratified;  an  appointment  confirmed.  An  act  is 
sanctioned  by  any  person  or  authority  that  passes  upon  it 
approvingly.  A  statement  is  substantiated;  a  report  con- 
firmed; a  controversy  settled;  the  decision  of  a  lower  court 
sustained  by  a  higher.  Just  government  should  be  upheld. 
See  ratify. — Ant.:  abrogate,  annul,  cancel,  destroy,  over- 
throw, shake,  shatter,  unsettle,  upset,  weaken. — Prep.:  Con- 
firm a  statement  by  testimony;  confirm  a  person  in  a  belief. 
— con-firm 'a-bl(eP,  a.— con"fir-ma'tion,  re.  1.  The 
act  of  confirming.  2.  That  which  confirms;  proof.  3.  The 
rite  of  full  induction  into  the  Roman  Catholic,  Anglican,  and 
certain  other  churches.  Syn.:  see  proof.  —  con-firm  'a- 
tiv(e8,  a.  Tending  to  confirm;  confirmatory. — con-firm '- 
a-to-ry,  a.  Helping  to  confirm  or  establish. — con- 
firm(e)d's,  pa.  Fixed;  established;  inveterate;  as,  a  con- 
firmed drunkard. — con-firm 'er,  n. 

con'fis-cate,  1  ken'fis-ket;  2  con'fis-cat,  vt.  [-CAT"EDd; 
-cat"ing.]  Law.  To  appropriate  as  forfeited  to  the  pub- 
lic use  or  treasury.  [  <  L.  con-,  together,  +  fiscus, 
purse.] — con-fis  'ca-bl  (ep,  a.  Liable  to  confiscation,  con"- 
fls-cat'a-bKePJ.— con'fis-cate,  a.  Confiscated  or  for- 
feited.—con"fis-ca'tion,  n. — con'fls-ca"tor,  re.— con- 
fis  'ca-to-ry,  a. 

con'fi-ture,  1  kon'fi-cliur  or  -tiur;  2  c6n'fi-chur  or  -tur,  n.  1. 
A  confection.  2t.  A  composition;  preparation  of  drugs.   [F.] 

con"fla-gra'tion,  1  ken"fla-gre'snan;  2  c6n"fla-gra'shon, 
n.  A  great  or  extensive  fire.  [  <  L.  con-,  together,  + 
fiagro,  burn.] — con-fla 'grant,  a. 

Con-fllct'd,  1  kon-flikt';  2  con-flict,  vi.  To  come  into 
collision;  be  in  mutual  opposition;  clash;  contend.  [< 
L.  con-,  together,  +  fligo,  strike.] — con-flic'tion§,  n. — con- 
flic'tlv(es,  a. 

con  'flict,  1  kon'f  liki;  2  con'flict,  n.    A  contest  of  opposing 
persons,  forces,  or  powers;  strife;  antagonism;  battle. 
Syn.:  see  battle;  collision. 

con  'flu-en t,  1  kon'f  lu-ent;  2  con'flu-ent.  I.  a.  Flowing 
together  so  as  to  form  one;  blended  into  one.  II.  re. 
A  fork  or  branch  of  a  river.  [  <  L.  con-,  together,  + 
fiuo,  flow.] — con'flu-ence,  re.  A  junction  of  streams;  a 
gathering  and  mingling;  uniting;  union,    con'fluxf. 

con-form',  1  kon-form';  2  con-form',  v.  I.  t.  To  make 
like  in  form:  with  to.  II.  i.  To  act  in  accord;  corre- 
spond; comply.  [<  L.  con-,  together,  -f-  forma,  form.] 
Syn.:  see  adapt. 

— con-form"a-bll'i-ly,  re. — con-form 'a-bl(e>',  a.  Ex- 
isting or  occurring  in  conformity;  correspondent ;  consistent; 
compliant;  obedient,  -ness,  «.-  run-form 'a-bly,  adv. — 
con'Tur-ma'tiun,  n.  General  structure,  form,  or  outline; 
arrangement  of  parts. — con-form'lst,  re.  fine  who  con- 
forms, as  to  an  established  church,  con-form 'crt. — con- 
form 'I-ty,  n.  Correspondence  in  form,  manner,  or  use; 
agreement:  acquiescence.     Syn.:  sec  harmony. 

con-found 'd,  1  kon-faund';  2  con-found',  vt.  1.  To  strike 
with  confusion  or  amazement;  perplex;  overwhelm; 
abash.  2.  To  confuse  with  something  else;  mix.  3.  To 
confuse  or  mingle  (elements,  things,  or  ideas)  indis- 
tinguishably.  4.  [Colloq.]  To  imprecate  ill  upon:  used 
as  a  mild  oath.  5||.  To  waste.  6||.  To  defeat;  over- 
throw. [<  L.  confundo,  <  con-,  together,  +  /undo, 
pour.)     Syn.:  see  abash;  perplex;  refute. 

— con-found 'cri,  pa.  [Colloq. |  Kxccrable;  huge;  outra- 
geous: used  as  a  mild  curse.— con-found 'cd-l> ,  adv. 

Con"fra-tcr'ni-ty,  1  kon"fr;>-tf)r'ni-ti;  2  c6n"fra-ter'ni- 
ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi]  An  association;  brotherhood.  [< 
L.  con-,  together,   4-  /rater,  brother.] 

con"frere',  1  kdfTfrar';  2  cofTfrer',  re.    A  colleague.     [F.| 

con-front'd,  \  1  kon-frunt';  2  con-front',  vt.    1.  To  stand 

con-frunt'p,  J  face  to  face  with;  face  defiantly.  2.  To 
put  face  to  face:  with  with;  as,  to  confront  the  accused 
with  the  witnesses  against  him.  3§.  To  compare.  [  < 
L.F  core-,  together,  +  frons  (front-),  forehead.) 

Syn.:  see  abide;  oppose.— con"frnn-ta'tlun,  n.  con- 
front'mentj. 


Con-fu'clus,  1  ken-fiu'sTius;  2  con-fu'shus,  re.  A  Chinese 
sage  (551-478  B.  C);  founder  of  Con-fu 'clan-Ism,  an  eth- 
ical system  based  on  moral  relation  and  ancestor=worship. — 
Con-fu'clan-ist,  re. 

con-fuse',  1  kon-fiuz';  2  con-ftis/,  v.  [con-fused';  con- 
fus'ing.]  1. 1.  1.  To  perplex;  bewilder;  abash;  discon- 
cert. 2.  To  mix  indiscriminately;  disorder;  derange. 
3f.  To  undo;  ruin.  II§.  i.  To  become  mingled  or  indis- 
tinguishable. [  <  L.  confusus,  pp.  of  confundo,  con- 
found.] 

Syn.:  see  abash;  displace;  embarrass;  mix;  perplex. 
— con-fus'ed-ly,     adv.       con-fuse'lyt. — con-fus'ed- 
ness,  re. — con-fu'sion,  re.     The  act  of  confusing,  or  the 
state  of  being  confused;  perplexity;  distraction;  embarrass- 
ment; shame.    Syn.:  see  chagrin;  disorder;  perplexity; 

TUMULT. 

con-fute',  1  ken-fiut';  2  con-fut',  vt.  [coN-FUT'EDd;  con- 
futing.] 1.  To  prove  to  be  false  or  invalid;  refute  suc- 
cessfully. 2.  To  prove  (a  person)  to  be  in  the  wrong. 
3||.  To  confound.  [<  L.  confuto,  <  con-,  together,  + 
futo,  pour.]  Syn.:  see  refute. — con"fu-ta'tlon,  n.  The 
act  of  confuting;  disproof. — con-fut'er,  n. 

Cong.,  abbr.  Congius  (L.,  gallon),  Congregation,  Congrega- 
tional, Congregationalist,  Congress,  Congressional. 

Con"ge',  1  ken"3e';  2  con"zhe',  n.  1.  Leave=taking;  part- 
ing. 2.  Dismissal.  3  .  A  polite  or  formal  bow.  [F.] 
con"gee't.     Syn.:  see  farewell. 

con-geal',  1  kon-jll';  2  con-gel',  vt.  &  vi.  To  convert  or  be 
converted  from  a  fluid  to  a  solid  condition;  coagulate; 
stiffen;  harden;  freeze.  [<  L.  con-,  together,  +  gelo, 
freeze,  <  gelu,  cold.]— con-geal 'a-bl(ep,  a.  con-ge'la- 
blet. — con-geal 'ment,  n. — con"ge-la't!on,  n.  A  con- 
gealing; clot;  concretion. 

con-gee',  1  ken-ji';  2  c6n-ge'.  I.  vi.  [con-geed';  con-gee'- 
ing.]  To  make  a  bow  or  obeisance.  II.  n.  Conge.  [< 
conge.] 

con'ge-ner,  1  ken'ji-nar;  2  con'ge-ner,  n.  A  member  of 
the  same  genus  or  kind  with  another.  [L.,  <  con-,  to- 
gether, +  genus,  race.) — con"ge-ner'ic,  a.  con"ge-ner'I- 
calt ;  con-gen 'er-ous  J. — con"ge-net'ic,  a.  Alike  in  origin. 

con-ge'nial,  1  kon-jln'yal;  2  con-gen'yal,  a.  1.  Having 
similar  character  or  tastes;  sympathetic.  2.  Suited  to 
one's  disposition;  agreeable.  [<  con-  +  genial] 
Syn.:  see  delightful.— con-ge"nl-al'l-ty,  n—  con-ge'- 
nial-Iy,  adv. 

con-gen 'i-tal,  1  ken-jen'i-tal;  2  con-gSn'i-tal,  a.  Born 
with  one;  existing  from  birth.  [<  L.  con-,  together,  + 
gigno,  bear.]     Syn.:  see  inherent1— con-gen 'l-tal-ly,  adv. 

con 'ger seel",  1  kon'garal";  2  c6n'ger=el",  re.  A  marine  eel 
from  4  to  10  feet  long,    con'gerf ;  eel'=pout"t;  eve'=ecl"t. 

con-ge'rl-es,  1  kon-ji'n-Iz;  2  con-ge'ri-eg,  n.  sing.  &  pi.  A  col- 
lection; assemblage;  aggregation.  [L.,  <  congero;  see  con- 
gest.) 

COn-gest'd,  1  ken-jest';  2  con-gest',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  col- 
lect or  crowd  together.  2.  Med.  To  surcharge  an  organ 
or  member  with  blood.  3t- To  collect;  accumulate.  II. 
i.  To  become  congested.  [  <  L.  congestus,  pp.,  <  con-, 
together,  +  gero,  carry.] — con-gest'ed,  a.  —  con-ges'tion. 
v.  An  excessive  accumulation,  as  of  blood  in  the  blood-ves- 
sels, or  of  population,  etc.;  overcrowded  condition.— con- 
ges'tly(e9,  a.  Pertaining  to,  characterized  by,  or  indicative 
of  congeal  Ion. 

con'glo-bate,  1  ken'gIo-b6t  or  ken-glo'bGt;  2  eon'glo-bSt  or 
eon-glo'bat.  I.  Vt.  &  ri.  [-BAT*ED«;  -bat"ing.]  To  gather 
or  form  into  a  globe,  con-globe'):.  II.  a.  Globular.  [< 
i,.  conglobatus,  pp.,  <  cum,  together,  +  globus,  ball.]  con- 
glob'u-latet.  —  con"glo-b:i'tlon,  re.  I.  The  act  of  con- 
globating,   a.  A  spherical  body  or  formation. 

coii-glom'or-ate,  1  kon-glom'ar-it;  2  con-gldm'er-at.  I. 
vt.  &  vi.  [-AT"Ei>d;  -at"inc]  To  gather  into  a  cohering 
mass.  II.  a.  Massed  or  clustered;  consisting  of  loosely 
cemented  heterogeneous  material.  III.  re.  A  heterogene- 
ous collection;  a.  rock  composed  of  pebbles  or  fragments 
of  rock  loosely  ccmoiilcd  together.  |  <  L.  COn-,  together, 
+  glomus,  ball.]  Syn.:  (adjective)  sec  COMPLEX,  iintkho- 
oeneous.— coii-glum"cr-a'tlun,  re.  1.  A  conglomerated 
mass.  'i.  The  act  of  conglomerating.— coii-gIom"cr-al.'ic, 
a.     con-glom'Vr-lt  'ic  I. 

con-glu'tl-iiiitc,  1  ken-glfl'ti-nei .  2  eon-glu'tl-nttt,  v.  [-nat"- 
kd'I;  -nat"inc.|  I.  /.  To  nine  togel her;  reunite  (wounds  or 
fractures).  II.  i.  To  stick  together;  adhere.  [<  I.,  con- 
glutinatvs,  pp  of  conglutino,  <  am-  (■  cum),  together,  I 
gluten,  glue.]  con-glu'tl-nantt.  I.  a.  Causing  to  stick 
together;  gluing;  healing.  II.  re.  An  application  tor  wounds, 
healing  bj  adhesion,  con-glu'tl-nate,  re.  I.  Qlued  to- 
gether; united  by  adhesion  'I-  Bot  United  as  If  glued  to- 
gether, inn  not  organically.  con-glu"tl-na'tlon,  n.— 
coii-glii'tl-iia-llv(eK,  re.  Tending  to  conglutlnate.  -con- 
glu 'tl-na"(or,  //.  a  medical  agenl  that  congiutlnatcH.  - 
con-glu'tl-nous,  a,  <  iau  ilng  adhesion;  giuc-iikc;  tena- 
cious     ron-glu'll-iioiis-ly,  a, iv 

coti'go1,  1  koo'go;  2  cOo'go,  re.    1.  [Local,  U.  84  An  ccl-llke 


I 


,    .      .         «  ,        .  ,,,,,,  .o     not.  Or;   full.  rOle.   but.  burn; 

it       i  i         id  not.  in,  won,      1H« 


.- 


i 


iii  lion,        i 

kr.it    ii-li-t.-ri  . 


Ilecl  ] 

l-al-Nni. 

i  on'  *r.  -fa  tlon-al-lst, 

1.      \V      :--■    ■ 

congress  boot 

(  .iii-uri>'-liiii- 
•    l"iitte<l 

i  •    • 

-•ii  m, 

ilarly  of 

Wllll.un  7J9).   An 

Having 
appro- 

t  'hi  kmi-'  ii<  .  .  i  mi  'icru- 

Harmoni- 


a  cctc  forme:  •  rt  ion  of 

-. 
•mpse.  [*•*»' 

- 

:«--»tf,;i.  and 

-    'i 


■  ions. 
■    4.  euipM.   6. 

+■  /fro, 
Having 


-Inliii '.  ted; conjoined     -ly, 'i</r 

|u-cal,  1  ken'ju  gel  J,  a      Pertaining  •  >> 

I 
i   . 
I. 


,,,nl  .  .  oi    ligation  conjunction  conjunctive 

<  •>n-|,  ■    i  iirr.  1  I  i     ftui         tiui  I  'ii  or 

i  d:    1 1  i>  in'.  I     l  "  fudge  from 

ii  I.  An  in- 

'.'■ 
i   .    i  'i\  inaiion;   prediction       i        I 
tin    >  :    • 

iiiuimi    QUEBit;  in  i -Iir'lur- 

j-i.i  .  .  "m-|i  ,   lur-al,  .i     Of  the  nature  of  or  di 

•    i  in  i  i       rnn-jrc'tiir- 
al-l)  .  '  "ii-|'  i    lur-.  r. 

rou-Jola'f  l  ken  j"in';  :.'  eon-join',  >•'  d  !'■■  j"m  to- 

i  onneel .  unite     I  ■    I   '  ■  ■■■•  .  i"i-'  ther, 

loin  I      Syn  :   ...    imii 
< ihi-I 
MS  '. 

connubial ; matrimonial     I-    I.  conjugal*!,  < 

.  r.  i  jungo.  Join.]    con'Ju-gal-1   . 

i  ..ii  lii-u-iii-.  1  ken'ju-gfltj  2  eon'ju-ft&t      I.  rt.     I  oat*- 

|     ro  give  m  order  the  inflection  ■ 

ll. 'i     1.  Joined  in  pain;  coupled;  paired     -. 

Eleciprocally related; in terchanj    ibli     -'t.  Chtm 

ining  two  or  mors  radicals  acting  aa  one.    MO'* 

ju-Kat "cil ;.     111.  n,     A  word  closely  related  to,  sad 

\  ..f  kindred  manning  with,  another  or  others.  (  < 

oke  together,  •    eon-,  together,  t  fufum 

•  .oi  |n-i{;t 'linn,  n     I.  i  onjunol union     8.  Oram. 

•  inflection  "f  ■  verb,  or  the  ad  "f  srpresslng  luon  In- 
iiir  statement  "f  the  principal  parts  of  ■  verb, 
of  verbs  similarly  Inflected,  or  the  mode  "(  in- 
flection,   t.  Biol,  a  union  or  fusion  of  two  or  more  ceils  or 
Individuals  for  reproduction. 
i  "ti-inm-'tlon,  l  ken-junk'shen;  2  eon-i&ne'shon.  rt,    1. 
i  together;  combination;  league. 
\  |..iri  "i  speech  that  connects  words,  clauses, 
and  sentences.     3.  Aatron.  The  Dean  ri   apparent   ap- 
proach oi  two  heavenly  bodies  to  each  other,    (<  L. 
•cllo,  <  con-,  together,  •+•  Jungo,  Join.)   Sim.:  sec  asso- 
i  i  uwv;  UNION. 

coordinate  conjunction,  :i  conjunction,  as  and,  but, 
Ich  Joins  coordinate  clauses  In  compound  sentences. — 
Mibordlnate  c,  a  conjunction,  jus  as,  If,  tho,  Which  Joins 
dinate  elans**  In  complex  sentences,    con-junct',  a. 
joined  together;  conjoined.— con-juncl'ly,  a<fp. 
con"Junc-tl'va,  1  ken"Junk-tal'vs;2  eon'JOne-tr'va, n,  [-v.«, 
1  -vl;  2  -vC,  pi.)    Anal.    The  mucous  membrane  lining  the 
and  covering  tne  anterior  part  of  the  eyeball. 
coii-juiic'tlvic8, 1  kon-jurjk'tiv;2  c&n-junc'tiv.    I.  <j.    1. 
ig;  connective,     2.  Joined  together.     II.  ».     1. 
The  subjunctive  mode.     2.   Malic.  A   function, 
universally  vanishing  when  certain  other  functions  van- 
-ly,  adv. 
nni-Junc"tl-vl'tls,  1  kon-junk"ti-vai'tis  or  -vl'tis;  2  c6n- 
junc'ti-vl'tis  or  -vi'tis,  n.     Inflammation  of  the  con- 
junctiva; ophthalmia. 
I'on-Junc'turi',   1   kon-junk'criur  or  -tiur;  2  eoh-june'- 
chur  or  -tur,   n.      1.   A  combination  of  circumst 
juncture;  crisis.     2.  The  art  of  joining;  union. 

con"Ju-ra'tlon,  1  ken'ju-nVshen;2  eon''ju-ra/shon,  n.  1. 

run  invocation;  adjuration.     2.  An  enchantment; 
incantation;  spell, 
con 'Jure1,  1  kun'jor;  2  con'jur,  v.    [con'jured;  rtiN'jnn- 
im;  )    I.i.    1.  To  effect  by  magic.    2.  To  summon,  drive 
away,  or  control  by  magic  art.   II.  i.   To  practise  magic. 
■  ini'Jur-tT1,  n.    A  juggler. 
con-Jurc's  1  kon-jur';  2  eon-jur',  v.    [con-J0red';  con- 
jrii'iN',  ]     I.  t.     To  call  on  in  the  name  of  God  or  of 
i;  appeal  to  solemnly;  adjure.     II.  i. 
I '•.  bind  ones.  If  by  oath  taken  with  others.    [<L     on-, 
ther,  +  juro,  swear.)     Syn.:  see  pray.— con-Jur'cr»}, 
■  on-jur'orj. 
conii.-   A:  n.  Xaut.  SameascoN. 

<  linn..  <:hbr.    Connecticut  (official). 

con-nate',  1  ko-net';  2  c6-nat',  a.    1.  Born  in  and  with 

mnatc;  congenital.    2.  Born  or  existing  together  or 

with  another;  cognate.    3.   Bol.  Congenitally  united,  as 

4.  Zool.   Immovably    united,    as    elytra   and 

bones.    [  <  L.LL  con-,  together,  +  nascor,  be  born.] 

con-nat'u-ral,  1  ko-nac"h'u-[or  -nat'yu-)ral;  2  co-nach'u-[or 

-nat'yu-)ral.  a.     1.  Innate;  congenital;  Inborn.     2.  Allied; 

cognate.     ( <    L.  con-,  with,   +   naturalls,  natural.)     co- 

nat'u-ralt. 

fon 'naught,  1  kon'ot;2  eon'at,  n.    A  province  of  W.  Ireland; 

6.867  sq.  m.;  pop.  610.984. 

con-nect'1, 1  ko-nekt';  2  c6-nSet',  vl.  &  vi.    To  join,  unite, 

.      i'   or  be  associated.    [<  L.  con-,  to- 

blnd.]    Syn.:  see  attribute;  unite. 

con-nect'ed-ly,  adv.    Jointly;  coherently.— con-nec'- 

tlon,  n.    1.  The  act  or  means  of  connecting  or  the  state  of 

being  connected;  union;  combination.    2.  Family  relation- 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  o«t;    oil;    10  =  feud;    cllin;    go;    X)  =  aing;   thin,   this. 
183      2:  wolf,  d«;   book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,   bum;  oil,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


Congo 
conserve 


ship;  a  relative.  3.  A  company;  denomination.  4.  A  direct 
transfer  from  one  route  to  another,  as  in  railway  service. 
con-nex'iont.  Syn.:  see  association;  kinsman.  —  con- 
nec'tivte8,  a.  Capable  of  connecting,  or  serving  to  con- 
nect; causing  or  involving  connection. — connective  tissue 
(Anat.),  the  fibrous  tissue  that  pervades  the  whole  body  and 
serves  to  unite  and  support  the  various  parts. — con-nec'- 
tiv(e-ly8,  adv.— con-nec'tor,  n.  A  person  or  thing  that 
connects. 

Con-nect'i-cut,  1  ke-net'i-kut;  2  cS-net'i-cut,  n.  1.  A  N.  E. 
State  (4,820  sq.  m.;  pop.  1,115,000)  of  the  United  States; 
capital,  Hartford.  2.  A  river  flowing  between  Vermont  and 
New  Hampshire,  and  through  Massachusetts  and  Connect- 
icut; 450  m.  to  Long  Island  Sound. 

con'ner1, 1  ken'ar;  2  con'er,  n.    An  inspector;  a  tester. 

con'ner2,  1  ken'ar  or  kun'ar;  2  con'er  or  con'er,  n.  One  who 
directs  the  steering  of  a  ship  from  some  point  of  observation. 

con'ner^,  1  kun'ar;  2  con'er,  n.  1.  A  labroid  European  fish. 
gilt'headl.    2.  An  American  fish,  the  cunner. 

con'nex,  1  ken'eks;  2  cCn'eks,  n.  Math.  A  combination  of 
points  and  lines  forming  a  subject  of  geometrical  reasoning. 
[<  L.  connexus,  pp.  of  connecto,  connect.] 

con-nex'ion,  n.     Same  as  connection. 

con-nip'tion,  1  ke-nip'Shan;  2  co-nip'shon,  n.  [Local,  U.  S.] 
Hysteria;  any  fit,  as  of  rage. 

con-nive',  1  ke-naiv';  2  eo-niv',  vi.  [-nived';  -niv'ing.] 
1.  To  encourage  or  assent  to  a  wrong  by  silence  or 
feigned  ignorance :  followed  by  at.  2.  To  be  in  collusion : 
followed  by  with.  3f.  To  wink.  [  <  L.  con-,  together, 
+  nicto,  wink.) — con-nl'vance,  n. — con-nl'vent,  a.  1. 
Biol.  Converging,  as  stamens  or  wings.  2§.  Conniving. — 
con-niv'er,  n. 

con"nois-seur',  1  ken"i-sur';  2  con"i-sur',  n.  A  com- 
petent critical  judge  of  art.    [F] 

con-note',  1  ke-not';  2  c6-not',  v.  To  indicate  or  Imply  along 
with  objects  denoted;  mention  by  implication.  [<  LL.  con- 
noto,  <  con-,  and  see  note.)  con'no-tate;. — con"no-ta'- 
tion,  n.— con-no 'ta-tiv(e8,  a.   -ly,  adv. 

con-nu'bi-al,  1  ke-niu'bi-al;  2  eo-nu'bi-al,  a.  Pertaining 
to  matrimony;  relating  to  husband  or  wife;  matrimo- 
nial; conjugal;  nuptial.  [<  L.  con-,  together,  -f-  nubo, 
marry.]— con-nu"bl-al'l-ty,   n. — con-nu'bi-al-ly,  adv. 

co'noid,  1  ko'neid;  2  co'nSid.  I.  a.  Cone=shaped;  coni- 
cal. II.  n.  Something  having  the  form  of  a  cone. — co- 
nol'dal,  a.    Like  a  conoid;  almost  conical,    co-noi'dicl. 

con'quer,  1  ken'kar;  2  con'ker,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  overcome 
by  force,  as  in  war,  or  in  mental  or  moral  conflict;  sub- 
due; vanquish.  2.  To  obtain  in  war,  or  by  any  conflict 
or  struggle.  II.  i.  To  be  victorious.  [<  L.  con-,  to- 
gether, +  qusero,  seek.] 

Syn.:  beat,  checkmate,  crush,  defeat,  discomfit,  down, 
humble,  master,  overcome,  overmaster,  overmatch,  over- 
power, overthrow,  prevail  over,  put  down,  reduce,  rout, 
subdue,  subject,  subjugate,  surmount,  vanquish,  win,  worst. 
To  defeat  an  enemy  Is  to  gain  the  advantage  in  a  single  ac- 
tion; to  vanquish  is  to  win  a  signal  victory;  to  conquer  is  to 
overcome  so  effectually  that  the  victory  is  regarded  as  final. 
Conquer,  in  many  cases,  carries  the  idea  of  possession;  as,  to 
conquer  respect,  affection,  peace,  etc.  A  country  is  conquered 
when  its  armies  are  defeated  and  its  territory  is  occupied  by 
the  enemy;  it  may  be  subjected  to  indemnity  or  to  various 
disabilities;  it  is  subjugated  when  it  Is  held  helplessly  and  con- 
tinuously under  military  control;  it  Is  subdued  when  all  re- 
sistance has  died  out.  An  army  is  defeated  when  forcibly 
driven  back;  it  is  routed  when  it  is  converted  into  a  mob  of 
fugitives.  Compare  baffle;  beat;  gain;  hinder;  subdue. 
— Ant.:  capitulate,  cede,  fail,  fall,  fly,  forfeit,  lose,  resign, 
retire,  retreat,  submit,  succumb,  surrender,  yield. 
— con'quer-a-bl(eP,  a.— con'quer-or,  n. 

con 'quest,  1  kerj'kwest;  2  con'kwfist,  n.  1.  The  act  of 
conquering.  2.  The  thing  conquered.  [  <  Ij.ov  conquiro; 
see  conquer.]  Syn.:  see  victory.  —  The  Conquest,  In 
English  history,  the  subjugation  of  England  by  William  of 
Normandy  in  the  1 1th  century. 

Cons.,  abbr.  Consolidated,  constable,  constitution.— cons., 
abbr.    Consonant. 

con"san-guin'e-ous,  1  ken"san-gwin'i-us;  2  cSn"san- 
gwln'e-fis,  a.  Descended  from  the  same  parent  or  an- 
cestor; akin.  [<  L.  con-,  together,  -f-  sanguis,  blood.] 
con-san'gulnel;  con"san-nuln'c-alt;  con"san-guln'e- 
anl.—  con"san-guln'l-ty,  n.  Blood-relationshlp.  Syn.: 
see  affinity;  kin. 

con'sciencc,  1  kon'sTiens;  2  con'shfinc,  n.  1.  The  powei 
or  faculty  which  distinguishes  between  right  and  wrong; 
moral  sense.  2.  Conformity  in  conduct  to  one's  concep- 
tions of  right  and  wrong.  3||.  Consciousness.  [I'\,  <  L. 
conscientia,  <  con-,  together,  +  tcio,  know.]  -less,  a. — 
con"scI-en'tlous,  a.  Governed  or  dictated  by  conscience. 
-ly,  adv.  -ncss,  n. — con'sclon-a-bl(ep,  a.  Conformable 
to  conscience  or  right;  Just. — con  'sclon-a-bly,  adv. 

con 'scions,  1  kon'slius;  2  cem'shus,  a.  1.  Knowing  one's 
own  existence  and  mental  operations",  aware  that  one 


lives,  feels,  and  thinks.  2.  Embarrassed  by  undue  self" 
consciousness.  3.  Cognizant.  4.  Present  to  the  mind; 
recognized  as  belonging  to  oneself .  5.  [Archaic  or  Obs] 
Possessing  knowledge  in  common  with  another.  [  <  L. 
conscius,  <  con-,  with,  +  scio,  know.] 

Syn.:  advised,  apprized,  assured,  aware,  certain,  certified, 
cognizant,  informed,  sensible,  sure.  One  Is  aware  of  that 
which  exists  without  him;  he  is  conscious  of  the  inner  work- 
ings of  his  own  mind.  Sensible  may  be  used  in  the  exact 
sense  of  conscious,  or  it  may  partake  of  both  the  senses  men- 
tioned above.  One  may  be  sensible  of  his  own  or  another's 
error;  he  is  conscious  only  of  his  own.  A  person  may  feel 
assured  or  sure  of  something  false  or  nonexistent;  what  he  is 
aware  of,  still  more  what  he  is  conscious  of,  must  be  fact. 
Sensible  has  often  a  reference  to  the  emotions,  where  con- 
scious might  apply  only  to  the  intellect;  to  say  a  culprit  is 
sensible  of  his  degradation  is  more  forcible  than  to  say  he  is 
conscious  of  it.  —  Ant.:  cold,  dead,  deaf,  ignorant,  insensible, 
unaware,  unconscious.  —  Prep.:  of. 

— con'scious-ly,  adv.— con'scious-ness,  n.  1.  The 
state  of  being  conscious;  sensation;  knowledge.  2.  The 
power  of  self-knowledge;  internal  perception.  3.  The  aggre- 
gate of  the  conscious  states  in  a  single  organism  or  a  group 
of  persons.     Syn.:  see  feeling;  mind. 

con-script 'd,  1  ken-skript';  2  con-script',  vt.  To  force 
into  military  service;  draft. 

con 'script,  1  kon'skript;  2  con'script.  I.  a.  Registered; 
enrolled.  II.  n.  One  who  is  compulsorily  enrolled  for 
military  service.  [  <  L.  con-,  together,  +  scribo,  write.] 
— conscript  fathers,  the  senators  of  ancient  Rome;  also, 
the  senators  of  ancient  Venice. — con-scrip  'tion,  n.  A 
compulsory  enrolment  of  men  for  military  service;  draft. 

con 'se-crate,  1  ken'si-kret;  2  con'se-crat,  vt.  [-crat'ed11; 
-crat"ing.]  To  appropriate  to  sacred  uses;  devote;  ded- 
icate; hallow.  [<  L.  C071-,  together,  +  sacer,  sacred.] — 
con"se-cra'tion,  n.  The  act  of  consecrating,  or  the  state 
of  being  consecrated.— con'se-cra"tor,  n. — con'se-cra"- 
to-ry§,  a. 

con.  sect.,  abbr.     Conic  section. 

con-sec 'u-tiv(e8,  1  ken-sek'yu-tiv;  2  c8n-s6e'yu-tiv,  a. 

1.  Following  in  uninterrupted  succession;  successive. 

2.  Consequent:  with  to.  [  <  L.  con-,  with,  +  sequor, 
follow.] — con"se-cu 'tion  I! ,  n.  The  condition  of  being  con- 
secutive. — con-sec  'u-tiv  (e-ly  s,  adv. — con-sec  'u-tlv  (e- 
ness8,  n. 

con-sen 'su-al,  1  ken-sen'sliu-al;  2  eon-sen'shu-al,  a.  1.  Law. 
Existing  merely  by  virtue  of  acquiescence.  2.  Physiol.  Ex- 
cited by  sympathetic  or  reflex  action. 

con-sen 'sus,  1  kon-sen'sus;  2  con-sen'siis,  n.  A  collec- 
tive opinion;  general  agreement.  [L.,  <  con-,  together, 
+  se?ilio,  feel.] 

con-sent',  1  ken-seat';  2  con-sSnt'.  Id.  vi.  1.  To  yield 
voluntarily;  accede,  as  to  a  request;  acquiese.  2|f.  To 
agree  together;  accord.  II.  n.  1.  A  voluntary  yielding; 
compliance.  2.  Agreement;  concord.  3||.  Harmonious 
correspondence  or  operation.  [  <  L.OF  consentio,  agree] 
Syn.:  see  agree;  allow;  assent;  harmony;  permission. 
— con-sen'tient,  a.     Mutually  agreeing;  consonant. 

Con"sen-ta'ne-ous,  1  ken"sen-te'ni-us;  2  c6n"s8n-ta'nc- 
iis,  a.  Mutually  consenting  or  agreeing;  acquiescent. 
-ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

con'se-quence,  1  ken'si-kwens;  2  cfin'se-kwSnc,  n.  1. 
That  which  follows  as  a  result  or  conclusion.  2.  Dis- 
tinction; consideration;  importance. 

Syn.:  consequent,  effect,  end,  event,  issue,  outcome,  out- 
growth, result,  sequel,  upshot.  An  effect  is  directly  produced 
by  the  action  of  an  efficient  cause.  A  consequence  follows  an 
act  naturally,  but  less  directly  than  the  effect.  The  result  is, 
literally,  the  rebound  of  an  act;  the  issue  is  that  which  Hows 
forth  directly;  a  consequent  follows  simply  In  order  of  time 
or  by  logical  inference.  Compare  accident;  cause;  circum- 
stance; demonstration;  end;  EVENT;  inference. 

con'se-quent,  1  kon'si-kwent;  2  con'se-kwfnt.  I.  a. 
Following  us  a  natural  result  or  as  a  logical  conclusion; 
logical.  II.  n.  1.  The  conclusion  of  an  inference  or 
syllogism;  consequence.  2.  That  which  follows  some- 
thing else,  as  in  time,  order,  or  relation,  without  causal 

connection:  opposed  io antecedent.  8§.  Result; outcome. 
[<  L.OF  con-,  together,  +  sequor,  follow.]  S.vn.:  see  ion- 
sequence. — con'sc-quent-ly,  adv.  1.  As  a  consequence; 
therefore.  2.  In  a  consequent  manner.   Syn.:  see  THEREFORE. 

con"sc-quen'tial,  1  kon"si-kwen'sh;»l;  2  con"se-kwen'- 
shal,  a.  1.  Having  or  showing  importance;  self-impor- 
tant.   2.  Following  logically;  consequent,    -ly,  adv. 

con-serv(e's,  1  ken-surv';  2  eon-sSrv,  vt,  [-berv(e)d/8; 
-SEHV'nva.]  To  keep  from  Loss,  decay,  or  injury;  super- 
vise and  protect;  preserve.     I  <   L.    eonservo,   <  con-, 

with,  +  servo,  keep.]  Syn.:  see  PRESERVE,  eon-serv'a- 
bl(ep,  a.  That  may  be  preserved  cnn-ser'van-cy,  n. 
1.  The  act  of  conserving.  2.  A  board  or  commission  to  con- 
serve fisheries,  waterways,  etc. — con-scr'vant,  a.     Con- 


MMfrtr  J    o  li..,.-.       ,«t.«r;   full,  rOI.-;    but ,  tiOrn; 

.1.1...    ,.'...  Or,  »...,,  IBt 


i         i 


1 

. 

: 

ponder, 

Ignore, 

asa* 

..r  .:. 


.    m--i.l    .  r-.i   I  Ion, 

1 

1. 

.  ..n-slil   .  r-  in.  . 

•  I  I    . 

.  .■■■-. 1,1  '.r-.i-lilv  . 

.  ..ii-.l  I   .  r-.ii.  -l>  .  coii- 


r.-r-a'- 

■ :  1 1 1  and 

I  irn  for  a 
iiuoncc; 
HIP;  mo- 


I.  I       I   ■  deliver 

•     i  ommil  ; 
II.  tisetit. 

mark.] 

Sni-   .«"•  COMMIT. 

-  in  consign- 

ment     ruii—U'ii  i-i.^r .  lly  with 

another  or 

whom  prut-  eon-slgn'- 

mrn  i  i  -  r  keep- 

■i  e.  «,r  ahlpri  r  a  cod- 

'  consuming  it      ean'slgni-Ol 
of  tutn  >  t..ii- 

I.  posed; 

.'■ 

'•■ 
J.    . 
i  igether, 

I   .Hi--!-     I.    111.  |. 

:i.   Firmly 
-I . .  rorj-kU'ten-cy,  eon-sis 'tenet . 

l  aarmonj 

between  things,  a 

or  d'  -.   Synj 

• 
,  on.. |-   i,,-ri .  [-RIE8*, 


•I-  il. 

..I!--. I     I    1-1  C  -    . 


am  sole',  . 

■ 

■ 

adapted  to  soothe  and  susi 
*.:.''.  prank*  I  Of  r.    .- 


Cllll"- 

I .  i ;   unite 

PP  .    < 

4-    joriu  <  ..n--.,  '.!-  i  'Hun, 


-<■  Willi. 


:  relief  or  dc. 
or  word  tends  to  bring  mind  or  body  to  a  state  of  rest  and 


■ 
lurt. 

.  ..II-S..I     i-l.l    . 

il. mi.    .       I.    I 


:.  u-MA  others,  not  onl)  In  sorrow,  bul  in 

mil     PIT!        -V  '  iir.*.  ills 

mble,  wound 

i      <i.n". 
insollng,  oi  tin     tat*  of  bt  Ins 


iforllng  thoui  ron-tol  'a-to- 

i .      i  ii  • .  , ;  i    a  .  ..a 

i  mi  'koIi  .  \  corbel.  [F.] 

-  ..i  i-.i.uii.    i    i  ■■;      il  i  den  dant       I.   n 

linn  ti.  iinii  wuiiii.it 
1 1  for  wound  ■ 

i  nil-*.. |    l-ll.ltc.    1 

!•-■■]    1. 1     To  make  solid,  firm,  or  con i , 

unite     II.  '      1"  become  united,  solid,  ..i  firm     I       I 

coll- 

...i  i-iiriimi,  >,     eon-sol  T-da"  tor,  n 
eon-sols',   1    ken  -.1/.';  L'  • 

olidatod  annuitiea,"  a  British  governi 

(limit    -..ii|i       [F  ] 

riin"siiiii-iin-',   i  Clear 

run  'so- nan  t,  l  ken'eo  nanf  ;2  <  I.  a     I.  Be- 

ins  m  agreemenl  <ir  harmony  '!.  Conao- 

i  on  ' -...-ii. in* ; .     u.  ,,       \n  alphabetic 
not  easily  uttered  without  :i  vowel;  ;i  letter  representing 
such  :i  sound,    [<  L.  i  ■  ppt  .    •    eon-,  to- 

getba  id  '       eon'so-nance,  n     Agreement,  aa 

ord     con 'so-nan-e) :.    Bi 

BAHMONT.      cnn"so-iiiiii 'till,  a       cnn"so-ii.in '1  lc  ;   [Rare). 

roii  M.-ii.uit-i) .    od      con'so-nant-neUi 

<  ini-sori '  i,  i  ban  l.  (     To  join; 

II.        i  |.  company 

run 'sort,  l  ken'aort;  2  •  I.   \  companion  or 

i  ite;  .i  husband  or  wife;  an  aceompanying 
:.!-...  companionship;  company.    8f«  A  oonc.  rt;  orohe*. 
harmony,    |<  L.  con-,  together,  +  sors,  lol  ) 

con-spec'tus,  i  ken-epek'tuB;  2  \  gen* 

era!  view  of  a  subject;  al  nary.    [L.,  < 

eon-,  with,  :    Bnu  see  aBBmow 

con-splc'a-ous,  1  ken-spik'yu-us;  2  edn-spIe'yy-iiB,  a. 
1.   i  learly   visible;  prominent    and  di  tinct;   obvious; 
striking,    'i.  Eminent;  notable.    [<  L.  con-,  together,  -+• 
"  i      Svn.:   see    lppabbnt;    bionxnt;    evident; 
m  unriST.     con-splc'u-ous-ly,    adv.  —  con-splc'u-ous- 
liess,  rt, 
roii-spirt-',   1    koii-spair';  2   con-splr',  v.     [con-spiki H>'; 
-nu'iMi]    1. 1.   To  plot;  scheme  for.    II.  i.    I.  To 
join  in  or  form  a  conspiracy,    2.  To  concur  in  action  or 
endeavor,  as  circumstances,  agencies,  or  persons.    I  <  L. 
■•'.  ■    eon-,  together,   •   tpiro,  breathe.]    con-flplr'a- 
<■>,  it,    i-<-iKs'-.  pi.\    A  secret  combination  fur  an  ovD  pur- 
pose; plot;  also,  any  combination  to  surprize.     Syn.:  see 
CABAL,   -con-splr 'ant,  a.     con-splr 'ii-tor,  n.     One  who 
eon-spir'er,  n  (tional. 

Const.,  abbr     Constable,  Constantlne,  constitution,  constltu- 
eon'sta-bl(epf  1  kon'sta-bl;  2 eon'sta-bl, n.    l.  b» officer 
of  thi  policeman      2.  V.  high  military  officer  in 

medieval  monarchies.     |<  1.  laintli.    lit, 

'count  of  the  stable.*] — con'sta-bl  c-slilp'-,  it.  con-stab '- 
u-la-rj .  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  or  consisting  of  constables.  II. 
n.  [-rik<<z,  pi.]  Constables  collectively;  a  military  police 
force.  (An  English  landscape-painter. 

Con'sta-Me,  l  ken'sts-bl;  2  eon'sta-bl,  John  (177fl 

<  on "siiini-e,  i  ten'stans; 2 eon'stanc, n,  AlakelnN. E  Bwlt- 
serland;  lOOsq  m.;  also, dty  on  same  in  itadcn;  pop  l'.s.ooo 

con '-tiin-cy,  l  ken'  in'stan-jpy,  n     1.  Steadi- 

or  action;  faithfulness  in  service  or  affec- 

'i.  Stability.    Syn.:  .see  kipki.itv;  ihdubthy;  pbbsb- 

\  in. 

eon's  tan  t,  1  kon'atant;  2  eSn'stant,    I.  o.    I.  Steady  in 

pnrp  trering;  faithfuL     'i.  Steady  in 

movement;  long»continuing,  or  continually  recurring; 

invariable.    8t<  lirm;  p  i  ristent.     II.  n.    A 

property  or  quality  remaining  always  the  same  under 

me  conditions.    [1  ,   <   I.   con-,  together,  +  sto, 

|.      Syn.:  see   continual;   frequent;    pebuanbnt; 

PEEPE1 '   U        con  'stant-h 

<  on"stitiil  '  ile  Ki-l>eei|Ue',  1    k..n"stin'  de  r;.-lM;k';  2  coh*- 

Henri  Benjamin,  commonly  called  Ben- 
jamin Conatani  (1767   1830      \  i  rench  orator,  politician, 

liter. 

<  on'siiui-iini  .  n    i.  Plaverlos  v. 

I       72  337).    The  flrst  Christian  emperor  of  Rome. 

<  on-siiin"il-no'plc,  i  ken-stan'ti-nO'pl; 2  eon-etan*tl-n8'pl, 
n.    An  ancient  fortified  city  (pop    1,200,000)  on  the  Bos- 

.  spltal  of  the  Otto 
i  (in'stei-hi'tion,  l  ken'ste-lS'shan;  2  efin'stS-l&'shon,  n. 

1.  \  group  or  cluster  of  stars.     Bee  table  on  next  page. 

2.  An  assemblage  of   brilliant   things  or   persons.     3. 


1:3  =  final;    l  =  habit^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;     Iu  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    rj  =  sing;    fhin,    this.  Conserve 

185    2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  Consuetude 


Astro!.  The  aspect  of  the  planets  at  the  time  of  one's    con-strain'.  1  ken-stren';  2  con-stran',  vt 
birth;  hence,  disposition  or  character  as  influenced  by 
one's   horoscope.       [F.,  <  L.  con-,  together,  +  Stella, 
star.] — con-stel'la-to-ry,  a. 


1.  To  compel 
by  physical  or  moral  means;  urge;  oblige.  2.  To  confine 
or  compress.  [  <  OF.  constraindre,  <  L.  constringo;  see 
constrict.]    Syn.:  see  compel;  make;  restrain. 


Table  of  Constellations, 
explanation. 
Group  I.  Includes  all  constellations  within  45  degrees  of  the  north  pole.     Group  II.  Includes  all  constellations  within 
45  degrees  on  each  side  of  the  equator.     Group  III.  includes  all  constellations  within  45  degrees  of  the  south  pole. 


An-drom'e-da 

Ant'li-a 

A'pus 

A-qua'rl-us 

Aq'ui-la  et  An-tin'o-us 

A'ra 

A'rl-es 

Au-ri'ga 

Bo-o'tes 

Cae'lum 

Ca-mel"o-par'da-lis. .  . 

Can'cer 

Ca'nes  Ve-nat'i-ci.  .  .  . 

Ca'nis  Ma'jor 

Ca'nis  Mi'nor 

Cap"ri-cor'nus 

Ca-ri'nat 

Cas"si-o-pe'ia 

Cen-tau'rus 

Ce'pheus 

Ce'tus 

Cha-me'le-on 

Cir'ci-nus 

Co-lum'ba 

Co'ma  Ber"e-ni'ces.  .  . 
Co-ro'na  Aus-tra'lis. . . 
Co-ro'na  Bo"re-a'lis. . . 

Cor'vus 

Cra'ter 

Crux 

Cyg'nus 


=■  J. 

a 

o  a? 

3 
O 

PS 

=  2  & 

0 

*o 

II. 

79 

NOV.    1 

II. 

13 

April  1 

III. 

IS 

July 

II. 

99 

Oct. 

II. 

78 

Aug. 

III. 

20 

July 

II. 

55 

Dec. 

II. 

73 

Feb. 

II. 

89 

June 

II. 

4 

Jan.    ■ 

I. 

83 

Mch. 

II. 

48 

Men. 

II. 

50 

May 

II. 

53 

Feb. 

II. 

15 

Mch. 

II. 

36 

Sept. 

III. 

fin' 

Mch. 

I. 

fifi 

Nov.  i 

II. 

97 

May  i 

I. 

8tt 

Nov.  . 

II. 

109 

Dec. 

III. 

11 

April  i 

III. 

11 

June  i 

II. 

31 

Feb. 

II. 

36 

May 

II. 

23 

Aug. 

II. 

24 

July 

II. 

14 

May 

II. 

18 

April 

III. 

18 

May 

II. 

146 

Sept. 

Del-phi'nus 

Do-ra'do 

Dra'co 

E-quu'le-us 

E-rid'a-nus 

For'nax 

Gem'i-ni 

Orus 

Her'cu-les 

Hor"o-lo'gi-um . . . 

Hy'dra 

Hy'drus 

In'dus 

La-cer'ta 

Le'o 

Le'o  Mi'nor 

Le'pus 

Li'bra 

Lu'pus 

Lynx 

Ly'ra 

Men'sa 

Mi"cro-sco'pl-um . 
Mo-noc'e-ros .  .  .  . 

Mus'ca 

Nor'ma 

Oc'tans 

Oph"i-u'chus 

O-ri'on 

Pa'vo 

Peg'a-sus 


C    M 

o. 
p 
o 

5  "5   CL 

3CC 

O 

*3 

"  OS 

II. 

21 

Sept. 

III. 

16 

Jan. 

I. 

135 

June 

II. 

13 

Sept. 

II. 

102 

Dec. 

II. 

24 

Dec. 

II. 

53 

Feb. 

III. 

33 

Oct. 

II. 

148 

July 

III. 

11 

Dec. 

II. 

89 

April 

III. 

16 

Dec. 

III. 

19 

Oct. 

I. 

48 

Oct. 

II. 

84 

April 

II. 

20 

April 

II. 

35 

Jan. 

II. 

33 

June 

II. 

46 

June 

I. 

38 

Feb. 

II. 

50 

Aug. 

III. 

14 

Jan. 

II. 

19 

Sept. 

II. 

64 

Mch. 

III. 

12 

May 

III. 

18 

July 

III. 

22 

II. 

79 

July 

II. 

107 

Jan. 

III. 

34 

Aug. 

II. 

111 

Oct. 

Per'seus 

Phe'nix 

Pic'tor 

Pis'ces 

Pis'cis  Aus-tri'nus.  . .  . 

Pup'pist 

Pyx'ist 

Re-tic'u-lum 

Sa-git'ta 

Sag*it-ta'rl-us 

Scor'pi-o 

Sculp'tor 

Scu'tum  So"bi-es'ki-i. 

Ser'pens 

Ser'pens  (Ca'put) 

Sex'tans 

Tau'rus 

TeI"e-sco'pi-um 

Tri-an'gu-hun 

Tri-;in'gu-lum  A  us- 

tra'le 

Tu-ca'na 

Ur'sa  Ma'jor 

Ur'sa  Mi'nor 

Ve'lat 

Vir'go 

Vo'lans 

Vul-pec'u-la-cum  An'- 

se-re  


I. 
III. 
III. 

II. 

II. 

II. 

ir. 
in. 


ii. 
II. 
ii. 
ii. 
ii. 
in. 
II. 

in. 
in. 

i. 

i. 

ii. 
ii. 
in. 

II. 


Mch. 
June 
Mch. 

Sept. 


*  Number  of  stars  down 
t  The  four  constellations 


to  the  6th  magnitude,  inclusive. 

Carina,  Puppis,  Pyxis,  and  Vela  were  formerly  considered  as  a  single  one,  called  Argo  Navls. 


con"ster-na'tion,  1  ken"stsr-ne'slian;  2  eon"ster-na'- 
shon,  n.  Sudden  overwhelming  fear;  terror  with  con- 
fusion; dismay.  [<  L.  con-,  together,  +  sterno,  strew.] 
Syn.:  see  alarm;  amazement;  fear. 

con'sti-pate,  1  ken'sti-pet;  2  con'sti-pat,  vt.  [-PAT"EDd; 
-pat"ing.]  To  fill  and  stop  (the  bowels).  [<  L.  con-, 
together,  +  stipo,  press.] — con"sti-pa'tion,  n.  A  morbid 
inactivity  of  the  bowels. 

COIl-stit'u-ent,  1  ken-stit'yu-ent;  2  con-stit'yu-Snt.  I.  a. 
1.  Being  a  necessary  part;  component.  2.  Entitled  to 
vote  for  a  public  officer  or  representative.  II.  n.  1. 
One  represented  politically  or  in  business;  a  voter;  a 
client.  2.  A  necessary  part  or  element.  [  <  L.  constit- 
uents, ppr.  of  constituo;  see  constitute.]  Syn.:  see  part. 
— con-stIt'u-en-cy,re.  [-ciesz,  pl.\  A  body  of  constituents. 

con'sti-tute,  1  ken'sti-tiut;  2  eon'sti-tiit,  vt.  [-TUT"EDd; 
-tut"ino.]  1.  To  make  (anything)  what  it  is;  make  up; 
frame;  compose.  2.  To  establish  as  by  authority;  enact. 
3.  To  depute;  appoint.  [  <  L.  constltutus,  pp.  of  consti- 
tuo, <  con-,  together,  +  staluo,  place.]  Syn.:  see  make. — 
con'stl-tu"tlv(es,  a.  Helping  or  having  power  to  constitute. 

Con"sti-tu'tion,  1  ken'stl-tiu'slisn;  2  con"sti-tii'shon,  n. 
1.  The  :n't  of  constituting.  2.  A  system  of  related  parts; 
composition  or  make=up;  bodily  frame  or  temperament, 
3.  The  fundamental  or  organic  law  of  a  state  or  of  an 
association;  especially,  that  of  the  I  niled  States  of 
America,  which  was  framed  and  adopted  by  a  conven- 
tion called  for  that  purpose  (17x7),  subsequently  rati- 
fied by  each  Slate  separately,  and  went  into  operation 
Mar.  4,  1780.  4.  Civ.  Law.  An  imperial  ordinance  or 
rescript.  5.  [C-]  An  American  frigate;  defeated  and 
captured  the  British  frigate "Guerriere,"  Aug.  19, 1812: 
"Old   Ironsides."      Syn.:    see  CHARACTER.        con"stl-tu'- 

tion-al.    I.  a.    1.  Pertaining  to,  Inherent  in,  or  affecting 

the  constitution  of  a  person  or  of  a  State;  consistent  with 
the  constitution  of  a  state;  lawful.  2.  Acting  under  and 
controlled  by  a  constitution.  II.  n.  [f'oiloq.]  A  walk  for 
one's  health.  Syn.:  sec  RADICAL.  con"stl-tu"tioii-:iri- 
ty,  n.  Accordance  with  a  constitution;  lawfulness,  con"- 
stl-tii'llon-al-ly,  adv.  in  accordance  with  or  In  relation 
to  physical  constitution  or  organic  law;  naturally;  legally. 
constr.,  abbr.    Construction  construed. 


— con-strain'a-bl(eP,  a.— con-strain  (e)d's,  pa.  Sub- 
jected to  or  resulting  from  constraint;  compulsory;  re- 
pressed.— con-strained 'ly,  adv. — con-strain 'er,  n. — con- 
straint', n.  The  act  of  constraining,  or  the  state  of  being 
constrained;  compulsion;  repression  or  embarrassment.  Syn.: 
see  modesty;  reserve. 

con-strict  'd,  1  ken-strikt';  2  con-strict',  vt.  To  compress 
or  draw  together  at  some  point;  bind;  cramp.  [<  L. 
constrictus,  pp.  of  constringo,  <  con-,  together,  +  slringo, 
draw  tight.]— con-stric'tion,  n.  A  constricting,  or  a  con- 
stricted part.— con-stric'tlv(es,  a.  Tending  to  constrict. 
— con-stric'tor,  n.  That  which  constricts;  a  serpent,  as  a 
boa,  that  crushes  its  prey.  [traction  In. 

con-stringe',  1  kon-strinj';  2  e6n-strlng',  vt.    To  cause  con- 

con-struct'd,  1  ken-strukt';  2  con-struct',  vt.  To  put  to- 
gether and  set  up;  build;  arrange;  devise.  [<  L.  con-, 
together,  +  struo,  pile  up.] 

Syn.:  build,  compose,  erect,  fabricate,  form,  frame.  See 
make.  —  Ant.:  break,  demolish,  destroy,  overthrow. 

— con-struct'er,  con-s true 'tor,  ». — con-s true 't Ion, 
n.  1.  The  act  of  constructing;  a  struct  tire.  'i.  Style  of  build- 
ing or  composing;  grammatical  arrangement  and  relation  of 
words.  3.  The  act  of  construing;  Interpretation;  meaning 
con-s  true 'tlon-al,  a.  Pertaining  to  construction;  building. 
— con-struc'tion-lst,  n.  One  who  construes  laws,  etc.,  or 
who  advocates  a  particular  construction,  coii-struc'- 
(Ivies,  a.  Involving  construction,  having  power  or  ten- 
dency to  build  up;  tending  to  or  reaching  positive  conclu- 
sions; affirmative.   -iy,adv.   -ncss, //. 

con'strue,  1  ken'stru;  2  cftn'stru,  vt.  &  vi.    [con'btri  i  d; 

CON'btRU-ING.]     To  state  tin-  SJ  utax  ol  ;  I  ran- date  ;  inter- 
pret; explain.     [<  I,,  construo;  see  consthiici   | 
coii"siib-stan'tlal,  ]  tcen'sub-stan'shal;  2  eon'sub-stan'shal 
a.  'i' in  oi.  Having  the  same  substance,   [LL,  consut'stantialis, 

<  con-.  tOgel  her.  and  sec  SUBSTANCE.] 
coii"sul»-stan'(i-a(e,  1  kon"sub-slan'shi-et ;  2  i'On"suli-stan'- 

shi-at,  v.   [-at"ed*;  -at*in(!.|    1. 1.   To  unite  in  one  common 

substance.     II.  t.    To  teach  consulislant  ial  Ion,      con"Sllh- 

Btan"tl-a'tlon,  n.    The  theory  or  the  substantial  presence 

of  Christ  in  tin1  euchaiistic  elements:  a  term  applied  to  the 
Lutheran  doctrine,  inn  rejected  bj  Lui  bei  an 

con 'sue- tilde,  ]  kon'swi-l  hid  ;  2  i  on'suc-t  ud,  n.  <  'list  om:  as- 
sociation.   [  <  L.  consuetudo,  <  con-  Intcna.  +  sueo,  be  uc- 


Inirn- 
II. 

Him  '•  «i-i » .  I  otloq  ] 

on-aurn  .  r  who  nr 

article 


.  ..ii   -iini- 

:.  \  i'li  ili- 


um  111  I' 

-.11111  111  ll.  -I .  . 


imp   i  Ion.  !"">n,  n. 

1 . 

■  ..ii--iini|i  Hi  .        i.         i . 

1 1 
-i*  .  -in  --. 

'  Incntal, 

i.  i .  I . 

2. 

urrent. 

nil.) 

1 . 
mu: 

ie.     [  < 

aimrmma  Uu 

|f».!.    fulfill.1'  ■   nf  the 

'.lliil  in 

penon  npuo  anot  I 

or  o<uwwVl*>apread  cot 

I . 

•■it.    • 

••»  -l>.  -in---. 

.in   .  I.         I.    i      hold  or 

■'■ 

I. 
1 1 

'  i,  hold.] 

run-tall        - 

-.in   l-n.it.  . 

i  ..n- 
tarn   l-n»-M   •     .  i  .in- 

t*iM"l-n»  i|..n  .  <  uii-tam '- 

l-n»-tl>   • 
•••-tr-iiiii '. 

itena.   +  lemno,  de- 
■I  ...         r.,n-t<  m  'm  r,  •. 


net.  §r;  full,  rOU;  l>trt,  l>flrn; 

i  I        - »0n.         |H« 

•  ..ni.  nip.,  ■       tern | 

- 1 •  I .» 1 1-.     1     Icon  U  ni  i 

•     .-...  |     I.  i     To  look  ni  attentively  ; 
!  Ii>  m  probable,    11. 

I  i  In  r  .      <     U  m- 

IIIRH      I  ..-'K      mi   -i         oon"- 

i.ni  |.i  i  ii. hi.  i'      :n  i  ..r  1..1111 1 1 1 1 .- 1 1  im: .   continued 

lection;    1 11 in. 

-1.  in  |iii-ii\  .   .        Given  to  cliarnctcrlsed  by,  or 

cmplatlon     -I).  .;..'■     •neu, n     eon'- 

I.  ■  ■  1  - 1  •  1 1  lor, 

luii-iiin    p.i-r .1  °iir-mis,    1    knii  (iin"|.  -  1. 

I  i\  ins  ,,r  " '  '•"'    il   ' '" 

.  together,    |   U  mpu  -.  1  line  | 
ponu       1    -  ■  la  used  ohleflj  of 

contemporary  <>(  person*:  11.1.  eonunporary 
writ*  ■     '  1 "  ■  1         IM 

■  .ui-li-m'  pi>-r.i'ni-oii--l>  .  iiin-trln"pi>-ra'- 

II.  -1UI--11.  --. 

■  iiii-iiiii  pn-r;i-r} .    1    ken-ten 

I.        Contemporaneou       II.  pi.]   A 

■  rung  that  la  oontemporar) 

r. -ii  IN 

1  uM-ii  inpi '.  1  1  on  tempt';  2  eSn-teinpt',  «     1.  The  set 
pising;  diadain;  scorn;  wilful  dian  Bard  ..1  author- 

m     ■;.   1  he  state  ..1  being  deapiaed;  dia- 

1   ' "   .    • ..'.  in  plus,    • .  eonh  mno;  see 

1. .Ml  MS  I      S\li:  Hi-i-   BOORN,        niii-tcmpf  "Mill  'l-t)  ,    n. 
r.in-l.  inpi    l-lil  r-iii-.-..  ;.      1  .iii-li-nipl   1-1)1  I-' .  a.    1.1  ><-— 

mtempt;  despicable;  vile.     8t»  Contemptuoua. 

.-<     11  \ -t  .    I. iril  1:.    l-IMlll.       coll-ti-llipl 'l-lll),  mil. 

1  .in-iriiip  1 11-..11-.  ■    Disdainful,  s.vn.-  aee  hauqhtt. — 

<  iill-lrll)|)'l  ll-.nl--l>  .  I'lin-tl'llip'lll-llUs-lli'ss,    n. 

con-tend '■'i  1  ken-tend';  2  eon-tend',  t.    I.  1.    To  main- 
tain in  argument:  Followed  bj  that  with  an  objective 

ll.        LT cert  1  >m  -■  U  in  opposition  or  ri- 

v  airy,  as  to  obtain  or  defend  some  object;  struggle;  strive. 
■;.    I.-  debate  earnestly;  dispute.     [<   I.,  contendo,   < 
eon-,  together,   »  (endo.  stretch.] 
Syn.:  antagonise,  argue,  battle,  combat,  compote,  contest, 
dispute,  right,  grapple  oppose,  strive,  trie,  wrangle. 
Bee  utot  b;opposi.     Anil:  see  synonyms  for  aobbe;  illow. 
,  ■:  contend  about  trifles;  contend  for  the  faith,  for  a 
position,  a  prise,  etc    contend  with  an  antagonist;  contend 
•  fortune,  fate,  etc, 
con- tend 'er,  r». 
con-tent",  1  ken-tent';  2  eon-tent',  vt.     To  fulfil  the 

..r    expectations  of;    satisfy.      Syn.:    .see    imii  i,i;k; 
riiii-lt'iit  '<•<!.    ;»/.      1.    Satisfied    with    things  afl 

re;  content,     'J.  Resigned;  willing     Synj  see  coh- 

11111  -tent  'oil-l>  ,   mi        <  <  >ii-  I  <'  11 1  i<l- 11 1 — .   n 

inii-ti'iit  'infill,  n.    The  state  ..f  being  contented.    Syn.: 

•1  OBI  :  11  ti'ir.i  as;  SATIS!  H 

con-tent  %  a.    Contented;  satisfied.    |<  L.  contentus,  < 

IH  IAIN.) 

con-tent'li  n      i:-  rl  oi  mind;  satisfaction. 
con 'tent?,  1  ken'tent;  2  eon'tent,  n.    1.  All  thai  a  thing 
isually  in  the  plural.    3.  Logii     The  constit- 
uent elements  of  a  conception,  <>r  meaning  and  rela- 
involved.    .'$5.  Holding  capacity;  size.    4.  King.  & 
p!.  Oeom.   Included  ar.-.-i  or  space;  extent, 

vi  111- ion '( ion,  l  ken-ten'al ;  2  eftn-ten'shon,  n.    1.  Tlio 

act  of  contending;  strife;  conflict;  struggle;  dispute.    2. 
Anol  it  in  debate  or  controversy;  a  stati 

in  support  of  an  argument;  the  argument  itself.    [F.,  < 
-  .  •     contentus;  see  content,  a.]    Syn.:  see 

Mil  Rl    Ulns;    I  Kl    l»:    QTJ  \RREL. 

con-ten'ttons,  l  ken-ten'shus:  2  e&n-ten'shfis,  a.  Given 
to  or  involving  contention;  disputatious;  quarrelsome. 
-I>,  mi-     -in--.^,  n 
eon-ter  'mi-nous,  1  k<>n-t  or'mi-nns;  2  eSn-ter'mi-ntis,  a. 
Having  a  common  boundary  "line;  coextensive.    [<  L. 
Mi.    •    1,  r minus,  limit.]    eoii-lor'inl-nal: ;  ro-ter'- 
111I-11..11- : .     Svu.:  see  uu 
( 1111-1.-1  •  .  l  ken-test';  2  e8n-test',  ».    Lf,    1.  To  con- 
tend aboul :  dispute;  strive  to  take,  keep,  or  control.    2. 
To  strive  to  win,  as  a  battle  or  an  election.    II.  i.    To 
-!•!  strenuously.    [<  L  conU  (or,  call  to  witness,  < 
eon-,  with,    •   /•  (((.witness.]    Bytu  aee  contend;  uuurui'B. 
con-teal  'a-bl(e',  a. 
eon'tolty]  ken'test;  2e5n'test,  n.    The  act  of  contesting; 
a  struggle;  conflict, 
Syn.:  -.  •   battle;  i  umiktition;  feud;  quarrel. 
eon-tea'tant,  n.     One  who  contests.— con"tes-ta'- 
(1(H),  n. 
eon'text,  1  ken'tekst;  2  efin'telcst,  n.    The  portions  of  a 
•  '        connected    with    a   passage 
quoted  or  considered.     [<  L.  con-,  together,   -+-  tezo, 
weave.]— con-tei'tu-sl,  a.    -ly,  adv. 


187 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt£   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    rj  =  sire<7;    fhin,   this.  Consul 

2:wQlf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.      Contrary 


con-tcx'ture,  1  ken-teks'dhur  or  -tiur;  2  con-teks'chur  or 
-tur,  n.  Something  interwoven;  style  or  manner  of  in- 
terweaving; texture. — con-tex  'tur-al,  a. 
con-tig 'u-ous,  1  ken-tig'yu-us;  2  con-ttg'yu-us,  a. 
Touching  or  joining  at  the  edge  or  boundary;  adjacent. 
[  <  L.  conliguus,  <  conlingo;  see  contact.] 
Syn.:  see  adjacent;  immediate. 

— con"tl-gu'i-ty,re.  1.  Nearness;  proximity.  2.  Uninter- 
rupted connection;  continuity.  Syn.:  see  approximation. 
— con-tig'u-ous-ly,  adv. — con-tig 'u-ous-ness,  re. 
con'ti-nent,  1  kon'ti-nent;  2  con'ti-nent,  o.  1.  Sclf= 
restrained;  abstinent;  chaste.  2f.  Restraining.  [<  L. 
continent-) s,  ppr.  of  conlineo;  see  contain.]  Syn.:  see  pure. 
— con'tl-nence, -nen-cy,re.  Sclf=restraint;  chastity.  Syn.: 
see  abstinence. — con'tl-nent-Iy,  adv. 
con'ti-nent,  re.  1.  One  of  the  great  bodies  of  land  on  the 
globe.  2.  [C-]  Europe,  as  distinguished  from  the  British 
Islands.  3t«  That  which  contains;  also,  that  which  is 
contained,  f  <  L.^continens,  continuous.]  Syn.:  see  land. 
Con"ti-nen'tal,  1  ken"ti-ncn'tal;  2  c6n"ti-nen'tal,  a.  1. 
Pertaining  to  or  characteristic  of  a  continent.  2.  [C-] 
Pertaining  to  the  Continent  of  Europe.  3.  [C-]  Per- 
taining to  the  United  States  during  the  Revolutionary 
War,  or  to  the  continental  portion  of  the  United  States. 
Con"ti-nen'tal,?t.  1.  A  native  or  resident  of  the  Continent 
of  Europe.  2.  U.  S.  Hist.  (1)  A  soldier  of  the  regular 
forces  under  the  control  of  Congress  in  the  Revolution. 
(2)  [Slang.]  A  note  of  the  rapidly  depreciated  paper 
money  issued  by  Congress  during  the  Revolution.  3. 
[c-]  An  inhabitant  of  a  continent. 
con-tin'gent,  1  kon-tin'jent;  2  con-tln'gent.  I.  a.  1. 
Likely  or  liable,  but  not  certain,  to  occur;  fortuitous; 
probable.  2.  Law.  Dependent  upon  an  uncertain  fu- 
ture event.  II.  re.  1.  A  contingency.  2.  A  proportion- 
ate share;  a  quota  of  troops.  [  <  L.  contingen{t-)s,  ppr. 
of  contingo;  see  contact.]  Syn.:  see  incidental. — con- 
tin 'gen-cy,  re.  [-ciesz,  pi.]  1.  Possibility  of  happening. 
2.  A  contingent  event:  casualty,  con-tin 'gencej.  Syn.: 
see  accident;  event;  hazard. — con-tin 'gent-ly,  adv. 
con-tin  'u-al,  1  kon-tin'yu-al;  2  eon-tin'yu-al,  a.  1.  Re- 
newed in  regular  succession;  often  repeated.  2.  Contin- 
uous. 

Syn.:  ceaseless,  constant,  continuous,  incessant,  invari- 
able, perpetual,  regular,  unbroken,  unceasing,  uninterrupted, 
unremitting,  unvarying.  Continuous  describes  that  which  is 
absolutely  without  pause  or  break;  continual,  that  which 
often  intermits,  but  as  regularly  begins  again.  A  continuous 
beach  is  exposed  to  the  continual  beating  of  the  waves.  A 
similar  distinction  is  made  between  incessant  and  ceaseless. 
The  incessant  discharge  of  firearms  makes  the  ceaseless 
roar  of  battle,  ceaseless  may  have  the  further  meaning  of 
unending,  perpetual.  Constant  is  sometimes  used  in  the 
sense  of  continual;  but  its  chief  reference  is  to  steadiness,  as 
of  purpose,  sentiment,  or  movement;  as,  constant  devotion; 
constant  advance.  See  perpetual. — con-tin 'u-al-ly,  adv. 
con-tin 'ue,  1  kon-tin'yu;  2  con-tin'yu,  v.  [-ued;  -u-ing.] 
1. 1.  1.  To  extend  or  prolong  in  space  or  time.  2.  Law. 
To  postpone  (judicial  proceedings);  grant  a  continuance 
of.  II.  i.  1.  To  be  durable;  last;  endure.  2.  To 
remain;  abide.    3.  To  keep  on;  persist. 

Syn.:  see  abide;  live;  persevere;  persist;  protract; 
stand. — con-tin 'u-ance,  re.  1.  The  state  of  continuing; 
duration.  2.  Uninterrupted  succession;  survival.  3.  Law. 
Postponement. — con-tin 'u-ate,  a.  1.  Closely  joined  to- 
gether. 2.  Unbroken;  uninterrupted. — con-tln"u-a'tlon, 
n.  The  act  of  continuing,  or  something  added  by  continu- 
ing.— con-tin 'u-a"tor,  n.  con-tin 'u-ert. 
con-tin 'u-ous,  1  kon-tin'yu-us;  2  eon-tin'yu-us,  a.  Con- 
nected, extended,  or  prolonged  without  a  break;  un- 
broken; uninterrupted^  [<  L.  conlinuus,  <  contineo; 
see  contain.]  Syn.:  see  continual;  gradual;  perpet- 
ual.—con"ti-nu'i-ty,  re.  The  state  or  quality  of  being 
continuous.  —  con-tln'u-ous-ly,  ado.  —  con-tin'u-ous- 
ni'ss,  re. 
COn-tort'd,  1  kon-tort';  2  con-tort',  vt.  To  twist  violently ; 
wrench  out  of  shape  or  place.  [  <  L.  contortus,  pp.  < 
con-,  with,  4-  torqueo,  twist.]  Syn.:  seo  twist. — con-tor'- 
tlon,  re.  The  act  of  contorting;  unnatural  or  spasmodic 
writhing  or  wryness,  as  of  the  limbs,  con-tnr'tloii-lst,  re. 
An  acrobat  trained  to  distort  his  limbs.  —  con-tor'tlv  (<"\  a. 
con-tour',  1  kon-tur';  2  con-tin',  n .  The  line  bounding 
a  figure  or  body;  outline.  [F.] — con-totir'dlne",  re. 
The  line,  or  one  of  the  lines,  const  Muting  the  boundary  of  a 
plane;  In  surveying,  the  Intersection  <>f  a  horizontal  plane 
with  the  BUTfaee  of  a  country  at  any  height, 
contr.,  abbr.  Contract,  contracted,  contraction,  contrary. 
con'tra-,  1  kon'tro-;  2  con'tra-,  prefix.     Against;  opposite; 

contrary.    [<  L.  contra,  against,  <  cum.  with.] 
con'tra-hand,  1   ken'trs-band;  2  eon'tra-band.     I.  a. 
Prohibited  or  excluded,  as  by  military  law;  forbidden. 
II.  re.     1.  Contraband  goods  or  trade.     2,   U.  S.  Hist. 


Any  fugitive  slave  who  took  refuge  within  the  Union 
lines  during  the  Civil  War:  so  called  from  a  declaration 
of  Gen.  B.  F.  Butler  in  1861  that  such  a  slave  is  "contra- 
band of  war."  [  <  It.  conlrabbando,  lit.  'contrary  to 
proclamation'.]— contraband  of  war,  anything  that  a 
neutral  is  prohibited  by  the  laws  of  war  to  furnish  to  either 
belligerent.  Arms  and  military  supplies  are  classed  as  ab- 
solute contraband;  grain,  horses,  etc..  as  occasional  c; 
goods  consigned  to  a  neutral  country  which  may  be  trans- 
ferred to  a  belligerent,  or  to  a  belligerent  country  which  may 
be  used  by  the  army  or  navy  are  conditional  c— con'tra- 
band-ism,  re.  Smuggling. — con'tra-band-ist,  re.  A  smug- 
gler,   con'tra-band-isfat. 

con"tra»clock"wise,  adv.  &  a.    Same  as  counter-clockwise. 

con-tract'd,  1  kon-trakt';  2  con-tract',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To 
reduce  in  size  by  drawing  together  the  parts  of;  shorten; 
narrow;  limit;  condense.  2.  Grain.  To  shorten,  as  a 
word,  by  omitting  a  medial  part.  3.  To  take  or  acquire; 
become  affected  with,  as  a  disease  or  a  habit.  4.  To 
arrange  or  settle  by  contract.  5.  To  betroth.  II.  i.  1. 
To  shrink.  2.  To  make  a  contract.  [  <  L.  contractus, 
pp.,  <  con-,  with,  +  traho,  draw.] — con-tract'ed,  pa.  1. 
Not  broad,  ample,  or  liberal;  narrow;  mean;  scanty.  2. 
Having  undergone  contraction;  shrunken,  -ly,  adv.  -ncss, 
re.— con-tract"i-bil'i-ty,  re.  con-tract'l-bKe-nessPJ; 
con"trac-til'i-tyl.— con-tract 'i-blteF  or  -a-bl(cP,  a. 
con-trac'til(e»t;  con-trac'tiv(esj. 

con'tract,  1  kon'trakt;  2  con'tract,  n.  A  formal  agree- 
ment, or  the  writing  containing  it.  2.  A  betrothal  or 
marriage.  Syn.:  agreement,  arrangement,  bargain,  cartel, 
compact,  covenant,  engagement,  promise,  stipulation.  An 
agreement  or  a  contract  may  be  oral  or  written,  but  a  con- 
sideration or  compensation  is  essential  to  a  contract.  A 
covenant  in  law  is  a  written  contract  under  seal.  Covenant 
is  frequent  in  religious  usage,  as  contract  is  in  law  and  busi- 
ness. Compact  is  essentially  the  same  as  contract,  but  is 
applied  to  international  agreements,  treaties,  etc.  A  bar- 
gain is  a  mutual  agreement  for  an  exchange  of  values, 
without  the  formality  of  a  contract.  A  stipulation  is  a 
single  item  in  an  agreement  or  contract.  A  cartel  is  a  mili- 
tary agreement  for  the  exchange  of  prisoners  or  the  like. 

con-trac'tion,  1  ken-trak'slian;  2  con-trac'shon,  n.  1. 
The  act  of  contracting,  or  the  state  of  being  contracted. 
2.  That  which  is  contracted.    Syn.:  see  abbreviation. 

con-trac'tor,  1  ken-trak'tar;  2  con-trae'tor,  n.  1.  One 
of  the  parties  to  a  contract.  2.  One  who  executes  plans 
under  contract.    3.  A  muscle  that  serves  to  contract. 

con'tra=dance",  1  ken'tra«dans";  2  c6n'tra=danc",  re.  1.  A 
country=dance.    2.  One  of  the  figures  composing  a  quadrille. 

con"tra-dict'd,  1  kon"tra-dikt' ;  2  c6n"tra-diet',  v.  I.  t. 
1.  To  deny  (a  statement)  directly  or  by  implication.  2. 
To  deny  a  statement  of  (a  person).  3.  To  be  inconsis- 
tent with  (a  statement,  belief,  or  the  like).  4f>  To 
speak  against;  forbid;  oppose.  II.  i.  To  utter  a  contra- 
diction; deny.  [  <  L.  contra,  against,  +  dico,  speak.] 
Syn.:  seeopposE. — con"tra-dict'er,coii"tra-dlc'tor,  re. — 
con"tra-dic'tion,  n.  The  act  of  contradicting;  inconsis- 
tency; direct  opposition;  something  contradictory. — con"- 
tra-dic'to-ry.  I.  a.  Characterized  by  opposition;  Incon- 
sistent; diametrically  opposed.  con"tra-dlc'(ioust§;  con"- 
tra-dic'tlv(eMl;§.  Syn.:  sec  alien;  contrast;  incongru- 
ous; inimical.  II.  n.  [-riiosz,  pi.}  A  proposition  by  means 
of  which  another  proposition  is  absolutely  denied.—  con"- 
tra-dlc'to-rl-Iy,  adv. — con"tra-clic'to-rl-ness,  re. 

con"tra-dls-tlnc'tlon,  1  kon"tra-dis-tlnk'shan;   2  eOn'tra- 

dls-tinc'shon,  re.  Distinction  by  contrary  qualities:  usually 
preceded  by  ire  ami  followed  by  to.  —  con"tra-dls-tlnct ', 
a.  -ly,  adv. -  con-tra"dls-tinc'tiv(eB,  a.  &  n.— con"ira- 
dls-tln'gulsh',  vt.  To  discriminate  by  opposite  Qualities. 
con"tra-ln'dl-cate,  1  kon"tra-ln'di-ket;  2  cim'tra-ln'dl- 
cat,  vt.  [-oat"ei>;  -cat'ing.I  Med.  To  Indicate  the  opposite 
of.  —  con"tra-iii'dl-cant,  a.  &  n.  —  con"tra-ln"dl-ca'- 

( ion,  re. 

con-tral'to,  1  ken-tral'to;  2  eon-tr&l'to,  n.    1.  The  part 

be1  ween  soprano  and  tenor.  2.  A  contralto  singer.  [It.] 
con"tra-i>o-sl'(lon,  1  ken'tre-po-zlsh'sn;  2  eon'tra  i><>  sish'- 
on,  n.  1.  Logic.  Conversion  by  negation,  or  by  changing 
the  Quality  of  the  Judgment  while  the  quantity  remains  un- 
changed; transposition.  2.  A  placing  opposite, 
con'ira-ry,  1  ken'trS-n;  2  con'tra-ry.  I.  o.  Opposite  in 
disposition,  character,  action,  or  direction;  opposing; 
antagonistic;  captious;  perverse. 

Syn.:  antagonistic,  conflicting,  contradictory,  contrasted, 
different,  discordant,  dissimilar,  Incompatible,  incongruous, 
Inconsistent,  opposed,  n|>i>oshe.  unlike.  Things  are  con- 
tradictory which  mutually  exclude  each  other,  mi  that  both 
can  not  exlsi  in  the  Bame  object  .-'i  the  Bame  tune,  us  life 
unci  dentil.    Things  are  contrary  when  the  highest  degree 

or  iiniii  can  not  exist,  in  the  Ban bled  nt  the  same  tune, 

but  where  a  middle  term  Is  possible,  partaking  of  the  quail- 
tics  of  both,  ns  wisdom  and  folly,  or  beat  and  cold.  See 
alien;  incongruous;  inimical;  imouverse. 


St,  Or;   full.  rOI.-;   lmt.  KOrn; 

II  I  I  O  ,.         ....    Ulill,  ISS 


I 

1 1 


l.ul  .lilT.-n-iit 


f ..n-lrlti   ill.  . 
I 

rl-l,u    ll'Hl 

f.ri-lrlli   ii-l. 
irlt,   u-I.-n         I. 
II 


:'.       rf. 

I.  t    the 

'.'.  n  j.rin- 

<  ..ii    lr.i-Mii  - 

•  iwn  II  in.  8. 
erlcan 

[!■'] 
I  incident. 

II.  .  ffecting 

K,  or  tbal  which 

.  on-trlb'u-th  e-1)  -. 

eon- 

i  on-lrlli'ii-lh    i 

pirit  l»- 

- 1 1  .  <  '  •  1 1  - 1  r  I '  1 1 . .  1 1 . 

tcr »:  i  ..ii  int.  -ih->«:.        .n:     ..    Ki- 

I  •   ingeniously;  devise; 

! 

.  on-trli  'a-bl  e  .        con-trl  '- 

i 

i  ..ii-lrl*  Vr,  n. 
o.n-ir..l  .  I. 

II.  I.  i   iiiii- 

.    illon ; 

( <  F. 
.'i  :  (verb) 

.  »n  -  ir..|-|  i-  i.iii- 1),    eon- trolls- bl  <- 

-""I  I  .-i.l  ■  •  ..n-ir..l  i,r,  I.  An 

.  omp-trol  left. 
.  • .  1 1  - 1  r  ■ .  I  ler-sblp, 

r..n-ir..l  line.  .  ..ii-ir..l   1 1 ■  •  n  i  . 

•   -ii  r   -l.il-M.  ■ 

<  nii"tni- 
.  on"tro-vert'l-bl  t  . 

i  on"tro-vert  '- 
1st.  a 


-ni.i-i) .    i     kan  i 

■  iu|.i  noun  disregard  "i  autlioril  *  .   in 
. -ii.!.-  ..I. -tin  i 

.  on    lii-m. ii    l-i\  : .      <-<m"l u-ni.i '- 

contumao) . 

,..n   i u-ni.i  .  ion  -i v .  .  on'  i ii-ni.i'i ious-nesi,  • 

.  on  lii-m, -l\  ,1  kon  Liu  ml  Ii;  2  ■ 

El  'I  tit  ill 

'  'I  I  linn,  /in.    n- 

.  ..ir  i ii-iui- ii-uiis,  a,    Boom- 
l  Ins,  or  Insolent      -l> . 
con-tune  ,i 

a  blow      I  -     i  .  « ith,    I 

heat,  bruise.]    ron-tu'alon,  «i      rheaotofbri 

.  oil-Ill    -l\     .      . 

... -murdrum.    1    k.i-niin'driiin ;   2    cn-nfni'di  inn,  \ 

riddle;  perplexity 

i  .in  .  i  i.n\ .Hi   oom i-iiMmm 

.  mi    .   i-l.  m  .-    .  Ill  BC1  D'*| 

i     recover  after  a  i      I,,  eon-  in- 

■  iito,  be  strong  or  well  ]     rtui"»:i-irs'- 
r.-iir.-,  n      Gradual  recoverj   from  lUneaa     con"va-les'- 

..ii-i.      .       riin"l.l-li'vrrlll.      I.O.      Kcc,  ,\  crlnr.  health  after 

sickness     II.  n.    •  )ne  «  be  clng. 

<  on-\.  i  lion.  i  ken-vek'&hsn;  3  eon-veVahon,  ».  The  ael  ol 
convoying;  dlfluslon  ol  beal  iiiroiik'h  a  liquid  or  mis  i...  mo 
Hon  of  Its  parts:  distinguished  from  conduction.  |<  I..L,> 
eon-,  w  con-i  ec  'tit  i    . 

con-vene'.  1  ken-vTn';  2  eftn-vfin',  v.    {<  on 

\  i  s'in..  ]    I.  {,    To  .•■■ill  together;  i voice.     II.  t,    To 

come  together;  assemble.    [<  1  -  ".   <  con-,  to- 

gether comi   |  nwikk.     con-vc'iia- 

i.i  i-  .        con-ven 'er,  n. 

con-Te'nlenti  v6n'y8nt,  a.    Con- 

duch  i  viceable;  suitabli  ;  com- 

modious; favorable;  timely.    [<  L.  i  .  ppr. 

I  i-  CONVENE.] 

Syn.:  adapted,  commodious,  favorable,  nt.  mini,  bandy, 
helpful,  opportune,  propel  ultable,  aulti 

fui.     See  comport  able;  expedient;   good.       Ant.:  awk- 
ward, clumsy,  Inconvenient,  superfluous,  unhandy,  unman- 
!.-.  unseasonable,  useless.     Prep.:  for  (ol  use  or  pur- 
pose  :  to  i  of  place). 

con-ve'nlence,  n.    1.  The  Btate,  time,  or  Quality  of 
convenient;  suitableness;  fitness,    'i.  Thai  wbloh  la 
lent;  thai  which  gives  ease  or  comfort,     con-ve'- 
iilcn-cy ;.    Syn.:  see  oppiikm  \m.     ron-re'iilent-ly,  adr. 
con-vent'f,  o.    I./.    To  convene:  convoke,    II.  I.    1.  To  con- 
cur: also,  to  be  convenient .    'J.  To  com  ene. 
con 'vent,  1  ken/vent;  2  eon'vSnt,  n.    A  body  of  monks 
or  nuns,  especially  the  latter,  or  the  bouse  occupied  by 
tin  in.    [  <  L.OF  conventus,  <  convenio;  see  CONVENE.] 
Syn.:  - 
con-ven'tl-cle,  1  ken-ven'tt-kl;  2  e8a-ven'ti-el,  n.     A 
religious  meeting,  especially  :i  wm-i   one  of  Scottish 
( lovenanters;  also,  the  building  in  which  such  meetings 
ar.-  held,    con-ven 'tl-cler,  n. 
con-Mii 'I  ion,  l  ken-ven'ahan;  2  eon-ven'shon,  n.    1.  A 
I  or  stated  meeting  of  delegates  or  representatives. 
..i  coming  together.    8.  General  consent,  or 
thing  established  bj   it;  a  conventionality.    4.  A 
comp  dignity  than  a  treaty.    [<  I..  consera- 

rinin  nio;  see  i  on  venb.] 
Syn.:  Bee  assembly;  company. 
con-ven 'tlon-al,  ./.    l.  Established  by  convention  or 
ii.  agreed;  stipulated;  customary;  formal.    2.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  a  convention  of  delegates,     3.  An.   Repre- 
l  according  to  artistic  convention  or  nil.-,  rather  than 

I o  nature  or  fact,  -ly,  ././'.  coll-\ cn't loli-al-|sm,  n  Re- 
gard for  conventionally  con-ven 'tlon-al-lst,  ».  con- 
\.n"ilo:i-.iri-tj ,  a  i  in  -',  pi  ]  The  Btate  ol  being  con- 
ventional; something  conventional  b  formality,  con-ven '- 
tlon-al-lze  or -lse,  vt  [-ized; -iz*ino.]  To  make  conven- 
represenl  convenl  tonally. 

con-ven 'tn-al,  1  ken-ven'cliu-al  or-tiu-al;  2  e8n-ven'- 
chu-al  nr  -lu-al.  I.  a.  1.  Belonging  to  a  convent.  2. 
( 'oiivi-ntional.    II.  n     <  Ine  «  ho  belongs  to  a  com  i  nl 

con-verge'i  1  kon-vfrrj';  2  efin-vSrg7,  v.  [i  on  i  i  bqed'; 
l.  i  To  cau  e  to  tend  toward  one 
i.oint.  II.  i.  To  tend  toward  one  point ;  come  togi  ther 
by  gradual  approach.  [<  \."'  run-,  with,  t  tergo, 
vxboi  i  con-ver'gencetn.  The  act  or  state  of  converging' 
tendency  to  converge  con-ver'gen-cyt. — con-ver'gent, 
a     Tending  to  one  point. 

riin'icr-sant,  1  ken'var-sant;  2  e8n'ver-sant,  a.  1. 
Knowing  fully;  versed:  followed  by  irith,  formerly  by  in. 
mately  acquainted,  •<•  Actively  employed;  con- 
cerned: followed  by  with  or  about.  4f-  Dwelling  long  in 
place. 


1:  o  =  final;    inhabit:    aisle;    mi  =  out;    ell;    iu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sin(7;    thin,   this.      Contrast 
189      2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  convoy 


Con"ver-sa'tion,  1  keu'Var-se'sTian^  con"ver-sa'shon,?(. 
1.  The  speaking  of  two  or  more  persons  alternately  with 
each  other;  colloquy.  2.  Intimate  association  or  inter- 
course. 3.  Diplomatic  intercourse.  4||.  Deportment. 
[F.,  <  L.  conversation-),  <  conversor;  see  converse,  v.] 

Syn.:  chat,  colloquy,  communication,  communion,  con- 
fabulation, conference,  converse,  dialog,  discourse,  inter- 
course, parley,  talk.  Conversation  (Latin  con,  with)  is,  ety- 
mologically,  an  interchange  of  ideas  with  some  other  person 
or  persons.  Talk  may  be  wholly  onesided.  Many  brilliant 
talkers  have  been  incapable  of  conversation.  There  may  be 
intercourse  without  conversation,  as  by  looks,  signs,  etc.;  com- 
munion is  of  hearts,  with  or  without  words;  communication  is 
often  by  writing,  and  may  be  uninvited  and  unreciprocated. 
Talk  may  denote  the  mere  utterance  of  words  with  little 
thought;  thus,  we  say  idle  talk,  empty  talk,  rather  than  idle 
or  empty  conversation.  Discourse  is  now  applied  chiefly  to 
public  addresses.  A  conference  is  more  formal  than  a  con- 
versation. A  dialog  may  be  real  and  informal,  but  the  word 
denotes  ordinarily  an  artificial  or  imaginary  conversation, 
strictly  of  two  persons,  but  sometimes  of  more.  A  colloquy 
is  indefinite  as  to  number,  and  generally  somewhat  informal. 
See  intercourse.  Compare  behavior.  —  Prep.:  Conversa- 
tion with  friends;  between  or  among  the  guests;  about  a  matter. 
— con"ver-sa'tion-al,  a.  Pertaining  to  conversation. 
-ly,  adv. — con"ver-sa'tion-al-ist,  n.  One  who  converses; 
an  interesting  talker.    con"ver-sa'tion-istf . 

con"ver-sa"zi-o'ne,  1  kon"ver-sa"tsi-o'ne;  2  con"vSr-sa"tsI- 
o'ne,  n.    [-ni,  1  -nl;  2  -ni,  pi.]    A  meeting  for  conversation, 

•   particularly  on  some  special  topic,  as  of  literature  or  art.  [It.] 

con-verse',  1  ken-vurs';  2  con-vers',  vi.  [-versed'', 
-verst'8;  -vers'ing.1  1.  To  speak  together  informally 
and  alternately.  2|[.  To  associate;  have  intercourse; 
commune.  [  <  L.  conversor,  live  with,  <  converto;  see 
convert,!'.]  Syn.:  see  speak. — con-vers 'a-bl(ep,  a.  Dis- 
posed to  converse ;  ready  in  conversation ;  sociable,  -ness,  n. 
— con-vers 'a-bly,  adv. — con-vers  'er,  n.  One  who  con- 
verses. 

con 'verse,  1  ken'vurs;  2  con'vers,  a.  Turned  about  so 
that  two  parts  are  interchanged;  transposed;  reversed. 
[<  L.  conversus,  pp.  of  converto;  see  convert,  v.] — con'- 
verse-ly,  adv. 

con 'verse1,  n.  1.  Conversation.  2.  Close  intercourse; 
communion;  fellowship.  Syn.:  see  conversation;  inter- 
course. 

con 'verse2,  n.  That  which  exists  in  a  converse  relation; 
an  inverted  proposition. 

con-ver'sion,  1  ken-vOr's'han;  2  eon-ver'shon,  n.  The 
act  of  converting,  or  the  state  of  being  converted,  in  any 
sense.  Syn.:  see  change. — con-ver'siv(ea,  a.  Logic.  Caus- 
ative of  or  resulting  from  conversion. 

COn-vert'd,  1  ken-vurt';  2  con-vert',  v.  I.t.  1.  To  change 
into  another  state,  form,  or  substance;  transform.  2. 
Theol.  To  turn  from  sin  or  error  to  truth  and  righteous- 
ness. 3.  Law.  To  assume  possession  of  illegally.  4. 
To  turn  from  bad  habits,  or  from  one  set  of  opinions  to 
another.  5.  Com.  To  exchange  for  value  of  another 
form.  6.  Logic.  To  infer  by  conversion.  7f-  To  cause 
to  turn.  II  ]|.  i.  To  become  changed  in  character.  [< 
L.  converto,  <  con-,  with,  +  verlo,  turn.] 
Syn.:  see  change;  reclaim. 

— con-vert'er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  converts;  espe- 
cially, a  vessel  in  which  iron  is  converted  into  steel,  con- 
ver'torj. — con-vert"i-bll'I-ty,  eon-vert 'I-bl(c-nessp,  n. 
— COn-vert'I-bl(ep,  a.  1.  Capable  of  conversion.  2.  Equiv- 
alent in  meaning;  interchangeable. — con-vert'1-bly,  adv. 

con'vert,  1  kon'vDrt;  2  kon'vert,  n.  A  person  who  has 
been  converted,  as  from  a  sinful  to  a  pious  life,  or  from 
one  opinion,  creed,  etc.,  to  another,    con'vert-itet. 

Syn.:  disciple,  neophyte,  proselyte.  The  name  disci  /tie  is 
given  to  the  follower  of  a  certain  faith,  without  reference  to 
any  previous  belief  or  allegiance;  uetiiirrrt  is  a  person  who  has 
come  to  one  faith  from  a  different  belief  or  from  unbelief.    A 

pro  1 1 i/t i  is  one  who  baa  been  led  to  accept  a  religious  system, 

Whether  with  or  without  true  faith;  a  convert  is  always  under- 
stood (0  be  a  believer.  A  nenplnili  Is  a  new  convert,  not  yet 
fully  Indoctrinated,  or  not  admitted  to  full  privileges.  The 
antonyms  apnsttilr,  pervert,  and  retiet/ailt  are  condemnatory 
names  applied  to  i  he  ii  i  it  ii  rt  by  those  w  hose  faith  be  forsakes. 

con'vex,  1  kon'veks;  2  c5n-v6ks'.  I. a.  Curving  outward 
like  a  segment  of  a  globe  or  of  a  circle;  bulging  out.  II. 
n.  A  convex  surface  or  body;  convexity.  |<  L.*  COn- 
vexus,  <  con-,  together,  +  velio,  carry.]  —  con-vex  'ed-ly, 
adv.  con'vex-lyj.— con-vex'l-ty,  n.  1.  The  state  of  being 
convex.  2.  A  convex  surface,  con-vex 'cd-ncssl;  con'- 
vex-ness  J. 

con-vex 'o-,  1  kon-veks'o-;  2  con-veks'o-.  From  convex:  a 
combining  form.— con-vex 'o»con 'cave,  a.  Convex  on  one 
side  and  concave  on  the  other.— -con-vex 'o»con 'vex,  a. 
Convex  on  both  sides;  doubly  convex. — con-vex 'o«plane", 
a.    Same  as  plano-convex. 


con-vey',  1  ken-ve';  2  con-ve',  vt.  1.  To  transport  from 
one  place  to  another;  carry;  transmit.  2.  To  communi- 
cate. 3.  Law.  To  transfer  the  title  to  or  of,  as  real 
estate.  4f-  To  conduct;  manage.  [  <  F.  convoyer,  <  L. 
con-,  with,  +  via,  way.] 

Syn.:  carry,  change,  give,  move,  remove,  sell,  shift,  trans- 
fer, transmit,  transport.  Convey,  transmit,  and  transport  all 
imply  delivery  at  a  destination;  as,  I  will  convey  the  informa- 
tion to  your  friend;  air  conveys  sound  (to  a  listener);  carry 
does  not  necessarily  imply  delivery,  and  often  does  not  ad- 
mit of  it.  A  man  carries  an  appearance,  conveys  an  impres- 
sion, the  appearance  remaining  his  own,  the  impression  being 
given  to  another;  I  will  transmit  the  letter;  transport  the 
goods.  A  horse  carries  his  mane  and  tail,  but  does  not  convey 
them.  Transfer  may  or  may  not  imply  delivery  to  another 
person;  as,  items  may  be  transferred  from  one  account  to 
another  or  a  word  transferred  to  the  following  line.  In  law, 
real  estate,  which  can  not  be  moved,  is  conveyed  by  simply 
transferring  title  and  possession.  Transport  usually  refers  to 
material;  transfer,  transmit,  and  convey  may  refer  to  immate- 
rial objects;  we  transfer  possession,  transmit  intelligence;  we 
convey  ideas,  but  do  not  transport  them.  In  the  case  of  con- 
vey the  figurative  sense  now  predominates.  Compare  carry; 
lead1. — Ant.:  cling  to,  hold,  keep,  possess,  preserve,  retain. — 
Prep.:  from  one  person  or  place  to  another. 

— con-vey  'ance,  n.  1.  The  act  of  conveying.  2.  That  by 
which  anything  is  conveyed;  a  vehicle;  a  document  trans- 
ferring title.  3t.  A  device;  artifice;  hence,  underhand  con- 
duct.— con-vey 'anc-er,  n.  One  whose  business  is  convey- 
ancing.— con-vey 'anc-ing,  n.  The  business  of  preparing 
conveyances,  including  the  investigation  of  titles. — cou- 
vey'er,  n.    One  who  or  that  which  conveys,    con-vey'ort. 

con-vict'd,  1  ken-vikt';  2  con-vict',  vt.  1.  To  prove 
guilty;  find  guilty  after  a  judicial  trial.  2.  To  awaken 
to  a  sense  of  sin.  3f.  To  defeat.  [  <  L.  convictus,  pp.  of 
convinco;  see  convince.]  Syn.:  see  condemn;  convince. — 
con-vie 'tlv(es,  a. 

con'vict,  1  ken'vikt;  2  con'vict,  n.  One  found  guilty  of 
or  undergoing  punishment  for  crime;  a  criminal. 

con-vic'tion,  1  ken-vik'slian;  2  con-vic'shon,  n.    1.  The 
state  of  being  convinced  or  convicted;  also,  in  law,  the 
act  of  convicting.     2.  A  doctrine  or  proposition  which 
one  firmly  believes. 
Syn.:  see  belief;  certainty;  faith. 

con-vince',  1  kon-vins';  2  con-vine',  vt.  [con-vinced'1; 
coN-viNC'iNG.l  1.  To  satisfy  by  evidence;  persuade  by 
argument.  2|f.  To  convict.  [<  L.  convinco,  <  con-, 
with,  +  vinco,  conquer.] 

Syn.:  convict,  persuade.  One  is  convinced  of  a  doctrine 
or  a  duty,  convicted  of  a  sin  or  crime.  One  is  convinced  by 
argument  or  evidence  addressed  to  the  intellect;  he  Is  per- 
suaded by  appeals  addressed  to  the  affections  and  the  will. 

See  PERSUADE. 

— con-vine 'I-bI(eP,  a.— con-vlnc'lng,  pa.  -ly,  adv. 
-ness,  n. — con-vince'ment,  n. 

con'vive§,  1  ken'vaiv;  2  c6n'viv,  n.  A  guest  at  a  feast;  boon 
companion. — con-vlve't,  vt.    To  feast. 

con-viv'i-al,  1  kon-viv'i-el ;  2  eon-viv'i-al,  a.  Pertaining 
to  a  feast,  especially  a  drinking«f east;  festive;  jovial.  [< 
L.  con-,  together,  +  vivo,  live.] — con-vlv"l-al 'l-ty ,  n.  [-tiesz, 
pi.]     Festive  merriment  or  joviality. — con-vlv'i-al-ly,  adv. 

con-voke',  1  kon-vok';  2  eon-vok',  vt.  [con-voked'';  con- 
voking.] To  call  together;  summon.  [<  L.  con-,  to- 
gether, +  voco,  call.]    con'vo-catet. 

Syn.:  assemble,  call,  call  together,  collect,  convene,  gather, 
muster,  summon.  A  convention  is  called  by  some  officer  or 
officers,  as  by  its  president.  Its  executive  committee,  or  some 
eminent  leaders;  the  delegates  an;  assembled  or  convened  In  a 
certain  place,  at  a  certain  hour.  Convoke  Implies  an  organ- 
ized body  and  a  superior  authority;  assemble  and  convene 
express  more  independent  action;  Parliament  Is  convoked; 
Congress  assembles.  Troops  are  mustered;  witnesses  and 
jurymen  are  summoned.  —  Ant.:  adjourn,  break  up,  disband, 
discharge,  dismiss,  disperse,  dissolve,  prorogue,  scatter, 
separate. 

con"vo-ca'tlon,  n.    1.  The  act  of  convoking.    'I.  |< '-] 
An  ecclesiastical  congress  or  council.     Syn.:  see  assembly; 

COMPANY. 

con-volv(es,  1  kon-volv';  2  con-volv',  v.  [con-volved', 
c(i\-volvd'b;  con-volv'ing.]     I.  t.    To  roll  together; 

wind  around  something;  twist;  (urn.      II.  i.     To  turn  or 
wind  upon  itself.      [  <  L.  can-,  together,  -f-  Volvo,  roll.]  — 

con'vo-lute,  a.    Rolled  one  part  on  another  or  Inward  from 

one  side.     coii'vo-lufedt;  con 'vo-ln"(lv ((•"[.     cnn"vn- 
lu'llon,  n.    1.  The  act  of  convolving.    2.  The  state  of  being 

convolved;  a  turn;  fold;  especially,  one  of  the  folds  of  the 
brain. 

con-vol'vu-lus,  l  ken-vel'vlu-lns;  2  e6n-vdl'vu-lQ8,  n.    A 

twining    herb    with    large   showy    trumpet-shaped    (lowers. 
[L.,  bindweed.) 
con-voy',  1  kon-voi';  2  eon-vdy',  vt.    To  act  as  convoy  to; 
escort  a*d  protect.    [  <  F.  convoyer,  convey.] 


i  not,  or;  full.  rOU-;  but,  bOrn; 

it.  I  i  I  .  Kft.  not,  Or.  won,         1«X> 


-I.. 


II 


William    Martin 

I.    \ 

v    murmuring 

I  i 

II.         I 

'  i  ; 

k  'let. 

II  i. 

■ 

I.  '■     lacious; 

ipproncning 

Mii'i-h.        coolly,  eool'- 

aerlcan  jurfct. 
rbomu  Mi  lot)  re 

.  laborer  or  menial. 

dm,  Boot,  or 
coomb  • 

ofine. 

or  rab- 


per-age, 

I       \III.Tl- 

!    Pi  ter  W3).an 

• 

--"it,  ri.      [-i 

ibjcct: 

!  1 

lly    by 
i  D-Op'l  r-.i"l,,r. 

'  Itch  common 
i  ■■  onglng  to 

rank, 


•l  rig,  or 
■   -or  ill-n.i-ili 

1  2.  A  stupid 

<"op  •  <  op'per:. 


■  .'i'  i  top  oi  head  of  a  tblni    I.  rh«  conical  roll  ol 

■'mile   nf   11   NpllllllllK-lliiirhllle.       I 

"I  I 
i  op  .  ■  untie     eop  .  •  oppa 

i  ,.-|i  ii  ba, 

mil ii> American  bajaun,    [8p„       Brai  eupau- 
.  » - 1 » i  1 1    .  .  o-pal  '»«). 

■  o  pal,  l  ko'pol;  :.'  oo'pal,  n,     A  hard  ii  in  pan  d 

Mi  \  .  opalii .  i <  -in  | 

■  i-pir   <■-■■. i-r\.  1     .  ■  |Mir     i  in    i  i  ,  ,  r\  ,  u     1  iui . 

-->••« -nii-ii  in  coparocni       co-par'ce-nj :. 

i..-|.ir   r.-iiiT.     I     I..  |>.  ii  '    i  n..r.  rjBr,    n        l.nu. 

■  two  it  more  p  ibi  BNBn  I 

<  1 1- 1 1  in  1 1  it.  i  ko  pdrt'nor;2  co  part  nor,  n     A  ■barer;  n 

co-part  'ner-shlp,  n 
ro'pa-taln   .        Pointed  on  Dish;  crowned:  ^:i i< i  ot  bats. 
cope,  l  i  ip;  :.'  eflp,  i     [copi  d'j  cop'rua  |    I.  i     To  oon- 
n  equal  terms;  opp  ol  ten 

withualA.    II   ■■      I hi. n.l  with;  em nter.    [<F. 

■      IB,  I  blow   ]      Syn.:  BOO  CONTBND. 

"•i|"-.        I.  Anything  that  arches  overhead;  a  coping.    2. 
\  long  mantle,  especially  one  worn  by  pnests. 
T    ii    capa,  cape.]    cope'. stone",  n.   The  top  stone  of  a 
wall;  one  ol  the  stones  ..f  a  coping. 

co'peck,  j  1  kO'pek;  2  eO'pfik,  n,    A  Russian  coin,  worth  about 

kO'pek,   |  ..in-ii:iif  of  a  cent    I  <  Rus.  iopeU.]    ko'peck;. 

Co"pen-ha'gen,  ]  kO'pn-hCgn; :_'  eO'pn  bg'gn,  "■  *  manu- 
facturing seaport  oltj   (pop   606,390);  capital  ol  Denmark, 

Co-per'nl-eus,  1  ko-pOrni-kns;  l'  co-porni-eos,  Nicholas 
1 1  )7:i  1648)  A  Polish  astronomer;  promulgated,  1648,  the 
qow  accepted  Copernlean  system,  whiob  considers  the 
sun  as  center  ..f  .mr  system.  Co-per'nt-can,  a.  Pertaining 
i..  the  astronomer  <  loperntous,  or  to  ills  system, 

Co-phet'u-a,   |    ko-fet'yu-e;  8  eo-fet'yu-a,  n.     in  Percy's 
Ing  who  marries  a  beggar  maid. 

i'op'i-cr,  i  kep't-er;  2  eop'l-er,  n.    \  copyist;  Imitator. 

ri 1 1> 'lug,  i  k6p'irj;2  efip'ing,  a.    The  top  course  of  a  wall. 

(opi-ous,  i  kS'pi-i  Ing  or  show- 

ing abundance;  ample.  (<  L.  copiotus,  <  copto,  abun- 
dance I     Syn.:  »r  a.mi'I.k. 

co'pl-ous-ly,  nttr.     eo'pl-oiis-iii'ss,  a, 

copped i  ]  kept;  2  eopt,  a.    <  onlcal;  pointed. 

Cop"pee',  l   k..-|..';  a  ••  i»'.  Btaneols  i  is-i2-ioo8).    A 
poet,  playwright,  and  novelist. 

cop'per,  1  kep'ar;  2  cdp'er.  Let.  To  cover  with  copper. 
II.  n  A  reddish  ductile  metallic  element.  Bee  blb- 
'!.  \n  article  made  of  this  metal;  specif.,  :i  vessel 
in  which  clothes  are  boiled.  [I  It  <  (Jr.  Kypros,  Cy- 
prus |  eop'per-plate",  ti.  An  engraved  plate  of  copper  or 
an  engraving  or  Impression  printed  from  It:  often  used  ad- 
jectivally, eop'per-smlth",  n.  I.  One  who  makes  uten- 
sils of  copper,  z.  Thecrlmson»breaBted 
barhet.     cop'per-y,  a,    Like  copper. 

cop'per-as,  l  fcep'ar-oa;  2  cop'er-as, 
a.  (),m    A.  green  crystalline  a-trin 
g.-nt  sulfate  of  iron.     [  <  F., 
ro»i  J    green  vlt'rl-olj. 

eop'piT-heail",  i  1    kop.'or- 

cop'per-hed"*,  jh  ed  "  ;     2  •, 
'er-hed*.  a.  1.  A  venom- 
North'American  snake. 
2.  |l     s  )  A  Northern  sym- 
pathizer with  the  Confeder- 
Jled  by  I  Inionists 
during  the  Cii  il  War. 
cop 'pice,  I  1    kep'is;  2   eop'is,  ".    A  low« 
I'op'pls'',   (growing  thieket.       [<  OF.   copeiz,  <  coper, 

<nt  ]    copse*. 
eop'rai,  I  kOP'rs;  2  efip'ra,  n.     The  dried  and  broken  kernel 

of  the  coconut,  iiiind]  cob'rat;  cop'per-aht;  cop'rabt. 
copse,]  keps;  2  cops,  n.    A  coppice.    eopse'wood"j. 
topi.   i   kept;  :.'  eopt,  n.     I.  A  native  Egyptian  descended 

from  ancient  Egyptian  stock.  2.  A  member  of  the  Coptic 
Church,  the  native  Monopliyslte  church  of  Egypt. — 
Cop 'tic,  a.  &  n. 

Copt.,  oftftr,     Coptic. 

.  op'n-la,  i  kep'yu-le;  2  eop'yu-la,  n.  f-i.As  or  -ub,  pi.] 
i  ird  thai  unites  the  subject  and  the  predicate  of  a 
trictly,  the  present  indicative  of  tin-  verb  to 
be.    1 1.  .  link.]— cop'u-lar,  a. 

eop'a-late,  1  kepVu-let;  2  eSp'yu-l&t,  ».  [-lat"ed<|; 
-i.ai"i\.,]  I./.  To  couple.  II.  i.  To  unite  in  sexual 
intercourse. — cop"u-la't!on,  n.  1.  The  act  of  coup- 
ling    Z.  Sexual  union;  coition, — cop'u-la-tlv(eH.    I.  a.    1. 

■  a)  Ing  s  copula;  uniting,  S.  Pertaining  to  copulation. 
eop'u-la-to-ryt.  II.  n,  1.  A  copulative  conjunction.  2t. 
Connection. — copulative  eonjunctlon  (drum..),  a  coordl- 

.  ■  and,  "'  o 
cop'y,  l  kep'i;  2  eop'y.    I.  vt.  Scvi     [i  op'ied;  cop'y-inq.1 
'I  o  make  a  copy  of;  reproduce;  imitate;  also,  to  admit  of 
being  copied.    II.  n.    [cop'iesz,  pi.]    1.  A  reproduction 


Copper- 
head. 


sd^- 


1:  a  =  final;    l=hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    c"hin;    go;    rj  =  sireff;    thin,    this.        Convoy 
191         2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   fudl,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   6U,  b6y;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,    tliis.  cork 


or  imitation;  duplicate.  2.  A  single  printed  pamphlet, 
book,  or  the  like,  of  an  edition  or  issue.  3.  A  pattern 
given  for  imitation,  especially  manuscript  or  other  mat- 
ter to  be  reproduced  in  type.  4t-  A  copious  quantity; 
abundance.  [<  L.F  copia,  abundance.]  Syn.:  (verb)  see 
follow;  imitate;  (noun)  see  duplicate;  image;  model; 
picture. — certified  copy,  a  copy  attested  by  an  officer 
having  charge  of  the  original.  — cop'y=book",  n.  A  book 
containing  copies  to  be  imitated  in  penmanship;  a  writing- 
book.— cop'y-er,  re.  Same  as  copier. — cop'y-graph,  re. 
A  hectograph.  [<  copy  +  Gr.  grapho,  write.]— cop 'y- 
hoid",  re.  Eng.  Law.  A  tenure  of  lands  evidenced  by  copy 
of  court  roll. — cop'y=hold"er,  re.  One  who  or  that  which 
holds  copy:  especially,  a  proof-reader's  assistant  who  holds 
and  reads  copy  for  detection  of  errors  and  omissions. — 
cop'y-lst,  re.  One  whose  business  it  is  to  copy;  also,  an 
imitator. — cop'y-rijrht".  Id.  vt.  To  secure  copyright  fur 
(a  book  or  work  of  art).  II.  re.  The  exclusive  legal  right  of 
authors  and  artists  to  publish  and  dispose  of  their  works 
for  a  limited  time. 

co-quet',  1  ko-ket';  2  co-kfeV,  v.  [co-quet'ted11;  co- 
quet'ting.]  I.  t.  To  treat  with  pretended  affection: 
deceive  with  affected  fondness.  II.  i.  To  trifle  in  love; 
treat  a  person  with  a  pretense  of  fondness.  [  <  F. 
cogueter,  strut,  <  cog,  cock1.]— co'quet-ry,  n.  [-riesz,  pl.\ 
Trifling  in  love:  also,  the  quality  of  being  coquettish. — co- 
quette', re.  A  woman  who  endeavors  to  attract  admiration 
merely  for  the  gratilication  of  vanity;  flirt.  [F]  co-quet't. 
— co-quet 'tish,  a.  Pertaining  to  a  coquette;  disposed  to 
coquet,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

co-qul'na,  1  ko-kl'na;  2  eo-ki'na,  re.  A  soft  rock  composed  of 
fragments  of  marine  shells:  used  as  building-material.    [Sp.J 

cot-,  prefix.  With;  together.  [Form 
of  com-,  before  r] 

Cor.,  abbr.    Corinthians,  Cornelia, 
Cornelius,  coroner. — cor.,  abbr.  Corner 
cornet,  corpus,  correction,  correlative 
correspondence,  correspondent,   corre- 
sponding, corrupted,  corruption. 

cor'a-cle,  1  ker'a-kl;   2  cor'a-cl,  re.    A 
small    Ashing  =  boat    of    hide    or    oil*     French  Coracle, 
cloth  on  a  wicker  frame.     [<   W.  corwgl,  <   corwg.  boat] 

cor'a-coid,  1  ker'a-keid;  2  c6r'a-c6id.  I.  a.  Shaped  like  a 
raven's  beak.  II.  re.  A  bone,  as  in  birds,  that  unites  with 
the  scapula.    [<  Gr.  korax  (korak-),  crow,  +  -oid.] 

co-ra'gio,  1  ko-ru'jo;  2  co-ra'go,  inter j.  [It.]  Courage!  co- 
rag'giot. 

cor'al,  1  ker'al;  2  cSr'al.  I.  a.  Consisting  of  or  like  coral. 
II.  n.  A  calcareous  secretion  of  various  marine  zoo- 
phytes, often  forming 
reefs  or  islands.     [F.,  < 

Gr.  korallion,  coral.]    cor'-         £»'?.$     J^^SiKS*^-*--- 
ral{.  -  coi"al-lln(es,     1         %&M  §m&Wm&  S  . 
ker'a-Iin;  2  cor'a-lin,  a.  Of,  Jfe  <X-vM     \-'"»  •//  ,K\V 
pertaining    to,    producing,  BA  .ry-.y3»        ^// /•l]'Ah\*\*s 
or    like    coral.  —  cor'al-  X-ilrf^y         2     "''4,'g 
Ioid,  a. 

co-rant',  co-ran 'to,  n.  Same 

as  COURANT. 

cor 'ban,  1  ker'ban;    2   cor'- 

ban,    n.      An   offering    to 

God,  as  in  fulfilment  of  a 

vow  (Mark  vii,  11).    [Heb.] 
cor 'bell,  1  ker'bel;  2  cor'bel, 

n.    1.  Fort.  A  gabion.       2. 

Arch.    A  sculptured  basket 

of  fruit  or   flowers.      [<  F.   corbeille,  <  L.  corbis,  basket.] 
cor'bel,  1  ker'bel;  2  cor'bel,  n.    Arch.    1.  A  bracket  pro- 
jecting from  the  face  of  a  wall.     2.  The  basket-shaped 

cushion   of  a  Corinthian   capital.     [OF.,  <   L.  corbis, 

basket.]    cor'bilj. 
cor'ble,  1  kflr'bi;  2  cor'bl,  n.    [Scot.]    A  crow;  raven.    [<L.ir 

corvus,  crow.]     cor'byt.— cor'- 

ble=crow",     n.      [Scot.]       The  3^ 

carrion-crow.  fviSrrs 

cord,  1  kord;    2   cord.    V.  vt.       wt^ 

I.  To    bind     or    secure    with      ^3 
cord;  furnish  wit,h  cords.       2.  ^T 
To  pile  firewood  by  the  cord   § 

II.  n.  1.  A  string  of  several 
strands.  2.  A  measure  for 
wood,  equal  to  128  cubic  feet. 
3.  Corduroy:  often  in  the 
plural.  4.  Anal.  A  cord'like 
structure;  as,  the  spinal  cord 
5.  Figuratively,  any  feeling 
that  draws  or  restrains:  often 
in  the  plural.  [  <  Gr.F  chorde, 
string.]— cord 'age,  n.  1.  Hopes  and  cords  collectively; 
especially,  ropes  In  the  rigging  of  a  shl|).  2.  The  amount  In 
cords,  as  of  wood,  ou  a  given  area  of  laud.— cord  'ed,  pa. 


ir- 


<  orhel-steps. 


Cordate  Leaves. 


cor'date,  1  kor'det;2  eor'dat,  a.  Bot.  Heart-shaped,  as  a 
leaf.    [  <  L.  cor,  heart.]    -ly,  adv. 

Cor"day',  lker"de';  2  cor"da',  Charlotte 
(1767-1793).  Marie  Anne  Charlotte 
Corday  d'Armans,  a  French  patriot 
who  assassinated  Marat  in  Paris,  July 
13.  1793,  and  was  guillotined. 

Cor-de'li-a,  1  ker-di'h-a  or  -dll'ya;  2 
eor-de'li-a  or  -del'ya,  n.  In  Shake- 
speare's King  Lear,  Lear's  youngest 
daughter,  faithful  to  her  father;  put  to 
death  by  her  elder  sisters.    See  Lear. 

cor 'dial,  1  ker'jal;  2  cor'jal.  I.  a.  1. 
Proceeding  from  the  heart;  exhibit- 
ing or  expressing  kindliness;  hearty; 
encouraging;    cheering.      2§.    Same 

as  CARDIAC. 

Syn.:  see  amicable;  friendly. 
II.  n.  1.  That  which  invigorates  or  exhilarates.  2.  A 
sweet  and  aromatic  alcoholic  liquor.  [  <  L.  cor  (cord-), 
heart.]—  cor-dial'i-ty,  n.  [-tiesz,  pi.]  The  quality  of  being 
cordial,  cor'dial-nesst.  Syn.:  see  warmth.  —  cor'diai- 
ly,  adv. 

cor"dil-Ie'ra,  1  ker'dil-ye'ra  or  kor-dil'ar-o;  2  cor'dil-yg'ra  or 
eor-dil'er-a,  re.  Geol.  The  entire  system  of  subparallel  moun- 
tain ranges  that  borders  a  continent.  [Sp.,  <  corda,  cord.] 
— cor"dil-le'ran,  a. 

cord  'He,  1  kord'ait;  2  eord'It,  re.  A  smokeless  explosive  com- 
pound of  cellulose  nitrate  and  vaseline.  [  <  cord,  from  its 
appearance.) 

Cor'do-ba,  1  ker'do-va;  2  eor'do-vS,  n.  1.  A  province  (5,299 
sq.  m.;  pop.  520.786)  in  Andalusia,  Spain;  also,  its  capital 
city  (pop.  66.831).  2.  A  province  (66,912  sq.  m.;  pop.  735,- 
472)  in  Argentine  Republic;  also,  its  capital  city  (pop.  134,- 
935).     Cor'do-vat.— Cor'do-van1,  a.  &  n. 

cor'don,  1  kor'dan;  2  cor'don,  n.  1.  An  extended  line,  as 
of  men,  ships,  forts,  etc.  2.  An  ornamental  lace,  cord, 
ribbon,  molding,  or  coping.    [F.] 

cor'do-van1, 1  ker'do-van;  2  cor'do-van,  re.  1.  Cordwain.  2. 
[Eng.]  Horse-hide  leather.  [Sp.,  also  cordoban;  see  cord- 
wain.] 

cor'du-roy,  1  ker'du-roi;  2  cor'du-roy,  n.  1.  A  thick  and 
durable  cotton  stuff,  corded  or  ribbed.  2.  A  corduroy 
road.  3.  pi.  [Colloq]  Trousers  made  of  corduroy.  [  < 
F.  corde  du  roi,  lit.,  cord  of  the  king.)— corduroy  road,  a 
road  made  of  transverse  logs  laid  side  by  side. 

cord 'wain,  1  kerd'wen;  2  cord'wan,  re.  Spanish  leather,  used 
In  medieval  Europe  for  the  boots  of  the  wealthy.  [<  OF. 
cordowan,  <  Sp.  cordoban,  <  Cordoba,  Cordova  (a  town  in 
Spain).]  cor'do-van2*.— cord'wain-er||,  re.  A  worker  in 
cordwain;  a  shoemaker. — cord'wain-er-y,  re. 

Cor'dy-ceps,  1  ker'di-seps;  2  cor'dy-ceps,  re.  Bot.  A  genus  of 
fungi  parasitic  on  the  larva;  of  insects  or  on  certain  sub- 
terranean fungi. 

core,  1  kor;  2  cor.  I.  vt.  [cored;  cor'ing.]  To  remove 
the  core  of.  II.  n.  1.  The  central  or  innermost  part  of 
a  thing;  heart,  as  of  an  apple  or  pear,  containing  the 
seeds.  2.  The  pith  of  a  subject.  3.  Founding.  A  solid 
form,  placed  in  a  mold,  about  which  the  metal  is  poured, 
so  as  to  be  cast  hollow.    [  <  L.OFcor,  heart.]— cor'er,  n. 

Co-re'a,n,    Same  as  Chosen.    Ko-re'aJ. 

Co"re-op'sis,  1  k5"n-op'sis;  2  eo"re-6p'sls,  re.  Bot.  1.  A  large 
genus  of  mainly  North-American  herbs  of  the  aster  family, 
with  heads  of  showy  yellow  or  rose-colored  flowers.  2. 
[c-]  A  plant  of  this  genus.  [<  Gr.  kori.s,  bedbug,  +  opsis, 
resemblance  (from  the  form  of  the  seed).] 

Co"re-spon'dent,  1  k6"n-spon'dent;  2  c6"re-spon'dent, 
n.  A  joint  respondent,  as  in  a  suit  fur  divorce. — CO"re- 
spon'den-cy,  re. 

Cor-fu',  1  kor-fii';  2  efir-fu',  re.    A  Creek  Island  In  the  Ionian 

group;  272  sq.  m.;  pop.  140,757.    Cor-cj'raJ  [Ano.]. 
co"rl-a'ceous,  1  ko'n-6'sTnjs;  2  eo'rl-a'shus.  a.    Of  a  tough 

leathery  texture.    [<  LL.  coriaceus,  <  [,.  COTium,  leather.] 
co"rl-an'der,  1  ko"n-an'(i;ir;  2  ccVri-an'der,  re.    A  plant  of  the 
parsley  family,  bearing  aromatic  seeds.    [  <  <;r>  korlanmm. 
•    torts,  bedbug.] 
Cor'lnth,  1  kor'int.h;2  eor'lnth,  re.   An  ancient  fortified  city  in 

Argolls,  Greece,  noted  for  lis  luxury.      Gulf  of  ('..  :in  :inn 

of  i he  Ionian  sea.  separating  Morea  from  N.  Greece.— 
Isthmus  of  ('.,  an  isthmus  connecting  Morea  with  n. 
Greece.  -Co-rln'thl-an.    1.  u.    1.  Pertaining  to  Corinth, 

or   to  an    order  of  architecture   marked    by   slender   Muted 

columns  with  ornate  capitals.    See  column.    2.  Luxurious; 

licentious.  II.  n.  I.  An  Inhabitant  of  (  lorlnth.  '-.'.  A  (lush- 
ing or  profligate  fellow. 

Co"rl-o-la'mis,  1  ko"n-o-le'nns;  2  coTI-o-liVnus.  Cains 
Man-Ins.      A    legendary    Roman    hero;    In    Shakespeare's 

'  'oriolanus. 
cork1,  1  kork;  2  cork.     I',  vt.    To  si..p  with  a  cork,  as  a 
bottle.    II.  «.     1.  The  light,  porous  outer  bark  of  a  tree 

(the  cork'oak  or  cor/ctree}'.  used  for  stoppers  for  bottles, 
for  floats,  etc    2-  Anything  made  of  cork  or  servin 


"■     Ar;    Mil,  rO!.';    Lilt,  l.ftrn; 

iii  i  ...  ..in.  <»■.  won. 


!'.»•> 


...L      I..  K        , 


'       • 


h  hi  *■■- 
c  '.r  m  r. 


nmk  ) 

I. 
II         I 

' 

■'    ■ 
i  i.rn     .  ..I.    . 

'  '  ho  pink  fain- 
<-<  >n  i- 

iloalcr 
'■ 

ally  and 

.        Illl-k.  -HI   ,   K. 

trade 

ilcd  in 

i  meal; 

.     Row        i  .  -inn  k,        i  be shuck 

i      ■  i  .1    .  •  Indian 

r.    Hiirill, 

i     'Ml 

moo  on 

n  tenor 
[  <  L.  c. 

.  ..r   in  -i   I.  N-"  : 

.  ■  '1  by  laying  down 
Pli  rr        I.D6-1684).    A 

-cor- 

I'ya,  n. 

•r-nr-'lT- 

'■  erman 

E*ra  tmer- 

fouoi!'      <  urn.  II  I   nhi  r  ~  1 1  >  ,    •  I 

•  k  of  horn;  of 

I.  I 

2. 
.  mop- 

irra--- 


I 
eorr.'  • 

I. 

eor'm  t-il-i.  -. 


■  l!i. 


I  bj  him;  a 

m.l  ii. I   ]       <  lir'llcl- 

■  > . 
.  ■■!  iim.        i 

cur  'nice,  I  1  I... i  in  ontal  molded 

ror'nli  .  ii  ni  the  top  "i  n  building,  "i  round 

i 

.  ..r    ill.  .  . 

<  oi  iil»li,  i  Pertaining  to  I  torn- 

'ii  ornwall. 

.  ..r    mi-,  ..   pi-.i.    1  i   ...  1. 1    a,    „. 

i.     ;  ;  .    born   ol 

pi    o     rid 

.'.    \    |  . i ..  r  ..r  cardboard 

In. tn  for  holding  oandii  -     1 1  I    . 

I     cornu,   hoi  a,  -i    ..i 

indanoe,  pleat)  I   cor*iiu- 

r«i  pi 

.  ..--uiiir'.  i    ker-nldt';   8  eor-nOt',  a. 
I.  ii. i\  Ing  iinriis  iir  a  horn«llke  proe- 

appendage.     'I.  Hhapod  III  "ll:l  '"' 

horn.    |-  i..  cornutut,  ■    cornu,  horn.]    cor-nift'cdt. 
Corn 'wail,   l   kOrn'wfil;  :.'  corn'wal.n.     \  county  ol  s.  \v. 

i      ,9  Bq.  m.;   pop    I  18.000 
i  <irn-»:ii  'in.  i  kftn  Charles,  Marquis 

•■i  in;  Burrendcrcd 

I  ICI     19,  17M. 

coral.,  coroll.,  illary. 

<  i>-n>ri;i,  1  !  inner  circle 

■  of  leavesofa  Bower, composed  of  petals.  [L., dim 
of  c  mma,  crown.]    cor'olt. 
cor'ol-la-ry,   1  ker'e-le-n  «r  (Brtf.)ko-rel'B-n;  2  e6Vo- 

UV-rj  •  "-r.M'a-ry,   n.     [-HIES*,   /./ )      1.   A   ... li- 

ne.-;   obvious  deduotion.     ISf.  Something  super- 
fluous; surplus.    |<  L.  coroliartum,  prioe  ol  a  >■  a 
eo-ro/na,  l  ko-rfi'naj 2  eo-rfi'na,  n.    [-nab1  ..r  --.  i     p   |   I. 
A  garland  or  wreath:  among 
the  ancient  Greeks   and   K.>- 
ni.iiiM  given  as  a   reward   for 
distinguished  achievements.  !!• 
i       i  in  ijecting  brow  •  ■  i  a 
cornice,  3.  Biol.  A  cri >>.. 
pari,  structure,  or  proi 
the  crow  n  of  the  head.    I.    \ 
luminous  circle  around  one  of 
the    heavenly   bodies;   specif- 
ically,   their    regular 
-  :  light   se<  ii 
in  dui  ing  a  total  i 
loosely,  any  hali >.     I.  .  crown.] 
cor'o-nal.  i.n.    Of  or  pertain- 
ing to  a  corona  or  halo,  or  to  i  be 
d  of  the  in  ad.     II.  n.     A 
crown  or  garland,  cor'o-na-rj  :. 

coronal  or  coronarj  suture, 

the  suture  between   the  frontal  Holar  '  '""""•''■ 

and    the    two    parietal   bones  of  the   skull.      cor"o-na'- 

iion,  •».     The  act  or  ceremony  of  crowning  a  monarch. 

cor  o-nacli,  1  kor'o-naH.  'Z  I  OT'O-naH,  n   I  ormerly,  In  Scotland 

and  Ireland,  a  dirge,  u.s  for  a  chieftain.  (•    Gael,  eoranaet.] 
Co"ro-nel',  l  k0*ro-nel';2  e6'ro-neT,  n.    A  Chilean  seaport, 
oSwl  :i  Admiral  Von  Bpee  defeated  the  British 

under  Sir  <  Ihrlstopher  <  Iradock,  .Nov.  l.  1914. 
eor'o-ner,  1  ker'o-nsr;  L'  .-or  'o-ner,  n.    An  officer  who  in- 
quires into  the  cause  of  sudden  oi     iol  at  death     1 1'".] 
cor'o-net,  l   kor'o-ni't;   2  efir'o-nSt,  n.     1.  An  inferior 


8  7  8 

British  Coronets. 

■  ofWlla.    2.  YminijerSon  »n.l  Ilr  r«l    8.  Nephew, 

etc.,  ot  the  Blood  Raj*L     4.  ln.ke.    6.  Mu^uij.    0.  Eaxl.    7.  Vleo.unt.     H.  Biron. 

crown,  denoting  noble  rank  less  than  sovereign;  any 
chaplef  or  wreath  for  the  head.  2.  The  upper  margin  of 
a  horse's  hoof.    [  <  OF.  caronette.] 


l:a  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    tj  =  sifip;    thin,   this. 
193         2:  wQlf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


cork 
corset 


Co"rot',  1  ko"ro';  2  eo"ro',  Jean  Baptlste  Camille  (1796- 
1S75).    A  French  landscape-painter. 

cor'po-ral,  1  ker'po-ral;  2  cor'po-ral,  a.    1.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  the  body  as  opposed  to  the  mind;  as,  corporal 
punishment.      2§.  Corporeal.     [  <  L.  corporalis,   <  cor- 
pus (corpor-),  body.]     Syn.:  see  physical. 
— cor"po-ral'i-ty,  re. — cor'po-ral-ly,  adv. 

cor'po-ral,  re.  The  lowest  non-commissioned  officer  in  a 
company  of  soldiers. 

cor'po-rate,  1  ker'po-rit;  2  eor'po-rat,  a.  Incorporated 
or  belonging  to  a  corporation.  [  <  L.  corpus,  body.] 
eor'po-ra-tiv(e9t.— cor'po-rate-ly,  adv.  1.  As  a  corpo- 
rate body.  2.  In  the  body:  bodily. — cor"po-ra'tion,  re.  A 
body  of  persons  legally  associated  for  the  transaction  of 
business.  Syn.:  see  association. — cor'po-ra"tor,  n.  A 
member  of  a  corporation. 

cor-po're-al,  1  ker-po'n-al;  2  cor-po're-al,  a.  Having  a 
body;  of  a  material  nature;  physical:  opposed  to  im- 
material, mental,  or  spiritual.  [<  L.  corporeus,  <  corpus 
(corpor-),  body.]    Syn.:  see  physical. 

— cor-po're-aI-ism§,  re.  Materialism. — eor-po're-al- 
Ist.  re. — eor"po-re'l-ty,  re.  Existence  in  the  body;  material 
existence;  materiality.  cor-po"re-al'i-tyj;  cor-po're-al- 
nesst.— eor-po're-al-ly,  adv.  In  or  relating  to  the  body; 
bodily  . 

cor'po-sant",  1  ker'po-zant";  2  cor'po-gant",  n.  A  globular 
electric  light,  sometimes  seen  on  a  spar  of  a  ship  in  storms; 
St.  Elmo's  fire.  ,[<  Pg.  corpo  sanlo,  holy  body.] 

corps,  1  kor;  2  cor,  n.  1.  A  number  of  persons  acting  to- 
gether; a  section  of  an  army;  a  special  military  depart- 
ment. 2f.  A  human  body.  [F.,  <  L.OF  corpus,  body.] — 
corps  de  garde,  1  kor  da  gcird;  2  cor  de  giird,  a  body  of 
men  on  guard,  or  the  post  occupied  by  them. 

corpse,  1  kerps;  2  corps,  n.  A  dead  body,  as  of  a  human 
being.    [<  F.  corps;  see  corps.]    Syn.:  see  body. 

cor'pu-lent,  1  ker'piu-lent;  2  cor'pu-lent,  a.  Having  a 
great  excess  of  fat;  very  fleshy.  [F.,  <  L.  corpulentus, 
fleshy,  <  corpus,  body.] 

Syn.:  adipose,  burly,  fat,  fleshy,  gross,  obese,  plethoric, 
portly,  pursy,  stout.  —  Ant.:  bony,  emaciated,  gaunt,  lean, 
poor,  skinny,  slight,  spare,  thin. 

— cor'pu-lence,  re.  cor'pu-len-cyj. — cor'pu-lcnt-ly, 
adv. — cor'pu-lent-ness,  re. 

cor'pus,  1  ker'pus;  2  cor'pus,  n.  [-po-ra,  1  -po-rs;  2-po-ra, 
pi.]  1.  A  body.  2.  Lair.  (1)  A  material  object;  especially, 
a  corporeal  property.  (2)  The  elements  or  facts  of  a  case 
considered  collectively.     [L.] 

cor'pus-cle,  1  kSr'pus-1;  2  cor'ptis-l,  n.  A  minute  parti- 
cle or  body;  a  cell;  atom.  [<  L.  corpusculum,  dim.  of 
corpus,  body.]  cor'pus-eule}.  Syn.:  see  particle. — 
cor-pus'cu-lar,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  made  up  of  cor- 
puscles; molecular. 

corr.,  corrup.,  abbr.    Corrupted,  corruption. 

cor-ra'di-ate,  1  ke-re'di-et;  2  oo-ra'di-at,  vt.  [-at"ed<>; 
-at"ing.]    To  converge  to  a  focus,  as  rays  of  light. 

cor-ral',  1  ko-ral';  2  co-ral'.  I.  vt.  [cor-ralled';  cor- 
ral'ling]  [Western  U.  S.]  To  drive  into  and  enclose 
in  a  corral;  pen  up.  II.  n.  An  enclosed  space  or  pen  for 
live  stock.     [Sp.] 

cor-rect',1  ko-rekt';2co-rSet'.  \A.vt.  1.  To  set  straight; 
remove  faults  or  errors  from;  make  right;  rectify.  2.  To 
remove,  as  an  error;  remedy.  3.  To  chastise;  punish. 
4.  To  point  out  the  mistakes  of;  set  right. 

Syn.:  see  amend;  chasten;  reclaim. 
II.  a.     Free    from    fault    or    mistake;    true,   right,   or 
proper;  accurate.      [<  L.  correctus,  pp.  of  corrigo,    < 
con-,  together,  +  rego,  rule.] 

Syn.:  accurate,  decorous,  exact,  faultless,  perfect,  precise, 
proper,  right,  true.   See  exact;  perfect;  precise;  RIGH  i 
Ant.:  erroneous,  false,  faulty,  Inaccurate,  Incorrect,  wrong. 
— cor-rcct'a-bKc,  eor-rect'i-hl(e'\  a.— cor-rec'tlon, 

re.     1.  The  act  of  correcting  or  set  t  inu  right;  rectification; 

emendation.    2.  That  which  is  offered  as  an  Improvement. 

It.  The  act  or  process  of  disciplining  nr  el  i.'i  sterling,    cor-rcc '- 

clout,     cor-reo'tion-al.    I.  a.    Tending  to  or  Intended  for 
correction.    II.  n.    A  house  of  correction.     cor-rt'c'tlv(t'H. 
I.  a.    Adapted  to  correct.    II.  ra.    That  which  has  power  or 
tendency   to  counteract  anything  wrung  or   Injurious. 
cor-reci'ly,  adv.    cor-rect'ness,  n.    cor-rcc 'tor,  n, 
Cor-reg'glO,  1  kor-rej'o;  2  tor-reg'o,  Antonio  Allegrl  (1494 
1534).     An   Italian  painter. 

cor-reg'1-dor,  l  ke-rej'i-dor  or  (X/>.)  ke-rCht-thor';  2  e0-r6g'- 

i-dor  or  (S/>.)  (■o-re"iri-thor',  n.  1.  The  chlel  magistrate  Of  a 
Spanish  town.  2.  in  Spanish  America,  a  similar  magistrate 
whose  jurisdiction  extends  over  part  of  a  province.    [Sp., 

I.    ton  (00,  CORRECT.] 
cor'rei,  n.    Same  as  CORRIE. 

cpr"re-late',  1  kerVlSt';  2  e6Ve-lat',  vt.  &  pi.  [-lat'ed; 
-lat'ing]  'I'd  put  or  be  in  relation,  especially  in  recip- 
rocal relation.     [  <  coit-  +  L.  rclalus;  see  relate.]— 


cor're-late,  1  kor'i-let;  2  c&r'e-lat,  a.  &  re. — cor"re-la'tlon, 
n. — cor-rel'a-tiv(es,  a.  &  re.    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

cor"re-spond 'd,  1  ker"i-spend';  2  c6r"e-spond',  vi.  1.  To 
be  adequate  or  proportioned;  be  equal  or  like.  2.  To 
hold  communication  by  means  of  letters.  [  <  L.F  cor-, 
together,  +  respondeo,  respond.] 

cor''re-spon'dence,  1  kor"i-spen'dens;  2  cor"e-spon'- 
dgnc,  re.  I.  Mutual  adaptation;  congruity;  agreement. 
2.  Communication  by  letters;  also,  the  letters  them- 
selves. cor"re-spon'den-cyi.  Syn.:  see  intercourse. 
— cor"re-spon'dent.  I.  a.  1.  Having  correspondence; 
adapted:  with  to.  2t.  Obedient.  Syn.:  see  synonymous 
II.  re.  One  who  communicates  with  another  by  mail  or 
telegraph.— cor"re-spon'slv(es§,  a. 

Cor"re-spond 'ing,  1  kerVspond'in ;  2  c6r"e-spond'ing, 
pa.  1.  Correspondent;  being  similar  and  similarly 
placed:  with  to.  2.  Carrying  on  a  correspondence:  fol- 
lowed by  with.  Syn.:  see  synony'mous. — cor"re-spond'- 
ing_-ly,  adv. 

cor'ri-dor,  1  ker'i-dor;  2  cor'i-dor,  n.  A  wide  gallery  or 
passage  in  a  building.    [F.] 

cor'rle,  1  kor'i;  2  <6r'i,  re.  [Scot.]  A  hollow  or  recess  in  the 
side  of  a  hill  or  at  the  head  of  a  valley.  [<  Gael,  corrach, 
steep.]    cor'relj. 

cor'ri-gi-bl(ep,  1  kor'i-ji-bl;  2  cor'i-gi-bl,  a.  Capable  of 
being  corrected.  [  <  L.  corrigo;  see  correct.] — cor"ri- 
gi-bil'i-ty,  n.    coi-'ri-gi-bl(e-nessPi.— cor'ri-gi-bly, acr>. 

cor-ri'val,  1  ke-rcii'val;  2  co-rl'val.  I.  a.  Emulous.  11$.  n. 
A  rival.    [<  L.  corrivalis,  <  cor-,  together;  and  see  rival.] 

cor-rob'o-rant,  1  ko-rob'o-rant;  2  co-rob'o-rant.  I.  a.  Hav- 
ing the  power  to  impart  strength;  invigorating.  II.  re. 
Something  that  imparts  strength;  tonic. 

cor-rob'o-rate,  1  ke-reb'o-ret;  2  co-rob'o-rat,  vt.  [-rat"- 
EDd;  -rat"ing.]  To  strengthen,  as  conviction;  confirm. 
[<  L.  cor-,  together,  +  robur  (robor-),  strength.]— Syn.:  see 
confirm;  ratify.— cor-rob"o-ra'tIon,  n.  The  act  of  cor- 
roborating; confirmation;  that  which  corroborates. — cor- 
rob'o-ra-tlv(e»,  a.  Tending  to  confirm;  verifying,  cor- 
rob'o-ra-to-ryj. 

cor-rode',  1  ke-rod';  2  co-rod',  v.  [-ROD'EDd;  -rod'ing.] 
I.  t.  To  eat  away  gradually;  rust.  II.  i.  To  become 
corroded.  [  <  L.  cor-,  together,  +  rodo,  gnaw.] — cor- 
ro'dent.  I§.  a.  Having  power  to  corrode.  II.  re.  A  cor- 
rosive.— cor-rod'i-bl(eP,  a.  cor-ro'sl-bKePJ:.— cor-ro'- 
sion,  re.  An  eating  or  wearing  away;  gradual  decay. — cor- 
ro'siv(e3.  I.  a.  Having  the  power  of  corroding.  II.  re. 
That  which  corrodes:  a  corroding  agent. — corrosive  subli- 
mate, mercuric  chlorid,  a  white  crystalline  poisonous  com- 
pound formed  by  subliming  a  mixture  of  salt  and  mercuric 
sulfate.— cor-ro'slv(e-lys,  adv.— cor-ro'siv(e-nesss,  re. 

cor'ru-gant,  1  kor'u-gant;  2  cor'u-gant.  I.  a.  Having  the 
power  of  corrugating.    II.  re.  Med.  A  styptic  or  astringent. 

cor'ru-gate,  1  ker'u-get;2  cor'u-gat.  1.  vt.  &  vi.  [-gat"- 
EDd;  -gat"ing.]  To  contract  into  alternate  ridges  and 
furrows;  wrinkle.  II.  a.  Contracted  into  ridges  or 
folds;  wrinkled,  cor'ru-gaf'edt.  [<  L.  cor-,  together, 
+  rufja,  wrinkle] — cor"ru-ga'tlou,  re.  The  act  of  corru- 
gating: a  wrinkle. 

cor-rupt'd,  1  ke-rupt';  2  eo-rupt',  v.  I.  t.  To  subject  to 
decay;  spoil;  also,  to  vitiate;  deprave;  pollute;  iiervert, 
as  by  bribery.     11./.     To  become  rotten;  putrefy. 

Syn.:  contaminate,  debase,  denle,  deprave,  deteriorate,  pol- 
lute, putrefy,  spoil,  vitiate.  See  decay;  defile;  pervert; 
pollute;  putrefy.  —  Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  amend. 

— cor-rupt'er,  cor-rup'tor,  n. — cor-rupt" l-Ssll'l-ty, 
re.  The  quality  of  being  corruptible.--  cor-rupt 'i-bl(ep,  a. 
That  may  be  corrupted;  subject  to  decay. — cor-rupt 'I- 
bl(e-nessc,  «.— cor-rupt'I-bly,  adv.  cor-rup'H\  (<•«,  a. 
Of  a  corrupting  character. — cor-rupt'less,  a.  Incorrupt- 
ible. 

cor-rupt',  a.  1.  In  a  state  of  decomposition;  tainted; 
putrid.  2.  Of  a  perverted  character;  given  to  bribery; 
dishonest;  depraved.  [<  L.  cor-,  together,  +  rumpo, 
break. I  Syn.:  see  had;  immoral;  rotten.  —  cor-rupt'ly, 
adv. — cor-rupt 'ness,  re. 

cor-rup'lion,  1  ke-rup'sTien;  2  co-r&p'shon,  n.  1.  The 
act  of  corrupting,  or  the  state  of  being  corrupted.  2.  A 
corrupting  influence,  as  bribery. 

COTS.,  abbr.     Corsica.  [woman's  dress.      [F.] 

cor 'sage,  1  cer'sij;  2  cdr'sag,  ».    The  bodice  or  waist  of  a 

cor'sair,  1  ker'sar;  2  cdr'sar,  n.  A  pirate;  also,  his  vessel. 
[<  Pr.F  corsarl,  <  L.  CttrstlS,  COURSE.] 

corse,  l  kers;  2  edrs,  n.  I.  A  ribbon  used  for  vestments. 
2!|.    A  corpse.    |<  OF.  cors,  body.] 

cor.  sec.  abbr.    <  Jorrespondlng  secretary, 

corse'let,  1  kers'let;  2  e6rs'18t,  n.  I.  Antiq.  The  com- 
plete armor  of  a  soldier;  also,  a  breastplate.  2.  The 
thorax  of  an  arthropod,    [F.]    cors'lct|. 

cor'set,  1  ker'set;  2  cdr'set,  n.  I.  A  olose«fitting  laced 
bodice,  worn  as  an  undergarment  by  women.  '.']  \ 
medieval  garment  fitting  closely  to  the  body.     [OF.] — 


I 
1 


I  ,  ..       ..     or;  full.  rOle:  Int.  I.flrn; 

,  ,      i         i  i  ••    not.  or.  w6u. 


r..r    >ln   i 


I    (I.  nl 


■ 

,  ..r    l  I    .    ii.  . 
,  ..r    ll-..,-,  . 
I    .    .,,- 
».  ru.n.l..      USS    1547  \ 

N     W 

i, 

jr.in./, 

. 

.  ..-ru -   .  Bill,  •  or    u 

oti  I  lent  Inn  to 
item  of 

i  ..r  rel 
1)1  ..r  |MTtaining  to  a 

■  n  1 

:  -ban'- 

.  i.-  in  ancient 

I     Willi     Willi      • 

,..r    v-li  in    ll-.in.  i  ■■■r  "\  - 1».»  ii    ll> 

■  imon  name  In 

.iii'l  Spenser. 

topped  ..r  con- 

,..r>m:.      ror->m'lio*e,     I       ciir->in'- 

\  t..ill.t-.l:iTir.T.     [F  ] 
■ 

dMnr.    -..  [gether, 

i  ■  i  ling  id- 


194 

l< 


,-«en'shcnt,  a. 


■ 

r.,«M   .  r 

.«c.    1    kill 


II 


i      rofi  'ii  with 

Idle;  pet.    II.  I. 

from.     [<    lr 
■ ..- Ii  '.r-liiic.  n  [zlert. 

<o'- 
ral  rela- 
•uuilty.     [OF.) 

I.        P  rtaining 
i  ii  —  mi  I  'i-«-;il;. 
kin  tn  improve  il  i 
■  iit  ] 

• ...  inn  .  to  i  he  uni- 

<  ii-'inl- 

ril  <■•-   ill  t-«  il-l 

ogy. 

■ 

i(  evolution, 
r...  'mn-,  order; 

i  "-- It'o-ll)  . 

-»-..o  Ii  .          i  i.-iinn'ii-nil .:  eofl'mo- 
gmm  -iihiK'ii-iiI-I.  i.i  — if  'r;i-[»ll>  .     n 

Including  oMtron- 

III—  iiiok'- 
•     --iiiiiK  r  i-phl-i    .     i  <■-" im>-icr.i|ili  'lc,  n 

-it  ipli  I-.  il        i  '.  - I'o-m  .    n 

.  mo-logic :.     in— 

mul  H-«l- 1 

-  •  .  ■    -  •  i  ■  i  pfil'i- 
l                                                  i.  nol  local  or  lim- 

rld;  widely  ili-tnl.- 
II.  ol  the  world      co- 

in.,, 

-  .  '  i  ,  •  '         different 
par* 

i .,-  ■|n..-r mi   I.  . 

ra»'ni'. 

tm  a  it;  any  har- 


r»-f 


i.  mi. I  complete  lyatein;  order;  harmony, 
order  I 

i  ,.—  .  [I- 1    i  uW 

,  ..,,...■       i  me  nt  a  race  In   Itussla. 

irinv. 

i .  I  .  .  I      I  •■  fi  M.ii.  .  pel     II.  n 

\  |  ,  i  ;  unb;  any  i"  t 

,  ,,    I  .  I.  ,  .         'ivi|  ]  — 

i    i  price;  oauee  the  expenditure  or  Ion  of,  as 

,.:  hi.      it.  •      i.  1 1.,  price  paid  lot  anything;  outlay; 

'■.    i  uffi  ring     deti  imenl      '■*■ 

i  fixed  bj  law  "I  allowed  by  ill mi 

iwsuil     I-    I.  "  "  I-""*'' '.  •    eon-, together,  +  *to, 

1,  .   .      I    M'l    \   -I  11(1.    I 

■    ■       Mi     1  -II  ;  2  -tf\  />/  I     A  rlh  or  n 

riii-HKr  structure,  part,  m  marking.    [L„  rib.]    eos'tal,  a. 
.  oa'tate,       cos'ta-tedf. 
,,,-  i.ini-.        I  kind  of  apple;  humorously,  the  head.   [<  L. 

eotta,  nil  | 
»  ..-  i.i  ki'i-.i.  1  kea'te  rfke;  8  eoa'ta  rt'ea     A  republic  (28,- 

000  eq  in.,  pop  430,700)  of  Central  America;  capital,  Ban 

[doubles. 
,,.,1,  •.  i..  seek  in  head  orr  Quarry  when  u  iwervei  or 

c<>*'tcr-iiion"gcr,   1    kiis'i,.r-iinu)'niir.  2   los'ler-mon'uiT.  n. 

i  me  ..f  the  street  turn  ker*  ol  frulte,  vegetables,  etc  .  as  in  the 
i  mi  of  London.    «-n> 'iiir«i-iii«in"u<T ; ;  eos'tert.— 

,  ,.*  tiT-lxi)  ",  n. 

cos 'il\  «•  ,  l  kes'trv;  2  eoVtiv,  "  Constipated.  [  <  <  IF. 
I  -1) ,  adv.   -ni'>>,  ii 

cost  'l>.  1  ke8t'h;2  e6flt1y,  a,  I.  Of  great  ooel  ;  expensive. 
■.*.  [Poet  ]  Splendid;  gorgeous  3s.  Freehanded;  lav- 
ish.   s.vii.:  see  choicb.    cost'U-neas,  n.    eost'ly,  adv. 

cost ' ■  ■  ■ : i - r > .  i  kest'mfi-n;  2  eoat'ma>ry,  n.  a  fragrant  south- 
ern European  herb,  BomeUmes  used  as  a  salad.  [<  L,  cos- 
plant  '  lary.]  [\v.| 

rns'irii  ,  l  kes'trel;2  eos'trel,  n.    A  Oask  or  bottle  with  r:irs 

riis'liinir.  i  i...  i  linn ;  2  efis'tum,  n.  The  garments,  col- 
lectively, worn  nt  one  time;  dress,  especially  of  a  coun- 
try, period,  class,  etc.  [F,<  I..1'1'  riilimirtllilii,  i  I  MUM  ] 
Syn.:  Bee  OBBSB.  ons-tunii'',  aJ,-  cos-tu'mer,  n.  One 
who  makes  or  furnishes  costumes  for  stage  wear  or  fancy 
dress      <iis"tu"mler't. 

co's)  ,  a.    Same  as  i  ozv. 

cot,  1  kiii;  2  e8t,  "     1.  A  cottage.    2.  A  light,  portable 
bedstead,    '.i.  A  fiugemBtalL    1  <  AS.  cote,  cot.] 
Syn.:  see  BOtJBB;  hut. 
eot.,  a&or.   Cotangent. 

en-tan 'Kent.  n.    Sec  co-1.  [cotquean. 

cot'lict"!},  1  kot'bet"i;2  cOt'befy,  n.  [-tif.s^.  pi.)  [U.S.]  A 
ruti-     ■,  1  k0t;2  cOt,  rt.    To  ro  around  by  the  side  of;  pass  by. 

1  1'.  cOtoi/cr,  <  L.  costa,  side.) 
rote",  rt.    To  Quote. 

cotef  1  kot;  2  cot,  n.    A  sheepfold,  or  a  place  of  shelter: 

used  chiefly  in  compounds.  I  <  AS.  cote,  cot,  den.] 
c6"tc-ictte',  ]  k0"te-let';2e6'te-let',  n.  a  cutlet,  [k.j 
co-tem"po-ra'ne-ous,  co-tem'po-ra-ry,  etc.      See  con- 

TEMPOBAinOUB,  etc. 
co"U'-rit'',  1  kr>"ta-ri';  2  co"to-re',  rt.    A  set  of  persons  who 

meet  habitually;  a  clique.    [F.]    Syn.:  see  class. 
<■■■- 1  it  'ml-  nous.  a.     Same  as  conterminous. 
co-tliur'nus,  1  ko-tliur'nu.s;  •>  eo-thur'nOS,  n.    [-HI,  1  -nal;  2 

-ni.///.]   Gt.  &  Rom.  Archeol.    A  buskin;  hence,  tragedy.  |i..l 
co-Ill 'lion,   1   kn-til'yfn;  2  co-tll'yon,   ".     1.  A  sijuare 

dance;  quadrille,    IS.  The  music  for  such  a  dance.    3.  A 
,.t  round  dances;  the  german.     [<  F.  cotillon,  < 

iii    cote;  see  coat,  ».]   co-tll'lont. 
Co"to-pax'l|   1   kO'to-paks'I;  2  cO'to-pfiks'I,  n.     A   volcano 

19,613  ft  .i  m  fScuador. 
cot'quean",  1  knt'kwln";  2  efifkwSn',  n.    A  man  who  med- 

dleswltb  affairs  thai  belong  to  women.    [<  cor  +  qi  ■  t»  I 

eotS'WOldi  1  kiits'wulil;  2  lots'wolil.  n.     A  WOld.  or  stretch  ol 

open  countrj  .  used  tot  Bheep«graslng  and  marked  by  sheep- 

cotes;  i   pedall]  [<    |,  a  range  of  low  hlUs  In  Gloucestershire, 

England,  noted  for  an  excellent  breed  of  sheep.    [  <  cots,  pi. 

-   wi  ild,  open  country.] 

cot'tage,  1  kot'ij;  ~z  i-.ii'mi',  a.     1.  A  bumble  dwelling) 

[house.    'I.  [U.S.]  An out»of*town residence, often 

ind  sumptuous.     [<  cot.]    Syn.:  sec  house;  hut.— 

eot'tag-er,  n.    The  occupant  of  a  cottage. 
ciit'ler,    1    ket'er;    2  eot'er,  n.    A   cottaKer;    farm    tenant 

■  nl   tar;;  cot'tl-er*..  [tot'ter-elt. 

cot  'ter-,  ;,     A  key  or  wedge,  as  to  fasten  a  wheel  on  Its  shau. 

eot'tlse,  1  kni'is.2  ioi'Is.  «.  Her.  A  small  bend .—  -cot'tlsed.a. 

eot'to-lene,  1  ket'o-lln;  2  c0t'o-l6n,  n.     A  derivative  of  cot- 

i.  used  as  a  substitute  for  lard.     (<  cotton,  «.,  + 

I.,  oh  urn.  oil.] 
cot 'ton',  1  kot'n:  2  cOt'n,  v.     I.  I.    To  wrap  up  In  cotton; 

bence,  to  pet;  coddle.    II.  1.    To  rise  with  a  nap,  as  cotton 

cloth. 
cot 'ton',  if      1.  To  agree;  unite  closely;  suit.     2.  [c:olloq.) 

i ..  become  friendly:  followed  by  to  or  with.    3t-  To  go  right; 

succeed. 


l:a  =  final;    l=  habit;    aisle;    ail  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    Cllin;    go;    0  =  smo;    fliin,    this.  Corsica 

195  2: wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem; -ink;   thin,   this,  counterfeit 


cot 'ton,  n.  1.  The  soft,  fibrous  material  appendant  to 
the  seeds  of  a  plant  (the  cotton-plant) ;  also,  the  plant 
itself,  or  cotton«plants  collectively.  2. 
Cotton  cloth  or  thread.  [  <  Ar.sP+F 
qutun,  cotton. ]— cot'ton=gln",  n.  A_ 
machine  used  to  separate  the  seeds  from\ 
the  fiber  of  cotton.  See  gin. — 
cot'ton-seed", n.  Theseedofthe 
cotton-plant.  —  cot'ton  -  seeds 
meal",  n.  Cottonseed,  ground 
after  expressing  the  oil:  used  in 
feeding  cattle,  and  as  a  fertilizer. 
— cot'ton-seed  =o!l",  n. — cot'ton-tail", 
n.    The  common  gray  rabbit. — entree,  n. 

1.  [U.  S.l    The  cottonwood.     2.  [E.  Ind.l 
A  tree  which  produces  the  silk»cotton  used 
in  cushions,  etc. — c.=waste,  n.    The  ref- 
use of  cotton=manufacture,  used  to  clean 
machinery  and  as  packing  for  axle-boxes, 
etc. — cot'ton-weed",  n.      Cudweed  or 
everlasting:   any  one  of  various  species. 
c.=roset.  -  cot'ton-wood",    ?i.      Any     Cottonsplant. 
one    of    several     American     species    of         .    .  „      ,   . 
poplar.  —  c.=wooI,   n.       Raw   cotton.—     "' t^"i"adj '" 
cot'ton sworm",   n.       The  larva   of   a  p 

moth,  very  damaging  to  the  eotton=crop. — cot'ton-y,   a. 
cof'y-le'don,  1  ket"i-ll'dan;  2  cot"y-le'don,  n.    A  seed= 

leaf,  or  first  leaf  of  an  embryo.     [  <  Gr. 

kotyledon,   socket.] — cot"y-led'o-nous,  a. 

Of.  pertaining  to,  or  like  cotyledons,    cof'y- 

led'o-nalj. 
couch1,  1  kuueli;  2  couch,  v.     I.  t.    1.  To 

cause  to  lie  or  recline;  lower,  as  a  spear, 

for    attack.    2.    To    express,    imply,   or 

conceal  in  a  form  of  words. 

3.   Surg.  To    remove  (as  a 

cataract).      II.    t.     To   lie 

down;  rest;  crouch.    [<  F. 

coucher.] 
couch,  n.     1.  A  structure  on 

which  to  rest  or  sleep,  as  a 

bed  or  other  support;  also, 

a  long  seat  or  lounge.     2. 

Any  place  for  repose,  as  the 

lair  of  a  wild  animal,  etc 
couch'ant,    1   kautfh'ant;   S  ?h 

couch'ant,     a.       1.     Lying 

down.     2.  Her.  Reclining  with  head  uplifted.     [F.] 
couch '=grass",  1  kaucTi'=grus";2  couch'=gras",  n.    A  perennial 

grass  multiplying  injuriously  in  cultivated  grounds  by  its 

long  rootstocks.    [Cor.  of  quick=grass.]     quick  'sgrass"}; 

qultch'=grass"f,.  (ornithologist,  author,  and  editor. 

Coues,  1  kauz;  2  coug,  Elliott  (1842-1899).     An  American 
cou'gar, lku'gar;2cu'gar,n.  Thepumaorpanther.  [<S.= 

Am.  cuguacuara.] 
cough',  )  1  kef;  2 
Cofp,        S  cof,  v.    I. 

t.    1.  To  expel  by 

a  cough:  with  up. 

2.  To  produce 
(some  result)  by 
coughing.  II.  i. 
To  expel  air  from 
the  lungs  in  a 
spasmodic  or 

?Joisy       manner.  Cougar.     >/t>o 

[Imitative] 

cough,  n.  A  sudden,  harsh  expulsion  of  breath;  a  disease 
productive  of  coughing.  [of  cunnan,  =  can1,  v.] 

could,  1  kud;  2  cud,  imp.  of  can1,  v.    [  <  AS.  cuthe,  pret. 

cou'lee,  1  kQ'le;  2  eu'lfi,  n.  1.  A  sheet  of  solidified  lava.  2. 
[Local,  N.  Am.]  A  deep  gulch,  usually  dry :  distinguished  by 
its  inclined  sides  from  a  canon.   [F.] 

COU-Iomb',  1  ku-lom';  2  cu-lom',  n.  The  practical  unit 
of  quantity  in  measuring  electricity;  the  amount  con- 
veyed by  one  ampere  in  one  second.  [<  Coulomb,  a 
French  physicist.) 

coul'ter,  1  koTt.ir;  2  eol'ter,  n.    A  colter. 

coun'cll,  1  kaun'sil;  2  eoun'cil,  n.  An  assembly  for  con- 
sultation or  deliberation.  |<  I/.1'  concilium,  <  con-, 
together,  +  crilo,  cull]  common  council,  a  municipal 
legislative  body:  sometimes  a  coordinate  branch  of  such  a 
body,  which  is  then  called  a  ciln  council.-  coun Vll-man, 
coun'cll-or,  coun'cll-lor,  n.    A  member  of  a  council. 

COUn'sel,  1  kaun'sel;  2  eOUn'sfil,  v.  [-HELF.D  or  -BELLED, 
-8ELD8;  -sel-ino  or  -hel-lino.]  1. 1.  To  give  advice  to; 
admonish;  advise.  II.  i.  To  take  counsel;  deliberate. 
coun'ct'lllcf.    Syn.:see  aomonish. 

COUn'sel,  n.  I.  Mutual  consultation  or  deliberation.  2. 
Opinion;  advice;  deliberate  purpose.  3.  Good  judgment; 


2 

Cotyledons. 

1.  An   almond-seed   composed   of  two 
cotyledons.     2.  Cotyledons  separated  to 
r  the  germ  (a).     3.  The  seed  sprout- 
b,  radicle;  c,  c,  cotyledons. 


prudence.  4.  A  lawyer  or  lawyers  engaged  in  a  cause  in 
court;  an  advocate.  [<  L.F  consilium,  <  consulo,  con- 
sult.] Syn.:  admonition,  advice,  caution,  dissuasion,  exhorta- 
tion, persuasion,  recommendation,  suggestion,  warning.  Ad- 
vice (L.  ad,  to,  -f  video,  see)  is  an  opinion  suggesting  or  urg- 
ing some  course  of  action,  on  the  ground  of  real  or  assumed 
superior  knowledge.  Counsel  (L.  consulo,  consult)  implies 
mutual  conference.  Advice  may  be  unsought  and  even  un- 
welcome, counsel  is  supposed  to  be  desired.  Yet  the  two 
words  so  far  approach  each  other  that  one  is  said  to  seek 
advice  from  a  lawyer,  while  a  lawyer  who  is  engaged  to  give 
advice  or  to  act  as  an  advocate  in  a  legal  proceeding  is  called 
the  counsel  of  the  person  so  employing  him.  Counsel  In  the 
general  sense,  whether  as  noun  or  verb,  is  now  somewhat 
archaic,  advise  or  advice  being  in  more  common  use. 

— coun'sel-or,  coun'sel-lor,  n.    1.  One  who  gives  coun- 
sel; an  attorney  at  law;  advocate.    2.  A  councilor. 

countd,  1  kaunt;  2  count,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  call  off  the  units 
of,  one  by  one,  in  order  to  ascertain  the  total;  enumer- 
ate; number;  compute.  2.  To  consider  to  be;  judge.  3. 
To  ascribe:  with  to.  II.  i.  1.  To  call  off  numbers  in 
order;  number.  2.  To  carry  weight;  add  value.  3.  To 
rely;  with  on  or  upon.  4f.  To  take  account:  with  a  per- 
son, of  a,  thing.  [  <  L.F  computo;  see  compute.] 
Syn.:  see  calculate. — count'a-bl(ep,  a. 

count1,  n.  1.  The  act  of  counting;  number.  2.  Attention; 
heed;  estimation.  3.  Law.  A  separate  charge,  as  in  an 
indictment. 

count2,  n.  In  France,  Spain,  Italy,  etc.,  a  nobleman  origi- 
nally corresponding  to  an  earl  in  England.  [  <  L.OF 
comes,  associate.] 

coun'te-nance,  1  kaun'ti-nans;  2  coun'te-nanc.  I.  vt. 
[-nanced1;  -nanc-ino.]  1.  To  approve;  encourage; 
abet.  2f.  To  pretend.  II.  n.  1.  One's  face  or  fea- 
tures. 2.  Expression;  appearance;  an  encouraging  aspect; 
hence,  approval;  support.  [<  F.  contenance,  continen- 
tia;  see  continent,  n.J  Syn.:  (verb)  see  abet;  encourage; 
(noun)  see  favor;  help. 

coun'ter,  1  kaun'tar;  2  coun'ter,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  return, 
as  one  blow  by  another;  give  a  return  blow.  2t-  To  en- 
counter; meet;  collide. 

coun'ter,  a.    Contrary;  opposing. 

count'er1,  1  kaunt'ar;  2  eount'er,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that 
which  counts,  especially  a  machine  for  counting.  2.  A 
piece  of  wood,  ivory,  etc.,  used  in  counting.  3.  An  imi- 
tation coin  of  inferior  metal;  counterfeit.  [  <  L.OF  com- 
puto; see  compute.] 

coun'ter2, 1  kaun'tar;  2  coun'ter,  n.  A  table  on  which  to 
count  money  or  expose  goods  for  sale.  [  <  OF.  contoir, 
<  "L.^compulo;  see  compute.] 

coun'ter3,  n.  1.  An  opposite,  or  that  which  is  opposite;  a 
parry;  counterblow.  2.  The  portion  of  a  shoe  that  sur- 
rounds the  heel  of  the  wearer.  3.  The  portion  of  a  ship 
between  the  water=line  and  the  knuckle  of  the  stern.  4. 
A  horse's  breast.    [  <  counter-.] 

coun'ter,  adv.    Contrary;  reversely. 

coun'ter-,  1  kaun'tar-;  2  coun'ter-,  prefix.  Contrary;  op- 
posite. [<  F.  contre-,  <  L.  contra-;  see  contra-.]  [Re- 
sides the  words  denned,  counter-  is  used  as  the  first  element  of 
a  large  number  of  words,  which  may  be  readily  defined  by 
combining  the  meaning  of  the  prefix  with  that  of  the  second 
element] 

coun"ter-act'd,  1  kaun"tar-akt';  2  coun"tcr-act',  vt.  To 
act  in  opposition  to;  check;  frustrate;  hinder. — COUll"- 
ter-ac'tion,  n.  —  coun"tcr-ac'tlv(c»,  a.   -ly,  adv. 

coun"ter-bal'ance,  1  kaun"tar-bal'ans;  2  eoun"ter-bal'- 
anc.  1.  vt.  [-anced1;  -anc-ing.]  To  oppose  with  an 
equal  force;  offset.  II.  n.  Any  power  equally  opposing 
another;  a  counterpoise. 

coun"ter-change',  vt.  To  exchange ;  interchange;  di- 
versify.—coun'ter-charge",  n.  An  opposing  charge  it 
accusation.  -eoiiii"U,r-cliarge',  vl.  coun"ler-cliarni', 
vt.     To   counteract   the   effect   of   a  charm   upon;   win   by 

opposing  charms.— coun 'ter-charm",  n.  An  opposing 
Charm. —  COUn Mer-check",  n.  A  check  for  a  check. — 
coun"ter-check',  vt.-  coun'ter  ■claim",  ».  a  cross* 
demand  alleged  by  a,  defendant  in  his  favor  against  the 
plaintiff,  counterclockwise,  a.  Contrary  to  the  direc- 
tion   taken    by    Hie    hands    ol  a  clock    round   Hie  dial. 

counter-clockwise,  miv.    counter>current, n.    An  op- 
posing ourrent,  especially  oneopposed  to  another  current, 
coun"ter-draw',  vt.    To  trace  In  transparent   material. 
— counter>evldence,  n.    Rebutting  evidence 
coun'ter-felt,  / 1  kaun'ter-fit;  2  eoun'ter-flt.    I1.  vt.    To 
coun'ter-HtH,  j  make    fraudulently    or    unlawfully,    as 
money;  imitate  with  intent  to  deceive;  feign;  pretend. 

Syn'.:  see  imitate;   pretend. 
II.    a.     Resembling  or  made  to  resemble  some  genuine 

tbing,  with  intent  to  defraud;  imitated;  spurious.    Ul.n. 

J.  Something,  as  a  coin,  made  fraudulently  to  resemble 


r..tm(«  rl.'ll     |    a 


.1     ..      (ill!.  rOI.  .   lull.  I'flrn; 

i  i  0      ■>     "'.  wfa,    I'M! 


.  ..mi  - 


ii  8. 

1 1 

. 

I  ll.        I .  \ 

i  •.iiiriir- 

.  r-tiilni  in*.  ■'■ 

baffle  or  ob- 

i  .uin    l« •r-miiii- ".  i -111111"- 

N. 

I . 

•    •  ,.:>  .  .  n"ter-plot '. 

i  <>u n  i.  r-plot", 

' .  n .     1 . 

'»'■■"■■'■'  » 

I  or  iM»i- 
lloe  oprwd  lo  ui'  1 

in'tor-pois/.    I. 
I  • 

'!.    I  o 
II-  l.  dancing 

'.'.  '■        te  ol  equi- 
ight  ] 

fi  driven 

cblnery. 

I. 

II.         I . 

coun'ter«sig"- 

•  >-r--fr.ik'.      I. 

r  the  head  of 

i  correspond- 

1 1  1  ranking,    'i. 

coun'ter< 

■r--.nl.  in'ter-v&T, 

<«PI>  ■- 

liillll'llT-lll-v  I 

>  on n "i i-r- 
w.rk.  .  on  n   I .  •r-work", 

i  ..mil    .  -  ■ . 

u  who 

•  .»«-,«,  .-jr;.|.,-.  in  |,<t  own  nidi!      [<  I     comiesse, 

in.-   In.ii-e'  .  Dg    ,|l(. 

■    ••  ' '     ■'     ■-  ■  --    mtile     or     other     establishment. 

•  .hi  hi   log  room 

numerable. 

,;  -ry"- 
I  :.'jniriK 

II  I 

'•■ 

run  'tree-  ; 

ir.ij  •  :i  i.  ii  ii   in  ■••  :i  nun  'ire>  |  ;eoun'- 

EhLML'  <  -.ii ii  i r>  d.nif  ■  ■",  r».    a  dance  In 


'.  r- poise  '.  | 


.'•mi  ter-atgti  , 

.'. 

n»-liir 
r..iin    I.  r--inU    . 

I 


.  .1    In    i. in 

im-iii.iii  i.  One  ll\  ii 

f  :i  partloula 

e,  -se.  ii 

i  nun  ' I r > - «. 1 1 


■  .Mill  '- 

untrj  .  a 

uni i  v    one  nf  i lio 

\  dwelling  or 

\      .  .1  I. ill   of 


anted  iiv  v1oIcmh-«-      /  .-■  -,-,  "B 
(he  "a'trc.  1  n  •ii-ir;\MW 
B   theatrical    ^     'y 


rutin  'in-nii'  in. in,  n. 
■  < 1 1 1 1 1  i  \ .  I  S  coun'ty,  ii     [coon'ti i  1    I .   \ 

I  ol  '.'  '  .     I  i 

i  count     I  ■ 
ii.  i  i  coun'lj  ■ 

s  |  The  Boat  "f  govor ml  ol  a  count  j 

ii    ,  l  kou  I.        i  ■      boi      ro  turn  up  Ida 

down  (lump    St.  To  cut  or  slash     II.       I.  roup 

If.  To  right  i  -I  i-1.  n  i 

■  ..ii  1 1        to  coup  i  in-  crens,  to  i verthrown. 

.  ..ii  i  >    .  po  tradi  mpa  I 

roup1.  1  kfj    2  ctf,  n       \    udden  telling  blow;  a  i 

I    |      COOpe    :    m»|i 

ii  lie  trace,  i 

or  ma  I  oke  "f  mere] 

B  -i|. I- 

dcn.  \  ■     Btir- 

i       ill- -u'leit'.       1 
i  .  il'e'l.it  '.    1 

id-      / 
den  stroke   ol    polloy    or 
hip,    often    in--/ 
oontpanli 
■ .  de 

,.    ,,  '  c  Gasoline  Coupe. 

il    i ell.  1  .In'  .  ...  L'il'1 

i        luick,  comprehensive  glance  of  the  eye     9.    W U.  The 
talent  to  comprehend  a  situation  quickly  and  to  act  promptly 
in  an  emergencj . 
coup  .  I  I  mp   2  coup,  n.  [Scol  ]  1.  The  acl  ol  upsetting  or 
dumping,  or  that  which  la  dumped.  'I.  A  fault  in  a  n, .. 

••impel,  a,     Same  08  I 

cou"p€'j  1  l.iV'p. ';  2  eu,*pe/,  //.     1.  A  low  four«wheeled 
two    •  rnage.    2,  The  foi  ward  compart- 

I  i  IkiIi  compai  I  men!  i  d  a 

tinental  railway-carriage.    [F.,  <  couper,  cut.] 
couple,  j  1  kup'l;  2  efipl.    I.  ri.  &  n.     [coi  p'i  i  o,  ci  p'- 
cup'le'",  \  i.i.'';  coxjp'ijNa,  ci  i-'i.i  ■...''  1    To  join;  place  to- 
gether in  a  pair :  join  in  well  I  ork ;  connect;  unite     II. 
1.  Two  of  a  kind;  a  pair.    'I.  Two  persona  oi  opposite  jex, 
wedded  or  otherwise  paired.     •'!.  A  coupler;  bond;  leash. 
<  L.r  copuio,  <  copula;  see  copi  la  i    coup'le-ment},  n. 
cl  of  coupling;  a  pair,  -coupler,  n.    1.  one  who  or 
Dial  which  couples. 
'.\      \    in.  chanlcal 

device  by  whieh  oh-  rr — ?-  7 '(f**tt@fl 

e  connected.  I  ■■    ^^ — \L=avJ- 
conp'llngt.— au- 
tomatic   coupler 

hlr,v.  Automatic  I  oupler. 

ancefor  coupling  railroad  i  of  Interlocking  Jaws. 

couplet,/!  kup'let;  2  eup'lfit,  n      Two  similar  things 
eiip'lcl1',  ftakeu  or  considered   together;   two  lii 

io  in  immediate  sequence,  riming  together.    [1- '.] 
eon 'pun,  1  kfi'jioii;  2  eu'pon,  n.    A  detachable  portion  of 
a  bond,  ticket,  or  the  like,  certifying  something,  as  inter- 
est, to  be  due.    [F.,  <  couper,  cut.] 
cour'age,  I  1  k_or/ij;2cur'ag,  n.     L.Thai  quality  of  mind 
cur'agep,  |  which    meets  danger  or  opposition    with  in- 
i  almnesa,  and  firmness;  bravery,    'if.  Heart ; 
a;  condition,    [V.,  <  L.  cur,  heart.] 
Slavery,  daring,  fearlessness,  fortitude, 
gallantry,  hardihood,  Intrepidity,  mettle,  pluck,  resolution, 
a  word  of  deeper  and  nobler  mean- 
ing than  bravery.    The  noun  bravery  has  lost  something  of 
the  meaning  ol  the  ad  Ii  i  Ini  lining  toward  the 

to  call  on  ire  ma     I    to  do  bim 

bonoi  .,i  i.iih  :i    a  man  ol  6 

h  tellect  and  i  he  will,  and -.  be  po        ed 

Inthi  di    ree  by  those  who  an  con  tltutlonally  timid 

hi    ,  rong ;  I   r. nun, i. ni'.  :i    ociated  with 

'lam  ous  action,  as  In  battle      See  pobtitudb; 

pbowess.     '  ompare  bbate.     Ant  j  cowardice,  fear,  fright, 

timidity.— eou-ra'geoue  ed  ol  or  chara 

by  courage;  brave;  Intrepid.    Syn.:  see  brave.—  cou-ra'- 

geous-ly,  ii'/i       cou-ra'gcouwiess,  n. 

i  ou"rant ',  1  kQ"rant';2  cu'riint',  re.    An  old  and  lively  fiance 

In  triple  measure;  In  music,  a  piece  the  rhythm  of  which  is 

from  such  a  dance.     [<    !•'.  courantc.)     co-rant';; 

emi-ran'lo;. 

.  iiu'nur'  de  bols,    1  kQ"rOr/  da  bwfi;   2  cu'rfir'  de  bwa 

'  sb  Bom,  pi.]    Formerly,  a  French  or  Canadian 

-  or  trader  who  traversed  the  American  forests.    [F.) 

con'ri-er,  1  ku'n-sr;  2  cu'ri-Sr,  n.    A  me    i  agi  I  ;  also,  a 

traveling  attendant.  [OF.,  <  L.  cutto,  run.]  Syn.:  see  berald 


1:8  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    13  =  sing;    Chin,   this.   Counterfoil 
197    2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  b&y;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.  COW 


course,  1  kors;  2  cors.  I.vt.&vi.  [coursed1;  cours'ing.] 
To  run  or  cause  to  run;  run  through  or  over;  hunt 
(hares)  with  greyhounds.  II.  re.  1.  The  act  of  moving 
onward;  career.  2.  The  way  passed  over,  or  the  direc- 
tion taken.  3.  A  series  of  connected  motions,  acts,  or 
events;  sequence.  4.  Line  of  conduct.  5.  The  portion  of 
a  meal  served  at  one  time.  6.  A  row  or  layer.  7.  pi. 
The  menses.  8.  Naut.  (1)  A  sail  bent  to  the  lower  yard 
of  any  square=rigged  mast.  (2)  A  point  of  the  compass. 
9.  A  charge  or  bout  in  a  tournament.  [F.,  fem.  of  cours, 
<  L.  cursvs,  course,  <  cvrro.  run.]  courst. 
Syn.:  see  career;  direction;  road;  stream;  way. 
— cours'er,  re.  1.  A  fleet  and  spirited  horse.  2.  One  given 
to  the  chase. 

court,  1  kort;2  cort.  Id.  vt.  1.  To  make  love  to;  woo.  2. 
To  seek  the  favor  of;  seek  as  a  favor;  solicit:  used  also 
intransitively.    Syn.:  see  address. 

II.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  court.  III.  re.  1.  A  place 
where  justice  is  judicially  administered;  also,  a  tri- 
bunal, ecclesiastical  or  other,  duly  constituted  to  admin- 
ister justice  or  try  causes;  the  judge  or  judges  constitut- 
ing a  judicial  tribunal  when  in  session  as  such.  2.  The 
actual  residence  of  a  sovereign,  especially  as  the  central 
seat  of  government.  3.  The  council  and  retinue  of  a 
sovereign.  4.  A  level  space  laid  out  for  the  playing  of 
games.  5.  A  courtyard,  or  blind  alley.  6.  Obsequious 
or  flattering  attention.  [  <  L.LL+OF  cors  (cort-),  short  for 
cohors  (cohort-).] — court '=card",  re.  A  face=card;  king, 
queen,  or  knave:  a  corruption  of  coat'Card. — -  ham!,  re.  The 
Gothic  or  Saxon  handwriting  used  in  English  public  records. 
— c.shouse,  re.  A  public  building  occupied  by  the  judicial 
courts;  also,  in  the  southern  United  States,  a  county=seat. — 
court'like,er.  Polite;  courtly. — court'Iy,  a.  Pertainingto 
or  befitting  a  court;  elegant  in  manners.  Syn.:  see  polite. 
— court'li-ness,  re. — c.iiiarl  ial.  vt.  To  try,  as  a  soldier 
or  sailor,  by  court  martial. — court  martial,  a  court  of 
military  or  naval  officers  convened  to  try  offenses  against 
military  or  naval  law. — C.  of  Common  Pleas,  a  common* 
law  court  of  record,  having  original  jurisdiction  of  matters 
civil  and  criminal. — c.  of  inquiry,  a  tribunal  for  investigat- 
ing matters  pertaining  to  the  military  or  naval  service.  It 
has  no  power  of  trial  or  adjudication. — c.=plaster,  re. 
Sticking-plaster,  or  silk  gummed  with  a  healing  compound. 
— court'ship,  re.  The  act  or  period  of  courting  or  wooing. 
— court'yard",  re.  An  enclosed  yard  adjoining  a  building 
or  surrounded  by  buildings,  to  which  it  gives  access;  a  court. 

cour'te-ous,  )  1  kur'ti-us;  2  eur'te-us,  a.    Showing  cour- 

cur'te-ouss,  J  tesy;  polite;  affable.     [<  F.  courtois.] 
Syn.:  see  bland;  polite. 
— cour'te-ous-ly,  adv. — cour'te-ous-ness,  n. 

cour'te-san,  n.    Same  as  courtezan. 

courte'sy,  /  1  kfirt'si;  2  cfirt'sy,  vi.    [-sied;  -sy-ing.]    To 

curte'sy3,  £  make  the  gesture  of  respect  called  a  courtesy. 

courte'sy1,  n.  [-siesz,  pi.]  A  gesture  of  civility  or  re- 
spect; a  courtesy,  curt'sy.t 

cour'te-sy2,  1  kur'ti-si;  2  cur'te-sy,  n.  [-siesz,  pi]  1. 
Genuine  and  habitual  politeness;  courtliness.  2.  A  cour- 
teous favor  or  act.  3.  Common  consent.  [  <  F.  cour- 
tolsie.]  cur'te-syj.  Syn.:  see  address.  <  ompare  polite. 
— courtesy  (or  curtesy)  of  England,  the  tenure  by 
which  a  man  holds  for  life  the  estates  of  his  deceased  wife 
inheritable  by  their  children. 

cour'te-zan,  1  kur'ti-zan;  2  cur'te-zan,  n.  A  prostitute. 
[<  It.F  cortegiano,  <  corte,  court.) 

court'ier,  1  kort'yar;  2  eort'yer,  n.  1.  A  member  of  the 
court  circle.  2.  One  who  seeks  favor  by  flattery  and 
complaisance.     [OF.] 

COUs'in,  I    1  kuz'n;  2  eiis'n,  re.     1.  One  descended  from  a 

Cliz'inp,  j  common  ancestor,  but  not  a  brother  or  sister. 
Tin-  children  of  brothers  and  sisters  axe  first  cousin*;  the 
children  of  first  cousins  are  second  cousins,  etc.  '{.  A 
noble  of  the  king's  council,  or  a  fellow  sovereign:  a  si  vie 
1,!  address  used  by  a  king.    [F.l — cousin  gcrm.in,  a 

first  or  full  COUflin.— COUS'ln-llOOd,  v.  1.  Tin'  slate,  con- 
dition, or  relationship  of  cousins.  2.  ( :oiisins  or  kindred  col- 
lectively, cous'ln-ly,  a.  &  adv.— cous'ln-ry,  re.  Cousins 
collectively.— cous'ln-shlp,  n.    Couslnhood. 

Cou"sln',  1  ku"zah';  2  cu"sah',  Victor  (1792-1867).  A 
trench  philosopher. 

COU"teau',  1  ku'tO';  2  cu'to',  re.  [-1 1. 11  ■.'.  1  -tflz';  2  -to/.',  pi,.] 
a  knife;  especially,  a  long,  straight,  doui.ie  edged  knife  ol 
the  middle  ages.  [F.(  <  L.  culler,  knife  ]  cou'tcll.  cou- 
tcau  de  cliasse,  a  hunting-knife.    [!•'.] 

cove,  vt.  &.  vi.    [coved;  cov'ino.]    To  arch  over. 

cove1, 1  kov;  2  cov,  n.  1.  A  small  bay  or  bay-like  recess. 
2.  A  narrow  valley  among  mountains.  3.  A  concavity. 
[<   AS.  co[n,  chamber,  cave.] 

Cove=,  n.  [Slang.]   A  boy  or  man:  fellow.   [<  Gipsy  COM,  thing.] 

cov'c-nanl,    )  1  kuv'i-nent; 2 eov'e-nant.    l.vl.&vi.   To 

CUV'e-Iiant1',  S  promise  by  covenant;  bind  oneself  by  cov- 


enant. II.  n.  1.  An  agreement  entered  into  by  two  or 
more  persons  or  parties;  a  compact.  2.  Theol.  God's 
promise  of  blessing  to  be  fulfilled  on  the  performance  of  a 
condition,  as  of  obedience.  3.  The  solemn  pledge  by 
which  members  of  a  church  bind  themselves  to  maintain 
its  faith,  ordinances,  etc.  4.  Law.  (1)  A  written  agree- 
ment between  parties  under  seal.  (2)  A  modifying  agree- 
ment contained  within  an  agreement  or  deed.  (3)  A  form 
of  action  to  recover  damages  for  breach  of  contract.  [  < 
L.°f  convenient-)  s,  <  con,  together,  +  venio,  come.]  Syn.: 
see  contract.  — National  Covenant,  an  agreement  ex- 
tensively signed  by  all  classes  in  Scotland,  in  1638,  to  resist 
by  force  the  introduction  of  episcopacy  by  Charles  I. — 
Solemn  League  and  C,  an  agreement  between  the  Scottish 
and  English  Parliaments,  in  1643,  by  virtue  of  which  the 
Scotch  were  to  render  military  aid  to  the  English  Parliament 
against  Charles  I.  on  condition  of  the  introduction  of  Pres- 
byterianism  into  England. — cov"e-nant-ee',  re.  A  party 
to  a  covenant  having  obligations  made  to  him. — cov'e- 
nant-er,  re.  1.  One  who  enters  into  a  covenant,  cov'e- 
nan-tort.  2.  [C-]  Ch.  Hist.  One  of  the  Scottish  Presbyte- 
rians who  in  1638-1643  entered  into  a  "Solemn  League  and 
Covenant  for  the  Reformation  and  Defense  of  Religion." 

cov'entf,  re.    1.  A  convent.    2.  A  meeting.    3.  A  covenant. 

Cov'en-try,  1  kev'en-tn;  2  cov'en-try,  re.  A  manufacturing 
town  (pop.  106.000)  in  central  England.— Coventry  blue,  a 
superior  blue  embroidery  thread  made  at  Coventry. — to  send 
to  C,  to  banish  from  society  or  social  intercourse;  ostracize. 

cov'er,    )    1  kuv'ar;  2  cov'er,  v.    I.  t.    1.  To  overspread 

cuv'erp,  )  or  overlay  with  something;  enwrap;  put  upon; 
sit  or  brood  over,  as  eggs.  2.  To  hide;  screen.  3.  To 
suffice  or  compensate  for.  4.  To  bring  and  keep  within 
range,  as  of  a  gun  or  guns  or  troops.  5.  To  accomplish; 
pass  over,  as  a  space  or  distance.  II.  i.  1.  To  spread 
or  extend  over  something.  2.  To  put  one's  hat  on.  [  < 
L.of  cooperio,  <  co-  intens.  +  operio,  hide.]  Syn.:  see  bury; 
hide;  mask;  palliate;  shelter. — cov'er-lng,  re.  1.  Any- 
thing that  covers.  2.  The  act  of  putting  on  a  cover.  — cov'- 
er-let,  re.  The  outer  covering  of  abed;  a  quilt,  cov'er-lldl. 

cov'er,  n.  1.  That  which  is  spread  or  fitted  over  or  en- 
closes anything.  2.  A  veil  or  disguise;  pretext.  3.  A 
shelter  or  defense;  protection.  4.  A  thicket  or  under- 
brush, etc.,  sheltering  game.  5.  Table  furniture  for  one 
person.     Syn.:  see  refuge. 

Cov'er-dale,  1  kuv'ar-del;  2  cdv'er-dal,  Miles  (1488-1568). 
An  English  Augustinian  monk;  first  English  translator  of 
the  whole  Bible. 

cov'ert,    )1  kuv'art;  2  cov'ert.     I.  a.     1.  Concealed; 

cuv 'ertp, )  secret;  sheltered.  2.  Law.  Under  protection 
or  authority,  as  a  married  woman.  II.  n.  1.  Something 
that  shelters,  defends,  or  conceals;  a  shady  place  or 
thicket.  2.  pi.  Ornith.  Feathers  overlying  the  bases  of 
the  quills  of  a  bird's  wings  and  tail.  [OF.,  <  covrir, 
cover.]  Syn.:  (adjective)  see  secret;  (noun)  see  refuge. 
— cov'ert-ly,  adv. 

cov'er-ture,    )  1  kuv'ar-chur  or  tiur;  2  cov'er-chur  or 

cuv'er-turep,  S  tur,  n.  1.  Law.  Marriage';  the  legal  state 
of  a  married  woman.  2.  A  place  or  condition  of  con- 
cealment; means  of  concealment. 

cov'etd,  )  1  kuv'et;  2  cov'et,  v.    I.  t.    1.  To  have  an  inor- 

CUV'ef,  )  dinatc  or  unlawful  desire  for.  2.  To  have  an 
eager  and  worthy  desire  for;  crave.  II.  i.  To  indulge 
extreme  or  unlawful  desire.  [<  L.OK  cupidita(t-)s;  see 
cupidity.]— cov 'et-a-l»l(e»-,  a.— cov'et-ous,  a.  Inordi- 
nately eager  to  acquire  and  possess.  Syn.:  see  avaricious. 
— cov'et-ous-ly,  adv.— cov'et-ous-ness,  re. 

cov'ey,    )  1  kuv'i;  2  cov'y,  n.    1.  A  flock,  as  of  quails  or 

cuv'cyp,  J  partridges.  2||.  A  company;  set;  bevy.  [<  F. 
couvec,  <  couver,  brood.]     Syn.:  see  flock. 

cov'Int,  re.  Law.  A  secret  agreement  1,1  defraud  or  Injure 
another.  [<  OF.  covinc,  <  L.  COM-,  with,  +  venio,  come.] 
cov'ynt-— cov'ln-oust,  a.    Fraudulent. 

Cov'ing-ton,  1  kuv'uHan;  2  eov'lng-ton,  n.  A  city  in  N. 
Kentucky;  pop.  53,200. 

co'vln=tree"t,  n.  [Scot.]  Atrystlng  tree  especially  one  mark 
ing  the  customary  spot  where  a  host  received  and  took  leave 

of  guests. 

cow,  1  kuu;  2  cow,  vt.  To  overawe;  intimidate;  daunt. 
[<lce.  kUga,  tyrannize  over]  Syn.:  see  frighten. 

COW1,  re.  The  female  of  domesl  ic  cat  lie 
and  of  some  other  animals.  [  < 
AS.  CO.] — cow 'bird",  n.  An 
American  blackbird,  often 
found  with  cattle.  cow's 
black"blrd.  —  cow 'boy",  n. 
A  boy    or,    in    the    western 

United  States,  a  mounted  man, 

employed  lo  tend  cattle.      COW'- 

catch"er,  n.     An  Iron  frame  on  f  lie  front,  of  n  locomollvc  to 

throw  obstructions  from  the  track;  pltol       cow'fish",  n.  1. 

One  Ol  various  cetaceans,  as  a  grampus,  dolphin,  etc.    'I.  A 


Cowblrd 


I  i  a     Sl  ;   full,  rfllc:  but.  l)Orn; 

I      II       '  .    I    -  <\  K<V  not.  Or,  wAn,  IDS 

OWI  ii. 

■  ../>.  [i  •''/.!  i  u.  ...  /i  i  -,1  I   Snugly 

eomfortablo;  contented;  sociable     [<    Qaol 

full  ill   hollows,  mini;.    ■      CM,  orevloe.]     rn'ii')  |. 
i..   #1-1).  ro'sl-l),  m/r.      rii'/l-iii-N».  eu'sl-iiess,  | 

\  |.  i.i.i.  . i  ■  Foi  :i  teapot,  to  prevent  the 

I  i     eo  'aj  i . 
i     p  Chlel  Patriarch,  civil  power,  <  lerk  of  the  Peace, 

of  Procedure,  (  ..Minion  pli  uio  PatHonU 

i  .  oui  i  o!  Probate,    c.  p.,  after, 

•  mli  .M'.   pur  .  circular  pitch     cp.,  ooor, 
C.  P.  A.,  ceri  Ifled  public  accountant, 

C.P.C.,  Clerk  ol  the  Prit  i  I  ouncll     C.  P.  M.,  aftftr. 

Common  particular  meter     c.  I*.  s.,  .iw>r     u   ]    cuttot 
I  (Keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal).    Ct.,abbT.   Chro- 
mium, credit,  creditor,  crown. 
.riii.  i        une  is  mi  \  u. 

crabi  i  krab;  8  erab,  a.    smir  nr  astringent ;  aa,  ■  cruh  vintage. 

ir.ih,        i.  \  [(Mooted  crustacean  bavins  the  abdomen 

or  tail  Folded  under  the  body, 

;     \  constellation,  Can- 

oer      3.     \    t..rm   of   wind 


..n    DO]     . 


»r.l.  .  .-.,     ir.l-l,  ,  . 

i  or  Imiii- 

1 1  ill)  muii- 

I     .r,l-s|,l|i.    • 

mblinaly; 

,.       III.IMKI 

'      ■ 

I  lif  pods 
•     . .. 
I .    \ 


dlass. 


8*7). 

-  ••    CTi 

I 

S    u     South  Carolina:    British  de- 

Hllllain 

■n  Gilpin. 

ubs,  pi  j     An  orna- 

I  w hi.ii  ls  used  as  money  In 

W  ry;  op. 

.  ■  w'ryJi  moii  V)  ni«  »rj  :. 

An  English  wild 


. 


*i. 


. 


rojrfet,  a 


3.   \ 
It's  comb,  formerly 

4t.  Tin-  top 
rmb  ) 
.i       <  o\-i  uiiiiri-i  ii- 
coi'i  ..in h  ' 

llllk'- 

1. 1    I .  ..n'i  the  band 

n.        I.  To  behave 

■ 

;nfill.      |OF., 
.  ")    111.  .  •.,    Ii  .  co>  '- 


t,  n.     A 
prairie*wolf 

t    r„yi,tl  ) 

'.I     eoiutll- 
-■■■:■■    ■      '         i..l-irll':  eoj  Mnl'. 

.  o. i-:. 

■ 

rn/   .  p 

roi>n-HMi.    Deceit:  fr  .  I     /  •  n-i-r,  n 


I  •     \s  cra66a.l 

I.    A    kind    ol 


American  Edible  ..r 
Blue  Crab.    '/• 


crab  . 

sour  apple.  rrab'«;i|)"|)b'! . 
'.*.  \  tree  bearing  this  Fruit 
8,  \n  ill  -  tempered,  queru- 
lous, or  surly  person,  [  <  Bw. 
tru/ih-  in  trabbSple,  crab«apple  i 

Crabbe,  1  krab;  :.'  erab,  George 
I  it.m    1832).     An  English  poet 

crab1>edi  1  krab'ed;  2  erab'Sd,  a,     1.  SourHempered; 
I  ii  .  \  i^h     '!.  Harsh;  sour;  abstruse;  cramped  and  irregu- 
lar.    I      .  u  mi-,  n.]    Syn.:  see  mohosk.     crab'bed-ly,  adv. 
crab'bed-ness,  n. 

cracks  1  krak;  2  er&k,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  make  a  crai  I  oi 
cracks  in;  burst ;  split;  break  open.  2.  To  cause  to  give 
forth  ,-i  short,  sharp  sound;  snap.  It.  To  derange  men- 
tally. 4. 'I'..  (.II  with  spirit.  II.  i.  1.  To  split  or  break. 
'I.  I.,  make  a  sharp,  snapping  sound.  3.  [old  Eng.  it 
|  To  talk;  gossip;  chat.  [<  AS.  rrnriiui  (imita- 
tive).] Syn.:  see  BREAK.—  crack'cr,  n.  A  person  or  thing 
thai  cranks;  a  llrecracker;  a  lliln,  brittle  biscuit. — cracks'- 
man,  n.    [-IIBN,  pi.]    [Slang.]    A  burglar. 

crack,  a.    [Colloq.]    Of  superior  excellence:  first >class. 

crack,  r».    1.  An  incomplete  separation  of  two  parts  of  an 

■  t ;  a  fissure.    2.  A  sudden  and  sharp  sound;  report. 

:t.    \  sounding  blow.     4.  A  mental  or  moral  defect.     5. 

II  lolloq.]  One  of  high  excellence  in  a  certain  line.    6.  A 
lalf'crazy  person;  crank.     7.  A  peculiar  tone  of  the 
voice,  ;ts  when  changing,    St.  A  Bprightly  boy;  a  boy. 
Syn.:see  buuhbh;  breach. 

—  oraok'sbralned",  ".  Wcak»mlnded;  odd— ohempt, 
n.  A  in  subject  for  the  hangman,  c.=lialter$;  cropet. 
<  rack'l  c1,  1  kxakl;  2  eraVl.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [crack'l(e)dp; 
i  km  k'i.i.nh.j  To  crack  slightly  and  repeatedly;  cover 
with  cracks.  II.  n.  1.  A  BUCCession  of  light,  cracking 
sounds;  crepitation.  2.  A  small  crack ;  a  network  of  fine 
cracks,  as  on  china.     [Freq.  of  CRACK.] — crack 'ling,  n. 

1.  \  crackling  sound.    2.  The  crisp  browned  skin  of  roa  rted 
pork,  (-./''.    Bits  of  crisply  fried  fat  pork. 

crack  'nel,  1  krak'nel;  2  rrak'nel.  n.    1.  A  hard,  brittle  biscuit. 

Cra'cow,  n.    Same  as  KitAKOW. 

Crad'ock,  1  krad'ek;  2  erad'ok,  Sir  Christopher  (1882- 
1014  A  Brit  Ish  rear-admiral;  went  down  wl.li  tils  flagship, 
the  "Good  Hope,"  In  the  battle  off  Coronel,  Nov.  1,  1914. 

era 'die,  1  krS'dl;  2  era'dl,  vt.  &  vi.  [cra'"i.ed;  cra'- 
DL1NO.]  1.  To  put  into  or  rock  in  or  as  in  a  crs  die;  soothe; 
nurse;  nurture  2.  To  reap  with  a  cradle,  as  wheat.  3. 
To  wash,  a^  gold-bearing  gravel,  in  a  mining>cradle. 

era 'die,  n.     1.  A  rooking  or  swinging  bed  for  an  infant. 

2.  A   place  of  birth ;  origin.     3.   A(/ric.   A  scythe  with 
finger-  that   catch  the  grain  wlu-n  cut.     4.  A  frame  for 

ining  a  vessel,     5.  A  box  on  rockers  for  washing 
or.-     I  <  as.  aradel,  <  Ir.  eraidhal  ] 

craft,  1  kmft ;  2  craft,  n.  1.  Cunning  or  skill;  guile.  2.  A 
trade,  or  those  employed  in  it.  3.  Naut.  A  vessel;  also, 
collectively,  vessels.  [<  AS.  rrwft,  skill,  art,  strength, 
courage.)     Syn.:  see  ABTinci;  jusinkss;  deception. 

crafts'man,  n.  [-men,  pi]  A  member  of  a  craft;  a 
skilled  mechanic,  -ship,  n.—  craft'y,  a.  I.  Skilful  In  de- 
ceiving; cunning.  2||.  Skilful  In  a  craft.  Syn.:  see  astute; 
insidious;  politic. — craft'l-ly,  adv.  —  craft' l-ness,  n. 

crag,  1  krag;  2  crag,  n.  A  rough,  steep,  or  broken  rock 
nana  or  jutting  out  prominently.  [  <  W.  craig,  rock]  — 
crag'ged,  a.  Having  numerous  crags,  rrag'gy!. — crag'- 
ged-ness,  n.  crag'gl-ness :.  crags'man,  n.  [-men,  pl.\ 
( ine  who  climbs  crags  or  cliffs,  as  for  the  eggs  of  sea»blrda. 

cralg',  1  kreg;  2  crflg.  n.  [Scot.]  A  crag,  cliff. 

cralg'.n.  [Scot.]  The  neck.    [<  MU.  kraee.)    cralg'le}. 


1:  a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    ail  =  out  ■    ell;    10  =  feud:    Cllin;    go;    Xt  =  sing;    fhin,    this.  COW 

199         2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.         crayon 


crake,  1  krek;  2  erak,  re.    A  small,  short=billed  rall«bird,  with 

harsh  cry.    [  <  Ice.  kraka,  crow.] 
cram,  1  kram;  2  cram,  v.     [crammed,  cramd9;  cram'- 

ming.]    I.  t.    1.  To  press  together;  pack  tightly;  crowd. 

2.  To  feed  to  satiety.    3.  To  force  into  the  mind.    II.  i. 

1.  To  eat  greedily.    2.  To  force  knowledge  into  the  mind 
by    hurried    study.      [  <  AS. 
crammian,  stuff.] 

cram,  re.    1.  The  act  or  process 

of    cramming.       2.  One   who 

crams.      3.  Hastily  acquired  knowl- 
edge. 
cram 'bo,   1   kram'bo;   2  cram'bo,  n.     A 

word«rlming  game. 
cram'ol-sle,  1  kram'el-zi;  2  eram'6i-§I.  I||. 

a.     Crimson.     lit.  n.     Crimson    cloth.  European  Crane. 

cram'ol-syt.  i/40 

cramp1,  1  kramp;  2  cramp.    I',  vt.    To 

fasten  with  or  as  with  a  cramp;  restrain;  hamper.    II.  re. 

A  device,  as  an  iron  with  bent  ends,  for  binding  two 

pieces  firmly  together.    [Of  AS.  origin.] 
cramp2.    I',  vt.    To  affect  with  cramps.     II.  re.    Med.    1. 

An  involuntary,  sudden,  painful,  muscular  contraction. 

2.  A  form  of  local  paralysis.    [  <  F.  crampe,  <  D.  kramp.] 
— cramp'fish",  re.    The  torpedo  or  electric  ray. 

cram 'pon,  1  kram'pan;  2  cram'pon,  re.  1.  An  aerial  root  for 
climbing,  as  in  the  ivy.  2.  A  pair  of  hooked  pieces  of  iron  for 
raising  heavy  stones,  etc.  3.  An  iron  attached  to  the  shoe 
for  walking  on  ice  or  climbing.  [F.,  <  crampe,  cramp1,  n.] 
cram'poont. 

cran'ber"ry,  1  kran'ber"r,  2  cran'beV'y,  n.  [-riesz,  pi.] 
The  bright'scarlet  acid  berry  of  a  plant  growing  in 
marshy  land,   or  the  plant  itself.     [  <   AS.   cran,  for 

CRANE1,  n.,  +  BERRY1.] 

cranch',  1  krnncTi;  2  cranch,  vt.    Same  as  crunch. 

crane1,  1  kren;  2  cran,  v.    [craned;  cran'ing.]     I.  t.    To 

stretch  out  or  elongate,  as  a  crane  stretches  its  neck. 

II.  i.    1.  To  be  elongated.     2.  To  halt  and  lean  for- 
ward, as  a  horse  hesitating  at  a  leap;  hence,  to  hesitate 

at  anything. 
crane2,  vt.   To  elevate  by  or  as  if  by  a  crane. 
crane1,  n.     A  large  long=necked,  long=legged,  heron=like 

bird.    [  <  AS.  cran.] 
crane2,  n.    Mech.    1.  A  hoisting=machine  with  a  swinging 

arm.    2.  A  support  for  kettles  in  a 

fireplace.  3.  A  siphon.  [<  crane1, 

n.  (its  arm  resembling  the  neck  of  a 

crane) .] 
cranes  'bill",  1  krenz'bil" ;  2  crans'bll", 

n.    1.  Any  species  of  geranium.    2. 

A  pair  of  slender  pincers  used  by 

surgeons.     crane's'=blll":t. 
cra'nl-o-,    1    kre'm-o-;    2    cra'ni-o-. 

From  LL.  cranium,  skull:  a  combin- 
ing  form.       cra"n!-og'no-my,  n. 

The  doctrine  that  regards  the  form 

and  proportions  of  the  skull  as  an 

Index  of    the   mental   qualities   or 

temperament.    [+  Gr.  gnome,  opinion.] — cra'nl-o-graph, 

n.     An  instrument  for  making  a  topographical  chart  of  the 

skull.     [+  -graph.]— cra"ni-og'ra-phy,  n.    A  description 

of  the  cranium. 
cranio!.,  abbr.    Craniology. 
cra"nl-ol'o-gy,  re.    The  branch  of  internal  somatology  that 

treats  of  the  characteristics  of  skulls.    [  <  cranio-  +  -logy.] 

— cra"nl-o-log'l-cal,  a. — cra"nl-ol'o-glst,  re. 
cranlom.,  abbr.    Craniometry. 
cra"nl-om'e-ter,  re.    An  Instrument  for  measuring  skulls.    [  < 

cranio-  +  -meter.]— cra"nl-o-mct'rlc ,  cra"nl-o-mcl'- 

rl-cal,  a.   -ly,  adv.—  cra"nl-om'e-try,  re. 
cra'ni-um,  1  kre'm-um;  2  cra'ni-um,  n.    [cra'ni-a,  pi.] 

The  skull  of  an  animal,  especially  that  part  enclosing 

the  brain;   the  brainrbox, 

[LL.,  <Gr.  kranion,  skull 

cra'nl-ont.— cra'nl-al,  a 
crank,  1  krank;  2  crank,  p. 

1.  Naut.  Delicately  or  ill 
balanced;   easily  capsized. 

2.  Hence,  shaky.  3.  Spirit- 
ed; lively.  [Ult.  <  AS. 
crincan,  yield.] 

crank,  n.      1.  A  bent  arm 
attached  to  an  axis,   or  a 
bent  portion   of   an   axle, 
for  converting  rotary  into     1,  a  jtopl« 
reciprocating    motion,    or  '™orf"k"''!n 
vice  versa.     £.  An  lingular  Pin;e,  c, com 
lever.    3.  [Colloq.]  An  un- 
balanced   person;    a    monomaniac. 
crank'y,  a.     1.  Full  of   whims;    mentally  unbalanced. 


Cranes. 


Cranks. 

crank,  a,  kej«ncat;  b,  boll 
r,  holt  fof  crank -Kliuf I.  '-'. 
8,  DoUblfl  crank,    (/.crank. 

totlnprodi  /,  /,  oraiik.Htiuft. 
[<    CRANK,    a. 


2.   Crooked.      3.    Rickety;    liable   to   upset. — crank '1-ly, 
adv. — crank  'l-ness,  n. 

cran'klet,  v.  &  re.    Bend;  crinkle. 

Cran'mer,  1  kran'mar;  2  erah'mer,  Thomas  (1489-1556). 
English  Protestant,  archbishop  of  Canterbury;  burnt  at  the 
stake. 

cran'ny,  1  kran'i;  2  criin'y.  I.  vi.  [cran'nied;  cran'ny- 
ing.]  1.  To  become  full  of  crannies  or  crevices.  2.  To 
enter  by  crannies,  as  the  wind.  II.  re.  [cran'nies2,  pi.] 
A  narrow  opening;  fissure.  [<  L.F  crena,  notch.] 
cran'yt.  Syn.:  see  breach. — cran'nied,  a.  Full  of  cran- 
nies or  fissures. 

cran'reuch,  1  kran'ruH;  2  cran'njH,  re.  [Scot.]  Hoarfrost. 

crantst,  re.    A  garland ;  wreath. 

crape,  1  krep;  2  crap,  n.  A  thin  gauze=like  material.  [< 
F.  crepe.)    crepe}:.  [pressed. 

crape'Hsh",  1  krep'flsh";  2  erap'fLsh",  re.    Codfish  salted  and 

crap 'pie,  1  krap'r.  2  crap'i,  re.  An  edible  fresh=water  fish  of 
the  Mississippi  valley.    [Cp.  F.  crape,  crabflsh.] 

crap'u-lent,  1  krap'yu-lent;  2  crap'yu-lent,  a.  Grossly  in- 
temperate; drunken;  gluttonous.  [<  LL.  crapulentus .] 
crap'u-lous}.— crap'u-lence,  re. 

craret,  re.    A  merchant  craft;  small  sailing»vessel. 

crash', 1  kraSh;  2  crash,  v.  I.  t.  To  dash  in  pieces  noisily. 
II.  i.  To  make  a  noise,  as  of  sudden  violent  breaking. 
[<  Sw.  krasa  (imitative).]  [bankruptcy. 

crash1,  n.     1.  A  loud,  crashing  noise.     2.  Destruction; 

crash2,  n.  A  coarse  linen  fabric,  as  for  toweling,  or  for 
covering  stairs,  etc.    [  <  L.  crassus,  coarse.] 

crass,  1  kras;  2  eras,  a.  1.  Coarse  or  thick  in  structure; 
dense.  2.  Dull;  obtuse.  [<  L.  crassus,  thick.] — crass'- 
l-tude§,  re. — crass 'ly,  adc. — crass'ness,  re. 

cras"sa-men'tum,  1  kras'a-men'tum;  2  cras"a-men'tum,  n. 
A  coagulum  or  clot,  as  the  semisolid  portion  of  blood.    [L.] 

Cras'sus,  1  kras' us;  2  eras'us,  Marcus  Luclnius,  surnamed 
Dives,  or  The  Rich  (115-53  B.  C).  A  Roman  general  and 
statesman;  triumvir  with  Csesar  and  Pompey. 

crast.,  abbr.    [L.]    Crastina  (to»morrow). 

cratcht,  re.  An  open  framework;  rack;  crib.  [ <  F.  criche,  < 
OHG.  crippa,  crib] 

crate,  1  kret;  2  cnlt.  Id.  vt.  To  put  in  a  crate.  II.  n.  A 
large  wickerwork  hamper  or  framework  of  slats,  for 
transporting  various  articles.    [  <  L.  cratis,  wickerwork.  ] 

cra'ter,  1  kre'tsr;  2  cra'ter,  n.  1.  The  bowl=shaped  de- 
pression forming  the  outlet  of  a  volcano  or  of  a  hot 
spring.  2.  Any  large  bowl  or  cavity.  [<  Gr.  krater, 
mixing=vcssel.] 

craunch',  1  krancli:  2  cranch,  vl.  Same  as  crunch,  crancht- 

cra-vat',  1  kra-vat';  2  cra-vat',  n.  A  piece  of  cambric,  silk, 
or  the  like,  folded  and  passed  around  the  neck  and  shirt3 
collar,  and  tied  in  front;  a  neckcloth.     [  <  F.  cravate.] 

crave,  1  krev;  2  crav,  v.  [craved;  crav'ing.]  I.  t.  I.  To 
beg  for  humbly  and  earnestly.  2.  To  long  for.  3.  [Scot.] 
To  dun;  importune.  II.  i.  To  desire  or  entreat  humbly 
or  seriously:  with  for.     [AS.  cra/lan.]     Syn.:seeASK. 

cra'ven,  1  kre'vn;  2  cra'vn.  I.  a.  Lacking  in  courage; 
cowardly.  II.  re.  A  base  coward.  [<  L.OP  crepo, 
break.] — cra'ven-ly,  adv. 

crav'ing,  1  krev'in;  2  crav'ing,  n.     1.  A  natural  inherent 
yearning  or  appetite;  longing.     2.  A  begging;  beseech- 
ing.    Syn.:  see  appetite;  desire;  petition. 
— crav'lng-ly,  adv.— crav'lng-ness,  re. 

craw1,  1  kro;  2  era,  n.  The  first  stomach  or  crop  of  a 
bird.    [  <  Dan.  kro.] 

craw2,  re.  [Scot.]  A  rook  or  crow. 

craw 'fish",  1  kro'fisli";   2  era'flsh",  «. 
water    lobstcr=like    crustacean.    [  < 
OHG. of  chrebiz,  crab.]    cray'nsh"}. 

Craw'ford,  1  hro'fi/rd;  2  era/ford, 
Francis  Marlon  (1854-1909).  An 
American  novelist . 

crawl,  1  krol;  2  cral,  vi.  1.  To  move 
as  a  worm;  move  slowly  or  cau- 
tiously; creep.  2.  To  have  a  sensa- 
tion as  of  something  crawling  on  the 
body.  [<  Ice.  krafia,  paw,  crawl.] 
crallt.  Syn.:  see  lingeu.— crawl'lng- 
ly,  adv. 

crawl1,  re.  The  act  of  crawling;  a 
n  eeping  motion. 

crawl2,  re.  A  pen  or  enclosure  In  the 
water,  as  for  containing  Bsh,  etc,   [< 

I ).  krmil,  enclosure  | 

crawl  'cr,  l  krSl'sr;  2  cral'er,  n.  One  who 

or   that   which  crawls   or  creeps;   a 

reptile, 
crawl'y,  1  kr§l'i;2  eral'y,  n.   [Colloq.]   Having  a  sensation  as 

<>r  things  crawling  over  the  flesh, 
cray'fish",  1  kre'fisL";  2  cra'ftsh",  re.    A  crawfish. 
eras  'on,  1  krg'en;  2  era'on,  vt.    To  sketch  with  a  crayon; 

sketch;  design.— cray'on-ist,  n. 


A  small  fresh" 


i  'niu  Bsh, 


i         i       ••  «i     rOJe;  bot,  bOrn; 

ii  I  .    I       •  .  r<>.  not,  in,  won, 

•  1.1     ■  .      ■.  Ifltl    hi-    Ti   lit  i  llin'    •  ri  .III 


900 


i 


.  r  i    /  I  - 1  >  . 

I 

i  ri.ik   \  .  in  \k- 

I  ii  from, 

■  r  with 
1 

ir  in  t..r- 

Mng  n- 

i  cream 

.  r.  .mi   .  r-v  .  I .     \ 

.'.    \  butter- 
.  r.  .mi    \  .  [-1 

i  ri  .nil    l-llcs. 

\~'|N..    ] 

creas'er, 
like.    "i. 

.  particu- 


. 

I  .  illy,  to  pro- 

.'. 

'•. 
I  ■  with  :i  new 

•  make: 
■  r.  •  .  Hon,     .       i                                ng      'i. 

cre- 

-  .  ring  the  power 

i  r.  -i  i.,r.  I .  '  me  who  creates 

which 

taoretun     Syii  ere-a 'tor-ship,  n. 

ir.  .    .  I . 

:.  \  de- 
moting asylum.    [F.] 

1 

■.   \\ 

I 
.'. 
:.  table  or  Bhelf 

«•»■ 

•    ..f  /-/-../•/,  be- 

i 

I.  Thai 
fidencc 

-     pable  of  being 

PROB- 

-'    ■  lallty  of  being 

tl  i-i.l  .-in —  : 
. 

I  I 

.'■ 

II.  I. 

rity  of 

■■•  I  probity. 

•  i :  r AUK. 
—  ered-lt-a-bin-t),     n        rr.<ru-.-,-t,l  .-,, 


.ii..  ui  reflecting  1 1.  .in     pral  i 

.  i.  il    II- ,i-lil>  .  i ml  'l-lnr,   n 

•  ■  Indebted 

irr  .in,  .  •      I.   \  orood,  a  •  i  ho   \| 

■  .1    ii the  in  i(  word  in  t lie  I  atin 

,  I  i-  ii.  ■         .'.  \    ,  1 1 1 1 1 1 ■  i.. i    ii,, 

( l   | 
i  red  u-lou*,  i  kred'j  u  lus;  2  ci 

:  .1 

-ii  cre-du'll-tj ,  n,     i  bo  state  or 

lulous;  n  prononoss  ton pi  the  Iniprob 

■  ■   i  in-  marvelous     cred'u-lous-nesst.     Byn 

IIM 

One  of  a  tribe  of  the  Algonklan  stock  ol 
lean  Indians     <'r.  i 
i  reed,  I  krld     !  crod,  n     I.  A  formal  summai  y  of  rel 
ml  horitative  stab 

ri  th      r wo  c omprel  sown  a 

the  kpoatles'  Creed  and  the  Nlcene  Creedi 

Church  'ii  mo  t 

In  in  '.'.    rhat  which  i     believed;    docl  i  ine      I 

believe  i     8]  I  i  m. 

creek,  1  kill  I . 

in  the    h  in      '-'•  I '     S.]    V.  small  tidal  or  >  allej  -t  ri  am 
orlg.  bend  or  turn  i  i  beam. 

i  reel,  l  kill;  I  •   \  ivill 

'.'.  ^  cage  of  wiokerwork  f  or  catoning  lob- 
;{.  A  frame  in  a  Bpinning*maohine.    | 

ere.-1. 

creep,  1  kxlp;2er6p.  I.  st.  [crept;  creep'inq.]  I.  To 
move  as  :i  >.  rpent;  crawl,  'i.  To  move  slowly,  imper- 
ceptibly, secretly,  or  stealthily  '.I.  To  exhibit  servility ; 
cringe  4.  To  ha  v.-  a  sensation  as  ••!  contact  with  crei  p- 
bag  things.  11.  n.  1.  The  act  of  creeping,  'I.  pi  \ 
nervous  sensation  ts  creeping  on  the  flesh. 

:t  .  \  alow  movement  or  slight  jtir,  I-  \.8.  credpan.] 
s.vn  :  creep'er,  n.    I.  One  who  or  that  which 

;.  k.  creeping  or  climbing  plant  8.  One  of  various 
lapted  foi  creeping  about  the  branohesol  trees,  4. 
An  Iron  with  sharp  points,  attached- to  the  bool  i<>  avoid 
slipping,  a.s  iii  climbing  or  in  walking  on  Ice.  5.  <  me  of  vari- 
ous Blow»moving  mechanisms,  -creep'lng-ly,  adv.  By 
creeping  movements.-  creep 'y,  a.  creep 'My,  adv. — 
creep'1-ness, 

creese,   1    krts;  2   erB8,  ').      A  Malayan  darner  with  a  waved 

blade.    [<  Malay  Arts,  dagger.]    crease}:  krlst. 

cre-mate'f  1  krl-m§t';  2  ere^mat',  it.    (-mat'kij'1;  -mat'- 

im.  ]    To  burn  up;  reduce  to  ashes.     (<  L.  cremo   (pp. 

burn.]    S.vn.:  see  bi  k\      cre-ma'tlon,  n.     i  hi 

act  or  practise  of  burning,  especially  of  burning  the  dead 

cre-ma'tor,  n.-  cre'ma-to-ry,  n.    [-riks*,  pi .]    A  place 

for   cremating   dead   bodies.      crc"ina-to'ri-iim;. 
creme,  1   l.ram;  2  .rem.  n.    [V.]    1.  (ream:  used  Iii  names  of 
ces  or  liqueurs,  as  crime  de  menthe.     '.'■  \ 

white  sauce  for  meat  or  vegetables,  creme  de  la  creme, 
literally,  cream  of  the  cream;  the  very  pick;  most  choice. 

Cre- 'na.  1   l.ri-mo'ii...  2  "  n-mo'iia,  n.     I.  A  province  (685 

-.I   m.;  pop  ombardy,  Italy.    2.  Its  capital  (pop 

U  7"l    ,  famous  for  Its  (  lollns      3.  Any  violin  made  at  <  're- 

mona,  from  the   16th  to  the   18th  century,  by  the  Amatl 
oi  i»     Vntonlo  Stradivari  and  Josef '  tuarnerlus. 
cre'nate,  l  kri'nSt;  2  erS'nSt,  a.    Scalloped  or  toothed  with 

even,  rounded  notchi   .  a    b  leal  or  margin.    [<  L.  crena, 

notch.]    cre'nat-edj. 
cre-nelle',  1  kn-nel'; :.'  ere-nSr,  n.    Irch    1.  An  embrasure  ol 

a  battlement.    8.  A  battlement.    [Ol   .       i  i    crenellus,  dim. 

..f  i.   crena,  notch.]    eren'e-Iate,  vt    &    <     To  fortll    oi 

decorate  with  bat  tli  !  loopholes  through,   crcn'- 

cl-lale:.      cren"e-la'lioii,  n.    ereii"el-la'tionI. 

cre'ole,  1  kxl'6l;2  ere'ol,  ".  t.  A  native  of  Spanish  Amer- 
i  oi  the  Weal  Indies,  ..t  European  parentage.  2. 
In  i.  ;     A  native  descended  from  French  or 

Spanish  ancestors  by  either  parent,  or  a  white  native 
wh..  speaks  French.  (2)  A  native  born  negro,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  one  brought  from  Africa.  |  <  .Sp.F  cri- 
ollo,  negro.]    cre'ole,  u. 

Cre 'on,  l  krt'en;2  ere'on,  r».  Or.  Myth.  A  king  of  i  in  ibi  ■  who 
surrendered  his  throne  to  (Edlpus. 

cre'o-sote,  1  krl'o-sot;  2  cre'o-sot,  n.    An  oily  liquid  com- 

Cound  distilled  from  wood  and  having  a  smoky  odoi  ind 
urniii;-  taste:  used  as  an  antiseptic,  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  timber,  etc.  |<  Or.  kreas,  flesh,  +  soter,  pre- 
server. <  sozo.  preserve.] 

erepe,  1  krSp;2erep,  n.    See  crape,  n. 

crep'i-tate,  1  krep'i-t£t;  2  crep'i-tat,  vi.  [-tat"ed;  -tat"- 
im.  1  To  make  a  succession  of  quick  snapping  sounds; 
crackle;  rattle.  (<  L.  crepito,  freq.  of  crepo,  creak.] — 
crep'l-tant,  a.  —  crep"l-ta'tlon,  n. 

crept,  l  krepl .  2  crept.  Imp.  of  creep,  r. 

cre-pu-  'cu-iar,  l  kn-pos'klu-lar;  2  ere-pus'eO-Iar,  a.  Per- 
tabling  to  or  appearing  In  twilight.    [<  L.  cfepiucvlum;  ■ 


j.:d=  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    Ml  =  out;    ell;     10  =  feud:    dlin;    go;    t)  =  a\ng;    fhin,   this.         Crayon 
201       2:  wolf,  djj;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.        crinoid 


Cressets. 


creper,  dark.]  cre-pus'cu-lousj. — cre-pus'cle§,  re.  The 
twilight  of  morning  or  evening;  dusk,  cre-pus'culet;  cre- 
pus'cu-lumt. 

ores.,  cresc,  abbr.    Crescendo. 

eres-oen'do,  1  kre-shen'do;  2  cre-shSn'do.  I.  a.  Slowly 
increasing  in  loudness  or  power.  II.  re.  Mus.  A  gradual 
increase  in  the  force  of  sound.    [L.u  cresco,  grow.] 

cres 'cent,  1  kres'ent;  2  eres'Snt.  I.  a.  1.  Increasing: 
said  of  the  moon  in  its  first  quarter.  2.  Crescent= 
shaped.  II.  re.  1.  The  visible  part  of  the  moon  in  its 
first  or  last  quarter;  the  new  or  old  moon.  2.  Something 
crescent«shaped,  as  the  device  on  the  Turkish  standard; 
hence,  the  Turkish  or  Mohammedan  power.  [  <  L. 
crescen(t-)s,  ppr.  of  cresco,  increase.] — cres-cen'tlc,  a.  Cres- 
ccnt=shaped. 

crcs'civell,  1  kres'iv;  2  cres'iv,  a.    Growing;  increasing. 

cress,  1  kres;  2  cres,  n.  One  of  various  plants  of  the  mus- 
taid  family,  having  a  pungent  taste  and  used  as  salads. 
[  <  AS.  cserse,  cressa.] 

cres 'set,    1   kres'et;    2   eres'et,   n.     A   frame   or  vessel 
mounted  to  hold  a  torch  or  beacon; 
a   burning   light.     [<  OD.OP  kruysel, 
<  kruyse,  a  cup.  pot.] 

Cres'sl-da,  1  kres'i-da;  2  eres'i-da,  re. 
Daughter  of  Calchas.  unfaithful  to 
Troilus:  proverbial  for  infidelity. 

crestd,  1  krest;  2  crest,  v.  I.  t.  To 
serve  as  a  crest  for;  crown.  II.  i. 
To  take  the  form  of  a  crest. 

crest,  re.  1.  A  comb  or  tuft  on  the  head  of  a  fowl;  projec- 
tion on  the  top  of  a  helmet;  a  plume;  tuft.  2.  The  ridge 
of  a  wave  or  of  a  mountain;  the  top  of  anything.  3.  A 
heraldic  device;  coat  of  arms.  4.  Loftiness;  pride;  cour- 
age. [  <  OF.  creste,  <  L.  crista,  tuft.]  erestet;  cristf. 
— crest'ed,  a.  Bearing  a  crest.— crcst'fal"lcii,  a.  Having 
the  crest  or  head  lowered;  dispirited;  dejected. 

cre-ta'ceous,  1  kn-te'sTius;  2  ere-ta'shus,  a.  1.  Consist- 
ing of  or  related  to  chalk;  chalky.  2.  [C-]  Geol.  Per- 
taining to  or  characteristic  of  the  third  and  latest  of  the 
periods  comprised  in  the  Mesozoic  era."  [<L.creta,  chalk.] 

Crete,  1  krit;  2  eret.  re.  An  island  (3,326  sq.  m.;  pop.  310.000) 
in  eastern  Mediterranean  sea. — Cre'tan,re.  &n. — Cre't!e,a. 

cre'tin,  1  kri'tin;  2  cre'tin,  re.  A  person  affected  with  cretin- 
ism. [<  F.  cretin.]— cre'tin-ism,  re.  An  incurable  malady 
characterized  by  bodily  deformity  and  mental  imbecility: 
peculiar  to  mountain  regions. — cre'tin-ous,  a. 

cre-tonne',  1  kri-ton';  2  cre-ton',  n.  An  unglazed  cotton 
fabric  printed  on  one  side  in  colored  patterns.  [F.,  < 
name  of  first  maker.] 

Cre-u'sa,  1  kn-u'sa;  2 !  cre-u'sa,  n.  Or.  Myth.  A  daughter  of 
Priam,  wife  of  ^Eneas;  killed  or  lost  at  the  capture  of  Troy. 

cre-vasse',  1  kri-vas';  2  cre-vas',  re.  1.  A  deep  fissure,  as 
in  a  glacier.    2.  [U.  S.]  A  breach  in  a  levee.    [F.] 

crev'iee,  )  1  krev'is;  2  crgv'ie,  n.    A  small  fissure  or  crack. 

crev'is8,  )  [  <  F.  crevasse,  <  crever,  break.] 
Syn.:  see  breach. 

crew  II,  1  kru;  2  cru.  imp.  of  chow.  v. 

crew,  re.  1.  The  company  of  seamen  belonging  to  a  vessel. 
2.  Any  company  of  men  working  together;  a  crowd; 
gang.    Syn.:  see  cabal.    [Cp.  accrue.] 

crew 'el,  1  krG'el;  2  cru'el,  n.  A  slaekly  twisted  worsted 
yarn,  used  in  fancy=work. 

crib,  1  krib;  2  crib.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [cribbed,  ciunn8;  crib'- 
binc]  1.  To  enclose  in  a  crib;  confine  closely.  2. 
[Colloq.]  To  use  a  crib;  steal;  plagiarize.  3.  To  bite 
the  crib,  as  a  horse.  4.  To  line  (the  walls  of  a  pit  or 
shaft)  with  timbers  or  planking.  II.  re.  1.  A  rack,  man- 
ger, or  stall  for  cattle.  2.  A  child's  bedstead,  with  side 
railings.  3.  A  box  or  bin  for  grain.  4.  A  small  rail. 
5.  A  frame  of  wood  or  timber,  as  U>  retain  a  bank  of 
earth.  6.  A  petty  theft,  or  the  thing  taken  ;  plagiarism; 
also,  a  translation  or  other  unauthorized  aid  in  study. 

7.  Colloq.]  A  house,  cottage,  lodging,  etc.  H.  See 
cribbage.     [<  AH.  crib]    cribbct :  crybj.  —  crib  'ber, 

n. — crlb'blllK,  re.     1.  The  act  of  Cribbing.    '!.  Same  as  rum, 

n.,  5.— crib'sblte",  vt.  To  bite  a  crib  or  the  like,  a1  the  same 
time  drawing  in  the  breath  with  a  peculiar  sound:  said  of  a 
horse. — c.*blter.  re. — crib 'work",  n.  A  frame  of  logs  ailed 

In  with  stones:  used  to  support  wharves  or  to  prevent  wa- 
ter from  washing  out  ground. 

crlb'bage,  1  krib'ij;  2  ertb'aE,  n.  A  game  of  cards,  in 
which  each  player  discards  two  Cards  to  form  a  crib,  the 
points  in  which  count  for  the  dealer. 

crlb'ble,  1  krib'l:  2  crlb'l.  I.  vt.  [crib'bled;  crib'BLINO.]  To 
separate  with  a  coarse  sieve  or  riddle;  sift.  II.  u.  I.  A 
coarse  sieve.  2.  Coarse  flour  or  meal.  I  F  crible,  i  i. 
CHbellum,  dim.  of  L.  crihnim,  sieve.]  crlb'lcf.  -crib'- 
bled, pa.  Covered  with  small  punctures  or  dots,  as  In  en- 
graving or  the  decoration  of  wood  or  metal. 


Crich'ton,  1  krai'tan;  2  crt'ton,  James,  called  The  Admi- 
rable C.  (15G0-15S2).    A  Scottish  scholar  and  soldier. 

crick,  1  krik;  2  crik,  n.  A  spasmodic  affection  of  the 
muscles,  as  of  the  neck;  a  cramp.  [Cp.  crook.] — 
crick,  vt.    To  turn  or  twist  so  as  to  produce  a  crick. 

crick 'etl,  1  krik'et;  2  crlk'et,  re.  A  leaping  insect  with 
long  antennae,  the  male  of  which  makes  a  chirping  sound 
by  friction  of  the  fore  wings.  [  <  T).v  krie  ken,  creak,  chirp.] 

crick 'et2,  n.  An  outdoor  game  played  with  bats,  a  ball, 
and  wickets,  between  two  opposing  sides  numbering 
eleven  each:  called  the  national  game  of  England. 
[Perh.  <  OF.  criquet,  stick.] 

crick'et3,  n.  A  footstool.   [Cp.  AS.  crice,  crutch.] 

crick'et-er,l  krik'et-ar;  2  crik'et-er,  n.   A  cricket=player. 

cried,  1  kraid;2  crjd,  imp.  of  cry,  b. 

cri'er,  1  krai'ar;  2  crl'er,  re.  One  who  publicly  cries  sales, 
losses,  etc.    [  <  F.  crieur,  <  crier;  see  cry,  v.] 

crim.,  abbr.  Criminal.— crim.  con.,  abbr.  Criminal  conver- 
sation. 

crime,  1  kroim;  2  crlm,  n.  1.  Laiv.  An  act  that  subjects 
the  doer  to  legal  punishment.  2.  Any  grave  offense 
against  morality  or  social  order.  [F.,  <  L.  crimen, 
crime.]    Syn.:  see  abomination;  offense;  sin. 

Cri-me'a,  1  kn-mi'a;  2  cri-me'a,  re.  A  Russian  peninsula  on 
theN.  coast  of  the  Rlack  Sea.— Cri-me'an,  a.  &  re.— Cri- 
mean war  (1854-1S56),  a  war  mainly  in  the  Crimea;  Russia 
opposed  Turkey,  England,  and  France. 

crim'i-nal,  1  krim'i-nal;  2  erim'i-nal.  I.  a.  Relating  to, 
implying,  or  guilty  of  crime.  II.  re.  One  who  has  com- 
mitted an  offense  punishable  by  law. 

Syn.:  abominable,  culpable,  felonious,  flagitious,  guilty, 
illegal,  immoral,  iniquitous,  nefarious,  sinful,  unlawful,  vi- 
cious, vile,  wicked,  wrong.  Every  criminal  act  is  illegal  or 
unlawful,  but  illegal  or  unlawful  acts  may  not  be  criminal. 
Offenses  against  public  law  are  criminal;  offenses  against 
private  rights  are  merely  illegal  or  unlawful.  As  a  general 
rule,  all  acts  punishable  by  fine  or  imprisonment  or  both  are 
criminal  in  view  of  the  law.  It  is  illegal  for  a  man  to  trespass 
on  another's  land,  but  it  is  not  criminal;  the  trespasser  is 
liable  to  a  civil  suit  for  damages,  but  not  to  indictment,  fine, 
or  imprisonment.  A  felonious  act  is  a  criminal  act  of  an  ag- 
gravated kind,  which  is  punishable  by  imprisonment  in  the 
penitentiary  or  by  death.  A  flagitious  crime  is  one  that 
brings  public  odium.  Vicious  refers  to  the  indulgence  of  evil 
appetites,  habits,  or  passions;  vicious  acts  are  not  necessarily 
criminal,  or  even  illegal;  we  speak  of  a  vicious  horse.  That 
which  is  iniquitous,  i.  e.,  contrary  to  equity,  may  sometimes 
be  done  under  the  forms  of  law.  Ingratitude  is  sinful,  hypoc- 
risy is  wicked,  but  neither  is  punishable  by  human  law;  hence 
neither  is  criminal  or  illegal.  See  immoral.  Compare  sin. 
— Ant.:  innocent,  just,  lawful,  legal,  meritorious,  moral, 
right,   virtuous. 

— crim"i-na!'i-t>',  re.  crim 'i-nal-nesst. — crim 'I-nal- 
ly,  adv.— crim'I-nate,  vt.  [-NAT*EDd;  -nat'ing.]  To  ac- 
cuse of  or  implicate  in  crime.  — crim"i-na'tion.  re.  The  act 
of  criminating — crim'i-na-tiv(es,  a. — crim'i-na"(or,  re. 
An  accuser. — crim'i-na-to-ryt,  a.  Accusing;  involving  ac- 
cusation.— crim"l-nol'o-Kist,  n.  An  expert  in  criminology. 
— crim"I-nol'o-gy,  re.  The  scientific  study  and  investiga- 
tion of  crime  and  criminals. 

crimp,  1  krimp;  2  crimp.  I1,  vt.  1.  To  bend  or  press  into 
ridges  or  folds;  corrugate;  flute.  2.  To  gash  (he  Qesh  of 
with  a  knife,  as  fish  before  cooking.  3.  |Eng.]  Todecoy 
and  detain  for  impressment,  as  sailors.  II.  a.  1.  Brittle 
and  crisp;  friable.  2.  Inconsistent  or  contradictory.  3. 
Stiff,  as  if  starched.  III.  n .  1.  Anything  crimped,  as  a 
lock  of  hair.  2.  A  crimper.  3.  A  decoy  or  extortioner. — 
crimp'agc,  re.  The  act  of  crimping,  crinup'cr,  ».  One 
who  or  dial  which  crimps;  a  crlmplng«machlne.— crlm'- 

5»l(ep.    l.vt.&vi.    [crim'pl(e)dp;  crim'plinq.]  Towrinkle. 
l./».     A  wrinkle,      crlmp'y,  a.     [CRIMP'l-ER;  CRLMP'l-EST.] 

Wavy;  frizzled,  as  hair. 
crim 'son,  1  krim'zn;  2  erfm'gn.    I.  vt.  &  vi.    To  make  or 

become  crimson;  redden;  blush.  II.  a.  Of  the  color 
called  crimson;  deep  dyed.  III.  ft,  A  red  color  having 
a  tinge  of  blue;  deep  red.  [lit.  <  Ar.  qarmazi,  crim- 
son |     Syn.:  see  BLOOD!  . 

cringe,  1  krinj ;  2  ering.  Lot.  [cringed;  cking'ing.]  To 
crouch  in  servilitj  or  cowardice;  fawn.  Q.  n,  A.servile 
crouching     I  ■     \s.  cringan,  yield  ] 

crln'glc,  1  krln'el;  3  erln'gl,  n     Vatii     k.nc  i  oi  I tin  a  rope, 

sail.  etc.    [  <  Ice.  krinala,  circle. 1 

crl'llKe,  1  knii'nuil:  2  crl'nlt.  a.  1.  Having  or  bearded  With 
long  weak  lialrs.      i.   Resembling  a   lull   of  lialr.     [<    L.  crt- 

,nhi :.  np  ol  i  rlnio,  cover  with  hair,       o  tnis,  hair  I 
crin'kKe1',  1  krin'UI;2crln'kl     [.ol  &»i     [crin'xl(b)d*; 

crin'kling  I  To  form  or  move  with  folds  or  wnnkles.  II. 

n.     V.  wrinkle;  ripple;  twist,    crtn'cklet-     crmTdy.a 
crl'nold,  l  kral'neld  or  krln'eld;  2  erl'nOid  or  crtn'old,    I.  a. 

or  or  pertal g  '"  the  Crinotdea,    crl-nol'dalt.    •'•  "- 

(  imp  wt  me  <  'Hnoidt  a 


t  Hu< 


i  0        o'.ftr;   full,  rftlr;   but.  bOm; 

It,  I        i  i  ,  won,    'Ht'i 


..l 


i 


ii 


ii 


rrll  . 

ri-on,  I 


webbed      IK  ,  <  Gr.1 
udilc  I     criii •  "«t— «1 1 ■  'l-aii.  .i.  .v  n.     «toc"« 


I .    \ 
I 

I  I  r  i  ii  U 1«- : 

II  i 

'.'.  ; 
i 

-i>. 
i 

I  'iiu; 

i    Salnl 

■ 

I.  iogono 

■  lie  liki-. 

11!. 
crow  ■  hi,  for 

'i.     [-id-  \ .  j>!  ] 

ion,    < 

I .  ■.  thing 

'.'.  <  Ine  who 
.(. 
I  ■  w     |  <  F.  critique,  <  L. 

■  t  II  i-<    !.         I . 

• 

t  "..  i  if  the  na- 

rrll   ■-■  d-lj .  i  ill  'l-r  il-n.  -  -. 

i  I  criticizing.     '.'.    \ 

' .-  •  -   '  .'  tu-  ..:."•■.•    -  •. .  n-  or  unfavnrsMc  Judgment. 

pcclally 

IS'ING.] 

I  l  of  In. T:it lire  or  art  . 

II.  Critical 

Iwlcmrat.  Svn  rrlt'l-cli"a-bl(c        -(  I-  - 

»-m  r  .        ert-tlqa<  i.  critical  review. 

I  .         I .  harsh  guttur- 

•  ilk  <h»l>'full . 
II. 

foreboding  ipeech.     [^ 

croak 'er.n. 

trilmal  that  croaks. 

I  i   native  of  ( 'roatla,  In 

llghi  cavalry 

•  ro-a'tlan   . 

*  r'"'  '"  '   •  '■  [<  no- 

.  1  kro- 

chet.    II. 

by  looping  or  en- 

:  needle.     [!•'. 

'  r"'  k  .  I  tore  in  a  crock, 

"■  i  potsherd 

1  M 

1 

Earthenware. 

<  r.--k  ■     ■  i, 

' /"*n  frontier--  ,t,,|  |,y 

'.  large  lizard- 
Lead  u  longer  ar. 


I  i. .,-u  .. 


cbon'xng  ]    To 


dll  i 

i  ro  .  u.    .  I.    A    plant  of  (In-   n  i  . 

•.    \  t.  ,1  ..i  \ ollow  pi 

-,      Wlll'l        []     ,  •  .    I  1|  .  I.  /. 

i  r.i   -u~.  :  \  wealthy 

:  .i  (6th  century  n  i 

Krol  'M 

croft,  L  kroft;  2  croft,  n.  1.  A  I 

field  in  ai  :i  house.     '!.  [Sool  1    \ 

nail  farm.    I 
.  r..n  .r.  n      \  tenant  ouli 
.•roft  [chapel. 

.  r..n.    .  \n  underground  cell  or 

<  rok.-'.       i  •  ■  bend  Ide. 

i  r lech,  i  I   om  Ii  h .  g  crAm'let  \n 

anclenl  sepulchral  monument  ol  unhewn 

i  ompare  dolmen.    |\\ ., 
bent,    I   Ueen,  Oal  si 1 

Crom'well,  1  krem'wel;  :_'  crom'wei,  n.    I. 
oilier  i  Protector  ol 

t.   Thomas 
1640),    Earl   of    Essex;    I 
statesman;  beheaded. 

«Toiie.  1   kron;  2  eron.     I.  ri.     |.  hum  n; 

tulk  lik«-  a  crone.    II.  n.    A  withered  ol.l  woman:  some- 
times also  applied  to  a  man.    [Cp.  OD.  Jfcrom'e,  old  ewe  | 

Cron'Je,  1  kren'ys;  :.'  crfin'ye,  Pfel  Arnoldus  (1836  -1911). 
,\  Boer  general;  surrendered  to  the  British  ;ii  Paardeberg, 
27,  1900. 

Cron'stadt,  l  kron'stat;  2  crfin'stiit,  ».  A  fortified  Kusslan 
seapon  (pop.  67.000),  Gulf  ol  Finland. 

Cro'nus,  n.    Same  as  ECronos. 

cro'ny,  1  kr6'm;2  erd'ny,  n.  [cbo'ntes1,  /)l]  A  familiar 
friend.    |V:ir.  of  cbon  b  | 

crook,  1  kruk;  2  erook.  I*,  if.  &  ri.  To  bend;  make  or 
grow  crooked.  II.  n.  1.  A  bond  or  curve;  something 
li.nt  or  crooked.  'I.  An  implement  with  a  orooked  ir 
hooked  end.  3.  [Colloq.]  A  professional  criminal;  a 
sharper.  Syn.:  see  bend;  twist,  erook'baek",  n.  A  per- 
son with  b  crooked  bark:  a  hunchback.  crouch 'back";. 
crook 'backed",  a.  crook 'neck",  n.  One  of  several  yel- 
low varlet  les  ol  squash:  named  from  its  long  recurved  neck. 
rrook'ed.a  I.  Not  straight;  having  angles  or  curves.  '£. 
Nol  straightforward  In  conduct:  dishonest.  Syn.:  see  m- 
Ki  oi  rLAR.     crook 'ed-ly,  a<tr.     erook 'ed-ness,  n. 

Crookes,  1  kruks;  2  crooks,  Sir  William  (1832-        ).     An 
b  ;ii .  slclsl .  chemist,  and  author. — Crookes's  space, 
tube.    See  SPACE,  tide. 

Croon,  1  krfm;  2  erobn,  vt.  &  vi.  To  sing  or  hum  in  a  low, 
monotonous  manner.  [Imitative.]  croon,  n.  A  low 
moan  or  monotonous  song. 

etOp,  1  krop;  2  crop,  v.     [CROPPED1  or  CBOPT;  CROp'piNG.l 

1.  /.     1.  To  cut  or  eat  "IT  the  stems  or  the  ends  oi 
getables,  etc.);  also,  to  gather,  as  a  crop,  by 

plucking  or  reaping;  mow;  roup.     'i.  To  cut  off  closely, 
oradog'sears.    II.  t.   To  appear  above  the 

surface;   sprout:    usually   with   up  or  out.     cropef; 

eropper. 
i nip,         1.  Cultivated  plants  or  grains  collectively;  also, 

the  8oil«product  of  a  particular  kind,  place,  or  season; 

harvest.    2.  The  act  of  cutting.    3.  The  first  stomach  of 

a  bird;  a  Craw.     4.  A  growth  of  hair  or  beard.     5.  A 

hunting,  or  riding=whip  with  a  leather  loop  for  a  lash. 
/>.  hi.  bunch.]     Syn.:  see  harvest;  product. 
crop 'pet,  n.    Same  as  crupper. 
crop'per1,  1  krep'ar;  2  erop'Sr,  n.    1.  C)ne  who  raises  crops  on 

shares.    '£■  a  tool  or  machine  thai  crops. 
crop'per',  n.    A  fall  headlong  as  from  a  horse. 
cro-quet'i  1   kro-kS';  2  ero-ke/.     I.  vl.     [cuo-QtjQTED'; 

CBO-QUEVlNa  ]     In  croquet,  to  drive  away  (an  adversa- 
ry's ball)  by  a  particular  stroke.    II.  ».    1.  A  lawn*game 
A  by  from  two  to  eight  tK  tsons,  with  balls,  mallets, 
win- arches,  and  stakes.    2,  The  act  of  croqueting.    [<  F. 

<   1!".  II  KT.) 

ero-qnette',  1  kro-ket';  2  ero-k6t',  n.  A  ball  or  cake  of  pre- 
viously cooked  minced  food,  tried  brown.  [F.,  <  croquer, 
cram 

ero'sler,  eroslet,  n.    same  as  crozteh,  crosslet. 

croas',  1  krSs;  2  eros,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  mark,  fold,  lay,  or 
move  across;  traverse;  intersect.  2.  To  cancel,  as  by 
■  Mi  off  or  out.  3.  To  obstruct;  hinder; 
contradict;  irritate.  4.  To  make  the  sign  of  the  cross 
upon.  5.  To  mix  with  a  different  variety  or  strain.  II. 
i.  1.  To  cross  each  other;  move  across  something.  2. 
To  JnterbrecJ-    Syn.:  see  c&ncf.l. 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    mi  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  fewd;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sin,?;    fhin,    this.      Crinoldea 
203     2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    ttlis.  crown 


r  symbol  resembling  a  cross.    6.  A  mixing  of 

t+tw 


cross,  a.  Resulting  from  or  expressive  of  ill  humor;  ill- 
tempered;  peevish.  [Partly  <  across,  partly  <  cross, 
re.]  Syn.:  see  captious;  fretful.— cross'ly,  adv.— cross'- 
ness,  n. 

cross,  n.  1.  An  ancient  instrument  of  torture  consisting 
of  two  crossed  timbers,  on  which  the  condemned  were 
fastened  and  exposed  until  they  died.  2.  Hence,  as  the 
instrument  of  Christ's  death,  an  emblem  of  Christian- 
ity. 3.  [C-]  Christianity,  or  the  Atonement.  4.  Some- 
thing endured  for  Christ's  sake;  trial;  tribulation.  5. 
A  mark  or  symbol  resembling  a  cross.  6.  A  mixing  of 
breeds 
an  ani- 
mal of 
mixed 
breed 
hence, 
anything  • 
i  n  terme- 
diate  be- 
t  w  e  e  n 
two  other 
things.  7.  Common  Crosses. 

An      old      1-  Ansated.      2.  Greek.      3.  Latin.     4.  Tau  Cross.     5.  Swastika. 

En  _  1 ;  _u  C.  St.  Andrews.     7.  Maltese.     8.  Lorraine.     9.  Trefoil.    10.  Potent. 
PS11!?  11.  Anchor.     12.  Papal. 

com.      8. 

An  ornament,  in  some  form  of  the  cross,  worn  as  a  dis- 
tinction. .  [  <  L.  crux  (cruris),  cross.] 
cross||,arfp.  1.  Across;  crosswise;  transversely.  2.  Adverse- 
ly; contrarily;  counter.  Cross  Is  used  as  the  first  element 
of  many  compound  words  (often  mistakenly  written  as 
two  words);  as,  cross-march,  cross-points,  etc.  —  cross's 
bar",  re.  A  transverse  bar  used  in  any  structure.  —  c 
barred,  a.  1.  Secured  by  transverse  bars;  as,  a  cross-barred 
door.  2.  Marked  by  transverse  bars. — cross  'bill",  n.  A 
finch-like  bird,  the  points  of  whose 
mandibles  cross  each  other  when  the 
beak  is  closed.  cross'beak"t. — 
c. 'bones,  re.  pi.  A  representation 
of  two  bones  crossing,  usually  sur- 
mounted by  a  skull,  as  a  symbol  of 
death. — cross 'bow",  re.  A  missili 
weapon  consisting  of  a  bow 
fixed  transversely  upon  a  stock. 
— cross  'bo  w"man,  re.  —  c 
bred,  a.  Produced  by  a  mix- 
ing of  breeds;  hybrid;  mongrel. 
— c. 'breed,  re.  A  breed  or 
animal  produced  by  cross*  breeding;  a  hybrid.  —  c.= 
breeding,  re. — cbun,  re.  A  circular  cake  or  bun  marked 
with  a  cross,  as  eaten  on  Good  Friday.  —  c. 'buttock, 
n.  A  throw  in  wrestling  in  which  the  wrestler,  having  his 
back  to  his  opponent,  throws  him  over  his  hip;  hence,  any 
sudden  setback. — c. 'Country,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a 
route  across  the  country  fields  and  lots,  regardless  of  the 
roads. — cross'cut",  vl.  To  cut  crosswise  or  through;  run 
across;  Intersect. — ccut,  a.  1.  Used  or  made  for  the  pur- 
pose of  cutting  something  across;  as,  a  cross-cut  saw.  2.  Cut 
on  the  bias;  as,  a  cross-cut  silk. — ccut,  re.  A  cut  across,  or 
a  short  cut. — c. 'examine,  vt.  Law.  To  question  anew  (a 
witness  called  by  the  opposing  party)  for  the  purpose  of 
testing  the  reliability  of  (his)  previous  testimony;  hence,  to 
cross-question  generally. — reexamination,  re. — c. 'exam- 
iner, re. — ceye,  re.  See  strabismus. — ceyed,  a.  Affect- 
ed with  strabismus.  —  c. 'fertilize,  vt.  lint.  To  fertilize 
(a  flower,  etc.)  by  the  male  element  from  another  flower  or 
individual. — c. 'fertilization,  re. — c. 'grained,  a.  1.  Hav- 
ing the  grain  gnarled  and  hard  to  cut;  as,  a  cross-grained 
board.  2.  Hard  to  please  or  persuade;  stubborn;  perverse; 
as,  a  cross-grained  fellow. — C 'hatch,  vt.  To  shade,  as  a 
picture,  by  crossed  lines. — c. 'hatching,  re.  Shading  by 
means  of  crossed  lines,  either  diagonal  or  rectangular, 
C.'Jack,  re.  Naut.  The  sail  carried  on  the  cross-Jack  yard, 
the  l3wer  yard  on  the  mizzeninast  of  a  full-rigged  ship  — 
c. 'pollination,  re.  1.  Cross-fertilization  of  flowering 
plants.  2§.  Hybridization. — c. 'purpose,  re.  1.  A  purpose 
which  antagonizes  another;  a  conflicting  aim.  2.  pi.  A  con- 
versational game  In  which  questions  and  answers  having  no 
natural  connection  are  brought  together.  — c. 'question,  vt. 
To  question  minutely  or  in  different  ways,  especially  to 
elicit  facts  that  the  one  questioned  is  reluctant  to  give. 
c. 'reference,  re.  A  reference  from  one  passage  In  a  booh  or 
catalog  to  another  passage  on  the  same  subject.— c.'rowt, 
n.  The  alphabet. — c.'ruff,  re.  Same  as  seesaw,  re.,  4. — 
cstltch,  re.  A  double  stitch  In  the  form  of  a  cross. — 
cross 'tree",  re.  Naut.  One  of  the  pieces  of  wood  or  Iron  set 
crosswise  at  the  head  of  a  mast  to  extend  the  shrouds:  usu- 
ally In  the  plural. 
cross'illg,  1  kros'irj;   2  cros'ing,  n.     1.  The  place  where 

something,  as  a  roadway  or  waterway,  may  be  crossed. 

2.  Intersection,  as  of  threads  or  roads.     3.  The  act  of 

crossing,  in  any  sense. 


cross'let,  1  kres'let;  2  cros'let,  n.  A  small  cross,  crosse'- 
lett. 

cross'sroad",  1  kres'-rod";  2  cros'-rod",  re.  A  road  that 
crosses  another,  or  that  crosses  from  one  main  road  to 
another.  cross'*way"t. — cross 'roads",  re.  A  place 
where  roads  cross:  often  marked  by  a  rural  settlement. 

cross 'wise,  1  kres'waiz;  2  cros'wlg,  adv.  1.  Across:  some- 
times with  to.    2.  In  the  form  of  a  cross. 

crotch,  1  krecTi;  2  croch,  n.  A  point  of  division  or  diver- 
gence; fork.    [Var.  of  crook.] 

crotched,  1  krocTit;  2  crocht,  a.    1.  Having  a  crotch;  forked. 

2.  Ill-tempered;  cross;  peevish;  crotchety. 

crotch 'et,  1  krecVet;  2  eroch'gt,  re.  1.  A  whimsical  no- 
tion; a  conceit;  an  eccentricity.  2.  Mus.  A  quarter 
note.  3.  A  small  hook.  [  <  F.  crochet,  small  hook,  qua- 
ver.] Syn.:  see  whim. — crotch 'et-y,  a.  Whimsical;  eccen- 
tric.    Svn.:  see  fickle;  queer. — crotch 'et-i-ness,  re. 

Cro'ton,  1  kro'tan;  2  cro'ton,  n.  Bot.  1.  An  enormous  genus 
of  widely  dispersed  trees  and  shrubs  of  the  spurge  family.  2. 
[c-]  A  plant  of  this  genus.  [<  Gr.  croton,  tick,  shrub.] — 
cro'ton 'Oil",  re.  An  oil  obtained  from  the  seeds  of  a  plant 
of  the  genus  Croton.    ft  is  a  powerful  purgative. 

cro'ton'bug",  1  kro'tan-bug";  2  cro'ton-bug",  re.  A  light- 
colored  cockroach  introduced  into  the  United  States  from 
Europe.  [  <  Croton  Lake,  one  of  the  sources  of  the  water- 
supply  for  New  York  City.] 

crouch1,  1  kraucli ;  2  crouch,  vi.  To  stoop  low,  as  a  per- 
son in  fear  or  an  animal  making  ready  to  spring;  cringe. 
[Var.  of  crook;  cp.  crutch,  re.] 

croup1,  1  krup;  2  crup,  n.  A  disease  of  the  throat,  with 
the  formation  of  a  false  membrane;  loosely,  inflamma- 
tion of  the  larynx.  [Sc] — croup 'ous,  a.  Of ,  like,  or  af- 
fected by  croup,    eroup'yj. 

croup2,  n.  The  rump;  portion  of  a  horse's  back  behind 
the  saddle.    [  <  F.  croupe,  crupper.]    croupe;. 

crou'pi-cr,  1  kru'pi-ar;  2  cru'pi-er,  re.  1.  One  in  charge  of  a 
gamingtable,  collecting  winnings  and  paying  losses.  2.  The 
assistant  chairman  at  a  public  dinner.    [F.] 

crouse,  1  krus;  2  erus,  a.  [Scot.]  Contented  and  jolly;  frisky: 
saucy.    [<  LG.  krils.  crisp] — crouse'ly,  adv.    crous'lyt. 

crow,  1  kro;  2  cro,  v.    [crowed,  crowd8;  ceow'ino.]    I.  i. 

I.  To  utter  the  cry  of  a  cock.     2.  Hence,  to  exult;  boast. 

3.  To  utter  sounds  expressive  of  delight,  as  an  infant. 

II.  t.    To  announce  by  crowing.    [  <  AS.  crdwan.] 
crow,  n.     1.  An  omnivorous  bird,  about  20  inches  long, 

with  glossy  black  plumage.  2.  The  rook,  or  other  crow- 
like bird.  3.  A  crowbar.  4.  The  cry  of  a  cock,  or  any 
like  sound.  [<  AS.  crdwe,  <  crdivan,  crow] — crow'- 
bar",  re.  A  straight  iron  or  steel  bar,  flattened  or  squared  at 
one  end:  used  as  a  lever. — c. 'blackbird,  re.  A  large  crow- 
like bird;  especially,  the  purple  grackle. — crow'foot",  re. 
[crow'foots",  pi.]  1.  The  buttercup:  so  called  from  the 
shape  of  the  leaves.  crow'tlow"ert.  2.  A  number  of  lines 
rove  through  a  long  wooden  block,  and  supporting  an 
awning  horizontally  so  as  to  prevent  sagging.  3.  Same  as 
caltrop. — ckeepert,  re.  A  person  employed  to  scare 
oft  crows;  a  scarecrow. — c. squill,  re.  1.  The  quill  of  a 
crow;  hence,  a  pen  made  from  a  crow's  quill:  used  for  the 
finest  kind  of  writing.  2.  A  fine  metallic  pen  adapted  for 
similar  work. — crow's''foot",  re.  1.  One  of  the  wrinkles 
diverging  from  the  outer  corner  of  the  eye.  2.  A  three- 
pointed  embroidery  stitch.  —  crow's ''nest",  re.  A  mast- 
head lookout,  particularly  on  a  whaler:  usually  of  barrel 
form. — crow'toe",  re.  1.  A  plant  supposed  to  be  the  crow- 
foot.   2.  pi.    The  bird's-foot  trefoil. 

crowd'1,  1  kraud;  2  crowd,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  fill  to  overflow- 
ing; pack;  press  together.  2.  To  shove  along;  push; 
urge.  II.  i.  1.  To  throng  together;  assemble  in  multi- 
tudes. 2.  To  push  forward  or  together.  Syn.:  see  hus- 
tle; jam;  push. 

crowd1,  n.  1.  A  numerous  collection  of  persons  or  things 
gathered  closely  together;  multitude;  throng.  2.  The 
populace;  mob.  [<  AS.  croda,  ge'crod,  <  creddan, 
crowd.]    Syn.:  sec  assembly;  company;  mod;  throng. 

crowd2,  re.  An  ancient  vlolln-Hke  Instrument,  used  In  Ireland 
and  Wales.  [<  W.  crwth,  violin.]  croud  I;  crowthf; 
crutht;crwtlif  [lr.]. 

crowd  'er1, 1  kraud' ar;  2  crowd' er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which 
crowds. 

crowd'er^t,  re.    One  who  plays  on  a  crowd.    See  crowd*. 

crowd 'y,  1  kraud'i:  2  crowd'y,  re.  [Soot.]  1-  Porridge.  2. 
Pressed  curds  prepared  with  butter,    crowd 'let. 

crown,  1  kraun;  2  crown.  I.  t>(.  1.  To  put  a  crown, 
wreath,  or  garland  upon  the  bead  of;  hence,  ("  invest 
witli  royal,  imperial,  or  other  high  dignity;  honor;  re- 
ward. 2.  To  form  the  topmost  part  of;  oap;  finish;  com- 
plete.   II.  n,    1.  A  deoorative  oirclei  or  covering  for  the 

head,  especially  as  a  mark  of  sovereign  power.  2.  A 
sovereign  ruler':  with  the  definite  article,  3.  Sovereignty. 

4.  A  wreath  or  garland  for  I  lie  head.  5.  A  reward;  prize, 
0.  The  top  or  summit;  crest;  perfect  state  or  type;  acme 


«  II. lo   I 


I    a 


l  i  "  ;   full,  rule;   I. Ml.  l'Orn; 


I 


pOvd   imua 

rronn     -m    . 

■  me  ulmnr  thai  which 
i  ,n  Allen 

r. 

,1.  I. 

; . 
.     <    L.    crux 

I 
aha;-  I   In  the 

. 
irture.] 
i  ru  i  i-lil  .    .  1 . 

iy,  for 

■  n  place 

::.  ing  and 

i 
.' 
■).  crow.  *  ru- 

-  Of  annual  or 
i  ;.  called 
ind  criicl- 
II   .  r-..ii-.  I 

.  -  rtaining 

■:ks,  n.    A 

I  French 
Crosier     ol 

I-  tht    1  I  I  li 
'-'•    I      '.Miry. 

I . 
ibdue, 

■ 

•  ru-:.  ,  rud  'j    .        I  urdled; 

<  nidi  .  1 . 

unripe;  imma- 
il;   un- 

nrude  1j . 

( ru  <n-t\ .  i  •  being  crude. 

I.  'iff'T- 

'2.   Un- 
til   .'."  1IM.K 

era'cMy,  era'd-tj  I. 

be  suffering  of 

■•.•••■       'i.  \  cruel  .hi. 
cm  1 1      . 


Bmataacca     »: 

1  --..    r  *.!--     « 

cram 

rrn  '(  i-lix. 

i  ru    i  i  - 1 1  \   i. .ii. 

1. 

i  ru  i 
i  ru  < 

i-f.iriu. 

rrode  'n<  - 

rru  '•  I 


.ru.i.  \  •!  \  in 

•  i    .  r«y< .  pitcher,  ■    i  >  krutk,  oup  I 

<   i  ml.      h  ml  .  < H' 

I.       a     i     |.  in  i,i  d;  i  in 

igh      nl  :ii. ..in  ..ii  ih. 

oq  |    I  ■■  waadoi  about      U. 

i  ' 

.  i  •  1 1  -   .  r.  \   i ..  i 

heavily  ai  mi  •  ! 

■  .1  i  hun  a  ball  loMhlp  •  .i,  ac- 

.  ■  l  ■  v  1 1 1 .  i  r  >  itiiImt,  battle  «•.,  miiiiI 

o*  armament,  aa  armored  cruiser, 

light  <  .  protected  <■. 

<-riil  i.r.  .'■  ' .  \  i  ing    Imped  cake  "I 

i  brow  a  in  boiling  lard.    I  •    D.  h  "//•  n,  out  I  I 

cram.        1  crfim.     1.  if.     [CRt  mmi  D,  I  Rl  Mm  i.. 

crumb,    i     i  \n.";   crtjm'mino,   .kimh'in..|     To   break 

■    .  .  i  amble.    II.         I.  A    mall  bit 

I     ■  iii.ii  el,    '.'.  Thi  art  ol  b 

,       Cnim  '  1 1  >  >  .  I.   I  l:i\  Hi: 

,  llko  the  crum  of  bread,    crumb'j    . 

«  ru  Ml  'III  t-   .    1    kiimi'lil,    2    .ruiii'lil.    •'    &    »,      |.  in  m'- 

•  ''.  .  in  m'hi  i  ..    I     i  ...  i  i  .    i, .  fall  to  piei  i 
integrate;  decay.     |l>im.  of  cri  u,  v.,   <  cbuh,  »  1 
crum'bly,  a      \pt  to  crumble;  triable. 
rniin'iirl,  l  krum'pet;  2  erum'pi  t,  n.    A  \  ery  thin  muf- 
fin toasl  .1  for  eating.    |      w    ■   •     p  !,  pan 
erum'pi  i'',   1   krunvpl;  2  erum'pi,   vt.  &    ...     [cbcm'- 
■  '';  i  iiiM'ri.iMi  I    To  press  into  wrinkles;  beoome 
wrinkled;  rumple.    |<  ll  AS.  origin.] 
crunch,  1  krondh;  2  crunch.    I.       I  To  crush  with 

rind  Qoisily;  press 
with  crushing  force  through  a  brittle  substance,    II.  ». 
The  act  of  forcing  one's  waj  through  a  brittle  Bubstance. 
■  rap,  . 

crup'per,  1  krup'er;  2  erttp'er,  a.    !•  The  looped  Btrap 
e's  tail.    '*.  The  rump  ol  a  horse. 
i    .         .,       -    croupe,  Bee  i  •■ 
cru'ral,  1  krQ'rel;  2  cru'ral,  ".    <>f  or  pertaining  i<>  the  leg  or 
the  thigh.    |      I    awaits,  •    cms,  leg  I 

cru*.  1  krns;  2  erus,  n.  [CRU'R  \.  1  krQ'rs;  2  eru'ra,  pi]  1-  That 

pari  of  the  leg  between  i  in1  Knee  and  the  an]  le  '-'•  \  part  re- 
sembling a  leg;  a  stem  'like  pan  ;  peduncle.    1 1 .  .  leg.] 

cru-sade',  1  kru-sSd';  2  cry-sad'.    I1.  I   igoonoren- 

in  a  crusade.    II.  n.    1.  Hist.  One  of  a  number  of 
warlike  enterprises  undertak  n 

Europe,  against  tin-  Saracens,  for  the  conquest  ol  the 
Holy  Sepulcher  (1096  1271),  'i.  \<.-  vigorous  con- 
certed movement,  (<  L.1*  crux,  cross.]  cru-sad'er, 
n.  One  engaged  In  a  crusade;  a  crusading  medieval  knight. 

Cru-Ba'dO,  1  krii-zfi'do:  2  eru-eji'dO,  r».     A  former  Portuguese 

gold  coin  worth  about  75  cents,   cru-za'dot. 

cruse,  1   krfis  or  krtiz;  2  crus  or  cms,  n.     A  small  bottle, 

ui    cruel      [<  foe  I  —  .  pot  ]    cralsej 
era 'set,  i  kxO'set;  2  eru/sfet,  n.    A  goldsmiths'  melt- 
lng*pot.     [<   F.  creu  et,  cruet,  <  1).  kruyse,  cup, 
pot  I 
crash*,  1  kruifh;  2  crush,  v.    I.  t.    To  press  out 
ol  shape;  mash;  break  into  bits  by 
ure;  breakdown;  conquer.  II. 

To  i" me  broken  or  mi    : 

bypressure.  [<8w.°»lrj  ta,  squeeze  , 

Syn.:    see    mil  1 1        ■  jam; 

RBTRE88;   siiioik— erush'er,  h.    <  ine 

w  ho  or  i hat  which 

or  Implement  for  crushing  something, 

crush,    n.       1.    A    violent    colliding;    oriental  Cruses  or 
breaking, bruising,  or  deforming  l>y  Water  «  vessels  of 
violent   pr<     uri       '!.  A   pre    ing  or  Pottery, 
crowding  together;  a  crowd;  jam 

erust,  1  krust ;  2  ertist.    I1.  if.  &  vi.    To  cover  with  or  ac- 
quire a  crust.    II.  n.    1.  A  hard,  thin  coating,  usually 
over  something  Bofter.    'i.  The  outer  part  of  bread;  a  bit 
of  bread,  especially  if  stale  and  hard.    :i.  The  pastry 
elop  of  a  pie  or  the  like.    [  <  I.,  rruxtn,  crust.] 

criis-ta'cc-an,  1  la  '  erfi    ba'she-an.    I.  a. 

Of  or  pertaining  to  th(  II.  n.     One  of  the 

<  ;  ion  of  arthropods  having  crust* 

like  -hells,  including  1  ol  i,  sow 

etc.   [<  L.  crusta,  crust  (from  the  crust-like  sh  fl)  | 
erus-ta"ce-ol'6-gy,  n.   The  branch  of  zoology  that  treats 
of  crustaceans.— crus-ta'ceous,  a.    1.  Having  a  crust>llke 
shell.    2.  crustacean. 

erust'y,  1  kru.-t'i;  2  critst'y,  a.  1.  Crust*like.  2.  Mo- 
rosely eurt  In  manner  or  speech;  surly.  Syn.:  see  morose. 
— crust'1-ly,  adv.— crust'1-ness,  n. 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  habit;    aisle;    an  =  out;    ©II;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sino;    fhin,   this. 
205       2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


crowner 
cudgel 


crutch,  1 1  krucli;  2  cruch.     I',  vt.     To  prop  up,  as  on 

cxuchp,  J  crutches.  II.  n.  1.  A  staff  with  a  crosspiece 
fitting  under  the  armpit,  used  as  a  support  in  walking. 
2.  Any  one  of  various  similar  mechanical  devices,  as  the 
leg=rest  on  a  woman's  saddle,  the  forked  support  for  a 
ship's  boom,  etc.    [Of  AS.  origin.] 

crux,  1  kruks;  2  criiks,  re.  [crux'es  or  cru'ces,  pi.)  1.  A  cross. 
2.  A  puzzle;  conundrum.  3.  The  essential  question;  pivotal 
point.    [L.] 

cry,  1  krai;  2  cry,  v.  [cried;  cry'ing.]  1. t.  1.  To  utter 
loudly  and  publicly;  shout  out;  proclaim.  2.  To  affect 
(one)  in  some  specified  way  by  weeping;  as,  to  cry  one- 
self sick.  3||.  To  beg;  implore;  as,  I  cry  you  mercy.  II. 
i.  1.  To  speak,  call,  or  appeal  loudly;  shout;  yell;  yelp; 
bay.  2.  To  shed  tears;  weep.  [<  L.F  quirito,  freq.  of 
qucror,  lament]    Syn.:  see  call;  exclaim;  roar. 

cry,  re.  [criesz,  pi.]  1.  A  loud  or  passionate  utterance, 
whether  articulate  or  not;  a  call;  shout;  yell.  2.  The 
act  of  weeping.  3.  Advertisement  by  outcry ;  proclama- 
tion. 4.  Rumor;  public  opinion  or  demand.  5.  A  pack 
of  hounds;  hence,  contemptuously,  a  company  of  per- 
sons; a  party.  6.  The  sound  made  by  bending  metallic 
tin. — cry'ing,  pa.  Calling  for  immediate  action  or  re- 
dress; self^proelaiming:  notorious;  as,  a  crying  evil. 

cry 'o-lite,  1  krai'o-laif,  2  cry'o-lit,  re.  A  vitreous,  snowwhite 
translucent  sodium  aluminum  fluorid:  a  source  of  aluminum. 
[<  Gr.  kryos,  cold,  frost,  +  lilhos,  stone.] 

cryp'pylt,  re.    A  cripple. 

crypt,  1  kript;  2  crypt,  n.  A  recess  or  vault,  as  under 
some  churches,  especially  one  used,  as  in  the  catacombs, 
for  interment.  [<  L.  crypta,  <  Gr.  krypte,  <  krypto, 
hide.)  [to  concealment. 

cryp'tic,  1  krip'ttk;  2  eryp'tie,  a.    Secret;  occult;  tending 

cryp'to-,  1  krip'to-;  2  cryp'to-.  From  Greek  kryptos, 
hidden:  a  combining  form. — cryp'to-gam,  re.  Bot.  A 
plant  that  has  no  true  flowers,  but  propagates  by  spores. 
[  +  Gr.  ga?nos,  marriage.] — Cryp"to-ga'ml-a,  n.  pi.  Bot.  The 
lower  of  the  two  series  of  plants  as  divided  by  Linnaeus. 
They  have  no  true  flowers,  but  propagate  by  spores. — 
cryp"to-gam'ic,  a. — cryp-iog'a-mous,  a. — cryp-tog'a- 
my,  re.  Bot.  The  state  or  condition  of  being  cryptogamous 
or  of  having  "concealed"  fructification. — cryp'to-gram,  re. 
A  writing  in  cipher.  [+  Gr.  gramma,  writing,  <  grapho, 
write.]— eryp"to-gram'mic,  a .— eryp'to-graph,  re.  1. 
A  cryptogram.  2.  A  system  of  cipher=writing;  a  cipher. — 
cryp-tog'ra-pher,  re.  cryp-tog'ra-phlstj. — cryp"to- 
graph'ic,  a. — cryp-tog'ra-phy,  n.  1.  The  art  of  cipher* 
writing.  2.  A  system  of  ciphemvriting. — cryp-tol'o-gy,  re. 
Enigmatic  language;  cryptography.  [+  -logy.]— cry  p'to- 
n >  in,  re.    A  secret  name.    [+  Gr.  onyma,  name.] 

crys'tal,  1  kris'tal;  2  cryVtal.  I.  a.  Composed  of  or  like 
crystal;  extremely  clear;  limpid.  II.  re.  1.  The  solid 
mathematical  form  assumed  by  many  minerals.  2. 
Colorless  transparent  quartz.  rock'=crys"ta!t.  3. 
Flint  glass.  4.  A  watch=glass.  [<  Gr.I,+F  krystallos,  < 
kryos,  frost.] — crys'tal-lln(es,  a.  1.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or 
like  crystals  or  crystal.  2.  Transparent:  pure;  pellucid;  as, 
the  crystalline  lens  of  the  eye.— crys"taI-log'ra-phy,  re. 
The  science  of  crystals. 

crys'tal-lize  or  -Use,  1  kris'tal-aiz;  2  cryVtal-Iz,  v. 
J-LIZEd;  -i.iz"inc]  I.  t.  To  cause  to  form  crystals  <>r 
become  crystalline;  bring  to  definite'  and  permanent 
form.  II.  i.  To  assume  the  form  of  crystals;  take  on  a 
definite  aspect.  <Tys'taI-liz"a-bl(V  or  -lis"a-bl(ep, 
a. — crys"tal-li-za'tion  or  -sa'tlon,  re.  The  act  of  crys- 
tallizing. 

crys'tal-Iold,  1  krls'tal-eid;  2  crjfa'tal-6Id.  I.  a.  T.Ike  a 
crystal.  II.  n.  1.  ( )ne  of  a  class  of  substances,  usually  crys- 
tallizable,  whose  solutions  are  readily  diffusible:  opposed  to 
colloid.  2.  Bot.  A  crystal'llke  proteln»body  found  to  plant* 
cells;  a  protein-crystal.  [<  Gr.  krystallos,  crystal,  4-  -oid.] 
— crys"tal-loi'daI,  a. 
Cs.,  niihr.     Caesar,   Caesium,  consol. — cs.,   abbr.     cases.— 

C.  S.,  abbr.  Civil  Service,  Clerk  of  Session,  clerk  to  the 
Signet,  Commissary  of  Subsistence,  Court  of  Sessions. 
C.  S.  A.,  abbr.  Confederate  States  Army,  Confederate 
States  of  America.— C.  S.  N.,  abbr.  Confederate  States 
Navy. — Ct.,  abbr.  Connecticut,  Count,  Court.  Ct.,  abbr. 
[CIS.,  pi.]  Cent,  centum.  —  C.  T.  A.  I  J.,  nlihr.  Catholic  Tola  I 
Abstinence  Union. 
ctcn-,  )  1  ten-,  ten'o-;  2  ten-,  ten'o-.  From  Greek  ktcis 
Cten'o-,  S  (kten-),  comb:  combining  forms.— cten'Old.     I.  a. 

1.  Having  a  comb-like  margin,  as  the  scales  In  Ctenoidei 

2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  <  'tcnntdi  I.  II.  n.  One  of  the  (  ttn- 
oidci.  [+•  -oid.] — I'ten-ol'de-i.  v.  pi.  Ir.h.  An  order  of  fishes 
with  ctenoid  scales. — cten-ol'de-an,  cten-oi'dl-aii,</  A  » 

Ctcs'l-phon,  1  tes'i-fen;  2  tes'1-ron,  n.    A  ruined  elty  on  the 

Tigris  river   10  m.  S.   I-;,  or  Bagdad;  ancient   capital  of  I'ar- 
thla. 
ctl.,  abbr.     [CTLfl.,  pi.]     Cental. — Co.,  abbr.     [L.]     Cuprum 
(copper).— cu.,  cub.,  abbr.    Cubic. 


cub,  1  kub;  2  cub,  re.  1.  The  young  of  the  bear,  fox,  wolf, 
and  certain  other  carnivores;  a  whelp.  2.  A  rough, 
awkward,  or  ill=mannered  youth.     [Perhaps  <  Ir.  cuib, 

<  cu,  dog.l 

Cu'ba,  1  kiu'ba;  2  cu'ba,  n.  The  largest  island  of  the  West 
Indies;  a  republic  (44,215  sq.  m.;  pop.  2,627,536);  capital, 
Habana. — Cu'ban,  a.  &  n. 

cu'ba-ture,  1  kiu'ba-cliur  or  -tiur;  2  eu'ba-chur or -tur,  n.  1. 
The  process  of  determining  the  cubical  contents  of  a  solid. 
2.  Cubical  contents.     [<   L.  cubus;  see  cube.]     cu'baget. 

cub'by»hole",  1  kub'i=hol";  2  cub'y=h61",  n.  A  small, 
enclosed  space.    [<  LG.  kubje,  shed.] 

cube,  1  kiub;  2  cub,  n.  1.  A  solid  bounded  by  six  equal 
squares  and  having  all  its  angles  right  angles.  2.  The 
third  power  of  a  quantity;  the  product  of  three  equal 
factors.  [F.,  <  L.  cubus,  <  Gr.  kybos,  cube.] — cube 
root,  the  number  which,  taken  three  times  as  a  factor,  pro- 
duces a  given  number  called  its  cube. — cu'blc,  a.  I. 
Formed  like  a  cube.  2.  Being,  or  equal  to,  a  cube  whose  edge 
is  a  given  unit;  as,  a  cubic  foot.  3.  .4/(7.  Of  the  third  degree. 
cu'bi-calt-  —  cu'bl-cal-Iy,  adv.  —  ou'bi-cal-ness,  n.  — 
cu'bold,  a.     Shaped  like  a  cube,     cu-boi'dalt. 

cu'beb,  1  kiu'beb;  2  cu'beb,  re.  Med.  A  berry  of  various  spe- 
cies of  plants  of  the  pepper  family  which  is  dried  unripe  and 
used  in  treating  urinary  and  bronchial  diseases:  often 
smoked  in  the  form  of  cigarettes.  [<  LL.  cubeba,  <  Ar. 
kabdba.] 

cu'bi-cle,  1  kiu'bt-kl;  2  cu'bi-cl,  re.  1.  A  bedroom.  2.  A 
partially  enclosed  section  of  a  dormitory.    [  <  L.  cubiculum, 

<  cubo,  lie.] 

cu-bic'u-lar,  1  kiu-bik'yu-lar;  2  eu-ble'yti-Iar,  a.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  a  bedchamber;  private. — cu-bic'u-la-ry.     I.  a. 

1.  Cubicular.  2§.  Suitable  for  lying  on.  lit.  re.  A  cham- 
berlain. [<  Ii.  cubicularius,  <  cubiculum,  bedchamber,  < 
cubo,  lie  down.]— cu-bic'u-lum,  re.  [-la,  pi.]  1.  A  small 
bedchamber;  cubicle.  2.  A  burial«chamber  with  recesses  in 
the  walls  for  dead  bodies,  as  in  the  Roman  catacombs.  [L] 
cu-bic'u-lot.  [cube. 

cu'bi-form,  1  kiu'bi-ferm;  2  cu'bi-form,  a.     Shaped  like  a 

cub'ist,  1  kiub'ist;  2  eub'ist,  re.  [Recent]  Art.  One  whose 
compositions  are  characterized  by  squared  effects.  [< 
cube.] — cub'lsm,  n.     The  cult  of  the  cubist. 

cu'bit,  1  kiu'bit;  2  eu'bit,  n.  An  ancient  measure  of 
length,  originally  represented  by  the  length  of  the  fore- 
arm: about  IS  to  20  inches.  [  <  L.  cubitum,  elbow,  < 
cubo,  bend.] — cu'blt-al,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  ulna,  or 
to  the  forearm,  or  to  a  cubit. 

cuck'old,  1  kuk'old;  2  cuk'old,  n.  The  husband  of  an 
unfaithful  wife:  so  called  from  cuckoo,  in  allusion  to  the 
habit  of  that  bird  of  laying  its  eggs  in  another's  nest. 
[<  L.OF  cuculus,  cuckoo.]— click 'oid-ly,  a.    cuck'old-yf. 

cuck'oo,  1  kuk'u;  2  eyk'oo,  re.  A  bird,  many  species  of 
which  deposit  their  eggs  to  be  hatched  in  the  nests  of 
other  birds.  [  <  L.  cuculus,  cuckoo  (imitative  of  its 
note).]  —  c  u  c  k  '  o  o  = 
bud"t,  re.  A  butter- 
cup, goldcup,  or  king- 
cup.— c. 'flower,  re.  1. 
A  species  of  bitter  cress 
with  showy  flowers.  2.  Ragged* 
robin. — cphlt,  n.  The  wake 
robin. 

cu-cul'latc,  1  kiu-kul'et;  2  cfl- 
eul'at,  a.    Hood'Shaped,  or  having  a 
hood=like  part,  as  certain  leaves.    [< 
LL.  cucullatus,  <  L.  cucullus,  hood.] 
cu-cul'lat-edt. 

cu'cuni-ber,  1  Idu'kum-bar;  2  eu'ettm-ber,  n.  The  ob- 
long hard«rinded  frail  of  a  creeping  plant  of  the  gourd 
family:  cultivated  as  a  vegetable;  also,  the  plant . 

CU-cur'bil,  1  kiu-kwr'bit;  3  eu-cur'Mt.  ;/.  1.  The  body  of  an 
alemblO,  originally  gourd-shaped;  hence,  any  similar  vessel. 

2.  Bot.  Any  plant  of  the  gourd  family.  [<  F.  cucurbite,  < 
L.  cucurbila.  gourd]  •■u-eur'bitet.  cu-Clir"bt-ta'ceOUS, 
a.    Of  or  pertaining  to  a  gourd;  gOUrd>Uke. 

cud,  1  kud;  2  cud,  n.  1.  Food  forced  up  into  the  mouth 
from  the  first  stomach  of  a  ruminant  and  chewed  over 
again.    2.  The  rumen.    [<  AS.  rmlu,  cwidu,  cud.] 

cud 'die,  1  kud'l;2  cud'l,  v.    [cud' ;  cud'dlinq.]    I.  /. 

To  protect  and  caress  within  a  close  embrace;  bug,  11. 
i.  To  lie  close;  hug  one  another.  [1'rob.  corr.  ol  ME. 
cuthen,  cuddle.) 

cud 'die,  n.    An  embrace;  caress. 

cud'dy1,  1  kud'i:  2  eud'y,  n  [i  qd'dibi  -'.  pi  1  Want.  A  small 
cabin;  a  cook's  galley.    [Prob.  ■    D.  kajwtt,  cabin.] 

cud'dy2,  re.    [SCOt  I    1.  A  donkey.     'I.  A  surface  drain;  gutter. 

cudg'el,  1  kuj'el:  2  eudfysi.  I.  vt.  To  beai  with  a  cudg- 
el, II.  n.  A  shorf  thiol  stick  used  as  a  club  [Cp.w, 
cogi/l,  cudgel. i  Syn.:  see  beat  cudg'el«play",  re.  The 
art  of  using  quart  stloks,  or  similar  weapons, 

or  a  contest  Id  which  they  are  used. 


1  II. I  ■ 
rurioiM 


■         .         ■         Sri  full.  rOl--:  but,  bflrai 

,       ,  .ill..    not,  or.  won, 


urn 


queue 


i 

I 
II 

■  ufT  .  I   hand 

i  8.1 

milt  I.- 1 

.  I  i     ifrt.  an  ancient 

1II3  written.     II. 

'fl.it..     |  <  F, 

,  nl    r  i  —  I.  r   .  \  in   irlng  :i 

rul»h  "..ir.  f..r 

:  i.  hip.] 

Ml-ll 

rat-Urn    .  Die  kitchen;  cooking 

rul   II.  '  I'TLINO  ]   [8C0l  1    I. 

IX.      [< 

r  III      •!  .  I'll  -"•hi  • 

I.    \  ;  ,--,.■•    open  only  at  one  end;  Miml 

•hk.'  cavity  or  |>:irt 

;.  ■  ti..n   nf  :i  military 

I'  :  rul  (  <  L.  cuius), 

I  B8ACK,  bag  j 

-rulr.    -.'.:      A  dunuiutlvc:  as  anlmalriWc    [<  F. -et 

(  u-li.    i- I  .  .  \  fam- 

Cu'lex, 
.  ii  II-.  Id  .  ii  It-cold,  a. 

mi  fl  ll ■  1 1  l'li-na-ry,  a.    Of  or  pertain- 

ria,  kitchen.] 

i  nil.    |  I-  I  I ,'ivi;  ]     To 

II.        Something  picked 

ted.     |  <   <  »F. 

Situ  see  choose.— cull  '- 

rul  li  ■  -  '    ' 

rul'lbu.  1.  A  bulb»Ilke  root:  an 

I  ciuillun,   <   L.  coitus,  scro- 

.  nI  1 1  - .  i ,  - 1  > . 

rul  II-                                           I  n  a  roof.    2.  A  groove, 

■  a  tbratrtcal  aide—  -.1..  ailum, 

t  ul-l-.'ilrn.  A  village  and  moor, 

imberland,  17-lfi. 
I 
panlon.  fr:  ■  dm*-.     [Abhr.  of 


rul  III 


.  1 1 1 1 1 1  . 


rul    n. 

rul  'nil-hit. 


I.  usually  hol- 
I     i  ul-iiilf '- 

■refuse.     2.  Ari  infi- 
cul-mif'er- 

■  imlt  or  eminence.  [L.] 

■nit,  n.  I-sat'ed'1; 

I  < 

i  ill  inl-iial,  n 
rul'ml-na'tlon.         I  mdltlon.  or  dc- 

crldian. 

■  III    p.i-hl   .     .    .  •  viriu  Of 

I 

•  ul "pa-lill'l-t).  cul'pa-bl  .  - 
■  ..I   ;.  .-i.l  .  . 
<  nI  |..  [>-(..  r.  I  bomait,    Lord 

-  of  Virginia, 
inl   prii.  1 

■' 
but  :  [<  L.  eulpatut,  pp.,   <  culpa. 


,  nil .  I.    \    \  item  "t  n  Ligious  obser- 

'    i  itrnvagant  devotion  to  a  person  or  thing; 

,    .1.  v  OtiOD        |  -       I     '    riiltlt.i,     < 

|..f  oultlvatlon. 
i  nI  il-».i-l»l  «".  1  !..■!  ii  \ ..  I.l.  L'  -ul'ii  mi  I.l,  .i     ( lapable 

.   Ill     ll-l.U.-.       I  I      <     J    II    V. it.      it  |-\    V 

I.  i     till  (land);  raiso,  as  a  plant  or  crop,  by 
:.  l  .  improve  ..r  do>  plop  bj 

i  ■  :ii i. mi. .ii  i..     4.  II  .  s  I  To  loosen 
il  about  (growing  plants),  as  with  a  small  plow  or 
ruin-,  I  I.    cuitivatui,  pp  ,    <    I.    muti 

i.i    n  ]    ciir'ti-ia'iiiui.  ■:     The  aol  of  cultivating; 

Improvement;  development;  culture      Syn:  see    tORtcui 

i  i.i.  mi. in,  iuiimmi.ni       riirtl->a"lnr,  n     I.  Onfl 

■;.   a  machine  for  cultivating:  commonly 
bavins  several  shares,  which  loosen  the  ground  and  de  troy 

i  nI  ir.itr.  i  l.ni'ir.  i :  g  .  ui' i rat .  a,    Bharp*edged  and  pointed; 
.  like  :i  prunlng«knlte,  ss  the  beak  ..r  s  bird.    I-     i  ■ 
cviu r,  knife  I    cul'trat-ed t. 

rill 'lure,    1    kul'cliur    Of  -tiur;    2    i-ul'.-liiir  OT   -tftr,      I.    it. 

|.  i  i  'i  i  i;i  i..  .  i  i  1 1  u  i -...  |  I '. .  ■  ducate  or  refine;  oulti- 
\  ui.-  11.  ri  1.  Cultivation  ol  plants  or  animals,  espe- 
cially with  ,'i  view  to  improvemenl  '!■  The  training, 
improvement,  and  refini  menl  ..f  mind,  morals,  or  taste; 
enlightenment,  .'1.  Tillage  of  the  soil.  4.  The  develop- 
ment .if  microorganisms,  as  in  gelatin, bcel  tea,  etc  ,  or 
the  organisms  so  developed.  [F.,  <L.  cuffura,  <rultus, 
pp,  ..t  eolo,  cultivate.]   s.vn.:  see  igbiculture;  bducation; 

HUMANITY;  BKFIN1IIBNT.     eurtiirt'>ine"<ll-lliii,  n      \   lUD- 

as  gelatin,  etc,  in  which  bacteria  may  be  developed. 

cul'tur-al,  a.    i  >f  or  pertaining  to  culture,     eul'tured, 

pa.    Possessing  manifest  education  ami  refinement.    Syn.: 

mi. 

eul'tus,  1  kol'tos;  2  efil'tus,  i».    A  cult.    [L.l 

cul'vcr-in,  1  kol'ver-in;  2  efil'veMn,  ».    A  long  cannon 

!  in  the  l'itli  century.    (<  L.  cohtbra,  serpent.] 
col 'vert,  1  kul'vart;  2  eui'vert,  >i.    An  artificial  covered 
channel  for  water,  as  under  a 
road, 
Cu'ina-,   1   klQ'ml;  2  eO'mC,  n.     An\ 
ancient   olty  of  B.  W.  Italy;    the 


Cu-mae'an,  a.      Of  or  pertaining 
to  Cusue;  as.  the  Cumxan  sibyl. 
fum'btT,  1  kum'ber;  2  eum'ber, 

r(.   To  hinder  by  or  as  by  a  bur-  l  Divert. 

den;   hamper;    weigh  down;  oppress.   [<  OF.  combrer, 

to  hinder.] 

Syn.:  see  load.— rum'her-some,  a.  Moving  or  working 
heavily  or  with  difficulty;  unwieldy;  troublesome;  burden- 
some.   -I}',  adv.    -ness,  n. 

rum/her  ;,  n.     Trouble;  encumbrance. 

Cum'ber-land,  1  kom'ber-lsnd;  2  eum'ber-land.  n.  1. 
IMikc  of,  William  Augtisliis  (1721-1765).  an  English 
general;  third  son  of  George  II.  Bee  Collookn.  S.  a  river 
In  Kentucky  and  Tennessee;  650  m.  from  the  Cumberland 
Mountains  (the  W.  range  of  the  Allegheny  mountains)  to 
the  Ohio  river. 

cum'braucet,  n.  1.  An  encumbrance.  2.  A  burdened  condi- 
tion; trouble. 

ciiin'brous,  1  kum'brus;  2  eiim'brus,  a.  Cumbersome. 
Syn.:  see  heavy.  — cuni'brous-ly,  adv.  —  cum'brous- 
ness,  n. 

cumTrej  ,  n.    Same  as  (  hmkhky. 

cum 'in,  1  kum'in;  2  cum'in,  n.    An  annual  of  the  parsley 
family,  with  finm-Mike  leaves;  also,  its  seeds,  used  in 
I. ,i -i.  in  countries  as  a  condiment.    [Ult.  <  Heb.  cam- 
imlii  I    cum'mlnt. 

cum'mer,  1  kum'ar;  2  cum'er,  n.  [Scot.]  1.  A  godmother. 
■;.  a  temale  friend;  woman;  k\v\.   9.  A  witch. 

I'li'inii-liitt',  1  kiu'miu-lrt;  2  cu'mu-lat,  vt.  [-LAT"EDd; 
-lat"ing.]  To  collect  into  a  heap;  accumulate.  [<L. 
cumulo,  <  cumulus,  heap.)  —  cu"mu-la'tlon,  n.  The  proc- 
ess of  massing  or  heaping  together;  a  heap,  cu'mu-la- 
Ih  e  ,  a  '  lathering  volume,  strength,  or  value  by  addition 
or  repetition;  steadily  Increasing. 

<iriini-lo=stra"tus,   1   kiQ'miu-lo»stre"ti;s;   2   cu'mu-lo« 

A  form  of  cloud  combining  the  cumulus  and 

tratus.    [<  I.,  rumulua,  heap,  +  stratus,  spreading.] 

cu'mu-lus,  1  klu'mlu-lus;  2  cQ'mO-lus,  n.    [-li.  1  -lul;  2  -11, 

;//.]     1.  A  mass;  pile;  heap:  top  of  a  heap;  summit.    2.  A 

cloud    having   the   appearance   of   heaped   rounded   masses. 

cu 'mu-lous,  a.     Heaped  or  piled,  as  clouds. 

<  u-n.ii'a,  1  klu-naks'a;  2  ed-naks'a,  n.    A  plain  In  Babylonia: 
Of  battle,  401  B.  C,  between  Artaxerxes  and  Cyrus  the 
younger. 

cunr-ta'tlonl,  1  kuok-tS'shan;  2  cuoe-ta'sbon,  n.  Delay: 
cautious  slowness.    [<  h.cunctor,  delay.]— cunc-ta'tor},n. 

en'ne-al,  1  kin'ni-al;  2  cQ'ne-al,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a 
wedgcahaped  part;  cunellorm.    [<  L.  cuneus,  wedge.] 


l:a=  final;    l  =  habit;    aisle;    aU  =  o«t;    ell;    10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    n  =  sin{7;    thin,   this. 
207       2:w9lf,  do:   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


cudweed 
curious 


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4.    Intoxicating 


Cunner. 


cu'ne-ate,  1  kiu'm-et;  2  eu'ne-at,  a.    Wedge-shaped.    [<  L 

cuneo  (pp.  cunealus),  wedge,    <   cuneus,  wedge.]     cu'ne- 

af'edt;  cu"ne-at'lct.— cu'ne-ate-ly,  adv. 
CU  'ne-i-form,    1    kiu'ni-i-ferm ;   2    eu'ne-i-form.      I.   o 

Wedge-shaped,   as  the  characters 

in  ancient  Assyrian    inscriptions. 

II.  n.     Cuneiform  writing.    [  <  L. 

cuneus,   wedge,    +    form.]     cu'nl- 

forml  [Erroneous  form]. 
cun'ner,  1  kun'ar;  2  cun'er,  n.    A 

small    brownish-blue    fish    of    the 

Atlantic  coast  of  the  United  States. 

See  illus.  below. 
cun'ning,  1  kun'in;  2  cun'ing.    I.  a. 

I.  Crafty  or  shrewd;  artful;  guile- 
ful. 2.  [U.S.]  Innocently  artful; 
bright;  amusing.  3||.  Ingenious. 
4f-    Learned;    knowing. 

Syn.:  see  acute;   astute;    insidi- 
ous; knowing;  politic. 

II.  n.  1.  A  crafty  disposition; 
craft;  guile;  artifice.  2||.  Knowl- 
edge combined  with  skill;  dexter- 
ity. [ME.  cunning.vb.  n.  of  cunnen, 
know.]  Syn.:  see  artifice;  decep-  cuneiform  characters, 
tion;  ingenuity.  —  cun'ning-Iy,  from  tne  Inscrip- 
ad!.-cun'nlng-ness,  n  tlons  of  Hammurabi. 

cup,    1  kup;    2    cup.     1.    vt.   &  vi. 

[cupped4,  cupts;  cup'ping.]  1.  To  bleed,  as  by  scari- 
fication and  drawing  the  blood  to  the  surface  under  an 
exhausted  cup.  2.  To  shape  like  or  place  in  a  cup. 
II.  n.  1.  A  small  drinking-vessel.  2.  A  cupful.  3.  Any 
unusual  affliction  or  blessing;  lot. 
drink.  5.  The  vessel  used  in  ad- 
ministering the  sacramental  wine; 
also,  the  wine  itself.  6.  An  orna- 
mental piece  of  plate  given  as  a 
prize  in  a  race,  etc.  7.  Med.  A 
cupping-glass  or  -vessel.  8.  A  cup* 
shaped  cavity  or  object.  [  <  AS. 
cuppe,  <  LL.  cupa,  cup,  L.  cupa,  tub.] — cup'bearer", 
n.  One  who  serves  the  wine-cup,  as  to  guests  at  a  feast. 
— cup'ful,  n.    [-fuls,  pi.]    As  much  as  a  cup  will  hold. 

cup 'board,  1  kub'ard;  2  ciib'ord,  n.  A  closet  or  cabinet 
with  shelves,  as  for  tableware. 

cu'pel,  1  kiu'pel;  2  cu'pel,  n.  A  shallow,  very  absorbent  ves- 
sel, used  In  assaying  gold  and  silver  ores.  [  <  F.  coupelle,  < 
LL.  cupella,  dim.  of  cupa;  see  cup.] — cu"pel-la'tlon,  n.  The 
process  of  separating  gold  or  silver  from  lead,  as  by  the  use 
of  a  cupel. 

Cu'pid,  1  kiii'pid;  2  cu'pid,  n.  Myth.  The  Roman  god  of 
love,  the  Greek  Eros.     [  <  ~L.Cupido,  <  cupido,  passion.] 

cu-pid'i-ty,  1  kiu-pid'i-ti;  2  cu-pid'i-ty,  n.  An  inordi- 
nate wish  for  possession,  especially  of  wealth;  avarice. 
[<  L.Fcupidita(t-)s,  <  cupio,  desire.] 

cu'po-la,  1  kiu'po-la;  2  cu'po-la,  n.  1.  Arch.  A  dome; 
hemispherical  roof.  2.  Colloquially,  any  small  structure 
above  the  roof  of  a  building.  3.  A  turret  on  an  armored 
ship.  4.  A  shaft-furnace  used  for  melting  iron,  espe- 
cially that  for  foundry  use.    [It] 

cup'ping,  1  kup'tn;  2  cup'ing,  n.  Med.  The  process  of  draw- 
ing blood  to  any  part,  by  creating  a  vacuum  at  that  point,  as 
by  means  of  a  cupping-glass,  with  or  wl1  limit  scarification. — 
cup'plng=(rlass",  n.  Med.  A  cup,  generally  of  glass,  applied 
to  the  skin  In  the  operation  of  cupping,  the  air  within  the 
glass  being  rarefied,  usually  by  heat. 

cu'pre-ous,  1  klu'pn-ns;  2  eQ'pre-us,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to. 
containing,  or  like  copper.  [<  LL.  cupreus,  <  cuprum.] 
cu'prous}. 

cu'prlc,  1  kiu'pnk;  2  cfi'prle,  a.  Chem.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
copper.    [<  LL.  cuprum;  see  copper.) 

cu-prlf'er-ous,  1  klu-prlf'ar-us;  2  cu-prlf'er-fis,  a.  Yielding 
or  containing  copper.    [<  cuprum   (    L.  faro,  bear.] 

cu'prum,  ]  kiu'prum;  2  cfi'prum,  n.  Chem.  Copper.  [LI..] 

cu'pule,  1  kiii'plfil;  2  eu'pul,  n.  1.  A  concave  or  CUD-shaped 
depression.  2.  Hot.  A  cup-shaped  part.  [Dim.  of  LL.  cupa, 
cup.] 

cur,  1  kur;  2  cur,  n.  1.  A  mongrel,  worthless  dog.  2.  A 
mean  or  malicious  person.  [<  Ice.  hurra,  murmur, 
grumble.]— cur'rlsh,  a.    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

cur.,  abl)T.    Currency,  current. 

cur'a-bl(ep,  1  kiiir'a-bl;  2  cur'a-bl,  a.  Susceptible  of 
being  cured.— cur"a-bll'I-ty,  n.  cur'a-blU'-ness' 1. 
— cur'a-bly.adn. 

cu"ra-cao'',  1  kfTra-so';  2  ru"ra-co',  n.  A  liqueur  made  by 
distilling  spirits  with  macerated  orange-peel.  [<  Curacao, 
Island.  Initcii  West  Indies. | 

Cu"ra-ca'o2,  1  kCTra-su'o  or  -ra-so';  2  eu*ra-C&'o  or  -ra-c(5',  n. 
Anlsland  (210sq.  m;  pop.  33,000)  In  the  Dutch  West  Indies. 
Cu"ra-co'at. 


Curassow.     Vss 
1.  A  chain  or 


cu'ra-cy,  1  kiu'ra-si;  2  cu'ra-cy,  n.  [-ciesz,  pi.]  The  po- 
sition, duties,  or  term  of  office  of  a  curate. 

cu-ra're,  1  ku-rfi're;  2  cu-ra're,  n.  A  blackish,  brittle,  resinous 
extract  of  certain  South-American  trees  of  the  genus  Strych- 
nos,  used  as  an  arrow-poison.  [S.  Am.)  cu-ra'rat;  cu-ra'- 
rlt;  ou-ra'rll;  u-ra'rij;  woo-ra'llj;  woo-ra'rlt. 

cu-ras'sow,  1  kiu-ras'o  or  kiu'ra-so;  2  efl-ras'o  or  cu'ra-s5,  n. 
A  large  turkey-like  South-American  bird  with  naked 
cere  and  tarsi.     [<  Curacao.]    ca-ras'sowj. 

CU'rate,  1  kiQ'rit;  2  cQ'rat,  n.  1.  [Brit.]  A  rector's 
or  a  vicar's  assistant.    2|[.  A  pastor.     [<  L.1 
cura,   care.]  —  cu 'rate-ship,  n.     A  curacy. 

cur'a-tiv(e8,    1  kiur'a-tiv;  2  cur'a-tiv.    I. 
a.    1.    Possessing  power  or  tendency  to 
cure.  2.  Relating  to  the  cure  of  diseases. 
II.  n.     A   remedy.    -Iy,  adv.  -ness,  n. 

CU-ra'tor,  1  kiu-re'tar  or  -tor;  2  cu-ra'tor, 
n.      1.    A  person  having  charge,  as  of  I 
a   library;    a   superintendent.     2.   A 
guardian.    [L.,   <  euro,    care    for,  < 
cura,  care.] 

curb,  1  kfirb ;  2  curb.  I.  v  t.  &  vi.  1.  To 
hold  in  subjection;  control,  as  with 
reins  and  curb.  2.  To  protect  by  a  curb. 
3t.  To  crouch;  truckle;  bend.  II.  n 
strap  to  brace  a  bit  against  a  horse's  lower  jaw;  also,  a 
bit  so  arranged;  anything  that  restrains  or  controls.  2. 
A  curbstone.  3.  The  framework  at  the  top  of  a  well. 
[<  L.of  curvo,  bend,  Kcurvus,  crooked.]  Syn.:  see  govern; 
repress;  restrain. — curb'=blt",  «.— c.=clialn,  n. — c.< 
roof,  n.  A  roof  having  two  sets  of  rafters,  the  upper  ones 
having  much  less  inclination  than  the  lower.  [tlvely. 

curb'ing,  1  kurb'irj;   2  curb'ing,  n.     Curbstones  collec- 

curb 'stone",  1  kurb'ston";  2  eurb'ston",  n.  A  stone,  or  a 
row  of  stones,  on  the  outer  edge  of  a  sidewalk. 

curch||,  1  kurcTi;  2  curch,  n.  A  woman's  head-kerchief  or  cap. 
[=  kerchief.]  _courcheJ. 

cur-cu'll-o,  1  kur-kiu'h-o;  2  cur-cu'li-o,  n.  Entom.  One  of 
certain  beetles,  as  the  weevil.  [L.,  weevil.]  snout'»bee"- 
tlej. 

curd,  1  kurd;  2  curd,  n.  The  coagulated  portion  of  milk 
of  which  cheese  is  made.  [<  Ir.  cruth,  curds.] — cur', 
die,  vt.  &  vi.  [cur'dled;  cur'dling.)  To  change  or  turn  to 
curd;  coagulate,  crud  'diet  [Dial.].— curd  'Iy,  a.  Contain- 
ing, full  of,  or  like  curd,    curd 'y  J. 

cure,  1  kiur;  2  cur,  v.  [cured;  cur'ing.]  \.t.  1.  To  restore 
to  a  healthy  or  sound  condition.  2.  To  eradicate,  as 
disease  or  evil;  heal.  3.  To  preserve,  as  by  salting,  dry- 
ing, or  smoking.  II.  i.  1.  To  bring  about  recovery,  as 
from  disease.  2.  To  be  preserved,  as  meat,  by  salting 
and  smoking.  [  <  L.F  euro,  care  for,  <  cura,  care.] 
Syn.:  see  recover. — cure'all",  n.  That  which  cures  all 
diseases  or  evils;  a  panacea. 

cure,  n.    1.  A  restoration  to  a  sound  or  healthy  condition. 

2.  That  which  restores  health  or  abolishes  an  evil.  3. 
Spiritual  care;  a  curacy;  as,  the  cure  of  souls.  4.  A  mode 
or  manner  of  curing  anything,  as  hams.  [F.,  <  L.  cura, 
care.] 

cu-re,  1  kii-re';  2  eii-re',  n.  A  French  parish  priest  of  the  Ro- 
man Catholic  Church.    [F.,  curate.] 

cur'few,  1  kur'fiu;  2  cur'fu,  n.  An  ancient  police  regula- 
tion requiring  fires  and  lights  to  be  put  out  at  the  tolling 
of  a  bell;  also,  the  1><U  itself,  or  the  hour  of  ringing.  [  < 
OF.  courfcu,  contr.  of  courrcfeu,  <  covrir,  cover,  +  /«'«.  lire.] 

cu'ri-a,  1  kiu'ri-a;  2  cu'rl-a.  n.  [-JR.  1  -I;  2  -5,  pi.]  [L.j  1. 
Law.  A  court  of  Justice.  2.  The  collective  body  of  officials 
of  the  papal  government.  3.  Rom.  Anttq.  (1)  A  tribal  divi- 
sion made  by  Romulus  or  Its  meeting-place.  ('_')  The  Koman 
senate-house  or  the  senate  of  any  other  Italian  city. — cu'- 
rl-al,  a. 

Cu"rl-a'tl-l,  1  klfTn-e'Nlii-ol;  2  (Ti"rl-ri'shl-I,  n.   See  IIohatii. 

Cu"rle',  1  kii'Ti';  2  cii're',  n.  1.  Marie  (1807-  ),  a  Polish" 
French  sclent  1st;  discoverer,  with  her  husband,  of  radium, 
'£.  Pierre  ( l.s.r>il-:!)(l(i),  a  French  scientist ;  husband  of  Marie 
and  Joint,  discoverer  of  radium. 

CU'rl-o,  1  kiu'n-o;  2  cfi'ri-o,  n.  A  curiosity;  a  rare  or  curi- 
ous article  of  virtu.     [Abbr.  of  CURIOSITY.] 

cu"ri-os'l-ty,  1  kiu"n-os'i-ti;  2  eu"ri-os'i-ty,  n.  [-tibb'i 
pi]    1.  Habitual  anxiety  for  knowledge  of  something, 

especially  the   private  affairs  of  others.     '£.  Any  object 

adapted  to  excite  interest  or  inquiry.  3||.  Curiousness; 
ingenuity;  nicety.  [<  L.F  curiosita(t-)s,  <  ruriosus; 
gee  niiini  s  i 
cu'rl-ous,  l  kiu'ri-us;2  cu'ri-us,  a.  1.  Eager  for  informa- 
tion; inquisitive;  prying.  2.  Adapted  to  attract  atten- 
tion or  excite  interest  ;  novel;  odd;  Strange;  mysterious. 

3.  Involving  ingenuity  or  skill.    4|.  Fastidious;  delicate; 

BCnipUlOUS.  [OF.,  -'  L.  CUriOSUS,  ■  CUra,  care.)  Syn..- see 
inquisitive;  queer;   rare.  —  cu'rl-ous-ly,  adv.-  cu'rl- 

OUS-lless.  ii 


curl 


.  D    •  •>'  8r;  full.  rOle;  '""•  born; 

it,  loo;   I  i  ..,,.,      .,„„,        -.'Ov 


1 1 

I 


,  11  r  I 

liliNiwm  rlliut  the  hair. 

U  'I  III)!    IS 

iur-ii 

vi'i,    < 

A  low 
MITT 

rum.  i  grain. 

imbcr      ourn  'i  \  . 
rur'ranl,  •  •  •  round,  acid 

.'. 

inthos, 

,  11  r  r.  in.  I-        1-  '     culating  free- 

belong- 

II.         I.  A  continuous 

.    flowing. 

•;  L.°* 

entic; 

rur  r.  u-i  ...  I.  The  currenl 

ton: 

<  ur'rent-l)  .  .         cur '- 

t  ur'rt-r  B<-ll  '  "><e. 

.  ,|  two-horse 

ro,  run.) 
.  ur-ri.    ii-liliu.  •   .-rlc'yu-lum. 

[L.,  a  race, 

,  ii r  n-.  r.  who  curries 

.-  •  i-.  --   .  •  urrler,  or  the 


I. 
.  pre- 

.  or   r .  -i  .,iu  Ii    . 

Iii   curry 
r.  i  lency. 

1 .  ed  as  a 

cur'rj  sanee$.   2.  A 
.  curry.] 

I .  muni- 

bo.    II. 

i  bomination; 
•  .1 1  or  de- 

rurs'ed-1) . 

I . 

irce  of 
■ 
.   .    .  I.  ng;  flowing: 

II. 

I.  i  Itted  fur  run- 
.i  char- 

-- 

ating  to  running.] 

rflcial.     Arit.: 
minute,  painstaking, 
ur   -.»-rl-l) .  •  ur  '-«»-rl-ii •  - 


(  ur 


i  ur- 

I 


,  in  i .  I.  <  lonoise  and  abi  up)  in  aol  i  >i 

I  and  iharp  Lo  mannoi .  bruak,    |  < 

lolled         Clirl  'I)  .  Orfl        curl  'in M 

,  ut  -i  ,,i  .  i      ■  "     ■     To  oul  off,  '"  ••Hi 

ii  .  reduoe,     |  •  <  IF.  courtauU,  < 

m  viati;  i'. i  i  in  .■  ii 

.  iir-l  ill    in,  ill  .    .        Bjm        »     M  ill  ITIATI   IN 
i  ur    i.iiii.  :  'i  in       I.  w        I  i.  lUppl]    »  i 

by  a  •in  i. un.   IL  ti     1.  An  adjustable 
.  ovoring,  banging 
ihiii  ■  i     ii      1 1  ,ii i  un.    :i.  Fori 

i  that  connects  the  flank   of  two  bastion*  oi 
01  LI  i    •  ohora,  an 

i  url.illl   Of  lire   (  Mtltl  I.  fliill-lln    .Ii     r-lii  .1  In 

i  ii,  advance  ol  reinforcements 
,ni  iii'.    i., i     cut  off;  short;  curt;  brlel     II.  n,    1.  An  ani- 
mal with  docked  tall.    2.  A  naval  oannon     :t.   \  i 
like  Instrument.    [See  curtail.]    cour'telti  cur'inllt. 

,  in    i  il  .i\'    .  leutla         i  ur'li-l.i^i  ;  curl 'l;i\' :  ciir'- 

iir  .i\"t.    cartel  friurt,  M  friar  attendant  ai  tin  gate  ol  a 
■  ■in '     cur'telt, "     l 
eur'tate,  1  kOr'tet;  2  cur'tat,  a.    Shortened     I      I    i 
to.shorten,  •    curius.  short  i    cur-te'tlon,  n. 
eur'te-sy,  1  kOr'ti-si;  2  eflr'te-fly,  n,    I.  Courtesy,    2.  Law. 
i,t,  j  of  England,    Sri,  mi  ,;i  i  •■, .    cur'te-1-syet. 
i  ur  i  i-laiic  l  kOr'ti-liJ;  2  cOr'tl-laft,  n.   /  lund  ad- 

jacent in  a  dwelling  house,  and  used  In  connection  with  u 
L.cort        court.] 
Cur 'tis,  i  iur-ii-;  2  cur'Us,  George  William  (1824 

\n  American  writer  and  lecturer. 
Cur'tl-us, n.    1. 1  kur'isi-u-  Ernst  (1814   1896 

a  German  historian.    2. 1  kufsiu-us;  :.'  eur/shl-O     Mettus 
■  Hilary  Roman  youth  (B.  C.  862),  who  leaped  Into  a 
chasm  in  the  forum  to  appease  the  wrath  ut  the  godc 
the  city.  [to-syet. 

cur'tolst,  a.   Courteous. — cur'toy-set, n.    Courtesy,   cur'- 
ciiri  's>,  1  kurt'si;  2  eflrt'sy,  v.  <s  n.    Same  aa  coxnti 

enrt'seyi. 
en 'rule,  1  klu'rfjl:  2  eQ'rul,  a.  Rom.  AnttQ.  1.  Of  ur  pertaining 
chariot.    8.  Magisterial;  official     [<  L  cvrulls,  <  cur- 
charlot,  <  curro,  run  |    curule  dignity,  the  rlghl  to 
-ii  in  the  curule  chair.— e.  seat  or  chair,  the  official 
Roman  magistrates  ol  the  highest  rank. 
ciir\   c\  1  kfirv;  2  ourv.     I.  it.  &  si.     [CTJKVfj  IDB;  CI  BV' 
in.;  ]     ["oi      ime  or  cause  to  assume  the  foi 
more  in  a  curve;  bend.    II.  a,    Having  a  differenl 
tional  every  point.    III.  ft .    1.  A  line  continuously  bent 
ii  un  portion  of  it  is  straight,  as  the  arc  of  a  circle. 
2.  A  bending,  or  something  bent.    3.  In  baseball,  the 
deviation  in  the  course  of  a  pitched  ball  produced  by 
the  pitcher.    [<  L.  curro,  <  evmts,  bent.]    Syn ^  see  bbnd. 
cur'ialc,    a.      Evenly    bent;    curved.      cur'iat-edt.— 
cur-va'tlon,  n.    Theact  of  curving.— cur'va-ture,  n.    The 
act  of  bending,  or  the  state  of  being  curved;  amount  or  rate 
of  bending.    cur'?l-tj  ;. 
cur 'vet,  1  kOr'vet;  2  cur'vfit.    I'1,  vt.  &ri.    To  prance  ur 
to  prance.    II.  n.    A  light,  low  leap  ol  a 
made  so  thai  al  one  movemenl  all  four  legs  are  off  the 
ground.    [<L.ucurvo,  <  curiua,  bent.] 
CUr'vi-,  1  kiir'vi-;2  cilr'vi-.    From  Latin  run  M  .■--,  curved:  a 
combining  form.—  <'ur"vi-fo'li-alo,  a.    Saving  curved 
[f    L.  folium,  leal.] — cur"vl-Iln'e-ar,  a.    Formed 
irved  lines.    cur"vl-lln'e-al*.    Syn.:  sec  hound. 
Cush,  1  I.  ii  lb.;  2  Cush,  n.         1.  A  son  of  Ham;  lived  about  2250 
Ii.  < '.     <;<  n.  x.  Ii.     2.  Same  as  I.i  BI0P1  \. 

cush 'at,  l  l.u  Sh'sl  ur  kudh'st;  2  eush'al  or  eush'at,  n      i  hi 

European  ring  dove  (<  olutnba  palumbus).    [<  AS.  cuscole, 

perl  quli  Stan,  shoot.) 

Cusb'lng,   1    kiish'iii;  2   eush'lng,   Caleb   (1800-1879).     An 

American  jurist  and  diplomat. 
cash 'Ion,  1  kush'en;  '2  eush'on.    I.  rl.    To  place  on  a 

cushion;  provide  with  a  cushion.    II.  n.    1.  A  flexible 

■  lilli  il  with  Soft  or  elastic  material,  as  feathers  or 

air.    2.  Something  resembling  a  cushion;  any  di 
deaden  the  jar  or  impact  ol  parts.    [  <  I..1-'''0*  culcita, 

pillow. 1 
Cush 'man,  1  kui  h'man;2  <ush'man,  Charlotte  (1816-187C). 

An  American  tragic  actress. 
,ii~k,  i  i.iisi.;  2  cask,  n.   A  couVllke  flsh  iBrosmlus  brosme),  of 

northen  ^ 

cusp,  1  kusp;  2  cfisp,  n    <M,,-  ^.^•~ 

of  the   point  I  nf   I  he    en     -    Ki^_    ' 

moon,   or  something  '  ^~ 

mbling  it;     a   promi-  qus  i/u 

nence  or  point ,  as  on  i  he 

crown  of  a  tooth.      [<  L.  CUSpis,  point.]  —  eusped,  (i. 

.^^us'pl-datc,  a.     Having  a  cusp  or  cusps,   eus'pl-dalt; 

cus'|tl-<lal"ccl:. 
eus'pi-dur,  1  kus'pi-dor or -der;  2  efis'pi-dor  or -ddr, n. 

A  spittoon.     [  <  L.1*  conspuo,  spit.]    cus'pl-dorej. 


1:3  =  final;    I  =  hablt^    aisle:    an  =  out;    oil;    Iu  =  fewd;    cTiin;    go;    n  =  sire.g;    Chin,    this. 
209       2: wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this. 


curl 
oyanate 


cus'pls.l  kus'pis;  2  cus'pis,  re.  1  [-pi-des,  -pi-dlz;  2-pi-deg, 
pl.\     A  cusp.  [L.] 

cus"ta-lo'rum,  1  kus'ta-lo'rum;  2  cus"ta-16'rum,  re.  Custos 
rotulorum:  a  corruption.  Shakespeare  Merry  Wives  of 
Windsor,  act  i,  sc.  1. 

cus'tard,  1  kus'tard;  2  cus'tard,  n.  A  mixture  of  milk, 
eggs,  sugar,  etc.,  boiled  or  baked.  [<  F.  croustade,  pie, 
<  L.  crusta,  crust.] — cus'tard  =ap"ple,  n.  A  tropical 
fruit  having  a  soft,  edible  pulp. 

Cus'ter,  1  kus'tar;  2  cus'ter,  George  A.  (1839-1876).  A 
United  States  general;  killed  by  Indians. 

CUS'to-dy,  1  kus'to-di;  2  eus'to-dy,  re.  1.  A  keeping; 
guardianship.  2.  Restraint  of  liberty;  imprisonment. 
[<  L.  custodia,  guard,  <  custo(d-)s,  guardian.]  Syn.:  see 
fetter.  —  cus-to'di-al,  a.  Pertaining  to  custody  or  to  a 
custodian.  —  cus-to'di-an,  re.  A  guardian,  cus'todei; 
cus-to'di-eri;.— cus-to'di-an-ship,  re. 

cus'tom,  1  kus'tam;  2  eus'tom,  re.  1.  Habitual  practise; 
common  or  recognized  usage.  2.  Law.  An  old  and  gen- 
eral usage  that  has  obtained  the  force  of  law.  3.  Busi- 
ness support;  patronage.  4.  A  tariff  or  duty  assessed 
by  law:  in  this  sense  always  plural.  [  <  L.LL+OF  consue- 
ludo,  custom.]  Syn.:  fashion,  habit,  manner,  practise,  style, 
use.  See  habit;  tax. — cus'tom-a-bl(ep,  a.  1.  Liable  or 
subject  to  duty  or  customs;  dutiable.  2f.  Customary. — 
cus'tom-a-ry,  a.  Conforming  to  or  established  by  custom. 
Syn.:  see  common':  general;  habitual;  usual. — cus'tom- 
a-rl-!y,  adv.  In  the  customary  manner;  ordinarily,  cus'- 
tom-a-blyj.  —  cus'tom-a-rl-ness,  re.  cus'tom-a-bl(e- 
nesspJ. — cus'tom-er,  n.  1.  One  who  gives  his  custom  or 
trade;  a  purchaser.  2.  [Colloq.]  A  person  with  whom  one 
deals  or  meets:  usually  qualilied:  as.  an  ugly  customer.  St. 
A  collector  of  customs.— eus 'torn  =house",  re.  The  place 
where  entries  ot  imports  are  made  and  duties  collected;  the 
department  of  customs. 

cus'tos  ro"tu-lo'rum,  1  kus'tes  ro"tu-lo'rum;  2  cus'tos 
ro"tu-lo'rum.  [Eng.]  A  principal  justice  of  a  county,  who 
keeps  the  records  of  the  justices'  court.  [L.,  literally,  keeper 
of  the  rolls.] 

cut,  1  kut;2  cut,  v.  [cut;  cut'ting.]  \.t.  1.  To  make  an 
incision  in;  divide,  trim,  or  shape,  as  with  a  knife;  sep- 
arate; sever;  prune;  clip;  hew;  wound:  often  followed  by 
in,  into,  off,  or  up.  2.  To  affect  deeply;  hurt;  pain; 
grieve.  3.  To  reduce  the  length  or  extent  of.  4.  To 
meet  or  pass  intentionally  without  recognition;  affect 
not  to  know.  5.  To  sever  or  interrupt  connection  with. 
6.  To  cause  to  pierce  the  gums;  as,  to  cut  one's  teeth.  7. 
To  castrate.  II.  i.  1.  To  operate  or  act  by  incision; 
make  a  gash.  2.  To  be  adapted  for  dividing  or  severing. 
3.  To  have  the  qualities  of  being  severable.  4.  To  grow 
through  the  gums:  said  of  the  teeth.  5.  [Slang.]  To  make 
off  quickly  and  smartly;  skip  off.     [Celt.] 

Syn.:  carve,  chop,  cleave,  dissect,  gash,  hack,  hew,  sever, 
shear,  slice,  sunder,  whittle.  See  abbreviate;  retrench. 
— cut'=ofT",  n.  1.  [U.  S.]  A  short  cut.  2.  A  mechanism 
that  cuts  off  flow,  as  of  steam. — cut-out,  n.  Elec.  A  switch' 
like  arrangement,  as  for  cutting  a  light  out  from  a  circuit. — 
cut'purse",  n.  A  pickpocket— cut'ter,  re.  1.  One  who 
cuts,  shapes,  or  fits  anything  by 
cutting.  2.  That  which  cuts, 
a  tool  or  machine.  3.  Naut. 
A  sharp  single-masted  vessel 
of  fore-and-aft  rig,  usually 
carrying  a  mainsail,  topsail, 
jib,  and  forestaysall;  loo  e 
ly,  any  sloop  of  narrow 
beam  and  deep  draft.  (2) 
A  small,  swift,  steam* 
vessel,  as  in  the  reve- 
nue marine  service.  (3) 

a  medium-sized  man 

of=war's    boat .      4. 
[U.     8.]       A     sin. ill 
sleigh.  —  cuC- 
throat",  n.  A 
bloodthirsty 
r  u  f  f  1  an. — 

CUt'tlllK-       I. 

pa.  1.  Adapt- 
ed to  cut; 
edged.  2.  Dis- 
agreeably pen- 
etratlng; 
sharp;      chill- 


( mil 

a,  mainsail:  >■       ■ 


olub-topi  ait;  '/.  iminll  j 1 1 « — 

ing.    3.  Tend-  '"' ''   '■  ';l,;  '  ]  '■  "l:l  '   '  ''' 

lt,f/'   to   arnnnri    DOMtj  k,  Qlub-topMl]     par;   /,  t„-.-  y  t;    1.  lull    of    iiialiinntl;  •_', 

LUg      HI    WUUUU    i ,   ,  ,     M   ,.,     ,,,     i     i .  i     

tlie      reelings;  u,.k  „f  lail.  0|  cl(.w  ot  nil;  7j  tbro«t  of  dmIuhU; 

sarcastic;  mainsail. 

bitter.     Syn.: 

see  bittek;  bleak.     II.  n.     I.  The  act  of  severing.     2. 

Something  obtained  or  made  by  cutting;   a  piece  cut  olT  or 

OUt;  a  young  shoot  cut  off  for  root  lug;  an  open  excavation, 


Cutworm. 


as  for  a  railroad-track. — cut'wa"ter,  re.  I.  Naut.  The  for- 
ward part  of  the  prow  of  a  vessel.  2.  The  edge  on  the  up» 
stream  side  of  a  bridge*  " 
pier.— cut'worm",  n.  A 
larval  moth  that  cuts  off 
young  plants,  usually  at  or 
near  the  surface  of  the 
ground. 

cut,  pa.  1.  Formed  or  af- 
fected by  cutting;  wound- 
ed; severed.  2.  Dressed 
or  finished  by  a  tool,  as 
stone  or  glass. — cut  and 
dried,  prepared  or  ar- 
ranged beforehand ;  got 
up  for  the  occasion.  — 
cut'sand=thrust",  a.  In- 
tended for  cutting  and 
thrusting:  said  of  a  sword. 

cut,  re.  1.  The  opening,  cleft,  or  wound  made  by  an  edged 
instrument;  a  gash;  slit.     2.  A  cutting  motion  or  stroke. 

3.  The  part  cut  off.  4.  That  which  cuts  or  hurts  the 
feelings.  5.  A  cutting.  6.  A  direct  way,  as  across  an 
angle.  7.  Fashion;  form;  style.  8.  Print.  An  engraved 
block,  or  an  impression  from  it.  9.  A  reduction,  as  in 
rates.  10.  A  refusal  to  recognize  an  acquaintance. 
Syn.:  see  blow. 

cu-ta'ne-ous,  1  kiu-te'm-us;  cu-ta'ne-us,  a.  Consisting 
of,  pertaining  to,  or  like  skin.    [  <  L.  cutis,  skin.] 

cutch1,  1  kucTi;  2  euch,  re.    Couch-grass. 

cutch*,  re.    Same  as  catechu.     [Anglo-Ind.] 

cute,  1  kiut;  2  cut,  a.  1.  Clever  or  sharp,  especially  in  looking 
out  for  one's  own  advantage  in  petty  ways.  2.  [Colloq., 
U.  S.]  Bright  and  taking;  attractive.  [Short  for  acute.]  — 
cute'ly,  adv.— cute'ness,  re. 

Cuth'bert,  1  kufh'bart;  2  cuth'bert.  Saint.  An  English 
monk  and  missionary  in  northern  England;  died  in  687. 

CU'ti-cI(ep,  1  kiu'ti-kl;  2  eu'ti-cl,  re.  1.  The  outer  layer 
of  cells  that  protects  the  true  skin;  epidermis.  2.  Any 
superficial  covering.  [  <  L.  cuticula,  dim.  of  cutis,  skin  ] 
— cu-tlc'u-lar,  a.  [L.] 

cu'tls,  1  kiu'tis;  2  eu'tis,  re.  Anat.  The  skin;  also,  the  corium. 

cut'las,  1  kut'las;  2  etit'las,  n.    [-es,  pi]    A  short,  heavy, 
sword-like  weapon.     [  <  L.F  cultellus,  dim. 
of  cutter,  knife.]     cut  'lass  ;. 

cut'ler,  1  kut'lar;  2  cut'ler,  re.  One  who< 
makes  or  deals  in  cutlery. — cut'ler-y,  re. 

1.  Cutting-instruments    collectively.      2. 
The  occupation  of  a  cutler. 

cut'let,  1  kut'let;  2  cut'let,  n.  A  thin  piece 
of  meat,  as  veal  or  mutton,  for  broiling  or 
frying.     [  <  F.  cotelette,  dim.  of  cote,  rib.] 

cut'tie,  1  kut'i;  2  ctit'i,  re.  1.  An  auk.  black 
guillemot*.    2.  [Scot.]  A  worthless  woman. 

cut/tie1,  1  kut'l;  2  cut'l,  re.     1.  A  cuttlefish. 

2.  Cuttlebone.  [<  A.S.  cudele.] — cut'tle- 
boiie",  n.  The  internal  calcareous  plate 
of  a  cuttlefish.  —  cut'tle-flsh",  n.  A 
marine,  rapacious,  carnivorous  mollusk, 
with  lateral  fins  and  8  or  10  sucker-bearing  arms'  and 
an  internal  calcareous  shell  or  bone:  if  conceals  itself  by 
ejecting  an  inky  fluid.         [cutpurse. 

cut'tle2t,  re.    A  cutpurse's  knife;  hence,  a 
CUt'ty,  1  kut'i;  2  Clit'y.  [Scot.] 

I.  a.      Short,    in    any    sense; 

hasty;  quick.     II.   n.     [CDT'- 

TlEsz,  pl.\       I.    Anything    cut 

short:  diminutive  of  cut.    2. 

The  hare.     3.  A  thick-set.  girl. 

4.  a  slattern.    (Dim.  of  ct  r. 
— cut'ty=sark",  re.      A  short  | 
chemise. — cstool,  re.      1. 

little  stool.  2.  [Scot.]  A  seat! 
In  church  where  offenders  sat,' 
to    receive    public    rebuke. — 

c.'wren,  re.  [Eng.]  Thewren. 
t'u"vicr\  l  kil'vyC;  2  cu'vye/, 

<;e«rg<-s  Baron  (1769-1882). 

French  naturalist;  Founded  comparative  anatomy, 
Cux'lia"vcii,  l  kui<s'hn"frii;  2  euks'hS "fi'ii.  "      V  German 

naval  ba  BOH  tin    Elbe;  bombarded  by  British  191  I. 
Cuyp,  1  kelp; 2  eoyp,  Albert  (1606-1691).    A  Dutch  painter. 
Cuz'co,  ]  i.us'ko;  2  eus'eo,  «.    A  department  (166,270 sq.  m.; 

pup,  439,000)  ol  s.  Peru;  also,  lis  capital  u»'ii    13,000) 
C.  V.,  "t'hr.    common  Version  (of  the  Bible)      ('-  >V..  abbr. 

Canada  west,     <•.  w.  o.,  abbr.    rush  with  order,    cwt., 

abbr.    Hundredweight  or  hundredweights, 
-cy,  suffix.     Denoting  condition,  quality,  office,  rank,  etc  . 

as  an  itocracj/,  captaincy,  magistracy.    |  <  L.  -cm,  -tia.\ 
cy'a-nale,  1  Mii'.i-in'a;  2  cy'a-nat,  n.  Chen.  A  salt  of  cyanic 

acid 


Cutlas. 


Cuttlefish.     '   i., 

,i,  iii,  outtli  b 


.  I  i  .  <V   not.flr;  full.  rOI.- :   Lilt.  Mm] 

ii  i  i  ,  win i,         'ill) 


i . 


\ 


■  in   .  -ir\  . 


rll.l.    . 


.  >    .  I..-. 


tr>. 


rlr. 
r>    <  loot. 


Family  of 

>  >-«  .1  .1.  -  in. 

>  ..f  ( in- 

■ 

■  n  '  orldbul- 

-■■»  '  bread" :. 

i     1.  To 

..  .    :•   ■■  •     '!■  V  ■  ml.   .l  bicycle,  tricycle,  or 

i  of  which  i'it- 

■ 

•  period; 

•  •  '     i    >|Mr;il 

*  .  path  in  a  dia- 

etc.      (<    Gr.,L 

...    li.  . 

■  |  ■   ii-.  .1        .>i  ling, 

'  a  cyclist. — cy'- 

I  -  the  like. 

maintains  the  cyclic  recurrence  of 

- 

CI  'clold.    I.  a. 

II-  ••!    The  «'ur\  i- 

<  >-•  i.. i  .i.il.         cy-dom'e-ter,  n.    au 


r>-rluiii',- 

b 
r)"rh>-iii.  t 


OommoD  Cycloid. 

tbxtm;  >  4.  Ilor  ojmo  «hleh 

f  relatively  low 

blowing 

at  and  destruc- 

<  Gr.  kyklon,  ppr.  of  kykloo. 


«  > 


whirlwind.     E 

>-'  l..ii  'I-.  . » l  —  l  > .  ey-elon  '- 

the  approach  of 

■ 

epfi'di-a,   n. 

branch  of  kr,;.  li:»       |Short  for 

•  .    .  lo-pi  -|,  e    dli  .  I 

'■"'•'  "v:    •••:■■'  a  '■■.•.•■:-•:  .i      '.'.I      •   ;i  <yrlo[K-(lla;  ern- 

-p;i-'  - 

■  ■  ol  one* 

■    .  1.  a  Titan  who 


• 


norama 
■■theater  ■■  :%<■-.  .■  irua:  -  'ir:.»c,..  n-prwutlhi;  u  battle. 
Md  or  th» 

■■•    '  ■■'   "  ■' .'  '.'.»•.'.•••'•-•.-  r-i    \Jr-  .   Or.  horama, 

I  )  'rlo-rarn   Ii  . 
Crd'ams  A  river  In  Asia  Minor;  Its 

water  la  very  cold.    Kydm.-: 


i    ■.      \  \  ..nut'  swan.    I  •    I.  ' 

van        Cyg'ne-OQS,   .      In  Im. (any, 

i  |  I  ln-.li-r.    I  :    i  .:.'..  \  I  in  .I.  i  I .     \    .  Lroular 

■■•nil  diatnotcr,  il rtremitiea  ..t  which  are 

.'  ■  •  v  i-\  lindrical  por- 

'mi,  .  especially  it  hollow,  ana  proportioned 
ngth  •  \.  ■  .  .1  •  the  diameter;  specifically,  a 
i  motor  in  w  lurli  a  piston 

t  impael   tr..ni  the  steam  or  other 
in. .uve  fluid.    |<  Cr'"  kylindrot,  ■:  kylindO,  roll  I 
<  |  -Mm  ilrlr.        Shaped  like  a  ■•>  linder  or  a  Motion  oil  ■ 

i  -  >  —I  I  ■■  'ilrl-cal  BOUMD.      <*>  -III!  '- 

iiri-i .» i - 1 > .  cj  i  in-iir.ihi.  \  s..ii.i  bodi   Ilka  a 

:•  with  elliptical  section,    cjl'ln-drold,  a. 

i  )  in   .  '    -.  inrle. 

'    I  Cina.   n.      \-UM,    1    -ml:  8  -nie.   pi.]      1. 

\  curved  molding  with  a  reversed  curve  as  Its  profile: 
frequently  placed  above  a  cornice.    S,  Jim.  a  cymi 

tyinn,  a  \\a\  e  ] 
i  i  -in  ir  ■  \i  \u 

i>inii.il.  i    im'bal;  2  eym'bal.  »     <> f  a  pair  of  plate* 

like    metallic    musical    instruments   played    by    being 
clashed  together.    |<  Gr.'-'1'  kymbalon,  <  kymboa,  h..l- 
lou  a 
Cj  in  he-line.  i  .■.ini'hi-iin;  2  cj  in'iie-iin.  n.    in  Shakespeare  ■ 

kint:  ol  Britain. 
C)  me.  1    oim;2cym,  n.  />'"/.  A. flat*topped flower*cluster. 
tymo,  sprout,  wave.]    <•) 'mold.  /     Of  the  form  of  a 
cyme,    cy'mose,  a.  Bat.  Bearing,  pertaining  to,  or  like  a 
ej  'moiis;.    c>  'moae-Ij . 

r>m  lln.  1  >im'lm;  2  cym'lin.  n.  A  kind  of  squash.  c>  in  '- 
hi  I  nt : :  CJ  in  'II  m;  | ;  Sim  lln  : . 

c  >  iii *ry,  l  Bim'n  or  klm'n;  2  cym'ry  or  eym'ry,  n.  A  collec- 
tive name  fur  the  Welsh  and  their  Cornish  and  Breton  kin. 
|\\\.  pi.  of  Cymrn,  Welshman]  Cwm'ryt;  Cym'rl:; 
K>in'rj  .-.  Cym'rle.  I.  a.  Relating  to  the  Cymry.  II. 
n.    The  language  of  the  Cymry.    Kjm'rlc;. 

cynic,  1  sinik;  2  (yn'ic.  I.  a.  1.  [C-]  Belonging  to  or 
like  the  Cynics.  C'yn'i-cal:J:.  1.  Astron.  Pertaii 
Sirius,  the  dog^tar.  8.  Of  nr  like  a  <1ok.  II.  n.  |< *-] 
One  of  a  sect  of  Greek  philosophers  who  taught  con- 
tempt for  pleasure,  intellectual  or  sensual.  ''.  A  sneer- 
ing,  captious  person;  a  misanthrope;  pessimist.  [  <  Gr.L 
ti/nilrus,  doc'lkc.] —  cyn'1-cal,  a.  Given  to  or  marked  by 
snecrinu  at  evidences  of  virtue  and  disinterested  motives; 
Inclined  to  moral  skepticism:  pessimistic.  Syn.:  see  cai>- 
iim  s  ryn'l-cal-ly,  adv. — cyn'l-clsm,  n.  The  state  or 
quality  of  beinir  cynical:  contempt  lor  the  virtuous  or  gen- 
erous sentiments  of  others,    eyn'1-ral-nos:. 

cy 'no-sure,  1  Boi'no-sriur;  2  cv'no-shur,  n.  An  object  of 
general  interest  or  attention.  [<  Gr.L  Kynosoura,  the 
Little  Hear.) 

On'thl-a,  1  Bin'Ou-a:  2  cyn'thl-a.  ».  1.  Myth.  An  epithet  of 
Artemis  (Diana) :  from  Mt.  (  ynthus,  Delos,  where  she  was 
born.    Z.  [Poet]  The  moon. 

Cj  ii  'I  lil-us,  1  sln'thl-ns;  2  cyn'thl-us,  n.  Gr.  Myth.  Apollo. 

ey'pher,  r.  A  n.    Same  as  CTPHXB. 

c>  'press',  1  sai'pros;  2  cy'pres,  n.  An  evergreen  tree  of 
southern  Europe  ana  western 
remarkable  for  the  dura- 
bility of  its  timber;  also,  a  kin- 
dredplant,  as  the  funeral  cypress, 
with  pendulous  branches  like-  a 
wiii. inn  willow.  [<  Gr.L*OF 
.  cypres8<rtree.l 

<■)  'press  ,'..  Seei  s  phi  9,  <•>  'presset, 

Cyp'rt-an,  1  slp'n-an;   2  cyp'n-an. 
Saint  \  Latin  lather; 

mart  \red  under  Val 

cyp'rl-nold,  1  slp'n-neld;  2  cyp'ri- 

n. .il.  I.  a.  (  arp-llke.  II.  n.  Ahsliof 

arp family.   [<  kyprinoa. carp.j 

<  )p"rl-pe'ill-um,      1      slp'n-pi'di-  Cypress  and 
Dm;    2    cyp'ri-iK-'di-um,    n.       liul.     Its  Fruit. 

BUS  of  orchids,  mainly  terrestrial,  with  fibrous  roots, 
plaited  leaves,  and  lar^e  arid  lieailtiful  Qowers  With 
[xjiich-hke  lip:  popularly  ca  Ii  d  lady'8<sllpper  and  niocca- 
Bln«flower.    [<  <;r.  Kypris,  Venus.  +  pedton,  plain] 

Cj  'prus  .  l  aal'prus;  2  cy'pnis,  n.  a  British  island  (3.584  sq. 
m.;  |mp  274,000),  Mediterranean  sea.  B  of  Asia  Minor;  Cap- 
ital. Nie  Nov. 5, 1914.  Cyp'rl-an.  [.a.  1. 
of  or  pertaining  to  Cyprus.  '!.  of  or  pertaining  to  the 
Paphlan  Aphrodite  CVenus);  hence,  unctiaste.  II.  n.  1.  A 
native  of  Cyprus;  also,  the  Cyprian  language.    2.  A  cour- 

ry'prus:.     I.  a.    [Prov.  Eng.l    Dark;  tabby;  as,  a  Cyprus  cat. 

II    .  '      A  delicate  transparent  black  lawn. 
Cy-re'ne,  1  Boi-rl'nl;  2  vy-re'ne,  n.    A  former  Greek  city  In  N. 

capital  of  colony  of  Cjrcnaica. 
Cyril,   1  slr-il;  2   cyr'n.   Saint   (376-444).     Archbishop  of 

Alexandria;  a  father  ol  the  church. 


1:3=  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    ail  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    o  =  eino;    thin,   ttiis.         cyanic 
211        2:wQlf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    bQrn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.         datker 


Cy 'rus,  1  sai'rus;  2  c y'rus,  n.  1.  "The  Great"  (died  528  B.  C.) ; 
founder  of  Persian  empire.  2.  "The  Younger"  (4247-401 
B.  C),  second  son  of  Darius  Notus,  king  of  Persia:  led  the 
10,000  Greeks  against  his  brother,  Artaxerxes  II.;  defeated 
and  slain  at  Cunaxa.    See  Anabasis. 

cyst1, 1  sist;  2  cyst,  n.  1.  Anat.  Any  membranous  sac  or 
vesicle.  2.  Pathol.  Any  abnormal  sac  in  which  morbid 
matter  may  be  collected  and  retained.  3.  Zool.  (1)  A 
bladder=like  sac,  as  that  with  which  an  embryonic  tape- 
worm surrounds  itself .  (2)  A  bladder=worm.  4.  Bot.  A 
receptacle  for  oil  in  the  rind  of  the  orange  and  like  fruits. 
[<  Gr.  kystis,  bladder,  <  kyo,  contain.) — cyst'lc,  a.  1. 
Zool.  Encysted.  2.  Having  cysts.  3.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a 
cyst.  4.  Cyst-like. — cys'to-cele,  n.  A  hernia  or  rupture 
Involving  the  protrusion  of  the  urinary  bladder. — cys-tot'- 
o-my,  n.  Svrg.  A  cutting  into  the  bladder;  the  opera- 
tion of  puncturing  an  encysted  tumor. —  cys'tous,  a. 
Cystic. 

cyst',  n.    A  chest;  cist. 

Cyth"e-re'a,  1  sith'i-ri'a;  2  cyth*e-re'a,  n.   A  name  of  Aphro- 


dite (Venus) ,  from  the  island  of  Cythera,  near  which  she  is 
fabled  to  have  risen  from  the  sea. 

cy'to-,  1  sni'to-;  2  cy'to-.  From  Greek  kytos,  hollow  place:  a 
combining  form.— cy-tol'o-gy,  n.  The  scientific  study  of 
cell  organisms. — cy"to~log'lc,  cy"to-log'i-cal,  a. — cy"to- 
log'1-cal-ly,  adv.— cy-tol'o-glst,  n—  cy'to-plasm,  n. 
Biol.  Protoplasm;  specifically,  that  of  a  cell-body  as  dis- 
tinguished from  the  nucleus. — cy"to-plas'mic,  a. 

czar,  1  zdr;  2  zar,  n.  An  emperor  or  absolute  monarch; 
especially  [C-],  the  emperor  of  Russia.  [  <  Rus.  tsare, 
<  L.  Czesar,  Csesar.J  tsar;;  tzarf.— Czar'e-vltch,  n. 
The  eldest  son  of  the  Czar  of  Russia.  Czar'e-wltch J; 
Czar'o-wltcht;  Czar'o-wltzi;  Tsar'e-vitcht.— Cza- 
rev'na,  n.  The  wife  of  the  Czarevitch;  formerly,  any 
daughter  of  the  Czar.  Tsa-rev'naJ.— Cza-rl'na,  n.  The 
empress  of  Russia.    Tsa-rl'nat. 

Czech,  1  c"hek;  2  chec,  n.  1.  A  member  of  that  branch  of  the 
Slavic  people  residing  mainly  in  Bohemia,  but  also  in  Mora- 
via and  Hungary.    2.  The  language  of  the  Czechs.    [Boh.] 

Czer'ny,  1  tser'ni;  2  tser'ny,  Karl  (1791-1857).  An  Austrian 
composer  and  pianist;  teacher  of  Liszt. 


D 


D  d    Roman. 


Black 
Letter. 


V    Script. 


D,  d,  1  dl;2  de,  n.  [dees,  D's,  or  Ds,  1  dlz;2  de?,  pi.]  The 
fourth  letter  in  the  English  alphabet;  as  a  Roman  nu- 
meral, 500. 

D.,  abbr.  David,  Decimus,  Decius.  Democrat,  Democratic, 
deputy,  deserter,  didymium,  dowager,  Dublin,  duchess, 
duke,  Dutch. — d.,  abbr.  Daughter,  day,  dead,  degree,  de- 
narius (L.,  penny),  deserted,  died,  dime,  dollar,  dose. 

dab,  1  dab;  2  dab,  v.     [dabbed,  dabds;  dab'bino.]     I.  t. 

I.  To  pat  or  strike  softly;  pat  or  smear  with  or  as  with 
a  dabber.  2.  To  strike  with  a  quick  blow,  thrust,  or 
peck.  II.  i.  To  giveadabor  dabs.  [ME.  dabben;  cp.  G. 
tappe,  paw.) — dab'ber,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  dabs; 
a  printers'  inking=ball;  an  engravers'  pad,  etc.;  a  dauber. 
— dab'bing,  re.  The  process  of  indenting,  as  with  a  sharp 
hammer,  the  surface  of  a  stone. 

dab1,  n.  1.  A  gentle  blow;  a  pat.  2.  A  quick  stroke  or 
thrust;  a  peck.  3.  A  small  lump  or  patch  of  soft  sub- 
stance, as  butter  or  paint. 

dab2,   n.     One   of   various   flounders.     [Cp.  dab1,  n.,  3.  ] 

dab3,  n.  A  skilful  person;  adept.  [Perhaps 
cor.  of  adept.]  dab'sterj. 

dab'ble,  )l   dab'l;   2  dab'l,   v. 

dab'l1.  )  [dab'bled,  dab'ldp; 
dab'-bling.I  I.  t.  To  dip 
lightly  and  often;  splash; 
sprinkle.  II.  i.  To  play,  as 
with  the  hands,  in  a  fluid;  splash  gently;  engage  slightly 
or  superficially.     [Freq.  of  dab,  v.]— dab'bler,  n. 

dab'chlck",  1  dab'cnik";  2  dab'cnik*,  re.  1.  A  fledgeling; 
hence,  an  immature  or  delicate  person.  2.  A  small  grebe  of 
Europe  and  North  America,  remarkable 
for  its  quickness  in  diving.  [  <  dap,  va- 
riant of  dip,  +  chick. J 

dab'ster,  1  dab'star;  2  dab'stcr,  n.  A 
handy  person;  adept. 

da  ca'po,  1  da  kii'po;  2  da  cii'po.  Mv3. 
From  the  beginning:  a  direction  to  repeat 
the  beginning  of  a  movement.  [It.,  <  L. 
de,  from;  caput,  head.] 

dace,  1  dcs;  2  dac,  n.  A  small  fresh» 
water  fish. 

dachs'hund,  1  dans'hunt;  2  diins'- 
hunt,  n.  A  small,  short-legged,  long' 
bodied  dog.    [G  ,  badger-hound] 

Da'cla,  1  de'slia;   2  dii'sha,  n.    A  province 
of  the  ancient  Roman  empire  in  S.  E.  Europe. — Da'rlan, 
a.  &  n. 

dack'er,  1  dak';>r;  2  dak'er,  v.  I.  1.  [Prov.  Eng.]  To  search, 
as    for  stolen    goods. 

II.  i.  1.  To  do  piece- 
work. 2.  To  barter; 
dicker.  3. To  grapple: 

clinch.  4.  To  saunter 
loiter.  5.  To  ransack 
<l  a  I  k  '  e  r  t    [Scot. 

dak'er  X- 
da-colt',  1  da-kolt'; 
da-colt',   n.     [Angl 
Ind]   A  member  ol 
robber-band  in  India  or  Burma.    [<  Hind,  hakait.]    da- 
kolt't.— da-colt'y,  n.    Robbery  by  gangs,   da-colt'aget. 


Dabchlck 


iropean  Dace. 


dac'tyl,  1  dak'til;  2  dSc'tyl,  n.  1.  Pros.  A  foot  consist- 
ing of  a  long  syllable  followed  by  two  short  ones  ( —  *- 
w).  2.  A  finger  or  toe;  digit.  [  <  Gr.  daktylos,  finger, 
dactyl.]— dac-tyl'lc.  I.  a.  Oforpertainingtodactyls.il. 
n.  A  dactylic  verse.— dac"tyl-l'tls,  n.  Inflammation  of  a 
finger  or  toe.— dac"ty-lol'o-gy,  n.  The  use  of  the  finger* 
alphabet,  as  by  deaf=mutes. 

dad,  1  dad;  2  dad,  n.  A  father:  used  bv  children,  rustics,  etc. 
[<  Ir.  da  id,  father.]  dad'dat;  dad'dlet;  dad'dyt.— dad'- 
dy  =long'=legs",  n.  1.  An  arachnid  with  small  body  and  very 
long  legs.  2.  A  dipterous  insect  with  very  long  slender  legs. 
crane'=fly"j. 

da 'do,  1  de'do;  2  da'do,  n.  A  plain  flat,  often  decorated 
surface  at  the  base  of  a  wall,  as  of  a  room;  one  of  the 
faces  of  a  pedestal.    [It.] 

Daed'a-lus,  1  ded'a-lus;2  ded'a-hls,  n.  Gr.Myth.  A  legendary 
sculptor  of  Athens  and  Crete.  See  Icarus.  Dal 'da-lost 
[Gr.]. 

dae'dal,  dse'mon,  etc.    Same  as  dedal,  demon,  etc. 

daffit,  l  daf ;  2  daf,  vt.  [Scot.]  To  toss  away;  doff. 

daff2«,  v.  [Scot.]  1. 1.  To  make  foolish.  II.  i.  To  be  foolish; 
play.— daft'ing,  n.    1.  Foolery;  play.    2.  Insanity. 

daflt,  n.    A  blockhead;  idiot.    [<  Ice.  daufr,  foolish.] 

daf'fo-dil,  1  daf'o-dil;  2  daf'o-dil,  n.  A  plant  with  soli- 
tary yellow  flowers.  [<  Gr.MB  asphodelos,  asphodel] 
daf'fa-dll"lyt;  daf'fo-d!l"lyt;  daf'fo-down-dll"ly|; 
daf'fy-down-dll"lyt. 

daft,  1  daft;  2  daft,  a.  1.  Silly;  imbecile;  insane.  2.  Frol- 
icsome.   [Orig.  same  as  deft.] 

dag1,  ldag;  2  dag,  n.  1.  Same  ssdague.  2.  A  large  ancient 
pistol.     3f.  A  dagger.    [  <  F.  dayue;  cp.  dagger,  n.\ 

dag2,  n.    A  loose  hanging  point,  lock,  or  shred.    [<dag'.] 

dag'ger,  1  dag'ar;  2  dag'er,  n.  1.  A  short,  edged,  and 
pointed  weapon,  for  stabbing,  etc.  2.  Print.  A  refer- 
enee*mark  (t).    [  <  W.  dagr,  dagger.] 

dag'gle,  1  dag'l;  2  dag'l.  vt.  &  t'i.  To  trail  or  draggle,  as  In  the 
mud  or  wet;  make  or  become  moist.    [Freq.  of  Sw.  dagga.) 

da'go,  1  d(l'go;2  da'go,  n.  [Slang,  U.  S.]  A  dark-skinned  for- 
eigner; especially,  an  Italian,  Spaniard,  or  Portuguese.  [Cor. 
of  Sp.  Diego,  James,  <  IX.  Jacobus,  James.] 

dag'o-ba,  1  dag'o-ba;  2  diig'o-ba,  n.  A  dome-shaped  Buddhist 
monument  or  shrine,  containing  sacred  relics.  [Cingalese.] 

Da'gon,  1  de'gan;  2  dfl'gon,  n.  A  Philistine  national  god, 
represented  as  half  man  and  half  fish.    Da'gant* 

riagiie,  1  dfg;  2  dag,  n.    An  unbranclied  antler.    [F.;  see  dag1.] 

Ua"guerre',  1  da'gar';  2  dii'ger',  Louis  J.  M.  (1789-1851). 
A  French  artist;  Invented  the  daguerreotype. 

da-guer're-an,  1  du-gar'i-an;  2  da-ger'e-an,  a.  Pertain- 
ing to  the  daguerreotype.   da-Kucr'rl-an}:. 

da-gucrrc'o-type,  1  da-gar'o-tuip;  2  da-ger'o-typ.  I'. 
vt.  To  take  a  daguerreotype  of.  II.  n.  A.  former  photo- 
graphic process,  UHing  silver-coated  metallic  plates;  a 
picture  BO  made.  [<  Da/juerre,  the  inventor,  -|-  Gr. 
typos,  type.] 

Dah'lla,  1  dol'y a  or  de'Iyo;  2  dal'ya  or  da'lya,  n.  1.  A 
genus  of  flowering  herbs  of  the  aster  family.  2.  [d-]  A 
plant  of  this  genus.  3.  [d-]  A  violet  coal-tar  color.  [  < 
Dahl,  Sw.  botanist.! 

Da-ho'mey,  1  de-hO'mi;  2  da-hO'my,  n.  French  West-Afri- 
can colony  (41,000  sq.  m.;  pop.  012.000). 

dal'dllng,  1  <le'dlin;2  da'dllng,  a.   [Scot.]    Slow;  dawdling. 

daigh,  1  d0li;2c'aH,  n.  [Scot.]  Dough. 

dal'ker,  1  de'kar;  2  da'ker,  r.   [Scot.]   Same  as  DACKER. 

dal'ker,  n.  [Scot.]  Ten.    See  oicker2. 


. 


•        i         i  ii     'ii        d      fans 

i        ■  .  ill  I  .  ii    mi.  .  ii'  ,  won.  Ill 


111 
.1.1. 


. 

old  fin  : 

I . 

1 

In' 
lll- 


infr. 

dal  I  - 

Dat-ma'tla. 


■  Lin 


I 


II. 

il.iln  ll- 
I. 

.1   r\    linn  ". 
-Ini;.  il.il   r>  -in  1 1 •  I  Id  w  bO 

.l.il   r  %  -  in  .i  ii .  ■         \    •  n  ho 

.1,1   r\    vi..    (.,  in. 
1 . 

Hist  :i 

I . 

ox 'eye 

u .  i-ii  as   or 

day's 

I  in  DAKOTA; 

long  to 
UMI  rii    i  r    .      Il.i-k.i   I  in 

- 

I.irl   .,f       77"-1838). 
•  ral  of 

.  turing  city  In  X.  I: 

■  dally  those  running 

[pal'liep:  ihl'lt-isi;]     1. 

.'.   .     toy,  play,  or 

play,  trifle.]     dalli- 

f.  nulling:  social  chat. 


dal-mi'sha.  n.     An  Austrian 

D.iI-iii.i    ll.lll.  a.  A-  n. 

iss.    [  < 

-ln.it     l-i    l     ;ilal  'lll.l-liuue' 

I  I 

"tin      780    1844).    A 

■■:uH;  dam'uini.  ]    To 


ME*,  1  'i 
II 


[Of 

[form  of  DAMS.] 
r  animals.     [A 
I. 

me  iin- 
1  t  value; 

for  a 
wror.  amnum,  loss.]   Syn.:  <v>  rt. . 

dam  '.iK.-.i- 

d»m".i  - 

I. 

-' 

■■"j  •-    '  '  ■/-  '('"~-  •■■■■■■  '■'-•"!'    "■''■■.  f.-|.-t,r:ti«'<l  for  the 

-  wavy 
h   [▼art  .'  .'•   :      •  ■  -     -  rr  .-•   •  |).  -t.  i-l.  ■•  .    -teel  for- 

ds at  Damascus.  —  Dam  'aiy-cene, 
1  dam'»-4lD;  2  dam'a-cen,  a  4  r, 


.l.im    i-K.  ]                                      I.  i  ii,  pertaining  to, 

II.          I.    \  Linen  fabric 

•_•.   :  teel  made  :it 
S.  Pink*  or  roscoolor 

damask  t 

dam    i--kri-n'.  i  .i.i.i"..-  kin',  2  •■  Co  orna- 

■i.iiii  - 

.Inn     i--K.ll  .lull  ".l-kriirllli;.  Ilir  art 

i  sworo>blade.  etc  .  with  « 

ll.llll      ,1-ITll      I     I. 

dame,  .  •      l.  \  woman  of  In^li  social  i • « » — i — 

ied  or  mature  woman;  a 
:t  .  \  Lady,  fem.  of 

Holier!    I  r.iin  ■  Il 
i    enchfanuUc;    tabbed  L  >ul    \  \ 
damn.  I        I  odemn  to  lutureor 

punishment,    '-•  J  ely.    S.  To 

mn;  rum  by  advene  criticism,     II. 

condemn,  ■    dams  <i  un  'na-bl  e' . 

unnatlon;  detestable;  outrageous. 
•DCMi         dam'na-bly,  dam-na'tlon,  i      I.  Con- 

demnation to  futuri  I  or  pi  rdltlon;  the  state  of 

•  mi  .1      'i.  Hum. .ii  i    -in  i.r  public  dlsap- 

as  "f  a  i k  or  pla:      :i  .  Condemnation     dam'- 

na-to-ry,  Tending  to  convict  or  condemn:  consigning  to 
damnation  damned,  pa.  Judicially  reprobated  and  con- 
demned; senten i  to  eternal  punishment;  in  profane  use, 

bly  bad;  detestable:  also  used  adverblallj      dam'iil- 
ii .  ro  cause  injury,  hurt,  or  damage 

damning,  pa.    Condemning;  ln- 
■  uit:. 
Dani'o-eles,   1   dam'o-kha;  2  dam'o-clea,   i       \   nattering 
courtier,  seated  by  order  of  the  tyrant  Dionyslus  al  a  ban- 
quet, with  a  sword  suspended  over  bis  bead  bj  a  Blngle  hair 
Da' n mn  ami  t'j  Hi  'l-as.  1  dft'men,  pit!;',  i,  pyth'- 

ru.i  Byracusans,  proverbial  as  Mends.  Pythias  (cor- 
mdemned  t"  deatb  for  a  political  plot.ob- 
■  bis  bome,  and  left  his  friend  Damon  as 
.-.  but,  returning,  was  pardoned. 
dam'o-sel  ,ldam'o-eel  2 dam'o-eel.  n.    A  damsel,   dam'ol- 

sellel :  damwo-sel'lal :  dam'oy-selel :  dam  'o-ielt/. 
damp.  1  damp:  2  damp.     I  .  make  moist; 

dampen;  discourage;  check;  also,  to  hank,  as  a  tiro.    II. 
1.  3        iwhat  wet;  moist.    2.  Clammy;  cold.    -I>. 
arfr.    -ness,  n. 
damp,        l.  \  mi  derate  degn 

list.    2.  Mining.  Foul  air;  poisonous  gas.    3.  De- 
don   of  spirit.-,   or   that   which    :  [ME. 
p  (In  dampen. 
damp'en,  ri.  4  ri.    To  make  (lamp;  mi                         damper 
on;  check;  chill  or  depress,     damp'en-er,  ».-  damp'cr.  n 
1.  One  who  or  thai  which  damps  or  checks     '.'•  \  device  to 
check  the  draft,  as  of  a  stove,  or  to  stop  vibration,  as  in  a 
piano. 
Dam 'pier,  1  dam'plr;  2  dam'pSr,  William    1652-1715).    An 

b  navigator  who  sailed  round  tin- world. 
dam 'sell  1  dam'zel;  2  dam'sSl,  n.    A  young  unmarried 
woman;  maiden.       [<   LL.OF  domicclla,<   L.  d 

DAME.) 

dam 'son,  1  dam'zan;  2  d&m'gon,  n.    A  small  oval  purple 

plum:  also,  the  tree  producing  it 
dan    ,  1  dan;  2  dan,  n.    Don;  sir:  a  title  of  honor. 
it. in  .  i.i   rth  son  of  Jacob  and  first  of  Bilhah.  Gen. 

x\\.  ti.     2.  The  tn  from  him.     :{.  A  landmark 

■    of  Palestine.    Compare  Beersheba. 
irom  Dan  to  Beersheba,  from  end  to  end;'  throughout: 

i  >an  and  Beersheba  being  resi lively  the  extreme  northern 

and  BOUl  hern  cities  of  Pall 
Dan.,  ahbr.    Daniel,  Danish. 

Da'na,  1  d  'ii..;  2  da'na.  n.     1.  Charles  Anderson  (1819- 

an  American  editor,    Z.  James  Dwiglit  I  1M:{-1895), 

lerlcan  geologist,  explorer,  and  author.    :i.  Klchani 

Henry  i  1815—1882  .  an  American  lawyer  and  writer. 

Da'na-e,  1  de/na-I;2  dS'na-6,  r».   Gr.  Myth.  A  maiden  wooed 

IS  in  the  form  of  a  shower  of 
Da-na'l-des,  1  do-ne'i-dlz;  2  da-na'i-des.  «.  pi.     Myth.    The 
daugl  is;  for  murdering  their  husbands,  di 

In  Had. -c, hi  iniia'.Iy  to  lift  water  n.  I>  ill  "a- id  'e-an, 

n.    Dan'a-ld  ..      Dana-id.  of  Danaus. 

Dan'a-u-,  1  dan'l-us;  2  dan'a-us,  n.  <;:.  Myth.  The  father  of 
the  Dai  i  of  Arabia  and  \ 

dance,  1  dans;  2  danc,  v.  [danced1;  danc'inoJ  1. 1.  1. 
i  figures  of  (adance),  '!•  To  dan- 
dle. II.  I.  To  perform  the  figures  of,  or  participate 
in,  a  danc".  2.  To  leap,  quiver,  flit,  or  skip  lightly.  [  < 
OHG  "r  ilansOn.  drag  along.]  Syn.:  see  frisk;  leap.— 
(lanc'er.  n. 

(iance.  1.  A  series  of  rhythmic  concerted  movements 
arid  steps  timed  to  rnu.-ic  2.  A  dancing=party;  ball.  3. 
A  tune  to  dance  by. 

d.  &  wtf.,  abbr.    Dally  and  weekly  till  forbidden. 


1: 3  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  <rat;    ell;    lu  =  !eud;    <5hin;    go;    nosing;    Chin,   this.  dally 

213  2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   611,  bfiy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  dart 


dan'de-li"on,  1  dan'di-lai"an;  2  dan'de-lT'on,  n.    A  milky 
herb  with  a  large  yellow=flowered  head.    [  <  F.  dent  de 
lion,  lit.  "lion's  tooth.'] 
dan'der,  1  dan'dsr;  2  dan'der,  re.    1.  Dandruff.    2.  [Vulgar.] 
Anger.     [Cor.  of  dandrdff.]— to  get  one's  dander  up 
[Vulg.l,  to  become  angry. 
dan'dl(ep,  1  dan'dl;  2  dan'dl,  vt.     [dan'dl(e)dp;  dan'- 
dling.]     To  dance,  as  on  the  lap;  treat  like  an  infant; 
fondle;  caress.    [Of  LG.  origin.] — dau'dler,  n. 
dan'druff,  (1  dan'druf;  2  dan'drtif,  n.    A  fine  scurf  on 
dan 'drufp,  \  the  head.    [Etym.  uncertain.]    dan'drifft. 
dan'dy,  1  dan'di;  2  dan'dy.    I.  a.    Like  a  dandy.    II.  n. 
[dan'dies2,  pi.]    A  man  fastidious  in  dress  and  affected 
in  manner;  a  fop;  exquisite.    [Of  LG.  orig.] — dan'dy- 
Ish,  a.— dan'dy-ism,  re. 
Dane,  1  den;  2  dan,  re.    A  native  or  citizen  of  Denmark. — 
Great  Dane,  one  of  a  breed  of  large  close=haired  boar= 
hounds  from  Denmark.    See  dog. 
Dane'law",  1  den'lo";  2  dan'la",  re.    A  code  of  laws  established 
by  the  Danes  in  England;  also,  the  territory  ruled  under  it. 
Dane'laget;  Dane'laght. 
dan  'ger,  1  den'j  ar ;  2  dan'ger,  n.    1.  Exposure  to  chance  of 
evil,  injury,  or  loss;  peril;  risk.     2||.  Power;  control; 
ability  to  injure.     3t-  Damage;  harm.     [F.,    <  L.  do- 
minum,  lordship,   <  dominus,  lord.] 

Syn.:  hazard,  insecurity,  jeopardy,  peril,  risk.    Danger  is 
exposure  to  possible  evil;  peril  is  exposure  to  imminent  and 
sharply  threatening  evil.    Jeopardy  involves,  like  risk,  more 
of  the  element  of  chance  or  uncertainty;  a  man  tried  upon  a 
capital  charge  is  said  to  be  put  in  jeopardy  of  life.    Insecurity 
is  a  feeble  word,  but  exceedingly  broad,  applying  to  the  plac- 
ing of  a  dish,  or  the  possibilities  of  a  life,  a  fortune,  or  a  gov- 
ernment.    Compare   hazard. — Ant.:    defense,    immunity, 
protection,  safeguard,  safety,  security,  shelter. 
dan'ger-ous,  1  den'jar-us;  2  dan'ger-us,  a.     Attended 
with  danger;  hazardous;  perilous;  unsafe.     Syn.:  see  for- 
midable; serious. — dan'ger-ous-Iy,  adv. — dan'ger-ous- 
ness,  n. 
dan'gl(ep,  1  dan'gl;  2  dan'gl,  vt.  &  vi.     [dan'gl(e)dp; 
dan'gling.]    To  hang  or  swing  loosely;  be  an  attendant 
or  suitor:  with  before,  about,  after,  or  from.     [Dan.] — 
dan'gler,  n. 
Dan 'lei,  1  dan'yal;  2  dan'yel,  n.    Bib.  1.  One  of  the  greater 
Hebrew  prophets;  captive  in  Babylon.     2.  A  prophetical 
book  attributed  to  him. 
Dan'lsh,  1  den'isTi;  2  dan'ish.    I.  a.    Of  or  pertaining  to  Den- 
mark, the  Danes,  or  their  language.    II.  n.    The  language  of 
Denmark.     [<  AS.  Denlsc,   <  Dene,  Danes.] 
dank,  1  dank;  2  dank.     I.  a.    Damp  and  cold;  moist;  wet. 
II§.  re.    Chilly  humidity;  wetness;  water.    [  <  Sw.  dial. 
dank,  marshy  ground.]— dank 'ish,  a.— dank'lsh-ness,  n. 
dank'nessj. 
dan"seuse',  1  dah"suz';  2  dan"su§',  n.    A  female  profes- 
sional dancer;  ballet=girl.     [F.]  [er-mant. 
IDansk'er,  1  dansk'ar;  2_dansk'er,  n.    A  Dane.    Dansk'- 
Dan'te  Al"l-ghle'ri,  1  dan'te  (E.  dan'ti)  oTi-gye'ri;  2  dan'te 
(E.    dan'te)    al"i-gye'ri'.      An    Italian    poet    (1205-1321); 
Divina  Commcdia.    Du-ran'tef. 
Dan"ton',  1  dciiV'toTV;  2  dan'ton',  Georges  Jacques  (1759- 
1794).     French  revolutionary  leader;  instituted  Tribunal; 
guillotined. 
Dan'ube,  1  dan'yub;  2  dan'yub  (G.  Do'nau,  1  do'nau;  2 
do'nou),re.    A  European  river;  length,  2.000  m.  from  Baden, 
Germany,  to  the  Black  Sea. 
Dan'zlg,  1  ddn'tsiii;  2  dan'tslH,  re.    A  government  (3,069  sq. 
m.;  pop.  6661OOO)  in  West  Prussia  pro\  Inee;  also,  iis  capital 
city  (pop.  170.000).-  Guff  of  D.,  arm  of  the  Baltic  sea,  N. 
coast  of  Prussia.    Dant'zlcj;  Dant'zigt. 
Dapli'ne,  1  (liif'nr.  2  daf'ne,  «.     1.  Or.  Myth.     A  nymph, 
changed  into  a  laurel  while  fleeing  from  Apollo,    2.  A  genus 
of  shrubs  of  the  spurge>laurel  family,  with   mostly  ever- 
green leaves  and  fragrant  Mowers.     [L.,  <  Gr.  daphnl,  laurel 
or  baytree.] 
Daph'nis,  1  daf'nis;  2  daf'nis,  n.  Or.  Myth.  A  Sicilian  shep- 
herd; tin  reputed  inventor  of  bucolic  poetry. 
dap 'per,  1  dap'ar;  2  dap'er,  «.    Trim  and  pretty;  neat; 

natty;  also,  little  and  active.    |D  ,  braye.] 
dap 'ph. ,  1  dap'l;  2  dap'l.    I.  vt.    [dap'pled,  dap'ij>pj 
dap'l1',     jdap'pling.]    To  make  spotted.     II.  a.    Spot- 
ted; variegated,    dap'pled  j.    III.  n.    A  spot  or  dot,  as 
on  the  skin  of  a  horse;  an  animal  marked  with  spots. 
[<  Ice.  depltl,  spot. J 
D.  A.  R.,  abbr.     Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution. 
dar'bles,  1  dfir'biz;  2  diir'bis,  ».  pi.  [Slang,  Eng  1   Handcuffs. 
D'Ar'blay,  1  dar'bie  or  dafbie';  2  aar'blfi  or  dar"blft'.  Fran- 
ces {nee  Burney)  (1752-1840).    An  English  novelist. 
Dar'by  and  Joan,  1  drir'bi,  JOn;  2  dar'by,  JOn.    John  Darby 

(  -1730)  and  his  wife  .loan;  types  of  conjugal  felicity. 

Dar"da-nelles',  1  d&Vda-nelz';  2  d;ir"da-nels/.  n.  A  fortified 
strait  connecting  the  Sen.  (if  Marmora  with  the  .Kgean  sea' 
length.  40  m.;  shelled  by  I '.rit  ish  :iinl  I  ■Tench  warshlpr,  1914- 
15;  forced  by  British  submarines,  1915. 


Dar'da-nus,  1  dar'da-nus;  2  dar'da-ntis,  n.  Gr.  Myth.  The 
reputed  founder  of  the  city  of  Dardanus,  near  Troy,  and  an- 
cestor of  the  Trojans.— Dar-da'ni-an,  a.  Trojan.— Dar- 
da'ni-an,  n.    Dar'danf. 

dare,  1  dar;  2  dar,  v.  [durst  or  dared;  dar'ing]  I.  t. 
1.  To  be  bold  enough  (to  do  or  attempt);  venture.  2. 
To  challenge;  defy.  II.  i.  To  have  courage  enough; 
venture.  [<  AS.  dear,  1st  per.  pres.  ind.  of  durran, 
dare.] — dare'ful,  a.  Defiant;  full  of  daring. — dar'lng.  I. 
pa.  Possessing  courage;  bold;  brave;  venturesome;  also, 
audacious;  presuming.  Syn.:  see  bravf:.  II.  n.  Heroic 
courage;  bravery.  Syn.:  see  courage. — dar'ing-ly,  adv. — 
dar'ing-ness,  n. 

dare2t,  vt.  &  ti.    1.  To  daunt;  scare.    2.  To  be  in  fear. 

dare'dev"il,  1  dar'dev"l;  2  dar'dev"l.  I.  a.  Venturesome; 
reckless.  II.  n.  One  who  is  bold  to  recklessness. — 
dare'dev"il-try,  n. 

darg,  1  dclrg;  2  darg,  re.  [Scot.]  A  day's  labor;  toil.  [Contr.  of 
daywork.]    darguei. 

Da"ri-en',  1  de"n-en';  2  da"ri-en',  Gulf  of.  A  bight  of  the 
Caribbean  sea. — Darien,  Isthmus  of,  same  as  Panama. 
Isthmus  of. 

da'ri-ole,  1  da'n-ol;  2  da'ri-ol,  re.    A  cream«cake.    [F.l 

Da-ri'us,  1  da-rai'us;  2  da-ri'us,  n.  1.  D.  I.  (Hystaspes), 
king  of  ancient  Persia  (522-486  B.  C);  defeated  at  Mara- 
thon. 2.  D.  III.  (Codomannus)  (380?-330  B.  C),  the  last 
king  of  ancient  Persia;  defeated  by  Alexander  the  Great,  and 
murdered.  3.  D.  the  Mede,  successor  of  Belshazzar;  last 
king  of  Media;  conquered  by  Cyrus. 

dark.  1  dark;  2  dark.  I.  a.  1.  Lacking  light.  2.  Of  a 
deep  shade;  black,  or  approaching  black.  3.  Obscure; 
mysterious.  4.  Gloomy;  disheartening.  5.  Unenlight- 
ened. 6.  Atrocious;  dastardly.  7.  Of  brunette  com- 
plexion. 8.  Blind;  unknowing.  II.  n.  Lack  of  light; 
a  place,  position,  or  state  where  there  is  little  or  no  light; 
a  shadow.    [  <  AS.  deorc.] 

Syn.:  black,  dim,  dismal,  dusky,  gloomy,  murky,  myste- 
rious, obscure,  opaque,  sable,  shadowy,  shady,  somber, 
swart,  swarthy.  Strictly,  that  which  is  black  is  absolutely 
destitute  of  color;  that  which  is  dark  is  absolutely  destitute 
of  light.  In  common  speech,  however,  a  coat  is  black,  tho 
not  optically  colorless;  the  night  is  dark,  tho  the  stars  shine. 
That  is  obscure,  shadowy,  or  shady  from  which  the  light  is 
more  or  less  cut  off.  Dusky  Ls  applied  to  objects  which  ap- 
pear as  if  viewed  in  fading  light;  the  word  is  often  used,  as 
are  sicart  and  swarthy,  of  the  human  skin  when  quite  dark, 
or  even  verging  toward  black.  Dim  refers  to  imperfection  of 
outline,  from  distance,  darkness,  mist,  etc.,  or  from  some 
defect  of  vision.  Opaque  objects  are  impervious  to  light. 
Murky  is  said  of  that  which  is  at  once  dark,  obscure,  and 
gloomy;  as,  a  murky  den;  a  murky  sky.  Figuratively,  dark 
is  emblematic  of  sadness,  agreeing  with  somber,  dismal, 
gloomy,  also  of  moral  evil;  as,  a  dark  deed.  Of  intellectual 
matters,  dark  is  now  rarely  used  in  the  old  sense  of  a  dart 
saying,  etc.  See  mysterious;  obscure.— Ant.:  bright, 
brilliant,  clear,  crystalline,  dazzling,  gleaming,  glowing, 
illumined,  light,  lucid,  luminous,  radiant,  shining,  trans- 
parent, white.     Compare  synonyms  for  light. 

— dark  ages,  the  period  in  European  history  between  the 
fall  of  the  Western  Roman  Empire  (A.  D.  476)  and  the  Ital- 
ian Renaissance  (13th  century),  characterized  by  the  decay 
of  civilization. — dark'en,  vt.  A-  vi.  1.  To  make  or  grow  dark 
or  darker.  2.  To  deprive  of  vision,  literally  or  figuratively. 
3.  To  obscure.  4.  To  fill  with  gloom.— dark'ish,  n.  Some- 
what dark. — dark'llng.  I.  a.  Dim;  obscure  or  obscuring; 
blind;  gloomy.  II.  adv.  In  the  dark;  blindly;  uncertainly. 
— dark'ly,  adv.  1.  In  a  dark  manner.  2.  Obscurely;  m.\s- 
teriously.— dark'ness,  ».  Total  or  part  lal  absence  of  light; 
gloom;  physical,  mental,  or  moral  blindness;  want  of  clear- 
ness; obscurity;  secrecy,  dark 'some,  a.  [Poet.]  Dark. 
Syn.:  see  obscure. 

dar'kle,  1  dtir'kl;  2  diir'kl,  vl.  [dah'ki.iod;  DAR'KMNQ.]  1. 
To  appear  obscurely;  be  in  darkness.    2.  To  darken 

dark'y,  1  dfirk'i;  2  dark'y,  11.    [Colloq.]  A  negn>.    dark'eyf. 

dar'lint;,  1  dfir'hn;  2  darling.  I.  a.  Tenderly  beloved; 
very  dear,  II.  n.  Onetenderlj  beloved;  a  pet;  favorite. 
[<  as.  dcoriing,  <  deore,  dear.] 

Dar'llng,  Grace  (1815-1842).  An  English  heroine,  a  light- 
house=keeper's  daughter,  who  saved  nine  shipwrecked  per- 
sons. 

Darm'stadt,  ]  dflrm'shtat;  2  darm'shtat,  n.     \  oltj   (.pop. 

87,000)  Of  8.  W.  central   Germany,  capital  of   Hesse  and  of 

Starkenburg  province. 
darn,  1  d<irn;  2  darn.    I.  vt.    To  repair  a  hole  in  by  filling 

in   yarn   or   thread   with   a   needle.      II.    n.      A   place 

mended  by  darning.     [Of  W.  origin.] 
dar'nel,  1  dar'nel;  2  dar'ni'l,   >i .     A   grass;  rye-grass;  a 

noxious  weed.     [<  F.  dial,  durmll,   \ 
Darn'ley,   1   dnrn'li;  2  darn'ly.   l/inl    (1546    1587),     Henry 

Si  n.irt,  husband  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots;  murdered. 
dart'1,  1  dart;2dart,  v.    1. 1.    To  emit  swiftly  or  suddenly; 

ShOO!    out,    as    a   dart.       II.    /        To      1 darts;    move 

swiftly;  fly  like  a  dart.    Syn.:  sec  throw. 


I        ■  •  '  ..       ,u':,;l,u.,l,Orn; 

I     I  o;  1-6;  I-  .  .  i<>.  am,  Or,  won, 


•-•II 


•.'.  \ 


i 

.11    .  In  r    II  ~  1 1 

l    <  harlra  Bolx  r< 

I. 

Mir   »  lo-lsm,  iuUonary 

I  I  throw  Buddi 

•  ■■  r    by    throw  Lng, 

i  with  with. 

<  Illiterate 

I  .   put    a 

II.  l\i  ru-li  ur  mo\  •■  impct- 

il.i^h  - 

i  mi  t in-  (nun  ,.i  ;i  vehicle 

a    .    Up   I                                 .'.     \    spray, 
il  i>h   ■  r.  I.    i w  Ihi  or 

.  dash.  '!.  \  d 

.  short,  spirited 

nt ;  \  ii;< >r.     :t. 
I .  omfiture.    6. 

i,  ~4.    \  iiuriziin- 

.1  uation,  etc. 

\  tropical  plant  related 
itaple 

lUthern 

i      v.  -lnii.    Dial,  da 

■   Spir- 

•  iously 

ly.      da«h  'j  . .     il.i-irinic- 


I 
das'tard-1]    ,  n. 
[<   Ice. 

sILLANl- 

M 

ilil   . 

da  la.  :  d**ta;  2  da'ta.  n.  Plural  <' 
date,   ;  ■'■:   dat'- 

I .  as- 

sign a  date  t«.    II.  i.    To  have  or  take  a  certain  date 
a*  a  beginning;  bear  date:  with  from. 
date  .1.  fa  writing  which  tells  when,  or 

'.'.  The  time  of  Borne 
:   time;    duration: 
.  give.] 

il..»n    tu    date,    up    to   (1..  down    to 
the  preaeti* 

T  /  llljt     Of 

-■.■  ■■■      dan  .'.  Ithout 

1 .  • .  fleshy 
I 

.•  ti»i-    fruit. 

Iiilin  ictylus, 


da  il> 


da'tli 


dt'tiv,  n.     In  In- 

bjecttve. 
a.  —  da'- 


datltc    rasf: 

IU   •-! 
datum.  .  2  '1111,71.     [da'ta, 

]  fact ;  ii 
biefly  iii 

l>  i-i  ii   r:i,   . 

■ 
funnc-l« 

a  plant.]  '«'■ 
rliu..  c  » ilnjic d»w. 

daub,  .       '•.,.  r.    I.  t.    1.  To  linear  or  coat  with 

'!.  To  paint  badly. 

I.  T  II.  i.     1.  To  paint  rude  or 

[<  OF.  dauber,  <L  de, 

.  +  attnu,  white.)—  daub'er,  n.     1.  One  who  or 


Date. 

bcarlnff  Injlt;  I,, 

■ 


daubs;  one  who  paints  ooarae!)  oroheaplj      .'.  \ 

i.i  |ui i  iiiaeklim  mi  shoos:  a  dal >t<  I  flatterer. 

,i  mi,  .  r-i .  •.     I.  Daubing,   It.  Trlokary.   daub'rjt. 

il.ilili  'lng,   O, 

il.uiii.         i.    \    tlcky  application     '.'.   \  smear  or  spot, 

i.   v  .  painting.    Syn    see  bi  i  mi  in 

Km  ,i.(  -.   i  Uphonse  (1840  1897).     A 

irtarin  q/  raraiooft, 
daugh  i»-r.  l  do'ter;  L'  (h>'t&r,  n      I.   \  female  child  or 
■.*.  \n\  person  or  thing  in  a  relation  analo- 
i  ,  thai  ••!  a  femalo  child      I  •     as.  doktor,  <  V 
milk  ]    daagh'teri|n>law",  n.    The  wile  of  one's 
daugn  irr-i> .        Likes  daughter, 
il.iiini  .  i  donl  ■"  dent; 2  d&nl  or  dant,  vt.    Todishearti  d 
■  itiiiil.-iii-;  cow;  tame;  conquer.     |<    I.'"'  domito, 
fin,  of  domo.  tame.]     Syn.:  see  ABASH;   iiiii.imin 

dauntless,  a.     Fearless;  Intrepid,    Syn.:  see  bbavx, 
ii.iinii  ii-s-ij . ,         iiainii  less-ness. 
dauphin.  -  1  d  »'fin  ;  2  ila'iin,  n,    Theeldi    I    on  of  a  king 
(I. hi  -tiii  ,     f  of  Fi  ince:  in  abeyance    incc  1830    |l 
dolphh  Be  di  lphin,  o.]    dau'pnin-ess, 

n.   The  wife  of  a  dauphin,  dau'phlnei. 
i»aii"|iiii"iu'',  i  dO*0  u6';2d0  fi  QB',n.    Ananolenl  province 

in  s,  i  .  Pranoe, 
dour,  1  der;  2  dor,  vt.  [Scot.]  To  dare, 
dant,  u.    Borne  as  ii  \ n  c 
i>-  \i  'i-n;uii.  l  dav'i-nent;2  dftv'e-nant,  Sir  >Vllllam  (1606- 

1668).    An  i  nt; li.sh  pun  laureate. 
•  i.i \  'en-port,  1  dav'n-pOrt;  8  dav'n-pOrt,  n.    A  small  oma- 
mented  wrltlng^lesk.    I  <  Davt  nport  (the  maker).] 

I)a'\ld.  1  dCVld;  8  ila'ylil,  II.     1.  The  Bon  Of  JeSBC,  and  klni,'  of 

[sroel;  writer  ol  Psalms.  'J.  1).  I.  (1084-1168),  kin«  of  Scot- 
land from  1124.  3.  Saint  (  -601?),  patron  of  Wales. 
commemorated  March  1.  De'wl*. 
Da'rls,  1  ilr'vis;  ■>  dii'vls,  n.  1.  Jefferson  (lstis-iss'i),  un 
American  statesman,  President  of  the  Confederate  states. 
2.  John  (1660?  1606),  on  English  navigator.  3.  Klrhard 
Harding  (1864    1916),  vmerlcan  Journalist.  [Land. 

Davis's   strait.      A  strait  between  Greenland  and  iiamn« 
(lav 'it,  1  dav'it;  2  duv'it,  n.     A  small  crane  on  a  ship's 
aide  for  hoisting  boats  or  anchors.     [<  proper  name 

Da'vy,  1  dC'vi;  2  da'vy.  Sir  Humphry  (1778-1829).  An 
English  chemist;  Invented  a  miner's  safety-lamp,  —da'vy,  n. 
See  .Mit.Tv-i.AMi'. 

I)a'>\  Jones.  Ifaut.  A  humorous  name  for  the  spirit  of  the 
Davy  Jones's  locker,  the  bottom  of  the  ocean,  espe- 
cially as  the  grave  of  the  drowned. 

daw,  1  do;  2  da,  n.  1.  A  jackdaw.  2.  [Prov.  Eng.]  A 
ileton. 

daw 'die,  1  do'dl;  2  da'dl,  vt.  &  m.  [daw'dled;  daw'- 
pi.ini;  ]  To  waste  (time)  in  slow  trilling;  act  lazily; 
loiter;  trifle:  often  with  away.  Syn.:  see  linger.— daw'- 
dler,  n. 

dawn,  1  don;  2  dan.  I.  vi.  1.  To  begin  to  grow  light. 
'i.  To  begin  to  be  manifest,  expand,  or  give  promise. 
dawef.  II.  n.  1.  The  first  appearance  of  light,  in  the 
morning;  daybreak.  2.  An  awakening;  beginning  or 
unfolding.    [  <  AS.  dagian,  <  dxg,  day.] 

Daw 'son,  1  do'san;  2  da'son,  n.  1.  Sir  John  William 
( I  820-  I  899),  B  '  'anailian  geologist.  2.  A  city  in  the  Klon- 
dike region,  r  anaila;  pop.  3, noil. 

dawt,  1  dot;  2  dat,  vt.   [Scot.]  To  caress;  fondle,    danlt- 

day,  1  dS;  ~  da,  n.  1.  The  period  from  dawn  to  dark; 
hence,  daylight  or  sunlight.  day'time"t.  2.  The 
twenty  lour  hours  during  one  revolution  of  the  earth 
upon  its  axis;  also,  the  hours  appointed  for  labor,  or  the 
distance  journeyed  within  such  period.     3.  A  time  or 

Pod;  an  age.    4.  A  contest  or  battle,  or  its  result. 
<  AS.  dseg  (pi.  dagas).] — day'=book",  n.    Bookkeep- 
ing. The  book  In  which  transactions  are  recorded  in  the 
order  of  their  taking  place. —  day 'break",  n.     Hame  as 
pawn,    n.,     1. —  daydream,   n.       An    idle    exercise    of 
the  (amy  or  imagination;  a  reverie.     Syn.:  sec  dream. — 
•  lav    labor,  n.    Labor  hired  and  paid  for  by  the  day.— days 
laborer,  n.— day 'light",  n.     1.  The  light  received  from 
in,   in  distinction  from  moonlight,  artificial  light,  or 
iiarl.in-s;   the  light  of  day.    2.  Same  as  daytime,  n.— day '- 
long",.;.    Lasting  all  the  day.— day=nursery,  n.     A  place 
for   i In-  care  of  little   children  while  their  mothers  are  at 
work.— daynurse,   n.— day=school,  n.     1.  A   school  at 
which  the  pupils  do  not  board.    2.  A  school  held  by  day.— 
da]  'spring",  n.     [Poet.]     The  early  dawn.— day «8 tar,  n. 
1.  The  slur  of  morning  or  dawn;  hence,  an  emblem  of  hope. 
iel  I   The  sun.—  day'tlme",  n.    The  time  of  daylight ; 
k    ween  sunrise  and  sunset.— day  =  woman,  n.    A 
dairymaid, 
days'man  |,  1  dez'man;  2  das'man,  n.     [-men,  pl.\     1.  An 

arbitrator  or  umpire;  mediator.    2t.  A  daylaborer. 
Day 'ton,  1   de'tan;  2  da'ton,  n.     A  city   (pop.    117.000)   in 

S.  \V.  Ohio;  scene  of  disastrous  flood,  March  25,   1913. 
daze,  1  dez;  2  daz.     I.  vt.    [dazed;  daz'ing.]    To  stupefy 


1: a—  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lfl  =  iettd;    <5liin;    go;    rj  =  sini7;    thin,  this. 
215  2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   611,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this. 


dart 
deal 


The 


or  bewilder,  as  by  a  glare  of  light  or  a  shock.  II.  n. 
state  of  being  dazed. 
daz'zle,  )1  daz'l;  2  daz'l,  ».  [daz'zled,  daz'ldp;  daz'- 
daz'F,  $zling.]  I.  t.  1.  To  blind  momentarily  by 
excess  of  light.  2.  To  bewilder  or  charm,  as  with  bril- 
liant prospects.  II.  i.  To  be  blindingly  bright;  be 
blinded  by  light;  excite  admiration  by  display.     [Freq. 

Of  DAZE.] 

D.  B.,  abbr.  Domesday  Book.— d.  b.,  abbr.  Day=book.— 
dbk.,  abbr.  Drawback.— D.  C,  abbr.  Da  capo  (L.,  from 
the  beginning).  Deputy  Consul,  District  Court,  District  of 
Columbia. — D.  C.  L.,  abbr.  Doctor  of  Civil  Law. — D.  D., 
abbr.  Doctor  of  Divinity. — d.  d.,  abbr.  Days  after  date, 
days'  date. — D.  D.  S.,  abbr.    Doctor  of  Dental  Surgery. 

de1,  1  do;  2  de,  prep.  Of :  in  phrases  or  proper  names.  [F.] 
— de2,  prep.  From;  of:  used  in  Latin  phrases.  [L.] — de-, 
prefix.  From;  down;  out:  used  with  privative,  intensive,  or 
completive  force.  In  some  words  it  is  equivalent  to  dis-. 
[  <  F.  de-,  de-,  <  L.  de-,  de,  from  ( <  F.  de) ;  and  see  dis-.J 

Dea.,  abbr.    Deacon. 

dea 'con,  1  di'kn;  2  de'en,  n.  Eccl.  A  church  officer  or 
subordinate  minister.  [<  Gr.  diakonos,  servant.]  — 
dea 'con-ess,  re.  A  woman  appointed  to  assist  in  the  work 
of  the  church. — dea'con-ry,  dea'con-ship,  re.  The  office, 
rank,  duty,  or  term  of  service  of  a  deacon  or  deaconess. 

dead,  )  1  ded;  2  dfd.    I.  a.    1.  Having  ceased  to  live;  de- 

ded8,  )  void  of  life;  lifeless.  2.  In  a  state  or  condition  re- 
sembling death.  (1)  Temporarily  disabled;  insensible; 
numb;  motionless.  (2)  Inanimate;  inorganic.  3.  Com- 
plete; utter;  absolute.  4.  Unfailing;  certain;  sure;  com- 
plete or  perfect.  5.  Not  productively  employed;  also, 
dull  or  slow;  as,  dead  capital.  6.  Without  break  or  vari- 
ation; fiat;  unvaried;  as,  a  dead  wall.  7.  Dull;  luster- 
less;  unburnished.  8.  Without  elasticity;  non=resonant; 
as,  a  dead  floor.    9.  Destitute  of  religious  spirit  and  life. 

10.  Deprived  of  civil  life,  as  a  life-prisoner.  11.  Not 
fresh  or  invigorating;  lifeless.  12.  Not  to  be  counted; 
as,  a  dead  ball.  13.  Giving  no  light;  incapable  of  being 
opened;  as,  a  dead  window.  14.  Mech.  Not  imparting 
motion;  spent.  15.  Elec.  Not  transmitting  current. 
16.  Bringing  death;  deadly.  17.  Past  the  active  point 
of  ferment.  18.  Print.  Not  required  for  further  use,  as 
composed  type,  etc. 

Syn.:  deceased,  defunct,  departed,  inanimate,  lifeless.  See 
lifeless.  —  Ant.:  alive,  animate,  living. 

11.  re.  1.  The  most  lifeless  period;  as,  the  dead  of  night. 
2.  Dead  persons  collectively:  with  the  definite  article. 
III.  adv.  1.  [Colloq.]  To  the  last  degree;  wholly;  ab- 
solutely; as,  dead  ripe.  2.  Naut.  Exactly;  as,  the  wreck 
was  dead  ahead.     [<  AS.  dead,  =  Goth,  dauths,  dead.] 

— dead'sbeat".  I.  a.  1.  Beating  without  recoil,  as  a 
watch-escapement.  2.  Coming  to  rest  without  oscillation. 
II.  re.  A  movement  without  recoil;  a  dead-beat  escape- 
ment.— ueads  heat  [SlangJ,  n.  One  who  livee  without  money 
by  shifts  and  tricks;  a  sponge.  Called  also  beat. — d. shorn, 
a.  Still-born. — d.scenter,  re.  That  position  of  a  crank  or 
crank-motion  in  which  the  crank-axle,  crank-pin,  and  con- 
necting-rod are  all  in  a  straight  line;  the  point  where  a  con- 
necting-rod has  no  power  to  turn  a  crank.  It  occurs  at 
each  end  of  the  stroke,  d.  point  ;. — dead 'en,  n.  1.  To 
diminish  the  force,  speed,  or  intensity  of;  blunt.  2.  To 
lessen  or  impede  the  velocity  of;  retard.  3.  To  render  non- 
conductive  of  sound,  as  a  wall  or  floor.  4.  To  make  dull  or 
less  brilliant  In  color.  5.  To  make  Hat  or  vapid,  as  wine  or 
beer.  6.  [Western  U.  S.|  To  girdle,  as  trees. — dead'en-er, 
n. — dead 'en-lug,  re.  dead 'eye",  re.  Naut.  A  sheave- 
less  block  having  scores  to  re- 
ceive the  lanyard:  used  to  set 
up  rigging.  — dead  Tall",    re. 

1.  Atrap  operated  by  a 
weight  that,  when  its  support 
Is    removed,  falls    upon     and 

kills  or  holds  an  animal.  2.  Fallen  trees  and  rubbish 
matted  together,  -d.'hand,  re.  Same  as  moktmain. — 
dead 'head"11,  v.  I.  I.  To  pass  or  carry  free,  :in  on  a  steam- 
er, train,  etc.  II.  i.  To  travel  or  obtain  entertainment, 
service,  etc.,  without,  payment,  dead 'head",  re.  1.  |l'.  B.j 
One  who  receives  gratis  any  service  or  accommodation  for 
which  the  general  public  is  expected  to  pay.  2.  Naut.  A 
wooden  buoy. — d.  heat,  a  race  In  Which  two  or  more  com- 
petitors come  out  even  and  there  is  no  winner,  d.  lan- 
guage, a  language  no  longer  in  use.  unless  as  a  classic. — d. 
letter.  1.  A  letter  which,  after  lying  undelivered  for  a  cer- 
tain length  of  time,  has  been  sent   to  tlie  dead-letter  office. 

2.  Something,  as  a  law,  I  hat  exists  In  verbal  form,  hut  Is  not, 
enforced  or  active.  — d.sletter  office,  the  department  In  the 
general  post -oft]  ee  where  Unclaimed  letters  are  examined  and 
returned  to  their  writers  or  destroyed,  d.  lift,  a  lift  made 
without  help,  leverage,  pulleys,  etc  ,  hence,  an  effort  under 
thanklcs8and  discouraging  conditions  -dead 'light",  n.  1. 
Naut.  A  strong  shutter,  usually  of  iron,  to  protect  a  cabin 


window  or  port-hole  in  stormy  weather.  2.  [Scot.)  A  will* 
o'»the-wisp;  also,  a  corpse-light.— d.sllne,  re.  A  bounding* 
line,  as  within  the  limits  of  a  military  prison,  the  crossing  of 
which  by  a  prisoner  incurs  the  penalty  of  being  fired  upon 
by  the  guard. — d. slock,  re.  1.  A  lock  worked  from  the  out- 
side by  a  key  and  from  the  inside  by  a  handle  or  the  like.  2. 
A  lock  in  which  the  bolt  has  to  be  turned  in  each  direction 
by  a  key:  opposed  to  sprini/'lock. — dead 'lock",  re.  A  block 
or  stoppage  of  business,  as  in  a  legislative  or  other  body, 
caused  by  the  refusal  of  opposing  parties  to  cooperate. — 
dead'ly,  a.  1.  Liable  or  certain  to  cause  death;  fatal.  2. 
Aiming  or  tending  to  kill;  mortal;  implacable.  3.  Resem- 
bling death;  deathly.  Syn.:  see  noisome;  pernicious.— 
dead'U-ly,  adv.— dead'li-ness,  re.— dead'ly,  adv.— d.» 
march,  re.  A  piece  of  solemn  music  played  at  a  funeral,  es- 
pecially a  military  one;  music  written  for  a  funeral  proces- 
sion.— dead'ness.re. — d.spolnt,re.  Same  as  dead-center. 
— d.sreckonlng,  re.  The  computation  of  a  vessel's  place  at 
sea  by  log  and  compass,  without  astronomical  observations. 
— d.swater,  re.  The  water  that  eddies  about  the  stern  of  a 
moving  vessel. — d.swelght,  re.  1.  A  burden  borne  without 
aid;  an  oppressive  weight  or  load.  2.  In  shipping,  freight 
charged  for  by  weight  instead  of  by  bulk.  3.  In  railway 
transportation,  weight  of  rolling-stock  as  distinguished  from 
its  load,  which  is  called  the  live'WeigM. 
Dead  Sea.    A  salt  lake  in  Palestine,  41  by  8  m.;  1,312  ft.  below 

Mediterranean  sea. 
deaf,  1 1  def ;  2  d6f,  a.    1.  Lacking  or  deficient  in  the  sense 
def8,  )  of  hearing.    2.  Determined  not  to  hear  or  be  per- 
suaded.    [<   AS.  deaf,  orig.  dull;  cp.   dumb.] — deaf* 
and  dumb  alphabet,  a  series  of  manual  signs  or  gestures 


rv       «?"  W     V    X     K    Y       ^Z 

One-hand  Deaf-and-dumb  Alphabet. 

for  the  purpose  of  communicating  Ideas:  used  as  a  substitute 
f,.r  vocal  speeeli  by  and  In  conversation  With  deaf-mute-.-. 
deafen,  rt.     1.  To  make  deaf;  confuse  or  stun,  as  with 
noise.   '£.  To  deaden.  Compare  deaden,  rt.,  K.     deafly,  adv. 

deaf  •mute",  •>.    A  congenltally  deaf-and-dumb  person; 

especially,  one  dumb  because  of  deafness,     deafness,  re. 

deal,  1  dil;  2  del,  j).  [dealt,  dew8;  dhax/lnq.]  [.  t.  I. 
To  distribute;  apportion.    2.  To  deliver;  inflict,  as  a 

blow.  II.  »'.  1.  TO  have  dealings;  do  business;  trade 
with  a  person,  in  an  article.  2.  To  conduct  oneself;  be- 
have; also,  tO  manage,  3.  To  act  as  dealer  ..I  cards.  4||. 
TO  inflict  a  beating.  I  <  AS.  il.rhni.  ■  <l:rl.  share.  |  Syn.:  s.-h 
APPORTION,     deafer,  re.     1.  One  who  deals  in  any  sense;  a 

trailer,  t.  The  player  who  distributes  i lie  cards,  d ear- 
ing, re.  The  act  of  one  Who  deals;  any  transaction  with 
others.      Syn.:  see  rNTBECOUBBB. 

deal1,  re.  1.  A  quantity,  degree,  or  extenl  '!•  A  distribu- 
tion of  cards;  a  single  round.  3.  [U.  8.]  A  secret  bar- 
gain. 


i         i       .i  0      ot.flr;  fall,  rflle;  bvt,  bOra; 

>      i  .     i  .  ;   I  —  0;  I-  o;go,  ni»i,  «n,  uon,      210 


I 


ill  .in  'ship, 

i. 


.- 
I 


.1.    it 
il.  itll 

I 

>|.    till 


1.1 

1 1     I  Ml     I  I      . 

I 

1  ■  I  physical  life. 

destruction.  :J. 

occasion 

i 

■   I  eternal  ruin.    6.  A 
; .  type,  it  r.  ; 

v    Slaughter; 

lIl'Hlll  '« 

the  mortal  llh 
il.   blow,         A  fatal  blow  i«r 
■  i    ■  1 1 1 • .  ■.  ;« n « l  very  polsono 

Hi      i-tir"l<-   . 
ip,  -  mes  preceding  death, 

ii  ful.         I  murderous;  full  (if 

St.  <  'rud:  painful;  sgoi 
iiii-iii".        ■  i  <  -i  r  1 1  i  ■ — .        \i>t  liable  to  die;  un- 

iri<»»-i>.  iii.iili  ii — ness,        deathly,  a. 

death'}    ; 

ttASTLY.-    tloa  til  'II- 

io--.        ii<  it  ii  i   .  the  dead 

.1.   rate,  ol  deaths  to  the  POD" 

death's'  head",        A  human  skull  as  a 
death's  bead   moth,  a  very  large  old  world 

.th's-head  on  the  u  i>- 
d.  sign,      Mid.  An  Indii 

occurred  In  a  human 
deaths  'man,  n.  The  hang- 
Baa      il.  i'-t.  method   used   to  ascertain  if 
occurred  in  a  human  body, 
ii.'tull,  n.   A  knell,    d. •warrant, 
l .  Eecutlon  of  a  person. 

'ruction  or   puts  an  end  I 
i  with  the  dying  or  with  the 

•  r  a  condemned  man 
death 'natch",  n.     An  Insect   that 

ing  noise,  thought  by 

•  !  I.t.    To  deafen  or 
II.  ,.    To  bee-one 

•*r.    Debet,- 

I.   \  violent  flood,  carry- 
ing debris.    2.  A  stamped',  rout;  downfall.    [F.] 

To  bar  or  shut  out :  pro- 
ith/rowi;  sol 

de-bar'ment,rt. 
ile-bar 'ranee:. 
■  I ,  - 1 ■  i r  1-.    .  I.        i  ipon  the 

II-  re.    Corn- 

par-  de  "li.irk-.i'lioii. 

i  ,  free  from  em- 

1 1  k-bas'- 
purity,  or  value;  depre- 
E,  a.] 
8j':.  i :  impair. 

d»-ii.i-i   on  ni.        de-boa 'er, n. 

d.-l,  ii.   ',  I.  '[,,  -BAT/)EDd; 

I-  tively;  argue; 

fight  or  con- 
II.  I 

'.'  .    i    inabal ; 
a 

■  ii-h.it  '.i-hi  i-i,  a     de-bat'er,  ?,. 
de-baucb',  1  di-both';  2  de-bach'.    I*,  xt.  &  ri.    1.  To 


lie.     Ie»  dl  ./o(,      < 

de-bauah'1 :  de-bosn  't. 


corrupt  in  morals;  lead  astray;  make 

'.  i  i  vitiate;  pei  > <  ■  i    II- 

i .  -I  ol  debaui  bery;  a  carou 

inpei  nnce;  lew  dne  -  ■     (  •     I 

deir  .in-line'.  I  iieii'o  (hi'; 

i. .  .ii  unken.orlewd; 

de-baucb  'er.  n  One  who  debauches;  a  sedue- 

de-baucb  'er-j .  I.    Llci  atlousness; 

drunkenness      '.*.  Seduction  from  \  Irtue,  purltj .  or  Ddolll  \ . 

,i. -in  ii  lure,   L  di-bcn'chur  or -tlur;  2  de-ben'chur  or  tur,  n, 

I.  \n  acknowlodgmenl  of  debt,  making  specula  provision 

.'.   \  ou8tom*houso  certificate  providing  for 
:t.    i  government  payorder.    I-    L.  debentur, 
are  owing.] 
de-luli-latc.   1   di-l.il'i-tet;  2  .le-lill'i-lat .   ,/.     |-i.\i"i  n-'; 

loii  ike  feeble  or  languid;  weaken.    |  <  L. 

ili-liH'l-taiif.  a    An       ile-bll"l-ta'lloii. 

de-lill   l-ta-ll\    e-.i.e      lle-liH'l-l>  ,  n.    Almoniial  ueak- 

oguor;  feebleness. 
deb 'It,   [   deb'it;  2  dl  b'il      1 '.  ■'      I.  To  •  nter  on  the 
debtor  side  ol  an  account.    "J.  To  charge,  as  with  debt. 

II.  n,    The  debit  side  ol  an  ai unt .  a  aebt  oi  di 

corded;  something  owed.    [<  L.debilum,  <  debeo,  owe; 

(Ieli"o-iiair',  1  deb'o-n&r';  2  deVo-nar',  n.  Gentle  or 
courteous;  affable;  complaisant.  (  <  V.  dibonnaire,  < 
iii -.of.   •  (ion, good,  •  air, mien.]   'ly, adv.   -ness, 

Deb'o-rah,  l  deb'o-re;  2  deb'o-ra,  n     B        \  prophet 
Judge,  who  led  Israel  to  victor]  over  Slsera  about  128SB.  C. 
lv,  i. 

de-bosh 't i  -'    Todebauch.    de-bosh'mentt, n. 

de-boach",  1  di-bflsTa';  2  de-buch',  ri.    To  emergi 
sue :  pass  out.    [<  F.  de-,  of,  fri  outh.l — 

ile-hoiieh'inenl,  n.  de"liou''eliure',  n.  The  opening 
OUt  of  a  valley.  Stream,  or  the  like. 

dc"l>ris',  )1  de"hri';  2  de"liri',  n.     Accumulated  frag- 

deb"ris',  J  ments;  ruins;  rubbish.    [F.] 
Syn.:  see  waste. 

debt,  i  Ldet;  2 d6t,  n,    1.  Thai  which  one  owes;  an  obliga- 

dei  .  .  th  bate  of  being  indebted,  2§.  A.sm;tres- 
[<  F.  dette,  <  L.  debitv  .  pp.  ol  debeo,  owe.] — 
debt'ed  ,  a.  Indebted,  debt 'or,  n.  1.  One  who  Is  In 
debt;  one  who  is  under  obligation  to  another,  as  for  money 
or  goods,  or  for  service,  benefit,  or  help.  '£.  Booth 
The  left  band  or  del  It  side  ol  an  account. 

De-bus"sy\  1  do-busi':  2  de-l.ii  '-y',  Claude  Aelillle  (1862- 
).     A  French  composer;  L' Enfant  1'rodigue. 

(••■"IiiiC,  1  ilo'liu': :.'  de  "ho',  n.  A  first  appearance,  as  in 
society  or  on  the  stage;  firsl  attempt.    [F] — dc"bu"- 

tant',  1  (le'lju'lun'  ur  deli  "\  u-tunt'.  2  de  "ln'i"l:'in'  or  deb"- 
yu-tiint'.  n.  One  who  make-  a  debut.  de"l)U"taiitc\  1 
de,"lju"tuht'  or  deh"yu-tdnt';  2  de"bu"taht'  or  deb"yu-tiint', 
n.    Aglrlorwoman  who  makes  a  debut. 

Dec,  abbr.  December.— dec.,  066:  Deceased,  declaration. 
decorative,  decrease.— dec,  decl.,  abbr.  Declension,  decli- 
nation, [form. 

dee 'a-,  1  dek'e-;  2  dec'a-.  From  Greek  deka,  ten:  a  combining 

dec'ade,  1  dek'ed;  2  duc'ad,  n.  1.  A  period  of  ten  years. 
'i.  i.  group  or  set  of  ten.  [<  Gr.  deka(d-)s,  <  deka,  ten.] 
dec 'ad;. 

dc-ca'dence,  1  di-kf-'dens;  2  de-ca'd8nc,  n.    A  process  of 

rioration;  decline;  decay.    [<  F.  decadence,  <  ~L.de, 

i,  +  cado,  fall.]    de-ca'den-cyj. — de-ca'dent.    I.  a. 

Falling  into  ruin  or  decay.     II.  n.     1.  One  who  has  fallen 

from  a  high  social  position.    2.  One  In  a  state  or  process  of 

mental  or  moral  decay;  a  decadent  person,    ly,  adv. 

dec-ag.,  nli'ir.    Decagram. 

dec'a-gon,  1  dek'a-gen;  2  dec'a-gon,  n.  A  figure  with  ten 
sides  and  ten  angles.  [<  or.  iiti.u.  ten,  -I-  gOnia,  angle  I 
ile-eag'o-nal.a.  -Iy.adr. — dec'a-gram,  n.  A  weight  Of  10 
cram-.  See  METRIC  SYSTEM.  [—  GBAM.]  dec'a-KramnieJ. 
— dee"a-he'dron,  n.  A  solid  bounded  by  ten  plane  faces. 
hedra,  seat.]— dec"a-he'dral,  a. 

decal.,  abbr.    Decaliter. 

de-eal"eo-ma'nl-a,  1  di-karko-me'ni-a:  2  de-carco-ma'nl-a, 
n.  1.  A  process  of  transferring  prints  from  paper  to  glass, 
porcelain,  etc.  '£.  such  a  prim  when  ready  to  be  transferred. 
:j.  The  decoration  of  glassware  by  gumming  pictures  upon 
it.  [<  F.  decalcomanle,  <  de  (<  L.  dc),  down,  +  calquer, 
trace  (  •     I,,  colco,  trample),  -f-  Gr.  mania,  madness.] 

dee'a-ll"ler,  /  1  dek'o-irtar;  2  dei  'a-li'ter,  n.    A  measure  of 

dee ',i-ll"tre,  >  capacity  of  10  liters.  See  METRIC  SYSTEM, 
under  metric.  [<  F.  decalitre,  <  Gr.  deka,  ten;  and  see  LITER.] 

dec'a-log,      )  1  dek'a-leg;  2  d8e'a-18g,  n.    The  ten  com- 

dec'a-loguv,  }  mandments;  the  moral  law.  [<  Gr.  deka- 
logos,  <  deka,  ten,  +  logos,  word.] 

decani.,  abbr.    Decameter. 

dee'a-me"ler,  /  1  dek'.i-mrtsr;  2  dec'a-me"l er,  n.    1.  A  mea- 

<lee'a-me"tre,  )  sure  of  length  of  10  meter-.  See  METRIC 
system,  under  METRIC,  Z.  Verse  consisting  of  ten  rhythmi- 
cal feet.  [  <  F.  decametre.  <  Or  deka,  ten,  +  melron,  measure.] 


1:8  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  owt;    ell;    IQ  =  fewd;    diin;    go;    rj  =  sin0;    fhin,   this.  deal 

217       2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,  burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.      deciliter 


de-camp",  1  di-kamp';  2  de-camp',  vi.  1.  To  break 
camp;  march  away.  2.  To  leave  suddenly  or  secretly; 
run  away.    Syn.:  see  escape.— de-eamp'ment,  re. 

dec'a-nal,  1  dek'a-nal;  2  deVa-nal,  o.  Of  or  pertaining 
to  a  dean  or  deanery.    [  <  LL.  decanus;  see  dean.] 

de-can 'drous,  1  di-kan'drus;  2  de-can'drus,  a.  Bot.  Having 
ten  stamens.    [  <  Gr.  deka,  ten,  +  aner,  man.] 

de-cant 'd,  1  di-kant';  2  de-cant',  vt.  To  pour  off  gently. 
[<  F.  decanter,  <  de-,  from.  +  OF.  cant,  edge.] — de"can- 
ta'tion,  n. — de-cant'er,  n.  An  ornamental  bottle  for 
wine,  water,  etc. 

de-cap 'i-tate,  1  di-kap't-tet;  2  de-cap'i-tat,  vt.  [-tat"- 
EDd;  -tat"ing.1  To  behead.  [<  L.LI"  de,  off, -{-caput, 
head.]— de-cap''l-ta'tion,  n. 

dec'a-pod,  1  dek'a-ped;  2  dec'a-pOd.  I.  a.  Ten=footed  or 
temarmed;  of  or  pertaining  to  the  Dccapoda,  a  division  of 
crustaceans  with  five  pairs  of  legs,  including  the  crabs,  lob- 
sters, etc.  II.  n.  A  temfooted  crustacean,  or  temarmed 
cephalopod.  [<  Gr.  dekapous,  <  deka,  ten,  +  pous,  foot.] 
dec'a-podej. — de-cap'o-dal,  de-cap 'o-dous,  a. — deca- 
pod'i-form,  a.    Lobster-like.    [+ -form.] 

de-ear 'bon-ate,  1  di-kur'ban-et ;  2  de-ear'bon-St,  vt.  [-at*- 
EDd;  -at"ing.]    To  free  from  carbon  dioxid. 

de-car 'bu-rize,  1  dl-kdr'biu-raiz;  2  de-car'bu-riz,  vt.  [-rized; 
-riz"ing.]  To  deprive  wholly  or  in  part  of  carbon,  de-car'- 
bon-lzet;  de-car'bu-rlsef.— de-car"bu-ri-za'[or  -sa'J- 
tlon,  re.     de-car"bon-i-za'tIont. 

dec'a-stere,  1  dek'a-stlr;  2  dec'a-ster,  re.  Ten  cubic  meters. 
See  metric  system,  under  metric,  dec'a-sterj;  dek'a- 
steret. 

dec'a-syl"la-ble,  1  dek'a-sil"a-bl;  2  deVa-syl"a-bl,  n.  A  line 
of  ten  syllables.  [<  Gr.  deka,  ten,  +  syllable.] — dec"a- 
syl-lab'lc,  a. 

dec-ath'lon.  1  dek-ath'le-n;  2  dec-ath'lon,  n.  An  athletic  con- 
test consisting  of  ten  different  events  in  which  each  contes- 
tant participates. 

De-ca'tur,  1  di-ke'tur;  2  de-ca'tur,  Stephen,  Jr.  (1779- 
1820).  American  commodore;  led  expedition  against  Algiers 
(1815),  resulting  in  freedom  of  United  States  from  exactions 
by  Mediterranean  pirates. 

de-cay',  1  di-ke';  2  de-ca',  v.  I.  t.  To  affect  by  decay; 
impair;  rot.  II.  i.  To  suffer  decay;  deteriorate;  de- 
cline; become  rotten.  [<  L.OP  decido,  fail,  <  de,  down, 
+  cado,  fall.] 

Syn.:  corrupt,  decompose,  molder,  putrefy,  rot,  spoil.  Rot 
is  a  strong  word,  ordinarily  esteemed  coarse,  but  on  occa- 
sion capable  of  approved  emphatic  use;  as,  "the  name  of  the 
wicked  shall  rot,"  Ptov.  x,  7.;  decay  and  decompose  are  now 
common  euphemisms.  A  substance  is  decomposed  when  re- 
solved into  its  original  elements  by  any  process;  it  Is  decayed 
when  resolved  into  its  original  elements  by  natural  proc- 
esses; it  decays  gradually,  but  may  be  instantly  decomposed, 
as  water  into  oxygen  and  hydrogen;  to  say  that  a  thing  is 
decayed  may  denote  only  a  partial  result,  but  to  say  it  is 
decomposed  ordinarily  implies  that  the  change  is  complete  or 
nearly  so.  Putrefy  and  the  adjectives  putrid  and  putrescent, 
and  the  nouns  putridity  and  putrescence,  are  used  almost  ex- 
clusively of  animal  matter  in  a  state  of  decomposition,  the 
more  general  word  decay  being  used  of  either  animal  or  vege- 
table substances.  Decay  may  also  be  extended  to  any  proc- 
ess of  decline  or  breaking  down,  physical,  mental,  social,  etc. 
See  PUTREFY. 

— de-cay'a-bl(ep,  a.— de-cayed'ness,  n.— dc-cay'cr§, 

n.    That  which  causes  decay. 

de-cay',  n.  A  passing  into  a  feeble  or  reduced  condition 
tending  toward  dissolution;  a  gradual  decline;  deteriora- 
tion; decomposition;  corruption;  rottenness.  Syn.:  see  ruin. 

Dec 'can,  re.    Same  as  Dekkan. 

de-cease',  1  di-sls';  2  de-c.es'.  I.  vi.  [de-ceased'1;  de- 
ceasing.]  To  depart  from  this  life;  die.  II.  n.  De- 
parture from  this  life;  death.  [  <  L.  ejecessus,  <  de-  (see 
de-)  +  cedo,  go.] — dc-ceased ',  pa.  Dead.  Syn.:  see  life- 
less. 

de-ce'dent,  1  di-si'dent;  2  de-ce'dent,  n.    A  person  deceased. 

de-celt',  1  di-sit';  2  de-cet',  n.  The  act  of  deceiving;  de- 
ception; fraud;  dooeptiveiiess;  trick.       |<   L.1''  deeeptus, 

pp.  of  declpio,  deceive.]  Syn.:  see  deception;  fraud;  lie. 
— de-celt 'ful,«.  characterized  by  deception;  false;  tricky; 
fraudulent.  Syn.:  see  bad:  decepttvb;  insidious;  perfid- 
ious; rotten;  vain.— de-celt'ful-ly,  adv.  de-cclt'ful- 
ness,  re. 
de-ceive',  j  1  di-slv';  2  de-cSv',  vt.  [de-ceived',  de- 
de-ceiv"',  ^  f'EivD"*;  ue-ckiv'im;.]  To  mislead  by  or  as 
by  falsehood;  impose  upon;  delude.  |  <  F.  decevuir,  < 
L.  declpio;  sec;  deceit.) 

Syn.:  beguile,  betray,  cheat,  circumvent,  defraud,  delude, 
dupe,   ensnare,   entrap.   Impose    upon,    mislead,    overreach, 

outwit,  take  in,  trick.    See  mislead.    Compare  deception 
de-eelv'a-bKee, ,;.    i.  Capable  or  being  deceived;  lia- 
ble to  imposition.    %\.  Producing  deception,    de-celv'a- 
bl(e-ncs.si",  »,-   de-celv'a-bly,  adv. — dc-cclv'er,  n.    One 

who  deceives.    Syn.:  see  hypocrite. 


De-cein'ber,  1  di-sem'bar;  2  de-cSm'ber,  n.  The  twelfth 
month  of  the  year,  having  31  days.    [L.] 

de-cem'vir,  1  di-sem'var;  2  de-cem'vir,  re.  [-virsz,  -vi-ri,  1 
-vi-rai;  2  -vi-ri,  pi.]  A  member  of  any  body  of  ten  magis- 
trates; specifically,  one  commissioned  (451  B.  C.)  to  codify 
the  laws  of  Rome.    [L.,  <  decent,  ten,  +  !*,  man.' 

— de-cem'vl-ral,  a.  Pertaining  to  decemvirs. — de- 
cern'vi-rate,  re.  1.  A  body  of  ten  men  in  authority.  2. 
The  office,  or  term  of  office,  of  such  a  body. 

de'een-cy,  1  di'sen-si;  2  de'een-cy,  n.  [-ciesz,  pi.]  1. 
Propriety  in  conduct,  speech,  or  dress;  modesty.  2. 
That  which  is  decent. 

de-cen'ni-al,  1  di-sen'i-al;  2  de-c,6n'i-al,  o.  Continuing 
for  ten  years;  occurring  every  ten  years.  [<  L.  decern, 
ten,  +  annus,  year.]  -ly,  adv. — de-cen'na-ry,  a.  Con- 
sisting of  or  pertaining  to  ten;  pertaining  to  ten  years  or  to  a 
tithing. 

de'eent,  1  di'sent;  2  de'eent,  a.  1.  Characterized  by  pro- 
priety of  conduct,  speech,  manners,  or  dress;  proper; 
decorous;  respectable.  2.  Free  from  indelicacy;  modest; 
chaste.  3.  Sufficient;  passable;  moderate.  4||.  Good" 
looking;  symmetrical;  comely.  [<  L.  decen(t-)s,  ppr.  of 
decei,  it  becomes.]  Syn.:  see  becoming;  modest. — de'eent- 
ly,  adv.—  de'eent-ness,  re. 

dc-cen'tral-lze,  1  di-sen'tral-aiz;  2  de-cen'tral-Iz,  vt.  [-ized; 
-iz"ing.]  To  remove  from  a  center;  distribute. — de-cen"- 
tral-i-za'tion,  n. 

de-cep'tion,  1  di-sep'sTian;  2  de-c5p'shon,  n.  1.  The  act 
of  deceiving;  deceit;  the  state  of  being  deceived.  2. 
Anything  that  deceives;  a  delusion. 

Syn.:  craft,  cunning,  deceit,  deceitfulness,  delusion,  dissim- 
ulation, double=dealing,  duplicity,  fabrication,  falsehood,  fi- 
nesse, fraud,  guile,  hypocrisy,  imposition,  lie,  lying,  prevari- 
cation, trickery,  untruth.  Deceit  is  especially  applied  to  the 
habit,  deception  to  the  act ;  guile  applies  to  the  disposition  out 
of  which  deceit  and  deception  grow,  and  also  to  their  actual 
practise.  A  lie,  lying,  or  falsehood,  is  the  uttering  of  what 
one  knows  to  be  false  with  intent  to  deceive.  The  novel  or 
drama  Is  not  a  lie,  because  not  meant  to  deceive;  the  ancient 
teaching  that  the  earth  was  flat  was  not  a  lie,  because  not 
then  known  to  be  false.  Untruth  is  more  than  lack  of  ac- 
curacy, implying  always  lack  of  veracity;  but  it  is  a  some- 
what milder  and  more  dignified  word  than  lie.  Falsehood 
and  lying  are  in  utterance;  deceit  and  deception  may  be  merely 
in  act  or  implication.  Deception  may  be  innocent,  and  even 
unintentional,  as  in  the  case  of  an  optical  illusion;  deceit  al- 
ways involves  injurious  intent.  Craft  and  cunning  have  not 
necessarily  any  moral  quality;  they  are  common  traits  of 
animals,  but  stand  rather  low  in  the  human  scale.  Duplicity 
is  the  habitual  speaking  or  acting  with  intent  to  appear  to 
mean  what  one  does  not.  Dissimulation  is  rather  a  conceal- 
ing of  what  is  than  a  pretense  of  what  Is  not.  Finesse  is 
simply  an  adroit  and  delicate  management  of  a  matter  for 
one's  own  side,  not  necessarily  involving  deceit.  Compare 
artifice;  fiction;  fraud;  hypocrisy;  lie. — Ant.:  candor, 
fair  dealing,  frankness,  guilelessness,  honesty,  openness,  sim- 
plicity, sincerity,  truth,  veracity. 

de-cep'tiv(es,  1  di-sep'tiv;2de-cep'tiv,  a.  Having  power 
or  tendency  to  deceive. 

Syn.:  deceitful,  delusive,  illusive,  illusory.  Persons  are 
deceitful;  things  are  deceptive.  We  speak  of  a  deceitful,  but 
not  of  a  deceptive  man.  We  speak,  however,  of  deceitful 
promises,  as  involving  personal  intent  to  deceive.  It  is  more 
accurate  to  say  deceptive  than  deceitful  appearances.  See 
bad;  counterfeit.— Ant.:  fair,  frank,  genuine,  honest, 
open,  real,  truthful,  veracious. 

— de-cep'tiv(e-lyB,  adv. — de-cop 'tlv(e-nessB,  n. 

dec'l-are.l  des'i-ar  or des"i-ar' ;  2  dec'i-ar or d£c"l-ar',  n.  Ten 
square  meters;  oneHenth  of  an  are.  See  metric  system, 
under  metric.  [<  F.  declare,  <  L.  declmus,  tenth;  and  see 
are,  re.] 

dec  Id.,  abbr.    Deciduous. 

dc-cide',  1  di-suid';  2  de-cid',  v.  [de-cid'ed11;  de-cid'- 
ing.J  I.  t.  To  determine  authoritatively;  bring  to  a 
conclusive  result;  adjudge;  arbitrate;  resolve'.  II.  i. 
To  give  judgment;  come  to  or  give  a  decision.  (<  L. 
decido,  <  de,  off,  +  csedo,  cut.)  Syn.:  sic  SETTLE. — de- 
cld'ed,p«.  1.  Free  from  uncertainty;  unquestionable;  un- 
mistakable. '£.  Determined;  resolute;  emphatic.  Syn.: 
see  firm. — de-cld'ed-ly,  adv. — do-old 'ed-ness,  //. 

dC-cld'll-OUS,  1  di-sid'yu-us;  2  de-cld'yu-iis,  a.  1.  Fall- 
ing off  at  maturity,  as  leaves,  antlers,  teeth,  etc.  2. 
Shedding  Leaves  annually,  as  a  tree,  etc.  I  <  L.  dedduus, 
■    decide,  fall  off.] 

dec '1-gram,  l  des'i-gram;  2  dSc'1-gram,  re.    a  weight  of  one 

lenth   of  a  gram,   equal   to    1.64   tro.v   grains,   nearly.     See 

metric  system,  under  metric.    I-     P.  dicigramme,  <  L. 

declmus,  tenth;  and  see  on  am,  n.]    dec  l-gramiiic (. 
doo'l-II'Mer,  i  1   des'l-ll'ter;  2  dec'l-h'trr,  re.     A  measure  of 
dec'Ml"tre,  s  capacity  of  one-tenth  of  a  liter  (TJ.  B.),  8.88 

fluid    ounces.     Bee    METRIC  SYSTEM,   Under  METRIC.     [<    F. 

dicllllre,  <  I.,  declmus,  tenth;  and  see  liter.] 


drrllllon      |  a  |        »     1        ,  K,  poll       o    r,  16:  set,  *r; fall.  r*le;  bot,  borni 

i    ,i  hi     toe;  I  ■  6;  I  -  •;  go,  not,  Or,  won,     118 

The  aoi  ol  declining  an 


lire    l-n 

ill  r    I-  m 


1  v 

i\-itiriv 

Mil  I  ION   ! 
Illflll       1. 
II 


I  lining    I" 

I  I 

toil  ) 

I  . 

<li  .    l-iti.il-lt  .  ilii-   I- 

l.  i '..  i.iii  one  oul  ol  even 

lion  "f       di< ■' 'l-in.i    - 

\  measure 

'     I    Mi.  I.T       S.i-     Ml    I  Mr 

I      tli  elm  us. 


ill  -.  i    ph.  r 


I  ■  ■  make  oul  tin' 

•    .  IPBl  r  ] 

.l.-i  I  i>ln  r-.i-M  .'  .  dl ■-■  I  - 

Jon,  I.  The  acl  of  de- 

ttll  mi-lit  ; 

luality  of  being  positive 
deeido; 

■   N  1  I..N       «  11.1. 

1.  Putting  an  end 
lut-stion;   conclusive      'J. 
-lj .  -ness,  n 

i  im-ti-ntii  nf 

i         lsttre,< 
dee'l-sterf.. 

■  ii  i  k  .  I.  l\>  array:  dress  elegantly;  adorn; 

IRK  .  QABNIBH. 

,l.ik.  I.  V   platform  eovering  >>r  extending 

«sel;  the  space  between  two  such 

J.  .'{.   \      ■.  ering  >>r  shelter     4. 

.  <  dekki  a,  cover  ) 

nation 

.1  -.  brim',  .  .  de-elam',  i     I.  1     To  deliver 

II.  1.1        -j..  ak    in 

.'.  I'.,  give  a  recitation.    [  < 

SPEAK. 

1  ilni   .  r  .!•  i     I  i-iii  i I  .     ,     I     BCl    "f 

itoi        '.'.   \  speech  ..r  Be- 
'  am  memorj      de-clam  'a- 
i  <  •—  r  >  by,  or  pertaining  to  decla- 

■  li-<  lam  'a-li>-rl-l) . 

.  i .  -  ■  i        .  [de-clabed';  db-clar'- 

I.  •     l.l         dee  known;  reveal;  explain    'i.  To 

i.    .  nounce  formally  t«.  I t 

•  •  .  ncerning,  as 

msduty.    II.  i.    To  make  a  dec- 
decision     (  <  L.  declaro, 
syn.:  see  ui nut;  al- 

Pl  BLUE     SPEAE 

i-r.i  i inn.        •-.  formal  or  expllr.li  statement;  the 
ired.     I),  of  London, 

i    rejected  by  the  Brlt- 

i|i-rlar'a-to-r>,  n      Makings 

de-rlar'a-tlt  ■  •-.     de-clar'ed- 

l|,  -1  ■  ->  1  i r  .   l-n.  .-,   ..       dc-clarVr,  u 

■  l.-.l.ic  '-ion.  ]  > de-eleVshon, n.    I. Gram. 

nouns,  and  adjeel  i 
l»-r,   and   I  :i-.  2      A    ■ 

terioration.    3,  The 
I.        slope;  incline.     [  <   L.  <L 

df— rli rn    .  n',    r.      \u\  - 

I         i  comply  with; 

;.  . 
i 
ler  from.    5t.  To  lower;  dimini 
II-         l-  ;.    I     bend,  .- 1< ,; »«- .  move, 

Diinish.    3.  j 
aaid 
cllno.  ibate;  nit.    >  M.i. 

■I. -•  iin  '  i-hi  ■    .  pable  of  being  declined. — dec'. 

H-nai-  :  ng  downward;  curved  downward. 

ii-na'ilon.         I  j;  Inclination; 

I.  Refusal;  non- 
acceptance      4.    Deviation       5.  Attron.  The  angular  dls- 
ot  a  heavenly  body  from  'h-.  celestial  equator. — de- 
cll'na-to-r) ,  a.    Of,  pertaining  to.  conveying,  or  Involving 


de-ell  n.i-iiir.. 
ofiei  ruaal 

il.  -i  lllli'    .1.1  Jl   ill  ill  rlllin 

'    .   \  del  h\  n\ 
de-clh  'I- 1) .  t  di  Idiv*!  ii .  2  de  cUVi  i\ .  n     I  rnte1,  /./ 1 
\  ,).  »  ii«  ard      i  -    dosoendini  hill  01  moun- 

i  down,  bill.]     de-clll  'l-loii-., 

oplna  dow  nward    de-cll  'voui 

ii i  .  ; 

il,  -i  in    Hon.  1  .li  kok'sl 2  de-eoc'shon,  n     I.  The  act 

-  fthii  [,  i  ipecdally  in  water,  t"  extract  its 
ile  properties     'I.    \  Liquid  preparation  made  by 

iDatance.    [<  I.  <l< .  do«  a,  k  I 

ill -i  mi'  .  n     i.   ro  make  a  decoction  of     '-'  .  To  cook; 

.i.    co-her'er,  ]  df'ko-blr'sr  2d<    eo-hefer,  «      I  meel 
devlo  a  coherer  id  Its  normal  condition  after 

the  pa  Ing  of  an  electric  wave  See  coiierbb  [■  di  I 
coheri  ,  de"co-here',  t>f,  i-n hkv  i >' .  bee'ino.]  To  cause 
to  cease  cohering;  disconnect  the  particles  of:  used  In  wlre- 

ili-rnl   lair,  1  .IiImIi-i     2  de-COl'St,  Si      [-LAT-ED*;     LAT-rNO.] 

To  behead;  decapitate.  [•  i  decollatvs,  i > i > .  ■  de,  from. 
nee]  de-collat-ed,  pa.  Decapitated;  worn 
awaj  ni  the  apex.    dec"o-la'tlon,  n.    Decani 

(lr"rol"lf-lt'-',  l  .lr-"kol"..-t<"';  2  de"eol*e-t«,  pa  I.  Cut 
low  in  the  neck,  a>  a  gown  '!■  [d1  "■  ol*li  tin',  fern.] 
llasiiin  the  neck  and  Bnoulders  bare.    [F.l 

de-eol'or,    j  1  dl-kul'er;  2  d6-e61'or,  vt.    To  deprive  of 

(li'-cul'or1,  j  color;  bleach,  de-col'or-atet;  de>col'or- 
Izet;  de-eol'our}  [Eng  ]  de-col"or>a'tlon,  /i  l. 
Bleaching.  '1.  Absence  of  color.  d<--<'ol"or-l-za'[or -sa']- 
t  Ion,  11.     df-«'ol'or-iz"er  or-ls"er,  n. 

de'Vom-pose',  l  dl*kem-p6z';  2  dS'eom-pfij',  if.  A  vi. 
[-posed  ,  -1'iis'iNi;.]  To  separate  into  conatituenl  parts 
or  elements;  decay;  putrefy.—  de"com-po8'a-bl(Cp,  a. 
—  de-coiii"po-sriion,  n.  The  act,  process,  or  result  of  de- 
composlng,  by  chemical  action  or  by  natural  decay. 

d»'"coni-i)os'Hc,  1  dTkem-pes'it;  :.'  d6"e6m-p6s'11  a.  Com- 
pounded of  compounds;  decompound, 

ile'i oni-|Miiiini ',  i  dt'kem-paund'; 2  dCeOm-pound'.    Id.  rt. 

1.  To  compound  of  things  already  compound.  2§.  To  de- 
compose. II.  n.  1.  Formed  by  compounding  compounds. 
'I.  Bot.  several  times  divided  or  compounded,  as  a  leaf. 

dec'o-rate,  L  dek'o-ret;  2  deVo-rat,  vt.  [-kat'ku11;  -rat"- 
tNG  ]  1.  To  adorn;  ornament.  2.  To  confer  a  decorar 
tlon  upon.    [<  L. decora, adorn.]   Syn.: see adobn;  oarmsh. 

ili  r"o-ra 'lion,  1  dek*o-rS'slian;  2  dCe'o-r&'shon,  n.  1. 
The  act,  process,  or  art  of  decorating;  ornamentation; 
an  ornament,  'i.  A  badge  of  honor.  Decoration  day 
[TJ.  S.J,  a  day  (May  30)  set  apart  for  decorating  the  graves 
of  those  who  fell  iii  the  <  'ivil  \\  ar.  dec'o-ra-tiv(e8,  a.  Of, 
pertaining  to,  or  suitable  for  decoration;  ornamental,  -ly, 
adr.-  di'c'o-ra"(or,  n.  One  who  decorates;  one  who  makes 
a  business  of  decora!  iny  walls,  furniture,  and  the  like. 

de-core'  ,  l  dl-k6r';  2  dC-eGr*,  vt.    Td  decorate;  embellish. 

de-eo 'rolls,  1  di-ko'rns  or  dek'o-ros;  2  de-co'rtis  or  d5c'o- 
Proper;  becoming;  suitable.    Syn.:  .see  becouino; 
correct;    modest.  —  de-co'rous-ly,    adi>.  —  de-co'rous- 
ness,  n. 

de-cor'tl-cate,  1  <li-k6r'ti-ket;  2  de-e6r'tl-cat,  vt.  [-cat'ed*; 
-i'at'ino]  To  strip  oiT  the  bark  or  outer  coat  of;  peel;  husk; 
hull.  [■  I.,  decorticatv  ,  pp.,  <  de,  from,  +  corUx,  bark.)  — 
de-eor"(l-ca'(ion,  n. 

de-co'ruin,  1  di-ko'rum;  2  de-co'rum,  n.  Propriety,  as 
in  manner,  conduct,  etc.  (I...  <  dtcorus,  becoming,  be- 
ntUng,  <  decet,  it  bents.]     Syn.:  see  politeness. 

de-COy',  1  di-koi';  2  ile-eoy'.  I.  ,(.  To  entiee,  as  into 
r  or  a  snare;  draw  on,  .so  as  to  entrap.  Syn.:  see  am. rut;. 
II.  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which  allures  or  is  intended 
to  allure,  as  into  danger  01  temptation;  a  lure^a  bird  or 
animal,  or  tl  e  likeness  of  one,  used  to 
lure  wild  ones  into  a  net  or  snare-  or  with- 
in gunshot,  di'-c'oy'er}.  2. 
An  enclosed  place  into  which 
wild  fowl  or  other  game  may 
be  hind  for  eapture. 

de-crease',     1    di-krls';    2    de-< 

I.  vt.  &  vi.  [de-cheased'';  de- 
CEEAfl'lNG.]  To  t'row,  or  cause  to  I 
grow,  less  or  smaller;  diminish,  e-|„-- 
eially  by  a  gradual  process;  reduce.  ' 
II.  n.  The  act,  process,  or  state  of  decreasing;  the 
amount  or  degree  of  loss;  diminution.  [<  I.,  de, 
from,  +  cre.sco.  grow.]    Syn.:  see  abate;  impair;  retrench. 

de-cree',  1  di-krl';  2  de-er€'.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [de-cheed';  de- 
i  BEE'INO.]  To  order,  adjudge,  ordain,  or  appoint  by- 
law or  by  ediet;  issue  a  decree.  II,  n.  1.  A  formal, 
authoritative  order  or  decision;  a  law;  ordinance;  edict. 

2.  Tkeol.  The  eternal  purpose  of  God.    [  <  L.  decretum, 


Snipe* 
decoy. 


1:8=  final;    1  =  habit:    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    %o\    o  =  sino;   thin,  this,      decllllnn 
219      2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   tins.  defect 


<  decerno.  <  de,  from,  +  ccrno,  separate.]  Syn.:  (verb)  see 
dictate  ;  (noun)  see  law. 

dec 're-men t,  1  dek'n-ment  or  -ment;  2  dec're-ment,  n. 
A  decreasing;  loss  by  decrease;  waste. 

de-erep'it,  1  di-krep'it;  2  de-erep'it,  a.  Enfeebled,  as  by 
old  age;  broken  down.  [  <  L.  de-,  de-,  -+-  crepo,  crack] 
de-crep'ldt. — de-crep'i-tude,  n.  Enfeeblement  through 
Infirmity  or  old  ace. 

de-crep'I-tate,  1  di-krep'i-tet;  2  de-erep'i-tat,  ».  [-tat'ed'': 
-tat'ing.]  I.  I.  To  heat  so  as  to  cause  to  crepitate  or 
crackle.  II.  1.  To  crackle  when  heated. — de-crep"i-ta'- 
flon,  n. 

de-cres'cent,  1  di-kres'ent;  2  de-cres'ent,  a.  Decreasing; 
waning.  [<  L.  decrescen(t-)s,  ppr.  of  decresco;  see  de- 
crease, v.] 

de-cre'tal,  1  di-krl'tal;  2  de-cre'tal.  n.  An  authoritative  de- 
cree, letter,  or  rescript,  as  of  the  Pope. — de-cre'tal,  n. 

de-cre'tiv(eB,  1  di-kri'tiv;  2  de-cre'tiv,  a.  Pertaining  to  or 
having  the  force  or  nature  of  a  decree. 

dec're-to-ry,  1  dek'ri-to-n;  2  dee're-to-ry,  a.  Pertaining  to, 
resulting  from,  or  announcing  a  decree;  judicial;  definitive. 

de-cry',  1  di-krai';  2  de-cry',  vt.  [de-cried';  de-cry'ing] 
To  say  disparaging  things  about;  traduce.    [  <  F.  decrier, 

<  de-,  down,  +  crier,  cry.]     Syn.:  see  asperse;  disparage. 
— de-cri'al,  re.    The  act  of  decrying. — de-crl'er,  n. 

dec'u-man,  1  dek'yu-man;2  dec'yu-man.  I.  a.  1.  Principal; 
chief;  large.  3.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  tenth  or  hypotheti- 
cally  largest  recurrent  ocean  wave.  II.  n.  A  great  wave. 
[<  L.  dccumanvs,  <  decern,  ten.] 

de-cum'bent,  1  di-kum'bent;2de-cum'bent,«.  Lying  down; 
recumbent;  prostrate.  [<  I,.  decumben(t-)s,  ppr.,<  de, down, 
4-  cubn,  lie.] — de-cum 'hence,  n.  A  decumbent  state  or 
posture,  de-cum 'ben-cy  J. — de-cum  'bi-ture,  n.  Con- 
finement to  a  sick=bed. 

dec'u-ple,  ldek'yu-pl;  2dee'yu-pl.  I.  vt.  [-pled;-pling.] 
To  increase  tenfold.  II.  a.  Tenfold.  III.  n.  A  num- 
ber ten  times  repeated.     [  <  L.  decuplus,  <  decern,  ten.] 

de-cu'rl-on,  1  di-kiii'n-on:  2  de-cu'ri-on,  n.  A  Homan  officer 
who  commanded  ten  soldiers;  one  having  command  or  over- 
sight of  ten  others.    [<  I.,,  decurio(n-),  <  decern,  ten.] 

de-cur'rent,  1  di-kur'ent;  2  de-eur'ent,  a.  Bot.  Extending  or 
running  downward  into  another  structure.  [  <  L.  decur- 
ren(t-)s,  ppr.,  <  de,  down,  +  curro,  run.] 

de-cur'slv(eB,  1  di-kur'siv;  2  de-eur'siv,  a.  Decurrent.  [< 
L.  decursus,  pp.,  <  de,  down,  +  curro,  run]    -ly,  adv. 

de-cus'sate,  1  di-kus'et  or  dek'u-set;  2  de-cus'at.  or  dec'u-sat, 
vt.  [-sat'ed11;  -sat"ing.]  To  intersect;  cross  in  the  form  of 
the  letter  X;  interlace. 

de-cus'sate,  a.    Crossed;  intersected;  having  each  pair  (of 
leaves)  at   right  angles  with  the  pair  next 
below   or   above.      [<   L.  decussatus,  pp., 

<  decern,  ten,  +  as  (ass-),  copper  coin.] 
de-cus'sat-edt. — de-cus'sate-ly,  adv. — 
dec"us-sa'tion.  re. 

ded,  ded'end,  dcd'en-lnjt,  ded'en-lng-Iy. 

Same  as  dead,  etc. 
de'dal,  I  1  di'dal;    2  de'dal,  a.      Curiously 
dae'dal,  <  made;  Intricate;  artistic;  ingenious; 

also,  crafty;    deceitful.       [<   Gr.  daidnlos, 

<  daidallo,  adorn.]  da'dalf;  dae'dalct; 
de-da'llant.— ded'a-lous,  a.  Pertaining 
to  or  like  a  labyrinth;  involved. 

dedet,  a.    Dead. — dede'lyt,  a.    Mortal. 

ded'i-cate,  1  ded'i-ket;  2  ded'i-cat.     I. 

vl.  [-cAT"EDd;  -cat"ing.]  1.  To  set  apart  for  sacred 
uses;  consecrate;  devote.  2.  To  preface  with  a  dedica- 
tion. II.  a.  Dedicated;  devoted.  [<  L.  de,  down,+ 
diro,  declare.]  Syn.:  see  inscribe.— deri"l-ca'tlon,  n.  1. 
The  act  of  dedicating.  2.  An  Inscription,  as  to  a  friend, 
prefixed  to  a  book.— ded 'i-ca"tor,  n.     ded'i-ca-to-ry,  a. 

de-duce',  1  di-diiis';  2  de-duc',  vt.  [de-duced'1;  db-dtjc'- 
ing.]  1.  To. derive  as  a  conclusion;  infer;  conclude.  '!. 
To  trace,  as  derivation  or  origin.  [  <  L.  deduco,  <  de, 
down,  +  duco,  lead]  de-duce'ment,  ».— de-duc'l-bl(cp, 
a.    Capable  of  being  deduced. — de-du'clv(eB,  a. 

de-duct',  1  di-dokt';  2  dfi-diiet',  vt.  To  subtract;  take 
away.  [<  L.  deduco  (pi>  deductus);  *<■<•  deduce.] — 
dc-duct'i-bl(ef,  a.— de-duc'tlon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  de- 
ducing; an  inference:  conclusion.  2.  The  act  of  deducting; 
.subtraction;  abatement.  Syn.:  see  demonstration;  in- 
duction; inference. — de-duc'tlv(eB,  a.  Inferential;  de- 
duclble.— de-duc'tlv(e-lyB,  adv. 

Dee,  1  dl;  2  de,  n.  1.  A  river  in  N.  E.  Scotland;  87  m.  long 
to  the  North  Sea  at  Aberdeen;  famous  for  its  salmon.  2.  A 
river  and  lake  In  S.  VV.  Scotland.  3.  A  river  In  N.  Wales  and 
England;  70  m.  long  to  the  Irish  sea;  celebrated  In  Charles 
Kingsley's  poem  The  Sands  of  Dee. 

deed,  1  did;  2  ded.  \&.  vt.  To  convey  by  deed.  II.  n.  1. 
Anything  done;  an  act;  achievement.  2.  Fact;  truth; 
reality.  3.  Law.  A  written  instrument  of  conveyance 
undersea!.  [  <  AS.  dsed,  <  don,  do.]  Syn.:  see  act:  trans- 
action; work.  -In  deed,  In  very  d..  In  fact;  actually.— 
deed'ful,  a.    decd'yt  [Rare].— deed 'less,  a. 


deem,  1  dim;  2  dem,  vt.  &  vi.  To  decide;  judge;  consider; 
regard;  believe.  [<  AS.  deman,  <  dom;  see  doom.J 
Syn.:  see  calculate;  esteem;  suppose. 

deem   .  n.    A  surmise;  notion;  opinion. 

deem'ster,  1  dim'star;  2  dem'ster,  n.  One  who  deems  or 
dooms;  specif.,  either  of  the  two  highest  judicial  officers  in 
the  Isle  of  Man.— deem'ster-shlp,  n. 

deep,  1  dip;  2  dep.  I.  a.  1.  Extending  far  downward, 
backward,  or  inward.  2.  Profound;  abstruse.  3.  Saga- 
cious; penetrating;  also,  scheming;  designing.  4.  Ex- 
treme; heartfelt.  5.  Low  or  sonorous  in  tone.  6.  Dark 
in  hue.  7.  Muddy;  heavy,  as  a  road.  II.  n.  That 
which  has  great  depth;  an  abyss;  the  sea.  III.  adv. 
Deeply.  [  <  AS.  deop,  deep.]  Syn.:  see  obscure. — deep'en, 
vt.  &  vi.  To  make  or  become  deep  or  deeper,  in  any  sense. 
— deep'ly,  adv.  1.  At  or  to  a  great  depth.  2.  To  a  great 
extent  or  degree;  intensely;  profoundly;  thoroughly.  3.  At 
a  low  pitch  or  tone.  4.  Artfully;  intricately. — deep'most, 
a. — deep'ness,  n.     Depth. 

deer,  1  dlr;  2  der,  n.  [deer,  pi.]  1.  A  ruminant  with  ant- 
lers (in  the  male  sex),  as  the  moose,  elk,  and  reindeer. 
See  fallow.  2.  A  deerdike  animal;  formerly,  any 
quadruped;  a  wild  animal.  [  <  AS.  deor,  wild  animal] 
— deer'shalr",  n.  An  alpine  and  bog  bulrush,  growing  in 
tufts  from  4  to  12  inches  high  and  resembling  coarse  hair. 
deer's'5halr"J. — deer'hound",  re.  One  of  a  breed  of  dogs 
used  in  hunting  deer;  a  staghound. 

def.,  abbr.  Defined,  definite,  definition.— def.,  deft.,  abbr. 
Defendant. 

de-face',  1  di-fes';  2  de-fac',  vt.  [de-faced'1;  de-fac'ing.J 
1.  To  mar  or  disfigure  the  face  or  surface  of.  2.  To  ob- 
literate wholly  or  partially,  as  an  inscription;  efface.  3||. 
To  cancel;  make  null.  [  <  L.OF  dis-,  dis-,  +  fades,  face] 
—  de-face'ment,  n. — de-fae'er,  re.  —  de-fac'ing,  pa. — 
de-fac'lng-ly,  adv. 

de  fac'to,  1  di  fak'to;  2  de  fac'to.  Actually  or  really  existing, 
as  a  government:  distinguished  from  de  jure.    [L.] 

def'al-ca'tion,  1  defal-ke'sTien;  2  dgf'al-ca'shon,  n.  1. 
A  fraudulent  appropriation  of  money  held  in  trust; 
embezzlement;  also,  a  deficit.  2.  A  deducting;  an 
abatement.  [<  L.LL  de,  off,  +  falx  (falc-),  sickle.]— 
de-fal'cate,  vt.  &  vi.  de-falk't.— de-fal'ca-tor,  n.  A  de- 
faulter. 

de-fame',  1  di-fem';  2  de-fam'.  I.  vt.  [de-famed';  de- 
fam'ing.]  1.  To  injure,  or  endeavor  to  injure,  the  repu- 
tation of  by  evil  or  false  reports;  calumniate;  slander; 
libel.  2.  To  bring  disrepute  upon;  disgrace;  dishonor. 
3||.  To  charge;  indict;  especially,  to  accuse  falsely.  II. 
i.  To  be  guilty  of  defamation;  utter  defamatory  words. 
[  <  L.F  diffamo,  <  dis-,  dis-,  +  fama;  see  fame,  n.] 
Syn.:  see  abuse:  asperse;  revile. 

— def'a-ma'tlon,  n.  The  act  of  defaming;  aspersion; 
calumny.  Syn.:  see  scandal. — de-fam 'a- to-ry,  a.  Slan- 
derous.— de-fam 'er,  re. 

de-fault'd,  1  di-fSlt;  2  de-falt',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  make  de- 
fault in;  neglect.  2.  Law.  To  declare  in  default.  II.  t'. 
Tomakea  default. — de-fault'er,  n.  One  who  defaults: 
(1)  One  who  fails  to  appear  in  court.  (2)  One  who  fails 
to  account  for  trust  money;  a  delinquent;  embezzler. 

dc-fault',  n.  1.  A  failure  in  or  neglect  of  an  obligation 
or  duty;  failure  to  appear  or  plead  in  a  suit.  2.  Want  or 
deficiency;  absence;  lack;  as,  in  default  of  evidence.  3. 
A  fault;  transgression.  [<  L  LL  de,  away,  +  fallo,  de- 
ceive.]   de-falt't;  de-faute't.     Syn.:  see  neglect;  want. 

de-fea 'sance,  1  di-fi'zans;  2  de-fe'sanc,  n.  A  making 
null  or  void;  an  annulment.  I  <  OF.  defeasance,  <  dc- 
faire,  undo,  defeat.)  de-fea 'sl-bl(ei\  a.  Capable  of  being 
rendered  void,    -ness,  n. 

de-feat''1,    1    di-fit';    2   de-fet',  vt.     1.  To    overcome    in 
any  contest;  baffle;  vanquish;  frustrate.     2.  Law.  To 
make  void;  annul.    31".  To  destroy;  ruin. 
Syn.:  see  BAFFLE;  beat;  conquer. 

dc'feat,  n.   The  act  or  result  of  defeating;  an  overthrow: 
in  law,  an  annulment.     [  <  L.OF  de-,  de-,  +  facio,  do.] 
Syn.:  see  loss;  ruin. 

de-fea'turc't,  n.    Defeat. 

dc-fea'turc2t,  n.    A  defect  or  Injury  of  feature. 

def'e-catc,  1  dcf'i-ket ;  2  def'e-cat,  vl.  &  vl.  |-cat*ed;  -cat*- 
ING.l  1.  To  clear  of  dregs  or  impurities;  refine;  purify,  2. 
To  become  free  (if  dregs.  3.  To  discharge  excrement.  |<  L. 
defsecatus,  pp.,  •  de,  from,  +  fsci  (far-),  lees.]  def'c-cate, 
i\.     Clarified;  refined.     dcf"e-ra'tlon,  ». 

de-fect',  1  di-fekt'j  2  de-feet,',  >i.    1.  Laok  or  absence  of 
something  essential;  imperfection,    2.  A  blemish;  fail- 
ing; fault,     |<  I<.  defectua,   <  de,  from,  +  facio,  dn.| 
Syn.:  see  BLEMISH;  FOIBLE;  WANT. 

de-fec'llon,  n,      Abandonment   <>f  allegiance  or  (lul\: 

desertion,  de-fcc'tlv(eB,  a.  I.  incomplete  or  Imperfect; 
faulty  2.  lucking  some  regular  grammatical  forms.  Syn.: 
see  bad;  rotten.— de-fec'tlv(e-ly»,  adv.  —  dc-fcc'tlv(c- 
nessB(  re. 


fl  I  ...     not.  Or;   full,  rOlc;   but.  I.Orii; 

i  iii  i         vm.  mil,  <>i,  »6n,      220 


€vf    }■'*< 


I.  I 

-I.    M.I. 

I    1  l-l.l  • 

II        I 


I 

I  • 

II  I  III  l/l  - 
.'.•  others 

llll<  colli 

I  i  onducl 
iiy;  RAM- 

ninony. 
I.  --. 

.1.-1.  ii   -l-l.l   .     . 

de-fen"- 
.  --  .        de-fen  ~i>  i       i 

making 


>',  DE-ri  rd'"; 
I  t  off  to  some  other 

II 

PI    Ml 

i  -I  i  r'ring  ]    I  .  i 
■  fully:  with  f..  before  tin-  hi- 
ll, illy;  submit: 

ST.] 

lilt  >*.  or  at  tall 
found.     A  military 
officer  DU-  uhorlty  of  a 

."•■  of  his 

\  hotn  on  other 

Ant;  defy, 

I 

fill  yielding:  respect;  regard. 

d<  l    •  r-.  ii   llal-l),  mlr. 
mi.  ]  -      n      ■    i  charac- 

-I) .  ili-li'.im  -c.         1.  The 

! 

racking  an 
ent;  incomplete;  im- 

■  1  ■  -ii '(  I.  o-<  i  . 
•    ..r  that  which  Is  deficient ; 

d<  -hi  -h  in  .  ...  INT. 


ncy,  or  falling 

«om  to  protect  from  enfilading  and 
de-flle't. 
of  the  proper 

~ior  of  a 
-hi.    in.  ni 

-.  violate.    [  < 

:  may  be 

■  refer  to 

■  -.  as  the 
of  liquids:  as, 

lal  Injury. 

iic  a  sanc- 
tuary, so  allar.  or  an  ordln.-.- 
amtamXniwjt  by  association  with  the  wicked;  the  vicious 


h  ', 

idlnr, 

■  l.  f  l-l.nl 
■  l.-til. 


•   .r 


I  ma  by  I  heir  ow  u  ■    •  ■     i        We 

•  -.  fraud  TiliaU  I  :i  title  "i   B 

■  i  m  i-i  .  pollute;  violati       Ant  ! 
Infect,  hallow,  purify,  sanctify,  « 

,i,  -ni.   no  oi.         i  in  not  of  .I. mini:,  or  state  of  being 

pollution       dr-tll'cr,  n 

(I i'-f 1 1«-    .  irch  in  a  lino  or  bj  file  .  Sic  nlT.    [< 

i\       ■    flhr.  spin  I 

de-flle',         i.    \  Ions  narrow  '.'.    u</    A 

'     ill!'     Ill     111.' 

ill  -Inn     .    .  |  m    I  im  I.'.  1. 1    I  is'iso  ] 

I.        I.  I   i  state  tho  meaning  of;  explain     '.'.   ["odeter- 

mm.   ,  i  in- ...it  the  limits  or  outlines  ol     St« 

II.        i       ivo  a  definition  or  deci  rion.    |  < 

i  de,  off,   ■  /'.    .  end  I    Byn.:    ec  i  irci  mbcribe; 

interpret;  nun      iie-tin  'a-id  r1 .  a     Capable  ol   being 

defined     de-flne'menl  .  tlon,      de-iiu'er,  n 

deft-nil  «•*,  1  def'i-nit;  2  dfif'i-nlt,  a      Having  precise 

limits;  known  with  exactness;  determined;  clear;  pre 

i  mi    pRi  i  i  it        def'l-nltfe-ly*, 

def'i-nltfe-ness",  n.    de-ftn'l-tlv(e".  I.a,  Sharp- 

i>  denning  or  limiting;  determinate;  expllolt ;  positive.  II. n, 

,\  word  thai  defines  or  in  -i>  .  -ness,  n, 

ilei'  i-iiiiiiiti,  1  defi-nish/en;  2  oef'i-nlsh'on,  n.     I.  A 

deseription  or  explanation  "f  a  word  or  thing,  by  its 

attributes,  properties,  or  relati  binguishes  if 

from  all  other  things,    'i.  The  acl  of  stating  or  showing 

what  a  word  means,  whal  a  thing  is,  or  what  the  con- 

il  :i  conception  is;  the  acl  of  defining,    :t.  I  I 
of  being  definite;  fixed  shape;  definitiveness.     4.  The 

determining  "i  il utiine  or  limits  of  anything;  the 

ol  being  clearly  outlined  or  determined;  in  optics, 
the  power  of  a  Ions  to  give  a  distinct  image. 

Syn.:  comment,  commentary,  description,  explanation, 
exposition,  Interpretation,  rendering,  translation.  A  definU 
iinii  Is  exact,  an  explanation  general;  a  definition  Is  formal,  a 
•  pictorial.  A  definition  must  include  all  thai  be- 
longs to  the  obji  cl  defined,  and  exclude  all  thai  does  nol .  ;i 
description  may  Include  only  some  general  features;  an 

explm  imply   throw    light    upon   some    pi 

special  difficulty.  An  exposition  undertakes  to  siaie  more 
fully  what  is  compact);  given  or  only  Implied  in  the  text;  as, 
an  exposition  of  Scripture.  Interpretation  is  ordinarily  from 
one  language  unto  another,  or  from  the  language  of  one  pe- 
riod Into  that  of  another;  It  may  also  he  a  Statement  giving 

the  doubtful  or  hidden  meaning  ol  that  which  is  recondite  or 

perplexing;  as,  the  Interpretation  of  a  dream,  a  riddle,  or  of 

some  difficult  passage.     Definition,  explanation,  exposition, 

and  Interpretation  are  ordinarily  blended  In  a  commentary, 

which  may  also  include  description.     A  comment  is  upon  a 

single  passage;  a  commentary  may  be  the  same,  but  Is  usually 

understood  to  be  a  volume  of  comments, 

def 'la-grate,  1  def'ls-gret;  2  def'la-gr&t,  rt.  &  ii.    [-grat"ed; 

-oh  v  i"im:.|     To  hum  with  sudden,  sharp  combustion.     [< 

Intens.  +  flat/ro,  burn.) — def'la-gra-blic,  a.     Com- 

def'la-gra'tlon,  n.~ def'la-gra"tor,  n. 

de-flate',  1  di-fiet';  2  de-flat',  rt.     [-ji.at'kd;  -h.at'im;.]  To 

cause  to  collapse  by  the  removal  of  contained  air  or  gas. 

[  fr.im.      ///.blow]     de-fla'tlon,  n.-   de-fla'tor,  n. 

de-flect'd,  1  di-flekt';  2  de-fl6et',  ».     I.  t.    To  cause  to 

swerve;  bend  from  a  course.     II.  i.     To  turn  aside; 

swerve.    [<  l.  de,  away,  +  fleeto,  bend.]    Syn j  see  bend. 

de-flec'tlon,  n.    A  turning  aside;  deviation,    de-flex'- 
lon:.     de-Hee'tlv(es,  a. — de-Hee'tor,  n. 
de-flex',   1   dl-fleks';  2  de-fleks',  tl.     To  turn  aside;   deflect; 
bend  abruptly  downward.    [<  L.  deflecto  (pp.  defiexus);  see 
DEPLECT.l— de-flex'ure,  n.     Reflection:  deviation. 
deflo-ra'tlon,  1  def"lo-rc'slian;  2  deflo-ra'shon,  n.    1.  The 
deflowering.     2.  A  culling  of  the  choicest  part.—  de- 
flo'rate,  a.    1.  Past,  flowering.     'I.  Having  cast  its  pollen. 
de-flOW 'er,  1  dt-flau'ar;  2  de-flow  'or,  )/.     To  despoil  of 
flowers,  or  of  purity  or  beauty;  ravish;  violate.     [  <  L.Ll" 
(/. .  from,  -f  fibs  (fior-),  flower.)     de-flour'}, 
de-flux 'Ion,   1   di-fluk'shnn:  2  de-fluk'shon,   n.  Pathol.  The 
•  me  or  flowing  oft  of  fluids,  as  in  case  of  a  cold  in  the 
bead.    I-    Lh.  defluxio'n-),  <  L.  de.  down,   -  fltto.  Mow.] 
De-foe',  1  di-fo';  2  de-fO',  Oanlel  (1601-1731).     Kngllsh  po- 

Utlcal  and  miscellaneous  writer;  Robinson  Crusoe. 
de-foll-ate,  1  di-fo'h-et;  2  de-fo'li-at,  tt.    [-at*ed;  -at"ini;.] 
To  deprive  or  strip  of  leaves.     [<  L.  defoliatus,  pp.,  <  de, 
from,    -  folium,  leaf.)     de-foll't.— de-fo"ll-a'tlon,  n.— 
ile-lo'll-a"tor,  n. 
de-force'',  1  di-fors';  2  de-forc',  et.    To  withhold  possession 
from,  keep  out  of  lawful  possession.    (<  OF.  deforcer,  <  L. 
.  +  fortia,  force.)— de-force 'men  t,  n. 
de-for'est,  1  dl-fer'est;  2  dB-for'Jst,  n.     To  clear  of  forest 

de-for"es-ta't!on,  n.~  dc-for'est-er,  n. 

de-form',  1  di-ferm';  2  de-fdrm',  rt.    1.  To  render  mis- 

u;  distort;  disfigure.     2.  To  change  the  form  of. 

'■ .  out   "f.  4-  forma,  shape.) — def'or-ma'tlon,  n. — 

de-formed',  pa.      de-form't   [Rare]. — de-form'l-ty,  n. 

[-TiE6«,  pi.]    1.  A  deformed  state;  an  unnatural  or  misshapen. 


1: a  =  final;    I  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    lfi  =  feud;    cliin;    go; 
221       2:  wolf,  da;   bdbk,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   611,  b6y;  go, 


IJ  =  8i7i0;    ftlin,    this. 
gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


defence 
delegate 


part;  disfigurement.     2.  Lack  of  beauty  or  symmetry;  un- 
sightlfness.    Syn.:  see  blemish. 

de-foul''t,  V.    To  tread  down;  crush;  rebuke,    de-foll't. 

de-foul'2,  vt.    To  make  foul;  defile,    de-roll't. 

de-fraud 'd,  1  di-fred';  2  de-frad',  vt.  To  take  or  withhold 
something  from  by  fraud;  cheat;  swindle.  [<  L.  de, 
fully,  +  frau(d-)s,  fraud.]  Syn.:  see  deceite.— de-fraud '- 
er,  n. 

de-fray',  1  di-fre';  2  de-fra',  vt.  To  make  payment  for; 
bear  the  expense  of;  pay.  [  <  F.  de,  off,  -}-frais,  cost.] — 
de-fray'al,  n.  The  act  of  defraying,  de-fray'ment}.— 
de-fray 'er,  n. 

deft,  1  deft;  2  dfft,  a.  Neat  and  skilful  in  action;  handy; 
apt;  clever.  [<  AS.  dseft,  in  gedoefte,  fit,  gentle.]  -ly, 
adv.    -ness,  n. 

de-funct',  1  di-funkt';  2  de-funet'.  I.  a.  Dead;  de- 
ceased; extinct.  II.  n.  A  dead  person;  the  dead.  [< 
L.  de,  off,  +  fungor,  discharge.]    Syn.:  see  dead;  lifeless. 

de-fy',  1  di-fai';  2  de-fy',  vt.  [de-fied';  2  de-fy'ing.]  1. 
To  challenge  or  dare;  act  in  disregard  of;  resist  openly 
or  boldly.  2f«  To  renounce;  reject.  [  <  F.  defter,  <  L. 
dis-,  dis-,  +  fides,  faith.]    Syn.:  see  oppose. 

deg.,  abbr.    Degree. 

de"ga"ge',  1  de"ga"3e';  2  de"ga"zhe',  a.  [F.]  Free  from  con- 
straint; unconventional;  easy. 

de-gen 'er-ate,  1  di-jen'sr-et;  2  de-g?n'er-at.  I.  vt. 
(-AT"EDd;  -at"ing.]  To  become  worse  or  inferior;  de- 
cline; deteriorate.  II.  a.  Having  become  worse  or  in- 
ferior; deteriorated;  degraded.  III.  n.  A  deteriorated 
or  degraded  individual,  animal  or  human;  especially,  a 
morally  degraded  person.  [  <  L.  degenerates,  <  de, 
down;  and  see  generate.]  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. — de-gen '- 
er-a-cy,  n.  The  state  of  being  degenerate;  the  act  or  proc- 
ess of  degenerating. — de-gen"er-a'tion,  n.  The  act,  state, 
or  process  of  degenerating;  decline;  deterioration. 

deg"lu-ti'tion,  1  deg"lu-tisli'an;  2  deg"lu-t!sh'on,  n.  The 
act,  process,  or  power  of  swallowing.  [  <  L.  de,  down, 
+  glutio,  swallow.] 

de-grade',  1  di-gred';  2  de-grad',  v.  [de-grad'ed1*;  de- 
grading.] I.  t.  1.  To  reduce  in  rank;  remove  from 
office,  dignity,  etc.  2.  To  debase  or  lower  the  character 
or  quality  of ;  make  mean  or  contemptible.  3.  Biol.  To 
reduce  from  a  higher  to  a  lower  type.  4.  Geol.  To  re- 
duce the  height  of  (any  part  of  the  earth's  surface)  by 
the  wearing  action  of  natural  agents,  as  by  river=action. 
5.  Paint.  To  tone  down,  weaken,  or  diminish;  as,  to 
degrade  the  brightness  of  colors.  II.  t.  1.  To  decline  in 
character,  reputation,  or  standing;  degenerate  2.  Biol. 
To  pass  from  a  higher  to  a  lower  type  of  structure;  de- 
generate. [  <  F.  degrader,  <  L.LL  de,  down,  -4-  gradior, 
go.]    Syn.:  see  abase. 

— deg"ra-da'tion,  n.  The  act  of  degrading,  or  the  state 
of  being  degraded,  in  any  sense. — deg"ra-da'tlon-al,  a. — 
de-grad  'ing-ly,  adv. 

de-gree',  1  di-gri';  2  de-gre',  n.  1.  One  of  a  succession  of 
steps,  grades,  or  stages;  rank;  station,  2.  Relative  ex- 
tent, amount,  or  intensity.  3.  One  of  the  three  forma  in 
which  an  adjective  or  adverb  is  compared;  :is,  the  posi- 
tive, comparative,  and  superlative  degrees.  4.  An  aca- 
demical rank  or  title  conferred  by  an  institution  of 
learning.  5.  A  subdivision  or  unit,  as  in  a  thermomei  rio 
scale;  the  300th  part  of  a  circle,  as  of  longitude  or  lati- 
tude; the  90th  part  of  a  right  angle.  <».  Alg.  The  power 
to  which  a  quantity  or  number  is  raised.  7.  Arith.  In 
notation,  a  group  of  three  figures  in  a  number;  a  period. 
8.  Mus.  A  line  or  space  of  the  staff.  [<  L.Frfc,  duwn, 
+  gradus,  step.] 

dc-hls 'cence,  1  di-his'ens;  2  de-Ms'6nc,  n.    1.  A  gape  or 
gaping.    2.  The  opening  or  manner  of  opening, 
asof  a  capsule  when  discharging  seeds.  [<  L.  de, 
off,  +  hisco,  open.  ] — de-hisce ',  vt. — de-hls  'een  ( ,  a. 

de-horn ',  1  dl-horn';  2  de-horn',  vt.  To  remove  the 
horns  of. 

dc-hu'inan-lzc,  /  1  dl-hlu'man-niz;  2  de-hO'man-Iz, 

de-liu'man-lse,  S  vt.  To  divest  of  specifically  hu- 
man qualities  or  attributes;  Imbrute,  dc-liu"- 
man-1-za'tlon  or  -sa'tlon,  n.  t>pm^ 

de-hy'drate",  1  dl-tml'drri ;  2  de-hy'drat,  v.  I.  t.  ""' '"JJ 
Chem.  To  deprive  of  water;  anhydrate.  II.  I.  To  Srl,,|. 
suffer  loss  of  water.  [<  DE-  +  Gr.  hudCn  Uiudr-),  '  „,'  ,,,,, 
water.]  ..ipmik. 

dc'l-rlde,  l  dl'i-sald;  2  d5't-cld,  n.  I.  The  killing  of  a  god;  the 
crucifixion  of  Christ.  2.  The  slayer  of  a  god;  one  of  the 
crudflers  of  Christ.    [<  L.  deus.  god,   |  csedo,  slay.] 

dele 'tic,  1  doik'tik;  2  dlc'tle,  a.  Proving  by  direct  argument; 
direct,.  [<  Qr.  drittikos,  able  to  show,  <  deHnyni,  teach.] 
— delc'tl-cal-ly,  adv. 

de'l-fy,  1  di'i-fcii;  2  dr-'i-fy,  vt.  [-pied;  -i'y"ing.]  To  exalt 
among  the  gods;  regard  or  worship  as  a  god;  adore.  |  < 
L.  deus,  god.  4-  -FY.]— de-lf'lc,  a.    Making,  or  tending  to 


make,  divine.  2.  Divine,  de-lf'1-ealt.— de"l-fl-ca'tlon, 
n.  Apotheosis. — de'l-fi"er,  n. — de'l-form,a.  In  the  form 
of  a  god;  like  a  god.    [  <  L.  deus,  god,  +  -form.] 

deign,  1  den;  2  den,  vt.  1.  To  stoop  so  far  as  to  grant  or 
allow;  condescend;  vouchsafe.  2t.  To  deem  worthy  of 
notice  or  account.  [  <  OF.  deigner,  <  L.  dignor,  < 
dignus,  worthy.]  [fellow. 

dell,  1  dll;  2  del,  n.  [Scot.]  The  devil;  a  vicious  or  mischievous 

de-ip'o-tent,  1  dl-ip'o-tent;  2  de-ip'o-tent,  a.  Having  divine 
power.    (<  L.  deus,  god,  +  poten<.t-)s;  see  potent.) 

De'i-ra,  1  di'i-ra;  2  de'i-ra,  n.  An  Anglian  kingdom  between 
the  Humber  and  the  Tyne;  later  part  of  Northumbrla. 

de'ism,  1  dl'izm;  2  de'ism,  n.  The  belief  in  the  existence 
of  God,  with  disbelief  in  revelation  and  Christianity.  (  < 
F.  delsme,  <  L.  deus,  god.] — de'lst,  n.  A  believer  in  deism. 
Syn.:  see  skeptic. — de-Is 'tic,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  deism 
or  deists,     de-ls'tl-calt. — de-is 'tl-cal-ly,  atft>. 

de'i-ty,  1  di'i-ti;  2  de'i-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi.]  1.  A  god,  god- 
dess, or  divine  person.  2.  [D-]  The  Supreme  Being; 
God.   3.  Godhead ;  divinity.   [  <  F.  deite,  <  L.  deus,  god.] 

de-ject'd,  1  di-jekt';  2  de-jget',  vt.  1.  To  depress  the 
spirits  of;  discourage;  dishearten.  2t-  To  cast  down; 
reduce.  [<  L.  dejectus,  pp.,  <  de,  down,  +  jacio,  hurl] 
— de-jec'ta,  n.  pi.  Excrements. — de-ject'ed,  pa.  De- 
pressed; disheartened.  Syn.:  see  sad. — de-ject'ed-ly,  adv. 
— de-Ject'ed-ness,  n. — de-Jec'tion,  n.  A  dejected  state; 
depression;  melancholy. 

de"jeu"ner',  1  de"3u"ne';  2  de'zhu'ne',  n.  Breakfast:  corre- 
sponding in  time  and  character  to  the  English  luncheon.  [F., 
<  L.  de,  from.  4-  jejunus,  hungry.]  de"jeu"ne't. 

de  ju're,  1  di  jii'rl;  2  de  ju're,  Law.  By  right  of  law;  rightfully 
or  legally:  distinguished  from  de  facto.    [L.] 

dek'a-,  dek'a-gram,  etc.    Same  as  deca-,  etc. 

De  Kalb,  1  di  kalb;  2  de  kiilb.  John  (1721-1780).  A  German 
soldier  under  Washington  in  the  American  Revolution. 

Dek'kan,  1  dek'an;  2  dek'an,  n.  The  part  of  India  south  of 
the  Nerbudda  river,  or  as  far  as  the  Krishna  river. 

Dek'ker,  1  dek'ar;  2  dek'er,  Thomas  (1570?-1641?).  An 
English  dramatist  and  prose«writer.    Deck'erJ. 

Del.,  abbr.    Delaware  (official),  delegate. 

Del"a-go'a  Bay,  1  del"a-go'a;  2  del"a-go'a.  A  bay  on  the 
southern  boundary  of  Portuguese  East  Africa. 

de-laine',  1  di-leu';  2  de-lan',  n.  An  untwilled  wool,  or 
cotton  and  wool,  dress«material.  [  <  F.  {mousseline)  de 
laine,  <  L.  de,  of,  +  tana,  wool.] 

Del"a-rey',  1  del"a-re';  2  del"a-re',  Jacob  Hendrlk  (1848- 
1914).    A  Boer  general  in  the  South=African  war. 

de-late',  1  di-let';  2  de-iat',  vt.  [de-lat'ed;  de-i.at'ing  ]  1. 
Scot.  Eccl.  Law.  To  bring  a  charge  against  one;  accuse-  de- 
nounce. 2.  To  publish  or  spread  abroad.  3f.  To  transport 
[<  JLL.  delato,  accuse,  <  L.  delates  (pp.  of  defero),  <  de. 
down,  +  latus,  borne.] — de-la 'tion,  n.  1.  civ.  Law.  An 
accusation,  as  by  an  informer.    2||.  Conveyance  or  carriage. 

Dd'a-ware,  1  del'a-war;2  del'a-war,  n.  1.  Lord  (1577-1618). 
Thomas  West,  an  English  administrator;  governor  of  Vir- 
ginia. De-la"warr'J.  2.  A  Middle  Atlantic  State  (2,370 
sq.  m.;  pop.  214.270);  capital.  Dover.  — D.  Bay,  an  arm  of 
the  Atlantic  ocean,  between  Delaware  and  New  Jersey.— 
D.  river,  a  river  in  eastern  U.  S.;  separating  Pennsylvania 
and  Delaware  from  New  York  and  New  Jersey ;  length  350  m. 

Del'a-warcs,  1  dcl'a-warz;  2"del'a-wars.  ».  pi.  A  tribe  of  the 
Algonkian  stock  of  North»Amerlcan  Indians. 

de-lay',  1  di-le';  2  de-la',  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  put  off  to  a  future 
time;  postpone;  defer,  'i.  To  cause  to  move  slowly;  re- 
tard; detain;  hinder.  II.  i.  To  act  or  proceed  slowly; 
procrastinate.  [<  F.  dilayer,  <  L.  dilato;  Bee  dilate.] 
Syn.:  hinder;  linger;  procrastinate; protract;  suspend. 
— de-lay 'er,  n. 

de-lay',  n.  1.  A  putting  off;  postponement;  procrastina- 
tion. 2.  A  temporary  stoppage  or  stay;  also,  a  loitering 
or  lingering.    Syn.:  see  respite. 

Del"cas7'se',  l  del'ka'sS';  2  del'ca'se',  Theophlle  (1852-  ). 
A  French  statesman;  minister  of  foreign  affairs,  1898-1905; 
1914-1915. 

de'le,  1  dl'll;  2  de'lC,  vt.  Print.  To  take  out;  delete:  usually  an 
Imperative  represented  by  a  sign  (9,)  directing  the  taking 
out  of  something  from  the  type.  [I..,  Imperative  of  deleo, 
erase.] — dcl'e-bl(e>',  a.  Capable  of  being  erased  or  oblit- 
erated.   del'l-bl(e''t. 

dclet,  n.    A  part ;  deal;  share. 

dc-lec'ta-bKc1',  1  di-lek'te-bl;  2  de-lee'ta-bl,  o.    I 
pleasure;  delightful;  charming.     |<   L.  deledabilia,   < 

deieCto;    see    DELIGHT,   r  1      Syn.:   see    LOVELY.       de-lec'ta- 
bKe-iiess'',    n, — dc-lec'ta-bly,  adv.     de"lee-(a'llon,    u. 
Delight. 
del'e-gant,  l  del'i-gsnt;  2  del'e-gant,  w.    1.  One  thai  dele 

gates.     2.   CiV.   Law.   One  thai  assigns  :i  clelil   ilne  lilin  to  a 

oredltor. 
del'e-gate,  1  del'i-gSt;  2  del'e-gat.     I.  vt.     [-aAT'ED"1; 
QATriNa.]    1.  To  send  ass  repre  entative,  with  author 

ity  fo  act;  depote.  2.  To  commit  or  entrust  II.  o. 
Sent,  as  a  deputy.     III.  n,     A  person  appointed  and  -cut 


I  i         0  ••'':   not,  or;  full.  rQle;  I>ut.  I.flrn; 

f§rn;  hit,  loo;  I   >•;  I  —  I;  gO,  not,  or,  woo,   Ti2 


. 


.intitule. 


Ill 

.Irlfl. 
Jrlf. 


.1.  Ill      « 


Otmmm 

ttm  ■■:■- 

- 


ugn 

,:.-.  i"l 

■  ■    • 
I      .:•..'...   pp     .1 

,i  i  orcan- 

<  Saua- 

il .   |m  run  IOUS       I  < 

■  NOISOMI 

,1,1  .  -i.   rt-oua-npM, 

■  henware  made 
I,  :iiH.iit    1310;  hem 

[landa. 
,mi  i  im>i>    34.000),  W 

.:  m  ;  pop  391 
apllal  of  India  since 

!><-    Il-iii.   . 

.1.  -hi.  .  r-jl.  .     . 

I .  .-i.  in  the  mind;  take  ooun- 

ite;  stop  and 

from,   +  liber  o, 

9gn.  <iri.nt<\  meditate,  ponder, 

.  \al(  I,  ;>">ittt  rs. 
always  imply  two  or 
atorr  prnh  .  vcrpt   In  ran-  rcllexlve  use. 

single  Individual,  is 
at  nunilH-r.  while  consult  Is  ordinarily 
on  aflsemblj 
•  i  in-  idea  ot  alow  ness;  a  con- 
with  a 
l.i-   purt,.  .-..l. --       See  i  us- 
auMUi.    ii.n-ii.t.    «  ili-llb'er-afer,    de-llb'er-a"- 

iit-hi.  .r-.ii..        i.         og  with  deliberation;  alow  and 

.   it    sudden  or 

ll.      <lc-llb'er-ale-l),   ndr. — dc- 
lli,  •  -  .1.  -llli"ir-a'llon,  n       1.1  hi 

Lre  In  deciding  or  acting,   :j. 
ieflection;  in.. i  i. in 
i.  .  r-a-ii>  .-  .        i.  |     tain  og  to  or  ..f  tin-  native 
ed  by  nr  existing  for  dellbera- 
-I) .  -n- 

ill  I  i--  l.-l'i-k  ■   a     1.  Fine  and  ligl 

'.'.-•  ;   ■  using;  delightful.    8. 

4.  Easily  injured;  ten- 
ng  cautious  treatment.    <». 
7.  i   istidious; 
iti  .... .  -•  nsitive.    9t- Volup- 
-  taing,  <  de,  from, 

ili-l  'l-catc-lj  , 

■  |.  i  I--  del 'i-ca-<) ,  r,    [-caet.pl.]   1. 

fineness;  daintiness: 

•»-:.-:•..-.•-:.•-.-   rnufllitj       Z.   \    .    irj    dainty.     S.  Subtlety: 

t    Refinement  of  feeling; 

fastkltousoen;  consideration  for  others       5   .   VoluptUOUS- 

oaa.  luiurtouancaa. 

it  I   i-    ■  .-'.■■-'i'-ii,  a  pi. 

■"-■  -  a     Extremely  plea- 

•  i-.-    ■  irat.fji    :i?:  ,r  :;../  .-x.pii-ite.  pleasure.     [<   I.. 

•larrn.) 

:j,  savory.  That 

■  '.ii  at  once  vivid  ami 

mil  smell: 

b  is  a  kindred  but 

lining  ton 

bJefiy  to  cooked 
Delightful 

ed  for  that  which  Ls  mental 
■  tota  has  a  limited  me  In  tin-  Wfl 

inlcally 
i  rnnpare 
loathsome,  nauseous,  re- 
pulsive  unpalatabl. 

d(-ir«-luu>-l>,  ids.—  de-U'rlous-nesa,  n. 


tWIdara 

<:.-..•-»•-■ 


food  made  palat 


.■■--ii.  f '.  l  «ii  lik t ' .  2  .I.- Mrt'.  n  \n  offenae;  ■  misde- 
i  <    de,  awaj .    i  linquo,  leave,] 

il.-litiit ''.  1  .Ii -Inn  . 2  il.  in',  <■  1. 1  To  pleaae  or  gra> 
ii\  Itighlj  -  charm  II.  i  To  feel  a  deep  and  tendei 
mi.  i,  .i .  rejoice:  followed  by  in  or  an  infinitive.    |< 

I.  deltcto,  -    delicto,  charm  |    Syn.:  sit  riumi; 

t  Ml  III   UN       It  Ml  1    HI    .    II  Ul-ll       1,1    mi.    I 

,i. -iiuhi  i-ii.  pa     i.  Hlghlj  pleased:  Joyful)}  gratified, 
tf,    tffordlna  delight;  charming     s.vn.:  see  havfi      <!«•- 
light  'ed-lj .  "i'' 
de-llght',        Qn  t1  pleasure,  gratification,  or  joyful  sat- 
isfaction, nr  thai  which  affords  It.     Bya  :  ase  i  ntertain- 

«l\l      II  M-i-isi  BB, 

tlf-lliclii  Tul.  1  di  i.nt'iiil;  2  a.-  in  tni.  ./.  Affording  de- 
light; extn  in.  U  gratifying; charming. 

e,  a  eeable,  congenial,  delicious,  grateful, 
gratifying,  pleasant,  pleasing,  pleasurable,  refreshing,  satis- 
fying, welcome,  AgreeabU  refers  to  whatever  gives  a  mild 
■  of  pleasure;  as,  an  aoresoM  perfume,  Acceptabh  in- 
.ii.  .it.  i  a  i hum  in  be  worthy  of  acceptance;  as,  on  oca  ptabU 
offering.  Orate/vl  Is  stronger  than  agreeable  or  gratifying. 
Indicating  whatever  awakens  a  feeling  akin  to  gratitude  \ 
pleasant  face  and  pleasing  mannersarouse  pleasurabU  i  n  is 
in. ns.  and  make  tin-  possessor  an  agreeablt  companion;  if 
posM  seed  of  Intelligence,  vivacity,  and  goodness,  sm-h  a  pi-r- 
aon's  surlily  win  in-  delightful.  Criminals  may  find  each 
other's  company  congenial,  but  scarcely  delightful,  satisfy- 
ing iiriinii-s  anything  that  Is  received  with  calm  acqulea- 
ri-iuT.  as  BUbstantlaJ  food,  nr  established  truth.  That  is 
toelcomt  which  is  received  with  Joyful  heartiness;  as,  welcomi 

tidings.     Sit  BEAUTIFUL;  ri  I  mi. mim;;  DKLIi  101  B;  0BAT1  i  I  i.; 

bappt;  lovslt.     Ant.:  depressing,  disappointing,  dlstrees- 

in«.  hateful,  horrible,  melancholy,  miserable,  mournful,  pain- 
ful, saddening,  woful,  wretched, 

d^-llftlit  'ful-ly,     ndr.  -  de-llght 'ful-ncss,     n. — de- 
llttht  soiiie,  a.    Delightful,    -ly,  ndr.    -ness.  n. 
Dc-li'lah,  1  ili-lol'lii;  2  dc-II'la,  n.    A  l'hilislinc  courtezan  who 
betrayed  Samson:  heme,  a  temptress.    J  mines  xvi,  4-20. 

de-iiuiii.  l  dl-llm'it; :.'  de-lImTt,  it.    To  prescribe  the  limits 

nf;  bound.    [<  F.  delimiter,  <  L.  de,  from,  +  limit.]— de- 

llni"l-ta'th»ii,  n. 
de-lln'e-ate,  1  di-lin'i-St;  2  de-l&rVat,  vt.    [-at"edi1;  -at"- 

im;.]    1.  To  draw  in  outline;  trace  out.    '*.  To  portray; 

depict;  describe.    [<  L.  delinealus,  <  de,  <>ff,  +  linea, 

LINE.]  S.V11.:  see  nun  MSCRIBE.  dl'-llll"(-a  'tloil,  n.  1. 
The  arl  nr  art  Of  delineating.  'I.  A  portraiture;  sketch. 
de-lln'c-a-ment ;;  de-lln'e-a-turet.  Syn.:  see  PICTTJEE; 
sketch,  de-llii'e-a"tor,  n. 
de-lin'queiit,  1  di-lirj'kwent;  2  (li-liij'kwent.  I.  a.  1. 
Neglectful  of  or  failing  in  duty  or  obligation;  faulty.  2. 
Due  ami  unpaid,  as  taxes.  II.  n.  <  >ne  who  fails  to  per- 
form a  duty  or  who  commits  a  fault.  |<  L.  delin- 
quen(t-)s,  ppr.,  <  de.  from,  +  lingua,  leave.]-  de-lln'quen- 
cy,  n.  [-iiKsz,  /»/.]  The  state  or  fact  of  being  delinquent; 
neglect:  fault;  offense;  misdemeanor.      S.V11-. 

SIN. 

del"l-quesce',  1  del*i-kwes';2d61*i-kwes',»t.  [-quesced''; 
-yi  Ksr'iMi  |  To  become  liquid  by  absorption  of  mois- 
ture from  the  air;  pass  away  gradually.  [  <  L.  ile-,  DE-, 
+  itqutn,  be  fluid.]  del'l-guatet;  de-lii|'ul-atej.— del"l- 
ques'cence,  n.  de-llq"ul-a'tlont.  (lel"l-ques'cent,  a. 
1.  Liquefying  In  the  air.  2.  Hut.  Dissolving  or  disappear- 
Ing,  as  a  stem  lost  In  the  branches 

de-lir'i-ous,  1  di-lir'i-us;  2  de-llr'i-iis,  a.  Suffering  from 
delirium.  Syn.:  see  insane.— de-llr'i-ous-ly,  adv.— de- 
llr'l-ous-ness,  ■ 

(k-lir'i-um,  1  di-lir'i-um;  2  de-llr'i-iim,  n.  1.  Mental 
aberration,  as  in  fever;  wandering  of  tin-  mind.  'I.  In- 
tense  excitement;  frenzy;  rapture.  [1^.,  <  delirus, 
crazy.  <  d< ,  from  -I-  lira,  furrow]    Syn.:  see  insanity. 

— de-llr'l-um  fre'mens,  a  violent  form  of  delirium,  as 
from  excessive  use  of  alcoholic  liquors  or  narcotics. 

de-llv'er,  1  di-liv'ar;  2  de-IIv'er,  vt.  1.  To  free  from  re- 
straint; set  free;  rescue;  release;  save:  with  from.  2.  To 
hand  over;  transfer;  give;  give  up;  communicate:  with 
:{.  To  relieve  of  a  child  in  parturition:  often  with  of. 
4.  To  utter;  speak  formally  or  officially.  5.  To  send 
forth;  discharge.  6t«  To  exhibit;  describe.  [<  F. 
detirrer.  <  L.  de,  from,  +  Hbero,  LD3EHATE.] 

Syn.:  discharge,  emancipate,  free,  liberate,  ransom,  re- 
deem,  rescue,  save,  set  free.  Bee  otve;  release.  Ant.: 
betray,  capture,  confine,  enslave,  Imprison,  Incarcerate,  op- 
press.—  Prep.:  deliver  from  an  enemy;  deliver  to  the  author- 
ities; deliver  (a  speech)  at  a  place,  in  a  hall,  on  a  platform, 
befort  an  audience. 

de-llv'er-a-bl(eI>,  a.  That  may  or  can  be  delivered. — 
de-llv'er-ance,  u.  I.  The  act  nr  delivering;  rescue;  release. 
'£.  An  expression  of  opinion.  :i.  Parturition.-  de-llv'er-er, 
n.— de-llv'er-y,  n.  [-EEB*,  jil.\  1.  The  act  of  delivering; 
liberation:  release:  transference:  surrender.  2.  Parturition. 
3.  Mode  of  utterance,  as  In  public  speaking  or  singing. 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    rj  =  smff;   Chin,  thia.  delete 

223    2:  wplf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this,   democracy 


dell,  )  1  del;  2  del,  n.    A  small  secluded  valley;  glen;  dale. 

delp,  U  <  D.  deUe,  dal,  dale.] 

de-lo'cal-ize,  1  dl-16'kal-aiz;  2  de-lo'eal-Iz,  vt.  To  free  from 
local  relations;  enlarge  the  scope  of;  broaden. 

De  Long,  1  da  Ion;  2  de  long,  George  Washington  (1844- 
1881).    An  American  arctic  explorer. 

De'los,  1  di'les;  2  de'los,  re.  One  of  the  Cyclades;  reputed 
birthplace  of  Apollo  and  Artemis. — Dc'li-an,  a.  &  re. 

Del 'phi,  1  del'fai;  2  del'fi,  re.  An  ancient  town,  Phocis, 
Greece;  famous  for  its  oracle  of  Apollo. — Del'phi-an,  a.  & 
n.  Dei-phln'1-ant. — Del'phic,  a.  Relating  to  Apollo  or 
his  oracle  at  Delphi;  also,  ambiguous.  — Delphie  oracle,  the 
most  famous  of  ancient  oracles,  that  of  Apollo;  the  sayings  of 
Its  priestess,  Pythia,  were  often  ambiguous. 

del'phln,  1  del'fin;  2  del'fin.  I.  o.  1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a 
dolphin  or  to  a  family  of  cetaceans  (the  Dclphinidx) ,  includ- 
ing dolphins,  porpoises,  etc.  2.  Pertaining  to  the  dauphin  of 
France,  as  the  Dclphin  classics,  prepared  for  the  use  of  the 
son  of  Louis  XIV.  by  French  scholars.  II.  re.  Chem.  A  neu- 
tral fat  contained  In  the  oil  of  certain  dolphins.  [  <  L.  del- 
pMnus,  <  Gr.  delphin,  dolphin.]— del-phin'lc,  a.  Of,  per- 
taining to,  or  derived  from  a  dolphin  or  from  the  larkspur 
(Delphinium) . 

Del"sarte',  1  del'sart';  2  del"sSrt',  Francois  A.  N.  C.  (1811- 
1871).  A  French  elocutionist;  founder  of  the  Delsarte  sys- 
tem of  dramatic  training. — Del-sar'ti-an,  a.  Del-sar'te- 
ant. 

del'ta,  1  del'ta;  2  del'ta,  re.  1.  The  fourth  letter  in  the 
Greek  alphabet  (A,  5).  2.  A  triangular  alluvial  deposit 
at  or  in  the  mouth  of  a  river.  3.  Anything  triangular. — 
del'told.  I.  a.  1.  Shaped  like  a  delta;  triangular.  2.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  the  deltoid.  II.  re.  A  triangular  muscle  of  the 
shoulder  and  upper  arm.    dei-toi  'dal;. 

de-lude',  1  di-liiid';  2  de-lud',  vt.  [de-lud'ed"1;  de-lud'- 
ing.]  1.  To  mislead  the  mind  or  judgment  of;  beguile; 
deceive.  2t-  To  evade;  elude.  [<  L.  de,  off,  -f-  ludo, 
play.]     Syn.:  see  deceive;  mislead.— de-Iud'er,  re. 

del'uge,  1  del'yuj;  2  del'yug.  1.  vt.  [del'uged;  del'ug- 
ing.]  To  overwhelm  with  water;  inundate;  submerge. 
II.  re.  1.  A  great  flood;  inundation,  as  in  the  time  of 
Noah  (Gen.  vii).  2.  Anything  that  comes  like  a  flood. 
[  <  F.  deluge,  <  L.  diluvium,  <  diluo,  dilute.1 

de-lu'sion,  1  di-liu'3an;  2  de-lii'zhon,  re.  1.  The  state 
of  being  deluded;  a  false  belief,  especially  when  per- 
sistent, of  what  has  no  existence  in  fact.  2.  The  act  of 
deluding;  deception. 

Syn.:  error,  fallacy,  hallucination,  illusion,  fantasm.  A 
delusion  is  a  mistaken  conviction,  an  illusion  a  mistaken  per- 
ception or  inference.  An  illusion  may  be  wholly  of  the  sens- 
es; a  delusion  always  involves  some  mental  error.  In  an 
optical  illusion  the  observer  sees  either  what  does  not  exist, 
or  what  exists  otherwise  than  as  he  sees  it,  as  when  in  a 
mirage  distant  springs  and  trees  appear  close  at  hand.  We 
speak  of  the  illusions  of  fancy  or  of  hope,  but  of  the  delu- 
sions of  the  insane.  A  hallucination  is  a  false  image  or  belief 
which  has  nothing,  outside  of  the  disordered  mind,  to  sug- 
gest it;  as,  the  hallucinations  of  delirium  tremens.  Compare 
deception;  insanity. — Ant.:  actuality,  certainty,  fact, 
reality,  truth,  verity. 

— de-lu'slv(e9,  a.  Tending  to  delude:  misleading;  decep- 
tive, de-lu'so-ryf.  Syn.:  see  deceptive;  vain. — de-lu'- 
slv(e-lys,  adv.— de-lu'siv(e-nesss,  n. 

de  luxe.    See  under  luxe. 

delv(es,  1  delv;  2  delv,  vt.  &  vi.  delv(e)db;  delv'ino.] 
To  dig,  as  with  a  spade;  penetrate;  fathom;  make  labo- 
rious research.    [  <  AS.  del/an.] — delv'er,  re. 

Dei 1 1.,  abbr.    Democrat,  Democratic. 

dem'a-gog,       /  1  dem'a-gog;  2  dtim'a-gog,  n.    1.  One  who 

dem'a-gogue,  )  leads  the  populace  by  pandering  to  their 
prejudices  and  passions;  an  unprincipled  politician.  2. 
Anciently,  any  popular  leader  or  orator.  [  <  Gr.  demos, 
people,  +  ago,  lead.] — dem"a-gog'Ie  or-l-cal, «.-  dem'a- 
gog-lsm,  n.  dem'a-gogu-er-yi;  dem'a-gogu-lsm  | ; 
dem'a-gog-yi. 

de-main',    I  1  di-mSn';  2  de-man',  re.    1.  A  manor  house 

de-mesne',  £  and  adjoining  lands;  landed  estate;  domain. 
2t-  Dominion;  sovereignty.  [<  OF.  demaine,  var.  of 
domaine;  see  domain.) 

de-mand'"1, 1  di-mand';  2  de-mand',  b.  I.  t.  1.  To  claim 
as  due;  ask  for  peremptorily;  insist  upon.  2.  To  have 
pressing  need  for;  require.  3||.  To  ask  or  question  for- 
mally or  authoritatively;  interrogate.  II.  i.  To  inquire 
urgently,  authoritatively,  or  peremptorily.  [<  L.  de, 
from,  +  mando,  order.] 

Syn.:  ask,  ask  for,  call  for,  challenge,  claim,  exact,  re- 
quest, require.  Demand  Is  a  determined  and  often  an  ar- 
rogant word;  one  may  rightfully  demand  what  Is  his  own 
or  his  due,  when  It  Is  withheld  or  denied;  or  he  may  wrong- 
fully demand  that  to  which  he  has  no  claim  but  power. 
Require  is  less  arrogant  and  obtrusive  than  demand,  but  ih 

exceedingly  strenuous;  as,  the  court  requires  the  attendance 
of  witnesses.     Request  Is  milder  than  demand  or  require;  a 

/ 


creditor  may  demand  or  require  payment;  a  friend  requests 
a  favor.  We  may  speak  of  a  humble  request,  but  not  of  a 
humble  demand.  Compare  ask. — Ant.:  decline,  deny,  re- 
fuse, reject,  repudiate. — de-mand 'a-bl(ep, a. — de-man'* 
dant,  n.    One  who  demands;   plaintiff, — de-mand  'er,  n. 

de-mand  '.  n.  1.  The  act  of  demanding,  or  that  which  is 
demanded;  requirement;  claim;  need.  2.  A  desire  to 
obtain;  call.  3.  Law.  (1)  An  actionable  claim.  (2)  The 
act  of  requesting  payment  or  performance  of  what  is 
due.     4||.  Inquiry.     Syn.:  see  tax. 

de"mar-ea'tion,  1  dt"mar-ke'shan;  2  de"mar-ea'shon,  n. 
The  fixing  of  boundaries  or  limits;  limitation;  discrim- 
ination; the  limit  or  line  fixed.  [  <  de-  +  LL.  mnrcatus, 
marked,  <  OHG.  marca,  bound]  de"mar-ka'tlont.— 
de-mar'cate,  vt. 

de"marche',  1  de'marsTi';  2  de'march'.  n.  IF.]  1.  <  hange 
in  method  of  action.    2.  Manner  of  procedure;  step;  walk. 

de-mean'1,  1  di-mln';  2  de-men',  vt.  1.  To  behave;  con- 
duct: used  reflexively.  2||.  To  direct;  carry  on;  control; 
conduct.  [  <  F.  demener.  <  di-,  down,  +  L.  minor,  menace.] 

de-mean'2,  vt.    To  degrade:  a  misuse  of  demean1. 

de-mean 'or,  1  di-min'ar;  2  de-men'or,  n.  Behavior; 
bearing;  deportment;  mien,  de-mean 'ourj.  Syn.:  see 
air2,  re.;  behavior;  manner. 

de-ment'ed,  1  di-ment'ed;  2  de-m8nt'6d,  pa.  Deprived 
of  reason;  insane,  de-ment'atej.— de-men'ti-a,  n. 
Loss  or  impairment  of  the  faculty  of  coherent  thought; 
Insanity.  [L.,  <  de,  from,  +  men(t-)s,  mind.]  Syn.:  see  in- 
sanity. 

de-mer'lt,  1  di-mer'it;  2  de-mer'it,  re.  1.  Ill  desert;  mis- 
conduct. 2.  In  schools,  a  mark  for  failure  or  miscon- 
duct.   [  <  L.F  de-  priv.  +  mereo,  deserve.] 

de-mersed',  1  di-mOrst':  2  de-murst',  pa.  Bot.  Situated  or 
growing  under  water,  as  leaves  of  aquatic  plants;  submersed. 
[  <  L.  demcrsus,  pp.,  <  de,  down,  +  mcrgo,  dip.] 

de-mesne',  re.    Same  as  demain. 

De-me'ter,  1  di-mi'tar;  2  de-me'ter,  re.  Myth.  Goddess  of  the 
fruitful  earth,  agriculture,  marriage,  and  fertility;  by  the 
Romans  identified  with  Ceres. 

dem'l-,  1  dem'i-;  2  dfim'i-,  prefix.  Half:  often  written 
with  a  hyphen,  as  if  a  full  word  in  composition.  [F.,  < 
demi,  half.] — dem'i-god,  re.  The  fabled  offspring  of  a  god 
and  a  mortal;  a  godlike  man;  hero. 

dem'i-jobn,  1  dem'i-jen;  2  d8m'i-jon,  n.  A  jug=like 
glass  vessel  enclosed  in  wickerwork.  [  <  Ar.F  damajana, 
<  Damagan,  a  town  in  Persia] 

dem'i-iuonde",  1  dem'i-mend";  2  dem'i-mond",  n.  A  class 
of  women  of  equivocal  reputation.     [F.] 

dem"i=plque',  1  dem"i=pik';  2  de.m"i*pik',  n.  A  saddle  with 
a  pommel  half  the  height  of  that  of  a  military  saddle. 

dem'i-qua"ver,  re.  Mus.  A  sixteenth  note;  semiquaver. — 
dem'i sre-iief",  re.  A  sculpture  or  decoration  of  medium 
relief;  mezzo=rilievo.  dem"isrl-lle'voJ:.— dem'l-rep",  re. 
A  woman  of  questionable  chastity.  [  +  rcp-  (in  reputation).] 

de-mise',  1  di-maiz';  2  de-mi?',  v.  [de-mised';  de-mis'- 
ing.]  I.t.  1.  To  bestow  by  will ;  bequeath ;  give.  2.  To 
convey  for  life  or  for  a  term  of  years;  lease.  II.  i.  To 
pass  by  will  or  inheritance. 

de-mise',  re.  Death,  as  of  a  sovereign;  a  transfer  or  con- 
veyance of  rights  or  estate.  [  <  F.  cWmcttre  (pp.  dimis) , 
resign.] 

dem'hsem'l,  a.  Half-half;  quarter;  as,  "the  demUscmi 
statesmen  of  the  present  age."— dem'l-sem"l-qua'ver,  re. 
Mus.  A  note  of  the  value  of  J  of  a  quaver;  a  thirty-second 
note. 

de-mis 'slon,  1  di-misTi'an;  2  de-mish'on,  re.  A  giving  up  or 
relinquishment,  as  of  an  office;  resignation.  [<  L.  dl- 
missio(n-) .) 

de-mlt'1,  1  di-mit';  2'de-mlt',  vt.  [de-mit'ted"1  ;  de-mit'tino.] 
1.  To  give  up,  lay  down,  or  resign.  2t.  To  release;  dismiss. 
[<  I.,  dtmitto;  see  demise,  n.] 

de-mlt'2t,  vt.  1.  To  drop;  depress.  2.  To  lower;  bumble. 
[<  L.  demitlo,  <  de,  down,  +  mitto,  send.] 

de-mlt',  re.     A  letter  of  dismissal;  a  recommendation. 

dem'I'tasse",  n.  [F.]  Literally,  half-cup;  specif.,  a  small 
cup  in  which  black  coffee  Is  served. 

dem'i=tlnt",  n.    Paint.    A  half-tint. 

dem'l-urge,  1  dem'i-urj;  2  dem'l-tirg,  n.  In  Plato's  philoso- 
phy, the  creator  of  the  material  universe;  In  the  GnOBtlo  sys- 
tems, the  Jewish  Jehovah  as  an  emanation  of  the  Supremo 
Being,    [<  Qr. dBmiourgoB.]    dem"l-ur'gusj. 

dem'Lvolt",  re.  Mantge.  One  Of  the  seven  artificial  move- 
ments of  a  horse,  consisting  of  a  half-turn  with  the  fore 
legs  raised. — dem'l»wolf",  re.  A  mongrel  between  a  wolf 
and  a  dog. 

de-nio'bll-l/.e,  1  dl-mo'bil-nlz  or  dl-mob'il-ol/,;  2  dfvmo'bll- 
17,  or  d6-mob  11-12,  Vt.  To  change,  as  troops,  from  a  war  to  a 
peace  footing.     de-nio"l>ll-l-/,a 'I Ion,  n. 

de-moe'ra-ey,  1  di-mek'r8-si;2de-moVra-cy, re,  [-ciebz, 
pi.]    1.  ( lovernment  directly  by  the  people  oollectively; 

a  govern n lent  so  conducted  ;  the  mass  ol  the  people.  2. 
(D-]  The  principles  of  the  I  >,  nm,  iitir  party,  or  its  mem- 


D-movrli.    -  .  ,.        „        B        l.ul.l.ftrn; 

,  ...  I        ■  .  gO,  ll.V.Ol,  »o„.    ..., 


.1.  i ral  i 

.«,-■-     I.         ..••!.,  i    rViumnl  'the  Inughlllli    : 

!>' • 

I.    Ml 

\  imldlaii 

.    \ 

v  building. 
tn...-  ■    .en  reduced  In 

round;  U 
■    .*  hethrr  or  no! 

by  tin 

human 
-.: .:  build,  eon- 

..-II  •tlim.  .        .    •  or  r. - 

lll'-llllll  I- ll-lll •  I.I 
1.   \n  evil  spin! ;  devil; 
8.  rnatural 

da  in. hi   i  .1.1 '. . I. -11111- 

I  .  demon  or  evil  Bplrll ; 

.1.     iiio-iiI    i-<  .il : :    ili-mi.n'li     :    d.c-inoii'lc: . 

1 1  .  me  possessed  of  a  d 

do" -mi   i-i  ii-i> .  «l « •  '- 

.1.  '1111111- 

.... n-.. i  .i-ir  ol  demons.    [  + 

dr"mon-ol'o-ry,  ■      The  study  of 

.1.      III.. I.-" I    n-vl-l.     . 

i  .  .1 ii  - 1  r . .  'i •  ■     >riBI  ratlvc. 

i-i  Li/.  .  a-clx,  ri.    To  re- 

monk.] 
p-tln        -ii-.-.  l  di-munVtau;  2  de-moii'i-tlc, 
.  ird  money. — 
-•  -/ 1  i  Ion       --.i  'Hon,  n 


dr>i:t«h 


.1.  Ill    ..II--I  I  . 


,    -tr  i-lil   .     . 
ill'. ll    -ira-M 
lieu.   -tr.i-hl\  . 
i].m    ..  ii-  - 1  r .»  'Ilmi.      1 


2  d£m'- 

LT*DfG.] 

■  linty.    2.  To  teach 

.my.     3.  To  point 

how.] — 

t  posit  ne» 

•  I  •  -  on  •  ii  '-tra-  bill- 1>  ;.— de- 


i  If  m"on- 
I .  •  ition.     2.  A 

in  absolutely  certain 
:(.   .       exhibition  and 

in  anatomy.     4.  A  public 
.  I'ln.'iatiou,  affection,  or 

Sro.-  em..  >n,  consequence,  deduction,  evl- 

ration.  In  the 
..id  proper  *■•  >o/,  and  gives 

t  heap 

oning; 
there 

•  the  absolute 
and  nttewnr  ertaln  premises;  an 

!  which  known  facts, 
statements,  or  admission.-  <).  i  >.•-;.  do  nut  ab- 

aoiuiHr  establish:  sound  premises,  together  with  their 
sary  Is  that 

• 
all  knowiedi-  complete,  trre- 

i 
a<-<-i--  Moral  a  r- 

matter 
beyond  reasonable  ■  : 
ftration.     Com  par- 

■  -■<    .        I.  a.    1.  Saving  the  power  of 
2. 
II.  ■   demon- 

-!..  -in--.         demonstrative 

in 

dem'on- 

«tra"tor.         ]  :emonstratea.    2.  Specif.,  one  who 


U,./.    I. 
[  <   L.  rfs, 

1-MIliHI   ll', 


ii.  anatomy, 

dl  in   ..ii  —  I  r  , 

ill  -in. ir    il-l/e        -Im\  1  dl  mi  noi    .1  ts,    ' 

I .    I  . .  .      rupt  or  depravi       '.'.    ro  disorjrii  nise 

ili-mor 'al-!-/a'lli>n.     -sa'- 
iluii. 

Ill- -.    I  Ill-lies,     1    il!    IIHis'lhl    ill/;   :_•   ll 'the    in   ;.    II.       All 

I 

il.  -lii.il  'Ii  .   1  ■  fining  to  the 

i»  opli  I ' pllllod  form  ol  the  blei  il  lo 

I      pi      i      i  .i    ,:,  motttot,   -    iii  urns, 

■  V  I 

■  i.  - i  .i-i.i  i-  .  i  dl-maunfe-bl;    :.'   dfi-mount'a-bl,  a. 

q»j  i„  oasll)  taken  apart,  as  a  rim  ol  an  automobile 

iiriiin'-ter.  i  demp'ster;  8  demp'ster,  n.    I.  \  deemster.    2. 

\  ■'  DEEM      Udge.]     llelllSler!. 

ile-. mil  '< -nil,  1  di-mul'sent;  2  de-mfil'cent, 
ni;.     II.  r»,    A  soothing  application, 
dim  ii  troke  I 

ile-llllir',     1     di-niur';    8    ile-mur'.       I. 

-mi  ini"";  -\n  k'him;  ]    1.  To  offer  objecti 

'.'.  ro  delay ;  hesitate,  II.  n.  A  Buspension  of 
decision  or  action;  hesitation;  objection.  [<  L.  de, 
from.  delay.] 

de-mure'ti  r<     To  \'«>k  demurely, 
tie- 1 1  mi  re',  1  di-miur/;  2  de-mttr,  a.    1.  Saving  a    edate 
odesl  demeanor.    2.  Affecting  modesty;  prim 

.  of  manners.]  Syn.:  BeeaERious.  -  de-mare'- 
l\ .  tlc-iiuirc'ncss.  ,i. 

de-mur'rage,  1  di-inOr'ij:  3  de-mur'ag,  n.  Com.  Law.  (1) 
The  detention  ol  a  vessel  or  conveyance  by  a  freighter  be- 
yond the  specified  time.    (2)  Compensation  (or  such  delay. 
trage,  <  <u  morer,  demi  b.] 
ili-niiir'ral,  i  di-mur'al;  2  dc-mur'ai,  n.    Hesitation;  delay: 
demur.  [murs. 

tle-tmir'rer1,  1  di-muVar;  2  de-mur'er,  n.    One  who  de- 
ile-nnir'rer ',  n.   haw.  A  pleading  which  denies  thai  valid 
an  i    ue  on  a  question  ol  law. 

tle-ni)  ',  1  di-nidl':  2  de-my'.  n.     [DE-MIXS'Z,  />/.)     1.  A  Blze  "f 

paper.    2.  A  half-fellow  nr  scholar  of  Magdalen  College, 

Oxford.    de-ml'J.    [<  F.  demi.] 
den,  pi.    To  dwell  as  In  a  den. 
den,  1  den;  2  dSn,  n.    1.  A  cavern  occupied  by  animals;  a 

lair.    2.  A  low  haunt.    3.   [Colloq.]  A  room  for  privacy ; 

sanctum.    [<   A*,  derm.]  Syn.:  sec  hole. 
Den.,  nhbr.    Denmark. 
de-na'rl-us  1  di-ne'n-us;  2  tle-na'ri-fls.  n.     [-BI-I,  pi]  Rom. 

AnliQ.   A  silver  coin,  worth  17  cents;  the  penny  of  the  New 
iiii-nt;    also,    later,    a   .small    copper   coin.      Denarius 

wa.s  the  Latin  name  of  the  Kmilish  pen- 
ny, the  Initial  of  which  ts  preserved  in 

"L.  s.  d."    [L.] 
den'a-ry.   1   den'a-n:   2  den'a-ry.     I.  n. 
lining  ten;  decimal.  II.  n.  [-biesz, 

pi.]    1.  The  number  10.    'i.  A  denarius. 
[<    L.  denarius,    <    dent,  by  tens,   < 
ten.] 

de-na'(lon-al-lze,  /   1   dl-nash'an-Bl-alz; 

de-na'tlon-al-lse,  \  2  de-nash'on-al-iz, 
rt.  1.  To  deprive  of  national  character 
or  rights.  2.  To  change  the  nationality 
of.— de-na"tlon-al-l-za'tlon  or  -sa'- 
i  inn.  n. 

de-nat 'u-ral-lze,  /  1  d!-nacli'u-[or   -nat'- 

de-nat  'u-ral-lse.  j  yu-]ral-aiz;2de-nach'- 
u-['/r  -nafyu-]ral-Iz,  rt.  1.  To  render 
unnatural.  2.  To  deprive  of  naturali- 
zation nr  citizenship;   denationalize. 

(le-na'ture,  1  dl-ne'chur  or  -tiur;  2  de- 

nft'Chur   or  -tfir.    Vt.   [-Tt'KF.n; -Ttlt-INO.]   B,im-n  rtpnarliia 
TO  Change  the  nature  or  qualities  of,  as  Roman  Denarius. 
tea  or  alcohol  by  adulteration.    de-na'tur-!zc$.— dc-na"- 
lur-a'tlon,  n. 

de-nay 't.    I.tt.    To  deny.    II.  n.    Denial. 

den'dr-,    /  1  den'dr-,  den'dro-;  2  den'dr-,  dCn'dro-.     From 

den 'dro-.  J  Greek  ilmdron,  tree:  combining  forms.— den'- 
drl-form,  n.  Like  a  tree  In  structure:  tree=shaped.  [  + 
den'drlte,  n.  Mineral.  1.  Any  mineral  crystal- 
•  in  a  branching  tree-like  form.  2.  A  rock  or  mineral 
with  tree-like  markings.— den-drlt'lc,  a.  1.  Resembling  a 
tree;  dendriform.  2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  dendrite,  den- 
drit'l-cai:.— den-drlt'l-cal-ly,  adv.— den'drold,  a.  Like 
a  tree:  dendriform;  dendritic.  [+om.]  den-drol'dalj.— 
ilen'dro-lltc,  n.  A  petrified  or  fossil  shrub,  plant,  or  part 
of  a  plant.  [  +  Or.  lithos,  stone.]— den-drol'o-gy,  n.  The 
natural  history  of  trees.  [+  -logy.]— dcn-drol'o-glst,  n.— 
den-drom'e-ter,  n.    An  Instrument  for  measuring  trees. 

[+  -IfETEB.] 

den  'e-gatet,  vt.    To  deny—  den"e-ga'tlont,  n. 

den'gue,  1  deo'gg;  2  den'ge.  n.     An  acute  tropical  epidemic 

ase.    [West'Indian  Sp.) 
de-ni'al,  1  di-nai'al;  2  de-ni'al,  n.    The  act  of  denying; 


1:8  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    n  =  sino;    fhin,    this.  DemocrltUS 
225  2:  wolf,  dfi;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,  burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  deplete 


contradiction;  disavowal;  non-compliance. — de-lli'er1, 

11.     One  who  makes  denial. 

de-nler'2, 1  di-nlr';  2  de-ner',  re.    An  old  silver  penny.    [F.] 

(len'lm,  1  den'im;  2  den'im,  re.  A  colored  twilled  cotton 
goods.    [<  F.  serge  dc  Nimes.] 

Dcn'ls,  1  den'is;  2  den'ls  (Fr.  1  da-nl';  2  de-ni').  Saint 
(     -272?)  The  first  bishop  of  Paris;  patron  saint  of  France. 

den'i-zen,  1  den'i-zn;  2  den'i-zn,  re.  One  who  lives  in  (a 
place);  a  citizen;  inhabitant.  [<  L.OF  de,  from,  intus, 
within,  <  in,  in.]— -_den"!-za'tion,  re.    den"i-zen-a'tionJ. 

Den 'mark,  1  den'mark:  2  den'mark,  n.  A  kingdom  (15,582 
sq.  m.;  pop.  2,940,970)  in  N.  W.  Europe. 

de-nom'i-nate,  1  di-nem'i-net;  2  de-nom'i-nat.  I.  vt. 
[-NAT"EDd;  -nat"ing.]  To  give  a  name  to;  call;  name. 
II.  a.  Arilh.  Made  up  of  units  of  a  designated  kind; 
concrete.  [  <  L.  denominatus,  pp.,  <  de,  from,  -f- 
nomen,  name.] — de-nom'i-na-bI(ep,  a. — de-nom 'i-na- 
tlv(e3,  a.  That  gives  or  constitutes  a  name;  appellative. — 
de-nom 'l-na"tor,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which  names. 
2.  That  term  of  a  fraction  which  expresses  the  number  of 
equal  parts  into  which  the  unit  is  divided. 

de-nom"i-na'tion,  1  di-nom"i-ne'sTi8n;  2  de-nom"i-na'- 
shon,  n,  1.  The  act  of  naming.  2.  A  class  designation; 
name;  epithet;  appellation.  3.  A  body  of  Christians 
having  a  distinguishing  name;  sect.  4.  Arilh.  A  class 
of  units  of  one  kind  and  name.  Syn.:  see  name;  sect. — 
de-nom"i-na'tion-ai,  a.    -al-ism,  re.    -al-ist,  n. 

de-note',  1  di-not';  2  de-not',  tl.  [de-not'ed^;  nE-NOT'iNG.) 
To  point  out;  represent;  signify;  serve  as  a  sign  of;  indicate; 
designate;  show.  [<  L.  denoto,  <  de,  down,  +  nolo, 
mark,  <  nota,  mark.]  Syn.:  see  import. —  de-not'a-bl(ep, 
a.— de"no-ta'tion,  n. — de-note'ment§,  n. 

de-noue'ment,  1  de-nfi'man;  2  de-nu'man,  n.  The  ca- 
tastrophe of  a  play  or  novel;  issue;  outcome.  [  <  F.  de, 
from,  +  noucr,  tie.]  de-nou'mentt.  Syn.:  see  catas- 
trophe. 

de-nounce',  1  di-nauns';  2  de-nounc',  vt.  [de-nounced'1; 
de-nodnc'ing.]  1.  To  attack  as  deserving  of  punish- 
ment, censure,  or  odium;  stigmatize;  arraign.  2.  To  in- 
form against;  accuse.  3.  To  threaten;  announce  threat- 
eningly, as  evil  or  vengeance;  menace.  4.  To  give  for- 
mal notice  of,  specif.,  of  the  termination  of  a  treaty- or 
convention.  [  <  L  op  de,  down,  +  nuntio,  announce.] 
Syn.:  see  condemn. 

— dc-nounce'ment,  re.— de-noune'er,  n.  [L.] 

de  no'vo,  1  dl  no'vo;  2  de  no'vo.    From  the  beginning;  anew. 

dense,  1  dens;  2  dens,  o.  [dens'er;  dens'est.  1.  Having 
its  parts  crowded  close  'ly  together ;  compact  in  structure ; 
thick;  close.  2.  Hard  to  penetrate;  obtuse;  stupid;  dull. 
[<  L.densus,  thick.]  Syn.:  see  hard;  impenetrable;  ob- 
scure.—dense'ly,  adv.— dense'ness,  n.— den'si-ty,  re. 
[-ties.  pi.]  1.  Denseness;  compactness.  2.  The  mass  or 
quantity  of  matter  of  a  substance  per  unit  of  Its  volume. 

dentd,  1  dent;  2  dent,  o.  1. 1.  To  make  a  dent  in;  indent. 
II.  i.    To  become  dented. 

dent,  n.    A  small  depression  made  by  striking  or  pressing; 
indentation.    [Var.  of  dint.] 
Syn::  see  blemish;  hole. 

dent2,  re.  1.  The  space  between  two  wires  in  the  reed  of  a 
loom.  2.  A  tooth,  as  of  a  comb,  etc.;  a  knob.  [F.,  <  L. 
den(t-)s,  tooth.] 

Dent.,  abbr.    Dental,  dentist,  dentistry. 

den'tal,  1  den'tal:  2  den'tal.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
the  teeth  or  dentistry.  II.  re.  A  sound,  as  that  of  d,  t, 
or  n,  produced  by  placing  the  tip  of  the  tongue  against 
or  near  the  front  teeth;  also,  a  letter  representing  such 
sound.  [<  L.  den(t-)s,  tooth.] — den'tate,  a.  Having 
teeth  or  tooth=llke  processes,    -ly,  adv. 

den'ti-,  1  den'ti-;  2  den'ti-.  From  Latin  den(t-)s,  tooth:  a 
combining  form. — den'tl-cle,  re.  A  small  toot  h,  or  tooth" 
like  process. — den-tic'u-Iate,  a.  Finely  dentate  or  toothed. 
den-tlc'u-lat"cd{.  —  den-tlc"u-la'tlon,  ».  dcn"ii-ti- 
ca'tion,  n.  The  formation  of  Iccl  h.  [+  L.  fuclo,  make;  see 
-FY.] — den'tl-form,  a.  Tooth-shaped.  [+  -FORM.]  den'- 
told;. — den'ti-frlre,  re.  A  preparation  for  cleaning  the 
teeth,    [+  is.frico,  rub.] 

den 'til,  1  den'tal;  2  den'tll,  re.  A  small  square  projecting 
block  In  a  cornice;  In  heraldry,  an  Indentation  or  notch.  [< 
i.i..  iii  ntillus,  dim.  or  [,,  den(P-)s,  tooth.]    den'ici;. 

den"tl-lin 'glial.  I.  n.  Formed  between  teeth  and  tongue. 
II.  n.  A  sound  so  formed.  Hn"gua-den'talt.  den'ti n, 
n.  The  hard  calcined  substance  tormina  the  body  of  a  tooth; 
Ivory,  den'tlnet-  den'tln-al. a.  den'tl-plioiic,  re.  An 
audiphone.    I      denti-,  h  Gr.  phOnl,  sound.] 

den'tist,  1  den'tist;  2  den'tist,  n.  One  who  operates  on 
the  teeth.-   den'tist-ry,  re.    Dental  surgery, 

den-ti'tlon,  1  den-tish'en;  2  dSn  0  h'on,  71  I.  Theproc 
ess  or  period  of  cutting  the  teeth;  teething,  2.  Zool.  The 

Bystem  or  arrangement  of  t.eet  h  peruliar  to  no  animal. 
den'told,  1  den'teld;  :i  den'told,  a.     Like  a  tooth;  tooth- 
shaped.    /<  L.  den(l-)s,  tooth,  -(-  -oid.] 


den'ty,  1  den'ti;  2  den'ty,  a.  [Scot]  Dainty,    den'tief. 

de-nude',  1  di-niud';  2  de-nud',  vt.  [de-nud'ed11;  de- 
nuding.] To  strip  the  covering  from;  make  naked. 
[<  L.  de,  from,  +  nvdus,  bare.]— de-nu'date,  a.  Naked; 
stripped  of  foliage  or  other  covering,  de-nu  'dat-cd  ; . — 
den"u-da'tion,  re.  The  act  of  denuding,  or  the  state  of 
being  denuded. 

de-nun"ci-a'tion,  1  di-nun"si-e'sTi8n;  2  de-nun"  ei-a'- 
shon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  denouncing;  arraignment;  ac- 
cusation; menace.  2f.  Announcement.  [<  L.  denun- 
clo;  see  denounce.]  Syn.:  see  oath;  reproof. — de-nun'- 
ci-ate§,  vt.  To  denounce. —  de-nun 'ci-a"tor,  n. —  de- 
nun 'ci-a-to-ry,  a.  Containing  denunciation;  threatening. 
de-nun 'cl-a-tlv(est. — de-nun 'cl-a-tive-Iy,  adv. 

Den'ver,  1  den'var;  2  den'ver,  n.  A  city  (pop.  245,523),  the 
capital  of  Colorado. 

de-ny',  1  di-nai';  2  de-ny',  v.  [de-nied';  de-ny'ing.]  1. 1. 
1.  To  declare  to  be  untrue.  2.  To  refuse  to  give,  ac- 
knowledge, or  permit;  withhold;  disown;  forbid.  3t- 
To  decline.  II.  i.  To  answer  in  the  negative;  say  "no"; 
declare  anything  to  be  untrue.  [  <  L.F  de-,  DE-,  +  nego, 
deny.]  Syn.:  see  renounce. 

de-ob'stru-ent,  1  di-eb'stru-ent;  2  de-ob'stru-ent.  Med.  I.  a. 
Having  the  power  to  remove  obstructions.  II.  re.  A  medi- 
cine for  removing  obstructions;  an  aperient. 

de'o-dand,  1  dl'o-dand;  2  de'o-dand,  re.  Old  Eng.  Laic.  Any 
personal  chattel  forfeited  to  the  crown  for  pious  uses.  [< 
■iAj.  deodandum,  <  L.  Deus,  God,  +  do,  give.] 

de'o-dar,  1  dl'o-dar;  2  de'o-diir,  n.  The  East=Indian  cedar 
(Cedrus  deodara) .   [Anglo* Ind.] 

de-o'dor-ize  or  -ise,  1  dl-o'dar-aiz ;  2  de-o'dor-iz,  vt. 
[-ized,  -ised;  -iz"ing,  -is"ing.]  To  modify  or  destroy 
the  odor  of,  as  by  disinfectants. — de-o"dor-i-za'tioh 
or  -sa'tion,  n. — de-o'dor-iz"er  or  -ls"er,  re.  de-o'dor- 
antt. 

de"on-tol'o-gy,  1  di'en-tol'0-ji;  2  de"6n-t61'o-gy,  re.  The 
science  of  moral  obligation  or  duty;  ethics.  [<  Gr.  deon 
(deont-),  necessity  (<  did,  bind),  +  -ology.]— de"on-tol'- 
o-gist,  re. 

de-ox 'i-dize, )  1  dl-eks'i-daiz ;  2  de-oks'i-dlz,  vt.  To  re- 
de-ox'i-dise,  )  move  oxygen  from;  reduce  from  the  state 
of  an  oxid.  de-ox 'i-datet.— de-ox"i-di-za'tion  or 
-sa'tion,  re.    de-ox"i-da'tiont. 

Dip.,  Dept.,  abbr.  Department,  deponent,  deputy. — dep., 
abbr.    Deposed. 

de-paint'||,  1  di-pent';  2  de-pant',  vt.    To  depict. 

de-part'd,  1  di-pSrt';  2  de-part',  v.  I.  (.  1||.  To  leave; 
quit.  2t- To  divide.  II.  i.  1.  To  go  away;  withdraw: 
followed  by  from.  2.  To  deviate;  differ;  vary:  followed 
by  from.  3.  To  leave  this  life;  die.  4f.  To  part;  share: 
followed  by  with.  [  <  OF.  departir,  <  L.  dispartio,  part, 
<  dis-,  Dis-,  +  pars,  part.]  Syn.:  see  abandon;  die;  es- 
cape.— de-part 'ment,  re.  1.  A  distinct  part;  a  division  or 
subdivision  as  of  an  organization,  a  business,  etc.  2.  A  sub- 
division of  territory,  as  for  military  purposes.  3.  [U.  S.]  A 
subdivision  of  a  governmental  organization;  as,  the  state 
department,  etc. — de"part-men'tal,  n.— de-par'ture,  re. 

I.  The  act  of  departing;  deviation;  death,  de-part'f;  de- 
part'y-cy-onf.  2.  Naitt.  The  distance  a  vessel  has  gone 
east  or  west  of  a  given  meridian. 

de-pas'ture§,  1  dl-pns'cliur  or  -tlur;  2  de-pas'chur  or  -tur,  vt. 
&vi.    To  pasture;  feed;  graze. 

de-pend''1,  1  di-pend';  2  de-pgnd',  vi.  1.  To  have  full  re- 
liance; trust:  with  on  or  upon.  2.  To  be  conditional  or 
contingent:  with  ore  or  upon.  3.  To  rely,  or  !»•  obliged 
to  rely,  as  for  support  or  supply.  4.  To  hang:  with  from. 
•"•  .  To  be  pending  or  in  suspense,  (if.  To  wait  expec- 
tantly. 7t»  To  impend.  81".  To  act  as  a  dependent.  Sif- 
To  wnit  in  suspense.  [<  I,,  r/c,  down,  I  prnriai.  bang  I 
Syn.:  see  lean1,  v.—  dc-pend 'a-bKi"",  a-  -ncss,  re.— de- 
pend'a-bly,  adv. 

de-pen 'dent,  1  di-pen'dent;  2  de-pen'dent.  I.  a.  1.  De- 
pending upon  something  exterior;  subordinate;  contin- 
gent: often  with  on  or  upon.    2.  Needing  support  or  aid; 

needy.      3.   Hanging  down;   pendent:   often   with  from. 

II.  n.     1.  One  who  looks  to  another  for  support  or  faVOl  . 

a  retainer.  2.  A  consequence;  corollary,  de-pen'- 
dantl.  S.vn.:  see  subject,  -ly,  adv.  de-pen 'dence,  n. 
i.  The  act  or  relation  of  dependng,  or  the  state  ol  being  de- 
pendent; hence,  reliance;  trust.  2,  Subordination  8. That 
on  which  one  relics,    de-pen 'dance! .     dc-pen'den-cy,  re. 

|  i  UBS",  pi.]    1.  That  which  Is  dependent,    '^-  A  subjeol  or 

tributary  state,    :t.  Dependence,    de-pen 'dan-cyj. 
de-pict",  I  di-pikt';2de-plct',  vt.    To  portray  or  picture; 

de  cribe  or  represent  vividly.    [<  L.  de,  down,  +pingo, 

paint  i    de-pic 'turet,-  de-plc'llon5,  it. 
(lep'i-lale.  1  dep'i-lel;  2  dCp'l-lllt,  Vt.    [-LAT*BD; -LATTNQ.]  To 

strip  of  hair.    I      L  depilatus,  pp  of  depilo,  ■    de,  from,  + 

piins,    hair.]    dep"Ha'tlon,    re.    dep'Ha"tor,    «.— de- 

pll'a-to-ry,  u.  <V  re. 
de-plete',  1  di-plit';  2  de-plet',  vt.    [-plet'ed11;  -plet'ing.] 


lit  |.|.Ti 


i         i       ..        ...    i.oi.  §r;  full,  rfllr;  bvt,bSrn. 
.         .  '  .     i       i  i     .  .  ,<i,  inn,  <m ,  won,      'v2« 


dr-pl. 


•  l.-lil.ir     i- 

•   II 


,l,-p|.,v 


(Mo  in  ii(. 


Ul"-p»>r 


Ml  I 

from, 

mulling. 

i  i  up  i>r  re- 

de- 

.    •.  ■.  lay.] 

I  I  >•.  in).' 

i.panv 

III. 

.  .•. . .-  n ritten 

u-l.il.  ■'yu-l:"it.     Vt. 

inhabitants  from; 

lay  waste  j 

pop  u-Ute|,   .     de-pop  u-i.i  ii. iii.  •.      i    a  ael  ol 

.pulated. — de-pop '- 

lar,  . 

i    .  ••'.  i.' .     1.  To  carry  away; 

-I.     2.  To  behave  m 

■rry  )  - 
■n  I 

inc  btrk  of  an  undesirable  aoen  to  the  oountry  from  which 

ili-p.iri  mi  Hi.  |  orient;  2  de-pflrt'ment, 

'.    beating,     de- 
port   '  .    u.  KANNI  H. 

dl  -!•"-■     .  -::,•. 

I        i  ■  .  -  .  degrade.    2. 

■i  ■  i     I  ike  the  dep- 

II. »".     To  give  testimony; 

<    F.  diposer,    <   di-,   from,    -r 
•  1 1 IKU. 

-de-pos'alj,  n. 

ii.  .  t,  r.     I.  t.    1.  To  place  on 

lay  down;  cause  to  settle 

'.'.        1  j       .      L 

II.         I.i      tet tie;  form  a 

pi  i 
1 1 .  I . 

■  ••••;  money  or  prop- 

de«keeping,  or  as  a 

ting,  or  the  state  of  being 

:    wu,  +  pono, 

i-i.i-r>.:  '  ;'i-tu-ry,  n.  [-i(ih-z, 

1  b  anything  for  aaf. 

'  >ry. 

'  .-."o-sjfsh'on.   n.      1. 
imulation.    2.  I.  i 

3.  The  act  of 
MONT. 

I- tor,  r;  2  de-pos/i-tor,  n.  One 

I] 
.-.p.,-  i-'o-r;. .  'i-to-n;    2    de-pos/i-to-ry,    n. 

thing  i-  deposi 
•    i'oi.  I.   -.  ware- 

'-'•  -  ]  A  railroad  station.    3. 

ise.     (<  F.  depftl,   <  L. 
depotVw*;  see  DEPOSIT,  n.\ 

'-i,riw   •  [de-pbaved';  db- 

1  •  ■  specially  in 

der.    |  <  L" 

dep"ra-va'tlon,        I.  Th<  ael  of  de- 
pr»v:r  ••  rlorated.    'ii. 

d.-pr.n'l-tj,    n. 
•  ss.    Syn.:  set 

!.     Vt         |-''\T"EDd; 

'■  gainst.    2.  To 

atened  eviL 

iir.n,r,  pka-,        dep're-ca-hl'e<\  a  — 
ni{-l>,     orfl  —  dep"re-ca'tlon,     n— dep're- 


.1.-1. 


■  1  •  - 1 


<l«— |>ri 


.1,  i.  r.-i  i-io-r) .  ,i      Characterised    bj    en- 


Olliethlng       ilepri-ra-ll\  (*•$, 

.-prr'i  i-.iii'.  1  .Ii  pii  •  i.i  .  i . 2 de-prfi'sui-at,  i     I   u   bd*; 

I.         i.i      loasen  the  woi  il.  of;  lowi  i   the 

rat  '.'.  ro  lower,  oi  attempt  to  lower,  the 

i lion  of ;  underrate;  disparage     II.  i     To  sink  in 

1 1 ion.  price,  oi  value;  become  ..i  less  worth      I  • 

i  '.  ,/. .  down,  i  pretium,  price.]    Syru  see  ispsi  i 

•  h-pri  "ii-a'Mon,  ii     iii.-  aoi  of  depreciating,  or 
■  f    being   depreciated     de-pre'cl-a-tl»(es,   .j 
id  to  depreciate.    -I),  adi      de-pre'cJ-a"tor,  ,. 

ili-|irr<l-;i-to-r)  ,  ,i. 

dep 're-date,  l  dep'n-dfit;  2  dep're-d&t,  vi  A  n     I  dat1 

...  |    To  prej  upon,  as  by  pillage;  lay  waste; 

di  ipoil;  plunder      I  •    I.  "•   ./..  thoroughly .     •    prvda, 

dep"re-da'tion,  n,    a  plundering; robberj      dep'- 

ri-ii.i"iur.       \ioi.i„t     dep're-da"to-ry,a    plundering 

De-pres',  i  de  pra':  2  de-prt',  Josquln  (1460  1621).  A  Flem- 

muslolan;  greatesl  o poser  ol  Us  i  im>- 

de-press'',  l  di-pres';  2  de  pres',  vt.  l.  To  press  ..r  push 
down;  lowei     '.'.  To  force  oi  keep  down  the  activity  or 

the  prim  ol     3.  To  reduce  the  energy  oi ;  dis| 

den     4.  To  bring  low;  bumble;  degrade,     |-    L.      dt  ■ 
I  i    ol  '",,,  ■    rfs.down,   i   premo,  press.]    Syn.: 

mi      de-pressed '.  a      I.  Bad;   dejeoted.    'i.  n»t. 
Flattened  from  above;  sunk  below  the  general  surface     •  1  «■— 
pres'slon,  »     I.  The  acl  of  depressing,  or  I  he  state  of  being 
pli  its  or  vltallt) .  dejection;  melanohol]      '.. 
Thai  which  Is  depressed;  a  low  ..r  hollow  place     de-pres'- 
-i\  e*i  a.    Tending  to  or  causing  depression.     -lj.  .'</- 
-iii^^,  n   -de-pres'sor,  n.    One  who  or  that  which  de- 
.  a  depressing  muscle  or  Instrument. 
de-prlve',  1  ai-proiv';  2  d.-priv',  vt.     [db-pbived';  de- 
PRrv'rMQ.l  1.  To  t .- 1 k i ■  something  away  from;  disposal  ss; 
divest:  with  of  before  the  object  taken  away,     'i.  To 
k.ep  from  acquiring,  using,  or  enjoying  something;  de- 
bar; depose.    3t.  To  put  an  end  t ■  •     [<  1.'"  de,  thor- 
oughly,  •   prim,  deprive.]      dep"rl-va'tl»n,  n.    The  act  of 
depriving,  or  the  state  of  i>«-ti il:  deprived      Syzu  Bee  loss, 
l»e  l*ro-fun'dls,  1  di  pro-fun'tus;  2  de pro-f On'dls.  IL  ]  The 
130th   Psalm:  a  penitential    psalm  so  culled  from   the   first 
Words  of  the  Latin  version:    literally,  "out  Of  the  depths." 

depth,  1  depth;  2  depth,  n.  1.  The  state  or  degree  of 
Being  deep;  extent  or  distance  downward,  inward,  or 
backward.  '.'.  A  d.-.p  place;  the  innermost  part.  3. 
Profundity  or  extremity  of  thought  or  feeling;  utmost 

extent  ;  immensity;  extremity.    4.  [Colloq  ]   The  quality 

of  being  deep,  crafty,  or  scheming.  5.  The  quality  oi 
being  dark  in  shade,  or  rich  in  color  or  tone.  [.Ml. 
deplhe,  <  dep,  <  AS.  dedp,  deep]  depth  bomb  or 
charge.  A  bomb  charged  with  a  hlnh  explosive  dropped 
from  the  Stern  Of  a  vessel  to  destroy  a  submerged  .submarine. 

dep'u-rate,  1  dep'yu-ret ;  2  dep'yu-rfu.  it.  [-RAT*EDa;  -EAT*- 
INO.I  Med.  To  free  from  feculent  matter  or  Impurities, 
purify;  cleanse.  [•  1. 1..  depuratUS,  pp.,  <  L.  de-  lntens.  + 
purus,  pure.]  dep'u-rant,  a.  Purifying;  purgative. 
(lep'u-ra-li.  !■":.     dep"u-ra'tlon,  n. 

de-pute',  1  di-piut';  2 de-put',  vt.  [DE-PUT'EDd;  de-put'- 
INQ.l  1.  To  appoint  as  an  agent,  deputy,  or  delegation; 
send  with  authority.  2.  To  transfer,  as  authority,  to 
another.  [<  L.  deputo,  cut  off,  select,  <  de,  from,  + 
puln,  prune  ;  dcp"u-ta 'doll,  n.  1.  A  person  or  persons 
acting  for  another  or  others;  a  delegation.  2.  The  act  Of 
deputing,  or  the  state  of  being  deputed.  3.  An  Knejlsh 
forestry  license  granted  to  a  gamekeeper.—  dep'u-tlze, 
i.  [-tized;  -Tiz'iNd.)  (U.  S.]  To  depute;  act  as  a 
deputy. — dep'u-ty,  n.  (-ties*,  pi.]  1.  One  appointed  to 
acl  for  another;  representative  agent.  '£.  A  member  of  a 
lve  assembly  in  certain  countries.  Syn.:  see  delegate. 

De  Qolo'Cey,  1  di  kwln'si;  2  de  kwln'cy.  Thomas  (1785- 
1869).     An  English  writer;  confessions  of  an  Opium-Eatt  r 

der.,  derlv.,  abor.    Derivation,  derivative,  derived. 

de-rae'l-nate}1,  1  di-ras'i-net;  2  de-rac'i-nfit,  Vt.  To  pull 
up  by  the  rod  eradicate  I-  F.  dtraciner.  <  L.  dls- 
prlv    +  radix,  root.) — de-rar"l-na'tlon,  n. 

de-ralgn',  1  dl-ren';  2  de-ran',  vt.  Law.  1.  To  prove:  as,  to 
dirnian  a  title.     2.  To  determine,  by  judicial  argument. 

de-rail',  1  dl-r6l';  2  de-ra.1',  vt.  To  run  off  from  the  rails, 
as  a  ear  or  train. — de-rail 'ment,  n. 

de-range',  1  di-renj';  2  de-rang',  vt.  [de-bamoed';  de- 
BANO  ING.]  1.  To  disturb  the  arrangement  or  order  of; 
disarrange;  disorder.  2.  To  unbalance  the  reason  of; 
craze.  [<  F.  deranyer,  <  de-,  Dis-;  and  see  range,  d  ] 
Syn.:  see  displace.— de-ranged',  pa.  Insane.— de-range'- 
ni.  i.i.  n.  1.  The  act  of  deranging,  or  state  of  being  de- 
ranged,    'i.  Insanity.     Syn.:  see  insanity. 

Der'by,  1  dfJrTii;  2  dlr'by  lEng.  1  dfir'bi;  2  dar'by),  n.  1.  A 
manufacturing  town  In  central  England;  pop.  126,662.  2. 
An  annual  horse»race  specif  at  Kpsom,  Surrey.  England: 
named  for  the  founder,  12th  l.ail  of  Derby  (1780).  3.  |d-J 
[U.  S.l  A  stiff  felt  hat,  with  a  curved  brim  and  round  crown: 
worn  mostly  by  men. 


1: » =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au=»out;    ell;    IQ  =  feud;    dhin;    go;    ij  =  s'mg;   fhin,  this. 
227       2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this. 


deplore 
deserve 


deret,  vt.    To  hurt. — deret,  a.    Dear. — deret,  re.    Harm. 
der'e-lict,  1  der'i-likt;  2  der'e-lict.     I.  a.    1.  Neglectful 

of  obligation;  unfaithful;  remiss.  2.  Deserted  or  aban- 
doned. II.  n.  1.  That  which  is  deserted  or  abandoned. 
2.  (1)  Law.  Any  property  voluntarily  abandom -d  at 
sea,  as  a  deserted  wreck.  (2)  Land  gained  by  receding 
of  the  sea.  3.  One  who  betrays  a  trust.  [  <  I/,  derelic- 
tus.  pp.,  <  de,  thoroughly,  +  rdinqiw,  relinquish.] — dcr"- 
e-lic'tlon,  n.  1.  Neglect  or  wilful  omission;  failure  in  duty. 
2.  Voluntary  abandonment  of  a  charge  or  property;  also,  the 
state  or  fact  of  being  abandoned. 

de-ride',  1  di-mid';  2  de-rid',  vt.  [de-rid'ed11;  de-rid'- 
ing.]  To  treat  with  scornful  mirth;  ridicule.  [  <  L.  dc- 
intens.  +  ridco,  laugh]  Syn.:  see  mock;  ridicule. — de- 
rld'er,  re.— de-rid 'ing-ly,  adv.— de-ri'sion,  re.  1.  The 
act  of  deriding;  ridicule;  mockery;  scornful  laughter.  2.  An 
object  of  ridicule  or  scorn.  Syn.:  see  banter;  ridicule; 
scorn. — de-ri'siv(e8,  a.  Expressive  of  or  characterized  by 
derision;  mocking,    de-ri'so-ry$.    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

de-rive',  1  di-raiv';  2  de-riv',  v.  [de-rived';  de-riv'ing.] 
I.  t.  1.  To  draw  or  receive,  as  from  a  source,  principle, 
or  root.  2.  To  deduce,  as  from  a  premise;  draw,  as  a 
conclusion.  3.  To  trace  the  derivation  of  (a  word). 
II§.  i.  To  be  descended;  proceed.  [  <  L.p  derivo,  <  de, 
from,  +  rivus,  stream.]— de-riv 'a-bl(ep,  a.  Capable  of 
being  derived. — der"i-va'tion,  re.  1.  The  act  of  deriving, 
or  the  condition  of  being  derived.  2.  Philnl.  The  tracing  of 
a  word  from  its  primitive  form  and  meaning. — de-riv 'a- 
tlv(e8.  I.  a.  Coming  or  acquired  by  derivation;  of  or  per- 
taining to  derivation  or  evolution;  derived.  II.  re.  That 
which  is  derived,  as  a  word  or  thing,  from  another.  -ly,  adv. 

derm,  1  durm;  2  derm,  n.    The  sensitive  and  vascular  or 
true  skin;  also,  the  skin  in  general.     [<  Gr.  derma,  < 
dero,  skin,  flay.]    der'maj;  der'mist. 
— der'mal,  der'mic,  a. 

der'ma-,        )  1  dur'me-,  dur'ma-to-,  dur'mo-;  2  der'ma-, 

der'ma-to-,  >  der'ma-to-,  der'mo-.     From  Greek  derma, 

der'mo-.  )skin:  combining  forms. — der'ma-tol,  re. 
Chem.  A  bright=yellow  compound  obtained  by  treating 
an  aceticacid  solution  of  bismuth  trinitrate  with  gallic 
acid:  used  in  medicine.  [+  -ol.]  —  der"nia-tol'o-gist,  re. 
One  who  studier  or  is  skilled  in  dermatology. — der"ma- 
tol'o-gy,  re.  The  branch  of  medical  science  that  relates  to 
the  skin  and  its  diseases.  [+  -logy.]  der-mol'o-gyt. — 
der"ma-top'a-thy,  re.    Any  skin=disease.    [+  -pathy.] 

dernt,  vt.  &  vi.  To  conceal;  hide;  sulk.  [<  AS.  dyrnan,  < 
dyme.  secret]    dernet.— dernt,  a.    Hidden. 

Dern'burg,  1  dern'burg;  2  dern'burg,  item  hard  W.  G. 
(1S64-        ).    A  German  statesman;  publicist. 

der'ni-er,  1  dur'ni-ar  or  (F.)  der"nye';  2  der'ni-er  or  (F.) 
der"nye',  a.    Last;  final:   commonly  in  the 
French  phrase  dernier  ressort  (last  resort) .  [P 

der'o-gate,  1  der'o-get;  2  dSr'o-gat,   v. 
[-GAT"EDd;  -gat"ing.]     I.  t.     l§.Todis 
parage;  lessen  the  value,  influence,  or 
importance  of.    2||.  To  diminish  or 
restrict  the  force  of,  as  a  law.    II.  i 
To   take  away  or  withdraw  some 
thing;   detract:   used  with  from. 
2§.    To  become  inferior  in    any 
way;   degenerate.     [<  L.  deroga- 
tus,  pp.,  <  de,  from,   +  roi/o,    pro- 
pose  a   law.]— der'o-gate§,    a. 
—  dcr'o-gatc-ly,  adv.  —  der"o- 
ga'tion,  re.     1.  The  act  of  dero- 
gating;     detraction;     disparage 
ment.     2.  The  act  of  limiting 
In  application,  aa  a  law. — dc- 
rog'a-to-ry,  1  di-rog'a-to-n; 
2  de-rog'a-to-ry.  a.     Less- 
ening   in    good    repute ; 
detracting     from    estima- 
tion;    disparaging,     de 
roic'a-tiv(c«;.        dc- 
rog'a-to-rl-ly,  adv. — 
dc-rog'a-to- 
rl-ness,  n. 

dcr  'rick,  1 

der'ik;  2 
der'ik,  n. 
An  appa- 
ratus, as  a 
mast  with  a 
hinged  Oil-well  Derrick. 

boom,  or  a  0,  rnmith  of  well;  l>.  linlnnHntr.nieotianlfim  operating  tho 
framework  plMnmeti  <-.  wlndlau  opentlng  uad^piuop  '/;  c,  wimllans 
for  hoisting  '"'  ,"jlBlim!  ,lrl"»:/>  A""'">^\u,  l«"'» «"  ••"• 
and  swinging  into  place  heavy  weights.  I  <  Derrick  (a 
London  hangman  of  the  17th  century).] 
der'rlngt,  n.  Daring.  dcr'rlng=do"t,  n.  Courageous 
deeds;  sturdy  manhood.— d.=doert,  n.    A  here. 


der'rin-ger,  1  der'in-jar;  2  der'in-gcr,  re.  A  pistol  having  a 
short  barrel  and  a  large  bore.    [  <  Derringer,  the  inventor.] 

der'rysdown",  re.  A  meaningless  refrain  in  old  songs,  der'ryt. 

der'vish,  1  dur'vish;  2  der'vish,  n.  I.  A  Mohammedan  men- 
dicant friar;  a  fakir.  2.  A  member  of  certain  fanatical  tribes 
of  upper  Egypt.    [Turk.]    der'visf;  der'viset. 

des-cant'd,  1  des-kant';  2  des-eant',  vi.  1.  To  discourse 
at  length;  hold  forth:  with  ore  or  upon.  2f.  Mus.  To 
make  a  descant.  [  <  LL.  discanto,  <  L.  dis-,  apart,  + 
canto,  sing.] 

des'cant,  1  des'kant;  2  des'cant,  n.  1.  The  act  of  des- 
canting; a  series  of  remarks.  2.  A  varied  melody  or 
song.  3.  Mus.  An  ornamental  variation  or  counter- 
point; the  soprano. 

Dcs"cartes',  1  de'kfirt';  2  de"eart',  Rene  (1596-1650).  A 
French  mathematician  and  philosopher. 

de-scend'd,  1  di-send';  2  de-s6nd',  v.  I.  t.  To  pass  from 
the  upper  to  the  lower  part  of;  go  down.  II.  i.  1.  To 
move  from  a  higher  to  a  lower  point;  go  downward.  2. 
To  pass  down,  as  from  generation  to  generation;  be 
sprung  or  derived:  with  from,  formerly  of.  3.  To  lower 
oneself  in  worldly,  social,  or  intellectual  standing.  4. 
To  come  violently  or  menacingly,  as  from  above;  fall: 
with  ore  or  upon.  5.  To  pass,  as  from  the  general  to  the 
particular.  6.  Astron.  To  move  southward:  said  of  a 
star.  [<  L.  de,  down,  +  scando,  climb.]  Syn.:  see  fall. — 
de-scen'dant,  re.  One  who  is  descended  lineally  from  an- 
other, de-scen'dentt. — de-seen  'dent,  o.  1.  Proceeding 
downward;  descending.  2.  Issuing  by  descent,  as  from  an 
ancestor,  de-scen'dantj. — de-scend'i-bI(epor  -a-b!(cp, 
a.  1.  That  may  be  descended.  2.  That  may  pass  by  descent; 
inheritable. — de-seen 'sion,  re.  The  act  of  going  down- 
ward; descent;  declension. — de-scent',  n.  1.  The  act  of 
descending;  decline;  deterioration;  fall.  2.  A  descending 
way;  declivity;  slope.  3.  Lineage;  birth;  extraction  4.  De- 
scendants; issue.  5.  A  hostile  visitation;  invasion.  Syn.: 
see  affinity;  kin. 

de-scribe',  1  di-skraib';  2  de-scrib',  v.  [de-scribed';  de- 
scribing.] 1. 1.  1.  To  give  the  characteristics  of ;  repre- 
sent theattributes  of.  2.  To  drawthe  figure  of ;  delineate; 
outline.  3||.  To  mark  off  into  divisions.  II.  i.  1.  To  give 
or  make  a  description.  2.  To  serve  as  the  object  of  de- 
scription. [<  L.  de,  fully,  4-  scribo,  write.]  Syn.:  see  cir- 
cumscribe; relate.— de-scrib 'a-bl(ep,  a.— de-scrib'er, 
n. — de-scrlp'tion,  n.  1.  The  act  of  describing;  a  portrayal 
or  explanation;  a  drawing  or  tracing.  2.  A  group  of  attri- 
butes constituting  a  class;  sort;  kind;  nature.  Syn.:  see  def- 
inition; report. — de-scrip'tiv(es,  a.  Characterized  by 
or  containing  description;  serving  to  describe.  Syn.:  see 
graphical.  —  de-scrip'tiv(e-lys,  adv.  —  de-scrlp'tlv(e- 
nesss,  n. 

de-scry',  1  di-skrai';  2  de-scry',  vt.  [de-scried';  de- 
scry'ing.]  1.  To  discover  with  the  eye,  as  in  the  dis- 
tance or  through  obscurity;  discern;  detect.  2.  To 
explore.  3§.  To  make  known;  disclose.  4t-  To  pro- 
claim. [<  OF.  des-,  dis-,  +  crier,  cry.]  Syn.:  see  discern; 
discover;  look. — de-scri'er,  n. — de-scry't,  n. 

Des"de-mo'na,  1  dez"di-mo'na;  2  des."de-m6'na,  n.  The 
heroine  of  Shakespeare's  Othello. 

des'e-crate,  1  dcs'i-kret;  2  d6s'e-crat,  vt.  [-cRAT"EDd; 
-crat"ing.]  To  divert  from  a  sacred  to  a  common  use; 
profane.  [<  de-  +  L.  saero,  make  sacred.]  Syn.:  sec 
violate.  — des'e-crat"er,  n.  des'e-cra"torJ:.  —  des"e- 
cra'tion,  n.     Profanation. 

de-serf'1,  1  di-zurt';  2  de-gert',  «.  1. 1.  1.  To  depart  from 
(ir  leave  unwarrantably,  as  a  place  where  one  is  expected 
to  remain,  or  a  person  having  legal  or  moral  claims  upon 
(■lie;  also,  to  forsake  or  abandon,  with  or  without  right; 
as,  "The  Deserted  \  illage."  2.  Mil.  To  forsake  in  vio- 
lation of  one's  Oath  or  orders,  as  a  service,  posl ,  etc.  II. 
i.  To  forsake  a  post  or  service  without  leave,  as  in  mili- 
tary or  naval  service.  [  <  L.F  desero,  <  dc,  from,  -+- 
sero,  Join.]  Syn.:  sec  abandon. 
— de-sert'er,  n.   One  who  forsakes  a  service,  duty,  party, 

or  friends;  an  absconding  soldier  or  sailor,     de-ser'llon,  n. 

1.  The  act    of  deserting.     2§.  The  stale  of  being  deserted; 

desolation.  [waste. 

des'ert,  ldez'art;2des'ert,  a.    Of  or  like  b  deserl  [barren; 

des'erC,  n.  Oeog.  A  region  without  vegetation,  rainless, 
and  uninhabitable;  any  uncultivated  or  desolate  region. 

dc-scri'=,  1  di-zurf;2de-sert',  n.  I.  The  state  of  deserv- 
ing reward  or  punishment;  meril  or  demerit.  2.  That 
which  is  deserved  or  merited:  often  in  the  plural.  ( < 
OF.  deserte,  <  daervtr,  deserve.] 

dc-scrvie'H,  1  cb-zurv;  2  de-gery',  vt.  [i>k-skuv(i;)i>'b; 
de-serv'ing.]  I.  /  To  be  entitled  to  or  worthy  of ,  by 
either  meril  or  demerit.  II.  i.  To  be  worthy  or  desen  - 
ing.    [<  L  deservio,  serve  devotedly,  <  de-  in  tens.  + 

scrnio,  serve. 1     de-serv'ed-ly,  adv.     According  to  desert: 

Justly.— dc-serv'cr,  n.— de-serv'ing.     I.   i«i.     Worthy: 


i  B    net,  rtr:  full,  rflle;  bot,  bOraj 

i.  ,  pro.  ffru;  lil      i      -    I  I       •  ,  C<>.  not.  or.  won,    938 


*«M»     II 

'■III.     . 

I 

II 


.     .    hi  l 


11 


'   -    .  I.         I.  To  map  nut  in 

Deate; 
t.  I ..  pur- 
i  .">  . 

II.      I.I 

upntioD  of  a 
3   . 

mark.] 

ili  -sign  v.|-l>  .  i:  pur- 

•l •— -)« 11  Vr.  ■       I .  •  ■  •   who  forms 

mil  prc- 

.1.  - 

•  icn  lac, 

ili  --Icn   lnc-1 
I 

or  ornament 

Mini ;  preliminary  sketch. 

:t.    \  fixed 

4.  The  adaptation 

of  t:i«-an«  t  ntrivanee;   also,  the  objcd 

de-sign  'iiuiii   . 

lent,  lntcnl  Ion,  ob- 
n  refers 

eoor-:  produce  a  rc- 

;.  all  particulars,  and  fasten 

oo  u.  .  familiar  form 

of  the  ii-vi    .  to  details 

tk%et%  ibtmc  same  details  all  as  ■  I  I  he  plan 

liarp  attacks,  with  the 

■  ring  the  enemy.     A 

man  comer  '  i         y;  he  forms  a 

■  •  -.  «  nli  the  '.'•  Hgn  of  then 
r..n.;.i.-  •.-■  •  L-  •!•  i'.'i    :i-  •!.••  law  ran  not  read  the  heart,  It 

forth  inward  an  object;  pur- 
poi<  aim  pi..  '  peak  of 

lh«-  p*rpoi>  ■  .  .,f  ( iod.     It  Is 

■  iri-  prove  It  1 1 

'I  of  i in-  actor;  /mr- 
pet*  I 

if — im  i-m  •  ■  i-iii,  a.    Capable  of 

■  -      .'  i'..     „■:  •  ■:  ■  .-  ;-.-r.i:  .■«!. 

■     liable  of 
t- ::^C  dfji tgnated    dL»tlrj«iiL-liable. 

d«  i.:-ti  it. .  ]  <     [-nat*ed«I; 

i.  ible  liy 

.  tion  l>y  a  dis- 

:.    I  I  or  ap- 

pose.   6yn.: '  •  ■     bibe. 

'-•-n. i  Hon,  :.  a  dls- 

. 
•  I.  -  'Ig-na-th  e  . 
de«   l.-ti ,-i..-r>    .      ili  -   lg-iia"t<ir,  n. 
'I'  —  i rt    .  I.  .1,';  DE-am'- 

l  .   yment 

ray  f'»r; 
I    ■  rve;  require. 

II.  1 . 

.'■ 
I-  passion, 

(dtu  (tider-i 

:     '■.  rice,  cov- 
longlng,  proclivity, 
• 
It  is  a  quiet,  or  even  a  vague  or  unconscious,  tendency.  Even 


..  oi  ■    irons  it  decided  inclination  we  .1"  nol 

utensil  \  of  di  '  '   aw  Ide  range,  from 

to  the  lowest:  dstfo  Is  for  an  objcol  near 

near   In   thought,  and   viewed  M  attainable;  u 

n  a)  be  for  what  la  remote  or  uncertain,  or  even  for 

( 'r.ji  inu  is  stronger  than 

i .  thi  "   ult  of  a  in  fui  ami  capi  i 

m.\  be  the  Imperious  and  reasonable 

i   •  whole  nature.    Longing  ia  a  reach  inn  out  with 

nt  demand  for  that  which  Is  viewed  as  now 

•    '     imci  Imi  .H  talnable;  n  .  i  be  captb  e' 

oi  dlnai  II  i  thru. i.  [or  thai 

which  is  another's      Compare  appetite;  rANcr;  incline 
ii. is      Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  intipathi       I  > 

de-slr'a-bl  e*,  a      Worthy  or  likely  to  in-  desired; 

worth  See   PROFITABLl        ile-slr"a-bll 'l-ly, 

■ii — ir'a-bi  i-iiess'-,  n     de-sir'a-bly,  de-sir 'er,  n, 

de-slr'oas,  a     Having  desire    experiencing  a  wish  or 

era  D  EAOEB       (le-slr'olls-lj ,  mlv. 

«l <■- ~ i ^ i     .  :      i  i '.  m     To 

from  acl ;  forbear;  stop;  often  followed  by  from. 

dc,  down,   t  Htto,  set,  caus.  of  sto,  stand.]    B 

REST. 

desk.  i  di   i..  L'  desk,  n      l.  A  table  nr  case  specially 
adapted  for  writing  nr  study- 
ing.     'I.   A   stand   fur   pubu 
ling  or  preaching;  pulpit 
[  <V.  cRsgue,  <  L.  di  cu«,  disk 

Des  Moines,  i  d8  meln; :.'  dfi  moln, 

n.  I.  A  ill',  (pop  105,850),  capi- 
tal of  fowa:  adopted  commission 
government,   1897.     8,  A  river 

In  Minnesota  and   Iowa;    length,  n„..i,  „cn,i  h„ m„.i,i„„inn 

m  to  Mississippi  river  Desk  iified  by  Washington, 
lies  Moines  idea,  municipal  commission  government, 
Inolui  .  and  recaU. 

lles"niou"llris',  1  ili ■"nn"i"lah';  2  de'tnii'lah'.  Ilcnolt  Caiiillle 

I  761 1    1704).     A  French  revolul  fonist ;  adherent  of  Danton; 

i  Ined. 

des'o-Iate,  1  des'c-let;  2  dSs'c-lat.     I.  vt.     [-LAT"EDd; 

|    To  deprive  of  inhabitants,  dwellings,  goods, 

etc  ;    lay    waste.      2.    To    make   desolate,    sorrowful, 

my,  or  forlorn.    II.  a.    1.  Destitute  of  inhabitants, 

dwellings,   etc.;  laid  waste;  deserted;  abandoned.     2. 

Without  friends;  forlorn;  sorrowful;  afflicted;  lonely. 

[<  L.  ih .  entirely,  -f  solus,  alone]    Syn.:  see  bleak;  sad. 

des'o-late-ly,arfc. — des'o-late-ness,  n-  des'o-lat"- 
er,  n.  des'o-la"tor}.— des"o-la'tion,  n.  1.  The  state  or 
condition  of  being  desolate;  loneliness;  dreariness;  sadness; 
affliction.  2.  A  desolate  region;  a  waste.  3.  The  act  of 
making  desolate;  devastation. 
DC  So'to.  1  de  so'to:  2  de.  so'to,  Hernandez  (1496?-1542).  A 

Spanish  explorer:  discovered  the  Mississippi  river,  1541. 
dc-spair',  1  di-spiir';  2  de-spaV,  v.  I.  i.  To  abandon  all 
1  mi I. ■;  be  or  become  hopeless:  often  with  of.  lit-  t.  To 
lose  hope  or  faith  in. 
de-spair',  n.  1.  Utter  hopelessness  and  discouragement. 
';.  Thai  which  causes  despair  or  which  is  despaired  of. 
[  <  L.  despero,  <  de,  from,  +  spes,  hope.) 

Syn.:  desperation,  despondency,  discouragement,  hope- 
/  couragemenl  is  the  result  of  so  much  repulse  or 
failure  as  wears  out  courage.    Discouragements  too  frequent 
and    long   continued   may   produce  a  settled   hopeli 
Ih'i't  U  tsness  Is  negative,  and  may  result  from  simple  apathy; 
,   and  despair  are  more  emphatic  and  decided. 
"idcncy  Is  an  incapacity  for  the  present  exercise  of  hope; 
-  i-  the  utter  abandonment  ol  bone.     Despondency 
relaxes  energy  and  effort  and  Is  always  attended  with  sad- 
i  dlst  ress;  despair  may  produce  a  stony  calmness,  or  It 
may  lead  to  desperation.     Desperation  Is  energized  despair, 
vigorous  In  action,  reckless  of  consequences. — Ant.:  antici- 
pation, assurance,  cheer,  confidence,  courage,  elation,  en- 
couragement, expectancy,  expectation,  hope,  hopefulness, 

— de-spalr'lng,    a.     dc-spalr'fult.— de-spalr'lng-ly, 

ties-patch',  etc.    Same  as  dispatch,  etc. 

de8''per-a'dO>  l'des"par-e'do;  2  dCs"per-a'do,  n.  J-doe8z 
01  -DOfi",  pi]  A  man  of  desperate  character  and  deeds;  a 
rulli.'tn.     [Sp\] 

des'per-ate,  1  des'pDr-it;  2  d6s'per-at,  a.  1.  Without 
care  for  danger;  reckless,  as  from  despair.  '£.  Resorted 
to  in  a  last  extremity;  hazardous;  frantic-  furious.  3. 
rded  as  irremediable;  despaired  of.  4||.  Extremely 
or  hopelessly  bad;  outrageous.  5.  Law.  Hopeless  of 
recovery;  irrecoverable:  said  of  a  moneyclaim.  [  <  L. 
desperatus,  pp.  of  despero,  despair.)  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. — 
des"per-a'tlon,  n.  The  state  of  being  desperate;  the  reck- 
lessness of  despair;  blind  fury.    Syn.:  see  despair. 

iles'pi-ca-blfep,  1  des'pi-ka-bl;  2  d6s'pi-ca-bl,  a.  Ca- 
pable of  being,  or  deserving  to  be,  despised;  contempt- 
ible; mean;  vile.    [<    £,.«-■"  despicio:  see  despise.]    Synj 


1: d  =  final;    l  =  habit:    aisle;    mi  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  ieud;    tfhin;    go;    Xi  =  amg;    thin,   this,     deshabille 
229    2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,  .gem;   ink;    thin,    this,   deteriorate 


see  base;  pitiful.— des"pl-ca-bll'l-ty,  re.  The  quality 
of  being  despicable.  des'pi-ca-bl(e-nessp3:.  —  des'pi-ca- 
bly,  adv. 

de-spise',  1  di-spaiz';  2  de-spis/,  vt.  [de-spised';  de- 
spib'ing.]  To  regard  as  contemptible  or  worthless;  dis- 
dain; scorn.  [<  L.OF  despicio,  <  de,  down,  +  specio, 
look  at.)    Sim.:  see  abhor.—  de-spis 'a-bl(ep,  a. 

de-spite',  1  di-spait';  2  de-spit'.  I.  vt.  1§.  To  despise. 
2||.  To  spite;  vex;  offend.  II.  n.  Extreme  aversion; 
spite;  malice;  disdain  with  defiance.  III.  prep.  In  spite 
of;  notwithstanding,  de-spight'f.  [<  OF.  despit,  < 
L.  despectus,  pp.  of  despicio,  despise. 1  Syn.:  see  notwith- 
standing; scorn. —  de-spite'ful,  a.  Full  of  spite;  mali- 
cious; malignant,    -ly,  adv.   -ness,  re. 

des-plt'e-ous||,  a.  Stirred  with  malicious  scorn  or  hate; 
despiteful,  des 'pit-oust;  dis-plt'e-oust;  dls 'pit-oust- 
— des-pit'e-ous-lyt,  ado.  des'pit-ous-lyt;  dis'pit- 
ous-lyt. 

de-spoil',  1  di-speil';  2  de-spoil',  vt.  To  strip  or  deprive  of 
something  by  or  as  by  force;  plunder:  with  of.  [<  L. 
de-  intens.  +  spolium,  spoil.] — de-spoil'er,  re. — de-spoil'- 
ment,  re.— de-spo"li-a'tion,  re.  The  act  of  despoiling,  or 
state  of  being  despoiled. 

de-spond'd,  1  di-spend';  2  de-spond',  vi.  To  lose  spirit, 
courage,  or  hope;  be  depressed  or  cast  down.  [  <  L.  de, 
from,  +  spondeo,  promise.] — de-spond  'ing-ly,  adv. 

de-spon'dent,  1  di-spen'dent;  2  de-spon'dent,  a.  De- 
jected in  spirit;  disheartened.  Syn.:  see  sad. — de-spon'- 
den-cy,  re.     de-spon'dencej. — de-spon'dent-Iy,  adv. 

des 'pot,  1  des'pat;  2  des'pot,  n.  An  absolute  monarch; 
autocrat;  a  hard  master;  tyrant.  [OF.,  <  Gr.  despotes, 
master.]  Syn.:  see  master. — des-pot'ic,  a.  Of  or  like  a 
despot  or  despotism;  tyrannical.  Syn.:  see  absolute;  ar- 
bitrary; imperious. — des-pot'i-cal,  a.  -i-cal-ly,  adv. — 
des'pot-ism,  re.  1.  Absolute  power;  autocracy.  2.  Any 
tyrannical  control. 

des'pu-mate§'1,  1  des'piu-met  or  di-spiu'met;  2  des'pu-mat 
or  de-spu'mat,  v.  1. 1.  To  throw  off,  as  scum.  II.  i.  To 
work  off  impurities  in  foam  or  scum.  [  <  L.  despumalvs, 
pp.,   <  de,  from,  +  spuma,  foam.]— des"pu-ma'tion,  re. 

des'qua-mate,  1  des'kwa-met  or  di-skwe'met;  2  des'kwa- 
mat  or  de-skwa'mat,  vt.  [-mat"ed;  -mat"ing.]  To  peel  or 
scale  off.  [<  L.  desquamatus,  pp.  of  desquamo,  <  de,  from, 
+  squama, scale.] — des"qua-ma'tion,re.  Med.  Thescaling 
off  of  the  scarf=skin,  as  in  measles  and  scarlatina. 

Des"saix\  1  de"se';  2  de'sa',  Joseph  Marie  (1764-1834).  A 
French  general;  fought  at  Lodi,  Wagram,  etc. 

des-sert',  1  de-zurt';  2  dS-s.ert',  n.  A  service  of  sweet- 
meats, etc.,  at  the  close  of  a  repast.     [F.] 

des-tem'per,  v.  &  re.    Same  as  distemper2. 

des"ti-na'tion,  1  des"ti-ne'slian;  2  d6s"ti-na'shon,  n.  1. 
A  predetermined  end;  point  to  which  a  journey  is 
directed;  goal.     2.  A  destining;  appointment. 

des'tin(e8, 1  des'tm;2  des'tin,  vt.  [des'tined,  des'tind8; 
des'tin-ing.]  1.  To  design  for  or  appoint  to  a  distinct 
purpose  or  end;  foreordain.  2.  To  determine  the.  future 
of,  as  by  destiny.  [  <  L.  de-  intens.  +  sto,  stand] 
Syn.:  see  allot. — des'tined,  a.  Bound  for  an  appointed 
place;  assigned  to  go  to  a  place  designated. 

des'ti-ny,  ldes'ti-nr,  2 dSs'ti-ny, n.  [-niesz,  pZ.]  l.That 
to  which  any  person  or  thing  is  destined;  fortune;  doom. 
2.  Inevitable  necessity;  divine  decree;  fate.  3.  [D-]  pi. 
Class.  Myth.  The  three  Fates.    Syn.:  see  necessity. 

des'ti-tute,  1  des'ti-tiiit;  2  des'ti-tfit,  a.  1.  Not  having 
or  possessing;  entirely  lacking:  with  of.  2.  Being  in 
want;  extremely  poor.  [  <  L.  de,  down,  +  Mntuo,  put.] 
— des"tl-tu'tion,  re.  The  state  or  condition  of  being  desti- 
tute; extreme  poverty.     Syn.:  see  poverty. 

des'trl-erf,  n.  A  war-horse.  [OF.,  <  L.  dexter,  right.]  des'- 
trert;  dex'trort. 

de-stroy',  1  di-stroi';  2  de-8troy',  vt.  1.  To  bring  to  ruin; 
overthrow;  demolish;  ruin;  kill.  2.  To  show  to  be  false; 
disprove.  3.  To  neutralize;  counteract.  [<  L.°*  de, 
from,  -t-  struo,  build.]  Syn.:  sec  abolish;  annul;  break; 
demolish;   exterminate;   SUBVERT. 

— de-stroy  'er,  re.    1.  One  who  or  thai  which  destroys,    2. 
Navy.  A  war-vessel  of  the  torpedo«boa1  class. 

de-struc'tion,  1  di-struk'slian;  2  de-strue'shon,  re.     1. 


'*       )'       r 


U.  S.  Torpedo-boat  Destroyer  "Preston ." 

The  act  of  destroying,  or  state  of  being  destroyed;  de- 
molition; ruin.  2.  That  which  destroys.  Syn.:  see  loss;  ruin. 
— dp-struc"tl-bll'l-ty,  n.     The   quality    of    being    de- 


structible, de-struc  'ti-bl  (e-nesspj .  —  de-struc  'ti-bl  (ep, 
a.  Liable  to  destruction. — de-struc 'tlon-ist,  re.  One  who 
favors  destruction,  or  the  overthrow  of  existing  conditions; 
an  anarchist;  nihilist.— de-struc'tiv(es,  a.  Tending  or  fit- 
ted to  destroy;  causing  destruction;  pernicious;  ruinous. 
Syn.:  see  noisome;  pernicious.— de-struc'tlv(e-lyp,  adv. 
— dc-struc'tiv(e-ness,  re.  1.  The  quality  of  being  de- 
structive. 2.  Phrcn.  The  faculty  that  gives  the  tendency 
to  destroy. 

des'ue-tude,  1  des'wi-tiud;  2  des'we-tud,  n.  The  cessa- 
tion of  use;  a  condition  of  disuse.  [<  L.  desuetudo,  < 
de,  from.  +  sueo,  be  used.] 

de-sul'tor,  1  di-sul'ter;  2  de-sul't6r,  n.  Rom.  Antiq.  A 
leaper;  vaulter;  a  circus  rider  who  leaped  from  one  horse  to 
another  without  stopping.     [L.;  see  desultory.] 

des'ul-to-ry,  1  des'ul-to-n;  2  deVul-to-ry,  a.  Passing 
abruptly  and  irregularly  from  one  thing  to  another; 
starting  suddenly;  fitful;  changeable;  unmethodical. 
[<  L.  de,  down,  +  salio,  leap.]  Syn.:  see  cursory;  irreg- 
ular.—des 'ul-to-ri-ly,  adv.— des'ul-to-ri-ness,  n. 

de-tach'S  1  di-tacV;  2  de-tach',  vt.  1.  To  disconnect 
from  some  other  thing;  sever;  separate;  part.  2.  To 
separate  for  special  service,  as  a  regiment,  etc.  II§.  i. 
To  become  separated;  separate  itself  or  oneself  from 
anything.  [  <  F.  detacher,  <  de-,  from,  +  Bret,  tach, 
nail.]  Syn.:  see  abstract. — de-tach"a-bll'l-ty,  n. — de- 
taeh'a-bl(cp,  a. — de-tach 'ment,  re.  1.  A  detaching;  sep- 
aration. 2.  Something  detached,  as  a  body  of  troops  for 
special  service. 

de-tail',  1  di-tel';  2  de-tal'.  I.  vt.  1.  To  report  or  nar- 
rate minutely;  enter  into  or  give  the  details  of.  2.  To 
select  for  special  service.  II.  n.  1.  A  separately  con- 
sidered particular  or  item;  minor  part;  accessory.  2.  A 
minute  narrative.  3.  Mil.  (1)  A  small  detachment 
assigned  to  some  subordinate  service.  (2)  A  list  of 
names  for  regular  duty.  4.  Art  &  Arch.  A  minor  part; 
accessory.  [  <  F.  detailler,  <  de-,  apart,  +  tailler,  cut.] 
Syn.:  (verb)  see  relate;  (noun)  see  circumstance. 

de-tain',  1  di-ten';  2  de-tan',  vt.  1.  To  restrain  from  pro- 
ceeding; stop;  withhold.  2.  To  keep  back.  [<  L. 
detineo,  <  de,  from,  +  teneo,  hold.]  Syn.:  see  retain. — 
de-tain 'er,  re.  1.  One  who  detains,  stops,  orwithholds.  2. 
Law.  ( 1)  A  process  for  recovering  possession  of  lands  or  goods 
wrongfully  held.  (2)  [Eng.]  A  writ  directing  the  continued 
holding  of  a  prisoner  in  custody  pending  an  additional  ac- 
tion.— de-tain 'men  tt,  re. 

de-tectd,  1  di-tekt';  2  de-tget',  vt.  To  discover,  as  some- 
thing hidden  or  recondite;  find  out;  determine.  2.  To 
uncover  or  discover  (what  is  purposely  and  wrongfully 
concealed);  expose;  disclose.  [<  L.  de,  from,  +  tego, 
cover.]  Syn.:  see  discover. — de-tec t'a-bl(ep  or -I-bl(ep, 
a. — de-tect'er,  re. — de- tec 'Hon,  re.  The  act  of  detecting; 
discovery. — de-tec'tlv(e8.  I.  a.  Skilled  in  or  ntted  for  de- 
tection; employed  to  detect;  belonging  to  defectives.  II.  n. 
One  employed  to  ferret  out  crime  and  capture  criminals. 

de-tec'tor,  1  di-tek'tsr  or  -tor;  2  de-tec'tor,  re.  1.  One  who  or 
that  which  detects.  2.  A  device  for  detecting,  as  for  showing 
low  water  in  a  boiler,  indicating  the  presence  of  torpedoes 


wesriHasssgasiggKBrl 


Lodge  Coherer  or  Electric  Wave  Detector. 

under  water,  etc.  3.  Elec.  A  device  for  discovering  the 
presence  of  electric  waves,  as  a  coherer.    [LL.] 

de-tent',  1  di-tent';  2  do-tent',  n.  A  stop  or  checking-device, 
as  a  pin,  lever,  etc.,  on  a  ratchet-wheel  or  the  like. 

de-ten'tion,  1  di-ten'slian;  2  de-ten'shon,  re.  The  act  of 
detaining,  or  the  state  of  being  detained;  restraint; 
delay.    1  <  L.F  detineo;  see  detain.]— dc-teii'tiv(cs,  a. 

de-ter',  1  di-tur';  2  de-t6r',  vt.  [de-terred',  dh-tbbd'b; 
de-ter'bing,]  To  prevent  or  restrain  from  acting  or  pro- 
ceeding, as  by  fear.  [<  \i.de,  from,  ■{•terreo, frighten.] — 
de-ter 'men  t,  ».— de-ter'rence,  re.-  de-ter 'rent,  a.  &  n 

de-ter'gent,  1  di-tur'jent;  2  de-tSr'gent.  I.  a.  Having 
cleansing  qualities;  purging.  II.  n .  A  cleansing  medi- 
cine,  as   for   wounds,   etc.      [<    L.   de,   from,    ■{    /.;,/<•>. 

wipe  |      de-terge',  vt.    [de-tbrobd';    de-terg'ing.]    To 
cleanse,  as  a  (round. 
de-te'rl-o-rate,  1  di-u'n-o-ret;  2  de-ts'ri-o-rat,  vt.  &  vi. 

|  ii  \t"eivj;  -IiAt"ing.]  To  make  or  grow  worse;  impail  . 
degenerate.     [<    L.LL  deterior,   worse,   <    de,  down.] 

Syn.:  see  CORRUPT;  IMPAIR. 

de-te"rl-o-ra'tlon,  n.  The  process  or  deteriorating, 
or  the  stale  of  being  deteriorated.  [<  L.  deterior,  worse,  < 
de,  down.]   Syn.:  see  alloy. 


I  i        0     v.  g«V  not.  fir,  full,  rftle;  l>n(,l>urn: 

,li  ,1.,    ,  ~  tt.  n  .  ii  i  0   ...i    in.  won,  'i'M) 


iii-ii  >  linn, 

i 


8 


I 


Mil  wiiii  m  one 

friiin  all 


in 


•r&-  ilUTlng,  rtckle- 

i  todeter- 

II  i      '  which  deter- 

-ii .  - ■■  •  — . 

.1.  -I.  r    mill.     .  inn.  r.     [-Ml  '■ 

I.  I  . 

'.'.    I  -  ttle;  deci  8. 

I.  ii  the  exact 

>. 
•;  . 
III.  Ive:  with  on. 

lermino, 
de-ter'- 

■  li  -I.  r   ml-ii.ml.       I.  |  ).  irnniiiM- 

1 1  i  nfluencee  to  determl 

one  i 
-   hereditary  substi 
'    niin-er    .      ile-ter  milled. 

;i;m;    nl(- 
d<  -I.  r   iiiIii-ii|-I>  . 

•iiiii-i-ni.  i  In-Iam,  n.    l. 

decided 
trine  that  mo- 
impulslon.     'i. 

•  I  •  - 1 .-  r  i -ii.  i|i-t<T"mln-K'tii-. 

■    ii.  .  .   ■!.  -I.  r   r.  ni. 

.].  -i.  r  -I..H.  n.    A  deal 

DETI  BOl    1 


II 


nation 


.  worthy  of  exe- 
ty;  abhor.     [  <   L. 
Syn.: 
■i.  •test"  i-i.iri-u.  de-test'a-bl  • 

.- 1. 1  > .  fi.-"i. —  ta'tlon,  r».     Ex- 

act or  thing 
i  xtipathy;  hatred. 
.r'">ii',  i(.    [de-throned'; 
■  he  throne;  depose. 
de-throne 'ment,  n 
action  to  n- 
i 

. 

.  Iden   loud   n 
defo-nlxe?.    defo- 

<lit"i>-iil-/;i'lliin    . 

mtrtvance,a8  a  railroad' 


■ii.  i 

tioi  I 

I,  twist.] 

<|.  -t..r  de-tor  'tlont,  n. 

dabout  way. 


i|.-i..ur'. 
de-i  rui     . 


I.  •      l   ■  take  or 

ii  estimation. 

eorn- 

aho,  < 

N  M.t.. 

i|i-ir.n   ii.iii,  •       i  he  act  of 

DAJ         ili- 

■  -  •  :■    i..r       -tract 'er,  n.     A  detainer; 
ens 


del    rl-llli  III  .  .in    in.  nl  .    n. 

i .  hi ns  I  hat  irnpait  i  orinjurt     or  causes  damagi 

.'.  i . .  ■  a'  I.  ilt  in  mi  niii iii,  damage, 

■  ii  i   ri-iin'ii'ial.    ...       Injurious;    hurtful. 
mi.     noihomi       ddrl-mcn  (al-l) .  ,uli 
de-tli'tum   L  .1,  n.n'i  ■■-.  2  de-trt'tus,  n    Geol    I.   Loose 
■  particli  i  ol  rock     '.'.  Vnj  ma     ol  disinte- 
U  rial      1 1    .  pp    "I  deter o,  rub  down,   <  de-, 
down,    •   tero,  mi.  !    de-trl'tal,  a     dc-trl'tlci.    de-trl'- 
i  inn          i  he  act  nf  rubbing  or  weal  Ins  of!  pari  Icles 
iii-iruii'.  l  di-trolt';  2  de-trolt', n.    \ Id.  1    Mlehl  mi 

U      [9141 

de  trop,  i  de  Too  muoh;  not  wanted;  in  the 

■ i";.  i  .   .    i".  onvenlent  nr  of 

i. in  »  in.  is  .nit  nf  place.    II'. | 
ilr-iriui.-".  I  di-trQd';  2  do-trud',  rt    To  thrust  down  or  out; 

push  down  forol  ■/..  down,    I    inula. 

thrust       de-tru'sJon,   n      de-tru'sli  e  . 

ili-lruii  'r;ili',    1    di  triui'kei      "    dl    I  run'.  Bt .    Vt       [-CAT- ED*; 

i       horten  by  cutting  <>n  a  part;  cut  off;  lop. 
pp.,  from,    !   trunco,  lop  I    de*« 

trun-i  i   lion.  PI 

Det'tlng-en,  l  det'in-en;  :.'  det'lng-en,  n  A  village  In  W. 
Bavaria,  where  the  English  and  allies  defeated  the  French, 
1743 

Hi  u-i  ill-nil,  l  dlO-ke'h-an;  2  dQ-ca'11-on.  n.    Or.  Math.  A 

king  ut  Theesaly;  he  and  ins  wife,  Pyrrhn,  al ■  sun  i\  ■  -« 1  a 

Dine  days'  deluge  srnt  bj  Zeus  :uui  perpetuated  the  human 
race. 

deuce'i  1  ilius;  2  « 1  o «.- .  n,  1.  Games.  Two:  a  card,  or  Bide 
of  :i  die,  having  two  Bpots  'i.  In  lawn«tennis,  :i  condi- 
tion of  the  score  when  each  side  lias  made  three  points 
and  the  Bcore  is  "forty  all."  (<  F.  deux,  <  I.  duo, 
two.]  deuce'«ace",  n.  A  throw  of  two  dice,  one  Bhowlng 
he  oi  her  two. 

deuce  ,  n.    The  devil:  used  with  or  without  the  article. 

Dent.,  nhhr.     Deuteronomy. 

deu'ter-o-,   1   dlfl'tar-o-;  dfl'ter-o-.     From  Greek  deuteros, 

a  combining  Form,    deu"ter-og'a-ml8t,  n.    One 

who  marries  the  second  time.    denffter-og'a-my<  n.    A 

second  marriage,  or  i  he  custom  of  making  second  marriages. 

.  marriage.] 

l>ru"(iT-on'o-iiiy,  1  dlu'tar-on'o-mi;  2  du"ter-on'o-my,  n. 
The  lifih  boos  ol  the  Pentateuch. 

den 'to-,  1  iiifi'io-;  2  dQ'to-.  Abbreviation  of  deutero-:  a 
combining  form,  deu'to-plasm,  n.  The  food«yolk  of  an 
ovum  or  egg«cell.  [+  c;r.  plasma,  formation.]  den'ter-o- 
plaMii;.  iliu"lo-|ilas'iiilc,  «.  deu"to-plas'tlct.— 
dea-tox'ld,  n.  Chem.  Dioxld:  formerly  so  called. 

dev'as-tate,  l  dev'as-tSt;  2  dSv'as-tat,  vt.  | - r \i"i:i >■' ; 
-i  \i"im.  |  To  lay  waste,  as  by  war,  fire,  flood,  etc.; 
destroy;  ravage.  [<  L.  de,  thoroughly,  +  vastus, 
waste.]     det  "as-ta'tlon,  n.     dev'as-ta"tor,  n. 

de-vel'opl,  1  di-vel'ap;  2  de-vel'op,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  un- 
cover  or  unfold;  bring  to  li^ht  or  to  completion  bj 
degrees ;  cause  to  pass  from  a  lower  to  a  higher  stage,  as 
in  function,  Btructure,  or  the  like;  increase  the  power, 
strength,  or  other  qualities  of.  2.  Phot.  To  make  (a 
latent  image)  visible  upon  a  plate;  al-o,  to  cause  (the 
plate)  to  show  the  latent  image.  :{.  Math.  (1)  Alg. 
To  expand  (an  expression)  in  the  form  of  a  series.  (2) 
Geom  To  change  the  form  of  (a  surface)  as  if  by  bend- 
unbending.  II.  i.  1.  To  advance  by  stages  from 
B  lower  to  a  higher  state.     "J.  To  come  to  light  gradually; 

elf.    de-vel'opej.    [  <  F.  divelopper,  unf old.] 

Syn.:  see  amn.hi  . 

de-veI'op-a-bl(ep,  a. — de-vel'op-er,  n.     1.  One  who 

or  that  Which  develops,  'i.  Phot.  A  chemical  bath  formatt- 
ing a  latent  Image  visible  on  a  plate.  —  de-vrl'op-ment,  n. 

Gradual   evolution  or  completion.     Syn.:   see  EDUCATION; 

PROGRESS.    -de-ve!'op-men"tal,  a.     -Iy, 
de-vest' i,  1  di-vest';  2  de-vest',  v.     I.  t.     1.  To  deprive; 

alienate.     "*t.  To  remove  vesture  from;  divest;  strip. 

II.       To  be  lost  or  alienated,  as  a  title  or  estate.    [  <  L. 

'/. .  from.  4-  vesti 
de'vl-ate,  1  dl'vi-fit ;  2  dr'vi-at,  vi.    [-AT"EDd;-AT"iNG.]    1. 

To   turn   aside,  as  from   a  straight  or  appointed    road; 

wander;    diverge.      '£.   To   differ.      [<    L.LL  devius;  see 

DEVIOI  8.]     Svn.:  see  BEND;  WANDER. 

ile"\l-a'tlon,  n.     The  act  of  deviating,  or  Its  result; 

variation  or  deflection;  error;  sin.— de'vi-a"tor,  n. — de'vl- 

a-to-ry,  a. 
de-Tfce'j  1  dl-vois';  2  de-vi<;',  n.     1.  Something  invented 

and  constructed  for  a  special  purpose;  contrivance,     '£. 

A    plan   or  scheme;   an   artifice;   stratagem;   plot.      3.  A 

di    i i'n  or  put  tern,  as  in  embroidery  or  ornamen- 
tation    4.  Her.  A  motto  or  emblem,  as  on  a  shield.    5. 

The  act,  state,  or  power  of  devising;  inventive  skill. 
Gf.  Design  or  style  of  anything;  cast  of  mind.     [<  L.' 


1:8  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  fcud;    tfhin;    go;    o  =  sinff;    thin,   this,  determinate 
231  2:  wolf,  dg;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go.   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  diabetes 


dlvtsus,  pp.  of  dlvido,  divide.]    Syn.:  see  artifice:  design; 

PROJECT. 

dev'il,  1  dev'l;  2  dev'l,  vt.  1.  To  prepare  for  eating  by 
seasoning  highly  and  broiling  or  frying.  2.  To  make 
fiendish. 

dev'il,  n.  1.  Ch.  Hist.  &  Theol.  (1)  The  prince  and  ruler 
of  the  kingdom  of  evil;  Satan.  (2)  A  subordinate  evil 
spirit;  a  demon.  (3)  An  idol,  or  a  false  god.  2.  A 
wicked  or  malignant  person;  also,  a  wretched  fellow; 
also,  one  of  great  daring.  3.  Mech.  A  machine  for  any 
one  of  various  purposes,  as  for  cutting  or  tearing  up 
rags.  4.  A  printers'  apprentice.  printer's  devil}. 
5.  A  dish,  as  of  cold  meat,  prepared  by  seasoning  highly 
and  broiling  or  frying.  6.  An  expletive:  used  profanely 
or  humorously;  usually  preceded  by  the.  7.  [Anglo*Ind.] 
A  dust=storm  or  dust»whirl.  [  <  AS.  deofol,  diobal,  < 
Gr.  dlabolos,  slanderer  ]— dev'il  =fish",  n.  One  of  various 
large  marine  animals  of  ugly  appearance,  as  an  octopus. — 
dev'il-ish,  a.  Having  the  qualities  of  the  devil;  diabolical; 
malicious.  Syn.:  see  infernal. — dev'11-ish-Iy,  adv. — 
dev'11-lsh-ness,  n. — dev'il-ment,  n.  Mischief;  usually 
not  malicious.— devil's  darning-needle.  1.  A  dragon«fty. 
2.  TheVenus's=comb.— dev'il-tryz,  n.  [-tries,  pi.)  Wanton 
and  malicious  mischief,  or  the  spirit  inciting  to  it.  dev'il-ryt. 

de'vi-ous,  1  dl'vi-us;  2  de'vi-us,  a.  1.  Winding  or  leading 
away  from  a  straight  course;  rambling.  2.  Straying 
from  the  way  of  duty.  [  <  L.  devius,  <  de,  from,  +  via, 
way.]  Syn.:  see  irregular. — de'vi-ous-ly,  adv. — dc'vl- 
ous-ness,  n. 

de-vise',  1  di-vaiz';  2  de-vis',  v.    [de-vised';  de-vis'ing] 

1.  t.    1.  To  form  in  the  mind;  invent;  contrive;  scheme. 

2.  Law.  To  transmit  (real  estate)  by  will.  II.  i.  To 
form  plans  or  schemes;  contrive;  construct.  [<  F. 
deviser,  <  L.  divisus;  see  device.],  de-vize't;  de-vyse't. 
— de-vis'a-bl(ep,  a. — de-vi'sal,  n.  The  act  of  contriving  or 
of  bequeathing;  a  devising. — dev"i-see\  n.  The  person  to 
whom  a  devise  is  made. — de-vis'er,  n.  One  who  contrives. 
— de-vi'sor,  n.    One  who  gives  by  will. 

de-vise',  n.  Law.  1.  A  gift  of  lands  by  will.  2.  The  act  of 
bequeathing  lands.  3.  A  will,  or  clause  of  a  will,  con- 
veying real  estate. 

de-vl'tal-ize,  1  di-vcii'tal-aiz;  2  dc-vi'tal-iz,  vt.  [-ized;  -iz"- 
ing.]  To  destroy  the  vitality  of;  deprive  of  vital  power  or 
of  the  power  to  sustain  life.     de-vi"tal-i-za'tion,  n. 

de-void',  1  di-void';  2  de-void',  a.  Not  possessing;  desti- 
tute: with  of.     [<  OF.  desvoidier,  empty  out.] 

de-voir',  1  di-vwfir';  2  de-vwar',  n.  Service  or  duty;  respectful 
attention.     [F.,  <  L.  debco,  owe.]— de-voyr'f. 

dev"o-lu'tlon,  1  dev"o-liu'Shan;  2  dev"o-lu'shon,  n.  1.  The 
act  of  delivering  to  another;  a  passing  to  a  successor.  2. 
[Recent.]  Degeneration:  the  opposite  of  evolution. 

dc-volv(e'8,  1  di-volv';  2  de-volv',  v.  [de-volv(e)d'b; 
de-volv'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  deliver  over,  as  to  a  suc- 
cessor; transmit.  2||.  To  roll  down  or  onward.  II.  i. 
To  pass  from  a  possessor  to  his  successor  or  substitute: 
with  to,  on,  or  upon.  [  <  L.  de,  down,  +  volvo,  roll.] — 
de-volve'ment,  n. 

Dev'on,  1  dev'an;  2  dev'on,  n.  A  valuable  breed  of  small 
cattle  originating  in  southwestern  England.  See  cattle. 

De-vo'nl-an,  1  di-vo'ni-an;  2  de-vo'ni-an,  n.  Gcol.  The 
fourth  period  of  the  Paleozoic  era. — De-vo'ni-an,  a. 

de-vote',  1  di-vot';  2  de-vot',  vt.  [ue-vot'ed11;  de-vot'- 
ini;.]  1.  To  give  or  surrender  completely,  as  to  some 
person  or  end.  2.  To  set  apart ;  dedicate;  consecrate.  3. 
To  doom;  curse;  execrate.  [  <  L.  devotus,  <  de,  from,  + 
eoveo,  vow.]— de-vot 'ed,  pa.  1.  Feeling  or  showing  devo- 
tion; ardent;  zealous;  devout.  2.  Set  apart  as  by  a  vow; 
consecrated;  also,  doomed.  Syn.:  see  addicted;  faithful; 
holy,  —de-vot .'ed-ly,  adv.  de-vot'ed-ness,  n.  dcv"n- 
tee',  n.  One  zealously  devoted,  especially  to  religious  ob- 
servances; a  votary;  zealot. — dev"o-tee'ism,  n. 

dC-VO'tion,  1  dl-vo's1i;>n;  2  de-vo'shon,  it.      1.  The  stale 

of  being  devoted,  as  to  religious  faith  or  duty;  zeal.  2. 
An  act  of  worship:  prayer:  usually  in  i  he  plural.  3.  The 
acl  of  devoting.  Syn.:  see  allegiance;  attachment;  en- 
thusiasm; fidelity;  friendship;  love;  prayer;  religion. 
-  de-vo'tion-al,  a.  of  or  pertaining  to  devotion;  de- 
vout,   -ly,  adv. 

de-vour',  1  di-vaur';  2  de-vour',  vt.  1.  To  '-.'it  up  greedily; 
consume;  appropriate  eagerly  or  rapaciously.  2.  To 
destroy;  make  away  with  violently;  waste.  3.  To  luck 
at  eagerly.  [<  L,  de,  thoroughly,  |-  voro,  devour.] — 
de-vour 'er,  n. 

dc-vout',  1  di-vaut';  2de-vout',  a.  1.  Earnestly  religious; 
pious;  reverent.    2.  Warmly  devoted;  heartfelt;  sincere, 

3.  Containing  or  expressing  devotion,  especially  relig- 
ious devotion.     [<  OF.  devot,  F.  divot,  <  I.    devotus; 
see  devote.]— de-vout'ly,  adv.     1.  in  .-i  devoul   manner; 
with  reverence  or  solemnity.    2.  In  Blncere  earnestness, 
de-vout'ness,  n.   The  state  or  quality  of  being  devout. 


dew,  1  did;  2  du.  I.  vt.  To  wet  with  or  as  with  dew;  be- 
dew; hence,  to  soothe;  refresh.  II.  n.  1.  Moisture  con- 
densed from  the  atmosphere  in  small  drops  upon  the 
upper  surface  of  plants.  2.  Anything  moist,  gentle,  or 
refreshing  as  dew  or  suggesting  the  freshness  of  dewy 
morning.  [<  AS.  deaw.] — dew'ber"ry,  n.  1.  The 
fruit  of  the  low  blackberry;  also,  the  plant.  2.  The  acidulous 
fruit  of  an  English  bramble;  also,  trie  plant. — dew'=claw", 
n.  A  rudimentary  toe  in  dogs  or  cattle. — dew=clawed,  a. — 
dew'drop",  n.  A  drop  of  dew. — dew'lap",  ti.  The  pendu- 
lous skin  under  the  throat,  of  cattle. — dew-point,  n.  The 
temperature  at  which  dew  would  form  or  condensation  would 
occur. — dew'y,  a.  1.  Moist,  as  with  dew.  2.  Of,  like,  or 
yielding  dew.    3.  Appearing  as  if  covered  with  dewdrops. 

Dew'ar,  1  diu'ar:  2  du'ar,  Sir  James  (1842-  ).  A  Scot- 
tish chemist  and  educator  in  experimental  philosophy. 

De  Wet,  1  da  vet;  2  de  vet,  Christian  Rudolph  (1854-  ). 
A  Boer  general  and  writer. 

Dew'ey,  1  diu'i:  2  du'y,  George  (1S37-1917).  A  United  States 
admiral;  victor  at  Manila  Bav.    See  Manila. 

De  Witt,  1  di  wit;  2  de  wit.  1.  Cornelius  or  Kornelis  (1623- 
1672) ,  a  Dutch  statesman  and  naval  officer;  killed  by  a  mob. 
2.  John  (1625-1672),  a  Dutch  statesman;  brother  of  Cor- 
nelius, with  whom  he  was  killed. 

dex'ter,  1  deks'tar;  2  deks'ter,  a.  1.  Right=hand;  right; 
in  heraldry,  on  the  wearer's  right,  and  hence  the  specta- 
tor's left.  2.  Favorable;  propitious.  [L.,  right.] — dex- 
ter'l-ty,  n.  1.  Readiness  and  skill  in  using  the  hands;  ex- 
pertness.     2.  Mental  quickness,  adroitness,  or  skill. 

Syn.:  adroitness,  aptitude,  cleverness,  expertness,  readi- 
ness, skill.  Adroitness  (F.  d,  to,  and  droit,  right)  and  dex- 
terity (L.  dexter,  right,  right«hand)  might  each  be  rendered 
"right=handedness":  but  adroitness  carries  more  of  the  idea 
of  eluding,  parrying,  or  checking  some  hostile  movement ,  or 
taking  advantage  of  another  in  controversy;  dexterity  con- 
veys the  idea  of  doing,  accomplishing  something  readily  and 
well,  without  reference  to  any  action  of  others.  We  speak  of 
adroitness  in  fencing,  boxing,  or  debate;  of  dexterity  in  horse- 
manship, in  the  use  of  tools,  weapons,  etc.  Aptitude  (L. 
aptus,  fit,  fitted)  is  a  natural  readiness,  which  by  practise 
may  be  developed  into  dexterity.  Skill  is  more  exact  to  line, 
rule,  and  method  than  dexterity.  Dexterity  can  not  be  com- 
municated, and  oftentimes  can  not  even  be  explained  by 
its  possessor;  skill  to  a  very  great  extent,  can  be  imparted; 
"skilled  workmen"  in  various  trades  are  numbered  by 
thousands.  Compare  ability;  address;  clever;  ingenu- 
ity; power;  skilful. 

— dex'tcr-ous,  dex'trous,  a.  Characterized  by  dex- 
terity; skilful  or  adroit;  artful.  Syn.:  see  clever;  good; 
happy.— dex'ter-ous-ly,dex'trous-ly,orf!'.— dex'ter-ous- 
ness,  dex'trous-ness,  n. — dex'tral,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to, 
or  situated  on  the  right  side;  right-hand,  -ly,  adv. — dex- 
tral  'i-ty,  n. 

d ex 'trad,  1  deks'trad:  2  deks'trad,  adv.  On  or  toward  the 
right  hand  or  side.    [<  L.  dexter,  right,  +  ad,  to.] 

dex'trin,  1  deks'tnn;  2  deks'trin,  n.  Cliem.  An  amorphous, 
brownish=white  compound  soluble  in  water,  used  instead 
of  gum  arable.    [<  L.  dexter,  right.]    dex'trinej. 

dex"tro-gy'rate,  1  deks"tro-joi'ret;  2  deks'tro-gy'rat,  a. 
Crystal.  Causing  the  plane  of  polarization  of  light  or  heal  to 
rotate  to  the  right  or  clockwise,  dex-trog'er-ous};  dex"- 
tro-ro'ta-ryt;  dex"tro-ro'ta-to-ryt. 

dex-trorse',  1  deks-trers';  2  deks-trors',  a.  Rising  toward 
the  right:  opposed  to  slnistrorsc;  said  of  the  morning-glory. 
[<  L.  dexlrorsum,  contr.  of  dextrovorsum,  <  dexter,  right,  + 
rurlti.  rtrtii.  turn]    dex-tror'salj. 

dex'trose,  1  deks'tros;  2  deks'tros,  n.  ('Item.  A  sugar  found 
largely  in  the  vegetable  kingdom  and  In  honey,  also  in  the 
blood,  liver,  urine,  etc.     dex"tro-glu'oosel. 

D.  V.,  abbr.  Dean  of  the  Faculty,  Defender  of  the  Faith.— 
dft.,  abbr.  Defendant,  draft,  dg.,  abbr.  Decigram. — D. 
(».,  abbr.  i>ii  gratia  (L.,  by  the  grace  of  God),  /'«'  uratias 
(I,.,  thanks  to  God),  Dragoon  Guards.  - 1).  H.,  abbr.  Dead- 
head. 

dey,  1  de;  2  de,  n.  1.  A  Turkish  governor  of  Algiers  (before 
the  French  conquest  of  l,s:(0).  4i.  The  chief  (if  I  he  Janizaries. 
:t.  Some!  Imes,  a  ruler  of  Tunis  or  Tripoli.  [F.,  <  Turk,  tttti. 
uncle]  [hunts  In  packs. 

dhole,  1  dol;  2  ddl,  n.  HE.  Ind.]   A  wild  dog  of  S.  E,  Asia  that 

dhoor'ra,  dhour'ra,  dhur'ra,  n.    See  Duns  i 

dhOW,  1   dun;:.'  (low,  n.   |Ar.]    A  coasting  \  essel  of  the  Indian 

ocean,  having  one  mast  and  a  lateen  sail,     dowl. 
dllU,  1  (1Q;  2  dl.l,  a.     Black;  used  In  (  leltlC  Dames  Of  places  and 

persons;    as,    Roderick    i>iiu   (black    Roderick),     [Gaelic] 
duhlij. 
dl-1,  prefix.    Two;  twofold;  double;  twice;  doubly.     [  •     L.  dt-, 

( :r.  dU,      dU,  doubly,  ■    dyo,  two.] 

dl-2,  prefix.     Form  of  nis-  before  l>,  it.  </,  /,  /.  in.  n.  r.  r:  used  to 

indicai ipara!  Ion 

dl-3,  prefix.    Form  of  dia-  before  a  vowel, 

dl'a-,  prefix.    Through;  thoroughly,    [<  I.,  dia-,  <  Gr.  dia-, 

<  dia,  through,  across,  etc.,  -     dyo,  two.] 
dl"a-he'tcs,  ]  dal'8-bl'tlz;  2  di'a-lie'ies.  n.    Pathol.  A  disease 

ordinarily   characterized    by   excessive    urinary   sccrctlou, 


.luM.rl«- 
IMilt  r..t 


I  ,  ,.  B        «.t.  flr;    full.  rttlCi    bOt,  bOrn; 

ii        ii  ft,  not,  Or,  won,      WX 


..i  i. .       ,11    .- 


. 


•11    i-.  ni 

II             1 

1. 

liffcr- 

-_.-,                                    distin- 

i 

! 

ill     i-,  rll    I-.  al-ll 
1. 

oorate 
ibolof 

II             1 

'.'. 

•     . 

'.  diiuitma.  <  iii  i.  through.  +  dift,  uiuu.j 

[-N"-i  d'1  : 

-i-.         i                  rmlna- 

nation 

e  like, 
angle, 

•;.   \ 

inning 
i^i-d  r 'i 

II            1 

.1. 
- 

,-    1  It  .             -M-c.il-l\  . 
1. 

-  <.r  tl 
in  one 

onal    r.  ..           :\.     \n\ 

m  right  in  l<  ft 

».•-:• 

Shilling 

gonalls.  <   <;r.  dia.  through.   +  gOnia. 

anical 

•in  outline  figure, 
ili  "i- 
■  ti     i-,-r  iin-iu  i-    ,-,  ,i|-h  . 

OF  :iml 
Dl  i-    ■    -GRAPHO 
1                                                     '  M.I.KI),    Dl'- 

ire  or  gurvcy 
II.         1.  \  device  for  indicat- 

1    ■ 

[<  L  '"         *• 

An 

• 

-:•>■•         ■  r   r  ,n  .'iimei;,-         t 

•'1            ' 
1 

'I 

tv  .-_•  • 

kF& 

. -.1  .  ■.  1 

ii         i                            «s 

■ 

dl"»-lec 

- 

H-.  ii-i, 

i  n 
i 

lla         ■.'.  i  'nder- 
iii ' 'iI-Hhk:.     dl'al-er,  ■ 
'  ■,  dial     dl'- 

al- 
dl'a- 

di    i- 

•  1 
log. 

1  •  >j  1 1 

dlil-l-t. 

dl'al- 


eonver- 

■.r  more 
Gr.  dialo- 

:*»k.j 


,11    a-log'lr,  ill  ".i-loic  'l-ral: :      dl".i-lo-uls'||(-; ; 

,ii- .1  o-ft-U  ii.  ii  .      iir.i-ion'i-i.ii-h.  <n-.iio- 

part  I 

.  i  in  in   B  ,ii  al'o  I'Nin,  '.     i. 

\n  inference  «  nil  b    Ini  le  prom 
■    ii       ii     ttialOQltmo) .       Qi 
talk  1 
iii-.ii  | -^k.  n.    1.  Beparatlon  ol 

,^i\  ur  normally  loll 

■  |  .ii  ,,r  oontlni  I  file  tepa- 

..f  mixed  substances  ,,f  unoqual  diffusl- 

-  mola!  im-niiii 

i  I.    .:        Debility;  weakness,  especially 

..  in  open  wound.    li.i...  •    Gr.dlalv- 

epai  i..      dia,  apart,   t   lyo,  loose]    dl".i- 

|)  I  '|c,  ill  'a-l>  /.»',   it. 

dl. mi..  i  dameter. 

.ii  .i-in. m 'net-lam,  1  dal*e-mag'net-lzm:2dr*8  maifnCt-lBm, 
Dl  bodies  having  a  low  magnetic  suscepti- 
bility in  lie  ai  i kin  angles  i"  the  lines  Joining  the  poles  "f  a 
Compare  para mj  dl"a-mag-net'lc.  a 

dl-am'e-ter,  1  doi-am'i-ter;  2  dl-am'e-ter,  n.  A  line 
through  the  center,  as  of  a  circle  or  Bphere,  terminated 
ai  the  boundary  thereof;  the  length  of  such  a  line.    (  < 

iH"a-inrl  'rl-ral,  a. 

I.OI  ur  pertaining  to  a  diameter;  coinciding  with  a  diameter. 
dl-ain'<-iral:.    '.'.  <  if  ur  pertaining  to  the  ends  ol  a  dlam- 

djrectly  adverse  or  opposite,  and  as  far  removed 
ul"a-mcl 'ri<:.     di":i-nn-t 'rl-eul-ly,  adv.    1.  In  the 
manner  of  a  diameter,    '!■  Irrecoucllably. 
di'a-mond,  1  doi's-mend;  2  di'a-mond,  n      1.  A  gem  of 

■  refractive  power,  i  i  ntially  ol  crj   tal- 

uced  carbon,    when  pun-  it  is  a  val 
great  refractive  power,  with  a  beautiful  play  o 
matic  My, 

when  int.  2.  A  figure 
bounded  by  four  equal 
straight  lines,  and  having 
two  of  the  angles  acute  and 

two  obtuse;  a  rhumb  or 
lozenge.  3.  Print.  A  size  of 
type  inxt  larger  than  bril- 
liant: 4-  or  4J«point. 

This  line  is  set  in  diamond. 

4.  A  lozenge«Bhaped  spot  on 
a  playing«card,  or  a  card 
or  (in  the  plural)  suit  so 
marked.  5.  Baseball.  The 
e  enclosed  bythe 
lines  connecting  the  bases.  p£  £™£" 

ti    .    Adamant.    [<Gr.     OOO- Eohlnoor  euL  6.  Doul 

mas,    <  a-  priv.   +   dam  '    7.  T»we  cut  ».  Bri..ieti« 

di'a-moHd-ed,  a.  <-lniimn  cut)- 
Dl-an'a,  1  dal-an'a;  2  dl-&n'a,  n.  1.  Rom.  Myth.  An  Italic 
divinity,  Identified  by  Romans  with  Artemis;  the  moon« 
goddess;  hence,  the  moon.  2.  Diana  of  Poitiers  (1499- 
•  Henry  ii.  of  France;  Bald  to  have  insti- 
gated the  persecution  of  the  Huguenots.  :i.  D.  of  the  Ephe- 
slaiis.  an    \  ';  personifying  the  fruitfulness  of 

nature,   identified  with  the  Greek  Artemis.     Sec  Ads   xix. 
28.    [L.l 
di":i-|>a's(>n,  1  dai"a-pe'sen;  2  dt"a-pa'son,  n.    1.  Mus.  A 
principal  stop  in  a  pipe«organ,  characterized  by  fulness 
and  richness  of  tone.    2.  Comprehensive  or  fundamental 
harmony;  accord.     [<  Or.  dia,  through,  -4-  pas,  all.] 
dl'a-pcr,   1  dui'a-par;  2  di'a-per,  n.     1.  A  fine  figured 
silken  or  linen  cloth.     2.  A  form  of  surfacesdccoration 
nri  and  architecture,  consisting  of  flower  pat- 
■  trie  designs,  etc.,  either  carved  or  painted. 
mfanis'  breech=cloth.    4.  A  cloth  used  as  a  towel. 
pre,  <  L.  iaspU.  jasper.] 
dl-aph'a-nous,  j  1  dai-ai'a-nns;  2  dl-afa-ntis,  a.    Show- 
di-al 'a-nous1',    jing  Light  through  its  substance;  trans- 
parent;  translucent.     [<  Gr.  dia,  through,   +  phaino, 

■1  BAB. 
— dl"a-|ilia-ne'l-ty,  n. 
dfa-phon'fc,  1  dal'a-fen'ik;  2  dl'a-fOn'le.  a.    Same  as  dia- 
<;r.  diaphOnos,    <    din,   through.    +    phdni, 
i|l"a-p!ion'l-cal:.  -dl"a-plion'ies,/r  Uiacoustics. 
i|i"a-|iho-re'sis,    1    dai'a-fo-ri'sis;   2   dra-fo-re'sis,    n.  Med. 
is  perspiration.    [<  Gr.  diaphoresis,  <  dia,  through, 
-f  phOTti,  freq.  of  phero,  carry.]— dl"a-pho-ret'lc.     I.  a. 
Producing  perspiration.     II.  n.     A  medicine  that  Increase* 
it  ion.  -   dl"a-plio-ret  '1-cal,  a. 
di 'a-pliragm,  /  1   dui'a-fram;  2  dl'a-fram,  n.     1.  ^4naf. 
dl'a-iram*t      5  An  important  muscle  used  in  respii 

■ii  between  the  thoracic  and  abdominal  cavities, 
mid  'rlff+.  2.  Any  dividing  membrane  or  partition.  3, 
Mech.  Any  device  supposed  to  resemble  a  diaphragm 
(see  def.  1),  as  the  thin  vibrating  disk  of  a  telephone. 


Forms  of  Cut  Diamonds. 


l:a  =  final;    I  =  habit^   aisle;    an  =  out;    ell:    lu  =  feMd;    rfhin;    go;    ij  =  sing;    Chin,   this,      diablerlo 
233       2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.         Diderot 


[<  Gr.  dia,  through,  +  phragnyml,  enclose.) — dl"a-phrag- 
mat'ic,  a. 

dl"ar-rhe'a,  1  dai"a-ri'a;  2  di"a-re'a,  n.  Morbidly  fre- 
quent and  fluid  evacuation  of  the  bowels.  [  <  Gr. 
diarrhoia,  <  dia,  through,  +  rheo,  flow.]  di"ar-rhce'ai. — 
di"ar-rhe'al,  a.    di"ar-rhe'Ict;  di"ar-rhet'Ict. 

di'a-ry,  1  dai'a-n;  2  di'a-ry,  n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  A  record  of 
daily  events.  [<  L.  diarium,  <  dies,  day.] — di'a-rist, 
n.  One  who  keeps  a  diary;  a  monkish  chronicler  of 
passing  events. 

dI"a-scor'dl-um,  1  dai"a-sker'dt-um;  2  dra-scor'di-um,  n. 
Med.  An  opiated  astringent  electuary  containing  a  prepara- 
tion of  the  water»germander.  [<  dia-  +  Gr.  skordion,  plant 
with  a  garlicky  smell,  <  skordon,  garlic] 

dl'a-stase,  1  dni'a-stes;  2  di'a-stas,  n.  A  white  amorphous 
compound  that  acts  as  a  ferment,  converting  starch  into 
dextrin  and  sugar:  found  in  germinating  grain  and  in  animal 
fluids,  as  saliva,  etc.  [F.,  <  Gr.  diastasis,  separation.]  — 
di"a-stas'ic,  a. 

di-as'to-le,  1  dai-as'to-H;  2  dl-as'to-le,  n.  The  regular  expan- 
sion of  the  heart  and  arteries  in  beating.  Compare  systole. 
[<  Gr.  dia,  apart,  +  stello,  send.]— di"as-tol'lc,  a. 

dl"a-tes'sa-ron,  1  dai"a-tes'a-ron;  2  dl'a-tes'a-ron,  n.  1. 
Mus.  A  perfect  fourth.  2.  Theol.  A  harmony  of  the  four 
Gospels.     [<  Gr.  dialessaron,  a  fourth.] 

dl"a-ther'ma-nous,  1  dai"a-fhur'ma-nus;  2  dl"a-ther'ma- 
nus,  a.  Allowing  the  free  passage  of  the  rays  of  heat.  [< 
Gr.  dia,  through.  +  thermos,  heat.]  di"a-ther'malt;  di"- 
a-ther'micl .—  di"a-ther'mance,  n.  di"a-ther'ma-cyt; 
di"a-ther'man-c.vl:;  di"a-ther"ma-ne'l-tyt. 

di-ath'e-sls,  1  dai-afh'i-sis;  2  dl-ath'e-sis,  n.  Med.  1.  A  pre- 
disposition to  certain  forms  of  disease;  as,  a  gouty  diathesis. 
2.  Any  mental  or  physical  predisposition.  [Gr.,  condition, 
<  dia.  apart,  +  llthemi,  place.] — di"a-thet'ic,  a. — di"a- 
thet'i-cal-ly,  adv. 

dl'a-tom,  1  dai'a-tom;  2  di'a-tom,  n.  Dot.  A  plant  of  the 
Diatomaccas,  an  order  of  microscopic  alga?.  [  <  dia — \-  Gr. 
tome,  a  cutting] — di"a-to-ma'ceous,  a. 

dl"a-tom'ie,  1  dai"a-tem'ik;  2  di'a-tom'ic,  a.  Client.  1.  Con- 
taining only  two  atoms;  as.  a  diatomic  molecule.  2.  Con- 
taining two  replaceable  univalent  atoms.     3.  Bivalent. 

di"a-ton'ic,  1  dai"a-ten'ik;  2  dI"a-ton'ic,  a.  Mus.  Desig- 
nating the  regular  tones  of  a  key  (or  scale),  in  distinc- 
tion from  chromatic  or  occasional  tones.  [  <  Gr.  dia, 
through,  +  teino,  stretch] — di"a-ton'i-caI-ly,  adv. 

di'a-tribe,  1  dai'a-traib;  2  dl'a-trlb,  n.  An  abusive  dis- 
course; invective.  [<  Gr.  diatribe,  wearing  away,  < 
dia,  through,  4-  tribo,  rub.) 

Dl'az,  1  di'as  or  -afh;  2  di'iis  or  -iith,  n.  1.  Bartholomew 
(1445?-1500),  a  Portuguese  navigator,  who  discovered  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope.  2.  Porfirio  US3U-1915),  a  Mexican 
general  and  statesman;  president  of  Mexico,  1877-1880, 
and  1884-1911;  overthrown  by  revolutionary  uprising. 

dl-ba'sic,  1  dai-be'sik;  2  dl-ba'sie,  a.  Chem.  1.  Containing 
two  atoms  of  hydrogen  replaceable  by  a  base,  as  sulfuric  acid. 
2.  Of  or  derived  from  such  an  acid. — di"ba-slc'i-ty,  n. 

dib'bl(ep,  1  dib'l;  2dib'l.  I.  vt.  [dib'bl(e)dp;  dib'bling.] 
To  make  holes  in  (soil)  with  a  dibble;  plant,  or  set  with  a 
dibble.  II.  n.  A  gardeners'  pointed  tool  for  planting 
seeds,  setting  slips,  etc.     [<  dib,  dip,  v.]    dib'btrt. 

dibs,  1  dlbz;  2  dibg,  n.  A  sirup  or  treacle  made  in  Syria  by 
boiling  down  grape=juice  or  dates.    [Ar.] 

dice,  1  dais;  2  die,  vt.  &  vi.  [diced';  dic'ing.]  To  make 
with  a  dice*!ike  pattern;  play  with  dice. 

dice,  n.  pi.  [die,  sing.]  1.  Cubes,  usually  of  bone  or 
ivory,  marked  on  every  side  with  black  spots,  from  one 
to  six,  or  (pokersdice)  with  the  carcWaces  from  nine  to 
ace  inclusive.  2.  A  game  played  with  dice.  [Irreg.  pi. 
of  ME.  dee;  see  die,  n.\ — dlee'sbox",  n.  A  small  box,  from 
which  dice  are  thrown. — dlc'er,  n.  A  player  of  dice. — 
dlc'Ing,  n. 

Dl-cen'tra,  1  di-sen'tra;  2  di-cen'tra,  n.  Bat.  1.  A  genus  of 
low,  delicate,  perennial  herbs,  with  a  raceme  of  pretty  nod- 
ding  rose»colorcd  or  yellow  heart*shaped  flowers,  2.  [d-] 
A  plant  ol  this  genus.     [<  Gr.  dikentros,  with  two  points.] 

dl-cepli'a-lous,  1  dai-sef'a-los;  2  dl-ccf'a-lus.  a.  Having  two 
heads.    [<  Gr.  dikephalos,  <  di-,  DI-1,  +  kephali,  head.] 

dl-chlo'rld,  n.    Same  as  bichi.orid. 

dl-ohot'o-my,  1  dal-kot'o-mr,  2  dI-o6t'o-my,  n.  \-mv.<'-.  pi.] 
Division  into  two  parts  or  inlo  two  branches;  division  by 
pairs;  branching  by  constant  forking;  a  fork.  [<  Qr,  dichot 
omta,  <  dichotomos,  <  dicha,  in  two,  +  IcmnO,  cut.] — dl- 
chot  'o-nious,  <;. 

dl'chro-lsiii,  1  diil'kro-izm;  2  dl'cro-Ism.  n.  1.  The  property 
of  showing  different  colors  when  viewed  in  different  direc- 
tions, exhibited  by  doubly  refracting  crystals.  2.  The  prop- 
erty of  being  differently  colored  in  different  degrees  of  con 
centratlon:  shown  by  some  solutions,    I  '  Gr.  dlchroo*,  two* 

colored,    <   di-,  Di-  ,   +   citron,  color]     dl-chro'!c,  a. 
dl"chro-mat'ic,  l  dal'kro-mat'ik;2dI*ero-mat'le,  a.    Saving 
either  of  two  colors:  specifically,  In  zoology,  said  of  certain 
owls,  herons,  parrots,  insects,  etc.,  that,  apart  from  changes 


due  to  age  or  sex,  exhibit  a  coloration  differing  from  the  nor- 
mal.   bi"chro-mat'ict.—  di-chro'ma-tism,  n. 

dlck'ens,  1  dik'enz;  2  dik'eng,  n.    [Colloq.]  The  devil. 

Dick'ens,  Charles  (1812-1870).  An  English  novelist  and 
reformer;  David  Coppcrfleld. 

dick'er1,  1  dik'ar;  2  dik'er.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [U.  S.]  To  make 
a  petty  trade;  barter;  haggle.  II.  n.  A  petty  trade ;  bar- 
gain; deal.   [  <~L.deeuria,  division  by  tens,  <  decern,  ten.] 

dick'er2||,  n.    Ten;  especially,  ten  hides  or  skins. 

dick'ey,  }  1  dik'i;2  dik'y,  n.    1.  A  detachable  linen  shirt=front; 

dick'y,  (false  bosom.  2.  An  outside  seat  of  a  carriage, 
especially  one  behind  the  body,  for  servants.  3.  A  pinafore 
or  bib.    4.  [New  Eng.]  A  high  shirt=collar. 

dI-cot"y-le'don,  1  dcti-kotT-li'dan;  2  di-cot"y-le'don,  n.  Bot. 
A  plant  having  two  cotyledons. — dl-cot"y-led 'o-nous,  a. 

diet.,  abbr.    Dictator,  dictionary. 

dic'tate,  1  dik'tet;  2  dic'tat.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [Dic'TAT-EDd ; 
dic'tat-ing.]  1.  To  declare  with  authority;  command; 
prescribe.  2.  To  communicate  orally  (something  to  be 
written  by  an  amanuensis).  II.  n.  1.  An  authoritative 
suggestion  or  prompting;  a  rule,  precept,  or  maxim.  2. 
A  positive  order.  [  <  L.  dictatus,  pp.  of  dicto,  freq.  of 
dico,  say.] 

Syn.:  command,  decree,  direct,  enjoin,  order,  prescribe, 
require.  See  speak. — Ant.:  accept,  follow,  obey,  submit,  yield. 
— dlc-ta'tion,  n.     1.  The  act  of  dictating;  also,  that 
which  is  dictated.     2.  Arbitrary  control. 

die- ta 'tor,  1  dik-te'tar;  2  dlc-ta'tor,  n.  1.  A  person  in- 
vested with  absolute  power,  especially  in  time  of  emer- 
gency. 2.  One  who  dictates. — dic"ta-to'ri-al,  a. 
Given  to  dictating;  overbearing;  imperious;  absolute.  Syn.: 
see  absolute;  arbitrary;  dogmatic;  imperious.— dic"- 
ta-to'ri-al-ly,  adv.  —  dlc"ta-to'ri-al-ness,  re.  —  dic-ta'- 
tor-ship,  n.  1.  The  office,  or  term  of  office,  of  a  dictator. 
2.  Supreme  control. 

dic'tion,  1  dik'Shan;  2  die'shon,  n.  The  use,  choice,  and 
arrangement  of  words  and  modes  of  expression.  [  <  L. 
dictio(n-),  <  dico,  say.] 

Syn.:  expression,  language,  phase,  phraseology,  style,  ver- 
biage, vocabulary,  wording,  words.  An  author's  diction  is 
strictly  his  choice  and  use  of  words,  with  no  special  reference 
to  thought;  expression  regards  the  words  simply  as  the  ve- 
hicle of  the  thought.  Phrase  and  phraseology  apply  to  words 
or  combinations  of  words  which  are  somewhat  technical;  as, 
in  legal  phraseology;  in  military  phrase.  Diction  is  general; 
wording  is  limited;  we  speak  of  the  diction  of  an  author  or  of  a 
work,  the  wording  of  a  proposition,  of  a  resolution,  etc.  Ver- 
biage never  bears  this  sense  (see  circumlocution).  The 
language  of  a  writer  or  speaker  may  be  the  national  speech  he 
employs;  as,  the  English  or  French  language;  or  the  word 
may  denote  his  use  of  that  language;  as,  the  author's  lan- 
guage is  well  (or  ill)  chosen.  Style  includes  diction,  expres- 
sion, rhetorical  figures  such  as  metaphor  and  simile,  the 
effect  of  an  author's  prevailing  tone  of  thought,  of  his  per- 
sonal traits— in  short,  all  that  makes  up  the  clothing  or 
thought  in  words;  thus,  we  speak  of  a  figurative  style,  a 
frigid  or  an  argumentative  style,  etc.,  or  of  the  style  of  Ma- 
caulay,  Prescott,  or  others.  An  author's  vocabulary  is  the 
range  of  words  which  he  brings  into  his  use.  Compare 
language. 

dic'tion-a-ry,  1  dik'sTian-e-n;  2  dic'shon-a-ry,  n.  [-rie.hz, 
■pi.]  A  book  containing  the  words  of  any  language,  or  of 
any  department  of  knowledge,  arranged  alphabetically, 
defined,  and  pronounced;  lexicon;  word»book;  vocab- 
ulary. 

dic'to-graph,  1  dlk'to-grnf;  2  dlc'to-graf,  n.  A  telephone 
capable  of  reproducing  sounds  made  ;it  a  considerable  dis- 
tance from  the  transmitter  and  audible  at  a  corresponding 
distance  from  the  receiver:  used  to  transmit  or  overhear 
conversations,  and  to  gather  evidence  in  lawsuits,  etc. 
dfc'la-grapli ',.     [Erroneous  form.] 

dlc'to-phone,  1  dik'to-fon;  2  dlc'to-rfm,  n.  A  recording  and' 
transmit  ting  instrument  used  for  dictating  literary  produc- 
tions of  various  kinds  to  be  reproduced  at  will.  [  <  L.  dicto, 
to  repeat,  +  phone.] 

dlc'tum,  1  dik'tum;  2  dic'tfim,  n.  [dic'ta,  pi]  1.  An 
authoritative  or  positive  utterance.  2.  /,</»■.  An  opinion 
by  a  judge  on  a  point  not  essential  tothedecisi i  tin- 
main  Question,  ob'l-tor  dir'tiimt.  [M  Syn:  Bee  IDAQB 

did,  1  did;2dW.  imp.  of  do,  o.    didd  ;  did'on}  |pl.]. 

dl-dac'tlc,  1  doi-dak'tik;  2  dl-dae'tie,  a  Pertaining  to  or 
of  the  nature  of  teaching;  preceptive;  expository.  [< 
Gr  dlddkHkos,  api  to  teach.]  dl-dac'tl-calt.  dl-aac'tl- 
cal-ly.  ode  dl-dac'tl-clsm,  n  dt-dac'tlcs,  n.  The 
science  or  art  ol  Instruction  or  education:  distinguished  trom 
pedagogic*  in  thai  H  Includes  the  sclenoe  of  training,  as  well 

ms  or  instructing,  and  relates  more  especially  to  the  young. 

did 'die1,  1  dld'l;  2  dld'l,  vt.  [Colloq.]  To  cheat;  also,  to  bor- 
row.—dld'dler,  n. 

did  'die2,  rt.  iDiai]  1.  To  toddle;  Jog.    2.  To  dawdle. 

l)lde"rol',  I  durro';  2  did"ro',  Denis  (1713-1784).  A  French 
savant  ;iin I  lopedlSt. 


Illl 


,         .  I  |  A     not,  Ar:    full,  rftlr;   l.llt,  hrtrn; 

,         ,      ,         .       .  >.i  i         ....  ui'ii,  <>..  won, 


m 


•  llf    ! 


'playing; 

l  cubical 

.    block  or  body. 
.11.- 
dl(       I ii k   I iitc,  n. 

I 

II  inductor, 

,   ip  -,:i.(mmi) 
;•' ]    I. 

t. 

nirs 

■  ■ 

1.  .    n. .11   )url  'I.  '  .   which  Ilii 

I 
II-         I  ■!  ilnnk 

ingly.    '£. 

I  linking; 
3   . 

.11  '•  l-a-r>  .1.         I 

.11  '.(-.  r. 

•  II  ".- 
.11 

ill".  -I.I    I  ■  i 
ritrr  In  •       .  ill". -II  rUn: . 

I  •    quality, 


I. 


■  un  !■■  t  I ,  anothi  i     .">.   I  I  ho    i" 

■  ".  rcntin    *••  '  ■•»>     \  margin  thai  ba  i 

con  ■  mi  hi    .ii  cr<  pani  i . 

llH|Htrll       ill    h I II )     (II    lllui 

mill       i •  i  '■  I..  ■    Inequallt  I .  un 

\  ii  i  iiion  \  nrlcl  \      inp,  ihi    talcoi  quail)  y 

,  i     the  amount  ■■(  men  unllkt  m 

1     i  on  la  In  mir 

'.'H.iii    .,  .•    ■:■.. itoa  i    in  our  definition  or  de- 
iii  mental  Image  ol  them     Careful  discrimination 
■  .1  distinctions,    Disparity  Ih 
'i  hi  Inequality,  Implying  thai  one  iiiinn  talis  far 
Hi.  disparity  .if  ..ur  achievements  when 
.:,  .i  w  nil  oui  botwocn  things: 

.  |    ;   .  , .  n,,:  i,.  .i  .  ■  ffi  .  • .  ■  between  those 
,.., .      ii,,  net  in  account!  i  hal  f ;» 1 1  in 

i  -I.."/  Involves  more  than  two  objects;  bo,  In 
■       ition  i  ■  :i  difft  ■'  in  ■  in  i  be  oondj- 
on  ol  the  Bame  objeel  ni  different  times     Dit- 
•  i.  no)  in.T.h  the  lack,  bul  the  opposite,  ..f  agree- 
ment; ii  i- .'.  mild  vmtiI  fur  opposition  and  conflict;  dtffi  renee 
used  in  the  same  sense,    Bee  remaindbh 
greement.  consonance,  harmony,  Identity,  likeness, 

ilmllarlty,    uniformity,    unity. 
Difference  between  the  old  and  the  new;  differences 
in.  ii.  a  difference  In  character;  o/actlon;  of  style;  (less 
frcquentlj  <  n  difference  (controversi  i  tcttha  person;  adiffer- 
,ii I.,  i  in i it;  from  (Incorrectly  to)  another. 
dlFfer-ent,  1  dif'sr-eni ;  2  dlf  er-6nt,  o.    I.  Not  the  same; 
distinct;  other,     'i.   Marked   by  :i  difference;   unlike. 
i  ii  un . 
■i if  'ii-r-cii i-i> .  ad\     dlf'fer-ent-neasi  n, 

illf"fiT-i'n'(l-;i,  1  illf  ..r-cn'shi-. ..:.'. llf". T-.-irslii-a.  h,     [-TI--K, 

/it  |    /  \    pecinc  difference;  a  characteristic  attribute 

distinguishing  a  species  From  others  of  the  same  genus.  |i..| 
dlffer-en'ttal,  l  dif'or-en'shal;  L>  dlf'er-en'shal.  I.  a. 
I.  Relating  t",  making,  ..r  marked  by  a  difference,  '&. 
.  tive;  discriminative.  :i.  Math.  Pertaining  to  or 
involving  differentials.  II.  n.  Math  Vn  infinitesima] 
difference  between  two  values  ol  a  quantity!     dlf'frr- 

rn  'tlal-l)  ,  mlr 

dlffer-en'M-ate)  1  difer-en'shi-St;  2  dff'er-Sn'ahi-Rt,  v. 

|-m"ii.  ■.    si"r...|    I.  (.    1.  To  constitute  a  difference 
I,.  't«.-i  ii  .  In-  :i  ri  Kirk  distinguishing  frmn.    'I.  To  discrim- 
inate and  indicate  the  specific  differences  of,  as  of  new 
:t.   I  o  in  titute  and  establish  a  difference  be- 
tween; aa,  many  words  once  synonymous  .-ire  now  dif- 
I.  Biol.  To  cause  to  become  different;  spe- 
cialize in  form  or  functions;  develop  variation  in  or 
among,  as  in  plants  by  cultivation.    5.  Math.  Toderive 
the  differential  of  (a  function)  in  terms  of  that  of  a  vari- 
able mi  which  ii  depends     II.  i.    To  acquire  b  distinct 
,  parate  character,    s.vn.:  Bee  i  ontrast.    dlf  fer-en- 
(l-a'tlon,  n.    The  act,  process,  or  n-^uii  of  differentiating, 
iiif'ti-ril  (•-;,"     Hard; Impracticable. 

clif'ti-ctilt,  1  dif'i-kult;  2dlf'i  i suit,  a.    1.  Hard  indoor  be 
done;  arduous;  perplexing.    2.  llar.l  to  persuade,  over- 
fy;ini  rac table;  exacting. 
Syn.:  arduous,  exhausting,  bard,  laborious,  onerous,  se- 

y.T.'.  toll  Ome,  ir.'.im;.     Arduous  (I..  ardUUS,  slr.'in  signifies 

primarily  so  steep  and  lofty  as  to  be  difficult  of  ascent,  and 
hence  applies  to  thai  which  Involves  nn-.-it  and  sustained 
•  i  ordinarily  fur  :i  lofty  aim;  great  learning  can 
only  be  won  by  arduous  toll.  Hard  applies  to  anything  that 
our  endeavors  as  a  scarcely  penetrable  muss  resists 
our  phj  ileal  force.    Anything  is  hard  thai  Involves  tux  and 

■  In  ther  of  the  physical  or  mental  powers.     Difficult  Is 

.■.I  ot  thai  which  merely  taxes  physical  force;  a  dead 
iifi  is  called  hard  rather  than  difficult;  breaking  stone  on  the 
road  would  be  called  hard  rather  than  difflt  alt  work;  that  is 
difficult  which  Involves  skill,  Bagaclty,  or  address,  with  or 
without  a  considerable  expenditure  of  physical  force;  a  geo- 
metrical problem  mas  be  difficult  to  solve,  a  tangled  skein  to 
unravel  a  mountain  difficult  to  ascend.  Hard  may  be  active 
or  pat  Ivi  a  thing  may  be  hard  to  do  or  hard  to  bear.  Ardu- 
atways  active.  Thai  which  is  laooriout  or  toUsomt 
lti  ,  ii,  teadj  application  ol  labor  or  toil  till 
accoi  onu  Is  the  stronger  word     That  which  la 

i    onu     a  burden)  la  mentally  burdensome  or  op- 
!;•   pom  Ibillty  may  be  onerous  even  when  It  ln- 
peclal  exertion.    Bee  uiouous;  habo;  obscure; 
ii    rn  ■■  m.i Bom.    Ant.:  easy,  facile,  light,  pleas- 
Ifling,  trivial. 
dlf'fl-cult-lyi,  mil      dlf 'fl-eul-ty,  n.    [-ties':.  pi)    i. 
illty  of  being  difficult.    2.  An  obstacle;  hin- 
drance: objection     3.  M'   si  A  quarrel.    4.  Financial  cm- 
•  .  r        barra    menl    a  strait .  trouble:  generally  in  the  plural.  Syn.: 
"i  i  out 
pinion;    dlffl-dont,  1  dif'i-dent;  2  dlf'i-dent,  a.     1.  Affected  or 
elf  "distrust;  timid;  shy;  modest.    2IU 
ped   by   '•nh-        I  'i  i  ni  iful  of  others;  doubtful.    [<  L.  din-,  apart,  asup- 


1: a  =  final;    1=  habit;    aisle;    Ml  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    <fhin;    go;    r\  =  sing;   fhin,  this,  DldO 

235  2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    tbin,    this.  dill 


der,  +  fides,  faith.]— dlf'fl-dence,  re.  Self=distrust;  shyness; 
modesty,    dlf'fi-dent-nessj.— dlf'fi-dent-ly,  adv. 

dif-fract',  1  di-frakt';  2  di-fract',  vt.  To  separate  into  parts; 
decompose,  as  rays  of  light.  [<  L.  diffraclus,  pp.,  <  dis-, 
Dis-,  +  frango,  break.]— d!f-frac'tion,  re.  1.  Optics.  A 
deviation  of  rays  of  light  from  a  straight  course  when  par- 
tially cut  off  by  any  obstacle  or  passing  near  the  edges  of  an 
opening.  2.  Acoustics.  A  similar  deviation  of  sound=waves 
in  passing  the  angle  or  edge  of  a  large  body. — dlf-frac'- 
tlv(es,  a. 

dif-fuse',    t  1  di-fiiiz';  2  di-fus/,  vt.  &  vi.     [dif-fused'; 

dif-fuze'p,  S  dif-fus'ing.]  To  pour  or  send  out  so  as  to 
spread  in  all  directions;  spread  abroad;  circulate;  perme- 
ate. [  <  L.  dis-.  apart,  +  /undo,  pour.]  Sim.:  see  spread. 
— diMUs'l-blte1*,  a.  Spreading  rapidly  and  energetically. — 
dlf-fus"i-biri-ty,re.  dir-rus'l-bl(e-nesspJ.— dlf-fu'slon, 
n.  1.  The  act  or  process  of  diffusing,  or  the  state  of  being 
diffused:  a  scattering;  dissemination;  dispersion;  circulation. 
2.  Physics.  The  spontaneous  intermingling  of  the  molecules 
of  two  fluids,  as  of  gases:  distinguished  from  mixture  by  me- 
chanical force  or  by  the  action  of  gravity. — dif-fu'slv(e3, 
a.  Having  the  property  of  diffusing;  tending  to  diffuse; 
spreading  abroad,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

dif-fuse',  1  di-fius';  2  dl-fus',  a.  1.  Characterized  by  re- 
dundance; prolix;  verbose.  2.  Widely  spread  out;  ex- 
tended.— dlf-fuse'ly,  adv.— dif-fuse 'ness,  n. 

dig,  1  dig;  2  dig,  v.  [dug  or  digged,  digd8;  dig'ging.]  I. 
t.  1.  To  break  up,  turn  up,  form,  make,  or  bring  out  by 
excavating,  as  with  a  spade.  2.  To  insert;  push,  or  force 
in,  as  a  tool  into  the  ground.  3.  To  excavate  a  way  for; 
make  by  digging.  4.  Figuratively,  to  search  for  and 
bring  out  by  labor.  II.  i.  1.  To  break  or  turn  up  earth 
or  other  material,  as  with  a  spade.  2.  [Slang,  U.  S.]  To 
work  hard  and  steadily;  plod.  [<  AS.  dician,  <  die,  ditch.] 
— todigin  (Mil.),  to  entrench  (oneself );  dig  trenches. — dig, 
n.  [Colloq.]  A  thrust;  poke:  of  ten  metaphorical. — dlg'ger,  n. 

di-gam'ma,  1  dai-gam'a;  2  di-gam'a,  n.  The  original,  but 
early  disused,  sixth  letter  in  the  Greek  alphabet  (/),  equiv- 
alent in  force  to  IF,  but  in  form  to  F.  [Gr.,  <  di-1  +  gamma, 
the  Gr.  GJ 

di-gest'd,  1  di-jest';  2  di-gSst',  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  convert  into 
chyme  in  the  stomach,  as  food;  assimilate  physically  or 
mentally.  2.  To  systematize;  analyze  and  classify;  form 
into  a  digest.  3.  To  tolerate  patiently;  submit  to;  en- 
dure.   4.  Chem.   To  soften  by  heat  and  moisture.    II.  i. 

1.  To  be  assimilated;  undergo  digestion.  2.  Chem.  To 
be  made  ready  by  heat  and  moisture  for  further  manip- 
ulation. [  <  L.  digestus,  pp.  of  digero,  <  di-,  apart,  + 
gem,  carry.]— dl-gest'er,  re.— di-gest"i-bil'i-ty,  re.  The 
quality  of  being  digestible.  dl-gest'l-bl(e-nesspt. — dl- 
gest'l-bl(ep,  a. — dl-ges'tlv(e9.  I.  a.  Pertaining  or  conduc- 
ing to  digestion.    II.  re.    A  medicine  to  aid  digestion. 

di'gest,  1  dai'jest;  2  di'gSst,  n.  A  systematic  arrange- 
ment, as  of  writings;  summary,  as  of  news;  compilation; 
as,  the  Literary  Digest.     Syn.:  see  abridgment. 

di-ges'tion,  1  di-jes'elian;  2  di-gfis'chon,  n.  1.  Physio!. 
The  process  of  dissolving  and  chemically  changing  food 
in  the  stomach,  so  that  it  can  be  assimilated  by  the 
blood  and  furnish  nutriment  to  the  body.  2.  The  power 
to  digest;  the  digestive  functions.  3.  Mental  reception 
and  assimilation.  4.  Chem.  Exposure  of  a  substance  to 
heat  and  moisture.  5.  Any  absorption  and  assimila- 
tion, as  of  carbon  dioxid  by  plants. 

diglil,  1  dult;  2  dit,  vt.  (dight  or  dight'ed";  dight'ing.] 
[Poet,  or  Dial.)  1.  To  dress;  adorn;  equip;  prepare.  2.  To 
prepare;  cleanse.    [  <  AS.  difitan,  <  L.  dicto;  see  DICTATE,  v.] 

dig'it,  1  dij'it;  2  dlg'it,  n.  1.  A  finger  or  toe.  2.  Any  one 
of  the  ten  Arabic  numerals:  so  named  from  counting 
upon  the  fingers.  3.  Astron.  The  twelfth  part  of  the 
diameter  of  the  sun  or  moon.  4.  A  key,  as  in  a  piano.  5. 
An  ancient  measure  of  length:  about  two»thirds  of  an 
inch.  [<  L.  digitus,  finger.]  dig'i-tal,  a.  1.  Of,  per- 
taining to,  or  like  the  lingers  or  digits.  I.  Digitate.-  dlg'i- 
tate,  a.  Having  parts,  as  leaflets,  arranged  like  the  lingers 
of  a  hand.  dlg'l-tat"ed,  o.-  dlg'l-tate-ly,  adv. — dlg"l- 
ta'tlun,  re. 

dlg"l-ta'lls,  1  dlj'i-tr'lis;  2  dlg"i-tfi'lls,  re.  1.  The  dried  leaves 
of  foxglove:  used  as  a  heart-tonic,  i.  (I)-]  Bot.  A  genus  of 
tall  Old  World  herbs  ol  the  flgwort  family.  I),  purpurea,  the 
foxglove,  Is  often  cultivated.    [<  L.  digitalis,  <  digitus,  a 

finger;  from  the  Shape  of  the  Mower  ] 

dlg'l-tl-,  1  dij'i-ti-;2  dig'i-ti-.  From  Latin  digitus,  finger;  toe: 
a  combining  form      Dlg"l-tlg'ra-da,  b.  pi.   Mum.   A  tribe 

Of  carnivores  that  walk  on  their  toes,  Including  the  cats, 
dugs,  etc.      dlg'l-tl-gradc.     I.  a.     1.  Walking  on  the  toes. 

2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  Dlgitigrada.    II.  n.    one  of  the 

Diuiligrada.    |+  L.  grmlior,  walk.] 
dlg'lli-fy,  1  dig'ni-fui;  2  dig'ni-ly,  W.     [-FIED;  -FY*ING.]    I. 

To  impart  or  add  dignity  to;  honor,  2.  To  invest  with 
dignities;  promote;  elevate;  exalt.  [<  I, .'•'""'  dignus, 
worthy;  and  see  -fy.I— dlg'nl-fled,  pa.    1.  Characterized  by 


or  invested  with  dignity;  stately.  2.  Invested  with  digni- 
ties; promoted  in  rank;  honored.     Syn.:  see  grand. 

dig'ni-ta-ry,  1  dig'm-te-ri;  2  dig'ni-ta-ry,  re.  [-riesz,  pi.] 
One  who  holds  high  official  position;  especially,  an  eccle- 
siastic of  high  rank. 

dig'ui-ty,  1  dig'm-ti;  2  dig'ni-ty,  re.  [-tiesz,  pi]  1. 
Grave  or  stately  bearing.  2.  High  rank,  office,  or  posi- 
tion; distinction.  3.  A  dignitary.  4.  The  state  or  qual- 
ity of  being  excellent,  worthy,  or  honorable.  5.  Grade 
of  elevation;  rank.    [<  L.*  dignitas,  <  dignus,  worthy.] 

di'graph,  (_  1  dai'graf ;  2  di'graf.     I.  a.    Consisting  of  two 

di'grafp,  S  letters  which  represent  only  one  sound.  II.  n. 
A  union  of  two  characters  representing  a  single  sound, 
as  oa  in  boat.    [  <  Gr.  di-,  twofold,  -f-  grapho,  write  ] 

di-gress'1,  1  di-gres';  2  di-grgs',  vi.  To  turn  aside  from 
the  main  subject  to  some  incidental  matter;  go  out  of 
the  way;  deviate;  wander.  [  <  L.  di-,  apart,  +  gradior, 
step.]    Syn.:  see  wander. 

— di-gres 'sion,  re.  1.  The  act  of  digressing;  that  which 
digresses;  a  turning  aside,  as  from  a  subject;  deviation;  di- 
vergence. 2.  Astron.  The  angular  distance  of  Mercury  or 
Venus  from  the  sun. — di-gres'sion-al,  a. — dl-gres'slv(e8, 
a.    -ly,  adv. 

dl-he'dral,  1  dni-hi'dral;  2  dl-he'dral,  a.  Two=sided;  formed 
by  or  having  two  plane  faces. 

Dl"jon\  x  di"3oh';  2  di"zhoh',  re.  A  city  in  E.  France;  pop. 
77,000. 

dike,  1  daik;  2  dik.  I.  vt.  [diked4;  dik'ing.]  To  sur- 
round or  furnish  with  a  dike;  drain  by  ditching.     II.  re. 

1.  An  embankment  to  protect  low  land  from  inundation. 

2.  Mining.  A  fissure  which  has  been  filled  with  other 
solid  material  than  the  ore  through  which  it  cuts.  31! .  A 
ditch.  [<  AS.  die,  ditch.]  dykej.— dik'er,  re.  A  dike= 
builder. 

di-Iap'i-date,  1  di-lap'i-det;  2  di-lap'i-dat,  v.  [-DAT"EDd; 
-dat"ing.]  I.  t.  To  cause  to  fall  into  partial  ruin;  im- 
pair by  neglect  or  misuse;  spoil  and  deface;  waste.  II.  i. 
To  be  impaired  by  misuse  or  neglect;  decay;  fall  into 
ruin.  [<  L.  di-,  apart,  +  lapido,  <  lapis  (hi/ml-), 
stone] — dl-lap'i-dat"ed,  a. — di-lap"l-da'tlon,  re.  The 
process  of  dilapidating,  or  the  state  of  being  dilapidated. 

di-late',  1  di-let';  2  di-lat',  vt.  &  vi.  [Di-LAT'EDd;  di-lat'- 
ing.]  1.  To  enlarge  in  all  directions;  swell,  spread,  or 
puff  out;  distend;  expand.  2.  To  speak  or  write  dif- 
fusely; enlarge;  expatiate.  [<  L.  di-,  apart,  +  latus, 
carried.]    Syn.:  see  amplify. 

— di-lat'a-bl(ep,  a.  Expansible.— dl-la'tan-cy,  re.  Ex- 
pansive capacity  of  granular  masses  with  change  of  shape. — 
dl-la'tant.  I.  a.  Having  dilatancy;  dilating.  II.  re.  A 
dilating  substance  or  instrument.— dl-la'tate,  a.  Dilated. 
— (iil"a-ta'tlon,  re.  The  act  or  process  of  dilating,  or  state 
of  being  dilated;  also,  that  which  is  dilated;  expansion;  dis- 
tention, di-la'llonf. — dl-la'tor,  re.  One  who  or  that, 
which  dilates;  an  instrument  for  opening  or  expanding  a 
wound,  aperture,  or  cavity.    dll'a-ta"torJ. 

dil'a-to-ry,  1  dil'a-to-n;  2  dil'a-to-ry,  a.  Given  to,  char- 
acterized by,  or  tending  to  cause  delay;  tardy;  slow.  [  < 
LL.  dilalorius,  <  I.,  dilatus;  see  dilate.]  Syn.:  see  slow; 
tedious. — dll'a-to-rl-ly,  adv. — dil'a-to-rl-ness,  /; 

di-lem'nia,  1  di-lem'o;  2  di-lem'a,  n.  1.  A  necessary 
choice  between  equally  undesirable  alternatives,  a  per- 
plexing predicament.  2.  Logic.  A  syllogistic  argument 
which  presents  an  antagonist  with  two  (or  more)  alter- 
natives, but  is  equally  conclusive  against  him,  whichever 
alternative  he  chooses.  [  <  Gr.  diliinma,  <  di-,  two,  -f- 
ISmma,  anything  taken.]— dU"em-mat'lc,  a. 

dil"et-tan'te,  1  dtt'e-tan'ti;  2  dil"S-tan'te,  n.  [-ti,  pi] 
A  dabbler  in  art  matters;  a  superficial  amateur:  used 
also  adjectivally.  (  <  It.  dilettante,  <  L.  delect o;  see 
DELIGHT,  v.]  dir'et-laiit'J.— dH"ot-tau'te-lsm,  n.  dll"" 
et-tant 'Isnit. 

dll'l-gence1,  1  dil'l-jens;  2  cDO/i-genc,  re.  1.  Assiduous  ap- 
plication; industry.  2.  Proper  heed  or  attention;  care. 
Syn.:  see  industry. 

dll'l-gence2,  1  dil't-jens  »r  (F.)  di"li"jons';  2  dfl'i-gSns  or 
(F.)  dl"ll"zhanc',  re.  A  French  four»wlieeled  public  stage* 
Coach,  drawn  by  from  I 
to  7  horses.    [R]  dil'lyj. 

dil'i-gent,    1   dil  'i-jenl;    2 
diri-geiif,    a.       Possessed 

of  or  showing  diligence; 

painstaking;  indusl  li- 
ons. [F.,  <  L.  dili- 
u'  n(t-)s,     careful.]      S.vn.: 

see  active;  BUST;  indus- 
trious. 

dll'l-griil-ly,  adv. 
dill.  1  dll;S  dll,  ii      An  old  World  annual  of  the  parsley  family, 
with  long-stalked  umbels  of  yellow  flowers  and  aromatic, 
pungent,  medicinal  seeds.    [<  AS.dilt.] 


Dlllgel 


4UI)      1  >  It,  g4        ..I.  Ar:    full,  rftl.-;    hill,  l.fini: 

.     .  .1.1     '  .  i     r,  won,    'iMi 


iii-i. 

•1  l  !!■     l-CIU     II'MI. 


Ill    W-.iii 

I 

II. 


\  ny  1 1 n-:t- 

1th.    i .r 

■|>-  il. 

■ 

I 
I!  1  led  in  h*U.     •-'. 

ili-inlil"i-.i  lion,  7i. 

I.  •      I  "  make 
II.         I 

(BATE:     IMPAIR;    RB- 


II 


rtlmlnlnhlng,  or 

[-mTnu-en'do; 
i 

by  dim., 
A  diminuendo  , 


2    li-mln'yv>-tlv      I. 

'!.  I  liminishing 

'•■  Rxpres  sing  dimin- 

i .  d  i r. in i  another  i" 

.   small.    |< 

■I  .1 1  -  1 1 1 1 II  '  II  -  (  I  V    «-n. 

I    "lending 
■  pisco- 

■v.     [<  LL. 

[hi  fine 

■Id,  -f- 

<ll-inor  iilili  : .     ill-nior  [ililsin. 


«*, 


\'?\ 


wiw 


dim  i.i  •  " " 

1  •'.  ]  To 

M 
•""•ion  on 

•; 

1 1 

c**n-  ilyn 

***»  1    am:  am  x 


One  of  an  order  of  huge 


.lion.   .  ■  .iiimr-.  ii      I,  a  gold  ooln  Of  n», II.  \. i 

ii  ,i  b]  il"-  oallfi  >.!  i  ■ 
\  r  .f  ..,,,,inii     :t.    \  silver  coin  >.r  Servla. 

.lux  .  [DIN I  i>;  ihn'is..  ]     I.  /      To  gjvt    'i 

II.         I  ■■  lake  dinner,     I  •     F   diner ,  oonti 
din  Vr,  n      I.  .  in.  »  ho  dim 
din  iiiu.         \         din  'inn  car*, 
\  i  u  in  which  mi  i  d  on  route 

ill  lit  .  I  dio;2  .llnr.  -  '    &  [DING i   Dl   n,.  .  iu\,.'in..  I 

riko;  pound;  soold;  bluster.    [<  ME,  dingan;  op. 
hammer.] 
ding  .  in., I  monotonously, 

ins    toll     1 1 1 1 1 1 1 : 1 1 1  •.  e  | 
ding,         \  blow  or  stroke. 
ding    .i.niu".  Id  l.  The  peal 

'.'■  \i.\  n. tonoua  repetition.    3.  A  device  in 

a  .  .  ing  the  quartet  w  iu 

din 'gey,  l  din'gij  2  I.  boat     '.'.   \ 

surveyors' slecping«car.    |-     Beng   dinpi,  boat.]     tlin '- 
gee  i  dln'gh)  ::  dln'gj :. 
(I  I  n't  I  e1.  1  dirj'gl;  2  dln'ftl,  n,     I.  A  narrow  valley:  glen. 
'.'.  [New  Eng.]    i  peal  hi  .  porob  ol  a 

Bra     ■  ■  i  m  1 1  i 
din 'go,  1  dln'go;  2  dln'go,  n.    The  native  »im  dog  [Cania 

of  Vustralta. 
dln'gy,  1  din'ji;  2  dln'gy,  a.  of  a  dual 
soiled;   dull;  tarnished. 
dln'gl-l] .  din  'gl-ness, 

dlnk>,   i 
[Scol  |     i .,    'ii.        deck;  j 

,'. 
dink.  a.   [Scot.]   Neat;  trim.  /# 

din'ii'T.  l  din'ei .  2  dln'- 
.T,  ii.  The  princdpal 
meal  of  the  day,  now 
commonly  taken  in  the 

altera i    or    evening.' 

2.     \    banquet.      [<    F. 

,  .     DINE.] 
■  II  'no-,    1  il.u'ii,.-:    2  ill'no-.  ' 
deinoa,  terri- 
ble, <  deos.  terror:  :.  com- 
bining form,    dl'no-saur, 

Mesozolc  reptiles,  the  Dtnosauria.      I   Or.  sauroa.  Heard.] 

:ll"no-sau 'rl-an,  a.  4  n.    <li"iio-llie'rl-um.  n.    One 

of  a  Miocene   genus  of  elephant*llke  iikiihukiIs.    [  +  Or 

ilinl,  1  .lint;  2  dint.    I.  it.    To  make  :i  denl  .,r  dint  in. 
II.  n.    1.  A  small  depression  made  by  a  blow;  a  dent. 
"J.  Active  agency,  efficacy;  as.  by  dvnt  of  hard  work. 
t      AS.  dynt,  blow.] 
dlo.,  dioc.  oftftr     i  Hocesan,  dloce  e 

di 'ii-ri'M-,  l  dai'o-sls;  2  dl'o-ces,  i».   Eccl,  The  territory  or 

hurches  under  a  bishop's  jurisdiction.     [<  Gr. 

through,  ■■'  •      dwell.]     dl-oe'e-san. 

I.  a.    Of  or  pertaining  to  a  diocese.    II.  n.    A  bishop. 

Dl"o-cle'tlan,  l  dal'o-kll'snan;  2  dl'o-cie'shan,  Cains  V.  A. 

Roman  emperor,  284 
.H-. i- 'clous,   i   .],ii-i'shus;  2  dl-e'shOs,  n.  Biol.  Having  the 
male  and  female  organs  borne  by  different  Individuals,  as  a 
plant  With  stamens  and  pistils  In  separate  Individuals.     [< 

Di-1   •  Gr.  otkoa,  house.]  dl-e'clousj:  dl-ce'cian$;  dl-oi'- 
COUS{.     dl-oe'clous-ly,  adv.—  dl-ce'clous-ncss,  n. 

Dl-og'e-nes,  l  dal-oj'i-nlz;  2  dl-fife-nSs,  n.  A  Greek  cynic 
philosopher. 

l)l"o-ine'dcs,  i  dal'o-ml'dlz;  2  dfo-mS'dSg,  n.  Gr.  Myth. 
King  Ol  Argus;  one  of  the  bravest  Greeks  before  Troy. 
Ill  'o-ini-d  | ;  1)1  'o-medet . 

I>I"o-ii>s'|-us,  l  dal'o-nisTi'i-DS; 2  dl'o-nysh'l-us,  n.  1.  Either 
of  two  tyrants  of  Syracuse:  <ii  l>.  "The  Elder"  (430  :ii"i7 
B  '  -  D.  "The  Younger"  (39S?-after  343  B.  C).  2. 
ii.  Eilguus  <  -646?).  a  Christian  theologian;  author  ..f 
the   i  :i.  I),  of  Ilalicarnassus  (ii*-7  ii.  c.), 

■  rial,  and  rhetorician.  4.  I),  t he  Areopaglte 
11,34,  l)l"o-iiys'l-an,  a.  1.  Dlonyslac. 
'J.  or  ,,r  pertaining  to  Dlonyslu.v  Dlonyslan  era  or  pe- 
riod,.', period  Of  532  Julian  ■,  e.-ii     ,  in.ilo'.e(|  to  compute  the 

date  of  i  aster. 
l)l"o-n>  'son.  l  dal'o-nal'ses;  2  dfo-ny'sOs,  n.   Or.  Myth.  God 
of  wine  and  drama;  the  Roman  Bacchus.    l>l"o-ny 'sus{.— 

l)l"o-njs'l-a.    7i.    pi.      The  Athenian    festivals   in   honor  of 

one  of  them.     Dl"o-nys'l-acs$.     i>l"o- 
nys'I-ac,  a.     of  or  pertaining  to  Dlonysos  or  the  uh>- 
l>l"o-n>s'l-an:. 
dl-op'trle,  1  ddl-op'tril. ;  2  <II-op'tric.     I.  '/.    Aiding  the  vision 

traction,  as  a  lens,  dl-op'trl-calj.  II.  n.   A  unit  for 

the  refractive  power  of  a  lens,  being  that  of  one 

tocal  distance  Is  one  meter,  dl-op'ter};  dl-op'try:. 

through,    t    Opsomai,    I  shall  see.] 

dl-op 'tries, n      The  branch  of  optics  treating  of  light- 
refraction  by  transparent  media. 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  habit;    aisle;    an  =  out;    eil;    13  =  feud;    chin;    go;    Vising;    thin,   this,     dillydally 
237    2:wplf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  dirt 


dl"o-ra'ma,  1  dai"o-ra'ma;  2  di"o-ra'ma,  n.  1.  A  paint- 
ing, or  series  of  paintings,  for  spectacular  exhibition.  3. 
A  building  in  which  such  a  picture  or  pictures  are  ex- 
hibited. [  <  Gr.  diorao,  see  through,  <  dia,  through,  + 
horao,  see.) — dl"o-ra'mio,  a. 

dl'o-rlte,  1  dai'o-rait;  2  dl'o-rlt,  re.  A  granular,  crystallized, 
igneous  rock  composed  of  feldspar  and  hornblende.  [<  Or. 
diorismos,  division,  <  dia,  through,  +  Iiotos,  boundary.] 
dl'o-rytei.— di"o-rlt'ic,  a.  [and  Pollux] 

Di"os-cu'ri,  1  dai'es-kiu'rai;  2  dfos-cu'rl,  re.  pi.    See  Castor 

di-ox'id,    11  dai-eks'id;  2  dl-6ks'id,  re.   Chem.  An  oxid 

di-ox'ide,  \  containing  two  atoms  of  oxygen  to  the  mole- 
cule,   bin-ox'idt;  din-ox 'idet. 

dip,  1  dip;  2  dip,  J),  [dipped1  or  dipt;  dip'ping.]  I.  t.  1. 
To  immerse  in  a  fluid  and  withdraw  again.  2.  To  lower 
for  an  instant  and  then  raise,  as  a  flag.  3.  To  lift  up  and 
out  by  scooping;  as,  to  dip  water  from  a  stream:  often 
with  wp  or  out.  4.  To  put  or  sink  slightly  or  partially 
(into  a  liquid).  5f-  To  implicate;  involve.  II.  i.  1.  To 
plunge  partly  or  momentarily  into  any  liquid.  2.  To 
engage  slightly  or  temporarily  in  any  matter:  with  in  or 
into.  3.  To  incline  downward;  decline.  4.  Gcol.  To  lie 
at  an  angle  with  the  horizon,  as  strata.  [  <  AS.  dyppan, 
dippan,  <  dypan,  deepen,  <  deop,  deep.]  Syn.:  see  im- 
merse. 

dip,  n  1.  The  act  of  dipping,  in  any  sense  of  the  verb;  a 
plunge;  bath;  dipping  up;  depression.  2.  A  liquid  into 
which  something  is  to  be  dipped.  3.  Inclination,  as  of 
the  magnetic  needle.  4.  A  candle  made  by  dipping  a 
wick  repeatedly  into  melted  tallow. 

di-pet'a-lous,  1  dai-pet'a-Ius:  2  dl-pet'a-lus,  a.  Bot.  Having 
two  petals.     [  <  di-1  +  PETALOUS.] 

diph-the'ri-a,  )  1   dif-fhl'n-e;  2  dif-the'ri-a,   re.  Pathol. 

dif-the'ri-ap,  )  An  acute  infectious  disease  characterized 
by  a  tendency  to  form  a  false  membrane  in  the  throat. 
[<  Gr.  diphthera,  leather,  <  depho,  soften.]— diph"the- 
rlt'ic,  a.    diph-the'ri-alj;  dlph-the'rict. 

diph'thong,  )  1  dif'then;  2  dif'thong,  re.  Orthoepy.  The 

dif  'thongp,  5  union  of  two  vowels  in  one  sound  or  syl- 
lable. [  <  Gr.  diphthongos,  <  di-,  two,  twofold,  + 
pklhengomat,  cry  out.]— diph-thon'gal,  a.  diph  'thong- 
lot;  dipta-thon'goust. — diph-thon'gal-ly,  adv. 

dlpl.,  abbr.    Diplomat,  diplomatist. 

Di-plod'o-cus,  1  di-pled'o-kus;  2  di-plod'o-cus,  re.  A  genus 
of  fossil  reptiles  (order  Dinosauria),  discovered  in  the  west- 
ern U.  8. 

di-plo'ina,  1  di-plo'ma;  2  di-plo'ma,  n.  An  official  hon- 
orary certificate,  as  of  graduation.  [L.,  <  Gr.  diploma, 
lit.  paper  folded  double.] 

di-plo'ma-cy,  1  di-plo'ma-st;  2  di-plo'ma-cy,  n.  [-ciesz, 
pi.]  1.  The  art,  science,  or  practise  of  conducting  nego- 
tiations between  nations.  2.  Tact,  shrewdness,  or  skill 
in  conducting  any  affair.  3.  The  body  of  diplomatic 
officials  of  a  government.  [  <  F.  diplomatic,  <  L. 
diploma,  diploma.] — dip'lo-mat,  re.  One  employed  or 
skilled  in  diplomacy,     dip'lo-matet.— dlp"lo-mat'lc,  a. 

1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  diplomacy.  2.  Characterized  by  spe- 
cial tact  in  negotiation;  dexterous;  wary:  adroit.  3.  Per- 
taining to  diplomatics.  dip"lo-mat 'i-calt.  Syn.:  see  pol- 
itic. —  dip"lo-mat'i-cal-ly,  adv.  —  dlp"lo-niat'ics,  n. 
Archcol.  The  science  of  diplomas  or  of  ancient  writings, 
charters,  etc. — dl-plo'ma-tlst,  re.  1.  A  diplomat.  '!.  one 
remarkable  for  tact  and  shrewd  management.—  dl-plo'ma- 
tize,  v.  [-tized;  -tiz"ing.]    I.  t.   1.  To  effect  by  diplomacy. 

2.  To  give  a  diploma  to.  II.  i.  To  carry  on  diplomacy; 
use  diplomatic  arts. 

dlp'o-dy,  1  dip'o-di;  2  dlp'o-dy,  re.  [-dies^,  pi.]  I'ros.  A  com- 
bination of  two  like  feet;  double  foot.  [<  Or.  di-  two,  + 
pous  (pod.-),  foot.] 

dip'per,  1  dip'ar;  2  dlp'er,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which 
dips.  2.  A  small,  thrush*like  diving  bird.  3.  [D-] 
[U.S.]  The  group  of  seven 
bright  stars  in  the  con- 
stellation Ursa  Major  or 
tlic  Great  Bear. 

dip"so-ma'ni-a,  1  dip"s<>- 
mS'ni-s;  2  dip"so-ma'- 
ni-a,  n.  Pathol.  An  un- 
controllable craving  for 
alcoholic  drink.  [<  Gr. 
dlpsa,  thirst,  +  mania, 
mania.]  —  dlp"so-ma'nl- 
ac,  re. 

dlp'sy,  1  rtlp'si;  2  dlp'sy.    I 


l  Upper 


Deep-sea.  II.  re.  [-BIBB1,  /'/.I 
Inker  for  a  fishing-line;  an  arrangement  of  books  for  bot- 
tom«nslllng.  [A  corruption  of  deep-sea]  dlp'scyt. 
Dlp'ter-a,  1  dip'tar-a;  2  dlp'ter-a,  re.  pi.  Entom.  An  order  or 
Insects  having  a  single  anterior  pair  of  membranous  wings 
with  a  posterior  pair  of  polsers  :i n»i  a  suctorial  probo  - 
Including  the  flies,  gnats,  mosquitoes,  etc  I  Gr.  iipU  ros, 
two'Winged.   <  di-.  dij,  +  plcron,  wing.]— dlp'tcr-al,  a. 


1.  Arch.  Having  or  resembling  a  double  peristyle  or  colon- 
nade.     2.  Entom.  Dipterous.—  dip 'ter,    re.— dip'ter-an. 
I.  a.-  Dipterous.    II.  re.    A  dipterous  insect— dlp"ter-o!'- 
o-glst,  n.  An  expert  in  the  classification  of  dipt  era— dip'- 
ter-ous,«.    1.  Entom.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  Dipteral  two» 
winged.     2.  Bot.  Two=winged.  as  a  seed  or  fruit. 
dlrd,  1  dird;  2  dird,  re.  [Scot]  An  achievement;  a  stroke. 
dir'dum,  1  dir'dum;  2  dir'dum,  re.  [Scot.]  1.  A  tumult;  up- 
roar; outcry.    2.  A  blow;  hence,  any  unfortunate  outcome  or 
event.    3.  A  scolding;  rating,    dir'damt;  dur'dum  | . 
dire,  1  dair;  2  dir,  a.     [dir'er;  dir'est.]     Extremely  ca- 
lamitous: dreadful:  ternole.    [  <  L.  dims,  fearful.]    Syn.:  see 
awful.— dire'ly,  adv.—  dlre'ness,  re. 
di-reet'd,   1  di-rekt';  2  di-rgct',  v.     I.  t.     1.  To  point 
straight  toward  a  thing;  aim.    2.  To  point  out  a  way  to 
(a  person).     3.  To  regulate  the  course  or  conduct  of; 
govern;  command;  order.    4.  To  place  an  address  upon, 
as  a  letter.     5.  Mus.  To  lead  (singing  or  playing)  as 
conductor.    II. i.    To  act  as  guide,  conductor,  or  leader. 
Syn.:  see  command;  dictate;  govern;  lead1;  regulate. 
di-reet'.      I.  a.     1.   Having    or    being    the    straightest 
course;  straight;  shortest;  nearest.    2.  Free  from  inter- 
vening agencies  or  conditions;  immediate.    3.  Straight- 
forward; plain.    4.  Astron.  Designating  motion  on  the 
celestial  sphere  from  west  toward  east,  in  the  direction 
of  the  sun's  movement  among  the  stars.     II.  adv.    By 
direct  course;  directly.     [  <  L.  directus,  pp.  of  dirigo,  di- 
rect.] Syn.:  (adjective)  see  immediate;  right. — direct  cur- 
rent  (Eler.),  a  current  flowing  constantly  in  one  direction, 
as  opposed   to   an    alternating   current. — di-rec'tlv(e8,   a. 
That  directs  or  points  out,  rules,  or  governs.— dl-rect'ly, 
adv.    1.  In  a  direct  line  or  manner.    2.  Without  medium, 
agent,  or  go=between.    3.  Immediately;  as  soon  as  possible. 
4.   Exactly;   precisely.   Syn.:  see  immediately.— dl-rect'- 
ness,  re     The  quality  of  being  direct;  straightness;  straight- 
forwardness.—  di-rec'tor,   re.    One  who  or  that  which  di- 
rects,   di-rect'erj.    Syn.:  see  master.— dl-ree'tor-ate,  n. 
1.  A  body  of  directors.    2.  The  office  or  power  of  a  director. 
di-rec'tor-sliipl.— di-rec'tress,   n.  fern.— dl-rec'trlx,  re. 
[-tri-ces,  1  -tn-slz;  2  -trl-ces,  or  -trix-es,  pi.)     1.  In  gun- 
nery, the  median  line  in  the  plane  of  fire.    2.  Geom.  A  line 
which  so  determines  the  motion  of  another  line,  or  of  a  point, 
that  the  latter  shall  describe  some  surface  or  curve.    3.  A 
directress. 
di-rec'tion,  1  di-rek'shan;  2  di-reVshon,  re.    1.  The  posi- 
tion of  one  point  in  relation  to  another  without  reference 
to  the  intervening  distance.     2.  Tendency;  aim.     3. 
The  act  of  governing  or  ordering;  superintendence;  ad- 
ministration.   4.  Instruction;  command;  order.    5.  The 
name  and  residence  of  a  person;  address. 

Syn.:  aim,  bearing,  course,  inclination,  tendency,  way. 
The  direction  of  an  object  is  the  line  of  motion  or  of  vision 
toward  it,  or  the  line  in  which  the  object  is  moving,  con- 
sidered from  our  own  actual  or  mental  standpoint.  Way, 
literally  the  road  or  path,  comes  naturally  to  mean  the 
direction  of  the  road  or  path.  Bearing  is  direction  with  ref- 
erence to  another  object  or  to  the  points  of  the  compass. 
Course  is  the  direction  of  a  moving  object;  inclination,  that 
toward  which  an  object  leans;  tendency,  that  toward  which 
anything  stretches  or  reaches  out;  tendency  is  stronger  and 
more  active  than  inclination.  See  aim;  care;  inclination; 
order;  oversight. 
di-rec'to-ry,  1  di-rek'to-n ;  2  di-roVto-ry.  I.  a.  Con- 
taining directions.  II.  n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  1.  An  alpha- 
betical or  classified  list,  as  of  the  names  and  addresses  of 
the  inhabitants  or  business'houses  of  a  city.  _  2.  A  col- 
lection of  rules.  3.  A  body  of  directors;  directorate. 
4.  [D-]  The  five  men  who  were  the  executive  of  tho 
French  government  after  the  downfall  of  the  Conven- 
tion, Oct.  26,  1795,  to  Nov.  9, 1799—  di"rec-to'ri-al,  a. 
dire 'fill,  1  duir'ful;  2  dlr'ful,  a.  Most  dire;  dread- 
ful: terrible.  Syn.:  see  AWFUL;  frightful. 
— dirc'ful-ly,  adv.— dlre'ful-ness,  n. 
dirge,  1  clfirj;  2  dirg,  n.  A  funeral  hymn  or  tune. 
[<  L.  dirigo,  direct,  in  funeral  hymn  beginning 
'Diriae,  Dmiiine.') 
dlr'l-ge.  1  dir'i-jl;    2  dlr'l-gc,  n.     R.  C.  Ch.  A  service 

for  the  (lead;  hence,  a  dirge.     [L.;  see  DIRGE.] 
dir'l-gi-bl(ep,  1  dir'i-ji-bl;  2  dlr'i-gi-bl.  La.  Thai 
may   bo   directed   or   controlled;    as,   a   dirigible 
I. all. ion.        II.     II.        A     dirigible     balloon.        See 
BALLOON. 

dirk,  1<1  firk;  2  dirk.    l.vt.   To  stab  with  a  dirk.  II. 
a     \  dagger  or  poniard.    [  <  Ir.  duirc,  dirk.l 

dirt,  ldurt;2dlrt.     I.  a.    [Colloq.,  U.  S]     M:»l'' "f  „,.„„.,, 

earth;  as,  a  dirt  road.    II.  n.  I.  Any  foul  or  filthy   ]  >  i,  k  . 
sub  tance;    refuse;   trash.      2.     [Colloq.,    U.    S.I 
Loose  earth;  garden»lo"am.     3,    Abuse    or    obscenity 
[ME   drit,    <  Ice.  drit,  dirt,  excrement  of  birds.)  — 

dlrt'y.      I.    it       Itjiut'ikp;    MRT'Y-INQ.]      To    soli;     make 
lllthy;  sully;  tarnish.    II.  a.    [dirt'i-er;  dirt'i-E8T.1    Un- 


i 


I  i         a  k-rt.   imt.nr;  full,  rOIr;   but.  brtrn; 

;  I  —  •;  go,  not.  Or,  won.      ".MS 


. :  -  ri  r  ■  i  ■ 


tab 

« 1 1  -   . 

I.I       render  |)h\  -i 

I 
1 

ills-  i    lil    .-ill.  Ill     . 

,      rid  ol  o 

I. 

II  I. 

ills-ad"«Bn-la'i: -. 

Inconvenient 

iii-  .ii-ii  i  t'edi 

Ml<    W„ 

emcnl 
I.  To  del 
li        .     I  o  make 

■  II-  if    rir-ma   Hon  : . 
I  ■ 

t. 

:t.  I     be 
•   od;  be  inj'. 
di*  'a-gn  ■   a-bl  ■•  .      !:.  pugnanl  to 
1 1> ■  t  agreeable;  dls- 

■  li-     ,-„  r.  ■       -lil   •  -ii.  M    .  dls"a- 

■  II-     i-t  r.  .     .i-l.lv  .  dig  "i-grc  '- 

ir lance;  unsult- 
.  irrel.    Syn.:  Bee  dd> 

l     refuse 

Syn  :  Hec  prohibi  r. 

bl  •    .        .ii-    .1-1..11  .in.  .■,  ;,     Refusal 

i 
:•.  i  o  deprive  ol  life. 
•"■  [pletely. 

i  ••  annul  com- 
i   i]      •  from 

•      1.   1 1 
. 

r  accom- 

MI8LEAD. 

I-    I  or  desire. 

■  ii-  .i|.-ii..iiii  'men I,  n 

■pointed,  thai 

■  hagiii.n; 

-•I'   i'f-i.  i  ii. .ii.  p*ro-ba'- 

dl*-ap'pro-l 
•    ip-pro»«    •  t.t.   1.  To 

■'    Willi  <//. 

II. 

dls"ap-prov'al,   n 

'■'  JU"*£D*   '•  '•'    "  '    *■ '""•'  "f  approval;  dls- 

■  li   "ap-prot  '- 

--.inn  '.  I.I. 

•;.  'i .. 
.I'll;  allay     II. 

'li-  irm    i-iniiil. 
-    ir-rangi    , 

dls"- 
ir-r»nr 

.~ar-ra)   .  2  dfa"a-ra',  -     1.  '     L  To  impair 


.!i--iii  i-niii. 
dl- 

>ll'"«ll-llUl 

. 

■-|M>|||I 


.i i.i..«  into  dj  order,   •  •  u  ai mj      '..   I 'o 
i      II.  i     'I'n  iim.Ii.  uom   .li 

■  IK  ,ir-r.i>  '.        I.  i i  wantof  arraj  "i  reguuu  order; 

m     ''.  Boantini     of  dn     .  negligent  ..r 

-  I 
ill". i-  irr.  !  ter,  n     Crushing  misfor- 

l tin.  <   ]  I  ill,     I 

Star  I     Syn    mo  i.  .  ii. i  NT;  11.111.    111. 

ft      ,    *  I  i  .1  ROFIII  .    Ml-I  "HI  I    M 

dls-ai  'trous,       1 .  ■  11  ...  11  iompanli  .i  bj  dla- 

toil         '.'■      I  I."  .1.  in.,:    .11  .1   in  .     lll-linilliiK. 

Bloomy:  dbunal    »ly*  »ncaa,  n  Murct. 

ten'lurti  n     Misadventure;  mlsohanoe     dls"a»TMi'" 

•IK  ".i-\om  ',  1  . h  ■"..  \  .in';  l'  ili-".i  vow',  'i     To  refuse  bo 
Isol    m:dl  own     Bynj  see  renoi  ni  ■ 
■  lis". i-i  .in  .ii,        \.ii   iwnlng;  denial 
din-band'     1  u  id',  1     l.l     I.  To  dlsehante 

fr.mi  turtber  united  (especially  mlUtar]    Bervloe    '.'    1 

ad  1  vidua))  from  an  organisation;  discharge,    8t. 
1 1 .  1 1.  disintegrate     II.  I    To  retire  (ro 

iii..n     ilis-ii.tnil  'meiit, n     V  disbanding. 
dls-bar',  l  dis-bar';2  dto-bar',  vt,    /..'»    To  deprive  ol  the 
right  '"  appear  in  court  as  an  attornej 
dls-bar'ment,  n. 
di ■  "be-llef'.  1  (lis"l.i-!if.  2  <lts"lii-lrf,  „.    A  conviction 
1 1 1  :i t  a  statement  is  untrue;  positive  unbelief. 

Syn .   

dls"be-llev(e">,  1  durTn-uV; 2 dlB*be-leV, vt  &  m  Tore- 
fuse  to  believe;  withhold  belief  or  credit;  deem  fal  > 

dls"hc-llc\  'cr.  Ft 

d is- branch '{,  vt.  I.  To  deprive  of  branches,  ass  tree;  prune; 
irim     '!.  To  'in  off,  as  a  branch 

(lis-biir'dcii,  1  dis-bur'dn;  2  dls-bi'ir'dn.  il  A  m  To  di  - 
encumber  "f  a  burden;  get  rid  "f;  unload.  dls-bi;r'- 
tben}  [Archaic].— dls-bur'den-ment,  n. 

dls-burse',  1  dis-burs';  2  dls-burs',  vt,     [dis-bubsi  u'1, 

nis-m  usr'H;  dis-iuiis'imi  ]     To  pay  out,  an  in  meeting 

current  expenses.    [<  OF.  des-,  apart,    I  bourse,  purse  J 

dls-burs'a-bl.e'', <;.     dls-bursc'menl,  n.   Expenditure. 

disc,  n     Same  ms  ihsk. 

disc.!  abbr.    Discovered,  discoverer.  (disk. 

dls'cal,  1  cuVkel;  2  dls'cal,  a.    of,  pertaining  to,  or  like  a 

dls-can'dyti  <>■    To  melt,  as  sugar;  dissolve. 

dis-card".  1  dis-kard';  2  dfe-eard',  t.  I.  I.  1.  To  turn  ofT 
a-  useless  or  undesirable;  reject;  dismiss.  2.  To  throw 
out  from  one's  hand  in  card'playing.  II.  i.  To  throw 
out  a  card  or  cards  In  playlnc    Syn.:  sec  iiknoim  k 

dls-cern',  1  di-zurn';  2  di-sSrn',  v.    I.  t.    To  sec  as  dis- 
I   from  other  objects;  perceive;  distinguish;  recog- 
nise.    II.  i.    To  recognize  a  distinction  or  differenci  ; 
discriminate.    [<  L.r  disccrno,  <  dis-,  apart,  +  cerno, 
separate.] 

Syn.:  behold,  descry,  discriminate,  distinguish,  observe, 
perceive,  recognize,  sec.  what  we  discern  we  see  apart  from 
all  other  objects;  wbat  we  discriminate  we  judge  apart ;  u  hal 
we  distinguish  we  mark  apart,  or  recognise  by  some  spi  olal 
mark  or  manifest  difference.  We  discrimimUi  by  real  differ- 
ences; we  distinguish  by  outward  signs;  aii  officer  Is  readily 
tguished  from  a  common  soldier  by  his  uniform.  <  ibjects 
in,.;,  be  dimly  discerned  at  twilight,  when  yet  we  can  not 
clearly  distinguish  one  from  another.  We  descry  (originally 
...  h.ii  is  difficult  to  discover.  Compare  abstract;  ius- 
COVBR;  know;  LOOK, 

dls-cern 'er, ».—  dls-cern  'l-bl  fee,  a.    Capable  of  being 
rned;   perceivable.    S.vn.:   see   kvidknt.     dls-rern'l- 

1.1  c-ncss',    rt.—  dls-oern'l-bly,  adv.  —  dls-cern 'lug,    pa. 

i^uick  to  discern;  discriminating;   penetrating,    S.vn.:  see 

vim;    i-ii   11  ;  INTELLIGENT;  KNOWING;  SAGACIOUS.      dl8- 
rern'lng-ly,  adv.     dls-cern  'menl,  n.    I.Theact  or  process 
of  discerning.    2.  The  menial  power  of  discerning;  keenne 
of  judgment;  insight.    S.vn.:  see  mi  hen:  understanding; 
..\i 
dls-cbarge',  1  dis-cTiarj';  2  dfe-charg',  v.    [dib-chabged'; 
hi--'  11  Md/iNi;  ]    I.  1.     I.  To  deliver  the  contents  of; 
01  firi  off,  as  a  gun;  unload,  as  a  ship,    '£.  To  re- 
move, as  a  cargo  by  unloading,  a  bullet  by  tiring,  or  an 

employee  by  dismissal.    •).  To  send  forth;  emit ;  set.  free, 
'i.r    A.  To  meet  the  requirements  of ;  pay,  as  a 

ilelit ;  perform,  as  a  duty,  office,  etc.  5t-  To  forbid.  II. 
1  I.  To  deliver  a  charge  or  charges;  put  off  a  load  or 
burdi  i]    lend  forth  contents;  shoot;  fire;  pour. 

lie-ally,  to  blur  or  spread,  as  the  inkdines  of  a 
drawing.     Syn.;  see  ABSOLVE;  ACCOMPLISH;  hanish;  cancel; 

deliver;  pat;  release. 
dls-charg'er,  n. 
dlS-Charg/e'i  n.      1.  The  act  or  process  of  discharging;  a 
firing  or  unloading;  dismissal;  release      'i.  That,  which 

discharges,  as  a  certificate  of  release.  3.  That  which  is 
discharged,  1  mitted,  or  thrown  out  or  off,  as  from  a 
wound.     4.  Uydraul.  Rate  or  quantity  of  outflow  or 


1:9  =  final;    1  =  hablt|    aisle;    atl  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    <fhin;    go;    t)  =  Bing;    €hin,    this. 
239       2:  wolf,  dfi;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   611,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


tlls- 
discover 


issue.  5.  Elec.  The  removal  of  a  charge,  as  from  a 
Leyden  jar,  a  battery,  etc. 

dis-ci'pl(ep,  1  di-sai'pl;  2  di-ci'pl.  \.vt.  [dis-ci'pl(e)dp; 
dis-ci'pling.]  1.  To  cause  to  become  a  disciple;  con- 
vert. 2 §.  To  train;  teach.  II.  n.  One  who  accepts  and 
follows  a  teacher  or  a  doctrine;  a  pupil  or  learner.  [F., 
<  L.  disctpitlus,  <  disco,  learn.]  Syn.:  see  adherent;  con- 
vert.— dls-ci  'pi  (e-shlpp,  n. 

dls'ci-plin(es,  1  dis'i-plin;  2  dis'i-plin.  I.  vt.  [dis'ci- 
plin(e)d8;  dis'ci-plin-ing.]  1.  To  train  to  obedience, 
subjection,  or  effectiveness;  drill;  educate.  2.  To  pun- 
ish or  chastise.  II.  n.  1.  Systematic  training  or  sub- 
jection to  authority,  or  its  result;  subjection.  2.  Train- 
ing resulting  from  misfortune,  troubles,  etc.  3.  Punish- 
ment for  the  sake  of  training;  correction;  chastisement. 

4.  A  system  of  rules,  or  method  of  practise,  as  of  a  church. 

5.  R,  C.  Ch.  The  self=scourging  of  some  ascetics;  also,  a 
scourge.  [F.,  <  L.  disciplina,  <  discipulus,  disciple.] 
Syn.:  (verb)  see  chasten;  teach;  (noun)  see  educa- 
tion; nurture. — dls'cl-plln-a-bl(ep,  a.  1.  Capable  of 
discipline.  2.  Deserving  of  discipline. — dis"cl-pli-na'ri- 
an.  I.  a.  Or  or  pertaining  to  discipline.  II.  n.  One  who 
disciplines;  one  strict  in  discipline;  a  martinet. — dls'el-pll- 
na-ry,  a.  Of,  relating  to,  or  having  the  nature  of  discipline; 
employed  in  discipline. 

dis-claim',  1  dis-klem';  2  dis-clam',  vt.  1.  To  disavow 
any  claim  to,  connection  with,  or  responsibility  for; 
disown;  reject.  2.  To  reject  or  deny  the  claim  or  au- 
thority of;  deny.  3.  Law.  To  renounce,  as  a  claim, 
interest,  or  right;  decline.  [<  L.OF  dis-  (see  dis-)  + 
clarno.  cry  out.)     Syn.:  see  renounce. — dls-claim'er,  n. 

1.  One  who  disclaims.  2.  A  disclaiming  act,  notice,  or 
Instrument.  [disavowal. 

dls"cla-nia'tion,  1  dls"kla-me7shen;  2  dis'ela-ma'shon,  n.    A 

dis'Ciose',    )  1  dis-kloz';2dis-cl6s,  vt.  &vi.    [dis-closed'; 

dls-cloze'p,  )  dis-clos'ing.]     1.  To  expose  to  view;  lay 

bare;  uncover.    2.  To  make  known;  divulge;  open.    3f. 

To  hatch,  as  an  egg.    [<  L.OF  dis-  (see  dis-)  +  claudo, 

close.)    Syn.:  see  confess;  discover:  inform;  publish. 

— dls-clo'sure,  n.     1.  The  act  or  process  of  disclosing. 

2.  Anything  disclosed. 

dls-e  oh'o-lus,  1  dis-keb'o-lus;  2  dis-cob'o-lus,  n.  Class.  ArUtq. 
A  discusnhrower;  specif.  [D-],  a  famous  statue  by  Myron 
(5th  century  B.  C).    [<  Or.  diskos,  disk,  +  ballo,  throw.) 

dis'cold,  1  dis'keid;  2  dis'eoid.  I.  a.  Having  the  form  of  a 
disk;  pertaining  to  a  disk,  dis-cold  'a 1 1 .  II.  n.  A  disk  or 
disk=like  object.    [<  Gr.  diskos.  disk,  +  -oid.) 

dis-col'or,    )1  dis-kul'sr;  2  dis-eol'or,  vt.     To  give  an 

dls-CUl'orp,  )  unnatural  color  to;  stain,  dis-col'ourj. — 
dis-col"or-a'tlon,  n. 

dis-com'fitd,  /  1  dis-kum'fit;  2  dls-com'fit,  vt.    To  defeat 

dls-cum'fltp,  J  utterly;  frustrate;  rout;  vanquish.  [< 
L.op  dis-,  apart,  +  con-,  intens.  +  facto,  do.)  Syn.:  see 
conquer.— dls-oom'fi-ture,  n.  The  act  of  discomfiting, 
or  the  state  of  being  discomfited;  defeat,  dls-com'fltt. 
Syn.:  see  ruin. 

dls-com'fort,    )1  dis-kum'fart;  2  dis-com'fort.     Id.  vt. 

dis-cum'fortp,  S  To  make  uneasy;  trouble;  pain;  grieve. 
II.  n.  The  state  of  being  positively  uncomfortable,  or 
that  which  causes  it;  disturbance;  disquietude.  Syn.:  ?ee 
pain.—  dls-com'fort-a-bl(ei'§,  a.  1.  Uncomfortable.  2. 
Producing  discomfort.    3t.  Melancholy. 

dls"eom-mode',  1  dis"ke-m6d';  2  dis"  co-mod',  vt. 
[-mod'ed11;  -mod'ing.]  To  cause  inconvenience  to; 
trouble;  annoy.  [<  L.  dis-,  apart,  +  commodus,  fit, 
convenient.) 

dls"<'om-pose',  1  dis"kom-poz';  2  dls"com-pos/,  vt. 
[-posed';  -pob'ing.]  1.  To  disturb  the  composure  of; 
make  uneasy;  ruffle;  agitate.  2.  To  disorder  or  disar- 
range; derange.  Syn.:  see  abash.  <Iis"com-po'sure,  n. 
Agitation;  disorder.     Syn.:  sec  chagrin. 

dIs"<'Olwert'<1,  1  dis"kon-surt';  2  dfs"oon-cert',  vt.  1.  To 
confuse,  as  by  a  surprize;  disturb;  discompose.  2.  To 
disarrange,  as  a  plan;  frustrate;  hinder.  [<  L.  dis-, 
apart,  f  concerto,  concert.)    Syn.: see  miasm. 

clls"coii-ccr'tloii,  n.    The  state  of  being  disconcerted. 
dls"ron-cert  'meiitj. 

dis'Voii-necrt''1,  1  dis"ko-nekt';  2  cuVeo-neet',  vt.  To 
undo  or  dissolve  the  emiiiection  of;  dissociate;  separate. 
— ills"con-noct'ed,  pa.  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. — dls'Voii- 
nei-'tion,  n. 

dls-con 'so-late,  1  dis-ken'so-lit;  2  dfe-eon'so-lat,  a.  I. 
Destitute  of  consolation;  inconsolable.  2.  Marked  by 
gloominess;  cheerless;  saddening.  Syn.:  sec  sad.  dls-con '- 
so-Iate-ly,  adv.  dls-con 'so-lati-ness,  n  dls-con 'so-la- 
eyt;  dte-eon'so-lancet;  dl8-con"so-Ia'tlonl  [Ranj. 

dls"«on-tent',  1  dis"ken-tent';  2  dfa"c6n-tent'.    I1,  vt. 

To  render  discontented;  dissatisfy.     II.  ".      1.   I. ink  of 

content; dissatisfaction;  uneasiness.  25.  A  malcontent, 
dls"von-tent'ed-nesst:    dls"con-teut'ineutJ.  —  dls"- 


coii-tent 'lug.  pa.  1.  Causing  dissatisfaction.  2t.  Dis- 
contented, [-ness,  n. 

dls"con-tent'ed,  a.     Ill  at  ease;  dissatisfied,     -ly,  adv. 

dis"con-tin'ue,  1  dis"ken-tin'yu ;  2  dis"e6n-tm'yu,  v. 
[-tin'ued  ;  -tin'd-ing.]  1. 1.  To  break  off  or  cease  from ; 
bring  to  an  end;  cease;  stop;  intermit.  II.  i.  1.  To 
come  to  an  end;  cease.  2.  To  separate  or  be  disunited. 
Syn.:  see  abandon;  cease;  suspend. 

— dls"con-tln'u-ance,  n.  1.  The  act  of  discontinuing, 
or  state  of  being  discontinued;  interruption  or  intermission. 
2.  Discontinuity.  3.  Law.  The  interruption  of  a  suit  as 
by  failure  of  the  plaintiff  to  follow  it  up.  — dis"con-tln"u- 
a'tlon,  n.— dls-con"tI-nu'i-ty,  «.— d!s"con-tln'u-ous, 
a.  Not  continuous;  characterized  by  interruptions  or  breaks. 
-ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

dls-cord',  1  dis-kerd';  2  dis-tord',  vi.  To  be  out  of  accord  or 
harmony:  disagree;  clash. 

dis  'cord,  1  dis'kerd;  2  dis'c6rd,  n.  1.  Variance  or  strife; 
contention.  2.  Mus.  A  combination  of  dissonant 
sounds;  lack  of  harmony.  3.  A  harsh  or  disagreeable 
medley  of  noises.  [F.,  <  L.  discordia,  <  dis-,  apart,  + 
cor  (cord-),  heart.) — dis-cor'dance,  n.  A  discordant  state 
or  quality;  discord,  dls-cor'dan-cyt. — dis-eor'dant,  a. 
1.  Contradictory;  harsh;  dissonant.  2.  Geol.  Lacking  In 
conformity,  as  of  direction.  Syn.:  see  contrary;  heter- 
ogeneous; incongruous. — dls-cor'dant-ly,  adv. 

dis-count',  1  dis-kaunt';  2  dis-count',  v.  I.  /.  1.  To  de- 
duct, as  a  portion  of  an  amount  owing;  make  an  allow- 
ance of.  2.  To  buy  for  less  than  face  value,  the  differ- 
ence going  to  the  purchaser.  3.  To  give  less  than  full 
credit  to  (a  story  or  statement);  discredit;  disregard. 
4.  To  act  upon  beforehand;  anticipate.  II.  i.  To  pur- 
chase or  accept  notes,  etc.,  at  less  than  face  value,  re- 
taining the  difference,  when  paid,  as  interest.  [  <  L.op 
dis-,  apart,  +  compnlo,  compute.)  —  dls-eoiint'a-bl(e1\  a. 
_ — dls-oount'er,  n. 

discount.  1  dis'kount;  2  dis'count,  n.  1.  An  amount 
counted  off  or  deducted.  2.  Finance.  The  interest  al- 
lowed and  deducted  from  the  face  amount  for  advancing 
money  on  negotiable  paper.  3.  The  act  of  discounting. 
4.  The  rate  of  discount. 

dis-coun'te-nance1,  1  dis-kaun'ti-nons;  2  dis-eoun'te- 
nanq.  I.  vt.  1.  To  look  upon  with  disfavor;  disapprove 
or  discourage.  2||.  To  abash.  Ilf.  n.  1.  Whatever 
tends  to  check  or  discourage;  disfavor.  2.  Confusion; 
abashment. 

dis-cour'age, )  1  dis-kur'ij;  2  dls-ciir'ag,  vt.   [-aged;  -aq- 

dis-cur'agep,  )  ing.]  1.  To  damp  or  quench  the  courage 
of;  dispirit;  dishearten;  deter.  2.  To  destroy,  or  at- 
tempt to  destroy,  confidence  in;  oppose;  obstruct. — 
dls-cour'age-ment,  n.  The  act  of  discouraging,  or  the 
state  of  being  discouraged;  also,  that  which  discourages. 
Syn.:  see  despair. 

dis-course',  1  dis-kors';  2  dls-cors'.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [dis- 
coursed'1, dis-courst's;  dis-cours'ing.]  1.  To  give 
expression  to;  utter;  converse;  make  an  address,  if. 
To  discuss.  3f«  To  confer  with.  II.  n.  1.  Connected 
communication  of  thought;  conversation;  a  formal  dis- 
cussion or  address.  2.  Logic.  The  exercise  or  the  power 
of  analytical  and  consecutive  thought;  ratiocination. 
[<  L.LL+F  dis-,  apart,  to  and  fro,  +  curro,  run.)  Syn.:  see 
conversation;  speech.— dls-cours'cr,  n. 

dls-cour'te-sy,  )  1  dis-kur'ti-si;  2  dls-cur'te-sy,  n.  |-sif.sz, 

dis-cur'te-syH,  S  pi.]  Rude  behavior;  impoliteness.' — 
dls-eour'te-ous,  a.  Showing  discourtesy;  impolite;  rude. 
Syn.:  see  bluff. 

— dls-cour'te-ous-ly,  adv.— dls-cour'te-ous-ness,  n. 

dis 'cous,  1  dls'kus;  2  dts' <us,  a.    Like  a  disk;  discoid. 

dis-cov'er,    (  1  dis-kuVer;  2  dls-^sov'er,  v.     I.  /.    I.  To 

dis-cuv'erp, )  get  first  sight  or  knowledge  of;  find  and 
bring  to  the  knowledge  of  the  world  •;.  To  disclose;  re- 
veal; expose.    3|j.  To  uncover.    11./     To  show  oneself . 

Syn.:  ascertain,  descry,  detect,  discern,  disclose,  expose, 

ferret  out.  Qnd,  (tad  out,  invent,  (if  human  actions  or  char- 
acter, detect  is  used,  almost  without  exception,  or  what  Is 
evil;  discover  mm-  !»■  used  in  either  the  good  or  the  bad  sense, 
oftener  in  the  good;  lie  was  detected  in  :i  Fraud;  real  merit  is 
sure  to  be  discovered,  in  scientific  language,  detect  is  used  ol 
delicate  Indications  that  appear  in  course  of  careful  watch 
Ing;  as.  a  slight  Buttering  of  the  pulse  could  be  detected  \\  i 
discover  what  has  existed  but  has  nol  been  known  to  us;  we 
inn  ni  combinations  or  arrangements  not  before  in  use; 
Columbus  discovered  America;  Morse  Invented  the  electric 
telegraph,  /•'/«</  is  the  most  general  word  for  every  means 
of  coming  to  know  what  was  not  before  certain!}  Known     a 

man  finds  In  I  lie  road  some  Stranger's  purse,  or  liml-  his  Own 
Which  be  Is  searching  for.  The  expert  discovers  Or  (/'/<  CtS  an 
error  In  an  account;  t  lie  auditor  Hml  the  account  to  be  cor- 
rect. Compare  catch;  discern;  know.— Ant.:  see  syno- 
nyms for  hide. 


1 


I 


<1L-d»ln 
dl— «.i 


,  I  i  "•-:  full,  rule;   bOt,  l>Orn; 

i    loo;  1-6;  I  -  •;  gO,  nftt,  Or,  wAo,   MQ 

■    M   .  II.  n. 

i  i  i  iiri  ion  in  the  liv- 

'.'.     \    r  l.j.l    condition    r.  -ultn 

I  I  I  inn  >  1 1  \  .in.  I 

I       ()]  .apart; 

ill 

llment,  complaint,  disorder,  distemper, 

Itlon,  infirmity,  malady,  sloknees, 

•  in  ral  u Tin  for 

From  health;  In  a  more  limited   ena  It  denotes 

Id  condition;  dl  onto  and  affection  are 

,:  and  limited;  as,  a  nei  \  ou 

u   I    I  in   I   n- 

,n.i  literature,  till  tin  ghteenth cen- 

■    tor  even  form  of  physli  abun- 

I       ii  ih  Bible   "1  llaha 

whereof  he  died,'  1 1     There  la 

in,« .  in  i  ;ngtand,  a  tend. !  M  and 

•  i  he  stomach,"  and  to  bold 

i.r,,|icr  words  to  ii-'  in  :i  e<  m  ral 

distinction  has  received  a  limited  acceptance  In 

the  United  States,  where  •  earlier 

and  wider  usage     We  speak  ol  trifling  ailments,  a  slight  b> 

,  serious  or  ■  di  adl  llghi  or  Bevere 

:i  painful  sit  ."■  ol  Ul 

health,  an  Insidious,  serious.  Bevere,  or  di  ( 'om- 

vlaini  Is  :i  popular  term.  v.  |  pplled  to  any  degree 

ot  iii  health,  slight  or  severe.    Infirmity  denotes  a  Chronic  or 

lingering  weakness  or  disability,  as  blindness  or  lameness, 

Bee  illness      Aiit.:  health,  robustni        oundni    i, strengtb, 

Bturdinees,  vigor. 

dls-edge't,  the  edge  of ;  blunt;  sate 

.11-  .-l«-.'trl-r>.  1  dto*i-lek'tn-fol  e'tri-iy,  it.    To 

deprive  ..f  electricity  or  ol  electric  current.    dls"c-lec"trl- 

ti-ea'tlon. 

dK'Vni-hark",  1  dis*em-bark';  2  dl8*8m-bark',  it.  &  vi. 
1  o  i  "ii  or  go  ashore  from  a  ship;  land;  unload. 
ills-ciii"l>ar-ka'tlnii  or -ca. 'thin,  n. 
rli>"rm-har'ra»s  .   1   dis'em-bar'ee;  2  dl-"em-l>ar'as,  vt. 

..  embarrassment  of  any  kind,    -iiieut,  n. 
dis"em-bO{l'y,  1  dis"em-bed'i;  2  dls*8m-b8d'yi ''     !•  To 
it. .  from  i  in  body.    'i.  To  disband,  as  troops. 
dls^em-bod'l-ment,  n. 
tUs"eni-bogae/,  1  dWem.-bog';  2  dls'Sm-bdg',  vt.  &  vi.   1. 
To  discharge  at  the  mouth,  as  a  stream     '!.  .\<mt.  To 
pass  out  of  the  mouth  of  a  river,  bay,  or  gulf:  said  of  a 
3p   ■  ■■  embocor,  <  '!•■-  (  <  L.  d\  ■-;  see  dm-) 
ioear,  put  Into  the  mouth,  <  L.  in.  in,  +  bueea,  cbeek  ] 
dts"em-bogue',  dls"em-bogue'ment,  n. 
tlis'Viii-bow'H,  1  dis"em-bau'el;  2  dls'fim-bow'el,  rf.  To 
take  or  lei  out  thi 

dl»"eii-a'lilct.  it.    To  disable;  unlit. 

dls"en-chant'd,  1  dis*en-Ciiont';  2  dVSn-chant',  rt.  To 
free  from  enchantment;  disillusionize,    -ment,  « 

(iis".-||-c|||irl»tT,   1  <li-"eli-klllll'l>..t  ;  2  di-"eli-el"llii'l)er,  vt. 

'J'. i  free  from  encumbrance  or  burden. 

dls'en-cnm'ber-ment,  n.    dls"cii-rum'hraiice:. 

dte'en-dow  ',  ]  dls"en-dau';  2  dl8*en-dow',  rt.  To  take  away 
an  endow  meni  or  endow  menu  from.    dis'Vn-dnw  'ment,  n. 

dis"cn-gagc\  1  di-"in-nej';  2  dis'Tii-rf..:'.  rt   .v  M     Toset 
or  be  free  from  engagement;  become  detached;  with- 
draw.   Syn.:  see  ai  u  \-i      dis'Vn-gaged',  pa.     l.  Bep- 
arated  or  disjoined.     '!.  Not  bound  by  appointment ;  at  lib- 
dls^en-gag'ed-ness,  n     di>"cii-gagc'mcnt,n. 

ilis'Vn-tan'gl  e1',  1  di-Vn-tat/gl;  2  dWeu-t&n'gl,  vt.    To 
relieve  ot  entanglement  or  perplexity;  unravel. 
dis'Vn-tan'gld—  ment'',  n. 

di8"en- thrall',  l  dls*en-£hrSl';  2  dls*6n-thrar,  rt.  To  release 
from  or  xs  from  thraldom;  set  tree.  dls"en-thral'i. — 
dls'Vn-thrar  or  -thrall  'linen t,  dls"ln-tliral'ment,  n. 

dls"en-throne't,  rt.    To  dethrone.  [disinter. 

ill-"en-tuiiib',  1  1 1 i - " i ■  1 1 - 1 1 i r i . ' ;  :_'  dl -'en-tom'.  '/.     To  exhume; 

dhVen-trance'',  1  dis'en-trans/:2dlB*6n-tranc',  vt.  Toarouse 

from  a  train,-  or  spell.  dlslUuSlOl  [twine. 

dls"en-twlne',  1  dls*en-twaln';  'z  dls*en-twln',  rt.    To  un- 
dl-sep'a-lous,  1  dal  v-Ka,a.  Bol.  Having 

■    BEPALOUS.] 

di--e-tal.'lislr,   1  di.-'Vs-tal/li.-h;  2  dI-".'.-tal/lish,  vt. 
To  deprive  of  established  character;  withdraw  state. 
-h  a  church. 
dl8"es-tab'll8h-menl . 
dis-fa'vor,  1  dis-fS'var; 2 djfa-fa'vor.    I.  vt.    To  withdraw 
or  withhold  favor  from  ;  discountenance.    II.  n.    1.  Lack 
of  favor;  disapproval;  dislike.    2.  The  jtate  oi  l«ingdis- 
tenancea,  disliked,  or  opposed;  odium,     dis-fa'- 
\utir    . 
(lis-liu'ure,  1  dis-fig'yur;  2  di— flg'yur,  vt.    To  impair  or 
injur,  thi  ader  unsightly;  deform. 

dls-flg'ared,  pa.    Physically  marred-  made  unsightly. 
dls-flg'ure-ment,  n.    l.  That  which  disfigures.    2.  The 
act  of  disfiguring,  or  the  state  of  being  disfigured,    dls-flg"- 
u-ra'tlon;.    Synj  see  blemish . 


di»- 

,ii-i  rrp'an-e) . 
1 . 

i 

i 

-• 
Igment. 

ling  to 

,h--.  r.    - 
-  .1-1-  . 

I 

rentiate;  di  — 
ii  guish. 

.    ..r  unfairly. 
-  iha.-i  ; 


■ 


discriminate 


•  rlin"i- 

■. mating;  the 

.'.  i  treatment. 

— .  rim  l-n.i-t.-r>    .      di—erlm  - 
<  rim  l-n.i-lo-rl-li     . 

rive  of 

1|.  The  act 

l 

im  the 

-h  .  -ii.-N  n. 

1 

1  r  and 

'■'■ 

■  ter  or 
I    . 

als-eus'- 

imlna- 

1 1 

I. 

id  in- 

II. 

proud 

rthv  1 

•ii--. I  .infill.  rated 

■ 

- 

[feV-     !•  vt.     [dib-eahed';  via- 


1: 3  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    (Thin;    go;    n  =  sing;    thin,   this.         discredit 
241    2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,   (Usual  ured 


dls-for'est",  1  dis-fer'est;  2  dis-for'est,  vt.  1.  To  clear  of  for- 
est; cut  away  the  timber  of;  strip  of  trees.    2.  To  disafforest. 

dis-fran'chise,  1  dis-fran'cTuz  or  -c"haiz;  2  dis-fran'chig  or 
-chis,  vt.  [-chised; -chis-ing.]  To  deprive  of  a  citizen's 
privileges,  as  of  the  ballot,     -merit,  n . 

dls-gar'nisb  ',  1  dis-gar'nish;  2  dis-gar'nish,  vt.  To  strip  of 
garniture;  disfurnish;  divest. 

dis-gorge',  1  dis-gSrj';  2  dis-gorg',  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  throw 
out,  as  from  the  throat  or  stomach;  eject;  vomit.  2.  To 
restore;  make  restitution. 

dis-grace',  1  dis-gres';  2  dis-grac'.  I*.  vt.  1.  To  bring  re- 
proach or  shame  upon.  2.  To  dismiss  with  ignominy. 
II.  n.  1.  Reproach;  infamy;  ignominy.  2.  That  which 
disgraces.    Syn.:  see  abase;  blemish;  stain. 

— dis-grace 'ful,  a.  Characterized  by  or  causing  dis- 
grace; shameful.  Syn.:  see  flagrant;  infamous.  —  dis- 
grace'ful-ly,  adv.     dis-grace  'ful-ness,  re. 

dis-grun'tle,  1  dis-grun'tl:  2  dis-grun'tl,  rt.  [Colloq.]  To  dis- 
appoint and  vex:  usually  in  the  past  participle. 

dis-guise',    )  1  dis-gaiz';  2  dis-gis/.     I.  vt.    [dis-guised'; 

dis-guize'p,  )  dis-guis'ing.]  1.  To  change  the  appear- 
ance of,  as  by  a  mask ;  hide ;  conceal ;  alter.  2.  To  intoxi- 
cate: a  euphemism.  II.  n.  1.  The  act  of  disguising,  or 
the  state  of  being  disguised;  something  that  disguises. 

2.  Intoxication.  [<  OF.  desguiser,  <  des-,  dis-,  + 
guise,  guise.]  Syn.:  (verb)  see  hide;  mask;  (noun)  see  pre- 
tense.— dis-guls'ed-ly,  adv. — dis-guis'er,  re. 

dis-gust',  1  dis-gust';  2  dis-gust'.  Id.  vt.  To  affect  with 
loathing  or  aversion.  II.  re.  Strong  aversion  or  repug- 
nance, physical,  mental,  or  moral.  [  <  OF.  desgouster,  < 
L.  dis-  (see'ms-)  +  gusln,  taste,  <  guslus,  tasting.]  Syn.:  see 
abomination;  antipathy. 

— dis-gust'ing,  pa.  Serving  or  fitted  to  provoke  disgust; 
odious;  revolting,    dis-gust'fult.— dis-gust'ing-ly,  adv. 

dish',  1  disli;  2  dish,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  place  in  a  dish  or 
dishes;  serve  as  food:  often  with  up  or  out.  2.  To  make 
concave,  as  a  wheel.    II.  i.    To  be  or  become  concave. 

dish,  re.  1.  A  concave  or  hollow  vessel  for  serving  food  at 
meals.    2.  The  kind  or  amount  of  food  served  in  a  dish. 

3.  Concavity.  [  <  Gr.L+A8  diskos,  disk  1— dish  '=cloth", 
re.  A  cloth  used  in  washing  dishes. — dish 'fill,  n.  The 
quantity  that  a  dish  will  hold. — dlsh'ing,  pa.  Hollow  like 
a  dish;  concave. 

dis"ha-hille',  1  dis"a-bll'  or  -bil';  2  dis"a-bil'  or  -bil',  re. 
Undress,  or  negligent  attire,  as  a  morning  wrapper.  [  < 
F.  deshabille,  undressed]    des"ha-biile't. 

dis-h(e)art'en8, 1  dis-hdrt'n;  2  dis-hart'n,  vt.    To  weaken 
the  spirit  or  courage  of;  dispirit;  discourage. 
Syn.:  see  abash. 

dis-her'i-son,  1  dls-her'i-zan;  2  dis-her'i-son,  re.  The  act  of 
cutting  off  from  inheritance.  [<  OF.  deshcritison,  <  LL. 
disheredilo,  <  L.  dis-  (see  dis-)  -f  hercs  (hcred-).  heir.] 

di-shev'el,  1  di-sliev'el;  2  di-sh8v'?l,  vt.  &  vi.  [-eled  or 
-elled,  -eld8;  -el-ing  or  -el-ling]  To  disorder  (the 
hair);  disarrange  (the  dress).  [<  L.F  dis-  privative  -f- 
capillus,  hair.] 

dis-hon'est,  1  dis-en'est;  2  dis-on'est,  a.  Lacking  in 
honesty;  untrustworthy;  fraudulent;  false.  Syn.:  see  bad; 
immoral.— dls-hon'est-ly,  adv. — dis-lion'es-ty,  n.  Fal- 
sity; insincerity;  violation  of  trust;  fraud. 

dis-hon'or,  1  dis-en'ar;  2  dis-on'or.  I.  vt.  1.  To  deprive 
of  honor;  disgrace;  insult.  2.  To  violate  the  chastity  of; 
seduce.  3.  Com.  To  decline  or  fail  to  pay,  as  a  note. 
II.  n.  1.  Lack  of  honor  or  of  honorable  character;  deg- 
radation; insult;  reproach;  stain.  2.  Com.  Refusal  or 
failure  to  pay  a  note,  etc.,  when  due.  dis-hon'ouri. 
Syn.:  (verb)  see  abase;  blemish;  disparage;  pollute; 
stain;  (noun)  see  scorn. — dis-hon'or-a-bl(ep,  a.  Char- 
acterized by  or  bringing  dishonor;  discreditable;  ignoble. 
Syn.:  see  infamous. — dls-hon'or-a-bl(e-ncssr,  n. — dis- 
hon'or-a-bly,  adv. 

dis"il-lu'sion,  1  dis"i-liG'3an;  2  dls"i-lii'zhon,  vt.  To  free 
from  Illusion  or  delusion;  disenchant.  dis"ll-lu'slon-izet. 
— dls"ll-Iu'slon,  re.    dls"ll-lu'sion-menti. 

dls"lm-pas'sloncd,  a.  Free  from  the  influences  of  passion; 
tranquil.  [ment,  re. 

dls'Mm-prls'onJ,  Vt.    To  free  from  prison.     dls"lm-prls'on- 

dis"in-cline',  1  dis"in-kluin';  2  dls"iri-clin',  vt.  To  make 
unwilling  or  averse;  indispose.  —  dis-in"cli-na'tion,  n. 

Distaste;  aversion;  unwillingness. 
dis"in-fect'd,  1  dis"in-fekt/;  2  dVin-fSet',  vt.     To  purify 
from  Infection.  Syn.:  see  CLEANSE.-   dls"lii-fec'lant.    I.  a. 
Disinfecting.     II.  re.    A  substance  used  to  disinfect. — dis"- 

ln-fec'tlon,  re.    The  act  of  disinfecting. 

dis"In-gen'll-oilS,  1  dis"ui-jen'yu-us;  2  dis"hi-i>en'yu-us, 

a.    Not  sincere;  deceitful.    -ly,  «'//•.    -ness,  ». 

dls"in-her'ltd,  1  dis"in-her'it;  2  db"in-heVit,  vt.  To  de- 
prive of  an  inheritance. — dls"lii-her'i-tanee,  n.  dis"- 
ln-her'1-sont. 

dls-ln'te-grated,  1  dis-in'ti-gret;  2  dls-Iu'te-grat,  vt.  &  vi. 


To  break  into  pieces  or  particles;  fall  in  pieces;  crumble. 
— dis-in"te-gra'tion,  re.  The  act  of  disintegrating,  or  the 
state  of  being  disintegrated;  a  crumbling  away;  gradual 
decay  and  wasting  of  rocks  under  elemental  action. 

dis"in-ter',  1  dis"in-tur';  2  dis"in-ter\  vt.  1.  To  dig  up, 
as  from  a  grave;  exhume.  2.  To  bring  to  light  or  life  as 
if  from  a  grave.— dis"in-ter'ment,  n. 

dis-in'ter-est-ed,  1  dis-in'tar-est-ed;  2  dis-Tn'ter-est-Sd, 
a.  Free  from  self-interest;  unselfish;  impartial.  Syn.:  see 
generous. — dls-in'ter-est-ed-ly,  adv. — dis-ln'ter-est- 
ed-ness,  re. 

dis"in-thrall ',  -thral  'ment.    See  disenthrall. 

dis-jas'ked,  1  dis-jas'kit;  2  dis-jas'kit,  a.  [Scot.]  Dilapidated. 
dis-jas'kitl. 

dis-join',  1  dis-jein';  2  dis-join',  vt.  &  vi.  To  sever  or  be 
severed;  separate;  sunder;  part. 

dis-joint 'd,  1  dis-joint';  2  dis-joint',  vt.  To  divide  at  the 
joints,  or  put  out  of  joint;  dislocate;  disconnect;  dis- 
order.— dis-joint'ed,  pa.  Dislocated;  disconnected; 
incoherent,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. — dis-joint'Iy§,  adv. 

dis-junct',  1  dis-jurjkt';  2  dls-junet',  a.  1.  Entom.  Having 
the  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  separated  by  constrictions. 
2.  Not  connected;  detached.  [<  L.  disjvnctus,  pp.  of  dis- 
jungo,  disjoin.]  [ing;  separation. 

dis-junc'tion,  1  dis-junk'sfhan;  2  dis-junc'shon,  re.    Sunder- 

dis-junc'tiv(es,  1  dis-junk'tiv;  2  dis-june'tiv._  I.  a. 
Helping  or  serving  to  disjoin.  II.  re.  That  which  dis- 
joins, as  one  of  certain  conjunctions.    -Iy-,  adv. 

dis-june',  1  dis-jun';  2  dis-jun',  re.  [Scot.]  Breakfast.  [< 
OF.  desjun,  <  desjuner,  F.  dejeuner;  see  dine.]    de-June'}. 

disk,  )  1  disk;  2  disk,  n.    1.  A  flat  plate  of  any  material 

disc,  )  that  is  circular,  or  approximately  circular;  also, 
any  surface  that  is  flat  and  circular,  or  apparently  so; 
as,  the  disk  of  a  planet.  2.  Bot.  Any  approximately 
flat  circular  outgrowth  or  organ.  3.  Eccl.  A  paten.  4. 
Anal.  &  Zool.  A  round,  flattened  structure  or  part.  5. 
A  quoit  or  discus.  6.  Mech.  Any  flat  circular  plate. 
[<  L.  discus,  <  Gr.  diskos,  disk.] 

dis-like',  1  dis-laik';  2  dis-llk'.  I1,  vt.  To  regard  with 
aversion.  II.  re.  Distaste;  repugnance;  aversion.  Syn.: 
(verb)  see  abhor;  (noun)  sec  antipathy;  hatred. — dis- 
llk  'er,  re.— dls-lik 'ing,  re. 

dis-li'kent,  vt.    To  make  unlike;  mask.— dis-llke'nesst,  re. 

dis-iimn'||,  vt.  &  vi.    To  obliterate;  dissolve. 

dis'lo-caie,  1  dis'lo-ket;  2  dis'lo-eat,  vt.  [-CAT"EDd;  -cas- 
ing.] 1.  Surg.  To  put  out  of  joint,  as  a  bone.  2.  To 
put  out  of  proper  place  or  order;  displace;  disarrange. 
[<  L.ll  dis-,  apart,  +  locus,  place] — dls"Io-ca'tlon,  re.  1. 
Surg.  The  partial  or  complete  displacement  of  one  or  more 
of  the  bones  of  a  joint.  2.  The  act  of  displacing  or  disar- 
ranging, or  the  resulting  condition;  disarrangement;  dis- 
order. 

dis-lodge',  1  dis-loj';  2  dis-lodg',  vt.  &  vi.    To  drive  out; 
eject;  displace;  withdraw.    Syn.:  see  banish. 
— dls-lodg'nient,  re. 

dis-loy'al,  1  dis-lei'el;  2  dis-loy'al,  a.  False  to  one's  al- 
legiance or  obligations;  faithless.  Syn.:  see  perfidious. — 
dls-loy'al-ly,  adv. — dis-Ioy'al-ty,  re.  The  state  of  being 
disloyal;  unfaithfulness;  inconstancy. 

(lis'mal,    1   diz'tnal;   2   dis/mal,   a.      Cheerless;   doleful; 
gloomy.    [  <  disme,  'in  the  dismal  time,'  meaning  'in  the 
tithing  time.']  Syn.:  see  dark  ;  sad. 
— dls'mal-Iy..  adv.— dis'mal-ness,  re. 

dis-nian'tKe1',  1  dis-man'tl;  2  dis-man'tl,  vt.  [-tl(e)dp; 
-tling.]  To  strip  of  furniture,  equipments,  or  defenses. 
-  dis-nian'tlc-ment,  re. 

dls-inask't,  rt.    To  unmask  or  uncover;  discover. 

dis-mastM,  1  dis-mast';2dls-maet',»t.  Naut.  To  remove 
the  masts  of;  break  and  carry  away  the  masts  from. 

dis- may',  1  dis-rnc';  2  dls-mfi'.  I.  vt.  To  fill  with  con- 
sternation; daunt;  appal;  affright.  II.  n.  A  state  of 
overwhelming  embarrassment  and  fright;  consterna- 
tion; terror.  [<  dis-  +  F.  -maytr,  <  OHG.  magan, 
have  power.]  Syn.:  (verb)  see  frighten;  (noun)  see 
alarm;  chagrin;  fear;  fright.  [dime.] 

dlsmell,  1  dim;  2  dim,  re.    A  tenth  part;  a  lithe.     [OF.;  see 
dls-mem'ber,  1  dis-mem'bar;  2  dls-mPm'ber,  vt.     1.  To 
separate  limb  from  limb  or  part  from  part.    2§.  To  sep- 
aratefrom  membership,    -mi'iit,  n. 
dis-miss",  1  dis-niis';  2  dts-mTs',  vt.    To  put  (Hit  of  office, 
service,    or    consideration;    discharge;    set,    aside;    send 
away;  reject.     |<  ins-    |    I.,  missus,  \<\>.  nf  milto,  send] 
Syn.:    see    banish.— dis-mls'sal,  n.     A  dismissing;   dis- 
charge.    d!s-inlsMont.     dls-nils'so-rj,  n.      Dismissing 
or  sending  away.    dls-mto'8lv(e*t. 
dis-nioiinl''1,  1  dis-maunt';  2  dls-mount',  v.    I.  t.    To 
remove  from  ■•>  horse,  as  :i  soldier,  "i-  from  a  mounting, 
cannon  or  :i  jewel.    II.  i.    To  get  off  or  alight,  as 

from  a  In  use;  corne  down;  descend. 
1  dls-iia'turedt,  a.    Unnatural. 


'    can-li 


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ii-  hi. 
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r]|-[,.  . 


inilHirLson 

.-.  detrac- 

»:i  mil  be 
■  i.     [<  L.  dis- 

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i  from  use 

■  ncloMirr 

.  part.] 
;-  >rii  from 

BOBEB. 
•  II  —  | •  i-    -|. .ii-. il. -ii.  --. 
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II.  I.i 

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I  i         ■■  i'i       ii'.  Ar:   full,  rflle;   but,  liOm; 

ii        i      I;  I      .  .  »■<>.  i  n"»  i .  <>..  »on,     'If* 

i  ii. ii  Ion  ..I  i»  oplo)      dU- 
i>. ..  |.i.    in.  hi.         iii*-|.  ..  p|i  i . 
dl-nprr  'moiKi  I  da  \  ■■■ led 

ill   -  p.  i   .    . 

.■.  |    To  .lin  '■  in  different  diroo- 
ptiti      eparato;  di    ippt  ir,   >    oloud  - 

,  I   .n.i         S\  ii       .  o    BPRI  Mi 

III;-,     i'i      I  111 

din-pet  -.ii        .'    ■  i  I  i       parol 

different  colors  bj  tin-  action  •■(  ■  prism 
dls-per'sh  i   . 
II  -it  'it.  vl.    To  rcndei  chi  i  i 

irten      <lls-|>lr'll-r<l-l) , 

ill--|ilr  K-lim-l)  ,  mli . 

dlit-plare' .  I.  To  ronton  e  From 

'.'.  i     lake  the  place  of ,  as  b]  pushing  out 

rowd  out,  derange,  dl  dl  iturb, 

Jumble,  mislay,  mlaplaee,  remove,  unsettle    Objects  are  dit- 

when  moved  out  of  the  place  they  have  occupied;  they 

■  :  when  put  Into  a  place  where  they  should  nol 

One  maj  Kn..«  where  to  Bnd  whal  he  hae  misplaced; 

what  he  has  mislaid  he  can  nol  locate      Ant.:  adjust,  array, 

fj .  dispose,  group,  order,  place,  pul  In  order,  put 

in  place,  set  In  order,  sort. 

iiK-phu  I'niint.  n     i.  The  aol  ..f  displacing,  or  the 
of  being  displaced;  also,  an  apparent  change  of  position, 
2.  The  weight  of  water  displaced  b}  abody  float- 
ing in  it.  thi-i  welghi  being  equal  to  the  weight  ..f  the  body, 
dls-planl '.  l  dls-plant';  :_'  dls-plant',  vt.    I.  To  uprool .  pluck 

from  put r  stair  of  settlement;  displace.    2.  To  strip  of 

whal  Is  planted  or  fixed.    dls"plan-ta'tlon,  n. 

dla-pUy',  i  dis-ple';  2  dl  I.       a         1.  To  make 

manili  i(  or  i  onspicuous;  parade     '*.  To  open;  unfold; 

make  a  display     3.  In  prim  i  pecial 

prominence  to,  as  by  l.-irj_..-  type,     II.  n.     The  ad  of 

spreading  out,  unfolding,  or  bringing  to  the  view  or  to 

the  mina;  ostentatious  mow.     |-     L.or  dis-,  apart,  + 

fold.]   Syn.:  (verb)  see  it. mm;  (noun)  see  ostenta- 

I  ION      -PI  •    I M'l.K. 

dls-please'i  L  dia  plla'j  2d  ro  vex;  an- 

noy; offend;  give  offense.    [<  I  ttlaceo,  please.] 

■  ■  lpfront;  piqi  i 
dls-pleas'lng,  pa.    Offensive     -ly.  adv.    dls-plea'- 
siire,  ■:.    i.  The  state  of  being  dlsplea  ..i    dissatisfaction; 
vexation;  Indignant  disapproval.    2.  An  annoyance;  offense, 

.    :    I    '.     :    ,     PIQUE. 

dls-plode't,  t>.    Toexplode.    dls'plo'slont,  n. 
dls-plume'  .  1  dls-pldm':  2  dls-plum',  vt.    To  strip  of  plumes 

hers;  deprive  of  rank  or  honor;  degrade. 
dls-pone',  l  dls-pOn';  2  dls-pOn',  vt.  .v.-  vi.    [db-ponxd';  ms- 
i.  ro  grant  or  convey  to  another,  aa 

property,    2.  To  Incline  (a  person)  to     :it.  To  arrange;  set 
In  ..r.iir.    [•    i.i    dlsponer,  <  L.  dispono,  <  dls-,  pis-,    i 
dls-pon'er,  n. 
dls-pori ',  1  dis-port';  2  dls-port'.    Id.  vt.  &  vi.    1.  To  di- 
vert; play;  sport.    2||.  To  transport;   deport.     II.  n. 
ii  :  sport.    [<  L.OF  de,  away,  +  porto, 
carry.]    Syn     •■   uiuse;  imiktain. 
dls-pose',  1  dis-pdV;  2  dfe-p&V,  v.    [dib-posed';  dis-pos'- 
im.  ]    I.  t.    1.  To  Bel  in  order;  arrange;  settle.    'I.  To 
direct  t  be  mind  of;  incline.    .'J.  To  order  or  appoint ;  re«- 
ulate.    4.  To  make  over  or  alienate,  as  property:  now 
generally  dispose  of.    II.  i.    To  arrange  or  settle  some- 
thing.   (<  I  tfw-,  apart,  -+- poser;  see  pose1, 
■      Syn    see  actuate:  persuade;  bequl ate;  set. 

to  dispose  of.     1.  To  And  a  plarc  or  use  for.     2.  To 

part  with;  get  rid  of.    dls-pos'a-hiiei'.  a.    Subject  to  dls- 
'■    to  be  used  as  occasion  may  require,    dls-po'sal, 
n,    I.  The  act  of  disposing;  arrangement;  order;  distribu- 
tion.   '!.  a  getting  lid  of,  as  by  girl  or --air.    :t.  Power  of  con- 
trol, outlay,  or  distribution.—  dls-posed',  pp.    dls-pos'er, 
orders.     dls-po'suret,  n.  1.    DIs- 
.'    i  ■  tlon;  temperament. 

dls-pose't,  n.    I.  Disposal.    2.  Order;  arrangement.    3.  l)ls- 

deportment. 
dls"po-8l'tlon,  1  o!i.s"po-zi^h'an;  2  dler'po-gfah'on,  n.    1. 
The  ad  of  disposing,  or  the  state  or  manner  of  disposal ; 
final  settlement.    '*.  Natural  tendency;  temper  or  tem- 
ent;  characteristic  spirit;  bent;  propensity.     3. 
Natural  organic  tendency  of  things,  animate  or  inani- 
mate.    1-  Arch.  Arrangement,  ae  of  plan,  perspective, 
distinguished  from  •■<      [F.,    <   L.  dis-, 

apan  pono,  place.]     Syn.:  see  appetite; 

ii.  ITION;    MINLi;  will. 
dls"pos-8eSS' ,  1  ili-"po-/.i-s';  2  'li-"po-5es',  vt.    To  eject; 

ili-"p<i>-ses'sion,  n.  -  dis"[»ns-ses'sor,  n. 
<ii --prize'  ,  vt.  To  fail  to  value;  undere  tlmate 
dls-proof',  n     Elefutation;  confut 

(lls"pr(i-|K»r'tlon,  ]  di  "pro-por'i  (ian;2dfe"pro-por'8hon. 
I  •         To  make  of  unsuitable  proportions  with  reference, 


1: a  =  final;    1=  habit:    aisle:    mi  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    nosing;    Chin,   this.  disobey 

243     2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,    dissoluble 


to  something  else.    II.  n.    Want  of  due  relative  propor- 
tion; lack  of  symmetry;  also,  inadequacy. 

— dis"pro-por'tlon-a-bI(ep,  a.  Unsuitable;  inadequate. 
— d!s"pro-por'Mon-ate,  a.  Out  of  proportion;  dispropor- 
tioned.  dis"pro-por't  Ion-alt. — dis"pro-por'tion-ate- 
ly,  adv.  dis"pro-por'tion-al-lyt.  —  dis"pro-por'tiou- 
ate-ness,  re. 

dis-prove',  1  dis-prfrv';  2  dls-prov',  vt.  To  prove  to  be 
false,  erroneous,  fraudulent,  or  illegal;  confute;  refute. 
— dis-prov'al,  re.    Disproof. 

dis-punge't,  vt.    To  discharge,  as  water  from  a  sponge. 

dis-pute',  1  dis-pifit';  2  dis-put',  v.  [dis-put'ed"1;  dis- 
put'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  question;  challenge;  controvert. 
2.  To  argue  about;  discuss.  3.  To  strive  or  contend  for; 
contest.  II.  i.  1.  To  debate;  wrangle;  quarrel.  2.  To 
compete,  as  for  a  prize.  [  <  F.  disputer,  <  L.  disputo,  < 
dis-.  apart,  +  pulo,  reckon.] 

Syn.:  antagonize,  argue,  battle,  combat,  contend,  contest, 
controvert,  debate,  discuss,  oppose,  quarrel,  question,  rea- 
son, wrangle.  Persons  may  contend  either  from  mere  ill  will 
or  self-interest,  or  from  the  highest  motives;  "that  ye  should 
earnestly  contend  for  the  faith  which  was  once  delivered  to 
the  saints,"  Jude  3.  To  controvert  is  to  argue  wholly  on  the 
negative  side,  urging  considerations  against  an  opinion,  prop- 
osition, or  the  like.  One  may  argue  and  discuss  without  an 
opponent.  We  may  question  or  discuss  a  proposition  with- 
out reference  to  any  one's  advocacy  of  it,  but  to  contend,  de- 
bate, or  dispute  implies  an  opponent.  A  dispute  may  be  per- 
sonal, fractious,  and  petty;  a  debate  is  formal  and  orderly; 
If  otherwise,  it  becomes  a  mere  "  WTangle."  Compare 
argue;  contend;  question;  reason. 

— dis'pu-ta-bl(eP,  a.  That  may  be  disputed;  contro- 
yertible;  doubtful. — dis'pu-tant.  I.  a.  Engaged  in  con- 
troversy; disputing.  II.  re.  One  who  disputes. — dis"pu- 
ta  '(Ion,  re.  The  act  of  disputing;  controversy;  discussion; 
argumentation.  Syn.:  see  altercation.— dls"pu-ta'tious, 
a.  Characterized  by  or  pertaining  to  dispute,  dls-pu'ta- 
tlT(eBt.   -ly,  adv.— dls-put'er,  re. 

dis-pute%  re.    A  controversial  discussion;  a  contest;  alter- 
cation; wrangle;  quarrel. 
Syn.:  see  altercation;  feud;  quarrel. 

dis-qual'i-fy,  1  dis-kwel'i-fai;  2  dis-kwal'i-fy,  vt.  To  de- 
prive of  qualifications;  incapacitate;  disable;  debar. — 
dis-qual"i-fi-ca'tion,  n. 

dis-quan'tl-ty,  vt.  1.  To  deprive  of  quantity  or  metrical 
value,  as  a  syllable.    2t.  To  diminish:  lessen. 

dis-qui'et,  1  dis-kwai'et;  2  dis-kwl'et.  Id.  vt.  To  make 
uneasy  or  restless;  harass;  disturb.  II.  re.  An  unset- 
tled or  disturbed  condition;  restlessness;  uneasiness. 
dls-qul'et-nessj;  dls-iiul'e-tudc].  Syn.;  see  alarm; 
anxiety;  fear.  — dls-q,ut'et-!y,  adv. 

dis"qui-si'tion,  1  dis"kwi-zisli'en;  2  dis"kwi-sTsh'on,  n. 
A  systematic  treatise  or  discourse;  dissertation.  [<  L. 
dis-,  apart,  about,  +  qusero,  seek.] 

Dis-rael'i,  1  diz-rel'i;  2  dis-ral'i,  n.  1.  Beujamln  (1804- 
1881),  an  English  statesman  and  novelist.  Earl  of  Bea- 
consfield;.  2.  Isaac  (17G6-1848),  an  English  writer,  father 
of  Lord  Beaconsfleld;  Curiosities  of  Literature. 

dis"re-gard ',  1  dis"n-g5rd' ;  2  dis"re-gard'.  Id.  vt.  To 
slight;  overlook.  II.  n.  Want  of  regard;  neglect. 
Syn.:  see  neglect;  slight.—  dis"re-gard 'ful,  a. 

dis-rel'isb,  1  dis-rel'isb;  2  dis-rei'ish.  I',  vt.  1.  To  feel 
aversion  to;  dislike.  2.  To  take  away  the  relish  of;  make 
unpalatable  or  offensive.  II.  n.  1.  A  feeling  of  slight 
repugnance;  distaste  or  dislike.  2.  Lack  of  palatable- 
ness;  the  quality  of  being  displeasing  or  distasteful. 

dls"re-palr',  1  dis"n-par';  2  dis"re-par',  re.  The  state  of  being 
out  of  repair. 

dls"re-pute',  1  dis"n-piiit';  2  dis" re-put',  re.  Lack  or  loss 
of  reputation;  ill  repute, — dis-rep"u-ta-bil'i-ty,  n. — 
dis-rep'u-ta-bl(e'',  a.  Being  in  or  causing  ill  repute;  dis- 
graceful.   Syn.:  see  infamous. — dls-rep'u-ta-bly,  adv. 

dis"re-spect',  1  dis"n-spekt';  2  dls"re-sp6et',  re.  Lack  of 
respect;  discourtesy. — dis"re-spect'ful,  a.  Wanting 
in  respect;  discourteous,    -ly,  adv.  [dress;  strip. 

dis-rol>e',  1  dis-rob';  2  dis-rob',  vt.  &  vi.    To  unclothe;  im- 

dis-rupt'd,  1  dis-rupt';  2  dls-rfipt',  vt.  To  burst  asunder, 
[<  L.  dis-,  apart,  asunder,  +  rumpo,  burst.] — dls-rup'- 
tlon,  re.   The  act  of  bursting  or  tearing  asunder;  the  state  o( 

being  so  torn     Syn.:  sec  BOTTtfBE.     dls-rup'tlv(eK,  n.    Pro- 
ducing, resulting  from,  or  attending  disruption;  rend 

bursting. 

diss.,  iihhr.     Dissertation. 

dis-sat'ls-fy,  1  dis-sat'is-fai;  2  dls-sat'is-fy,  vt.  [-fied; 
-fy"in<:  ]    To  disappoint ;  displease. 

dls-sat"ls-fae'Mon,  re.  A  dissatisfied  slate  or  Feeling; 
discontent,  dls-sat"ls-fac'to-ry,  a.  Giving  dissatisfaction 
ordiscontent;unsatisfactory.    dls-safis-fac'to-rl-ness,  n. 

dls-seat'§,  vt.    To  unseat;  dethrone. 

dls-sect'',  1  di-sekt';  2  di-sect',  vt.  1.  To  cut  apart  or 
divide,  as  an  animal  body  or  a  plant,  in  order  to  examine 


the  structure;  anatomize.  2.  To  analyze  and  discuss 
critically.  [  <  L.  dissectus,  pp.,  <  dis-,  apart,  +  seco, 
cut.]    Syn.:  see  cut. 

— dis-scct'ed,  pa.  1.  Cut  in  pieces;  separated  at  the 
joints.  2.  Bot.  Deeply  cut  into  lobes  or  segments,  as  a  leaf. 
— dissected  map  or  picture,  a  map  or  picture  mounted  on 
wood  or  cardboard,  and  cut  into  irregular  pieces,  as  a  puzzle, 
to  be  put  together. — dis-sect'l-bl(ep,  a. — dis-sec'tion,  re. 

1.  The  act  of  dissecting.  2.  A  dissected  object;  an  anatomi- 
cal preparation.  3.  A  critical  analysis. — dis-sec'tor,  re.  One 
who  dissects;  a  treatise  on  dissection. 

dls-seize',  1  dis-siz';  2  dis-sez',  vt.  Law.  To  oust  from  the 
possession  of  an  estate  in  freehold  unlawfully.  [  <  OF.  dis- 
seisir,  <  des-,  dl«-,  +  seisir,  F.  saisir,  seize.] — dls"selz-ee', 
re.  One  who  is  disseized.  dis"seis-ee't. — dls-selz'ln,  re. 
Law.  The  unlawful  entry  upon  the  freehold  of  another  and 
wrongful  ouster  of  him  from  possession,  dls-sels'int;  dl»- 
selz'uret. — dis-selz'or,  re.  Law.  One  who  disseizes,  dis- 
seisor J. 

dis-sem'bl(ep,  1  di-sem'bl;  2  di-sSm'bl,  v.  [-bl(e)dp; 
-bling.]     I.  t.    1.  To  conceal,  as  by  a  false  appearance. 

2.  To  make  a  show  of;  pretend ;  feign.  II.  i.  To  put  on 
false  appearances;  dissimulate.  [<  L.F  dissimulo,  < 
dis-,  apart,  +  similis,  like.]  Syn.:  see  bide;  mask. — dls- 
sem'bler,  re. — dis-sem'bling-ly,  adv. 

dis-sem'i-nate,  1  di-sem'i-net;  2  di-sSm'i-nat,  vt.  [-nat"- 
EDd;  -nat"ing.]  To  sow  broadcast;  scatter;  diffuse; 
promulgate.  [  <  L.  dis-,  apart,  +  semino,  sow,  < 
semen,  seed.]  Syn.:  see  spread. — dis-sem"l-na't!on,  n. — 
dls-sem'l-na-tiv(e9,  a.— dis-sem'i-na"tor,  re. 

dis-sen'sion,  1  di-sen'slisn;  2  di-sen'shon,  re.     Angry  or 
violent  difference  of  opinion;  discord;  strife. 
Syn.:  see  altercation;  feud;  quarrel. 

dis-sent',  1  di-sent';2di-sent'.  Id.  vi.  To  disagree;  with- 
hold assent.  II.  n.  The  act  or  state  of  dissenting;  dis- 
agreement; refusal  to  conform  to  an  established  church. 
[<  L.  dis-,  apart,  +  sentio.  feel.]— dis-sent'er,  re.  One  who 
dissents,  as  from  an  established  church;  a  nonconformist: 
often  capitalized.  Syn.:  see  heretic. — dls-sen'tient.  I. 
a.  Dissenting.  II.  re.  A  dissenter,  dis-sen'tivet.— dis- 
sen'tious,  a.    Contentious.    -ly,  adv. 

dis'ser-tate||,  1  dis'ar-tet;  2  dis'er-tat,  vi.  To  discourse  or 
write  in  a  learned  or  formal  manner,  dis-sert't. — dls'ser- 
ta-tiv(es,  a. 

dis"ser-ta  'tion,  1  dis"ar-te'sTian ;  2  dis"er-ta'shon,  n.  An 
extended  and  argumentative  treatise  or  discourse;  dis- 
quisition.   [<  L.1-1-  dissero,  discuss.)     Syn.:  see  speech. 

dls-serv(c's,  1  dis-surv';  2  dis-serv',  vt.  To  neglect  to  serve 
or  treat  badly;  do  an  ill  turn  to.  [<  F.  desservir.  <  L.  dis-, 
dis-,  +  servio,  serve.]— dls-ser'vic(e8,  re.  Ill  service;  an  ill 
turn. — dis-ser'vice-a-bl(ep,  a.  Disadvantageous;  unser- 
viceable. 

dis-sev'er,  1  di-sev'ar;  2  di-sSv'er,  vt.  &  vi.  To  sever;  dis- 
join; separate;  part. — dis-sev 'er-ance,  re.  Separation. 
dls-sev'er-mentt. 

dis 'si-dent,  1  dis'i-dent;  2  dis'i-dgnt.  I.  a.  Dissenting; 
Differing.  II.  re.  A  dissenter.  [<  L.  dissideo,  sit, 
apart,  <  dis-,  apart,  +  sedeo,  sit.] — dis'sl-dence,  re.  Dis- 
agreement; dissent. 

dis-sil'l-ent,  ldis-sil'i-ent:2dls-sll'i-ent,  a.  Bursting  or  flying 
open.  [<  L.  dissilien(.t-)s,  ppr.  of  dissillo,  fly  apart,  <  dls- 
i>is-.  +  salio,   leap.]— dls-sll'1-ence,  n.    dls-sll'l-en-cyj. 

dis-sim'i-lar,  1  dis-sim'i-lor;  2  dis-sim'i-lar,  a.  Unlike; 
different.    Syn.:  see  contrary;  heterogeneous. 

— dis-sim"l-lar'I-ty,  re.  Unlikcness;  difference.— dls- 
slm'1-lar-ly,  adv.— dls"sl-mll'l-tudc,  re.  The  state  of 
being  dissimilar.    Syn.:  see  difference. 

dis-sim'u-lated,  1  dis-sim'yu-let;  2  dls-slm'yu-lat,  vt.  & 
vi.  To  simulate  the  contrary  of;  conceal  by  feigning; 
dissemble.  [<  L.  dissimulatus,  pp.  of  dissimulo;  see 
DISSEMBLE.] — dls-slm"u-la'tlon,  re.  False  pretense.  Syn.: 
sec  DECEPTION';  HYPOCRISY;  PRETENSE. — dls-sllll'u-la- 
tlv(eB)  «. — dls-slm'u-Ia-tor,  re. 

dis'si-p.ite,  1  dis'i-pet;  2  dls'i-pat,  v.  [-PAT"EDd;  -l  at"- 
in<;.]  I.  t.  To  disperse  or  scatter  utterly;  drive  :t way ; 
dispel;  waste;  squander.  II.  i.  1.  To  scatter;  vanish; 
disappear.    2.  To  be  wasteful  or  dissolute.    |<  I.,  dis-, 

apart,  I  su/io,  throw]     Syn.:  see  squander.     dls'si-pal'Vd, 

pa.   Pursuing  pleasure  to  excess;  dissolute.    dlsw8l-pa'tlon, 

//.       I.   The   act    Of    dissipating.     2.     Excessive  Indulgence. 

especially  In  vicious  pleasures,     8.  Distraction,  as  oi  the 
mind,  or  anything  thai  distracts.    Syn.:  see  excess. 
dls-so'cl-ate,  1  di-so'sTn-St;  2  dl-so'shi-at,  st.    |-at"i:o''; 
-at"inc  I    To  disconnect;  separate 

dls-so"cla-bll'l-ly,  «  dls-so'cla-bliec,  „  ,||S-S(>'- 
cla-bl(e-nessc,  „  «||s-so'cla-bly.  adl  dl9-SO'elal,  0 
unsocial:   unfriendly,    dls-so'claf-be,   vt.    dIs-so"cl-a'- 

(lon,  re       dls-so'cla-MKe",  u. 

dis'so-lu-bKc'-,  1  dis'o-Iiu-bl;  2  dls'o-lu-l.l,  a.  1.  Sep- 
arable into  parts  2.  Capable  oi  being  dissolved  '>r  de- 
composed     dls"so-lu-bll'l-t> ,  dls'so-lu-bKe-nessP,  n. 


dt*»oliitf- 


*Ti   f»H.  rtt«i   bOt,  bflrn; 

i      ,  i  i  .  ..       0      »' .  WOO, 


Hi 


i  i.-i.l 

•)  l-l  ifa 
■tab  i-(. 

.!    (    . 


.11-1.   II. 


h    .i-M    .     .  .11  — 

« 1 1  -    -..-M  in.  .   . 

m.'i  ii '; 

.    . 

! 
I 
II 
-Ii.  -ii. 

\  word 

i  ,i.  ii,-.  ,  (Ion,  dls"- 

-->  I  I  ,-'  [Irlcl. 

'!.  Figura- 
male  sex. 

n;  sully;  defile. 

■   from  the 
mint.      [<    DI8- 
.1!-    Iml-I)  . 
I. 

ind  in  :i  race; 

I .  in  space, 

'.'.  -  .li-t:tnt ; 

.'t. 

I.     -       iration    in 

5  . 

I 
'.'■  ible;  for- 

1.  •  plain;  in- 

. 
ill-  'tant-I) . 

disrelish; 


1.  To  af- 
ifflc. 
''..  Ill  humor; 

leriala.     j 
i 

expand; 

•l-MM-l).  .11  —  t .  n.|-l,| 

■  i'--i.  ii  ' i. 

•  ii  —  i •  ii  '-inn 

ill-    ll-i  hull-. 


-11-1,1  . 

r]  1  —  till 


1 

II.         I.  To  extract 

dig. 

.ii-tiii.ii.-,  .. 


bolUng«obunbtr| '.,  *»■- 
InfMBbunbir; 

M  tol  «»l,-r.   ■ 


.  .i  bj  distill* Hon      ilN"iii-iii'(i(>n,  n. 
■  ol  distilling     dls-tlller,  n     One  who 

.ml    H f  distilled 

\   poudi 

.1 1  --  ( 1 1   I  ,  H. 

.  iii  for  distil 

■  I.-  liquors 

<ll  —  I  II    IIK'II  t  t,       .. 

i  in- 1  or  distillation     dU-tlll'- 

iii.  mi  ' . 
.IK-iiiu-r.  1  dis  lirjkt';  2  dls  tlnct', 
I.  i  Ii  .i   to  the 
unmistakabli     '.'. 

:  viewed  apai t.  ii other 

disjoined; 
or  marked  bj   oli 
and     understanding,        1 1    .         I 
ilsli.]       s.vn.:     see 

IPPARI  NT;    CLEAR;    I  win  \  i  .     mini 

>  mi  in  lab;  plain 
■ii--iliit''tli>ii,  a      I.    \  distin- 
guishing mark  or  quality;  :i  onarao- 
dUIerenoe;  also,  the  relation 
of  difference  between  objects  bavins 
dlstlngui  bins  marks  or  Qualities     '..  D1stullng»apparatua 

i  of  distinguishing;    dbertml-    ■ 
nation     :t.  Heed  or  regard  to  differ- bu 
encee.  asof  rank  or  character    4.  a  "" 
mark  ..r  honor;  Bupertorlt j .  honorable  d'uuilod  w»Im" 
position     s.vn.:  Bee  cb  \a  \i  rasi 

i  \ m i  dls-tlnc'tlv(e*,  a,  Characteristic ; 
distinguishing,  s.vn.:  see  pahticulab.  dls-tliic'tlvie- 
h  .  iii--iinc'ih  e-ness*,  n.    dis-tinci'iy,  adv. — 

ilN-Mnrl  'liess,  n 

dl8"tln"gu6',  1  dtB*tah*g8';  2  dWtan'ge/,  «.    [P.]    Dlstln- 

i  ai  riage  or  manner. 
dls-tln'sjulshSldis-tirj'gwisTi^dls-tlo'gwish.t).    I.  t,  1. 
I  o  ii. ark  or  recognise  as  different  or  separate;  discrim- 
inate; differentiate     'J.  To  make  eminent  or  conspicu- 
ous.   II.  i.    To  discriminate:  followed  by  between.    [< 
i        Unguo,  separate.]    s.vn.:  see  abstb  ict;  discern;  know. 
tils-tin 'gulsh-a-bl  !■■ ,  a     dis-tln'galshed,  pa.    Con- 
spicuous; eminent.    Syn.:  see  eminent;  illustrious,    tlls- 
tin'gulsii-ing,  pa.    Constituting  difference  or  distinction; 
characteristic.     dls-tlii'gulsli-iii<-ntt,  n.    observation  of 
dhTerei 
dls-tort'd,  1  dis-tert';  2  .  Its-tort',  vt.    1.  To  twist  into  an 
u  n  nat  oral  ur  irregular  form.    St.  To  give  a  strained  mean- 
ing to;  Interpret  falsely;  pervert.    [<  L.  dt«-,  apart,  + 
taTQueo,  twist.)    Svn.:  see  pervert. — dls-tor'tlon,  n.    The 
art  ol  distorting;  a  deformity;  perversion, 
dlslr.,  dlslrlb.,  nhbr.     I  llstrlbuted,  distributive, 
dls-tract ' ',  1  dis-trakt';  2  die  ti  Let',  vt.    1.  To  divert  or 
turn  aside,  as  the  mind  from  a  subject.    2.  To  turn  or 
.Iran  uln-  mind  or  attention)  in  various  directions;  be- 
wilder; confuse.     3.  To  make  frantic;  craze.     (<  L.1* 
dtitratio,  <  iii  -,  apart,   I  traho,  draw.]    Svn.:  see  abstract; 
perplex,     dls-tract 'eii,  pa     I.  Bewildered  or  harassed. 
•;.  Mentally  deranged;  maid,    dls-tract't.    Syn.:see  insane. 
ills- tract  'cd-ly,  orfr.     dls-tract 'lug,  dls- trac'th  <crt, n. 
ills-trac'tlon,  n.    1.  A  diversion  of  the  mind;  confusion; 
der;  Interruption.    2.  Strong  agitation;  frenzy;  madness. 
:i.  Disorder,  as  In  a  state.    4.  An  interruption;  diversion, 
St.  \  detachment;  separate  party.    Syn.:  see  perplexity. 
(I is- train',  I  dis-trien';  2  dls-triin',  v.    I.  t.    To  seize  (per- 
sonal property)  lor  debt.    II.  i.    To  make  a  levy  on  per- 
gonal   property   for  debt.      (<    L.<>F  distringo,    <   dis-, 
apart.  +  strlnijo,  draw  tight.] — dls-traiii'a-blfC,  a.— dis- 
train 'er,    dls-traln'or,    n.      One    who    distrains.—  dis- 
traint', n     Lmi.  The  act  or  process  of  distraining. 
ilis-trait',  1  difl-tr6';  2  dls-tra',  o.    Absent-minded.    [F.] 
il  is.  fraught ',  1  dis-tret';  2  dls-trat',  a.    In  a  state  of  dis- 

n.     (\'ar.  of  DISO  H  w  i  i.n  J 
ilis-trcss',  l.lis-tr. is7; 2  die  fcres'.    I'.  vt.    1.  To  inflict  suf- 
fering  upon;  agitate  painfully.     2.  Law.  To  distrain. 
II.  /,      1.  Acute  or  extreme  suffering;  pain;  trouble.    2. 
An  afflicted  or  wretclieil  eoiii Iii  ion  ;  dangerous  situation. 
:i.    Lav     ill   Distraint.     (2)  Goods  taken  by  distraint. 
'  .i     tf<  i"    er,  <   I..  (Ilsirirtus.  pp.  of  distrinao;  see  Dis- 
tbatn.]    S.vn.:  (verb)  see  pebsect  tb;  (noun)  see  adversity; 
,  ;  i.kiek;  MISFORTUNE;  pain;  poverty.— dls-tress'ful, 
»|j  ,  .  .-       -in—. 
ills-trlh'uto,  1  dis-trib'yut;  2  iirs-trfb'yut,  v.     [-uT-EDd; 
j     I.  (.     I.  To  divide  among  a  number;  appor- 
t  ion  ;  share.    2.  To  classify  or  arrange;  separate,  as  from 
'i  in.  and  locate  specifically.     3.  To  scatter  or 
it  in  an  even  or  orderly  way.    4.  Logic.  Toap- 
ply  ■  mbera  ol  a  class  taken  separately:  op- 

II.  i.  1.  To  make  a  distribu- 
tion 2.  Print.  To  separate  the  types  of  composed 
matter  and  return  them  to  their  proper  case*boxes; 


1:8=  final;    i  =  hablt;    aisle;    au  =  oret;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    tj  =  Bing;    thin,   this,      dissolute 
245      2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  divine 


"throw  in."     [<  L.  dis-,  apart,  +  tribuo,  give.]     Syn.:  see 
allot;  apportion;  spread. 

— dls-trib'ut-a-bl(ep,  a.— dls-trib'ut-er,  dis-trib'u- 
tor,  n.— d!s"trl-bu'tion,  n.  1.  The  act  of  distributing;  ap- 
portionment; arrangement;  disposition.  2.  That  which  is 
distributed.  3.  Arch.  The  arrangement  and  interdepen- 
dence of  interior  subdivisions,  etc.,  as  distinguished  from  dis- 
position.— dls-trib'u-tlv(e8.  I.  a.  1.  Serving  or  tending 
to  distribute;  pertaining  to  distribution.  2.  Denoting  indi- 
vidual action  or  consideration.  II.  n.  Gram.  A  distributive 
pronoun,  adjective,  or  numeral,  as  "each,"  "every,"  etc. 
— dls-trlb'u-tlv(e-lys,  adv. 
dis'trict,  1  dis'tnkt;  2  dis'trict.  I.  vt.  To  divide  into 
districts.  II.  n.  1.  A  portion  of  territory  specially  set 
off  or  defined,  as  for  judicial,  political,  educational,  or 
other  purposes.  2.  Any  region  of  space;  a  tract.  [  <  L. 
districtus,  pp.  of  dislringo;  see  distrain. 1    Syn.:  see  land; 

NEIGHBORHOOD. 

Dis'trict  of  Co-lum'bl-a.  A  federal  district  of  the  United 
States  (60  sq.  m.;  pop.  366,631),  on  the  Potomac  river,  site 
of  the  federal  capital,  Washington. 

dis-trust',  1  dis-trust';  2  dis-trust'.  Id.  vt.  To  withhold 
trust  from;  doubt;  suspect.  II.  n.  Doubt;  suspicion; 
discredit.  Syn.:  see  doubt.— dls-trust'ful,  a.  -ly,  adv. 
-ness,  n. 

dis-turb',  1  dis-turb';  2  dis-turb',  vt.  1.  To  rouse  from 
repose  or  rest;  disquiet;  agitate;  trouble.  2.  To  disar- 
range or  disorder.  3|| .  To  divert,  as  from  a  course.  [  < 
I.."*  dislurbo.  <  dis-.  apart,  +  turba,  tumult]  Syn.:  see 
displace.— dls-tur'bance,  re.  The  act  of  disturbing;  a 
public  tumult;  mental  confusion.  Syn.:  see  altercation; 
.     anxiety;  disorder;  tumult. — dis-turb'er,  re. 

dl-sul'fid,      M    dai-sul'fid;  2   di-sul'fld,   re.  Chem.  A   sulfid 

dl-sul'phld,  \  containing  two  atoms  of  sulfur  to  the  molecule. 
[<  di1-  4-  sulfid]  bl-sul'ndf;  bl-sul'pliidi;  di-suITu- 
rett;  dl-sul'phldel;  di-sul'phu-retf. 

dis"u-nite'd,  1  dis"yu-nait';  2  dfe"yu-nlt',  u.  I.  t.  To 
abolish  union  between;  separate;  disjoin;  alienate;  es- 
trange. II.  i.  To  come  apart;  become  separated  or 
parted,  as  friends.  [  <  L.LL  dis-,  apart,  +  L.  unus,  one.] 
— dis-u'nion,  re.  The  state  of  being  disunited;  severance; 
ruptureT — dls-u'nlon-lst,  re..     An  advocate  of  disunion. 

dis-use',    )  1  dis-yuz';  2  dis-yus/,  vt.    1.  To  cease  to  use  or 

dis-uze',p  )  practise;  discontinue.  2||.  To  disaccustom: 
with  from  or  to. 

dis-use',  1  dis-yiis';  2  dis-yus',  re.  The  act  of  disusing,  or 
the  state  of  being  disused."   dis-u'sagej. 

dls-val'uet,  vt.  To  undervalue;  disparage. — dls-val"u-a'- 
tion||,  n. 

ditch',  >1  dich;  2  dich,  v.     I.  t.     1.  To  dig  a  ditch  or 

dich1',  ?  ditches  in  or  around;  drain  by  ditching.  2.  To 
run  into  a  ditch.  II.  i.  To  make  a  ditch  or  ditches. — 
ditch'er,  re.  1.  One  who  digs  ditches.  2.  A  ditching-ma- 
chine. [<  AS.  die,  dike.] 

ditch,  re.     A  narrow  trench  in  the  ground,  as  for  drainage. 

dl'the-lsm,  1  dai'lhi-izm;  2  di'the-ism,  ft.  The  doctrine  that 
maintains  the  existence  of  two  coequal  gods  or  powers  of 
good  and  evil;  Manichcism.    [<  di-1  -f  Gr.  linos,  god] 

dith'y-ramb,  1  difh'i-ramb:  2  dith'y-ramb,  re.  A  passionate 
hymn  sung  by  revelers  in  honor  of  Bacchus.  [<  Gr.  dithy- 
rambas. ]— dith"y-ram'bic,  a. 

dlt'ta-ny,  1  dit'e-ni;  2  dit'a-ny,  re.  1.  A  small  perennial 
American  herb  of  the  mint  family.  2.  A  plant  of  the 
rue  family,  as  the  dittany  of  Crete.  [  <  (Jr.  tli.kla.mvos, 
<  THkti  (a  mountain  in  Crete).]  [charge. 

dlt'tay,  1  dlt/e;  2  dit'a,  re.  [Scot.]  Scots  Law.  An  Indictment; 

dit'to,  1  dit'o;  2  dlt'o.  I.  re.  The  same  thing  repeated; 
the  aforesaid:  often  written  do.,  or  expressed  by  two  in- 
verted commas  beneath  the  word  intended  to  be  dupli- 
cated. II.  adv.  As  before;  likewise.  [It.,  <  L.  dictum; 
see  dictum.] 

dit'ty,  1  dit'i;  2  dlt'y.  re.  [dit'ties*,  pi.]  A  short,  simple 
air;  lay.     [  <  OF.  dittie,  <  L.  dictatus;  see  DICTATE.] 

dl"u-ret'lc,  1  dai"yu-ret'ik;2  dPyu-rct'lc  I.  a.  si  Imulating 
the  secretion  of  urine.  dl"u-ret  'l-ralf.  II.  n.  A  diuretic 
medicine. — dl"u-re'sls,re.  Med.  Kxccssivcexrrct  Ion  of  urine. 
[<  Gr.  dimireb,  urinate,  <  ilia,  through,    I    Ottron,  urine.] 

dl-ur'nal,  1  dai-ur'nel;2di-ur'nal,  a.  1.1  fappening  every 
day;  daily.  2.  Done  in  or  pertaining  to  tin-  daytime: 
opposed  to  nocturnal.  3.  CI)  Med.  Increasing  in  vio- 
lence by  day.  (2)  Zool.  Active  during  the  day.  (3) 
Bot.  (a)  Expanding  by  day  and  closing  at  night,  as 
certain  flowers.  (6)  Lasting  only  one  day;  ephemera] 
[<  L.  diurnalls,  <  diurnus,  dally,  <  dies,  day.]  Syn.:  sec 
daily.— dl-ur'nal-ly,  adv. 

dl"u-tur'nal§,  1  dal'yu-tfir'nal;  2  dPyu-tur'nal.  a.  La  itlng; 
of  long  duration.  [<  L.  dlulurnus.  <  dies,  day.]  di"u- 
tur'nl-ty},  re.  \dn. 

dlv,  1  div;  2  dlv,  v.  [Scot.]   A  corruption  of  the  auxiliary  verb 

dlv.,  abbr.    Divide,  divided,  dividend,  divine,  division,  divisor'. 

dl'va-gate,  1  daTva-get;  2  dl'va-gat,  vi.    [-gat"ed;  -oat"incj.] 


To  wander  or  stray  aimlessly.  [<  di-2  +  L.  vagor,  wander. 
— dl"va-ga'tion,  re.  [lent,  a.    Same  as  bivalent. 

dl-va'lent,  1  dai-ve'lent  or  div'a-lent;  2  di-va'lent  or  dlv'a- 

di-van',  1  di-van';  2  di-van',  n.  1.  An  Oriental  govern- 
mental council;  also,  a  council-chamber.  2.  A  cafe; 
smoking-room.  3.  A  cushioned  or  pillowed  place  for 
reclining;  a  couch.    [  <  Pers.  divan,  council.] 

di-var'1-cate,  1  di-[or  dai-]var'i-ket;  2  di-[or  di-]var'i-eat. 
I.  vt.  &  vi.  [-cAT"EDd;  -cat"ing.]  To  branch  off,  or  cause  to 
branch  off,  or  diverge.  II.  a.  Branching  off ;  widely  diverg- 
ing. [<  L.  di-  (see  di- )  +  varlcus,  straddling] — dl-var"l- 
ca'tion,  n.    A  forking;  a  crossing  or  intersection  of  fibers. 

dive,  1  daiv;  2  div.  I.  vi.  [dived  or  (Colloq.)  dove; 
div'ing.]  1.  To  plunge  head  foremost,  as  into  water; 
plunge  or  rush  in.  2.  To  become  engrossed  or  im- 
mersed; lose  oneself.  II.  re.  1.  A  plunge  head  foremost 
into  or  as  into  water.  2.  [Colloq.]  A  disreputable  re- 
sort; den.  [<  AS.  dyfan;  cp.  deep.] — div'er,  re. — 
div'ing=bell",  re.  A  hollow,  water-tight  vessel,  open 
below,  and  supplied  with  air  from  the  surface,  in  which  per- 
sons may  be  lowered  into  and  work  under  water. 

di-verge',  1  di-vthj';  2  di-verg',  vi.  [di-verged';  di- 
verging.} To  extend  in  different  directions  from  the 
same  point;  deviate;  differ.  [<  L.  di-,  apart,  -f-  vergo, 
incline.]    Syn.:  see  bend;  wander. 

— di-ver'gence,  n.  dl-ver'gen-cyt. — dl-ver'gent,  a. 
Differing;  deviating,     dl-verg'lngt. 

di'vers,  1  dai'varz;  2  dl'ver.s,  a.  1.  More  than  one,  but 
not  a  great  number;  several.  2.  Of  different  kinds;  va- 
rious. [F.,  <  L.  diversus,  pp.  of  diverto;  see  divert.] 
Syn.:  see  many. 

di-verse',  1  di-vurs';  2  di-vers',  a.  Differing  essentially; 
distinct.  [<  L.  diversus;  see  divers.]  -ly,  adv. — di- 
ver 'si-fy,  vt.  [-fied;  -fy'ing.]  To  make  diverse;  variegate. 
Syn.:  see  change. — di-vcr"si-fl-ca'tion,  re.  Variation; 
variety. 

di-ver'sion,  1  di-vur'sTian;  2  di-ver'shon,  re.  The  act  of 
diverting,  or  that  which  diverts;  amusement;  recreation. 
Syn.:  see  entertainment;  sport. 

di-ver'si-ty,  1  di-vfjr'si-ti;  2  di-ver'si-ty,  re.  [-ties2,  pi.] 
1.  The  state  of  being  diverse;  dissimilitude.  2||.  Dis- 
tinctness in  being:  opposed  to  identity.  Syn.:  see  change; 
difference. 

di-vert',  1  di-vurt';  2  di-vert',  vt.  1.  To  turn  aside;  de- 
flect. 2.  To  amuse;  entertain.  [<  F.  divertir,  <  L. 
di-,  apart,  +  verto,  turn.]  Syn.:  see  abstract;  amuse;  en- 
tertain; relax. — dl-vcr'tiv(cs,  a.  Tending  to  divert; 
diverting;  amusing. 

di-ver'tlse-ment,  1  di-vOr'tiz-mant  or  -ment;  2  di-ver'tig- 
ment,  n.  1.  A  diversion;  amusement.  2.  Same  as  diver- 
tissement.   [<  F.  divertissement,  <  divertir;  see  divert.] 

di"ver"tisse"ment',  1  di"var"tis"mfih';  2  di"ver"tis"man',  n. 
A  brief  performance:  often  a  ballet,  between  the  acts  of  a 
play.    [F.] 

Di'ves,  1  dai'viz;  2  di've§,  re.  Bib.  Name  given  to  the  rich 
man  in  the  parable,  Luke  xvi,  19-31.    [L.,  rich.] 

di-vest'd,  1  di-vest';  2  di-vest',  vt.  1.  To  strip,  as  of 
clothes,  ornaments,  or  office.  2.  Hence,  to  disposses; 
deprive.  [  <  L.OF  devestio,  <  dc-,  from,  +  vestis,  cloth- 
ing.]— di-vest'1-ture,  ft.    A  divesting. 

dl-vld'antH,  a.     Divisible. 

di-vidc',  1  di-vaid';  2  di-vld',  v.  [di-vid'ed"1;  di-vid'ing.] 

1.  t.  1.  To  cut  or  separate  into  parts;  sunder.  2.  To 
cause  to  separate;  disunite;  break  up;  keep  apart.  3. 
To  distribute  in  shares;  portion  Out;  apportion.  4.  To 
form  the  partition  or  boundary  between.  II.  )'.  1.  To 
come  or  go  apart ;  cleave;  open;  diverge.  2.  To  differ  in 
opinion;  be  at  variance.  3.  To  vote  by  division.  [  <  L. 
divido,  divide  ]    Syn.:  see  allot;  apportion. 

— di-vld 'ed,  pa.  t.  Parted:  disunited,  8.  Bot.  Having 
incisions  or  Indentations  extending  to  the  base  or  the  mid- 
rib, as  in  certain  leaves.— dl-vld'er,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that 
which  divides,  separates,  or  1  pportlons.  2.  pi.  Compasses 
for  measuring  or  setting  oil  distances. 

di-vide',  n.    A  watershed. 

cliv'i-dcnd,  1  div'i-dend;  2  dlv'i-dSnd,  n.  1.  Math.  A 
quantity  divided,  or  to  !>'■  dividedj  into  equal  parts. 

2.  Com.  A  sum  of  money  to  be  distributed  according  to 
some  fixed  scheme,  as  prolit  on  shares  or  tb"  like, 

(ll-vld'11-al  ,  1  di-vid'yu-al;  2  dl-vld'yu-al,  a.  Shared  with 
others;  divided;  separate;  fragmentary.  [<  L.  dlviduus, 
divisible,  <  divido.  divide]  di-vld '11-al-lsm,  n—  dl-vld'- 
a-al-ly,  adv. 

di-vine',  1  di-voin';  2  di-vin'.  I.  vt  &  "  |oi-vinkd'; 
Di-viN'iNii.]  1.  To  find  out  or  foretell  by  assumed  super- 
natural  aid;    practise   di  vlntit  Ion  ;     prognosticate.     2.    To 

obtain  knowledge  of  as  by  divination;  have  a  presenti- 
ment; surmise;  guess;  conjecture. 

S.vn.:  .  ee  11  01  a;  guess;  pbophkbt. 
II.  a.     I.   Pertainiiir  lo.  proivediug  from,  or  of   the  na- 
ture of  God  or  of  a  god;  offered  to  ( iod;  sacred.    2.  Al- 


..II 

dtHC*"  •'  '■ 


,V    not.  Or;   full,  rfll"- ;   bvt,  I'Orn; 
I  I  in.  ih'ii,  hi.  uoii.      246 


d|ln   im 
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1 

,n->i«i-hiri-u.        cii- 
,n-»i-  i-i.i  .    .        i 

•  nmln- 
ill-vl   ~l.ill-.ll.  !•■  nlng    lo 

,ll-»l  '.|.ili-.i-n  dl-Tl 'Hll    '     . 

,11-. i  -,.r.  rhal 

I  ■";  Dl- 

:  lie  rclation- 
'.'. 

II.         I . 

,ll-\,.r,  i    .i-l.l   ,     . 
,li-\,,r,    l-lil  .•  il i-» <«r-<  <■■  •'. 

ili- 
,!'-\,.r,  ',  r,  n. 

An  oblong 

,i". 

d';  di- 
'.'  .  i '.,  pro- 

[■  irt        |  <     I 
ibllc.]    Synj 

of  rend- 
dllatlng. 
dl-vul'- 

i 

Dlxli  '-  I  ind 

.  I',  n    A  town 
ill  i. 
deck  out;  !><•- 

I  sn  .] 

I .  ■ . ]    To 

1 1. 

with  :i  ten- 

..  fool- 

djln'n   - 

•ii  .  ii 

i>    I. in.: 
dm., 
•  iiii  Cubic 


B.]    l.i     i.  To  bring 

'■    work ; 

■  '■■ 

,    ■  ■  .    ■ 

U.  .      I 

I 

.» 

Ii.     I 

. 

windlc; 

Ha 

an  rt  oi 

...     ,:  '      1 1  ,\ ,   ..i  woi  i,  \  igorou  ilj  .  make 

.'.  I  o  oomporl .  demean,  oi  conduct 

in  health  oi  in  an  undei  tal  ing 

i  .i    ,..  i   1 1 ■  .in.- .  iii.in  ,:•■  .    Inn      a.  To  an- 

;  ufnee      III.  aw iliai y 

■  .1  . 1 1  in  mi,  i  rogal  ivo  oi 

'  M  .ML,    I  I  111,  III 

i    mi  i ■  is  .i    .in  inflection 

,,i  in,  ipal  \  oi  b      l\  .  tubttituU     Dot    usedellipti 

ubitituU  for  a  verb  indicating  act  ion,  i"  :,  \  •  i- 1 

|       \s   ,/,,,.       In  pai  <  •      A8  dugan,    uil  | 

ichlovo,  actualise,  bring  about,  brim;  to 

hi  .  oarrj  through,  oommll    complete,  conaum 

discharge,  effect,  execute,  finish,  fu llll,  perform,  per po- 

.    transact,  work  out     Do  to  the  one  comprehen 

ord  which  Includes  this  whole  da        W<  ma)  saj  ol 

Item  of  dallj  work,  "II  i   done,"  and  of  the  grand- 

i hi,-\ ,  in,  hi  .  "v\  ell  dont  '"     i  o  t  Is  to  do 

.  ivi  n  in  charge,  expected,  ,,r  required;  we  m 

■  one's  'nil  i .  the  <ini  \  ,,r  duties  of 

office,  station,  position,  etc.,  where  dischargt  Is  the  more 
formal  and  technical  word,  signifying  i<>  perform  to  the  lasi 
ami  utmost  nil  that  Is  required.  Commit,  as  applied  to  ac- 
i  only  <>r  those  that  are  bad,  whether  grave  or 
trivial;  perpetrate  Is  used  chiefly  of  aggravated  crimes,  or, 
uorously,  of  blunders.    A  man  may  commit  a 

r  a  murder;  perpetrate  an  outrage  ora  felony. 

used  generally  in  a  good  sense;  as,  to  perform  a 
i  duty,  n  Bervlce,  etc     Compare  pbbfobh,  under  m> 
complish.    VVe /Inton  a  garment  ora  letter,  complett  an  edi- 
fice or  :i   life-work,   eonsummatt    B    t«.i ru-:i In  ur  :i   Clime    (ft 

dut      effect  a  purpose,  exeeutt  a  command,  fuifll  a 
promise,  perform  our  dally  tasks,  realizi    an  Ideal,    aecom- 
.i.   i  :i.  ....   :,  victor]      Compare  accomplish; 
miki;    in'.'.-m  im\      Ant.:  baffle,  come  short,  defeat,  de- 
tail, frustrate,  mar.  miscarry,  mis-*,  neglect,  ruin.  bdoII 
to  do  fur.    i.  Tosufflce     2.  To  provide  for;  care  for 
:i.  [Slang.]  To  kin.    do'a-lilic,  a     do'er,  n     <  »nc  who 
performs;  an  agent.    S.vn.:  see  *obnt. 
do  .        I.  [t  lolloq  I  a  trlcl  .  cheat;  as,  ii  Is  a  regular  do.    2t. 

Bustle;  ado;  stir. 
(In  .  1  d5;  2  do,  n.   Mus.  The  first  of  the  syllables  com- 
monly used  in  solmisation;  the  keynote  1 1 1  of  any  key, 

2)  of  the  so-called  natural  key. 

,i<>..     ibt     Ditto  i  ii         Rooert.]    dob'byt. 

dob'ble,  1  doii'i:  2  (ii'it)'i.  n.  [Prov.  Eng.]  a  sprite  or  wraith. 

dob 'bin,  1  deb'm;  2  dob  in,  n.     A  work-horse:  a  familiar  use 

of  the  proper  name  Dobbin.    [<   Dobbin,  tot  Robin.] 
Dobrudja,  l  do-bm'Ja;  2  do~bru' Ja,  n.    A  region  of  southeast 
Roumanla;  pop  (1913)500,000;  Roumanians  and  Elusslans 
nil  Uistrlans,  Bulgarians,  Germans,  and  Turks  Bept 
,  1916,  i  mi  were  completely  overwhelmed  by  them  Jan. 
2.  1917. 
DOC.,  iihhr.     [Do,  s,.  pL\     Document. 

doe'l-blef,  l  desVbl;  2  dSc'l-bL  «.  I.  Teachable;  docile.  2. 
<  apable  «'■  being  taught. 

doc'ilie",  1  dos'il  or  dS'soil;  2  dSc'il  or  do'  gll,  a.  1.  Ann- 
ual.;,, to  training;  easy  to  manage;  tractable,  'I-  Easily 
worked  or  handled;  tractable.  |<  L.  doolie,  <  doceo, 
teach.]  Syn.:  amenable,  compliant,  gentle,  manageable,  obe- 
pUable,  pliant,  submissive,  tame,  teachable,  tractable, 
yielding     One  who  is  docih   is  easily  taught;  one  who  Is 

fractal  Ii  ,| ;  one  n  ho  is  pliant  is  easily  bent   In  any 

dire,'.  !  repn   ent    one  as  Inclined  or  persuaded 

reement  with  another's  will,  compare  duty.  Ant.: 
determined,  dogged,  firm,  inflexible,  intractable,  obstinate, 
opinionated,  resolute,  BeuVwttled,  stubborn,  wilful,  unyield- 
ing. doc'IKe-ly".  adt  do-cll'I-ty,  n. 
.loe'i-ma-sj,  ]  deVi-ma-si;  2  ddc'1-ma-ey,  n.  The  art  of  test- 
ing or  .■..aiiiinnm  ons.  medicines,  etc.;  assaying.  [<  Gr. 
.  lamination,  <  dechomai,  receive.]  doc'l-ma- 
(>    :  dok'i-ni  i--i    .      d(ie"l-Mias'tlc.  n     dok"l-nias'tlc ; . 

dock  .  1  dek;  :.'  dok,  et.  I.  To  make  [ess;  shorten;  cut 
ofT;  abridge;  reduce;  as,  to  dock  a  horse's  tail.  2.  Law. 
I  •   rescind. 

dock    .  ■ '       I  ,,  lay  up  in  or  as  in  dock;  bring  into  a  dock. 

duck  ,    it        Any    one 
of  various  i 
lie- buckwheat  fam- 
ily, or     ..in,    plant  I 

them 

mt£ 
dock.] 
dm  k  .        I. 

artificial     lia-    .    

-        ?  T—o.  ■ 

also,    a  ...     ..       .,""    „     ,   ,.r 

,rf       Z.  Floating  Dry  Dock    Dewey. 

An  enclosed  space  for  prisoners  in  a  criminal  court. 
[^  MI)  doeke.] — diy  dock,  a  dock  so  constructed  as  to 
allow  the  water  to  be  removed  after  a  vessel  enters,  and 
excluded  until  repairs,  etc..  are  completed. — dock'age.  n. 


<**£■- 


1: a  =  final:    I  =  hablt^    aisle;    ail  =  out;    oil:    Iu  =  fewd;    dhin;    go;    »J  =  sino;    thin,   this.        division 
247     2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,      dogmatic 


1.  A  charge  for  docking.  3.  Provfsion  for  docking  a  vessel. 
3.  The  act  of  docking. 

dock3,  n.  1.  The  stump  of  a  tail.  2.  A  leather  case  to  cov- 
er a  horse's  tail  when  doubled.    [  <  Ice.  dockr.] 

dock'et,  1  dek'et;  2  dok'et.  Id.  vt.  To  place  on  a  docket; 
record;  indorse;  label.    II.  n.    1.  A  summary;  abstract. 

2.  A  calendar  of  the  cases  to  be  called  at  any  time  of 
court;  hence,  any  calendar  of  business.  3.  A  tag  or 
label.     [  <  dock1,  v.] 

dock 'yard",  1  dek'yord";  2  dok'yard",  n.  [Eng.]  A  ship- 
yard provided  with  docks  for  the  building  and  repair- 
ing of  ships  of  war;  generally  combined  with  an  arsenal. 

doe'tor,  1  dok'tar;  2  doc'tor,  a.  [Colloq.)  I.  (.  1.  To  prescribe 
for  or  treat  medicinally.  2.  To  repair.  3.  To  alter,  with  a 
view  to  deceive;  adulterate.  II.  i.  1.  To  take  medicine  or 
medical  treatment.    2-  To  practise  medicine. 

doc'tor,  n.  1.  A  practitioner  of  medicine  or  surgery.  2. 
A  person  who  has  received  a  diploma  of  the  highest  de- 
gree in  a  faculty,  as  of  divinity,  law,  etc.  [  <  L.  doctor, 
teacher,  <  doceo,  teach] — doe'tor-ate,  re.  The  degree  or 
r.itle  of  a  docto.-.    doc'tor-shipi. 

doc'trin(es,  1  dek'trin;  2  doc'trin,  n.  1.  That  which  is 
taught  or  set  forth  for  acceptance  or  belief;  that  which 
is  held  to  be  true  by  any  person,  sect,  or  school,  espe- 
cially in  religion;  a  tenet,  or  body  of  tenets.  2||.  In- 
struction; teaching.  [F.,  <  L.  doctrina,  <  doctor;  see 
doctor,  re.] 

Syn.:  article  of  belief,  article  of  faith,  belief,  dogma,  pre- 
cept, principle,  teaching,  tenet.  Doctrine  primarily  sig- 
nifies that  which  is  taught;  principle,  the  fundamental  basis 
on  which  the  leaching  rests.  A  doctrine  is  reasoned  out,  and 
may  be  defended  by  reasoning;  a  dogma  rests  on  authority, 
as  of  direct  revelation,  the  decision  of  the  church,  etc.  A 
doctrine  or  dogma  is  a  statement  of  some  one  item  of  belief;  a 
creed  is  a  summary  of  doctrines  or  dogmas.  Dogma  has  com- 
monly, at  the  present  day,  an  offensive  signification,  as  of  a 
belief  arrogantly  asserted.  Tenet  is  simply  that  which  is 
held,  and  is  applied  to  a  single  item  of  belief;  it  is  a  neutral 
word,  neither  approving  nor  condemning;  we  speak  of  the 
doctrines  of  our  own  church;  of  the  tenets  of  others.  A  pre- 
cept relates  not  to  belief,  but  to  conduct.     Compare  faith; 

LAW. 

— doc"tri-naire'.  I.  a.  Theoretical;  visionary.  II.  re. 
One  whose  views  are  derived  from  theories  rather  than  from 
facts;  a  scholastic  or  impracticable  theorist. — doc'tri-nal, 
a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  characterized  by  doctrine.  2.  Having 
to  do  with  teaching;  instructive.  Syn.:  see  dogmatic. — 
doc"tri-na'ri-an,  re.    A  doctrinaire. 

doc'u-ment,  1  dok'yu-ment  or  -ment;  2  doc'yu-ment.  Id. 
tt.  1.  To  furnish  with  documents.  2.  To  prove  by  doc- 
umentary evidence.  II.  n.  A  piece  of  written  or  printed 
matter  conveying  information  or  evidence.  [F.,  <  L. 
documentum,  lesson,  <  doceo,  teach.]  Syn.:  see  record. — 
doc"u-men'ta-ry,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  based  upon 
documents.     doc"u-meii'tal  t-  [ter.    [Op.  dodge.  1 

dod'der,  1  ded'ar;  2  dod'er,  vi.  [Dial.,  Eng]  To  tremble;  tot- 

dod'der,  n.  Any  one  of  the  leafless  twining  herbs  of  the  genus 
Cuscuta,  parasitic  on  various  plants,  to  which  they  adhere  by 
suckers.    [  <  AS.  dodder.]  [tered,  as  with  age. 

dod  'dcred1,  1  ded'erd;  2  dod'erd,  a.    Infirm,  shaken,  or  shat- 

dod  'dered'-,  a.    Overgrown,  as  shrubs,  with  dodder. 

do'dec-a-,  1  do'dek-o-;  2  do'dfec-a-.  From  Greek  dodeka, 
twelve:  a  combining  form. — dO-dec'a-gon,  n.  A  figure, 
especially  a  plane  figure,  with  twelve  sides  and  twelve 
angles.  [+  Or.  gonia,  angle.] — do"de-cag'o-nal,  «.  — do"- 
dec-a-he'dron,  n.  A  solid  bounded  by  twelve  plane  faces. 
[+  Gr.  hedra,  side]  do"dec-a-he'dral,  a.  do'dec-a- 
style,  a.  Having  twelve  columns.  [4-  Gr.  stylus,  column  I 
-  do"dcc-a-syria-bl(ep,  n.  A  word  of  twelve  syllables. 
do"de«,-a-syl-lab'ic,  a. 

dodge,  1  doj;  2  dodg,  v.  [dodged;  dodg'inc;.]  I.  t.  1. 
To  avoid  by  a  sudden  turn;  evade  adroitly.  2.  To  fol- 
low in  an  evasive  or  skulking  way.  II.  i.  1.  To  move 
quickly  to  one  side.  2.  To  practise  shifts  or  evasions; 
skulk.  [Cp.  Ice.  dadra,  shake.]  Syn.:  sec  artifice. 
dodg'er,  n.    I.  One  who  dodges;  a  tricky  fellow.    2.  [TJ.  s.| 

A  small  handbill.      3.   [U.S.]   A  cooked  cake  of  Indian  meal. 
dodge,  n.    An  act  of  (lodging;  evasion  ;  I  rick. 

DodK'son,  i  dej'sen;  2  dodg'son,  Charles  Lutwtdge  (1832- 
1898),  An  English  mathematician  and  author ol  Imaginative 

stories  for  children;  Alicein  Wonderland; pseudonym,  "Lewis 
( larroll." 
do'do,  1  dd'do;  2  do'do,  n.    [-does  or  -SOS,  pi.]    A  largi   I 
tin  ft.  pigeon  of  Mauritius,  with  rudimentary  wings.    I  •    i'g. 

doiido,  foolish  I 

Do-do 'na,  1  do-dO'ns;  2  do-do'na,  n.    An  ancient  town  in 

Kpirus,  <  ireece;  seat  of  a  temple  of  Zeus  and  of  I  he  oldest  of 
Creek  oracles.      l)o"ilo-iia''aii,  a.    Do-do'iil-anf. 

doe,  1  <1<>;  2  do,  » .  The  female  oi  I  he  deer,  antelope,  hare, 
rabbit,  or  kangaroo.    [  <  AS.  da.] 

does,  1  duz;  2  dog,  3d  per.  sing.  tnd.  prcs.  of  do,  o. 


doe'skill",  1  do'skin";  2  do'skin",  n.  1.  The  skin  of  a  doe, 
especially  when  dressed.    2.  A  fine  woolen  cloth. 

dof(fp,  1  del';  2  dof,  v.  \.t.  To  take  off,  as  a  hat  or  cloak; 
strip  off.  as  fiber.  II.  i.  To  take  off  the  hat  in  saluta- 
tion.    [Contr.  of  DO  off.] 

dog,  1  dog;  2  dog.  1.  vt.  [dogged,  dogd8;  dog'ging.]  1. 
To  follow  persistently;  hound;  hunt.  2.  To  fasten  with 
or  as  with  a  dog  or  catch.  II.  n.  1.  A  domesticated 
carnivorous  mammal  (Canis  famiharis),  re- 
markable for  its  intelligence  and  its  attach- 1 
ment  to  man.  2.  One  of  various  other 
species  of  Canidse,  as  the  dingo,  etc. 
[Western  U.  S.]  The  prai- 
rie-dog. 4.  [Brit]  A  dog- 
fish. 5.  The  male  of  the 
dog  and  various 
other  animals:  used' 
also  attributively;  as,  a 
dog  fox.  6.  An  imple- 
ment or  part  of  machin- 
ery; a  catch,  detent,  orj 
pawl;  an  andiron;  the! 
hammer  of  a  firearm.  7. 
A  stron.  (1)  One  of  two 
southern  constellations, 
called  Canis  Major  and  Canis  Minor.  (2)  The  dog» 
star.  8.  A  fellow:  familiar  or  contemptuous.  [< 
AS.  docga.] — dog'^ape",  n.  A  baboon  or  similar  ape. 
— dog'bane",  n.  A  smooth,  reddish=stemmed  herb, 
about  3  feet  high,  having  an  acrid,  milky  juice:  a  medic- 
inal plant.  doK's'=bane"f.— dog'ber"ry,  n.  1.  The 
European  dogwood,  or  its  fruit.  2.  One  of  other  plants,  as 
the  mountain=ash.—  dog'bri"er,  n.  The  dogrose.  — dog'  = 
cart",  re.  A  two-wheeled  one-horse  vehicle,  with  two  seats 
set  back  to  back,  witli  an  enclosed  space  for  dogs  beneath 
the  seats. — dogsdays,  n.  pi.  The  hot,  sultry  season  in  July 
and  August,  when  the  dog-star  (Sirius)  rises  with  the  sun. 
— dog=ear,  vt.  To  make  dog's-ears  upon,  as  the  leaves  in  a 
book.  dog's'=ear"t.—  dog'fish",  n.  One  of  various  small 
littoral  sharks;  also,  one  of  various  other  fishes.-  dog  = 
Latin,  re.  Barbarous  or  mongrel  Latin.  —  dog  leader,  re.  A 
forester's  assistant. — dog'rose",  re.  The  wild  brier,  common 
in  European  hedges  and  thickets,  bearing  the  fruit  known  as 
the  hip. — dog's'=ear".  I.  vt.  SameasDOG«EAR.  II.  n.  The 
corner  of  a  leaf  in  a  book,  turned  down  like  a  dog's  ear. 
dog=eart.— dogsstar,  re.  The  star  Sirius  (alpha  of  the  con- 
stellation Canis  Major),  the  most  brilliant  star  in  the  heav- 
ens.— dog'tooth",  re.  1.  A  tusk»shell.  2.  Mech.  A  steel 
marble*working  punch. — dogtooth,  re.  1.  The  tooth  of  a 
dog.  2.  A  human  canine  tooth.  See  also  dogtooth. — dog< 
trot,  re.  A  regular  and  easy  trot.  —  dog  ualcli,  re.  Naut. 
One  of  two  watches  aboard  ship,  each  of  two  hours,  between 
4  and  8  P.  M.  —  dogsweary,  a.  Tired  out;  completely  ex- 
hausted.— dog'wood",  re.  1.  A  flowering  tree  of  the  United 
States  and  Canada;  also,  its  hard,  compact  wood.  2.  ( >nc  of 
various  cornel=like  shrubs,  as  the  white  dogwood  of  England. 

dog"=cheap',  1  dog"-eTiip';  2  d6g"«chep',  a.  Absurdly  or  ex- 
ceedingly cheap.  [<  dog  ( <  Sw.  dial,  dog,  very,  <  duga,  = 
AS.  dugan:  see  do,  v.)  +  cheap.] 

dog'ged,  1  dog'ed;  2  dog'cd,  a.     1.  Silently  or  sullenly 

,  persistent;  stubborn;  obdurate.  21.  Spiteful;  surly. 
Syn.:  see  morose;  obstinate.- dog'ged-ly,  adv.-  dog'- 
ged-ness,  n. 

dog'ger,  1  deg'ar;  2  dog'er,  n.    A  two-masted  fishing-smack, 
broad  of  beam  and  having  a  fish-well  in  the  center,  used  in 
the  German  ocean,  particularly  on  the  Dogger  banks.    ]0.| 
dOg'ger-man,  n.     A  sailor  on  a  dogger. 

Dog'ger  Bank.  A  shoal  In  the  North  Sea:  Hit)  In  70  m.; 
scene  of  German  naval  defeat  by  British,  Jan.  24,  1915. 

dog'ger-el,  1  deg'er-el;  2  dfig'er-61,  n.  Trivial,  empty, 
ill-made  verse:  used  also  adjectivally,  dog'grelj. — 
dog'ger-el-Ist, », 

dog'ger-y,  l  dog'er-i;  2  dog'er-y,  ».    [-iksz,  pi.]    i.  a  cheat; 

humbug.     2.    [Slang,  TJ.  S.]    A  Ion  grog  shop;  a  dive. 

dog'gish,  1  dog'ish;  2  dog'ish,  a.    Like  a  dog;  snappish. 

-ly,  adr.    -ness.  /;. 
dog'gy,  1  dSg'i;  2  dog'y.     I.  '/.    [Slang.]    Of  or  pertaining  to 
dogs;  dog  like.     II.  n      A  dog,  especially  a  little  or  pet  (log. 

dog 'ma,  l  dog'ms;  2  dSg'ma,  »  [doq'm  \.bz  or  doo'ma- 
ta,  /</  I  A  doctrine,  as  of  a  creed,  asserted  and  adopted 
on  authority;  a  dictum.  [I..,  <  Gr.  dogmai).  ),  opinion.] 
S.vn.:  see  doctrine. 

dog-mat 'ic,  1  deg-mat'ik;  2  dog-mat'ic,  a.    1.  Marked 
by  positive  and  authoritative  assertion,    2.  Like  oi  pel 
taining  to  dogma,  dog-mat'1-caU. 

Syn.:  arrogant,  authoritative,  dictatorial,  doctrinal,  dom- 
ineering, Imperious,  magisterial,  opinionated,  overbearing, 

positive,  self-opinionated,  systematic.  Dogmatic  is  techni- 
cally applied  in  a  good  sense  to  thai  which  is  formally  enun- 
ciated by  adequate  authority;  doctrinal  to  thai  which  is 
stated  In  the  form  of  doctrlue  to  be  taught  or  defended. 


REPRESENTATIVE  TYPES  OF  DOGS. 


..red^l'e.   '  '/*.'     22.  "English  Better.     Vn 


l:a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    uu  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    rfhin;    go;    rj  =  sin*?;    fhin,   this.  dolly 

249     2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this,     dominion 


Dogmatic  theology,  called  also  "dogmatics,"  gives  definite 
propositions,  which  it  holds  to  be  delivered  by  authority; 
systematic  theology  considers  the  same  propositions  in  then- 
logical  connection  and  order  as  parts  of  a  system;  a  doc- 
trinal statement  is  less  absolute  in  its  claims  than  a  dog- 
matic treatise,  and  may  be  less  complete  than  the  term  sys- 
tematic would  imply.  Outside  of  theology,  dogmatic  has 
generally  an  offensive  sense;  a  dogmatic  statement  is  one  for 
which  the  author  does  not  trouble  himself  to  give  a  reason, 
either  because  of  the  strength  of  his  convictions,  or  because 
of  his  contempt  for  those  whom  he  addresses;  thus  dogmatic 
is,  in  common  use.  allied  with  arrogant  and  kindred  words. 
See  absolute;  imperious. 

— dog-mat'1-cal-ly,  adv. — dog-mat'ics,  n.  The  sys- 
tematic exposition  of  religious  dogmas;  dogmatic  theology. 
— dog'ma-tism,  n.  1.  Positive  or  arrogant  assertion,  as  of 
belief,  without  proof.  2.  Philos.  An  uncritical  faith  in  the 
presumptions  of  reason  or  a  priori  principles. — dog'ma- 
tist,  7i.— dog'ma-tize  or  -tlse,  vi.  [-tized;  -tiz'ing.]  To 
express  oneself  dogmatically. — dog'ma-tiz"[or  -tis"]er,  n. 

doi'ly,  1  dei'h;  2  doi'ly,  n.  [doi'lies2,  pi.]  1.  A  small, 
mat=like  napkin,  for  use  under  dishes  on  the  table.  2f. 
A  kind  of  woolen  stuff.  [  <  Doily,  its  first  maker.]  doy  'ley +. 

do'ing,  1  du'irj;  2  do'ing,  n.     1.  pi.     Proceedings;  acts; 
course  of  conduct.     2§.  A  transaction. 
Syn.:  see  act;  transaction;  work. 

dolt,  1  deit;  2  doit,  n.  Formerly,  a  small  copper  coin  of  the 
Netherlands;  a  trifle.    [  <  D.  dvit,  coin.] 

dol.,  doll.,  abbr.    [dols.,  dolls.,  pi.]    Dollar. 

do-lab  'rl-form,  1  do-lab'ri-ferm;  2  do-lab' ri-form,  a.  Ax»  or 
hatcheteshaped,  as  leaves,  etc.    [<  L.  dolabra,  ax,  +  -form.]' 

dol'ce,  1  dol'Che:  2  dol'che.  I.  a.  Mus.  Soft;  sweet:  direc- 
tion in  singing  or  playing.  II.  n.  A  sofMoned  organ=stop. 
[It.,  <  L.  dulcis,  sweet.]— dol'ce  far  ni-en'te,  1  far  nl-en'- 
te;  2  far  ni-en'te.    Sweet  doing  nothing;  delightful  idleness. 

dol'drums,  rdel'drumz;  2  dcl'drums,  n.  pi.  Regions  of  calm 
near  the  equator;  hence,  a  dull  or  depressed  condition  of  mind. 

dole,  1  dol;  2  dol,  vt.  [doled;  dol'ing.]  To  dispense  in 
small  quantities;  give  or  deal  out:  generally  with  out. 

dole1, 7i.  1.  That  which  is  doled  out;  a  gratuity.  2.  [Poet.] 
Lot;  portion.    [  <  AS.  dal.] 

dole2,  n.  [Poet.]  Grief;  mourning.  [<  OF.  dol,  <  L. 
doleo,  feel  pain.]  doolt;  doolei.— dole'ful,  a.  Melan- 
choly; mournful,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n.  dole'somef. 

dol'er-ite,  1  del'3r-nit;2  dol'er-it,  n.  Petrol.  A  coarse,  crystal- 
line variety  of  basalt.  [  <  Gr.  doleros,  deceptive,  <  dolos, 
deceit.]    dol'er-ytet. 

dol"l-cho-ceph'a-lus,  1  deri-ko-sef'a-lus;  2  d6ri-co-sef'a- 
lus,  n.  [-Li.  l-lai;2-li.  pi.]  An  individual  having  a  long  skull. 

dol(lp,  1  dol;  2  dol,  n.  A  toy  representing  a  person.  [  < 
( »D.  dol,  whipptng-top;  or  <  Doll,  for  Dorothy.]    doi'ly  t. 

—  dolled,  a.  [Colloq]  Dressed  with  great  care  like  a 
doll;  as,  all  dolled  up  for  the  party. 

dol'lar,  1  defer;  2  clol'ar,  n.  The  monetary  unit  of  the 
United  States  and  Canada,  equal  to  100  cents,  or  about 
4g.  2d.  English  money;  also,  a  similar  coin  of  various 
other  countries,  as  Mexico.     [  <  D.  or  G.  dial,  daalder, 

<  G.  thaler.]— dollar  diplomacy.  [U.  S.  Polit.  Cant.]  1. 
The  policy  of  utilizing  the  financial  interests  or  power  of  a 
country  as  a  means  of  strengthening  its  foreign  relations.  2. 
A  policy  of  subordinating  all  other  considerations  to  the  for- 
eign trade  and  financial  interests  of  a  country. — dol'lar: 
fish",  n.  A  fish  of  oval  compressed  form  common  on  the 
Atlantic  coast  of  the  United  States. 

Dol'ling-er,  1  dOl'in-ar;  2  dul'ing-er,  Johann  i.  I.  (1799- 
1890).  A  German  Roman  Catholic  theologian;  excommuni- 
cated. 

dol 'man,  1  dol'msn;  2  dol'man,  n.  1.  A  long  Turkish  outer 
garment.  2.  A  sleeveless  caped  mantle  worn  by  women.  3. 
The  cape=llke  uniform  jacket  of  a  hussar.  [  <  P.  doliman,  < 
Turk,  dolama,  long  robe.] 

dol 'men,  1  dol'men;  2  dOl'mSn,  n.  A  megalithlc  sepulchral 
monument  of  large 
unhewn  stones  set 
on  end  and  covered 
with  a  single  huge 
stone  or  several 
stones,  so  as  to 
form  a  small  cham- 
ber. [Br.,  <  dol, 
table,  +  men,  stone.] 

dol'o-mlte,  1  del'o- 
malt;  2  dol'o-mlt.  n. 
Mineral.  A  brittle 
calcium  magnesium 
carbonate.  [  <  Dol- 
omleu,  French  geol- 
ogist.] —  d  o  I  "  o  - 
mlt'lc,  a.  —  dol'o-mlzc,  vt.   To  convert  into  dolomite. 

do'lor,  1  do'lor;  2  do'lor,  n.   [Poet.]   Sorrow;  anguish,    [OF., 

<  I,,  dolor,  pain.]  do'lourj.— dol"o-rif'er-ons,  a.  Caus- 
ing grief  or  pain.  [+  L.  fero,  bear.]  dol"o-rlf'lct;  dol"- 
o-rlf'l-call.  [+  L.  facio,  make.]— dol'o-rous,  a.  Sad; 
pathetic,   -ly,  adv. 


Dolmen  at  Bagneux,  near  Saumur, 
France. 


do"lo-ro'so,  1  do'lo-ro'so;  2  do'lo-ro'so,  a.  &  adv.  Mus.  Pa- 
thetically and  softly:  a  musical  direction.    [It.] 

do-lose',  1  do-los';  2  do-los',  a.  Law.  Characterized  by  crim- 
inal intent,  as  speech.    [  <  L.  dolosus,  <  dolus,  fraud.] 

dol'pbin,  I  1  del'fin;  2  dol'fin,  n.    1.  A  fish=like  mammal 

dol'finp,  )  °f  the  Mediterranean  and  temperate  Atlantic. 
2.  A  large  fish  of  open  seas,  noted  for  the  changes  in  its 
color  when  dyiDg.  3.  A  mooring=post,  or  an  anchored 
buoy.  4.  [D-]  Astron.  The  constellation  Delphinus. 
[<  OF.  dalphin,  <  L.  delphinus ,  <  Gr.  delphis,  dolphin.] 

dolt,  1  dolt;  2  dolt,  n.  A  stupid  person;  blockhead;  dunce. 
[  <  AS.  dol,  dull.]— dolt'lsh,  a. 

Dom.,  abbr.  Dominion. — dom.,  abbr.  Domestic. — D.  O. 
M.,  abbr.  [L.]  Deo  Optimo  Maximo  (to  God,  the  best,  the 
greatest). 

dom'aget,  n.    Damage;  loss,    dam'maget;  dom'maget. 

do-main',  1  do-men';  2  do-man',  n.  1.  A  territory  over 
which  dominion  is  exercised;  commonwealth;  province. 
2.  A  department,  as  of  knowledge;  range.  3.  A  manor. 
4.  Absolute  proprietorship  in  land.  5.  Dominion;  em- 
pire; rule.  [<  L.F  dominium,  <  dominus,  lord.] — 
eminent  domain,  the  inherent  sovereign  power  of  the  state 
of  controlling  private  property  for  public  purposes  by  mak- 
ing compensation. — do-ma  'nl-al,  a. 

dome1,  1  dom;  2  dom.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  furnish  or  cover 
with  a  dome;  rise  or  swell  upward  like  a  dome.     II.  n. 

1.  The  vaulted  roof  of  a  rotunda;  a  cupola.  2.  [Poet.j 
A  majestic  building;  house.    [OF.,  <  Gr.^domos,  house.] 

dome2t,  n.    Doom;  judgment;  opinion. 

Do-me"ni-ehi'no,  1  do-me"ni-ki'no;  2  do-me*nI-ci'no,  n.  Do- 
menico  Zampieri  (1581-1641),  an  Italian  painter. 

Domes'day,  >1  dumz'de;  2  doms/da.     Eng.  Hist.    A 

Domes'day  Book,  S  book  containing  the  record  of  the  statis- 
tical survey  of  England,  made  in  1085-1086  by  William  the 
Conqueror.  [<  AS.  domes  dseg,  day  of  doom  or  decree.] 
Dooms'dayt;  Dooms'day  Booki. 

do-mes'tic,  1  do-mes'tik;  2  do-meVtie.  I.  a.  1.  Belong- 
ing to,  fond  of,  or  adapted  to  the  house  or  household. 

2.  Domesticated;  tame.  3.  Of  or  pertaining  to  one's 
own  country;  home=made.  II.  n.  A  family  servant. 
[<  L.F  domesttcus,  <  domus,  house.] — do-mes'ti-cal-ly, 
adv. — do-mes'tl-cate,  vt.  [-cAT"EDd;  -cat"ing.]  To  train 
or  reclaim  for  domestic  use;  make  domestic;  tame,  do- 
mes'ti-cize  J. — do-mes"tl-ca'tion,  n.~ do"mes-tic'i-ty, 
n.  [-TiEsz,  pi.]  1.  The  state  of  being  domestic.  2.  A  domes- 
tic affair. 

do'mi-cal,  1  do'mi-kel;  2  do'mi-cal,  a.  Of  or  like  a  dome,  or 
characterized  by  a  dome  or  domes.  [  <  LL.  domicialis,  <  L. 
domus;  see  dome,  n.]— do'ml-cal-ly,  adv. 

dom'i-cil,    )1  dom'i-sil;  2  dom'i-cll.     I.  vt.     [-ciled, 

dom'i-cile, )  -cild8;  -cil-ing.J  To  provide  with  or  settle 
in  a  home  or  abode.  dom"l-cil'l-atet.  II.  n.  A  set- 
tled place  of  abode;  home,  house,  or  dwelling.  [<  L. 
domicilium,  <  domus,  house.]  Syn.:  see  home;  house. — 
dom"I-cil'I-a-ry,  a.     Pertaining  to  a  private  residence. 

dom'i-nate,  1  dem'i-net;  2  dom'i-nat,  v.  [-nat'ed11; 
-nat"ing.]  1. 1.  To  exercise  control  over;  govern;  rule. 
II.  i.  To  prevail;  predominate.  [<  L.  domiuatus,  pp. 
of  dominor,  rule.]    Syn.:  see  command. 

— dom'I-nance,  n.  Control;  ascendency,  dom'i-nan- 
cyt. — dom'l-nant.  I.  a.  Ruling;  governing;  predomi- 
nant. II.  re.  Mus.  The  fifth  tone  of  a  diatonic  scale. 
Syn.:  see  predominant.— dom"i-na'tIon,  n.  1.  Control; 
dominion.  2.  pi.  An  order  In  the  hierarchy  of  angels. — 
dom'i-na-tiv(eB,  a.—  dom'l-na"tor,  n.  [L.] 

do'ml-ne,  1  do'mi-ni;  2  do'mi-ne,  n.    A  clergyman;  parson. 

dom"i-neer',  1  dem"i-nir';  2  d5m"i-ner',  v.  I.  t.  To 
dominate.  II.  i.  To  rule  arrogantly  or  insolently.  (< 
L.F  dominor;  see  dominate.] — dom"l-neer'ing,  pa.  Over- 
bearing. Syn.:  see  absolute;  arbitrary;  dogmatic;  im- 
perious.— dom"l-necr'lng-ly,  adv. 

Dom'i-nlc,  1  dom'i-nlk;  2  doni'l-nlc,  Saint  (1170-1221).  A 
Spanish  friar;  founded  the  Dominicans. 

Dom"i-nl'ca,  1  donVi-nl'ka;  2  d6m"l-n'i'ca,  n.  An  Island  of 
the  British  West  Indies;  291  sq.  m.;  pop.  34,000. 

do-min'i-cal,  1  do-min'i-kel;  2  do-mfn'i-cal,  a.  Relating 
to  Christ  or  to  the  Lord's  day.  [<  LL,  dominicatia,  per- 
taining to  Sunday,  <  dominus,  lord.] — dominical  letter, 
one  of  the  first  seven  letters  of  the  alphabet,  used  to  mark 
the  relation  of  Sunday  to  the  year  and  to  aid  in  determining 


the  dab 


if  i . 


Do-nilu'l-can1,  1  do-mln'i-kan;  2  do-mln'1-can,  n.  One  of  an 
order  of  friar  preachers,  founded  by  Dominic  de  Guzman  at 
Toulouse  in  1215:  In  England  called  Mack  Friars,  In  France 
Jacobins.  —  Oo-mln'l-can1,  a. 

l)o-mln'l-can  Re-pul>'llc.  The  eastern  part  of  Haiti 
(19,826  sq.  m.;  pop.  708,000).  San'to  l)o-mlii'gol.  — 
Do-mln'f-can'i «.  &  n. 

dom'i-nie,  1  dem'i-ni;  2  dom'i-ni,  n.    1.  A  schoolmaster. 
2.  A  domino;  a  clergyman.    [  <  L.  domine,  voc.  of  dom- 
inus, lord.] 
j  do-min'lon,l  do-min'you;  2  do-mlu'you,  n.   1.  Sovereign 


.|..|lllll 


I  ,  .  ..     not.  or;   full,  rule:    Lot.  I.Orn; 

I     ,     ;  |.«;  I- .-.    ,.     ..    ...  w6a,      250 

II  hi      i.  ir  B.l  a  beetle,  the 

ii..r    i. iik":.  \  t,  bumblebee  I    dor'. 

i.. ,    1 1.    ;  don 

dor  ptlon;  humbug, 

Doric 

I ■    •! 

I  ,.  '71111  ol 
|l,.    ,.  '•  nil   €  ill- 

i  ,, .  vi  rench  painter 


». 

dof 


I  KM-    >  I  ..  Ill 

: 

.\  tii.-ti  la 
.1.. n    i- 
u 

Italian 
a  dl  It.  I  i..  ,ll  Bar 'da   . 

i 

'. 

ift.    [< 

i.  , 

.Liu  j. .ii  h 

in  hwiin. 

.ui.l  ..f 

■iix  | 
prl'ma 

•i 

It. hi   Qul-Jo't< 

Ion:  used 

II. 

II.  I. 

'. 

r ,.  k  ..l  doom, 
I 
! 

.  or  tlic 

iln.ir'Ui  i  |i ".  '. 
doot    pi  ii> ■".  \  ii.iiiH- 

i.ir'ni) " 

I  I 


.  .Juiig'bet-tle. 


i>..r  ,.  .  i  der'ik;  2  di  I.        I. 

ol    Doris,  in  ancient 
-  •  inhabitant  •    Do'rl- 
.iii   .     ■.'.  i         ii  m  i.  .1   in  aeoord- 
i  ith  the  type  .'i  1  >>'n.'  arcbi- 
rked  bj     tn  ogth  and 
apparent  simplicity.    II.  I  bi 

Doric   dialect        ho'rl-aii,    n.       A 
member  ol  the  i  >orlan  race 
.tor  in  ii.    l    der'lea;    L'   dorTaH,  n. 
t.     \  bundle;  ItnantHU  k     '!■ 
in    sword.      :tt.    A    quiver. 
n,  (1st,  +  luelut,  load 
dorlocb  : :  dourtacb  :. 
dor'mant,  ldeVment;  gdor'mant, 
of,  I 
bling,  sleep;  torpid;  inactive;  un- 

:      .  I         dl    ■  ■- 

dor'man-cy,  n. 
Torpidity;  lethargy 


Doric. 


dor'mer,  1  deVmer;  2  deVmer,  n.  "»"* 


Dormouse 


1.  V  vertical  window  rising  iron 

sloping  roof,     dor'mer  •win"- 1  „,o„r„i».; 

do»;.    •».  A  sleeping«room.    3.   \ 

sleeper  or  beam.    [<L.0,dom  i  dobmttort.] 

dor'ml-to-ry,  1  der'nu-to-n;  2  ddr'mi-to-ry,  ".    [-ribs*, 

pi  j    A  students'  lodging-house  at  a  Bchool  or  college; 
i  large  room  in  which  many  persons  sleep.    [  <  L. 

durmUurium,  <  dormio,  sleep.] 
dor 'mouse",  1  deVmaus";  2  ddr'motuj',  n.    [dob'mk  *.", 

i,l\      1.  A  Bmal)  Old  World 

squirrel-like  rodent.      2.   [I". 

B  )  The  common  white-footed 

mouse.    [<  [ce.  dorma  (<   L.  ■ 

Hi  ,i  SB.] 

ilurp,   l   derp;  ::  dorp,  n.    A  vil- 
li) I 
.ii.r'-.i.i,  i  der/sad;  2  dOr's&d,  ado. 
Anal.  \  Z<'<4.  Toward  the  back, 
[<     L.    dorsum,    back,    +    ad, 
toward.] 
dor'sal,  1  dor'sal;  2  dor'sal,  a. 
I.  i  If,    pertaining   to,  on,   or 
'  be  back.     'J.  Pertaining 
ler  surface,  a*  ..f  a 
leaf.    [F.,  <  L.  dorsum,  back.] 
Dor'set,    1    defset;     'Z    ddfset, 

I  irl  ..I      i  ,  ■     8        Thomas 

rule,  an  j  in.- 1 isii  diplomat,  statesman,  and  poet. 

(lor'-uni,  1  .lur'-uin: '.' .lur'Miin.  n.    [-SA.pl.]    |I.  ]    Anal.  The 
bark:  also,  a  back-like  surface  of  an  organ. 

dor'tert,n.    Dormitory.    [<  OF.  dortor,  dobiotobt.]    dor'- 

tourt ;  ilor'luret. 
<lo'r>  ,  1  d&'n;  2  dS'ry,  r».     [do'ries7-,  pi.]     A  flat»bot- 
1    much  used 
by  fishermen. 
do'n  ,     n        '  >ne    of  various 
[  <    F.   duree,  gold- 
>-n  ) 
dos'age,  1  dos'ij;  2  dOs'ag,  n. 

■•  rim:   or  adding 
of  a  dl 

:  d5s.  I.  vt.  & 
vi.  [dosed*;  dos'inq.]  To 
giv.-  doses  to;  deal  oat  in 
it. -il- 
ly II. /i  1.  The  quantity  of  medicine  to  be  taken  at  one 
tune.    2.  Anythi  ible  prescribed  or  inflicted 

..  tiurui  added  to  wine  or  liquor  in  manufacture. 
■  ■•   do  •     -    dtdOmi,  give.] 
do-slm'e-try,  1  do-alm'i-tn;  2  do-slm'e-try,  n.    The  measure- 
in.  ni  of  do  i  .-of  measuring  doses.    [<  dose  + 

dot '-  ii.  1  des'al;  2  dos'al,  n.    A  hanging  of  silk,  etc.,  for  the 

if  an  altar.    [<    ..I    do    el,       i    dot  urn,  back.] 
dos'ser1,  l  dee'ar;  2  dos'er,  n.    A  rich  hanging  for  a  hall  or 
church.    [-    i  L.  dorsum,  back.] 

O.i'i'ir-,  b.    One  who  lodges  at  a  doss-house;  a  tramp. 


Hank. 


Dory. 


1:8  =  final;    I  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    IO  =  fewd;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  sing;    Chin,   this. 
251       2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


domino 
Dover 


Dotterel. 


doss'shouse",  1  dos'»haus";  2  <los'=hous",  n.  A  very  cheap 
lodging»house  for  vagrants. 

dos'sil,  ]  des'il;  2  dos'il,  n.  1.  A  plug  or  spigot.  2.  A  roll  of 
lint  or  cloth,  as  for  cleansing  a  wound  or  a  plate.  [<  OF. 
dosil.  <  I.L.  docillus,  spigot,  <  I>.  duco.  lead.] 

dost,  1  dust;  2  dost,  2d  per.  sing.  pre?.  Ind.  of  do,  b. 

Dos"to-yef'sky,  1  des"to-yef'ski:  2  dos'to-yc-f'sky,  Feodor 
M.  (1822-1881).    A  Russian  novelist  and  Siberian  exile. 

dot,  1  dot;  2  dot,  vt.  &  vi.  [dot'ted"1;  dot'ting.]  To 
mark  with  or  as  with  a  dot  or  dots;  make  dots. 

dot1,  re.  A  minute  mark;  a  speck,  spot,  or  point.  [< 
AS.  dott.] 

dot2,  re.  A  woman's  marrlage=portion;  dowry.  [F.] — do'tal,  o. 

do'tage,  1  do'tij;  2  dd'tag,  re.  Feebleness  of  mind,  due  to 
old  ace;  senility. — do'tard,  re.  One  who  is  in  his  dotage. 
do'tantf. 

dO«ta'tlon,  1  do-te'shan,  2  do-'a'shon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  mak- 
ing or  apportioning  a  dowry.  2.  An  endowment,  as  of  a 
public  institution.     [<  LL.  dotatio(n-),   <  L.  dolo,  endow.] 

dote,  1  dot;  2  dot,  vi.  [dot'ed*1;  dot'ing.1  1.  To  lavish 
extreme  fondness:  with  ore  or  upon.  2.  To  be  in  one's 
dotage.    [ME.  dolien.] — dot'er,  n. — dot'lng-ly,  adv. 

doth ||)  1  duth;  2  doth,  3d  per.  sing.  pres.  ind.  of  do,  v. 

ddt'ter-cl,  1  dot'ar-el;  2  dot'er-el,  re.  1.  An  Old  World  migra- 
tory plover;  also,  some  related  species;  as,  the  T'mg'dotterel. 

2.  A  person  easily  deceived;  a 
dupe.  [ME.  dotrelle,  <  dotien; 
see  dote,  v.] 

dot'tle,  1  det'l;  2  dot'l,  n.  The 
unconsumed  tobacco  left  in  a 
pipe  after  smoking,    dot'telt. 

Dou"ai',  1  du"e';  2  du"a',  n.  An 
ancient  town  (pop.  36,000), 
N.  France;  until  1793,  center 
of  Roman  Catholic  learning  in 
France;  produced  Dou.ii  Ver- 
sion of  the  Bible:  taken  by  the 
Germans,  Oct.  7,  1914.  Dou"- 
ay'J. 

doub'le,  )  1  dub'l;  2  dub'l,  v. 

dub'F,  5[doub'led;  doub'lino.]  I.  t.  1.  To  make 
twice  as  great.  2.  To  fold  together:  usually  with  up, 
over,  etc.  3.  To  repeat.  4.  To  be  twice  as  many  or 
twice  as  much  as.  5.  To  pass,  march,  or  sail  round. 
II.  i,  1.  To  become  twice  as  great  or  many.  2.  To 
turn  and  go  back  on  the  same  track. — doub'Ier,  n. 

doub'le,  a.  1.  Having  two  of  a  sort  together;  being  in 
pairs;  coupled.  2.  Twice  as  large,  much,  strong,  heavy, 
or  many.  3.  Twofold;  hence,  ambiguous  or  deceitful. 
4.  Bot.  Having  the  petals  increased  in  number:  said  of 
flowers.  [F.,  <  L.  duplus,  <  duo,  two,  +  -plus,  -ful.] 
— doub'lesbanked",  a.  Having  two  men  at  each  oar;  also, 
having  two  tiers  of  oars:  said  of  a  boat.— d.=bass,  n.  Mus. 
The  largest  of  the  stringed  instruments  played  with  a  bow. — 
d.^dealing.  I.  a.  Treacherous;  deceitful.  Syn.:  see  de- 
ception. II.  n.  Treachery;  duplicity. — d.  dealer,  re. — d.= 
eagle,  n.  [U.  S.]  A  gold  coin  worth  two  eagles  or  $20. — d.» 
ender,  n.  Anything  having  two  ends  alike,  as  a  ferryboat. 
— d.  entry,  a  mode  of  bookkeeping  in  which  every  transac- 
tion is  made  to  appear  as  both  debtor  and  creditor.-  d.=face, 
n.  Hypocrisy; double-dealing. — d.=facod,a.  1.  Etavingtwo 
faces.     2.  Having  a  pattern  on  each  side:  said  of  a  fabric. 

3.  Deceitful,  hypocritical.  —  d.=gear,  re.  Mach.  Gearing  to 
vary  the  speed  of  a  lathe*splndle;  a  back-gear,  -doub'- 
le-ness,  re.  d.squirk,  ?/.  A  military  march  at  the  rate  of 
]f,r,  to  180  steps  a  minute:  now  usually  termed 
double»tlme.— d.squtck, ».  &  a. 

doub'le,  re.     1.  Something  that  is   twice  .■ 
much.     2.  A   fold  or   plait.     3.  A  person  c 
thing  that  closely  resembles  anol  her; 
hence,    an    apparition     or     wraith. 

4.  A  backward  turn,  as  of  a 
hunted  fox;  a  trick.  —  doub'le, 
doub'ly,  adv.  In  twofold  degree; 
also,  deceitfully. 

douh'lct,  I  1  dub'let;  2  dijb'let,  n.   1. 

dub 'let1',  S  One  of  a  pair  of  like 
tilings;  loosely,  a  pair  or  couple. 
2.  A  close-fitting  outer  body-gar- 
ment (loth  to  17th  centuries).  3. 
A  counterfeit  gem.  4.  Philol.  A  du- 
plicate form  of  a  word  due  to  I  In- 
difference of  function,  origin,  etc. 

doub-loon',  /  1_  dub-lun';     2     dub--^ 

dub-loon"',  Uoon',    re.       A     former 

Spanish  gold  coin  worth  about  $8.  Dmiblet 

doubt',  /  1  daut;  2  dout,  v.    I.  (.    To 

doiit,    j hesitate  to  accept;  hold  as  uncertain;  <li  fcrusl 

II.  i.    To  be  in  doubt.    [<  \,  v  dubito,  be  uncertain  | 

Syn.:  distrust,  mistrust,  surmise,  suspect       i  o  </'iut>t  Is  to 

lack  conviction.     Incompleteness  of  evidence  may  compel 


one  to  doubt,  or  some  perverse  bias  of  mind  may  incline  him 
to.  Distrust  may  express  simply  a  lack  of  confidence;  as,  I 
distrust  my  own  judgment;  or  it  may  be  nearly  equivalent  to 
suspect;  as,  I  distrusted  that  man  from  the  start.  Mistrust 
and  suspect  imply  that  one  is  almost  assured  of  positive  evil; 
one  may  distrust  himself  or  others;  he  suspects  others.  Mis- 
trust is  now  rarely,  if  ever,  used  of  persons,  but  only  of  mo- 
tives, intentions,  etc.  Distrust  is  always  serious:  mistrust  is 
often  used  playfully.  Compare  doubt,  n.;  question;  sup- 
pose.—  Ant.:  believe,  confide  in,  depend  on,  depend  upon, 
rely  on,  rely  upon,  trust. — doubt'er,  re.    One  who  doubts. 

doubt,  re.  1.  Lack  of  certain  knowledge;  uncertainty; 
indecision.  2.  A  question  requiring  settlement;  an  ob- 
jection; perplexity;  problem. 

Syn.:  disbelief,  distrust,  hesitancy,  hesitation,  incredulity, 
indecision,  irresolution,  misgiving,  perplexity,  question, 
scruple,  skepticism,  suspense,  suspicion,  unbelief,  un- 
certainty. Doubt  is  lack  of  conviction;  disbelief  is  conviction 
to  the  contrary;  ■unbelief  refers  to  a  settled  state  of  mind, 
generally  accompanied  with  opposition  of  heart.  Perplexity 
is  active  and  painful;  doubt  may  be  quiescent.  Perplexity 
presses  toward  a  solution;  doubt  may  be  content  to  linger  un- 
resolved. Any  improbable  statement  awakens  incredulity. 
In  theological  usage,  unbelief  and  skepticism  have  a  condem 
natory  force,  as  implying  wilful  rejection  of  manifest  truth 
As  regards  practical  matters,  uncertainty  applies  to  the  un 
known  or  undecided;  doubt  implies  some  negative  evidence 
Suspense  regards  the  future,  and  is  eager  and  anxious;  un- 
certainty may  relate  to  any  period,  and  be  quite  indifferent 
Misgiving  is  ordinarily  in  regard  to  the  outcome  of  something 
already  done  or  decided;  hesitation,  indecision,  and  irresolu- 
tion have  reference  to  something  that  remains  to  be  decided 
or  done  and  are  due  oftener  to  infirmity  of  will  than  to  lack 
of  knowledge.  Distrust  and  suspicion  apply  especially  to  the 
motives,  character,  etc.,  of  others,  and  are  more  decidedly 
adverse  than  doubt.  Scruple  relates  to  matters  of  conscience 
and  duty.  See  perplexity;  question. — Ant.:  assurance, 
belief,  certainty,  confidence,  conviction,  decision,  determina- 
tion, persuasion,  resolution,  resolve. 

— don  lit  'In!,  a.  1.  Subject  to,  entertaining,  or  admitting 
of  doubt;  uncertain;  undecided;  contingent.  2.  Indistinct; 
vague;  ambiguous.  3.  Questionable;  dubious.  Syn.:  see 
equivocal;  irresolute;  obscure;  precarious. — doubt'- 
ful-ly,  adv.— doubt'ful-nes.s,  re.  doubt  'less,  adv.  With- 
out doubf;  unquestionably,     doubt'less-lyt. 

douce,  1  dus;  2  due,  a.  [Scot.]  I.  Sober;  sedate;  not  frivolous. 
2t-  Sweet.    [<  L.  dulcis,  sweet.]    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

dou'eett,  n.    1.  A  sweet  pastry.    2.  Same  as  dowcet. 

dou"ceur',  1  du"s0r'-  2  du"cur'.  re.  1.  A  small  present;  bribe; 
tip,    2t.  Sweetness  of  manners;  also,  a  compliment.    [F.] 

douche,  1  dusTt;  2  duch,  n.  A  jet  of  water  or  vapor,  or 
the  instrument  for  administering  it.     [F.] 

dough,  ]  do;  2  do,  n.  A  soft  mass  of  moistened  flour  or 
meal,  mixed  for  cooking  into  bread,  cake,  etc.;  also,  any 
soft  pasty  mass.  [<  AS.  ddh.]— dough'=boy",  n.  1. 
Naut.  A  dumpling  of  raised  dough.  2.  U.  S.  Army.  An 
infantry  soldier:  used  humorously. — dough/nut",  re.  A 
small  cake  of  dough  fried  in  lard. — dough 'j,  a.  Like  or 
containing  dough. 

dough'ty,   1   dau'ti;  2  dou'ty,   a.     Bravo;   valiant;  re- 
doubtable; also,  boastful.    [<  AS.  dylttig.]    Syn.:  see  brave. 
— dough'ti-ly,  adv.     doiigli'tl-iicss,  re. 

Doug 'las,  1  dug'les;  2  dug'las,  re.  The  name  of  several  Scot- 
tish earls  and  chiefs,  especially  Archibald  ( L369-  Mii4),cele- 
brated   in  ballads;   captured   bv  Hotspur  at  llomildon  Hill. 

Doug'Iass,  1  dug'les;  2  dug'las,  Frederick  (1817-1895).  An 
American  nemo  reformer  and  diplomat. 

dour,  1  dur.  2  din,  a.  [Scot.]  Hard;  unyielding;  sullen.  [< 
i  ■mm  he.)     duret.     dour'ly,  arir.     doiir'ncss,  re. 

dour'lach,  re.  [Scot.]  Same  as  dorlach 

Dou'ro,  1  dfl'ro;  2  du'N),  n.  A  river  in  Spain  and  Portugal: 
length,  500  m  to  the  Atlantic  ocean     Du-e'roJ. 

douse1,  1  daus;  .'J  dous,  U.  [doused';  dotjs'ing.]  To 
plunge  into  a  liquid;  duck;  drench,  [Prob.  <  Sw. 
dunsa,  plump  down.]    dowse t.     Syn.;  lee  immerse. 

douse-',  vt.  I .  To  strike;  give  a  blow  to  i.  Naut.  To  take  In 
or  haul  down.    [Akin  to OD.  doesen,  strike.] 

douse",  ".  [Sailors'  Slang.]  To  extinguish, 

doutt,   '''.    To   put    out;   extinguish.    [Contr 

douvet,  'i.     Same  as  DOVE 

douzc'pere"t,  »  One  or  the  twelve 
peers  of  France,  celebrated  in  tu<- 
( lharlemagneromances.  douce'pere"t< 

dove,  /  1  iliiv;  2  dbv,  n,     I.  A  pigeon; 

dm', ,5  specif.,   the  cushat.     '!■  Sym- 
bolically,  mi    ecclesiastical   art  and   \sO\ 
literature,  the  Holy  Spirit.     |  <  AS. 
iiuji  |    dove ' «co t",     d.'cote,    n.    a  <^j 

house  for  tame  pigeons,      d. -house  |. 

Do'ver,  i  d0^  Br;  2  dO'ver,  n     A  fori  Ifled 
seaport,  Kent.  England;    pop    13,600:        Dove.    Vn 
at  inked  by  c  tarmac  warships  and  submarines  1917-1918.— 
Strait  of  Dover,  between  England  and  France;  '8  m.  wide 


DO     OUT.' 


I    „      .  Iln  .  <V    not.flr;   full.  r  Olc ;   bVt,  l<Orn{ 

,  i      i      .   I  -  0;   I  -  o;  gO,  not,  Or,  won,       'iHZ 


hi   r 


I  \  widow 

husband 


: 

i 

1.   i      [i'"\\  'di-i  b;  Don  'di- 

I  ibbj  . 

fou<ir.| 

■  ttcd  into  1  « " 

I      I  'II lilt, 

v.l 

I.  \  ide  with  a 

i 

■  WTII-Ilt.       [  <     I 


don  f.  ■ 
I  (till;  spiritless;  mournful. 
.  of  a  leather; 

iIumIi-    . 

■x  unbleached  linen 


I  'I'm  knock  '! 

II  lown;  fall;  stuR.    Syn.: 


:  in  a  downward  dii  '■ 

[Ice.  dfinn.] 

ft  plui  V.. in  tn 

:  fortune. 

•  a  broad,  treeless,  grass* 

Turf* 

-.  the  South 

1  -the 

id  near  Dover  on  the  coast  of  Kent,  En- 


1 1. 


.  lower  level, 

.•  iratively) ;  down- 

i  prone  or  prostrate  posi- 

ibjection;  un- 

Wl    Ill 

<i.  1  rum  a 

■.■•live  or  vio- 

■•  •  r  price,  rate,  de- 

••  r  nr  other  material 


i  ;. 


• 

i|i. mi  ■ .  iiniini    .     down  'cast*.    I. 
irround:  dejected:  de- 
ii  tins  don  n- 

entllatlng  air- 
don  n  'iiiiiic",  n      \  down- 
down  fall",  i       I.   \  falling 
■    tr.i|i  opcrat- 

down'hearf- 

- 1  ■  -  n  i     . 

II.  '«/'. 

down 'right".     I  i 

utter. 
1 1  l 

:  ut- 

don  a 'right'  i . .  down'- 

I 
1 '  toward  a  lower 

dim  n  'ward.      I  ling  or 

TO  a  h  •  -  ngura- 

from  that  which  Is  more  remote      II.  aa\      1. 


.  in    In  rin  ii  lower  position.     I.  I  hum  tlml  which  Ik 

ii    as  in  place  or  time     a.  Toward  the  BXtn  ml 

don  ii  H.iril-I)  :  ;  dim  D    >»  ir,l - 

dowili  In  n  descending  direction  along,  upon,  or 

n,  literally  or  figurative!}  ;  from  :i  highei  to  a  lower 

.  or  current  of;  adon  a, 

don  hi.  !  dow'na,  v.  [Soot.]  Cannol     Seenon    t 

ilnu  ii  '> ,  1  daun'i;  2  down  i .  I  if,  pi  rtaining  to,  like, 

i  \Mih  don n       '.  iiul;  soothing      8. 

|SI  ing  1    \ittiil.  ~i .ill  and  plausible, 

don  r> .  I  do  i  n;  8  dow*ry,         [dow'ribb*,  ;■'  1    l.  The 
•  i  \  a  wife  bringi  to  I"  i  husband  in  manias       '■'• 
■    ward  paid  for  a  w ife     <■■  ■•   uxiv,  12.    S, 
\i;\  endowment  or  gift.    I  <  dowsb,  n  I 
dowse   .  I  dau  t  ■  ■■    >  '.  B. 

ilmiw  .     &  ■      Sami  >.    . 

don  'set,  s     Same  ;^  dowi    i 

iln\-ol  o-i;>  ,  1  iloks-ol'o-ji  Jy,f|       [-OISB1,  pi.] 

i  ill. mi  hymn  ol  praise.    |<  <ir.  doxa,  prai 
doi   o-log'l-ral,  ii. 
iiox'i.  i  ii"i.-'i.  2  dOks'y,  pi.    [-ies*,  pi]  [Slang.]  a  mistress 

iparamout     doi  let. 
doy"en',  l  dwa'yaft';  2  dw&'yan.',  n.     a  dean,  as  of  a  dlp- 

lomatlo  corps.     [P.] 
Doyle,  1   dell;  8  d6yl,  sir  Arflmr  Conan  (1869-        ).    A 

ell    .  Shi  rlock  Holn 
doi.,  i '..  .ii.  dozens, 

dose,  1  dfis;  2  dfis.    L«t     [dozi  dj  dos'xng  ]    To  sleep  un- 
lly  or  lightly;  drowse.     II.  ".     A  fight,  ui 
Bleep;  a  drowse,    [  <  Ice.  dfiao;  cp.  dizzy.]—  doz'cr,  n. — 

dO'Sy,  i        I  H  .......  so[inrlllr.      do'zl-lirss.  n 

dos'en,  1  dus'n;  2xt6s  n,  r».  Twelve  things  of  a  kind,  col- 
lectively: used  frequently  with  of.  [<  OF.  dozaine,  < 
:  welve.j 

O.  P.  O.,  abbr.  Distributing  Post-offlce,  D.  P.P., a&ftr.  De- 
partment or  Public  Parks.  Dpi.,  n'lbr.  Department,  de- 
■  l>.  I*.  W.,  abbr.  Department  ol  Public  Works. — 
Dr.,  abbr.    Debtor,  doctor.-    At.,  abbr.    Dram,  drawer, 

drabti '  ■'■    To  associate  with  women  of )  >:><]  character. 

drab',  1  drab;  8  drab,  n.  A  yellowisbrgray  color:  used 
!  .  .i i\ .illy.    [  <  F.  drap,  cloth.] 

1 1  rati  ,  n,    in  Bait  manufacturing,  n  box  for  draining  salt. 

drab3,  n.    a  slattern;  lewd  woman.    I  ■    ir.  iimhog.] 

drab 'Die,  /  l  drab'l;  2  drab'l,  it.    [dkab'blbd,  dhab'ldp; 

drab'l1',     f  ihhii'iu.im;.]    To  draggle. 

iirai  inn.  ]  dram;  2  dram,  n.    Same  as  dram. 

djraeh'ma,  1  drak'ma;  2  dr&e'ma,  n.  1.  A  Greek  coin, 
ntly  of  the  value  of  9  to  17  cents,  now  equal  to  iln- 
franc  (19J  cents).  See  coin.  'I.  An  ancient  Greek  unit 
of  weight,  now  a  cram.    [<  Gr.  drachml,  handful.] 

lira 'in.  )  drfi'ko;  2  dra'eo,  n.  Anarchonat  Athens  about  621 
B.  < '.:  reputed  author  of  iirsi  Athenian  written  codeol  laws, 
which  were  very  severe.— Dra-co'nl-an,  a.  Pertaining  to 
1 11:1.0  or  his  laws;  hence,  Indexible;  severe.  Dra-con'lcJ. — 
Dra-con'l-cal-ly,  adv. 

dralf,  1  <lrnf;2  (iriif.  n.  Refuse  grain  from  breweries  and  dLstli- 
lerles;  also,  lees  or  dregs.  [Akin  to  one.  IreMr,  grains  of 
malt.]     draff'lsh,  a.    Worthless,    dralf)  t;  draft  'yt. 

draft,        t  1  draft;  2  draft.    V1.  rt.    1.  To  outline  in  writ- 

dratitrlit,  5  ing;  sketch;  delineate.  'J.  To  select  and  draw 
for  military  service;  conscript.    3.  In  weaving,  to 

pulltl  Beddles.     II.  n.     1.  A  current,  of  air.     'J. 

drinking;  n  drink.    3.  Naut.  The  depth  to 
which  the  water.    4.  The  act  of  drawing, 

or  t  i  ag  drawn;  also,  that  which  is  drawn  or 

to  !"•  drawn,  or  its  wight   or  resistance;  a  haul;  pull; 

drag;  a  load.     5.  The  result  of  a  drawing,  as  of  a  net  in 

:'      (i.   A   plan;  out  lino;    sketch.      7.  A  writing  of 

articles  or  propositions  as  framed  or  drawn  up,  but  not 

adopted  or  enacted      8.   Com.    A  money «oraer;  bill  of 

!i.    \  military  or  naval  conscription;  levy. 

10.  An  exhausting  demand.     111.  A  sink  or  privy.     [< 

AS.  dragan.  dbaw.]     S.vn.      >.      ki  rent;  wind.  —  draft's 

an"i-niai.  <].  horse,  n.    An  animal  or  horse  suitable  for 

pulling  heavy  loads      draft 'y,  draught 'y,  a.     Having  or 

draft  'i-ness.  draught  'l-ness,  n. 

drafts 'man,       >  1  dmfta'man;  2  drafts'man,  n.   [-men, 

draughts  'man*  J  pi.]     1.  One  who  draws  or  prepares 

deeds,  conveyances,  etc.    2.  A  piece  in 

lie-  game  of  draughts  or  checkers.     In  this  sense  spelled 

only  itrnualttsman. 

drag,  l  drag;  2  drag,  v.    [draqoi  d,  dbaod";  drag'ging.] 

I.  '.     1.  To  pull  along  by  main  force;  haul.     2.  To  draw 

a  grapnel  along  the  bottom  of,  as  in  search  of  a  dead 

bod]  ;  search  carefully  or  intently.     3.  To  draw  along 

.    or  wearily.     4.  To  search  can-fully  or  intently; 

drag  one's  brains,    ft.  [U.  8.]  To  harrow.    II.  ». 

I  i  be  drawn  along  the  ground;  move  slowly  or  heav- 

ily.    "J.  To  ply  a  drag:  dredge      [ME.  ilrnf/ijen;  caus.  of 
AS.  drrij/an.  draw.J     Syn.:  see  draw;  linger. 


1:8=  final;    I  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  (eud;    diin;    go;    t}  =  aing;    thin,   this.       dovetail 
253       2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;   lull,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  dray 


drag,  n.  1.  The  act  of  dragging  or  that  which  drags  or  is 
dragged,  as  a  grapple,  a  dredge,  a  drag=net,  a  brake,  or 
heavy  harrow,  a  skid  or  shoe  for  causing  a  carriage^ 
wheel  to  drag,  as  in  going  down  a  hill;  any  clog  or  im- 
pediment. 2.  A  long,  high,  four-wheeled  carriage  or 
coach.  See  coach. — drag'=net",  n.  A  net  to  be  drawn 
along  the  bottom  of  the  water. 

drag'gle,  )  1  drag'l;  2  drag'l,  vt.  &  vi.    [drag'gled,  dra^» 

drag'!p,  )  LI)P;  drag'gling.]  To  drag  or  trail  on  the 
ground  so  as  to  wet  or  soil;  drabble;  befoul. 

drag'o-man,  1  drag'o-man;  2  drag'o-man,  n,  [-mansz, 
improperly  -men,  pi.]  An  interpreter  or  agent  for  trav- 
elers in  the  East.    [F.,  <  Ar.  tarjumdn,  translator.] 

drag 'on,  1  drag'an;  2  drag'on,  n.  1.  A  fabulous,  serpent' 
like,  winged  monster.  2.  [D-]  A  northern  constellation 
(Draco).  See  constellation.  3.  In  the  Scriptures,  a 
name  employed  to  translate  the  Hebrew  tannim,  the 
meaning  of  which  is  uncertain.  4.  A  fierce  or  overbear- 
ing person;  humorously,  a  duenna.  5.  A  plant  of  the 
arum  family.  6.  A  short,  large=bored  firearm  (17th  cen- 
tury). [F.,  <  L.  dracoin-),  '<  Gr.  drakon,  serpent.] — 
drag'on=fly",  n.  An  insect  with  slender  body,  four  large 
wings,  and  enormous  eyes.  darn'ing*nee"dlet;  dev'il's 
darn'ing=nee"dlej. — drag'on's=blood",  n.  One  of  vari- 
ous reddish=brown  resins. — d.stree,  n.  A  gigantic  tree  of 
the  Canary  Islands,  yielding  a  resin  called  dragon's-blood. 

drag"o-nade',  1  drag"o-ned';  2  drag"o-nad',  n.  1.  The  quar- 
tering of  dragoons  on  French  Protestant  families  by  Louis 
XIV.  (1681)  as  a  means  of  persecution.  2.  Any  military  per- 
secution.   [F.,  <  dragon,  dragoon.]    drag"on-nade'J. 

drag'on-et,  1  drag'an-et;  2  drag'on-et,  n.  1.  A  fish,  the  yellow 
gurnard.  2.  A  small  dragon.  3.  A  large  South=American 
lizard.    [OF.,  <  dragon;  see  dragon.! 

dra-goon',  1  dra-gun';  2  dra-goon'.  I.  vt.  To  harass  by 
dragoons;  coerce;  browbeat.  II.  n.  In  the  British  army, 
a  cavalryman:  originally,  a  soldier  who  served  on  horse- 
back or  on  foot  as  occasion  required.  [  <  F.  dragon, 
dragon,  dragoon.] — dra-goon'erf,  n.  A  dragoon;  also,  a 
cavalry  horse. 

drain,  1  dren;  2  dran,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  draw  off  by  degrees, 
as  a  fluid;  draw  water  or  any  fluid  from.  2.  To  make  ex- 
hausting demands  upon.  II.  i.  To  flow  off  or  leak  away 
gradually;  become  exhausted.    [  <  AS.  drehnigean,  drenian.] 

drain,  n.  1.  The  act  of  draining;  continuous  strain,  leak, 
or  outflow.  2.  A  pipe  or  trench  for  draining.  3.  pi. 
Draff,    grains!. 

drain 'age,  1  dren'ij ;  2  dran'ag,  n.  1.  The  act  or  means  of 
draining;  a  system  of  drains.  2.  That  which  is  drained 
off;  waste  water.     3.  The  area  drained;  drainage»basin. 

drake,  1  drek;  2  drak,  n.  1.  A  male  duck.  2.  An  English 
silver  coin  of  Elizabeth,  worth  about  1  shilling  or  25 
cents.  3.  A  flat  stone  used  in  the  game  of  ducks  and 
drakes.    [  <  AS.  ened,  duck,  +  suf.  -rake,  chief.] 

Drake,  Sir  Francis  (1540-1596).  An  English  navigator  and 
naval  commander;  conducted  expeditions  against  Spain,  etc. 

dram,  1  dram;  2  dram,  n.  1.  In  apothecaries'  weight,  60 
grains:  in  avoirdupois,  27.34  grains.  See  weight.  2.  A 
drachma.  3.  A  drink  of  spirits.  [  <  L.OF  drachma;  see 
drachma.]   drachm}.— dram'=shop",  n.   A  liquor=saloon. 

dram.,  abbr.    Dramatic,  dramatist. 

dra'ma,  1  drci'ma;  2  dra'ma,  n.  1.  A  composition  to  be 
acted  upon  the  stage;  a  play;  hence,  any  series  of  dra- 
matic events.  2.  Stage  representations  collectively;  the 
theater.  [<  Gr.  drama(t-),  <  drao,  perform.] — dra- 
mat'lr,  a.  Of  or  like  the  drama;  theatrical.  dra-mat'I- 
cal}.— dra-mat'i-cal-ly,  adv.— dra-mat'lcs,  n.  [Colloq.] 
A  dramatic  performance,  especially  by  amateurs;  dramatic 
writings.— dram 'a-tlst,  n.  A  dramatic  author.— dram"a- 
tl-za'[or  -sa'Jtlon,  n.~ dram'a-tize  or  -tlse,  vt.  [-tized: 
-tiz'ing]  1.  To  set  forth  in  dramatic  form.  2.  To  relate  or 
represent  dramatically. 

dram'mock,  1  dram'ak;2  dram'ok,  n.  [Scot]  Drummock. 

Dram.  Pers.,  abbr.  [L.]  Dramatis  persona:  (the  persons  of  the 
drama) . 

drank,  1  drank;  2  drank,  imp.  of  drink,  v. 

drap,  1  drap;  2  drap,  v.  A  n.  [Scot.)  Drop. 

drap  d'e"te',  1  drd  de'UT;  2  drii  de"te'.  A  mcrino-llke  twilled 
woolen  texture  for  summer  wear.    [F.,  cloth  of  summer.] 

drape,  1  drSp;  2  drap,  vt.  &,  vi.    [draped';  drap'ing.]    1. 
To  cover,  as  with   hanging  cloth.     2.  To  arrange,  as 
drapery  or  hangings.     [<  F.  draper,   <  drop,  cloth  | 
drap'er,  n.    a  dealer  In  cloths,  -drap'er-y,  n.    [-iess,  /;/.] 

1.  Loosely  hanging  attire,  especially  on  figures  In  art.;  also, 
curtains,  tapestry,  etc.  2.  The  business  of  a  draper.  3. 
Cloth  in  general. 

dras'tie,  1  dras'tik;  2  draVtie.    I.  a.    Acting  vigorously; 

effective.  II.  n.  A  powerful  medicine;  a  strong  purga- 
tive.    [  <  Or.  drastikox,  <  drao,  act.] 

draught,  etc.    Sec  draft,  etc. 

draughts,  1  drafts;  2  drafts,  n.  pi.    The  game  of  checkers. 


[<  AS.  dragan,  draw.]— draught'sboard",  n.  A  checker* 
board. — draughts  'man,  n.  [-men,  pi.]  Same  as  draftsman. 

drave||,  1  drev;  2  drav,  imp.  of  drive,  b. 

Dra've,  1  drfi'va;  2  dra've,  n.  A  river  of  Austria-Hungary; 
450  m.  to  the  Danube.    Drauf.  [G.]. 

Dra-vid'i-an,  1  dra-vid'i-an;2  dra-vid'i-an,  n.  1.  One  belong- 
ing to  the  pre=Aryan  race  of  southern  India.     2.  The  lan- 

__guageof  the  Dravidians. — Dra-vid'i-an,  a.  Dra-vld'lci. 

draw,  1  dre;  2  dra,  v.     [drew;  drawn;  draw'ing.]    I.  t. 

1.  To  cause  to  move  by  any  method  in  which  the  thing 
moved  follows  the  mover;  pull;  haul:  opposed  to  push. 

2.  To  cause  to  move  or  act  by  influence  or  inducement; 
lead;  attract.  3.  To  remove  by  pulling;  take  or  pull 
out;  extract,  as  a  tooth;  unsheathe,  as  a  sword.  4.  To 
cause  to  flow;  bring  out;  hence,  to  call  forth;  elicit; 
evoke.  5.  To  call  for  and  receive,  as  from  a  fund;  obtain 
by  lot;  as,  to  draw  one's  salary;  to  draw  a  prize  in  a  lot- 
tery. 6.  To  derive;  procure;  receive.  7.  To  infer;  de- 
duce. 8.  To  bring  in  regularly;  produce  statedly.  9. 
To  take  in,  as  by  respiration;  inhale.  10.  To  write  out, 
as  for  legal  or  business  use;  draft.  11.  To  delineate; 
sketch;  portray,  as  with  pen  or  pencil;  also,  to  mark  or 
define  in  words.  12.  To  lengthen  by  pulling,  as  a  wire; 
elongate;  stretch:  often  with  out.  13.  To  bend,  as  a 
bow.  14.  To  prepare  by  infusion,  as  tea.  15.  To  dis- 
embowel. 16.  To  require  the  depth  of  (so  much  water) 
in  order  to  float:  said  of  a  vessel.  17.  To  drive  or  induce, 
as  a  hunted  animal,  to  come  forth  (from  cover).  18.  To 
drain  of  fluid  contents,  as  a  cask.  19.  To  discontinue,  as 
a  game,  without  completion.  II.  i.  1.  To  cause  move- 
ment by  or  as  by  pulling;  exert  a  pulling  force.  2.  To 
exert  an  attractive  influence;  be  attractive.  3.  To  cause 
motion  freely  as  by  suction;  have  a  free  draft.  4.  To 
move  as  if  drawn;  come  or  go;  as,  to  draw  away;  to  draw 
nigh.  5.  To  obtain  money,  supplies,  etc.,  by  applying 
to  any  source.  6.  To  contract  or  become  distorted; 
shrink.  7.  To  attract  the  blood  or  humors  to  the  sur- 
face, as  a  blister.  8.  To  delineate,  as  with  a  pencil; 
practise  the  art  of  drawing.  9.  To  unsheathe  a  sword. 
10.  To  come  out  or  away  by  means  of  pulling.  11.  To 
settle  in  water  up  to  a  certain  point,  as  a  ship;  have  a 
draft.    [ME.  drawen,  <  AS.  dragan.] 

Syn.:  allure,  attract,  drag,  entice,  haul.  Incline,  Induce, 
lead,  lure,  pull,  tow,  tug.  One  object  draws  another  when  it 
moves  it  toward  itself  or  in  the  direction  of  its  own  motion  by 
the  exertion  of  adequate  force,  whether  slight  or  powerful. 
To  attract  is  to  exert  a  force  that  tends  to  draw,  tho  it  may 
produce  no  actual  motion;  all  objects  are  attracted  toward  the 
earth,  tho  they  may  be  sustained  from  falling.  To  drag  is  to 
draw  against  strong  resistance;  as,  to  drag  a  sled  over  bare 
ground,  or  a  carriage  up  a  steep  hill.  To  pull  is  to  exert  a 
drawing  force,  whether  adequate  or  inadequate;  as,  the  fish 
pulls  on  the  line;  a  dentist  pulls  a  tooth.  To  tug  is  to  draiv, 
or  try  to  draiv,  a  resisting  object  with  a  continuous  straining 
motion;  as,  to  lug  at  the  oar.  To  haul  Is  to  draiv  somewhat 
slowly  a  heavy  object;  as,  to  haul  a  seine;  to  haul  logs.  One 
vessel  tows  another.  In  the  figurative  sense,  attract  Is  more 
nearly  akin  to  incline,  draiv  to  induce.  We  are  attracted  by 
one's  appearance,  drawn  to  his  side.  See  actuate;  allure; 
influence. — Ant.:  alienate,  estrange,  rebuff,  reject,  repel, 
repulse.    See  synonyms  for  drive. 

— draw'baek",  n.  1.  Anything  that  hinders:  a  disad- 
vantage. 2.  An  allowance;  a  rebate. — draw  'bridge",  n.  A 
bridge  of  which  the  whole  or  a  part  may  be  raised,  let  down, 
or  drawn  aside. — draw-ee',  n.  The  one  upon  whom  an  order 
for  the  payment  of  money  is  drawn. — draw'er,  n.  1.  One 
who  draws;  formerly,  a  waiter.  2.  Com.  One  who  draws  a 
bill  of  exchange,  money-order,  or  the  like.  3.  A  sliding  re- 
ceptacle, as  In  a  bureau,  table,  etc. — draw'ers,  n.  pi.  A 
trouser*Uke  undergarment.— draw'ing,  n.  1.  The  act  of 
one  who  or  that  which  draws.  2.  A  picture,  sketch,  delinea- 
tion, or  design;  also,  the  art  of  representing  objects  by  lines; 
delineation.  3.  [long.]  The  receipts  of  sales  In  a  shop  or 
other  establishment:  generally  In  the  plural.  Syn.:  see 
picture;  sketch. 

draw,  n.  1.  An  act  of  drawing;  also,  that  which  is  drawn. 
2.  An  indecisive  contest;  a  tie  game.  3.  The  movable 
section  of  a  drawbridge.  4.  Anything  that  draws; 
specif.,  an  exhibition  that,  attracts  a  crowd. 

draw'ingsroom",  n.  1.  A  room  for  the  reception  of  com- 
pany. 2.  A  reception  held  or  company  assembled  in 
such  :i  room.     3.   |Kng.]   A  court  reception.     [Abbr.  of 

WITIIDUA  WINO-KOOM.) 

drawl,  1  drol;  2  dial.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  speak  or  pronounce 
slowly  Mini  la/.ilv       II-  n      The  act  of  drawling;  spiritless 

utterance.    [Freq.  of  draw.] — drawl 'er,  n. 

dray,  1  dre;  2  dra,  n.    1.  A  strong,  heavy  vehicle,  usually 

low  for  convenience  in  loading  heavy  art  icles.  See  illus. 
on  next  page.  2.  [Kng.]  A  rude  sledge.  [  <  AS. 
drscge,  thing  drawn.)— dray 'age,  n.    1.  The  act  of  convey- 


..    ..       ii     rflla;  but,  bftrn; 
iii  i  0  aOt,  Oi .  wAn, 


•,l 


i 


i 


■ 

III'    ill    or 


I. 

a  wnli 

■  an  object 


mi 

■■M 


I 


Huston, 

:i  train 

■  mind 

i  and  in 

iatural 

normal 

ill  which 

■  [>tlon  of  iidii- 

.  with 

'  delight 
mi  the  normal 
.'..!.:  cer- 
•  lly. 

dream '- 
dream  'i-i> .         Inad 
dr.  .mi  land   . 
.ir.  un  •  i .  —  i > .  dream ' 

':.  \|.- 

;  <loll. 

drear 'My, 

I  DREBQ'- 

ove  by  a 

Ii. 
in  under 


I    I 


IK    !>',\  " 


a  .  udum. 

drlc:.      to  dree  One'*  wrlrd  [Soot.],  In 


dree,  :  drt;  1 

fate 
i  red  Ion  i    great, 

ii  dal  i  i  train     drelnt. 
dregs,  I  hi 

Vf  1  ii        06  WASTE 

dreg  'gj . 

-  -.         drpg'glsn,  a 

.iii  i, un. i .  O.)   Ati  Iple  alliance; 

•  ho  di  fi  ii  \\  b  alllanoe  ol  <  lermanj  .    lusta  la« 
:  l  talj  made  It 
, in  in  ii  .  i  dren     ;  2  drt  aoh,    '      I.  To  wot  tboi 

i. nun itei  n  ■!:•  nob.  ti ■     drench'- 
,i,        i.  \  person  or  thing  that  drenches    >•  [CoUoq.]  A 
iwer. 
drench,        I.    VeUr.    K. liquid  medicine,  administered bj 

■  i  ot  quant  it  s 
i    "  od     S.   \  solution  tot  drenching.    I  <  AS. 

lit,     I, KIM. 

Dres'den,  l  dres'den;  8  dret  'den,  n     I.  The  capital  oil  i  i  pop 
■  lerman) .  potterj  center     '■!.  <  lerman 
warship  i  caped  from  battle  ol  Falkland   Islands,  but    nu 
rendered  to  British  nil  Juan  Femandes,  March,  1916,  and 
desti 
dress.  I  i  n1  nr  drest;  dresb'inq  I 

I.  (  1.  ro  attire  suitably;  clothe;  array;  adorn  2.  To 
put  in  order;  arrange;  adjust,  8-  To  cleanse  and  bind 
up,  as  i  wound  4.  To  ourry,  as  a  boi  -  •>•  To  culti- 
prune,  ti.  To  prepare  lor  market  nr  manufacture 
j.  To  scold:  reprove;  generally  with  down.  h.  To  put  in 
a  straight  line,  as  a  military  company;  aline.  II.  i-  1. 
To  pul  mi  or  wear  clot  bi  llj  elabot  ate  attin 

'.*.   Po  form  in  line;  rangi      !      L"*,  direetua,  direct,  l] 

dress 'erl,  n      One  who  nr  thai  which  dree  • 
valet,  lady's»mald,  cir  surgeon's  assistant,    dress'er*.  n.    a 
kitchen  table  with  shelves;  a  cupboard;  sideboard,     dress '- 
Iiik,  n     l.  The  act  of  dressing,  nr  thai  with  which  anything, 
as  a  wound.  Is  dressed,    2.  Seasoning.    3.  />/.  Arch.  Mold- 
.'in. i  the  wall  openings  In  a  brick  building.    4. 
Tin-  mechanical  preparation  of  ore  fur  smelting.    5. 
[CoUoq.]  a  beating  or  scolding,    dress 'lng  •down  $. 
dress,  n      1.  Covering  for  the  body;  clothes  collectively; 
;  illy,  elegant  nr  fashionable  attire,    'i.  A  gown  or 
frock  of  a  woman  nr  child.    :i.  Full  dross  as  opposed  to 
business  attire,  etc.    4.  1  dressing  nr  size,  as  of  leather, 

i    apparel,  array,  attire,  clothes,  clothing,  costume, 
garb,  garments,  habiliments,  habit,  raiment,  robes,  uniform, 
.  hi-,,  vestun  ■  aotee  the  entire  covering  of 

the  body,  taken  as  a  whole;  dolhi  -  and  garment!  view  It  as 
composed  of  separate  parts  Clothes,  dot hing,  and  garments 
m:i\  be  used  of  Inner  or  outer  covering;  all  the  other  words  In 
the  list  (with  possible  rare  exceptions  In  the  case  of  raiment) 
refer  to  the  outer  garments,    .\rrn\t,  raiment,  and  vesture  are 

archaic  nr  poetic;  SO,  loo.  is  hiibil,  except  in  technical  use  to 

Idlng'drets.  The  word  vestments  is  now 
rare,  except  In  ecclesiastical  use.  Apparel  end  attin  are  most 
frequentlj  u  ed  ol  somewhat  complete  and  elegant  outer 
i,  the  Shakespeare  speaks  of  "poor  and  mean  attire." 
may  be  used,  specifically,  for  a  woman's  gown,  and  In 
that  Bense  may  be  either  rich  or  shabby;  but  In  the  general 
sense  n  denotes  outer  clothing  which  is  meant  to  be  elegant 

complete,  and  appropriate  to  some  social  or  public  occasion; 

nit  i  ■'■>•■  i,  evening  dress,  etc.    i/riss  has  now 

largely    displaced    apparel   and    attire.     Garb   denotes   the 

.'  characteristic  ol  some  class,  profession,  or  the  like 

garb  ol  a  priest.     Costume  Is  chiefly  used  for  that 

which  luiits  an  assumed  charact-  r;  as,  a  theatrical  costume; 

ak  of  a  national  costume,  etc.     See  HABIT. 

—  Ant.:  bareness,  disarray,  dishabille,  exposure,  nakedness, 

nudity,  undress.— dress  coat,  a  coat  for  evening  wear. 

having  I  tie  skirts  cut  away  over  the  hips. — dress'mak"cr, 

ii     i  ine  who  makes  dresses  for  women  or  children.—  drcss'- 

making,  n      dress'y,a.    [CoUoq.]    Fond  of  dress;  showy; 

dress'l-ness,  n. 
dret 'eliyngt,  n.    Trouble;  vexation. 
drew,  1  .lili;  Z  dm,  imp.  of  DRAW,  v. 

llre>"rus',l(|re"fus';2drc"fu.s',Alfred(1859-  ).  A  French 
Officer;  convicted  of  treason.  1804  and  IsOO:  Innocence  was 
fully  established  on  retrial    In  1006.—  Drey  'fus-lte,  n..  An 

adherent  ol  i»reyfus.  [off  by  bits. 

drib,  1  drib;  2  drib.  rt.    To  do  (a  thing)  little  by  little;  cut 

clri  Ii  'hie1,  /  1   drib'l;  2  rlrlb'l.      I.   t>f.   &  vi.     [uRlu'iu.hb, 

•IriiiT',      >drib'ij>p;  drib'bjunq.]    To  drip;  give  out  by 

used  with  out.    II.  «.    Liquid  falling  in  drops 

or  in  tream,     [For  dripple,  freq.  oi  drip.] — 

driblet,  r».     \  scanty  portion     drlb'blct;. 

drlb'ble*,  V.  A  n.     Same  as  DRIVEL. 

dried,  1  draid;  Z  drtd,  imp.  &  pp.  of  dry,  v. 

dn'er,  1  <jrur. ,r;  2  dri'er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  dries. 
Specif  ub  tance  added  to  paint,  etc.,  to  make  it  dry 

more  quickly.   (2j  A  mechanical  device  for  drying,  dry'ert. 


1-3  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ©11;    Itt  =  feud;    diin;    go;    n  =  s\ng;    Chin,   this. 
255  2: wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


dread 
drop 


dri'er,  dri'est,  compnr.  &  auperl.  of  dry,  a. 

driftd,  1  drift;  2  drift,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  carry  or  be  carried 
along,  as  on  a  current.  2.  To  accumulate  in  masses  by 
the  force  of  the  wind,  as  snow.  3.  To  cover  with  drift- 
age.   4.   Mining.  To  make  by  horizontal  excavation. 

drift,  ii.  1.  That  which  is  driven  onward,  as  by  a  current, 
or  piled  up,  as  by  wind  or  sea.  2.  A  course  of  motion; 
tendency,  as  of  an  argument.  3.  A  driving;  an  urgent 
force;  controlling  influence.  4.  A  number  of  objects 
moving  onward  by  one  force;  a  drove.  5.  A  boring=tool. 
6.  Mining.  A  horizontal  passage.  7.  Naut.  (1)  The 
direction  of  a  current.  (2)  Leeway;  the  distance  which 
a  vessel  is  driven  from  her  direct  course  by  wind  or  sea 
or  other  causes.  [AS.  drlfan;  see  drive.]  Syn.:  see  heap; 
inclination;  purpose;  stream.— drift 'age,  n.  Anything 
carried  by  currents  of  wind  or  sea—  drift'wood",  n.  Wood 
floated  or  drifted  by  water,  especially  that  cast  ashore  by 
the  sea. 

driI(lP1,  1  dril;  2  dril,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  pierce  or  bore,  as 
with  a  drill.  2.  To  train  or  engage  in  military  exercises; 
hence,  to  instruct  thoroughly  in  any  department.  3.  To 
plant  in  rows  or  drills.  4t.  To  allure;  decoy.  [<  D. 
drillen,  bore,  brandish,  drill  soldiers.]  Syn.:  see  pierce; 
teach. — drill 'er,  n. 

drill  ,  vt.  &  vi.    To  cause  to  trickle;  trickle;  drain. 

drill1,  n.  1.  A  boringstool  for  metal.  2.  A  machine  for 
planting  seeds  in  rows;  also,  a  row  so  planted.  3. 
Thorough  military  training;  hence, 
thorough  discipline  iD  any  branch 
of  knowledge  or  industry.  4.  _  A 
mollusk  which  kills  oysters  by  dri 
ing  holes  in  their  shells. 

Syn.:  see  practise. — drill'=mas"- 
ter,  n.  A  trainer  in  military  or  gym- 
nastic exercises. — d.=sergeant,  n.  A 
sergeant  who  acts  as  drill«master. 

drill2,  n.   A  black=faced  baboon  of  West 
Africa,  similar  to  the  mandrill. 

drills,  n.    A  rill. 

drill 'ing1,  1  dril'irj;  2  drll'ing,  n. 
Material  excavated  by  a  drill. 
2.  The  act  of  one  who  drills; 
the  act  of  using  a  drill. 

drill 'iiiir".  n.  A  firm  twilled 
fabric  of  linen  or  cotton.  [< 
L.o  trilix.  of  three  threads. 
drilin;  drillsi. 

dri'ly,  adv.    Same  as  dryly. 

drink,  1  drirjk;  2  drink,  vt.  &  vi 

drunk);  pp.  drunk  (formerly  drunk'en);  drink'ing.J 

I.  To  take  (a  liquid)  into  the  stomach  through  the 
mouth.  2.  To  absorb;  receive  eagerly.  3.  To  take 
alcoholic  liquors,  especially  to  excess.     Syn.:  see  absorb. 

— drink 'a-bl(ep.  I.  a.  Capable  of  or  suitable  for  use  as 
a  drink.  II.  n.  A  beverage. — drink  'er,  n.  One  who  drinks; 
specifically,  one  who  drinks  alcoholic  liquors  habitually. 

drink,  n.  1.  Any  liquid  that  is  or  may  be  swallowed;  a 
beverage.  2.  Specifically,  alcoholic  liquor.  3.  As  much 
as  is  or  may  be  taken  at  one  time;  a  draft.  [<  AS. 
drlnc,  <  drincan,  drink.) 

drip,  1  drip;  2  drip.  I',  vt.  &  vi.  To  fall,  or  let  fall,  in 
drops.  II.  n.  1.  A  falling,  or  letting  fall,  in  drops.  2. 
Dripping.  3.  A  projection  to  turn  off,  or  a  vessel  to 
catch,  waste  water.  4.  Condensed  moisture,  as  in  gas» 
pipes.  [  <  AS.  dryppan,  drypian,  cause  to  drop.]  — 
drlp'ping,  n.  That  which  falls  in  drops;  the  fat  from  roast- 
ing meat.  -drip'plng=pan",  n.  A  pan  for  receiving  drip- 
pings or  holding  meat  in  roasting. 

drive,  1  druiv;  2  driv,  v.  [drove;  driv'en,  driv'np;  driv'- 
ino.]  I.  t.  1.  To  push,  urge,  or  press  forward  forcibly; 
impel.  2.  To  urge  forward  under  guidance,  as  a  QOI  e; 
prosecute  urgently,  as  a  business.  3.  To  convey  in  a  car- 
riage. 4.  To  constrain  or  compel.  5.  To  chase  or  hunt. 
6.  Mining.  To  excavate  horizontally,  as  a  tunnel.  7. 
Mech.  To  transfer  the   power   to   (other  mechanism). 

II.  i.  I.  To  be  impelled  onward  by  force.  2.  To  press 
forward  furiously.  3.  To  ride  in  a  carriage  or  direct 
the  animal  or  animals  by  which  it  is  drawn".  4.  To  aim 
a  blow;  direct  one's  action:  with  at.  5.  To  Labor  dili- 
gently and  persistently:   with  away.     [<    AS.  drifan  | 

Syn.:  compel,  impel,  propel,  push,  repd  repulse,  resist, 
ride,  thrust,  urge  on.  To  drive  is  to  move  an  object  wlili 
some  force  or  violence  before  or  away  from  oneself;  It  Is  the 
direct  reverse  of  draw,  lead,  etc.  A  man  li  ad  B  hon  e  bj  the 
halter,  drives  him  with  whip  and  rein.  One  may  be  driven  to 
a  thing  or  from  it;  hence,  iiriir  is  a  synonym  equally  ror 
compel  or  for  repel  or  repulse.  Repulst  Is  stronger  and  more 
conclusive  than  repel;  one  may  be  repelled  i>v  the  very  aspect 

of  the  person  whose  favor  lie  seeks,  lint  Is  mil  /</'"'  •  tl  I    cepl 

by  the  direct  refusal  or  ignoring  of  his  suit.    It  is  common 


Breast.drill. 

[imp.  drank  (formerly 


to  speak  of  driving  ia  a  carriage,  riding  upon  a  horse;  tho  in 
Scripture  wc  read  of  riding  in  a  chariot  (2  Kings  ix,  16;  Jer. 
xvii,  25,  etc.) ;  good  examples  of  the  same  usage  may  be  found 
abundantly  in  the  older  English.  Main  good  authorities  use 
ride  in  the  older  and  broader  sense  as  signifying  to  be  sup- 
ported and  borne  along  by  any  means  of  conveyance.  Com- 
pare actuate;  banish;  compel;  influence;  push;  throw. 
—  Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  draw. 

— driv'er,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which  drives;  a  coach- 
man; locomotive=engineer.  2.  Driving=wheel.  3.  Naut.  A 
four«cornered  fore=and=aft  sail.— driv'ing=wheel",  n.  A 
wheel  imparting  motion  to  other  wheels,  or  to  a  machine. 

drive,  n.  1.  The  act  of  driving.  2.  A  road  for  driving. 
drive 'wav"t.  3.  A  journev  or  excursion  in  a  carriage. 
4.  Urgent  pressure,  as  of  business.  5.  A  hunt  by  driving ; 
also,  a  drove  or  drift,  as  of  cattle.  6.  Mercantile.  A 
special  sale  at  reduced  price.  7.  An  advance  of  troops 
in  mass  against  an  enemy  so  as  to  break  through  defenses 
and  drive  back  the  defenders.     Syn.:  see  way. 

driv'el,  1  driv'l;  2  driv'l.  I.  vi.  [driv'eled  or  driv'- 
elled;  driv'el-tng  or  driv'el-ling.]  1.  To  let  spittle 
flow  from  the  mouth.  2.  To  be  weak  or  silly  in  talk  or 
conduct.  II.  n.  1  ■  An  involuntary  flow  of  saliva  from 
the  mouth.  2.  Senseless  talk;  twaddle.  [Var.  of  drab- 
ble.]—driv'el-er,  n.    driv'el-lert- 

driv'en,  1  driv'n;  2  driv'n,  pp.  of  drive,  v. 

driz'zle,  )  1  driz'l;2  drlz'l.    I.  vt.  &  vi.    [driz'zled,  driz'- 

driz'lp,  )  ldp;  driz'zling.]  To  shed  or  fall  in  fine  drops. 
II.  n.  A  light  rain.  [Formerly  drisel,  freq.  of  AS. 
dreosan.] — driz'zly,  a. 

Dro'ghe-da,  1  riro'Hi-da:  2  dro'He-da,  n.    A  seaport  town  in 

E.  Ireland  (pop.  13,000:;  taken  by  Cromwell,  1649. 
droll,  1  drol;  2  drol.     I.  vi.     To  jest;  play  the  buffoon. 

II.  a.  Facetiously  or  humorously  odd;  comical;  ludi- 
crous; funny;  queer.  III||.  n.  1.  A  jester;  a  funny  fel- 
low. 2.  A  farce.  3.  A  comical  tale.  [  <  OF.  drolle,  < 
D.  drol,  pleasant  fellow,  droll.]  Syn.:  see  humorous;  jo- 
cose; odd;  queer;  ridiculous.— droll 'er-y,  n.  [-iesz,  pl.\ 
1.  Waggisbness;  facetiousness;  humor;  oddity.  2t-  A  comic 
'  picture  or  exhibition.  Syn.:  see  wit.— drol 'iy,  adv. 
drom'e-da-ry,  1  drnm'i-de-ri;  2  drom'e-da-ry,  n.  [-hiesz, 
pi.]  A  fleet,  elegant,  one3 
humped  riding=camel.  [  < 

F.  dromadaire,   <  Gr.  dra- 
mas, a  running.] 

Dro'mi-o,  1  dro'mi-o;  2  dro'- 
mi-o,  n.  In  Shakespeare's 
Comedy  of  Errors,  the  name 
of  twin  brothers,  constant- 
ly mistaken  for  each  other. 

dro'mon,  1  dro'mon;  2 
dro'mon,  n.  A  swift-sail- 
ing medieval  ship  of  war, 
propelled  by  both  oars 
and  sails.  [OF.]  dro'- 
mondt. 

drone1,  1  dr5n;  2  dron.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [droned;  dron  ing.] 
To  utter  with  a  dull,  humming  sound;  hum.  II.  n.  1. 
A  dull,  monotonous,  humming  sound,  as  of  a  bee.  2. 
One  of  the  three  long  tubes  of  the  bagpipe.  3.  Mus.  A 
sustained  bass,  commonly  of  one  note. 

drone2.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  idle;  spend  idly.  II.  n.  A  male 
bee,  that  gathers  no  honey;  hence,  an  idler.  [<  AS. 
drdn.}— dron'lsh§,  a.  [slaver.    [Contr.  of  drivel.] 

drool,  1  drul;  2  drool,  vi.    [U.  S.  ft  Prov.  Kng.]    To  drivel; 

droop,  1  drup;  2  droop.  1>.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  allow  to  hang 
listlessly;  lean  or  bend  downwards;  sink,  as  from  weak- 
ness. 2.  To  lose  vigor  and  spirit;  despond;  decline. 
II.  n.  A  sinking  or  hanging  down.  [<  Ice.  drupa,  < 
drjUpa.  drip.]    Syn.:  see  pall, 

drop,  1  drop;  2  drop,  v.  [dropped  or  dhopt;  drop'ping.] 
I.  t.  1.  To  let  fall  in  drops.  2.  To  let  fall  in  any  way, 
literally  or  figuratively.  3.  To  give  birth  to,  as  the 
young  of  animalB.  4.  To  have  done  with;  give  up 
abruptly;  discontinue;  dismiss.  5.  To  utter  as  if  unde- 
signedly; communicate  Incidentally.  <>•  To  write  and 
send  hastily  and  informally.  7.  To  set  down,  as  from  a 
conveyance;  leave  in  passing.  8.  To  sprinkle  with  oi 
with  drops.  !>.  [Colloq.]  To  bring  down  as  with  a  fire- 
arm. 10.  Naut.  To  sail  away  from;  outdistance.  II.  i. 
I.  To  fall  in  drop;-,  as  a  liquid.     !.  To  discharge  drops; 

drip.      3.  To  descend;  sink   rapidly;  fall.      *•  To  I II 

fainl ;  sub  ide;  i  ink,    .r>.  To  come  to  an  end;  cease;  slop. 

<;.  To  fall  proi rdead.   Syn.:  see  pall,     to  drop  down. 

to  move  down  a  Btream  or  along  a  coast,  as  a  vessel.  <» 
drop  in,  to  happen  In,  as  for  a  cull,  drop'per,  n. 
drop,  n.  1.  A  globule  ol  liquid;  a  very  small  quantity  of 
anything  2.  Anything  i  ii.it  resembles  or  hangs  like  a 
drop  of  liquid,  or  thai  is  made  in  drops  or  by  dropping;  a 
pendant.    :t-  V  fall;  descent     4.  Mech.  Any  one  of  va- 


Dromedary 


IMiii.  411 


i         .       ,.  .■>    not.flr;  full,  rule;  but.bom; 

,     ,         .  .     loo;  I- «;  I-  I;  >.•<>.  ttOt,  Or,  won, 


.-,(, 


. I  r . . i.  tied, 


I 

drop'- 


dro«h  W> .  |    1.  A 

'-• 

■ 

i  ■  impurity  in  melted 

\-- 

droflS  I- 

I. 
ilr.iin  h.  '-•  Scar- 

dryot  ■  dry; 

.1  r.-uc  li  I    |  .  ilrniilli  BUffor- 

droughl  'l-ncss, 

I.   \  numb*  r  of  nnimals  driven 

'.*.    \  mi  \  ing  en  «•!  ol  human 

-,    drivi  \    Sam  :  Bee  t  txx  k. 

i  to  inar- 

-  lido. 

,ir..»   ,  .  muddj  l 

.ir..»  .  '  underground 

In  metal.     Compare 
trow 

,lr..»  n.  I.  .'     1.  To  kill  bj  immer- 

,i.l     'i.  To  overflow;  deluge. 

lish    II.  i.    To  ili'' 

(  <  AS.  druncnian,  bedrowni  d, 

drom^> .  1.   rf.    <fc   ri.     [drowsed; 

li  >ze;  be 

1 1.  nlf -asleep;  a  di  te 

drowse  .    dron  'sj , 

i  ecplm  is;  dull. 

Iron  si-i) , 

ilrnli.  I.  .V    ri.      [DBUBBKD,   DRUBD8; 

r. ;  cudgel;  thrash. 
II.  drub'- 

■ml  i. in.-.  tilng. 

drudg-  .  I.  ri.     [dridoed;  drudg'ino.] 

rk  hard  and  slavish- 
I  i 
•  Irmlr '.  r-) .   •.         ii-'.  ///.)     Hull,  wearl- 
I'lll..    WORK. 

inks' •  '•  '■''■'  '•'■!!..  i 

.Mih.  or  administer  drugs 

Iso,    to    take 

III.  licinally  or  as 

'.'.   '  ble  com- 

I  >    droog,  dry]  - 

drui  [bl,  n     I  ■  •.  compounds 

prcarrtpUooa  and  -  .  pharmacist.    2.  A  dealer  In 


drui;  k'-  ' .  I .         oarse  woolen 

fabric  for  ru*>  m  fabric; 

dru   Id,  '  iaul  and 

<  lid  lr. 
dm  i ■:-■  dru-ld't-eal, 

dru-ld'h    .     <l ru 'lil-Ism, 

drum.  I 

•    ■  I .  drum;  bent  a 

urn:  with  out. 

ally  -  II.         I . 

2,  of  va- 

le   lyrn- 
par.  . 
par:  ' ;  t  r  f  I  > 

playing  pai  druni'>beat",  n.— 


drum    i".    .    uuousflrlna     ilnini'«iiia"Jor,n.One 

drum«oorp      drum'mer, 
i    .  mo  who  or  thai  whloh  druui        I  Itrnvi  Una 

drum  'stick",  .      \    Llol  for  beatings  di  no 
di  inn  i . t •  •  ■ .        i  d  in. i-  ■  drum    I.  To  mumble    8. 

Iii.ni  mound  of  mi 
iir ii m  li n.  1  iii  Mm' iin. '.'  iiniiii'iin.  n  Oeol  V  lenticular,  corn 
iiriiin  'mock,  i  drum'el  ;2drumok,  n,  [Bool  i   Ha«  oatmeal 

1 1  dramaigt  I 
Drum'mond,  1  drum'end;  2  drum'ond,  llenr>  (1881    1807) 

ihej  and  writer. 

iirunk.  l  .ii  miiI.  ,  2  drOnk,  />;»  of  drink,  >, :  formerly  fmp. 

drunk*  a      1.  Inebriated;  intoxii  itively,  satu- 

i  itod;  glutted:  as,  drunA  with  ilaughti  i      '.'i. 

lied      driiiik'ard,  n,    One  who  habitually  drinks 

im  intoxication;  s  sol     drunk 'en,  a.    Olven  i".  resulting 

trom,  or  characterised  by  drunkenness;  drunk;  tipsy.    -l>, 

-lies-.,  n. 

drupe,  l  drup;  2  drup,  n     Bof     \  sofi  fleshy  fruit  enclo 

ing  a  hard  welled  Btoneor  seed,  as  in  the  chei  ry.    [  <  I.. 

rfrii/m.  ■    Or.  drypepts,  very  rlpe.j    dru-pa'ceous,  a     Sot 

Bearing  drupes,  <ir  like  s  drupe,    dm 'pal;,    drupe'let,  n. 

a  little  drupe,   dru'pell;  dru'pe-olet. 
Dru 'sub,  l  drfl'sos;  2  dru'sus,  Claudius  Nero,  surnamed 

Germanlcus    18— OB. <         \  Roman  general 
<lr>,  1  drai;  2  dry".    I.  vt.  >V  vi.    [dried;  dry'ino.]    I.  To 

make  dry:  evaporate;  wither.    'J.  To  cease  oi  i 

to  Bow:  usually  with  up.    11.  a.    [dbi'xb;  dbi'- 

i  si  I    i.  Lacking  moisture;  nol  wel  or  damp;  nol  fresh; 

noi  green,     2.  Thirsty,     -i.  Lacking  interest;  lifeless; 

dull.    4.  Slyly  jocose  or  satirical.    5.  Free  from  sweet- 
dol  (rim        B.  [polloa.,  U.  8.]  Subject  to  or  in 

favor  of  a  prohibitory  liquor  law;  as,  a  dry  town.    7. 

N'nl   ni\iii«  milk;  as,  a  dry  COW.     H.   Not  liquid;  solid: 

said  of  merchandise,  etc.  III.  n.  A  stale  or  condition 
of  dryness;  anything  thai  is  dry.  (<  AS.  dryge.] — dry'« 
heal",  ;/.  To  beat  until  dry;  hence,  to  beat  severely. — dry 
root,  adv.  I.  with  dry  feet,  i  ■  By  seem  ol  the  foot. 
dry>goodS,  n.pl.  I-  [U.S.]  Textile  fabrics,  as  distinguished 
trom  groceries,  hardware,  etc.  2.  [Eng.]  Grocerle  .  palnl  . 
etc.,  as  dtetlngulahed  from  wares  and  textile  fabrics,  dryly, 
mlr.  drl'lj  ;.  dry'ness,  n.— drysiiurse,  n.  A  nurse  who 
inn  Irishes  and  rears  a  child  without  suck  ling  it       dry  srot,  n. 

I.  a  fungous  disease  of  timber;  a  disease  of  potato«tubers. 

'i.    Inward  and  gradual  corruption, as  of  morals. 

dry 'ad,  1  drai'aa;  Z  dry'ad,  a.  '»>.  Myth.  Awoodmymph. 

[<  Gr. I'dryas,  <  ctrys,  tree.]— dry-ad 'lo.  a. 
I)r>  Men.  1  drnl'den;  2  dry'den.  John  (1631-1700).     An  Kn- 

Rllsh  poet  and  dramatist;  poet  laureate,  1670. 
drj  'or,  tirj  'esl,  ;/     Same  as  drier,  DRIEST. 
dr\   intr.  1  dral'iD;2dry'lng,  ppr.  &  verbal  n.  of  dry,  r. 
dr>  'salfer,  1  drai'sSlt'er;  £  dry'salfer,  n.    1.  One  who  deals 

In  dried  and  sailed  meats,  pickles,  etc.    2.  [Gt.  Brit.]  One 

Who  deals  In  chemical  preparations,  dyestuffs,  etc. 

il.  s..  abbr.  DayB'  Bight,  days  [after]  sight,  I).  So.,  aVbr. 
Doctor  of  Science. — D.  S.  O.,  o6Br.    Distinguished  Service 

Order. — d.  8.  D..  abbr.  [L.l  Dinssil  xim  prtilt  (died  wit  h- 
out  issue). — d.  t.,  abbr.  Delirium  tremens.— Du.,  Dut., 
ahlir.     Dutch. 

du'ad,  1  dlO'ad;  2  du'iid,  n.    A  pair  of  units. 

du'al,  1  diu'.il;  2  du'al,  a.  Denoting  or  relating  to  two; 
composed  of  two,  as  of  two  natures;  twofold;  binary. 
[<  L.dualts,  <  duo,  two.)— du'al-lsm,  n.  Any  religious  or 
philosophical  system  which  asserts  a  duality  or  twofoldness 
of  nature,  being,  etc.— du'al-lst,  n.— du"al-ls'tlc,  a.— 
du-al'l-ty,  n.    The  state  or  character  of  being  two  or  of 

'     I  Of  tWO  [<   DUAL.) 

dii'al-ln,  1  dlu'yl-ln;  2  dfi'al-In,  n.    A  nitroglycerin  explosive. 

dub1,  1  dub;  2  dab,  vt.    [dubbed,  dtjbd';  di  h'iuno.]    1. 

To  confer  knighthood  upon;  name  or  style;  entitle.     2. 

100I  li  or  rub;  dress.    [<  AS.  dubban.] 

dub2,  vt.  &  vi.    To  push  or  thrust;  also,  to  make  a  brisk 

beating,  as  on  a  drum. 

dul>5,  n.    A  stroke  or  blow.  [Dublin. 

dub.,  abbr.    [!•.]    InMlanle  (doubting).— Dub.,  Diihl..  abbr. 

du-bl'e-tyi,  1  dlu-bol'i-ti;  2  dfl-M'e-ty,  ».    The  state  of  being 

doubtful  or  dubious;  doubt;  doubtfulness.   [<  L.dubieia(t-)s, 

mors)    du"bl-os'l-tyJ. 

dll'bi-ous,  1  difi'bi-us;  2  du'lii-u-,   a.     1.   Unsettled  in 
■  rii  or  opinion;  doubting;;  doubtful;  problematic. 
'I.  Questionable;  equivocal;  ambiguous.    [  <  L.™dubvU9, 
..two. |    Syn.:  see  equivocal;  prbcabioDS.     -ly,  adv. 
-noss,     „      tin  'i,i-i .-,-1,1  h  ,    a.      Doubtful;   debatable. — 
du'bl-ta-bly,   adv. — du'bl-tate,   vi.     To  doubt.     du"bl- 
la'iloii},  n.  -du'bl-ta-tlv(e»,  a.     -ly,  adv. 
Dublin,  1  diii/hn;  2  dub'lin,  n.    A  seaport,  capital  (pop. 
4ui. .oho    of  Ireland;  on  Dublin  Bay,  an  Inlet  of  Irish  sea, 
Ol   Ireland;    uprising  against  Hrltish  government 
began  April  L'4.  suppressed  May  1,  1916. 
I)n-hiii|iie',  l  du-blQk';  2  du-bQk',  n.    A  city  In  N.  E.  Iowa; 
seat  or  St.  Joseph's  College  (R.  C);  pop.  46,000. 


1: 9  =  final;    l  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell:    iu  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    i)  =  aing;    thin,   this. 
257        2: wolf,  do;  book,  boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


dropsy 
Duncan 


du'cal,  1  diu'kal;  2  du'cal,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  duke 
or  a  duchy.    [  <  L.  dux  (due-),  leader.] 

duc'at,  1  duk'at;  2  due'at,  n.  1.  One  of  several  European 
coins,  ranging  in  value  from  about  83  cents  to  $2.28.  See 
coin.  2.  A  former  coin  of  Venice  and  Holland.  [F.,  < 
L.".  dux,  leader.] 

Du  ChaH"lu',  1  du  s"ha"yu';  2  dii  cha"yii',  Paul  Bellonl 
(1835-1903).    A  French-American  explorer  and  author. 

duch'ess,  1  dudh'es;  2  dtich'gs,  n.  The  wife  or  widow  of 
a  duke;  female  sovereign  of  a  duchy. 

duch'y,  1  dutfh'i;  2  duch'y,  n.  [duch'ies2,  pi.]  The  terri- 
tory or  dominion  of  a  duke;  a  dukedom. 

duck1,  1  duk;  2  duk,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  plunge  suddenly  un- 
der water;  dive.  2.  To  bow  quickly;  bob;  dodge;  cringe. 
[Freq.  of  ME.  duken.)    Syn.:  see  immerse. 

duck1,  n.  1.  A  web-footed,  shorfcdegged  water-fowl.  2. 
The  female  of  this  bird:  distinguished  from  drake.  3. 
One  of  similar  birds.  4.  A  disabled  person  or  object. 
[<  AS.  duce.]  — to  make  ducks  and  drakes,  or  to  play 
at  ducks  and  drakes.  1.  To  throw  a  flat  stone  or  shell  so 
that  it  skips  along  the  surface  of  water.  2.  To  squander; 
derange  or  involve  recklessly:  with  of  or  with. — duck'ling, 
n.    A  young  duck.  [quick  plunge  under  water. 

duck2,  n.    A  sudden  downward  movement,  as  of  the  head; 

duck3,  n.  [Colloq.l  A  darling;  pet.  [<  duck1,  n.;  but  cp. 
E.  Fries,  dok,  dokke,  doll.] 

duck4,  n.  1.  A  strong  linen  or  cotton  fabric.  2.  pi. 
[Colloq.]  Trousers  made  from  such  cloth.  [  <  D.  doek; 
cp.  G.  tuch,  cloth.] 

duck 'bill",  1  duk'bll";  2  duk'bll",  n.  An  aquatic  burrowing 
and  egg-laying  mammal  of  Australia  with  a  duck-like  bill 

duck'lng=stool",  1  duk'in-stul";  2  duk'ing-stool",  n.  A  stool 
on  which  common  scolds  were  formerly  tied  and  plunged 
Into  water. 

duct,  1  dukt;  2  duct,  n.  A  tube  or  passage  by  which  a 
fluid  is  conveyed.    [  <  L.  ductus,  a  leading] 

duc'til(e8,  1  duk'til;  2  due'til,  a.  1.  Capable  of  being 
drawn  out,  as  into  wire.  2.  Easily  led;  tractable;  pliant. 
[<  L.  ductilis,  <  ductus,  pp.  of  duco,  lead.] — due-til 'i-ty,  n. 
The  state  or  degree  of  being  ductile,    due'til  ,e-nesss$. 

dud.  1  dud:  2  dud,  n.  [Colloq.]  1.  A  worn  garment.  2.  pi. 
[Dial  ]     Little  belongings.     3.  A  shell  that  fails  to  explode. 

dude,  1  diud;  2  dud,  n.  A  fop. — dud'ish,  a. — dud 'ism, 
n.    dud'lsh-nessj.  [tobacco-pipe.    du-dheen'J. 

du-deen',  1  dlu-dln';2  dO-den',  n.  [Ir.j  A  short -stemmed  clay 

Du"de-vant',  1  du"da-van';  2  du'de-viih'.  Amandin-  L.  A. 
(1804—1876).    A  French  novelist;  pen-name,  "George  Sand." 

dudg'eon1,  1  duj'an;  2  dudg'on,  n.  Sullen  displeasure; 
resentment.    [Prob.  <  W.  dygen,  malice.] 

dudg'eon2,  n.  1.  The  wood  of  the  box-tree  root,  formerly 
used  for  dagger-hilts;  any  mottled  or  veined  wood.  2t,  A 
wooden  hilt  of  a  dagger;  a  dudgeon-dagger.  [Dim.,  <  D. 
duig.  stave.] — dudg'eon=dag"gert,  n.  A  dagger  with  a 
hilt  of  dudgeon. 

Dud 'ley,  1  dud'h;  2  dud'ly,  Robert  (1533-1588).  Earl  of 
Leicester;  an  English  statesman  and  soldier;  favorite  of 
Queen  Elizabeth. 

due,  1  diu;  2  du.  I.  a.  1.  Owing  and  demandable;  owed, 
as  moral  duty,  or  as  a  consequence;  proper;  appropri- 
ate; fairly  to  be  ascribed.  2.  Appointed  or  expected  to 
arrive,  as  a  ship  or  a  train.  II.  n.  That  which  is  owed 
or  rightfully  required;  a  debt  or  obligation.  III.  adv. 
Directly;  exactly;  as,  due  east.  [F.,  <  L.  debitus,  pp.  of 
debec,  owe.) — due'*blll",  n.  A  written  acknowledgment  of 
indebtedness. 

du'el,  1  diu'el;  2  du'61,  n.  1.  A  prearranged  combat  be- 
tween two  persons.  2.  Any  encounter  between  two  con- 
tending parties.  [F.]— du'el-lng,  n.  The  act  of  fight- 
ing a  duel,    du'el-llngt.—  du'cl-lst,  n.    du'el-llst  t. 

du-el'lo,  1  dlQ-el'lo;  2  dQ-eTlo,  n.  1.  The  art  or  practise  of 
dueling;  the  code  observed  by  duelists.    2.  A  duel.    [It.] 

du-en'na,  1  diu-en'a;  2  du-en'a,  n.  An  elderly  woman 
who  watches  over  a  young  woman.    [Sp.] 

du-et',  1  diii-et';  2  du-et',  n.  A  composition  for  two 
voices  or  instruments;  also,  a  four«handed  piece  for  the 
pianoforte.  [<  It.  duetto,  <  duo,  two.]         [as,  plum  duff. 

duff,  1  duf;  2  duf,  n.  Naut.  A  pudding  of  flour  boiled  In  a  bag; 

duffel,  1  duf'l;  2  duf'l,  n.  1.  A  woolen  fabric;  a  heavy-weight 
kersey.  2.  Outfit;  supplies.  [  <  I),  duffel,  <  Duffel  (a  town 
near  Antwerp).]    duf'nll;  dufflel. 

dug,  1  dug;  2  dug,  imp.  &  pp.  of  dig. 

dug,  ft,    A  teat  or  udder. 

du'gong, ldu'gorj:2du'g6ne,  .  [Malay.)  Anaquatlc mammal 
of  the  East  Indies  and  Australia;  the  sea-cow.     du'yongl. 

dllg'out",  1  dug'nut";  2  dug'out",  n.  1.  A  canoe  formed 
of  a  hollowed  log.  2.  [U.S.]  A  rude  dwelling  excavated 
in  a  hillside.  3.  An  underground  shelter  against  bombs 
and  shells. 

Du"gues"clln',  1  du"ge"klan';  2  du"Ke"clan',  It.  rt ran. I 
(1314?-1380).    A  French  warrior;  Constable  of  France. 

duke,  ldluk;2duk,  vt.    [Poet.)    To  play  the  duke. 
17 


A  gymnastic  im- 


duke,  1  diuk;  2  duk,  n.  1.  A  nobleman  of  the  highest 
rank.  2.  A  reigning  prince  inferior  to  a  king.  [  <  due, 
<  L.  dux  {due-),  leader.]  dukt. — duke'dom,  n.  1.  A 
duchy.    2.  The  dignity  or  title  of  a  duke. 

dul'cet,  1  dul'set;  2  dul'cSt,  o.  1.  Sweet  to  the  taste  or  to 
the  ear.    2.  Mentally  pleasing.    [  <  L.  dulcis,  sweet.] 

dul'cl-fy,  1  dul'si-fai;  2  dul'ci-fy.  vt.  To  make  sweet;  also,  to 
please;  mollify. 

dul'ci-mer,  1  dul'si-mar;  2  dul'ci-mer,  n.  1.  A  stringed 
instrument  played  with  two  padded  hammers.  2.  An 
ancient  wind-instrument.  [  <  L.OF  dulce,  sweet,  + 
melos,  <  Gr.  melos,  song.] 

dul-cin'e-a,  1  dul-sin'i-a;  2  dul-cin'e-a,  n.  A  sweetheart: 
from  Dulcinca  del  Toboso,  in  "Don  Quixote."    [Sp.] 

dull1 ,  1  dul;  2  dial.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  or  become  less 
sharp,  acute,  bright,  or  intense;  blunt;  moderate;  de- 
press; cloud;  tarnish.  II.  a.  1.  Not  sharp  or  keen: 
having  a  blunt  edge  or  point.  2.  Not  acute  or  intense; 
as,  dull  pain.  3.  Not  quick,  as  in  thought;  sluggish; 
stupid.  4.  Not  brisk  or  active.  5.  Not  bright  or  spir- 
ited; wearisome;  sad.  6.  Lacking  luster;  cloudy;  dim. 
[<  AS.  dol  (for  *dwol),  <  V  of  dwell,.]  Syn.:  see  blunt; 
flat;  heavy;  lifeless;  numb;  sad;  slow;  tedious. — 
dull  'aril,  n.  A  dull  or  stupid  person;  a  dolt. — dull'ish,  a. 
— dul'ly,  adv.— dul'ness,  n.    dnll'iiess  ;. 

dulse,  1  duls;  2  duls,  n.  A  reddish-brown  seaweed  eaten  in 
Scotland  and  elsewhere  as  a  vegetable.    [  <  Gael,  duileasg.] 

Ou-lu  tli ',  1  du-lutli';  2  du-luth',  n.  A  city  (pop.  104,000)  and 
port,  W.  end  of  Lake  Superior  Minnesota. 

du'ly,  1  difi'h.  2  du'ly,  adv.  In  accordance  with  what 
is  due;  fitly;  becomingly;  regularly. 

Du'ma,  1  du'ma;  2  du'ma,  n.  [Rus.]  The  Russian  national 
assembly  elected  indirectly  by  the  people.    Dou'mat. 

Du"mas',  1  du"ma';  2  dii" ma',  Alexandre.  Either  of  two 
French  novelists  and  dramatists,  Dumas  pere  (1802-1870), 
the  father,  and  Dumas  flls  (1824-1895),  the  son. 

Du  Mau"rier',  1  dii  me"rye';  2  dii  mo"rye',  George  L.  P.  B. 
(1834-1896).     An  Anglo-French  artist  and  novelist. 

dumb,  1  dum;  2  dum,  vt.    To  make  dumb. 

dum(bs,  a.    1.  Having  no  power  of  speech;  mute;  silent. 
2.    Not    clearly    manifest;    latent.       [<    AS.    dumb.] 
Syn.:  see  taciturn. — dumb'*bell",  a. 
plement  consisting  of  a  handle  with  a 
ball  at  each   end. — dumb'ly,  adv. — 
dumb'ness,  n. — dumb-waiter, n.  A 
movable  framework  for  carrying  things 
from  one  room  or  floor  to  another. 

dum'dum  bullet,  ldum'dum:  2  dum'- 
dum.  A  partially  steel-cased  bullet, 
the  soft  core  of  which  expands,  aggravating  the  Injury  of 
a  wound:  condemned  by  the  International  Peace  Confer- 
ence of  1899.  [<  Dumdum  (a  town  near  Calcutta.  India).] 

dum'Tound',    )  1  dum"faund';  2  dum"found',  rt.    To  strike 

dumb 'found  ',  {dumb;  confuse;  confound.  dumb'Tound'- 
ert;  dum'Tound 'ert. 

dum 'my,  1  dum'i;  2  dum'y.  I.  a.  Sham;  counterfeit. 
II.  n.  [dum'miesz,  pi.)  1.  [Colloq.]  One  who  is  dumb;  a 
mute.  2.  A  silent  person,  as  an  actor  without  a  speaking 
part.  3.  Mech.  (H  A  comparatively  noiseless  steam-motor 
car.  (2)  A  dumb-waiter.  4.  A  thing  made  to  represent 
something  else.  5.  [Local,  U.  S  ]  A  stupid  person;  dolt. 
6.  In  certain  card-games,  an  exDosed  hand  played  by  the 
opposite  player.    [<  dumb.]  [in  mass  —  dump'er,  n. 

dump,  1  dump;  2  dump,  vt.  &  vi.    To  unload  or  remove 

dump1,  n.  1.  [U.  S.]  A  dumping-ground-  also,  that 
which  is  dumped.  2.  A  leaden  counter  used  by  boys 
in  various  games. 

dump2,  n.  1.  A  gloomy  state  of  mind,  melancholy:  only  In 
the  plural.  2.  A  dance  of  slow  movement,  or  the  music  for 
It:  hence,  any  tune.  [Prob.  Scand.;  cp.  Dan.  dump,  dull.] 
— dump'lsh,  a. 

dump'llng,  1  dump'hrj;  2  dump'ling,  n.  A  pudding  of 
paste  or  dough,  often  folded  over  and  enveloping  fruit 
or  meat.    [  <  dump,  »  1  [Short  and  thick;  stocky, 

dump'y,  1  ilump'i;  2duinp'y,a.  [dumi>'i-eh;  ditmp't-kst.] 

dUIl1,  1  (Inn;  2  dun,  vt.  &  d.  [DUNNED,  DTJND8;  DTJN'nTNQ  j 
To  press  for  payment;  make  :i  din.     [ME.  dunnen.] 

dun2,  vt.  &  vt.  1.  To  cure  by  salting  and  packing  under  cover 
In  a  dark  place.  2.  To  make  or  become  dun-colored,  -dun'- 
flsh",  n.    CodflBb  cured  by  dunning. 

dun,  a.     Of  a  dull,  dark-brown  color;  swarthy. 

dun1,  n.  1.  One  who  duns.  2.  The  act  of  dunning;  a  de- 
mand for  payment. 

dun2,  i).     An  eminence;  fortified  mound.     |  «    AS.  dUn  | 

Dii'na,  1  dii'nu:  2  du'ni'i.  //.     A  river  In  N.  \V.  Russia.  How  mr. 

600  m  to  the  <  ;uif  of  Riga, 
Dun 'bar,  l  dun'bar:  2  dfln'bar,  ».    1.  William  (14657-1530), 

a  Scottish  monk  and  poet..     2.    A  coast  town  In  S.  E,  Scot- 
land; here  Cromwell  defeated  the  Sootoh,  ic>.r.o. 
Duu'can,    1    durj'kan;   2   dun'ian.    n.      A    king   of   Scotland 
(     -1010)  murdered  by  Macbeth;  in  Shakespeare's ikfac&efA. 


Dumb-bells. 


i         i  a    ■••:  full,  rflle;  but,  born; 

I  I        .-,    I        .  .  K0,  ,  in,  \\6u,  S5S 


1 

l\ Il 


.Inn    .!• 


I       ' 
I. 

:. 

I. 

i 

-   ..f    Hu- 
ll, in    l..r  ,U 


I  111  I.    ,  .  .ill.  I   be 
DM    .   ,t.  n.l.  .1  l.i  an  In. I.  "nil 
in. i.l.  I.  orlgll 


il  .if  iiir  appropi  late 

ml   ..in-  tttiplU  fill  ,  I  In' 

number  of  exai 

pi  OtOl  i  po 


' 


i  amp 


!  ..f  hearing; 
.Inn   ri  t  —  ii-  —  ~    . 

.1  .'in 

V.llll  Ml 

>ury. 
\    blow  or 


i  <  I.,  duo- 

*-'••  ll. 

:■'-., - '  i  - 1 1  n_> .  n. 
I  -...k  having 
adjectivally. 

it  pari 

•  in  o-de'nal, 

I 

'   ■  >  up. 
I.  i 

II.  .      irough 

iiii|..  '.i-i.iri-i> :.    dnp'a-bl  e  . 

■■art-; 

direc- 
iln'lil.    . 
I. 

repro- 

I       'i. 
III. 

.  fold.] 

■ 

-   la  Ilk.; 

:!.  con- 
I  '.tie  signature 


.In  |ill-.  .i-ili    ■    .            .In  jill-i  .i "i.ir.     .  du'pll-ia- 
\  doubling  or  Folding 

.in  i  in    I»t) .  i 

doublcdealinR.     |  •  F.  dupliciU  , 

I  I.  M    II 

•in  |.i\  ,i       .  plnl 

•  to  iiu-  plalntlfl's  rcplj :  onoe  common  In 

II    ,.,....■.        i    duo,  two, 

im  .hi. -tii''.  i  .hi  Ibrahim  1 1610  1688). 

\  i  ommander. 

Do  <ji i..n       \    French  fori   (1754)  on  site  ol 

in.-  English,  1768,  and  renai I  In  i> r 

•  In  r.i-iil  r  .  l  diu'ra-bl;  2  dO/ra-bl,  a.    Able  to  continue 

long  in  tii-  i    .         I-    durabilis, 

hard.]     Svn.:  Bee  permanent.    du"ra- 

Idl'l-li.  .In  r.i-M  i-ncss1:.      dii'ra-hl)  ,  mlr. 

.lu'r.i  ni.i'i.-r,  i   dlu're  n..'i..r;  2  dd'ra  '   The 

tough  fibrous  membrane  thai  envelops  the  brain  and  spinal 

■ 

.hl-r.i   linn.    1    ili-i-r.'iii.-ii;    :_'    dn-ra'tiiin.    n.      [L.]    Bot.   The 

iiiari-u.iuii  uf  an  exogenous  Btem. 
.Iiir '.nice,  l  diuVens;  2  duVanc,  r».     Personal  restraint; 

imprisonment.    [OF.,  <  L.  duro,  endure.]    diir';iii-e>  I . 

.lu-ra  i inn,  l  dio-re'snen;  L'  du-rfi/shon,  n.    The  period 

me  during  which  a     thing  Lasts;  time  in  general, 

Dn-rai'so,  I  dd-rfld'so;  2 d    ra.i"  port,  capital  ol 

Albania;  bombarded  by  ;tiiii-il  British  and  French  fleets, 

in  i  [71,000. 

Durban,  1  .lnr'l.,in;  2  dur'baii,  n.     \  seaport  ..f  Natal;  pop. 

dare  .        I  i  endure.    [<  L.<turo,  <  durtu,  hard.] 

dure*,  a     Bevere;  hard;  much. 

DU'rer,  1  dil'rar;  2  dii'rer,  Albert  (1471-1528).    A  German 

painter,  engraver,  and  writer. 
du'ress,  1  diQ'ri  -;  l'  du'res,  n.    Law.    Constrainl  b; 

or  fear;   compulsii  nment.     [<  L.01 

hard.]    du-resse't.   syn 

Diir'hain.  1  ilnr'am;  2  ilur'ani,  n.     I.A1  I   Qgland, 

!:.  .irai  and  universlt 
dUT'lngf  1  ilifir'in;  2  ilfir'imr.  prep.    In  or  within  1  i 

i  trig.  niir.  .if  i  Ss ".:  Bee  at. 

•  lurk  .        i iirk.    durket. 

ilur'ra,  1  dur'a:  2  dur'a,  n.    Indian  millet;  <  ;ulnea»corn.    [Ar.J 

(lar'ra  ;  dhn'ra  :  do'ra  : ;  dou 'rat. 
durst,  1  durst;  2  .lurst.  imp.  of  pare,  v. 
Do'se,    I    d0 '/■•    2   .In'  ■-.    Mine.    Klennnra   (1861-  ).    A 

versatile  Italian  actress  In  tragedy  and  comei 

dusk§,  1  dusk;  :>  dusk.  r.  I.  /.  To  make  dark  or  dim.  II.  i. 
To  grow  or  appear  dark  or  dim. 

dusk.  [.a.  [Archaic  or  Poet.]  I.  Somewhat  dark  or  ob- 
scure by  reason  of  failing  or  feeble  light;  dim.  'i.  Dark  in 
color;  swarthy.  II.  />.  1.  A  state  between  darkness  and 
light;  twilight.  '!.  Swarthiness;  shadowiness.  [Cp.  Sw. 
raw  weather.]-  dusk'),  a     [nt  bx'i-er;  ddbk'i-est.] 

S.inu-wlial  dark;  dim;  obscure;  swarthy.   Syn.:  see  DARK;  mi- 

.iu-.k  i— 1  > . -/ .      dusk'f-ness,n  Moderatedarkness. 
DUs'sel-dorf,  1  dus'el-dei  ddrf,  n.     \  govern- 

ment (2,113  in  W.  Prussia;  also, 

pital    pop  359,000);  first  territory  subjected  to  an 

air-raid  by  the  British,  Sept.  2-i.  1914. 

(I  list,  1  .!     t ;  2  dust.    I'1.  vt. 1.  Tut  .rush  or  wipe  dust  away 

from.    'i.  To  sprinkle  as  with  dust.    3.  To  reduce  to  du  t. 

II.        1. Any  Bubstance,  as  earth,  reduced  to  powder. 

'1.  A  cloud  of  pulverized  earth;  a  bewildering  cloud  of 

words,    arguments,    etc.;    confusion;   controversy.     3. 

fColloq.]  Gold'dust;  hence,  cash  ur  money.    4.  A  dead 

body;  remains.    5.  The  earth;  the  grave;  figuratively, 

downfall  or  humiliation.    6.  [Eng.]  Rubbish;  ashes  and 

hold  sweepings.    [<  AS.  dust  {.tor  dust).]    Syn.:  (verb) 

in)  see  BODY. — dust'er,  ».    1.  one  who  or 

rhicb  dusis.    2.  A  clotb  or  brush  for  removing  dust. 

1  ur  covering  to  protect  from  dust,     dust  'ma ii, 

1.    [Eng.]    One   whose   business   is  the 

from    j  arils  and   houses.     2. 

in  Dursery«lore,  the  spirit  of  sleep. — dust'y,  a.    [dtjbt'i-eb: 
hi  -i  'i  i    i  i    1.  Covered  with  or  as  with  dust.    2.  Of  the 
dnst'l-ly,  adt      dust'l-ness,  n. 
Dutch,  I  ■■  i ' .' ■  ■  1 1 ;  2  .lu'-h,  //.    1.  The  people  of  Holland,  or 
theii  ■;.   Loosely, 

German.]     Dutch  East  Indies, 

of  Sumatra,  Java.  New  Guinea,  t  eiehes,  liorneo,  etc.; 

736,400sq.m.;  pop.  38.000,000      l».    West    Indies.    Dutch 

i    (  uracao;     16,463  sq.  m.;   pop.    Ml. 000. — 

Dutch 'man,  n.    [Ddtch'men,  pi.]     1.  a  Hollander.    2.  A 

;       olloq.,  U.S.]  A  German  —  I)uteh'man's  = 

brieeb"r-,  n     A  low  woodland  herb  with  widely  spreading 

spurs  suggesting  the  name. 


1:?  =  final;    I  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;     lu  =  iered;    cliin;    go;    0  =  sires;    thin,    this,  dunce 

259        2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.       dysuria 


du'ty,  1  diii'ti;  2  du'ty,  n.  [du'ties2,  pi.]  1.  That  which 
one  is  bound,  by  any  natural,  legal, or  moral  obligation,  to 
pay  or  do.  2.  Specific  obligatory  service  or  function,  as 
of  a  soldier,  etc.;  as,  he  is  on  duty  at  headquarters.  3. 
The  obligation  to  do  that  which  is  prescribed  or  re- 
quired, especially  by  the  moral  law;  moral  obligation; 
oughtness.  4.  An  impost,  as  upon  imports.  5||.  A 
formal  expression  of  respect.     [  <  due.] 

Syn.:  accountability,  business,  function,  obligation,  office, 
responsibility,  right,  righteousness.  Etymologically,  duty  is 
that  which  is  owed  or  due;  obligation,  that  to  or  by  which  one 
is  bound;  right,  that  which  is  correct,  straight,  or  in  the  di- 
rect line  of  truth  and  goodness;  responsibility,  that  for  which 
one  must  answer.  Duty  and  responsibility  are  thought  of  as 
to  some  person  or  persons;  right  is  impersonal.  One's  duty 
may  be  to  others  or  to  himself;  his  obligations  and  responsi- 
bilities are  to  others.  Duty  arises  from  the  nature  of  things; 
obligation  and  responsibility  may  be  created  by  circum- 
stances, as  by  one's  own  promise,  or  by  the  acceptance  of  a 
trust,  etc.  We  speak  of  a  parent's  duty,  a  debtor's  obligation; 
or  of  a  child's  duty  of  obedience,  and  a  parent's  responsibility 
for  the  child's  welfare.  Right  is  that  which  accords  with  the 
moral  system  of  the  universe.  Righteousness  is  right  incar- 
nated in  action.  In  a  more  limited  sense,  right  may  be  used 
of  what  one  may  rightly  claim,  and  so  be  the  converse  of 
duly.  It  is  the  creditor's  right  to  demand  payment,  and 
the  debtor's  duty  to  pay.  Compare  business;  tax;  virtue. 
— du'te-ous,  a.  Rendering  due  respect  and  obedience; 
dutiful,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n.— du'tl-a-bKeP,  a.  Law.  Sub- 
ject to  impost. — du'ti-ful,  a.  1.  Performing  the  duties  of 
one's  position;  submissive  to  superiors;  obedient.  2.  Ex- 
pressive of  respect;  respectful.  Syn.:  see  good;  moral. — 
du'ti-ful-ly,  adfl.— du'tl-ful-ness,  n. 

du-um'vir,  1  diu-um'vsr;  2  du-um'vir,  n.  T-vi-ri,  1  -vi-rrii: 
2 -vi-ri.  or -virs,  1 -varz;  2  -virs..  pi.]  Rom.  Hist.  One  of 
two  magistrates  holding  an  office  jointly. — du-um'vi-ral, 
a.— du-um'vi-rate,  n.    du-um'vi-ra-cyi  [Rare]. 

D.  V.,  abbr.  [L.]  Deo  volenle  (God  being  willing). — d.  v.  p., 
abbr.  [I,.]  Deccssit  vita  palris  (died  during  his  [or  her]  fa- 
ther's life).  [Bohemian  composer;  Slabat  Mater. 

Dvofak,  1  dver'3ak;  2  dvor'zhiik.  Antouin  (1841-1904).   A 

dwarf,  1  dwerf;  2  dwarf.  IK  vt.  1.  To  keep  below  the 
natural  development;  stunt.  2.  To  cause  to  look  small 
by  comparison.  II.  a.  Smaller  than  others  of  its  kind; 
diminutive.  III.  n.  A  person,  animal,  or  plant  that  is 
unnaturally  small.  [<  AS.  dweorh.] — dwarfish,  a. 
Like  a  dwarf;  diminutive;  stunted. 

dwcl(lp,  1  dwel;  2  dwel,  vi.  [dwelt  or  dwelled,  dweld3; 
dwell'ing.]  1.  To  have  a  fixed  abode;  reside.  2.  To 
linger,  as  on  a  subject;  pause;  expatiate:  with  on  or 
upon.  3.  [Archaic  or  Obs.]  To  remain;  continue  in  a 
state  or  place.  [  <  AS.  dwellan,  caus.  of  dwelan,  be  dull, 
err.)    dwellet.    Syn.:  see  abide. 

— dwell'er,  re.     A  resident;  inhabitant. — dwell'ing,  n. 
A  residence;  domicil;  family  abode.   Syn.:  see  home;  house. 

Dwi'na,  1  dwl'na;  2  dwi'na,  re.  A  river  in  N.  Russia;  700  in. 
to  White  Sea.    Dvi'naJ. 

dwiti'dUe1",  1  dwin'dl;  2  dwin'dl,  vt.  &  vi.  [dwin'dl(e)dp; 
dwin'dling.]  To  waste  or  cause  to  waste  away;  dimin- 
ish, or  become  less;  decline.    [  <  AS.  dwinan,  pine  away.] 

dwlne,  1  dwain;  2  dwTn,  tn.  [Prov.  Scot,  or  Archaic]  To  pine 
or  waste  away;  languish,  dwynet.— dwlne,  re.— dwln'- 
Ing,  a.  [weekly  till  forbidden. 

dwt.,    abbr.      A    pennyweight.— dwtf.,    abbr.      Daily    [and) 

dy 'ad,  1  dai'ad;  2  dy'ad,  re.    A  pair  of  unite. 

dye,  1  doi;  2  dy,  p.  [dyed;  dyb'ing.]  I.  t.  To  color  by 
soaking  in  liquid  coloring-matter;  8 tain;  tinge.    II.  i. 

I.  To  absorb  liquid  color.  2.  To  follow  the  dyers'  trade, 
[<  AS.  dedgian,  ■     de&o,  dye,  color.]    Syn.:  see* stain. 

dye,  re.     1.  A  fluid  or  Coioring»matter  used  for  dyeing.     2. 

A  color  produced  by  or  as  by  dyeing;  hue.—  dye 'house", 
re.  A  building  where  dyeing  1b  done,  dye'ing,  re.  Theact, 
process,  or  trade  or  fixing  colors  i r t  cloth  or  i  he  like,     dy'er, 

II.  One  who  dyes,      dye'stulf",  re.    Material  for  dyeing. 

dyghtet,  v.    Same  as  dight. 

dy'ing,  1  doi'irj;  2  dy'ing,  pa.     1.  Departing  from  the 

present  life;  Dear  to  death;  expiring;  tailing;  closing.    2. 

Destined  to  death;  mortal;  perishable,    3.   Pertaining 

to  death;  given,  uttered,  or  manifested  just  before  death. 
dyke,  n.    Same  as  hike. 
dyn..  dynam.,  abbr.     Dynamics. 
dy-nam'c-ter,  1  dol-nam'i-tar;  2  dy-n&m'e-ter,  ».    A  dei  Ice 

for  measuring   the  magnifying  power  of   telescopes.     [< 

DYNAMOMETER.] 

dy-nam'ic,       )  1  dai-nam'ik,  -i-kul;  2  dv-nam'ic,  -i-eal, 
dy-naill'i-ral,  |  a.     I.  Pertaining  to  motion  as  the  re    nil 

of  force,  or  to  mechanical  fore.-  of  any  kind.  2.  Produc- 
ing or  involving  action;  efficient;  causal.  [•  Gr, 
dynamtkos,  powerful,   ■    dynamai,  be  able.]    -I-cal-ly,  adv 

dy-nain'les,  1  dtii-nam'iks;  2  d.v-nam'K  ,,  „      1.   /•/,„  ,, 
(1)  The  branch  of  mechanics  that  i  real    ,,i  il,,  ,i|,,t    ,,i 


forces  in  producing  motion  and  of  the  laws  of  the  mot  ion 
thus  produced.  (2)  The  science  that  treats  of  the  laws  of 
force,  whether  producing  equilibrium  or  motion:  ap- 
plied figuratively  to  spiritual  or  other  forces  and  activi- 
ties, dy-nam'ic  J.  2.  Mus.  The  branch  of  musical 
science  that  treats  of  the  powers  and  qualities  of  tones. 

dy'na-niite,  1  dai'na-mait;  2  dy'na-mit,  n.  An  explosive, 
composed  of  an  absorbent  saturated  with  nitroglycerin. 
[<  Gr.  dynamis,  power.]— dynamite  gun,  a  gun  firing  a 
projectile  filled  with  dynamite.— dy'na-mlf'er,  re. 

dy'na-mo,  1  dai'na-mo;  2  dy'na-mo,  re.  Elec.  A  machine 
for  converting  mechanical  power  into  electrical  energy 


a,  a,  field-coils;  6,  It,  field-magnets:  c,  armature;  d,  commutator;  e,  c,  brushes; 
/,  oiUcup;  g,  (j,  rocker.arms. 

in  the  form  of  current.  [Short  for  dynamoelectric 
machine.]— dy'na-mo=e-lec'tric,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  re- 
lation between  electricity  and  mechanical  force,  dy'na- 
mo=e-lec'tri-eali.— dy"na-moni'e-ter,  re.  An  instru- 
ment for  measuring  force  exerted  or  power  expended,  as  by  a 
machine. — dj'"na-mo-inet'rlc,  a.     -ri-calt. 

dy'nas-ty,  1  doi'nas-ti;  2  dy'nas-ty,  re.  [-tiesz,  pi]  A 
succession  of  sovereigns  in  one  line  of  family  descent. 
governing  the  same  country.  [<  Gr.  dynasteia,  < 
dynamai,  be  able.] — dy'nast,  re.  A  monarch;  ruler. — dy- 
nas'tlc,  -ti-cal,  a. 

dyne,  1  (lain;  2  dyn.  re.  The  fundamental  unit  of  force  in  the 
centimetcr=gram=second  system:  a  force  which,  applied  to  a 
mass  of  one  gram  for  one  second,  would  give  it  a  velocity 
of  one  centimeter. 

dyr'y-get,  re.    Same  as  dirge. 

dys-,  1  dis-;  2  dys-.  prefix.  An  inseparable  prefix  giving  or  aug- 
menting a  bad  meaning.  [  <  L.  dys-,  <  Gr.  dys,  hard,  bad.]— 
dys-cra'sl-a,  re.  Pathol.  A  depraved  condition  of  the  system 
and  especially  of  the  blood,  due  to  const  it  utlonal  disease;  gen- 
eral bad  health.  [4-  Gr.  krasis,  mixture]  dys 'erase  t; 
dys'cra-syt.  —  dys-cra'sl-al,  dys-cra'sic,  a.  —  dys-e'- 
ini-a,  re.  Pathol.  A  morbid  or  vitiated  condition  of  the 
blood.    [+  Gr.  haivia,  blood.]    dys-ae'ml-al . 

dys'en-tcr-y,  1  dis'en-ter-i ;  2  d.vs'en-ter-y,  n.  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  large  intestine;  bloody  flux;  diarrhea.  [< 
Gr.L+I'  dys-,  bad,  +  enlcron,  intestine.]  dj.s"en-ter'lc,  a. 
Pertaining  to  or  suffering  from  dysentery,   -l-calt. 

dys-pep'si-a,  1  dis-pep'a-a;  2  dys-pSp'si-a,  n.  Difficult 
or  painful  digestion,  generally  chronic.  I  <  Gr.1  dyspep- 
sia, -  dys-,  bad,  ]-  peptO,  cook.] — dys-pep'tic.  I. 'a.  1. 
Relating  to,  of  the  nature  of,  or  suffering  from  dyspepsia; 

hence,  morbid;  querulous.  2.  Tending  to  produce  dyspep- 
sia; indigestible,  dys-pop'tl-cal t.  II.  re.  A  dyspeptic 
person.-  dys-pcp'l  l-cal-ly,  adv. 
dysp-noe'a,  1  dlSD-nl'e;  2  dyep-ne/a,  rt.  Pathol.  Labored,  diffi- 
cult breathing;  asthma.  I  •  nys-  4-  Gr.  pint),  breathe.]  dysp- 
nc'at.    dysp-nce'al,  dyap-ne'al,  dysp-nee'le,  a    Relat 

ing  lo  or  suffering  from  dyspnoea. 

dys-pro'si-uni,  1  dis-pro'zi-um;  2  dys-pro'sl-um,  re.  A  metal 
bavlngthecharacterlstlcsoff  be  yttrium  metals  SeeELEMt  nt, 

ilj  s-ta\'l-a,  n.  Pathol.  Muscular  tremor,  resulting  from  dis- 
order of  thespinai  cord;  trembling  paralysis.  [<DY8-  I  Or, 
tassO,  arrange  I 

dys-tel"e-ol'o-gy,  l  dla-tel'i-el'o-ji;  2  dyB-tfiFe-dTo-gy,  n. 

l'hilits.  'I'he  doctrine  of  purposelcssiicss  or  of  I  he  absence  of 
a.   Una]   cause:   opposed    to  lil<uUiu\i,      |         DYS       I     Or.   ttlOS 

(tele-), end,  f  -ology.]    dys-telffe-o-log'I-caI,  «. 

dys-u'rl-a,  n.  Pathol.  Difficult,  painful,  or  Incomplete  urina- 
tion. [<  dyb-  +  Or.  ouron,  urine.]   dys'u-ryf.    dys-u'rlc, 

a.    Pertaining  to  dysuria. 


I  I  fl     net,  Ar;  full,  rfllo;   hrjt.liftrn; 

i  i     i  ■  .   I  -  e;   I  —  fl;  go.  not.  Ar.  «6n. 


260 


I 


C  r 


, 


i-  navMioa  part 

and 
tent  ■ 
I  In  hi- 


II 

■ 
I .  'i-  for 

battle. 

ism       Allt.:  a; 

'•  ■!.  unmindful. 
>r.  honor,  etc.; 

gl  r-n.  --. 

Hood  of  the  tide  In  an 

I  •  rge  diurnal  bird  of 

golden  eagle,  ranging 

wn  with  a  cowl  of 

i  iid       imeriean  eagle,  dark 

the  national 

\  alue  810, 

I. 

1  as  a 
I. 

minent.     (< 
,!it«l  like  an 

■men,  pi.]  Eng. 
ml)ly,  a  com- 
-leal  term.     1 
•  il  ili  r-inan:. 


a*.  u>  tar  the  land. 

■.in.     - 

I 


Human  Bar.  * 

•  1.1".'  wmi  or  jatmf  bj  wtich  »- m-A 
1  $.  trmjmaAt  — twin;  A.  I 
■  -.  «.  fmmmttitmv  toU;  j,  k.  I,  ».  1ifrr  owl- 
'•***.  ii^su.  aad  ptapM>,  K,  whkh  •outnl  If 
I*  -.  nafiboW;  n,  '.Tmi  window  Into  which 
"  ■■?  ti-.  tt»p».;  »,  r-AiM  wtod/i w;  p,  Mtni- 
«»».•  ■  «ls  TwMl- 

'.  tml*  tjmfti,  HOm  farmiaf  lh«  eoefaka. 

an  auricle    for    collecting  sounds. 
■•. nd   a  labyrinth  for 
as  of  t be  auditory  nerve. 


?.  Thi   tense  'if  hi-arinc;  especially,  nloe  perception  of 

i  ■     3.   Vttentn  e  oonaidi  ration .  heed     4. 

thing  like  the  external  ear,  us  a  projecting  piece. 

IS   sore,       Goth    au«o,  ear  ]     <<>  Ml 

In     I  In-    r.ir-,    i  I'.ir'aM,    a. 

Aural  •  >r  drop*,  n  An  earring  wltb  a  pendant;  ear* 
pendant  eat  dram.  The  tympanum  or  the  tympanic 
membi  earlaht,  o      auricular     ear-lap,  n.     The 

Up  nf  the  ear;   also,  an  eaMab.     ear  leas,  a      i  >• 
or  deprived  of  earn     car. lock.  >>.    The  i< •<•  k  of  tiair  curling 
<tt  near  the  ear;  a  love»lock      ear 'mark".  ■      tnown- 
irk  on  the  ear  of  an  animal;  any  mark  of  Identification. 
ear  in. irk".         i ..-     •■    in  earmark  on     ear-muff,  n. 
i  mi-  of  a  pair  of  adjustable  coverings  (or  the  ear,  wo 
protection  agalnat  cold     ear 'ring,  n.   a  ring  or  hook,  usu- 
.■  nil   pendant,  worn   at    the  ear     ear«dropt.     aar< 
-lull,  n      ah  ear»shaped  shell;  sea*ear.    Bee  ibaloni 
•  ir  -hut,  a.    The  distance  at  which  sounds  ma]  be  heard 
I  ir  tab,  n      a  oover  fur  the  ear,  to  protect  it  from  cold: 

usuall;.    fastened    tn  a   cap       iar  ■  t  ru  lnpot ,  n. 

An  Instrumenl  made  to  collect  and  oonoentrate 

sound:    used   by  the   deaf.—  ear>nai.    n.      A 
waxy  by  tin-  glands  lining 

-  of  the  external  ear.  -  ear'nlg", 

I.    An   insect  with    horny  wing-covers    and 
caudal    forceps:     popularly    believed   to  enter' 
the  human  ear     t.  [V.  BJ  A  small  centlped. 
•  t  Informer. 

ear--,  n.     The  fruit-bearing  part  of  a  cereal 
plant;  the  head,  as  of  wheat.     [  <  AS   ear.] 

ear'lng1,  1  ir'irj;  2  eVing,  n.    Naut.    A  small 

line  used  to  fasten  the  corners  of  a  sail      Earwig, 
or   awnings   to  a    yard    or    stanchion.      [  <    BAB1,    ».] 

ear'lng-,  n.     The  formation  of  ear-,  as  in  wheat. 

car'lng5  .  n.    A  plowing  of  land;  cultivation. 

earl,  1  1  Orl;  2  erl,  n.     A  member  of  the  British  nobility 

erlp,  )  next  above  a  viscount.  [  <  AS.  eorl,  man,  noble- 
man.]— earl  Mom,  n.  The  dignity,  prerogative,  or  territory 
of  an  earl. 

ear'ly,  |  1  Or'li;  2  er'ly.    I.  a.    [f.ar'li-er;  ear'li-est.]  1. 

er'ly p,  (  ( Iccurring  among  the  first  in  a  series.  2.  Being  or 
occurring  sooner  than  is  usual  or  necessary.  3.  About 
1. 1  In- or  happen;  soon  to  occur.  U.  adv.  At  or  near  the 
beginning  of  a  period  of  time.  [  <  AS.  xrlice,  adv.] — 
ear'll-er,  a.  —  ear'll-ness,  n. 

Ear'ly,  Jubal  Anderson  (1816-1894).  An  American  Con- 
f'  derate  general,  lawyer,  and  writer. 

earn1,  |  1  urn;  2  ern,  rf.    To  gain  as  a  just  recompense  by 

ernp,  (labor  or  exertion;  merit.  [<  AS.  earnian.] 
Syn.:  see  attain;  gain;  get;  obtain. 

— earn'lng,  n.     That  which  Is  earned:  compensation; 
wages:  commonly  In  the  plural.     Syn.:  see  salary. 

earn  ■,•'.&  rf.    To  long  for;  yearn. 

earn't,  rf.  <fc  rf.    To  trouble:  grieve;  mourn. 

earn,  n.    An  eagle;  as,  the  bald  earn.    l<  AS.  earn] 

ear 'nest,  I  1  oVnest;  2  6r'n6st,  a.    1.  Intent  and  direct 

er'nesf,  )  in  purpose;  zealous;  fervent:  of  persons.     2. 

Marked  by  deep  feeling  or  conviction;  heartfelt;  heart  v: 

of  words  or  acts.     3.  Requiring  careful  consideration; 

is;  important:  of  things.   Syn.:  sec  eager;  serious. — 

ear'nest-l>,  adr.  — ear'nest-ness,  n. 

ear 'nest1,  n.  1.  Seriousness;  reality;  as  opposed  to  pre- 
tense or  trifling.  2t-  Gravity.  [  <  AS.  eorness,  zeal.] — 
In  earnest,  with  full  and  serious  Intent;  real  and  In- 
tended. 

ear 'nest',  n.     1.  Money  paid  in  advance  to  bind  a  bar- 
rain.     2.  An  assurance  of  something  to  come;  pledge. 
'■'.  ernes,  pledge.]     Syn.:  see  security. 

earth',  1  OrCh;  2  erth,  r.    I.  t.    1.  To  bury  or  hide  in  the 

drive  into  the  earth.    2.  Hence,  to  bury  or  hide  in 

anything.     3.  Elec.  To  place  in  electrical  connection 

with  the  earth.    II.  i.     1.  To  go  underground;  burrow. 

2.  To  bank  up  flowers,  etc.,  with  earth. 

earth,  |  n.     1.  The  globe  on  which  we  dwell,  considered 

erth'',  |  as  a  whole:  distinguished  (1)  from  other  heavenly 
bodies  and  (2)  from  the  abode  of  departed  spirits  'i. 
The  solid  portion  or  surface  of  the  globe;  ground.  3.  Soil 
as  distinguished  from  rock.  4.  Those  who  inhabit  the 
globe;  the  world  at  large.  5.  The  hole  of  a  burrowing 
animal.  6.  Elec.  (1)  The  ground  that  forms  a  part  of 
an  electric  circuit.  (2)  A  fault  in  a  telegraphic  or  tele- 
phonic line,  caused  by  connection  of  the  conductor  with 


l:a=  final;    i  =  hablt;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    chin;    go;    n-siw;   thin,   this.  „.„„** 

261  2:  wplf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   611,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    tins.   feCCleSlastes 


the  ground;  also,  such  connection.  7.  Any  natural  soft 
soil,  as  clay  and  ocher.  8.  Chem.  An  earth-dike  metal- 
lic oxid,  as  alumina.  [<  AS.  eorthe.]  Syn.:  see  land.— 
earth '=bor"er,  re.  An  auger  for  boring  into  the  ground.— 
e.  shorn,  a.  1.  Born  out  of  the  earth;  of  earthly  origin.  2. 
Springing  from  earthly  or  temporal  considerations;  mean  or 
Ignoble.— e.sbound,  a.  Bound  by  the  earth;  controlled  by 
earthly  considerations  or  ties.— earth 'en,  a.  Made  of  earth 
or  of  burnt  clay.— earth 'en-ware",  re.  Pottery.— earth 'i- 
ness,  re.  The  Quality  of  being  earthy  or  like  earth. — earth '- 
ling,  re.  A  worldling  or  a  mortal.— earth 'ly,  a.  1.  Per- 
taining to  the  earth  or  to  the  present  world;  material;  secu- 
lar; worldly;  carnal.  2.  [Colloq.l  Possible;  imaginable;  as, 
of  no  earthly  use.— earth '11-ness,  n.  The  quality  of  being 
earthly;  grossness;  worldliness.— earth'nut",  re.  1.  The 
tuber  of  any  one  of  several  sedges.  2.  The  peanut.  3.  Either 
of  two  European  herbs  of  the  parsley  family. — earth '- 
quake",  n.  A  vibration  or  sudden  undulation  of  a  portion 
of  the  earth's  crust.— earth 'ward,  adv.  Toward  the  earth: 
opposed  to  heavenward.— earth  'work",  re.  A  fortification 
or  an  engineering  work  of  or  in  earth.— earth 'worm",  re. 

I.  A  burrowing  terrestrial  worm.  2.  Figuratively,  a  weak 
and  Insignificant  being.— earth 'y,  a.  1.  Of  or  pertaining 
to  earth  or  soil;  made  of  earth.  2.  Like  earth.  3.  Unrefined; 
coarse. 

ease,  1  Iz;  2  e?.    I.  vt.    [eased;  eas'ing.]    To  give  ease  or 
relief;  relieve;  lighten.     Syn.:  see  relax. 

II.  re.  1.  Freedom  from  agitation  or  perplexity;  tran- 
quillity; comfort.  2.  Freedom  from  apparent  effort; 
facility.  3.  Freedom  from  affectation  or  constraint. 
[<  OF.  aiser,  <  aise,  ease.] 

Syn.:  easiness,  expertness,  facility,  knack,  readiness.  Ease 
in  the  sense  here  considered  denotes  freedom  from  conscious 
or  apparent  effort,  tax,  or  strain.  Ease  may  be  either  of  con- 
dition or  of  action;  facility  is  always  of  action;  readiness  is  of 
action  or  of  expected  action.  One  lives  at  ease  who  has  no 
pressing  cares;  one  stands  at  ease,  moves  or  speaks  with  ease, 
when  wholly  without  constraint.  Facility  is  always  active; 
readiness  may  be  active  or  passive;  the  speaker  has  facility 
of  expression,  readiness  of  wit;  any  appliance  is  in  readiness 
for  use.  Ease  of  action  may  imply  merely  the  possession  of 
ample  power;  facility  always  implies  practise  and  skill;  any 
one  can  press  down  the  keys  of  a  typewriter  with  ease;  only 
the  skilled  operator  works  the  machine  with  facility.  Readi- 
ness in  the  active  sense  includes  much  of  the  meaning  of  ease 
with  the  added  idea  of  promptness  or  alertness.  Easiness 
applies  to  the  thing  done,  rather  than  to  the  doer.  Expert- 
ness applies  to  the  more  mechanical  processes  of  body  and 
mind ;  we  speak  of  the  readiness  of  an  orator,  but  of  the  ex- 
pertness of  a  gymnast.  See  comfort;  rest.  Compare  com- 
fortable ;  dexterity ;  power.  —  Ant.: annoyance,  awkward- 
ness, constraint,  difficulty,  discomfort,  disquiet,  irritation, 
perplexity,  trouble,  uneasiness,  vexation,  worry. 
— ease'ful,  a.  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  re. 
ea'sel,  1  i'zl;  2  e's.1,  n.    A  folding  frame  for  supporting  a 

picture.    [  <  D.  ezel,  ass,  easelj 
ease'ment,  1  Iz'ment  or-mant;  2  es'ment,  re.    1.  Law.  An  in- 
corporeal right  distinct  from  the  ownership  of  the  soil,  as  to 
running  water  or  free  air.    2.  Anything  that  gives  ease  or  re- 
lief. 
eas'l-ly,  1  Iz'i-li;  2  eg'i-ly,  adv.    In  an  easy  manner. 
eas'1-ness,  1  tz'i-nes;  2  es/i-n6s,  n.    The  state  of  being  at 
ease,  or  of  being  easy  to  do  or  accomplish.     Syn.:  see  ease. 
east,  1  1st;  2  est.     I.  o.     1.  Placed  or  being  at  the  east; 
eastern.    2.  Coming  from  the  east.     II.  n.    1.  Strictly, 
that  point  of  the  compass  at  which  the  sun  rises  at  the 
equinox,  but  in  common  parlance  including  the  part  of 
the  horizon  near  that  point.    2.  Any  region  to  the  cast- 
ward;  [E-]  the  Orient.  III.  adv.  In  an  easterly  direction. 
[<  AS.  east,  adv.,  in  the  east.]— east'er-ly,  a.    1.  Situated, 
moving,  or  directed  toward  the  east;  eastward.    2.  Coming 
from  the  east.— east'er-ly,  east'ern-ly,  adv.    Toward  the 
east.— east'ern,  a.    1.  [E-]  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  being  in  the 
East;  Oriental.    2.  Moving  to  or  from  the  cast;  easterly.— 
East'ern  Churrh,  see  Greek  Church.     East'ern-cr,  n. 
[Colloq.,  U.  S]  One  who  dwells  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
United  States.  — cast'ward.    I.  a.     Running  or  lending  in 
an  easterly  direction.     II.  adv.     Toward  the  cast,     easl'- 
ward-ly  t;  east'wardsj. 
East  Af'rl-ca  Pro-tec 'tor-ate.    A  territory  (2.r»0,()00sq.  m.t, 
forming,  with  the  Protectorates  of  Zanzibar  and  Uganda. 
British  East  Africa. 
East  An'gll-a,  1  ao'glt-a;  2  an'gll-a.     A  kingdom  of  Anglo- 
Saxon  England;  now  Norfolk  and  Suffolk  counties. 
East'er,  1  ist'ar;  2  est'er,  n.    1.  A  Christian  festival  <■'"" 
memorating  the  resurrection  of  Christ ;  also,  the  day  on 
which  it  is  celebrated.     2§.  The  Jewish  paSSOVer,     I  ■ 
AS.  easier,  <  Edstrc,  goddess  of  spring.]  —  East'er-tlde,  n. 
The  season  of  Easter. 
East  In 'dies,  1  lu'diz;  2  In'dls..    The  two  great  S.  Asian  penin- 
sulas and  adjacent  islands. 
East  Prus'sla,  1  prusli'a;  2  prush'a.     A  province  In  N.  E. 
Prussia;  14,780  sq.  m.;  pop.  2,064,000;  capital.  Konigsberg. 


eas'y,  1  Iz'i;  2  eg'y,  o.  [eas'i-er;  eas'i-est.]  1.  Not  in- 
volving great  exertion  or  difficulty.  2.  Free  from  dis- 
comfort or  anxiety;  comfortable.  3.  Possessed  cf  a 
sufficient  competence.  4.  Free  from  embarrassment  or 
affectation;  natural.  5.  Yielding;  indulgent.  6.  Gentle. 
7.  Com.  Not  straitened  or  tight,  as  money. 
eat,  1  it;  2  et,  v.  [ate  or  eat,  I  et;  2  St  (ate  is  some- 
times heard) ;  eat'en  (sometimes  eat)  ;  eat'ing.]  I.  t . 
1.  To  chew  and  swallow,  as  food;  take  in  as  nourish- 
ment. 2.  To  consume  or  corrode.  II.  i.  1.  To  take 
sustenance;  feed.  2.  To  gnaw  or  penetrate  something, 
as  by  corrosive  agency.  [<  AS.  etan.] — eat'a-blep. 
I.  a.  Fit  to  be  eaten;  edible.  II.  re.  Something  edible. — 
eat'er,  re.  feltht;  ethet. 

eath.  [Scot.  orObs.]  I.  a.    Easy.    II.  adv.    Easily,  eath'lyt; 
eau,  16;  2  6,  re.    [eadx,  1  o;2  6,  pi.}    [F.]    Water:  a  word  des- 
ignating various  perfumes,  cordials,  medicinal  waters,  etc. 
eaves,  1  Ivz;  2  ev§,  n.  pi.    The  projecting  edge  of  a  roof. 
[<  AS.  efese,  clipped  edge  of  thatch.]— eaves 'drop"',  vt.  & 
vi.    To  overhear,  or  try  to  overhear;  listen  clandestinely. — 
I    eaves 'drop"per,  re.— eaves'drop"plng,  re. 
ebb,  11  eb;  2  6b.    I.  vi.    To  recede,  as  the  tide;  decline: 
ebp,  J  fail.     II.  n.     1.  The  reflux  of  tide  water  to  tho 
ocean:  opposed  to  flood.     ebb'=tide"J.     2.  Decrease; 
decline.    [<AS.  ebba.]    Syn.:  see  abate. 
Eb"e-ne'zer,  1  eb"i-nl'zar;  2  eb'e-ne'zer.  n.    Any  memorial  of 

divine  deliverance.     /  Sam.  vii,  12. 
E'bers,  1  e'barz;  2  e'bers.,  Georg  (1837-1898).    A  German 

novelist  and  Egyptologist;  Homo  Sum. 
eb'on,  1  eb'an;  2  6b'on.     I.  o.     1.  Of  ebony.     2.  Very 
black.    II.  re.    Ebony.— eb'on-ite,  n.    Black  vulcanite, 
or  hard  rubber.— eb'on-ize  or  -Ise,  vt.    To  polish,  as  wood, 
in  Imitation  of  ebony. 
eb'o-ny,  1  eb'o-nr,  2  Sb'o-ny,  n.     [-niesz,  pi.]     A  hard, 
heavy  wood,  usually  black,  used  for  cabinetwork,  etc. 
[<  gV.l+f  ebenos,  prob.  <  Egypt,  habni.] 
Ebor.,  abbr.    [L.]    Eboracum  (York). 

e-brl'e-ty  ||,  1  i-brai'i-ti;  2  e-brl'e-ty,  re.  [-tiesz,  pi.]  Drunken- 
ness: inebriety.     [<   F.  ebricle(t-)s,   <   ebrtus,   drunken.]  — 
e"brl-os'i-ty§,  re.    Habitual  intoxication. 
E'bro,  1  i'bro  or  (Sp.)  e'bro;  2  e'bro  or  (Sp.)  e'bro,  n.    A  river 

in  N.  E.  Spain;  340  m.  to  Mediterranean. 
eb"ul-li'tion,  1  eb"u-lisVan;  2  eV'u-lish'on,  n.  1.  The 
bubbling  of  a  liquid;  boiling.  2.  Any  sudden  or  violent 
agitation.  [  <  L.LL  e,  out,  +  bullio,  boil.]— e-bul  'lient, 
a.  In  a  boiling  condition;  boiling;  hence,  enthusiastic,  -ly, 
adv.— e-bul  'Hence,  re.  e-bul 'llen-cyt. 
eb'urn-,  1  eb'urn-;  2  eb'urn-.  From  Latin  ebur,  ivory:  a  com- 
bining form. — eb'ur-naf'ed,  a.  Condensed  and  hardened 
like  bone.— eb-ur'ne-an,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  ivory. 
eb-ur'nl-ant.  [lished  Church. 

E.  C,  abbr.    Eastern  Central  (London  postal  district),  Estab- 
ec-,  prefix.    From;  out  of:  used  before  many  words  beginning 
with  a  consonant.    [L.,  <  Gr.  et-,  <  ek,  form  of  ex,  out,  be- 
fore a  consonant.! 
e"car"te',  1  e"kar"te';  2  e*ear"te',  n.    A  game  of  cards  for  two 
persons,  in  which  each  player  may  discard  (ecarter)  certain 
cards  and  draw  others.    [F.,  <  L.  ex,  out,  +  charta,  card1.) 
Ec-bat'a-na,  1  ek-bat'a-na;  2  ec-bat'a-na,  re.     Capital  of 

ancient  Media;  founded  700  B.  C;  modern  Ha"ma-dan'. 
Ec'ce  Ho 'mo,  1  ek'si  ho'mo;  2  Be'c5  hO'mo.  An  artistic  rep- 
resentation of  Christ  crowned  with  thorns.  [L.,  Behold  the 
Man:  the  words  used  by  Pilate,  John  xlx,  5.] 
CC-cen'tric,  1  ek-sen'tnk;  2  6c-c6n'tric.  I.  a.  1.  De- 
parting from  the  usual  custom  or  practise;  peculiar;  er- 
ratic. 2.  Not  in  the  center.  3.  Not  having  the  same  cen- 
ter; not  a  perfect  circle,  as  an  elliptical  orbit.  4.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  an  eccentric.  (In  senses  3  and  4  written 
also,  as  formerly  in  all  senses,  exccntrlc.)  5.  Not  having 
the  same  purpose.  6.  Pathol.  Remote  from  the  nervous 
center.  II.  re.  1.  Mcch.  A  disk  mount- 
ed out  of  center  on  a  driving'shaft, 
and  surrounded  by  a  collar  or  strap 
connected  with  a  rod,  giving 
theeffectofacrank»motion. 
2.  One  who  or  that  which 
is  eccentric.  [  <  Gr.  ek,  out 
of,  +  kenlron,  center.]  ec-f 
calj.  S.vn.:HeeiRRE(iULAR; odd; 
— ec-cen'trl-cal-ly,  adv.  —  eo-ccn- 
trlc'l-ly.re.     I-tikh*.  pi.]     I.  The  slate 

or  quality  of  being  eccentric;  oddity. 

2.  An  eccentric  odd,  or  capricious  act. 

3,  Midi.  The  distance  between  the 
centers  <>t  two  eccentric  circles  or  ob- 
jects,   cx"ceii-trlc'l-(j  t. 

Eccl..     Eccles.,    diihr .      EScclesIastes.       ,..,,<,  i"  Hi, 
cod.,     eccles.,    nhhr.      Ecclesiastic,  a uar,  c. 

eccle  li  .  .  .  ,     , 

Ec-clc"s!-as'<es,  1  .-Kli"zi-as'tl/.;  2  e-elB'st-as'tSB.,  "•     A  book 
In  the  Bible  by  Jewish  tradition  ascribed  to  Solomon. 


Eccentric. 

<•  <li.,k.  ./     le    eocpntrl- 
fllod  bj  ll»-  k«ji  '    '" 

Hlmfl,     f,     mi'l     rntnrr 

iment  <>f  the  »ti»ft  Im- 
part! a  MOlprontlng 


I  i         .i  t       "     <•      full,  rftli- :   l.nl.  I.Orn; 

.         .  ii         i  I  1.11,  mil,  Or,  won.    'iW> 


I 


,  "" 

1 .1 

}  -cbl"no- 

i-'mi-, 

•  !■!-    i.        i.  • 

1 1 

i  "i-iK.I  'de-.i. 

•  -nl,  /■'.] 

luctioo 

-in  * . 

Bavaria; 


I. 
ec-lec'tl-cal   .     II. 

..-i.i   ii-i  Ism, 
l. 


i  i' 


■;obacun      II. 

oly  body 


mother  bodj .  oi  »  ben  the 

'  i  i lie  mi.  i  wnti. .ii  oi  tin-  moon 

i 

II  .1  ..f  ■■■  rl:.ln  radical 
i-i  lip   I  lc,    1    i  klip  lik;  2  .  ■  .li|.  I. 

to   the  ecliptic     II.  i      ■       (1)1  hal 

I  ili>.  -mi,  whicl - 

■  ii..-  earth.     (2)  The  appan  m  path  ol 
phere. 
..  log,      1 1  ek'loi  '  pastoral  poem; 

ii  'loEue,  i  ■  i.  | 

i-nii  'n-it) ,  )  1  i-kel  1.  The  bra 

breeding,  and  organlo 
adaptation;  bionomics.  3.  The  division  of  botan]  treating  ol 
the  relations  between  vegetable  organisms  and  their  environ- 
ment ec'u-lcig'lc.  -l-«al, 

o-log'l-cal-lv,  e-col'o-glst,  n. 

Boon  imli   .  economist,  economy, 

e-con'o-my,  1  i-kon'o-m  my,  n.    [-miss*,  pf.l 

I.  I  ii  position    i"   Bave;   frugnlitj       '.'.    >  h<  ipness  "i 

:  pn.ilnriii.il.    :{.  Practical,  systematic  man- 
ent  ol  tne  affairs  of  :i  household,  "i  Bociotj 
ill.,  state;  as,  domestic  ■  t. 

;.h.\  Bystem  of  regulations  and  ceremonies. 
a  mage.]  Syn.: 
ec"o-nom'Ic, ...    I.  Relat- 
ing ii>  economics,  to  mom  oi  to  the  meai 

methods  of  living  well,    'i.  Economical      ec"o-n 'l-cal, 

i.  i  areful  and  provident;  frugal;  prudent.   I.  i  conomlc 
S.vn.;   see   prudent.      ee"o-nom'l-cal-ly,  eco- 

nomics,        i    ■   Bciencethat  treats  of  the  productlc 
distribution  ot  wealth;  political  economj      e-con'o-mlst, 
l.  ....  ..  ii  in  economics    'l.  A  manager  of 

tic  or  pecuniar]  resources.     S.  One  who  Is  careful  and 
thrifty    in    management,       e-con'o-mlse    or    -mlse, 

i.       'i  ■■   .  •■  economically  or  thriftily. 

II.  |.  To  be  frugal  or  economical.   Syn.:  see  bbtbxnch. 
(■"cr:i"M'iir\  1  f'"kru"zfir':  2  e'era'sur',  n.    a  surgical  Instru- 
ment for  removing  tumors,  etc.,  without  effusion  of  blood. 
IF.,  < 

6"cru',   1   c'knV  or  cl.'rii;  2  6"eru'   OT  ei'ru.      I.  n.      I.I   ii 
bleached,    'i-  Having  the  color  of   unbleached  linen  or  of 
hemp.    II.  n.    The  color  of  unbleached  linen;  a  light^yeliow- 
l-.li  brown. 
ec'sta-S] ,  1  ■       be-si;  2  eVsta-sy,  n.    |-mksz,  ;>/  ]    1.  Rap- 
turous excitement,  exaltation,  rapture,    '■!. 
In  mysticism,  the  si  ite  ol  trance  supposed  to 
yiiiny    inspiration,      3  .    Madness.      [<    G 
trance.]    Syi:                                                  iaptubi      ee- 
-t:.i  'lc,  a,   Pertaining  to  or  of  the  nature  of  ecstasy;  trans- 
tured   ec-stat'i-calt.  — ec-stal  'i-cal-lj ,  «</  ■■ . 
cc'to-,  I  1  ek'to-,  ckt-:  2  Se'to-,  Bet-     Prom  Greek  eklos, 
<•<■(-.      ( without,  outside  (<  efc,  out):  combining  forms. 
.-1  1.1-1 .         1  hi  outer  wall  of  ;i  cell.    [ 
bud.]-  cc"ti)-hlas'tic.    a.    ee'to-derm,    n.     The   outer 
layer  ol  the  Integument  of  an  organism.    [  •    <.r.  derma, 
ee-tog'e-noas,  a.    Having  the  power  of  develop- 
without  the  host:  aald  ol  parasitic  organisms,  as  bac- 

[dor. 
B.C.  U.,abbr.    English  Church  Union. — Ecua.,  abbr. 
Ec'ua-dor,  1  ek'wa-dSr;  2  eVwa-ddr,  n.   A  republic  (110,000 

:  pop.  1,323,900)  In  South  America;  capital,  Quito. 
i'c"i]-iiien'i-cal,  1  ek*yu-men'i-kal;  2  ee"yu-men'i-eal,  a. 
pertaining  to  the  habitable  world,  or  to  the  Chris- 
tian church  throughout  the  world;  universal.    [<c,r.oikou- 
hole  world.  <oikeO,  Inhabit.]  ec"u- 
men'lc  ;  oee"u-men'lct;  o»e"u-men'l-caIt. 
cr'/o-iiia,  1  '  l.'/.i-iii..;  2  ;■*■'/.'  -ma,  n.     An  inflammatory 
■  of  the  skin  attended  by  itching.    [  <  Gr.  ekzema, 

ii  1    ec-zem'a-tous,  a. 

-.•I.      .  x.    Termination  (1)  of  the  past  tense,  and  (2)  of  the 

participle  of  regular  verbs  and  analogous  adjectives. 

■  -'. .  a  reduced  form  of  dyde, 

do,  preceded  bj  a  verbal  formative.    (2)  <  AS. 

-  id,  an  adj.  and  pp.  suffix.]  [edition. 

M..  Eds.,   pl.j    Editor.— ed.,  edit.,  abbr.     Edited, 

e-da 'clous,   I  bus,  a.     Given  to  eating; 

Ing.     [<    L.  edax,   <   edo,  eat.] — c-da'- 

c-ltui  — 1\,   /   ■       e-dac'1-ty,  n.     Excess  in  eating;  voracity; 

gluttons      e-da'clous-ni 

Kd'da.  :  Either  of  two  collections  of  Icelandic 

:    TheEldei  I  -')  The  Yowig- 

7fi    1.'  11.. 

ed'dlsh,  1  ed/rah;  2  6d'lsh,  n.  [Prov.  Eng.]  The  aftermath; 

tubble-fleld.    [<  AS.  edlsc]    ar'ilslit; 

ead    1 

ed'dy,  1  ed'i;  2  8d'y.    I.  tt.  &  vi.    [ed'died;  ed'dt-ino.) 

To  move,  or  cause  to  move,  in  or  as  in  an  eddy.    II.  n. 


l-a=  final;    i  =  hablt;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  ning;    thin,   this,  ecclesiastic 
263    2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   mk;    thin,    this.      Jb.  1,.  r.  ». 


[ed'dies2,  pi.]  A  circling  current,  as  of  water;  a  turning 
aside;  diversion.     [<  Ice.  idha,  <  idh-,  back.]     Syn.:  see 

STREAM. 

Ed'dy,  Mrs.  Mary  Baker  Glover  (1821-1910).  An  American 
religious  leader;  founder  of  the  Christian  Science  movement. 

e'del-weiss,  1  e'del-vais;  2  e'del-vls,  re.  A  small  perennial  al- 
pine herb  of  the  aster  family.    [G.,  < 
edcl,  noble,  +  weiss,  white.] 

e-de'ma,  1  l-di'ma;  2  e-de'ma.  n.  Pathol.  ^ 

Dropsy.      [<   Gr.   oidema,  swelling.    <    £W<w«  ~~ 
credos,  swelling.]    ce-de'mal.— e-dem'-   "W-j/f'j 
a-tous,  a.  Dropsical.  a?-dem'a-tousl.     ^Jjf^^'   * 

E'den,  1  i'dn;  2  e'dn,  re.  The  garden 
that  was  the  first  home  of  Adam  and 
Eve;  hence,  any  delightful  region  or 
abode;  paradise.  [<  Heb.LL  eden, 
pleasure.] 

e-den'tate,    1    I-den'tet;    2  e-den'tat.         Edelweiss. 

1.  a.     Toothless.     II.  n.    A  toothless 

animal,  as  a  sloth.  [<  L.  e,  out,  +  den(t-)s,  tooth.]  — 
E"den-ta'ta,  re.  pi.  An  order  of  mammals,  Brula,  in- 
cluding ant=eaters.  sloths,  and  armadillos.— e-den'tu-lous, 
a.     Having  no  teeth,     e-den'ta-lousf ;   e-den'tu-latel. 

E-des'sa,  1  l-des'a;  2  e-des'a,  re.  An  ancient  city  between 
Aleppo  and  Diarbekr,  Turkey.— E-des'san,  a. 

edge,  1  ej ;  2  6dg.  l.vt.&vi.  [edged;  edg'ino.]  1.  To 
sharpen;  incite.  2.  To  put  an  edging  on.  3.  To  move 
little  by  little,  or  carefully,  edgewise,  or  as  if  edgewise; 
move  on  the  edge.  4.  To  dress  or  trim  the  edge  of.  5. 
To  draw  or  move  sidewise;  sidle.  II.  n.  1.  The  thin, 
sharp  cutting  part  of  a  blade;  sharpness;  acuteness.  2. 
A  border;  margin.  [<  AS.  ecg.)  Syn.:  see  bank;  bound- 
ary; margin—  edge 'stool",  re.    1.  Any  sharp  cutting  tool. 

2.  Any  dangerous  or  mischievous  matter. — edged,  a.  Hav- 
ing an  edge;  sharp.— edge 'less,  a.— edg'ing,  re.  1.  Any- 
thing serving  as  or  attached  to  an  edge.  2.  The  dressing  or 
ornamenting  of  edges.— edge'wise.  I.  a.  Having  the  edge 
directed  forward.  II.  adv.  With  the  edge  forward;  in  the 
direction  of  the  edge,    edge'wayst. 

Edge'hill,  1  ej'hil;  2  cdg'hil,  re.  A  ridge  in  S.  Warwickshire, 
England;  first  battle  of  the  English  Civil  War,  1642. 

Edge'worth,  1  ej'warfh:  2  edg'worth,  Maria  (1767-1849). 
An  English  novelist;  Castle  Hackrent. 

ed'i-bl(ep,  1  ed'i-bl;  2  ed'i-bl.  I.  a.  That  may  be  eaten; 
fit  to  eat.  II.  n.  Something  suitable  for  food.  [<L.LL 
edo,  eat.]— ed"i-bil'i-ty,  re— ed'i-ble-ness,  re. 

e'dict,  1  I'dikt;  2  e'dict,  re.  A  proclamation  of  command 
or  prohibition;  an  ordinance;  a  decree.  [OF.,  <  L.  e, 
out.  +  dtco,  say.]   Syn.:  see  law. 

ed'i-fice, )  1  ed'i-fis;  2  ed'i-fic,  re.     An  important  struc- 

ed'i-flss,  )  ture;  a  building.  [<  L.F  cedes,  building,  + 
facio,  make.]     Syn.:  see  house. 

ed'i-fy,  1  ed'i-fai;  2  Pd'i-fy,  vt.  &vi.  [-fied;  -fy"ing.]  To 
build  up,  as  in  morals  or  religion;  improve.  [<  L.F 
xdifico;  see  edifice.]— ed"i-n-ca'tion.  re.  The  act  of  edi- 
fying, or  the  state  of  being  edified;  instruction  or  enlighten- 
ment—ed'i-fl"er,  re—  ed'i-fy"ing,  pa.    -ly,  adv. 

e'dile,  1  i'dail;  2  t-'dil,  re.  A  magistrate  of  ancient  Rome  who 
had  charge  of  public  lands,  buildings,  etc.  [  <  L.  sedilis,  < 
sedes,  building  ]  ae'dilet.— e'dile-shlp,  se'dile-shlp,  re.— 
c-dU'i-an,  ac-dll'i-an,  a. 

Fdin..  abbr.     Edinburgh. 

Ed'in-burgh,  1  ed'in-bur-o;  2  ed'in-bur-o,  re.  The  capital 
city  of  Scotland  (pop.  327,000) ;  seat  of  Edinburgh  Uni- 
versity, one  of  the  centers  of  British  learning;  chartered, 
1582.  —  Ed'in-burgh-shlre,  re.  A  county  in  E.  Lowlands, 
Scotland. 

Ed'l-son,  1  ed'i-san;  2  Bd'i-son,  Thomas  Alva  (1847-  ). 
An  American  investigator  and  inventor  in  the  field  of  elec- 
tricity; invented  the  incandescent  light,  kinetoscope,  phono- 
graph, etc. 

ed'it'l,  1  ed'it;  2  6d'it,  vt  1.  To  oversee  the  preparation  of 
for  publication;  conduct,  as  a  periodical.  2.  To  prepare 
for  use  by  compiling,  arranging,  emending,  etc.  f  <  L. 
ediius,  pp.  of  edo,  give  out.]  e-dl'tlon,  re.  A  special  Issue 
of  a  literary  work ;  also,  the  number  ol  copies  Issued  a1  one 
time-  ed'l-tor,  re.  one  who  edits;  one  having  cbarge  ol  a 
publication.— cd"l-to'ri-al.  I.  a.  of  or  pertaining  to  or 
emanating  from  an  editor.  II.  re.  An  editorial  article.— 
ed'l-tor-shlp,  n.    The  office  and  duties  ol  an  editor. 

Ed'mon-ton,  1  ed'man-ten;  2  ed'mon-ton,  n.  A  town;  capi- 
tal of  Alberta  province,  ( lanada;  i»m>.  25,000. 

Ed'mund,  1  ed'mund;  2  ed'mund,  n.  I.  Saint  (841  870), 
king  of  Easi  Anglla;  martyred  by  Danes.  '■■  E.  II.,  "Iron- 
side" (981    L016),  king  of  England. 

E'dom,  i  I'dem;  2  B'dom,  n.  I.  Later  name  of  Esati  (Gen. 
sxv,  30).  2.  Idumsa,  a  region  8.  ol  Moab  (Num  \\.  I  I  11) 
— E'dom-ite,  ».  a  descendant  ol  Esaul  or  an  Inhabitant 
of  i.iIiiim      E'doiii-IC'Isli,  a 

E.  I).  S.,  nbhr.     English  Dialect  Society. 

ed'll-cate,  1  ej'u-|or  ed'yu-]kot;  2  cj'u-[ot  ed'yu-]cat,  vt. 
I-CAT'^d*1;  -cat"ing.1    To  leach  ami  discipline,  so  as  to 


develop  the  natural  powers;  develop  and  train  for  some 
special  pursuit;  instruct.  [  <  L.  educatus,  pp.,  <  e,  out, 
+  duco,  lead.]  Syn.:  see  teach. — ed'u-cat"ed,  pa.  Devel- 
oped and  informed  by  education;  instructed;  trained.    Syn.: 

see  INTELLIGENT. 

ed"u-ca'tion,  1  ej"u-[or  ed"yu-]kc'.<Chen;  2  ej"u-[or  gd"- 
yu-]ea'shon,  n.  1.  The  systematic  development  and 
cultivation  of  the  natural  powers,  by  inculcation,  exam- 
ple, etc.  2.  Instruction  and  training  in  an  institution 
of  learning.  3.  The  result  of  such  instruction  and  train- 
ing. 4.  The  training  of  animals.  5.  The  culture  of  bees, 
bacteria,  etc. 

Syn.:  breeding,  cultivation,  culture,  development,  disci- 
pline, information,  instruction,  knowledge,  learning,  nur- 
ture, reading,  schooling,  study,  teaching,  training,  tuition. 
Education  (L.  educere,  to  lead  or  draw  out)  is  the  systematic 
development  and  cultivation  of  the  mind  and  other  natural 
powers.  Education  is  the  harmonious  development  of  all 
our  faculties.  It  begins  in  the  nursery,  and  goes  on  at  school, 
but  does  not  end  there.  It  continues  through  life,  whether 
we  will  or  not.  Instruction,  the  impartation  of  knowledge  by 
others  (L.  instruerc,  to  build  in  or  into) ,  is  but  a  part  of  edu- 
cation, often  the  smallest  part.  Teaching  is  the  more  famil- 
iar and  less  formal  word  for  instruction.  Training  refers  not 
merely  to  the  impartation  of  knowledge,  but  to  the  exercis- 
ing of  one  in  actions  with  the  design  to  form  habits.  Disci- 
pline is  systematic  and  rigorous  training,  with  the  idea  of 
subjection  to  authority  and  perhaps  of  punishment.  Tuition 
is  the  technical  term  for  teaching  as  the  business  of  an  in- 
structor or  as  in  the  routine  of  a  school;  tuition  is  narrower 
than  teaching,  not,  like  the  latter  word,  including  training. 
We  speak  of  the  teaching,  training,  or  discipline,  rather  than 
of  the  education  or  tuition  of  a  dog  or  a  horse.  Compare 
knowledge;  learning;  nurture;  refinement;  wisdom.— 
Ant.:  ignorance,  illiteracy.  Compare  synonyms  for  ignorant. 
— ed"u-ca'tion-al,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  education. 
-ly,  adv.— ed"u-ca'tlon-a-ry,  a.— ed"u-ca 'tlon-ist,  re. 
One  versed  in  educational  theories. — ed'u-ca-tiv(es,  a. — 
ed'u-ca"tor,  re.    A  teacher. 

e-duce',  1  l-diiis';  2  e-duc',  vt.  [e-duced'*;  e-duc'ing.]! 
To  call  forth;  draw  out;  deduce;  evoke.  [  <  L.  e,  out,  + 
duco,  lead.]— e-du'ci-bl(ep,  a. — e'duct,  re.  1.  That  which 
is  educed;  something  brought  out  or  developed  from  another. 
2.  Outcome.— e-duc 'tion,  re.— e-duc'tiv(es,  a.— e-duc'- 
tor,  re.    One  who  or  that  which  educes. 

e-dul 'co-rate,  1  l-dul'ko-ret;  2  e-dul'co-rat,  vt.  [-RAT"EDd; 
-rat"ing.1  To  correct  the  acidity  or  acridity  of,  as  salts, 
etc.,  by  washing  with  water.  [<  E-  +  LL.  dulcoratus,  pp.  of 
dulcoro,  sweeten,  <  L.  dulcis,  sweet.] — c-dul"co-ra'tlon,  re. 
— e-dul  'co-ra-tiv(es,  a. 

Ed 'ward,  1  ed'werd;  2  ed'ward,  re.  1.  One  of  various  sov- 
ereigns of  England,  notably:  (1)  E.  "the  Confessor"  (1004- 
1066),  a  king  of  England;  rebuilt  Westminster  Abbey.  (2) 
E.  I..  "Longshanks"  (1239-1307),  a  king  of  England:  con- 
quered Wales;  acknowledged  Lord  of  Scotland  by  John  de 
Baliol  and  other  claimants  to  the  Scottish  throne.  (3)  E.  II. 
(1284-1327).  a  king  of  England;  defeated  by  Bruce  at  Ban- 
nockburn,  1314;  murdered.  (4)  E.  III.  (1312-1377),  a  king 
of  England;  defeated  the  Scots  and  the  French.'  (5)  E.  IV. 
(14  12-14.s:{),  a  king  of  England;  overthrew  the  Lancastrians. 
(6)  E.  V.  <1470?-1483),  a  king  of  England;  murdered  in  the 
Tower.  (7)  E.  VI.  (1537-1553),  a  king  of  England:  during 
his  reign  the  Reformation  progressed,  (8)  E.  VII.,  "the 
Peacemaker"  (1841-1910),  a  king  of  England,  statesman  and 
diplomat,.  2.  E.,  the  Black  Prince  (1330-1376),  Prince  of 
Wales;  fought  at  Crecy  and  Poitiers. 

Ed'wards,  l  ed'wardz;  2  ed'wards.  Jonathan  (1703-1758). 

An  American  theologian  and  metaphysician 

Ed 'win,  1  ed'win;  2  fid'win,  re.  (583-033.)  King  of  Norfh- 
umbria;  accepted  (  hrist  ianify. 

-ee',  suffix.  Found  chiefly  in  law  terms,  denoting  the  recipient 
of  something;  as  payee,  grantee,  etc.:  opposed  to  -er  or  -or,  as 
in  payer,  grantor.    |  <  OF.  -«,  fern,  -ee,  <  L.  -alus,  -ate.] 

-ee2,  siij/iz.    A  diminutive  ending,  as  in  goalee. 

E.  E-,  abhr.  Early  English.  Electrical  Engineer,  Ells  English, 
errors  excepted.  — E.  E.  &  M.  P.,  abbr.  Envoy  Extraordi- 
nary   and    Minister  ^ ...---  . ; 

Plenipotentiary. 

eel,  1  il;  2  el,  re.     I.* 
A     fish    without 
ventral  fins  and  of 
elongated     snake' 

like    form.       2.    An 

eel-like  fish,  as  a  lamprey. 

A   form  of  eel  catching    ha.skct 
an  eel-like  body,      eel  lllol  lier  ',. 
ecu,  1  in;  2  ''".  "■  '''    I*1'"1  I    Eyes. 

e'en,  adv.    Same  as  oven:  a  contraction. 

e'er,  i  ftr;  2  Sr,  adv.   Same  as  ever:  a  contraction. 

ee'ry.  i  i'n;  2  8'ry,  o.   [Scot]   I .  Inspiring  tear  or  awe;  weird. 

2.  Affected  by  tear;  awed.     ee'rle|.      ee'rl-ness,  re, 
E.  E.  T.  S*i  abbr.    Early  English  Text  Society, 


Common  Eel. 
Vio 


I 


\ 

<  AS.  sel.]-  eel'«pot",  n. 

eel  pout,  n.     A  llsh  with 


1  .         ..  |6;   not.  fir;  full,  rule;  luit,  born; 

,      ,  f|  i     i         i      0;  I  -  6;  gfl,  not,  6r,  wAn,  'i«4 


am 

n»l< 


- 
.  II  .    .  I<    .      . 

.  nut,    • 

ito,  finish, 
■i   pin  In 

■ 

il  that  la 

her  to  the  final 
ci  i  in-  concluding 

i  ■ 

immonly 

.  in  one's 

rapture  of  the 

ills  com- 

MIKI 

ef-fee'- 

.i-t.i   hi  e  .  I,      Producing, 
II.        i  ine  in  for 

-li .  -iirw.         ef-fec'tu-ml, 

.ll.i  '  I  ii-:tl-M<  cf-fee'tll- 

■  Sect. 
I . 

■  ncy.     3.  The 
I .    '    tivc  operation; 
.'•.  I  Mowing  in.     6.   pi 

wi.rk  pcrfon 

.     PRODUCT. 

i .  Something  fitting  or  be- 
: 

i'i-n&4      1.  vt.  &  ri. 

t  become  womanish 

II.         Bavins  womanish  traits 

woman  ) 

i -f-fi-in  'l-na-fj,  n. 

anlshneas.     ef-feiu'l- 

•    l-f.    Ml     l-II  ll.  -Ill  --. 

n.    a  title  of  respect;  sir  or 


I         carrying  or  carried 
hi 

pond.    [<  L.  effcro, 
bring.] 

■  f    f.  :- 

i  way  in 

'.••■.-. 

.  boil.] — ef"- 
Iquld  from  i 

.  Pfer-Teu'cen- 
rent,  Ing      ef"fcr-\e-.'el- 

.t  and  incapable  of 
: .  barren.     [  <  L.  ex,  out, 

~ 

•  (   i  .-i  i  .  Iouh-I)  .  effi-ra'- 

-  ••.  produce  an  effect; 

I.    Acting,  or 

'!.  Produc- 

ppi    of 

II  ll  BUCh 

' 

'  ...  hl>  h  an 

! 

ay  be  active  or 
may  continue  la'  i  rj'.nual  result;  as,  a 


ntrdlci  against  fever.    A  person  may  be  said  to 

in  general  character  or  action;  as,  an  efficient 

bo  mn    tx  ."iii.  .i  .  >'■  - .'".  in  some  spoolal  re- 
lation ...ill,  Illlllllll- 

jiiii  ■  ii.  iitiii.'.  Industrious,  sagaolous,  and  alert;  s  man  may 
i.,.  :,,  ikei  ..ii  occasion  who  Is  do)  efficient  In 

ordinary  life     Efficacious  and  effectual  are  nol  used  <>f  per- 
\nt    awkward,  dull,  feckless,  feeble,  fruitless,  Idle, 
Ineffective,  Ineffectual,  Inofflcaolous,  Inefficient,  Inoperative, 
,  remiss,  unavailing,  usoless,  vain. 

el-h  cleii-r)  ,   n       1.  The  character  uf  being  illlilrnl . 

:.    \feci     rhe  ratio  of  effect  produced  to  the 

tided    I'f-U'eleiicet.    Syn.:  see  miii.itv;  POD  t  u 

ef-fl'clent-l] , '"/<. 

cf-fl'clentt        i.  \  qualified  r^ersoni  as  a  properly  drilled 

British  volunteer  'J.  inefficient  cause.  I,  Math.  A  fuel  or. 

ef-tiu'i-.-  .  ■      \n  effljp     [I.  1 

«-f 'tl-g>.  L  ef'i-jt; S  rt'i-i-y,  a.    |-i ;i i «*,  p2 1    l.  A  Bgure  rep- 
i  oulptured  figure  01  a  head  on  u 

coin  '-•  \  stuffed  figure  made  t"  represent  some  ob- 
noxious person.  [•  L  ..''',,  ,  < ix, out,  -[/"iii", form.] 
Syn  :  sec  im  • 
ef-fia'tion.  i  e-fWsnan;  2  ft-flft'shon,  n.  That  which  Is  blown 
or  breathed  forth;  an  emanation.  [-:  I.,  afflatus,  pp.  of  efflo, 
■  u.  out,  +  //".  blow  ] 
efflo-resre',  1  eflo-res'j  2  8f*lo-reV.  ri.  [-rebced;  hebc'- 
imi  |  1.  TO  blossom,  bloom,  ur  lliwcr.  2.  Chrm.  To 
become  powdery  and  lose  crystalline  structure.  [<  I/. 
83- lntem  •  flOTCO,  blOSBOm.]  efllo-rcsYence,  n.  1.  The 
act  or  result  of  efflorescing.  '-.  Hni.  The  time  or  act  of  flow- 
ering. >■  I'liDmi.  A.  cutaneous  rash,  cfflo-res'ccii-cyi.— 
<.f"iio-res'cent.  a,  1.  Blossoming  out;  blooming.  ~z.  Chem. 
table  in  effloresce.  (2)  Assuming  the  form  of  white 
threads  nr  powder. 

efflu-ence,  1  eflu-ens;  2  cflu-enc,  n.  A  flowing  out; 
emanation  [<  L.  ex.out,  +fluo,  flow]  ef'flu-en-cyt. 
—  ef'flu-ent,  a.  &  n. 

ef-tlu'vl-um,  1  e-fin'vl-um;  2  S-flq'vl-um.  n.  [-vi-a,  pi.]  An 
Invisible  emanation;  especially,  a  noxious  or  Ill-smelling  ex- 
halation from  decaying  matter.  [L.]— ef-flu'vl-al,  a.  ef- 
flu'vl-ous}. 

efflux,  1  ef'luks;  2  ff'luks,  n.  An  outflow;  effluence; 
ition.  [<  L.  effluxus,  pp.  of  effluo,  <  ex,  out,  -f- 
flun.  How.] 

ef-flui'lon,  le-fluk'.sTi8n:2S-fluk'shon,  n.  1.  A  flowing  forth; 
hence,  lapse,  as  of  time.    £.  An  Issue. 

effort,  1  ef'ert;  2  ff'ort,  n.  1.  A  voluntary  exertion  of 
power;  strenuous  endeavor;  attempt.  2.  A  result  or 
display  of  consciously  directed  power;  an  achievement. 
[F.,  <  eJTorcer,  <  L.  ex.  out,  -|-  fortts,  strong.]  Syn.:  see  en- 
deavor; INDUSTRY. 

ef-fronf  'er-y,    )  le-frtmt'er-i;2e-fr6nt'5r-y,n.  [-er-ies*, 
ef-f runt 'er-y1',  J  pi.]    Insolent  assurance;    audacity;  im- 
pudence.   [<  l..Fcx.  out.  ■+■  fron(i-)s,  forehead.] 

Syn.:  assurance,  audacity,  boldness,  brass,  hardihood.  Im- 
pudence, Insolence,  shamelessness.  Awinriiu.  in  'be  sense 
birr  considered,  Is  a  reckless  defiance  of  law,  decency,  public 
opinion,  or  personal  rights,  claims,  or  views,  approaching  the 
meaning  of  impudence  or  shamelessness,  but  always  carrying 
the  thought  of  the  personal  risk  that  one  disregards  in  such 
defiance;  the  merely  impudent  or  shameless  person  may  take 
nn  thought  Of  consequences;  the  audacious  person  recognizes 
and  recklessly  braves  them.  Hardihood  defies  and  disregards 
the  rational  Judgment  of  men.  Effrontery  (L.  effrons,  bare- 
faced, shameless)  adds  to  audacity  and  hardihood  the  special 
element  Of  defiance  of  considerations  of  propriety,  duty,  and 
respect  for  others,  yet  not  to  the  extent  Implied  in  impudence 
or  shamelessness.  Impudence  disregards  what  Is  due  to  supe- 
riors: shamelessness  defies  decency.  Boldness  Is  forward* 
stepping  courage,  spoken  of  with  reference  to  the  presence 
and  observation  of  others;  boldness,  in  the  good  sense,  la 
courage  viewed  from  the  outside;  but  the  word  Is  frequently 
ii  Bd  in  an  unfavorable  sense  to  Indicate  a  lack  of  proper 
tlveness  and  modesty.  Compare  assurance:  BRAVE ; 
DCFUDENCB. —  Ant.:ba.shfulness,coyni«s.  diffidence,  modesty, 
sensitiveness,  shrinking,  shyness,  timidity. 
cf-ful'gence,  1  e-ful'jena;2  8-fal'genc,  n.  A  shining  forth 
brilliantly;  beaming  brightness;  splendor.  [<  L.  ex, 
forth,  -I-  fulaeo,  shine.] — ef-fulge',  ri.  &  vl.  To  beam  or 
shine  forth  In  great  luster;  radiate.— ef-ful'gent,  a.— ef- 
ful'gent-ly,  adv. 
ef-fiisc',  |  1  e-fiuz';  2  e-fu?',  v.  [ef-fubed';  ef-fus'ing.] 
ff-fuze"',  |  I.  t.  To  pour  forth;  shed.  II.  i.  To  ema- 
[  <  L.  ex,  out,  +  /undo,  pour.] — cf-fuse%  a. 
Widely  or  loosely  spreading. 
ef-fu'sion,  1  e-fiu'-jan;  2  6-fu'zhon,  n.  1.  The  act  or  proc- 
ess of  pouring  forth,  or  that  which  is  poured  forth.  2. 
An  outpouring,  as  of  fancy  or  sentiment:  applied  iron- 
to  literary  compositions.  3.  Sentimental  dem- 
onstration.  4.  The  pouring  out  of  the  blood  or  other 
fluid,  as  into  the  cellular  tissue.  [<  L.  effusio(n-),  < 
effusus;  sec  effuse,  v.) 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^    aisle;    au=owt;    oil;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  sinff;    thin    this.  effsible 

265    2:wQlf,  dfi;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cOre,   bat,  burn;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,    this.  Elagabalus 


Longitudinal  Section  of  a 
Hen's  Egg. 

a,  i,  chalazce;  />,  yolfc.membrane.  e.  yel- 
low food.yolk;   d,    germinal    vesicli 


ef-fu'slv(es,  1  e-fiu'siv;  2  5-fii'siv,  a.    1.  Overflowing  with 
sentiment;  demonstrative;  gushing.     2.  Pouring  forth; 
shedding  abroad:  with  of.    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 
E.  Fl.,  abbr.    Klls  Flemish.— E.  Fr.,  abbr.    Ells  French. 
eft,  1  eft;  2  6ft,  n.    1.  A  newt.    2.  A  small  lizard.    [  <  AS. 

efete.]    effi. 
eft-soon '||,  1  eft-sun';  2  eft-soon',  adv.     Soon  afterward  or 

again;  hence,  speedily;  quickly.    [<  AS.  eft,  again,  +  soon.] 

eftet;  eft-soons'j. 
Eg.,  Ejty.,  abbr.     Egypt,  Egyptian,  Egyptology.— e.  g.,  ex. 

gr.,  abbr.    [L.]    Exempli  gratia  (for  the  sake  of  example;  for 

instance) . 
?'galt,  a.  &  n.    Equal;  an  equal. 
Eg'bert,  1  eg'bart:  2  eg'bert,  n.  (770?-839.)     King  of  Wessex 

from  802:  conquered  most  of  England  and  Wales;  called  first 

"King  of  the  English." 
egg1,)  1  eg;  2  eg,  vt.     To  instigate  or  incite;  urge:  com- 
egp,  )  monly  followed  by  on.     [  <  Ice.  eggja;  see  edge,  v.] 
egg2,  v.    I.  t.    1.  To  mix  or  cover  with  eggs.    2.  [U.  S.)  To 

pelt  with  eggs.    II.  i.    To  collect  eggs  (of  birds). 
egg,  n.    1.  A  body  containing  the  germ  and  food-yolk,  as 

of  birds,  reptiles,  or  fishes,  enclosed  in  a  membranous  or 

shelly  covering.    2.  In  com- 
mon usage,  the  egg  of  a  bird, 

especially  of  the  domestic 

fowl.    3.  Biol.  An  ovum  or 

germ-cell.    4.  Figuratively, 

that  which  contains  a  germ. 

[<    Ice.    egg,    =  AS.    seg.\ — 

egg'slay"lng,  a.    Oviparous. 

—egg  =nog,  n.    A  drink  made 

of  milk,  eggs,  sugar,  and  usu- 
ally spirits. — egg'plant",  n. 

A  widely  cultivated  herb    of 

the  nightshade  family,  with 

large  egg-shaped  edible  fruit; 

also,  the  fruit. 
e'gis,  1  i'jis;  2e'gis,n.    [Clas ■ 

•      e  _  l       A       t--    i   ]  lmv   toon. yolk;  ,1,    germinal    veeiole:    -■, 

SIC  form  -EGIS.J     A  Shield  or  ,»„■„„  yolv:    (th(.  „„nee„tnc  white  lines  in 
defensive       armor,       aS       the  the  yellow  yolk  are  of  ttaeaaiMSubBtaiice): 
mantle     Of     Minerva,     bear-/'  »ne"iE.  ehell-inembraiie;  , ft,air.cham- 
,,  /-,  ,  i         j     ber;  7,    alounirn    ur  wmte   nt    the  cl'l'. 

ing    the    Gorgon  s     head;  6B 

hence,  any  protecting  influence  or  power.    [<  Gr.L  aigis.] 

eg'lan-tine,  1  eg'lan-tain;  2  eg'lan-tin,  n.  A  plant  of 
either  of  two  rose-like  plants,  the  sweetbrier  and  the  dog- 
rose.     [F.]    eg'lan-teret;  eg'la-teret;  eg-len'tinef. 

Eg'mont,  1  eg'ment;  2  eg'mont,  Lamoral,  Count  of  (1522- 
1568).    A  Dutch  soldier  and  diplomat;  beheaded. 

eg'o,  1  eg'o  or  I'go;  2  eg'o  or  e'go,  n.  Self,  considered  as 
the  seat  of  consciousness.  [L.] — eg'o-hood,  n.  Per- 
sonality; individuality,  eg-o'i-tyj.— eg'o-lsm,  n.  Ethics. 
The  theory  that  places  the  supreme  end  of  human  conduct 
in  self:  opposed  to  altruism;  systematic  and  scientific  selfish- 
ness. Svn.:  see  egotism. — eg'o-lst,  n.  One  who  advocates 
or  practises  egoism. — eg"o-ls'tlc,  a.  Ethics.  (1)  Charac- 
terized by  inordinate  regard  for  self.  (2)  Of  or  pertaining 
to  self.  (3)  Egotistic.  eg"o-Is'ti-calt.— eg"o-Is'ti-cal-ly, 
adv. — eg'o-tism,  n.  The  habit  of  thinking  and  talking 
much  of  oneself;  self-conceit. 

Svn.:  conceit,  egoism,  self-assertion,  self-conceit,  self-con- 
tidence,  self-consciousness,  self-esteem,  vanity.  Egoism  is 
giving  the  "I"  undue  supremacy  in  thought;  egotism  is  giving 
the  "I"  undue  prominence  in  speech.  Self-assertion  Is  the 
claim  of  what  one  believes  to  be  his  due;  self-conceit  is  an 
overestimate  of  one's  own  powers  or  deserts.  Self-conscious- 
ness  (as  here  considered)  is  the  keeping  of  one's  thoughts  upon 
oneself,  with  the  constant  anxious  question  of  what  others 
will  think.  Vanity  is  an  overweening  admiration  of  self, 
craving  equal  admiration  from  others.  Self-esteem  is  more 
solid  and  better  founded  than  self-conceit;  but  is  ordinarily  a 
weakness,  and  never  has  the  worthy  sense  of  self-confidence. 
Compare  assurance;  pride.  —  Ant.:  bashiulness,  deference, 
diffidence,  humility,  modesty,  self-distrust,  self-forgetful- 
ness,  shyness,  unobtrusiveness,  unostentatiousness. 

— eg'o-tlst,  n.  One  characterized  by  egotism. — eg"o- 
tls'tlc,  a.  Characterized  by  or  proceeding  from  egotism. 
eg"o-tls'tl-call.— eg"o-tls'tl-cal-ly,  adv. 

e'gret,  a.  &  n.    Same  as  eager,  a.  &  n. — e'gre-ly,  adv. 

e-gre'glous,  1  i-grl'jus;  2  e-gre'gfjs,  a.  Surpassing;  ex- 
cessive: usually  in  a  bad  sense.  [  <  L.  e,  out,  +  grex 
(veil-).  Hock.)  Syn.:  see  extraordinary;  notorious.— e- 
gre'glous-ly,  adv.    e-gre'glous-ncss,  n. 

e'gress,  1  i'gres;  2  e'gres,  n.  1.  A  going  out;  passing  forth, 
as  from  a  building.  2.  A  place  of  exit.  [  <  L.  e,  out,  I 
gradi  or,  go]    e-gres'slonj:. 

e'gret,  1  i'gret  or  eg'ret;  2  e'gret  or  gg'rSt.  n.  A  heron, 
having,  when  in  breedwg*dress,  tons  and  loose  plumes 
drooping  over  the  tail,  and  usually  while  plumage;  also, 
a  plume  or  tuft  of  its  feathers.  Sec  illus.  in  next  col- 
umn. Compare  a igret.  [<  F.  aigrette,  <  OHO.  hei- 
Oi*- heron.]   el'grcttet. 


E'gypt,  1 1'jipt;  2  e'gypt,  n.  A  sultanate  (400,000  sq.  m..  12,- 
013  cultivated;  pop.  11,287,000)  of  N.  E.  Africa;  capital, 
Cairo;  declared  British  pro- 
tectorate, Dec.  17,  1914. 


E-gyp'tian,   1  l-jip'sTisn;   2 

e-gyp'shan.      I.  a.      Of  or 


Great  White  Egret.    l/u 
[<  Ice.  idh,  a  doing.] 


pertaining  to  Egypt.  II, 
n.  1.  A  native  or  natural- 
ized inhabitant  of  Egypt, 
ancient  or  modern;  a  Copt 
as  distinguished  from  an 
Arab.  2.  The  language  of 
Egypt. 

eh,  1?  ore;  2  e  or  8,  inter j. 
What:  an  interrogative. 

Eh"ren-brelt'steln,  1  e'ren- 
brait'sTitain;  2  e"ren-brit'- 
shtin,  n.  A  German  fortress, 
E.  bank  of  the  Rhine,  oppo- 
site Coblenz. 

el'dent,  1  al'dent;  2  I'dent,  a.   [Scot.]   Diligent;  industrious! 

ei'der,  1  ai'dar;  2  I'der,  n.  A  large  sea-duck  of  northern 
regions,  having  plumage  mostly  white  above  and  black 
below.  [<Ice. sedhr.]  ei'der  sduck":):.— ei'der=down", 
n.    The  down  of  the  eider  used  for  stuffing  pillows,  etc. 

el 'do-graph,  1  ai'do-graf;  2  i'do-graf,  n.  An  Instrument  for 
copying  drawings.    [  <  Gr.  eldos,  form,  +  -graph.] 

el-do'Ion,  1  ai-do'len;  2  i-do'16n,  n.  [-la,  pi.]  1.  A  represen- 
tation; image.  2.  A  phantom.  [<  Gr.  eidolon,  image.]— el- 
do  'lo-scope,  n.  A  device  for  enlarging  kinetoscope  Alms 
for  exhibition.    [+ -scope.] 

eI"dou-ra'n!-on,  1  ai"du-re'm-en;  2  S"du-ra'ni-on,  n.  An 
orrery.    [  <  Gr.  eidos,  form,  +  onranos,  heaven. J 

E.  I.,  E.  Ind.,  abbr.    East  India,  East  Indies. 

eight,  1  et;  2  et.  I.  a.  Consisting  of  one  more  than  seven. 
II.  n.  The  sum  of  seven  and  one;  eight  units  or  single 
objects.  [<AS.  eahta] — eighth.  I.  a.  1.  Next  in  order 
after  the  seventh.  2.  Being  one  of  eight  equal  parts.  II.  n. 
One  of  eight  equal  parts,    -ly,    adv. 

eight-een',  let-in';  2  et-en'.  I.  a.  Consisting  of  eight  more 
than  ten.  II.  n.  The  sum  of  ten  and  eight.  [  <  AS.  eahta, 
eight,  +  leon,  ten.]— eight-eenth'.  I.  a.  Eighth  in  order 
after  the  tenth.  II.  n.  One  of  eighteen  equal  parts,  -ly,  adv. 

eight'y,  1  et'i;  2  et'y.  I.  a.  Consisting  of  ten  more  than 
seventy.    II.  w.    Eight  times  ten.— eight'1-eth.    I.  a. 

1.  Tenth  in  order  after  the  seventieth.  2.  Being  one  of  eighty 
equal  parts.    II.  n.    One  of  eighty  equal  parts,    -ly,    adv. 

el'kon,  n.    Same  as  icon. 

El'nem  von  Roth'ma-ler,  1  ai'nem  fon  rot'ma-ler;  2  I'nem 
fon  rot'nia-ler,  Karl.  A  German  general  in  campaign  in 
France,  1914-1915. 

el  'rle,  n.    Same  as  aerie,    el  'ry  t. 

el'selt,  n.    Vinegar,    el'sellt;  ey'sllt- 

Ei'se-nach,  1  ai'za-ncm;  2  I'ge-naH,  n.  A  town  in  Saxe»Wei- 
mar,  Germany;  near  Wartburg  Castle;  pop.  38,000. 

ei'ther,  1  I'thar  or  ai'thar;  2  e'ther  or  I'ther.  I.  a.  1. 
One  or  the  other  of  two,  indeterminately  or  indiffer- 
ently. 2.  Each  of  two;  one  and  the  other;  as,  on  either 
side.  Syn.:  see  every.  II.  pron.  One  of  two;  one  or  the 
other.  III.  con}.  1.  In  one  of  two  or  more  cases,  Indeter- 
minately or  indifferently:  with  or;  as,  either  come  or  go. 

2.  [Colloq.]  At  all;  in  any  case;  also.    [<  AS.  Sglher.] 
e-jac'u-late,    1    i-jak'yu-let;    2    e-jac'yu-liit,    vt.    &    vi. 

[-LAT"EDd;  -lat"ing.]  1.  To  utter  or  exclaim  suddenly. 
2||.  To  throw  out  suddenly  in  the  manner  of  a  dart; 
eject.  [<  L.  e,  out,  +  jaculor,  throw.]  Syn.:  see  call;  ex- 
claim.—c-Jac"u-la'tlon,  n.  The  uttering  of  brief  sudden 
exclamations;  an  exclamation. — e-Jac'u-la-to-ry,  a. 

c-Jcct'd,  1  i-jokt';  2  e-j6ct',  vt.  To  throw  or  drive  out  by 
sudden  force;  expel;  dispossess.  [<  L.  e,  out,  +  jacio, 
throw.]    Syn.:  see  danism. 

— e-Jcc'tlon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  ejecting;  expulsion.  2. 
Matter  ejected.— e-Jec'tlv(e»,  a.  -ly,  adv.— e-ject'ment, 
n.    A  casting  out;  eviction.— e-Jec'tor,  n. 

ejusd.,  abbr.    [L.]    EJvsdcm  (of  the  same). 

eke,  1  Ik;  2  Bk,  vt.  [eked1;  ek'ino.]  1.  To  increase  till 
barely  sufficient;  piece  out:  followed  by  out.  2.  To  ob- 
tain or  produce  with  difficulty.  [AS.  ccaw,  yean,  caus. 
of  *edcan,  increase.) 

eke ||,  adv.  &  con}.    Likewise;  also.    [<  AS.  cdc.l 

E  laf.  Mm.  The  highest  note  In  Guido'S  scale;  hence,  for- 
merly, the  extreme  point;  highest   pitch, 

e-lab'o-rate,  1  i-labro-rSt; 2 e-lab'o-rat.  I.  vt.  [-uAT"EDd; 
-uat"inci.|  To  develop  and  complete  by  thorough  and 
careful  work.  II.  a.  Developed  with  thoroughness  or 
exactness.  [<  L,  e,  out,  -\  laboro,  labor.]  -Iy,  adv. 
-ness,  n.  -e-lab"o-ra'tlon,  n.  The  act  of  elaborating; 
that  which  Is  elaborated.     c-luh'o-ra-tlv(eH,  a. 

El"a-gah'a-lus,  ]  el'B-gab'8-lns;  2  61'a-Bab'a-lUB,  M.  A.  An- 
toninus (204-222).  Emperor  of  Home;  killed  by  his  soldiers. 


rUIll 

Mm 


I        m      i       fa  i  ......    ■  «•    .-.     :u     rtlo;  im.  bOrni 

i      i         i      o;   I  -  o;gO.  1161.  «>;.  »(m, 


iliO 


•U  in. 


1 


I 


I  I 

'■ 

.  -1.1-   11-.  >l-l>  . 

astlc. 

1  ...  ]  To 

II.  ted  or 

borne  ] 

.  -ut  ..i-ii.-«.  •      <'-i.i  Hun. 

d  coast, 

I.       a  1     puah  wiili  tli'- 

ll.  t  at  th<  bend  of 

thr   .-  i  short 

de  "f  a 

'    ■'.!<•   ] 

.  .  room,  ■      Room 
guratlvelj .  s 

I 

.  .vend,  about 
-.is  mountains 

%■-'.  ::.  I    BrDpr     !  s  "■-'''  " 

■   Santiago, 
I .;'.-.   1.  1898 

-:  antiq- 
■■-■■  ] 

1.  Having 
.  r  in  time.    I  •     IS 
U-*    rtd-  .11  rr-l),  *hat  old.— eld 'est, 

. 

tribe  or  family;  a  church 
eld  'cr- 
-tiip.         I  in  elder.    2.  A  pres- 

I 

I.    \   shrub,  with  white 
'.'.  Any  "in  of 

in 

■  .  1 


r  I  iMI 


m 


opportunity. 


e|  drli. 

rleb:. 

I     I     .if   \i|iiltalnc 
married 

■     f     of  f    1-1  Hi-        ■  -.  :     129 

»!«-..  <■)•  1 

»l"»-<-»m-p»nr',  I  pan',  n      A  tail 

aarcanlal  berb  of  the  aster  family  fcawng  lar^e  icavia.  yellow 


leldlna  a  tonic.    I      1  'i 
1  ;  •■mi,  tuutti.  ■    » ;r  heii  nion, 

■  1,  uf  the  field,    -     1     oamput,  Held  I 
,1  .  -.  » 1 • 1  - 1  • .  i. 

•  -1.  1  1    .    .  I  I.'  l,.r  an 

'.'.1  -       f  by  B| 

to  appoint  i" 
nvcrelgn  will  of  God     s.vm  :  -..-.•  choosi 
ll.  l.  ]       u?d  to  office,  Inn  not  vol  111  ohargi 

ii |j  or  divine 
III.  I.    \  person,  or  bodj   of  pi 

Lion  or  foi    ipecial    ervi 
•■  .1  or  preferred     I  -    I     eleetut,  pp.  of 
.  1  oosc  1 
t'-li-r'tlnii,  l  1  I.  k  c'al  on,  1      l.i 

r  person    for  office,  a    by  bailol     2.  R     Sj 

\  popular  vote  on  any  question     5.  A  choice, 

tween  alternatives;   cho  eral.     4.   Thtol    (1) 

ign  choice  of  God  i;      1  elected  to  sal- 

■  i  n  1 

,-ii-c"iimi-ri-r'.         io  endeavor  to  win  an  election; 

.  ..lis 

e-lec'th  c\  1  i-lek'ti\ ;  2  e-lee'tiv,  a.    1.  <  »f  or  pertaining 
to  a  choice  bj  vote;  obtained  or  bestowed  by  election 
'.'.    1  terting  the  privilege  of  choice      8.   Subject    to 
-i>.  -ness, 

e-lec'tor,  1  t-lek'ter  or  -tor;  2  e-16e'tor,  r».  1.  One  who 
elects;  a  person  qualified  to  vote  at  an  election  2.  '  'ne 
of  the  great  princes  who  had  formerly  (12th  to  l  » t > . 
century]  the  right  of  electing  the  empi  ror  ol  <  icrmany 
Presidential  electoral  the  persona  chosen  by  the  Beveral 
to  elect  the  President  and  Vloe»PresIdent  of  the 
United  Btates     e-lec'to-raJ,  a.    Pertaining  to,  composed 

holding  rank  as  electors,     c-lcc'to-rate,  n.    1. 
who,  1  ofvotei      2.  The  rank  or  territory  of  an 

elector  in  the  old  <  lerman  empire. 

E-lec'tra,  1  i-lek'tra;  2  e-16e'tra,  n.  A  daughter  ol  Agamem- 
non audi  1  the  subject  of  several  tragedies. 

e-lec-trtc'1-ty,  1  i-lek-tris'i-ti;  2  e-lSe-trfc'i-ty,  ».  1.  A 
material  agency  which,  when  in  motion  iljnamir 
electriclt]  .  i  uiibits  magnetic,  chemical,  and  thermal 
i  when  at  rest  static  electricity  is  ac- 
companied by  an  interplay  of  forces  1»  tween  associate  .1 
localities  in  which  it  is  present.  '*.  Physics.  That 
branch  of  Bcience  thai  treats  of  this  agency  and  the 
phenomena  caused  by  it.  [<  1.  dectrum,  <  Gr.  elec- 
tron, amber.]— e-lec 'trie,  n.  1.  Relating  to,  derived  from, 
produced  or  operated  by  electricity.  2.  Containing,  pro- 
ducing, or  carrying  electricity.  3.  Spirited;  magnetic;  thrill- 
ing, c-lec'trl-cal:.  electric  breeze.  1.  A  stream  of  air« 
particles  repelled  from  an  electrified  point.    ''•  A  brush«dls- 

charge  as  used    In    therapeutics,      electric     fisli,   any   Bsh 
having  organs  capable  of  imparting  an  electric  shock,  aa  an 
electric  eel.     electric  light,  a  Ughl   produced    by  elec- 
tricity,    electric  machine.    1.  An  apparatus  for  generat- 
ing static  electricity,  as  by  friction.    ■>.  a  dynamo,     electric 
motor,    a   machine    for    transforming    electric    energy    into 
mechanical  power:  opposed  to  dynamo. — e-lcc'trl-cal-ly, 
e-lec-trl'iian,  n.    I.    One   versed   In   the  science   Of 
electricity.     'I.  An  inventor,  maker  or  repairer  of  electrical 
apparatus.— e-lec'trl-cutc,  n.     To  put  to  death  by  elec- 
tricity,   e-lec'tro-cute:.— e-lcc"trl-  (or  -tro-]cu'tlon,  n. 
e-lec'tri-fy,  1  t-lek'tn-fai;  2  e-leVtri-fy,  v.    [-fted;  -rr"- 
mo.j     I.  (.     1.  To  act  upon  or  charge  with  electricity 
c-lec'trizet-    2.  To  arouse;  startle;  thrill.    II.  1     To 
become    electric—  e-lec'tri-fl"a-bl<ep,    a.— e-Icc"lri- 
fl-ca'tlon,  n.     The  process  of  electrifying,  or  the  state  of 
being  elect  rilled .  -  e-lec'tri-fi"er,  n. 
e-lec'irlne.  1  i-lek'tnn;  2  e-lee'trln.    I.  a.    1.  Made  of  elec- 
trum.    2.  Made  of  or  related  to  amber.    II.  n.    An  imagi- 
upposed  by  some  to  be  the  basis  of  elec- 
tricity.   [<  Gr.  Oeklrinos,  <  glektron.  amber .1 
e-lec'tro-,  1  t-lek'tro-;  2  e-lec'tro-     From  Greek  elektron,  am- 
ombmlng  form  represent Ing  (  U  etric  in  composition. — 
c-lec"tro-cliem'ls-try,  n.     The  branch  of  chemistry  that 
ectrirfty  as  active  in  effecting  chemical  change. 
e-lec"lro-cliem'l-cal.         a.     e-lec"lro-cliem'l-cal-lj , 
i-lcc"tro-eliem'lst,    n.  —  e-lec'tro-cilte,    etc.      See 
hi. i-.'  thkxte.  —  e-lcc'trode,  n.    Either  of  the  two  poles  of 
an  electric  battery  or  dynamo.  —  e-lec"tro-de-pos'lt.     I*. 
r(.     To  deposit    chemically,   as   metal   from   a  solution,   by 
mean-  of  an  electric  current      II.  n.    That  which  is  so  de- 
poslted.     e-lec"tro-dep"o—  I'tion,  n.    The  process  of  elec- 
i-lec"tro-(ly-nam'lc,     a.        Relating      to 

forces  of  attraction  and  repulsion,  produced  by  electric  cur- 
rents. e-lec"tn»-dj-naiii'lcs,  n.  The  branch  of  physics 
I  g  of  electric  current.-.  Induction,  etc.  e-lec"tro-ki- 
net'lC,  a      Pertaining  to  or  caused  by  electricity  In  motion 

e-|cc"tro-llcr\  1  i-lek'tro-llr':  2  e-ler"tro-lex',  n.  A  fixture 
for  holding  electric  lamps:  not  a  good  form. 

c-lcc-trol'y-sis,  »  Decomposition  of  a  chemical  com- 
pound by  an  electric  current.— e-lcc'tro-lyte.  n.    A  chem- 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit^   aisle;    ail  =  out;    eii;    itt=feud;    (Shin;    go;    0  =  sires;    thin,   this. 
267  2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,   this. 


elaln 
elf 


Condensing 
Electroscope. 

ulated  handle 


ical  compound  which  can  be  decomposed  by  an  electric  cur- 
rent.— e-lec"tro-lyt'Ic,  a.  Relating  to  electrolysis,  e-lec"- 
tro-lyt'i-calj. — e-lec'tro-lyze,  W.  To  decompose  by 
electric  current. — e-lec"tro-mag'net,  n.  A  core  of  soft 
iron  or  the  like,  which  temporarily  becomes  a  magnet  during 
the  passage  of  an  electric  current  through  a  coil  of  wire  sur- 
rounding it.— e-lec"tro-mag-net'ic,  a.— e-Iec"tro-mag'- 
net-ism,  re.  1.  Magnetism  developed  by  electricity.  2. 
That  science  which  treats  of  the  relations  between  elec- 
tricity and  magnetism  and  the  phenomena  due  to  these  re- 
lations. c-lec"tro-mag-iiet'ics:t.— e-lee-trom 'e-ter,  re. 
An  instrument  for  measuring  an  electric  current. — e-lec'tro- 
mo"tiv(es,  a.  Relating  to  electricity  in  motion:  as,  electro- 
motive force. — c-lec"tro-mo'tor,  re.  1.  An  electric  motor. 
2.  Any  electric  source,  as  a  voltaic  cell. — e-lec'tron,  re.  The 
smallest  known  component  of  matter;  always  possessing  a 
negative  electric  charge. — e-lec"tro-neg'a-tIv(es,  o.  Hav- 
ing the  property  of  becoming  negatively  electrified  by  con- 
tact with,  or  from  the  chemical  action  of,  another  substance. 
— e-lec-trop'a-thy,  n.  The  treatment  of  disease  by  means 
of  electricity. — e-lec"tro-patli'ic,  a. — e-lec-troph'o-rus, 
n.  An  instrument  for  generating  static  electricity  by  induc- 
tion: commonly  a  flat  disk  of  resin,  to  which  may  be  applied 
another  of  wood  coated  with  tin«foil.  e-lec'tro-phoret. — 
e-lec'tro-plate,  it.  To  coat  with  metal,  as  silver  or  gold, 
by  electric  means. — e-lec'tro-plate,  re.  An  electroplated 
article. — e-lec"tro-pos'l-tiv(eB,  a.  Having  the  property 
of  becoming  positively  electrified  by  contact  with,  or  from 
the  chemical  action  of,  another  substance. — e-Iec'tro- 
scope,  n.  An  instrument  for  detecting  the  pres- 
ence of  electricity. — e-lec"tro-scop'ic,  a.— 
e-lec"tro-stat'Ics,  re.  That  branch  of 
trical  science  which  treats  of  the  phenomena 
electricity  at  restorof  frictional  electricity. — 
e-lec"tro-stat'ic,  a.  e-lec"tro-stat'l-calt. 
—  e-leo"tro-stat'i-cal-ly,  adv.  —  e-lec"- 
tro-tech'nlcs,  n.  The  science  of  the  meth- 
ods, processes,  and  operations  by  which 
electricity  is  applied  in  the  industrial  arts. 
— e-lec"tro-tech  'nlc,  e-lec"tro-tech  'nl 
cal,  a. — e-lec"tro-te-leg'ra-phy,  re.  Te- 
legraphy by  electricity. — e-lec"tro-tel' 
graph 'ic,  a. — e-lec'tro-ther"a-peu'tlcs, 
n.  The  treatment  of  disease  by  electricity, 
or  the  laws,  etc.,  of  such  treatmert.  e-lec"- 
tro-ther  'a-pyt.— e-lee'^ro-thefa- 
peu'tlc,  -tl-cal,  a. —  e-lec'tro-type,  n.  for  removing  upper 
A  metallic  copv  of  any  surface,  as  a  coin,  P]Me-  '••  goid-ieaf;  c, 
made  by  electric  deposition,  especially  one  !"e,»":;'  P"|M  connect- 

.  _  .  .   _         .    ..  .      ",,  m.l-    ^  i Hi   an    electrio 

of  a  page  of  type  for  printing. — e-lec'tro-  Bouroe. 

type,    vt. — e-lec'tro-typ"er,    re.      1.  One 

who  electrotypes.    e-lec'tro-typ"lstJ.     2.CEng.]  The  bath 

holding  the  electrotyping  solution.— e-lec"tro-typ'Ic,  a. 

Pertaining  to  or  made  by  electrotyping. — e-lec'tro-typ"- 

Ing,  n.     The  act  or  business  of  forming  electrotypes. — 

e-lcc'tro-typ"y,  re.    The  process  or  art  of  electrotyping. 

e-lec'trum,  1  l-lek'trum;  2  e-lec'trum,  re.  1.  German  silver  or 
other  like  alloy.  2.  Anciently,  amber,  e-lec'tron f..  3. 
Native  gold  containing  a  large  percentage  of  silver.  [L.,  < 
Gr.  llektron,  amber.] 

e-lec'tu-a-ry,  l  i-lek'«fhu-[or-tlu-]e-n;  2e-iec'chu-[or-ta-]a-ry, 
n.  [-hiksz,  pi.)  A  confection  made  by  incorporating  a  med- 
icine with  some  sweet  substance.  [<  LL.  elecluarium,  < 
Gr.  ekleikton,  <  elc,  out,  +  iciclw,  lick.] 

el"e-e-mos'y-na-ry,  1  el'Vi-mes'i-nS-n;  2  eT'e-e-m5s'y- 
na-ry.  I.  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  dependent  on  charity 
or  alms;  charitable.  II.  n.  [-rif.s7',  pi.]  A  recipient  of 
charity.     [<  Gr.  eleemosyne,  alms.] 

el'e-gant,  1  el'i-gont;  2  eTe-gant,  a.  1.  Marked  by  re- 
finement, grace,  or  symmetry;  possessing  or  exhibiting 
refined  taste.  2.  Possessing  a  fine  sense  of  beauty  or  fit- 
ness. 3.  [Colloq.]  Excellent;  capital.  [OF.,  <  L.  ele- 
gan(t-)s,  <  eligo;  see  elect.] 

Syn.:  dainty,  exquisite.  Elegant  (Latin  elcgans,  select) 
refers  to  the  lighter,  finer  elements  of  beauty  in  form  or 
motion.  Exquisite  denotes  the  utmost  perfection  of  the  ele- 
gant in  minute  details:  we  speak  of  an  elegant  garment,  an 
exquisite  lace.  Exquisite  is  also  applied  lo  Intense  keenness 
of  any  feeling:  as.  exquisite  delight:  exquisite  pain.  Dainty,  at 
Its  best,  applies  to  what  Is  at  once  Blight,  delicate,  and  pleas- 
ing: in  Its  extreme  use,  it  may  apply  to  sensibilities  or  feel- 
ings too  delicate  for  the  demands  of  practical  life,  over-nice, 
squeamish.  See  BEAUTiKUL;  CHOICE;  FINE;  polite.  —  Ant.: 
common,  coarse,  harsh,  rude. 

el'c-gant-ly,  adv.— el'e-gance,  re.  1.  The  state  or 
quality  "f  being  elegant  or  refined,  'i.  Anything  elegant. 
el'e-gan-eyt  [-CIEBA  pi.].     Syn.:  see  POLITENESS, 

e-le'gl-ac,  l  i-U'Ji-ak  nr  eri-jni'itk ;  2  e-16'gl-ae  or  BTe-gl'&e. 
I.  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  elegies;  of  the  nature  of  an  elegy;  sad; 
plaintive.  2.  Arte.  I'ros.  Writ  ten  in  the  meter  of  elegy. 
el'V-gl'a-ealJ.  II.  re.  1.  Gr.  &  L.  Pros.  A  verse  peculiar 
to  elegy     '£.  An  elegy. 

el'e-gy,  1  el'i-ji;  2  61'e-gy,  n.  [-giesz,  pl.\  1.  A  funeral 
song;  a  meditative  poem  with  sorrowful  theme.     2.  A 


classical  poem  written  in  elegiac  verse.  [  <  Gr.  elegeidt 
<  elegos.  mourning  song.] — el'e-glst,  n.  A  writer  of  elegies. 
e-le'gi-astt;  el"e-gl-og'ra-pher{.— el'e-glze,  v.  [-gibed; 
-giz'ing.]  \.t.  To  compose  an  elegy  on:  lament.  II.  (.  To 
write  in  elegiac  verse  or  style. 
el'e-ment,  1  el'i-ment  or  -mant;  2  Sl'e-ment,  n.  1.  A 
component  or  essential  part;  especially,  a  simple  part  of 
anything  complex;  a  constituent;  ingredient.     2.   pi. 

(1)  First  principles  or  fundamental  ideas;  rudiments. 

(2)  The  bread  and  wine  of  the  Lord's  Supper.  3.  An 
ultimate  and  essential  principle  in  the  make=up  of  any- 
thing; essential  constituent;  anciently,  one  of  the  sub- 
stances— earth,  air,  fire,  and  water — supposed  to 
make  up  all  things:  still  in  popular  use;  as,  the  fury  of 
the  elements;  the  devouring  element.  4.  The  natural 
sphere  or  environment;  as,  the  element  of  fishes  is  water. 
5.  Chem.  That  form  of  matter  which  can  not  be  decom- 
posed by  any  means  known  to  science.  More  than 
eighty  such  substances  are  now  recognized.  A  belief 
prevails  with  some  that  all  these  are  modifications  of  a 
single  primal  hypothetical  substance  called  protyle.  See 
table  on  pp.  268,  269,  6.  Biol.  One  of  the  primary  parts 
of  an  organism;  also,  a  cell  or  morphological  unit.  7. 
Math.  One  of  a  number  of  parts  composing  a  symmet- 
rical whole.  8.  Elec.  One  of  the  dissimilar  substances 
in  a  voltaic  cell  or  battery,  etc.  [  <  L.  elementum,  first 
principle.]  Syn.:  see  part:  particle. — el"e-men'tal,  a. 
Relating  to  an  element;  pertaining  to  or  produced  by  the 
great  forces  of  nature;  rudimentary,  -ly,  adv. — el"e- 
men'ta-ry,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to.  or  being  an  element  or 
elements,  in  any  sense. 

el'e-phant,  1  1  el'i-fsnt;  2  eTe-fant,  re.  1.  A  large  mam- 
el  'e-fantp,  )  mal  of  Asia  and  Africa,  the  largest  of  existing 
land=animals,  having  a  flexible  proboscis  and  the  upper 
incisors  developed 
as  tusks.  2.  Fig., 
s  o  m'e  thing  un- 
wieldy, burden- 
some, or  hard  to 
dispose  of.  [  <Gr. 
ele  v  ha  a,  <  Heb. 
cleph,  ox.]—  el"e-phan'tlne, 
'  Pertaining  to  an  elephant;  enor- 
mous; unwieldy. 
el"e-phan-tl'a-sls,  1  el"i-fan-toi'a- 
sis;  2  ere-fan-ti'a-sis,  re.  Pathol. 
A  chronic  disease  of  the  skin,  char- 
acterized by  an  enormous  enlarge- 
ment of  the  part  affected,  usually  ...  „. 
the  legs,  and  the  hardening  of  the  Asiatic  Elephant.  Vioi 
skin.  [L.,  <  Gr.  elephantiasis,  <  elephas,  elephant.1 
El'eu-sln'l-a,  1  el'yu-sin'i-a;  2  eTyu-sIn'i-a,  n.  pi.  The  Athe- 
nian festival  and  mysteries  in  honor  of  Demeter  and  Per- 
sephone, at  Eleusis,  near  Athens.  [Gr.]  Eleusinlan  my; si  cr- 
ies!.—  El"eu-sln'l-an,  a. 
el'e-vate,  1  el'i-vet;  2  eTe-vat,  vt.  [-VAT"EDd;  -vat"ing.] 
1.  To  raise  from  a  lower  to  a  higher  place,  rank,  or  char- 
acter; promote;  exalt.  2.  To  raise  the  spirits  of;  cheer; 
inspire.  3.  To  raise  the  pitch  or  increase  the  loudness  of. 
[<  L.  e,  out,  +  leva,  lighten.]  Syn.:  see  heighten;  pro- 
mote; raise. — el'e-vat"e<l.  I.  pa.  1.  Lofty  in  situation; 
high;  as,  an  elevated  plateau.  2.  Lofty  in  character;  sub- 
lime. II.  n.  [U.  S.j  An  overhead  railroad.  Syn.:  see 
grand;  high. — el"e-va'tlon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  elevating; 
exaltation.  2.  An  elevated  place.  3.  Drawing.  The  front 
view  of  a  building  or  the  like.  i.  Slight  intoxication.  5. 
Eccl.  The  raising  of  the  eucharlstlc  elements.  Syn.:  see 
height;  rampart.— el  'e-va"tor,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that 
which  elevates;  a  hoisting-mechanism  for  grain,  or  a  ware- 
house where  grain  is  elevated  and  distributed;  also,  a 
movable  platform  or  cage  In  a  building,  for  carrying  freight 
or  passengers  up  or  down.  2.  Aero.  In  flylng»maehines, 
a  plane  by  the  tilting  or  dipping  of  which  the  ascent  or  de- 
scent of  a  machine  Is  regulated. 
e-lev'ea,  1  l-lev'n;  2  e-leVn.  I.  o.  Consisting  of  one 
more  than  ten.  II.  n.  1.  The  sum  of  ten  and  one.  2.  A 
team  or  side  of  eleven  players,  as  in  cricket  or  football. 
[<  AS.  enrileofan.]— e-lev'enth.  I.  a.  1.  Next  In  order 
after  the  tenth.  2.  Being  one  of  eleven  equal  parts.  II.  n. 
One  of  eleven  equal  parts. 
eU§,  1  elf;  2  elf,  vt.  To  twist  or  entangle,  as  the  hair,  a  sup- 
posed practise  of  the  elves. 
Clf,  n.  [ELVES,  /'/  1  In  folk'lore,  a  dwarfish,  mischievouB 
sprite;  a  dwarf .  [  <  AS.  .i//.]  -elf'Chlld",  n.  A  child 
believed  lo  have  been  left  by  elves  In  place  of  one  I  hat  they 
have  stolen;  a  changeling,  elfin.  I.  a.  Iteliitlng  or  belong- 
ing to  elver!.  II.  n.  1.  An  elf.  2.  A  sportive  child.- elfish, 
a.  Relating  to  elves;  mischievous,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. 
— elMand,  n.  The  supposed  home  of  the  elves:  fairyland. 
— elf=liM-k.  n.  A  lock  of  hair  tangled  as  If  by  elves;  a 
straggling  lock. 


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1:8=  final;    1  =  habit;    alslo;    au  =  out.    oil;    10  =  feud;    «5hin,    go;    n  =  sins;    thin,   this. 
269       2:  wolf,  dfi;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.       element 


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rl-lip-    • 


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■ 

i  ; 

I-I-Cl-Ml   M.  .  .1   I-kI-I.I   • 

\ 

I  -II    M 

I  <  L. 

n  .  .  -Hill    l-lla-lh    .-  e-lllll    I- 

-i, .,-!..-• 

i   i  i,  .n.  ■  mm  ,m 

. 

i    John 
<    ^ir  John 

Id;  now  a  nonie 

Hi '        \  i 

ll'l-.'ii- 
I 

"over") 

I.  ilcoholic 

;. 

)   which  alche- 

llilr  i Hi  ( 

Uth.  n      I.    .' 
t.  Tndor 

!  -II-    ,-lieth:. 

queen  of 
II 

1.  A  lit:. 

i  antlers 

in:  upon 

■  .in  addition  to 
•I    • 
Milium  Mi  AlBfr- 

.'•1,  that 


M-llp 


rl-ll 


rl-llp 
H-llp 


>-') 


hi. 

■   ■'.  'i      1 . 
'  il. 

'W<\  by 
"l-llptl-ral-l}.  H'llp-fli  '- 

2.  The  (let- 


VtsUon  'jlarlty. 


.  ii  »  in. i  .  rid*,  a.    A inn  tiles,  tmi 

.  n    rard"t. 
•  lin.  v  vith  n  broad, 

[AS.] 
i  i-mi  ,  ,  \  olty  In  8.  Now  i  -.ru. 

.  i  o- M.  I.  The 

•  intonation,  inflection,  and  gt  iture  in  pub* 
•;.  Manm  ■  ol  ut  U  rancc     I  • 
pp.  of  .1   •■-<  ii  tluii-a- 

n.        .i  .i-iii  'iiim-Ni.  .    One  who  I    killed  In  or  teaohoi 

nhloal  ;» t ■<  i  eulogMie 

i  el  'ii-io  : . 

KTo-hlm,  I  .  i  •■  Mm  2  el'o-blm.  n     Ood:  the  Hebron  title  <>< 
.  nt  occurrence  In  the  Old  Teatamenl     I      h.i. 

I  .    Inn..    K.    long..       ' ''•        l.:i-l    100 

r-liin  'gale.   1    i  l-.ii  '(•.  t;  IT-l  i'1: 

I.   I   i  make  or  grow  longer.    858- To  recede 
. . -  ■- ■«•  > i  ii  i.  i .    i'"ion-K:i'tion.  n     The  act  ol  •Ion* 
of  being  elongated;  an  extension 
e-lopo,  1  i-l&p'i  2  e-16p\  vi     Ii  -i  in  1 1. ' .  i   m.i'is.-I    I. 
in  away  from  home  with  a  lover  or  paramour     2» 
D    ■'■!-,  away,   -t    loopen,  run.] — «~ 
lope'ment,  n     e-Iop'er,  it. 
cl  'ii-i|iicn(,  L  el'o-kwent;  2  eTo-kw8nt,  a   I. 

•  ing  eloquent  -       '.'•   I       m  di  •  .  eons  incing. 
:t.  Visibly  expressive  of  emotion.    [<  I.  «,  out,  -♦ 
-i>.  el'o-quence, n.    1.  Lofty,  hups 

convincing  utterance,     8.  The  quality  <if  Letng  elo- 
moving,  or  persua  i  ■  it. 

I I  Pa  'so  del  Nor'te,  l  el  pd'so  d<  i  ner'tfi  2  Bl  pa'so  dV  I 

■  irande,  w     i  i  \ie\tean  *li»- 

t  r in  s  ut  the  river. 
el'rlcb,  i     Soot.]  Same  as  cldbitcb     ci'ritcht. 
ii  -   .  ifWagner'soperaLoftenffrtfl. 

ii  -i--  i  ui  ii  riiiK-cn,  n.    (<;.)    Same  as  Ausacii>Lorbaini 
else,  l  els;  2  81s,  adv.    1.  In  addition  to,  or  in  the  place  of, 
named;  other;  besides;  instead,     "i.   If  the 
oi  facte  were  different ;  othi  rwise.    I  -'  AS.  W/r»,) — 
else 'where",  tuft     Somewhere  or  anywhen  i 
else'when"  .  1  el8*hwen";  2  eis'hwfin*,  adr.    At  other  times: 

al  another  I 

Kl'M-mire',  l  el'm-nBr';  2  H'sl-nor',  n.    a  fortified  seaporl 

14,000  .  Zealand  Island,  Denmark;  scene  ol  Shake' 

rc'8  Hamlet.     Hel'Nln-gor':  (Dan). 

e-lu'cl-date,  1  i-liu'si-det;  2  e-lu'ci-dat,  it.    [-dat"ed*"j 

-ihi'im;]    To  throw  light  upon;  clear  up.    [  <  L.  e,  out, 

dUS,   LUCID.]      S.vn.:   see   INTERPRET.        c-lll"cl-<la '- 

(Ion,  •'     The  acl  nf  elucidating;  an  Illustration.    e-lu'cl- 
da-tl>  e"f  a.     c-lu'cl-da-to-rj  J.     e-lu'cl-da"tor,  n. 
e-lude',  l  i-liod';  2  c-lud',  vt.    (k-i.i  i.'i.i,'-.  i.-u  o'tna.] 
rch,  pursuit,  or  id  jury;  baffle.    |  <  L.  e, 
play.]     Syn.:  see  escape. — e-luSlon,  n.    The 
ad  of  eluding  or  escaping. — e-ln'sh  e^,  ••     Tendrag  to  niiir 
■   cape.  e-Iu'so-ryt.    e-lusiv(e-ly*,  adr  -e-lu'-' 
viv  e-ness*,  n. 
clve,  1  i  h  ;  2  81v,  n.     An  old  form  of  elk.— elves,  n.     Plu- 
ral ut  hi      el 'ret,  n.    a  little  ell.  -el'vtoh,  «.    cI'v.'ihi- 
el'vl8h«ly,  adv. 
K'l>.  1  I'll;  2  e'ly,  n.    A  elty  (pop.  8.000)  on  the  Isle  of  Ely; 
has  an  ancient  cathedral  and  monastery.      Isle  of  E.,  a 
former  Island  among  fens  now  drained,  in  E.  England;  held 
reward  against  William  the  Conqueror. 
I  -l>  8  'i-ail,    1    l-liz'l-an;   2    f-lvs'i-an,    a.      Belonging    to 

upremely  blessed  or  happy. 
r>lys'|-um.  1  i-liz'i-um;  2  <-\\ >'i-um,  n.  Or   Myth.  The 
abode  ol  the  blessed  dead;  paradise.    [L.,  <  Or.  elysios, 

1  shall  go.] 

el'y-tron,    1 1  el'i-tren;  2  81'y-tr6n,  n.    |-tra,  pi.]   One  of 
*'l')-lriini,  J  tin   thickened  fore  wings  of  certain  insects, 

Gi    elytron,  case,  <  elyO,  wrap  up.] 
ii/.  ,  Izevlr. 

El'se-TU*,  1  el'a-vsr;  2 il'se-vlr.    I.  o.  Helonglng  or  relating  to 

i  rdam  and  Leyden  (1592— 

it'll  fur  thdr  beautiful  editions  ol  the  classics. 

II.  n      l.  a  hook  primed  by  the  Elzevirs,    'i.  A  small, 

much   .  i'i  in  Elzevirs. — El"ze-vlr'an.    I.  a.    Of 

or  pertaining  to  the  Elzevirs.    II.  n.    a  collector  ol  Elzevir 

f.l"/c-\lr'l-an5. 

.  n      I.  'i  Me  name  ol  the  thirteenth  letter  In 
the  English  alphabet,  written  M  or  m.    Z.  The  square  of  the 
pi    ii  ed  as  a  unit  of  measurement  In  printing, 
•in-  .  i  in-  .  iiirnis  of  en-1,  Bi*-*,  before  labials. 

Em.,      ir     Emanuel,  Emma,  Emily,  eminent, 
'em.  prim.  [Colloq.]  Them:  In  present   use  regarded  as  an 
abbreviation.    [<  ME  hem,  dat.  pi.  ol  he,  <  AS.  hi,  HE.] 

'•-ill.i'el-ate,  1  i-me'slii-et;  2  e-tna'slii-at,  ft.  [-AT"EDd; 
-\t"im,  ]  To  reduce  greatly  in  flesh,  [<  L.  e,  out,  + 
maccr,  lean.]— e-naa"cl-a'tIon,  n. 


271 


l:d=  final;    t  =  habit^   aisle;    uU  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    o  =  sires;    fhin,   this. 
2:wplf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   611,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this. 


Elgar 
embrace 


em'a-nant,  1  em'a-nant;  2  em'a-nant,  a.    Flowing  or  issuing 

from  a  source;  emanating. 
em'a-nate,  1  em'a-net;  2  em'a-nat,  vi.  [-NAT"EDd;  -nam- 
ing.] To  flow  forth  or  proceed,  as  from  a  source.  [  <  L. 
e,  from,  -f  mono,  flow.) — em"a-na'tion,  re.  The  act  of  em- 
anating, or  that  which  emanates;  an  effluence  or  outflowing, 
as  of  the  Divine  Essence.— era 'a-na-tiv(eB,  a.  -ly,  adv. 
e-man'oi-pate,  1  l-man'm-pet;  2  e-man'si-pat,  vt.  [-pat"- 
EDd;  -pat"ing.]  To  set  free,  as  from  slavery.  [<  L.  e, 
out.  +  manclpo,  give  up.]    Syn.:  see  deliver;  release. 

— e-nian"ci-pa'tion,  re.  Liberation  from  bondage,  de- 
pendence, or  oppression.  Syn.:  see  liberty. — e-man'cl- 
pa-tlv(e8,  a. — e-man'ci-pa"tor,  re. 
e-mar'gi-nate,  1  l-mar'ji-net;  2  e-mar'gi-nat,  a.  Having  the 
margin  interrupted  or  notched.  [<  L.  emarginatus,  pp.  of 
emargino,  <  e,  from,  +  margo,  border.)  e-mar'sl-nafedt. 

e-mas'cu-late,  1  l-mas'kiu-let;  2  e-mas'cfi-lat.  I.  vt. 
[-LAT"EDd;  -lat"ing.]  1.  To  deprive  of  masculine 
strength;  castrate;  weaken.  2.  To  impair  by  cutting 
down,  as  a  literary  work.  II.  a.  Emasculated.  [  < 
LL.  e,  out,  +  masculvs,  male.] — e-mas"cu-la'tlon,  re. 

em-ball '§,  1  em-bel';  2  em-bal',  vt.    To  ensphere. 

cm-balm',  1  em-bam';  2  £m-bam',  vt.  1.  To  preserve 
from  decay,  as  a  dead  body,  by  antiseptic  preparations. 
2.  To  preserve  from  decay.  3.  To  perfume.  4.  To  pre- 
serve, as  beef,  by  treatment  with  chemicals.  [  <  L.F  in, 
in,  +  balsamum,  balm.] — em-balm'er,  n.  One  who 
embalms  the  dead;  anything  that  preserves  from  decay. 

em-bank",  1  em-bank';  2  Sm-bank ;',  vt.  To  confine  or 
protect  by  a  bank,  dike,  or  the  like. — em-bank 'ment, 
re.  A  protecting  or  supporting  bank ;  the  process  of  strength- 
ening by  a  bank.    Syn.:  see  rampart. 

em"bar-ca'tion,  re.    Same  as  embarkation. 

em-bar 'go,  1  em-brir'go;  2  em-bar'go.  I.  vt.  To  forbid 
to  depart  from  a  port,  as  vessels  or  goods.  II.  n.  An 
authoritative  stoppage  of  commerce;  hence,  any  impedi- 
ment; a  check  or  hindrance.     [Sp.] 

em-bark'1,  1  em-bark';  2  gm-bark',  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  put 
or  go  on  board  a  vessel  or  boat.  2.  To  venture  or  invest. 
[<  F.  embarquer,  <  L.  in,  in,  +  LL.  barca,  boat,  barge.]  — 
em"bar-ka'tion,  re. 

em-barque 'men tt,  re.    Embargo;  impediment. 

em-bar 'rass4, 1  em-bar'as;  2  6m-bar'as,  vt.  1.  To  confuse; 
fluster;  abash.  2.  To  involve  in  difficulties,  especially  in 
business;  hamper;  encumber.     [<  F.  embarrasser.] 

Syn.:  abash,  confuse,  hamper,  hinder,  impede.  Embarrass 
is  a  strong  word.  To  confuse  is  to  mix  what  should  be  sep- 
arate: we  say  one's  accounts  are  confused;  his  business  is 
embarrassed.  A  solitary  thinker  may  be  confused;  one  is 
embarrassed  in  the  presence  of  others.  Compare  abash;  hin- 
der; involve;  obstruct;  perplex. — Ant.:  assure,  cheer, 
compose,  embolden,  encourage,  help,  relieve,  sustain. 

— em-bar'rass-ment,  re.  1.  Discomposure;  entangle- 
ment; difficulty.  2.  An  impediment;  hindrance;  encum- 
brance.   Syn :  see  perplexity. 

<em-bas'sa-dor,  etc.    Same  as  ambassador,  etc. 

.em'bas-sy,  1  em'ba-si;  2  em'ba-sy,  re.  [-siesz,  pi.]  1.  An 
ambassador  and  his  suite.  2.  An  ambassador's  office,  mis- 
sion, or  official  residence.    [<  F.  ambassade.] 

em-bat'tle',  1  em-bat'l;  2  8m-bat'l,  v.  To  form  in  line  of 
battle;  prepare  or  equip  for  battle.  [  <  OF.  embatailler, 
<  en-  (<  L.  in),  in,  -t    bataille,  battle.] 

em-bat'tle2,  vt.  To  furnish  with  battlements.  [<  OF.  en- 
(<  L.  in),  in,  +  bastUler,  build,  <  bastir;  see  baste1,  v.]  — 
em-bat'tle-ment,  re.  1.  A  battlement.  2.  The  fortifying, 
as  of  a  wall,  with  battlements. 

em-bat'tled,  1  em-bat'ld;  2  Bm-b&t'ld,  pa.  1.  Drawn  up 
in  battle  array;  ready  for  battle.  2.  Made  the  scene  of  a 
muster  or  battle.     3.  Having  battlements. 

em-bay',  1  em-be';  2  &m-ba',  vt.  1.  To  detain  within  or  force 
into  a  bay,  as  a  ship.  2.  To  shut  in  by  arms  of  land;  enclose. 
Im-bay'f.— em-bay'ment,  re.    A  bay  or  large  inlet. 

cm-bed',  1  em-bed';  2  6m-bgd',  vt.  [em-beo'ded"1;  em- 
bed'dinc;.]  To  lay  as  in  a  bed.  im-bed't.— em-bed '- 
ment,  re. 

em-bel'lish1,  1  em-bel'isli;  2  em-bcl'ish,  vt.  1.  To  beau- 
tify by  adding  ornamental  features;  ornament;  deco- 
rate. 2.  To  heighten  the  interest  of,  as  a  story,  liy 
imaginative  additions,  (  <  l..K  in,  in,  +  bellus,  beauti- 
ful. |    Syn.:  see  adorn;  garnish. 

■em-bel 'lish-ment,  re.    The  act  of  adorning;  an  orna- 
ment; ornamentation. 

em'ber1,  1  emTser;  2  Cm'ber,  n.  A  live  coal  or  an  unex- 
tinguished brand     [  <  AS.  mmyrian,  embers.] 

em'ber2,  n.  A  regularly  recurring  period  or  season.  f<  AS. 
ymhnn,  period,  <  ymh.  round,  (  rt/nt.  run,  <  Tlnnan, 
run.)  em'bersdays",  «.  /,/.  /,'.  r.  &  Anglican  Clu. 
Twelve  fast-days,  three  for  each  season. 

em-bez'zlc, )  1    em-bcz'l;    2    em-bez'l,    vt.       [-zl(k)dp; 

em-bczT',    | -zling.]     To  appropriate  fraudulently  to 


one's  own  use.    [  <  L.°f  imbecillis,  weak.]    Syn.:  see  steal. 
— em-bez'zle-ment,  n. — em-bez'zler,  re. 
em-bit  'ter,  1  em-bit' ar;  2  6m-bit'er,  vt.    To  render  bitter, 

unhappy,  or  resentful.  Im-bit'tert. 
em-blaze',  1  em-blez';2  em-blaz',  vt.  [em-blazed';  em-blaz'- 
ing.]  1.  To  adorn  magnificently;  display  conspicuously; 
blazon.  2.  To  make  light  or  brilliant.  — em-blaz 'er,  re 
em-bla'zon,  1  em-ble'zn;  2  em-bla'zn,  vt.  1.  To  adorn 
with  armorial  ensigns;  display,  as  a  bearing.  2.  To  ex- 
tol ;  celebrate.  —  em-bla  'zon-er,  re .  —  em-bla  'zon- 
ment,  re.— em-bla 'zon-ry,  re.    [-riesz,  pi.] 

em'blem,  1  em'blem;  2  Sm'blfm,  n.  1.  An  object  sug- 
gesting something  which  it  does  not  directly  represent; 
a  figurative  representation;  symbol.  2.  A  distinctive 
badge;  ensign.  3.  An  allegorical  picture  or  the  like. 
[<  Gr.  embtlma,  insertion,  <  en,  in,  +  ballo,  throw.] 

Syn.:  attribute,  figure,  sign,  symbol,  token,  type.  An  em- 
blem resembles,  a  symbol  represents.  An  emblem  has  some  nat- 
ural fitness  to  suggest  that  for  which  it  stands:  a  symbol  has 
been  chosen  or  agreed  upon  to  suggest  something  else,  with 
or  without  natural  fitness;  a  sign  does  actually  suggest  the 
thing  with  or  without  reason,  and  with  or  without  intention 
or  choice.  A  symbol  may  be  also  an  emblem.  Ontheother  hand, 
the  same  thing  may  be  both  a  sign  and  a  symbol;  a  letter  of 
the  alphabet  is  a  sign  which  indicates  a  sound;  but  letters 
are  often  used  as  mathematical,  chemical,  or  astronomical 
symbols.  A  token  is  some  object  given  or  act  done  as  a  pledge 
or  expression  of  feeling  or  intent;  a  ring,  the  natural  emblem 
of  eternity,  and  also  its  accepted  symbol,  is  frequently  given 
as  a  token  of  friendship  or  love.  Compare  figure;  image; 
letter;  sign. 

— em"blem-at'le,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  serving  as  an 
emblem;  symbolic.  em"blem-at'l-calt. — em"blem-at'- 
i-eal-ly,  adv. — em"blem-at'l-elze,  tt.  [-cized;  -ciz'ing.] 
To  impart  an  emblematic  character  to.  em"blem-at'l- 
clset. — em-blem'a-tize,  vt.  [-tized;  -tiz'ing.]  To  serve 
as  an  emblem  of.  em-blem'a-tlset.— em'blem-lze,  vt. 
[-ized;  -iz'ing.]  To  represent  by  an  emblem;  make  into  an 
emblem,    em'blem-lset. 

em-bod 'y,  1  em-bed'i;  2  £m-bod'y,  v.  [em-bod'ied;  em- 
bod'y-ing.]  I.  t .  1.  To  invest  with  or  as  with  a  body ; 
express  concretely.  2.  To  collect  into  one  whole;  incor- 
porate. II.  i.  To  unite  or  coalesce,  as  in  a  mass. — 
em-bod 'l-ment,  re.  The  act  or  process  of  embodying, 
the  state  of  being  embodied,  or  that  which  embodies;  a  con- 
crete expression. 

em-bold 'en,  1  em-bold'n;  2  gm-bold'n,  vt.  To  make 
bold.    Syn.:  see  abet;  encourage. 

em'bo-Hsm,  1  em'bo-lizm;  2  e.m'bo-lism,  re.  1.  The  stopping 
up  of  a  vein  or  artery,  as  by  a  blood-clot.  2.  Intercalation, 
as  of  days,  for  the  adjustment  of  the  calendar.  [  <  LL.(ir 
embolismus,  <  Gr.  en,  in,  +  ballo,  throw.) 

em"bon"polnt',  1  ah'beh'pwan':  2  afTboh'pwah',  re.  Mod- 
erate corpulence;  plumpness;  stoutness.    [F.]  [a  border. 

em-bor'der,  1  em-ber'dar;  2  em-bor'der,  vt.    To  furnish  with 

em-bo'som,  1  em-bu'zam;  2  8m-bo'som,  vt.  To  place  in 
the  bosom  or  midst  of  some  thing  or  place;  envelop; 
shelter;  cherish. 

em-boss'1',  1  em-bes';  2  6m-bos',  vt.  To  cover  or  orna- 
ment with  raised  work;  cause  to  stand  out.  [<  OF. 
embosser,  <  em-,  in,  +  bosse.  boss.]— em-bossed',  a.  1. 
Ornamented  with  raised  figures.  2||.  Swollen;  ouffed  up. — 
em-boss'er,  re.— em-boss 'ment,  re. 

em-boss'||2,  vt.  1.  To  cover  with  foam;  fleck.  2.  To  drive,  as 
a  hunted  animal,  into  a  thicket;  press  to  extremity;  tire  out. 

em"bou"chure',  1  ah-bu'shiir';  2  iih'bu'chur',  re.  1.  A 
mouth  or  mouthpiece.  2.  Position  or  adjustment  of  the 
mouth  in  playing  a  wind-instrument.  [F.,  <  L.  in.  In,  + 
bucca,  cheek.)    cm"bou"ehler't. 

em-bow'||,  1  em-b5';  2  em-b5',  vt.  To  bend  or  curve  like  a 
bow;  arch. — em-bowed',  pa.  Bent  like  a  bow;  curved 
outward;  arched;  as,  an  embowed  window. 

em-bow'el,  1  em-bau'el;  2  em-bow'el,  vt.  [-eled  or  -elled; 
-el-ing  or  -el-ling.)  1.  To  disembowel;  figuratively,  to 
rend.    2.  To  embed. 

cm-bow 'er,  1  em-bau'or;  2  6m-bow'er,  vt.  &  vi.  To  cover, 
shelter  with,  or  take  rest  in  a  bower  or  foliage. 

em-brace'1,  1  em-breV;  2  cm-brae',  v.  [em-braced*;  em- 
brac'ingJ  I.  t.  1.  To  take  or  infold  iii  the  arms;  clasp; 
hug.  2.  1  o  accept  willingly.  3.  To  surround;  compre- 
hend; include.  II.  i.  To  join  in  an  embrace  (  <  L.OF 
in,  in,  +  brachium,  arm.]— em-brace'ment,  re.  —  em- 
brae 'er,  re. 

em-brace"-,  vt.  Law.  To  Influence,  or  attempt  to  Influence, 
corruptly.  [<  OF.  embracer.  Incite,  <  <;j-  (<  I.,  in).  In,  + 
bratxi;  see  braise.)  — em-brae'er-y,  re. 

em-brace',  ti.     Tin'  act  of  embracing;  a  clasping  in  the 
arms;  a  hug.    em-bra  'sure' t. 
Syn.:  adopt,  clasp,  comprehend,  comprise,  contain,  en- 

Clrde,  enclose,  encompass,  entwine,  environ,  espouse,  grasp, 
hold,  bug,  surround.  See  cahehs.  Ant.:  disown,  exclude, 
refuse,  reject,  repel,  repulse,  shut  out. 


ihr*M  - 


•   •  ••. 


•-- iti.  r   _•. 


l 


I  I 

II 

.111- 

.  iii-hri.ll  - 

I  I 

1 1 

I. 

.111    l.r>-.il    .     II.  1. 

■,  animal 

,  in    l.r\-..»  .  -n> .  I 

' 
in    l.r \  -. .n   ..-m  I  in •'lir\-«»-ifrM  - 

■  r  biology  which 
.  lopmcnl 

.     I-.  .li.  -In  .  .111"- 

i    I.  . 

fin  'bry-onj ; 


i.  eaport  in 

-  which,  between   Vug. 

pa  and  20  mer- 

I  off   Keeling  Is- 

Sov.  in.  1914. 

1.    I       : 

I  .rii  i.-i-in         .'    - 

» ■•■  .i.  j    e-men'datej . 

.    .       by  i  hi  i   o\  erorby  the 

.  Hi.-  people:  an  ancient 

.  •  ulmt  seems  to 

hi  hor  u  rot.-. 

.  in' •  n-.l:i   ll.ni.  \  i •urrrctluli 

r.  . -in.  ir.|;i-t..-r>,  ■!. 

I.        Pertaining  to 

•i  color.    II.  n.    1.  A 

:.  In  the  Bible,  an  un- 

♦  . 
'  '    >maraydoa,  a 

nr 

i  -HEBtf 

■  i  li ;  oome  into 
i-iii.r  t'rni'i',  ■ 

•   action. 
I.         I . 

■ 

li.  . 

Retired  from  ac- 
an  honor- 


•.'•. 


i 
.  in   .  r-..|.|    . 

'  naertlng  or  rlxlr.. 

►  It  il|.li  \\  al'dn 

-■I  black  min- 

I  ding  to  pro- 

II.  .  to  produce 

v omi  ti  fi*  '  j  1 1 . 1 

eml-jr  kt4  .  [-oKat'ei/1; 

To  go  frt  in  an- 

SSro_-  Immigrate:  migrat/-.    To  mlgrah 
dweiltivpuc.'.  usually  with  the  Idea  of  repeated  chant;.  .  or 


I  i  .•        «»I.or;    full,  rQl. •;    Imt,  born; 

,     i         i.l      S;  go,  n6t,  Or,  "on.    1171 

pplli    towandei  Ini  u  Ibes  ol  man,  and 

.!    ..i .     I  miffrolt  mi. I  tmmigrait 

.  permanent  change  ol  realdenoe  to  some  other 

imc  distant  region;  the  two  word 

ol  human  belnga,  and  appl)   to  th<   same  person 

:,   from  u  iii.-ii  the  ao- 

.  ,.  i      Prep  .  \  peraon  emigrates  I  om  the  land  be 

Immlgratoa  '"  the  land  where  he  take*  up  his 

.  in  i-nr.iiit.    I.  a,    Moving  from  one  place  or  country 

t,,r  ii  i  tiling  iii  another:  opposed  tounciOBANT. 

ii  vvini  omlgrati       em"l-gra'tlon,  n      I.   rhe 

emigrating     ','.  i  migrants  collectively     S.  Migration. 

f.,,,11  i- ,.  nil  i  ...  n      \  di\  lalon  ol  N    Italy, 

■    ."  090  sq    '"  .  pop   2,800,200. 

nnl-iiriin'.   1  em'i-nena;  2  em'i-nenp,  n      I.    \   loftj 
.'.   \n  exalted  rank,  condition,  nr  degree 

:i.   \  title  "i  honor  applied  i"  cardinals  ol  the  if an 

Catholic  Church.     I<   L.'  tmineniia,    ■     s,  forth,     1 
project.]    ein'l-neii-r) :.     Syn.:  Bee  rAMl  .  BEIOHT. 
.in  i-ii.  in .  i.  High  'n  station,  merit,  or  esteem;  dis- 

tinguished; paramount.     2,.  Blgh;  loftj 

uous,  distinguished,  tamed,  famou  .  Known, 
noted,  prominent,  remarkable,  signal.   Bee  celebrat- 

i  ii.  n  I.,  li.  I  i.l  i  BTRlOl  B;  PARAMOUNT.      .Int.:  CI  in  i  mi  in,  com- 

monplacc,  Interior,  low,  mean,  ordinary. 

.  inl-llellt-1)  .   adv.      1.     In    an    eiiilment     degree       >• 

Perfectly  and  absolutely. 

r-mlr'.  l  •   inn';  2  i.-mir',  n.    1.  Any  independent  prince 

immander  in  the  Mohammedan  East.     2.  A  de- 

lanl    of    Mohammed    through    Fatima,    hi.-*   only 

daughter.     8.  A  high  Turkish  official.     |<  Ar.  mmr, 

ruiir  i     a-meer't;  a-mlr't;  e-meer'j. — e-mlr'ate,  n. 

.  -iiilr'-hlp;. 

emls-sa-ry,  1  em'i-se-n;  2  fim'i-ea-ry.  I.  a,  1.  Pertain- 
ing to  one  senl  forth  to  explore  or  spy.  2.  Sent  forth  or 
out.  II.  'i.  [-08X08*,  pi.]  1.  A  person  sent  on  a  mission 
or  as  a  secret  agent :  usually  implying  underhand  meth- 
ods. 2.  \  channel,  aa  for  water.  3.  Aunt.  An  excre- 
tory or  connecting  canal.  (<  I.  emistariut,  <  emissus, 
pp  ol  i  mttto;  Bee  emit.]     Syn.:  see  spy. 

e-mit ',  1  i-ii  iii';  2  i-mit'.  '.'  |i  -\n  i  'ted*;  e-mit'ting.]  1. 
Tn  send  or  give  out;  discharge.  2.  To  issue  authorita- 
tively. [<  L.emitto,  <  e,  out,  +  mttto,  send.] — e-mls'- 
slon,  n  The  act  or  emitting  or  that  which  is  emitted.— e- 
mts'sli  (e»,  a.    emls-so-ry,  a.   Bending  forth;  emissive.— 

.•-mil  'I.t,  a. 
Kifi-nian'u-el,  n.     Same  as  Immani  kl. 
fin'mi't.  1  em'et;  2  em'et,  n.    An  ant.    [  <  AS.  xmete.] 
em"ol-leB'cence,   1   em'o-les'ens;  2  ern'o-leCenc,  "■     The 

or  degree  or  softness  In  which  a   body  bestlns  to  lose 
its  sha[><\  as  In  melling:  incipient  fusion.     [<  E-  +  I.,  mol- 

come  soft,  •    mollis,  soft.) 
e-molll-atefo,  1  l-mel'i-Ct;  2  e-m61'l-at.  vt.    To  render  soft. 
e-iiiol'li-eiil,  li-mel'i-ent:2  e-m81'i-8nt.    I.  o.    Softening 
or  relaxing;  soothing.     11.  n.   M"l.  A  softening  or  sooth- 
ing externa]  application.    (<  L.  e,  out,  +  mollis,  soft.] 
evmol'u-ment,  1  i-mel'yu-ment  <>r  -mant;  2  i-mol'yu- 
iii.  nt,  n,    1.  The  remuneration  connected  with  an  office 
•;.  i  leneral  advantage;  gain;  profit.    [<  L. 
..out.   •  mnWiT.  labor  .1    Syn.:  see  profit. 
e-monge't,  /»"/'.    Among. 

c-mo'tioll,   1   l-tno'sliiin;  2  e-mo'shon,  n.     1.  A  stirring 

perturbation,  or  excitement  of  mind.    2.  Psychol.  The 

power  of  feeling;  Bensibility;  sentiment.     [<  L.  e,  out, 

move.]    Syn.:  see  feklino;  sensation;  wabmtii. 

e-mo'tlon-al,  n.    1.  Of,  pertaining  to.  or  expressive  of 

id      'l.  Having  capacity  for  emotion.— e-mo'tlon- 

al-Km,  n.    1.  The  expression  of  emotion  In  any  way.    2. 

The  tendency  to  yield  weakly  to  the  emotions.    3.  The  act 

or  habit  of  appealing  to  the  emotions.  — e-mo'tlon-al-lst, 

-mii"ll<m-an-t>,  n.     The  state  or  quality  of  being 

emotional      c-mo'tlv(e8,   a-     Marked   by  or  tending   to 

■  •  motion. 

••nip.,  aobr      Emperor,  empire,  empress. 

em-p:ile\  |  1    em-pel';   2   Sm-pal',   vt.      [em-paled';   em- 

Im-pale',   |        ;         .]    1.  To  put  to  death  by  fixing  upon  a 

palei  '.     2.  To  fene.   in.    :{.  To  place  side  by 

side,     [<  ]..''*y  in,  on,  +  palus,  stake.] — cm-[or  lm-] 

pal.- 'in.  nt,  n.     1.  The  act  of  empaling.     2.  That  which 

i he  space  empaled;  an  enclosure.    3.  Her.  The 

ol  two  coats  of  arms  side  by  side. 

em-pan 'elt  etc     Same  as  impanel  etc. 

hiii-ped'o-dcs,  1  em-ped'o-kllz;  2  em-ped'o-cleg.  n.    (455?- 

306  B    C.I     A  Greek  poet,  physicist,  and  philosopher. 

i-ni  'per-or,  1  em'par-ar;  2  Bm'per-or,  ».    1.  The  sovereign 

empire.     2.  One  of  various  butterflies  and  moths, 

emperor«moth,  the  purple  emperor,  the  gray 

emperor,  etc.   Seeillus.  on  next  page.   [<  OF.  empereor, 

<  L.  imperalor,  commander«ln»chlef,    <   in.  In,   +    paro, 

order.] 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  hablU    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    diin;    go;    n  =  sing;    thin,   this,   embrasure 
273    2:  wolf,  dft;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  enact 


em'per-y,  1  em'par-i;  2  em'per-y,  n.  [-iesz,  pi.]  [Poet.J  1. 
Sovereignty;  dominion.  2.  The  domain  of  an  emperor.  [  < 
OF.  emperie,  <  L.  imperium, 

EMPIRE.) 

em'pha-sis, )  1    em'fa-sis;    2 

em'fa-sisp,    )  6m 'fa -sis,    n. 
[-ses,  pi.]     A  stress  laid  upon 
some  word  or  words  in  speak- 
ing or  reading.      2.  The  act  o! 
emphasizing;       distinctiveness; 
significance.     [L.,   <Gr. empha- 
sis, <  en,  in,  +  phai.no,  show.] — 
em'pha-size,  vt.     [-sized;   -siz"-      Emperor-moth.  1/i 
ing.)    1.  To  articulate  with  special 

force  or  stress.  2.  To  bring  out  clearly  and  forcibly;  make 
especially  distinct,  positive,  or  impressive,    em'pha-sisej. 

em-phat'ic, )  1  em-fat'ik;  2  em-fat'ic,  a.    1.  Speaking  or 

em-fat 'icp,  )  spoken  with  emphasis  or  stress.  2.  Con- 
veying or  expressing  emphasis;  striking;  forcible;  posi- 
tive,   em-phat'l-calj.— em-phat'i-cal-ly,  adv. 

em"phy-se'ma,  1  em"fi-sl'ma;  2  em'fy-se'ma,  n.  1.  Pathol. 
The  puffed  condition  produced  by  the  infiltration  of  air  into 
the  connective  tissue.  2.  Same  as  heaves.  [Gr.,  <  en,  in,  + 
physdo,  blow.] 

em'plre,  1  em'pair;  2  Sm'plr,  n.  1.  A  state,  or  union  of 
states,  governed  by  an  emperor;  hence,  any  powerful 
nation.  2.  Wide  and  supreme  dominion.  [F.,  <  L. 
imperium,  dominion,  empire.) 

em-pir'ic,  1  em-pir'ik,  -l-kal;  2  Sm-pir'ic,  -i-cal,  I.  a. 
Experimental  rather  than  scientific;  generalizing  from 
limited  facts;  hence,  charlatanic.  II.  n.  1.  One  whose 
methods  are  empirical.  2.  Among  the  ancient  Greeks 
[E-],  one  of  a  school  of  physicians  maintaining  that  ex- 
periment was  the  one  requisite;  in  modern  medicine,  a 
quack.  [<  Gr.  en,  in,  +  peira,  trial.]  em-pir'i-calj. 
Syn.:  see  quack. — em-plr'i-cal-ly,  adv. — em-pir'i-cism, 
n.  1.  Empirical  character,  method,  or  practise;  quackery. 
2.  Philos.  The  doctrine  that  all  knowledge  is  derived  from 
experience  through  the  senses. — em-plr'1-cist,  n. 

em-place 'nient,  1  em-ples'ment  or  -mant;  2  em-plac'ment,  n. 

1.  Fort.  The  position  assigned  to  guns  or  to  a  battery  within 
a  fortification;  also,  a  gun-platform  or  parapet.  2§.  A  set- 
ting m  place;  location.    [  <  F.  en,  in,  +  placer,  place.] 

em-plas'tlc,  1  em-plas'tik;  2  em-plas'tie.  I.  a.  Glutinous. 
II.  n.  1.  A  constipating  medicine.  2.  An  adhesive  sub- 
stance. [  <  Gr.  emplastikos,  daubed  on,  <  en,  on,  +  plasso, 
mold.) 

em-ploy',  1  em-plei';  2  6m-ploy'.  I.  vt.  To  have  in 
service;  furnish  work  for;  make  use  of;  use;  apply.  II. 
n.  The  state  of  being  employed;  service.  [  <  h.'in,  in, 
+  plico,  fold.] 

Syn.:  engage,  engross,  hire,  make  use  of,  use,  use  up.  In 
general  terms  it  may  be  said  that  to  employ  is  to  devote  to 
one's  purpose,  to  use  is  to  render  subservient  to  one's  pur- 
pose; what  is  used  is  viewed  as  more  absolutely  an  instru- 
ment than  what  is  employed;  a  merchant  employs  a  clerk;  he 
uses  pen  and  paper;  hence,  use,  as  applied  to  persons,  inclines 
to  the  derogatory  sense;  as,  the  conspirators  used  him  as  a 
go-between.  That  which  is  used  is  often  consumed  in  the 
using,  or  in  familiar  phrase  used  up;  as,  we  used  twenty  tons 
of  coal  last  winter;  in  such  cases  we  could  not  substitute  em- 
ploy. A  person  may  be  employed  in  his  own  work  or  in  that 
of  another;  in  the  latter  case  the  service  is  always  understood 
to  be  for  pay.  In  this  connection  employ  is  a  word  of  more 
dignity  than  hire;  a  general  is  employed  in  his  country's 
service;  a  mercenary  adventurer  is  hired  to  fight  a  tyrant's 
battles;  hire  now  implies  that  the  one  hired  works  directly 
and  primarily  for  the  pay,  as  expressed  in  the  noun  "hire- 
ling." See  occupy;  retain.  Compare  business.  —  Prep.: 
Employ  In,  on,  upon,  or  about  a  work,  business,  etc.;  for  a 
purpose;  at  a  stipulated  salary. 

— cm-ployed',  pa.  —  em"ploy-ce',  n.  One  who  Is  em- 
ployed by  another.  cm"ploy-e'l.— employ'er,  n.  One 
who  employs.  Syn.:  see  master. — em-ploy  'men  t,  n.  The 
act  of  employing,  or  the  state  of  being  employed;  service; 
work.    Syn.:  see  business;  exercise;  work. 

em-pol'son||,  vt.  To  poison;  envenom;  corrupt,  em-poy'- 
sont.— em-pol'son-ment||,  n. 

em-po'rl-uin,  1  em-p5'n-um;  2  Cm-pf/ri-Cim,  n.  [-ri- 
umsz  or  -ri-a,  pi.]    1.  The  chief  mart  of  a  wide  territory. 

2.  A  bazaar.  [L.,  <  Gr.  emporion,  <  en,  in,  +  poros, 
way.) 

em-pov 'er-lsh',  rt.    Same  as  impoverish. 

em-pow'er,  1  em-pau'ar;  2  Crn-pow'er,  vt.  To  authorize. 
Syn.:  see  permit. 

em'press,  1  em'pres;  2  Sm'prSs,  n.  1.  A  woman  who  rules 
an  empire.    2.  The  wife  oi  widow  of  an  emperor. 

cm"presse"mcnt',  1  an"pres"m(in':  2  ah"prfe"niiiri',  n.  Ani- 
mated earnestness;  demonstrative  cordiality.  [F.,  <  em- 
prcsser,  impress.) 

em-prlse'IU  1  em-pralz';  2  fcm-prls.',  n.  Enterprise;  adventure; 


also,  prowess;  achievement.  [OF.,  <  empris,  pp.  otemprendre, 
undertake,  <  L.  in.  in,  +  prehendo,  seize.)    em-prize';. 

emp'ty,  1  emp'ti;  2  emp'ty.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [emp'tied;  emp'- 
ty-ino.]  To  remove  the  contents  from  (something) ;  re- 
move (something)  from  that  which  contains  it;  dis- 
charge; become  empty:  often  with  out.  II.  a.  [emp'ti- 
er;  emp'ti-est.]  1.  Having  nothing  within;  without 
the  usual  or  proper  contents.  2.  Without  force  or 
meaning.  3.  Without  substance;  hollow;  unreal.  4. 
Destitute  of  intelligence;  inane.  5.  Unsupplied;  unred. 
6.  Not  bearing  or  conveying  anything;  unemployed.  7. 
Having  no  fruit;  barren.  [<  AS.  semtig,  <  aemta, 
semetta.  leisure.)    Syn.:  see  blank;  flat;  vacant:  vain. 

— emp'ty-lngs,  n.  pi.  The  lees  of  beer,  etc.,  used  as 
yeast,  emp'tlnst  [Local.  U.  S.J.— emp'tl-ly,  adv.— emp'- 
tl-ness,  n. 

em-pur 'pi  (eJ",  1  em-pur'pl;  2  em-pur'pl,  rt.  [-pl(e)dp;  -pling.) 
To  tinge  or  color  with  purple,  or  to  clothe  with  purple. 

em-pyr'e-al,  1  em-pir'i-al  or  em"pi-ri'al;  2  em-pyr'e-al  or 
em''py-re'al.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  highest 
region  of  heaven;  celestial.  II.  1  em"pi-ri'al;  2  em"py- 
re'al,  n.  The  empyrean.  [  <  Gr.  empyros,  in  the  fire,  < 
en.  in,  +  pyr,  fire.]    em"py-re'ant. 

em"py-re'an,  1  em"pi-ri'an;  2  em"py-re'an,  n.  1.  Class. 
Antiq.  The  supposed  region  of  pure  fire;  the  highest 
heaven.  2.  Hence,  the  abode  of  God  and  the  angels.  3. 
The  upper  sky.    em"py-rae'unit. 

em"py-reu'ma,  1  em"pi-ru'ma;  2  em'py-ru'ma,  n.  The  dis- 
agreeable odor  produced  when  organic  substances  are  decom- 
posed by  heat,  as  in  close  vessels.  [<  Gr.  empyreuma,  cov- 
ered live  coal,  <  empyros;  see  empyreal.] — em"py-reu- 
mat'le,  a.    em"py-reu-mat'l-cali. 

Ems,  1  ems;  2  ems,  n.  A  town  and  watering-place  in  S.  W. 
Prussia;  pop.  6,500. 

e'mu,  1 1'miu;  2  e'mu,  n.    A  large  ostrich-like  Australian 
bird  with  neck  and  most  of  the  head  feathered. 
e'nieuj;  e'mewj. 

em'u-late,  1  em'yu-let;  2  em'yu-lat,  vt.  [-lat"- 
EDd;  -lat"ing.]  To  strive  to  equal  or  surpass; 
vie  with.  [<  L.  ssmulalus,  pp.  of  semulor,  < 
srmulus,  striving  to  equal.) — em"u-la'tlon,  n. 
Effoi  or  ambition  to  equal  or  excel  another  in  any 
act  o    quality. 

Sy  :  ambition,  competition, 
oppo:  ion,  rivalry.  We  speak  of 
comp'  ion  in  business,  emulation 
in  &  >larship,  rivalry  in  love, 
politics,  etc.:  emulation  of  excel- 
lence, success,  achievement;  com- 
petition for  a  prize.  Competition 
may  be  friendly;  rivalry  is  com- 
monly hostile.  See  ambition;/] 
competition. 

— em'u-la-tlvfe",  a.  Inclined 
to  emulation. — em  'u-la"tor,  n.  — 
em'u-lous,  o.  Eager  or  striving 
to  equal  or  excel  another;  com- 
petitive,   -ly,  adv.   -ness,  n. 

e-mul'gent,  1  l-mul'jent;  2  e-mul'- 
gent,  a.  Milking  out  or  straining. 
[<  L.  emulgen(t-)s,  ppr.,  <  e,  out, 
+  mulgeo,  milk.) 

e-mul'sion,  1  i-mul'slion;  2  e- 

mul'shon,  n.  1.  A  liquid  mixture  in  which  a  fatty  sub- 
stance is  suspended  in  minute  globules.  2.  Any  milky 
liquid.  [OF.,  <  L-  e,  out  +  mulgeo,  milk.] — e-mul'- 
sl-fl"er,  n.  An  agent  for  making  an  emulsion. — e-mul'- 
sl-fy,  vt.      To  make  into  an  emulsion—  e-mul'slv(eB,  a. 

1.  Capable  of  emulsifying.  2.  Of  the  nature  of  an  emulsion; 
softening.    3.  Producing  oil  on  being  pressed. 

e-munc'to-ry,  1  l-munk'to-rr,  2e-munc'to-ry.  I.  a.  Serving 
to  discharge  excrementltious  matter.  II.  n.  [-riesz,  pi.] 
An  organ  for  removing  waste  matter.  [<  I.I,,  cmunctorlum, 
snuffers,  <  L.  c,  out,  4-  mungo,  blow  the  nose.) 

en,  1  en;  2  en,  n.  1.  The  name  of  the  fourteenth  letter  In 
the  English  alphabet,  printed  N  or  n.  2.  Print.  Half  an  em. 
[<  L.  en,  the  letter  N.) 

cn-1,  prefix.    In;  into.    [F.,  <  L.  in-,  <  in,  in,  into.] 

cn-2,  prefix.    In.    [F.,  <  Gr.  en-,  <  en,  in.] 

-en,  suffix.  Used  (1)  to  form  verbs;  (2)  to  form  past 
participles  in  strong  verbs;  (3)  to  form  plural  of  verbs; 
(4)  to  form  feminine  of  nouns;  (M  to  form  plural  of 
nouns;  (G)  to  form  adjectives  denoting  material;  (7)  as 
a  form  of  -an.     [(1)  (a)  ME.,  also  -e,   <  AS.  -an,  -ian; 

(6)  <  AS. -nian.  (2)  <  AS. -en.  (3)  ME.,  also  -c,  <  AS. 
-en, -on, -an.    (4)  <  AS.  -cn.    (5)  <  AS.  -an.    (6)<AS.-cn. 

(7)  =   -AN.) 

cn-a'bl(ep,  1  en-<~'bl;  2  8n-a'bl,  vt.    [i;n-a'bl(f.)dp;  en-a- 

BLINO.]     To  make  able;  empower. 

en-act''1,  1  en-akt';  2  8n-act ,  vt.    1.  To  make  into  a  law. 

2.  To  carry  out  in  action;  perform.    3.  To  represent  a» 


Emu 


I 
II        I 

>m   .  Ml  r  .  ii-ilii   .  I  - 1  —  I  . 

kind  of 
.  n-l.r..il.l.  • 

«  ll-i  .illip'liii  III. 


was  and 

\\  in, 


i,  hope 

[<  P. 


It,  ""     tall,  rfi'         I : 

iii  i won,    -<  • 

.1,,  rare,  tic;  thai  «  hleh  oni  li 

illy,  the   fnii  ink  in  of  land      ln-clo'- 

slll  ,  Mil 

,n-<  ii   iiii-mii 

•  nlogj      1 1    . 
revel 

,  ll-l  onil-i-.!  ,   ■.         \  .  11  . 

I  i    -i i-i  ii. 

i  ii-i '      To 

i  n-i  him  'pa*  .   i  form  :i  boundary  about;  enoiroli 

.11-.  .mi  pasa-ment,  n 

i  ii  i  on    .  I.       .\  \\  \-i  obi  !■'; 

■  ill  for  a  i'  p  performance) 

rmer);  demand  a  repetition    II.  •>    Thecal] 

iome  pari  "t  a  performanoi 

tsell     III-  Igain;  onoe  more.    [F.J 

.  n-i  .inn  irr.  1  en-kaun'ter;  2  <  l- 

upon;  meel  as  an  adversary  .  mei  t  face  t"  face  oi 

mtrer,  <  L.  in,  in,  to,  +  contra, 

:.       ■  .    ITTAOI 

•  ii-iiiiiii  dr.         I.   \  coming  together,  especially  when 
d      '!.    \  host  li 
battle     8t«  Manner  <>f  meeting;  address.    [  <  I.  '"  i», 
.  gains)  1    S.vn.:  see  >.  -ms 

en-cour 'agCi  i  1  en-kor'ij;  2  fin-ear'ai,  ■<     [-aged;  -ao- 
t'li-ciir'.'inc1 ,  I  in'.  ]    1.  To  inspire  with  courage,  In 
resolul  •'•    I   ■  promote;  countenance. 

■< .  courage.] 

animate,  arouse,  cheer,  countenance,  embolden,  ex- 
■  rward,  hearten,  Impel,  Inspire,  Inspirit,  Instigate,  pro- 
mote, prompt,  rail;  Imulate,  urge  on.    See  ibet; 

md;  u8h;  console;  hu.p;  promoti       Prep.:  encour- 

ourage  a  person  in  a  course 
of  ;,.  i  oftener,  with  Inflnll 

•  Dcouraged  i>u  partial  success,  at  favorable 
Indlcat 

en-conr'age-ment,  n.   Theacl  of  encouraging,  or  that 

which  encourages.    Syn.:  Bee  help,     en-coor'ag-ing,  pa, 

<  living,  <t  tending  t"  give,  courage  <>r  confidence.  5 

ii  spii  [oi  -.    en-cour'ag-tag-ly, adv. 

i-i.-rrlin'Min,  1  en-krim'zn;  2  en-erim'gn,  of.    To  maki  crun- 

i  dden.  [en-3  m,  Illy.) 

cn'crl-nitc,  1  en'kn-noit :  2  cn'i  ri-nlt.  n.    A  fossil  crinold.   [< 

en-croach'S  1  en-krodh';  L!  fin-<  l"  in  nch  on 

another's  limits  or  rights  by  t-rraiiu:il  intrusion  or  aggres- 

1       i 'I     em  vcher,    <  en,  in,   +  croc,  hook.] 
en-croach'er,        en-eroacb'ment,  n.    1.  Entrance  upon 
thta  or  domain  of  another;  especially,  gradual  Intrusion. 
■  which  Is  gained  or  Belied  by  encroaching.    Syn.:  sec 
c;  INVASION. 

en-crnsl '.  etc.    Same  as  ini  bust,  etc. 

eii-cuni'luT,  1  en-kum'bar;  2  fn-cumTier,  vt.     To  ob- 
nr  binder  in  action  or  movement;  charge;  Imr- 

den.    [ <  OF.  encombrer,  <  en,  in,  +  conibrer,  oumber.] 

In-cum'ber:.    Syn.:  see  hinder. 
en-cuiii'braiK-e,   n.     That   which  encumbers;  a  lien  or 

liability;  burdensome  addition.     In-rum'branccJ.    Syn.: 

LOAD. 

enej  .,  encye.,  abbr.    Encyclopedia,  encyclopedic. 
en-cyc'll-cal,  1  cn-sik'li-kal;  2  en-cy>'ll-cal.     I.  a.    Intend!  d 
for  general  circulation;  circular:  said  ol  letters,    en-cye'- 
lli;.    II.  n.   II.  i".  < 'ft.  A  circular  letter  from  the  Pope  to  all 
the  bl 
(•ii-c)"(li)-pc'di-;»,  )  1  en-sai"klo-pi'di-a;2  8n-cy*elo-p8'- 
cii-cy"ilo-p;«-'di-a,  1  di-a,  n.   1.  A  work  containing  infor- 
mation on  all  subjects,  or  exhaustive  of  one  subjei  I    '!. 
[]■'.-]  Alien,  rk  (1751-1765)  by  some  of  the 

intellectual  leaders  of  the  French  Revolution.  3.  The 
entire  circle  of  knowledge.  (  <  Gr."  enkyklios,  in  a  cir- 
paidela,  education.) — en-cy"clo-pe'[or  -pse'Idlc,  a. 
ling  to.  Of  the  character  of,  or  proper  to  an  encyclo- 
pedia; comprehending  a  wide  range  of  topics.  en-ey"clo- 
|,  -p.e'dl-ac  or  -a-cal:;  en-CJ  "clo-pe'[or  -psc'ldl- 

il    .     en-rj  "clo-pe'[or     -pae']dl-ant. — en-cy"clo-po'Ior 
-pae'ldl-cal,    a.     en-ey"rlo-pe'[or   -pae'ldlst,    n.      1.    A 
for  or  compiler  of  an  encyclopedia.     2.  One  whose 
rarc  all  sciences.    3.  One  of  the  writers  of  the 

en-rysl  en-cyst',  n.  &  rf.    To  envelop  or  become 

en-cyst 'ed,  pa.    Enclosed  In  a  cyst. — 
en-cysl  'ment,  n.   en"eys-ta'tIont. 
end,  1  end:  2  find,  v.    1. 1.    1.  To  put  an  end  to;  « 

finish.    2.  To  form  the  end  of.    3.  To  termi- 
te dfe  of;  kill.    4.  To  fit  or  add  an  end  to  or  into. 
end.    II.,.    1.  To  come  toanend;  conclude. 
Z.  To  i     te  or  result.    3.  To  be  laid  at  or  by  the  end. 
[^  AS.  cnrlian,  <  endc.enii] 

S.vn.:  break  off,  cease,  close,  complete,  conclude,  di 

finish,  quit,  stop,  terminate,  wind  up.    That  ends,  or 
'!.  of  which  there  la  no  more,  whether  or  not  more  was 


lylh.    A 
odrnWrmrd  *l, 
,-l.lul  i  I.  Of  or  per- 

■  cranial 

■  .  In.  — 
i-lous, 

1 

:tid  with  or  as 

'[<  I..1' 

■ 

.  n-rii.iiii  mi.  hi,   n        1.  The 
of  ttttbmaxit  ■ 

-■  ',  oi  t    r.  --.  1  2.  A 

I     ;  in  a  set- 

t.  To  por- 

•     <  L.  in),  in. 

•  n-i  lil, ■n-'*. 
•  N-.  ho   rl-ou-     .  .  „■  .  i,..-rl-  'tie]  - 

toother  : 

•  n-i  l.iiur.  .ii- 


D  ;    t.N- 

.'{.     I  0 

in-i  low  '   . 
EWBi-  •  •  ii-'  lot'l  r.   n.—en- 


■■  ■■ 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    n  =  sing;    fhin,   this.         enallage 
275    2:  wolf,  do;  bo"ok,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  bdy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,    this,   endosperm 


Intended  or  needed;  that  is  closed,  completed,  concluded,  or 
finished  which  has  come  to  an  expected  or  appropriate  end. 
A  tumult  in  the  audience  may  cause  a  speech  to  be  ended 
when  it  is  neither  closed,  completed,  nor  finished,  nor.  in  the 
strict  sense,  concluded.  An  argument  may  be  closed  with 
nothing  proved;  when  an  argument  is  concluded  all  that  is 
deemed  necessary  to  prove  the  point  has  been  stated.  To 
finish  is  to  do  the  last  thing  there  is  to  do;  as,  "I  havey?n- 
ished  my  course,"  2  Tim.  iv,  7.  The  enumeration  is  com- 
pleted; the  poem,  the  picture,  the  statue  is  finished.  To  ter- 
minate may  be  either  to  bring  to  an  arbitrary  or  to  an  ap- 
propriate end;  as,  he  terminated  his  remarks  abruptly;  the 
spire  terminates  In  a  cross.  A  thing  stops  that  comes  to  rest 
from  motion;  or  the  motion  stops  or  ceases  when  the  object 
comes  to  rest;  slop  frequently  signifies  to  bring  or  come  to  a 
sudden  and  decided  cessation  of  motion,  progress,  or  action 
of  any  kind.  Compare  abolish;  cease;  do;  effect;  fin- 
ish; transact. — Ant.:  commence,  enter  upon,  found,  inau- 
gurate, initiate,  institute,  make  a  beginning,  open,  origi- 
nate, set  about,  set  out  (upon),  start,  undertake.    Compare 

INSTITUTE,  V. 

— end'ing,  n.  The  act  of  bringing  or  coming  to  an  end; 
also,  an  end;  extremity;  conclusion. 

end,  n.  1.  The  terminal  point  or  part  of  any  material 
object  that  has  length.  2.  The  part  of  an  object  that  is 
near  either  extremity.  3.  The  point  in  time  at  which 
some  process  ceases;  hence,  the  conclusion  of  any  work 
C.T  operation.  4.  The  farthest  limit  of  the  space  occu- 
pied by  any  extended  object.  5.  The  purpose  in  view. 
6.  An  inevitable  or  natural  consequence.  7.  The  close 
of  life.    8.  A  fragment.    [  <  AS.  ende.] 

Syn.:  accomplishment,  achievement,  bound,  boundary, 
cessation,  close,  completion,  conclusion,  consequence,  con- 
summation, design,  effect,  expiration,  extent,  extremity, 
finale,  finis,  finish,  fulfilment,  goal,  intent,  issue,  limit,  out- 
come, period,  point,  purpose,  result,  termination,  terminus, 
tip,  utmost,  uttermost.  The  end  is  the  terminal  part  of  a 
material  object  that  has  length;  the  extremity  is  distinctively 
the  terminal  point,  and  may  thus  be  but  part  of  the  end.  in 
the  general  sense  of  that  word;  the  extremity  is  viewed  as 
that  which  is  most  remote  from  some  center,  or  some  mean 
or  standard  position;  the  southern  end  of  South  America  in- 
cludes all  Patagonia,  the  southern  extremity  o^  point  is  Cape 
Horn.  Tip  has  nearly  the  same  meaning  as  extremity,  but  is 
said  of  small  or  slight  and  tapering  objects;  as,  the  tip  of  the 
finger;  point  in  such  connections  is  said  of  that  which  is 
drawn  out  to  exceeding  fineness  or  sharpness,  as  the  point  of 
a  needle,  a  fork,  or  a  sword;  extremity  is  said  of  something 
considerable;  we  do  not  speak  of  the  extremity  of  a  needle.  A 
goal  is  an  end  sought  or  striven  for,  as  in  a  race.  For  the 
figurative  senses  of  end  and  its  associated  words,  compare  the 
synonyms  for  the  verb  end;  also  for  aim;  consequence;  de- 
sign; event;  purpose;  keason;  termination.  — Ant.:  see 
synonyms  for  beginning. 

— end'sall",  n.  That  which  ends  all;  final  or  complete 
ending. — end'er,  n. — end'less,  a.  1.  Enduring  everlast- 
ingly; eternal,  2.  Having  no  end  in  space;  boundless;  in- 
finite. 3.  Continually  recurring;  incessant.  4.  Forming  a 
closed  loop  or  circle;  continuous.  Syn.:  see  eternal;  immor- 
tal; perpetual. — end'less-ly,  adv. — end'less-ness,  n. — 
end 'long,  adv.  1.  Lengthwise;  at  full  length.  2.  Contin- 
uously. 3.  On  end;  perpendicularly,  ende'longcf. — end'- 
most",  a.  Placed  or  being  at  the  extreme  end;  most  re- 
mote; farthest. — end'=or"gan,  n.  Physiol.  Any  organ 
adapted  for  the  reception  or  delivery  of  nervous  stimuli. — 
end  'wise,  adv.  With  the  end  foremost  or  uppermost ;  on 
end.    end'waysf. 

en-dam 'age,  1  en-dam'it;  2  en-dam'ag,  vt.  To  cause  damage 
to:  Injure.— en-dam 'age-men  tt,  n.    injury. 

en-dan 'ger,  1  en-den'jar;  2  en-d&n'ger,  vt.  1.  To  put  in 
danger.    2.  To  cause  danger  of. 

en-dear',  1  en-dir';  2  f-ii-df-r',  vt.  To  make  dear  or  be- 
loved.— en-dear 'ing,  pa.  1.  Making  dear  or  beloved. 
2.  Manifesting  affection;  caressing.— en-dear'ing-ly,  adv. 
— en-dear'ment,  n.  The  act  of  endearing;  an  expression 
of  love;  a  caress. 

en-deav'or,  I  1  en-dev'er;  2  6n-d8v'or.    I.  vt.  &  vi.    To 

en-dev'orH,  )  make  an  effort  to  do  or  effect;  undertake; 
exert  oneself  to  accomplish  an  objeci 

Syn.:  attempt,  essay,  strive,  try,  undertake.  To  attempt 
Is  to  bike  action  somewhat,  experimentally  with  the  hope  and 

purpose  of  accomplishing  a  certain  result;  to  endeavor  Is  to 

attempt  strenuously  and  With   firm   and   enduring    purpose. 

To  attempt  expresses  a  single  ad  ;  to  endeavor,  a  continuous 
exertion;  we  say  I  will  endeavor  (not  i  will  attempt)  while  I 
live.  To  attempt  Is  with  the  view  of.  accomplishing;  to  essay 
With  a  view  of  testing  our  own  powers.  To  Undertake  is  In 
accept,  or  take  upon  oneself  as  an  obligation,  as  some  busi- 
ness, labor,  or  trust;  the  word  often  implies  complete  assur- 
ance of  success:  as,  i  will  undertake  to  produce  the  witness. 

TO  Strive  suggests  little  of  I  hi-  result,  much  of  I  oil.  si  rain,  and 
contest,  In  seeking  It;  I  will  strive  to  fulfil  your  wishes.  /.  i  ., 
1  will  spare  no  labor  and  exertion  to  do  It.     Try  Is  the  most 


comprehensive  of  these  words.  The  original  idea  of  testing 
or  experimenting  is  not  thought  of  when  a  man  says  "I  will 
try."  To  attempt  suggests  giving  up,  if  the  thing  is  not  ac- 
complished at  a  stroke;  to  try  implies  using  other  means  and 
studying  out  other  ways  if  not  at  first  successful.  Try  is 
more  earnest;  endeavor  is  more  mild  and  formal.  — Ant.: 
abandon,  dismiss,  drop,  give  up,  let  go,  neglect,  omit,  over- 
look, pass  by,  throw  away,  throw  over,  throw  up. 

— en-deav'or-er,  n.    One  who  endeavors;  specifically,  a 

member  of  a  society  of  Christian  Endeavor. — en-deav'or- 

meutt,  n. 

en-deav'or,  1  n.     An  attempt  or  effort  to  do  or  attain 

en-dev'or9,  j  something;    earnest   exertion   for   an   end. 

[<  en-1,  +  F.  devoir,  duty.)    en-deav'ourj. 

Syn.:  attempt,  effort,  essay,  exertion,  struggle,  trial. 
Effort  denotes  the  voluntary  putting  forth  of  power  to  attain 
or  accomplish  some  specific  thing;  it  reaches  toward  a  defi- 
nite end;  exertion  is  a  putting  forth  of  power  without  special 
reference  to  an  object.  Every  effort  is  an  exertion,  but  not 
every  exertion  is  an  effort.  Attempt  is  more  experimental  than 
effort,  endeavor  less  strenuous  but  more  continuous.  An  effort 
is  a  single  act,  an  endeavor  a  continued  series  of  acts;  an  en- 
deavor is  sustained  and  enduring,  and  may  be  lifelong;  we 
do  not  have  a  society  of  Christian  Attempt,  or  of  Christian 
Effort,  but  of  Christian  Endeavor.  A  struggle  is  a  violent 
effort  or  strenuous  exertion.  An  essay  is  an  attempt,  effort,  or 
endeavor  made  as  a  test  of  the  powers  of  the  one  who  makes 
it.  See  aim;  attempt.  Compare  endeavor,  v. 
en-dee 'a-gon,  etc.  Same  as  hendecagon,  etc. 
en-dem'ic,  1  en-dem'ik;  2  en-dem'ic,  a.  Peculiar  to  or 
prevailing  in  or  among  some  (specified)  country  or 
people.  [<  Gr.  endemios,  native.]  en-de 'mi-alt;  en- 
dem'1-calt. 
En'di-cott,  1  en'di-kot;  2  en'di-cot.  John  (1589-1665).    An 

English  Puritan;  governor  of  Massachusetts  Bay  Colony. 
end'ing,  1  end'irj;  2  end'ing,  n.  1.  The  act  of  bringing  or 
coming  to  an  end;  also,  an  end;  extremity.  2.  Gram. 
The  concluding  letter  or  syllable  of  an  inflected  word,  as 
in  case*  and  tense=endings. 
ea'dive,  1  en'div  or  -daiv;  2  en'div  or  -dlv,  n.  A  herb  allied 
to  chicory;  also,  the  blanched  leaves,  used  as  a  salad.  [F., 
<  L.  intibis,  endive.) 
en 'do-, \  1  en'do-,  end-;  2  en'do-,  end-.  From  Greek  en- 
end-,  S  don,  within  ( <  en,  in):  combining  forms. — en"- 
do-car-di'tis,  n.  Pathol.  Inflammation  of  the  endocardi- 
um.— en"do-car'di-um,  n.  Anal.  The  endothelial  lining 
membrane  of  the  heart.  [+  Gr.  kardia,  heart.)-  en"do- 
ear'di-ac,  en"do-ear'di-aI,  a. — en 'do-carp,  n.  Hot.  The 
inner  layer  of  a  pericarp.  [+  Gr.  karpos.  fruit.]—  en'do- 
derm,  n.  1.  Embryol.  The  innermost  of  the  gernHayers  of 
the  embryo.  2.  Biol.  The  inner  layer  of  the  Integument  of 
an  organism.  [4-  Gr.  derma,  skin.]  en'to-dcrml. — en"- 
do-der'mal,  en"do-dcr'mic,  a.  —  en-dog'a-my,  n.  The 
custom  of  some  uncivilized  tribes  of  marrying  only  within 
the  tribe  or  political  group.  [+  Gr.  gamos,  marriage.)  — 
en  "do-gam 'ic,  en-dog'a-mous,  a. 
en'do-gen,  1  en'do-jen;  2  6n'do-g8n,  n.  A  plant  that  in- 
creases by  the  growth  of  new  vascular  and 
cellular  tissue  irregularly  among  that 
already  formed;  an  "inside  grower," 
so  called:  opposed  to  exonen.  [< 
Gr.  endon,  within,  ■+-  -genes,  <  ginno- 
mai,  be  born.)— en-dog'c-noiis,  a. 
Of,  pertaining  to,  or  like  an  endogen; 
growing   from  within. 

en"do-par'a-slte,  n.  a  parasite  that 
lives  in  the  Internal  pans  of  its  host, 
as  an  intestinal  worm.— cn"do-par"- 
a-slt'ic,  a.  —  en"do-phyi'lous,  a. 

Bot.  Arising  from  within  a  Sheath, 
as  t  In-  first  leaves  of  monocotyledons 
[+  Gr.  phyllon,  leaf.]— en'do-pliyte, 
n.   Bot.  A  plant  living  within  another 

organism,    usually   as    a   parasite,    as 

certain  alga;  and  fungi,  en'to-phj  tet. 
[+  Gr.  phyton.  plant.]-  eii'do-phy"- 
lal,  a.-    en"do-phyt'ic.  a.  —  en"d» 
phyt'i-cal-ly,    adv. — en-doph'y-tous 

a.    Enlom.     Living  within  wood,  as  cer- 
tain larva-.  [etc 

en-dorse'',  en-dors 'a-l)l(e''.       See  iniioiisk 

en'dos-mose",  1  en'dos-mo.s":  2  en'dos-mos" 
n.     1.  Osmose  In   that     direction     in  Whlol 

tin-  fluid  traverses  the  septum  most,  rapidly. 

'!.    osmose    from    an    oilier    vessel     lo    nm 

within  It.     [<  end    I    Or   OsmOS,  impulsion.  -     BtheO,  PUBh.) 

en'do-sperm,  n.  The  albumen  of  a  seed;  nutritive  substance 
within  the  embryo«sao  or  an  ovule.  en"do-the"ll-o'ma, ». 
Pathol,  a  cancerous  growth  developed  in  or  from  the  endo- 
thelium, i'ii"do-ilic'll-iiin,  n.  [-hi-A.pl.]  Aim/.  A  mem- 
brane, composed  of  flat,  thin  cells,  thai  lines  blood  vt  els, 
lymphatic  tubes,. and  cavities,  n  Gr.  thfli,  nipple.)  en" 
do-tlie'U-al,  a.— en"do-tlie'll-old,  a.     I. Ike  endothelium. 


Leaf    and    di- 
vided Stem  of 

an  Endogen. 


mil.  I 


,      ,  >t,  toe;  1  -  fl;  I  -  e;  go,  n6t,  Or,  won,        £19 


1.1      :    .• 

I  i 

II  I 

l>o»r  with, 

r  (hew 

.  ip  a  burden  of 

linking, 

IHMMIH      '  '•  -        I. .'.'t.  and  ;h-wii/  Involve  large  con- 

r  Intcr- 
■ 

r-  !  I    rt   .1  Mf  WMUIr  !'.     >  nr  pull  !,;>  •<!.".  I  he  presence  'if  :i 
fpjBajra  a'   .  .   »:'.■.-   .i  -•.!•<■  :  .''-  in    a  religion  which  It  would 

-ir.iln  and  re- 

:i  fuller 

pjPSSjSjesU  ■      '       ••,-•   A;..'.  ...i.ji.-i   than   '■>  ."      une  mnj 

her  than 

kfMM   hktMrlf  '••  '•■•'••••   w  hen  I!  romen       1  .i  afford  is  to  be 

■    i 

cx<c MSJSI   •..':■    -  ■.-  -      '  ..■»  dt   and   tndurr;  a-.    I   will  aWdi 

U>*  rvauli  persevere;   persist; 

dow  ii.  despair,  <iri » >i>. 

unb,  sur- 

■ 
fn-i  .  i  lure:  fortltudi 

n     Syn.:  see  pori  i- 

ro-d tiring,  pa.     Having  or  snowing 

mg-contlnulng.  Syn.: 

•  1 1 -<1  ii  r "  1 1 i kc - 1  >  . 

p  ml-dn,   PI.     <!r.   Myth. 

:  perpetual  youth  with  eter- 


in  .  -i  ii  j 


unction  to. 

ma  or  e-nfi'ma,  a. 
An  injection.    [  <  fir. 

I . 

•  iward 

'.'.  tile-  army  or 

•.r  militury  force  collectively. 
Mend.] 
aula* 

■    who  la  moved  by 

injure;  hut  In  mill- 

ii  ani- 
al  and 

,••*   .:.•<•:. -<•.■.    hostile  spirit   :mi|   | ju rjx ,  i- 

one  in  whom  theat- 
nt:  a  competU 

Hiving; 

oal  111  will;  rl 

'  -  ling.    Aii'T- 
opposea 
does  so  with  hostile  spirit,  or  perhaj 

Ant.: 
■ 

A  de- 
.  I»pr. 
work.] 

.      1. 

■;.  ii.i- 

i  tion. 

;.-  ration.     4. 

al  work.    5. 

of   which   a 

■  arer's  mind. 
.    i.  at  work,   <   «n.  In,   +   ergon, 

jWW;  WAKMTH. 


,o  <  r-Ki-t 'ir.  a     Having  or  displaying  enen 

en'  i-r-gc(  'l-i-ul : .     .'\n       ..    (.mm        i-n"- 

i.,  iii%.           in".  T-itrt  lis,  •     pi  The  Mi- 
ll pin aena  ol  mechanical  and  pi 

■  ingul  ihi  .1  from  \  II  en  'er-glse,  t, 

ell   rr-l  .ill',   '. 

.  m  in;  -vai  in..  |      I ..  depi  i\ fl  "i   nei ve, 

■   PJ     •!    fl    il 

t-nrr  '\.itr.  |  i.    Ri  ndi  "  .1  feeble 

•  nunate;   weakeni  rj      i        I  out,         rwrous, 

imi'mk.    en'er-va'tlon,  a,    The  aol  ol 

1 1 in:,  or  the  state  ol  being  enervated;  debllitj      en'« 

..r.  n  [e-neugh'l. 

i-iiniiii  .  adv.  (Scot  i  i :nough. 

en-fee 'bl  e*,  1  en-l  bl,  U,   [-bl(i  in*;  -bi  ata  | 

Si  ii.:  m-i    imi'mk       rii-fei-'hle-mciit.  Pi. 
in-lec'lilcr.  n. 

en-feoff'  ,  l  en  fef";  2  Bn  <■<'.  rt  Law.  To  sell  or  gjve  and 
lands  in  fee  to.     [<  Ol  .         i..  In), 

in.   •  ,  i  ii  i  |    en-feorf'ment,  n,    The  aol  or 

Instrument  by  which  an  estate  in  fee  I    transferred, 

en-fet'ter,  len-fet'or;  2  6n-fet'er,  vt    To  enchain. 

«'n"fl-l;i(lc\  1  en*u-16d';  L.'  en'fi  lad'.  I.  vt,  [-lao'i  i.1; 
-i  \n'i\..l  To  riiko  lengthwise  with  -hoi  or  misailea. 
ii  l.  Mil,  iii  A  fire  thai   may  rake  lengthwise 

:i  lini  be     1 2    \  posil  ion  exposed  to  :i  raking 

tiro.  2f.  A  straight  passage,  or  a  vista,  [F.,  <  mfller, 
thread.] 

en-fold',  etc    Same  as  infold,  etc. 

en-force',  l  en-fors';  2  en-fOry,  vt.  f-FOBCin'*;  -fobc'- 
is..  ]  1.  To  pul  into  exeoution  by  force;  compel  obedi- 
ence to;  ■  E<  cute,  as  laws.  2.  To  exact  or  obtain  author- 
itatively or  by  force.  3.  To  urge  forcibly  or  cogently. 
4  .  ro  impel;  urge;  compel.  (<  LL.°*  in,  in,  +  fortui, 
force.]  Syn.:  see  execute.— en-force 'a-blie'',  a.  en- 
force'ment,  n.  The  aol  ol  enforcing,  or  the  Btate  ol  being 
enforced;  compulsory  execution;  com  pulsion. 

en-fran'fhise,  1  en-fran'chu  or  -cTjoiz;  2  8n-fran'chis  or 

.  vt.     [-chiskp;  -CHIB-ING.]    1.  To  endow  with  a 

franchise,  as  the  ri^ht  to  vote.    2.  To  set  free,  as  hum 

bondage.     3.  To  adopt,  as  foreign  words. — en-fran'- 

ehlse-ment,  n, 

en-free't, «.   To  set  free,   en-free'domt. 

Eng.,  ubhr.  lEngland,  Kn^llsh. — eng.,  abbr.  Knglnccr,  en- 
graver, engraving. 

en-gage',  1  en-j^j';  2  en-Sa(>',  b.    [en-gaged';  eiN-OAa'- 

1     I.  /.     1.  To  bind  or  obtain  by  promise.     2.  To 

affect  favorably;  attract;  win  over.    3.  To  occupy  or 

f.     I'.   join  in   conflict   with.     5.   Meek.  To 

or  gear  with,    6.  To  stake;  pawn.    7.  To  entangle 

or  involve.    II.  i.    1.  To  bind  oneself  by  promise.    2. 

To  busy  oneself.    3.  To  begin  or  maintain  a  conflict.    4. 

Mech.  To  mesh,    [<  I.l  L.  in,  in,  +  LL. 

im,  pledge.]    Syn.:  see  hind;  employ;  interest;  oc- 

.  '  IV:   RETAIN. 

en-gaged',  pa.  1.  AlTlanced.  2.  Occupied  or  busy.  3. 
Arch.  Partially  sunk  or  built  Into  another  pari  ofastructure, 
or  so  appearing.  4.  Mich.  Geared  together;  driven  by 
gearing.  Syn.:eeeBU8Y;  industrious,  en-gage'ment, n. 
i.i  bead  ol  engaging.  'I.  The  condition  of  being  engaged; 
s  betrothal.  :i.  Bomething  that  engages  or  binds;  an  obliga- 
tion. 4.  Mil.  An  entering  into  or  being  In  battle;  a  battle. 
Syn.:  see  battle;  contract,  en-gag/lng,  pa.  Attracting 
Interest;  winning.  Syn.:  see  amiable. — en-gag'lng-ly,  adv. 
en-gen'der,  l  en-jen'der;  2  Sn-gSn'der,  v.  1. 1.  To  bring 
into  existence;  produce,  II.  i.  To  come  into  being. 
[<  L.F  in.  In,  +  genero,  beget.]     Syn.:  see  produce;  prop- 

AGATE. 
en-gild  '*,  1  en-Rild';  2  en-gild',  tt.    To  slid  or  brighten. 
en'gin(eH,  1  en'jin;  2  Sn'gin,  n.    1.  A  machine  l>y  which 

Common  Type  of  Horizontal  Engine. 


b,  >-\\  '.  crlln.itr;  tx,  cylin  1-  -  .1,-r'head;  eg,  c 

■    ■  ■  i    -r    1;  dc,  .iiek*crmnk;c.  ecce 

-^tr«p;  /,  foundati"n;  fa,  fly-wheel;   ,•/,  povcrnor;  p,  pullej;   «, 
crmuk*ih*ft;  tc,  stcani«chcB«;  nv,  Bteatn-valve;  vt,  valvc-Btem. 

power,  as  of  steam,  is  applied  to  the  doing  of  work;  spe- 
cifically, a  locomotive.     2.  Any  powerful  mechanism. 


_  1:»=  final;    l  =  habit;    alale;    an  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    6hin;    go;    n  =  sino;   Chin,  this,        endow 

877         2:  wplf,  do;   bfiok,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,   this.  enlist 


agency,  or  instrumentality.  3t-  Natural  talent;  ingenu- 
ity; skill.  [  <  LF  ingcuium,  <  in,  in,  +  gigno,  produce.] 
— en'glne=drlv"er,  n.  tEng.)  A  locomotive-engineer. — 
en'glne-ry,  n.  1.  The  management  of  engines  or  artillery. 
2.  Engines  collectively.  3.  An  artful  scheme.  4.  Any  power- 
ful agency. 

en"gi-neer',  1  en"ji-nlr';  2  fin"gi-Der'.  I.  vt.  1.  To  exe- 
cute or  manage  by  contrivance.  2.  To  plan  and  super- 
intend the  construction  of.  II.  n.  1.  One  versed  in  or 
practising  any  branch  of  engineering.  2.  One  who  runs 
or  manages  an  engine;  engine-driver.  3.  A  manager; 
inventor;  plotter,  en  'gin-erf. — en"gi-neer'ing,  n. 
1.  The  art  of  making,  building,  or  using  engines  and  ma- 
chines, or  of  designing  and  constructing  public  works  or  the 
like.    2.  Painstaking  management;  maneuvering. 

en-glrd',  1  en-gurd';  2  en-gird',  vt.  [en-girt'  or  en-gird'ed11; 
en-oird'ing.]  To  gird  about,  as  with  a  belt;  encompass; 
surround,    en-girt't. 

en-gir'dle,  1  en-gur'dl;  2  en-gir'dl,  vt.     To  encircle;  girdle. 

En  'gland,  1  In'gland ;  2  In'gland,  n.  The  southern  and  largest 
division  (50,890  sq.  m.;  pop.  35,368,900)  of  the  island  of 
Great  Britain. 


Sovereigns  of  England.* 


Began  to  reign 


Anglo«9axon  Line. 
Egbert 

Ethelwulf  (son) 
Ethelbald  (son) 
Ethelbert  (brother) 
Ethelred  I.  (brother) 
Alfred  the  Great 

(brother) 
Edward  the  Elder  (son) 
Athelstan  (son) 
Edmund  I.  (brother) 
Edred  (brother) 
Edwy  (nephew) 
Edgar  (brother) 
Edward  the  Martyr 

(son) 
Ethelred    II.,  the  Un- 
ready   (half  ^brother) 
Edmund   II.,   Ironside 

(son) 
Danish  Line. 

Canute  (son  of  Sweyn, 

a  Viking) 
Harold  I.,  Harefoot 

(son) 
Hardicanute  (half- 

brother) 
Saxon  Line  (Restored)  . 
Edward    the    Confessor 

(son  of  Ethelred  II.)  1041 
Harold  II.  (son  of  Earl 

Godwin)  1066 

Norman  Line. 

William  I.  1066 


871 
901 
925 
940 
946 
955 
957 

975 

979 

1016 


1017 
1036 


1039 


Began  to  reign. 

A.D. 

1087 
1100 
1135 


William  II.  (son) 
Henry  I.  (brother) 
Stephen  (nephew) 
Plantagenet  Line. 
Henry  II.  (grandson 

of  Henry  I.) 
Richard  I.  (son) 
John  (brother) 
Henry  III.  (son) 
Edward  I.  (son) 
Edward  II.  (son) 
Edward  III.  (son) 
Richard   II.    (grand- 
son) 
House  op  Lancaster. 
Henry  IV.  (grandson 

of  Edward  III.) 
Henry  V.  (son) 
Henry  VI.  (son) 
House  of  York. 
Edward    IV.    (great* 
grandson  of 
Edward  III.) 
Edward  V.  (son) 
Richard  III.  (uncle) 
House  of  Tudor. 
Henry   VII.    (great* 
great-great-grand- 
son  of  Edward  III.) 
Henry  VIII.  (son) 
Edward  VI.  (son) 
Mary  I.  (half-sister) 
Elizabeth  (half-sister) 


1154 
1189 
1199 
1216 
1272 
1307 
1327 

1377 


1399 
1413 
1422 


1461 
1483 
1483 


1485 
1509 
1547 
1553 
1558 


Sovereigns  of 
Began  to  reign. 
Stuart  Line.  a.d. 

James  I.  of  England  or 
VI.  of  Scotland  (son  of 
Mary  Queen  of  Scots, 
great-granddaughter 
of  Henry  VII.)  1603 

Charles  I.  (son)  1625 

Commonwealth  (dur- 
ing which  Oliver 
Cromwell  ruled  as 
Lord  Protector  1653- 
1658,  being  succeeded 
by  Richard  Crom- 
well, his  son,  1658- 
1659;  a  year  of  anar- 
chy follows)  1649 


Great  Britain. 

Began  to  reign. 
Stuart  Line  (Restored),  a.d. 
Charles    II.    (son   of 

Charles  I.)  1660 

James  II.  (brother)        1685 
House  of  Orange. 
William  III.    (nephew) 
and  Mary  II.  (daugh- 
ter of  James  II.)         1688 
Stuart  Line. 

Anne  (daughter  of 
James  II.)  1702 

House  of  Hanover. 
George  I.  (great-grand- 
son of  James  I.)  1714 
George  II.  (son)              1727 


Sovereigns  of  the  United  Kingdom. t 


George  III.  (grandson)  1760 
George  IV.  (son)  1820 
William  IV.  (brother)  1830 
Victoria  (niece  of  Wil- 
liam IV.)  1837 


Saxe-Cobukg  Line. 

Edward  VII.  (son) 
House  of  Windsor. 

( leorge  V ,  (son) 


*  The  British  Sovereign  has,  from  very  early  times,  been 
advised  In  the  conduct  of  the  government  by  a  Committee 
of  his  Privy  Council,  known  later  as  the  Cabinet. 

t  United,  1801. 

Relationship  is  to  previous  sovereign,  unless  otherwise 
stated. 

En'gland-er,  n.     A  native  of  England.— Llt'tic*En"gland- 

er,  n.    See  under  little. 


En'glish,  1  irj'ghsb;  2  In'glish.  I.  a.  Of,  pertaining  to. 
or  derived  from  England,  its  people,  or  its  language. 
II.  n.  1.  pi.  The  people  of  the  English  race  collectively, 
especially  those  of  Anglo-Saxon  origin.  2.  The  language 
of  the  English  peoples.  3.  An  English  rendering  or 
equivalent;  as,  "John"  is  the  English  of  the  French 
"Jean."  [<  AS.  Englisc,  <  Engle,  the  Angles. j— En- 
glish Channel,  a  strait  between  England  and  France,  con- 
necting the  North  Sea  with  the  Atlantic  ocean. — English- 
man, n.  [-men,  pi.]  1.  A  native  or  citizen  of  England.  2. 
Naut.  An  English  ship.    En'glish-ert. 

en-glut't,  vt.    1.  To  swallowup;  gulp  down.    2.  To  satiate. 

en-gorge',  1  en-gerj';  2  fin-gorg',  vt.  &  vi.  To  fill  to  excess; 
swallow  greedily;  devour. — en-gorge 'ment,  n. 

en-graft',  en"graf-ta'tion,   etc.     Same  as   ingraft,   etc. 

en-grail',  1  en-grei';  2  fin-gral',  v.  Ill .  2.  To  make  serrated  or 
indented.  II.  i.  To  form  a  border  in  wavy  or  indented 
lines.     [  <  F.  engriler,  <  en,  in-1,  +  grele,  hall.] 

en-grain',  1  en-gren';  2  Sn-gran',  vt.    1.  Same  as  ingrain. 

2.  To  grain  in  imitation  of  wood,    In-grain'i. 
en-grave',  1  en-grev';  2  Sn-grav',  vt.     [en-graved';  en- 

grav'ing.]  1.  To  cut  or  carve  upon  some  surface;  fash- 
ion or  copy  by  carving;  hence,  to  impress  deeply.  2. 
To  carve  figures  or  inscriptions  upon.  [  <  F.  engraver r 
<  en,  In,  +  graver,  grave.)  Syn.:  see  inscribe. — en-grav'- 
er,  n.  A  person  who  engraves. — en-grav'ing,  n.  1.  The 
act  or  art  of  cutting  designs  on  a  plate.  2.  An  engraved! 
design,  plate,  or  print.  Syn :  see  picture. 
en-gross  ",  1  en-gros' ;  2  6n-gros',  vt.  1.  To  write  in  a  bold, 
round  hand;  make  a  formal  transcript  of.  2.  To  occupy 
completely;  absorb.  3.  Formerly,  to  monopolize,  as  the 
supply  of  a  marketable  product.  [  <  OF.  engrossir,  < 
L.  in,  in,  +  LL.  grossus,  large.)  Syn.:  see  absorb;  employ. 
— en-gross'er,  n. — en-gross'ment,  n.  1.  The  act  of 
engrossing.     2.  Something  engrossed,  as  a  deed  or  charter. 

3.  The  state  of  being  wholly  occupied  with  something. 
en-gulf",  1  en-gulf;  2  en-gulf,  vt.    To  swallow  up  in  or  as 

in  a  gulf,    in-gulf't. 

en-hance',  1  en-hnns';  2  8n-hanc',  vt.  &  vi.  [en-hanced'1; 
en-hanc'ing.]  To  make  or  become  higher  or  greater  in 
degree,  measure,  or  importance.  [  <  OF.  en,  in,  + 
haiicer,  raise.)  en-hanse't.  Syn.:  see  aggravate;  height- 
en; increase. — en-hance 'ment,  n.     Increase;  advance. 

E'nid,  1  I'nid;  2  e'nid,  n.  In  Tennyson's  Idylls  of  the  King,  a 
lady  of  Arthur's  court,  the  wife  of  Geraint. 

e-nig'ma,  1  l-nig'me;  2  e-nig'ma,  n.  An  obscure  or  am- 
biguous saying;  a  riddle;  anything  that  puzzles  or 
baffles.  [<  L.  mnigma,  <  Gr.  ainigma,  <  ainos,  tale.] 
Syn.:  see  riddle.— e"nig-mat'lc,  e"nlg-mat'i-cal,  a.  Of 
or  like  an  enigma;  ambiguous;  puzzling.  Syn.:  see  equivo- 
cal; mysterious;  obscure. — e"nig-mat'i-cal-Iy,  adv. — 
e-nig'ma-tist,  n.  A  maker  or  propounder  of  riddles. — e- 
nig'ma-tize,  vi.  [-tized;  -tiz"ing.)  To  make  riddles; 
speak  enigmatically,    e-nig'ma-tiset. 

en-join',  1  en-jein';  2  fin-join',  vt.  To  lay  a  command  or 
injunction  upon;  charge;  command.  [  <  L.F  injungo,  < 
in.  in,  +  lungo,  join.)     Syn.:  see  command;  dictate. 

en-joy',  1  en-jei';  2  fin-joy',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  experience  joy 
or  pleasure  in;  receive  pleasure  from  the  possession  or 
use  of.  2.  To  have  the  use  or  benefit  of.  II  §.  i.  To  bo 
happy;  rejoice.  [<  OF.  enjoier,  <  en  ( <  L.  in),  in,  -f- 
joie,  joy.)    Syn.:  see  admire;  like;  rejoice. 

— en-joy 'a-bl(ep,  a.  Giving,  or  capable  of  giving,  enjoy- 
ment. -My,  adv. — en-joy  'er,  n. — en-joy 'ment,  n.  l.Thc 
act  or  state  of  enjoying;  pleasure.  2.  Something  that  gives 
Joy  or  satisfaction.  Syn.:  see  comfort;  entertainment; 
happiness;  satisfaction. 

en-kin'dl(c'',  1  en-kin'dl;  2  fin-kln'dl,  vt.  To  set  on  fire; 
kindle. 

cn-lace',  1  en-les';  2  fin-lac',  vt.  To  surround  with  or  as  with 
lace  or  laces;  entwine;  entangle. 

en-large',   1   en-larj';  2   Cn-larg',  v.      [en-larged';   en- 
larging.]   I.  t.     1.  To  make  larger;  increase;  expand. 
2.  To  set  at  liberty.     II.  i.     1.  To  become  large;  grow 
larger.     2.  To  express  oneself  atlength;  expatiate. 
Syn.:  see  add;  amplify;  increase. 

— en-large 'ment,  n.  1.  The  act  of  making  or  growing 
larger;  also,  the  state  of  being  enlarged;  an  addition  or  exten- 
sion. 2.  A  setting  at  liberty.  3.  Fulness  of  statement.  Syn.: 
see  accession;  increase. 

cn-ligllt'en,  1  en-lait'n;  2  en-llt'n,  vt.  1.  To  bestow  men- 
tal or  spiritual  light  upon;  impart  knowledge  to.  '.'"- 
To  (111  with  light;  light  up.  Syn.:  see  teach.— en-llght  '- 
ened,  pa.  Having  or  exhibiting  enlightenment;  having 
reached  the  highest  stage  of  civilization,  cn-llght  'en-er, 
n. — en-llght'en-ment,  n.  Moral  and  intellectual  ad- 
vancement.    Syn.:  see  wisdom. 

en-link',  1  en-link';  2  cn-llnk',  vt.  To  unite  by  links  or  Into  a 
chain;  connect  closely. — en-llnk'ment,  n. 

en-llst'fl,  1  en-list';  2  fin-list',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  engage  and 
place  upon  the  lists  for  service,  as  in  the  army.    2.  To 


"    •  "'   *<•:  full.rQl,-:  l.ut.  Mrn; 
'     loo ;  I  I      iro  .       176 

■.  it  ,1 .  improve  the  qualit}   ol      :t.    I  o  in 

i      udoi    ol       < n-rlrli'liuiil. 

•  making  ri«-ii  or  rioter;  that  whloh  tnrlol 
•  n-rlilRi  d't,        I    laod  In  i 

,  n-rliii;  '.    1    ■  I.  TO  CnotOM  Willi  or  aw 

.'.  I     rn  uhii  rings;  put  a  ring  on, 

rn-robi   .  I.   To  out  n  rob attire, 

.n-rnl  I '  .  1  I. 

rd    'i.  To  roll  up!  w  rap 
ite,  Initiate,   II 
i »  oho,  m.     Ant.:  disband,  • 

rii-riil'iiii'iil.  n.    1.  The  act  of  enrolling,    't.  A 
en-roll  

ill-r,.ol  '    ,   [  ,  -     -lit'      '  ,i,  '-    vi 

'ii.  ii v  iii  tin*  past  participle    ln-root'ti 
<n  rouir.  i  an  rnt; :.'  tin  rut,    <  >n  the  road 
i 

en-urn  'lib-  ,  1  en     im'pl;2  6n-e&m'pti  ft     Ah  example, 
in--. in  'k  ii  in  >■  .  1  en-aar/gwin:  2  en-eon/gwln,  vt.   [-OuINBdI 

or  Bteep  «  uii  blood;  dolor  blodd«red, 
cii-m  once'i  l  ■  ■■  '  "''  I 

oni  ino  )    To  6jc  Bocurelj  or  comfortably  in  some 
le  snugly. 
en-seal'  ,  1  a  lip;  put  a  seal  upon; 

i-ii--i-.hu  '  .        i -,.  marl  ■  caffs, 

rll-M'ltlll  '  I  .  'I.     Tn  I 

en-scar '1 .        i ,    ear  or  <ir\  up. 

en"8em  'ble,  1  ah'sfui'bl;  2  tin'siuYbl,  n.  The  i>.i  n  •<  ot  a  thing 
viewed  aa  :i  whole;  general  ellect.  [I  |  imii  ensemble, 
t,  neral  appearance;  total  i 

en-shel  'tei  belter. 

en-shield's,  rt.   To  protect,  aa  with  a  shield. 

en-shrine'j  1  en-anroin';  2  en-ehrln',  ./.  To  place  in  or 
aa  in  :i  shrine ;  cherish  devoutly;  1»-  a  shrine  for. — 
en-sbrine'ment,  n. 

en-shroud 'd,  1  en-ahraud';  2  en-shroud',  n.    To  cover 
hroud;  hence,  ti  i  enwrap  or  ci  u 

en-slf 'er-oust,  a.    Bearing  a  sword 

en 'si-form,  l  en'si-ferm;  2  Bn'si-fdnn,  a.    Sword«shaped, 
rtain  leaves.    (<  L.  eneie,  sword,  + -fohm  ] 

en'slen,  1     ■  En,n.     1.  A  distinguishing  flag 

or  banner;  Btandard.  'i.  A  military  or  naval  officer. 
ii  i  in  the  United  states  navy,  a  commissioned  officer  ol 
the  lowest  grade,  ranking  witb  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
arm;.  I        i    British  Infantry,  until  1871,  and  in  the 

Continental  army,  a  commissioned  officer  of  the  lowest 
grade,  now-  known  aa  sublieutenant. 

:{.  A  badge  or  symbol,  as  oi  office.  [  <  L.IJ'+*  insigna, 
<  in.  In,  +  signum,  mark.)— en'slgn-cy,  n.  [-ciesz.  pi.] 
The  function,  rank,  or  commission  of  an  ensign,  cn'sign- 
shlp  . 

enSi-lage,  1  en'si-lij;  2  en'ai-lag,  n.  The  process  of  pre- 
Bervii  fodder  in  ail  tight  pita  or  silos;  fodder 

-  d.    [FJ    si'laget- 

en-sk)  ',  1  en-ekal';  8  en-sky',  vt.  [Poet.]  To  fix  or  place  In  the 
in  heaven;  exalt;  Idealise. 

en-slave',  1  en-sleV;  2  fen-slaV,  vt.  To  make  a  slave  of, 
literally  or  figuratively;  bring  into  bondage. — en- 
alave'ment,  n.    bondage. 

en-snare',  1  en-snar/;  2  en-snftr',  vt.  [en-snared';  en- 
bnab'ikq.]  To  catch  in  a  snare;  entrap;  inveigle;  seduo  . 
Syn.:  Bee  i  \n  a;  deceive. 

en-sor'celti  vt.    To  bewitch,    en-snr'rellt. 

en-sphere',  1  en-am*';  2  eh-sfSr',  n.  1.  To  enclose  in  a  sphere 
ola    phere  to 

en-steep 't,  vt.  merse. 

en-sue',  1  en-sifi';  2  Sn-su'  [i  i»-fli  i  d';  en-su'- 

ino]     To  follow;  pursue;  follow  as  a  consequence;  re- 
sult.   [<   L.r  inscquor,  <  in,  on,  -f- 
(07,  follow.) 

en-sure*,  v.    Bami 

en-swathe',  Leo    weth';  2 en-ewsth', -**. 
To   enwrap,  as   in  swaddllng»cli 
en-swathe'ment,  n. 
ent..  entom., 

cn-lab'la-turc,    1   en-tab'la-cnur   or 
-tiur.  Ta-chur  or  -tor,  n.  1. 

Arch.  '  1 1  The  uppermo 

i  a  '  i  iimnar  system, 
projecting  frieze  or  cornice  of 
- 
difice.     Z.  A  platform.    [ 
in.  on,  +  tabula,  board.) 
en-tail',  1  en-tel';  2  en-tal'.    J.  vt.    1. 

'I  o  leave  or  fix,   by  or  as  by  entail,   upon  a  successor; 

bring  'her  as  a    COl  r  legacy.     2. 

the  inheritance  of  (lands)  to  a  par- 


II               1 
1 

. 

i.  mi 

.  .-.     |     ,  •.'..    .■  .-.      •  ■  .      .-  .,-,  ,  in  m>   or  llii>  fci-IInK 

-ff^WM.   c' 

,     ...        ■ 

lutein    Iii 

or  matter. 

BATRi  D. 

rrlendahlp,  bar- 

•  i.  nine: 

en  'ne-a-gon, 

and  nine 

,  o    in  -i-li.    ilr.il. 

•  o   ii.  -.i-ii,  'dron, 

[+  Gr. 

■      -lil.lM,]       To 

ty  upon. 

■  • .          i 

:                                 i  nobles  or 

ng  of  listless 

1 

II.            \   |i>  r- 

[F.j 

1 

l 

•  -ii,  r   in 

1.   i 

'.'.  \\  icki  '1 

LBGE. 

i                         letngout- 

e-nor'- 

•nof  iii,,ii--ii.  --. 

' 

1  —  i .  -  -  •  i  _;  f 

1.                            for  any 

■  -nut 

II.           ".ii  ample 

III.                                        I\. 

' 

........ 

rd,   while 

■I  pn-fi-r- 

•  -  o  ■  ■  o  li '  . 

■ 

1                                                             iiuiounce. 

■  -ii. oni.  .  'mi  n  : 

.  i .  -  ■    .  r ,  • 

■ 

. 

motion; 
'"''  -  -  or -tOr, 

[ravish. 

1.  To  ma 
2.   I     store  with  valuable  ftddi- 


Ionlc  Entablature. 


ticular  class.     II.  n.     1.  Anything  transmitted  as  an  in,- 


1: ft  =  final;    1=  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  sires;    Chin,   this.         enliven 
279       2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  b&y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,   this.       Entozoa 


alienable  inheritance.  2.  An  estate  limited  to  a  partic- 
ular class  of  heir.3,  as  eldest  sons.  3.  The  act  of  entail- 
ing, or  the  state  of  being  entailed.  [  <  L.LI-+F  in,  in,  + 
talea,  cutting.]— en-tall 'men  t,  re.  The  act  of  entailing, 
the  state  of  being  entailed,  or  that  which  is  entailed. 

en-tame't,  vt.    To  tame. 

en-tan'gl(ep,  1  en-tan'gl;  2  en-tan'gl,  vt.    1.  To  catch  in 
or  as  in  a  snare;  hamper;  perplex.     2.  To  twist  into  a 
tangle  or  snarl.    Syn.:  see  involve:  perplex. 
— en-tan'gled,  pa. — en-tan 'gle-ment,  re. 

«n"tente'1,  1  an"tuht':  2  aiVtant',  re.  An  understanding. 
[F.]— en"tente'  cor"di-ale',  cordial  understanding;  in 
politics,  friendliness  between  governments.  —  triple  en- 
tente, a  friendly  understanding,  more  or  less  informal,  be- 
tween goverunii  ins,  as  that  between  Great  Britain,  France, 
and  Russia  (1907-1917). 

en-tente'-t,  n.    Intention;  purpose. 

en'ter,  1  en'tar;  2  en'ter,  t>.  \.t.  1.  To  pass  from  without 
to  the  interior  of.  2.  To  pass  inward  through,  as  a  gate. 
3.  To  make  a  way  into;  penetrate.  4.  To  pass  within 
the  limits  of;  be  initiated  into.  5.  To  become  a  member 
of;  join.  6.  To  set  or  insert  in.  7.  To  enroll  on  a  list  or 
as  a  competitor  or  the  like;  record  or  file.  II.  i.  1.  To 
effect  an  entrance;  come  or  go  inward.  2.  Theat.  To 
appear  on  the  stage.  [  <  F.  entrer,  <  L.  intro,  <  in,  in.] 
Syn.:  come  in,  go  in,  invade,  penetrate.  "Come  in"  is 
said  by  one  who  is  within;  "go  in"  by  one  who  is  without. 
Enter  may  be  said  appropriately  by  either;  it  is  more  formal 
in  either  case.  See  arrive;  enroll;  pierce. — Ant.:  come 
out.  depart,  go  out,  issue,  leave,  quit,  vacate.  [inter-.] 

en'ter-,  prefix.    Same  as  inter-.    [<  F.  entre,  <  L.  inter;  see 

en-tere't,  vt.    To  inter;  bury. — en-tere'mentt,  re. 

en-ter'ic,  1  en-ter'ik;  2  en-ter'ie,  a.  1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the 
intestine;  as,  enteric  fever.  2.  Having  an  intestine.  [<  Gr. 
enleron,  intestine,  <  entos,  within.] 

en"ter-i'tis,  1  en"tor-ai'tis  or  -I'tis;  2  en"ter-I'tis  or  -i'tis,  re. 
Pathol.  Inflammation  of  the  intestines,  particularly  of  the 
small  intestine.    [<  Gr.  enleron;  see  entero-.] 

en'ter-o-,  1  en'tar-o-;  2  en'ter-o-.  From  Greek  enleron, 
intestine  ( <  entos,  within,  <  en,  in):  a  combining  form. 
— en'ter-on,  re.  [-ter-a,  pi.]  The  entire  intestine  or  ali- 
mentary canal. — en"ter-ot'o-my,  re.  Dissection  or  sur- 
gery of  the  intestines.  [+  Gr.  temno,  cut.] — En"ter-o-zo'a, 
re.  pi.  Zool.  1.  The  Melazoa.  2.  The  Entozoa.  [+  Gr. 
zoon.  animal.]  —  en"ter-o-zo'ie,  a.  —  en"ter-o-zo'on,  re. 

en'ter-prise,  1  en'tar-praiz;  2  en'te.r-pris.,  n.  1.  Any  pro- 
jected task  or  work;  an  undertaking.  2.  Boldness, 
energy,  and  invention  in  practical  affairs.  [  <  F.  entre- 
prise,  <  entreprendre,  undertake.]  en'ter-prizeat;  cn'ter- 
prysef. — en'ter-pris"ing,  pa.    Energetic  and  progressive. 

en"ter-tain',  1  en"tar-ten';  2  en"ter-tau',  v.  I.  I.  1.  To 
receive  and  care  for,  as  a  guest.  2.  To  afford  amusement 
to;  divert.  3.  To  take  into  consideration;  hold  in  mind, 
as  an  opinion.  4||.  To  keep  up;  maintain;  hold.  51".  To 
while  away;  occupy  pleasantly.  II.  i.  To  receive  and 
care  for  guests.    [  <  L.K  inter,  among,  +  teneo,  hold.] 

Syn.:  amuse,  beguile,  cheer,  delight,  disport,  divert,  en- 
liven, gratify,  interest,  occupy,  please,  recreate.  To  enter- 
tain, in  the  sense  here  considered,  is  to  engage  anil  pleasantly 
occupy  the  attention;  to  arnuse  is  to  occupy  the  attention  in 
an  especially  bright  and  cheerful  way,  often  witii  that  which 
excites  merriment  or  laughter;  as,  he  entertained  us  with  an 
amusing  story.  To  divert  is  to  turn  from  serious  thoughts  or 
laborious  pursuits  to  something  that  lightly  and  agreeably 
occupies  the  mind;  one  may  be  entertained  or  amused  who 
has  nothing  serious  or  laborious  from  which  to  be  diverted. 
To  recreate,  literally  to  re-create,  is  to  engage  mind  or  body 
In  some  pleasing  activity  that  restores  .strength  and  energy 
for  serious  work.  To  beguile  is,  as  It  were,  to  cheat  into  cheer 
and  comfort  by  something  that  insensibly  draws  thought  or 
feeling  away  from  pain  or  disquiet.    We  heguili  a  weary  hour, 

cheer  the  despondent,  (Unit  1 1 1 < ■  preoccupied,  enliven  a  dull 
evening  or  company,  gratify  our  friends'  wishes,  entertain, 
interest,  please  a  listening  audience,  occupy  idle  time,  disport 
ourselves  when  merry,  reer,  ate  when  worn  with  toll;  we  amuse 
ourselves  or  others  with  whatever  pleasantly  passes  the  time 
without  special  exertion,  each  according  lo  his  taste.      See 

accommodate;  amuse;  cherish;  interest.     Ant.:  annoy, 

bore,  busy,  disquiet,  distract,  disturb,  tire,  weary. 

— en"tcr-tain'a-bl(e'',  a.  —  en"tcr-taln'er,  n. — en"- 
ter-taln'lnir,  pa.  Of  a  character  to  entertain;  amusing; 
divert  Inn.    -|y,  adv. 

en"ter-taln'ment,  1  en"ter-t§n'mant  or  -menl ;  2  Bn'ter- 
tan'nient,  n.  1.  Hospitable  accommodation;  hospital- 
ity.   2.  A  diverting  performance;  amuse nt,    3.  The 

act  of  entertaining  in  the  mi  ml,  as  :i  proposal. 

Syn.:  amusement,  cheer,  delight,  diver:  ion,  enjoyment, 
frolic,  fun,  merriment,  pastime,  pleasure,  recreation,  sport. 
Entertainment  and  recreation  Imply  thought  and  mental  oc- 
cupation .  tho  in  an  agreeable,  re  tie, shim:  wa  y ;  they  are  there- 
fore words  of  a  high  order.  Entertainment  Is  used  of  some- 
what mirthful  mental  delight;  recreation  may,  and  usually 


does,  combine  the  mental  with  the  physical.  Amusement 
and  pastime  are  nearly  equivalent,  the  latter  probably  the 
lighter  word;  many  slight  things  may  be  pastimes  which  we 
should  hardly  dignify  by  the  name  of  amusements.  Sports 
are  almost  wholly  on  the  physical  plane,  tho  involving  a  cer- 
tain grade  of  mental  action,  fox«hunting,  horse=raeing,  base- 
ball, etc.  Cheer  may  be  very  quiet,  as  the  cheer  of  a  bright 
fire  to  an  aged  traveler;  merriment  is  with  liveliness  and 
laughter;  fun  and  frolic  are  apt  to  be  boisterous.  Compare 
entertain;  frolic;  sport.  —  Ant.:  ennui,  fatigue,  labor,  las- 
situde, toil,  weariness,  work. 

en"thel-min'tha,  1  en"£hel-min'fha;  2  en"thel-mln'tha,  n.  pi. 
Worm=like  entozoans.  [  <  ent-  (see  ento-)  +  Gr.  helmin{th-)s, 
worm.]     en"thel-min'thest. — en"thel-mln'thlc,  a. 

en-thrall',  1  en-thrdl';  2  Sn-thral',  vt.  To  bring  under 
any  overmastering  influence;  enslave.  en-thral'J. — 
en-thral'ment,  re.    en-thrall'mentf. 

en-throne',  1  en-£hron';  2  8n-thr6n',  vt.  [en-throned'; 
en-thron'ing.]  To  put  upon  a  throne;  invest  with 
sovereign  power. — en-throne'ment,  n. 

en-thu 'si-asm,  1  en-thiu'zi-azm;  2  fin-thu'.si-asm,  n.  1. 
Earnest  and  fervent  feeling;  ardent  zeal  for  a  person  or 
cause.  2||.  Irrational  religious  ecstasy.  [<  Gr.  en- 
thoustasmos,  <  en,  in,  +  theos,  god.] 

Syn.:  ardor,  devotion,  eagerness,  earnestness,  ecstasy,  ex- 
citement, extravagance,  fanaticism,  fervency,  fervor,  frenzy, 
inspiration,  intensity,  passion,  rapture,  transport,  vehe- 
mence, warmth,  zeal.  The  old  meaning  of  enthusiasm  im- 
plies a  pseudo=  inspiration,  an  almost  frantic  extravagance  in 
behalf  of  something  supposed  to  be  an  expression  of  the 
divine  will.  This  sense  remains  as  the  controlling  one  in  the 
kindred  noun  enthusiast.  Enthusiasm  has  now  chiefly  the 
meaning  of  an  earnest  and  commendable  devotion,  an  Intense 
and  eager  interest.  Against  the  hindrances  of  the  world, 
nothing  great  and  good  can  be  carried  without  a  certain  fer- 
vor, intensity,  and  vehemence;  these  joined  with  faith,  courage, 
and  hopefulness  make  enthusiasm.  Zeal  is  burning  earnest- 
ness, always  tending  to  vigorous  action  with  all  the  devotion 
of  enthusiasm,  tho  often  without  its  hopefulness.  Compare 
eager;  warmth.  —  Ant.:  calculation,  calmness,  caution,  cold- 
ness, deadness,  dulness,  indifference,  lukewarmness,  policy, 
prudence,  timidity,  wariness. 

— en-thu  'si-ast,  re.  One  prone  to  or  moved  by  enthusi- 
asm; an  ardent  adherent;  zealot. — en-thu"si-as'tlc,  a. 
Given  to  enthusiasm;  ardent;  zealous.  en-thu"si-as'ti-call . 
Syn.:  see  eager;  sanguine. — en-thu"si-as'tl-cal-ly,  adv. 

en'tuy-meme,  1  en'thi-mim;  2  dn'thy-mem,  re.  Logic.  An 
argument  in  which  one  of  the  premises  of  the  syllogism  is 
suppressed.    [<  Gr.  enlhymema,  <  en,  in,  +  thymos,  mind.] 

en-tice',  1  en-tais';  2  §n-tic/,  vt.  [en-ticed''  ;  en-tic'ing.] 
To  draw,  or  attempt  to  draw  (especially  into  evil), 
through  the  desires,  hopes,  etc.;  allure.  [  <  OF.  enticer, 
entice.)  Syn.:  see  allure;  charm;  draw;  persuade. — en- 
tlce'ment,  re. — en-tlc'er,  re. — en-tie'ing,  pa.    -ly,  adv. 

en-tire',  1  en-tair';  2  £n-tlr'.  I.  a.  Complete  in  all  its 
parts;  undivided;  unbroken;  unqualified;  whole.  II.  re. 
The  whole;  the  entirety.  [<  F.  entier,  <  L.  integer, 
whole.) 

Syn.:  see  perfect;  radical. — en-tlre'ly,  adv.— en-tlre'- 
ness,  re.  The  state  of  being  entire. — en-tlre'ty,  n.  1.  Entlre- 
ness.    2.  That  which  is  entire;  a  whole.    Syn.:  see  aggregate. 

cn-ti'tle,  1  en-tui'tl;  2  fn-ti'tl,  vt.  [-tled;  -tlinc.]  1.  To 
give  a  title  to.  2.  To  authorize  to  receive  or  require. 
[  <  L.F  in,  in,  +  titulus,  title.] 

en'ti-ty,  1  on'ti-ti;  2  en'ti-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi.]  Anything 
that  exists  or  may  be  supposed  to  exist;  being.  [  <  LL. 
entitas,  <  en(t-)s,  ppr.  of  sum,  am.) 

en'to-,  ent-,  1  en'to-,  ent-;  2  8n'to-,  ent-.  From  Greek 
entos,  within,  interior  (<  en,  in):  combining  forms. 

en-toll 't,  Vt.    To  bring  into  the  toils;  ensnare. 

en-tomb',  1  en-turn';  2  en-t<>m',  vt.  To  place  in  a  tomb; 
bury.  Syn.:  see  bury;  hide.— en-tomb'cr,n.— en- tomb '- 
ment,  n 

cn"to-mol'o-gy,  1  en"to-mel'o-ji;  2  Pn"to-mol'o-gy,  n. 
The  branch  of  zoology  that  treats  of  insects,  or  a  treatise 
upon  it.  [<  Gr.  entomon,  an  insect,  +  -logy.] — en"(o- 
mo-lojr '1-cal,  a.  <•■  i " <  ti- 1 1 io-i i >g  'lc X ■  — -en" to-mol 'o-gls t , 
re.    A  student  of  entomology. 

en- top 'tic,  ]  en-top'tik;  2  cn-top'tic,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
i  in'  Interior  ol  the  eye,  or  to  the  perception  of  objects  depeo 
dent  on  the  eye  itself,  and  not  on  any  thing  external  to  It;  as, 
entopttc  phenomena.  [<:  ento-,  ent-,  i  Or.  optikos,  optic.) 
en-top'tl-cal-ly,  adv.  en- top 'tics,  n.  The  science  of 
the  eye  with  reference  to  lis  Interior  functions  and  the  t>iie 
nomena  of  visual  perception, 

cn"lou"raK<'\    1    iin"lii"ni;',':   \l  iih"Hl"riizh',   n.      Associates, 

companions,  or  followers  collectively;  environment.    [F.] 
En"to-zo'a,  1  en'to-zO's;  :z  en'to-zO'a,  n.  pi,  Zool.  Animals 
parasitic  within  the  bodies  of  others    I      ento-,   l  Qr.zOon, 
animal.]     en"to-ao'an.    I.  </.     Entozoic.    II.  «.    One 

of  the  Entozoa.     cir/'lo-zo-a'rl-an!.      en"t0-10'lc,  a       I. 

Living  within  another  animal;  of,  pertaining  to,  or  caused  by 


rpll 


11   i..- 1..  on, 

i 

I 

I 

. 
I 

■ 

procure, 

I 

- ;  into  or 
I.  a  taring;  adn.it- 


■  in.  . 
II 

i-  ii- 1  ri  i  ■  it.    To  take  or  catch  in  a 

-i.are.     SlTU  see  CATCH;  DL- 

tz  ■    Up. 

I .  with  im- 

'.'   .    .  [  < 

it.]    Syn.:  sw  .\-k: 

i  lng-ly,  en- treat 'men t    .  n.    Personal 

•  n-ir.  .11   >  .  \:,  •  arm  si 

I 

inordinate  die 

I.  '      1.  To 

i  ln-trench'i. 

in.  ni.        i  ,.  of  earth,  pn 

3. 

In- 
i : . 

..  ah'tre-po',  n.     1.  A  distributing 
enter  -.house.     [F.,   <  L. 

Phytta.  In  thermo- 
:  i  with 
.'ropia, 
•urn.] 

1.  To 
o   place  In  charge.     In-tru>t':.     Bra 

-',  pi]    L  1 
! 
'■■  g  in  a 

in,  in.]    Syn.:  see 

rwisT. 
.  inter- 


ne', . 


rlf-alr.  >;  -AT"- 

1  from  a 

I  extracting  a 

[-AT*- 

-   numero,  number.] 


t-ou'n. 


1.  Detailed  mention  of  things  In 


i  ..  ■'.     :  ot,  ftr;   full,  rQl.-:   but.  LOrn; 

i     .   1-0;  I- 6;g0,  ndt,  Or,  u6n,       'SO 

I    Phi         of  ai  oertalnlng  »  Dumber 
nr;  bboo&d,    e-nu'mer-a'tlTCe", 

nu  mi  [->'  lor, 
I--IMIII  i  i-.iii .  I  \  i" 

i.i      ..i  liculate;  utti  r ;  (peak,     ".'.    I  •• 
•     I    a,  "in ,    |    nunrius, 
i  i  \k 
.  -iniii"<  i-.i 'Him.  n      i.    i  in-  utterance  ..r  mode  of 
X.  I  •  ■  -iiun- 

il-i-ih    i    .         i-iiiin  Yl-si-to-r)  : .      i-niiu  '<t-a"tor,  n 

rii-iin-'.  i  .h  \fu\  :.'  ."II- > vi r* .  \t     To  come  lulu  operation; 

be  m\  nihil. lr.    [  -   im  iik  ] 
.  n-\.  i  k-l.  ' . 

en-Tel  'i>i>  .    i  !■      rel'ap;  2  6n-veTop,  vt    1.  To  surround 
en-Tel 'ope  .  |       i  wrapper;  li<-  or  be  round  ..r  about     "'. 

in,  or  as  in,  a  wrapper,    |-    I    vnvelopptr,  < 

K  BAP  I      en-\il  iip-lin-lll,  n. 

en-vel 'op,    (  1  an-vel'op  or  en'vi  I6p;  :.'  8n-vi  I'op  or  en'- 

en-Tel'ope, )  ve-lop,  >,.     1.  A  ease  ..r  wrapper  ..i  paper 

with  gummed  edges,  f..r  enoloeing  a  Letter  ..r  the  Like, 

'!.   \n>  enclosing  oovering. 

i-ii-M-n  uin.  i  .  i.  .,  :, '. n  iii,  vt.    To  impreg- 

tfa  venom;  poison;  render  vindictive. 
Bni .  Exl ..  Inordinary, 

en  '\  1— :»—■»!  c',  1  i-n'\  i-.. -I.I ;  2  Bn'vi-a-bl,  a.    Adapt  >'.  I  to 

••■  envy. — en'Tl-a-bly,  adv. 
en'vl-ous,  1  en'vi-us;  2  Bn'vi-fis,  a,    1.  Cherishing  envy; 
characterised  by  envy.    '-It.  Hating;  bearing  ill  will. 
Syn.:  jealous,  suspicious,    One  Is  envii  u    who  cherishes 
.  m  «  ni  toward  another  because  <>f  bis  superior 
endowments,  possessions,  or  the  like.    A  persoi 
that  w  bich  im  another's,  and  to  which  he  hlmseU  has  no  right 
or  claim;  be  Is  jealous  of  Intrusion  upon  that  which  Is  his 
own.  or  In  which  he  maintains  a  riu-h!  or  claim.     An  i 

spirt)  Is  always  bad  ilrii  may  be  good  <>r  bad,  ac- 

cording to  it-s  object  and  tendency.     A  free  people  mils!  be 

jealous  of  their  liberties  if  tiny  would  retain  them.  One  Is 
susptci'i  n  at  another  from  unfavorable  indications  or  from 
a  knowledge  ot  wrong  In  his  previous  conduct,  or  even  with- 
out reason.  Compare  doubt.  Ant:  contented,  friendly, 
kindly,  satisfied,  trustful.  wenVdIsposed. —  Prep.:  Envious  o/ 
(formerly  at  or  ago  m;  envious  of  his  wealth  nr 

power;  envious  of  him  for,  because  of,  on  account  of  his  wealth 
or  power. 

<-irii-ous-ly,  nrfr. — en'Tl-ons-ness,  ■ 
cn-ii'ron,  1  en-vai'ran;  2  ett-vfron,  vt.    To  be  or  extend 
ileti  ly  i  oclose;  surround.    [<  F.  environner, 
round.]    Synj  see  embrace.—  en-Tl'ron-ment, 
n.    1.  u  hateverencompasses;one'ssurroundingsorexternal 
circus  ectlvely.  ■  2.  The  act  of  environing,  or  the 

ot  being  environed     en-vl'ron-men-tal,  a.    en-vl'- 
rons,  n.  pi.    The  surrounding  region;  outskirts:  suburbs, 
en- vis 'age,  1  en-vlz'ij;  2  en-vls/ag,  vt.    [-aged: -ao-ino.]    1. 
To  look  Into  the  countenance  of ;  In  philosophy,  to  apprehend 
directly,     %.  To  pn  image.     [<  F.  envis- 

■  -.  <  en  (<  L.  In).  In:  and  see  VBAGE.] 
en'voy1,  1  en'voi;  2  Bn'v6y,  n.    A  diplomatic  agent  below 
an  ambassador;  a  messenger.    [<  F.  entoyi,  prop.  pp. 
i  ad  ] 
en-TOj  '    ,  1  en-vei';  2  ftn-voy',  n.    1.  a  postscript  to  or  the 
•     ;    '       generally  printed  rensof.    2.Theact 
Ot  »  :  :e  or  a  messenger.    [OF.] 

en'Ty,  1  en'vi;  2  gn'vy,  r.    [en' vied;  BN'vr-mo.]    1. 1.    1. 
To  feel  a  grudge  toward  (another)  on  account  of  covet- 
ing what  be  possesses  or  enjoys.     2.  To  view  with  admi- 
ration   and   d(  -ire    to   possess  with   or  without   ill  will 
rd  the  possessor:  often  with  double  object;  as.be 
you  your  wealth,    II.  i.    To  feel  or  show  envy. — 
en'rl-er,        en'vy-fng-Iy,  adv. 
en'Ty j  n      U  n'vzeb',  ;</.]    1.  Selfish  and  unfriendly  grudg- 
ing in  view  of  what  another  enjoys;  in  a  mild  sei 

og  f.-r  a  good  possessed  by  another,  without  ill  will 

2.   An   objei  I    ol    envy,     3t. 

Hatred;  ill-will.    (  <  F.  envie,  <  L.invidia,  <  in,  upon,  + 

en-wheel't,  vt.     [Poet. J  To  encircle  or  surround. 

en- wind',  1  en-walnd';2en-wlnd',  rt.   To  wind  or  coll  around. 

en-womb',  1  en-wumb';  2  Sn-womb',  n.  [Poet.]  To  hold  in 
the  womb;  <■■  ■•■  omb. 

en-wrap'',  1  en-rap1;  2  en-rip',  vt.  To  enfold  In  awTapper; 
wrap  up     In-wrap't. ^en-wrap 'men t,  n. 

en-wreathe',  1  en-nth':  2  en-nth',  u.  [kn- wreathed';  en- 
v.  RE  iTH'mo.]  To  encompass  with  or  as  with  a  wreath.  In- 
Hre.itlie':. 

en'zym,    /  1  en'zim:  2  en'zym.  n.  Chem.  An  unorganized  or 

en  '/>  me,  i  bemlcal  compound  of  vegetable  or  animal  origin 
that  i  leal  transformation,  as  fermentation,  etc. 

[  <  Gr.  eruumos,  fermented,  <  en.  In,  +  zymi,  leaven.) 

E'o-cene,  1  I'c-sln;  2  r-'o-cen.  I.  a.  Of,  pertaining  to.  or  ex- 
isting In  the  earliest  epoch  of  the  Cenozolc  era.  E"o-cen'- 
lo:.  II.  n.  The  earliest  period  of  the  Cenozoic  era.  [<  Gr. 
103,  dawn,  +  kainos,  new.] 


l:a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  owt;    ell;    IQ=»feud;    cfhin;    go;    rj  =  sine;    thin,   this,     entr'acte 
281       2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    bit,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.      epilogize 


E-o'li-an,  )  1  i-o'h-en;  2  e-6'li-an.    I.  a,    1.  Pertaining  to 

j^-o'li-an, )  /Eolus,  the  god  of  the  winds.  2.  [e-]  Hence, 
pertaining  to  the  winds;  produced,  moved,  or  borne  by 
the  wind;  aerial.  3.  Eolic.  II.  n.  A  member  of  the 
Eolic  division  of  the  Greek  race. — Eolian  barp,  E.  lyre, 
a  stringed  instrument  that  gives  forth  musical  sounds  when 
exposed  to  a  current  of  air. 

E-ol'ic,  >  1  i-el'ik;  2  e-ol'ie.    I.  a.    Pertaining  to  Eolis,  in 

jE-ol'ic,  J  ancient  Greece,  its  people,  or  their  language. 
II.  n.  The  dialect  of  the  Greek  language  spoken  by 
the  Eolians.     Ai-ol'icJ. 

e"o-llth'lc,  1  I'o-litli'ik;  2  e'o-lith'ic,  a.  Geol.  &  Arcfieol.  Of 
or  pertaining  to  the  earliest  period  of  the  stone  age.  [<  Gr. 
eos,  dawn,  4-  litlws,  stone.) 

E.  O.  M.,  abbr.     End  of  month. 

e'ou,  )  1  I'en;  2  e'on,  n.    An  incalculable  period  of  time; 

ae'on,  J  an  age;  eternity.     [<  L.  Beon,  <  Gr.  aion,  age.] 

E'os,  1  i'es;  2  e'os,  n.  Gr.  Myth.  The  goddess  of  the  dawn; 
daughter  of  Hyperion;  the  analog  of  the  Roman  Aurora. 

E"o-zo'ic,  1  ro-zo'ik;  2  e"o-zo'ic.  I.  a.  Geol.  Of  or  pertaining 
to  the  upper  portion  of  the  Archaean  series  of  rocks,  immedi- 
ately underlying  the  Paleozoic.  II.  n.  The  Upper  Archaean 
rocks.    [<  Gr.  eos,  dawn,  +  zbe,  life.) 

Ep.,  Epls.,  abbr.    Epistle. 

ep'act,  1  ep'akt;  2  ep'act,  n.  1.  The  excess  of  the  solar  year 
over  12  lunar  months,  generally  about  1 1  days.  2.  The  num- 
ber of  days  in  the  age  of  the  moon  on  the  first  day  of  any  par- 
ticular year.    [<  Gr.  epakte,  <  epi,  to,  +  ago,  lead.] 

E-pam"i-uon'das,  1  i-pam"i-nen'das;  2  e-pam"i-n6n'das,  n. 
A  Theban  statesman,  3d  century  B.  C;  twice  defeated  the 
Spartans. 

ep'aroh,  1  ep'ark;  2  ep'iire,  n.  1.  The  chief  administrator  of  a 
Grecian  eparchy.  2.  Gr.  Ch.  A  Russian  metropolitan  or 
other  bishop. — ep'ar-chy,  n.  [-chiesz,  pi.]  1.  In  ancient 
Greece,  a  province;  in  modern  Greece,  a  subdivision  of  a 
province.    2.  Gr.  Ch.  A  Russian  diocese.    [<  Gr.  eparchia, 

<  eparchos,  <  epi,  on,  +  areho,  rule.] 

ep'au-let,  1  ep'e-let;  2  ep'a-let,  n.  A  fringed  shoulder^ 
ornament  of  commissioned  officers:  now  largely  replaced 
by  the  shoulder=strap.  [  <  F.  epaulette,  dim.  of  epaule, 
shoulder.]     ep'au-lettej. 

e"pau"liere',  1  e"po"lyar';  2  e"po"lyer',  n.  [F.]  A  protecting 
shoulder=piece  in  medieval  armor. 

ep-en'the-sis,  1  ep-en'£hi-sis;  2  ep-en'the-sis,  n.  Gram. 
The  insertion  of  a  letter  or  syllable  within  a  word.  [  < 
Gr.  epenlhesis,  <  epi,  upon,  +  en,  in,  +  tithemi,  place.] 

e-pergne',  1  i-pfjrn'  or  (F.)  e"pern';  2  e-pern'  or  (/>'.)  e"pern', 
n.  An  ornamental  centerpiece  for  a  dinner=table.  [Prob.  < 
F.  ipargne,  economy.] 

Epli.,  Ephes.,  abbr.    Epheslans. 

e'phah,  1  i'fa;  2  e'fa,  n.  Anancient  Jewish  measure  of  capac- 
ity, thought  to  be  about  8-t  gallons.   [Heb.]   Iialh  ; :  e'plia] . 

e-pnem'er-a,  1  l-fem'ar-a;  2  e-fem'er-a,  n.  [-a.sz  or  -je,  1  -I; 
2  -e,  pi.]  1.  An  ephemerid  or  May*fly.  2.  An  ephemeral 
fever.  3.  Anything  of  very  short  life.  [<  Gr.  ephemeras, 
for  a  day,  <  epi,  on,  +  hemera,  day.] 

e-phem'er-al, )  lt-fem'ar-al;2e-fSm'er-al,a.     Livingone 

e-fem'er-alp,  J  day  only,  as  certain  insects  (the  TSphemer- 
id;e  or  Mayflies);  hence,  transitory.     Syn.:  see  transient. 

Eph"c-mer'I-da>,  1  ef"i-mer'i-dl;  2  ef"e-mer'i-de,  n.  pi.  A 
family  of  Insects,  very  shortlived  In  the  adult  state,  having 
the  hind  wings  reduced,  head  roundish,  and  abdomen  with 
two  or  three  long  terminal  filaments;  May«flles,  day-flies,  or 
shad=(lies.  [<  ephemera.]  Eph"e-mer'i-dat.-  -e-pucm'- 
e-rld,  n.    One  of  the  Ephemeridx. 

e-phem'er-ls,  1  l-fem'ar-is;  2  e-fem'er-Is,  n.  [EPH'E-MER'I- 
DES,  1  efi-mer'i-diz;  2  ef'e-mer'i-deg,  pi.]  1.  Aslron.  A 
table  showing  the  calculated  positions  and  motions  of  a 
heavenly  body  or  bodies,  from  day  to  day;  also,  a  set  of  such 
tables;  an  astronomical  almanac.  '2.  An  ephemera.  [L.,  < 
Or.  iphemeris,  <  ephemeras;  see  ephemera.] 

e-phem'er-on,  1  l-fem'ar-en;  2  e-fem'cr-on,  n.  [-A,  pi.]  An 
ephemerid;  an  ephemera;  anything  short-lived. 

E-phe'slan,  1  i-fl'san;  2  e-fe'zhan.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
Ephesus,  an  ancient  Ionian  city  of  Asia  Minor.  II.  n.  1.  A 
citizen  or  Ephesus.  2t.  a  jovial  comrade,  boon  companion. 
—  E-phe'slans,  n.  The  epistle  of  St.  Paul  to  the  church  at 
Ephesus. 

Eph'e-sus,  1  ef'i-sns;  2  ef'e-sfis,  n.  An  ancient  city  in  W. 
Asia  Minor;  contained  temple  of  Diana;  site  of  one  of  the 
seven  Churches  (AVi).  i,   11). 

eph"l-al'tes,  l  efi-al'tlz; 2  en-ai'tes,  n.  incubus;  the  night- 
mare, or  the  demon  supposed  to  Inflict  nightmare.     [Gr.] 

eph'Od,  1  ef'o.l;  g  ef',„|,  „,.  A  Jewish  priestly  vestment.  [< 
l\c\).lphOd,  <  aphad,  clothe.] 

B'phra-llll,  1  1'fn-lm;  2  e'fra-liii,  n.  Jlib.  Joseph's  second  son, 
or  the  tribe  descended  from  him.     Gin.  xlvi,  20. 

ep'l-,  prefix.  Upon,  beside,  over,  etc.,  becoming  ep-  before 
vowels,  and  eph-  before  the  aspirate;  the  first  clement  In 
many  compounds  from   the  Greek,     [<  Or.  epi-,  ep-,  eph-, 

<  epi,  upon.] 

ep'lc,  1  ep'ik;  2  Pp'ic.     I.  a.     Of,  pertaining  to,  or  like  an 
epic;  grand;  noble;  heroic.    II.  n.    A  poem  celebrating 
10 


Epicycle. 


in  stately  verse  the  achievements  of  heroes  or  demigods; 
a  heroic  poem.  [<  Gr.L  epikos,  <  epos,  word.] — ep'i- 
cal,  a.    ep'ickt- 

ep"l-ca'lyx,  1  ep"i-ke'hks  or  -kal'iks;  2  ep"i-ea'Iyks  or  -cal'- 
yks,  n.  [-CAL'y-CES,  1  -kal'i-slz;  2  -cal'y-ce§,  pi.]  Bol.  An 
external  involucel  or  accessory  calyx  outside  the  true  calyx. 

ep"i-car'dl-um,  n.  The  portion  of  the  pericardium  that  is 
directly  united  with  the  substance  of  the  heart.  [  <  epi-  + 
Gr.  kardia,  heart.]— ep"i-car'dl-ac,  ep"i-car'dl-al,  a. — 
ep'i-earp,  n.  Bot.  The  outer  layer  of  a  pericarp.  [<  epi- 
+  Gr.  karpos,  fruit.]— ep'i-cenc.  I.  a.  1.  Gram.  Of  com- 
mon gender.  2.  Belonging  to  or  partaking  of  the  character- 
istics of  both  sexes.  3.  Loosely,  sexless.  II.  n.  1.  A  noun 
that  includes  both  sexes,  as  bird,  rat.  2.  A  person  who  ex- 
hibits characteristics  of  both  sexes.  [<  Gr.  cpikoinos,  < 
epi,  upon,  +  koinos,  common.) 

Ep"ic-te'tus,  1  ep"ik-tl'tus;  2  ep"ic-te'tas,  n.  A  Greek  stole 
philosopher  (50?-125?). 

ep'i-cure,  1  ep'i-kiur;  2  ep'i-cur,  n.  One  given  to  dainty 
indulgence  in  the  pleasures  of  the  table.  [  <  Gr.L+F 
Epikouros. ]— Ep"i-cu-re'an.  I.  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  the 
Greek  philosopher  Epicurus  or  to  his  doctrine  that  pleasure 
is  the  chief  good.  2.  [e-]  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  like  an  epicure. 
II.  n.  1.  A  follower  of  Epicurus.  2.  [e-]  A  pleasure»seeker ; 
an  epicure.— Ep"l-cu-re'an-lsm,  n.    ep'1-cur-lsruf. 

Ep"i-cu'rus,  1  ep"i-kiu'rus;  2  ep"i-cii'rus,  n.  A  Greek  philos- 
opher (341-270  B.C.). 

ep'i-cy"cle,  1  ep'i-sai"kl;  2  ep'i-cy"cl,  n.  1.  Arte.  Astron. 
A  circle  whose  center  was  conceived  to  move  around  the 
earth  in  a  larger  circle  called  the  def- 
erent, while  a  planet  moved  around  its 
circumference.  2.  A  circle  that  rolls 
upon  the  external  or  internal  circum- 
ference of  another  circle.  [<  Gr. 
epikyblos,  <  epi,  upon.  +  kyklos,  cir- 
cle.]— ep"l-cyc  'lie,  ep"l-cyo  'll-cal,  a. 

ep"i-cy'oloid,  1  ep"i-sai'kleid;  2  ep"i- 
Cy'cloid,  n.  Gcom.  A  curve  traced  by 
a  point  on  the  circumference  of  a  cir-  <P 
cle  which  rolls  upon  the  convex  circum- 
ference of  another  circle.  [  <  epicycle 
+  -oid  ]— ep"i-cj-clol'dal,  a.  Hav- 
ing the  form  of  part  of  an  epicycloid; 
tracing  an  epicycloid. 

ep"i-dem'ic,  1  ep"i-dem'ik;  2  ep"i-dem'ic.  I.  a.  Med. 
Affecting  many  in  a  community  at  once.  ep"i-dem'i- 
calj.  II.  n.  Widespread  disease  in  a  certain  region; 
also,  widespread  excitement,  influence,  etc.  [  <  Gr. 
epi,  upon,  +  demos,  people] — ep"i-dem'l-oal-ly,  adv. 

ep"i-der'mis,  1  ep'Vdur'mis;  2  ep"i-der'mis,  n.  The 
cuticle  or  outer  skin.  [<  Gr.  epi,  upon,  +  derma, 
skin.]  ep'l-dermf.— ep"i-der'mal,  a.  cp"i-der'mlcf.— 
ep"I-der'mold,  ep"i-der-mol'dal,  a. 

ep'l-dote,  1  ep'i-dot;  2  ep'i-dot,  n.  A  yellowish=green  to  black 
aluminum  calcium  silicate.    [<  Gr.  epididomi,  give  besides.] 

ep"I-Kas'tric,  1  ep"i-gas'tnk ;  2  ep"i-gas'tric,  a.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  the  epigastrium  or  the  abdomen  generally. 
[<  epi-  +  Gr.  gaster,  stomach.]  ep"i-gas'tri-alf.— ep"- 
l-gas'trl-um,  n.  [-tri-a,  pi.]  The  upper  part  of  the  abdo- 
men, especially  the  region  over  the  stomach  and  its  walls. 

ep"i-glot'tis,  1  ep"i-glot'is;  2  ep"i-glot'is,  n.  [-ti-m  sz, 
pi.]  The  leafshaped  lid,  at  the  base  of  the  tongue,  that 
covers  the  larynx  during  the  act  of  swallowing.  [  <  Gr. 
epi,  upon,  +  glottis;  see  glottis.] 

ep'i-grain,  1  ep'i-gram;  2  ep'i-gram,  n.  1.  A  pithy  or 
antithetical  saying.  2.  A  short,  pithy  poem.  [  <  Gr. 
epi,  on,  +  graphd,  write.] — ep"l-gram-mat'lc,  ep"l- 
gram-mat'l-ral,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  marked  by  epigram; 
witty;  pointed;  antithetical. — C'p"i-graiii-iiiat'l-cal-l)-, 
adv.— ep"i-gram'iua-tisni.  n.— cp"l-gram'ma-tist,  n.— 
ep"i-gram'ma-tUe,  vt.  &  vi. 

ep'l-graph,  ?  1  ep'i-grnf;  2  ep'i-graf,  n.    1.  A  carved  Inscrlp- 

ep'I-grafp,  )  tlon,  as  on  a  tomb.  2.  The  superscription  pre- 
fixed to  a  book  or  chapter.  |<  (;r  epi,  upon,  I  graphs, 
write.]— P-plg'ra-phy,  /.>.  The  science  that  treats  of  the 
study.  Interpretation,  etc.,  of  Inscriptions  or  epitaphs. 

e-pig'y-HOUS,  1  i-pij'i-nus;  2  e-plg'y-nfis,  n.  Jlal.  On  Hie 
ovary:  said  of  floral  organs  that  are  adnato  to  the  ovary. 
[  <  epi-  +  Gr.  gyne,  female.) 

ep'i-lep-sy,  1  ep'i-lep-si;  2  8p'i-18p-sy,  n.  A  chronic  ner- 
vous disease  characterized  by  recurrent  paroxysms, 
[<  Gr.  epi,  upon,  +  la  mint  no,  seize]  ep"i-lep'sl-aj. — 
ep"l-lep'tlc.   I.  a.   Pertaining  t affected  \\  Itb  epilepsy. 

II.  n.     One  alfeeled  with  epilepsy. 

cp'j-Iog,      )  1  ep'i-log;  2  Sp'i-lftg,  n.    The  conclusion  <>f  :i 

ep'l-logUC,  (  discourse,  .a.  poem,  or  the  hie;  a  concluding 

speech.  [  <  Qr.  api,  upon,  -I  leg6,  say.]  -ep"l-log'Ic, 
epvl-Iog'i-cal,  o.— ep"I-lo-gls't!c,  n. 

e-pll'o-gl/c,  1  1-pR'o-Jalz  nr  ep'i-lo-Jaiz;  2  e-pll'o-iilz  or  Pp'l-lo- 
toZ,V.      [-QIZED;  -iii/,*iN<i.|      I.  I.      To  furnish  with  tin  epilog. 

II.  (.  To  express  oneself  In  the  form  or  an  epilog;  serve  as 
an  epilog,     ep'1-logf;  e-pll'o-glset;  t-p'l-logu-lzel. 


.  ;.ltm-r«ll 


». 


,  i  |  ..    not,  Or;  full,  role;  l>ot,  l.Orn- 

.      i   .  ,   l-O;   I- 6;  gO,  not,  Or,  wdn,      ft8g 


,.i  ,    |.      I-  Ml.      - 

1 

■ 

1 

UC  UIMHI 


-  -     -!     -.  .    |i     I--. i     ,1 

-•    » 1  -  1 >  . 

I 

■ 

rp    i--ii\    I- 


-[.'. 


-l»-r> 


I 
M 

i 


I  in  bmh- 
*-—!•■  —  •  u-|>.i-<  |  . 
! 

I  .p|M    ,  ..- 

-|,|-    .  ,.-!■  il-li  .  .  -  | » t  -  '- 

i .  Lai  story 

I  <  Gr. 

i        -.i:-.ii   .  .  i •  I I  i-<  il   . 

I.     I.  n. 
il  itering  medlca- 

i  |i'l-vpiriii. 
|  •     -I'lim        cp"l- 
n.     The  nose-bleed.     [+  (Jr. 

1 . 

nee.     «. 

if  the  apos- 

■  rtain 

.   to  corrcspon- 

i'  i-i.ii  M   |  i  |i"is-ti,ri-cai:. 

I.  '    That 

refrain.     [  <    I 

i-i>  i--t> ii-.        ah  architrave. 

n      An  inscription,  as  on 

.  :;  any  similar 

Gr.  ipon,  •+-  tophus, 

:n:  2   ep'l-tha-la'ml- 

cun    ■  II...   <  Or. 

•  |.   i-i  r i « -'11-11111.  hilar  tls- 

utlcles. 

ip"l-lln'll-al,  n. 

1 .  r  word 

o»r-.  luality:  not  having 

aeeeaauily  an  <■; 

.i  !   e-pltb'- 
•  |« "l-lhi-l   Ii      -  -l-cal,  n. 
- 

.in.     IL.,   <  (ir    epi,  upon, 

•  -pn  'o-ntlst, 

-nil/.      -iii  i  -  • .  -mizkd; 

•     Syn.: 

■ 
M  '  •■  -     •  i  p"I-/o'.iii,  a. 

ep"|-xo-o<  'lc, 

II  DZa  nr 

'■|i"i-/«'ii-i)  :.     ep"l-zo- 

i  ii'ini.  2  <"•  plu'rl-boa 

ites.  [L.J 
1  ■  point   in 

hist-  - 

i  i.  i.<  li-.il.  .     i  -.atlngor  mark- 


l'p"l-t<UII  'lc, 

i-p|i  'i>-iiii/"i-r   : 


A.  2  tp'od.  n.    1.  The  laat  pan  of  an  ancient 


-  m.  In  w  hloh  ■  longar  verse 

■  .  ,,     j     i  .<  .  .  pt,  upon    i 

.  1 1 1 .  i  ■  -,  ■  ■  i .  •,-     l .   \ 

In   founder  and  namo-glvcr  of  a  race,  itate,  or 

i  he  name  of  thai  I,   \  name  nr  phrase 

i  i  in-  name  of  ■  pel  ate  a  people, 

etc  Oi  <  <  pt,  upon, 

i-iiiiii  )-niK(.  i,     One. from  wh an 

1       c-puii  '\-iiioiis,  cp"o-n>  in'lc,  .1 

,  p  ,.-|m  -,-  '.   ;  ■."..  pi '.  m      ah  epic  poem;  epic 

■  ■ 
■  i.  ••-!•■ »  la  . 
ep'oSi  n     I.  Ui  epopee.    ••!  awrlttan  narra- 

tive poetry;  a  series  of  heroic  events.    |1  I  w.il'il  I 

ep'-l-loii.    1    i|.-i  lei  n.     The  lift  11  Idler  In   I  In- 

ilphabel :  equlvaleni  in  English  abort  • . 
Ep'gom,  |e|  Dm,  n      h  town  In  B    E.  England, 

.  raci--ciiiirs i  Epsom  Downs;  !»<•;•   19,000 

\  ii-.nii   salt  ■  t  m»I(s,  a  while  hydrated  crystalline  mag- 
,'n  sulfate,  nseii  as  a  purgative. 
.  q  .  I  qual,  equivalent. 

e'i|ii.i-iil  e  .  i  i  i  a. .-Li  it  ek/wB-bl;  2  r'kwa-bl  or  BV- 
wo-bl,  a    <m  uniform  condition  or  movement;  regular; 
oven;  steady.    (<  L.  mtpiobilis,  <  wquo,  make  equal.] 
e"iiua-hil'l-i>,   n.     Evenness,   aa  <'f   temper  or  action. 
e'qua-bl  e-nesa't.    e'qua-bly,  a<to. 
e'qual)  1  fkwol;  2  6ltwal.  I.  cf.  [e'qualed  nr  a'qiCAi  led, 

i  ]>";    B'Ql    w.-ini,   nr   B'QTJ  U  -LING  I      To  I"'   or  lio- 

oome  equal  to;  make  equal;  equalise.    II.  a.    1.  I  'I  the 
same  degree  with  another,  or  with  each  other,  as  in 
magnitude  or  value;  neither  greater  nor  less.    2.  I  Squa- 
ll. Adequate  fur  the  purpose;  commensurate,    4. 

Equitable;  just.     5.   Having  the  same  rank,  rights,  nr 

importance.    III.  n.    A  person  or  thing  equal  to  another; 
a  person  of  the  same  rank  nr  condition.    |  <  L.  • 
<  mquua,  even.]  Syn.:  see  adeqia  i  i  ..  uiki      e-qual'l-ty, 
n.  [-ties*,  jrf.]  The  state  of  being  equal;  exact  agreement; 

uniformity.—  e"qual-l-za'tlon  or  -sa'tlon,  n.  The  act  of 
equalising;  an  equal  state. — e'qual-lzc  or  -Ise,  ut.  |-izki>, 
-ised;  -iz'im:.  -is"in(;.i  to  make  equal  to  another  or  to  one 
another.  e'qual-iz"er,  u.  1.  One  who  or  thai  which  equal- 
■;.  \  device  for  equalizing  pressure  or  strain,  as  In 
railway  trucksor  plows.  e'qual-ls"er;. -  e'qual-ly,  ode. — 
e'qnal-ness,  n.  [angular. 

e-quan'gU-lar,  1  l-kwan'giu-lsr;  2  e-kwan'gfl-lar.  a.     Equl- 

e"<|lia-nim'i-ty,  1  i"kwa-nim'i-ti;  2  e"kwa-nlm 'i-ty,  n. 
Evenness  of  mind  or  temper;  composure;  calmness.  [< 
L.  ;iijuus.  equal,  +  animas,  mind.] 

e-qua't  ion,  1  i-kwg'ahan;  2  e-kwa'slion,  n.  1.  A  proposi- 
tion expressing  (usually  by  the  symbol  =)  the  equality 
of  two  quantities.  2.  Astrcn.  A  correction  due  to  any 
varying  source  of  error.  3.  Chem.  A  symbolic  repre- 
of  a  chemical  reaction.  [<  L.  zquatiti(n-),  < 
xquo,  make  equal,  <  sequus,  equal] — e-quate',  rf.  [e-quat'- 
I  -QUAT'ING.]  To  make  equal;  represent  as  equivalent; 
put  Into  the  form  of  an  equation. 

e-qua'tor,  1  l-kwS'ter;  2  e-kwS'tor,  n.  1.  A  great  circle 
of  the  earth,  the  sun,  a  planet,  etc.,  midway  between  the 
poles  (that  of  the  earth  being  the  terrestrial  equator).  2. 
The  great  circle  in  which  the  plane  of  the  earth's  equator 
cuts  the  celestial  sphere  (the  celestial  equator).  \  <  LL. 
segvator,  <  L.  xquo;  see  equate,  p.) — e"qua-to'rl-al.  I. a. 
Relating  to,  near,  or  determined  by  an  equator.  II.  n.  A 
telescope  turning  on  two  axes  at  right  angles  to  each  oilier. 
the  principal  one  being  parallel  to  the  axis  of  the  earth. 
equatorial  telescope:. 

eq'uer-ry,  1  ek/war-i;  2  ek'wer-y,  n.  [-riesz,  pi]  [Eng.] 
An  officer  of  the  royal  household  who  occasionally  at- 
t.- 1  ids  upon  the  sovereign  or  a  royal  prince.  [<  F.^curie, 
si  able.)    eq'uer-yj. 

e-qnes'tri-an,  1  i-kwes'tn-an;  2  e-kwPs'tri-^n.    I.  a.    1. 

{Pertaining  to  horses  or  horsemanship;  skilled  in  horse- 

manship.     Z.   Representing  as  on  horseback.     II.  n. 

(  >ne  -killed  in  horsemanship.     [<  L.  equesler  (equestr-), 

'  one.]     e-ques'trl-an-liim,  n.     Horsemanship. 

e-i|iics"trl-cnne\  n.    A  woman  skilled  in  horsemanship. 

e'qul-,  1  I'kwi-;  2  e'kwl-.  From  Latin  xquus,  equal:  a  com- 
bining form—  e"qul-an'gu-lar,  a.  Having  equal  angles.— 
e"i|iil-dls'tatlt,  a.  Situated  at  equal  distances  from  a  given 
point,  as  two  cities,  etc.— e"qul-lat'er-al,  a.  Having  all 
hs  equal.    -\y,adv. 

c"qul-lib'ri-um,  1  i"kwi-lib'n-um;  2  B'kwi-llb'ri-um,  n. 
I . .  en  poise  or  balance,  as  of  a  body  acted  upon  by  coun- 
teracting forces,  or  of  the  mind  between  conflicting 
motives.  [<  L.  xquus,  equal,  +  libra,  balance.] 
••"qul-llb'rl-tyt.— e"qul-M'brate,  p.  [-brat-ed«;  -brat- 
1. 1.  1.  To  bring  Into  or  keep  in  a  state  of  equilibrium. 
2.  To  counterpoise.  II.  i.  To  be  In  equilibrium.—  e"qul-ll- 
bra'ilon,  n.  ICqulpoise.— e"qul-ll 'bra-tor,  n.  A  device 
for  establishing  equilibrium,  a"  In  a  dirigible  balloon. — 


1: 3  =  final;    l  =  habit^    aisle;    au  =  owt;    oil;    10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    0  =  sinff;    fhin,   ttis.     eptmeron 
283     2:wplf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this.  erect 


e-quil'I-brist,  n.  One  skilled  In  balancing,  as  a  rope* 
walker. 

e"qul-mul'ti-ple.  I.  a.  Produced  by  multiplying  by  the 
same  number.  II.  n.  One  of  two  or  more  products  of  dif- 
ferent quantities  by  the  same  multiplier. 

e'quine,  1  I'kwain;  2  e'kwln.  I.  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or 
like  a  horse.  II.  n.  A  horse,  or  a  related  animal.  [  <  L. 
equinus,  <  equus,  horse.]    e-qui'nalt. 

e'qui-nox,  1  I'kwi-neks;  2  e'kwi-noks,  n.  Astron.  One  of 
two  opposite  points  at  which  the  sun  crosses  the  celestial 
equator,  when  the  days  and  nights  are  equal;  also,  the 
time  of  this  crossing  (about  Mar.  21  and  Sep.  22).  [< 
L.F  sequus,  equal,  +  nox  (noct-),  night.]— e"qui-noc'tial. 
I.  a.  Occurring  at  or  pertaining  to  the  equinox  or  to  equality 
of  day  and  night.  II.  n.  1.  A  severe  storm  occurring  usually 
at  or  near  the  equinox.  2.  The  equator. — equinoctial  line, 
the  equator. — e.  points,  the  points  of  Intersection  of  the 
equator  and  the  ecliptic;  the  equinoxes. — e.  time,  time 
reckoned  from  the  moment  at  which  the  sun  passes  the  ver- 
nal equinox. 

e-quip',  1  i-kwip';  2  e-kwip',  vt.  [e-quipped'1,  e-qdipt'8; 
e-quip'ping.]  1.  To  furnish  or  fit  out  with  all  needful 
supplies  for  any  purpose.  2.  To  dress  or  attire;  array. 
[<  Ice.OF  skipa,  set  in  order.] 

eq  'ui-page,  1  ek'wi-pij ;  2  ek'wi-pag,  n.  1.  An  equipment, 
as  for  a  camp,  army,  etc.  2.  A  carriage,  with  its  horses, 
attendants,  etc.  3.  Imposing  display;  retinue.  4||.  A 
complete  service,  as  for  the  table.  5t-  Dress;  accouter- 
ments;  decoration.  6f-  A  collection  of  small  imple- 
ments, worn  as  on  a  chatelaine.    [OF.,  <  equiper,  equip  ] 

e-quip 'ment,  1  i-kwip'ment  or  -mant;  2  e-kwip'ment,  n. 

1.  The  act  or  process  of  equipping.  2.  The  state  of  being 
equipped  or  furnished.  3.  Whatever  constitutes  an  outfit 
for  some  special  purpose  or  service;  as,  the  equipment  of 
a  ship  or  of  a  fleet;  also,  figuratively,  of  personal  acquire- 
ments, as  of  an  instructor,  a  diplomatist,  etc.  Specif.:  (1) 
Mil.  Arms,  horses,  accouterments,  etc.  (2)  Railway.  Rolling* 
stock  and  apparatus  for  operating,  as  distinguished  from 
stations  and  trackage. 

e'qui-poise,  1  I'kwi-peiz;  2  e'kwi-p6i§,  n.  1.  Equality  or 
equal  distribution,  as  of  weight  and  power;  equilibrium. 

2.  A  counterpoise. 

e"qul-pol'lent,  1  rkwi-pel'ent:  2  e*kwl-p61'ent,  a.  1.  Equal 
in  weight,  power,  effect,  etc.:  equivalent.  2.  Equivalent  in 
meaning  and  force.  3.  Math.  Equal  and  parallel.  [<  P. 
iquipollenl,  <  I.,  iequus.  equal,  +  pollen(t-)s,  ppr.  of  pollco, 
be  strong] — e"qui-pol'lence,  n.  e"qul-pol'len-cyt. — 
e"qui-pon'der-ance,  n.  Equality  of  weight;  equipoise. — 
e"qul-pon'der-ant,  a. — e"qui-pon 'der-ate,  vt.  1.  To 
counterbalance.    2.  To  put  into  well-balanced  condition. 

Eq"ui-se'tum,  1  ek"wn-sl'tum:  2  ek"wi-se'tum,  n.  Bot.  1.  A 
widely  distributed  genus  of  rush-like  cryptogamous  plants, 
especially  those  known  as  horsetails  or  scourlng*Tiishes.  2. 
[e-]  A  plant  of  this  genus.    [  <  L.  equus,  horse,  +  sseta,  bristle.] 

eq'ui-tan-cy,  1  ek'wi-tan-si;  2  6k'wi-tan-gy,  n.  Horse- 
manship. 

eq'ui-tant,  1  ck'wi-tant;  2  ek'wi-tant,  a.  Biol.  Overlap- 
ping or  riding,  as  leaves  folded  forward.  [<  L.  equi- 
lan(,l-)s,  ppr.  of  equito,  ride,  <  eques  (cquil-),  horseman,  < 
equus,  horse.] 

cq"ui-ta'tion,  1  ek"wi-te'slian;  2  Ck"wi-ta'shon,  n.  1. 
Horsemanship.  2.  A  ride  on  horseback.  [  <  L.  equita- 
tio(n-),  <  equilalus,  pp.  of  equito;  see  equitant.] 

eq'ui-ty,  1  ek'wi-ti;  2  eVwi-ty,  n.  |-tiehz,  pi]  1.  Fair- 
ness or  impartiality;  equal  justice.  2.  The  application 
of  principles  of  justice  to  legal  adjustment  of  differences 
in  particular  cases,  where  the  law,  by  reason  of  its  uni- 
versality, is  deficient.  3.  Law.  (1)  The  system  of  col- 
lateral law  administered  by  courts  of  equity.  (2)  A 
court  in  which  suits  based  on  equitable  rights  may  be 
brought;  a  court  of  chancery.  (3)  [II.  S]  Value  in  excess 
of  a  mortgage.  [<F.  equite,  <  L.  &quita(t-)s,  <  sequus, 
equal.]    Syn.:  see  justice. 

— eq'ul-ta-bl(e>",  a.  Characterized  by  equity  or  fairness; 
Impartial;  just ;  fair.  Syn.:  see  honest;  just;  right. — eq'- 
ul-ta-blte-ness'',  n.     eq'ul-ta-bly,  adv. 

equlv.,  abbr.    Equivalent. 

C-quiv'a-lcnt,  1  l-kwiv'a-lont;  2  e-kwlv'a-lent.  I.  a. 
Kqual  in  value,  area,  volume,  force,  meaning,  or  the  like. 
Syn.:  sec  alike;  identical;  synonymous. 
II.  n.  That  which  is  equivalent;  something  equal  in 
value,  power,  or  effect,.  [  <  I/,  sequus,  equal,  +  valeo,  he 
strong.]  e-qulv'a-lence,  n.  The  state  of  being  equivalent 
or  of  having  equal  values,  e-qulv'a-len-cyt.— e-qulv'a- 
lent-ly,  adv. 

c-quiv'o-cal,  1  l-kwiv'o-kal;  2  e-kwlv'o-cal,  a.     Having 

a  doubtful  meaning;  susceptible  (.1  different  interpri  ta- 

tiona;  questionable;  suspicious.     [  <  L.  xquus,  equal,  4- 

vox  (vac-) ,  voice] 

Syn.:  ambiguous,  doubtful,  dubious,  enigmatic,  enigmati- 


cal, indefinite,  indeterminate,  indistinct,  obscure,  perplex- 
ing, questionable,  suspicious,  uncertain.  Ambiguous  is  ap- 
plied only  to  spoken  or  written  statements;  equivocal  has 
other  applications.  A  statement  is  ambiguous  when  it  leaves 
the  mind  of  the  reader  or  hearer  to  fluctuate  between  two 
meanings,  which  would  tit  the  language  equally  well;  it  is 
equivocal  when  it  would  naturally  be  understood  in  one  way, 
but  is  capable  of  a  different  interpretation;  an  equivocal  ex- 
pression is,  as  a  rule,  intentionally  deceptive,  while  an  am- 
biguous utterance  may  be  simply  the  result  of  a  want  either 
of  clear  thought  or  of  adequate  expression.  That  which  is 
enigmatical  must  be  guessed  like  a  riddle.  That  is  doubtful 
which  is  fairly  open  to  doubt;  that  is  dubious  which  has  be- 
come the  subject  of  doubts  so  grave  as  scarcely  to  fall  short 
of  condemnation;  as,  a  dubious  reputation.  Questionable 
may  be  used  nearly  in  the  sense  either  of  dubious  or  of  doubt- 
ful; a  questionable  statement  is  one  that  must  be  proved 
before  it  can  be  accepted.  A  suspicious  character  gives 
reason  to  be  suspected;  a  suspicious  temper  is  inclined  to 
suspect  the  others,  with  or  without  reason.  Compare  clear; 
precarious. — Ant.:  certain,  clear,  distinct,  evident,  indis- 
putable, indubitable,  lucid,  manifest,  obvious,  perspicuous, 
plain,  unambiguous,  unequivocal,  unquestionable,  unques- 
tioned. 

—  e-quiv'o-cal-ly,  adv.  —  e-qulv'o-cal-ness,  n.  —  e- 
quiv'o-eatc,  vi.  [-cat"ei><i;  -cat"ing.]  To  use  ambiguous 
language  with  intent  to  deceive. — e-quiv"o-ca'tion,  n.  1. 
The  act  of  equivocating.  2.  Logic.  A  fallacy  arising  from 
the  employment  of  a  word  of  doubtful  meaning.  ae-qulv"o- 
ca'tiont. — e-quiv'o-ca"tor,  n. — e-quiv'o-ca-to-ry,  a. — 
eq'ui-voke,  n.  An  equivocal  word  or  phrase;  an  equivoca- 
tion; a  play  upon  words,  ae'qul-voket;  eq'ul-voquef. 

-er,  suffix.  Used  (1)  to  form  nouns  of  agency;  as,  maker, 
knocker,  etc.;  (2)  to  form  the  comparative  degree;  as, 
larger,  longer;  (3)  to  form  frequentative  and  diminu- 
tive verbs;  as,  flutter  (from  float) ;  (4)  to  denote  a  per- 
son, often  an  agent,  without  derivation  from  a  verb;  as, 
pensioner;  (5)  to  form  nouns  denoting  condition,  place 
of  dwelling,  etc.  [(1)  <  AS.  -ere;  (2)  <  AS.  -er,  -or;  (3) 
<  AS.  -erian;  (4)  <  OF.  -er,  -ier,  <  L.  arius.] 

e'ra,  1  I'ra;  2  e'ra,  n.  1.  A  period  dating  from  a  fixed 
epoch;  as,  the  Christian  era.  2.  A  notable  period.  3. 
An  epoch.    [  <  LL.  sera,  pi.  of  aes  {ser-),  brass.] 

e-ra'dl-atci,  1  l-re'di-et;  2  e-ra'di-at,  vt.  &  vi.  To  radiate.— 
e-ra"dl-a'tlon,  n. 

e-rad  'i-cate,  1  l-rad'i-ket;  2  e-rad'i-cat,  vt.  [-cat'ed11; 
-cat"ing.]  To  root  out;  destroy  thoroughly;  extirpate. 
[<  L.  e,  out,  +  radix  (radic-),  root.]  Syn.:  see  abolish; 
exterminate. — e-rad 'i-ca-bl(ep,  a. — e-rad"l-ca'tion,  n. 
— e-rad 'l-ca-tiv(e8,  a.  &  n. 

e-rase',  1  i-res';  2  e-ras',  vt.  [e-rased'4;  e-ras'ing.]  To 
obliterate,  as  by  scraping  or  rubbing  out;  efface.  [  <  L. 
e,  out,  +  rado,  scratch.]    Syn.:  see  cancel. 

— e-ras 'a-bl(ep  or-l-bi(ep,  a. — e-ras'er,  n.  One  who  or 
that  which  erases;  a  sharp  tool  or  a  rubber  for  removing 
pencil-  or  ink-marks. — e-rase  'men  t||,  n. — c-ra'sure,  n.  I. 
The  act  of  erasing,  or  the  state  of  being  erased.  2.  Anything 
erased,    e-ra'slonl. 

E-ras 'mus,  1  l-raz'mus;  2  e-ras'mus,  Deslderlus  (1460-1536). 
A  Dutch  scholar  and  theologian;  taught  at  Cambridge,  En- 
gland: Colloquies. 

E-ras 'ti-an,  1  l-ras'ti-an;  2  e-ras'tl-an,  a.  Designating  undue 
subservience  of  the  Church  to  the  State.  [  <  Thomas  Eras- 
tus  (1524-1583),  Swiss  theologian. ]— E-ras't!-an,  n.—E- 
ras'tl-an-ism,  n.  —  E-ras 'ti-an-lze,  vt.  &  vi. 

Er'a-to,  1  er'a-to;  2  er'a-to,  n.  Class.  Myth.  The  muse  of  lyric 
and  erotic  poetry. 

Er"a-tos'the-nes,  1  er"a-tos'flu-nrz;  'i  er"a-tos'thc-nes,  n.  A 
Creek  astronomer  and  philosopher  (276-195  B.  C). 

er'hl-um,  1  Or'bi-um;  2  er'bl-um,  n.  A  rare  unisolatcd  ele- 
ment known  only  by  Its  compounds.     Sec  element. 

Erck"mann',  1  erk'mfin':  2  erk'miin',  Emlle  (1822-1899). 
A  French  novelist  who  collaborated  with  Chatrian. 

Er'cles,  n.    Hercules:  a  corruption. 

ere,  1  ar;  2  er,  prep.  &  conj.  Sooner  than;  before;  rather 
than.  [AS.  ier,  before] — ere'long,  adv.  I'.re  lung; 
before  long. — ere'now",  adv.  Before  this  time  ere'- 
wlllle"||,  adv.     Some  time  ago;  heretofore,     erc'wlillcs"] . 

Er'e-bus,  1  er'i-bus;  2  6r'e-bU8,  n.  1 1..]  Class.  Myth.  A  place 
of  utter  darkness  between  the  earth  and  Hades. 

C-rect',  1  l-rekt'i  2  e-rSet'.  I1'.  Vt.  1.  To  rear  or  sol  up,  as 
a  building;  build;  establish  2.  To  set  up  in  an  upright. 
position.  3.  To  raise  to  higher  or  a  designated  posit  ion ; 
exalt.  4.  To  draw  upon  some  plan,  as  a.  geometrical 
figure  or  architectural  design.  II.  a.  1.  I'pright  in  po- 
sition, form,  or  person;  vertical.  '!-  Directed  upward, 
3.  Free  from  depression  or  humiliation.  [<  L,  erectus, 
pp.  of  eriao,  set  up,  <  e,  out,  +  rcgo,  lead  straight.]  Syn.: 
see  CONSTRUCT;  INSTITUTE;  RAISE. 

— e-rec'tll(eB,  a.  Susceptible  of  erection;  as,  erectile 
feathers.  e-rect'a»b!(ept<  e"rec-tH'l-iy.  n.  e-rcc'- 
tlon,  n.  1.  The  BCt  or  process  of  building  or  construct  lug. 
2.  A  raising  to  and  fixing  in  an  upright  position;  a  setting  up. 


,  r.   n  I  l  ,. 


. 


nt.Ar:   full,  rule;  lmt.liOrn; 
.         i      ■  .    I      .  ,  (••'».  Ilttt,  01,  won,        \'s| 


.   i . .   lor, 

■     Mill    i. . 
III.IX>> 


iT-tfi.lll    i-lif. 
•   mcfllr!- 


•up.  rate 


rrl     kln«- 


rt    III)  If. 


I  .  h  .  enturcr; 

\    i  ■ 
John 

• 

.'in  m  ; 
I  rli    <  anil. 

\ 

Johannes  Beotai 

pher. 

■  ancient  native, 
i.    Of  or  like  a 

.   ■    1     .    • 

and  Megs>ra, 

.  -.  -    .  I  -rlii    : 

Ml/lh    The  daughter 

1 

<  eri»,  strife!    e-rls'- 


Ermlnc. 


\n  Italian  colony  in 
I  r"l-tre'an.  a. 
•ilc  folk-lore,  a 
'  .1  in  children. 
1.    \  -■  Mike  oami- 

'.'.   h  ■ 

- 

•    / 

IT'- 

•  r'm)  I- 

I   irn-  :  en  I  .       _ 

I        -    Myth.  The  god  of 
laterold  of  the 

.•  away 
gnaw.] — 

i-r-iil  'rl|,    /„;. 

ring  the 

1 
11.  caustic  n  medial 

tit*,  a 

I 

e-rul    i-<  al    .      ||. 

■'■     \na    ><r  pl      A  theory  or 

•    erolikos,    < 


e-toTo-gy,  n     Herpe- 

1.  i     1.  To 

-'•  bray  mor- 

4  .  To  was 

Sim-  see  wander-    er'ran- 

•  '.-lining  errors; 

or  liability  to  Change. 

n.     A  trip  or  journey  made  to 


ni   ■!"  a  comi  >   \\  hull 

1       I'l'ouiplisli      I  ■     \  ^  or,  go.] 

■  r  ran  1 .  1.  i;..\  ing  •■>  »  mi. I.  1  inc.  1  1 

■     ■    1      [OF.,  ppr.  of  1  m  1 .  wan- 

.1    r  1 11  (  -  r  %  .  I  luMM-all fa    knlgbl    illani 

.  r    11I    11.    1    .     1  il'il  ■      0        I.    Nol    ■ 

ulai .  1  cct  ni  ric     'i.  w  an 
1    '  n  indi  r  )    «-r-r;il  'I- 

■  1 1  er-ral  'l-cul-ly,  mn 

rr-r.i  1  urn.    1   ■   ro'tum;  :.'  1   •i'ti'1111,   n.     |-i  v ,   ;./ ]      \n 
•  pi inting     |l.  I 

cr 'rliliic.   I   1  1111.  :.'  «  1  In     Mill,    I.  1;       lYoinoti 

and  nasal  discharges     II.  •>  I  medicine  to  be  muffed.    I 

1  a.  in.    1  nose  I 

er-ro'ne-oua,  1  e-ro'ni-us;  2  •  ro'ne-tis,  a      Marked  by 

l  iken.     |<    I.  srronsus,  straying, 

Hah  1   nil. 

er-ro'ne-ous-ly,  er-ro'ne-ous-ness,  n. 

i-r'rnr.  1  er'er;  2  Br'or,  n  I.  The  condition  ol  erring,  or 
the  Mat'-  of  being  erroneous;  deviation  from  correi 
mistake.  2.  Borne  thing  done,  said,  "r  believed  wrongly; 
I  dse  beliefs  collectively.  8.  \  violation  or  DegTi  cl 
of  duty;  fault;  transgression.  [OF.,  <  L.  erro,  wander.] 
balk,  blunder,  bull,  fallacy,  falsity,  fault,  hallucina- 
tion, mistake,  omission,  0  si 

.1  i       Ant.:  accural  correction,  cor- 

rectni  -.  rectification,  soundness,  sunt >-.  truth. 

Erse,  1  Ors;  2  Srs,  n.    The  language  of  the  Scottish  11 1 
0,  the  Irish  Gaelic     [Cor.  of  Ibish.]     Brset  a. 
Er'sklne,  1  Or'slun;  2  efskin,  n.    1.  John  in/i..   itcs  ,  ,,f 

Car h;  a  Scottish  Jurist.     2.  Lord  (1750-1823),  Thomas 

ne,  b  Boottlsh  advocate;  Lord  Chancellor;  defended 
Lord  1  ■'  orge  1  lordon,  Thomas  Paine,  and  Queen  1  larollne 
erst.  1  oTSt;  2  irst,  adv.    [Archaic  or  Poel  ]  1.  Formerly; 
'.'.  I  •    ■       bi  ginning.    |<  AS.  font,  bu- 
perl  of  £r,  before.] — erst'whlle".    I.  a.    Former.    VI.  adv. 
Formerly. 
er"ii-bes'eenre,  1  er"u-bes'ens;  2  er*u-bes'enc.  n.    The  proc- 
or  condition  of  growing  red;  redness;  Mush. 

■  niin,   <   L.  erubesco,  blush.]     er"u-bcs'cen-cyj. — 
cr"ii-l>i".'cciit,  a. 
t'"riic-t;t'tion,  1  i"ruk-ti~'shsn:  2  B*rue-ta'shon,  n.    The 
ad  of  belching;  also,  that  which  is  thrown  off  in  belch- 
ing.    (<  L.  cructo,  <  e,  out,  +  rueto,  belch.]— ©-met', 
e-rue'lale  ,  rt. 
er'u-dite,  1  ir'u-[or  -yu-]dait;  2  fr'u-[or  -yu-]dlt,  a.    Very 
Learned;  scholarly.     [<  L.  eruditus,  pp.  of  erudio,  in- 
Btruct,  <  e,  from,  +  rudU.  rude.]    -Iy,  ail> • .    -ness,  /;.  -  cr"u- 
dl'tlon,  n.     I.  Complete  and  various  scholarship.     2.  The 
acl  of  instruct  Inc.  Syn.:  sec  kmihi.i  duk:  LEARNING;  wis  ohm. 
c-ru'gl-nous,  1  i-rQ'ji-nus;  2  e-ru'Ki-nus.  a.    Of  or  like  cop- 
per-rust; Krecn.    [<  xTugtnosw,  <  ses,  copper.) 
e-rupf 'd,  1  i-rupt';  2  e-rupt',  v.     I.  t.     To  cause  to  burst 
forth.    II.  i.    To  break  out  suddenly  and  wit  h  vii 

volcano.    [<  L.  e,  out,  -f-  rumpo,  lnir>t.J-  -e-rup'- 
llon,  n.    1.  A  breaking  forth  with  violence;  bursting  out; 
outbreak.    2.  That  which  bursts  forth,  as  lava  from  a  volca- 
no    S.  A  breaking  out,  as  in  a  rash, 
c-rup'tlv  t'\   1   i-rup'tiv;  2  e-rup'tiv,  a.     Pertaining  or 
tending  to  eruption.  -Iy, adv.  -ness,  n.      [confection,, -v. 
-cr>,    uffix.     Denoting  a  business,  place  of  business,  etc.,  as 
<T">-.slp'e-las,  1  or"i-sip'i-lss;  2  er"\-  Pathol. 

An  inflammatory  disease  of  the  skin,  accompanied  by 
[<  CIr.  erythros,  red,   4-  peHo,  skin.] — er"y-sl- 
pel'a-lous,   n.     er"y-slp"e-lal'lc::   er"y-slp'e-IoU8l. 
er"\--ip'(-lold,  n.  Pathol.  An  erysipelatous  disease  from 
Infection. 
Kr/.e'rum,  1  erz'rQm;  2  erz'njm,  n.    An  ancient  fortified  city 
in   Armenia.  Asiatic  Turkey;   pop.  80,000;  entered  by  the 
Russians.  Feb.  16.  1916. 
es~,  prefix.    Form  of  ex-  in  many  words  of  Romance  origin,  as 
escape,  escheat,  exchange  (now  eichango. 

x.    Used  (1)  to  form  many  plurals,  as  boxes,  churches; 

1  form  the  3d  person  singular  of  the  present  indicative 

of  verbs  ending  In  a  vowel,  as  goes,  sees.    [(1)  (a)  ME.  -es,  -is, 

<  AS.  -as;  (6)  <  L.  -es,  a  pl.  termination  In  the  3d  declen- 
sion.    (2)  ME.  -es,  -s,  <  AS.  -ah,  -ath.\ 

K.  8.,  abbr     in-  scotch. 

B'san,  1  rse;2e'sa.n.  The  eldest  son  of  Isaac;  sold  his  birth- 
right to  his  brother  Jacob.    Gen.  xxv,  29-34. 

es"ea"drllle',  1  es'ka'drT;  2es"co"dri',  n.  [Fr.]  A  squadron 
of  military  aeroplanes. 

c»"<a-lade',  1  ' -"kc>-led';  2  eV'ca-lad'.  I.  vt.  [-lad'ed"1; 
-LAD'iNr;  ]  Mil.  To  mount  and  enter  by  means  of  a 
Ladder;  scale,  as  a  wall.  II.  n.  Mil.  An  attack  to 
ramparts,  etc.    [F.,<  L.  scala,  ladder.] 

es'ca-la"tor,  1  es'ka-15'tar;  2  es'ca-la'tor,  n.  A  moving 
stairway,  built  on  the  endless-chain  principle;  used  in  stores, 
railroad-stations,  etc.:  a  copyrighted  term.    [<  F.  escalad* , 

<  It.  scalata,  <  L.  scala.  ladder.]  (scallop. 
es-cal'lop,  1  es-kol'ap;  2  6s-cal'op,  v.  &  n.     Same  as. 


1:8  =  final;    Inhabit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lQ  =  ieud;    cliin;    go;    i}  =  sing;    thin,   this.       eremite 
285        2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,    cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this         essence 


es'ca-pade,  1  es'ka-ped;  2  Ss'ca-pad,  n.     1.  An  act  in 

reckless  disregard  of  propriety ;  a  mischievous  prank.     2. 
An  escape.    3.  A  plunging  or  kicking,  as  of  a  horse.     [F.] 

es-cape',  1  es-kep';  2  8s-cap',  v.  [es-caped'1;  es-cap'ing.] 
1. t.  1.  To  flee  from  so  as  to  get  clear  of;  get  away  from. 
2.  To  slip  out  or  away  from.  II.  i.  1.  To  succeed  in 
getting  away  from  or  in  avoiding  something;  also,  to 
elude  notice.  2.  To  find  egress  from  restraint.  [  <  LL.OF 
ex  capa,  <  L.  ex,  out  of,  +  LL.  cava,  cape.] 

Syn.:  abscond,  avoid,  be  acquitted,  be  cleared,  be  set  free, 
decamp,  depart,  elude,  evade,  flee,  fly,  get  away,  get  off,  go 
free,  shun.  To  escape  is  to  get  away  clear;  to  flee  or  fly  is  to 
attempt  it,  with  or  without  success;  to  abscond  is  both  to  flee 
and  to  hide,  or  at  least  to  seek  concealment  and  obscurity. 
To  escape  may  be  noble  and  worthy;  to  abscond  is  ordinarily 
an  act  of  cowardice  and  guilt.    See  avoid. 

es-cape',  n.  1.  A  successful  flight,  as  from  custody,  pur- 
suit, or  annoyance.  2.  Freedom  from  some  evil.  3. 
Issue,  as  of  a  fluid;  leakage.  4.  Bot.  Any  plant  formerly 
cultivated  that  now  grows  wild  in  fields.  5f.  An  outburst; 
sally.    6f.  An  inadvertence;  act  of  transgression. 

es-cape 'nient,  1  es-kep'ment  or  -mant;  2  es-eap'ment,  n. 
1.  A  mechanical   device,  used  in   time- 
pieces for  securing  a  uniform  movement. 
2||.  The  act  of  escaping. 

es-carp',  1  es-karp';2  6s-earp',  n.  Fort.  The 
inner  wall  or  side  of  the  ditch  at  the  foot  of 
a  rampart:  distinguished  from  counterscarp, 
the  further  or  outer  side.  »  - 

es-carp 'ment,  1  es-karp'ment   or  -mant;    2  y\ 
es-earp'ment,    n.      1.    Fort.    A   precipitous 
artificial  slope  about  a  fortification  or  posi- 
tion.   2.  Any  steep  slope.    [F.) 

-esce,  suffix.  Used  to  form  inceptive  verbs. 
[  <  L.  -esco.] 

-escence,  -escent,  suffixes  of  nouns  and  ad-  ADchorEs- 
jectives  corresponding  to  verbs  in  -esce.      capement  of 

esch'a-lot,  1  esli'a-let;  2  esh'a-lot,  n.    Same      a  Watch. 

as  SHALLOT.  a,      anchor;     I, 

es'char1,    1    es'kar:    2   es'ciir,  n.      Same    as    lev«  or  for,t:  <p< 

ESKAR.      eS'CarU.  imp.ilse-l.all.t;  Ip, 

es'char*,  n.  Pathol.    The  dry  crust  produced    l°°££?  v      '  r' 

by  mortification  or  cauterization;   a  slough. 

[<  OF.  cscarc.]    es'car2J. — es"cha-rot'lc,  a.    Med.    Able 

to  destroy  living  tissue  and  form  an  eschar. 
es"cha-tol'o-gy,  1  es"ka-tel'o-ji;  2  es"ea-t61'o-gy,  n.  TJieol. 

The  branch  that  treats  of  death,  resurrection,  immortality, 

the  end  of  the  world,  final  judgment,  and  the  future  state. 

[<  Gr.  eschatos,  extreme,  +  -logy.] 
es-cheat'<i,  1  es-Chlt';  2  es-ehet',  v.    I.  t.    To  take  possession 

of  as  forfeited.    II.  i.    To  revert  to  the  state  or  crown,  as  by 

reason  of  the  non-existence  of  heirs.— es-cheat'a-bl(ep,  a. 
es-cheat',  a.    Forfeited;  escheated. 
es-cheat',  n.    The  reversion  of  lands  to  the  state  or  to  the 

crown.    [  <  OF.  eschet,  orig.  pp.  of  escheoir,  fall  to.] 
es-chew',  1  es-dhu';  2  es-chu',  vt.    To  shun,  as  something 

unworthy  or  injurious.     [<  OF.  eschuer,  shun.]    Syn.:  see 

AVOID. 

Esch-scholt'zi-a,    1    e-sliolt'si-o;   2   e-sholt'si-a,    n.  Bot.  A 

genus  of  smooth  herbs  of  the  poppy  family  with  dissected 

leaves    and    long>peduncled    yellow  flowers, 

of  western  North  America.      The  Californ 

poppy    is   the   best»known.      [<   J.  F. 

von  Eschschollz,  German  naturalist.] 
Es-co'ri-al,  1  es-ko'n-el  or  (Sp.)  es-ko"- 

rl-uT;   2  es-c5'ri-al  or  (Sp.)  es-eo"ri-al'. 

n.     A  palace  and   mausoleum   of   the 

Spanish   kings,   built  by  Philip  II.,  27 

m.  N.  W.  of  Madrid.    Es-cu'rl-alf . 
es-cort'1,  1  es-k6rt';  2  es-cort',  vt.    To 

accompany  for  the  purpose  of  guarding; 

conduct;  convoy.     Syn.:  see  lead1. 
CS'cort,  1  cs'kort;   2  es'cort,  n.    A  guard 

accompanying  a  person  or  property  in 

transit;   safeguard;   protection.       [<  F. 

escorle.] 

cs-cot't,  vt.    To  pay  for  the  maintenance  of .  Eschscholtzla. 
es'Vri-toire',     1    es"kri-twu>';     2    6s"cri-      »•»«*»>*" '• 

twiir',  n,    A  secretary;  writing-desk.    [OF.,  <  L.  scribo, 

write.] — es"crl-to'rl-al,  a. 
cs-crow'v  1    es-kro';    2   es-crG',  n.     Law.     An    Instrument 

placed  In  tin-  bands  of  a  I  bird  person  for  delivery. 
Es"cu-la'pl-an,  /  l  es*klu-I6'pi-an;  2  ea"eO  l&'pl-an.     I.  a. 
/fWii-la'pi-an,  J  Relating  to  JSsculapius,  the  god  of  medi- 
cine; pertaining  to  the  :» rt  of  healing;  medicinal.    II.  n.    A 

disciple  of  /Ksrnlaplus;  a  physician. 

es'cu-lent,  1  es'kiu-lent;  2  eVeQ-lent,  a.    Suitable  for 

food;  edible,    [<  L.  isculentus,  <  edo,  eat.] 
es-cutch/eon,  i  es-kudh'sn;  2  fis-cueh'on,  n.    A  heraldic 

shield;  any  shield-shaped  surface  or  device.     [<  L.or 
scutum,  shield.] 


Esd.,  abbr.    Esdras. 

Es'dras,  1  ez'dras:  2  es'dras,  n.  [Gr.]  Ezra:  the  name  of 
the  first  two  books  of  the  Apocrypha. 

Es"dra-e'lon,  1  es'dra-I'lan;  2  es"dra-e'lon,  n.  Bib.  (Apoc- 
rypha). A  great  plain  in  Palestine;  scene  of  many  battles. 
Judith  ill,  9.    Es-dre'lonl. 

-ese,  suffix.  Used  to  form  adjectives  and  nouns  from  names  of 
cities  and  countries.    [<  OF.  -ese,  <  L.  -ensls.] 

E.  S.  E.,  abbr.    East-southeast. 

es'kar,  1  es'kar;  2  es'kar,  n.  A  ridge  of  glacial  gravel,  formed 
between  banks  of  ice.    [<  Ir.  eiscir,  ridge.]    es'kerf. 

Es'kl-mo,  1  es'ki-mo;  2  es'Ui-mo,  n.  [-mosz,  Pi]  One  of  the 
American  natives  of  northern  North  America.  [N.=Am.  Ind., 
•eaters  of  raw  flesh.']    Es'kl-maut.  [hired  laborer.! 

es'ne,  1  es'ni;  2  es'ne,  n.    A.°S.  Hist.    A  hireling;  serf.     [AS., 

e-soph'a-gus,  )  1   l-sef'a-gus;  2  e-sof'a-gus,   n.     The  tube 

oe-soph'a-gus,  S  through  which  food  passes  from  the  mouth  to 
the  stomach;  the  gullet.  [<  Gr.  oiso,  will  bear,  +  phagein, 
eat.]— e"so-phag'e-al,  a.    e-soph'a-galt. 

es"o-ter'ic,  1  es"o-ter'ik;  2  Ss"o-teVic,  a.  Confined  to  a 
select  circle;  confidential.  [<  Gr.  esijterikos,  inner.] — 
es"o-ter'l-cal-ly,  adv. 

esp.,  espec,  abbr.    Especially. 

es-pal'ier,  1  es-pal'yar;  2  6s-pal'yer,  n.  1.  A  trellis  on 
which  to  train  small  fruits.  2.  A  tree  trained  on  such  a 
framework.     [F.,   <  L.  spatula,  blade.] 

es-par'to,  1  es-par'to;  2  es-par'to,  n.  A  strong=growing  peren- 
nial rush=like  grass  of  sandy  regions  in  northern  Africa  and 
southern  Spain:  used  for  weaving.    [Sp.] 

es-pe'eial,  1  es-pesn'al;  2  6s-pesh'al,  a.  1.  Exceptional; 
noteworthy.  2.  Particular  or  individual;  special.  [OF., 
<  I,,  specialis,  special.]  —  es-pe'clal-ly,  adv.  Preemi- 
nently; particularly;  specifically. 

es'per-ancet,  n.    Hope. 

Es"pe-ran'to,  1  es"pe-ran'to:  2  es"pe-riin'to,  n.  A  universal 
language  invented  about  1887  by  Dr.  L.  Zamenhof,  a  Rus- 
sian scholar,  and  containing  2.G42  root-words. 

cs-pi'al,  1  es-pai'al;  2  Ss-pl'al,  n.  1.  The  action  of  a  spy;  a 
watching  in  secret;  concealed  observation.  2f.  A  com- 
pany of  spies,  or  a  spy.  [bantering.     [F.] 

es"ple"gle-rie',  1  es"pya"gla-ri';  2  es"pye"gle-re',  n.    Roguish 

es'pi-o-nage,  1  es'pi-o-mj ;  2  Ss'pi-o-nag,  n.  1.  The  prac- 
tise of  spying;  excessive  or  offensive  surveillance.  2.  Mil. 
To  secure  information  as  of  the  disposition  or  movements  of 
troops. ships, munitions, etc.  [  <F.cspionnage,  <  espier.espy.} 

es"pla-nade\  1  es"pla-ned';  2  6s"pla-nad',  n.  A  level 
open  space,  as  before  a  fortress  or  along  a  waterside,  for 
promenading.    [OF.,  <  esplaner,  level.] 

es-pouse',  1  es-pauz';  2  6s-pou§',  vt.  [es-poused';  es- 
pous'ing.]  1.  To  marry;  promise,  engage,  or  bestow  in 
marriage.  2.  To  assume  the  advocacy  of,  as  a  cause  or 
claim.  [  <  L.LL+F  sponsus,  pp.  of  spondeo,  promise.] 
Syn.:  see  embrace. —es-pou 'sal.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
a  betrothal  or  a  marriage.  II.  n.  1.  The  act  of  espousing; 
marriage.    2.  The  adoption  of  a  cause.    Syn.:  see  marriaqk. 

es"prlt',  1  es"pri';  2  es"pri',  n.  [F.]  Spirit;  wit. — esprit  de 
corps,  common  devotion  of  members  to  an  organization. 

es-py',  1  es-pai';  2  es-py',  v.  [es-pied';  es-py'inc]  I.  t. 
1.  To  get  sight  of;  catch  e.  glimpse  of;  discover.  2.  To 
observe  closely;  explore;  spy.  II.  i.  To  keep  close 
watch.    [<OF.  espier,  <  OHG.  spehon,  spy.] 

Esq.,  Esqr.,  abbr.    [Esqs.,  Esqrs.,  pi.}    Esquire. 

-esque,  suffix.    Like  in  manner  or  style.    [F.] 

Es'qul-llne,  1  es'kwi-laln;  2  88'kwl-Un,  n.  A  hill,  the  highest 
of  the  seven  on  which  Rome  Is  built.  -Es'qul-llne,  <i. 

Es'(i(ui-mau,  1  cs'ki-mo;2  Cs'ki-mo,  n.  [-maux,  pi.]  Same 
as  Eskimo. 

es-quire',  1  es-kwair';  2  es-kwlr',  n.  1.  A  title  of  dignity, 
office,  or  courtesy.  2.  In  England,  :i  landed  proprietor; 
squire.  3.  A  gentleman  who  arts  :is  the  escort  oi  a  lady 
in  public.  4||.  A  knight's  attendant,  |<  LL.*  scutarius, 
shield-bearer.]  [<  F. -esseor  AS. -4sse,  <  Gr.''   I       i 

-ess,  suinx.    Used  to  form  feminine  nouns;  as,  adventuri 

cs-say',  1  e-se';  2  fi-sa',  vt.    1.  To  try  to  do  or  accomplish, 

especially  something  difficult;   attempt.      '!.  To   pu1    to 

the  test  or  try  (a  person  or  thing) ;  tesi  the  nature,  qual- 
ity, etc.,  of.    Syn.:  see  endeavor. 

es'say,  l  es'S;  2  Ss'a,  n,    1.  A  composition  on  some  special 
KiiKjiTt     2.  An  endeavor;  attempt;  effort.    3f*Ane 
I      [,<■<■>'»' rsiuo,  ■    ex,  out.    I   ago,  drive.]    Syn.:  see  bn- 
dbavob;  proof,     es'say-lst,  n.    1.  A  writer  of  essays,   3. 
one  who  make   an  al  tempt. 

Es'sen,  1  es'i-ii,  2  es'en,  n.    a  manufacturing  oltj  ii"'|i  298,- 

000)  in  S.  w    Prussia;  site  or  the  Krupp  factories  i bed 

by  British  and  French  aeroplanes,  1918 

es'sence,  l  es'ens;  2  Bs'finc,  n,  I.  The  intrini  ic  nature  of 
anything;  that  which  makes  a  i  hing  »  hat  it  is.  'J.  Being 
or  existence  in  the  abstract;  also,  a  being,  especially  a 
spiritual  being.  3.  A  solution,  as  of  an  essential  oil  in 
alcohol.  4.  Perfume;  scent.  [I'',  <  L  essentia,  <  esse, 
be.J— es-sen'tlal,  1  e-een'dhel;  2  e-seu'shal.    I.  a.    1.  Per- 


rildcmolilr*  - 


.  ■ :. .in  In  s 
i     ■  '  \  lenna, 

\ 

•  'i 


tarn.  ■:  , 


pron.  /-,  thou.] 

I.  TO  -  111.'  "T 

'.*.   I ..  prove 

.1.    I'o  make   tirm, 

i  i.      i  ■     I   '"' 

com  am;  in.- i  m  ra; 

i.        i  .■  Ushmg,  of  the 

-  .1  state  i  hurch. 

i   ;  ■  dally,  a 

ffctta,  <  staff  a, 

.  -•  i.i-i.  iii':. 

(  harle*  B  re  tor,  Count  d' 

..l:i.ilii]«-il  lint  Mill    to 

E  .-■la'ii.i'ii..-'.  n.     (Fr.)     A 
(2.  To  endow. 

l  .i  u  :in  estate. 

I . 

'.'.  I   ■  ndition 

'r.:  dignity;  means     '-\.  A 

i  i  •.  ind,  the 

ona.    4.  Law. 

iwful  interest 

.■r  Poet  ]  Pomp;  display. 

Sra:  see  pbopi  hty. 

I.  I.  To  regard  as 

.'. 

•  Btunate,  hold, 
:ti  alike  Imply 

■    m  a  Jewel 
in  pop- 
union 


01  har- 
tO  -'•'  :i  high 

have  a  certain 
I  regard  him  as 
blm  a*  ird  has  a  dis- 

use as  a;  rations,  proprl- 

iioun  n- 

•.I,  n.  —  Ant.:  see 

:..   as   that   bawd   on 
■    :!■<]-  respect. 

r>«pect.  Esteem 
of  worth, 

il  and  beai 

i  dlstari'  ■  dds  a  spe- 

f 

ummonly 

'  i-  lofty, 

...  or  to  .: 

'  the  per- 
ilatlon;  as,  my 

.  ;.nralHal  with  that  of 


•    - 

'  In  the  fullest 

'  ■ 
■ 
uucm.  or  retard,  and  is  especially  used  of  the  feeling  enter- 


I  i         0     >  .  go:  not.Ar;  full,  rule;  bnt.bOrn; 

i     i  o;  1-6;  I ■  •;  gO,  nit,  Or,  \%»n.    Nl> 

:tr.       tainiM  i>\  numhen  ol  people;  as.  he  stood  nigh  In  public 

i  .  •     pan    i  ■  1 1 1  m.   <  .    attachment;   friend 

.in    i . .\  i  ;  in  ,.  Mil.      Ant  :  abhorrence. antlpath]  .aversion, 

it rr,i.  loathing,  repugnance, 

.  -  i .  i  \  i  ompound  ethei  del  \\  ed  from 

mi  mm  .  i  ii. ii.  ,i  arid  II  ij  Qmtlin,  <  lermaD  cheml  il  I 

»  ilh.,  i  liner 

Ba'ther,  l  •  i't«r;  8  fis'ter,  n     The  heroine  of  the  Boos  ..f 
r  in  i  lie  ( iid  Testamenl 

rs-lhel  '|C,    I    1  il  •  I   il.     2  i      thet'ie       I.  Q        1.    1 '■  -rlaiii- 

■es-thet'lc,  j  ins  to  beauty,  taste,  or  the  fine  art  -. 

tins,   "i    1"\  ins   the  beautiful      II.   »      I- 
PAmos,  The  philosophy  ol  the  beautiful;  the  principles 
undnrl)  ins  beau  I  \      '!.  1  il  hi  tics 
perceptive.]    es'thete,  sss'thete,  n      \  votarj  ol 

-or  of  or  a  pretender  to  One  taste  i  rid  artistic  oulture, 
es-thctlrs,  sss-thet'les,  I  beauts  and 

■  I  the  inn-  arts  anil  an  criticism, 

i-  n  .iiue'.  i  .  "ir.ir;  2  e'lr.'ii'.  ii  a  French  family  ol 
printers  and  scholars,  especially  <i  Benrl  -  I  i98  .who 
discovered   Anacreon's  poena  Boberl    (1608   1569  . 

n  ho  issued  1 1  editions  of  the  Bible. 
fs'ii-m;i-iil  «■'',  i  .  .'ii -in. .-Li;  2  Bs'ti-ma-bl,  a,     1.  De- 
li .,1  esteem     '!   Thai  mas  be  estimated  or  cal- 
culated    :«;.  Valuable 

es'tt-ma-bl  e-ness*,  n     es'tl-ma-bly,  adv. 
es'ti-mate.  1  ee'ti-mfit;  2  feVti-mat.     I.  it.     |-M.\T"EDd; 
-mm"in..  ]     1.  T.>  i" . > r r 1 1  a  genera]  > >i >i niiin  about;  com- 
pute.   '■!.  To  assign  a  value  to;  rate. 

Syn.:  see  appreciati  .  i  u  i  i  i  ii  i    bbi  bem 
II.  n.     A   valuation  baaed  on  opinion   or  incomplete 

data.  [<  1  .  •  .  •,  ,  pp,  uf  axtiimi,  vahe]  c>>"ti- 
iii  ;i 'lion,  n.  1.  The  act  Of  estimating,  or  the  conclusion  ar- 
rived at:  an  estimate,  'i.  Esteem;  regard.  Syn.:  see  attach- 
ment; esteem.  —  es'tl-ma-tii  e-.  es'll-ma-to-r)  ,  a. 

estl-val,  I  1  e>'ti-v,.i or ee-tal'vel; 2 es*tl-val or Es-ti'val.    I. a. 

a-s'(l-\al,  S  of  or  pertaining  to  summer;  appearing  in  summer. 
II.  n.  Pathol.  Summer  complaint;  disorder  of  the  bowels. 
[<  LI,,  aestivalis,  <  L.  tssUu,  summer.] 

es"tl-\a'tlon,   (  1   ps'ti-vc'sTwm;  2  es"tl-va'shon.  n.     1.  The 

;es"tl-\a'tlon,  S  act  of  spending  the  summer.  2.  The  dor- 
mancy In  summer  of  certain  animals.  3.  The  disposition  of 
the  parts  of  a  flower  In  the  bud;  prefloratlon. 

eft-top',  1  es-top';  2  es-tOp',  it.     [ES-TOPPED't;  ES-TOP'PrNG  1 

1.  Law.  To  preclude  from  averring  In  an  action  what  Is 
contrary  to  prior  acts  or  admissions.  2.  To  bar  (oneself),  In 
general  by  one's  own  act.  [<  OF.  estoper,  <  LL.  stupo, 
cram.  <  L.  stuppa,  <  Gr.  slyppl.  tow.] 

es-top'pel,  1  es-top'el;  2  es-top'el,  n.  1.  Law.  An  act  or  ad- 
mission that  can  not  legally  be  denied.    2.  Prohibition. 

cs-t range',  1  es-trgnj';  2  es-trang/,  it.  (ks-thanced';  es- 
tkang'inc;.]    1.  To  make  indifferent  or  distant ;  alienate. 

2.  To  make  a  stranger.  [<  OF.  estranger,  <  estrange, 
strange.] — es-trange'ment,  n. 

es-traj ',  1  •  s-tnv;  2  es-tra',  n.  Law    A  stray  or  unclaimed 

domestic  animal.    [  <  F.  estraie.] 
Ks"trc-ma-du'ra,  1  es'trfi-ma-du'ra;  2  Ss'tre-mii-du'ra,  n. 

An  old  province  In  Spain;  16,1 18  sq.  m.;  pop.  957,000. 
es'trleb,  1  os'tncii;  •>  es'lrleh,  n.     1.  Down  of  the  ostrich:  a 

tradename.    2t.  An  ostrich.    (Var.  of  ostrich.)  es'trldeet. 
es'tu-a-ry,  1  es'chu-e-n;  2  6s'chu-a-ry,  n.   [-riesz,  p/.]   A 

wide  lower  part  of  a  tidal  river.     [  <  L.  xstuarium,   < 
tide.] 
es'tu-atet,  rf.    To  boll  up.    [<  L.  sestuo.  <  aestus,  a  burning.] 

a-s'tu-atet.- es-tu-a'tlont,  n. 
c-su'rl-ence,  l  i-siu'ri-ens;  2  e-su'ri-cne,  n.    Hunger;  greedi- 
ness,   e-su'rl-en-ryj. — e-su'rl-entl ,  a. 
-et.    a  diminutive  sulllx:  fern.  -ette.    [ <  F.  -et,  -ette.] 
E.  T.,  abbr.    Electric  telegraph,  English  translation. 
e"ta"gerc',  1  e'ta'saf;  2  e'ta'zher',  n.    An  ornamental  stand 

w  1th  shelves;  a  what-not.    [  <  P.  ttaoe,  stage] 
et  al.,  abbr.    [L.\    El  alibi  (and  elsewhere),  «/  alii,  alix,  or  alia 

(and  others).  —  etc.,  &c,  abbr.    [L.]    Etcetera. 
et  cet'er-a,  1  et  set'ar-a;  2  et  ctt'er-a.    And  other  things,  or 

the  rest;  and  so  forth:  abbreviated  etc.  and  &c.     [L.]     et 

esel  'er-aj. 
etch',  |  1  ech;  2  8ch,  v.    I.  t.    To  engrave  by  means  of  a 

eeh',  |  corrosive  fluid;  al.-o,  by  incising  lines  with  a 
pointed  instrument.  II.  i,  To  practise  the  art  of  etch- 
ing. (  <  G.D  Sizen,  corrode,  etch] — etch'ing,  n.  1.  A 
s  of  engraving  In  which  lines  are  scratched  with  a 
needle  on  a  plate  covered  with  wax  or  other  coating,  and 
the  parts  thus  exposed  are  subjected  to  the  biting  of  an  acid. 
2.  An  Impression  from  an  etched  plate. 

e-ter'nal,  1  t-tur'nal;  2  e-tSr'nal,  a.  Having  neither  be- 
ginning nor  end  of  existence;  infinite  in  duration;  ever- 
lasting; tameless;  immutable;  also,  of  or  pertaining  to 
.t.rnity.  [<  I,.OF  xternus,  <  sevum,  age.l  se-tern't; 
ae-ter'nalt;  e-tern'  :  e-ter'nallt;  e-terne'||. 

Syn.:  deathless,  endless,  eonlan.  everlasting,  ever-living, 
fadeless.  Immortal,  Imperishable,  Interminable,  never. end- 
trig,  never«falllng,  perennial,  perpetual,  timeless,  unceasing, 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  o«t;    ell;    10  =  feud;    (fhin;    go;    rj  =  sing;    Chin,   this.       Essequlbo 
287  2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  b&y;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.  eudemoniCS 


undying,  unending,  unfading,  unfailing,  without  end.  Eter- 
nal strictly  signities  without  beginning  or  end;  everlasting 
applies  to  that  which  may  or  may  not  have  beginning,  but 
can  never  cease;  endless,  without  end,  in  its  utmost  reach, 
is  not  distinguishable  from  everlasting,  but  is  constantly 
used  in  inferior  senses,  especially  in  mechanics,  as  in  the 
phrases  "an  endless  screw,"  "an  endless  chain."  Everlast- 
ing, endless,  and  interminable  are  used  in  a  limited  sense  of 
protracted,  indefinite,  but  not  infinite  duration;  as,  the  ever- 
lasting hills;  endless  debates;  interminable  quarrels.  Im- 
mortal applies  to  that  which  now  has  life  and  is  forever 
exempt  from  death.  Timeless  carries  the  fullest  idea  of 
eternal,  as  above  and  beyond  time,  and  not  to  be  measured 
by  it.    See  immortal;  infinite;  perpetual. 

— The  Eternal  City,  Rome;  the  New  Jerusalem;  the  City 
of  God. — e-ter'nal-ly,  adv.  Without  beginning  or  end; 
throughout  eternity;  forever. 

e-ter'ni-ty,  1  i-tur'ni-ti;  2  e-ter'ni-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  p!.]  1. 
Infinite  duration  or  existence.  2.  Endless  time.  3. 
Immortality.    4.  That  which  is  eternal  or  immortal. 

e-ter'nlze,  1  l-tur'noiz;  2  e-ter'niz,  vt.  [-nized;  -niz"ing.]  1. 
To  make  eternal.  2.  To  cause  to  exist  indefinitely.  3.  To 
immortalize,    e-ter'nlset. 

e-te'slan,  1  l-U'san;  2  e-te'zhan,  a.  Annually  periodic,  as  cer- 
tair  Mediterranean  winds.    [  <  Gr.  etesios,  <  etos,  year.] 

eth'ane,  1  eth'en;  2  eth'an.  n.  A  colorless  gaseous  compound 
contained  in  the  gases  given  off  by  petroleum  and  in  illumi- 
nating=gas.    [<  ether.] 

Eth'el-bert,  1  efh'el-burt;  2  eth'el-bert,  n.  A  king  of  Kent 
(552-616) ;  converted  by  Augustine  (597). 

Eth'el-red,  1  efh'el-red;  2  eth'el-red,  II.  (968-1016).  "The 
Unready,"  king  of  England,  979-1016. 

e'ther,  1  I'thar;  2  e'ther,  n.  1.  A  colorless  volatile  liquid 
made  by  the  action  of  sulfuric  acid  on  alcohol:  used  as 
an  anesthetic.  2.  A  supposed  medium  filling  all  space, 
through  which  the  vibrations  of  light,  heat,  and  elec- 
tricity are  propagated.  3.  The  upper  air.  [<  Gr.L 
aither,  <  aitho,  burn.] — e'ther-ize  or-lse,  vt.  To  subject  to 
the  influence  of  ether. — e"ther-l-za'[or  -sa'ltlon,  n. 

e-the're-al,  1  l-fhi'ri-al;  2  e-the're-al,  a.  1.  Having  the 
nature  of  ether  or  air;  light;  airy;  subtile.  2.  Existing 
in  or  pertaining  to  the  upper  air;  aerial,  e-the're-ousj. 
Syn.:  see  airy. 

— e-the're-al-ly,  adv. — e-the're-al-lze  or-lse,  v.  [-ized; 
IZ'ing.]  1. 1.  1.  To  make  ethereal;  spiritualize.  2.  To  change 
Into  ether.    II.  i.    To  become  ethereal. 

eth'i-cal,  1  eth'i-kal;  2  §th'i-cal,  a.  Pertaining  or  relating 
to  ethics  or  morals.  [  <  Gr.LL  ethikos,  <  ethos,  char- 
acter]   eth'lct.    Syn.:  see  moral.— eth'i-cal-ly,  adv. 

eth'lcs,  1  eth'iks;  2  8th'ics,  n.  1.  The  science  of  human 
duty;  moral  science.  2.  The  basic  principles  of  right 
action. 

E"thl-o'pl-a,  1  rthi-6'pi-a;  2  e'thi-o'pi-a,  n.  Ancient  name 
of  the  region  south  of  Egypt. 

E"thi-o'pi-an,  1  T"£hi-6'pi-an;  2  e"thi-o'pi-an.  I.  o.  1. 
Pertaining  to  or  derived  from  Ethiopia.  2.  African; 
negro.  II.  n.  1.  A  negro.  2.  A  native  of  ancient 
Ethiopia.  [<  Gr.L  Aithiopia,  Ethiopia.]  .flS"thi-o'pi- 
anj. — E'thi-op||.  I.  a.  Ethiopian;  also,  negro;  black.  II. 
n.  An  Ethiopian.  jE'thl-opt.— E"thi-op'ic.  I.  a.  Ethi- 
opian.    II.  n.     The  language  of  ancient  Ethiopia. 

eth'mold,  1  efh'meid;  2  eth'moid,  n.  A  bone,  cubical  in  man 
and  composed  of  thin  plates,  situated  at  I  lie  base  of  the 
skull.    [<  Gr.  elhmos,  sieve,  +  -oid.] — eth-mol'dal,  a. 

etli'narch,  1  efh'nurk;  2  eth'niirc,  n.  Horn.  Antiq.  A  governor 
of  a  nation  or  people;  viceroy.  [<  Gr.  elhnarehes,  <  ethnos, 
nation,  +  archo,  rule.] 

eth'nlc,  1  eth'mk:  2  eth'nic,  a.  1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  race, 
races,  or  peoples.  2.  Pertaining  to  races  neither  Jewish  nor 
Christian;  gentile;  heathen;  pagan.  [<  Gr.L+F  cthnikos,< 
ethnos,  nation.)    eth'ni-cait.— eth'nl-cal-ly,  adv. 

ethnog.,  abbr.     Ethnographical,  ethnography. 

eth-nog'c-ny,  1  eth-noj'i-m;  2  eth-nog'e-ny,  re.  The  depart- 
ment of  ethnology  that  deals  with  the  origin  of  races.  [< 
Gr.  ethnos,  race,  +  -geny.) — eth"iio-gen'io,  a.  1.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  ethnogeny.    2.  Producing  races  or  peoples. 

eth-nog'ra-phy,  1  elh-nog'ra-fi;  2  cth-nog'ra-fy,  n.  1.  The 
branch  of  anthropology  that  considers  mini  geographically 
and  descriptively,  treating  of  the  subdivision  of  races,  the 
causes  of  migration,  etc.  2.  Formerly,  ethnology.  [<  (Jr. 
ethnos,  race,  +  -GBAPHY.] — eth-nog'ra-plier,  n.  One  who 
studies  or  is  proflciem  In  ethnography,  eth-nog'ra-phlstt. 
— eth"nn -graph 'i<\  n.    of  or  pertaining  to  ethnography; 

descriptive  of  races  and  peoples.     e(  h"llo-graph'l-cal  J. 
eth"no-graph  'l-cal-ly,  adv. 

<l  hni, I.,  nhhr .     Ethnological,  ethnology. 

eth-nol'o-gy,  1  cf.h-nol'o-ji;  2  eth-nol'o-gy,  n.  The  science 
of  the  natural  rares  and  families  of  men.  [<  (Jr.  ethHOS, 
race,  +  -loot.]  etli"no-log'l-cal,  c(h"nn-Iog'lc,  a. — 
eth"no-log'l-cal-ly,  adv.    eth-nol'o-glst,  n. 

o-thog'ra-pliy,  1  t-Uiog'ni-ft;  2  c-thog'ra-fy,  n.  Anlhrop.  A 
description  of  the  moral  attributes  and  customs- of  mankind. 
l<  Or, WMf|  chaniclcr.    I    -on  A  fit  v.| 


e-thol'o-gy,  1  i-thol'o-ji;  2  e-thol'o-gy,  n.  The  science  of  the 
formation  of  human  character.  [  <  Gr.  ethos,  character,  + 
-logy.] — e"tho-log'l-cal,  e"tho-log'ic,   a. 

eth'yl,  1  efh'il;  2  eth'yl,  n.  An  organic  radical  of  the  paraffin 
series.  Adjectlvely  the  word  denotes  the  existence  of  the 
radical  in  a  compound;  as,  ethyl  ether,  etc.  [<  eft-  (in 
ether)  +  -yl.]  eth'ulet.— eth'yl-at"ed,  a.  Treated  or 
combined  with  ethyl  or  its  compounds. — eth-yl'ic,  a. — 
ethyl  or  ethylic  alcohol,  common  alcohol.    See  alcohol. 

eth'yl-ene,  1  efh'il-in;  2  eth'yl-en,  n.  Chem.  A  colorless  in- 
flammable gaseous  compound  contained  in  coal=gas;  bicar- 
bureted  hydrogen. 

e'ti-o-late,  1 i'ti-o-let;  2  e'ti-o-lat,  vt.  &  vi.  [-lat'ed1!;  -lad- 
ing] To  whiten,  or  become  white,  as  a  plant  or  person  ex- 
cluded from  the  sunlight.  [  <  F.  ttioler,  blanch,  <  esleule, 
straw,  <  L.  slipula,  straw.] — e"ti-o-la'tlon,  n. 

e"ti-ol'o-gy,  I  1  rti-ol'o-ji;  2  e"ti-ol'o-gy,  n.    The  science  of 

ae"tl-ol'o-gy,  i  efficient,  as  distinguished  from  final,  causes; 
that  department  of  various  sciences  that  has  to  do  with  in- 
quiry as  to  causes,  or,  in  philosophy,  a  First  Cause.  [  < 
Gr.LL  aitiologia,  <  aitia,  cause;  and  see  -ology.] — e"tl-o- 
log'I-cal,  a. 

et'i-quette",  1  et'i-ket";  2  6t'i-k6t",  n.  The  usages  of 
polite  society  or  professional  intercourse.  [  <  F.  eti- 
guette;  see  ticket.] 

et'na1, 1  et'na;  2  et'na,  n.  An  apparatus  for  heating  a  small 
quantity  of  a  liquid  as  by  means  of  a  spiritMamp.    [  <  Etna.] 

Et'na-,  n.  A  volcano  (9,652  ft.)  in  Sicily.  jEt'nal.— Et- 
ne'an,  a.    ^Et-ne'ant. 

E'ton,  1  i'tan;  2  e'ton,  n.  A  collegiate  town  opposite  Windsor, 
on  the  Thames,  England. — E-to'nl-an,  a.  &  n. 

E-tru'ri-a,  1  i-trii'n-a;  2  e-try'ri-a,  n.  An  ancient  country, 
N.  W.  of  Rome;  conquered  by  Romans,  283  B.  C. — E-tru'- 
ri-an,  a.  &  n. 

E-trus'can,  1  i-trus'kan;  2  e-trus'can,  a.  Pertaining  to 
Etruria,  its  art,  language,  etc.  [the  following). 

et  seq.,  sq.,  or  sqq.,  abbr.   [L,.]   Et  scquentes,  el  sequentia  (and 

et'tle1,  1  et'l;  2  et'l,  v.  (et'tled;  et'tling.]  [Scot.)  I.  t.  1. 
To  intend;  purpose;  attempt.  2.  To  conjecture;  suppose. 
II.  i.  1.  To  take  aim:  with  at.  2.  To  shape  one's  course. 
3.  To  make  an  effort.  4.  To  be  ambitious.  [<  Ice.  ella.] 
ec'clet;  ec'klet. — et'tler,  n. 

et'tle2,  vt.  To  earn.  [<  Ice.  bdhla.}  ad 'diet. — et'tlings, 
1  et'hnz;  2  fit'lingg,  n.  pi.  [North.  Eng]  Earnings. 

et'tle,  n.  [Scot. I  1.  Intention;  aim.    2.  Opportunity. 

e"tude',  1  e"tiid';  2  e"tiid',  n.  A  study;  musical  exercise.    [F.] 

e"tul',  1  e"twi';  2  e"twi',  n.  A  case  for  carrying  small  articles. 
[F.]    et-wee't.  [mology. 

etym.,  etymol.,  abbr.     Etymological,  etymologically,  ety- 

et"y-mol'o-gy,  1  et"i-mol'o-ji;2et"y-m61'o-gy,n.  [-giesz, 
pi.]  1.  That  branch  of  philology  which  treats  of  the 
derivation  of  words;  also,  an  account  of  the  derivation 
of  a  particular  word.  2.  The  branch  of  grammar  that 
treats  of  the  parts  of  speech  and  their  inflections.  [  < 
Gr.  etymon,  the  true  (sense);  and  see  -ology.] — et"y-mo- 
log'1-cal,  a.  Relating  to  or  founded  upon  etymology.  et"y- 
mo-log'lct. — et"y-mo-log'i-cal-ly,  adv. — et"y-mol'o- 
gist,  n.  A  student  of  or  one  versed  in  etymology. — et"y- 
mol'o-gize,  vt.  &  vi.  [-gized;  -giz"ing.]  To  trace  or  give 
the  derivation  of  words. 

et'y-mon,  1  et'i-mon;  2  et'y-mon,  re.  1.  The  radical  or  root 
form  of  a  word.   2.  The  primitive  signification  of  a  word.   [L.j 

cu-,  prefix.  Good;  agreeable;  well.  [  <  Or.  ere-,  <  ens,  good,  well.] 

Eu-bo?'a,  1  yu-bi'a;  2  yu-be'a,  n.  An  island  in  the  ^Egean 
sea,  belongiug  to  Greece;  1,460  sq.  m.;  pop.  117,000. 

eu'ea-lypt,  1  yu'ka-lipt;  2  yu'ca-lypt,  re.  [Rare.]  A  tree  of 
the  genus  Eucalyptus. 

Eu"ca-lyp'tus,  1  yu"ka-lip'tus;2yu*ca-lyp'tus,n.  I.  A  genus 
of  large  evergreen  trees:  chiefly  Australian.  2.  [e-]  A  tree 
of  this  genus.    [<  EU-  +  Gr.  kalypto,  cover.] 

eu'cha-rist,  1  yii'ka-rist;  2  yu'ca-rlst,  n.  1.  The  Lord's 
Supper;  the  communion.  2.  Hence,  the  elements,  bread 
and  wine,  in  the  communion.  [  <  Gr.'-1'  i  iirlmrtstin,  < 
eu,  well,  +  chairo,  rejoice.)  Syn.:  sec  sacrament.— eu"- 
cha-ris'tlc,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  the  eucharlst.  2.  Im- 
pressive of  thanks.     eu"cha-rls'M-oaIt. 

eu'ciire,  1  yu'kar;  2  yu'cer.  I.  st.  [eu'cheed;  ku'- 
chring.]  In  the  game  of  euchre,  to  check  (an  opponent) ; 

hence,  to  outwit  or  defeat.     II.  n.     1.  A  game  ol  cards 

2.  The  act  of  euchring.    [Cp.  G.  jucks,  joke  I 
Eu'cken,  1  ol'ken;    2  61'kcn,  Christian  Rudolph   (18-16 
).     A  German  philosopher;  awarded  Nobel  prize  lor 
literature,  1908. 
Ku'clid,  ]  vu'kiid ;  2  yu'elld,  re.   1.  E.  of  Alexandria,  a  math- 
ematician (350-300  H.  < '.);  "father  of  geometry."    2.  E.  of 
Mcgura,  a  creek  philosopher  (5th  century  B,  <  I.). 
eu"dc-mon'lcs,  J  yQ'di-men'iks; 2  yu"de-mOn'ics,  n.    1. The 
branch  ol  ethics  thai  discusses  happiness,    2.  Means  of  com 
fort  or  happiness.    eu"dBO-mon'icst.    eu-de'mon-lsm, 

n.  The  theory  that  makes  the  pursuit,  enjoyment,  .-md  pro- 
duction of  happiness  the  supreme  end,  I  •  Or.  <  udaimonis 
mos,  •  eudaimOn,  fortunate,  eu,  well,  I  dattnOn,  spirit.] 
eu-dayiuou-lsmi,.—  eu-de'mon-lst,re.— cu-de"mon-ls'- 


I  Uk.-ih- 
rlll 


I  i  ,,  o     nut.  Ar;   full,  rOIe;    but.  bOrn; 

i     i     ,  I-  C;  I-  .  .  gO,  nni.  Or,  wdn,      188 


> 

.    from 

I  I 

>■.»»:'  t  ll-l,      rl-.lll. 

•  ii  lo-glMii  :  : 

■inn.    1'iiloKlum. 

llllOMl     III 

lief  ore  an 

■  0WC1  it, 

«  ll  loll 

,    ,  I 

...  ob- 

i  Ion. 

one  w  ho  Bpcaks 

.11   Io-cIm  id.         Relating 

i  ii   li.- 

.        i-   .     .ii  lo-ciie     -Kite.       -ohm  d; 

<  ii  mi.  ii.  d  man; 

mbcrlain.     [<   Gr.L 

- ;    ilthy  digestion: 

.-.  stlon  ] 

.  n-|..  |.  ii.  .         i .  good  dlges- 

i  n  pbr-mlsro, 

i  ii   I.  -nn-iii    . 

|  -  ..■-.  ..,:..        .  ■     Gr.  <  ■■■'  ■  '■•    m>  -■     «u,    well,    -1- 

U     ^W.,  .  il'lill. —  llll-l.  ru"|ihr-llli«'(ir,     a. 

|.!l.-llll-    II-.    il.       i  uph. -ml/e.  A    rl 

.  II    |.||..-ll>  ,  I  [-NIES*,   pi.]      1. 

■  ii  i..-n>   .  '!.  w  ell«sounding 

[  <    ( lr  '  '•  .  a, 
en-pbon  'ic.  a. 
eu-phon'l-cal   . 

.  n-pbo  iiI-mu-.       Chan 

-I) ,  adv.     cu'pho- 
i,i.:  ,  p i, ..-in/.  . 

E*-pt>.         .  .  i-for'bl-a,  n.  1        I 

uid  •  ■  f  the  spurge  Family. 

.   .    / 

M    l.l-.i  i-.  .  u-pln.r  lil-.il. 

river  of 

Mrnenla  to  the  Persian  Gulf . 

I  n.    Gr.  Myth. 

mankind. 

...    1.  An  affectation 
le.  orlgl- 
.■ 
3 

■  ii    |.lni-l-  'Hi  .  eorpbu-ls'tl-cal- 

[l-.l  Urn  LYDON. 

u-rak'wl-lo,  n.     Same  a~ 
■   imblned  contl- 

f  ur-.i   -I. in.  t.ur-a"<.l-at  '- 

i  m:.    I  nr-.,  -i.Hi.   n.     A   half»c 

in. I  (It),   (fir.) 
i  l  Greek  tragic 

Km-rtx 

r-.r-.v.-.v    ».:.  1       •    •    ■     I  •  .   .    •  :  ■        ■  ,-.  ,1)1        [  •      Gr 

I    .-'  ll-l<i    .    f .11'  r..-.i.j    ul-l..    . 

I 

I  a  bull. 
' 
) 

pbcre. 
I  ii    r..-|.<     in.  I. 

1 1. 

I.u"- 
n-;  I        r..-[,.  "an-l-za'tlon,  n 

Chen,    a 
.    . 

•    IfcNT. 


■ 
■ 

,     Ml-I... 


t  u-ryd  !-<•<•.  I  mum  Myth.  A  dj  mph, 

, .  ■  r.iii  1 1  .i  a  (hi  ■  tii-i  'death  in  follow  Mm  back 

Hades  provided  thai  lie  simuhi  nol  look  behind  aim, 

itched  awa)  when  he  violated  tho  condition 

I  ii--.    iii-u-.    |  ■      "      M    •   I  I  n  (38 1"    '•  10?) 

lied  i  in'  father  ol  church  hi 
i    mi.  .hi-.,,  l  e*i  'i  ...  Bartolornmeo 

tn  Italian  anatomist      Hu-siaviii-an,  ,i 
i  ii-i.ii  iii.in  tube,  t»j  whlah  the  pharynx  rum 

m  nil  the  ii, iii, Mr  ear, 
i  ii  i.i»  sprinK-.  i  \  \  lllago  iii  s   i:  South 

i  nrollni of  British  \  Ictorj  ,  Bepl   B,  I7M. 

Ku-iiT'pc.  1  yu-tOr'pi    '-mi.'  p.    n    .  If  i/f  A.  The  Muse 

..t  lyric  Bona:  patron  of  (lute>players;  reputed  Inventor  ol 

wiiiil-liisirniiiriii  -       Kii-tcr'pc-aii.  a 

cii'l  h.i-n;iM-a,  I   Ml"  I  li.<  in'.'.i  ...  :.'  >ifl  ha-iia'/.hl  a.  «.    l'aln- 

;..  aceful  death;  also,  a  means  ol  producing  It.    |      I  ■  ' 
i  u.  well,   i  ttianatot,  death.] 
eu-then'lcHi  1  yu-then'iks;  2  ra  bhen'lcs,  n,    1.  The  science 
of  Improving  the  human  race  by  external  Influences,  apart 

from  considerations  ol  heredity.    '1.  The  science  which  i a 

irlng  the  mosl  favorable  conditions  fur  the  growth  ol 
plains  and  animals.    <  ompare  edqeni        :      Or.  i 
welUbelng.l    eii'i lic-iilst,  n.  [name. 

Kux  'Inc.  1  ]  (iKs'in;  L'  yuks'ln,  n.    The  Black  Bea:  the  ancient 

c-iai'ii-uiil,  ]  i-\  iik'yii-.'uit ;  2  c-vi"ic'.\n-ant.    I. a,     Producing 

evacuation,    ll.  n.   s ithlng  thai  e  islsts  evacuation. 

e-Tac'U-ate,  1  i-vak'yu-e't;  2  e-v&e'yu  it,  i      I 

-..;.)    I.  /.    1.  To  abandoi  m  of  by  with- 

drawing from,  as  a  fortress.  2.  To  eject  or  .li  rli. -it hi-,  as 
from  the  bowels.  3.  To  make  empty.  II.  i  Tops  01 
Bow  out.  |<  L.  c,  out,  +  vacuus,  empty.]  e-v;ie"u- 
a  'don,  ii  l.  The  act  of  evacuating,  or  thai  which  isevacu- 
ated.  '■!.  The  acl  ol  making  void  or  null,  as  a  contract. — 
c-vac'u-a-tlv(eB,n.  e-vac'li-a-tn-r> ■♦.-    c-»ac'u-a"for,  n. 

c-vade',  1  i-v,  ,1';  2  i -\  ad',  t     [b-vad'bd"1;  e-vad'ing.]    I. 

I      To  avoid  by  artifice;  elude;  liaflle;  escape.     II.  i.     1. 

To  practise  artifice  in  order  to  elude  nr  escape.    2t>  To 

i  away.     [<  L.  evado,  <  e,  from,  -f-  vado,  go.] 
Syn.:  see  ESC  tPB. 

e-val'vu-lar,  l  i-val'vlu-ler;  2  e-val'vQ-lar,  a.  Bot.  Not  open- 
ing by  valves.    [<  E-  +  L.  mini,  valve] 

ev"a-ne8'ccnt,  1  eVe-nes'ent;  2  8v"a-n8s'8nt,  a.  Passing 
away,  or  liable  to  pass  away,  gradually  or  imperceptibly. 
[<  L.  evanesco,  vanish.]  Syn.:  see  transient.'  -ev"a-nesce', 
rf. — ev"a-nes'cenee,  n. — ev"a-iies'ci'nl-lj,  adv. — ev"a- 
nes'cl-bl(e'',  a. 

Evang.,  nhhr.    Evangelical,  evangelist. 

e- van 'gel,  1  i-van'jel;  2  e-v&n'gSl,  n.  Good  news;  a  gospel. 
..I-  euangelion,  <  eu,  well,  I  angelos,  messenger.] — 
c\"an-Kcl  'i-cal.  I.  n.  l.  <  if  nr  pertaining  to  the  gospel  nr 
the  lour  Gospels,  'i.  Boldlng  or  conformed  to  what  the 
Protestants  regard  as  the  fundamental  doctrines  "f  the  gos- 
pel, especially  the  atonement,  Justification  by  faith,  and  re 
generation.  :f.  spiritually  minded  and  zealous  for  practical 
i  Ian  living.  4.  Seeking  the  conversion  of  sinners;  evan- 
gelistic II.  n.  one  who  holds  evangelical  doctrines;  in  the 
Church  of  England,  one  or  the  Lowchurch  party;  in  Ger- 
many, a  Lutheran.  ev"an-geric;.  ev"an-gel'l-cal-lsm, 
n.  f\  "an-Kel  '1-can-Ism};  ev"an-geri-elsinj.  ev"an- 
gel'l-cal-ry,  adv.  ev"an-gcl'l-eal-ness,  n.  e-van"ge- 
lle'l-ty;.-  e-van'gel-lsm,  n.  Zeai  In  spreading  the  gospel. 
e-van'gel-lsl,  n.  1.  A  traveling  revivalist;  missionary. 
2.  One  of  the  four  writers  of  the  Gospels.  e-\  an  "gel-is 'lie, 
e-\an 'gcl-lzc  or  -Isc,  vt.  [-IZED;  -lZ'ING.]  To  Instruct 
In  the  gospel;  convert,     e-van"gel-l-za'|or-sa']tloii,  n. 

K-\an'ge-llnc,  1  l-van'jl-lln,  -lain,  or  -lin;  2  e-vau'ge-lin,  -lln, 
or  -li ii.  n.    The  heroine  of  Longfellow's  poem  ol  thai  name. 

e-van'lsh,  ]  i-van'iah;  2  e-van'toh,  vt.  [Poet.]  To  vanish 
e-vap'o-rate,  1  i-vap'o-r§t;  z  e-v&p'o-rat,  v.    [-bathed1'; 
-BAT*inq.]    I.  t.     1.  To  converl  into  vapor,  as  by  heat. 
2.  To  remove  moisture  from  by  drying  or  heating.   II.  i. 
'I'n  become  vapor;  pass  off  like  vapor.    [<  L.LL  e,  out, 
ipor,    vapor.]     e-vap"o-ra-bll'l-ty,   n.     e-vap'o-ra- 
iil  i'1, 'i.     c-vap"o-ra'llon,  n.     1.  The  act  of  changing  or 
being  changed  into  vapor,     'i.  The  act  of  drying  or  concen- 
trating     e-\ap'o-ra-(lv(es,   .;      e-vap'o-ra"lor,   n.     An 
apparatus  for  drying  substances,  as  fruits,  by  evaporation. 
Ev'arts,  l  ev'arts;  2  ev'arts,  William  Maxwell  (1818-1901). 

An  American  lawyer,  statesman,  and  Secretary  of  State. 

e-va'slon,  ]  i-v6'3sn;  2  e-v&'zhon,  n.  The  act,  means,  or 
i  of  evading;  equivocation;  subterfuge.  [<  L.LL' 
.1  e-va'slvce8,  a.  Tending  or  seeking  to  evade; 
marked  by  evasion;  elusive.   -\y,aiiv.   -ncss,  n. 

i'ii-  ,  l  fv;2Sv,n.  I.  The  evening  before  a  church  festival 
or  the  like  'J.  The  time  immediately  preceding  some 
ev.-nt.  .1.  [Poet.]  Evening.  (<  AS.  xfen.] 

Eve*,  1  Iv;  2  Sv,  n.  The  first  woman;  wife  of  Adam.  Gen.  ill, 
20.     E'vat. 

c'ven,  1  i'vn;  2  e'vn,  v.  I.  t.  To  make  even  or  level;  bal- 
ance, lit.  t.  To  be  or  become  even  in  any  way.  [  <J 
AS.  tfnan,  <  efen;  see  even,  a.] 


1:»«=  final;    l=hablt_^   aisle;    dU  =  out;    ell;    lfl  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    0  =  sins;   thin,  this.       Eugene 
289        2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  evil 


e'ven,  a.  1.  Free  from  inequalities  or  irregularities;  level; 
uniform.  2.  Divisible  by  2  without  remainder:  said  of 
numbers.  3.  On  the  same  level  or  line.  4.  Without  ad- 
vantage on  either  side;  of  the  same  character;  equal.  5. 
Unvarying  in  disposition,  action,  or  quality.  6.  Whole 
or  entire:  said  of  money,  numbers,  etc.  7t«  Equal  in 
rank.  [  <  AS.  efen,  efn,  =  Goth,  ibn-s,  even,  equal.] 
Syn.:  see  flat;  horizontal;  just;  levf.l;  smooth.— e'vem 
li  and  "I'd,  a.  Treating  all  alike;  Impartial;  as,  even-handed 
justice,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

e'vcn,  n.  [Archaic  or  Poet.]  Evening,  or  the  eve  before  an 
event.  [<  AS.  sefen.] — e'ven-fall",  n  [Poet.]  Early  eve- 
ning.— e'ven-tide",  n.    The  time  of  evening. 

e'ven,  adv.  1.  To  a  like  degree;  at  the  very  time;  fully; 
quite.  2.  As  much  as;  so  far  as.  3.  Evenly.  [<  AS. 
efne,  <  efen;  even,  a.] 

eve'ning,  1  rv'mrj;  2  ev'ning,  n.  The  closing  part  of  the 
day.    [  <  AS.  xfnung,  <  xfen,  evening.] 

e'ven=song",  n.  1.  Evening  prayer.  2.  The  time  for  evening 
service.  3.  An  evening  hymn.  [  <  AS.  xfensang,  <  xfen, 
evening.  +  sang,  song.] 

e-vent',  1  i-vent';  2  e-v6nt',  n.  1.  Anything  that  happens 
or  comes  to  pass.  2.  The  result  or  outcome  of  any 
action.  3.  A  contingent  occurrence  or  state  of  things. 
4.  One  incident  in  a  series,  as  of  games.  5f.  An  affair 
in  hand;  enterprise.    [  <  L.  e,  out,  +  venio,  come.] 

Syn.:  case,  chance,  circumstance,  consequence,  contin- 
gency, end.  episode,  fact,  fortune,  incident,  issue,  occurrence, 
outcome,  possibility,  result,  sequel.  Etymologically,  the 
incident  is  that  which  falls  in,  the  event  that  which  comes  out; 
event  is  thus  greater  and  more  signal  than  incident;  we  speak 
of  trifling  incidents,  great  events;  incidents  of  dally  life,  events 
of  history.  Circumstance  agrees  with  incident  in  denoting  a 
matter  of  relatively  slight  importance,  but  implies  a  more 
direct  connection  with  the  principal  matter  as  indicated  in 
the  phrase  "circumstantial  evidence."  An  occurrence  Is, 
etymologically,  that  which  we  run  against,  without  thought 
of  its  origin,  connection,  or  tendency.  An  episode  is  con- 
nected with  the  main  course  of  events,  like  an  incident  or  cir- 
cumstance, but  is  of  more  independent  interest  and  impor- 
tance. Outcome  is  the  Saxon,  and  event  the  Latin  for  express- 
ing the  same  original  idea.  Consequence  and  result  express 
more  of  logical  connection,  and  are  more  comprehensive. 
The  end  may  be  simple  cessation:  the  event  is  what  has  been 
accomplished;  the  event  of  a  war  is  victory  or  defeat;  the  end 
of  the  war  is  reached  when  a  treaty  of  peace  Is  signed.  Since 
the  future  is  contingent,  event  comes  to  have  the  meaning  of  a 
contingency;  as,  in  the  event  of  his  death,  the  policy  will  at 
once  fall  due.  Compare  circumstance;  consequence;  end. 
— e-vent 'fill,  a.  Attended  or  characterized  by  important 
or  noteworthy  events;  momentous,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

e-ven'tu-al,  li-yen'cfiu-[or-tiu-]el;2e-v6n'chu-[or-tu-]a], 
a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  being  a  result;  consequential; 
ultimate.  2.  Dependent  upon  a  final  contingency. — 
e-ven"tu-al'l-ty,  n.  [-tiesz,  pi.]  The  character  of  hap- 
pening contingently  or  as  a  result. — e-ven'tu-al-ly,  adv. 
Ultimately;  finally.  — e-ven'tu-ate,  vi.  [-AT"EDd;  -at"ing.] 
1.  To  have  a  particular  event  or  issue;  result.  2.  To  be  the 
event  or  issue;  happen. — e-ven"tu-a'tlon,  n. 

ev'er,  1  ev'ar;  2  fiv'er,  adv.  1.  At  any  time;  in  any  case; 
in  any  degree;  at  all.  2.  Under  all  circumstances;  al- 
ways; perpetually.  [  <  AS.  sefre.] — ev 'er-green".  La. 
Retaining  verdure  throughout  the  year:  always  fresh.  II.  n. 
1.  An  evergreen  tree  or  plant.  2.  An  evergreen  tree,  or  any 
part  of  it,  as  used  for  decoration. — ev"cr-last'ln(r.     I.  a. 

I.  Lasting  forever;  eternal.  2.  Interminable;  incessant;  also, 
exceedingly  durable.  II.  n.  1.  Past  or  future  endless  dura- 
tion; eternity.  2.  [E-]  The  one  who  is  eternal;  God:  pre- 
ceded by  l  he  definite  article.  3.  A  plant  whose  flowers  retain 
their  form  and  colors  when  dried.  S.vn.:  sec  eternal:  im- 
mortal.— cv"er-las t 'I nit-ly,  «'/'>.  ev"erdlv 'ins;, «.  1.  Im- 
mortal. 2.  Permanent;  unfailing  Syn.:  see  eternal.— cv'- 
er-more",  adv.  During  all  time;  always. 

Ev'er-est,  1  ev'ar-est;  2  ev'er-est.  Mount.  A  peak  of  the 
Himalayas,  East  Nepal,  India,  29,0(12  ft.;  the  highest  mea- 
sured mountain  In  the  world. 

Ev'cr-ett,  1  ev'ar-et;  2  ev'cr-ct,  Edward  (1704-1865).  An 
American  scholar,  statesman,  and  orator. 

cv'er-glade",  1  eVer-glSd";  2  eVer-glad",  n.    A  tract  of 

low  swampy  land  covered  with  tall  grass. 
cv'cT-lcht,  a.  Kvery;  each,  ev'ory-ychet- 
e-ver'slon,  1  i-vi)r'shan;  2  e-ver'slion.  n.    A  turning  backward 

or  Inside  out;  also,  overturning;  overthrow.     [       I,    eversio, 

<  e,  out,  +  verto,  turn.]— e-vcrt',  vl.— c-ver'sl-bl(e'',  a. 

c-ver'tllcl.— e-vcr'.slv(cs,  a. 
eve'ry,  1  ev'n ;  2  ev'ry.    I.  a.    1.  Each,  as  of  an  aggregate 

of  individuals;  all  taken  one  by  one.     2.  All  possible, 

II.  -pron.  Legal.  Every  ono;  each.     [<   AS.  eefre  (see 

EVER)    +  Xlc;  Bee  EACH.l 

Syn.:  all,  any,  both,  each,  either.  All  ami  both  :ire  collec- 
tive; any,  each,  and  every  :ire  distributive,  Any  makes  no 
selection  and  may  not  reach  to  the  full  limits  of  all;  each  and 


every  make  no  exception  or  omission,  and  must  extend  to  all; 
all  sweeps  in  the  units  as  part  of  a  total,  each  and  every  pro- 
ceed through  the  units  to  the  total.  A  promise  made  to  all 
omits  none;  a  promise  made  to  any  may  not  reach  all;  a 
promise  made  to  every  one  is  so  made  that  no  individual  shall 
fail  to  be  aware  of  it;  a  promise  made  to  each  is  made  to  the 
individuals  personally,  one  by  one.  Each  is  thus  more  in- 
dividual and  specific  than  every;  every  classifies,  each  indi- 
vidualizes. Each  divides,  both  unites;  if  a  certain  sum  is 
given  to  each  of  two  persons,  both  (together)  must  receive 
twice  the  amount;  both  must  be  aware  of  what  has  been 
separately  communicated  to  each;  a  man  may  fire  both  bar- 
rels of  a  gun  by  a  single  movement;  if  he  fires  each  barrel,  he 
discharges  them  separately.  Either  commonly  denotes  one 
of  two,  indefinitely,  to  the  exclusion  of  the  other;  either  is 
also  in  good,  tho  somewhat  archaic,  use,  in  the  sense  of  each 
or  both  of  two,  taken  separately  and  indifferently;  as,  on 
either  side  of  the  river.  There  was  a  huge  fireplace  at  cither 
end  of  the  hall.    Scott  Ivanhoe.  iii. 

— eve'ry-bod"y,  n.  Every  person;  people  tn  general. — 
eve'ry»day",  a.  Suitable  for  every  day;  ordinary;  usual. 
Syn.:  see  common;  general;  usual. — eve'ry-thlns;,  n.  1. 
Each  one  in  a  collection  or  number  of  things;  whatever  ex- 
ists. 2.  Something  supremely  important  or  including  all 
things.— eve'ry- where",  ado.  1.  At  or  in  everyplace.  2. 
[Colloq.]  Wherever. 

evest,  eves'drop"t,  etc.    Same  as  eaves,  etc. 

Evc'sham.  1  Iv'sham;  2  ev'sham,  n.  A  town  in  west«central 
England ;  scene  of  a  battle  in  which  Prince  Edward  (after- 
ward Edward  I.)  defeated  the  barons,  1265;  pop.  8,300. 

e-vict'd,  1  i-vikt';  2  e-vlet',  vt.  1.  To  dispossess  by  legal 
process;  oust;  expel  forcibly.  2.  To  take  away,  as  prop- 
erty. [  <  L.  evictus,  pp.,  <  e,  out,  -f-  vinco,  conquer.] 
Syn.:  see  banish.    . 

— e-vlc'tion,  n.    The  act  of  evicting;  forcible  ejectment. 

ev'i-dencc,  2  ev'i-dens;  2  Sv'i-d5ne.  I.  vt.  [-denced4; 
-denc-ing.]  To  make  evident;  show  clearly;  prove. 
II.  n.  1.  Anything  that  makes  evident  to  the  mind,  or 
such  things  collectively;  a  fact,  or  body  of  facts,  on 
which  a  proof  or  judgment  is  based.  2.  Law.  That  by 
means  of  which  a  fact  is  established;  testimony.  3f.  A 
person  or  thing  that  bears  testimony.  [  <  L.  evidentia, 
clearness]  Syn.:  see  certainty;  demonstration;  proof; 
testimony. 

ev'i-dent,  1  ev'i-dent;  2  eVi-dent,  a.  Plain  or  manifest, 
as  to  the  mind  or  the  senses;  obvious,     -ly,  adv. 

Syn.:  apparent,  clear,  conspicuous,  discernible,  distinct, 
glaring,  indubitable,  manifest,  obvious,  open,  overt,  palpable, 
patent,  perceptible,  plain,  tangible,  transparent,  unmistak- 
able, visible.  That  is  apparent  which  clearly  appears  to  the 
senses  or  to  the  mind  as  soon  as  the  attention  is  directed 
toward  it;  that  is  evident  of  which  the  mind  is  made  sure  by 
some  inference  that  supplements  the  facts  of  perception;  the 
marks  of  a  struggle  were  apparent  in  broken  shrubbery  and 
trampled  ground,  and  the  finding  of  a  mutilated  body  and  a 
rifled  purse  made  it  evident  that  robbery  and  murder  had 
been  committed.  That  is  manifest  which  we  can  lay  the  hand 
upon;  manifest  is  thus  stronger  than  evident,  as  touch  is  more 
absolute  than  sight.  That  is  obvious  which  is  directly  In  the 
way  so  that  it  can  not  be  missed;  as.  the  application  of  the 
remark  was  obvious.  Visible  applies  to  all  that  can  be  per- 
ceived by  the  sense  of  sight,  whether  the  noonday  sun,  a  ship 
on  the  horizon,  or  a  microscopic  object.  Discernible  applies 
to  that  which  is  dimly  or  faintly  visible,  requiring  strain  and 
effort  In  order  to  be  seen;  as,  the  ship  was  discernible  through 
the  mist.  That  Is  conspicuous  which  stands  out  so  as  neces- 
sarily or  strikingly  to  attract  the  attention.  Palpable  and 
tangible,  express  more  emphatically  the  thought  of  manifest. 
See  apparent;  clear;  manifest;  notorious.  Ant.:  con- 
cealed, covert,  dark,  hidden.  Impalpable,  Impenetrable,  Im- 
perceptible, Invisible,  latent,  obscure,  occult ,  secret,  undis- 
covered, unlmagined,  unknown,  unseen,  untlinught  of. 

— cv"l-den'tial.  a.  Of  the  nature  of  or  furnishing  evi- 
dence.    cv"l-den'tla-ryf. — ev"l-den'tlal-ly,  adv. 

c'vil,  1  I'vlj  2  e'vl.  I.  a.  1.  Morally  bad;  contrary  to 
divine  or  righteous  law;  wrong  or  wicked;  sinful  or  de- 
praved.     2.    Possessing    injurious    nature    or   qualities; 

unwholesome;  noxious.  3.  Characterized  by  calamity, 
trouble,  or  sorrow.    4.  Of  ill  repute.    II.  n,     I.  Wicked 

conduct  or  disposition;  moral  depravity.     2.  Something 

that  harms  or  hurts;  affliction;  calamity,  e'vll-lyt. 
3§.  A  scrofulous  malady.    III.  oo»,    In  an  evil  manner. 

[<  AS.  yfel.\  Svn.:  (adjective)  see  had.  [MUOBAL;  PER- 
NICIOUS; (noun)  see  ABOMINATION;  injury;  sin.  e'vll< 
do"er,  n.  A  wicked  person.  e.=cycd,  a.  Possessing  the 
evil  eye;  malicious. — e.  .minded ,  (/.  Having  an  evil  dis- 
position, s.vn.:  see  malicious,  e. "speaking,  n.  Censori- 
ous or  spiteful  speech;  defamation;  calumny,    e. 'Starred, a. 

Same  as  ill-starrkd.  king's  evil, scrofula:  once  supposed 
to  be  curable  by  B  monaroh'S  tOUOh.  the  evil  eye,  a  power 
of  harming  by  spiteful  looks,  supers!  II  loiisly  attributed  to 
certain  persons,  and  much  dreaded  In  southern  Europe  and 


.  lair 


I  i         ..      ■     go;   nat.ftr;  full,  rQlc;   l.ul,  I.Orn; 

firn;  hit. loo;  !-•;  I  -  e,;  go,  ntit,  Or,  w6n,    290 


ii.  .n-i.ii 

■  i..h.    . 

I  I 


.  -\  in  .  i- 
•  -  -bl) . 

.  ,    1-1  i  Hon   . 

■>    I  Mi   ] 

,  |    ..- 

■ 

I.    1  hi 

rm  or  a 
i  fully 

rudi- 

i 

i  isde- 
6, 

r\  "o-lu  i  inn-. i- r> .  er*o-lu'- 

—  I II  II. .11-1. 1. 

■    INC.] 

3.   1  .  ■  t  brow  out, 
F-roh  .i-lil  e',  a.— e-vol'- 


r-iul    -i     ■ 

n.     A  plucking  out. 

lick.] 

\  -    •    >/  ».] — 

bowed 

ew<     oeel    d 

■Wetl.1  vO'et                  B 

.  hard  Stoddard    1817-1872).  An 

:..  r.il. 

le*mouthed   water* 

'  aqua 

'..any  common  Latin 

;r.r.w»^    t—\»*-^...    tbosi 

used  i:                        i  rommerce. 

:  rlvatlve 

■.fflcc,  It 

Indicate*  one  who  form 

as,  ex» 

tram.] 

■  v..  exd., 

t  i  .   ►  tod.. 

'     It    n.    To  make 

«P»va-                                   l.  ex- 

■  \- .ii  ".  r-li.i'i|i.ii,  n. 

1.                       pel  the 

lorily. 
"  urgent   <1 

.'.   -  ago,  drive.) 

1  tandard;  pre- 

MI.M   IK;   PAB- 

-  Kt'lriK,  pa.    Making 

'•:-'- --  ••  •    •    •■'   taennfidfrat'-  demand*;   taxing:   arduous. 

•  l-ae'lloli,     ■. 
The  art  of  exacting  or 

■  i -.ii  i   l> .  .i-  , 

r.      (-\T*KUd; 
I  I  . 

'•• 

II 

:.-  ir.  r-ai'id-l),  .  \- 

tlon,  •       I 
——to  •'".    hyperl   ile      -yn.:    see  caki- 

-'n  •    ,    a.     -I>-,    ail-      -ni 
ei-a|  .  i-ac'ger-a-to-ry,  a. 

•t-»l<  Lf.    1.  To  raise  or  ele- 

as  iii  position  or  rank.    2.  To  pay  high  honor  to; 


■l.  I  q  . '.  ,t.      4.1  ,  foroe, 

ll.        1 1 •  !■••  duo  •  saltation ; 

...ni.  i  aiftw.hlgh.l  8yn    tee fraiaBTBN; 

i  i  'al-la'tloii,  n        I  h 

<■■  Ini  exalted:  promotion;  elation 
ex-all  ni,        -i> .  -neat,  u 

.  l-  ill    .  r. 

.  \-.ni •  .    1    ■  ;•.•  -aiii'm;  8  8gi-ftm'in,   if      |-i\  i    o*\ 

i  or  scrutinise  with 

'.'.  I     ■     tbj  qui    Hon    or exera 

pupil,    S.  To  question  in 
..r.l.-r  to  elicit  facta,  etc.    4-  I  o  u  ay;  analyse.    [<  F. 
i    txamino,  • .   exact,  a.] 

aslder,  critic:  ■  plore,  Inquire 

Into,  Inspect,  Interrogate,  Investigate,  observe,  overhaul, 
imiiiiIit.  ransack,  scrutinise,  search,  study,  test,  try.  view, 

weigh  i-.iji  no  .    iu.\  nil        ' 

onyms    fur    deliberate,         ex-am  1-na-bl  <■' .  ./     ex- 

a  in  "I- ii  a  Hon.  .:      Tin  act  or  process  of  examining  or  being 

r\ainiiii'.i.    svn.:  see  djquiri      ex-am 'ln-er,  n, 

c\-aiii'|il  ep,  1  egs-am'pl;  2  8gs-am'pl,  a.    1.  A  thing  "r 

m  suitable  to  be  used  as  a  copy,    -.  An  instance  of 

ling  t"  be  avoided.    3.  A  Bam  pie;  specimen.    4. 

An  instance  serving  to  illustrate  a  rule.    5.  A  problem 

to  be  Bolved.    6.  That  with  which  something  may  be 

compared;  precedent;  parallel.    [<  J.."1  . x,  mplu m,  < 

i s,  out,  +  '  mpttu,  pp.  of  i  mo,  buy.] 

Syn.:    archetype,   ensamplc,   exemplar,   exemplification, 
idea!,  model,  pattern,  precedent,  prototype,  sample,  speci- 
men, standard,  type,  warning.    From  its  original  sense  of 
sample  or  sptcimi  n  1 1..  exemption)  exampU  derives  the  seem- 
ingly contradictory  meanings,  on  the  one  hand  ol  a  pattern 
Other  hand  Of  a  uarni no — a  sample  or 
I  n   of  what    Is  to  l>e  followed,  or  of  what   Is  to  be 
shunned.    An  example,  however,  may  be  more  than  a  sam- 
pU  or  specimi  n  of  any  class;  it  may  be  the  very  archeti/pi  or 
prololypt  to  which  the  whole  class  must  conform,  as  when 
3  spoken  of  as  being  an  exampU  or  leaving  an  example 
for  his  dlsclpli  s.     ExampU  comes  nearer  to  the  possible  frei-- 
di.in  i if  lie-  model  i  haii  to  the  necessary  exactness  of  the  pat- 
ttnt;  often  we  can  mr.  In  :i  given  case,  exactly  Imitate  the 

best  exampU  .  bul  only  adapl  Its  teachings  to  altered  circum- 
stances. Ii.  m  to  a  person  or  thing,  tiemplar 
can  scarcely  be  distinguished  from  example;  but  example  is 
most  frequently  used  for  an  act.  or  course  of  action,  for 
which  exemplar  is  not  used:  as,  one  sets  a  good  (or  a  bad) 
example.  An  exemplification  is  an  illustrative  working  out 
In  action  of  a  principle  or  law,  without  any  reference  to  Its 
being  copied  or  repeated:  an  example  guides,  an  exemplifica- 
tion illustrates  or  explains.  Ensample  is  the  same  as  exam- 
pU .  but  is  practically  obsolete  outside  of  Scriptural  or  theo- 
logical language.  Compare  archetype;  model;  prece- 
I)t. N  I  ;  -  wiw.h. 

ex-an'i-inale,  1  egz-an'i-mit;  2  egg-an'l-mat,  a.  1.  Deprived 
of  life;  Inanimate.  2.  Having  no  animation.  [<  L.  exanl- 
malus,  pp.  of  cxanlmo.  kill.] — ex-an"l-ma'tlon,  n.  Mid. 
Heal  or  apparent  death:  swooning. 

ei"aii-the'ma,  1  eks"an-fhi'ma;2  eks'an-the'ma,  n.  [-them'- 
A-TA,  pi.]  An  eruptive  disease;  a  rash.  [I.L.,  <  Or.  ex- 
anthema, <  ex,  out.  +  anthos,  flower.]  ei-an'themj. — 
ex"an-them'a-tous,  a. 

ex'arch,  1  eks'urk;  2  eks'arc,  n.  1.  A  provincial  governor 
under  the  Byzantine  Empire.  2.  Gr.Ch.  A  prelate  of  vary- 
ing rank  at  different  periods,  as  an  archbishop,  a  bishop,  or  a 
legate  Ol  a  patriarch.  [<  Gr.  exarchos,  <  ex,  out,  +  archO, 
nil-.]  — ex'ar-chate.  n. 

ex-SS  'per-ate,  1  ogz-as'par-et;  2  egz-as'per-at,  tt.  [-at*- 
EDd;  -at"in<;.]  1.  To  irritate  exceedingly;  enrage.  2. 
To  make  grievous  or  worse;  aggravate;  intensify;  in- 
flame.    [<  L.  ex,  out,  +  asper,  rough.] 

Syn.:  see  affront;  incknsk. — ex-as"per-a'tlon,  n.  The 
act  of  exasperating,  in  any  sense;  especially,  extreme  anger. 
Syn.:  see  am.i.k. 

t\i  .,  acy.— exe.,  abbr.    Except. 

Kx-eal'l-bur,  1  eks-kal'i-bur;  2  eks-cal'1-bur,  n.  The  legen- 
dary  ..word  of  King  Arthur. 

ex'ea-vate,  1  eks/ka-vet;  2  Sks'ca-vat,  vt.  [-vat"ed''; 
-vat"i.ng.)  To  dig  or  cut  into;  make  by  digging  out; 
remove  or  uncover  by  digging.  [<  L.  ex,  out,  -f-  cavus, 
hollow  | — cx"ca-va'tlon,  n.  A  digging  out:  a  cavity  or 
hollow  so  formed.     Syn_-  see  hole. — ex'ca-va"tor,  n. 

ex-eeed 'd  1 1  ek-sld'; ,2  Sk-cSd',  v.   l.t.  To  go  beyond,  as 

i  \-c  eilc'",  j  in  quantity,  quality,  measure,  or  value;  sur- 
II.  i.  1.  To  go  beyond  bounds  or  too  far.  2.  To 
preponderate.  [<  L.r  excedo,  <  ex,  forth,  ■+•  cedo, 
go.] — ei-eeed'lng,  pa.  Greater  than  usual;  surpassing. — 
<\-<  eed'Ing-ly,  adr.  Extremely;  remarkably,  ex-ceed'- 
Ing  . 

ex-ees',  l  ek-sel':  2  Sk-cSl',  v.  [ex-celled',  ex-celd'8; 
i.x-i  i.l'i.ini;.]  l.t.  To  go  beyond  or  above,  properly  in 
hing  good  or  admirable;  surpass.  II.  i.  To  sur- 
pass another  or  others.  [  <  L.F  excello,  <  ex,  out,  + 
celttu,  raised.]   Synj  see  lead'.— ex'cel-lence,  n.   1.  Po»- 


1:8  =  final;    l  =  hablt^   aisle;    an  =  out;    ©11;    10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    0  =  sino;   fhin,   this.  evince 

291    2:wQlf,  do;   book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,  but,   burn;  511,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this,    excruciate 


session  of  eminently  good  qualities.  2.  A  superior  trait. 
Syn.:  see  virtue. — ex'cel-len-cy,  re.  [-ciksz,  pi.]  1.  An 
honorary  title  of  various  high  officials.  2.  Excellence. — 
es'cel-lent,    a.  Having  good  qualities  in  a  high  degree. 

Syn.:  admirable,  capital,  choice,  fine,  nrst=class,  nrst=rate, 
precious,  prime,  select,  superior,  transcendent,  valuable, 
worthy.  Strictly,  that  which  Is  excellent  excels,  but  an  ob- 
ject that  is  valuable  or  a  man  who  is  worthy  so  far  excels  the 
majority  of  persons  or  things  that  these  absolute  words  have 
become  close  synonyms  for  excellent.  See  choice;  fine; 
good;  moral. — Ant.:  bad,  base,  defective,  deficient,  good' 
for=nothing,  imperfect,  inferior,  mean,  poor,  unworthy,  use- 
less, valueless,  vile,  worthless. — ex'cel-Ient-ly,  adv. 
ex-cel'si-or,  1  ek-sel'si-er;  2  ek-ceTsi-or.  I.  a.  Still 
higher;  ever  upward;  the  motto  of  the  State  of  New 
York.  II.  n.  A  packing=material  composed  of  long, 
fine  wood=shavings.  [L.] 
ex-cen'trlc,  a.   Same  as  eccentric. 

ex-cept 'd,  1  ek-sept';  2  ek-cept',  v.    I.  t.    To  leave  out; 
omit.    II.  i.    To  object;  take  exception:  with  to.    [  <  L. 
ex,  out,  +  capio,  take.) — ex-cep'tiv(es,  a. — ex-cep'tor,  re. 
ex-cept',  prep.    With  the  exception  of. 

Syn.:  see  but. 
ex-cept',  conj.    If  not  that;  unless. 
ex-cept 'ing,  prep.  &  conj.     Except. 
ex-cep'tion,  1  ek-sep'slian;  2  Sk-cSp'shon,  n.     1.  That 
which  is  excluded,  as  from  a  list.    2.  The  act  of  except- 
ing; exclusion.    3.  Law.  A  formal  objection. — to  take 
exception,  to  take  offense;  object. — ex-cep'tlon-a-bl(ep, 
a.     Open  to  exception  or  objection. — ex-cep'tion-a-bly, 
adv.    In  a  manner  open  to  exception. — ex-cep'tion-al,  a. 
Unusual  or  uncommon;  superior.     Syn.:  see  irregular. — 
ex-eep'tion-al-ly,  adv.    In  an  unusual  or  superior  manner. 
ex-cerpt',  1  ek-surpt';  2  6k-cerpt'.    Id.  vt.    To  take  out, 
as  from  a  book;  extract.    II.  n.    An  extract  from  writ- 
ten or  printed  matter.     [  <  L.  ex,  out,  +  carpo,  pluck.] 
Syn.:  see  quote. — ex-cerp'tlon,  n. — ex-cerp'tiv(e»,  a. — 
ex-cerp'tor,  re. 
ex-cess',  1  ek-ses';  2  8k-c§s',  n.    1.  That  which  passes  the 
ordinary,  reasonable,  or  required  limit.     2.  Inordinate 
gratification  of  appetite.    3.  The  amount  by  which  one 
thing  is  greater  than  another;  overplus.     [<   L.F  ex- 
cessus,  <  excedo;  see  exceed.] 

Syn.:  dissipation,  exorbitance,  extravagance,  Intemper- 
ance, lavishness,  overplus,  prodigality,  profusion,  redun- 
dance, redundancy,  superabundance,  superfluity,  surplus, 
waste,  wastefulness.  Excess  is  more  than  enough  of  any- 
thing, and,  since  this  in  very  many  cases  indicates  a  lack 
either  of  judgment  or  of  self-control,  the  word  is  used 
frequently,  tho  not  necessarily,  in  an  unfavorable  sense. 
Careless  expenditure  in  excess  of  income  is  extravagance;  we 
may  have  also  extravagance  of  language,  professions,  etc. 
As  extravagance  is  excess  In  outlay,  exorbitance  is  excess  in 
demands,  and  especially  in  pecuniary  demands  upon  others. 
Overplus  and  superabundance  denote  in  the  main  a  satisfac- 
tory and  superfluity  an  undesirable  excess;  lavishness  and 
profusion,  a  generous,  bountiful,  or  amiable  excess;  as,  a  pro- 
fusion of  fair  hair;  lavishness  of  hospitality.  Surplus  is 
neutral,  having  none  of  the  unfavorable  meaning  that  often 
attaches  to  excess;  a  surplus  is  that  which  remains  over  after 
all  demands  are  met.  Redundance  or  redundancy  refers 
chiefly  to  literary  style,  denoting  an  excess  of  words  or  mat- 
ter. Excess  in  the  moral  sense  is  expressed  by  dissipation, 
prodigality,  intemperance,  etc. — Ant.:  dearth,  defect,  defi- 
ciency, destitution,  economy,  failure,  frugality,  inadequacy, 
insufficiency,  lack,  need,  poverty,  scantiness,  shortcoming, 
want. 

— ex-cess',  a. — ex-ces'slv(e8,  a.    Being  in,  tending  to,  or 
marked  by  excess;  immoderate;  extreme.    Syn.:  see  immod- 
erate; redundant.— ex-ces'siv(e-ly8,  adc— cx-ccs'slv(e- 
ness8,  n. 
Exch.,  abbr.    Exchange,  exchequer. 

ex-change',  1  eks-dhenj';  2  cks-chang',  v.  [ex-changed'; 
ex-chang'ing.]  I.  t.  To  part  with  in  return  for  an 
equivalent;  barter;  interchange.  II.  i.  To  be  given  or 
received  in  exchange;  make  an  exchange.  [<  LL.  ex- 
cambio,  <  ex,  out,  +  camblo,  exchange.)  Syn.:  see  change. 
ex-change',  n.  1.  The  act  of  giving  our  tiling  as  an 
equivalent  for  another;  barter;  as,  an  exchanae  of  pris- 
oners. 2.  Polit.  Econ.  (1)  The  mutual  giving  and  receiv- 
ing of  equivalents  in  money,  goods,  or  labor.  (2)  The 
system  by  which  titles  to  commodities  in  distant  local- 
ities are  transferred,  by  means  of  credits,  drafts,  etc.  3. 
A  transition  from  one  experience  or  condition  to  an- 
other. 4.  That  which  is  given  or  received  by  inter- 
change. 5.  Com.  A  place  where  merchants  effect  ex- 
changes. 6.  A  central  telephone>offlce.  Syn.:  see  inter- 
course.— ex-change"a-bll  'I-  ty,  n.—  ex-cliange'able'', 
a.  1.  That  may  be  exchanged.  2.  Connected  with  ex- 
change.—ex-change'a-bly,  adv. 
ex-cheq'uer,  1  eks-cliek'er;  2  6ks-chck'er,  n.  1.  The 
treasury  of  a  state;  hence,  in  general,  finances;  pecuni- 


ary resources.  2.  [E-]  [Eng.]  A  court  or  department 
treating  matters  connected  with  the  public  revenue. 
[<  OF.  eschequier,  chess=board.) — Court  of  Exchequer 
(Eng.  Hist.),  a  court  originally  dealing  with  the  royal  reve- 
nues, later  having  the  powers  of  a  court  of  equity,  and  even- 
tually merged  in  the  King's  Bench  division  of  the  High 
Court  of  Justice. 

ex-cise'1,  1  ek-saiz';  2  §k-cls/,  vt.  [ex-cised';  ex-cis'- 
ing.]  To  cut  out  or  off.  [ <  L.  ex,  out,  +  cxdo,  cut] 
ex-cide'§. — ex-ci'sion,  n.  The  act  of  excising;  remov- 
al of  a  part;  extirpation.  [Taxable. 

ex-cise'2,  vt.     To  levy  a  tax  upon. — ex-cis'a-bl(ep,  a. 

ex-cise',  n.  A  charge  levied  upon  commodities,  espe- 
cially upon  liquors.  [<  F.  accise,  corr.  of  assis,  taxes.] 
Syn.:  see  tax. — ex-cise 'man,  re.  [-men,  pi.]  A  revenue 
officer. 

ex-cite',  1  ek-sait';  2  Sk-cit',  vt.  [ex-cit'ed*1  ;  ex-cit'ing  ] 
To  produce  agitation  in;  stimulate;  bring  about,  as  by 
stimulating.     [  <  L.F  ex,  out,  +  cieo,  call.] 

Syn.:  see  actuate;  encourage;  influence;  interest; 
promote;  stir. — ex-cit"a-bii'i-ty,  re. — ex-cit'a-bl(ep,  a. 
Easily  excited.  Syn.:  see  ardent;  impetuous. — ex-clt'a- 
bl(e-nessp,  re. — ex-cl'tant.  I.  a.  Adapted  to  excite  or 
stimulate.  ex-ci'ta-tiv(e8t.  II.  re.  That  which  tends  to 
excite  or  stimulate,  ex-ci'ta-to-ryt. — ex-clt'ed-ly,  adv. — 
ex-clte'ment,  re.  1.  The  act  of  exciting,  or  that  which  ex- 
cites. 2.  The  state  of  being  excited.  ex"ci-ta'tion}:.  Syn.: 
see  enthusiasm;  warmth. — ex-cit'er,  re. — ex-cit'ing,  pa. 
Of  a  nature  to  excite;  stirring ;  rousing,  -ly,  adv. — ex-ci'tor, 
re.  Physiol.  An  afferent  nerve  connected  with  the  spinal 
division  of  the  nervous  system. 

excl.,  exclam.,  abbr.    Exclamation,  exclamatory. 

ex-claim',  1  eks-klem';  2  eks-clam',  vt.  &  vi.  To  cry  out 
abruptly  or  with  passion.  [  <  L.  ex,  out,  +  clamo,  cry.] 
Syn.:  call,  cry  out,  ejaculate.  In  exclaiming,  the  utterance 
may  not  be  strikingly,  tho  somewhat,  above  the  ordinary 
tone  and  pitch;  we  may  exclaim  by  mere  interjections,  or 
by  connected  words.  To  ejaculate  is  to  throw  out  brief, 
disconnected,  but  coherent  utterances  of  joy,  regret,  and 
especially  of  appeal,  petition,  prayer;  the  use  of  such  devo- 
tional utterances  has  received  the  special  name  of  "ejacula- 
tory  prayer."  To  cry  out  is  to  give  forth  a  louder  and  more 
excited  utterance  than  in  exclaiming;  one  often  exclaims  with 
sudden  joy  as  well  as  sorrow;  if  he  cries  out,  it  is  oftener  in 
grief  or  agony.     See  call. 

— ex"cla-ma'tion,  re.  1.  Clamorous  or  passionate  out- 
cry. 2.  An  abrupt  or  emphatic  expression;  an  interjection 
3.  An  exclamation=mark  (I). — ex-clam'a-to-ry,  a.  1.  Of 
the  nature  of  exclamation.  2.  Given  to  the  use  of  exclama- 
tion.   ex-clam'a-tiv(esl. 

ex-clude',  1  eks-klud';  2  8ks-clud',  vt.  [ex-cltjd'ed11  ; 
ex-clud'ing.]  To  shut  out  purposely;  debar;  reject; 
eject.  [<  L.  ex,  out,  -f-  claudo,  shut.] — ex-elud'er,  ?i. 
— ex-clu'slon,  re.  The  act  of  excluding,  or  the  state  of  be- 
ing excluded;  that  which  is  excluded. — ex-clu'sion-ist,  re. — 
cx-clu'slv(es,  a.  Of  a  nature  or  tendency  to  exclude,  as 
from  participation  or  from  social  relations,  ex-clu'so-ryl. 
— ex-clu'siv(e-Iys,  adv.— ex-clu'siv(e-nessa,  re. 

ex-cog '1-tate,  1  eks-koj'i-tet;  2  eks-cog'i-tat,  vt.  &  vi.  To 
think  out  carefully;  invent;  devise.  [<  L.  pp.  excogitatus, 
<  ex,  out;  and  see  cogitate.]— ex-cog"i-ta'tion,  re. 

ex"coni-mu'ni-cate,  1  eks"ko-miu'm-ket;  2  eks"co-mu'- 
ni-eat.  I.  vt.  [-catted*1;  -cat"ing.]  1.  To  cut  off  from 
church»membership  and  communion.  2.  To  expel  in 
disgrace.  II.  a.  Excommunicated.  III.  n.  An  ex- 
communicated person.  [  <  L.LL  ex,  out,  +  communico, 
share,  communicate .]— ex"com-mu'nl-ca-bl(c1\  «.— ex"- 
coin-mu"nl-ca'tion,  re.  The  act  of  excommunicating,  or 
the  state  of  having  been  excommunicated.  — ox"eom-iiiu'- 
nl-ca-tor,  re.— cx"coni-mu'nl-ca-to-ry,  a. 

cx-co'ri-ate,  1  eks-k8'rt-St;  2  Pks-co'ri-at,  vt.  [-at"ed'; 
-at"ing.]  To  strip  off  the  skin  or  covering  of;  abrade; 
gall:  often  used  figuratively.  [<  L.LLez,  off,  +  corium, 
skin.]— ex-co"ri-a'tion,  re. 

ex.  cp.,  abbr.    Extra  (l,.,  without)  coupon. 

ex'cre-incnt,  1  eks'kn-ment;  2  fiks'ere-mSnt, n.  Refuse 
matter  discharged  from  an  animal  body;  feces.  [<  L. 
excrcmenlum.  <  ex,  out,  +  ccrno,  separate.]  cx'Vrc-iiicn  '- 
tal,  a.  cx"crc-nicn'ta-ryf ;  ex"cre-nicn-ti'tiall;  ex"- 
crc-men-U'tiousf. 

ex-cres'cence,  1  eks-kres'ens;  2  fks-cres'ene,  n.  1.  An 
unnatural  or  disfiguring  outgrowth.  2§.  A  natural  out- 
growth. [<  L.  excrescentia,  <  ex,  out,  +  cresco,  grow] 
— ex-creS'Cent,  a.  Of  the  nature  of  or  pertaining  to  an 
excrescence;  superfluous, 

ex-crete',  1  eks-krit';  2  eks-eief',  vt.    [ex-cret'ed11;  ex- 
i'iu.'i  'iNii.]    To  throw  oil  m:i  te  matter)  by  normal  di 
charge.    [<  L.  ex,  out,    I  cerno,  separate.]     ex'crete,  n. 
— ex-cre'tlon,  re.   The  act  of  excreting;  matter  excreted. — 
ex-cre'tlv(e>,  a.   ex'crc-to-ryt. 

cx-cru'cl-ate,  1  eks-kru'sTn-5t;  2  Sks-eru'shi-ftt,  vt.  [-at"- 
EDd;  -at"ing.]    To  inflict  extreme  pain  or  agony  upon; 


i         i  toll,  rttle;  bvt,  bftnii 

it,  lco;  I  i  0     0    0  .  won,     292 


Mk    -4t^^M 


,  \-i  ru   - 
.  \    .  ni    ,  I-.!    - 

.  i-c  ill    p  l- 
I 


-I)  . 

! 

. . 

3.  I 
i 

ligation. 

I 

PALLIATl  .  PAH- 

pardon; 

.  \-i  u>  .i-l)l) ,    ndr.— CI- 

l.  \  pl<  :i  in 


RAT*1  I"1: 
:i       [  <   L. 

•  v   ■  -.  r  i-M  .■    ,  (i.      Worthy  of 

i  colloquially.— 
ration.  1. 

accursed  thing. 

.  \   ■  -<  r.i- 

:nt.n.    One  who 
musical  performer. 

- 
■ 
.'■ 

'■- 

1.  I     perform, 
II. 

-:n  or  accon:,'  :.g.    [  <  L.  ex,  out,  + 

.  follow  ] 

.  absolute  and 

i  charity, 
■■r  poten- 
urt  of  |us- 

•1 minister 
e  law  Is  to  put  It 

illy  some 
.Ml  trans- 

Lntellec- 

r  a  duty. 


ra-M) 

1<  .  . 

I 

i  musical  sc 


thm_' admlni 
• 
final  •  n 
tac  a  ' 

•rustce 

apptleaUoo'  - 

i  sKnlflea  al- 
■A  moral  for 


I    OTZ.-.i 

1 


N-tor,  n. 

,  ,.,  ,  'i,-i  i.-r >  . 

ei-ec'u- 

ei-w'u-' ' 

•  Vshon,  n.     1. 

■  -  for  the 

I. 

■">.  ■    of  per- 

• 

ex"e-cu  'tlon-er,  n 

I. 
tive.     II. 

■'.<na\  personage  or  body  charged  with  the  ad- 
numstration  of  a  government. 


I  I    HI         .    I    U 

I*     ;>/  ] 

ii  ,u. .ii  or  int.  rpn  tation,  as  "t  i  ho  Bible     |  ■    ( ii 

.    !■:  kin      ei  'e-gete,  ■•     <  ins  skilled 

station,  as  "f  the  Ulble     ex"e-ge'tlstt,    ex"e- 

jrt'li       I.         Pert  lining  to  i'xpri  ■  icplana- 

,  v  .  -gel  i->  .ii  .    II.        i 

theorj  of  equations     ex"e-gct'l-enl-ly, 

i|  the  Interpretation  of  tin' 

ex-em  'pl&r,  i        etn'p]  ;  lax,  n.    A  model  to 

example;  spccimi  '  mpiar, 

example,  ft.] 

CXAMPL]         0\   em-pla-M  .    .;.        Scrvliic 

model  or  s  warning.    BX'em-pia-rMy,  adv.    ex'em-pls- 
rl-in 
t'i-i-iii  *■>■■  —  ■  > .  1  I   [I  .'in'pli-fiii;  2  cgy.-c  m'pli-fy,  if     [-hid; 
i     I       bow  or  explain  by  example;  illu 
'.'.  ro  prove  by  an  att  stedcopj     S.  To  malce  an  authen- 
ticated transcripl  from,  as  a  public  record.     (<  I..I,L 
example:,   +  fncio.  make.]    ev-cm 'pii-n-ca'- 
iiou.         i.  id  of  exemplifying.    2.  in  example.    3. 

\.  certified  copy,    s.vn.:  see  example;  sample. 
ex-empt',  1  egs-empt'; 2 i  l-         1.  tofreeor 

i  some  burdensome  obligation.    2|.  To  take 
or  put  away;  remove.    II.  a.    1.  Free,  clear,  or  excused, 
m  .-omr  restriction  or  burden.    21.  Remote;  Bep- 
■  1     HI.  n.     A  person  who  is  exempted,  as  iron, 
milii.try  service.    (  <  L.  <j\  out,  +  i  mo,  buy,  take] 

Si'ii.:    \  erb   see  ibboli  i  e)       i  hi  e. 

— ex-empt'l-bl(ep,  a. — ex-emp'tlon,  n     Freedom  or  im- 
munity, as  from  some  liability,  requirement,  or  evil.    Syn.: 

[QHT 

rx"i-(|tia'tur,  1  eks'i-kwe'tnr:  2  8K8*e-kWfl'tUT,  ft.    The  offi- 
cial recognition  given  to  a  consul  or  commercial  agent  by  the 
to  which  he  :-  ee execute.] 

ex'er-clse,    i  1  eks'sr-sois;  2  filer er-clg,  v,   [-cibed;  -cib"- 

ei  Vr-cize'",  )  mo.]     I.  (.     1.  To  employ  actively;  exert; 
train  by  practise.     2.  To  make  anxious  in  mind.     3.  To 
01  practise.     II.  t.    To  use  exartion;  take  exer- 
c\'<t-<  is"a-bl(ep,  a. 

ex'er-clse,  n.  1.  A  putting  into  use,  action,  or  practise. 
2.  Activity  for  health,  development,  or  training.  3.  An 
act  of  speaking,  reading,  etc.,  as  at  a  school  exhibition 
or  religious  meeting:  usually  in  the  plural.  4||.  An  act 
of  worship;  a  religious  service.  [  <  L.  exerceo,  exercise, 
<  ex,  out,  +  arceo,  keep  off.] 

Syn.:  act,  action,  activity,  application,  employment,  exer- 
tion,   occupation,    operation,    performance,    practise,    use. 
the  ordinary  sense,  is  the  easy  natural  action  of 
power;  exertion  Is  the  putting  of  any  power  to  strain  and 
tax.    An  ererclse-drive  for  a  horse  is  so  much  as  will  develop 
strength  and  health  and  not  appreciably  weary.     But  by 
qualifying  adjectives  we  may  bring  exercisi  up  to  the  full 
Of  exertion;  as,  violent  exercise.    See  act;  phactise. — 
Ant.:  idleness,  lnactlon.inactlvity,  relaxation,  rest. 

ex-er"cl-ta'tlon,  1  cgz-Or"si-te'shan;  2  egz-er"ci-ta'shon,  n. 
I.  An  exercise,  as  a  disciplinary'  mental  act.  2.  Exercise  or 
practise. 

ex-ergne',  1  egz-urg';  2  £gz-erg',  n.  The  space  beneath  the 
principal  design  on  the  reverse  of  a  coin  or  medal,  with  date, 
etc.    ]F.] 

e\-c  rl '  ',  1  egz-urt';  2  Sgz-ert',  if.  1.  To  put  forth,  or  put 
in  action,  as  force  or  faculty.  2t-  To  push  or  thrust 
,  emit.  [<  L.  ex,  out,  +  sero,  join.] — ex-er'tion, 
n.  The  act  of  putting  some  power  or  faculty  into  vigorous 
action;  a  strong  effort.  Syn.:  see  act;  endeavor;  exercise; 
industry;  work.— ex-er'tiv(e8,  a. 

Ex'e-ter,  1  eks'l-tar;  2  eks'e-ter,  n.  &  cathedral  city  In  S.  VV. 
England:  pop.  37,000. 

ex'e-unt,  1  ekVl-tmt;  2  6ks'e-0nt.  They  go  oft  or  out:  plural 
of .  lit.  a  stage  direction.  [L.]— ex'e-unt  oni'nes,  all  go  off 
or  out. 

ex-fo'll-ate,  1  eks-fO'li-f-t;  2  eks-fr>'li-at,  vt.  &.  vl.  To  remove 
scales  from;  peel  or  scale  off.  [  <  L.  ex,  out,  +  folium,  leaf.] 
— ex-fo"li-a'tlon,  n.— cx-fo'li-a-tlv(e8,  a. 

ex-hale',  1  eks-hel';  2  8ks-hal',  if.  &  ii.  [ex-haled';  ex- 
hal'ing]  To  breathe  forth;  send  out,  as  a  vapor  or  ]>•  r- 
fume;  emit;  evaporate.  [  <  L.F  ex,  out,  +  halo,  breathe.] 
— ex-hal'a-bl(ep,  a.— ex-halant,  a.  &  n.— ex"ha-la'- 
tlon,  n.  A  breathing  out;  anything  exhaled;  an  emitted 
vapor  or  fume. 

ex-haust'd,  1  egz-ost';  2  egz-ast',  vt.    1.  To  draw  off  en- 
tirely, as  a  liquid.     2.  To  empty,  as  a  receptacle,  by 
draining  off  the  contents.     3.  To  reduce;  weaken;  im- 
rish.    4.  To  examine  or  discuss  with  absolute  com- 
aess.    Syn.:  see  absorb. 
—  ei-haust'er,n.— ex-haust"l-bll'l-ty,n.— ei-haust'- 
l-hl'e'%  a.— ex-haust'lng,  pa.     Producing  or  tending  to 
produce  exhaustion;  weary'lng;  weakening. — ex-baus'tlon, 
n.    The  act  or  process  of  exhausting,  or  the  state  of  being 
exhausted;  deprivation  of  strength  or  energy.— ex-haus'- 


1: a  =  final;    I  =  hablt^    aisle;    all  =  out;    oil;    lu  =  feud;    (fliin;    go;    rj  =  sing;    thin,   this,     exculpate 
293     2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  expect 


tlv(e8,  a.  Having  the  effect  or  tendency  to  exhaust,  as  by 
thorough  and  complete  discussion;  covering  all  points  or 
items,  as  in  an  investigation  or  discussion,  -ly,  adv. 
-ness,  n. — ex-haust'less,  a.    Inexhaustible. 

ex-haust',  n.  1.  That  which  is  exhausted  or  drawn  off; 
specif.,  the  motive  fluid  discharged  or  escaping  from  the 
cylinder  of  any  motive  engine  after  doing  mechanical 
work.  2.  Emission.  [  <  L.  exhaustus,  pp.  of  exhaurio, 
<  ex,  out.  +  haurio,  draw.] 

ei-her'e-date<t,  1  eks-her'i-det;  2  eks-hgr'e-dat,  vt.  To  disin- 
herit.   [<  L.  exlieredatus,  pp..  <  tx,  out,  +  heres,  heir.] 

ex-nib 'it,  1  egz-ib'it;  2  egz-ib'it.  I.  t.  1.  To  set  forth  for 
survey  or  inspection;  present  to  view;  display.  2.  Law. 
To  present  formally  or  officially.  3.  Med.  To  adminis- 
ter, as  a  remedy.  II.  i.  To  produce  or  display  any- 
thing publicly.     Syn.:  see  flaunt. 

ex-hiD'it,  n.  1.  Any  object  or  objects  exhibited.  2.  Law. 
A  document  or  object  marked  for  use  as  evidence.  [  < 
L.  ex,  out,  +  habeo,  have.] — ex"bi-bi'tion,  n.  1.  The  act 
of  exhibiting:  display.  2.  Anything  exhibited;  a  show.  3. 
A  bursary.  Syn.:  see  spectacle. — ex"hi-bi'tlon-er,  n. 
A  student  maintained  in  an  English  university  by  a  donated 
allowance. — ex-hib'l-tlv(cs,  a. — ex-hib'i-tor,  n.  One  who 
exhibits,  ex-hib'It-anti;  ex-hib'it-er:t.  —  cx-hlb'i-to- 
ry,  a. 

ex-hil'a-rate,  1  egz-il's-ret;  2  egz-il'a-rat,  vt.  [-RAT"EDd; 
-rat"ing.]  To  induce  a  lively  or  enlivening  feeling  in; 
enliven;  cheer;  stimulate.  [<  L.  exhilaratus,  pp.  of 
exhilaro,   gladden.]      Syn.:   see   rejoice. — ex-hil'a-rant. 

I.  a.  Causing  exhilaration.  II.  n.  Something  that  exhila- 
rates.— ex-hii"a-ra'tion,  n.  The  act  of  exhilarating,  or  the 
state  of  being  exhilarated;  enlivenment;  stimulation. 

ex-hort'd,  1  egz-ert';  2  Sgz-ort',  v.  I.  t.  To  incite  to 
well=doing  by  earnest  appeal  or  argument;  admonish. 

II.  i.  To  deliver  or  practise  exhortation.  [<  L.F  ex, 
out,  +  honor, urge.] — ex"hor-ta'tion,ra.  Theactof exhort- 
ing; earnest  advice;  admonition.  Syn.:  see  counsel. — ex- 
hort'a-tiv(es,  a.    ex-hort'a-to-ryt.— ex-hort'er,  n. 

ex-hume',  1  eks-hium';  2  6ks-hum',  vt.  [ex-humed'; 
ex-hum'ing]  To  dig  out  of  the  earth  (what  has  been 
buried) ;  disinter.  [  <  L.LL  ex,  from,  -f-  humus,  ground.] 
— ex"hu-ma'tion,  n.  [F.] 

ex"l-Keant',  1  egz"I-3uh';  2  egz"i'-zhah',  a.    Exacting;  urgent. 

ex"l-geante',  1  egz"I-3aht':  2  egz"i-zhaht',  a.    Feminine  form 

Of  EXIGEANT. 

ex'i-gen-cy,  1  eks'i-jen-si;  2  6ks'i-gen-ey,  n.  [-ciesz,  pi.] 
The  state  of  being  urgent  or  exigent;  a  pressing  neces- 
sity. [<  L.F  ex,  out,  +  ago,  drive.]  ex'i-gencej. 
Syn.:  see  necessity. — ex'I-gent.  I.  a.  Demanding  im- 
mediate aid  or  action;  urgent;  exacting.  II.  n.  1.  Old  Eng. 
Law.  A  writ  issued  for  the  appearance  of  a  defendant  in 
certain  cases.    2t.  An  emergency;  exigency.  3t.  End;  finish. 

ex-ig'u-ous,  1  egz-ig'yu-us;  2  egz-ig'yu-us,  a.  Small;  slender; 
diminutive.  [<  L.  exiguus;  see  ex-.ct.] — ex"i-gu'l-ty§,  n. 
ex-Ig'u-ous-nesst. 

ex'ile,  1  eks'oil;  2  6ks'il.  I.  vt.  [ex'iled;  ex'il-ing.]  To 
expel  from  and  forbid  to  return  to  one's  native  land  or 
home.  II.  n.  1.  Banishment  from  one's  home  or  native 
land;  expatriation.  2.  One  driven  or  wandering  away 
from  country  or  home.  [  <  L.  ex,  from,  +  solum,  soil.] 
Syn.:  see  banlsh. 

ex-ist'd,  1  egz-ist';  2  Cgz-Ist',  vi.  To  be,  or  continue  to  be; 
live.  [  <  L.  ex,  out,  +  sisto,  set,  <  sto,  stand.]  Syn.:  see 
live. — cx-ls'tcnce,  n.  1.  Actual  possession  or  continuance 
of  being;  life.  2.  Anything  that  exists;  an  entity. — ex-is'- 
tent.  I.  a.  Having  being  or  existence.  II.  n.  That  which 
exists.    Syn.:  see  alive. 

ex 'it,  1  eks'it;  2  eks'it,  n.  A  way  or  passage  out;  egress; 
departure.    [  <  L.  ex,  out,  -f-  eo,  go.] 

ex'lt.    He  goes  out:  a  stage  direction.    [L.] 

ex  ll'brls,  1  eks  loi'bris;  2  eks  li'bris.  A  hook-plate:  so  called 
from  the  custom  of  printing  upon  it  the  Lathi  words  ex  librls 
(from  the  books  [of|),  followed  by  the  owner's  name. 

Ex'moutli,  1  eks'math;  2  eks'muth,  n.  1.  Viscount  (1767- 
1833),  Edward  I'ellew,  an  I ■.ngli.sh.  admiral.  2.  An  ancient 
seaport  town  in  S.  W.  England;  pop.  12,000. 

ex'o-,  1  eks'o-;  2  Bks'o-.  Froni  Greek  exd,  without,  out- 
side (<  ex,  out):  a  combining  form. — ex'o-carp,  n. 
Hot.  The  outer  wall  of  a  pericarp,  when  It  Is  possible  to  dis- 
tinguish more  than  one.  Compare  BNDOCABP.  |  I  <;r. 
tarpos,  fruit]  [DERM. 

ex'o-derm,  1  eks'o-durm;  2  eks'o-dcrm,  n.     Same  as  ECTO- 

ex-od'ic,  1  eks-ed'ik;  2  Bks-Sd'ie,  a.  1.  Of  or  pertaining 
to  an  exodus.    2.  Physiol.   Efferent. 

ex'o-dus,  1  eks'o-dus;  2  Sks'o-dus,  n.  I.  A  going  forth,  or 
departure,  as  of  a  multitude,  from  a  place  or  country. 
2.  [K-]  The  second  book  of  the  Old  Testament.  [< 
Gr.^L  ex,  out,  +  hodos,  way] 

ex  of-fi'cl-o,  1  eks  o-flsh'i-o;  2  eks  o-flsh'l-o.  By  virtue  of  or 
because  of  Office  or  position.    [L.]— ex"«of-fl'rlal5,  a. 

ti-og'a-my,  l  eks-eg'e-mi;  2  eks-dg'a-my,  n.  The  custom  of 
certain  peoples  forbidding  any  roan  to  marry  within  his  own 


tribe  or  clan.    [<  exo-  +  Gr.  ga?nos,  marriage.] — ex-og'a- 

mous,  a.    Pertaining  to  exogamy. 
ex'o-geu,  1  eks'o-jen;  2  5ks'o-gen,  n.   Bot.  A  plant  which 

increases  in  size  by  successive  concentric  additions  or 

rings   beneath   the  bark  t>  c  t 

and  outside  the  previous  | 

growth:    opposed  to   e/i- 

dogen.     [  <  Gr.  exo,  with- 
out, +  -geneo,  <  gignomat,\ 

be   born.] — ex-og'e-nous, 

a.    1.  Pertaining  to  or  like  I 

an  exogen.    2.  Originating  | 

or  growing  from  without. 
ex-on'er-ate,  1  egz-en'ar- 

et;     2    egz-on'er-at,    vt. 

[-AT"ED<i;-AT"iNG.]  1.  To2  ^^       Exogen. 

vindicate      from      aCCUSa-      1-    Vertical  section  of  an  exogenous  stem. 

tion  or  blame.   2.  To  free  -■  Cr°sB.8ection.    (letters  npiytoboUi  fig- 

*  .,...,  ureB. )  71,  lutti:  m.  i[n,ii;llarv  sheath;  h.  heart- 

lrom  a  responsibility  Or  woud  or  duramen,  representing  the  rings  of 
the  like.  [  <  L.  ex.  from,  erowth  of  three  successive  years  (1,  2,  3);  «, 
+    OnUS    (Oner-),   burden.]       sapwooc:  or  alburnum;  c,  cambium  layer;  o, 

Syn.:   see  absolve;  bari' 
justify. — ex-on"er-a'tlon,  n. — ex-on'cr-a-tiv(c8,  a. 

ex'o-ra-bl(ep,  1  eks'o-re-bl;  2eks'o-ra-bl,  a.  Capable  of  being 
persuaded  or  moved  by  entreaty;  capable  of  relenting.  [< 
L    exorabilis,  <  ex,  out,  +  oro,  pray,  <  os,  mouth.] 

ex-or'bi-tance,  1  egz-or'bi-tans;  2  egz-or'bi-tanc,  n.  Ex- 
cessiveness  in  degree  or  amount;  extravagance.  [<  L. 
ex,  out,  +  orbita,  track.]  —  ex-or'bl-tan-cyt.  Syn.:  see 
excess. — ex-or'bl-taut,  a.  Going  beyond  usual  and  proper 
limits,  as  in  price  or  demand;  excessive;  extravagant.  Syn.: 
see  immoderate. — ex-or'bl-tant-ly,  adv. 

ex'or-cise,    )  1  eks'er-saiz;  2  6ks'or-ci§,  v.    [-cised; -cis"- 

ex'or-cizep,  J  inc.]  I.  t.  To  cast  out  (an  evil  spirit).  II. 
i.  To  use  or  practise  exorcisms.  [  <  Gr.  ex,  out,  + 
horkiso,  administer  an  oath] — cx'or-cls"cr,  n. — ex'or- 
clsm,  n.  1.  The  act  of  exorcising  evil  spirits.  2||.Theact 
or  formula  of  calling  or  conjuring  up  the  devil  or  a  spirit. — 
ex"or-cis'mal,  a. — ex'or-cist,  n. 

ex-or'di-um,  1  egz-er'di-um;  2  egz-6r'di-um,  n.  [-umsz 
or  -a,  pi.]  The  introductory  part,  as  of  a  discourse;  a 
prelude.  [L.,  <  ex,  out,  +  ordior,  begin.] — ex-or'- 
dl-al,  a. 

cx"o-rhl'za,  1  eks'o-ral'za;  2  fks'o-ri'za,  n.  Bot.  An  exogen 
or  dicotyledon.  [<  exo-  +  Gr.  rhiza,  root.] — ex"o-rhl'zal, 
a.— ex"o-rhl'zous,  a. 

ex'os-mose,  1  eks'os-mos;  2eks'6s-mos,  n.  I.  Osmose  in  that 
direction  in  which  the  fluid  crosses  the  septum  most  slowly. 
2.  Osmose  from  an  inner  to  an  outer  vessel.  [  <  Gr.  ex,  out, 
+  osmos,  thrusting,  <  otheo,  push.]— ex"os-niot'ic,  a.  Of 
or  pertaining  to  exosmose. 

ex"o-ter'ic,  1  eks"o-ter'ik;  2  8ks"o-t8r'ic,  a.  Belonging  to 
the  outside  world  or  to  the  uninitiated:  opposed  to  eso- 
teric. [  <  Gr.  exoterikos,  <  exo,  without,  outside.]  cx"- 
o-ter'1-calj.— ex"o-tcr'i-cal-ly,a&?».— ex"o-tcr'i-clsm,  n. 

ex-ot'ic,  1  eks-et'ik;  2  Sks-ot'ic.  I.  a.  Belonging,  as  a 
flower,  to  another  part  of  the  world;  foreign.  II.  n. 
Something  not  native,  as  a  plant.  [<  Gr.L  exdtikos, 
<  exB,  without,  outside.]— ex-ot'I-clsm,  n.  1.  Exotic 
state.    2.  An  exotic. 

exp.,  abbr.    Export,  exportation,  exported,  express. 

ex-pand'd,  1  eks-pand';  2  Cks-pand',  vt.  &  vi.  To  increase 
in  bulk,  but  not  in  mass;  enlarge;  swell;  spread  out. 
[<  L.  expando,  <  ex,  out,  +  pando,  spread.]  Syn.:  see  am- 
plify; spread. 

— ex-panse',  a.  That  which  lies  spread  out;  a  vast  con- 
tinuous area  or  stretch. — cx-pan"sl-bH'l-ty,  n.  cx-pan'- 
si-bl(e-ncssP}.-  ex-pau'sl-bl(ei',  o. — cx-pau'sl-bly,  adv. 
— ex-pan 'sll(crt,  a.— ex-pan 'slon,  n.  The  act  Of  expand- 
ing; increase;  enlargement.  —  ex-pan 'slon-lst,  n.  [Recent.] 
a  believer  in  territorial  expansion.  -ex-pan'slv(es,  a.  Ca- 
pable of  enlarging  or  being  expanded;  causing  or  charac- 
terized by  expansion;  broad,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  ». 

ex  par'te,  1  eks  pflr'ti;  S  eks  par'te,  Law.  Emanating  from  or 
relating  to  one  side  only;  as,  ej'partc  testimony;  applied  to 
any  act  of  one  party  In  the  absence  of  the  Other.    [L.j 

ex-pa'tl-ate,  1  eks-pS'shi-St;  2  Sks-p&'shi-ftt,  vi.    |-at"- 

BDdj  -A'i'"lN(i.]  To  enlarge  in  Statement;  discuss  fully  or 
prolixly.  [  <  L,  ex,  out,  +  epatior,  walk,  <  spatium, 
space  |  s.vn.:  see  amplify.  ex-pa"tl-a'tlon,  «.— ox-pa'- 
(l-a"(or,  n.  cx-pa'tl-a-to-ry,  a. 
ex-pa'trl-ate,  1  eks-pS'tn-St;  2  Sks-pa'tri-at,  vt.  [-at"- 
bd"1;  -a'[-"ini;,|  To  drive  from  one's  own  country;  exile; 
banish.    |<  L.**  ex,  from.    I-  putrm,  fatherland.] 

Syn.:   see  BANISH,      c\-|>a"lrl-a'(l«»n,  /(.  |(  nic  exiled. 

ex-pa'trl-ate.     I.  a.  [Poet,  or   Rare  I   Expatriated.     II.  «. 
cx-pcct'd,  1  eks-pekt';  2  eks-pfict',  u.     I.  /.     I.  To  look 

forward  to  as  probable:  antieipate;  look  for.  2.  To 
count  upon  as  right  ami  due,  rely  upon  ;  require,  8||.  To 
wait  for.  II||.  i.  To  wait.  |  <  L.  is,  out,  +  specto,  freq. 
of  specto,  ace.]    Syn.:  see  auide;  anticipaik. 


f\t»,.  I  I  n    •■  .  ^.V   t.ot.ftr;   tu^rfil,  ;   b»t.b(W 

i  I  ,".  inn,  01,  won.    '>94 


I 


. 

,  »-|i. .    lu-rant. 
1 1  •■  t.i  pm- 

[,.-r.i-ll\    .  i 

II. 

the  eir- 

II. 

1   ,  <  L. 

fcH.t     | 

'  . .  untitle,  i»:»  \  - 

Worth  While 

>  ii  ;   1  1 11.11 1 
red     Illxk-vlsed,    Ill- 
ible,  un»  lac 

I  iMllll-Mt. 

tercet, 
4'.  expe- 

ex-pe'dln  i 
Ii-iii  'tiki,  a.     Of  or 

.    V-|i.      1 1  j - .    Ill-I 

—  lit.  r f .     (-IiIT*EDd; -DIT*- 

.  ticken;  dispatch 
[-)*.  foot.) 
.  i '  p<  -ill  iiuii-a-r),  'i     Ofthenai 

i\"pe- 

i  ins:  also,  the 

'  penoaa  )oi.-  lallty  of  being  expe- 

■    l"[IC-<|l'- 

nd  dispatch;  quick; 
.  i"pe-dl'tlou!>-ly,  adv.— ex"- 

1-|"  I    ■  -J'KLD'8; 

•r  authority.     [< 

•  a-i"  l'la-bl(e»,  a. 
■  I  'I'i.i  pay  i 'Ut; 

;  -ex-pen 'dl- 

;se;  price. 
I  :ig  out 

.'•  expended;  out- 

I  u  pouring. 

.  he  cost  of  a  thing 

r  it.  Intentionally  or 

;  expense  Is  what  is 

"he  won  his 

;t    to  my  cost;"  we 

■  •■  at  another'*  ezp'  er*8  cost  would 

*kb*  '  •  is  a  tendency 

tpottt  of  what 
.-    .         '  I  Of  | 

drain 
Ant.:  sain,  It 
pt,  receipts,  return, 


I      •     ,  .    '  .       |.| ,    of  «     pel  i"' ;  MM 


•  »-|. 
-i>. 

■  ;-|»    r  - 


bag  or  Involving  much  expense; 


-<'nc.     I.   vt. 

..iy ;  fed.    II. 

■■  D  action,  prac- 

rimental 

■',. 

l'n.:    (verbj    see 

I'tlal, 

empirical. -ei-i.."rl-.  n  M.il-Ij . 

; 
'  ■ 
II 

turn,  <  <  spi  n- 
■mi  n  't.il,  .       p«  rtalnlng  to 

'  l-per"l-nien'- 
-    . - r < j •  ii    i.il-l 

i  as  the  result 
•:rous;   marked   by  skill;  proceeding 


from  mi  ez| 
i  xi-i  'ui  N 

\  pert  of  i  •  \-i><Tt  'neea,  pi 

r\  'ptrt .  n.    <  toe  who  bai 

•  knowledge;  n  specialist 
ex  pl-ate,  1  ek    pi-Ct;  2  eks'pi-at,  «t    [-a^«d*;    i 

:  \  suffering  nr  restitution      I  •     1     I    , 

ppea         i  \  pi-.i-iii  i   .        i  \  "pi-a'tiiin.  pi, 

■  or  means  of  expiating;  atonement     Syn..  sit  pbopi- 

n*TI  i  \   pl-.i"ti>r.    .        n'|>l-a-ll-t  ;.      i  \   pl-a-(n-r>  , 

ii  ivlng  the  character  of  or  offered  In  expiation, 
c\'pi-i:  tpaed;  expired;  finished. 

>  (•plrc'i  1  ■  ks  i ■■  1 1 r ' .  l'  Blts-plr',  i.    |i  vi'iui  d/j  i  \-i  iu'- 
in,.]    i./     To  breathe  out;  emit  from  the  lungi     II. 
i         breathe  out  the  breath  or  the  life;  die;  perish     '!. 
•  rminate.     |<    L.*  ex,  out,    +  ipiro,   breathe.] 

ex-plr'a-to-rr,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  expiration  ol 
breath,  ex"pl-ra'ti<»n.  n.  I.  The  natural  termination  ol 
anything,  as  ol  a  lease  nr  a  period  ol  time,  cx'pi-ryj.  2.  A 
breathing  out:  death,  8.  Thai  which  Is  expired,  nr  tin  •  si  mini 
made  In  respiration.    Syri.:  see  bnd. 

ex«plain',  1  eks-plen':  2  Sks-plan',  pf,  &  1 1.  To  make  plain 
or  clear;  interpret;  elucidate.  [<  I..'"',  i,  out,  -J- planus, 
Oat.]  Syn.  Bee  imkhi'KKT .—  ex-plalii'a-bl(eI>,  a.  cx"- 
pi  i-na '( Inn,  n.  l.  Tbe  act  or  means  of  explaining;  eluci- 
dation, 'i.  Meaning;  significance;  sense,  Sni.:  see  Dxnm- 
Tins.  cx-plan'a-to-r>,  a.  Serving  nr  tending  to  explain. 
—  ex-plan 'a-lo-rl-ly,  adv. 

ei'plc-tlvie",  1  eks'ph-tiv;  2  Pks'ple-tlv.  I.  a.  1.  Added 
fur  emphasis;  redundant.  II.  n.  1.  An  interjection, 
often  profane.  "J.  A  word  or  syllable  employed  l"r 
rhetorical  nr  rhythmical  effect.  3.  Something  serving  to 
fill  out.    [  <  L.£l  ex,  out,  +  pleo,  fill.]    ex'ple-to-ryj. 

ex'pll-cate,  1  eks'ph-ket;  2  eks'pll-eat,  rf.  &  ti.    To  clear  from 
obscurity;  unfold;  explain.     [<    L.  pp.  explicatus; 
PLIcrr.l     Syn.:  see  interpret. — ex'pll-ea-bl(ep,  a. — ex'- 
pll-cate,  a.     Unfolded;  explained.  — ex"pll-ca'tlon,  n. — 
ex'pll-ra-tlv(es,  a.    ex'pll-ca-to-ryj.  — ex'pll-ca"tor,  n. 

ex-pllc'it,  1  eks-plis'it;  2  £ks-pllc'it,  a.  Plainly  expressed, 
or  that  plainly  expresses.  [  <  L.  ex,  out,  +  plico,  fold  ] 
Syn.:  express.  Both  explicit  and  express  are  opposed  to 
what  Is  merely  Implicit  or  Implied.  See  IMPLICIT.  That 
u  Men  Is  tipliclt  Is  unfolded,  so  that  it  may  not  be  obscure, 
doubtful,  or  ambiguous:  that  which  is  express  Is  uttered  or 
stated  so  decidedly  that  it  may  not  be  forgotten  nor  over- 
looked. An  explicit  statement  Is  too  clear  to  be  misunder- 
stood: an  express  command  Is  too  emphatic  to  be  disre- 
garded. Compare  clear:  plain;  precise. — Ant.:  ambigu- 
ous, doubtful,  implicit,  implied.  Indefinite,  indeterminate, 
uncertain,  vague.— ex-pllc'lt-ly,  adv. — ex-pllc'lt-ness,  n. 

ci-plode',  1  eks-plod';  2  6ks-plod',  tt.  &  rt.  [Ex-PLOD'EDd; 
kx-plod'ino]  1.  To  burst  by  force  from  within;  drive 
out  violently;  flash  up  noisily,  as  gunpowder.  2.  To 
disprove  utterly,  as  a  theory.  3.  Physiol.  To  break  out 
suddenly,  as  inflammation.  [  <  L.  explodo,  drive  off  by 
clapping.) — ex-plod  'er,  n. 

ex-plolt',  1  eks-ploit';  2  £ks-ploit'.  Id.  vt.  1.  To  put  to 
use;  utilize  selfishly,  as  property,  labor,  or  resources. 
2.  To  recount  at  length.  II.  n.  A  deed  or  act,  espe- 
cially one  marked  by  heroism,  daring,  skill,  or  brilliancy. 
[F.)    Syn.:  see  act. 

—  ex"p!ol-t a'tion,  n.    1.  The  act  of  exploiting.    2.  Self- 
ish employment  for  one's  own  use  or  advantage. 

ex-plore',  1  eks-plor';  2  fiks-plor7,  vt.  &  vi.  [ex-plored'; 
ex-I'I.oh'ing.]  1.  To  search  through  or  travel  in  or  over, 
as  new  lands;  scrutinize;  make  explorations.  2  .  To 
seek  after;  pursue  with  search,  as  a  road  or  path.  [  <  L. 
ex.  out,  +  ploro,  cry  out.)  Syn.:  see  examine. — ei"plc- 
ra'tlon,  n.  The  act  of  exploring. — ex-plor'a-tlv(eB,  a. — 
ex-plor'a-to-ry,  a.  Of  or  relating  to  exploration.— ex- 
plor'er.  n.  1.  One  who  explores;  especially,  one  who  trav- 
els, as  In  a  new  or  strange  region  '£.  Any  device  with  which 
to  explore,  as  a  dental  Instrument  for  searching  a  tooth* 
cavity.     ex'plo-ra"torJ. 

ex-plo'sion,  1  eks-plo'38n;  2  £ks-plo'zhon,  n.    The  act  of 
exploding;  a  sudden  and  violent  outbreak  as  of  physical 
or    of    human    emotion. — ex-pIo'siv(e8.      I.    a. 
Pertaining  to  explosion;  liable  to  explode.    II.  n.    An  explo- 
sive substance.    -Iy,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

ex-po'nent,  1  eks-po'nent;  2  6ks-po'nSnt,  n.    1.  One  who 
or  that  which  explains  or  expounds.     2.  Alg.  A  sym- 
bol, as   a   superior  figure   or  letter  (2,  3,  ",  etc.),  indi- 
-'   a  power.      [  <    L.    expono,   indicate.]  —  ex"po- 
nen'tlal,  a. 

ex-port'1,  1  eks-port';  2  8ks-p6rt',  vt.  To  cany  or  send 
out  or  away  as  from  one  country  to  another.  [  <  L.  ex, 
out,  +  porta,  carry.]— ex-port"a-bll'l-ty,  n.— ex-port '- 
a-bUC,  a.  — ex"por-ta'tlon,  n.  1.  The  act  or  practise  of 
exporting.    2.  An  export  commodity. — et-port'er,  n. 

ex  'pur  t,  1  eka'port ;  2  eks'port,  n.   The  act  of  exporting,  or 


1:3  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    <5hin;    go;    rj  =  sires;    thin,    this,  expectorate 
295    2: wolf,  do;  book,  boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  exterior 


that  which  is  exported;  merchandise  sent  from  one 
country  to  another:  also  used  adjectivally. 

ex-pose',  1  eks-poz';  2  8ks-po§',  vt.  [ex-posed';  ex-pos'- 
ing.]  1.  To  lay  open  to  any  influence  or  action;  display 
openly  r-diselose  the  real  character  or  meaning  of;  reveal. 
2.  To  place  in  a  perilous  situation;  abandon  to  prob- 
able destruction.  [  <  OF.  exposer;  in  sense  <  L.  ex, 
forth,  4-  pono.  place.]  Syn.:  see  discover.— ex-po'sal,  re. 
— ex-posed',  pa. 

ex"po-se',  1  eks"po-ze':  2  eks'po-se',  re.  An  undesirable  or 
embarrassing  disclosure  or  exposure.     [F.] 

ex"po-si'tion,  1  eks"po-zisTi'an;  2  eks"po-s!sh'on,  n.  1.  A 
public  exhibition,  as  of  arts,  manufactures,  etc.  2.  An 
explanation;  commentary.  3.  Rhetorical  analysis.  4. 
The  denouement  of  a  play.  5§.  Exposure,  as  to  peril  or 
to  the  elements.    [F.]    Syn.:  see  definition. 

— ex-pos'i-tor,  re.  One  who  expounds. — ex-pos'I-to-ry, 
a.    ex-pos'i-tiv(e8t. 

ex  post  fac'to,  1  eks  post  fak'to:  2  eks  post  fac'to.  Arising  or 
enacted  after  the  fact;  retroactive;  as,  ex=post'facto  laws.  [L.] 

ex-pos'tu-late,  1  eks-pos'cbu-[or  -tiu-]let;  2  eks-pos'chu- 
[or  -tu-]lat,  M.[-LAT"EDd;  -lat"ing.]  To  reason  earnestly 
with  a  person,  against  some  action:  usually  followed  hv 
with.  [  <  L.  ex,  from,  +  poslulo,  demand.] — ex-pos"tu-la'- 
tion,  re.  —  ex-pos'tu-Ia-tlv(e8,  a.  -ly,  adv.  —  ex-pos'tu- 
la"tor,  re.— ex-pos'tu-!a-to-ry,  a. 

ex-po'sure,  1  eks-po'jur;  2  £ks-po'zhur,  n.  1.  The  act  of 
exposing;  an  exposed  state  or  situation.  2.  Outlook  or 
aspect. 

ex-pound 'd,  1  eks- pound';  2  Sks-pound',  vt.  To  explain 
the  points,  principles,  or  meaning  of;  interpret.  [  <  L.OF 
expono;  see  exponent.]  Syn.:  see  interpret.  —  ex- 
pound 'er,  n. 

ex-press',  1  eks-pres';  2  6ks-prSs'.  I1,  vt.  1.  To  set  forth 
to  the  observation  or  understanding;  manifest;  declare. 

2.  To  press  out.  3.  To  send  by  express.  II.  a.  1.  Set 
forth  distinctly;  explicit;  plain;  direct.  2.  Done  or  car- 
ried by  express;  hence,  with  speed  or  in  haste.  3.  Ex- 
actly resembling.  III.  re.  1.  A  system  of  transporta- 
tion by  rapid  conveyance,  generally  managed  by  organ- 
ized corporations.    2.  Any  means  of  rapid  transmission. 

3.  A  message;  dispatch;  special  communication  sent 
with  speed;  also,  a  messenger  bearing  dispatches;  a 
courier.  [  <  L.  expressus,  pp.  of  exprimo,  <  ex,  out,  + 
premo,  press.]  Syn.:  (verb)  see  speak;  (adjective)  see 
explicit. — ex-press'age,  re.  1.  Amount  charged  for  carry- 
ing by  express.  2.  Things  carried  by  express. — ex-press 'i- 
bl(ep,  a. — ex-press 'i-bly,  adv. — ex-press'ly,  adv. — ex- 
press'man,  re.  [-men,  pi.]  An  employee  of  an  express  com- 
pany; express  agent. — ex-press'strain",  re.  A  train  operated 
at  high  speed  and  with  few  stops. 

ex-pres'sion,  1  eks-presVen;  2  6ks-prSsh'on,  n.  1.  The 
act  or  mode  of  uttering  or  representing,  as  by  language 
or  gesture.  2.  That  which  is  uttered.  3.  Outward  as- 
pect; especially,  the  ensemble  of  the  face  as  indicating 
the  feelings,  etc.;  look;  looks.  4.  The  quality  of  having 
proper  expressive  methods.  5.  The  development  or 
revelation  of  character  and  sentiment  in  art,  music,  etc. 
6.  A  pressing  out. 

Syn.:  see  air;  diction;  language;  term. — ex-prcs'- 
sion-al,  a. — ex-pres'siv(e8,  a.  Conveying  expression;  full 
of  meaning.  Syn.:  see  mobile.— ex-pres'slv(e-ly8,  adv. — 
ex-pres'slvte-ness8,  re. 

ex-pro 'pri-ate,  1  eks-pro'pn-et;  2  eks-pro'prl-at,  vt.  [-AT"EDd; 
-at"ing.]  1.  To  put  out  of  one's  own  possession.  2.  To  de- 
prive of  rights  or  property.  [<  EX — 1-  L.  proprius,  one's 
own.]— ex-pro"prl-a'tion,  re. 

ex-puKn'||,  1  eks-piun';  2  eks-pun',  vt.  To  take  by  assault; 
storm.  [<  L.  expugno,  <  ex,  out,  +  pugnn,  fight.] — ex- 
|iug'n:i-l>l  i •'  ,  a.— ex"pug-na'tion,  re.— cx-pufen'er,  re. 

ex-pul'sion,  1  eks-pui'sben;  2  eks-pul'shon,  n.  The  act 
of  expelling,  or  the  state  of  being  expelled;  forcible  ejec- 
tion. [<  L.  expulsio(n-),  <  expello;  see  expel.] — ex- 
pul'slv(c3,  a.    Tending  to  expel. 

ex-punge',  1  cks-punj';  2  eks-piing',  vt.  [ex-punged'; 
ex-pung'ing.]  To  blot  out;  obliterate;  efface;  destroy. 
[<  L.  ex,  out,  +  pungo,  prick.]    Syn.:  see  cancel. 

— cx-punc'tion,  n.  The  act  of  expunging,  or  the  state 
of  being  expunged. 

ex'pur-gatc,  1  eks'pUT-gSt  or  eks-pOr'get;  2  fks'pur-giit  or 
eks-pur'gat,  vt.  |-oat"kd<1;  -gat"in<;.]  To  clear,  as  a 
book,  of  whatever  is  objectionable.  [<  L.  ex,  out,  + 
purtio;  see  pur«e.]— ex"pur-Ka'llon,  re.  1.  The  act  of  ex- 
purgating. 2.  The  emergence  of  the  sun  or  moon  from  an 
eclipse.— ex 'pur-j{a"tor,  n.— ex-pur'fja-to-ry,  «.  Serving 
to  expurgate. 

ex'qul-sltfe8,  1  eks'kwi-zit,;  2  8ks'kwi-«ft.  I.  a.  1.  Fin.' 
and  delicate;  dainty;  refined;  delicately  beautiful.  2. 
IMieat.i .|v  KOaitive;  fastidious.     3.  Intense  or  poignant, 


II.  7i.    A  person  very  dainty  in  dress  or  manners;  a  fop; 
dandy;  dude.     [<  L.  ex,  out,  +  qusero,  seek.] 
Syn.:  see  beautiful;  choice;  delicious;  elegant;  fine. 
— ex'qui-sit(e-ly8,  adv. — ex'qul-sit(e-ness8,  re. 

ex-san'guine,  1  ek-san'gwin;  2  ek-san'gwin,  a.  Having  no 
blood. 

ex-sclnd  '<>,  1  ek-sind';  2  ek-sind',  vt.  To  cut  off;  sever  from  (a 
body  or  organization) .  [<  L.  exscindo.  <  ex,  out,  +  scindo, 
cut.] 

ex-sect '«,  1  ek-sekt';  2  ek-sect',  vt.  To  cut  out.  [<  L.  exsec- 
tus,  pp.  of  exseco,  <  ex,  out,  +  seco,  cut.] — ex-sec'tion,  re. 
Surg.  The  act  of  cutting  out  or  away,  as  a  short  length  of 
bone. 

ex-sert'ed,  1  ek-surt'ed;  2  ek-sert'ed,  a.  Protruding  from  sur- 
rounding parts,  as  stamens.  [<  L.  exserlus,  pp.  of  exsero, 
thrust  out,  <  ex,  out,  +  sero,  join.] 

ex'slc-cate,  1  ek'si-ket  or  ek-slk'et;  2  ek'si-cat  or  ek-sio'st,  vt. 
[-CAT"EDd;  -cat"ing.]  To  dry  up  or  out;  remove  moisture 
from.  [<  L.  exsiccatvs,  pp.,  <  ex,  out,  +  siccus,  dry.]  — 
ex-sie'eant,  a.  &  re.— ex"sic-ca'tion,  re.— ex-sie'ca-tiv(e8. 
I.  a.    Tending  to  make  dry.     II.  re.    A  drying  application. 

ex-stip'u-late,  1  ek-stip'yu-let;2  ek-stip'yu-lat,  a.  Bot.  Des- 
titute of  stipules. 

ex-suf'fli-catet,  a.    Inflated;  empty;  frivolous. 

ext.,  abbr.     External,  extra,  extract. 

ex'tant,  1  eks'tant  or  eks-tant';  2  Sks'tant  or  Sks-tSnt',  a. 

1.  Still  existing  and  known;  living.  2||.  Standing  out; 
manifest;  conspicuous.     [<  L.  ex,  out,  +  sto,  stand] 

ex-tem"po-ra'ne-ous,  1  eks-tem"po-re'ni-us;  2  eks-tem"po- 
ra'ne-us,  a.  1.  Done  or  made  with  little  or  no  preparation; 
offhand.    2.  Given  to  speaking  without  notes. 

Syn.:  extemporary,  extempore,  impromptu,  improvised, 
offhand,  unpremeditated.  Extemporaneous,  originally  signi- 
fying of  or  from  the  time  or  occasion,  has  come  to  mean  done  or 
made  with  but  little  (if  any)  preparation,  and  is  now  chiefly 
applied  to  addresses  of  which  the  thought  has  been  prepared, 
and  only  the  language  and  incidental  treatment  left  to  the 
suggestion  of  the  moment,  so  that  an  extemporaneous  speech 
is  understood  to  be  any  one  that  is  not  read  or  recited;  im- 
promptu keeps  its  original  sense,  denoting  something  that 
springs  from  the  instant;  the  impromptu  utterance  is  gener- 
ally brief,  direct,  and  vigorous;  the  extemporaneous  speech 
may  chance  to  be  prosy.  Offhand  is  still  more  emphatic  as 
to  the  readiness  and  freedom  of  the  utterance.  Unpremed- 
itated is  graver  and  more  formal,  denoting  absolute  want  of 
preparation,  but  is  rather  too  heavy  a  word  to  be  applied  to 
such  apt,  ready  utterance  as  is  generally  designated  by 
impromptu. — Ant.:  elaborated,  premeditated,  prepared, 
read,  recited,  studied,  written. 

— ex-tem"po-ra'ne-ous-ly,  adv. — ex-tem"po-ra'ne- 
ous-ness,  re. — ex-tem'po-ra-ry,  a.     1.  Extemporaneous. 

2.  Made  for  the  occasion. — cx-tem'po-ra-ri-ly,  adv. — ex- 
tern 'po-rize,  vt.  &  vi.  [-rized;  -biz'ino.]  To  make  or  com- 
pose without  preparation,  ex-tem'po-risej.— ex-tcm"po- 
ri-za'tlon,  -sa'tion,  re. — ex-tem'po-rlz"er,  -ris"er,  re. 

ex-tem 'po-re,  1  eks-tem'po-n ;  ■  2  6ks-tem'po-rc.  I.  a. 
Done  on  the  spur  of  the  moment;  extemporaneous;  un- 
studied; offhand.  II.  adv.  Without  special  prepara- 
tion. [<  L.  ex,  from;  tempore,  abl.  s.  of  lempus  (tem- 
por-),  time.]    Syn.:  see  extemporaneous. 

ex-tend 'd,  1  eks-tend';  2  eks-tend',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  make 
larger;  lengthen;  widen;  enlarge;  prolong.  2.  To  tench 
or  stretch  out;  hold  out  for  acceptance.  II.  i.  To  reach 
in  dimensions,  time,  etc.;  stretch.  [<  L.  ex,  out,  + 
tendo,  stretch.]  Syn.:  see  add;  amplify;  increase;  pro- 
tract; spread. 

— cx-ten"sl-bil'l-ty,  re. — ex-ten 'sl-bUe1',  a.  That  may 
be  extended,  ex-ten 's!l(esl;  ex-tend'l-bl(epl.— ex-ten '- 
sion,  re.  1.  The  act  or  process  of  extending;  extent.  2.  An 
annex;  addition.  3.  That  property  of  matter  by  virtue  of 
which  It  occupies  space  or  has  one  or  more  of  the  three  di- 
mensions, length,  breadth,  and  thickness.  Syn.:  sec  acces- 
sion ;  appendage;  increase. — ex-ten'slv(es,  u.  extended 
widely  In  space,  time,  or  scope.  Syn.:  see  large. — ex-tcn'- 
siv(c-ly8,  adv. — ex-ten'slv(e-noss%  n. 

ex-ten 'sor,  1  eks-ten'sar  or  -sor;  2  cks-ten'sor,  re.  Anal.  A 
muscle  that  causes  extension.    [LL.] 

ex-tent',  1  eks-tent';  2  eks-tCnt',  re.  1.  Amount  or  di  gree 
of  extension;  size;  compass;  reach.  2.  Law.  A  writ,  as 
against  the  person,  lands,  or  goods  of  certain  d<  btors; 

figuratively,  any  attack.     3  I .  An  extending;  met  iug  out  ; 

distribution,    ei-ten'duret.    Syn.:  see  i   id;  magnitudi 

CX-teil'U-ate,  1  eks-ten'yu-et;  2  eks-ten'yu-at,  rt.     |-at"- 

i.n'1;  -at"ing.]  1.  To  minimize  the  gravity  of  (a  fault, 
etc.);  mitigate;  palliate.  2.  To  make  thin  <>r  thinner. 
[<  !..  ex,  out,  -I-  tenuis,  thin.]  cx-lcii"ll-a'<lon,  n.  Pal 
llatlon.— ex-tcn'u-a-tlvU'*,  u.  &  n.  e\-ten'ii-a"tor,  n.— 
ex-len'u-a-to-ry,  a.  I>ulli:i i  i\  •• 
ex-te'ri-or,  1  eks-tl'n-er; 2 8ks-tS'ri-or.  La.  1. External; 
outlying.  2.  Manifest  to  the  senses.  3.  Acting  from 
without.      II.    n.      That,  which    IS  outside;    the  external 

features  or  qualities.    [<  L.  <  xU  rior,  com  par,  of  extety&. 

I  n,r.  outside. I — ex-te'fl-or-ly.  '/'/' 


r  i  ( r  r  n  1 1  n .» 1 1 


on;  extirpation 

i..r.     .        .  l-tl  r   - 


ri-lln. 

.  \- 1 In. 

'  •- 

.  i-lln  suMi  . 


1.        I.  Situated 
iper6cial 

•  I  tin-  thing  consid- 

II 
■ 

iV  (iT-ll;il'l-t>  , 
I 
f \-Iit  n.il-l-r:. 

i  iii.n.        ex-ter 'nal-lj . 

IR1AI  . 

i .     •    ■  gtnahed; 
'.'.  I  \t.  r- 

Minal    nr 

■  title.     (  <  L. 
Ii  structlon;  an- 


I 
.  tench.     2.  To  ob- 
uench.] 
i  i-tln 'Riilsh-a-bl  e*,a. — ex- 
i  v - 1  lit  v ii uii-iii.ii t ,  n. 
out. 

ks'tlr-pftt,  rt.     [-pat'Th'1; 
•  radicate.     [  <  I.   .  x,  OUt, 

ex-tlr'pa-bl 

«•»"!  ir- 1.  <  M..n.  ting;  total  removal  of 

•  >  'iir-|i  ..-ib  ■    .  ding  or  serving  to  ex- 

i  i  lr-pa  'tor,         ci-tlr'pa-to-ry,  </. 

.  i  \ -told'8; 
agnify. 

■    viniiiu.; 

rami--      .  i-i-.i  i.  r.  .      .i-i.  .1  'men! 

I.  r    To  obtain  by 

rioJ-  i  also,  bi 

II  ctortion.    |  <  Li,  ex, 

ex-tor'tlon,  n.   l. 

'.'.    I  bat  which  h 

.  i-i..r   i  |..ii-.i-r>  .  e\-tor  'lion-ate,  a   <   h.ir- 

ex-toi  ii. .ii-. in -lj , 

.  i-l. .r    II. .ii-.  -.         .v-l.n      r  .  \-tur 'I  ion- 

l.  i  above 

II.        -      el  hint.'  beyond 

eitrahazard- 

•  i  tramural,  dtuatcd 

ovMde  the  wait*  ,  without,  prop.  abl.  fem   ..f 

■    '    •  1.  To  draw  or 

2. 
iho.  dr.  .  [-tract  'a- 

-l-l.l    .     .  ■  \-tr.i.     HOD,  I. 

ei-trac'- 

.• 
I  '  being  ex- 

>-,r  ><    '"'  or  that  which  extracts; 

i.  ■  bing  ex- 

.'. 

'/on,   n. 

- 

I  i   iri-ilM.  .  Irrer   up.   as   to 

•  i "ir  i-.ii'i.i-tii  e»,a,    Liable  to 

■       ■■--    :.'   -  .•  ■     Ti'll'lon 


1       1 

' 

Insoluble—  «-t 

a 

a 

f  rv  I. 

<v 

I  i         .•  ,  <V   not,  or;   full,  rOle;  I. ill.  l'Orn; 

i     i       i     o;  I-  e;  go,  a6t,  Or,  u<>     886 

ii..  i-\i,  i  lor 
ii  i.  i 
.  »   ir.i-iu-iii 'rial,  1  .  i  ■■  ira  lu  dl  |u  dl  ih'al,  a 

nut  ..f  oourl  or  oul  "f  the  propel  coui  i     -I) . 

.  \   ii  ii i  in.',  l  .  K-.'ii..  hum:  .i  tnun'dan,  ". 

Idc  "i  "i  beyond  the  limit-.  ..i  either  the  world 
we  live  in  or  I'm-  material  u  ■  >  *  i  u  \  . 

world,  ■    mundui,  olean  I 

r\-tr.i  'ne-otlB)  l  .  i.    i us;  2  oks-tra'm  us,  a      No! 

i  ial .  foreign,    |  •    1.  i  xtram     .  fori  ign  I 
-ii  .  -ii. 

«-\-lr:ii»r'ill-iia-r>.  leka  ln.i'.li  n.    n  ; :_' .  I.  .1  n.r.li 

I.  I  vond  or  oul  ol  the  oomn rdor;  re- 

markablo;   special       II.   n.     [-ribs',   pi  |     Something 
ordinary.    |<  L.  extraordxnariiu,  <  extra,  without, 
-  der.] 
s.vii :  amaitng,  egregious,  marvelous,  monstrous,  peculiar, 
preposterous,    prodigious,    remarkable,    signal,    singular, 
strange,  striking,  uncommon,  unprecedented,  unusual,  un- 
wonted, wonderful,    Bee  odd;  raw      Ant.:  common,  com- 
monplace, frequent,  natural,  ordinary,  unimportant,  u  ual 
ex-traor'dt-na-rl-ly,  ado. 
,  Vi  r.i-tii  "rl-toTI-al.  1  ,  1..-- 1  r..- 1  cr'i-tr.'n-..] :  2  iks'tra-tfT*!- 
;.  a.    l.  Exempt  from  territorial  Jurisdiction;  di 
|ecl  in  the  laws  of  one's  abode;  as,  the  i  xtratt rritorial  ri^his 
of  an  ambassador.    2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  things  beyond  the 
national  territory.   -l.v,  adv. 
ex-tranghl '».    I.  Extracted.   St. Distraught, 
ei-trai  'a-gant,  1  eks-trav'e^gent;  2  eka-traVv'a-gant,  a, 

I.  Exceeding  ordinary  limits;  immoderate:  fantastic; 
unrestrained.  2.  Needlessly  free  or  lavish  in  expend] 
turr.  .1$.  Straying  ln-yoml  IhhhkIs;  wandering  abroad 
[!•'..  <  I..  Htm.  without,  randerlng.]  Syn.:  see 
doioderatb;  roiiantic.  -ly,  <t<i<.  -ness,  n.  ex-trav'a- 
ganre/n.  1.  An  extravagant  act;  •  peclally,  undue  expen- 
diture of  money;  lavlshness;  prodigality,  2.  Irregularity; 
wlldness.  35.  A  wandering  outside  of  proper  or  usual 
bounds;  vagary,  cx-trav'a-gaii-oy;.  Syn.:  see  bnthtjbi- 
abm;  excess.-  -ex-trav"a-gan'/.a,  it.  1.  An  extravagant  or 
fantastic  composition,  especially  In  literature  or  the  drama. 
'i.  Any  extravagant  demonstration.    Syn.:  see  cahic  i 

ex-trav'a-Kate§,  rl.    To  roam  at  will  or  beyond  proper  bounds. 

— ex-tra\"a-ga'tion,  n. 
ex-trav'a-sate,  1   eks-trav's-sSt;  \i  eks-trav'a-sat,  rt.  &  rt. 

[-SAT*K.i>'t;  -sat"in<;.|    Pathol.    To  escape,  or  suffer  to  escape 

from  the  proper  vessel,  as  blood.    [<  II..  extravasatvs,  <  L. 

iiirn  (see  K.xTKA-)  +  ras,  vessel] — ei-trav"a-sa'tlon,  n. 
ex-treme',  1  eks-trlm';  2  Sks-tt6m'.    I.  a.    1.  Being  of 

the  highest  degree,  as  best,   worst,  greatest,  etc.     2. 

Farthest;  outermost;  final.     3.   Very  strict  or  severe; 

exacting.    Syn.:  see  radical. 

II.  n.  1.  The  highest  or  utmost  degree  of  anything. 
',;.  The  utmost  or  farthest  point  or  limit;  extremity  8, 
Math.  The  first  or  last  term  of  a  proportion  or  series. 
[<  L.  extremus,  farthest,  extreme]  ex-tremely,  </./> 
ex-tremlsm,  n.  A  tendency  to  extremes. — ex-trem '1st, 
n.— ci-treni'l-ty,  n.  [-tik.sz.  pi.)  1.  The  utmost  or  fart  lust 
point;  termination,  end.  or  edge.  2.  The  greatest  degree. 
3.  Extreme  distress  or  need.  4.  pi.  Extreme  measures.  5. 
a  hand,  foot,  etc.    Syn.:  see  end;  mm  kssity. 

ex'trl-cate,  1  eks'tn-ket;  2  Sks'tri-eat,  vt.  [-cAT"EPd; 
-.  ai"ini;.]  To  liberate  from  entangli  unlit.  [<  L.  ex, 
out,  +  tries',  hindrances.]  Syn.:  Bee  release,  ex'tarl-ca- 
bl(ep,  a     ex'trf-ca-bly,  adv. — ex"trI-ca'tton,  n. 

ex-triii 'sic,  1  .  ks-trin'sik;  2  Sks-trln'sie,  a.  Being  outside 
of  the  nature  of  an  object  or  ease;  foreign.  I  <  I.  exU  r, 
outside,  +  secus,  beside]  ex-trin'sl-calt.— ex-trln'sl- 
ral-ly,  ailr.— ex-trin  Sl-eal-ness,  n. 

e\-trorse',  1  eks-trors';  2  {'ks-trors'.  rt.  1.  Hot.  Turned  out- 
ward. BS  an  anl her  from  the  axis  of  a  Mower.  'I.  Zool. 
Turned  away  from  I  he  body.  [F.,  <  L.  CXtTOTSUS,  in  an  out- 
ward direction.]    ex-tror'saJt. 

ei-trude',  1  eks-trQd';  2  eks-trud  .  «■  [-tkud'ed;  -tiui/im.  ] 
To  tone,  thrust,  or  push  out.  ]<  L.  cz.out,  +  trudo,  thrust.] 
— cx-tru'slon,  n. 

ex-u'ber-ant,  1  eks-yfi'bsr-snt;  2  Cks-yii'lier-ant,  a. 
Marked  by  plentifulness;  producing  copiously.  (  <  L. 
ex,  out,  t  tibero,  bear  fruit.]  Syn.:  Bee  fertile;  redun- 
dant; waste. — ei-u'ber-anee,  n.  Abounding  variety  or 
copiousness,      ex-u'ber-an-cyj.  —  cx-u'ber-ant-ly,   adv 

ex-ude',  1  eks-yucT;  2  6ks-yuii',  vt.  &  t>i.  [ex-ud'ed1*;  ex- 
Dd'imo.1  To  discharge;  ooze  or  trickle  forth,  as  through 
pores    |  <L.  ex,  out,  -f  sudo,  sweat.) — ex"u-da'tion,  a, 

t'X-ult'1,  1  egz-ult';  2  6gz-ult',  vi.  To  rejoice  in  or  as  in 
ph;  take  a  lively  delight.  [<  L.  exulto,  leap  for 
Joy.]— ex-ul'tance,  n.  Kxultation.  cx-ul'tan-cyt.— ex- 
ul'tant,  a.  1.  Rejoicing  triumphantly.  2.  Denoting  great 
Joy.  -ly,  adv.— ex"ul-ta'tlon,  n.  The  act  or  state  of  exult- 
ing; triumphant  Joy.     Syn.:  see  rapture.—  ex-ult'lng-ly, 

ei-u'vl-a;,  1  eks-yfl'vi-l;  2  eks-yu'vl-e",  n.  pi.  1.  Parts  cast  off 
or  shed  by  animals    %,  Fi  [It*  < 


i:»=  final;    i  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    «fhin;    go;    rj  =  elng;    Chin,   this,  exterminate 
297  2:  wolf,  dft;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   bum;  511,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  facial 


exuo,  strip  oH,  <  ex,  off,  +  -uo  (In  induo.  Indue,  <  in,  in).] — 
ex-u'vi-al,  a. 

ex-u'vl-ate,  1  eks-[or  egz-]yu'vi-gt:  2  cks-[or  eg§-]yu'vi-at,  vt. 
&  vi.  [-at'ed'I;  -at'ing.]  To  cast  oft  or  shed  some  part; 
slough;  molt.— ex-u"vi-a'tion,  n. 

ey'as,  1  ai'as;2  y'as,  re.  A  young  hawk;  nestling.  [<  nias,  by 
reading  a  nias  as  an  eyas;  nias,  <  F.  niais  (<  L.  nidus), 
nest.]— ey'as5inus"kett,  n.  A  young  sparrow-hawk:  also 
used  as  a  child's  pet  name. 

Eyck,  1  aik;  2  yk,  n.  Either  of  two  brothers,  Flemish  painters: 
(It  Hubert  van  (1366-1426);  (2)  Jan  van  (13857-1440). 

ey'dert.a.    Either. 

eye1, )  1  ai;  2  y.    I.vt.    [eyed;  ey'ing  or  eye'ing.]     1.  To 

eyp,  J  look  at  fixedly;  scrutinize.  2.  To  make  a  hole  in, 
like  the  eye  of  a  needle.  II.  n.  1.  The  organ  of  vision. 
2.  The  socket  in  which 
that  organ  rests,  or  the 
iris  or  the  pupil.  3.  Oc- 
ular perception;  sight. 
4.  Capacity  for  seeing 
or  discerning.  5.  Atten- 
tive observation.  6.  A 
particular  look  or  ex- 
pression; mien.  7.  Men-, 
tal  or  moral  vision ;  esti-* 
mation;  also,  regard;  de- 
sire. 8.  Anything  that 
resembles  the  human 
organ  of  sight,  or  its 
socket,  in  shape,  place, 
or  office;  as,  the  eye  of  a  ^"^.' 
needle.      [  <    AS.     edge,  rotic  'coat;  «,  inner  c 

pi.   eagan.] — eye'ball",    n.    the  lacrimal  caruncle. 

The  globe  or  ball  of  the  eye. 

—eye 'bright",  n.  A  low  annual  herb  of  the  flgwort  family. 
— eye'brow",  re.  The  arch  over  the  eye;  also,  its  covering, 
especially  the  hairs.— eyeglass,  n.    1.  pi.    A  pair  of  lenses 


Human  Eye. 

semilunar  fold;  b,  irie;  c,  pupil;  d,  eye- 
eyelid;/,  cornea,  co\Tering  iria  and 
I,  outer  corner  or  canthus;  k,  eclo- 
it;  i,  inner  corner  or  canthus  with 


resembling  spectacles  without  bows.  2.  Any  lens  used  to 
assist  vision;  the  glass  nearest  the  eye  in  a  telescope  or 
microscope. — eye'hole",  n.  t.  A  round  opening  through 
which  to  pass  a  pin,  hook,  rope,  or  the  like.  2.  A  hole  or 
crevice  through  which  one  may  look;  peep=hole. — eye'- 
lash".  n.  One  of  the  stiff  curved  hairs  growing  from  the 
edge  of  the  eyelids. — eye'less,  a.  Lacking  eyes;  deprived  of 
sight. — eye'let,  n.  A  small  hole  or  opening;  a  metal  ring  for 
protecting  a  hole  in  canvas,  paper,  leather,  etc. — eye 'lid", 
n.  One  of  the  curtains  of  loose  integument  that  cover  the 
eyeballs  in  front. — eye 'piece",  n.  The  lens  or  combination 
of  lenses  nearest  the  eye  in  a  telescope  or  microscope;  eye- 
glass. — eye=servant,  n.  One  who  does  his  duty  only  when 
watched. — eye=servlce,  n. — eye'shot",  n.  Reach  of  the 
eye;  view;  sight. — eye'slght",  n.  1.  The  power  or  sense  of 
sight.  2.  Extent  of  vision;  view.— eye'sore",  n.  1.  A  dis- 
eased place  on  or  near  the  eye.  2.  Anything  that  oft  ends  the 
eye,  as  from  lack  of  beauty  or  of  fitness. — eye'stone",  n.  A 
small  smooth  object  used  sometimes  to  remove  foreign  sub- 
stances from  the  eye.— eyesstring,  n.  A  muscle  or  tendon 
that  holds  or  moves  the  eye. — eye=tooth,  n.  One  of  the 
upper  canine  teeth. — eye=wash,  n.  A  medicinal  wash  for 
the  eye. — eye=water,  n.  1.  An  eye-wash.  2.  A  humor  of 
the  eye.— eye=wlnk,  re.  A  wink.— eye=wltness,  n.  One 
who  sees  a  thing  with  his  own  eyes  or  attests  what  he  has 
seen. 

eye2,  n.  A  brood,  as  of  pheasants.  [<  nye,  by  reading  a  nyc 
as  an  eye;  nye,  <  OF.  ni,  <  L.  nidus,  nest.] 

ey'ent,re.  pi.    Eyes,   ey'ghent;  eynet. 

eyre||,  1  ar;  2  er,  re.  1.  A  circuit  or  journey.  2.  A  court  of  cir- 
cuit judges.    [<  OF.  erre,  <  L.  iter,  journey.] 

ey  'ry,  re.    Same  as  aerie,    ey  'rlel . 

Ez.,  Ezr.,  abbr.    Esra.— Ezek.,  abbr.    Ezekiel. 

E-ze'ki-el,  1  l-zl'ki-el;  2  e-z6'ki-el,  re.  One  of  the  four  greater 
Hebrew  prophets  (590  B.C.). 

Ez'ra,  1  ez'ra;  2  ez'ra,  n.  Bib.  1.  A  Jewish  high  priest  and 
statesman  of  the  5th  century  B.  C;  led  returning  captives  to 
Jerusalem.    2.  A  historical  book  ascribed  to  Ezra. 


Y  f   Roman. 


Jff 


Black 
Letter. 


&/ 


Script. 


F,  f,  1  ef;  2  6f,  n.  [efs,  F's,  or  Fs,  1  efs;  2  efs,  pZ.]  A 
letter;  the  sixth  in  the  English  alphabet. 

F.,  abbr.  Fabius,  Felix,  fellow,  Fortuna,  France,  French, 
Friday.— F.,  Fah.,  I'alir.,  abbr.  Fahrenheit.— f.,  abbr. 
Farthing,  fathom,  feminine,  florin,  folio,  foot,  forte,  franc. 

fa,  1  fa;  2  fa,  n.  Mus.  The  fourth  tone  (1)  of  any  key;  (2) 
of  the  so-called  natural  key.     [It] 

fa',lfe;2fa.  v.  [Scot.]  \.t.  1.  To  have  a  share  of;  get.  2.  To 
lay  claim  to;  pretend  to.    II.  i.    To  fall.    [=  fall.] 

fa',  n.  [Scot.]  1.  Lot;  luck.    2.  Share.    3.  Fall. 

f.  a.  a.,  abbr.     Free  of  all  average. 

fa-ba'ceous,  1  fa-be'slius;  2  fa-ba'shus,  a.  Bot.  Belonging  to 
the  bean  family.     [<  L.  fabaceus.  <  faba,  bean.] 

Fa'bl-us,  1  fe'bi-us;  2  fa'bi-us,  Quintus  F.  Maxlmus  Ver- 
rucosus (  -203  B.  C).  A  Roman  general  and  statesman; 
overcame  Hannibal  by  avoiding  direct  engagements  and  us- 
ing dilatory  tactics.— Fa 'bl-an,  a.  Of  or  like  the  policy  of 
Fabius;  shrewdly  dilatory. 

fa'ble,  1  fe'bl;  2  fa'bl.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [fa'bled;  failing.] 
To  narrate  fictitiously  or  falsely;  compose  or  tell  fables 
or  myths;  fabricate;  lie.  II.  n.  1.  A  brief  story  or  tale 
embodying  a  moral  and  introducing  persona,  animals, 
fir  inanimate  things  as  speakers  and  actors.  2.  A 
legend  or  myth.  3.  A  foolish  or  improbable  story; 
fabrication.  4.  The  imaginary  plot  of  an  epic  or  dramat- 
ic poem.  5.  Common  talk.  [F.,  <  L.  Tabula,  <  for, 
speak.]     Syn.:  see  allegory;  fiction.  — fa'bler,  re. 

fab"ll-au',  1  fab"li-o';  2  fab"ll-o',  n.  [-aux',  1  -6z';  2  -0z',  pi.] 
A  talc  In  eight-syllabled  verse:  a  form  of  composition  popu- 
lar In  France  In  the  12th  and  13th  centuries.  [F.,  ult.  <  L. 
fabula,  FAnLE.] 

fab'rlc,  1  fab'rik;  2  fab'ric,  n.  1.  A  woven,  felted,  or 
knitted  material,  as  cloth,  felt,  etc.  2.  A  system  or 
structure;  also,  workmanship;  texture.  [<  L.*  fabri- 
ca,  <  faber,  workman]  Syn.:  see  frame,  fab'rl-cant,  n. 
A  maker;  manufacturer.  — fab'rl-cate,  rt.  [-cat*ed<i;  -cat"- 
incj.]  To  form,  make,  or  manufacture;  build;  concoct;  forge. 
Syn.:  see  construct;  make.  —  fab"rl-ca'tlon,  re.  The 
art  of  fabricating,  or  that  which  Is  fabricated;  (1)  a  struc- 
ture; fabric;  (2)  an  invention;  a  falsehood.  Syn.:  see  vk- 
ception;  fiction;  lie.  —  fab'rl-ca"tor,  re. 
fah'il-lous,  1  fab'yu-los;  2  fab'yu-lfis,  a.  Belonging  to 
fable;  fictitious;  mythical;  incredible;  false,  -ly,  adv. 
•ness,  re  —  fab'u-llst,  n.    A  composer  of  fables;  one  who 


falsifies  or  fabricates.— fab'u-llze,  vi.  [-lized:  -liz'ing.] 
To  compose  or  relate  fables  or  stories.  [  <  L.  fabula;  see 
fable,  re.]    fab'u-llset. 

fa"cade',  1  fa"sod';  2  fa" cad',  n.  The  front  or  chief  face 
of  a  building.    [F.,  <  L.  facies,  face.] 

face,  1  fes;  2  fac,  v.  [faced1;  fac'ing.J  I.  t.  1.  To  turn 
or  have  the  face  toward;  confront;  oppose.  2.  To  place 
so  that  the  face  or  front  is  turned  in  a  given  direction. 
3.  To  cover  with  a  layer,  plate,  or  the  like  of  some  differ- 
ent material.  4.  To  dress  the  surface  of  so  as  to  make 
smooth.  II.  i.  To  turn  the  face;  stand  or  be  placed 
with  the  face  set  in  any  given  direction.    Syn.:  see  oppose. 

face,  n.  1.  The  anterior  portion  of  the  head;  the  visage; 
countenance.  2.  The  surface  of  anything;  front.  3. 
The  aspect  or  appearance;  look;  show.  4.  Personal 
presence;  immediate  cognizance;  sight.  6.  Effrontery; 
assurance.  6.  A  grotesque  expression  of  countenance. 
7.  That  which  is  directly  stated  in  a  document,  [f.,  < 
L.  fades,  face.]  — face'=card",  n.  \V.  ,-!.]  A  playing-card 
bearing  the  picture  of  a  king,  queen,  or  knave.-  fac'liuc,  n. 
1.  A  covering  in  front,  the  act  of  making  it.  or  the  materials 

of  which  it  is  made.  2.  pi.  The  different-colored  collars  and 
cuffs  on  a  military  uniform.         [hence,  any  stunning  check. 

fae'er,  1  fas'er;  2  fae'er,  re.    A  blow  in  the  face,  as  in  boxing; 

fae'et,  1  fas'et;  2  fae'et.  I.  vt.  [FAC'ET-ED"  or  FAC'ET  TED*; 
fac'et-ing  or  fac'kt-ting.]  To  cut  or  work  a  facet  or 
facets  upon.  II.  re.  I.  A  small  face;  one  of  the  small  trian- 
gular surfaces  cut  upon  a  diamond  or  other  gem.  2.  Arch. 
A  flat  projecting  fillet  between 
the  flutes  of  a  column.  8.  /»"/. 
A  unit  of  a  compound  eye;  also, 
the  surface  or  cornea  of  such  an 
eye,  as  In  insects.  [<  F.facclte. 
dim.  of  face,  face.] 

fa-cc'tl-a;,  1  fe-sl'shi-I;   2  fa-re'-  Faoetsol  an  Insect's  Eye. 

shl-C,   re.   pi.      I.    Facetious   say-     l.  Compound  or  faoatad  «j (• 

ings    collectively.       2.    Blblioii.  ''■■'  ■■" 

Coarsely  witty  books.  [L.] 
fa-cc'tious,  1   fii-si'sluis;  2  fa- 

pe'shuS,  a.     Indulging  in  or  marked  by  wit,  or  hum  or; 

jocular;    jocose;    witty;    funny;     humorous.        [  <    L. 

facctla.  humor.]     Syn.:  see  HUMOROUS;  JOCOSE;  merry.— 

fa-ce'tious-ly,  adn.     fa-ce'tious-iiess.re. 
fa'cial,  1  fe'shel;  2  fa'shal,  a.    Of,  Dear,  or  affecting  the 

face.     [<  ],.'-'- ficirx,  face. |     facial  angle  (Craniom.), 

the  angle  which  a  line  drawn  from  the  cciiler  of  the  upper 

Incisors  or  their  point  of  Insertion  to  the  most  prominent 


1 


I  i         0  "     not,  fir;  full,  rOle;  but,  burn: 

.1  .        1  i     i     :   I  -  f>;  I  -  6;  gO,  n6t,  Or,  won. 


29H 


■ 
-|i  .  -ii. 

pi]     I. 

4.   \:.\  :ii.l  or  eon- 
■  \.  n  i  | 


Ia.  I. 


1 1  .  ii  i-i  ■  1 1. .ii. 

I  ii     l-ni    rl-ni|st. 

\n  exncl 
mething 

■■ 
it  i»  ii.. in-  «>r  happens, 

|  <    1.    factum,    < 
rANCE;    i  \i  si. 

1.   \  party  within  :i 

■  iibnl.    2. 

rnmrnt;   turbulence; 

IBAL. 

I  ii     lloii-M.   ••       fac'tlini-a-r)  ♦  . 

Given  to,  character- 
on.    Syn.: 

i  u    I  in--:  ■  f.n  'Minis-ill  --. 

■>-.  a.     Artificial; 

FACT.] 

ifactured,  pretended,  sham, 
ip.  unnatural.     .-Vi i t . :  actual, 
truthful,  unafli 
-ii  1 1 .  ■  1 1  -  - 1  > .  rac-tl'tlons-ness,  n 

1.  A  c<  immission  mer- 

.' .  ■  ■  ■   ■     •  ■   quantities  that, 

i  roduce  a  given   quantity. 

r  causes  that  produce  :i  re- 

:•  or  steward.    [L.,  <  facio, 

.mission.    2.  Tin- coii- 

fac-to'rl-al.    I.  a.    Pertaining 

■r«rjii  ii.  I  continued  product 

'•f  quantities  so 

f  ii  "  t  -  •  i- —  It  1 1 • .  I  Luslness  of  a  factor  or 

-ry,  n.     [-ries*.  pi]    1.  A 

-linn  nt  in  charge  of 
.'it  ry. 
m,  turn,  n.    A  man  of  all 

all.] 

--tQr. n.  []■'.)  1{.  The 
.'. 
n.   [-UK.  1  -II:  2  -1C.  pi.]  [L.) 
•  ■  sun  brighter  than  the  rest  of  the  photo- 


.i-ta-tlv.  o.    Granting 

I  <   L.  faeulta'l-)s.  faculty.) 

"'-'>•  -  n.     [-ties1,  pi  \    1.  Any 

peraally  of  the 

r  of   the   riiiiui   by 

■   '  li  facility  in  some  specific 

'•■  of  the  learned  pro- 

-      '        !    ' 

'  icational  institution 

.ii«  body  com- 

•">.  [Local, 

specially  in  do- 

<  jncul,  toTfacilis; 

fa. IM  I- (.  n. 

■  fashion;  hobby.— 
1. 1.    To  dandle;  cud- 
II  lie. 

Wi'lM;  ]      'I 

s.vn.:  see  die. 

!•-•>*,  i.     Unfading.     Synj  see  eternal.—  fade'- 

f»d«e  .  ;  •      2  ''i<!it.  <i     To  ot;  suit:  agree;  also,  to  succeed. 

fad  inz  ■  . 
fa/1  '..Hi 


t.i'er-le.  I    !.     II         •  f  i  ,  r  ,  .  fi     |  \rclwilc  |    tally     fa'cr-)!. 

I.    '  .v  1 1     |i  m.i.i  I.,  i  ion*;  i  mi'i.im.  | 

1.  I '.•  work  bard;  fatigue:  tire  ou1     '-•  To  u 

ii.        I .  i  tne  w In i lines  menial  service  for  anothi  < , 

i      liah  public  io1 Li     '!.   \  piei '  drudgery. 

3.  [Si  I    \  cigarette,    [Foi  i  I  io*,  ■  ]     fag'- 

,  nil    .  11.    l':n  .  1 1  cm  I.  as  nl  a  rope,  a  remnant. 

i.ii;  ni.  ■  r&A'ot,  ».    1.  A  bundle  ol  sticks,  twigs, 

i   u  •  .1  i..i  iiiel     'i.  [Eng.]  A  man  formerly 
hired  in  iill  a  vacancy  in  a  military  company  on  s  mus- 
i.  i-.l:,\       |1    |     faggot  !. 
I  .ihr,  n-liell,    1    tuien-hnll  ;    L'    fa'ren  -till .    Gabriel    Daniel 

.  18)      \  Qerman  physicist;  Invented  the  mercurial 
thermometer.     Fali'mi-licli.  a,     Designating  thai  ther- 

inoincler-scale   In   which   llic   freezing-point   of  water   Is  82° 

and  the  bolUng*polnl  212 

fa-lence',   1   fu  yens';  L'  fa-sain'.  PI.     A   Variety  of  majolica, 

usually  highly  decorated.    |i'..  •    Faetua,  olty  In  Italy.] 

fall,  1  icl;  2  fu.  r.    1. 1.    1.  To  forsake  or  be  wanting  to; 

ppoint.    2$.  To  leave  undone  or  unfulfilled.    II.  i. 

i .  ro  prove  inadequate  or  defective,    "J.  To  waste  away ; 

decline;  dwindle.     3.  To  become  insolvent,     [<    F. 

fnilltr,  <   L.  f"llo.  deceive,  err  |     Syn.:  see  fall:  SUSPEND. 

fall,  n.  Failure:  In  the  phrase  without  fall. —  fair- 
ing, n.    a  minor  fault;  foible;  Infirmity;  failure.    Syn.:  see 

I  OIBLS. 

fail 'lire,  1  fsl'yur;  2  fal'yur,  n.  1.  The  ad  of  failing,  or 
the  state  of  having  failed;  cessation;  bankruptcy  ';. 
\.  igleoi  or  non*periormance.  S.  That  which  fails;  any- 
thing unsuccessful.    Syn.:  see  loss;  wbfortune;  neoi  i  i  r. 

fain,  1  fr-n;  2  fan.    I.  a.    1.  Reluctantly  willing;  content. 

2.  Glad:  rejoiced.    HI.  adv.    Gladly.    [<AS    I 

fal"nc"aiit ',  1  fe'ne'un';  2  fa"ne":ih'.  u.  Weakly  Inefficient; 
lazy;  useless:  a  term  applied  to  the  later  Merovingian  kings. 
IF..  <  L.  /ado,  do,  +  ne.  not,  +  en(t-)s,  anything  ) 

faint'1,  1  tent;  2  fant,  w*.     1.  To  swoon.     2.  To  fail  in 
courage,  hope,  and  vigor;  despond.    3.  To  fade;  vanish. 
Syn.:  see  fall. 

faint.  I.  a.  1.  Lacking  in  purpose,  courage,  or  energy; 
despondent;  timid.  2.  Ready  to  faint;  weak.  3.  Slight; 
indistinct;  feeble;  dim.  Ii.  n.  A  swoon;  syncope, 
lain  I  'inul .     [OF.,  pp.  of  faindre,  feindrc;  see  FEIGN  ] 

Syn.:  dim,  exhausted,  faded,  faint-hearted,  faltering,  fa- 
tlgued,  feeble,  half-hearted,  lll-deflned.  Indistinct,  irresolute, 
languid,  listless,  purposeless,  timid,  weak,  wearied,  worn, 
worn  down,  worn  out.  Faint,  with  the  general  sense  of  lack- 
ing strength  or  effectiveness,  covers  a  wide  range  of  meaning, 
signifying  overcome  with  physical  weakness  or  exhaustion, 
or  lacking  In  purpose,  courage,  or  energy,  as  said  of  persons; 
or  lacking  dellnlteness  or  distinctness  of  color  or  sound,  as 
said  of  written  characters,  voices,  or  musical  notes.  A  per- 
son may  be  faint  when  physically  wearied,  or  when  overcome 
with  fear;  he  may  be  a  faint  adherent  because  naturally 
U .  hi,  or  purposeless,  or  because  half-hearted  in  the  cause;  he 
may  be  a  faltering  supporter  because  naturally  irresolute 
or  because  faint'hearled  and  timid  In  view  of  perils  that 
threaten,  a  listless  worker,  through  want  of  mental  energy 
and  purpose.  Written  characters  may  be  faint  or  dim,  either 
because  originally  written  with  poor  Ink,  or  because  they 
have  become  faded  by  time  and  exposure. — Ant.:  briuiit, 
brilliant,  clear,  conspicuous,  daring,  energetic,  fresh,  hearty, 
resolute,  strong,  sturdy,  vigorous. — Prep.:  Ealnt  with  hun- 
ger; faint  in  color. 

—  falnt'shearf'ed,  a.— falnt'lsh,  a.— falnt'ly,  adv. — 
falnt'ness,  n. 

fair,  1  far;  2  far,  o.  1.  Free  from  cloud,  spot,  or  blemish; 
sunshiny;  clear.  2.  Impartial;  equitable;  just.  3.  Hav- 
ing light  color  or  complexion.  4.  Pleasing;  comely; 
beautiful;  flattering;  plausible.  5.  Moderately  satisfac- 
tory; passably  good  or  large.  6.  In  games  and  sports, 
according  to  rule.  7.  In  the  direction  of  a  ship's  course; 
as,  &fair  wind.  [<  AS.  fxger.]  Syn.:  see  beautiful;  can- 
Din;  good:  honest;  just;  pure;  right. 

—  fair  copy  (Late),  a  revised  draft  of  a  legal  document 
prepared  for  perusal  of  counsel  or  client. — falr'sfaeed",  a. 
Having  a  fair  face:  also,  in  a  bad  sense,  fair  to  the  face;  two- 
faced.—  falr'ly,  adv. — falr'ness,  n.— falr>spokcn,u.  Hav- 
ing grace  of  speech;  plausible. — falr'way",  n.  The  proper 
course  through  a  channel  or  harbor. 

fair1,  n.  [Poet.]  1.  A  fair  one;  sweetheart.  2|l.  Good  for- 
'  line;  good  luck. — the  fair,  women.    Also,  the  fair  sex. 

fair2,  n.  An  exhibit  of  wares  or  products;  stated  market. 
[<  I,.OF  ferix.  holidays.) 

fair,  adv.  1.  Fairly;  honestly.  2.  In  clear  view.  3.  Fa- 
vorably; politely;  plausibly. 

Fair 'banks,  1  far'banks;  2  far'banks.  Charles  Warren 
).  An  American  lawyer  and  politician;  Vlce»Pres- 
Ident  of  the  United  States.  1905-9. 

Fair 'fax,  ]  far'faks;  2  farTaks.  Thomas,  Lord  (1612-167i). 
An  English  Parliamentary  general. 

Fair  Oaks.  A  railway  station  In  E.  Virginia:  scene  of  battles. 
May  3Hub«  1, 18Q2, 


1:  a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au -out',    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  sira(7;    Chin,   this.         facile 
299  2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   role,   cure,    but,   burn;  All,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.  false 


fair'y,  1  far'i;  2  far'y,  n.  [-iesz,  pi.]  1.  An  imaginary 
being,  ordinarily  of  small  and  graceful  human  form,  ca- 
pable of  working  good  or  ill  to  mankind.  2f»  Fairies 
collectively.  [<  OF.  faerie,  enchantment.] — fair'y5 
land",  n.  The  fancied  abode  of  the  fairies. — f.  stale,  n.  1. 
A  tale  about   fairies;   an  Imaginative  or   legendary  story. 

2.  [Colloq.  ]An  incredible  statement. — fair'1-ly,  adv.  In 
a  fanciful  or  dainty  manner:  as  fairies. — falr'y-Hke",  a. 

faltlit,  vt.    To  believe;  give  credence  to;  credit. 

faith,  1  feth;  2  fath,  n.  1.  A  firm  conviction  of  the  truth 
of  what  is  declared  by  another,  simply  on  the  ground  of 
his  truth  or  faithfulness;  belief;  trust;  especially,  such 
belief  and  trust  exercised  toward  God  and  Christ.  2. 
Intellectual  conviction  in  general,  however  grounded. 

3.  That  which  is  believed;  a  religious  creed  or  article  of 
belief.  4.  An  obligation  to  fidelity,  whether  expressed 
or  implied;  also,  the  observance  of  this  obligation;  good 
faith;  fidelity.    [  <  L.OF  fides,  faith.] 

Syn.:  assent,  assurance,  belief,  confidence,  conviction, 
credence,  credit,  creed,  doctrine,  opinion,  reliance,  trust. 
Belief,  as  an  intellectual  process,  is  the  acceptance  of  some- 
thing as  true  on  other  grounds  than  personal  observation  and 
experience.  We  give  credence  to  a  report,  assent  to  a  proposi- 
tion or  to  a  proposal.  Belief  Is  stronger  than  credence;  cre- 
dence might  be  described  as  a  prima  facie  belief;  credence  is  a 
more  formal  word  than  belief,  and  seems  to  imply  somewhat 
more  of  volition;  we  speak  of  giving  credence  to  a  report,  but 
not  of  giving  belief.  Goods  are  sold  on  credit;  we  give  one 
credit  for  good  intentions.  Conviction  is  a  belief  established 
by  argument  or  evidence;  assurance  is  belief  beyond  the  reach 
of  argument;  as,  the  Christian's  assurance  of  salvation. 
Faith  is  a  union  of  belief  and  trust.  Faith  is  chiefly  personal; 
belief  ma.y  be  quite  impersonal;  we  speak  of  belief  of  a  propo- 
sition, faith  in  a  promise,  because  the  promise  emanates  from 
a  person.  But  belief  in  a  person  is  often  used  with  no  appre- 
ciable difference  from  faith.  In  religion  it  is  common  to  dis- 
tinguish between  intellectual  belief  of  religious  truth,  as  any 
other  truth  might  be  believed,  and  belief  of  the  heart,  or  sav- 
ing faith.  Compare  fidelity;  opinion;  religion;  trust. 
— Ant.:  denial,  disbelief,  dissent,  distrust,  doubt,  incredu- 
lity, infidelity,  misgiving,  rejection,  skepticism,  suspicion, 
unbelief.  —  Prep.:  commonly  in.  [in  faith.) 

faith,  inter}.  [Colloq.]  In  truth;  indeed.  [Abbr.  of  i'  faith,  - 
faitb'ful,  1  fefh'ful;  2  fath'ful,  a.     Trustworthy;  accu- 
rate or  exact;  truthful;  strong  or  firm  in  faith. 

Syn.:  devoted,  firm,  incorruptible,  loyal,  stanch,  sure, 
true,  trustworthy,  trusty,  unwavering.  A  person  is  faithful 
who  will  keep  faith,  whether  with  or  without  power  to  aid  or 
serve;  a  person  or  thing  is  trusty  that  possesses  such  qualities 
as  to  justify  the  fullest  confidence  and  dependence.  We  may 
speak  of  a.  faithful  but  feeble  friend;  we  say  a  trusty  agent,  a 
trusty  steed,  a  trusty  sword.  See  honest;  moral. — Ant.:  ca- 
pricious, faittiless,  false,  fickle,  unfaithful,  untrue,  untrust- 
worthy, wavering. — faith 'ful-ly,  adv. — faith 'ful-ness,  n. 

—  faith 'less,  a.  Unfaithful:  disloyal;  untrustworthy;  un- 
believing.    Syn.:  see  perfidious,     -ly,  adv.     -ness,  n. 

fat 'tort,  n.    A  deceiver  or  rogue;  a  dishonorable  person. 
fake',  1  fek;  2  fak,  vl.    [faked«;  fak'ing.]    To  tuck  up;  fold. 
fake2.    I',  vt.    [Slang.]    1.  To  cover  up  defects  in  deceptively. 

2.  To  make  up   artificially;    fabricate.     3.  To   steal.     II. 

n.    1.  A  swindle  or  trick;  person  conducting  it;  fictitious 

news.    2.  Naut.  A  single  coil  or  turn,  as  of  a  rope. — fak'er, 

n.    1.  A  cheat;  swindler.    2.  A  street  pedler. 
fa-kir',  1  fa-klr'  or  fe'kar  2  fa-klr'  or  fii'kir,  n.    An  Orien- 
tal ascetic.     [  <  Ar.  fakir,  poor  man]     fa-keer't. 
fa'da',  1  KrMfi'i  2  fa'=lii',  n.  Mus.  A  refrain  in  old  songs;  also, 

an  old  simple  style  of  part»song.   [<  fa  +  la.]  fal'da't. 
fal'ba-lat,  n.    A  furbelow;  flounce,    fal've-lot 
fal'ratc,   1   fal'ket;    2  fal'eat.    I.  a.    Sickle- or 

scythe»shaped.   fal'cat-edt.    II.  n.    A  sickle 

shaped  figure.    [  <  I.,  falcatus,    <  falx  (/ale-) 

sickle.)  —  fal-ca'tlon,   n.  —  fal'cl- 

form,  a. 
fal'chion,  1  fel'dhan;  2  fal'chon,  n.     A 

broad-bladed  sword.     [  <   L.F  falx,  a 

sickle.) 
fal'con,  1  fo'kn;    2  fa'cn,  n.    A  diurnal 

bird  of  prey;  hawk.    ["<  LL.»  falco,  <  U.' 

falx,  sickle.]  -fal'con-er,  n.     One  who 

breeds,  trains,  or  hunts  with  falcons  for 

sport.— fal 'co-net,  n.    1.  A  little  falcon, 

2.  A  small  cannon  of   the   Kith  century. 

—  1  ;•  I  Vi.-iiin  i •■■■,      a.        Falcon-like.   — 
fal'con-ry,     n.     The  training  or  using         Falc< 
of  falcons  for  sport. 

Fal'con-er,  1  fo'kn-ar;  2  fa'cn-cr,  William  (1732-1769).    A 

Scottish  sailor  and  poet;  lost  at  sea. 
Fal-co'nl-o,  1  fal-ko'nl-o;    2  fal-co'nl-o.  Dlomede  (1842- 

1917),  Italian  cardinal;  Apostolic  Delegate  to  the  United 

States.  1902-11. 
fal'de-ral,    1    fal'di-ral;   2   fal'de-ral.   n.  [Scot.l  A   gewgaw; 

trifling  ornament,    fol'de-rolj. 


fald 'stool",  1  feld'stfll*;  2  fald'stool*,  n.  A  desk  or  stool  for 
devotions;  also,  a  bishop's  chair.    [<  OF.  faldestoel.] 

Fa"li-e'ro,  1  fa'li-e'ro;  2  fa"lI-e'ro,  Marino  (1278-1355).  A 
doge  of  Venice;  beheaded;  subject  of  a  tragedy  by  Byron. 

Fal'ken-hayn,  1  fal'ken-hen;  2  fal'ken-han,  Erich  von 
(1861-         ).    German  Chief  of  Staff,  1914. 

Falk'land  Is 'lands,  1  fek'land;  2  fak'Iand.  British  islands 
In  the  S.  Atlantic;  6,500  sq.  m.;  pop.  3,300.  Britisli  fleet 
under  Rear«Admiral  Sturdee  sunk  a  German  fleet  under 
von  Spee,  Dec.  8, 1914;  German  ship  "Dresden"  escaped. 

fall,  If  el;  2  fal,  v.  [fell;  fall'en;  fall'ing.]  1. 1.  1.  To 
let  fall;  drop.  2.  [Colloq.]  To  fell,  throw,  or  strike 
down.  II.  t.  1.  To  descend  by  the  force  of  gravity; 
come  down  suddenly  from  a  higher  to  a  lower  place  or 
position  or  from  an  erect  to  a  less  erect  or  prone  posture; 
drop.  2.  To  be  overthrown;  come  to  destruction;  be 
slain;  die.  3.  To  become  less  in  height  or  smaller  in  vol- 
ume or  contents;  move,  tend,  or  slope  downward;  go 
down;  ebb;  empty  or  disembogue,  as  a  river.  4.  To 
sink  or  descend;  be  diminished;  decline;  decrease;  sub- 
side. 5.  To  enter  accidentally,  inadvertently,  or  pas- 
sively into  some  state,  relationship,  or  the  like;  as,  to 
fall  asleep.  6.  To  depart  from  rectitude;  become  un- 
worthy or  degraded;  sin;  err;  apostatize.  7.  To  pass, 
come,  or  be  transferred  by  chance,  lot,  inheritance,  or 
otherwise;  be  assigned  or  classified;  happen.  8.  To  hang 
downward;  droop.  9.  To  be  born  or  brought  forth. 
10.  To  be  uttered  or  dropped,  as  if  by  chance.  11.  To 
come  or  begin,  especially  with  haste  or  vehemence. 
[<  AS.  feallan.]    fallef. 

Syn.:  decline,  descend,  droop,  drop,  fail,  faint,  lapse,  set, 
sink,  subside.  See  happen. — Ant.:  ascend,  climb,  come  up, 
go  up,  mount,  rise,  soar. — Prep.:  to  fall  from  a  height;  out 
of  a  window;  down  an  embankment;  on  one's  knees;  at 
another's  feet;  into  a  snare;  into  line;  over  an  obstacle;  In 
love;  to  blows;  upon  the  enemy;  under  suspicion. — fall  'en,  a. 
Having  come  down  by  falling;  overthrown;  disgraced; 
ruined;  dead. — falling  band,  a  16th  or  17th  century  broad 
linen  or  lace  collar  or  ruff  worn  over  the  shoulders;  Van- 
dyke.— fall'ing=sick"ness,  fall'Ing'e"vil,  n.  Epilepsy. — 
failing  star,  a  shooting  star. — falling  stone,  an  aerolite. 

fall,  a.  [TJ.  S.]  Of  or  pertaining  to  autumn. 

fall,  n.  1.  The  act,  process,  or  result  of  falling,  in  any 
sense  of  the  word.  2.  A  waterfall;  cataract;  cascade: 
usually  in  the  plural.  3.  A  flowing  or  discharge,  as  of 
one  stream  or  body  of  water  into  another.  4.  That 
which  falls  or  is  caused  to  fall.  5.  Autumn.  6.  The 
rope  of  a  tackle;  tackle=fall.  7.  A  falling  band  or  ruff 
for  the  neck;  a  veil.  8.  In  wrestling,  the  throwing  of 
or  being  thrown  by  one's  opponent,  or  the  method  of 
doing  it.  9.  That  which  acts  by  falling,  as  a  deadfall. 
10.  In  music  and  oratory,  a  cadence;  a  sinking  of  tone 
or  decrease  of  volume  of  sound.  Syn.:  see  ruin.  —  the 
fall  of  man  (Theol.),  the  spiritual  change  in  the  human 
race  wrought  by  the  disobedience  of  Adam  and  Eve. 

fal'Ia-ey,  1  fal'a-si;  2  fal'a-cy,  n.  [-ciesz,  pi.]  Anything 
that  deceives  the  mind  or  eye;  delusive  reasoning;  delu- 
sion. [<  L.f/nHncfa,  <  fallo.  deceive.]  Syn.:  see  delusion; 
error. — fal-la 'clous,  a.    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n.  [gaw. 

fal'lall",  1  fal'lal";  2  fal'lal",  n.    An  ornament  or  trinket ;  gew- 

fal'li-bl(ep,  1  fal'i-bl;  2  fal'i-bl,  a.  Liable  to  error;  ca- 
pable of  erring;  misleading.— fal"li-l)il 'i-ty,  n.  fal '11- 
bl(e-nesspJ.— fal'll-bly,  adv. 

Fal"lieres\  1  fal"yar';  2  fal'ver',  Clement  Armaml 
(1841-         ).    A  French  statesman;  President.  1 906-13. 

fal'low,  1  fai'o;  2  fal'o.     l.vt.&vi.     To  make,  keep 
come   fallow.      II.   a.      1.    Left   unset 
plowed;     uncultivated;    neglected.       2. 
Pale=yellow  or  pale-red.      III.  >i.      Land 
left  unseeded  after  plowing;  als 
woodland.      [<  AS.  fealu,  fealu,  yellow- 
ish.]    fal'low-ness,  n. 

fal'low  deer.    A  European  deer,  about  3 

feet  high,  common  in   British  parks. 
Fal'mouth,  1    fal'malli;     2 

fal'muth,   n.     a    fortified 

seaport    (pop.     13,000), 

Cornwall,  England. 
Fall  River,    a  manufactur- 
ing  city    In    S.   E.   Massa 

chusetts;   pop.   I  19.000. 
falset,   v.    I.   l.    To    falsify;  M 

betray.    II.  i.    To  be  false 
false,  1  f61s;  2  fals.     I.  o. 


1.  Contrary  to  truth  or 
fact.  2.  Deceptive;  coun- 
terfeit; artificial;  not  real 
Lying;    dishonest;   faithl 

Temporary,   imitative, 


Fallow  Deer. 


3.  Incorrect  ;  irregular.      4. 

b;    treaoherous.     8.    Mech, 
ibstitutionarj  ;     uppositi- 


tious.     6.   Mus.   Out   of    tune.     II.   adv.      Fal  ely. 


I  jrrl.  r 


It,  poll         0  ■  ••     not,  fir;  full,  role;  but,  bfirn; 

i     joe;  !■!;  I  -  e;  go,  not.  <k.  »on,    300 


i  ii«   i. 


.  ■  r  with  or 
i  ,l  -i-ii   .    .  !-il  -I- 

-ir  John 

- 

I.il   l.  r. 
tUW,  famll) 
t      \     M  ' ""  i 

t  tut.  .  I  I   To  repute; 

lit. 

.peak  ) 
.:l..r\ .  honor, 

:    DM)    bo 

onorable 

result 

fever.  la  limited   In 

■     :•  Fiitm 

-•■  cf  numbers; 

of  the 

and  honor  arc 

Hi    di  acta  thai 

for  something 

1  m   DOt  "f  ''\  :1 

.  Ishonor, 
obscur- 

I.  u.    1.  Having 
jntcd;     thoroughly 
.'.   I  informal;  f < >r- 

:. 

t   .  the  family.    II.  n. 

I  .'.  nd  and 

familiar  -pirn   .  ::.  \     rvanl  ol  aprel- 

l   .  isenold. 

umon;  gener- 

I.i-iiiiI  "l-.ir  'l-lj  .  i    S»,  pi.]    1. 

.'. 
.tnpiylac  f:.-  familiar 

l.i-niU'- 
:.iake  familiar;  accustom. — 


fam 


fam 


f  mi  i-h  . 


f  i  'up. ii-. 


fip.ii— I  > 

f»m   u-lii-. 


ran.  l 


ran 


ran 

f  .-i 


lr:.      fa-rut  'l-ral-l). 

ra-uat'1-i  i-m. 


I.  a.    Of,  belonging  to,  or 

II.  '.  /•/  ]    1.  A  group  of 

'  lu-ir  children;  also, 

p  .rents.     2.  A 

including  ser- 

-..nscon- 

i  ;  line;  clan;  tribe; 

:,f.     5. 

B.  Any  class  or 

[<  L.familia,  <  famu- 

l  ;  kin. 

ing.    [F.,  <  L. 

h,    rt.   k  ri.     To  pi 

rve.    [  <  L.°* 

f  im  l-h-np  nt.  n. 

ng  I  ime;  cele- 

■'•         •  •     •■'■.(■.:       ;,.!.'  -, T I C I < J ' •-         f.l'- 
f  i  '  n  i  • .  ri  --  ri .  - 

1  -lol;2-H.  pi.] 
ir  aman- 

ln'ntno.]     To 

r  agitat- 

.  -iast. 

■ 

fa-nat'l-cal,  a.    fa-nat'- 


2  fa-naVi-elem,  n.    The 


spirit   or  OOnduOt   i>f  II  fanatic,    inn .  cl       Ta- 

li il  I-.  .1-11." 

•\ .  credulity,  Intolerance,  superstition,    Fanat- 

,.  hi  or  rv.-n  rrcnalod  seal;  bigotry  la  ob- 

etlaate  and  unreasoning  attachment  to  ■  oause  or  ereod; 

:■:/  usual) j  Inolude  lntolero.net,  which  la 

unw  II  or  opinions  oonti  srj  to  one's 

niton  Is  Ignorant  ami  Irrational  religious  belief. 

is  not  dlstlnotlvel)  relU  alreadl- 

.  ■  believe  without  sufficient  evidence,  with  a  pronenesa 

epi  the  marvelous     Bigotry  i«  narrow,  fanaticism  la 

i  Dorant    credulity  la  weak,  Intolerance 

ten     Bigotry  lias  do l  tin-  capacity  to  reason  fairly, 

baa  not   the  patience,  tuperittitiem  baa  not   the 

knowledge  and  mental  discipline,  intolerant*   has  not   the 

disposition.    Bigotry,  fanalicit  m,  and  supi  rsiitton  arc  perver- 

,.f  the  religious  sentiment;  credulity  and  Intolerance 

often  accompany  skepticism  or  atheism     Compare  i  nthi 

-i.-m    iki-.  iKism,  fnv-t  lilnking,  Indlffi  II I  ID.  10, 

laUtudlnarbu 
fan 'cl-er.  l  fan'a-arj  2  fan'ci-er,  n,    I.    \  breeder  and 
seller  of  hir.l>  ..r  animals;  one  having  a  taste  h>r  special 
objects;  an  amateur     2.  A  dreamer. 

fall  <i-flll,    1    faii'si-ful;    2    fan'i.i-flil,    O,       1.    I'roi ling 

from  or  produced  by  fancy;  ideal;  odd  2.  Existing  only 
in  the  fancy;  unreal;  visionary,     S>  Whimsical, 

Syn.:  chimerical,  fantastic,  grotesque,  Imaginative,  vi- 
sion;, fanciful  which  is  dictated  or  suggested  by 
fancy  Independently  of  more  Berloua  considerations;  the 
fantastic  la  the /and/ui  with  the  added  elements  of  whlmslcal- 
ness  and  extravagance.  The  fanciful  swings  away  from  the 
real  or  the  ordinary  llghtlj  and  pleasantly,  the  fantastic 
extravagantly,  the  grotesQUi  ridiculously.  A  fanciful  ar- 
rangement of  objects  is  commonly  pleasing,  a  fantastic 
arrangement  la  striking,  a  grotesque  arrangement  is  laugh- 

able  A  fanciful  theory  or  suggestion  may  be  clearly  recog- 
nized as  Buch;  a  visionary  scheme  Is  erroneously  supposed  to 

have  a  basis  In  fact.     Compare  synonyms  for  DBS  (m;  idea; 

ideal;  imaginary;  oiaoination;  romantic.— Ant.:  accu- 
rate, calculable,  calculated,  commonplace,  literal,  ordinary, 
prosaic,  real,  reasonable,  regular,  sensible,  solid,  sound,  sure, 
true. 

— ran'el-rul-ly,  adr.—  ran  'el-rul-ness,  n. 

ftin'cy,  1  fan'si;  2  fan'ey.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [fan'cied;  fanVv- 
ing]  1.  To  suppose  or  believe  without  substantial 
grounds.  2.  To  take  a  fancy  to;  take  pleasure  in.  3.  To 
conceive  in  the  fancy;  have  a  notion;  form  a  fancy.  4f- 
To  love.    Syn.:  see  guess;  like. 

II.  a.  Adapted  to,  proceeding  from,  or  characterized 
by  fancy,  in  any  sense  of  the  noun.  III.  n.  [fan'ciesz, 
pi.]  1.  The  power  or  act  of  forming  or  combining  men- 
tal images  with  little  regard  to  rational  processes;  imagi- 
nation in  its  lower  forms;  fantasy.  2.  A  visionary  or 
whimsical  notion;  vagary.  3.  A  liking  or  fondness; 
also,  the  object  liked:  followed  by  for.  4.  A  pet  pursuit; 
a  hobby;  fad.  5f.  Fantasticalness.  [  <  Gr.F  phantasia, 
<  phalnO,  show.l 

Syn.:  belief,  caprice,  conceit,  conception,  desire,  humor, 
Idea,  Image,  Imagination.  Inclination,  liking,  mood,  predi- 
lection, supposition,  vagary,  whim.  An  Intellectual  fancy 
Is  a  mental  image  or  picture  founded  upon  slight  or  whimsical 
association  or  resemblance;  a  conceit  has  less  of  the  plctur- 
and  more  of  the  theoretic  than  a  fancy;  a  conceit  is 
somewhat  aside  from  the  common  laws  of  reasoning,  as  a 
fancy  Is  lighter  and  more  airy  than  the  common  mode  of 
thought.  A  conceit  or  fancy  may  be  wholly  unfounded, 
while  a  conception  always  has,  or  Is  believed  to  have,  some 
answering  reality.  (Compare  REASON.)  An  intellectual 
fancy  or  conceit  may  be  pleasing  or  amusing,  but  is  never 
worth  serious  discussion;  we  speak  of  a  mere  fancy,  a  droll  or 
odd  conceit.  An  emotional  or  personal  fancy  is  a  capricious 
liking  formed  with  slight  reason  and  no  exercise  of  judgment, 
and  liable  to  fade  as  lightly  as  It  was  formed.  In  a  broader 
sense,  the  fancy  signifies  the  faculty  by  which  fancies  or 
mental  Images  are  formed,  associated,  or  combined.  Com- 
pare synonyms  for  dream;  idea;  imagination;  inclina- 
tion; thought;  whim.— -Ant.:  actuality,  certainty,  fact,  re- 
ality, truth,  verity.  —  Prep.:  To  have  a  fancy  for  or  take  a 
fancy  t<i  a  person  or  thing. 

—  fan'ey  tree",  a.    Untouched  by  the  tender  passion. 

fandt,  Imp.  of  find.  v. 

fan-dan 'gle,  1  fan-dan'gl:  2  fan-dan'gl.  [Colloq.]  I.  a. 
i  Iharacterlzed  by  bombast  or  absurdities.  II.  n.  A  fantas- 
tic tritic;  gewgaw. 

Tan-dan 'go,  1  fan-darj'go;  2  fan-dSn'go,  n.  A  Spanish 
(lane      (Sp,  <  African.]  [temple] 

fane,  1  fen;2  fan,  n.     A  sanctuary;  temple.    [<  Jj.fanum, 

Kan  'eull  Hall,  1  fan']  ur  fun'l;  2  fan'l  or  fun'l.  Market-house 
and  historic  public  ball,  Boston,  Mass. 

ran 'Tare,  1  fan'far;  2  fan'far,  n.  (F.)  A  flourish,  as  of  trum- 
pets; a  noisy  parade.    Tan'Ta-rade't. 

fan'fa-ron,  1  fan'fa-ren;  2  fan'fa-ron,  n.  1||.  A  swaggering 
boaster;  bully.    2t.  A  fanfare.    [F.J 


1:8=  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    n  =  sino;    thin,   this,     falsehood 
301     2:  wolf,  do;  book,  boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,  burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  lurrier 


Showin 
Fangs  i 


fan"fa-ron-ade',  1  fan"fa-ren-ed';  2  fan"fa-ron-ad'.  Id.  H. 
To  make  a  vain  or  noisy  display.  II.  n.  A  blustering,  rant- 
ing, or  vainglorious  speech  or  style;  a  boastful  or  bullying 
manner;  rodomontade.  [<  F.  fanfaronnade,  <  Sp.  fan- 
farronada,  <  fanfarria,  bluster,  <  Ar.  farfdr,  talkative.] 

fang,  1  f arj ;  2  fang,  n.    A  long,  pointed  tooth  or  tusk,  as  of 
a  boar  or   a   serpent;    the     viper's 
root   of   a   tooth;    a  claw;     Mouth 
talon.     [<   AS.  fang,  catch- 
ing,   seizing.]  —  fanged,  a. 
Having  fangs, 
an'gle  ,   1  fan'gl;   2  fan'gl,  n. 
A  fanciful  novelty  or  trifle;  a 
gewgaw.  —  fan'gled,    a.      Of 
new  fashion. 

fan 'got,  1  far/gat;  2  fan'got. 
n.  A  quantity,  as  of  silk, 
etc.,  weighing  from  one  to 
three  hundredweight:  a  mer- 
cers' term. 

fan 'Ion,    1    fan'yan;   2  fan'yon,  n 
small  flag.    [OF.] 

fan 'tall",  1   fan'tel";   2  fan'tal",  n.    1. 
A  variety  of  domestic  pigeon  having 
fan-like  tail-feathers.    2.  An  Australian  or  Ori- 
ental flycatcher  having  fan-like  tail-feathers.     See 
lllus.  below. 

fan'-talied",  1  fan'-teld";  2  fan'-tald",  a.  Having  the 
tail-feathers  arranged  like  a  fan  or  capable  of  expan- 
sion, as  the  flycatcher.  [game. 

fan'-tan",  1  fan'-tan";  2  fan'-tan",  n.  [Chin.]   A  gambling 

fan"ta-sl'a,  1  fdn"t5-zi'd  or  fan-tS'zi-a;    2  fiin'ta-si'a  or 
fan-tii'gi-a,  n.     Mus.     A  fanciful  composition  of  irregular 
form.     [It.,  FANCY.] 

fan 't asm,     1  1  fan'tazm;  2  fan'tiism,  n.     1.  An  imagi- 

phan'tasm,  )  nary  appearance;  a  fantom.    2.  A  mental 
image;   fancy.     [<   Gr.  phantasma, 
<   phaino,  show.] 
Syn.:  see  delusion. 
— fan-tas"ma-go'rl-a,  n.   A  chang- 
ing, incoherent  series  of  apparitions  or 
fantasms. — fan-tas"ma-go'ri-al 
fan-tas"ma-gor'lc  or  -1-calJ. — fan- 
tas'mal,  a.     Of  or  like  a  fantasm. 

fan- (as 'tic,  1  fan-tas'tik;  2  fan-tas'- 
tic.      I.  a.      1.  Of  an  odd   appear- 
ance; grotesque;  capricious.     2.  Of 
the  nature  of  fantasy;    fanciful;   il- 
lusory.    II.  n.     One  who  is  fan- 
tastical in   conduct  or  appear- 
ance.    [  <    Gr.    phantastikos,  < 
■phantazo,  show.]    fan-tas'tl-calj; 
fan-tas'tl-eot.    Syn.:  see  fanci- 
ful;   queer;    romantic;    odd. — 

fan-tas"ti-cal'l-ty,  n      1.  Fan-  Fan=tailed  Flycatcher, 
tasticalness.     2.  A  fantastic  thing. 

— fan-tas'tl-cal-Iy,  adv.     Whimsically.— fan-tas'tl-cal- 
ness,  n.    State  of  being  fantastic. 

fan'ta-sy,     )  1  fan'ta-si;  2  fan'ta-sy,  n.    [-siebz,  pi.]    1. 

phan'ta-sy,  J  A  fantastic  notion  or  mental  imago;  fancy. 
2.  A  fantastic  design,  as  in  embroidery.  3.  Psychol. 
The  form  of  representation  that  brings  before  the  mind 
images  as  such,  severed  from  their  ordinary  relations. 
4.  Mus.  A  fantasia.  [<  F.  fantaisie;  see  fancy.] 
Syn.:  see  dream;  idea;  imagination. 

fan'tom,     11  fan'tam;  2  fan'tom,  n.     Something  that 

phan 'torn,  )  exists  only  in  appearance;  an  apparition; 
specter;   illusion.      [<    F.  fanldme,    <    L.   phantasma, 

PHANTASM.] 

fapt,  a.  [Old  Slang. 1  Befuddled. 

fa-qulr',  n.    Same  as  fakir. 

far,  1  far;  2  far.  I.  a.  [far'ther  or  fur'ther;  far'- 
thest  or  fur'thest.  (Farther,  farthest,  commonly 
refer  to  physical  distance;  further  and  furthest,  while  at 
times  so  used,  are  oftenest  applied  to  advance  or  reach 
of  thought.)]  1.  Being  a  long  way  off;  remote,  literally 
or  figuratively.  2.  Extending  widely  or  at  length; 
reaching  a  long  way.  II.  adv.  1.  At  a  remote  or 
distant  point.  2.  To  a  great  distance  or  degree;  by  very 
much.  3.  From  afar.  [<  AS.  feor,  far.]— far'«a-way", 
a.  1.  Distant;  as,  a.  far-away  town;  a  far-away  cousin.  2. 
Absent-minded;  abstracted;  as,  a  far-away  look.— far« 
fetched,  a.  1.  Brought  in  only  by  strained  effort;  not  nat- 
ural or  obvious.  2§.  Brought  from  afar.  —  far-ofr,  a.  Situ- 
ated at  a  great  distance;  remote.  —  far-reaching,  a.  1. 
Producing  effects  that  extend  far.  2.  Reaching  far  either  In 
time  or  in  space. — far-seeing,  a.  Seeing  afar;  hence,  hav- 
ing foresight.— far-sighted,  a.  Long-sighted. 
Far.,  abbr.    Farriery,  farthing. 

far'ad,  1  far'ad;  2  far'ad.  n.  The  unit  of  electrical  capacity. 
[<  the  physicist  Faraday.]— fa-rad'lc,  a.    Pertaining  to  or 


caused  by  induced  electric  currents.  far"a-da'let.— far'- 
a-dism,  n.  The  electricity  of  an  induced  current.— far"a- 
di-za'[or  -sa'Jtion,  ».— far'a-dize,  vt.  To  stimulate  (a 
nerve,  muscle,  etc.)  by  faradic  currents. 

Far'a-day,  1  far'a-de;  2  far'a-da,  Michael  (1791-1867).  An 
English  chemist  and  physicist;  discovered  magneto-electric- 
ity, etc. 

farce,  1  foxs;  2  fare.  I.  vt.  [farced*;  farc'ing.]  1.  To 
fill  with  dressing;  stuff,  as  a  fowl.  2.  To  fill  out  with 
witticisms,  jibes,  etc.  II.  n.  1.  A  short  comedy  with 
exaggerated  effects  and  incidents.  2.  A  ridiculous  pro- 
ceeding; an  absurd  failure.  3.  Stuffing,  as  for  meat; 
forcemeat.  [F.] — farced,  a.  Swollen;  pompous. — far'- 
ci-cal1,  a.  Burlesque;  absurd.  Syn.:  see  ridiculous. — 
far  'cl-cal-1  y,  adv.  —  far  'ci-cai-ness,  n ,.— far"cl-cal  'i-ty ,  n. 

far'cy,  1  far'si;  2  fiir'cy,  n.  Vet.  Surg.  Glanders.  [<  F.  far- 
cin, <  farcio,  stuff.]    far'clnf.— far'ci-cal=§,  a. 

fard^t,  vt.  To  paint  (one's  face).— fardt,  n.  Rouge;  paint. 
[F.,  <  OHG.  faro,  colored.] 

far'del't,  n.  A  bundle;  pack;  burden.  [OF.,  <  Ar.  fardah, 
pack]     far'dlet.  [far'thelt. 

far'del2t,n.    A  fourth  part.  [=  fourth  deal.]  farlt  [Scot.]; 

fare,  1  far;  2  far.  I.  vi.  [fared;  far'ing]  1.  To  be  in 
any  state;  get  on;  happen;  turn  out.  2.  To  be  provided 
as  regards  food  and  drink.  3.  [Archaic  or  Poet.]  To  go 
on;  travel.  II.  n.  1.  Passage-money.  2.  A  passenger 
carried  for  hire.  3.  Food  and  drink;  diet;  eatables. 
4|J.  Condition;  experience;  state.  5f.  A  going;  passage. 
6f.  Behavior.  [  <  AS.  faru,  a  going,  journey,  <  faran, 
go.)    Syn.:  see  food. 

fare'wel(l'p,  1  far'wel';  2  far'wgl'.  I.  a.  Parting;  closing; 
valedictory.  II.  n.  A  parting  salutation;  a  good=by; 
adieu;  parting.  III.  inter j.  May  you  fare  well;  may 
you  prosper:  used  only  at  parting.  [<  imper.  of  farh, 
v.,  +  well,  adv.] 

Syn>.:  adieu,  conge,  good-by,  leave-taking,  parting  saluta- 
tion, valediction,  valedictory.  Good-by  is  the  homely  and 
hearty,  farewell  the  formal  English  word  at  parting.  Adieu, 
from  the  French,  is  still  more  ceremonious  than  farewell; 
conge,  also  from  the  French,  is  commonly  contemptuous  or 
supercilious,  and  equivalent  to  dismissal.  Valediction  is  a 
learned  word  never  in  popular  use.  A  valedictory  is  a  public 
farewell  to  a  company  or  assembly.  — Prep.:  I  bade  farewell 
to  my  comrades,  or  (without  preposition)  I  bade  my  com- 
rades farewell;  I  took  a  sad  farewell  of  my  friends. 

fa-ri  'na,  1  f  a-ri'na ;  2  f a-ri'na,  n.  A  meal  or  flour  obtained 
from  cereals,  potatoes,  or  Indian  corn.  [L.,  <  far 
(farr-),  coarse  meal  ]— far"i-na'ceous,  a.  1.  Consisting  or 
made  of  meal  or  flour.  2.  Containing  or  yielding  starch. 
3.  Mealy. 

farm,  1  farm;  2  farm,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  cultivate  as  a  farm. 
2.  To  take  or  let  out  at  a  fixed  rental  or  percentage,  as 
lands,  taxes,  etc.  II.  i.  To  carry  on  farming;  be  a 
farmer. — farm'er,  n.  One  who  farms;  especially,  one 
who  owns  or  conducts  a  farm;  an  agriculturist— farm'er- 
gen"er-al,  n.  [fahm'ehs-gen"er-al,  /;/.]  A  member  of  a 
privileged  class  in  France  before  the  revolution  of  17S9,  who 
farmed  or  leased  the  public  revenues  and  were  guilty  of 
great  extortions. 

farm,  n.  1.  A  tract  forming  a  single  property  devoted  to 
agriculture.  2.  The  system  or  process  of  farming  out 
revenues  or  taxes.  [  <  AS.  fcorm,  supplies,  estate.] — 
farm '-hand",  n.  One  who  works  for  wages  on  a  farm. 
farm'-la"hor-ert.  —  farm 'house",  n.  The  principal 
dwelling  on  a  farm,  commonly  occupied  by  (lie  farmer's 
family.— farm'stcad,  n.  The  dwelling  and  other  buildings 
on  a  farm. 

farm'ing,  1  furm'in;  2  farm'ing,  n.  The  act  of  one  who 
farms;  the  management  of  or  labor  on  a  farm;  agricul- 
ture.    Syn.:  see  agriculture. 

Far-ne'se,  1  far-niV.se;  2  fiir-ne/se,  n.  The  name  of  an  ancient 
Italian  family;  specif.:  (1)  Alessandro.  see  PAUL  111.  (-) 
Alessandro  (1547-1592),  duke  of  Parma,  Italian  general; 
governor  of  the  Netherlands. 

far'o,  1  filr'o  or  fe'ro;  2  far'o  or  fa'ro,  n.    A  game  of  C8 

which  the  players  bet  .'mains!  the  dealer  as  to  the  order  III 
which  certain  cards  will  appear.  [<  the  picture  of  Pharaoh, 
originally  on  one  of  the  cards. 1  —  far'o-hank",  «.  A  house 
or  establishment  for  playing  faro;  also,  the  proprietor's  fund 
risked  In  the  game. 

Fa 'roe  Islands,  1  fe'rO  or  -ro:  2  fft'ru  or  -ro.  Danish  Islands 
(540 sq.  m.;  pop.  19,617),  lying  between  I  lie  Shetland  Islands 

and  Iceland. 

Far'quhar,  1  far'kwar  or  -kar;  2  f:ir'k\v:ir  or  -kar,  George 
(1678-1707).    An  Irish  dramatist;  The  Beaux'  Strata 

far-ra'go,  1  fa-re'go;  2  fa-rH'go,  n.  A  confused  mixture;  med- 
ley.    [L.] 

Far'ra-gut,  1  far'a-gtit;  2  far'a-gut,  David  Glasgow  (1801 
1870).     A  United  Stales  admiral  In  the(   Ivll  \\:ii  ;  tool.  New 
Orleans;  defeated  Confederate  fleet  at  Mobile,  Aug.  6,  1864. 

far'rl-er,  1  far'i-ar;  2  far'i-er,  n.    One  who  shoes  horses; 


fa  I  .  <">.   not.  fir;   full,  rOle;  but.bOrn; 

.  it.  fl  tilt,  lOO;    I  — 0;   I  -  «■;  go,  n«»i .  «i,  w6n, 


:wi 


i.r 


1 1  \  little  pic,  or 

iistant . 

I«     g  dui    ■ 

■ 

fir   (  h.  r-innri-    . 

I  ir   Hi.  r-..    IPI  I  ir    I  li.  r- I     . 

I.ir   Hi. -I. 

I .  ]    I  'in  - 

fourth  ) 
\  women's 


►      \    -  ,  i.irlun 

l  ii    form- 

ing - 

rtlnn    of 

-  broad 

a    )Ut-    , 

■   . .    ,,f  a  Anne  .>f  Denmark, 

,     x'      Queen  of  James  I. 

iuplicr:      °f  ■ England.  In    a 

it»'  fas'rlal  Of,      Wheel  Farthln- 

,.  or      gale. 

fas'cl-at"ed, 

i  ■■;.■(  iharacterlsed 

by  »    flat   •  th.     3.  Zool.  Marked  with 

fas'cl-atc-lj ,  adv.     fas"cl- 

■i. 

.-'!-<■!.  n.    A  bundle  or  cluster.    [< 
,  bundle.)— faa-clc'u-lar,  a.   Of 
or  pertaining  to  a  I. 

'ii'.  i-n&t,  rf.  &  ri.      [-NAT"EDd; 

attract  irresistibly; 

.   i  •  j  >    of  fa  tcino,  charm.] 

aee    ciiikm      r.i-  'i-l-n.il  "liin-ly,    adi .     fas"cl-na'- 

Hll)  of  being  fas- 

f.i-  rl-na"lor,  n. 
■'■'.  n.    A  fagot,  as  used  In  building 
i-ina,  <  fascU,  bundle.] 
I    '     To  annoy,  worry;  vex:  as, 
II.  i      To  trouble  oneself;  worry;  fret, 
-gust.) 
ta»h,  I.  vexation.     2.  Care; 

r  vexes. 
fa»h'l  I.         1.  To  give  shape  or 

lodate;  fit. 

II.         I  ■  irevailing  mode,  es- 

'.'.  Man- 

■i.  The  make  or 

•  ;  form.    4.  People 

■  ■-,,--    facia, 

■lit-.  n.\ 
fash  i. .ii-i-i. I  c       i.  ,.-     i.  (  onformlng 

■  ed  bj  -  ;  torn  or 

II  I  i-li  'lon-a-lily, 

I  i-li  I..O-.  r.  f.i-h'l..ii  nion"g«r,  n.     An  exqul- 

f.  in. .ngi  ring.  f.  mongliig: . 

•  un  from  food  beyond  the 

la»t  .         I  ure;  lasting,  as 

3.   Deep;    profoui 

-.•)     Synj  se<-  hum. 
1  dly;  swift; 

'■'■ 
I  ite.    f-' 

1  fastena,  as  a  moorlng« 

•■.movable. 
1  :  '  'ially  as  a  religious 

ting.    [  < 
faat'  day",   n.     A   day  set 
apart  I 

I  irely;  lastingly.    2.  Profoundly; 

•w.  [  <  AS.  fxtle,  <  fxst,  fixed.] 


i.»si  .     .:      iii  rapid  Buooeaaion,  or  with  quiok  motion; 

swiftl  ■    • '.  adv  1 

fast 'en,  1. 1     1,  To  make  fast .  secure; 

itt  o  b     2.  To  settle;  oonfirm;  bind     3.  To  direct 
the  attention,  ej     ,  fei  ling  i,  etc  .  toward     II.  i.    To 
take  (as)  hold;  cleave;  ding:  followed  bj  <>»  or  upon. 
VS     i  tnian,  ■    fmtl,  fixed  I    svn    net   bind, 
f.i-i  in-ir,  ■      fast  .  n-hig,  a     1.  The  aot  of  making 
f:"-i     |,  rii. ii  which  fastens,  as  a  bolt    Syn,:  leeLOCi 
fhs-tld  'l-ous,  i  fas-tid'i-usj  L'  fl    rJfd'i  B  ,  a      Bard  to 
please;  overnice;  squeamish.     |<    L.  fattidiosiu,    < 

Syn.:  see  syi  himisii.      fas-(ld  I-oiis- 

i-.  fas-(i<ri-ous-iii'ss,  n 

f.isi'ing,  i  fost'irj;  2  fast'ing,  n,    The  aoi  of  abstaining 

from  food.      Syn  ;  ,.  >:. 

fast  'iiess,  i  fo  i  ii.  ;2  fa  '  ni  .  n.  1.  A  fortress;  Btrong- 
hold,  2.  The  state  ol  being  fa  I ,  in  anj  sense;  aeouril  i , 
dissipation.    Syn.:  see  fortification. 

lit.  1  fat;  2  fal  I.  vi  4  ti  [i  t  i '  1 1  d  ' .  i  it/two.]  To 
fatten  II.  a.  [fat'tbr;  fattest.]  I.  Having  much 
or  superfluous  flesh;  corpulent;  obese.  2.  Containing 
much  fat,  oil,  grease,  etc.  S.  Broad:  said  of  a  ship's  quar- 
ter, of  type»bodies,  etc.  4.  Print.  Profitable  because 
containing  a  large  proportion  of  open  space,  illustra- 
tions, etc.:  s:ii.|  of  typcpmatter  or  copy  f or  it.  5.  Stu- 
pid; sluggish;  dull.  6.  Prosperous;  thriving;  nourishing; 
profitable;  lucrative.  HI.  n.  1.  a  white  greasy,  easily 
melted  compound,  found  in  animal  or  vegetable  tissues. 
**.  The  richest  or  most  desirable  part  of  anything.  [< 
AS.  fa-t.]  Syn.:  see  corpulent.—  fat'ly,  ad  v.  —  fat  'ness, 
n. — i.ii  'il-h,  a. 

fal   ,  n.     Same  as  vat. 

fatal,  1  fe'tal;  2  fa'tal,  a.  1.  Bringing  or  conneeted  with 
death  or  ruin;  destructive;  deadly;  portentous;  ominous. 
2.  Fraught  with  or  determining  fate  or  destiny;  fateful. 
[OF.,   <   L.  fotalis,   <  fatum.  see  FATE.]     »Iy,  adv. — fa'tal- 

Istn,  n.  The  doetrine  that  every  event  La  predetermined  and 
Inevitable.  -  fa'tal-lst,  n.  A  believer  In  fatalism—  fa'tal- 
ls"tle,ri-  fa'tal-ls"tl-eal-ly,  adv.  —  fa-tal'l-ty,  n.  (-tiesz, 
pi]  I.  A  state  of  being  fated;  destiny;  decree  of  fate.  2.  A 
disastrous  or  fatal  event;  death.  3.  Tendency  to  danger  or 
disaster.    Syn.:  see  necessity. 

Fa'ta  Mor-ga'na,  1  fii'ta  mer-gfi'ns;  2  fa'ta  nrV-ga'na.  Myth. 
1.  A  fairy,  pupil  of  Merlin  and  sister  of  Arthur.  2.  [f-]  A 
mirage,  especially  as  observed  on  the  coast  of  Sicily,  poeti- 
cally attributed  to  the  fairy.     3.  A  fantastic  Imagination. 

fate,  1  fet;  2  fat,  n.  1.  Predetermined  and  inevitable  ne- 
cessity. 2.  Destiny;  fortune;  lot;  specif.,  evil  destiny; 
doom;  destruction;  death.  3.  pi.  [F-]  Or.  &  Rom.  Myth. 
The  three  goddesses,  Clotho,  Lachesis,  and  Atropos, 
supposed  to  control  all  destinies;  the  Destinies.  [<  L. 
fatum,  neut.  sing,  of  fatus,  pp.  ol  for,  speak.)  Syn.:  see  ne- 
cessity: predestination.— fat'ed,  pa.  Destined;  doomed. 
—  fate'ful,  a.  1.  Fraught  with  fate.  2.  Fatal,  -ly.  adr. 
-ness,  n. 

rath.,  abbr.    Fathom. 

fa'ther,  1  fa'thar;  2  fa'ther.  l.vt.  1.  To  have  or  assume 
the  relation  of  father  to.  2.  To  charge  the  begetting  ot 
or  responsibility  for:  with  on  or  upon.  II.  n.  1.  The 
male  parent  of  a  child.  2.  Any  male  ancestor;  fore- 
father; patriarch;  an  aged  and  reverend  man  or  honored 
official;  priest;  clergyman.  3.  [F-]  The  Deity;  God;  the 
first  person  in  the  Trinity.  4.  An  author;  founder. 
\</;rdrr.\  —  Fathers  of  the  Church,  the  early  teachers 
and  defenders  of  Christianity.  — fa'ther-hood,  n.  The  state 
or  relation  of  a  father.  —  fa'therdndaw",  n.  The  father  of 
one's  spouse.  fa'ther-land",  n.  The  land  of  one's 
birih.-  fa'thcr-less,a.  Not  having  a  living  father.  — fa'- 
ther-Il-ness,  n.  The  quality  of  being  fatherly.— fa 'ther- 
ly,  a.  1.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  like  a  father.  2.  Manifesting 
the  affection  of  a  father;  paternal.  — fa'ther-ly,  adv. 

fath'om,  1  fath'am;  2  fath'om.  I.  vt.  To  find  the  depth 
or  get  to  the  bottom  of;  sound;  interpret.  II.  n.  [fath'- 
omh  or  fath'om,  pi.]  1.  A  measure  of  length,  6  feet. 
2j.  Intellectual  depth;  profundity.  [<  AS.  fxlhm,  an 
embrace.]— fath'om-a-bl(e'',  a.  — fath'om-less,  a.  Un- 
fathomable. 

fat'l-gatet,  a.     Fatigued;  exhausted.— fat"l-ga'tlont.  n. 

fa-tigue',  1  fa-tig';  2  fa-tig'.  I.  vt.  [fa-tigued';  fa- 
tigu'ing.1  To  weary;  tire  out.  II.  n.  1.  Exhaustion  of 
strength  by  toil;  wcarniness.  2.  Wearing  toil.  [F.,  < 
L.  fatieo,  tire.]    Syn.:  see  tire. 

fa-tlgue'*du"ty,   n.     Common  or  mechanical  labor 
done  by  soldiers.— fat'l-ga-bl(e»",  a. 

fat'ling,  1  fat'lirj;  2  fat'ling.  I.  a.  Fat;  plump.  II.  n. 
A  young  animal  fattened  for  slaughter. 

fat  'ten,  1  fat'n;  2  fat'n,  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  or  become  fat, 
plump,  or  productive;  grow  rich. — fat'tcn-er,  n. 

fat'ty,  1  fat'i;  2  fat'y,  a.  Fat;  unctuous.— fat'tl-ness,  n. 

fat'u-ous,  1  fat'yu-ua;  2  fat'yu-us,  a.    Stubbornly  blind 


l:a>  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    (Thin;    go;    I)  =  81710;    thin, 
303        2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,  bQrn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin, 


this, 
this, 


farrow 
feather 


or  foolish;  idiotic;  baseless;  illusory;  inane.  [<  L. 
fatuus,  silly.]  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  re.— fa-tu'1-tous,  a.— fa- 
tu'I-ty,  re.    Obstinate  or  conceited  folly;  imbecility;  Idiocy. 

fau"bourg',  1  fo'bur';  2  fo"bur',  re.  A  suburb;  also,  a  quarter 
of  a  city  outside  the  old  wails.    [F.] 

fau'ces,  1  fe'slz;  2  fa'ces,  re.  pi.  The  parts  bordering  on  the 
opening  between  the  back  of  the  mouth  and  the  pharynx; 
the  throat.    [L.]— fau'cal,  a.  &  re.    Guttural. 

fau'cet,  1  fe'set;  2  fa'ggt,  n.  A  spout  fitted  with  a  valve, 
for  drawing  liquids  through  a  pipe.  [  <  OF.  fausset,  < 
fausser,  pierce.] 

faugh,  1  fe;  2  fa,  inter j.    An  exclamation  of  disgust. 

faulty  1  felt;  2  fait,  v.  1. 1.  1.  Gcol.  To  cause  a  fault  In.  2. 
[Rare  or  Colloq.]  To  blame.  3t.  To  lack;  want.  II ||.  i. 
To  commit  a  fault;  fail;  err. 

fault,  n.  1.  A  slight  offense;  a  neglect  of  duty  or  propri- 
ety. 2.  An  imperfection;  defect;  blemish.  3.  A  losing  of 
the  trail  or  scent:  said  of  hunting=dogs.  4.  Geol.  A 
fracture  of  strata,  or  of  the  greater  rock=masses,  with 
displacement.  5.  Elec.  An  accidental  leak.  [  <  OF. 
favte,  <  L.  /alio,  deceive.] 

Syn.:  see  blemish;  error;  offense.— fault'flnd"er,  n. 
A  person  given  to  finding  fault  or  complaining. — fault'- 
find"liig,  a.  &  re. — fault 'fill,  a.  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  ».— 
fault'less,  a.  Without  fault.  Syn.:  see  correct;  inno- 
cent; perfect. — fault'!ess-ly,  adv. — fault 'less-ness,  re. 
—  fault  'y,  a.  Having  faultsor  blemishes;  erroneous;  wrong. 
— fault 'i-ly,  adv.— fault'1-ness,  re. 

faun,  1  fen;  2  fan,  n.  Rom.  Myth.  A  deity  of  the  woods 
and  herds,  half»human,  with  pointed  ears  and  goats'  feet. 

fau'na,  1  fe'na;  2  fa'na,  re.  [fau'n*  or  fau'nab,  pL]  The 
animals  living  within  a  given  area  or  a  stated  period. 
Syn.:  see  animal.— fau'ual,  a. 

Fan 'mis,  1  fe'nus;  2  fa'ntis,  re.  Rom.  Myth.  A  grandson  of 
Saturn;  patron  of  agriculture  and  founder  of  religion  in  La- 
tium;  later  confused  with  Pan. 

faurd,  1  ford;  2  fard,  a.  [Scot.]  Favored. 

Faure,  1  for;  2  for,  Francois  Felix  (1841-1899).  French 
statesman;  president  of  France,  1895. 

fause,  1  fez;  2  fas,  a.  [Scot.]  False. 

Faust,  1  faust;  2  foust,  re.  A  German  physician,  astrologer, 
and  reputed  magician  of  the  16th  century;  hero  of  works  by 
Marlowe,  Goethe,  and  Gounod  (opera). 

fau"teull',  1  fo'tu'ya;  2  fo"tu'ye,  re.  An  upholstered  arm- 
chair.     [F.,  FALDSTOOL.] 

faux  pas,  1  fo  pa;  2  fo  pa.  A  false  step;  mistake;  error;  slip; 
especially,  a  breach  of  good  breeding.    [F.] 

Fa-vo'nl-an,  1  fa-vo'm-an;  2  fa-vo'ni-an,  o.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  Favonius,  the  west  wind;  hence,  auspicious. 

fa'vor,  1  fe'var;  2  fa'vor.  I.  vt.  1.  To  treat  with  favor; 
befriend;  facilitate;  promote.  2.  [Colloq]  To  look  like. 
II.  n.  1.  An  act  or  course  of  generosity;  kind  and  favor- 
able feeling.  2.  The  state  or  condition  of  favoring.  3. 
Favoritism.  4.  Kind  permission.  5.  Convenience;  fa- 
cility. 6.  Something  given  as  a  token;  a  letter.  7 1|.  As- 
pect; looks;  beauty;  charm.  8§.  That  which  is  favored. 
[<  L.  favor,  <  faveo,  favor.]    fa'vourj. 

Syn.:  benefit,  blessing,  boon,  civility,  concession,  conde- 
scension, countenance,  gift,  good=will,  grace,  kindness,  pat- 
ronage, predilection,  preference,  regard.  A  favor  is  a  benefit 
or  kindness  that  one  is  glad  to  receive,  but  can  not  demand 
or  claim,  hence  always  indicating  good'Will  or  regard  on  the 
part  of  the  person  by  whom  it  Is  conferred.  See  (verb)  in- 
dulge; (noun)  esteem;  friendship;  gift;  mercy. — Ant.: 
disapproval,  disfavor,  dislike,  harm,  hostility,  hurt,  injury, 
Insult,  repulse. 

— fa'vor-a-bl(cp,  a.  1.  Convenient;  advantageous.  2. 
Friendly;  propitious.  Syn.:  see  amicable;  auspicious;  con- 
venient; expedient;  friendly;  good;  propitious.  — fa'- 
vor-a-hl(e-nessp,  «.  — fa'vor-a-bly,  adv. — fa'vored,  a.  I. 
Having  an  aspect  or  appearance:  In  compounds;  as,  hard" 
favored.  2.  Wearing  a  favor.  Syn.:  see  fortunate.— fa'- 
vor-er,  re. 

fa'vor-it(e8,  1  fe'var-it;  2  fa'vor-it.  I.  a.  Regarded  with 
special  favor;  preferred.  II.  n,  A  person  or  thing  par- 
ticularly liked  or  favored.  [F.]— fa'vor-lt-lsm,  n.  A 
disposition  to  favor  unfairly  or  unreasonably. 

Fawkes,  1  foks;  2  faks,  Guy  (1570-1606).  An  English  con- 
spirator, chief  agent  in  the  Gunpowder  Plot,  1605. 

fawn1,  1  fon;  2  fan,  vi.     To  show  cringing  fondness,  as  a 
dog.     [<  Ice.  fagna,   =  AS.  feegnian,  <  feegen,  Fain.] 
fawn'er,  n.-  fawn 'lug,  pa.  &  n.    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

fawn2.  I.  vi.  To  bring  forth  a  fawn.  II.  n.  1.  A  young 
deer;  a  buck  or  doe  in  its  first  year.  2.  The  color  of  a 
fawn;  light  yellowish-brown.  fawn'=Col"ort.  [  <  OF. 
fan,   <   L.  fetus,  offspring] 

fay,  1  fe;  2  fa,  vt.  &  vi.  To  fit  or  Join  closely;  lie  closely  to- 
gether, as  two  pieces  of  timber.  [<  AS.  flgan,  <  V  of 
fair,  a.\ 

fay,  a.  1.  [Scot.]  Fated,  as  to  sudden  death;  doomed.  2. 
Dying;  dead.    [<  AS.  fiBge.] 

fay1,  n.    A  fitting  smoothly,  as  of  one  plank  to  another. 


fay2,  re.    A  fairy.    [  <  OF.  fae.] 

fay3||,re.    Faith;  as,  by  my  fay. — fay'ful-lyt,  adv.    Loyally. 

fay4t,  re.    A  foe. 

Fay-al',  1  fai-al';  2  fi-iil',  re.  A  mountainous  island  of  the 
Azores,  N.  Atlantic  Ocean:  64  sq.  m.;  pop.  26,000. 

faynet.  adv.  &  a.  _  Same  as  fain. 

Fay-oum',  1  fai-um';  2  fi-um',  n.  A  province  (669  sq.  m.; 
pop.  442,000)  in  Upper  Egypt.     Fay-urn 'i;  Fay-yum'i. 

fay'tert,  n.    Same  as  faitor. 

faze,  1  fez;  2  faz,  vt.  [Local,  U.  S.]  To  worry;  vex;  scare;  dis- 
turb. 

F.  B.  A.,  abbr.  Fellow  of  the  British  Academy.— F.  C,  abbr. 
Free  Church  (of  Scotland).— F.  C.  P.,  abbr.  Fellow  of  the 
College  of  Preceptors. — fcp.,  fcap.,  abbr.  Foolscap.  —  F.  I)., 
abbr.  [L.]  Fidei  Defensor  (Defender  of  the  Faith).— F.  E., 
abbr.  Flemish  ells. — Fe.,  abbr.    [L.]    Ferrum  (iron). 

fealt,  a.    Faithful,  loyal. 

fe'al-ty,  1  fi'al-ti;  2  fe'al-ty,  n.  Fidelity,  as  of  a  vassal 
to  his  lord;  loyalty.  [<  L.OF  fidelita(t-)s,  fidelity'.] 
Syn.:  see  allegiance;  fidelity. 

fear,  1  fir;  2  fer.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  be  apprehensive  or 
afraid  of;  be  fearful  or  afraid;  venerate;  revere.  2. 
[Poet.  &  Archaic]  To  terrify;  drive  by  fear.  II.  n.  1. 
An  emotion  excited  by  threatening  or  apprehended  evil; 
alarm ;  dread ;  terror.  2.  A  cause  of  fear.  3.  Reverence 
for  constituted  authority;  religious  awe;  as,  the  fear  of 
God.     [  <  AS.  fser,  sudden  danger,  fear.] 

Syn.:  affright,  apprehension,  awe,  consternation,  dismay, 
disquietude,  dread,  fright,  horror,  misgiving,  panic,  terror, 
timidity,  trembling,  tremor,  trepidation.  Fear  is  the  ge- 
neric term  denoting  an  emotion  excited  by  threatening  evil 
with  a  desire  to  avoid  or  escape  it:  fear  may  be  sudden  or 
lingering,  in  view  of  present,  of  imminent,  or  of  distant  and 
only  possible  danger;  in  the  latter  sense  dread  is  oftener  used. 
Horror  (etymologically  a  shivering  or  shuddering)  denotes  a 
shuddering  fear  accompanied  with  abhorrence  or  such  a 
shock  to  the  feelings  and  sensibilities  as  may  exist  without 
fear,  as  when  one  suddenly  encounters  some  ghastly  spec- 
tacle; we  say  of  a  desperate  but  fettered  criminal,  "I  looked 
upon  him  with  horror."  Where  horror  includes  fear,  it  is  fear 
mingled  with  abhorrence.  (See  abhor.)  Timidity  is  a 
quality,  habit,  or  condition,  a  readiness  to  be  affected  with 
fear.  A  person  of  great  timidity  is  constantly  liable  to  need- 
less alarm  and  even  terror.  Dread  is  terrifying  anticipation 
of  evil,  and  is  lingering  and  oppressive.  Dismay  is  a  helpless 
sinking  of  heart  in  view  of  some  overwhelming  peril  or  sor- 
row, actual  or  prospective.  Dismay  is  more  reflective,  en- 
during, and  despairing  tha.11  fright;  a  horse  is  subject  to  fright 
or  terror,  but  not  to  dismay.  A  we  is  a  reverential  fear.  Com- 
pare alarm;  anxiety;  fright. — Ant.:  See  synonyms  for 
fortitude.     Compare  brave. 

— fear'er,  re. — fear'ful,  a.  1.  Experiencing  fear;  afraid; 
apprehensive;  timid;  timorous.  2.  Inspiring  fear;  terrible. 
Syn.:  see  awful;  frightful. — fear'ful-ly,  adv. — fear'ful- 
ness.re. — fear'Iess,a.  Being  without  fear.  Syn.:  see  brave. 
— fear'less-ly,  adv. — fear 'less-ness,  re. — fear'some,  a.  1. 
Causing  fear;  alarming.  2.  Timid;  frightened,  -ly,  adv. 
-ness,  n. 

fear 'naught",  1  fir'net";  2  fer'nat",  re.  A  heavy  shaggy 
woolen  goods;  dreadnaught.    fear'nouglifj:. 

fea'si-bl(ep,  1  fi'zi-bl;  2  fS'si-bl,  a.  That  may  be  done; 
practicable.  [  <  F.  fairable,  <  faire,  <  L.  facio,  do.] — 
fea"sl-bll'l-ty,  re.  Practicability. — fea'sl-bl(e-ncssP,  re. — 
fea'sl-bly,  adv. 

feast,  1  fist;  2  fest,  v.  I.  t.  To  give  a  feast  to;  delight. 
II.  i.    To  make  a  feast;  enjoy  oneself.  —  feast'er,  n. 

feast,  n.     1.  A  sumptuous  repast.    2.  Anything  affording 

great  enjoyment.    3.  A  festival  or  joyous  anniversary: 

opposed    to   fast.     [  <  L.OF  festa, 

pi.  of  festum,  holiday.] 

Syn.:  see  revel.— feast'ful,  a. 

feat ||,  a.  Dexterous;  neat;  Ingenious. 
— feat'lyt,  adv. 

feat,  1  fit;  2  fet,  n.  1.  A  notable 
act  or  performance,  as  one  dis- 
playing skill,  endurance,  ordaring. 
2||.  An  act  of  any  kind.  [<  F. 
fait,  <  L.  factum;  sec  fact.] 
Syn.:  see  act. 

featli'er,  1 1  feth'or;   2  fSth'er.    I. 

feth'er8,  J  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  cover  or 
be  covered  with  or  as  witli  feath- 
ers. 2.  To  turn  the  blade  of  (an 
oar)  nearly  horizontal  in  recover- 
ing. II.  n.  1,  One  of  the  append- 
ages growing  out  from  the  skin  of  a 
bird,  collectively  forming  the  plu- 
mage. 2.  Something  resembling 
a  feather,  especially,  in    mechs 

nism,  a  tongue,  wedge,  or  I'm.  3.  Kind;  class  <>r  species- 
4.  In  rowing,  the  act  of  feathering.  I  <  AS.  f ether.] — 
fcath'er>boue",  n.    A  substitute  for  whalebone,  prepared 


Feather. 
.  kttanhtft;  '■.  ihittl 


I.  run  nl 


It,  poll                                <•(.  *r;   full.  rAle;   hut.  burn; 
I  ii         i      I  .    I      • "I'm,      :104 


fri, 

I 


1.  I.   n 


I.  j  I  Ii    i  r-  In    i.l 


Ii  lltUPl   « 

a  . 

fl'»  '- 
:.  Having  nr 

ir.  -I.  -- . 


I 

make  ] 

'■   .  ■  :  I 

Ic-lirlf  ir-oiis:. 
i  ii  .ii. mi-  efflca- 
.1  u>  flight  1 

•    ••    ining  t.i  fever; 

EVKB.] 

'  t   nr,   in  leap* 

1 

Fuse.    [  < 
i.   i  ii.        i.i   i  ii  . 
i  oi ou8.    II.  n.  I. 

•.'.  Amount,  quantity,  number,  or 
in  ii  - 1  1. 1 1>  rracr.] 

i.i  k * . ■  j i — i > . 
>for»nothing.     feck'ly,  adv. 


-la,  'i  dally  as 

pulp.    I  <  L.  juculii, 

1.  The  con- 
ulness;  mini  I 

!  ilentus, 

l.  i  'u-len-i  j  :.     fi  ■(    ii-l.iii. 
I '■• '  I  ■  di-ty,  n.     Produc- 

indus, 
(. .    mi. I.  fer'un- 

.  fertilize.—  'ectop- 
ia ii 
I 

■  -1-  I.  i     1.  Pi  rtaining  to  a 

•    2.Pertain- 

•1.  Supporting  a 

specifi- 

'  be  American 

II.         I.   \n  advocate. 

use  in  the 
ml.  <  L.  fa 


■  i  p 


f..  . 


.  tin-  part 

nal  government,     fed'er- 

i  ral  union  iii  government. 
li-ilVr-al-M,  n. 
eratlon.    II.  a. 
i|"ir-.i  'tton, 

feil'i  r-a-lh    i •-. 
-I>  ■ 

fed'a-ryt. 

l.  To  pay  a  fi 


rvice.    2.  A 

'-  •.».  /',  udal 

'•■  <  I.I. 

fi ■•   - ■  in i>l •  .  ol  Inheritance 

■  gth  or  vigor; 
tearful.1 

I  ■  ■    |  i 

!    I.  (.     1.  To  give 
f*00  -'•    ■  ;  ply,  as  material  to  a  ma- 


l.ITTI.r..       «MMH;       pi  SII.I.AN1M0U8.— 

2.  Irresolute,    -ness. 


ohlne     :i.  To  f urnlah  m  food     II.  ■     To  take  food;  eat; 

\     -  '    I    fa,      I  I. ml     | 

i  iii  I.        I.  V  ay  thing  thai  is  usi  .1  u  food;  a  tingle  meal, 

m  animal     '.'.    \iaeh.   \  feeding  motion  or  meoh- 

materuti  fed  to  a  machine     s.vn  :  see  rooo 

i. .  .i  .  r.         I.  One  who  or  thai  which  feeds;  <  specially, 

inoi   i"i  nippb  bag  material  to  a  ma* 

ohlne     '.'•  \  pei  ion,  animal,  or  plant  thai  take*  nourish* 

mer;  also,  b  dependent ;  sei  \  an1 .  para  ite 

:i.    Anything  thai    luppliea  tie  wants,  or  increases,  the 

imetning  else,  us  a  tributary  stream,   4. 

i  Mi.-  who  em  i]  ipoi  ts,  or  incites, 

I  '.        I   i       linn  '.  1  fl   -f.r-flllll'.  :.'  Ir'-fll'-flllll'.n      XiMI.-mIISI-U.iI'iIm 

of  :i  giant  in  the  tale  ol  Jack  the  Oiant»KiUtr;  a  glanl  or 

hobgoblin;  any  Jargon  or  mummery  to  awe  the  foolish  or 

fee'  i.i» '.rum': ;  fee'ifo'ifum't. 

r.-rl.  i  iii.  g  1. 1. 1,  |i  i  i  i .  1 1  i  i  'is,,  i  I.t  1.  To  perceive, 
.■i-  by  the  touch;  examine  by  touching.  2.  To  be  men- 
tally affected  ..r  stirred  by.  8.  To  l><'  conscious  of;  have 
II.  I.  To  have  (s  specified)  sensation, 
■  ii  mi  ion.  etc  ;  us.  to  (,  .1  cold.  2.  To  give  :i  sensation  to 
the  touch.  :{.  I'..  be  full  of  feeling.  [<  as  filan  \ 
feel'er,  n.  I.  One  who  or  thai  which  leels.  8.  An  antenna; 
tentacle.    S.  An  Indirect  approach;  a  trial  venture. 

feel,        l.  The  sense  of  touch.    2.  Sensation;  perception 
uch,    •!.  Perception  in  general. 

feel'lng;.  I.  pa,  Possessed  ol  warm  sensibilities;  sympa- 
thetic; fervent;  impassioned.  II.  n.  1.  Tin-  -  d 
touch;  hence,  general  sensation.  2.  Any  mental  stirring; 
sentiment;  emotion.  II.  Refined  sensibility;  sensitive- 
s.vn.:  consciousness,  emotion,  Impression,  passion, 
pathos,  sensation,  sense,  sensibility,  sensitiveness,  sentiment, 
tenderness.    See  difdisi;  love;  sensation. 

feel'Ing-Iy,  adv.    in  a  reeling  or  pathetic  manner. 

feert,  «.    A  companion;  husband  or  wife,    feart;  feret. 

feet,  1  lit;  2  fst,  n.    Plural  of  foot.— feetless,  a. 

feece,  ]  nz;2fez,  s,  (feezed;  feez'ing.)  I.i,  [l'rov.  Eng.  or 
<  lbs  I  1.  To  drive  oil;  compel.  2.  To  vex;  chastise.  II.  I. 
[Colloci.,  U.  S.)  To  fret;  be  uneasy,    feasct;  feeset. 

feign,  I  1  fen;  2  ffin,  V.     I.  (.     1.  To  make  a  false  show  of; 

foin'',  1  simulate;  pretend,  2.  To  invent  or  imagine. 
II.  i.  To  use  false  appearance  or  representations;  dis- 
simulate. (<  L.  fcindre,  <  L.  flngo,  shape.  1  Syn.:  see  as- 
si  mk;  pretend.  —  feign 'cd-ly,  adv.  felgu'lng-lyt.  — 
felgn'cr,/i.  feint.  I<>.  ii.  To  make  a  feint.  II.  n.  A  decep- 
tlve  appearance  or  movement;  pretended  attack. 

feld'spar",  1  feld'spaV;  2  feld'spar",  n.  A  mineral  con- 
sisting  chiefly  of  aluminum  silicate.  |<  G.feld,  field,  + 
spath,  spar]  feld'spath"J;  fel'spar"t.  —  feld-spath'lc, 
a.     fcld-spath'osel. 

fe-llc'i-tate,   1   fi-lis'i:tet;  2  fe-lfc'i-tat,   vt.     [-TAT"EDd; 
-tat"ino.]    To  wish  joy  or  happiness  to. 
Syn.:  see  congratulate.— fe-llc"l-ta'tlon,  n. 

re-llc'1-ty,  1  fi-lis'i-ti;  2  fe-llc'i-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi.]  1.  A 
— t : 1 1 1 •  of  well-founded  happiness;  a  source  of  content. 
2.  Happy  faculty;  a  clever  or  apt  expression;  appropri- 
ateness.  (<  L.  fdiciiait-)*,  <  felix  (felio),  happy.] 
Syn.:  see  happiness.— fe-llc'l-tous,  a.  1.  Marked  by  or 
producing  felicity.  2.  Happy  In  operation  or  effect;  appro- 
priate.   Syn.:  see  happy,    -ly, adv.    -ness, ». 

Ke'll-d;e,  1  fl'h-dl;  2  fe'li-dP.  n.  pi.  Mam.  A  family  of  carni- 
vores. Including  catlike  animals,  as  the  lion,  tiger,  etc.  Fe'- 
11-,  a.  (t.  g.)     [<   L.  fells,  cat.] 

fe'line,  1  fl'lain;  2  fe'lln,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  cats  or 
'■:it like  animals;  catlike;  sly.  [<  LL.  felinus,  <  L. 
MU,  cat.]    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

fell,  1  fel;2  fel,  i(.  1.  To  cause  to  fall;  cut  clown.  2.  To 
finish  with  a  fell:  said  of  seams.  [AH.  fellan,  caus.  of 
feallan,  fall.]— feU'ear,  n. 

fell,  imp.  of  FALL,  V. 

fell,  n.  Characterized  by  fierceness  or  cruelty;  inhuman; 
barbarous;  hideous,    [<  A3,  fel.] 

fell  ,  n.  1.  A  seam  finished  with  a  flat  and  smooth  strip. 
2.  The  end  of  the  web  in  weaving.     [  <  fell,  ».] 

fell  ...      1.  Hair;  a  growth  of  hair.    2||.  A  hide  or  pelt. 
\s.  fill,  hide.] 

fell3,  n.  1.  [Prov,  Eng.]  A  tract  of  waste  land;  a  moor.  2. 
A  barren  hill  or  upland  level.  [ME.  fel,  <  Ice.  flail,  fell, 
hill  ] 

fel  lab,  1  fel'n;  2  feTii,  n.  [fel'lahs2  or  fel"lah-een', 
/>'  ]     A  peasant;  laborer,  as  in  Egypt.    [Ar.] 

ferloc,  1  fel'o;  2  fel'o.  n.     .Same  as  felly. 

fel 'low,  1  fel'o;  2  fel'o.  I.  a.  Joined  or  associated;  asso- 
ciate.  II.  it.  1.  A  person  or  individual.  2.  A  compan- 
ion ;  also,  a  counterpart;  equal.  3.  An  inferior  or  worth- 
person.  4.  The  holder  of  a  fellowship.  5.  A  mem- 
ber of  a  society.  [<  Ice.  felai/i,  <  felag,  companion- 
ship] Syn.:  see  associate.— fel'low=feel"lng,  n.  Sympa- 
thy.— fel'lowdlke"||,  a.  I.fke  a  companion;  companion- 
able; sympathetic,    fel'low-lyt.— fel 'low-ship.    I.  vt.  A 


l:a=  final;    I  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  fe«d;    Cliin;    go;    o  =  smg;    thin,   this. 
305      2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,  burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


feature 
ferment 


A  small,  swift  Medi- 
Felucca. 


Vi.      [-SHIPED1   or   -SHIPPED';   -SHIP"ING   Or  -SHIP"PING.]      To 

aecept,  or  unite  with  others,  in  fellowship.  II.  re.  1.  The 
state  of  being  a  comrade  or  companion;  friendly  intercourse; 
communion;  participation.  2.  A  band;  company.  3.  [Eng.) 
A  position  in  a  college,  carrying  with  it  certain  privileges. 
4.  [U.S.]  A  foundation,  as  in  a  college,  the  income  of  which 
is  bestowed  upon  a  graduate  to  aid  him  in  further  studies. 
Syn.:  see  acquaintance;  association;  intercourse. 

fel'ly,    )  1  fel'i,  fel'o;  2  fel'y,  fel'o,  re.     [fel'lies2,  fel'- 

fel'loe,  j  loesz,  pi.]  A  segment  of  the  rim  of  a  wooden 
wheel.     See  wheel.     [ME.  fely,  felow,   <  \S.felg.] 

fel'ly,  adv.    Harshly;  fiercely.  [de  se,  a  suicide. 

felo,  1  fi'lo;  2  fe'lo,  re.    A  felon.    [LL.]— fe'Io  de  se,  1  di  si;  2 

fel'on,  1  fel'an;  2  fel'on,  o.  1.  Obtained  by  felony.  2. 
Wicked;  criminal;  treacherous.     IF.] 

fel'on1,  n.    One  who  has  committed  a  felony. 

fel'on2,  re.  Inflammation  of  the  cellular  tissue  and  peri- 
osteum, as  on  a  finger.  [<  felon,  a.,  being  a  'malig- 
nant' sore.] 

fel'o-ny,  1  fel'o-m;  2  fgl'o-ny,  n.  [-niesz,  pi.]  A  grave 
crime;  originally,  one  punishable  with  forfeiture  of  lands 
and  goods.— fe-lo'ni-OUS,  a.  Showing  criminal  pur- 
pose; malicious;  villainous.  Syn.:  see  criminal.— fe-lo'ni- 
ous-ly,  adv. 

fel'spar",  1  fel'spar";  2  fel'spiir",  n.  Same  as  feldspar. — 
fel-spath'ic,  fel'spath"ose,  a. 

felt,  1  felt;  2  felt.  Id.  vt.  &  ri.  To  compact  or  be  com- 
pacted into  felt;  overlay  with  felt.  II.  re.  A  fabric  made 
by  compacting  wool,  fur,  or  hair,  or  a  mixture  thereof. 
[<  AS.  fell.]— felt'ing,  re.  1.  The  process  by  which,  or  the 
materials  of  which,  felt  is  made.    2.  Felt  in  quantity. 

felt,  imp.  &  pp.  of  feel,  v. 

fe-luc'ca,  1  fi-luk'a;  2  fe-lue'a,  n 
terranean  coasting  =  vessel 
propelled  by  lateen  sails  and 
by  oars.  [It.,  <  Ar.  faluka, 
<  fulk,  ship,  <  falaka.  be 
round.] 

fern.,  abbr.    Feminine. 

fe'male,  1  fi'mel;  2  fe'mal. 

I.  a.  1.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
the  sex  that  brings  forth 
young  or  produces  ova.  2. 
Characteristic  of  a  woman; 
feminine.  3.  Bot.  Pistillate. 
4.  Noting  some  object  hav- 
ing a  correlative  known  as  the  male.  II.  n.  1.  A  person 
or  animal  of  the  female  sex.  2.  Bot.  A  pistillate  plant. 
[<  L.F  /cmf(ta,  young  woman.]    Syn.:  see  feminine. 

feme,  1  fem;  2  fem,  re.  A  woman.  [OF.]  femmet. — fern* 
covert,  a  married  woman. — feme  sole.  1.  An  unmarried 
woman.  2.  A  married  woman  as  regards  separate  rights  of 
property  or  trade. 

fem'i-nin(es,  1  fem'i-nin;  2  fem'i-mn,  a.  1.  Belonging 
to  or  characteristic  of  womankind;  having  qualities,  as 
modesty,  delicacy,  tenderness,  tact,  etc.,  normally 
characteristic  of  women.  2.  Lacking  in  manly  quali- 
ties; effeminate.  3.  Gram.  Applicable  to  females  only 
or  to  objects  classified  with  them.  [  <  L.r  femininus,  < 
feminn,  woman.] 

Syn.:  effeminate,  female,  womanish,  womanly.  We  apply 
female  to  the  sex,  feminine  t<>  the  qualities,  especially  the 
finer  physical  or  mental  qualities  thai  distinguish  fh.e  female 
sex  in  tiie  human  Family,  or  to  the  objects  appropriate  for  or 

especially  employed  by  them.  A  female  voice  is  1  he  voire  (if 
a  woman;  &  feminine  voice  may  belong  to  a  man.  Womanish 
denotes  the  undesirable,  woman!  1/  the  admirable  or  lovely 

qualities  of  woman.  Womanly  (ears  would  suggest  respect 
and  sympathy,  womanish  tears  a  touch  of  contempt.  The 
won]  effeminate  is  always  used  reproachfully,  and  only  of 
men  as  possessing  womanly  traits  such  as  are  Inconsistent 
with  true  manliness.— Ant.:  See  synonyms  for  MASCULINE, 
fcm'l-nlnfc-lys.adr. — fem'i-nln(c-nessH,  re. — fem"- 
l-nln '!-!>•,«.  1.  The  quality  or  state  oi  being  feminine.  ;». 
Women  collectively.  fem"l-ne'l-tyi. 
femme,  1  fam;  2  fam,  re.  [1*1  1.  A  woman;  wife:  used  In 
phrases.     '£.   Line.   Same  as  FEME.  — fem  nil'  de  rhambrc, 

a  chambermaid;  lady's«mald.  [thigh, 

fem'o-ral,  l  fem'o-rel;  2  f&n'o-ral,  a.    Pertaining  to  the 

fc'inur,  I  fi'mirr;  2  fc'riiur.  n .  [FE'MURSZ, FEM'O-RA,  1  fem'n- 
T!>;  2  fem'o-ra,  pl.\  Anal.  The  long  hone  that  forms  the 
skeleton  of  the  thigh;  thigh-bone;  thigh.    [I,.] 

fen,  1   fen;  2  fen,   n.      1.   A    marsh;   bog       2.   A   di. se 

hops,  caused  by  a  mold  of  rapid  growth.    [  <  AS.  fenn.] 

—  fcn'ny,  a.    Marshy;  boggy.    fcn'nMi;. 
fence,   1 1  fens;  2  ffinc,  t>.    [fenced*;  fbnc'ing.]    I.'.    To 
fense1',  j  enclose  with  or  as  with  a  fence;  secure  or  protect . 

II.  i.  1.  To  practise  with  a  foil  or  sword;  strive  skil- 
fully, as  in  debate.  2.  To  provide  a  fence  or  defense. 
Syn.:  see  circumscribe.— fene'er,  n.    1.  One  who  fences, 


as  with  foil  or  sword.  2.  A  horse  good  at  leaping  fences. — 
fenc'I-bl(ep.  I.  a.  Capable  of  defending  or  of  being  de- 
fended. II.  n.  A  soldier  enlisted  for  home  service  only. — 
fenc'ing,  re.  1.  The  art  of  attacking  and  defending,  as 
with  a  foil  or  sword;  hence,  skilful  debate.  2.  Material  for 
fences;  fences  collectively. 

fence,  n.  1.  An  enclosing  structure  of  rails,  pickets, 
wires,  or  the  like;  a  defense;  shield;  bulwark.  2.  The 
use  of  weapons,  as  in  fencing;  repartee.  3.  Mcch.  A 
guard,  guide,  or  gage.  4.  A  receiver  of  stolen  goods, 
or  the  place  where  such  goods  are  received.  [Abbr.  of 
defense.)   Syn.:  see  rampart. 

fendd,  1  fend;  2  fend,  v.  I.  t.  To  keep  off  or  away;  ward 
off ;  defend;  guard.  II.  i.  1.  To  fence;  parry.  2.  [Scot.] 
To  take  care  or  provide.  [Abbr.  of  defend.] — fend'er, 
n.  One  who  or  that  which  fends  or  wards  off;  any  protecting 
device,  as  to  keep  a  vessel  from  harmful  contact  with  a  pier 
or  to  prevent  accidents  to  pedestrians  from  streetcars;  a 
guard  before  an  open  fire. 

Fe"ne-Ion',  1  fe"n3-len';  2  fe"ne-16n',  Francois  de  Salignac 
de  la  Mothe  or  Delamotte  (1651-1715).  A  French  eccle- 
siastic and  writer. 

fe-nes'tral,  1  fi-nes'trel;  2  fe-nes'tral.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  or 
resembling  a  window.  lit.  re.  A  window.  [<  I,,  fenestra, 
window.] 

fe-nes'trate,  1  ft-nes'tret;  2  fe-nes'trat,  a.  1.  Having  win- 
dows or  window-like  openings.  2.  Having  transparent  spots. 
fe-nes'trat-edj. 

Fe'ni-an,  1  fi'm-on;  2  fe'ni-an.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  the  Fe- 
nians. II.  re.  1.  A  member  of  an  Irish  society  called  the 
Fenian  Brotherhood,  formed  in  New  York  in  1857  to  seek 
independence  for  Ireland.  2.  One  who  sympathizes  with  the 
Fenian  Brotherhood.  3.  A  member  of  certain  very  ancient 
Irish  tribes  (the  Fianna).  In  this  sense  also  Fen'ni-ant; 
Fin'nl-anJ.— Fe'ni-an-ism,  re.  The  principles  of  the 
Fenian  Brotherhood. 

fen 'nee,  1  fen'ek;  2  fen'fic,  n.    A  small  African  fox  having 
very    large    pointed    ears. 
[Moorish. j    fen'nekj. 

fen'nel,  1  fen'el;  2  fen'el, ' 
n.  A  tall  aromatic  Eu- 
ropean herb  of  the  pars- 
ley family,  with  yellow 
flowers. 

feod,  feo'dal.etc.  Same  as 
feud,  etc. 

feoff',  1  ief  or  fif ;  2  fef  or  fef, 
vt.  Law.  To  give  or  grant 
(one)  any  corporeal  hereditament  by  delivery;  enfeoff.  [< 
OF.  feoffer.flefer,  <flef;  see  fief.)— feoff-ee',  re.  Law.  One  to 
whom  a  feoffment  is  made. — feoff'er,  re.  One  who  grants  a 
feoffment,  feoffor}.—  feoff  'incut,  n.  Lair.  1.  A  grant  of 
lands  in  fee  by  deed  with  delivery.  2.  The  accompanying 
deed. 

fert,  a.  &  adv.    Far.    ferret.  [wild  beast]    fe'rinej. 

fe'ral,  1  fi'ral:  2  fe'ral,  a.    TJndomestlcated;  wild.    [<  L.fera, 

fer"=de=lance\  1  fer"=da=luns' ;  2  fer=dc=lanc',  re.    [F.]    A  ven- 
omous snake  of  trop- 
ical    South   America 
and  Martinique. 

Fcr'di-nand,  1  fiir'di- 
nand;  2  fer'di-nfmd, 
v.,  "the  Catholic" 
(1423-1494).  King 
of  Castile  and  Ara- 
gon;  patron  of  Co- 
lumbus. 

feret.  I.  vt.  To  fear. 
II.  re.    Fear. 

fere,  1  fir;  2  fer,  a.     Able;  strong;  healthy. 
faran,  go.] 

feret,  «■    Same  as  feer. 

fe'ri-al,  1  fi'n-al;  2  fc'rl-al,  a.  Ecel.  Relating  to  week-days,  or 
pertaining  to  holidays.    [<  L.  ferise,  holidays.] 

fe'rlne,  1  fl'nn  or  -rain;  2  fe'rin  or  -rln.  I.  a.  1.  Existing  In  a 
state  of  nature:  wild.    2.  Malignant :  .said  of  a  diseuse.    II.  n. 

A  wild  beast,  or  beast  of  prey.  [<  L.ferlnus,  ■  fera,  wild 
beast.] — fe'rine-ly,  adv.-  fc'rlne-ness,  >/. 

fcr'ly,  1  fer'h;  2  fer'ly.  [Prov.  Eng.,  Scot.,  or  Obs.]  I.  vi. 
[fer'lied;  i'ek'i.v  ing.]    To  wonder.     II.  a .     Fearful  or 

wonderful;  surprizing:   sudden.      II.    re.      1.    A    wonder   or 
marvel:  also,  wonder;  surprize.    2.  A  fault      I       A: 
sudden.  <  fir,  fear.]    far'llcl  ;  far'lj  |;  fer'llclil ;  fcr'llcl. 
fer'lyt,  adv.     rar'lyt;  fer'llclit;  fer'llcf. 
fer- merit's  1  fur-ment ';  2  fSr-mSnt',  v.    1. 1.    1.  To  pro 
duce  fermentation  in,    2.  To  stir  with  pa    ion;  agitate. 
II.  i.    To  undergo  fermentation;  be  in  agitation,     fer- 
ment'a-bl  Ce*  or  -i-bl  «•■•,  ,;      fer-ment"a-bll'l-ty,  n 
fer"men-ta'tlon,  n .    I.  a  chemical  decomposil  Ion  of  anor- 
ganic compound,  Induced  by  living  organisms  or  by  Chemical 

agents     ':.  c  ommotlon,  agitation  or  excitement,    8. 

tie  ebullition,     fer-ment  'a-ilnert.  a.    ( 'a using,  or  capable 

of  causing,  fermentation;  fermenting. 


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ferment        ,   . ..  ,, ....   gM     .,  I  ob.y.  ^rt;   not.or.  full,  rflle.  U.t.bOrn; 

l1(,l,,n  ,      .,  ,     .,       |.iv\,  ifrn;  lilt.  !■■<•;    I      '.    I      <\  go,  n6t,  Or,  w6n.       .lUO 

►>r"r>',  1  fc'rl';  2  ii'Tj",  JulM  (1833   1808      A  i  renob  law- 

■  .     r   .  nili-r 

fcr'til  »•".  l  (or  Ul;  2  fftr'til,  a     I.  Producing,  or  capable 
.•I  producing,  abundantly;  fruitful;  plentiful      '.'.  i:. 
producing,  or  capable  of  reproducing     [F.,  <  I.  fertilit, 
.  ,i  i    smi    exuberant,  Fecund,  fruitful,  luxuriant, 
productive,  proline  rich,  teeming      Prep.:  In 

fer'tlKe-ly*.  ad*.    fer-tU'l-ty,  n.     fer'tlKe-neaMt. 

fer'tll-l/e  oi  4N|   1   tin  iii, n/.  2  feVtil-Is,  vt      |  ized; 

o  |    To  render  fertile  or  fruitful;  enrich      fcr"tll- 

1-/.1  Hon.  n     The  ael  or  prooeaa  of  fertUlslng     fcr"in-i- 

s.i'tlim;.      fcr'tll-l/'Vr,  n      <  Mie  win,  or  thai  Whlcb  f.  ml 

fertilising  material,  as  guano,    fer'tll-ls"er$. 
fer'ule,    1    fer'ul;  2   irr'ul,  n     A  Hat  stick  foi  striking 
blows  on  the  hand.    |<  I.,  ferula, <  ferio,  strike.] 

fer'wilt,  1   tiir'vent.  2  fer'veiit.  a.     1.  Ardent  in  feeling; 

fervid  2.  Burning,  or  verj  hot  l<  L.  fenen(t-)s, 
ppr.  ot/<rM0,  boll.]     Syn.:  see  uu>ini    eager;  mn 

fer'wii-r>,  n.     Fervor:  seal,      fcr'\cnt-l>,  adt       fcr'- 

rent-neu,  n,    Syn.:  see  bnthtjbiabm 
fer'Wd,  1  fOr'vwl;  2  fer'vid,  u.    1.  Burning  with  seal  or 
vehement,    2.  Hot;  glowing;  fiery.    [<  L. 
ferveo,  boll]  —  fcr-ild'l-t>,    rer'vld-ness,  n, 

fer'\ld-ly.  adv. 

fer'vor,  l  fnrverj  2  ffr'vor,  n.  1.  Ardor,  or  intensity  of 
reeling;  seal.    8.  Heat;  warmth,    fcr'vourj.    Byn.:seeEN- 

ihii-msu;  wmimtii.    |(>K.,  <  li.fcrvor,  ■   ferveo,  boll.] 

fCS'CUe,   1   fes'klfl;  2  fcs'cO.  ".     A   pointer  formerly  used   for 

Indicating  the  letters  to  children  learning  to  read.    [ME. 
OF.  fettu,  <  L.  festitea,  stalk.] 
fes-.,  i  fee;  2  lea,  n.  Her    a  horizontal  band  across  the  middle 

of  the  shield  and  having  a  breadth  equal  to  one-third  of  the 

ni  id.    [■    OF.  fuse,  <  L.  fascia,  band.]    fesscj. 
Fes 'sen-den,  1  fea'en-den;  2  les'en-den,  William  Pitt  (1806- 

1869        An  American  lawyei   and  Statesman 

fes'tal,  1  fes'tal;  2  fes'tal,  a.  Pertaining  to  a  festival, 
feast,  or  holiday,  festive.  [  <  L.  festum,  FEAST.] — fes'- 
tal-ly,  (till.     In  a  festal  manner;  merrily. 

fes  ter,  1  fes'ter;  2  feVter.    I.  it.  &•  vi.    1.  To  generate 

morbid  matter;  ulcerate;  rankle.  2.  To  be  in  a  state  of 
decomposition  or  corruption.  II.  rt.  The  act  of  fester- 
inn;  an  ulcerous  sore.     [<  L.OF  fistula,  ulcer.] 

fes  'tl-natet,  a.     Quick;  speedy.  — fes'tl-natc-l),  adt. 

fes'li-val,  1  fes'ti-\;.l;  2  fes'ti-val.  I.  a.  Festive.  II.  n. 
A  period  of  feasting  or  celebration,  as  an  anniversary. 

fes'livie",  1  fes'tiv;  2  feVtiv,  a.  Pertaining  or  suited  to 
a  feast:  gay.  [<  L.  festivus,  <  festum,  see  feast,  n] 
•If,  adt.  —  fes-tlv'l-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi.]  A  festive  celebration; 
gaiety;  merrymaking.     Syn.Msee  frolic;  revel. 

fes-toon',  1  fes-tun';  2  fes-toon'.  Let.  To  decorate  with 
or  fashion  into  festoons.  II.  n.  A  decorative  garland 
or  hand  hanging  in  a  curve  between  two  points.  [< 
I.I.  ['  f<sto(n-)  garland.]—  fes-toon 'y,  a.  Decorated  with  or 
like  festoons. 

fe'tal,  1  fl'tfll;  2  fe'tal,  a.    Pertaining  to  a  fetus,    foe'talt. 

feleh',  j  1  fech;  2  fech,  v.    I.  t.     1.  To  go  alter  and  firing; 

lech1',  (bring;  convey.  2.  To  bring  as  a  price.  3.  To 
attain  by  exertion;  accomplish;  reach.  4.  [Colloq.]  To 
bring  to  terms;  bring  down.  II.  f.  To  move;  hence 
(  Xnut),  to  reach  or  get.  [  <  AS.  fecenn,  prob.  for/.  Han, 
<  fset,  step,  journey.]  —  to  fetch  a  compass,  to  make  a  cir- 
cuit; go  round  about.  — fetch 'er,  n.  [AS.  origin.) 

fetch1,  n.     1.  An  act  of  fetching.     2.  A  stratagem.     [Of 

fetch*, n.    [Dial.,  Ens.]  A  wraith.    [<  Dan.  vette.] 

fete,  1  fet:  2  fet.  I.  it.  To  honor  with  festivities;  feast.  II. 
n.  A  festival;  holiday.  [F.]  — fetc'=day",  n.  A  festival 
day,  birthday,  or  saint's  day. 

feteta  n.    A  deed;  knightly  feat. 

fef'e-rl'ta,  1  fcfa-ri'ta;  2  fSt"e-ri'ta,  n.  A  non«saccharin 
sorghum  allied  to  durra,  native  of  the  Sudan  and  in- 
troduced  as  fodder  in  the  United  States. 

fe"tl-a'les,  1  fl'sTii-e'lIz;  2  fG'shi-a'les,  n.  pi.  [I..]  Rom.  Antiq. 
A  college  of  twenty  priests  or  heralds  who  performed  the 
ceremonies  attending  declarations  of  war  and  peace. 

fet 'Id,  1  fet'id;  2  fCt'id,  a.     Emitting  an  offensive  odor. 
(<   I.,  felidus,  fmtidu.i,   <  feteo,  smell  111]     fa-'tldt.     Syn.: 
itoibohe;  rotten.— fet'Id-ly,  ndr—  fet 'ld-ness,  n. 

fe'tish,  1  fi'tisri  or  fet'isTi;  2  fe'tish  or  fet'ish,  n.  An  ob- 
ject worshiped  among  savages  as  the  incarnation  of  a 
spirit.  [<  L.p«+F  factitius,  factitious.]  fe'tiebj.— 
fc'tlsh-lsm,  n.     fe'tlch-lsmt;  fe'tl-clsmt. 

fet 'lock,  1  fet'lek;  2  fet'lSk,  n.  The  tuft  of  hair  above  a 
h'.r-e's.  hoof;  also,  the  projection  and  the  joint  at  this 
place.    [  <  fet-  (cp.  foot)  +  lock2,  n\ 

fe'tor.  1  fl'tar;  2  fe'tor,  n.    A  stench.    [I..] 

fet 'ter,  1  fet'ar;  2  fet'er,  vt.  To  fasten  fetters  upon; 
shackle.    Syn.:  see  bind. 

fet'ter,  n.  A  shackle  for  the  feet;  anything  that  con- 
fines.    [  <  AS.  fetor,  shackle] 

Syn.:  bondage,  bonds,  chains,  custody,  durance,  duress, 
gyves,  handcuffs.  Imprisonment,  Irons,  manacles,  shackles, 


■ 

f.  -  ' 

fe-ro'eloas-neas,  h     fe-roe'l-ty,  n. 

of  being  fi  rot  li  '•-.  tierce 

containing;  yielding:  as.  carbonl- 

■!      1.  A  province  (1.019  sq. 
■  -  capital,  an  ancient 

in  family  of  1-errara  (16th 
1  •  r    r  i-r,  -.    .    i    An. 

Pertaining  to,  made  of,  or 
.  Iron.) 
fi  r  r.  i  .  I   .    .'      1.  To  find  by  keen  and 

ith  out.    2.  To  hunt  with  ferrets. 

II.  !  of  8  ferret. 

let  r.  i  .  1.  like  carnivore,  about  14  inches 

.      :■.■.-■       .Mill 

:  to  hunt 
.'. 

,  <  *^       "   - 

''rr''-  Ferret. 

I  '.on.    2.  Floas»sllk.  [<  It.  florctto, 

.     'i.     The  act  of  ferrying; 
eoov.  rry;  toll  charged  for  ferrying. 

I.  Pertaining  to  iron.    2.  Chem. 

I    ferrum.  Iron.) 

•  rei.  r,     con- 

•  of  Iron  or  steel  bars. 

armored  concrete: . 

n      A  fortified  Kaporl   town  In 

al   arsenal   and   dockyard;    pop. 

■  V.  n.     A  tintype.     [<   L. 

'    ;    -:. lining  to.  or  derive,) 

—  pcrlally  In  Its  lower  valence.     [<   L.  firrum. 

Iroo  | 

f.  r-ru  irl-rt..ii  -.  p-nUB: 2  fe-ni'gi-nus,  o.     1.  Of  or 

I.    (<L  /■rru'/inus,  KjiTTum, 


f.  -  'role 

I 


I.  A  1      tal  ring  or  cap,  a-  on 

'-'■    '       .  ■■   ■  .■  or  thimble.    3.  The 

in,  ring]     fer'relt; 

f.  r    ul. 

•  .  2  W-rTim.  n.    [I.  ]  fhem.  Troo. 
2  ff-r'y.   r.      [rEETBIED;   M  I'.'l'.T-INf;  ]     I.  t. 
■■■  boat  f>r  float. 
•I-  I  _    ■    Water,    U    ::.    :-.   boat       [<    AS.  j'-rian, 

)    1.  A  system  of  transportation 
the  place  ■ 

fer'ry=boat"t. 

'   ■  rj.man,  n.    One  who  has  charge  of  a  ferry. 


1: ft  =  final;    1  =  habtt^    aisle;    mi  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cfhin;    go;    0  =  B\ng;    thin,   this,      ferment 
307       2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this,  fiction 


Bonds  may  be  of  cord,  leather,  or  any  other  substance  that 
can  bind;  chains  are  of  linked  metal.  Manacles  and  hand- 
cuffs are  for  the  hands,  fetters  are  primarily  chains  or  jointed 
iron  fastenings  for  the  feet;  gyves  may  be  for  either.  A 
shackle  is  a  metallic  ring,  clasp,  or  bracelet-like  fastening  for 
encircling  and  restraining  a  limb:  commonly  one  of  a  pair, 
used  either  for  hands  or  feet.  Bonds,  fetters,  and  chains  are 
used  in  a  general  way  for  almost  any  form  of  restraint. 
Gyves  is  now  wholly  poetic,  and  the  other  words  are  mostly 
restricted  to  the  literary  style;  handcuffs  is  the  specific  and 
irons  the  general  term  in  popular  usage;  as,  the  prisoner  was 
put  in  irons.  Bonds,  chains,  and  shackles  are  frequently 
used  in  the  metaphorical  sense. 

— fet'ter=bone",  n.  The  first  phalanx  or  great  pastern 
of  a  horse's  foot,  just  below  the  fetlock. — fet'terskey",  n. 
The  key  of  a  fetterlock.— fet'ter-lock",  n.  1.  A  hopple  for 
a  horse;  fetlock.    2.  Her.  A  shackle  and  padlock. 

fet'tle,  1  fet'I;  2  fet'l,  v.  I.  I.  To  adjust;  put  in  order.  II. 
i.    [Prov.  Eng.)  To  prepare;  make  ready.  {fine  fettle.. 

fet'tle,  n.    [Prov  Eng.)    Good  trim;  thriving  condition;  as,  in 

fe'tus,   )  1  fi'tus;  2  fe'tfis,  n.  The  young  in  the  womb  or 

foe'tus,  J  egg;  unborn  offspring.     [L.] 

feud1,  1  fiiid;  2  fud,  n.  Vindictive  strife  or  hostility  be- 
tween families  or  clans,  commonly  hereditary.  [  <  AS. 
fsehth,  <  fall,  hostile.] 

Syn.:  animosity,  bitterness,  contention,  contest,  contro- 
versy, dispute,  dissension,  enmity,  hostility,  quarrel,  strife. 
A  feud  is  enmity  between  families,  clans,  or  parties,  with  acts 
of  hostility  mutually  retaliated  and  avenged;  feud  is  rarely 
used  of  individuals,  never  of  nations.  While  all  the  other 
words  of  the  group  may  refer  to  that  which  is  transient,  a 
feud  is  long-enduring,  and  often  hereditary.  Dissension  is 
used  of  a  number  of  persons,  of  a  party  or  other  organization. 
Bitterness  is  in  feeling  only;  enmity  and  hostility  involve  will 
and  purpose  to  oppose  or  injure.    Compare  cjuarrel. 

feud2,  n.  Land  held  of  a  superior  on  condition  of  render- 
ing service.    [  <  LL.  feudum,  <  OF.  fieu;  see  fief.] 

—  feu  'dal,  a.  Relating  to  a  feud  or  to  the  relation  of  lord 
and  vassal. — feu'dal-lsm,  n.  The  medieval  European  sys- 
tem of  land  tenure  on  condition  of  military  service,  feudal 
systemj.— feu'dal-lst,  n.  Polit.  One  learned  in  the  laws  of 
feudalism.— feu"dal-ls 'tic,  a.— feu-dal'i-ty,  n.  The  con- 
dition or  quality  of  being  feudal. — feu'dal-ly,  adv. — feu'- 
dal-lze,  vt.  [-ized;  -iz'ing.)  To  conform  to  feudalism. — 
feu'da-ry.  I.  a.  Relating  to  a  feudal  tenure.  II.  n. 
[-riesz,  pi.]  One  holding  land  by  feudal  tenure. — feu'da- 
to-ry.  I.  a.  Holding  or  held  by  feudal  tenure.  II.  n. 
[-niE.sz.pZ.)  Polit.  Econ.  1.  Afeudornef.  2.  A  vassal,  feu'- 
da-ry I;  feu'da-ta-ryf. 

feud.,  abbr.    Feudal. 

feu"llle-ton',  1  fu'ya-ton';  2  fu"ye-toh',  n.  The  part  of  a 
French  newspaper  devoted  to  light  literature:  usually  a 
space  across  the  foot  of  the  page.  [F.,  <  feuille,  <  L.  fo- 
lium, leaf.] 

fe'ver,  1  fi'var;  2  fe'ver.  I.  vt.  To  affect  with  fever.  II. 
n.  1.  A  disorder  marked  by  high  temperature,  quick- 
ened pulse,  etc.  2.  Extreme  excitement.  [  <  AS. 
fefcr,  <  L.  febris,  <  ferveo,  boil.] — fe'ver-few",  n.  An  erect 
bushy  herb  of  the  aster  family,  bearing  white-rayed  flow- 
ers; also,  one  of  certain  other  plants. — fe'ver-lsh,  a.  Af- 
fected with  fever;  hot;  impatient,  fe'ver-lyt;  fe'ver-ousj 
[Rare];fe'ver-yt. — fe'ver-lsh-ly,ar/!). — fe'ver-Ish-ness,  n. 
— fe'vcr=root",  n.  A  coarse  hairy  herb  of  the  honeysuckle 
family,  having  brownish-purple  flowers.  Its  root  is  a  pur- 
gative and  emetic,  fe'verswort"!.  —  f.ssore,  n.  A  small 
eruption  on  the  lips,  produced  by  fever;  cold»sore.  f.s 
blister! . 

few,  1  fiu;  2  fii,  a.  Small  or  limited  in  number;  not  many. 
[<  AH.  fea(w-).]    -ncss,  n. 

fey,  1  fe;  2  fe,  v.  [Scot]  1.  Fated  or  foredoomed  to  death,  par- 
ticularly to  a  sudden  death.    2.  Dying; 
dead. 

fez1,  1  fez;  2  fez,  n.  Abrimless  Turk- 
ish felt  cap,  usually  red,  with  a  black 
tassel.  [F.,  <  Turk,  fes,  <  Fez  (city 
In  Morocco).] 

Fez2,  n.  An  ancient  fortified  city  (pop. 
140,000; ;  northern  capital  of  Morocco. 

Fez-zan',  1  fe-zon';  2  fe-ziin',  n.  A  sul- 
tanate (120,000  sq.  m.;  pop.  27,000) 
of  N.  Africa. 

ff.,  niihr.  Folios,  following,  fortissimo. 
—  ffor.,  abbr.  [It.]  Fortissimo.— F.  F. 
V.,  abbr.  First  Families  of  Virginia.— 
f.  g.  a.,  abbr.     Free  of  general  average. 

fl-a'ere,  1  fl-o'kr;  2  fi-ii'cr,  n.  A  small 
four-wheeled  public  carriage;  a  French 
hackney-coach.     See  lllus.  In  next  col. 

fl"an"ce',  1  fl"on"se';  2  ri"iih"ce.',  n 
An  affianced  or  betrothed  person.     [F.] 

fl-as'eo,  1  fi-as'ko;  2  fi-as'co,  n.  1.  A  complete  or  humili- 
ating failure.     2.  A  bottle.     [It.,  flask. j 

fl'at,  1  foi'at;  2  fl'at,  n.     A  positive  and  authoritative 


Fez. 
[FrAN'CEE',  fern.] 


command  that  something  be  done.  [L.,  let  it  be  done.] 
— flat  money,  irredeemable  paper  money  made  legal  tender 
by  law. 

lib,  1  fib;  2  fib.  I.vi.  [fibbed,  fibd8;  fib'bing.]  To  tell 
a    fib.      II.    n.      A  _. 

petty    falsehood. 
[Corr.  of  FABLE. ]— 
fib'ber,  n.    One  who 
tells  fibs,     fib'sterj. ' 
[Rare]. 

fi'ber,  )1    fai'bar;    2 

fl'bre,  J  fi'ber,  n.  1. 
A  fine  filament.  2. 
Any  substance  composed  of  or  separable  into  threads 
or  filaments.  3.  The  essential  element  of  anything; 
strength;  nerve.  [  <  F.  fibre,  <  L.  fibra,  fiber.]— fl'bri- 
form,  a.  Having  a  fibrous  form  or  structure;  resembling 
fiber.— fi'brll,  n.  A  minute  fiber,  fi-bril'lat.—  fi"brll- 
la'tlon,  ».—  fl"briI-llf'er-ous,  a.  Fibril-bearing.— fi- 
bril 'H-form,  a.  Having  the  form  of  fibrils.— fi'brln,  n.  A 
white  filamentous  substance  obtained  from  coagulated 
blood;  the  fibrous  portion  of  flesh;  a  similar  substance  sepa- 
rated from  cereal  grains,  fi'brlnej.—  fl'bri-nous,  a. — fi'- 
broid,  a.  Of  the  nature  of  fiber;  fibrous;  as  a.  fibroid  tumor. 
— fl'brous,  a.  Composed  of  or  having  the  character  of  fi- 
bers.   [<  L.  fibra,  fiber.] 

fib'u-la,  1  fib'yu-la;2fib'yu-la,  n.  [-i.m,  1  -II;  2-le,  pi.]  l.The 
outer  of  the  two  bones  that  form  the  skeleton  of  the  lower 
leg.  2.  A  clasp  or  clamp.  [L.,  clasp.  <  figo,  fasten.]— rib 'ti- 
ter, a.    Of  or  pertaining  to  the  fibula. 

-neat  ion,  suffix.  From  Latin  -ficatio,  <  facio,  make;  signifying 
the  making,  rendering,  or  causing  to  be  of  a  certain  sort  or 
character;  as  beatification,  glorification. 

Flch'te,  1  flH'ta;  2  flH'te,  Johann  Gottlieb  (1762-1814). 
A  German  philosopher. — Flch'te-an,  a.  &  n. 

fl'chu,  1  fisn'u  or  (F.)  fTshii';  2  flch'u  or  (F.)  fi"chu',  n.  1. 
A  three-cornered  cape  worn  with  the  ends  crossed  in  front. 
2.  A  triangular  piece  of  light  material,  worn  about  the  neck. 
[F.,  <  ficher,  fix.] 

flck'l(ep,  1  fik'l;  2  fik'l,  a.  Inconstant  in  feeling  or  pur- 
pose; changeful;  capricious.     [<  AS.  ficol,  crafty.] 

Syn.:  capricious,  changeable,  changeful,  crotchety,  fitful. 
Inconstant,  irresolute,  mutable,  shifting,  unstable,  unsteady, 
vacillating,  variable,  veering,  wavering,  whimsical.  See 
irresolute;  mobile.  — Ant.:  constant,  decided,  determined, 
firm,  fixed,  immutable.  Invariable,  resolute,  stedfast,  steady, 
unalterable,  unchanging,  uniform. — fick'l(e-ness8,  n. 

fl'co,  1  fi'ko;  2  fi'co,  n.  A  fig:  a  term  of  contempt  and  depre- 
ciation.   [It.]    ti'go;. 

Act.,  abbr.    Fiction. 

fic'til(e8,  1  fik'til;  2  fle'til,  a.  1.  Made  of  earth  or  clay; 
pertaining  to  pottery.  2.  Capable  of  being  molded; 
plastic.     [<  L.  fictilis,  <  fictus,  pp.  of  fingo,  form.] 

fic'tion,  1  fik'sTian;  2  fic'shon,  n.  1.  A  feigning  or  repre- 
senting of  that  which  is  not  true;  a  fabrication.  2.  Lit. 
The  department  of  literature  that  embraces  fictitious 
narrative;  also,  a  story  based  on  imagination;  a  novel. 
[<  L.  fictio(n-),  <  fictus,  pp.  of  fingo,  form.] 

Syn.:  allegory,  apolog,  fable,  fabrication,  falsehood,  fig- 
ment, invention,  legend,  myth,  novel,  romance,  story.  Fic- 
tion Is  now  chiefly  used  of  a  prose  work  in  narrative  form  in 
which  the  characters  are  partly  or  wholly  imaginary,  and 
which  is  designed  to  portray  human  life,  with  or  without  a 
practical  lesson;  a  romance  portrays  what  Is  picturesque  or 
striking,  as  a  mere  fiction  may  not  do;  novel  Is  a  general  name 
for  any  continuous  fictitious  narrative,  especially  a  love- 
story;  fiction  and  novel  are  used  with  little  difference  of 
meaning,  except  that  novel  characterizes  a  work  in  which  the 
emotional  element  Is  especially  prominent.  The  moral  of  the 
fable  Is  expressed  formally;  the  lesson  of  the  fiction,  If  any,  Is 
Inwrought.  A  fiction  Is  studied;  a  myth  grows  up  without. 
Intent.  A  legend  may  be  true,  but  can  not  be  historically 
verified;  a  myth  has  been  received  as  true  al  some  time.  Inn  Is 
now  known  to  be  false.  A  fabrication  Is  designed  to  deceive; 
It  Is  a  less  odious  word  than  falsehood,  but  is  really  stronger, 
as  a  falsehood  may  be  a  sudden  unpremeditated  statement, 

Willie  B,  fabrication  is  a  series  of  slalernenls  carefully  studied 
and  fitted  together  In  order  to  deceive;  the  falsehood  is  all 
false;  the  fabrication  may  mingle  the  true  with  the  false.     A 

figment  Is  something  imaginary  which  the  one  who  utters  It 

may  or  may  not  believe  to  be  I  rue;  we  say.  "That  stateineni 

is  a,  figment  of  his  Imagination."    The  story  may  be  either 

true  or  false,  and  covers  the  various  senses  of  all  the  words  In 
the  group.  Aj>Olog,  a  word  simply  transferred  from  Greek 
into  English,  Is  the  same  as  fable.  Compare  AX.LEG0RY, — 
Ant.:  certainty,  fact,  history,  llteralness,  reality,  truth, 
verity. 

— flc'tlon-al,  a.  Belonging  to  fiction:  Ideal— flo'tlon- 
Ist,  n.  One  who  writes  fiction  nc-tl'tlous,  a.  Imagi- 
nary; counterfeit;  false,  ficttj  flc 'tlOUSf .  Sim.:  Bee  COUN- 
TERFEIT; romantic  — He-tl'tlous-ly,  mlv.  flc-tl'tlous- 
ncss,  n.  flc'tlv(c8,  a.  Imaginary;  feigned;  counterfeit.— 
flc'tlv(e-ly8,  adv. 


•  llll> 


i  i        ..  .,,.•;  full,  rule;  but,  bOrnj 

.        i       ,  I  -  0;  kO,  not.  in,  ik'hi, 


:ios 


I  k 


rifl.i  .        i. 


ltd   .11.     hloi  K    . 


Ii. I    .11.  r 
ttll     II.  --II,  k  I  I 

II 

I  . 

i        . 
I 

I  I 

InlgVI-). 

I  (>  of  <>r 

'  I  tit'  nature  <if 

I  Dl  .  1111- 

•  lining 
L./ldu- 

uf  ii    p   ticm     or  <lis- 
i  under  feudal  ten- 

i  i  and  return  (it)  from 

for  tillago  or 

natu- 

■  •:  contest ;  a 

t  •    i  &  untry; 

mag- 
within 
6.   . 

III.  -r-> .    .       :     ■:<...*  |  .  ....  -y  art  II- 

.i  table  for  use 

I.    I,  ill,  r>  .  -      ol  Held" 

IDS.  -  f.'day,  n.    1. 

ad  evo- 

'.  A  college 

.y  of  outdoor 


V 


'. 

P\ 

"\yj( 

; 

h 

V 

Type. 

. 

i    lee,  n.    Ice 

i . 


1  !  i    The 

i    i.  ii  . 
1 

rnmonly  of 

f.  marshal,  fleer  of 

tke  high' 

Bwopaai 

f.  pit  i 

hunting,  shoot- 
ing, mod  racing,     l    *.,rk,    .      I.  ■  <:/servailona  or  perform- 


Fleldfare 


In  the  11,1,1.  n  !  tompo- 

i,i  keep  iin-  r.    i.  i ,,  hoi  I 

Unuo  :ni  i\  e  operal  loni 

t  i,  i.i  .       I.  Cyrus  West  (1810    1802),  a  New  York  merchant, 

.mi,-  cable,  1848,  and  a  at  nond  In 

I,  David  Dudlej  n  jurist; 

t.  Eugene  :     :    ,  ,     an   \nii  i  lean 

n,  i,i  i  ir,    .  \  I  uropean  thrush. 

\  ,  n.1,1.    |    /BfWI 

Melding.    1    flld  in.    2    feid'lng,    Henrj 
I  ,   i  >i    I,,.'  . 

net. 
Bend,  1  find;  2  f6nd,  n.     1.  An  evil  spir- 
ii ;  a  dovil;   d<  moo,     ?.   \  di  ( 
■     . 

Ilcllll'- 
|Sb,  -I\  .  -Ilc^s,    ,, 

fierce,  i  l  I. 

Bene  .  |  1 1    ■  mi'  a  violei 

I  nature  or  temper;   sav- 

i.  \  ii ilenl  in 

I,      3.  Vehement ; 

I  F  fit  r,  |iruU(l, 
I  ft  ru»,  wild  ] 
i  ferocious,  Dery,  furious. 
Impetuous,  raging,  savage,  un- 
cultivated, untrained,  violent,! 
wild.  /■')•  rci  Blgnlfli  a  ba\  Ing  a" 
/iirtiiu.,  and  cruel  nature,  or 
being  in  a  furiuus  and  cruel 
mood,  more  commonly  the  inner,  n  applies  i"  that  which 
Is  now  Intensely  excited,  nr  liable  to  Intense  and  sudden  ex- 
citement. Ferocious  refers  in  a  state  or  disposition;  that 
which  is//,  r,-,  Oash.ee  or  blazes;  that  w  h  i  stead- 

ily burns;  «  e  speak  of  a  /■  rociout  animal,  a  fli  ret  passion     \ 
fiery  spirit  with  a  good  disposition  is  quickly  excitable  In  a 
ii-,-.  inn  may  not  beflera  or/eroi  tgi  stgnl- 

ii  trained,  uncutittuted.    Ferocious  always  denotes  a  ten- 
olenci    II  i    more  distinct]  j  bloodthirsty  than  the 
other  words;  a  person  may  be  deeply,  Intensely  cruel,  and 
countenance  expresses  habil  - 
ual  ferocity;  a  flera    countenance  may   express  habitual 
"i-  only  the  sudden  aimer  ,,f  the  moment.     That 
which  Is  Wild  Is  simply  unrestrained;  Hie  word  may  lm] 

anger  or  harshness;  as,  wild  delight,  wild  alarm.    See  ardent; 
iiki.m.  —  Ant.:   affectionate,   docile,    gentle,   harmless,    kind, 
mild,  patient,  peaceful,  submissive,  sweet,  tame,  tender. 
— fleree'Iy,  adv. — fierce 'ness, 
fl'e-rl  fa'ci-as,  1  fni'i-rol  fe'sTn-as;  2  fl'e-rl  fa'shl-as.     Law. 
That  you  cause  to  be  made:  a  writ  of  execution  command- 
levy  on  goods,  etc..  to  satisfy  a  Judgment.    [I,.] 
Bt  r'\ ,  1  fuir'i;  2  flr'y,  a.    [fteh'i-eb;  fieb'i-est.]    <  >f,  per- 
ttg  t  i,  nr  like  fire;  glowing;  burning;  hoi ;  vehement; 
passlonittc;  spirited.     Syn.:  see  ahdent;  firece;  hot;   im- 
i-f.ti  his.     rier'l-ly,  adr—  fier'i-ness,  n. 
Fl-c'so-le,  1  fl-f'zo-le;  2  fi-e'so-Ig.  n.    1.  A  town  In  Tuscany, 

:  pop.  2,000.    2.  Fra  Giovanni  da,  see  Angelico. 
fi-es'ta,  1  fl-es'ta;  2  fi-es'ta,  n.    [Sp  1    A  feast'day:  holiday. 
fife,  1  fail ;  2  flf.    l.vt.&vi.     [fifed';  fif'ing.]    To  play, 
as   an    air,   on 

m 


Fife. 


fife;  play  the  fife.   QB 

II.    n.     Mus.     A 

small  shrill-toned 

flute-like    martial    wind*instrument.      [  <k.  F.    fijre,    < 

'  ilii .    pflfa,  pipe.]— fif'er,  n.    One  who  plays  the  life. 
tif-lecii',  1   fil'-iin';  2  flf-ten'.     I.  a.     Consisting  of  five 

more  t  ban  ten.    II.  n.    The  sum  of  ten  and  five,  or  the 

symbols  (15  or  XV)  representing  this  number.    [  <  AS. 

flf.  live,  -I-  tyn.  an.  ten.]— flf-teenth'.    I.  a.    1.  Fifth  In 

order  after  the  tenth.    2.  Being  one  of  flf  teen  equal  parts  of  a 

thing.     II.  n.    One  of  fifteen  equal  parts  of  anything. 
fifth,  1  fifth;  2  fifth.     I.  a.     1.  Next  in  order  after  the 

fourth.     1.  Being  one  of  five  equal  parts  of  a  thing.     II. 

-  ine  of  five  equal  parts  of  anything.— fifthly,  adv. 

fifty,  1  fif'ti;  2  fifty.    I.  a.    Consisting  of  ten  more  than 

forty  or  five  times  ten.     II.  n.     [fif'ties*,  pi.]     1.  The 
■  i  ten  and  forty;  five  times  ten.    'J.  The  symbols 

representing  this  number.    [  <  AS.  fiftig,  </t/,five,  + 
firtl-eth.    I.  a.    1.  Tenth  In  order  after  the 

fortieth.    2.  Being  one  of  fifty  equal  parts  of  a  thing.    II.  n. 

One  of  fifty  equal  parts. 
fig,   1   fig;  2  fig,  «•     [figged;  fig'ging.)  [Slang.]  To  dress; 

rig. 
Bgi  1.  The  small   pear«shaped  fruit  of  a  tree  of  the 

,J  Ficus,  cultivate,]  in  warm  climates.    2.  The  tree 
thefruil     fii;'=tree"t.    3.  Any  tree  or  plant 

bearing  a  fruit  somewhat  like  tin-  fig,  or  the  fruit  of  such 

B  tree  or  plant.      See  illus.  on  next  page.     4.  [Colloq.]  A 

petty  matter;  trifle. 
fig.,  abbr.    Figurative,  figuratively,  figure. 


l:a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    Iu  =  f«/d;    cliin;    go;    Tj  =  s\ng;    thin,   this.  «f,VS 

309  2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   bQrn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  nllip 


Branch  of  a 
Fi  g=t ree, 
showing 
Leaves  and 
Fruit. 

a.  Fruit. 


fight,  1  fait;  2  fit,  v.  [fought;  fight'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
contend  with;  contest.  2.  To  carry  on  or  through  (a 
contest  of  any  kind).  3.  To  manage  or  direct  in  battle; 
cause  to  fight.  II.  i.  To 
contend  or  strive;  give 
battle. 
Syn.:  see  contend. 
— fight 'er,  n.  One  who 
fights;  a  combatant ;  war- 
rior.— fight'ing.  I.  a.  1. 
Qualified,  equipped, 
trained,  or  ready  to  fight; 
active  in  war  or  battle.  2. 
Of,  pertaining  to,  suitable  / 
for,  engaged  in,  or  used  L 
for  conflict.  II.  n.  Strife;  v 
battle;  conflict. 

fight,  n.  1.  Strife  or  strug- 
gle between  adversaries; 
battle;  conflict;  combat. 
2.  Power  or  disposition 
to  fight;  pugnacity.  3t-  A  temporary  bulwark  or  screen 
on  a  ship  when  in  action,  to  conceal  the  men.  [  <  AS. 
feoht,  <  feahtan,  fight.]     Syn.:  see  battle. 

fig'nient,  1  fig'ment  or  -msnt;  2  fig'ment,  n.  Something 
imagined  or  feigned;  a  fiction.     [<  L.LL  fingo,  form.] 

fig'u-line,  1  fig'yu-lin  or  -lain;  2  fig'yu-lin  or  -lin,  n.  1.  Fictile 
ware;  any  object  made  of  potters'  clay,  especially  if  deco- 
rated. 2.  Potters'  clay.  [<  L.  llgullnus,  <  figulus,  potter, 
<  fingo,  form.] 

fig'ure,  1  fig'yur;  2  fig'yux,  v.     [fig'ured;  fig'ur-ing.] 

1.  t.  1.  To  form  an  image  of;  design;  depict.  2.  To 
mark  with  figures  or  designs.  3.  To  form  an  idea  or 
mental  image  of;  imagine.  4.  To  mark  with  or  denote 
by  figures  or  numerals;  compute;  calculate.  5.  To  sym- 
bolize; prefigure.  6.  Mus.  (1)  To  embellish.  (2)  To 
mark  with  figures  or  characters,  indicating  accom- 
panying chords.  II.  i.  1.  To  make  a  figure;  take  a 
part;  be  prominent  or  conspicuous.  2.  To  make  a  com- 
putation; cipher. — fig'ur-a-bl(ep,  a.  Capable  of  being 
brought  to  or  retained  in  a  fixed  form  or  shape. — fig'u-ral, 
a.    1.  Represented  by  or  consisting  of  figures  or  delineation. 

2.  Mus.  Figurate. — fig'ur-ate,  a.  1.  Having  a  definite  or 
characteristic  figure  or  shape;  resembling  anything  of  defi- 
nite form.  2.  Mus.  Florid;  figured. — fig"ur-a'tion,  n.  1. 
The  act  or  process  of  shaping  something  or  of  marking  with 
a  figure  or  figures.  2.  External  form  or  shape. — flg'ur-a- 
tlv(eB,  a.  1.  Not  literal;  metaphorical;  symbolic.  2  Or- 
nate; florid.  3.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  representation  of  form 
or  figure,    -ly,  adv.    -ncss,  n. — fig'ur-er,  n. 

fig'ure,  n.  1.  Visible  form;  shape;  outline;  contour.  2.  A 
diagram,  drawing,  representation,  or  likeness.  3.  A 
type,  as  of  something  to  come.  4.  An  active  or  con- 
spicuous person  or  character.  5.  Appearance,  especially 
distinguished  appearance;  distinction.  6.  A  character 
representing  a  number,  especially  one  of  the  Arabic 
numerals;  hence,  amount;  price;  value.  7.  One  of  the 
regular  movements  of  a  dance.  8.  Metaphorical,  pic- 
torial, or  poetic  language.  [F.,  <  L.  figura,  <  fingo, 
form.]. 

Syn.:  appearance,  aspect,  attribute,  comparison,  delinea- 
tion, diagram,  drawing,  emblem,  form.  Illustration,  image, 
likeness,  metaphor,  simile,  similitude,  shape,  symbol,  type. 
Figure  Is  the  general  term,  including  all  representation  of 
form  to  the  eye,  as  in  drawing,  painting,  or  sculpture,  and  also 
the  form  Itself  that  may  be  so  represented.  Figure  is  also  the 
general  word  for  representation  of  anything  to  the  mind, 
as  by  illustration,  metaphor,  or  syynbol.  An  image  is  a  visi- 
ble representation,  especially  in  sculpture,  having  or  sup- 
posed to  have  a  close  resemblance  to  thai  which  it,  repre- 
sents. A  type  is  in  religion  a  representation  of  a  greater 
reality  to  come;  we  speak  of  one  object  as  the  type  of  the 
class  whose  characteristics  it  exhibits,  as  In  the  case  of  ani- 
mal or  vegetable  types.  An  attribute  in  art,  Is  some  acces- 
sory used  to  characterize  a  figure  or  scene;  the  attribute  is 
often  an  emblem  or  symbol;  thus  the  eagle  Is  the  attribute  of 
St.  John  as  an  emblem  of  lofty  spiritual  vision.  Compare 
ALLEGORY;  ATTRIBUTE;  EMBLEM;  FORM:  IMAGE;  SIGN; 
SIMILE. 

— flg'urc-head",  n.    1.  A  carved  or  ornamental  figure  on 

the  prow  of  a  vessel.    2.  A  person  supposedly  In  authority, 

but  really  without,  influence. 
flg"u-rlne',  1  flg"yu-rln';  2  flg"yu-ri'n',  n.     A  small  figure  or 

attached  group  of  figures,  especially  In  tcrra»cotta  or  Ivory; 

a  statuette. 
flg'wort",  1  flg'wOrt";  2  flg'wurt",  n.     Any  of  various  plants 

or  herbs  with  small  dark»colored  flowers,  formerly  supposed 

to  cure  scrofula. 
Fi'Ji  Islands,  1  fl'jl;  2  fi'Ji.    A  British  archipelago  C7.43.r>  so. 

m.;  pop.  159,321)  In  the  S.  Pacific;  capital,  Suva. — Fl'Jl-aii, 

a.  &  n.    Fee'JeeJ. 


fi-la'ceous,  1  fi-le'snus;  2  fl-la'shus,  a.  Consisting  of  threads 
or  thread-like  parts;  filamentous.     [<   L.  /Hum,  thread.] 

fil'a-gree,  a.  &  n.    Same  as  FILIGREE. 

fil'a-ment,  1  fil'a-ment  or  -mant;  2  fil'a-ment,  n.  A  fine 
thread  or  fiber,  or  something  resembling  it.  [  <  L.  filum, 
thread.]— ni"a-men'tous,  a.  Like,  consisting  of,  or  bearing 
filaments;  threadlike.     nT'a-men'ta-ryi. 

fi'lar,  lfai'lar;2  fi'lar,  a.  1.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  characterized 
by  a  thread  or  threads;  thread-like.  2.  Having  fine  threads 
across  the  field  of  view.    [  <  L.  filum,  thread.J 

lil'a-lure,  1  fil'a-chur  or  -tiur;  2  fil'a-chur  or  -tur.  n.  The  act 
or  process  of  forming  threads  or  of  reeling  off  raw  silk  from 
cocoons',  also,  an  apparatus  or  establishment  for  reeling  silk, 
etc.    [<  LL.  filatura,  art  of  spinning,  <  L.  filum,  thread.] 

fil'bert,  1  fil'bort;  2  fil'bert,  n.  The  edible  nut  of  the 
European  or  the  Oriental  hazel.  2.  The  bushy  shrub 
or  small  tree  that  bears  the  nut. 

filch',  1  fildh;  2  filch,  vt.  To  steal  slyly  and^in  small 
amounts;  pilfer.    Syn.:  see  steal.  —  flleh'er,  n. 

file1,  1  fail;  2  fll.  1.  vt.  [filed;  fil'ing.]  To  cut,  reduce, 
smooth,  or  sharpen  with  a  file.  II.  n.  A  hard  steel 
abrading  or  smoothing  instrument.     [  <  AS.  feol.] 

file2,  l.vt.&vi.  1.  To  put  on  file,  as  papers,  for  reference, 
etc.  2.  To  march  in  file,  as  soldiers.  II.  n.  1.  Any  de- 
vice, as  a  pointed  wire,  to  keep  papers  in  order  for  refer- 
ence. 2.  A  collection  of  papers  or  documents  arranged 
systematically  for  reference.  3.  Mil.  A  row  of  men 
standing  or  marching  one  behind  another.  4.  A  roll; 
list.  [F.,  <  L.  filum,  thread.]  — file 'fish",  n.  A  fish 
with  roughly  granulated  skin,  sometimes  used  instead  of 
sandpaper. — file'=lead"er,?i.  Mil.  The  front-rank  man  of  a 
file. — Indian  file,  single  file:  the  order  in  which  tbe  Ameri- 
can Indians  usually  proceed. — single  f.,  an  arrangement 
of  persons  or  things  one  behind  another  in  a  single  line. 

file||3,  vt.    To  defile;  sully.     [<  AS.  fylan,  <  fUl,  foul.] 

fil'ial,  1  fil'yal;  2  fil'yal,  a.  Of.  pertaining  to,  or  befitting 
a  son  or  daughter;  due  to  parents.  [  <  filius,  son;  filia, 
daughter.]    -ly,  adv. 

fil"i-a'tion,  1  fil"i-e'snan;  2  fil"i-a'shon.  n.  1.  The  relation  of 
a  child  to  a  parent.  2.  Law.  The  judicial  determination  of 
parentage;  affiliation.    3.  Causal  connection. 

fil'i-beg,  1  fil'i-beg;  2  fil'i-beg,  n.  [Scot.]  A  kilt  of  the  modern 
fashion,  as  distinguished  from  the  earlier  great  kilt,  which 
covered  the  body.  [<  Gael.  feileadh°beag,  <  feileadh,  kilt, 
+  beag,  small.]     fil'li-begt;  phil'e-begt;  phil'li-begj. 

fil'i-bus"ter,  1  fll'i-bus"tar;  2  fil'i-bus"ter.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1. 
To  act  the  part  of  a  filibuster.  2.  [U.  S.]  To  delay  legisla- 
tion by  dilatory  tactics.  II.  n.  1.  A  freebooter.  2.  One 
who  attempts  to  obstruct  legislation  by  filibustering.  3. 
One  engaged  in  an  unlawful  military  expedition  into  a  for- 
eign country.  [<  Sp.r+D  filibustcro.]  fil'i-bus"ter-erj; 
fil'li-bus"tert. 

fil'i-form,  1  fil'i-form;  2  fil'i-form,  a.  Thread-like;  filamen- 
tous; thready.    [<  L.  filum,  thread,  +  -form.1 

fil'i-gree,  1  fil'i-gri;  2  fil'i-gre.  I.  a.  Made  of  or  adorned 
with  filigree;  fanciful.  II.  n.  1.  Delicate  ornamental 
work  formed  of  intertwisted  gold  or  silver  win.  'I. 
Anything  fanciful  and  delicate,  but  unserviceable. 
[<  L.sp+Ffiiu?n,  thread,  +  granum, grain.]  nl'a-greej;  fll'- 
l-grain;  [Archaic];  fil'l-granet  [Archaic].  —  fil'i-gree  = 
work",  n.    Same  as  FILIGREE. 

fil'ing,  1  fail'in;  2  fil'ing,  n.  1.  The  act  or  process  of  using 
a  file.     2.  A  particle  removed  by  a  file. 

FH"i-pl'no,  1  fil"i-pi'no;  2  fll"l-pi'no,  n.  [-NA.fem.]  A  native 
of  the  Philippine  Islands. 

fill,  \  1  fil;  2  fil,  v.    I.  t.    1.  To  make  full;  cause  the  whole 

fil1', )  available  space  or  capacity  of  to  be  occupied.  2.  To 
occupy  the  whole  available  space  or  capacity  of;  per- 
vade. 3.  To  supply  abundantly;  satisfy;  glut.  4.  To 
furnish  with  or  occupy  as  an  incumbent;  perform  the 
duties  pertaining  to  (an  office,  etc.).  5.  To  bring  to 
the  desired  level,  shape,  smoothness,  or  solidity  by 
introducing  other  material;  hence,  to  adulterate,  as 
soap.  II.  i.  1.  To  become  full  or  replete;  become 
plump  or  distended.  2.  To  pour  liquid  into  a  glass, 
cup,  or  the  like;  draw  or  pour  a  vessel  full,  [<  AS. 
fyllan,  <  ful,  full.]  Syn.:  see  satisfy,  lill'er.  n.  One 
who  or  that,  which  fills,  as  a  composition  for  lining  pores  in 
wood  before  painting,  tobacco  for  the  Inside  of  cigars,  etc.— 
Hiring,  n.  Something  used  to  1)11  a  cavity  or  vacant  space; 
as,  a  filling  of  gold  for  a  tooth. 

fill1,  n.  That  which  fills  or  is  sufficient  to  fill;  a  full 
supply.     [  <  AS.  fyllu,  fulness.] 

fill2,  n.  [Dial.]   A   thill.— fill  Miorsc",  n,      \   shaft -horse. 

fll'leto,  1  fll'et;  2  fll'et,  vt.  To  bind  with  a  lillel  or  band;  Tar- 
nish or  adorn  with  a  Illlet,  or  fillet 

fil'let,  n.     1.  A  narrow  band  or  ribbon,  as  for  binding  the 
hair.     2.  A  strip  of  lean  meat;  also,  a   thick  flat  slico 
of  fish  without,  the  bone.     •'{-    \   thin  band,  strip,  en- 
graved line,   ii  molding,    [OF.,  <  L.  filum,  thread.] 
fll 'lip,  1  fil'ip;  2  fll'ip.    I',  vt.    To  strike  or  impel  by  or  as 


Illll|x-rn 

iirm 


(       \  I  i         ■>      ■     |A;  not.  or:  full,  rfl!e:  l)nt,  bOrn; 

i     .1  i      i  i ■.   I  «■  6;   I m  |;  no.  not,  oi,  \\6n,       S10 


II  I 


film. 


•  I   ir.il. 
II 

II. Ml. 


«     Willi    tin-    .11.1    ol 

'  ■  mint  .'I 

rur  | 

l|»l  N  » 

Mill  ir.l 

I.  A 

I  -   nielii- 

i      3. 

l  I  I  I  :,    n   ] 

il    >  . 

i    '.tum.  thread  ) 

l.l     pass  through  a 

liquid  by  :i 

I 

tl  i.\  Dltratlon      Bi- 
ol altering, 
r  porous  su  d  as  a 

;  urifying  liquids. 


tilth. 


Glee,  or 

ll,  .lirtv.  nr  uli- 

<  fill; 

tilth),  niiii'i-n:.  TWTB'l-tST.]    Of  the 

■  rouL. 
mill  i-i>  .  tilth  i-n.  --. 

Mm  hrl-al.  .  rl-ftt.  r.    [-at"io  ' .  -  m -in..  : 

\..flm- 

iini  tirl-.ii.  .  ;ed;  flm- 

brt»t.  Inn   l.rl-c.ii. ■:.      tun  'hrl-at"cd,    ;•■'■      Having   a 

-*<«;  fimbriate     tim  'brl-cat  "id  ; . 

Inn    t.n-.i  '11. .ii. 

1.  A  mem]  ,- from  the 

I ua tic  animal,  serving  to  propel, 

r,     >>  •   i  IBH.     2.  A  fin-like 

'  i  some  implement. 

im    Rah",       pi.    True  fish:  op- 

:•  ->:  ■■     '....-.•   -.      tin  'h--s,       u  ithnut  Una. 

t 

(In.  Kin.,    Unn.,  abbr.     Finnish.  — fln., 

[line. 
'  n'a-bl.  a.    Liable  to  or  Involving  a 
ti  nil.  I.        I.  Pertaining  to  or  coming 

Z.  Precluding,  or  mak- 
n  or  controversy;  condu- 
ct, i  r  consisting  in  th< 

II.         Something 

final;  that  which  makes  an  end! 

■  parate.] — final 

rau-.  :  t.,  be  reached  i»y  an  action  or 

he.  .-->;.     fi'nal-lst,   n.      In 

In  the  final  round,  as 

ti-nall-l>.  flEB*,  pi.]     1. 

.1       2.  A  final,  conclusive. 

"  li'nal-lj  ,  adv. 

':-"  I  !•  1.  '1  he  laal  act,  j>.-irt ,  or 

I  he  last  movement;  concluding 

nun.' 

fl-nain  ■  &  rt.     [fi-nanced'<; 

II  It,  r. 
h-iiin.' •'.  1.  •    ry  affairs.      2. 

inds;  revenue; 
:  lural.     [F.] 
•i-tiiii  .i.l.  .:    2  fi-nan'ahal,  a.    Of  or  per- 

.' 
fi^n_-  nam  words  all  relate 

rietary  relates  to 
■  try  system;  a 
■  M.ti  money  is  transferred. 
' 

-.  Willi 

Financial  ap- 
:    •-•-:-  '•   .•   •.  •  ri.rn.  r.'.il  revenues  or  expenditures,  or 

"P'  peak  of 

.  Dterprlse;  we  gtve  a 

col  applies  to 
"■   ■'■'»•■   "•  >•  finances  or  accounts;  It  is  com- 

-         '•■••-.    rather  than  the  financial  year. 

tin'  in-i  Icr'.      I.    u     A  I    ■ 

fln»nr.  :  oanclal  operations.    II.  n. 

:-.fTalrs. 
'   Z  fln'bak*.  n.    A  whale  having  a  dorsal 

(Inch,  .  ch,  n.    A  Bmall  seed'eating  bird,  as  a 


Crceliflncll 


bunting,  sparrow,  grosbeak,  bullfinch,  goldfinch,  green- 
finoh  ifnnoh    .>i  weaver*bira       [<   KB. fine] 

il ■  ni.  l  faind;  8  find,  i     [foi  nd;  rorn'iMQ 
l.l      I.  To  discos  .1   ..r  in.  .1 
with  aocidentallj  .  chance  up- 
on; Fall  in  with      '.'.    i 
r  ascertain  bj 

idy;  learn  by  experience; 
perceive;  ascertain.  3.  To 
r.  ach;  arm e  al    I.   /  I .. 

decide  alter  judicial  investi- 
gation. 5.  To  furnish;  pro- 
vide; supply j  also,  to  support;  provide  for    II.  i.  Law. 

ader  a  judicial  decision      [<  AS.  findan.] 

Syn.-   see  ins.  ..\  i  n 

lo  hint  fault  with,  to  blame.     Syn.:  see  complain;  HE- 
PBOvn.      t<>   Hud   OUt,    to  detect;   discover      Syn.:  see   ins- 

...\mc  ilnd'er,  ?i  Onewl r  that  which  Onds;  specifi- 
cally, an  attachment  in  a  telescope,  microscope,  or  camera,  to 
locate  an  object  In  the  Held  of  view,  Bnd'lng.n.  I.  The 
act  of  finding,  or  thai  which  Is  found;  discovery;  a  verdict, 

2.  Bupport;  expense;  In  the  plural,  small  tools  and  supplies, 

(III  lie  sie'ile,  1  fan  d.i  s>  iVM.  2  fan  de  sye't  1.     Literally,  end 

of  the  century;  befitting  the  close  of  the  19th  century,  up  to 
date,    [K]  [mulct. 

Hne1, 1  fain;  2  fin,  vi.  [i  nncn;  i  in'in.;  ]  To  punish  by  fine; 

line-',  l.t.  To  refine.  II.  i.  1.  To  become  purified,  thin, 
..r  slender;  with  down.  2.  To  melt,  or  fade  gradually. 
(<  fine,  a.)— fln'er.  n.    A  refiner 

fine,  <i  (kin'f.h;  fin'est  ]  1.  Excellent  in  quality;  admi- 
rable; beautiful;  elegant.  2.  Suggesting  lightness;  light 
or  delicate;  not  coarse,  gross,  or  dull;  subtile;  thin;  keen. 

3.  Showy  in  appearance  or  style;  pretentious:  ostenta- 
tious. 4.  Delicate  of  perception;  refined;  sensitive;  nice. 
.).  Refined,  as  sirup;  pure.  6.  Distinguished  or  note- 
worthy. 7.  Enjoyable;  pleasant.  [  <  F.  fin,  <  L.  finio, 
finish] 

Syn.:  beautiful,  clarified,  clear,  comminuted,  dainty,  deli- 
cate, elegant,  excellent,  exquisite,  gauzy,  handsome,  keen, 
minute,  nice,  polished,  pure,  refined,  s.  nsii  Ive,  sharp,  slender. 
Slight,  small,  smooth,  splendid,  subtile,  subtle,  tenuous,  thin. 
Fin*  {I.,  finis,  end)  denotes  that  which  has  I. een  brought  to  a 
full  end.  finished.  From  this  mot-sense  many  derived  mean- 
ings branch  out.  causing  words  quite  remote  from  each  other 
to  be  alike  synonyms  ot  fine.  That  which  is  truly  finished. 
brought  to  an  Ideal  end,  is  excellent  of  its  kind,  and  beautiful, 
if  a  thing  that  admits  of  beauty;  as.  a  fine  house,  fine  trees,  a 
flnt  woman,  a  fine  morning;  If  a  thing  that  admits  of  the  re- 
move of  impurities.  It  Is  not  finished  till  these  are  removed, 
and  hence  fine  signifies  clarified,  clear,  pure,  refined;  as,  fine 
gold.  That  which  is  finished  is  apt  to  be  polished,  smooth  to 
the  touch,  minutely  exact  In  outline;  hence  fine  comes  to  be 
a  synonym  for  all  words  like  dainty,  delicate,  exquisite;  as, 
fine  manners,  a  fine  touch,  fine  perceptions.  As  that  which 
la  '/'  licate  Is  apt  to  be  small,  by  an  easy  extension  of  meaning 
fini  becomes  a  synonym  for  slender,  slight,  minute,  comminut- 
ed; as,  a.  fine  thread,  fine  sand;  or  tor  filmy,  tenuous,  thin;  as. 
a  fine  lace,  fine  wire;  and  as  a  thin  edge  is  keen,  sharp,  fine  be- 
comes also  a  synonym  for  these  words;  as.  a  fine  point,  a  fine 
edge.  Compare  beautiful;  excellent;  minute;  taste- 
ful.—Ant.:  big,  blunt,  clumsy,  coarse,  great,  heavy,  huge. 
Immense,  large,  rude,  stout,  thick. 

flne'sdrawn",  a.  Drawn  out  finely,  as  wire:  hence,  de- 
veloped very  subtly  or  too  subtly. — flne'ly,  adv.— fine'- 
ness,  n.  1.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  hue.  2.  The 
proportion  of  the  principal  metal  In  an  alloy.  31|.  Finesse. 
— fln'er-y,  n.  [-iE.sz.pL]  1.  Showy  decoration.  3{.  Beauty; 
agreeablcness;  fineness.  Syn.:  see  gaud.  —  tlne'sspun",  a. 
I  >rawn  or  spun  out  to  an  extreme  degree  of  tenuity;  hence, 
subtle. 

fine,  n.  1.  A  pecuniary  penalty;  the  money  so  required. 
2t.  End;  conclusion;  death.  [  <  F.  fin,  final  payment.] 
— In  fine,  Anally.— flne'lesst,  a.    Without  end;  eternal. 

flne'draw",  1  fuln'dro";  2  fTn'dra",  rL  1.  To  sew  or  close  up, 
as  a  rent,  so  that  the  Joining  Is  imperceptible.  2.  To  draw 
out,  as  wire,  to  an  extreme  degree  of  fineness. 

fl-nessc',  1  fi-nes';  2  fi-nfs'.  I.  vi.  [fi-nessed'1  ;  fi-ness'- 
i.N<i  ]  To  make  use  of  artifice.  II.  n.  1.  Subtle  con- 
trivance; artifice;  stratagem.  2.  Dexterity;  artfulness; 
skill,    pp.,  <  fln,  fine.)    Syn.:  see  artifice;  deception. 

Kin-gal',  1  IhVgSl'  or  fin't;;.!:  2  fin-gal'  or  fln'gal,  n.  Hero  of 
an  epic  poem  Fingal;  authorship  yet  in  dispute. — Flngal's 
Cave,  a  large  basaltic  cavern  In  Staffa  Island,  Scotland, 
partly  filled  with  sea«water. 

lin  'hit,  1  fir/gar;  2  fTn'ger.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  touch  with 
or  as  with  the  fingers;  toy  or  tamper  with;  purloin. 
2.  To  use  the  fingers,  as  in  playing  upon  or  handling 
something.  II.  n.  1.  One  of  the  digits  of  the  hand,  ex- 
cluding or  including  the  thumb.  2.  Any  small  project- 
ing piece  or  part.  See  hand.  3.  A  measure  of  length. 
(1)  A  finger-breadth.    (2)  The  length  of  the  middle  fin- 


1:8  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  o«t;    ell;    10  =  feud;    chin;    go;    0  =  einff;    thin,   this. 
311      2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  b6y;  go.,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


filliped! 
linn 


ger.  4.  A  measure  of  depth,  equal  to  the  width  of  the 
finger.  [<  AS.  finger.]— fin 'ger aboard",  n.  1.  A 
guide-board  bearing  a  pointing  finger.  2.  In  stringed  instru- 
ments, the  strip  of  wood  upon  which  the  strings  are  pressed 
by  the  fingers  of  the  player.  3.  In  instruments  of  the  piano 
or  organ  class,  a  keyboard. — f.=bowI,  re.  A  bowl  containing 
water  for  cleansing  the  fingers  at  table  after  eating,  f.  = 
gtasst.— fin'ger-breadth",  re.  A  measure  of  length;  the 
breadth  of  a  finger:  one-quarter  of  a  palm. — f.*post,  re.  A 
post  bearing  finger-boards. — f. sprint,  re.  An  impression  of 
the  inner  surface  of  the  last  joint  of  a  thumb  or  finger,  which, 
on  account  of  its  varying  lines  in  every  individual,  is  valu- 
able for  the  identification  of  criminals.  Syn.:  see  mark. — 
f . stall,  re.    A  cover  to  protect  a  finger. 

lin  'ger-ing,  re.  1.  The  act  of  touching  or  feeling  with  the  fin- 
gers. 2.  Mus.  (1)  The  order  of  using  the  fingers  in  playing 
an  instrument,  as  the  flute  or  piano.  (2)  A  notation  indicat- 
ing what  fingers  are  to  be  used. 

fin'i-al,  1  fin'i-al;  2  fin'i-al,  re.  An  ornament  at  the  apex  of  a 
spire,  pinnacle,  or  the  like;  any  terminal  part  pointing  up- 
ward,   t  <  L-  finis;  see  fine,  a.\ 

fln'i-cal,  1  fin'i-kal;  2  fin'i-cal,  a.    Overnice  or  fastidious 
in  dress,  manners,  and  the  like,    fin'it't;  fin'ick-ingj; 
fln'ick-yt;  fin'1-kinj.     Syn.:  see  squeamish. 
— fin"i-cal'i-ty,  «.— fin 'i-cal-ly,  adv. 

fl'nls,  1  fai'nis:  2  fi'nis,  re.     The  end.     [L.] 

fin'ish',  1  fin'isb;  2  fin'ish,  v.  1. 1.  To  complete  or  bring 
to  an  end;  perfect  finally  or  in  detail.  II.  i.  To  reach 
or  come  to  an  end;  cease.  [<  L.OF  finio,  <  finis;  see 
FINE,  a.] 

Syn.:  accomplish,  achieve,  bring  to  an  end,  close,  com- 
plete, conclude,  elaborate,  end,  get  done,  perfect,  polish, 
put  an  end  to,  terminate.  In  addition  to  its  meaning  of 
bringing  to  an  end,  by  which  it  is  synonymous  with  close, 
complete,  conclude,  end,  terminate,  etc.,  finish  has  come  to 
denote  the  bringing  to  perfection  of  every  minutest  detail, 
especially  of  superficial  elegance,  refinement,  or  beauty, 
and  is  thus  a  close  synonym  of  elaborate,  perfect,  polish, 
etc.,  as  in  the  expression  "to  add  the  finishing  touches." 
Compare  end,  v.  —  Ant.:  commence,  enter  upon,  found, 
inaugurate,  initiate,  institute,  make  a  beginning,  open, 
originate,  set  about,  start,  undertake.  Compare  syno- 
nyms for  BEGINNING. 

— fin'ished,  pa.  Carried  to  a  high  degree  of  perfection; 
complete;  polished.    Syn.: see  perfect;  ripe.— fin'lsh-er,  re. 

fin'ish,  n.    1.  The  conclusion  or  completion  of  anything. 
2.  Perfection  in  detail;  polish. 
Syn.:  see  end. 

Fln"is-tere',  1  fin"is-tSr';  2  fin'is-ter',  n.  A  cape,  the  most 
westerly  point  of  France. 

Fin"is-terre',  1  fin"is-ter';  2  fin"Is-ter',  n.  A  cape,  the  most 
westerly  point  of  Spain,  Coruna  province. 

fi'nite,  1  fai'nait;  2  fl'nit.  I.  a.  1.  Having  bounds  or  lim- 
its: opposed  to  infinite;  limited;  bounded.  2.  Gram.  Lim- 
ited by  number  and  person :  opposed  to  infinitive.  II.  n. 
Finite  things  collectively,  or  that  which  is  finite.  [  <  L. 
finitus;  see  fine,  a.]  -iy,  adv. — fi'nite-ness,  n.  The  state 
or  quality  of  being  finite. 

fin"l-tes'i-mal,  1  fin'i-tes'i-mal;  2  fln"i-tes'l-mal,  a.  Math. 
Denoted  by  the  ordinal  of  a  finite  number. 

Kin 'bind,  1  fin'land;  2  fln'land,  n.  A  country  (125,689  sq. 
m.;  pop.  3,277,100),  N.  W.  Russia.— Gulf  of  Finland,  an 
arm  of  the  Baltic  sea,  S.  of  Finland. 

fin'sllkc",  1  fln'=laik";2  fin'-lik",a.  Shaped  like  a  fin,  as  an  oar. 

Finn,  1  fin:  2  fin,  n.  A  member  of  the  Finnic  race;  also,  a  na- 
tive of  Finland.— Finn 'lc,  1  fin'ik;  2  fln'ic.  I.  a.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  the  Finns  or  their  language.  II.  re.  The 
language  of  the  Finns,  in  the  widest  sense. — Flnn'ish.  I. 
a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  Finland  or  the  Finns.  II.  n.  The 
language  of  ttie  Finns  proper. 

fiii ' u ;i 1 1  had"dock,  1  fin'an=had"ak;2  fIn'an=had"ok,  re.  [Scot.) 
Smoked  haddock ;  originally  cured  in  peat-smoke  at  Flndon, 
Scotland,     lin  'nan  ;had"dle  \. 

fin'ny,  1  fin'i;2  ffn'y,  a.    Having  fins;  fish«like. 

Fin.  Sec,  abbr.    Financial  Secretary. 

fiord,  1  fyerd;  2  fyord,  n.  A  long  and  narrow  arm  of  the 
sea,  with  high  rocky  banks.     [ <  Norw.  fjord.]    fjord]:. 

fir,  1  fur;  2  fir,  n.  An  evergreen  tree  of  the  pine  family,  or 
one  of  various  trees  resembling  it.  [<  Ice.  fura,  fir.] 
flr'=trec"t. 

fir.,  abbr.    Firkin. 

Flr-dau'sl,  1  flr-dau'sl;  2  fir-dou'si,  re.  Pseudonym  of  Ahul 
Caslm  Mansur  (0307-1020),  a  Persian  epic  poet.  Flr- 
du'slt. 

fire,  1  fair;  2  fir,  v.  [fired;  fir'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  set  on 
fire;  affect  by  fire;  kindle;  bake.  2.  To  explode,  as 
powder;  discharge,  as  a  firearm;  impel,  as  from  a  gun; 
hurl.  3.  To  inflame;  excite.  4.  To  make  shine  as  if  on 
fire;  cause  to  glow;  illuminate.  5.  Vet  Surf/.  To  cauter- 
ize.  <!.  [Slang,  1 I .  S]  To  discharge,  as  from  employment 

II.  i.  1.  To  take  fire;  be  kindled,  inflamed,  or  excited. 
2.  To  discharge  firearms;  hurl  missiles.    3.  To  ring  all 


bells  at  once,  as  in  a  peal.  [  <  AS.  fyrian,  <  fyr,  fare.] 
Syn.:  see  incense. 
fire,  n.  1.  The  evolution  of  heat  and  light  by  combustion; 
also,  the  combustion  thus  manifested,  especially  the 
flame,  or  the  fuel  as  burning.  2.  The  discharge  of  fire- 
arms. 3.  A  spark  or  sparks;  a  light,  luster,  or  flash.  4. 
Intensity  of  feeling  or  action;  ardor;  passion;  vivacity. 
5.  Any  raging  evil;  affliction;  trial.  [<  AS.  fyr.]  fieri; 
fyrt. 

Syn.:  blaze,  burning,  combustion,  conflagration,  flame. 
Combustion  is  the  essential  fact  which  is  at  the  basis  of  that 
assemblage  of  visible  phenomena  which  we  call  fire;  com- 
bustion being  the  continuous  chemical  combination  of  a  sub- 
stance with  some  element,  as  oxygen,  evolving  heat,  and  ex- 
tending from  slow  processes,  such  as  those  by  which  the  heat 
of  the  human  body  is  maintained,  to  the  processes  producing 
the  most  intense  light  also,  as  in  a  blast-furnace,  or  on  the 
surface  of  the  sun.  Fire  is  always  attended  with  light,  as 
well  as  heat;  blaze,  flame,  etc.,  designate  the  mingled  light 
and  heat  of  a  fire.  Combustion  is  the  scientific,  fire  the  popu- 
lar term.  A  conflagration  is  an  extensive  fire.  Compare  light. 

— firc'sa-larm",  re.  1.  An  alarm  calling  attention  to 
a  fire  or  its  whereabouts.  2.  An  apparatus  for  giving  an 
alarm  of  fire,  especially  a  telegraphic  alarm. — fire'arm", 
re.  Any  weapon  from  which  a  missile,  as  a  bullet,  is  hurled 
by  an  explosive,  as  gunpowder.— fire'back",  re.  1.  The 
rear  wall  of  a  furnace  or  fireplace.  2.  One  of  various  Ma- 
layan pheasants,  having  the  plumage  of  the  back  a  bright 
metallic  red. — flre'board",  n.  A  board  to  close  a  fireplace 
when  not  used;  chimney-board. —  l.hoat,  re.  A  steamboat 
provided  with  fire-extinguishing  apparatus:  used  to  protect 
shipping  and  wharves. — f.=box,  n.  The  chamber  in  which 
the  fuel  of  a  locomotive  is  burnt. — fire'brand",  n.  1.  A 
burning  or  glowing  piece  of  wood  or  other  substance.  2. 
An  incendiary;  a  mischief-maker. —  f. =brick,  re.  A  brick 
made  of  fire-clay.  —  f.sday,  re.  Clay  containing  nothing 
fusible. — f.scompany,  re.  1.  A  company  of  men  employed 
to  extinguish  fires.  2.  A  fire-insurance  company.  —  fire'- 
crack"er,  re.  A  firework  made  of  a  small  paper  cylinder 
charged  with  gunpowder.  —  I.  damp,  re.  An  explosive  gas 
(chiefly  carbureted  hydrogen)  generated  in  coal-mines. — f. 
department,  that  part  of  the  public  service,  including  build- 
ings, flre=extinguishing  apparatus,  and  men,  devoted  to  the 
prevention  or  extinguishment  of  fires.  —  f.  dog,  re.  An  and- 
iron.— fire'drake",  n.  1.  A  meteor.  2.  A  sort  of  firework. 
3t.  A  dragon  or  fiery  serpent. — f.seater,  n.  1.  A  juggler 
who  pretends  to  eat  fire.  2.  A  hot-headed  person  eager  for 
fight  or  quarrel. — f.=engtne,  n.  An  engine  for  pumping 
water  through  hose  to  extinguish  fires. — f.=escape,  n.  A 
ladder  or  other  device  furnishing  a  means  of  escape  from  a 
burning  building.— f.=flaught,  re.  [Scot.]  1.  A  flash  of  light- 
ning, particularly  heat-lightning.  2.  The  aurora  borealis. 
f.sflauchtt.— fire'fiy",  re.  An  insect  that  emits  light  from 
some  part  of  the  body. — fire'less,  o.  Having  no  Are. — 
fireless  cooker,  an  apparatus  for  cooking  by  stored-up  heat 
in  a  receptacle  packed  with  material  impervious  to  heat. — 
— fire'fock",  n.  An  old  form  of  musket  discharged  by  any 
device  for  producing  sparks;  a  flintlock.  —  lire 'man,  re. 
[fire'men,  pi.]  1.  One  who  aids  in  extinguishing  fires.  2.  A 
fire-tender,  as  on  a  locomotive;  a  stoker.  —  f.  -new  ,  a.  Fresh 
from  the  fire;  brand-new. — f. span,  re.  1.  A  pan  for  holding 
or  carrying  live  coals;  a  brazier;  a  flre-pot;  a  grate.  2.  The 
priming-receptacle  of  a  gun.  3.  A  snuff-dish;  a  censer. — 
fire'pface",  re.  A  recess  or  structure  in  or  on  which  a  fire 
is  built;  especially  that  part  of  a  chimney  that  opens  info 
a  room.  —  f.  plug,  n.  A  hydrant  for  use  in  case  of  fire.  See 
hydrant.  — f.sproof,  a.  Made  proof  against  lire;  incom- 
bustible; also,  of  a  nature  to  protect  from  fire. — fir'er,  n. 

1.  One  who  kindles  fires;  also,  an  incendiary.  2.  A  stoker. 
— f.sshlp,  n.  A  ship  filled  with  combustibles,  fired  and 
floated  toward  an  enemy  for  the  purpose  of  destroying  ships, 
bridges,  etc.  fire'slde",  n.  The  hearth  or  space  about  the 
fireplace;  hence,  the  place  of  family  cheer:  used  also  adjec- 
tivally. Syn.:  see  home  f. 'surface,  re.  That  part  of  the 
surface  of  a  boiler  which  is  exposed  to  the  lire;  the  beating* 
surface.  — flre'weed",  re.  Hot.  A  coarse  annual  plant  of  the 
aster  family,  from  1  to  0  feet  high,  with  lance-shaped  sessile 
leaves;  also,  the  common  willow«hcri>:  both  commonl]  found 
In  recently  burnt  clearings.  —  f.ewood,  re.  Wood  used,  or  fit 
to  use,  as  fuel. — flre'work",  re.  1.  A  casoor  cases  containing 
combustibles  and  explosives,  producing  brilliant  or  colored 
light  or  scintillations  In  burning:  commonly  In  the  plural. 

2.  pi.  A  pyrotechnic  display,  (ireek  {.,  an  Inextinguish- 
able Incendiary  composition,  used  by  flic  Byzantine  <  Irccks, 
that  would  burn  on  anil  under  flic  wafer,— on  f.,  burning; 
ablaze  (literally  or  figuratively). 

flr'kin,  1  fGr'kin;  2  flr'kin,  n.  1.  A  wooden  vessel  for  lard, 
etc.  2.  [Eng.]  A  measure,  one-fourth  of  a  barrel.  [< 
D.  vier,  four,  -f  dim.  suf.  -kin.] 

firm,  1  furm;  2  firm,  a.  I.  Solidly  compacted;  un- 
yielding; solid.      2.   Fixedly  settled;  difficult  to  move; 

stable.  3.  Strong,  stedfasf,  or  determined  iii  oharaoter; 
vigorous;  resolute;  enduring.— finu'ly,  adv.  —  firm 'ness,  n. 


•  nil 


tlrlh. 

I 


f     knife. 


1 

lir   111  him  : 

II 

;  in  place 

I 

II.  i   which 

III.  I 

■  r.      |  •. 
nil,  orlg- 

nlflcunt, 

.    nl,  sllb- 

[ 

II . 

I     .  I  i--. 

(    fun .         i 

!. 
i.  hand,        i  ibtained 
adverb. 
I  II.  I 

hr- 1    I  •  .  I-  « » 1 1 1 •  - «  r. 

i.  rate,       ( •!  the 
'  I   also  as  noun   ami 

:  E.  firth, 
Irlil. 
I 

■  otland. 

lry.  [!•'.] 

I.         •  Lning  to  the 

;.  meial.     II.  n. 

■  r.    (F.,  <  L.  fiacu 

I.         I.  tch,  or  try  to  catch, 

h   (fish  or  any 
■    r  and  bring  to  light: 
:. 

II.         1 .  or  try 

■     itch    fiflh.       |  < 

fish  .»- til  i-  .        -  iltable  for  ii-.li- 
h-li'er- 

l  Usher;  an 

h-li  Vr-i .  ;-li-.sz,   pi.)     1. 

oing  Industry. 

for  ftahl  ll-h'liiK.  I. 

■  (or.  (tailing;  a 
I.    \    vi  n-  brate  animal 
live   under   water, 

id     i   ■'■  .ill  fin.-. 
'.'- 

I 

i, i  have  other 

h-h'- 

: 

r.  culture, 
f.seagle, 

i.  as  the 
h-li  'gig",  '     taff  with  prongs 

i  rff"        (.  hawk,        [i'  8.] 

h-li '  hook  ' 
■  I  r  ■  l  . 

f.  carver] ; 
f.rtrowH :.     f    line,  Oshli  r«Um       h-h'- 

f      OWl,     H  \     I     ■ 

f.:plali   . 

f.  -kin.  •.  'a  fish  or  marine  anl- 

'  a  dogfish  or  shark  (used  for  abrading),  ot  a  por- 


I  i         i      full,  rfllo;  1>nt,  horn'? 

,     ,        .  i     •  .  ,-..,  noi.  or,  won,  811 

ather),  or  the  like     f,  skin  disease,  ■ 
|j  eruptions,  irh"- 

lh\-o'-l-:.         I.   -Hit,     h.         SSJ  kmii  f.< 

i  .r  tor  catching  or  killing  flan;  ■  flahglg. 

tor   bleeding   captured   whales      f.«N<or>.   n, 
.        |  An  i    travagant  or  Incredible  narrative. 


■'*. 


Wililllll 

•• '     V      "Si 


Skeleton  ol  a  Bony  Flah  (Trout). 

-    oitv:  .-,  ft  twit  In  fronl  ol  ■ 
tha  gUU;  i,  •  low 

blchttMnjf  Of  tlicftiiftl  ttnftxo  ■ttactiol.   ;■, 

r.  tackle,  n  \  tackle  used  to  rata  ■  an  anchor  to  the  gun- 
wale of  a  ship  by  means  ol  an  iron  hook.     r.<tall,  u.    Like 

the  tall  of  a  fish  In  shape  or  In  :i.  I I.   torpedo,  i, .      \ 

i  ii.-hapr,i  locomotive  Bubmarlne  torpedo  for 
war  r.«trap,  n.  A  trail  for  fish.  f. "warden,  n.  [U.  S.] 
\  local  officer  to  enforce  laws  relating  to  the  protection  or 
Osh  or  fisheries,  reward;.  Bsh'way",  n.  a  Bloplng 
structure  designed  to  enable  Osh  to  ascend  a  cataract  or 

dam.      lisli'Hllr".    n.      [FIBH'WrVES    .    ;■'  I       \    woman   who 

sells  fish;  an  abusive  virago.  ii.sli'wo"inan:.  fishy',  a, 
1.  Suggestive  of,  pertaining  to,  or  like  fl  h.  ';  Abounding 
In  flan.  .t.  i  olloq.l  Ot  the  nature  of  a  flsb-story;  Incredible. 
■i.  Vacant  ot  expression;  dull,  a  fish'l-ness,  n 

Fish,  llainlllon  (lsos  Is'.ci  .  (iovernor  of  New  York  State; 
United  States  Senator;  Secretary  of  stair,  l s* is   IS77. 

Plsh'er,  l  Hsb'sr;  2  rlsh'er,  George  Park  (1827  1909).  An 
Unerlcan  author  and  ecclesiastical  historian. 

Hski-.  1  risk;  2  flsk,  John  (1842  1901).  An  American  sclen- 
tisi.  philosopher,  and  historian. 

Os'sate,  1  fis'et;  2  fis'at,  o.  Deeply  cleft;  Assured.  [<  L. 
Undo,  pp.//vx».s.  split]  [foisimless. 

Qs 'sen-less,  i  nVen-les;  2  fls/en-les,  o.  [Scot,  or  Obs.)  Weak; 

lis NI-.  1  fls'i-;  2  fls'l-.  From  Latin  fissus,  cleft  (see  fissile):  a 
combining  form. 

lis'sile,  /  1  Hs'il;2  fls'il,  a.    Capable  of  being  split  or  separated 

fts'sll8,  j  into  layers;  tending  to  split.    [■    la.fissilis,  ■ 
pp.  otflndo,  cleave.]— fls-sll'l-ty,  ».— fis'sion,  n.    1.  The 
'  splitting  or  breaking  apart,    2.  Biol.  Spontaneous 
division  of  a  cell  or  organism  into  new  cells  or  organisms, 
especially  as  a  mode  of  reproduction;  cell-divlsion. 

ns"sl-pal'mate,  a.  Partially  web-footed.  [<  fissi-  +  L. 
palma,  palm.]— fls"sl-pal-ma'tion,  «.  lis-slp'a-ra,  n.  pi. 
Animals  that  reproduce  by  flssion.  [-(-  I.,  pariu,  produce  i 
li— slp'a-rlsm,  n.  Biol.  Reproduction  by  Qsslon.  lis'SI- 
par'I-tyt.  hN-slp'a-rous,  a.  1.  Biol.  Reproducing  by 
fission.  "■!.  Separating  by  iission.— fls-slp'a-rous-ly,  adv.— 
fls'Sl-ped.  I.  a.  Saving  the  toes  separated.  II.  n.  A  carni- 
vore with  separate  toes.  [-1-  I.,  pes,  foot.]  fls-.sip'e-dalj; 
lis"sl-pe'<ll-al:. 

fis'sle,  1  fis'l;  2  fls'l,  vi.  [Scot.)  1.  Same  as  fizzle.  2.  To 
rustle;  hustle  about,    fis'tlej. 

tis'slirc,  1  ti.-h'ur;  2  fi.-h'ur.    l.vt.&vi.     [fis'surkd;  FIS'- 
..,.]    To  crack;  split.    II.  n.    A.  narrow  opening, 
cleft,  crevice,  or  furrow.    [<  h.fissura,  <  findo,  split  ] 
Syn.:  see  hki.mii. 

Iis|,  l  ;,  t;2flst,n.  The  hand  when  closed  tightly,  as  for 
striking;  the  clenched  hand.  [<  AS.fyst,  fist.]  list  'M-. 
a.  Pertaining  to  the  fisl ;  pugilistic— list'l-cutf",  n.  A  cull 
With  the  list;  In  the  plural,  a  pugilistic  encounter,  flst'- 
wlse,  ';.     Like  a  list. 

lis'tu-la,  1  ii-'eim-];.;  2  fis'ehu-la,  n.  1.  A  long  narrow 
canal  caused  by  diseased  action,  'if.  A  reed  or  pipe. 
i  Hs'tii-lar,  o.  ResembUng  or  of  the  nature  ol  a  fistula. 
ns'tn-la-ryt;  Hs'tn-loset.— fls'tu-Ious,  a.  1.  Cyllndrl 
1  hollow  like  a  reed.  2.  Flstular.  fis'tu-late  : ;  lis'- 
lu-lal"ed    . 

fit,  1  fit;  2  fit,  v.    [fit'ted'1;  iit'tinc.]    1. 1.    1.  To  render 
suitable  or  adapt  for  some  purpose  or  use;  bring  into 
relation  of  agreement  or  harmony.    '£•  To  provide 
bing  "i  ii"-  propeT  size,  shape,  etc.    3.  To 
provide  with  requisites;  qualify;  prepare;  equip:  com- 
monly with  out  or  up.    4.  To  be  of  the  proper  size  and 
n  for.    5.  To  In-  becoming  or  suitable  for;  befit.    II. 
LTobe  made  of  the  proper  size,  shape,  etc ;  be  rightly 
adjusted,  suitable,  proper,  or  becoming,    2.  To  receive 
quipment.     [ME.  fitten,   <  Ice.  fitja,  knit  to- 
-  I  Syn.:  see  adapt;  accommodate;  pbepabe;  tempeb. 
— After,  n. 


•       REPRESENTATIVE  FOOD-  AND  GAME-FISHES. 

1.  Masklnonge.  V21  2.  Mackerel.  '/»  3.  Haddock,  '/n  4.  American  Sbad.  7?  5.  WliltrllNh.  ',  »  (i.  Winter  floun- 
der. »/»  7.  Tarpon.  '/i«  8.  Weakilsh.  >/<  9.  Pike.  Via  10.  TaUtOg  or  blackflsn.  l/i  LI.  Cod.  '  11  12.  Atlantic  sal- 
mon, '/ai     13.  Herring.  >/i     14.  Yellow  perch.  >/j     15.  Largcmouthed  black  baaa.  '/»     10.  Halibut.  '/»» 


i,  I  i  ..  ■".     tmt.flr;    full.  rOle;    lull,  lnVn; 

,  .         ,.  i     loo;  l-fl;  I ■  6; go,  not.  Or,  won, 


.114 


111  .         I 


riu'. 

(..  r    kid 

111  i> .  ,  at  mail 

til    ■      .  •  .  form,  or 

■ 
I  •.'.   riu-  fur 

kliiirnt'  pencil     lltrli'. 

■ 

i  he  I  uropoAn  polecat. 

in.  ii  .  i    .  m.  l.  •  I 

marked  by  ills; 
H  mi  ;   nun  :o- 
III    ful-l).   .  lit  Tlll-m  !M, 

I.  I  blc  for  any 

II.  I.    !    ■    act  of 

'.'.  I 

■mini.,  ji  ,-^r. 

i g-n<  m, 

•  in  surnames.    [<  F. 


Bdward    1809- 
r  i  imar  (Ota)  yam. 

D   -.:i|i. >rt   (pop. 

I.  •   ■  ire  than  four. 

I  ".'.   A   BJ  Illlinl  drill. I- 

l.  I  Inqucfoll      tin-. lingered  icra--.;. 

Are 'fold".    |.  a.    Made  up 

II.  In  a  flve- 

ii"  -.  A   game  similar  to 

in.  -    .  oort'  .  1.  A  place  for  ] 

.  is  engaged  In. 
1  I  nil.  or  Becure 

'.'.  To    treat    so 
■,    nr    deterioration;    set; 
I  nteritly,  as  the  gaze, 

rmine.    5.  [Cofloq  ] 
6.         -  ]  To  predis- 
•  ;  Becure 
7.  {(         q.j  To  outwit; 
I'll  fix  the  fellow. 
II.       1  •  down  and  remain  in 

.<i;  crystalliz 
ten.]    fixef;  fyxt- 

•    .        Ox 'ate,  ■  -.  i  .  To  ren- 

iit'i-i i 

II  •-'.     \    -tali-  of 

!. 
lu'.i-tli    i-   . 

i  or  fastened; 

une  rela- 

;  Without    (lays   of 

i  tied;  doI  locoi 

ll\  '.  cl-i 


I. 

■ultfuui   : ...  .:•  .  ± 


li\  'In.-  I  i    vi-rli  ///, 

'.  ■  Ing  a  developed 

ic  further  action 

■ 

ni'ture,  ■         I.  Anything 

.'.  i  mi-  who  or  that 

I   . 

lit  or.  litlorj;  QrmneaB. 

'  "mbarrannicrit ;  dilemma. 

I  II.  n.     1.  A 

: 
li/  h-  '-iii-l.  .-    . 

I  I.  To  make 

powder  when  burning. 

enterprise. 

■  harassed  condition.    3.  An 

In  a  recitation.     [Freq.  of  fizz.] 


ii.  i.i.  -(..!•.    ,\..:ttat  i  A  high,  barren  plateau  or 

!      ii.  l.l;. 
i  lord,  i  i.'ini. 

i  i  indi  i ■•.    i  latins,    Flemish     n..   abbr.     Florin, 

n. i..  abbr.    i  i. .M.i,,  (official) 
H. iii  bj  .  1  ii  .1.  i.  L"  flftb'v,  a,    I.  Lacking  muscle  or  healthy 

;     '.'•  ;  ■ al  or  intellect  tial  i  igj  a . 

languid;  feeble.    [<  flap,  •.]    llah'hi-ly,  adv,     llab'- 

lil-ii. 

ii  u   <iii.  l  flak'sid;  2  flae'cid,  a.     Lacking  Brmnesa  or 
flabby.     |  •     I.  fiaccidu*,   <  flacetu .  flabby  ] 
-lj .  ii  ii  -i  hi  i-i>  .  flac 'eld-nets,  n. 

iii  ..."  .  I    i  '  k8n';  2  na'.on'.  a.    |i-.|    An  old  form  of  stop- 
pered bottle  or  ii 

i',  i  i  ton";  n  t..'i.is..  |      1. 

■■.ii  i>y  a  flag.    2.  To  deooy,  as  game,  bj  some- 
thing like  a  Man. 

ii. iu  ,vt      1 1.  |.:t\ .-  u iili  Bagstones, 

Bag  .         i'.  M..p  up  tin'  seams  of  (a  cask)  with  leaves  of  the 
cattail  Bags. 

flag  .  I.  To  grow  spiritless  or  languid;  become  tired; 

'.'.  i       '"H  dull;  drag.     3.  To  hesitate;  halt. 
Syn.:  see  i  i-^.i  a. 

Hag',  //  1.  A  piece  of  cloth  commonly  bearing  a  device 
and  attached  to  a  staff  or  halyard:  used  as  a  standard, 
symbol,  or  signal.  2.  Something  resembling  a  flag,  as 
tin-  bushy  part  of  a  dog's  (ail,  the  long  feathers  on  :i 
hawk's  leg,  eto,  [Cp.  D.  dag,  Dan.  flag,  Bw  flaao  I 
black  Hag,  the  emblem  oi  plracj  and  ol  do  quarter 
f.  of  truce,  a  white  flag  displayed  to  denote  that  a  confer- 
ence or  truce  is  desired,  flag 'man",  //.  <  Ine  «  ho  carries  a 
flag,  as  for  signaling  trains  on  a  railway.-  f.=oiilccr,  n.  I. 
l  ormerly,  the  captain  ol  a  flag-ship.  2.  An  admiral,  vice* 
admiral,  or  rear»admlral.  f.>snlp,  n.  Tin- ship  carrying  a 
flag-officer  and  displaying  his  flag.—  flag  'staff",  n.  A  pole 
on  which  a  flag  is  bung  or  displayed,  rotation,  n.  A 
Station    on    a    railway    at    which    a    train   stops  only    on 

flag  .     .     A  flagstone.     [<  Ice.  flaga,  slab  of  stone.] 

flag3,  n.     One  of  various  plants   having  sword-shaped 

and  growing  in  moist  places.     [Prob.    =  flag1 

(as  fluttering  In  the  wind).] 

flag'el-late,  1  0aj'e-let;2  flag'g-lat,  vt.    [-lathed1*;  -lat"- 

im;  ]    To  In  a i  with  a  rod;  whip;  Bcourge.    [<  L.  flagel- 

latus,  pp.  of  flninllo,  <  flagelXum,  scourge.]— flag 'el-lant. 

I.  a.     Using  a  scourge,  or  fitted  to  be  used  for  a  scourging. 

II.  n.    A  self-scourging  fanatic  — flag"el-la'tloii,  u. 
flag'el-late,   a.      Having  or   producing   flagella   or  whip-like 

...  or  runner-llie  branches.    tlag'el-lafedt. 

fla-gel'lum,  1  fla-Jcl'um:  2  fla-gel'um,  n.    [-la,  pi.)    1.   ltv>l. 
like  appendage    3.  A  scourge.    3.  Hot.  A  runner,  or 
a  whip-like  branch.    [L.,  scourge,  dim.  of  flayrum,  scourge] 
—  fla-gel'll-fonii,  a.    Like  a  whiplash  or  runner. 

flage'o-let,  1  flaj'o-let;  2  flag'u-ir-t,  n.     1.  A  musical 
instrument  resembling  the  flute,  bul  blown  from 
the  end.    2.  An  organ-stop.    [F.,  <  L.  flatus;  sec 
klute,  n.] 

liag'ging,  1  flag'in;  2  flag'lng,  n.  A  pavement  of 
flagstones;  flagstones  collectively;  also,  the  act  of 
paving  with  flagstones. 

flag'gy1,  1  flag'i;  2  flag'y,  a.  Resembling  flagstone  In 
Assillty,  etc. 

flag'gy-,  a.    I.Ike  a  flag;  wide-spreading. 

flag'gy  ;,  ';.    Like  or  containing  the  plants  called  flags. 

flag'gy«t,   B.    1.    Lax;   languid.    3.   Having  no  flavor; 
llag'gl-nesst,  n. 

Oa-gl'tlouS)  1  fh.-jish'us;  2  fla-glsh'us,  a.    Fla- 
grantly wicked;  atrocious;  heinous.    [  <  L.flagiti- 
<  flagiltum,  disgraceful  act.]    Syn.:  see  CRIMI- 
NAL; KI.AOItANT. 

Ila-gi 'lious-ly,  adv.  —  fla-gl'tlous-ness,  n. 
flat;'on,  1  flag'on;  2  flag'on,  n.     A  vessel  with  a 
handle  and  a  narrow  mouth,  used   to  serve  liq- 
uor,.    [OF.] 
fla 'grant,  1   fle'grent;   2   fiii'grant,  a.    1.  Openly 

idalous;    notorious;   heinous.     2.  Now  going  j.|aKe, 
on;    raging.     3,|.  Burning;    blazing.      [F.,    <  L.    0jt.t 
flagranti-)*,  ppr.  of  flaciro.  burn.] 

Syn.:  atrocious,  disgraceful,  enormous,  flagitious,  heinous, 
I  rous,    nefarious,    outrageous,    scandalous,    shameful, 
king.  —  Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  excellent. 
fla'gran-Cy,    n,      .Notoriousness;    heinousness.      Ila'- 
graricct.     fla'grant-ly,  adt 
lla-gran'le    de-lie'to,    1    fla-gran'ti    di-llk'to;   2    fla-gran'te 
de-lle'to.     [LJ     While  the  crime  or  misdemeanor  Is  or  was 
being  committed;  In  the  very  act. 
flag 'stone",  1  flag'ston";  2  flag'ston",  n.    1.  A  broad,  flat 
stone  suitable  for  foot-pavements.     2.  Oeol.  Any  fine- 
grained rock  from  which  such  slabs  may  be  split. 
flail,  1  flel;  2  flal,  n.     1.  An  implement  consisting  of  a 
wooden  bar  (the  swingle)  hinged  or  tied  to  a  handle,  for 


315 


1:9  =  final;    1  =  habits    aisle;    a\i  =  out;    ei!;     Iu  =  feud;    cllin;    go;    rj  =  sire.?;    thin,   this. 
2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   bum;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this. 


fit 
flat 


separating  grain  by  beating.  2.  A  medieval  weapon 
with  spiked  iron  swingle.     [<  L.  ftagellum,  scourge.] 

flake,  1  flek;  2  flak,  vt.  &  vi.  [flaked';  flak'ing.]  To 
peel  off  in  flakes;  fleck. 

flake1,  n.  1.  A  small  flat  fragment  or  loosely  cohering 
mass;  a  thin  piece  or  chip  of  anything;  scale;  fleck.  3. 
A  carnation  having  stripes  of  any  single  color  on  a 
white  ground.  3.  A  gleam  of  light;  flash.  4.  The  flat 
coil  of  a  stowed  cable;  a  fake.  [Scand.;  cp.  Norw.  flak, 
slice,  Ice.  flaknn,  flake  off.] 

flake-,  n.  1.  A  light  staging  or  platform,  as  for  drying  fish. 
2.  A  flap  on  a  saddle  to  keep  the  rider's  knee  from  the  horse. 
[<  Ice.  flaki,  fleki,  hurdle.] 

flak'ing,  1  flek'in;  2  flak'ing,  n.  The  operation  of  chip- 
ping flints,  as  for  gun=locks. — flak'ing;ham"mer,  n. 

flak'y,  1  flek'i;  1  flak'y,  a.  Resembling  or  consisting  of 
flakes;  easily  separable  into  flakes. — flak'i-ness,  n. 

flam 'beau,  1  flam'bo;  2  flam'bo,  n.  [flam'beaux,  pi.] 
1.  A  torch,  as  one  made  of  a  bundle  of  wicks  covered 
with  wax,  etc.  2.  A  large  decorated  candlestick.  3.  A 
large  sugar=boiling  kettle.     [F.,   <  L.  flamma,  flame.] 

flam-boy'ant,  1  flam-bei'ant;  2  flam-b6y'ant,  a.  1.  Charac- 
terized by  extravagance;  showy,  bombastic.  2.  Bursting 
into  flame;  blazing.  3.  Having  a  wavy  edge,  as  of  flame. 
[F.,  <  L.  flamma,  flame] — flamboyant  architecture,  a 
highly  florid  style  of  French  Pointed  architecture.— flam- 
boy  'ant-ly,  adv. 

flame,  1  flem;  2  flam.     I.  vt.  &  vi.     [flamed;  flam'ing.] 

1.  To  give  out  a  flame;  blaze  or  burn.  2.  To  shine  like  a 
flame ;  flash.  3.  To  burst  forth,  as  in  violence  of  passion. 
4.  To  subject  to  the  action  of  flame  or  fire ;  scorch ;  singe. 
5f.  To  inflame;  excite.  II.  n.  1.  A  stream  of  vapor 
or  gas  made  luminous  by  heat;  a  blaze;  glow;  brilliancy. 
2.  Excitement,  as  from  rage,  strife,  or  passionate  desire; 
an  ardent  affection;  passionate  love.  3.  [Colloq.]  A 
sweetheart.  [  <  OF.,  <  L.  flamma,  flame.]  Ham!.  [Dial.]. 
Syn.:  (verb)  see  burn:  fire;  (noun)  see  light. 

fla'men,  1  fle'men;  2  fla'men,  n.  Rom.  Antiq.  A  priest  de- 
voted to  the  service  of  a  particular  god.    [L.] 

fla-min'go,  1  fle-min'go;2  fla-min'go,  n.  [-GOSzor-GOES, 
■pi.]  A  long=necked,  smalPbodied  bird,  of  a  pink  or  red 
color,  having  very  long  legs, 
webbed  feet,  and  a  bent  bill. 

Fla-mln'l-us,  1   fla-min'i-us;  2  fla- 
mln'i-us,  n.    1.  Caius  (     —217  B. 
C),  a  Roman  general  and  states- 
man.    2.  T.Quintius  (230?-174  B.  C.) 
Roman  general. 

flam'y,  1  flem'i;  2  flam'y,  a.  Relating  to, 
composed  of,  or  resembling  flame;  flaming; 
blazing. 

flancht,  1  flantfh;  2  flanch,  vi.  To  flange. 
flanclicf. 

Flan'ders,  1  flan'darz;  2  flan'derg,  n.  Two 
Belgian  provinces:  (1)  East  F.  (1,158  sq. 
m .;  pop. 1,120,000). capital, Ghent;  occupied 
by  German  troops.  1914;  (2)  Wi'«tF.  (1,249 
sq.  m.;  pop.  874,000),  capital,  Bruges. 

fla"neur',  1  fla"nur';2fla"nur',  n.  A  lounger; 
idler.  [F.]— fla"ne-rie',  n.  [F.]  Loung- 
ing; idling 

flange,  1  flanj;  2  flang,  vl.  &  vt.  To  supply 
with  a  flange;  take  the  form  of  a  flange. 

flange,  n.  1.  A  projecting  rim  or  edge,  as  on  a  car«wheel.  2. 
A  plate  to  close  a  pipe-opening  or  other  orilice.  [Var.  of 
flank.] 

flank1,  1  flarjk;  2  flank,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  stand  or  bo  on 
either  side  or  on  both  sides  of;  border.  2.  Mil.  To 
turn,  guard,  or  threaten  the  flank  of.  II.  i.  1.  To 
guard  orattack  the  flank.  2.  To  border;  touch:  with  on. 
— flank'er,  n.    A  flanking  party,  fortification,  etc. 

flank,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  flank  or  side.  ( 1 )  Cut  from  Oho 
side.  (2)  Situated  at  the  side.  (3)  Coming  from  or 
toward  the  side. 

flank,  n.  1.  The  hinder  part  of  an  animal's  side,  between 
the  ribs  and  the  hip.  2.  Entom.  The  side  of  the  thorax; 
the  pleura.  3.  The  side,  or  the  lateral  portion,  oi  any- 
thing, especially  of  a  military  force.  4.  Fort.  Any  part 
of  a  fortification  that  defends  another  work  by  a  fire 
along  its  face,    f  <  F.  flanc] 

flan'nel,  1  flan'l;  2  flan'l,  n.  A  loosely  woven  woolen 
stuff  with  soft,  nap-like  surface.  2.  Plain  cloth  in  thi 
first  stage  of  manufacture.  [<  F.  flanelle,  flannel.— 
Canton  or  cotton  flannel,  a  cotton  fabric  having  a  long 
nap,  usually  on  one  side  only.. 

flap,  1  flap;  2  flap.  I.  vl.  &  vi.  [flapped*,  klaptb;  ki.ap'- 
P'^"]    »•  To  strike,  or  strike  at,  with  or  as  with  a  wing, 

2.  To  move  to  and  fro  rapidly,  as  wings;  swing,  as  in  the 
wind;  droop  like  the  flap  of  a  hat.    3.  To  let  fall  or  bring 


Flamingo  and 
its  Nest. 


down  the  flap  of.  II.  n.  1.  A  broad,  limber,  and  loosely 
hanging  part  or  attachment.  2.  The  act  of  flapping;  a 
light  blow.  3.  An  implement  for  brushing  away  flies. 
4.  A  light  blow;  slap.  S.Surg.  A  piece  of  skin  or  flesh 
cut  away  except  at  its  base.  6.  The  flapping  tongue  of  a 
valve.  7.  pi.  A  disease  of  the  lips  of  horses.  [Prob. 
imitative.]  flappet.  Syn.:  see  shape.— flap'seared",  n. 
Having  broad,  flapping  ears.— flap 'jack",  n.  A  griddle- 
cake  or  pancake,— flap 'per,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which 
flaps  or  slaps,  or  calls  attention.  2.  A  young  bird  unable 
to  fly.     3.  A  flipper.      4.  [Eng.]  A  young  girl. 

flap'doo"dle,  1  flap'du"dl;  2  flap'doo"dl,  «.  [Humorous.]  The 
food  on  which  fools  are  fed;  hence,  boastful  talk;  twaddle. 

flare,  1  flar;  2  flar,  t).  [flared;  flar'ing.]  1. 1.  To  cause 
to  burn  with  a  sudden  brilliant  flame;  hence,  to  display 
ostentatiously.  II.  i.  1.  To  burn  unsteadily  or  with  a 
wavering  or  fluttering  flame.  2.  To  emit  a  sudden  daz- 
zling, unsteady  light.  3.  To  shine  out  in  glaring  colors; 
be  offensively  showy  in  dress.  4.  To  open  or  spread  out- 
ward like  the  sides  of  a  funnel.  [  <  Norw.  flara,  blaze.] 
— to  flare  up,  to  blaze  up  suddenly;  fly  into  a  passion. — 
flare  '=up",  n.  A  sudden  outburst  of  flame,  as  of  light. — 
flar'ing,  pa.     -ly,  adv. 

flare,  n.  1.  A  large,  bright,  but  unsteady  and  flickering 
light;  unsteady  glare;  figuratively,  ostentation.  2.  A 
widening  or  spreading  outward,  as  of  the  sides  of  a  fun- 
nel.    Syn.:  see  light. 

flash",  1  flash;  2  flash,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  cause  to  act,  oper- 
ate, or  appear  suddenly,  as  a  bright  light.  2.  To  cover 
(plain  glass)  with  a  thin  coating  of  colored  glass.  II.  i. 
To  act,  operate,  or  appear  with  suddenness  or  brilliancy. 
[Scand.]     Syn.:  see  burn. 

— to  flash  in  the  pan,  to  explode  the  powder  in  the  pan,  as 
a  flint-lock  musket,  without  discharging  the  weapon;  hence, 
to  make  a  futile  effort. — flash  'er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which 
flashes;  specifically,  a  device  for  momentarily  illuminating 
electric  lamps,  as  in  advertising  signs. — flash'ing,  pa. 
Emitting  flashes.    Syn.:  see  bright. 

flash21,  vt.  &  vi.  To  splash;  also,  to  flush,  as  a  stream.  [Per- 
haps <  flash2,  n.\ 

flash,  a.  1.  Relating  to  or  connected  with  thieves  or 
thieves' talk.  2.  Cheap  and  tawdry;  loud.  [Perhaps  = 
flashy.]— flash '=house",  n.  A  house  frequented  by  thieves, 
etc.,  where  stolen  goods  are  received. 

flash1,  n.  1.  A  sudden  and  transient  blaze;  gleam;  a  sud- 
den outburst,  as  of  wit,  anger,  etc.  2.  A  moment;  in- 
stant. 3.  [Slang,  Eng.  |  Thieves'  jargon.  Syn.:  see 
light.— flash  Might",  n.  1.  A  light,  as  in  a  lighthouse; 
shown  only  at  regular  intervals.  2.  A  brief  and  brilliant 
light  for  taking  photographs.— flash 'y,  a.  Pretentious 
without  merit;  showy;  tawdry. — flash '1-ly,  adv.— flash  'i- 
ness,  n. 

flash2,  n.  1.  A  pond;  pool.  2.  A  reservoir  in  a  stream  for 
storing  water  to  flood  a  shoal.  [<  OF.  flache,  <  OD. 
vlackc,  <  vlack,  flat.] 

flash'ing,  n.  1.  The  act  of  flashing,  in  any  sense.  2. 
Glass'making .  (1)  A  reheating  of  imperfectly  formed 
glassware.  (2)  The  twirling  of  a  hollow  globe  of  heated 
glass  to  spread  it  into  a  flat  disk.  (3)  The  fusing  of  a 
thin  coating  of  colored  glass  on  plain  glass. 

— flash 'ing'polnt",  n.  The  temperature,  lower  than 
the  burning-point,  at  which  a  volatile  liquid  gives  off  vapor 
in  sufficient  quantity  to  ignite,    flash '=poiiit"t. 

flask,  1  flask;  2  flask,  n.  1.  A  small  bottle  or  similar 
vessel.  2.  A  frame  for  holding  a  founding-mold.  [  < 
AS.  flasee.]  [laundry.    2.  A  small  flask. 

flas'ket,  1  flas'ket;  2  flas'ket,  n.    1.  A  shallow  basket,  as  for 

flat,  1  flat;  2  flat,  ii.  [ki.at'ted'I;  flat'ting.]  I.  t.  1. 
Mus.  (1)  To  lower  (atone),  as  by  a  half  step.  (2)  To 
sound  (a  note)  slightly  lower  than  if  is  written.  2.  To 
lower  or  depress  in  general.  3.  To  make  flat.  II.  i.  1. 
Mus.  To  sing  or  play  below  the  pitch.  2.  To  become 
flat  or  stupid. 

flat,  a.  [flat'ter;  flat'tBST.]  1.  Having  a  surface  thai 
is  a  horizontal  plane;  level;  smooth.  2.  Lying  prone  up- 
on I  he  ground;  hence,  overthrown;  ruined.     3.  Without 

qualification;  positive;  absolute,  4.  Lacking  inten  t; 
monotonous;  dull;  insipid.   5.  Mus.  (1)  Below  pitch.  (2) 

Minor  or  diminished.     G.  (Irani.  Sounded;  voiced.     7. 
Without  gloss,  as  a  painted  surface.     [<  Ice.  Jlatr.] 
Syn.:   absolute,   characterless,  downright,   dull,  empty, 

even,  horizontal,  Insipid,  level,  lifeless,  mawkish,  pointless, 
BplrltleSS,  Stupid,  lame,  vapid.  As  a  dead  level  is  monoto- 
nous and  uninteresting,  we  have  a  //<//  Joke,  a  Jlul  remark,  for 

•  mm  i  ii.it  [hi/iiii.  Insipid,  pointless.  As  what  Is  perfectly  level 
is  without  variation  or  relief,  we  have  a  flat  refusal,  in  tbe 

sense  or  u  hat  \sabsolute.     Bee  horizontal;  lbvbl;  bm \\\. 

—flat 'boat",  n.  [u.  S.]   a  large  boat  uiiii  a  iiai  bottom, 

formerly  much  In  use  on  Western  rivers  for  freighting  mer- 

chandlse     flat 'fish",  n.    a  flsb  having  a  compressed  body 

With  unsyminetrical  sides  and  with  both  eyes  on  one  side, 


I 


ii       ,  fc;  fan,  pgle;  bwt,  bttms 

i  -0;  l-6;gO,  nOt,  Or,  won,  .MO 


i    Iron 

n.i  1j . 

Willi 

tin  - 


Qiucl 


n  juii 

l!  him 


II  J  U  111, 


i. 


n  i  'tor-oa 

I. 

flaw  . 

"21 

flax. 

,,.., 

Ill)  III  tl 

I 

::i    which    II    18 

."..    Colloq  ]   A 

■    ■   :  • ;        •  upancy 

Minnie 

•    be  Bat; 

itch 

I.  ■     I.  To  prai  -•■  unduly. 

'.'.    I  o 

persuade. 

ban  the 

II.        i     make  use 

'  '  I 

,■         • .         tern,  flutter.] 

Il.il 'l.r-liiw. 

:.  r-\  .  I  ■  ■         t  Or  pi 

mpllment;    adulation. 

do,  n.   The  aocumula- 

«  I    flat'u-leu- 
ni.         II  ii    ii-i. ii-    .      Il;il    u-linl-l> . 

I.  a  breath;  pun  of  wind.    'I. 
3.  The 
ml:  Inflation     If..] 
Gustave    1821    1880 
! 
,i  or  flaiit,  n.  [Prov.  Eng.  or  Scot.) 

II. in  m:. 

i  ii.    1.  Todis- 

e  or  Butter  in 

i. Ii.    nourish,   flutter, 

g     '!.  A  boasi ;  vaunt. — 
Haunt  'Iiik.  or  osten- 

II. nun    | 

:      ■  -  the  flute; 

Turning  yellow; 
i  How.] 
I.  .  part   flavor  Di- 

li.        1.1       quality  '<f 
i  the  senses  of 
ipecially 
'-'■  ring.    [  < 

iLiMiiir..    fla'vor-lng, 
-  -  gi\  iml'  a  flavor 
nUy  flavored 


-  in;  mar;  crack.    2. 
t  ruction  or  consti- 

l rack  ] 
flan  li 

il.»«  '■.  .  Is  vs;  defective. 

•  but  violent 

01  <  OHG 

1  '.her  obtained  from 

annual  plant  with 

0U8  seed, 

■ 

irnn.    3.  Any 

<    n  of  PIT.] 

like  flax:  of  a 

'-■  ' •'! ".  I.    i    •   mucilaginous 

n  flax:  lit.-' •<  d.    Z.  A  low  E 

flax  '- 
flu   family.— flax 'y,    a.— 


lower 


Mi\   in. in.  1  flal.-'in.iii.  :.'  flm-s'inan.  John     l  ...  i    1826).    An 

..  M'ulpior  mill  .i.  ilgnci   monument  "i  Nel 
iin.  I  o     trip  i 

I-     AS  //. .i»i. | 
mi.  i      nl 

ii.   ..  16,  i        I.  An 

upon  a  mammal  or  a  bird,  ha  i 
ed  body,  limbs  adapt  - 
ping,  and  a  head  at  med 
with  piercing  mandibles  and 
tonal  probi  i  oi  '-'■  I  mo  ol  certain 
small  beetles  and  orustaooans  that 
jump  like  fleas,  flea   or 

sandhopper    I  <  AJB./Ied,  prob.  <  V 

of //.en     Ncc    n  I  K.  (  1      Me;i'h:ui(.".  n, 

i t  various  plants  ol  the  aster  fam- 
ily,supposed  to  repel  fleas,  Ilea 'bite", 
»'.  1.  The  bite  of  a  ilea.  '1.  Any  tri- 
fling wound  or  discomfort.  8.  A 
minute  quantity,  tiea'hir'ien.  a.  I. 
Bitten  by  ■  flea,  'i-  w  bite,  flecked 
with  bay  or  sorrel  spots:  said  of  the 

color  of  a  horse.      f.=glass,  PI,     An  early 

form  of  microscope 

fleam,  l  I'lini;  2  flcni,  /'.  Surg.  A. lancet, 

Beck  .  1  tlek;  Z  tlSk.  1'-  >t  To  Bpot  or  Btripe;  dapple. 
M.  n.  A  dot  or  streak;  dapple.  |<  Ice.  jt>kkr.\  — 
lleek'less,  a.    Spotless;  siaiulcss. 

fleck5,  n.    A  Hake,  as  of  wool. 

fleck1,  n.    A  lllicli.  as  of  bacon. 

Ilec'liiin.  1  flek'shon;2  flee'shon,  n.  1.  The  net  of  bend- 
ing or  turning.  2.  A  curved  or  bent  part.  3.  A  turning, 
as  of  the  eye;  glance;  cast.  4.  Gram.  The  variation  of 
a  word,  as  by  conjugation  or  declension.  See  inflec- 
tion.   [<  L.  flexio(n-),  </lrcto,  bend.]    flex'lonj. 

fled,  1  fled;  2  fled,  imp.  &  pp.  of  flee,  v. 

fledge,  1  flej;  2  fledg.B.  [fledged;  fledg'ing.]  I§.f.  To 
furnish  with  feathers  or  with  any  soft  covering.  II.  i. 
1  .i  acquire  feathers  enough  for  flight.  [Ult.  <  AS. 
flcOgan,  lly.]  — fledg'llng.  I.  a.  Just  fledged;  hence,  little 
known,  as  a  young  poet.  II.  n.  A  young  bird  just  fledged. 
flcdge'llngt. 

flee1,  1  f H;  2  fie,  v.  [fled;  flee'ing.]  1. t.  To  run  away 
from;  shun;  avoid.  II.  i.  1.  To  seek  safety  in  flight; 
run  away.  2.  To  cease  to  be  visible;  disappear.  [  <  AS. 
/leOn.)  Syn.:  see  escape;  fly. — fleer1,  n.  One  who  flees;  a 
fugitive. 

flees.    [Scot.]    1.0.    To  fly;  let  fly.    II.  n.    A  fly. 

fleece,  1  flls;  2  flee.  I*vt.  [fleeced1;  flbec'ino.]  1.  To 
cut  or  shear  off  the  fleece  from;  hence,  to  swindle.  2.  To 
cover  as  with  a  fleece.  II.  n.  1.  The  woolly  covering  of 
a  sheep;  also,  the  entire  coat  of  wool  sheared  from  a 
sheep.  2.  Anything  resembling  a  fleece  in  quality  or  ap- 
pearance. [<AS.jleo$,jlys.]  flecsf.— flece'er,  n.  One 
w  no  fleeces;  especially,  one  who  takes  by  fraud. — fleec'y,  a. 
Pertaining  to  1 1 1 .. ■ ,  or  covered  with  a  fleece. 

Beech',  1  fllch;  2  flech,  «.  [Scot.]  To  cajole;  coax.  [<  MI). 
fletsen.]    flelchtrflelteht. 

fleer,  1  flir;  2  fler.    vt.  &  n.    To  jeer  at;  deride;  mock; 

slieer. 

fleer,  n.  Derision  or  scorn;  a  leer.  [  <  Norw.  Jlira,  titter, 
giggle.]    fleart.  —  Heer'lng,  pa.    -ly,  adv. 

fleetd,  1  flit;  2  flet,  of.    To  fly  or  pass  swiftly.    [<  AS. 

jltOlan,  <  V  of  flow,  i  !     fleet 'Ing,  pa.     Passing  quickly: 

transitory.    Syn.:  see  transient. 
fleet1,  a.     Moving,  or  capable  of  moving,  swiftly;  rapid; 

nimble;  swift.    [Cp.  Ice.  fljdtr.]   -ly,  adv.   -ness,  n. 
fleet2,  a.    [Prov.  Eng.  or  Obs.]    Thin;  shallow.    [<  fleet1,  a.) 
Meet  ,n.   1.  A  number  of  vessels  in  company  or  under  one 

command,  especially  ships  of  war;  also,  something  re- 
■  milling  such  a  group  of  vessels.    2.  The  entire  number 

of  vessels  belonging  to  one  government  or  one  company. 

[<  AS.  fle6l,  ship,  <  fleolan.  float.]  — Fleet  prison,  a  famous 
ors'  prison  In  London,  burned  and  rebuilt  In  1780-82, 

abolished  in  1845.    The  Fleet*. 
fleet2,  n.    An  inlet  or  creek:  now  only  in  compounds.    [<AS. 

/hot.  bay,  <  fledtan,  float.]  [  <  AS.  fliOan.\ 

fleg,  lfleg;2fleg.  [Scot.]  I.  vt.    To  affright.    II.  n.    A  stroke. 
Flem.,  abbr.    Flemish. 
Hem  'Ing,  1  flem'in:  2  flem'lng,  n.    A  native  of  Flanders;  one 

of  Flemish  blood  and  speech;  a  Belgian  of  Dutch  descent. 

[<  OD.  Vlaeminoh,  Fleming.] 
Flem'lsh,  1  flem'i.<h;  2  flem'ish.    I.  a.    1.  Of  or  pertaining  to 

Flanders.  Its  people,  literature,  or  language.    II.  n.    1.  Flem- 
ings collectively:  with  the  definite  article.    2.  The  language 

of  Flanders,  belonging  to  the  Low  German  branch  of  the 

Teutonic  languages. 
flesh,  1  flesli;  2  fle\sh.    I*,  vt.    1.  To  glut  with  or  as  with 

flesh;  satiate;  also,  to  accustom,  inure,  or  tempt  with  a 

taste  of  flesh,  as  a  hawk  or  dog.    2.  Hence,  to  make 


317 


1:  3  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sing;    film,   this.  flat 

2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  fall,   rule,   cure,   but,  burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;  thin,   this.  float 


eager  with  a  foretaste  of  anything;  embolden  with  suc- 
cess; flush.  3.  In  currying,  to  scrape  the  flesh  from. 
II.  n.  1.  The  softer  tissues  of  an  animal  body;  animal 
food  or  meat.  2.  The  material  part  of  man;  the  body  as 
opposed  to  the  soul;  the  carnal  or  sinful  nature.  3. 
Mankind  in  general ;  the  human  race.  4.  The  soft,  pulpy 
parts  of  fruits  and  vegetables.  5||.  Kin;  family  stock. 
[<  AS.  fl£sc.]— flesh  'er,rc.  1.  One  who  strips  the  flesh  from 
hides.  2.  [Scot.]  A  butcher.— flesh 'sfly",  n.  A  carnivo- 
rous dipterous  insect  that  deposits  its  eggs  or  living  larva? 
in  decaying  meat  or  other  animal  matter. — flesh'1-ness,  n. 
Plumpness;  corpulence. — flesh'lngs,  n.  pi.  Flesh=colored 
tights;  also,  tights  in  general. — flesh'less,  a. — flesh'ly,  a. 
Pertaining  to  the  body;  corporeal;  carnal;  worldly;  human. 
— flesh 'li-ness,  n.  Carnality. — flesh'ly,  adv.  Carnally. — 
flesh 'mon"ger,  n.  1.  One  who  deals  in  meat;  a  butcher. 
2.  A  procurer. — f.spot,  n.  1.  A  pot  to  cook  flesh  in.  2. 
pi.  rArchaic.)  Any  form  of  indulgence.  —  f.swound,  n. 
A  wound  that  goes  no  farther  than  the  fleshy  tissues.  — 
flesh 'y,  a.  [flesh'i-er;  flesh'i-est.)  1.  Having  much 
flesh;  plump;  corpulent;  succulent,  as  a  plant.  2.  Pertain- 
ing to  flesh  or  to  the  carnal  nature;  composed  of  flesh.  3. 
Bol.  Consisting  of  firm  pulp;  succulent.  —  proud  f.,  a 
granulated  growth  resembling  flesh  in  a  wound  or  sore  in 
process  of  healing 

fleshmentt,  n.    Pride;  the  flush  of  success. 

Flctch'er,  1  flecli'ar;  2  flech'er,  John  (1579-1625).  An  En- 
glish poet;  collaborator  of  Beaumont. 

fletet.  !'.    To  float;  swim. 

fleur"=dedis',  1  flur"=da»ll';  2  flur"=de=U',  n.  [fleurs"= 
de«lis',  pi.]  A  heraldic  device,  the  bearing  of  the  former 
royal  family  of  France.  [F.,  flower  of 
lily.]  fleur"sde=lys't;  flow"er=de=Hs't. 
— floured,  a.  Decorated  with  the  fleurs= 
de=lis.    fleur'yt. 

Fleu"ry\  1  flfj"ri';  2  flu"ry',  n.  1.  Andre 
Hercule  de  (1653-1743),  a  French  cardinal 
and  statesman.  2.  Claude  (1640-1723),  a 
French  prelate  and  historian. 

flew,  1  flu;  2  flu,  imp.  of  fly,  v. 

flews,  1  fluz;  2  flys.,  n.  pi.    The  large  chop 
or  hanging  upper  lip  of  certain  dogs,  as 
the  bloodhound. — flewed,  a.     Having     Fleur=de=lis 
large  flews;  deep-mouthed. 

flex,  1  fleks;  2  flfks.  I',  vt.  To  bend;  subject  to  flexure. 
II.  n.  A  bend;  flexure.  [<  L.  flexus,  pp.  of  flecto,  bend.] 
— flex'l-bl(ep,  a.  1.  Capable  of  being  bent,  turned,  or 
twisted,  without  breaking;  pliable;  pliant,  plastic.  2.  Tract- 
able; yielding;  compliant.  flex'll(e8l.  Syn.:  see  supple. 
— flex"l-bil'i-ty,  n.     flex 'i-bKe-nessPt.— flex '1-bly,  adv. 

flex 'ion,  flex'ion-al.    Same  as  flection,  etc. 

flex 'or,  1  fleks'ar  or  -er;  2  fleks'or,  n.  Anal.  A  muscle  that 
operates  to  produce  flexion;  as,  the  flexors  of  the  ringers. 

flex'u-ose,  1  fleks'yu-os;  2  fleks'yu-os,  a.  1.  Bot.  Bending 
gently  to  and  fro  in  opposite  directions;  zigzag.  2.  Flexuous. 

flex'u-ous,  1  fleks'yu-us;  2  fleks'yu-us,  a.  1.  Winding  or 
turning  about;  having  bends  or  turns.  2.  Unsteady;  waver- 
ing. 3.  Bol.  Flexuose.  [<  L.  flexuosus,  <  flexus;  see 
flex.]— flex'u-ous-ly,  adv. 

flex'ure,  1  flek's~hur;  2  flSk'shur,  n.  A  bending;  also,  a 
bent  part;  turn;  curve;  fold.     [fleyed,  pp.     Affrighted. 

fley,  1  fie;  2  fie.  <>.  [Scot.]  To  affright.     [<   AS.  fligan.]— 

Mi  ;i ii iii,  1  flui'om;  2  fli'arn,  n.    The  orange  rockflsh. 

fllb'bcr-tl-glb"bet,  1  fllb'ar-ti-jlb'et;  2  flil/er-ti-gib"et,  n. 
1.  An  Impulsive,  flighty,  or  gossipy  person.  2.  [F-]  In 
Shakespeare's  King  Lear,  a  flend.  fllb'l>er-dl-glb"bitl; 
fllb'ber-ty-glb"bett. 

flick,  1  flik;  2  flik.  I',  vt.  To  give  a  flip  to.  II.  n.  A 
quick,  light  stroke,  as  with  a  whip.     [Var.  of  flack.] 

flick 'er,  1  flik'ar;  2  fllk'er,  vi.  1.  To  be  unsteady  or 
wavering,  as  a  flame.  2.  To  flutter,  as  a  bird.  [  <  AS. 
flicerlan.)— flick 'er-ing,  pa.    -ly,  adv. 

flick 'er',  n.  A  waving  or  fluctuating  light;  a  flickering  or 
fluttering  motion.    Syn.:  see  light. 

flick 'er2,  n.  A  woodpecker,  especially  the  golden«winged 
woodpecker  of  eastern  North  America.  [Imitation  of 
the  bird's  note] 

lli'cr,   |  1  flui'jir;  2  fli'er,  n.     1.  That  which  flies;  a  flying 

Hy'er,  (  bird;  a  fugitive.  2.  A  rapidly  moving  piece  in  a 
machine,  3.  A  printing-press  fly.  4.  A  single  step  in  a 
straight  flight;  in  the  plural,  a  .straight  flight  of  .stairs. 
5.  [Colloq.]  One  who  or  that  which  moves  with  great 
speed,  as  a  race«horse  or  express-train.  6.  [Colloq., 
I ' ,  S  ]    A  venture,  as  in  the  stock-market. 

flight1,  1  fluit;  2  flit,  n.  1.  The  act,  process,  or  power  of 
flying;  swift  movement  of  any  kind;  also,  I  lie  distance 
traveled,  as  by  a  projectile.  2.  A  group,  Sock,  or  awarm 
of  flying  creatures.  3.  A  soaring  ami  sustained  effort  or 
utterance.  4.  An  ascent  of  continuous  series  (of  stairs 
or  steps).  5.  A  light,  slender  arrow  for  shooting  at  long 
distances.    flight'<ar"rowJ.     [  <  AS.  flyht,  <  fleogan. 


fly.]     Syn.:  see  career.— flight'=shot",  n.     A  bow«shot; 
the  distance  covered  by  a  flying  arrow. 

flight2,  n.  The  act  of  fleeing  or  escaping;  a  running  away. 
[  <  AS.  *  flyht,  <  fleon,  flee.] 

flight'y,  1  flait'i;  2  flit'y,  a.  Capricious;  giddy;  delirious. 
— flight'i-ly,  adv.— fllght'i-ness,  n. 

fliin'flam",  1  flim'flam";  2  flim'flam",  n.  [Slang.]  A  decep- 
tion; sham;  pretense;  specif.,  a  process  of  cheating  a  person 
when  making  change. — flim'flani",  v. — flim'flam"mer,  n. 

flim'sy,  1  flim'zi;  2  fUm'gy.  I.  a.  [flim'si-er;  flim'si- 
est.]  Lacking  substantial  texture  or  structure;  thin 
and  weak;  ineffective.  II.  n.  [flim'sies2,  pi.]  1.  A  thin 
transfer=paper.  2.  [Eng.]  In  journalism,  a  dispatch  or 
article  received  on  transfer=paper.  3.  [Slang,  Eng.]  A 
bank-note.  [<  W.  llymsi,  slow.] — flini'si-ly,  adv. — 
flim'si-ness,  n. 

flinch1,  1  flincn;  2  flinch,  vi.  1.  To  shrink  back,  as  from 
pain  or  danger;  waver;  wince.  2.  In  croquet,  to  allow 
the  foot  to  slip  from  a  ball  in  making  a  stroke.  [Prob. 
<  F.  flechir,  <  L.  flexus;  see  flex.] 

flinch,  n.    The  act  of  flinching,  in  any  sense. 

Ilin 'dor,  1  flin'der;  2  flin'der,  n.  A  small  fragment;  splinter; 
shred:  usually  in  the  plural.    [<  Norw.  flindra,  splinter.] 

fling,  1  fliij;  2  fling,  v.  [flung;  fling'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
cast  with  force  or  suddenness;  throw;  hurl;  sling:  often 
with  off  or  away.  2.  To  throw  to  the  ground;  hence, 
to  worst;  overpower.  3.  To  send  forth;  give  out;  emit 
freely.  II.  i.  1.  To  throw  a  missile;  cast  aspersions; 
flout:  often  with  at.  2.  To  kick  out,  as  a  horse;  start  and 
rush  with  impatience  or  passion;  dash;  flounce;  rush. 

fling,  n.  1.  The  act  of  casting  out,  down,  or  away;  a  sling. 
2.  A  sneering  insinuation;  aspersion.  3.  A  kick,  flounce, 
leap.or  the  like.  4.  Free  range  for  action  or  indulgencee; 
dash;  swagger.  5.  A  lively  Scotch  dance.  [<  Ice. 
flcngja,  whip,  ride  furiously.] 

flint,  1  flint;  2  flint,  n.  1.  A  hard,  dull=colored  variety  of 
quartz.  2.  A  piece  of  such  stone,  shaped  for  some 
purpose,  as  for  striking  fire.  3.  Anything  very  hard,  ob- 
durate, or  cruel.  [<  AS.  flint.] — flint'=lock",  n.  A 
gun=lock  in  which  a  flint  was  used  to  ignite  the  powder  in  the 
pan. — flint 'lock",  n.    A  lirearm  with  a  flint=lock. 

flint'y.o.  [flint'i-eb;  flint'i-est.]  Made  of,  containing,  or 
resembling  flint;  hard;  cruel;  obdurate.  Syn.:  see  hard. — 
flint'i-ness,  n. 

flip,  1  flip;  2  flip,  vt.  [flipped',  flipt3;  flip'ping.]  1.  To 
snap  or  flick;  toss  or  throw  lightly  and  quickly.  2.  To 
strike  or  remove  with  a  slight,  quick  motion.  [A  form 
of  flap.]  (toss;  snap;  fillip;  flick. 

flip1,  n.    A  quick  movement  of  the  hand  or  finger;  sudden 

flip2,  n.  A  drink  made  with  some  liquor,  as  sherry,  mixed 
with  an  egg  and  spiced  and  sugared. 

flip 'pant,  1  flip'ant;  2  flip'ant,  a.  Light,  pert,  and  tri- 
fling; shallow  and  impertinent.  [<  Ice.  fleipa,  prattle.] 
— flip'pan-cy,  n.    flip'pant-nesst.— fllp'pant-ly,  adv. 

flip'per,  1  flip'ar;  2  flip'er,  n.  A  limb  used  to  swim  with, 
as  in  seals,  turtles,  etc. 

flirtd,  1  flurt;  2  flirt,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  fling,  jerk,  or  wave 
lightly  and  quickly.  2.  To  jeer  at;  flout.  II.  i.  1.  To 
make  love  for  mere  amusement;  coquet.  2.  To  flout; 
flounce.  3.  To  act  giddily  or  flippantly.  4.  To  jeer; 
scoff.  [<  AS.  fleard,  foolish  thing.] — Hir-ta'tion,  n. 
Insincere  love-maklng.  fllrt'lngl.  —  flir-ta'tlous,  a. 
-ness,  n. 

flirt,  n.  1.  A  person,  especially  a  woman,  who  flirts;  a 
coquette;  trifler.  2.  The  act  of  flirting,  in  any  sense;  a 
flirting  motion;  toss;  fling;  jeer. — Hirt'«gill"t,  n.  A  for- 
ward or  frivolous  girl. 

flit,  1  flit;  2  flit,  vi.  [fiat'ted6;  flit'ting.]  1.  To  fly  or 
move  rapidly  and  lightly;  dart;  skim;  scud.  2.  [Scot.] 
To  remove.  [ME.  flitten,  <  Sw.flvtta,  flit.]  Syn.:  see  FLY, 
— flit'ting,  n. 

flitch,  1  flidi;  2  flich,  n.  1.  A  side  (of  a  hog)  Baited  and 
cured;  side  of  bacon.  2.  A  strip  or  steak  cut  from  the 
side  of  certain  fishes,  smoked  or  adapted  lor  smoking. 
[<  AS.  flica  ] 

fllte,  1  fluit;  2  flit.  IProv.  Eng.  &  Scot,]  I«.  vt.  To  scold; 
quarrel.  II.  n.  A  quarreling;  railing;  scolding.  I-  as 
/num.)  [fly'tert. 

fllt'er,  1  fltilt'ar;  2  fllt'cr,  n.  [I'rov.  Eng    a  Scot  I    \  scold. 
fllt'ter1, 1  fllt'ar;  2  fllt'cr,  vt.  &  vi.  [Prov.  Eng,  A  Scot.]  1.  To 

flutter.   2.  To  droop. 
fllt'ter2t,  vi.    To  scatter;  dissipate 
lilt 'lor',  n.     one  who  flits. 

fllt'ter*,  n.    l.  [Colloq.]  a  shred;  rag;  tatter;  Under.    2.  A 

thin  lilt  or  hits  of  tin,  brass,  or  the  like,  used  in  decorative 

work.    [Cp.  G.  flitter,  spangle.]  [/<M    a  bat. 

till 'lor-iuouso",  1   fllt'.ir-miuis".  ;.'  flil'ei-nious",  n.     [-Mil  i  \ 

lllv'ver,  n       [(  'ollo<|.,  1 1.  S  )      A  motor  rat  ol  rlieap  grade. 

floatd,  1  flfit;  2  Hot,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  hold  up  and  cause  to 
move  on  or  near  the  surface  ol  8  liquid  or  fluid.    2.  To 


I  i  Ol  o;    i.nt.rtr;   full,  rule;   liut.  Iiflrn; 

i  I        B;    I        •  .  (■•>.  mil.  iii,  won,    HIS 


n.. 


11...  k 


11...  k  .     I 


••       :   .-    -  ::••   •  .-   ap 
Ben  to  u»: 

to  «pplte«l  to  bird*  and 

i-  <-■  :.:.■_■  |  •■    ■ :.,   ;..— , 
,     !  |rarri'!i:w  a 

) 

II..  Z. 

II.MXl      , 

\''1       "..        '..'". 

fll  ...<).                          1. 

tagtki  *ow    '     ■••■  ' 

hJ«b--*ar'T  or  high-tide 


II  i 

■ 

v  in  n  fliil'l 

■     .  I 

II..  ll    I II  w  I  I 

I 
II 

V 

appliances,  as 

:i.    \   lowbodied 

I.  \  dock 

r  rock* 

ti.   \  me- 

- 

•  a  water* 
ship.) 

I.  Resembling 

or  hki-  the  down 

waxy  se- 

I  Makes.     |<   L. 

il...   i  u-lenre,        Hoc  'cu-len-ej  : . 

I  .  ther  gregarious- 

II.         I.  A  i ■ . . 1 1 1 1 . .- 1 1 1 >•  ..r  col- 

'.' .   \  con- 

:{.    Vi      norg   nized  c<  im- 

~  ..rig.  of  birds, 

II.  n.  1.  Finely 
..l'dust.  2.  A 
wool.    [Cp.  L. 


ompany.  covey,  drove,  group,  hatch. 

■  .   -  •  Di  r;il  word 

er  of  objecu   whether  of 

The  Individuals  In  a 

be  other 

'  ' •  ■  ■.      and  birds. 

:.  bring  forth  many  young  at 

'  puppies; 

•  ly  of  any  bright  and 

•• 

of  quail, 

i  pack  of 

■ 

1  or  fig- 

r  Berwlck«oo> 

woj    To 
I 
lAK'glBC,   n. 
I 

.   abun- 
1 1 

Hood  'lng,  n     1 . 

tide  :it 

;-  m.  as  of 

I  ply.    *. 

[<  AS.  jh.il, 

rent  for 
f.  mark,  n      A 
f-  tide,  .,     Same  as  flood. 


HiMir.  i  I.    '      I.  To  cover  or  provide  with 

.'.  i . .  throw  down  to  or  as  to  the  Boor;  over- 

.,   vannuish     $.   to  place  near  or  on  the  Boor, 

ii  i.    iii.-  bottom  surface  in  ■  room  or  building; 

1        pace   I.,  tween   an)    t»..   moh 

'.'.  In  am  parliamentarj  body,  the  part  ol  the 

hail  appropri  iti  d  I ibers;  hence,  the  rignl  to  ^p<  ;ik 

at  a  given  time  and  to  the  i  kcIu  i f  others.    I  •     \s 

iii.iir  i.  hi    area  of  ■  Door;  Qoorapaoo, 

ii. .or  int.         i.  Material  for  the  muting  of  a  Dooi      -. 
i  loon  colloctlvely;  a  Door.     floor'«walk"eri  n.    [TJ.  s  ]  in 
i  store,  ..n<'  «ii"  oversees  the  employees  on  a  Door, 
imi : 
Mop.  i  nop;  l'  flop,  i  A  a.    Same  as  n  if 
il, i  r.i.  !   f|i    re;  2  Flfl'ra,  n      I.  tato  of  planl  - 

indigenous  to  a  country  or  district     '.'.  |l    ]  Rotn    Myth 
roddess  ol  flowers.     [L.,   <  flos  C/Ior-),  flower.] — 
do 'rail,  a,    i  'f.  like,  or  pertaining  to  Dowers. 
flor'ence,  1  Der'ens:  2  flfli  i  torlc  olty  (pop.  283,- 

\  central  Italj      Flor'en-tlne,  a  A-n 
ilo-ro-Yeiicc,  l  flo-res'ens;  2  flo-res'Snc,  »    /'"(.  1.  The 
state  ..i  being  in  blossom,     2.  Inflorescence.     [<   L, 
co.  Inceptive  of  floreo,  bloom.)— flo-res 'cent,  a.     l.\- 
panding  Into  Mowers. 

iiu'r.i.  l  flO'ret;  2  flO'ret,  n.    I.  Hot.  A.  Uttle  flower;  one  of  the 

small  Individual  Mowers  Ilia!  make  up  a  Cluster  Or  head,  as  in 

sunflowers,  dandelions,  etc  .  "f  the  aster  family.    '£.  A  silk 

yarn  or  floss.    [<  F.fleurette,  <  I.,  flog  (/tor-),  flower.] 
Ho' Wan',  1  fir.'rl  uii':  2  fW'rf'an',  Jean  P.  C.  (1755-1794). 

Chevalier  de,  a  French  writer;  Fables,  etc. 
Ilo'rl-eiil-fure,  1  rio'rl-luil-chur  or  -llur;  2  fld'rl-eul-chur  or 

-tilr,   r».     The  cultivation  Of  Mowers  or  ornamental  plants. 

Syn.:  see  igrii  t  i.tihk. 

Ho  "rl-eul'tur-al,  n.  —  flo"rl-curtur-lst,  n. 
Ilor'iil,  1  i'lor'id;2  florid,  a.    I.  Having  a  bright  color;  of 

a  lively  reddish  hue.    2.  Excessively  ornate.    '.I.  Bloom- 
ing; flowery.    |<  L.ftoridus,  <  ftos,  flower.] — flo-rid'i- 

i>,         Hor'id-iit'ss{. — flor'id-ly,  adv. 
Flnr'l-da,  1  flnr'i-d;i:  2  fl6r'l-da.  n.    The  southernmost    VI 

lanOc  State  (58,666  s.|     m  ;   pop.  921,560)   of  the  United 

Btates;  Capital,  Tallahassee. 
Hor  'l-«la  Keys.    A  chain  of  Islands  and  sand-banks  extending 

for  220  miles  along  the  southern  extremity  of  Florida. 
flo-rlf'er-ous,  1  flo-rif'ar-us;  2  flo-rif'er-us.  a.  Bol.  bearing 

Mowers.     [<  h.flOS,  Mower,  +  L.fero,  bear.] 
Ilor'iu,  1  flor'in;  2  fl6r'in,  n.     A  European  silver  coin; 

also,  a  gold  coin  of  Tuscany.    See  coin.    [F.] 
Flo'rl-O,  1  flo'n-o;  2  flo'ri-o,  John  (15537-1625).    An  English 

teacher  and  writer;  translator  of  Montaigne's  Essays. 
flo'list,  1  flo'nst  or  fler'ist;  2  flo'rist  or  flor'ist,  n.     A 

grower  of  or  dealer  in  flowers.    [  <  L.  flos  (flor-),  flower.] 
flor'j  sshet,  t .    To  flourish;  cause  to  prosper. 
floss1,  1  flos;  2  fl5s,  n.    1.  Floss-silk.    2.  The  silk  of  some 

plants,   as  Indian  corn.      [  <   L."  fluxus,  fluid,  loose, 
fluss'ssllk",   n.     A  soft,  downy  embroidery-silk. 

Ilo^h  'jsllk";.— floss'y,  a.    Of,  pertaining  to,  or  like  floss; 

light;  downy.  [G.  floss,  raft.] 

Moss-,  n.     A  slag  that  floats  on  molten  metal.    JProb.   < 
flo'tage,  1  flo'tij;  2  flo'tag,  n.     1.  Things  that  float,  col- 

lectively.    2.  The  capacity  of  anything  to  buoy  up  or  to 

float.     [<  F.  flottage,  <  /latter,  float.]— flo-ta'tion,  n. 

1.  The  act  or  state  of  floating.    2.  The  science  of  bodies  that 

Moat. 

flo-til'la,  1  flo-til'a;  2  flo-tlVa,  n.    A  fleet  of  small  vessels; 

all  fleet.    [Sp.,  <  flota,  fleet.] 
flo'tow,  1  flo'to;  2  flo'to.  Friedrlch  F.  A.  von  (1812-1883). 

\  German  opero»com poser;  Martha,  Zilda,  etc. 
flot'sam,  1  flet'sam;  2  flot'sam,  n.    1.  Law.  Goods  cast 
•. ept  from  a  vessel  into  the  sea  and  found  floating. 
Compare  jetsam.     2.  Any  objects  floating  on  the  sea. 
[<  F.  flottcr,  float;  see  flotage.] 
flounce',  1  flauns;  2  flounc.    l.vt.    [flounced1;  flounc'- 
ini;.]    To  furnish  with  flounces.      II.  n.     A  gathered  or 
plaited  strip  on  a  skirt.      [  <    F.  froncer,  wrir.kle.] — 
llouiic'ing,  n.    1.  Material  for  flounces.    2.  Flounces  col- 
lect ively. 
flounce2.     I.  vi.     [flounced1;   flounc'ing.]     To  fling 
If  about  petulantly.    II.  n.    The  act  of  flouncing;  a 
fling.     [  <  Old.  Sw.  Jlunsa,  plunge.] 
Boan'der,  1  flaun'dar;  2  floun'dcr,  ri.     To  stumble  or 
through    weakness   or   uncertain   footing. 
I  i         '  tern,  Map.  splash  through  mire.] 
floun'dcr1,  n.    One  of  certain  species  of  flatfish,  valued  as 

&  '    i  CSB      [  <  Sw.  flundra.] 
floun'dcr2,  n.     A  stumbling  or  struggling  motion. 
flour,  1  flour;  2  flour,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  grind  into  flour;  pul- 
verize.   2.  To  sprinkle  flour  upon.    II.  i.    To  break  up 
into  minute  globules,  as  mercury  in  the  amalgamation 
process. 
flour,  n.    1.  The  ground  and  bolted  substance  of  wheat. 


1:8  =  final;    I  =  hablt£   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    rj  =  sires;    thin,   this.  float 

319   2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,    rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,  fllioroscope 


2.  The  finely  ground  substance  of  any  specified  cereal; 
as,  rye  flour.  3.  Any  finely  powdered  substance.  4. 
Loose,  finely  crystallized  saltpeter,  used  in  making  gun- 
powder. [Earlier  spelling  of  flower.) — Graham  flour, 
unbolted  wheat>flour. — flour  'y,  a.  Like,  made  of,  or  sprin- 
kled with  flour. 

flour'ish1, )  1  flur'isTi;  2  flur'ish,  v.     I.  t.     1.  To  swing 

flur'ishp,  J  about  or  brandish.  2.  To  embellish  with 
flourishes.  II.  i.  1.  To  be  thriving  or  prosperous.  2. 
To  swing  or  wave  about.  3.  To  ornament  or  embellish 
writing  or  the  like  with  flourishes.  4.  Mus.  (1)  To 
play  in  a  brilliant  and  dashing  style.  (2)  To  sound  a 
fanfare.  5.  To  boast.  6t-  To  flower.  [  <  L.  floresco,  < 
floreo;  see  flower,  v.] 

Syn.:  advance,  blossom,  flower,  gain,  grow,  increase,  pros- 
per, thrive.  See  flaunt;  gain;  succeed. — Ant.:  see  syn- 
onyms for  fall. — flour 'ish-ing,  pa.  Thriving;  prosper- 
ous,    -ly,  adv. 

flour 'ish,  n.  1.  An  ornamental  mark  or  design,  especially 
a  sweeping  stroke,  as  in  writing  or  embroidery;  anything 
done  for  display  alone.  2.  The  act  of  brandishing  or 
waving.  3.  Mus.  A  passage  for  display.  Syn.:  see  osten- 
tation. 

flout,  1  flaut;  2  flout.  Id.  vt.  &  vi.  To  scoff  at;  jeer.  II. 
n.  A  gibe;  scoff.  [Cp.  MD.  fluyten,  jeer.]  Syn.:  see  mock. 
— flout 'er,  re.— flout'ing-ly,  adv. 

flow,  1  flo;  2  flo,  v.  I.  t.  To  inundate  with  water;  over- 
flow; flood.  II.  i.  1.  To  move  along  smoothly,  as  a 
stream;  glide.  2.  To  proceed  from  a  source;  issue;  re- 
sult. 3.  To  come  in  or  rise,  as  the  tide:  opposed  to  ebb. 
4.  To  wave,  as  in  a  breeze;  float.  5.  To  abound.  [< 
AS.  flowan.]  Syn.:  abound,  glide,  issue,  run,  stream.  See 
arise. — Ant.:  see  abate. — flow'ing,  pa.  &  re. 

flow1,  re.  1.  The  act  of  flowing,  or  that  which  flows;  a  con- 
tinuous stream  or  current.    2.  The  incoming  of  the  tide. 

3.  The  quantity,  as  of  water,  that  passes  through  an 
orifice  or  by  a  given  point  in  a  given  time.  4.  A  copious 
outpouring:  abundant  supply.    Syn.:  see  stream. 

flow-,  re.  [Scot.]  A  wet  or  marshy  tract  of  ground;  morass. 
[<  Ice.  floi,  <  floa.  flood.]— flow'=bog",  n.  [Scot.  &  Ir]  A 
bog  of  peat  or  moss  that  rises  and  falls  with  the  water. 
flow'=moss"t. 

flow'er,  1  flau'ar;  2  flow'er,  v.  I.  t.  To  decorate  with 
flowers  or  flower=work.  II.  i.  To  put  forth  flowers; 
bloom;  blossom.  [<  OF.  florir,  <  L.  floreo,  <  flos 
Wor-),  flower.]    Syn.:  see  flourish. 

flow'er,  n.  1.  Bot.  (1)  The  organ  or  the  combination  of 
organs  of  reproduction  in  a  plant ;  blossom;  bloom.  (2) 
In  mosses,  the  reproductive  organs  with  their  enveloping 
or  associated  leaves.  See  illus.  on  next  page.  2.  A  flow- 
ering plant.  3.  The  brightest,  finest,  choicest  part, 
period,  or  specimen  of  anything.  4.  Any  flowerdike 
ornament;  in  rhetoric,  a  figure  of  speech.  5.  pi.  Avery 
light  powder  obtained  by  sublimation;  flour.  [<  OF. 
flor,  <  L.  flos  (flor-),  flower.]— flow 'er-bed",  re.  A  plot  of 
ground  in  which  flowers  are  planted. — flow'er=de=luce",  re. 
[flow'ers»de=luce",  pi.]  A  flower  of  the  iris  kind;  fleur» 
de=lis. — f.spot,  re.  A  pot  filled  with  earth  for  holding  grow- 
ing plants. — flow'er-et,  re.  A  small  flower,  or  a  floret. — 
flow'er-less,  a. — flow'er-y,  a.  Abounding  with  flowers; 
flowered;  florid;  figurative;  poetic. — flow'cr-i-ly,  adv. — 
flow'er-1-ness,  re. 

flown,  1  flon;2  flon,  pp.  of  fly,  v. 

flown,  a.  1.  Coated,  as  a  glaze,  with  color  freely  blended  or 
flowed.  2.  Naul.  Eased  off;  slack;  as  a  sheet.  3t.  Flooded; 
steeped.    [  <  AS.  fluuen,  pp.  of  flowan,  flow.] 

flox'=sllk"§,  re.    Same  as  flohs«silk. 

JIim-'I  n-.ili  ,  1  fluk'eliu-et;  2  fliic'chu-at,  vt.  &  vi.  [-at"- 
EDd ;  -at"ino.1  1.  To  move,  or  cause  to  move,  like  waves; 
undulate.  2.  To  pass  backward  and  forward  irregularly 
from  one  state  to  another;  waver;  oscillate.  [<  L. 
flucluatus,  pp.  of  Jluctuo,  <  fluents,  wave.] 

Syn.:  hesitate,  oscillate,  swerve,  undulate,  vacillate,  vary, 
veer,  waver.  To  fluctuate  (L.  fluctus,  a  wave)  Is  to  move  like 
a  wave  with  alternate  rise  and  fall.  A  pendulum  OSCillaU g," 
waves  fluctuate  or  undulate;  a  light  or  a  flame  wavCTSi  1 
frightened  meed  sirerris  from  his  course;  a  tool  or  weapon 

swerves  from  the  mars  or  line;  the  temperature  varies;  the 

wind   veers  when   It,  suddenly  Changes   lis  direction,     That 

which  veers  may  steadily  hold  the  new  direction;  that  which 

oscillates,  fluctuates,  undulates,  or  wavers  returns  upon  lis 
way.  As  regards  mental  states,  he  who  hisitatt  HllckS  'I.. 
hsererc)  on  the  verge  of  decision;  he  who  waveT8  dens  not 
stick  to  a  decision;  he  who  vacillates  decides  now  one  way, 
and  now  another;  one  vacillates  between  contrasted  deci- 
sions or  actions;  he  may  waver  between  decision  and  Inde- 
cision, or  between  action  and  Inaction.  Persons  hesitate, 
vacillate,  waver;  feelings  fluctuate  or  vary.  <  'ompare  simki;. 
Ant.:  abide,  adhere,  hold  fast,  persist,  Stand  fast,  stay,  st  Irk. 
— flue"tu-a-l>M'l-ty,  n. — fluc'tu-a-hlU'i',  a.  fluc'tu- 
ant,  a.    1.  Med.  Showing  fluctuation,  as  a  tumor.    2.  Mov- 


ing or  shaped  like  a  wave. — fluc"tu-a'tlon,  re.  Frequent 
irregular  change;  varying  movement  or  action. 

flue1,  1  flu;  2  flu,  re.  1.  A  channel  or  passage  for  smoke, 
air,  or  gases  of  combustion;  a  chimney.  2.  An  organ» 
pipe  of  flute  or  diapason  quality.  [Cp.  OF.  flue,  a 
flowing.]  [Cp.  F.  fiou,  light,  <  G.  flau,  weak.] 

flue2,  n.    Any  fine  flock=like  refuse  of  wool  or  the  like;  lint. 

flu'ent,  1  flu'ent;  2  flu'ent,  a.  1.  Ready  in  speaking  or 
writing;  voluble;  copious.  2.  Marked  by  fluency;  flow- 
ing; smooth.  3.  Flowing  freely;  mobile;  changeable. 
[<  L.  flucn(t-)s,  ppr.  of  fluo,  flow.]— flu'en-cy,  re.  The 
quality  of  being  fluent;  readiness  and  ease  of  speech  or  ex- 
pression,   flu'ent-nesst.— flu'ent-ly,  adv. 

fluff1,  1  fluf;  2  fluf,  n.  1.  Nap  or  down.  2.  Anything 
downy  or  fluffy.  [Cp.  flue,  n.\— fluff'y,  o.  Downy; 
feathery. — fluff 'i-ness,  re. 

fluff2,  n.  A  flash,  as  of  loose  powder;  puff.     [Imitative.] 

flu'id,  1  flu'id;  2  flu'id.  I.  a.  Capable  of  flowing;  liquid 
or  gaseous.  II.  n.  A  substance  that  yields  to  any  force 
tending  to  change  its  form;  a  liquid  or  gas.  [<  L. 
fluidus,  <  fluo,  flow.] 

Syn.:  gas,  liquid.  A  fluid  is  a  substance  that,  like  air  or 
water,  yields  to  any  force  that  tends  to  change  its  form;  a 
liquid  is  a  body  in  that  state  in  which  the  particles  move 
freely  among  themselves,  but  remain  in  one  mass,  keeping 
the  same  volume,  but  taking  always  the  form  of  the  con- 
taining vessel;  a  liquid  Is  an  inelastic  fluid;  a  gas  is  an  elastic 
fluid  that  tends  to  expand^  to  the  utmost  limits  of  the  con- 
taining space.  AH  liquids'  are  fluids,  but  not  all  fluids  are 
liquids;  air  and  all  the  gases  are  fluids,  but  they  are  not 
liquids  under  ordinary  circumstances,  tho  capable  of  being 
reduced  to  a  liquid  form  by  special  means,  as  by  cold  and 
pressure.  Water  at  the  ordinary  temperature  is  at  once  a 
fluid  and  a  liquid. — Ant.:  solid.— flu-id  'i-ty,  n.  The  state 
or  quality  of  being  fluid,     flu'id-nessj. 

fluke1,  1  fluk;  2  fluk,  re.  1.  The  part  of  an  anchor  that 
holds  to  the  ground.  2.  One  of  the  lobes  of  the  tail  of  a 
whale.  3.  A  barb  on  a  harpoon.  4.  A  flunk:  said  of  a 
kick  in  football.    [Perhaps  <  G.  flunk,  fluke,  wing.] 

fluke2,  n.  1.  A  leaHike  parasitic  worm  infesting  sheep, 
and  also  man  and  other  animals.  2.  [Brit.]  A  flatfish 
or  flounder.    [  <  AS.  floe,  plaice.] 

fluke3,  re.  [Slang.]  1.  A  lucky  stroke  or  accident,  as  in  billiards, 
etc.  2.  A  failure;  disappointment. — fluk'y,  a.  1.  Occurring 
by  lucky  chance.    2.  Variable;  capricious;  as  wind. 

flume,  1  flum;2  flym,  re.  1.  A  conduit,  asforamill=wheel. 
2.  A  narrow  passage  through  which  a  torrent  passes.  3. 
A  chute.    [  <  L._OF  flumen,  river.]    Syn.:  see  stream. 

flu'mi-nous,  1  flu'mi-nus;  2  flu/nii-nus,  a.  Of  or  pertaining 
to  rivers;  watered  by  streams.    [  <  L.  flumen  (flumin-) ,  river. 

flum'mer-y1,  1  flum'ar-i;  2  flum'er-y,  re.  1.  A  light  dish 
made  of  flour  or  corn=starch;  blancmange.  2.  A  glu- 
tinous refuse  product  of  the  manufacture  of  wheat* 
starch.  3.  Originally,  a  dish  of  oatmeal  steeped  in  water 
and  turned  sour.    [  <  W.  Uyw.ru,  flummery.] 

flum'mer-y2,  re.  Anything  vapid  or  insipid;  empty  com- 
pliment; flimsy  show;  humbug.  [Prob.  <  flum,  var.  of 
flam.] 

flung,  1  flurj ;  2  flung,  imp.  &  pp.  of  fling,  v. 

flunk',  1  flunk;  2  flunk,!).  [Slang,  U.  S.]  \.t.  To  make  a  failure 
of;  shirk.  II.  i.  To  break  down  or  back  out;  fail  utterly. 
[A  form  of  funk;  cp.  Old  Flem.  fonck,  agitation! 

flunky,     I  1  floij'ki;  2  flun'ky,  n.     [PLXTNK'lBS8,  pi.]     1. 

flunk'ey,  }  An  obsequious  fellow;  servile  imitator;  toady. 
2.  [Colloq.]  A  servant  in  livery.  [Allied  to  flank,  v.] — 
flunk  'y-ism,  n. 

flu'or,  1  flu'or;  2  flu'or,  n.  A  cleavable,  vitreous  com- 
pound of  calcium  and  fluorin,  phosphorescing  when 
heated.  [LL.,  <  L.  fluo,  flow.]  flu'or-itej;  flu'or- 
sparj. 

flu"o-res'cence,  1  flu"o-res'ens;  2  flu*o-r8s'8nc,  n.  Tho 
power  by  which  some  substances,  when  illuminated, 
give  off  light  of  a  color  differing  from  their  own;  also, 
the  light  so  given  off.  —  llu"o-ri>s't'Ciit,  a.  Showing  or 
produced  by  fluorescence,    fluorescent  lamp,  an  electric 

lamp  having  a  glass  globe  whose  Inner  sides  are  covered  w  H  h 

a  fluorescent  substance.  [derived  from  fiuorln  or  fluor. 

flu-or'if,  I  flu-or'ik;  2  flu-or'le,  a.     clittn.     Pertaining  to  or 

llu'o-rid,    i  l  riu'o-rid,  -rid  or  -rald;2  flu'o-rld,  -rid  or  rid,  n. 

Illl'o-rlde,  <t  ('hem.  A  binary  compound  of  lluorin:  sometimes 
regarded  as  a  salt  of  hydrolluorlc  acid.    Ilu 'or-atcj. 

flu'o-rin,    )  1  flu'o-rin  or  -rln;  2  flu'o-rln  or  -tin,  n.  '  %  m. 
flu'o-rine, )  A  pale»greenish  gaseous  element.    See  ele- 
ment. 
Hu'or-o-seope,  1   flu'er-o-skop;  2  fl\j'6r-o-se6p,  n.     A 

device  for  observing,  by  means  of  some  fluorescent  .sub- 
stance, the  shadows  of  objects  enclosed  in  media  opaque 
to  ordinary  light,  but  transparent  to  Roentgen  rays.  [< 
i  i.i  ok  i  -scope.]  flu"or-o-scop'ic,  a.-  flu"OT-08'co-py, 
n.    Examination  conducted  by  means  of  a  lluoroscope. 


FI.OV. 

Narcissus.     4.  Daisy.     5.  Harebell.     6.  Mornlng'glory.  7.  Mountain-laurel.    8.  Honey- 

•  pea.     12.  Forgeume-not.    13.  Artichoke.  14.  Pansy 16.  Easter  lily .6. 

•   i  -,.,-     20.  orchid.     21.  Touch-me-not.  22.  Magnolia.     23.  Water-lily. 
27.  Hyacinth. 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  owt;    ell;    10  =  feud;    diin;    go;    rj  =  smi?;    fhin,   this.         flurry 
321  2:  wolf,  d«;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thm,    this.  IOCUS 


flur'ry,  1  flur'i;2  flur'y.  l.vt.  [flur'ried;  flur'ry-ing.] 
To  bewilder  or  confuse;  agitate;  fluster.  II.  n.  [flur'- 
riesz,  pi.]  A  sudden  commotion;  nervous  agitation; 
flutter;  hurry;  a  light  gust  of  wind.  [  <  Sw.  flurig,  dis- 
ordered.]   Syn.:  see  tumult. 

flush1',  1  flush;  2  flush,  vt.  &  vi.  To  redden,  as  with 
blood;  blush;  glow.    [  <  Sw.  dial,  flossa,  burn.] 

flush2',  vt.  &  vi.  To  deluge  or  be  filled  with  water;  wash 
out.    [Perhaps  of  OD.  origin.] 

flush3',  vt.  &  vi.  To  drive  or  be  startled  from  cover;  start 
up,  as  birds.    [  <  ME.  flusshen.] 

flush",  vt.  To  encourage  and  excite;  elate:  chiefly  in  the 
past  participle.    [Corr.  of  flesh,  v.] 

flush5',  vt.    To  make  flush  or  even:  often  with  up. 

flush1,  a.    Level;  even.    [  <  flush2,  a.]  [  <  flush5,  n.] 

flush2,  a.    1.  Full;  copious.    2.  Well  supplied  with  money. 

flush3,  a.    Full  of  life;  vigorous.    [<  flush1,  v.] 

flush1,  n.  1.  A  heightened  color;  warm  glow;  blush.  2. 
Sudden  elation  or  excitement.  3.  A  blossoming  out; 
bloom.  [startled  from  cover. 

flush2,  ii.     The  act  of  flushing  a  bird;  a  bird  or  birds 

flush3,  n.  In  poker,  cribbage,  or  piquet,  a  hand  of  cards 
all  of  one  suit.    [  <  L.OF  fluxus,  a  flow.] 

flush4,  n.    A  sudden  gush  or  rush  of  water. 

flush5,  n.  1.  Abundance.  2.  [Prov.  Eng.]  A  large  num- 
ber.   [  <  flush3,  n.] 

Flush  'Ing,  1  flusTi'in;2  flush'ing,  n.  A  fortified  seaport  (pop. 
22,000)  of  the  Netherlands,  on  the  English  Channel. 

flus'ter,  1  flus'tar;  2  fliis'ter.  l.vt.  To  throw  into  a  con- 
fused state;  confuse;  flurry;  intoxicate.  II.  n.  Confu- 
sion of  mind;  flurry;  intoxication.  [<  Ice.  flaustra,  be 
flustered.]  [befuddle. 

flus'trated,  1  II  us' tret;  2  flus'trat,  vt.    [Colloq.]    To  fluster; 

flute,  1  flat;  2  flut,  v.  [flut'ed11;  flut'ing.]  1. 1.  1.  To 
play,  sing,  or  utter  with  flute-like  tones.  2.  To  corru- 
gate; crimp.  II.  i.  To  play  on  a  flute;  make  a  flute- 
likesound. — flut'ed,  pa.  1.  Exhibiting  parallel  grooves 
or  flutes.  2.  Having  the  tone  of  a  flute. — flut'ing,  n.  1. 
A  flute  or  groove;  flutes  or  grooves  collectively;  fluted  work. 
2.  A  crimp,  as  in  a  woman's  ruffle.  3.  The  act  of  making  a 
flute,  as  by  carving  a  column. 

flute,  /(.    1.  A  tubular  wind-instrument  of  small  diameter 


Flute. 

with  holes  along  the  sides.  2.  A  flute  stop  in  an  organ; 
flue.  3.  A  groove,  usually  of  semicircular  section,  as 
in  a  column;  also,  a  corrugation;  crimping.  [F.] — 
flut'ist,  n.  A  flute=player. — flut'y,  a.  Resembling  a  flute 
In  tone. 
flut'ter,  1  flut'er;  2  flut'er,  v.  I.  t.  To  shake;  agitate; 
vibrate;  fluster.  II.  i.  To  make  the  wings  vibrate 
rapidly;  move  with  quick,  beating  motions  of  the  wings; 
move  fitfully;  be  agitated.  [  <  AS.  flotorian  (freq.) ;  cp. 
float,  v.  Syn.:  see  flaunt:  shake.—  flut 'ter-er,  n. — 
flut'ter-ing-ly,  adv.  [fused  or  tumultuous  emotion. 

flut'ter,  n.  1.  The  act  of  fluttering.  2.  Agitation;  con- 
flu  'vi-al,  1  flu'vi-al;  2  flu'vi-al,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or 
formed  by  a  river.  [  <  Ii.  fluvialis,  <  fluvius,  river.] 
flu"vl-at'ict;  flu'vi-a-tlKes}. 
flux,  1  fluks;2  fliiks.  \d.vt.  To  melt  or  make  fluid;  purge; 
treat  with  a  flux,  as  in  welding.  II.  n.  1.  A  continuous 
flowing;  the  act  or  process  of  melting.  2.  Med.  A 
morbid  discharge  of  fluid  matter.  3.  A  substance  that 
promotes  the  fusing  of  minerals  or  metals.  [F.,  <  L. 
fluxus,  <  fiuo,  flow.) 

Syn.:  see  stream.—  bloody  flux,  dysentery.— flux-a'- 
tion,  n.  The  act  or  process  of  flowing;  flux. 
flux 'Ion,  1  fluk'sTian;  2  fluk'shon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  flow- 
ing or  melting;  that  which  flows  or  melts.  2.  1/.//A. 
The  rate  of  How  or  variation  of  a  changing  quantity. 
— flux'ion-al,  a.  Hux'loii-a-ryJ. 
flUX'lvet,  «.     1.  Mowing  with  tears.     2.  Variable;  Inconstant. 

fly,  1  Hoi;  2  fly,  v.    [flew;  flown;  fly'inq.]    1. 1.    I.  To 

cause    to   take    flight.      2.  To  flee 
from;  .slum.     II.  i.     1.   To  move 


in  the  air  as  by  wings 
or  by  some  mechanical 
device.  2.  To  move 
quickly;    hasten;    dart. 

3.  To  take  to  flight; 
attempt  to  escape;  flee. 

4.  To  stream  or  float  in 
air  or  water;  wave.  5.  To  be  violently  impelled;  ex- 
plode; bur  It;  often  with  into,  as  to  flu  into  a  rage.  [  < 
as.  fteOgan  \ 

Syn.:  flee,  fleet,  flit,  haste,  hasten,  run,  soar,  speed.    Bee 
escapiO.— fly'a-way",  a.    Disposed  to  Uluhtlncss;  fluttering; 


restless;  giddy. — fly 'boat",  n.  1.  A  large  flat-bottomed 
Dutch  coasting-boat.  2.  A  narrow  English  canal-boat.  3. 
A  swift  sailboat. — fly 'lug.  I.  pa.  1.  Intended  or  adapted 
for  rapid  motion;  as,  flying  artillery:  so  applied  to  various 
animals  that,  by  extended  tins  or  membranes,  make  long 
sailing  leaps  through  the  air  without  true  flight;  as,  the  flying 
squirrel,  etc.  2.  Floating  in  the  air.  3.  Unusually  extended; 
extra;  as,  a  flying  jib.  II.  n.  1.  The  act  of  flight :  flight,  as 
of  a  bird.  2.  pi.  Loose  material,  as  fibers,  floating  in  the 
air. — flying  artillery,  field-artillery  adapted  for  rapid  evolu- 
tions.— fly  'ing=fish",  n.  A  fish  with  large  pectoral  tins  that 
buoy  it  up  as  it  moves  through  the  air.  See  illus.  in  pre- 
ceding column. — f.  fox,  a  large  fruit-eating  bat  of  the  wanner 
parts  of  the  Old  World,  with  fox-like  snout,  f.  mouse, 
the  pigmy  flying  phalanger.— f.  party,  a  small  body  of 
soldiers,  equipped  for  rapid  movements, 
whose  duty  it  Is  to  harass  an  enemy.— f.  pha- 
langer, an  arboreal  marsupial  having  a  fly- 
ing membrane  along  the  sides.  —  f.  squirrel. 

1.  A  squirrel  having  on  each  side  a  fold  of  akin 
forming  a  parachute,  by  the  help  of  which  the 
animal  can  make  long  sailing  leaps.  2.  [Aus- 
tral.] '>  he  flying  phalanger. 

fly,  a.  [Slang.]  Not  easily  imposed  upon;  fully 
aware  of  what  is  wanted  or  intended;  know- 
ing; sharp;  wide-awake.  «jfe 

fly1,  n.  [flies2,  pi.]  1.  One  of 
various  small  two- winged  insects, 
as  the  common  house-  , 

fly.   2.  Some  other  fly-  ^"f/1 

ing  insect.  3.  A  fish- 
hook conceale 
feathers,  etc., 
imitate  some 
sect.  4.  [fltsz, 
pi]  Alightcar- 
riage.  [  <  AS. 
flioge,  <  fleogan, 
fly.]  —  fly'=a- 
gar"lc,  n.  A 
scarlet  species  of  mushroom 
studded  with  white  or  yellow 
warts  and  found  in  birch-woods:  used  in  a  decoction  for  de- 
stroying flies,  and  in  some  countries  as  an  intoxicant. — fly  '- 
blow",  l.vt.&vi.  [fly'blown";  fly'blow"ing.|  To  taint 
withflyblows.  II.  n.  The  egg  or  young  larva  of  ally. — fly'- 
cateb"er,  n.  A  bird  that  while  on  the  wing  habitually  cap- 
tures insects.— fly  'fishing,  n.  Theact  orsport 
of  fishing  with  natural  or  artificial  flies. 
fly=net,  n.  1.  A  net  worn  by  horses  to  kee 
off  flies.  2.  Any  netting,  as  in  a  window, 
for  excluding  insects.— fly  =paper,  n.  An 
adhesive  paper,  or  one  impregnated  with 
poison,  for  catching  or  killing  flies. — fly*  ' 
speck.  I',  vt.  To  mark  with  lly-specks. 
II.  n.  The  dot  made  by  the  excrement  i 
of  a  fly;  hence,  any  slight  speck.  —  fly «* 
trap,   n.     1.  A  trap  for  catching  flies,    flycatcher.    '/> 

2.  Bol.  The  spreading  dogbane;  also,  the  Venus's  fly- 
trap.— Venus's  flytrap,  see  Venus. 

fly2,  n.  1.  One  of  various  rapidly  moving  objects  or  de- 
vices; as,  (1)  the  fl y  of  a  printing-press,  thai  takes  the 
sheets  from  the  tapes  or  from  the  cylinder  and  lays  them 
flatin  a  pile.  (2)  That  part  of  a  flag  farthest  from  the 
staff,  or  beyond  the  canton.  2.  A  loose  overlying  part ; 
a  flap.  3.  The  condition  or  movement  of  a  ball  when 
sent  flying.  [<  fly,  ».]— fly  Meaf",  n.  A  blank  leaf  at  the 
beginning  or  end  of  a  book.  — fly 'spress",  n.  A  screw-press 
having  a  fly-wheel  or  weighted  lever  whose  momentum  adds 
force,  as  for  striking  a  medal,  flywheel,  n.  A  heavy 
wheel  whose  weight  resists  sudden  changes  of  speed,  thus 
securing  uniform  mot  ion. 

fly'er,  n.    Same  as  FLIER. 

flyte,  v.  &  a.    Same  as  FLITE. — llyt'er,  n.    A  filter. 

V.  M.,  ahhr.  Field  Marshal.  Foreign  Mission,  -fin.,  abbr. 
Fathom,      fo.,  fol.,  nbhr.     Folio. 

foal,  1  161;  2  fol.    l.vt.&vi.    To  give  birth  to  a  foal.    II. 

71.  The  young  of  an  equine  animal;  a  coll  or  a  lilly.  [  < 
AS.  fula.} 

foam,  1  fom;  2  fom.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  gather,  produce,  or 
emit  foam;  make  or  become  full  of  foam;  froth,  II.  n, 
1.  A  collection  of  minute  bubbles  forming  a  frothy 

mass.     2.   Figuratively,  rage  or  fury.      |  <   AS.  fdm.] — 

foam  'less,  a.     foam '>,</.    Covered  with  foam;  foam  like 
fob,  l  fob;  2  fob,  vt.    1.  To  late  advantage  of;  oheat;  trick. 

2t.  To  beat  or  Ill-treat.  [  <  1).  /«/'/"  "  I  to  fob  oir.  to  ills- 
pose  of  by  artifice;  get  rjd  of  cunningly;  palm  off. 

fob,  n.  A  watch  pockel  in  the  waistband  of  1  rousers,  or  a 
chain  or  ribbon  hanging  from  it.  [Cp,  G,  dial,  fuppe, 
pocket.) 

f.  ft.  b.,  abbr.     tree  on  board. 

fo'cus,  1  fo'kua;  2  fo'cus.    l.vt.  [fo'cused1  or  fo'cussed', 


Mm 


ii 


f..s  . 


I  v  ■  - 
rub. 


Ml, 


Foils. 

irurnr  In  >  wlndoK 
I  ai.trt.   New 


-    .'  fulli     . 

thrust  or  n*.- 

I..IM   •ll.li-   . 

I  indance;  plenty.    2t. 

fo>  'sont.     fol'son- 
li-   ■■  n-l.  --    :  ii/  'sen-lessl . 
fol»i  .  -  in  slyly;  palm  off. 

i  dlcr.    2.  A  eut- 

i  rencb  general. 

I  ■  l<  512).     Duke  of  Ne- 

►  "Wkr  ■  high-powered  mono- 

in  makers. 
fold  I.  •      I .    I  •  r  upon 

I!,  i     To  -hut  in 

lan  ] 
foil  ts  sheep.     [2.  An  embrace, 

fold  .1.  aether;  a  plait;  ply. 

fol<l  .         I.  :.    ■.  flork  of  Hheep;  fig- 

fil'l ) 
.    world;  ground.    (<  AS.  folde.\ 


It,  police;  0  B    net,  %t\  full.  rOle;  but,  bfirn; 

l     ,  ,       Srn;hit,loe;  I-C;  I- fl;  go.  not.  »i.  won.      BM 

i, .i.i.  Blgnlfylng  "Unn,"  "repetltlona";  as,  two/old, 

1 1  akin  I..  foaldan,  told  1  [folds. 

(older.  1  fold'or;  1"  fold'er,  n,    One  who  or  that  whioh 

i..i  ,i.  -r«>i".  l  fol'di  rel*;  2  fol'd.<  tW     I.  a.    Absurdly  tool- 

nonsensical     ii.  h     Nonsense. 
totl-a'ceous,  i  fo'ii ,  'inrs.  2  10*11  t'shus,  ii.    or  the  nature 

,.r  torn.  Of  a  leal      I  ■     \.  folium,  leaf  | 

fo  ii-.im-.  l  fo'li-ij ;  2  f A'li-ag,  n  \n\  growth  of  leaves;  a 
elusterof  lea ves;  leaves collectively.  | -^  F.feuillage,  < 
i  folium,  leaf,]  'o'II-uk<-<i.  n  Having  or  orna- 
i  »  nil  foliage. 

roll-ate,  1  foil-fit;  2  fOTi-at.  I.  if  I-at'ih'1;  -at"inc  J 
To  beat  into  a  leaf;  ooal  with  a  thin  layer  of  amalgam, 
a*  a  mirror,  II.  a,  Having  leavea;  leafy;  leafahaped; 
decorated  with  leaf-ahaped  ornaments;  beaten  into  a 
leaf  fo'll-al'Vd,  a  ro'li-a'lion,  „.  I.  Bot.  The 
leafing  out  of  plants.  >.  The  act  of  foliating  :i.  Arch.  Deo- 
oratlon  with  foliated  tracery,  4.  The  state  of  being  folla- 
oeous  or  foliated,  fo'li-a-turej.  fo'll-ose,  u.  Bearing 
leaves  or  teaMlke  appendages, 

fo'li-o,   1   !"■  .'h-o  or  lol'yo;  2  fo'li-o  or  fOl'yo.     I.  vt.     To 

number  the  pages  or  locate  the  folios  of  (a  book  or 
manuscript)  consecutively.  II.  a.  Consisting  of  or  re- 
sulting from  a  sheet  or  sheets  folded  once,  <>r  suitable  for 
folding  onoe;  having  two  leaves.  III.  n,  l.  A  sheet  of 
p.ip.r  folded  ..nee  i •!'  of  a  rise  adapted  to  folding  once. 
'!.  A  lit.tik,  or  the  like,  composed  of  sheets  folded  but 
onoe;  hence,  a  book  of  the  largest  size.  3.  The  size  of  a 
book  so  made  up.  4.  A  pane  of  a  hook;  sometimes,  in 
bookkeeping,  two  opposite  pages  numbered  alike,  fi. 
Print  The  number  of  a  page,  ti.  Law.  A  certain  num- 
ber of  words  (72-100),  recognized  as  a  unit  for  estimat- 
ing the  length  of  a  document.    7.  A  leaf  of  manuscript. 

II.  ,  abl    of  folium,  leaf. | 

folk,  1  fok;  2  fok,  ii.  1.  People  collectively.  2.  pi. 
[C'olloq.,  I".  S]  Those  of  one's  family;  relatives.  3.  A 
nation  or  rare.  [<  AS.  folc] — folk'sfree",  a.  Free: 
said  of  a  lawful  freeman. — f.dore,  n.  The  traditions,  be- 
liefs, and  customs  of  the  common  people. — folk  mote",  n. 
Eng.  Hist.  A  general  assembly  of  a  shire  or  county,  folk'- 
moiit":.- f.  right,  n.  Eng.  Law.  The  common  law  of  the 
people.— f.aSOng,  n.  A  song  or  ballad  of  the  common 
people. — f.=speech,  n.     The  language  of  common  people. 

Folke 'stone,  1  fOk'ston;  2  fok'ston,  n.  An  ancient  seaport 
anil  modern  watering-place  In  Kent,  England;  pop.  34,000. 

fol'li-ti(ep,  1  fol'i-kl;  2  fol'i-cl,  n.  A  minute  cavity,  sac, 
or  tube;  a  dry  seed«vessel;  a  cocoon.  [<  L.  funiculus, 
dim.  of  follis,  bag.)— fol-llc 'u-lar,  a. 

fol'low,  1  fol'o;  2  fol'o,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  go  or  come  after; 
accompany  as  a  subordinate;  succeed;  attend;  pursue. 
2.  To  engage  in,  as  a  trade;  obey  or  conform  to,  as  a 
precept  or  example.  3.  To  note,  watch,  or  observe,  as  a. 
moving  object  or  the  thought  of  a  discourse.  4.  To  re- 
sult from.  5.  To  strive  to  obtain.  II.  i.  1.  To  go  or 
move  behind  and  toward  something;  pursue.  2.  To  be 
a  natural  consequence.     [  <  AS.  fylgan,  folgian.] 

Syn.:  accompany,  attend,  chase,  come  after,  copy,  ensue. 
go  after,  heed.  Imitate,  obey,  observe,  practise,  pursue,  re- 
sult, succeed.  Anything  that  comes  after  or  goes  after  an- 
other, either  In  space  or  in  time.  Is  said  to  follow  It.  A  ser- 
vant follows  or  attends  his  master;  a  victorious  general  may 
follow  the  retiring  enemy  merely  to  watch  and  hold  him  in 
check;  he  chases  or  pursues  with  intent  to  overtake  and 
attack;  the  chase  is  closer  and  hotter  than  the  pursuit. 
(Compare  synonyms  for  hunt.)  One  event  may  follow 
another  either  with  or  without  special  connection;  if  it  en- 
sues, there  is  some  orderly  connection;  as,  the  ensuing  year; 
If  it  results  from  another,  there  is  some  relation  of  effect, 
consequence,  or  inference.  A  clerk  observes  his  employer's 
directions.  A  child  obeys  his  parent's  commands,  follows 
or  copies  his  example,  imitates  his  speech  and  manners. 
The  compositor  fol lows  copy;  the  incoming  succeeds  the  out- 
going official.  See  imitate. — Ant.:  advance  (beyond,  from, 
or  upon;,  anticipate,  be  ahead  of,  be  antecedent  or  anterior 
to,  be  before,  be  earlier  than,  be  in  advance  of,  be  prelimi- 
nary to,  be  previous  to,  be  prior  to.  direct,  tlee,  fly  from,  go 
ahead  of,  go  before,  go  beyond,  go  by,  go  in  advance  of,  go 
pa.si,  guide,  lead,  pass,  precede,  surpass. 

follow-er,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which  follows;  an 
adherent,  imitator,  or  attendant.  2.  Mech.  A  part  of  a 
machine  that  follows  another  part,  as  a  driven  pulley.  3. 
rCoUOQ.]  An  admirer;  especially,  a  maidservant's  beau. 
Syn.:  see  accessory;  adherent. — fol'low-lng.  I.  pa. 
Next  in  order;  succeeding  or  ensuing.  II.  n.  A  body  of  ad- 
herents or  attendants. 

fol'ly,  1  fol'i;  2  fol'y,  n.     [fol'liesz,  pi.]    1.  The  state  of 
being  foolish;  foolish   conduct,  or  its  result.     2t-   Im- 
moral conduct;  wantonness.     [<  F.  folie,    <  fol,  fool.j 
Syn.:  see  idiocy. 

fo-ment'<i,  1  fo-ment';  2  fo-m£nt',  vt.  1.  To  apply  warm 
or  medicated  lotions  to.    2.  To  stir  up  to  heat  or  vio- 


,.l  treiu 


I  \  with  fodder. 

.    -lalks 

i,  food  1 

1  ti      \     !, ..stile 

;  r  that  which 

v  hate  | 

i...   linn.  active 

I  \lpll:. 
■!.erl\    s\  llul  nf 

■ 

|  !  ....I'".    If- 

lid;  been tin    ' 

■  nded  in  the 

•.'.  Bewilder- 

.•  obscuring  a  de\  el- 

loe/  hank", 

ii  ii.  log  »  bistle,         v  born,  signal,  or 
1  irlng  a  fog  tin  the  water, 
obscure:  contused. 
.   .  foc'gt-ness, 

i  leltic; 
i...  |  ik.        fog  'gj  .  a.  I  Ivergrown 

]    A  person  of  old* 

■  ,    -t.  ward  ) 
I"  t!-l r..      The  character! 

:  contempt,  dislike,  or 

ii'n'bl,  ii.    1.  A  persona]  weakness; 

!.  The  middle  portion  of  a 

.  IF. |   Syn.:  defect,  error,  failing,  frailty, 

■ 

i .  ineffectual;  frustrate; 

en.     [<   F.  fouhr.]    Syn.:  see 


ry  thin  pliable  sheets  or  leaves. 

i  -  beneath  an 

r  luster.    3.  Hence, 

0  b>  contrast  Bome- 

1.    .         reflecting  amalgam 

■>.  A  leaf'like  division  in 

a  7?jJ&-. 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    10  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    n  =  sires;    Chin,   this.  fodder 

323      2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.      foramen 


lence;  instigate.  [<  L.F  fomento,  <  /omentum,  warm 
lotion.]  Syn.:  see  promote.  —  fo"men-ta'tlon,  n.  The 
act  of  fomenting,  in  any  sense;  any  lotion  or  medicinal  sub- 
stance used  in  fomenting.  —  fo-ment'er,  re. 

r<>n<lt,  r     I. 1.    To  fondle.    II.  I.    To  be  fond;  dote. 

fond,  1  fend;  2  fond,  a.  1.  Loving;  affectionate;  some- 
times, foolishly  affectionate.  2.  Foolishly  prized; 
trivial;  silly.  3||.  Foolish  or  simple;  silly.  [ME.  fond, 
formed,  pp.  of  fonnen,  act  as  a  fool. I  Syn.:  see  friendly. — 
fond  'ly,  adv.— fond'ness,  n. 

fon'dI(ep,  1  fon'dl;  2  fon'dl,  v.    [fon'dl(e)dp;  fon'dling.] 

1.  t.  To  handle  lovingly;  caress.  II.  i.  To  display 
fondness,  as  by  caressing.     [<  fond,  a.]    Syn.:  see  caress. 

— fon  'd ling,  n.    One  who  or  that  which  is  fondled. 

font1,  1  font;  2  font,  n.  1.  A  receptacle  for  the  water 
used  in  baptizing.  2.  A  fountain.  [<  L.A8+LI-/oreW-)s, 
fountain.] 

font2,  n.  Print.  A  full  assortment  of  type  of  a  particular 
kind.     [  <  L.F  fundo,  pour.]     foil nt j . 

Fon"talne\  1  fefrtan';  2  fon'tan',  n.     See  La  Fontaine. 

Fon"taine"bleau',  1  feh"tan"blo';  2  foh"tan"blo',  re.  A  town 
(pop.  14,000)  in  central  France. — Forest  of  Fontalne- 
bleau,  Palace  of  F.,  a  park  and  residence  of  former  French 
kings,  now  devoted  to  art*treasures. 

Fon'te-noy,  1  fen'ti-noi  or  (F.)  fehfnwa';  2  f6n'te-noy  or  (F.) 
foht'nwa',  re.  A  village  in  Hainaut,  Belgium;  French  de- 
feated English  and  allies^  1745. 

Foo"chow\  1  fu'cliau';  2  foo'chow',  n.  A  city  in  S.  E.  China; 
pop.  624,000.    Fu"chau't. 

food,  1  fud;  2  food,  re.  1.  That  which  is  eaten  or  drunk 
or  absorbed  for  nourishment;  nourishment;  nutriment; 
aliment.  2.  Nourishment  taken  in  solid  as  opposed  to 
liquid  form;  as,  food  and  drink.     [  <  AS.  foda.] 

Syn.:  aliment,  diet,  fare,  feed,  fodder,  forage,  nourishment, 
nutriment,  nutrition,  pabulum,  provender,  regimen,  suste- 
nance, viands,  victuals.  Food  is,  in  the  popular  sense,  what- 
ever one  eats  in  contradistinction  to  what  one  drinks.  Thus, 
we  speak  of  "food  and  drink,"  of  wholesome,  unwholesome, 
or  indigestible  food;  in  a  more  scientific  sense,  whatever, 
when  taken  into  an  organism,  serves  to  build  up  structure  or 
supply  waste  may  be  termed  food;  thus,  we  speak  of  liquid 
food,  plant  food,  etc.;  in  this  wider  sense  food  is  closely  synon- 
ymous with  nutriment,  nourishment,  and  sustenance.  Vic- 
tuals is  a  plain,  homely  word  for  whatever  may  be  eaten; 
we  speak  of  choice  viands,  cold  victuals.  Diet  refers  to  the 
quantity  and  quality  otfood  habitually  taken,  with  reference 
to  preservation  of  health.  Regimen  considers  food  as  taken 
by  strict  rule,  in  which  use  it  is  closely  synonymous  with 
diet,  but  applies  more  widely  to  the  whole  ordering  of  life. 
Fare  is  a  general  word  for  all  table  supplies,  good  or  bad;  as, 
sumptuous  fare;  wretched  fare.  Feed,  fodder,  and  provender 
are  used  only  of  the  food  of  the  lower  animals,  feed  denoting 
anything  consumed,  but  more  commonly  grain,  fodder  de- 
noting hay,  cornstalks,  or  the  like,  sometimes  called  "long 
feed" ;  provender  is  dry  feed,  whether  grain  or  hay,  straw,  etc. 
Forage  denotes  any  kind  otfood  suitable  for  horses  and  cattle, 
primarily  as  obtained  by  a  military  force  in  scouring  the  coun- 
try, especially  a.n  enemy's  country.    Compare  nutriment. 

fool,  1  ful;  2  fool.  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  a  fool  of;  impose 
upon;  deceive;  play  the  fool. — fool'ing,  re. 

fool1,  re.  1.  A  person  lacking  in  understanding,  judgment, 
or  common  sense;  a  simpleton.  2.  An  idiot;  imbecile. 
3.  A  court  jester.  [<  LL. F  f alius,  foolish,  <  L.  follis, 
windbag.)  Syn.:  see  mislead.— fool's  cap.  1.  A  grotesque 
pointed  cap,  commonly  with  bells  attached,  formerly 
worn  by  jesters.  2.  A  dunce's  cap. — fool'cr-y,  n.  [-IBS*, 
pi.]  Foolish  conduct;  anything  foolish.  —  fool'har"dy,  a. 
Bold  without  judgment;  reckless;  rash.  Syn.:  Bee  OIFBU- 
dent.— fool'har"di-ly,  adv.-  fool'har"dl-noss,  re.  fool'- 
lsh,  a.  Of  or  like  a  fool;  weak=mlnded;  marked  by  folly. 
Syn.:  see  absurd;  childish. — fool'lsh-ly,  adv. — fool'lsli- 
ncss,  re. 

fool2,  n.  A  dish  of  crushed  fruit  with  whipped  cream  and 
sugar.    [  <  OF.  foulex,  <  fouler,  press;  see  foil,  vt.] 

fools 'cap",  1  ffilz'kap";  2  fools/cap",  n.  A  size  of  writ- 
ing«paper  about  13  by  8  inches,  as  folded. 

foot1,  1  fut;2fdot,  v.  \.t.  1.  To  tread,  as  in  walking;  set 
the  foot  on;  travel.  2.  To  add,  as  a  column  of  figures, 
and  place  the  sum  at  the  foot:  commonly  with  up.  3. 
To  furnish  with  a  foot  or  feet.  4.  [Colloq.,  U.  !S.]  To 
pay,  as  a  bill.  5.  To  strike  with  the  font;  kick.  Uf. 
To  set  on  the  feet;  settle.  7f.  To  seize  with  feet  or 
talons.  II.  i.  To  go  afoot;  walk.  — to  foot  it,  to  walk, 
run,  or  dance. 

foot,  re.  [feet,  pi.]  1.  The  part  below  the  ankle  in  man, 
or  the  part  serving  a  similar  purpose  in  other  animals. 

2.  Anything  corresponding  in  form,  use,  or  position  to 
an  animal's  foot;  a  support;  the  lowest  part  of  a  thing; 
the  last  of  a  series.  3.  A  measure  of  Length:  twelve 
inches.  4.  Unmounted  troops,  collectively;  infantry. 
5.  Pros.    A  division  of  a  verse.    [<  AS.  Jot,  pl./eZ.]-— on 


foot.  1.  Afoot.  2.  Able  to  be  about.  3.  In  course  of  ac- 
complishment.— foot'back",  adv.  [Humorous.]  On  foot. 
—  foot 'ball",  n.  A  large  inflated  ball  to  be 
kicked  in  play;  also,  the  game  in  which  it  is 
used.  —  foot'=board",  n.  A  board  to  rest 
the  feet  upon  or  to  protect  the  feet. — f.=boy, 
n.  A  page. — f.  abridge,  re.  A 
bridge  for  persons  on  foot. 
f.=brlgt.— f.=candle,  n.  The 
intensity  of  the  light  of  a 
standard  candle  at  the  dis- 
tance of  one  foot:  a  photomet- 
ric unit. — f.sclotb,  n.  1.  A 
carpet  to  walk  upon  on  occa- 
sions of  ceremony.  2.  A  ca- 
parison for  a  horse. — foot'ed, 
Having    feet    or    a    foot; 


Longitudinal  Section  of 
Right  Foot  of  Man. 

8.  II  eel  .bone. 


1.  Tibia.    2.  ABtrapil. 
Navicular.      5.  Internal   cuneiform 

shaped  like  a  foot:  generally  in  ££  ^^X^Ju^l 

Composition.  —  foot 'fall",  re.  lO.  Plantar  fascia,  supporting  the 
The   SOUnd  Of   a    footstep.  —  f.  s  plantar  arch.    11.  Achilles  tendon. 

guard,  re.     1.  A  horse's  boot. 

2.  A  detachment  of  Infantry  soldiers.— f.  Iilll,  n.  A 
low  hill  at  the  base  of  a  mountain.— foot'liold",  n. 
A  firm  support  for  the  foot;  secure  footing;  established 
position.— foot 'Ing,  re.  1.  A  place  to  stand  or  walk 
on;  hence,  secure  position.  2.  The  adding  or  the  sum 
of  a  column  of  figures.  3.  A  footstep;  tread.  — f.  dicker, 
re.  A  mean  flatterer;  toady. — foot 'lights",  re.  pi.  Lights 
in  a  row  near  the  front  of  the  stage,  as  In  a  theater.— 
foot/man,  re.  [-men,  pi.]  1.  A  man  servant  who  attends 
a  carriage,  etc.  2§.  A  pedestrian.  3||.  A  foot*soldier.  4t. 
A  metal  stand  before  a  fire  for  holding  anything  to  be  kept 
hot. — foot 'mark",  re.  A  footprint.  Syn.:  see  trace. — f.s 
note,  re.  A  note  at  the  foot  of  a  page  or  column. — f.= 
pace,  n.  1.  A  slow  pace.  2.  A  staircasclanding.  3.  A 
dais.— f.:pad,  n.  1.  A  pad  for  the  foot,  as  of  a  horse.  2. 
A  horse=boot. — foot 'pad",  n.  A  highwayman  or  robber  on 
foot.  —  foot 'path",  re.  A  path  for  persons  on  foot.  f.» 
wayt.— f.=pound,  re.  The  work  done  in  raising  a  pound's 
weight  one  foot:  a  unit  of  mechanical  work.— f.=poundaI, 
n.  An  absolute  unit  of  work,  being  the  work  done  in  moving 
through  one  foot  against  a  force  of  one  poundal. — foot- 
print", re.  An  impression  of  a  foot.  Syn.:  see  mark;  trace. 
— f.  ssoldier,  n.  An  infantryman. — foot'sore",  a.  Having 
sore  feet,  as  from  walking. — foot'step",  n.  A  step,  or  its 
sound  or  mark;  footfall;  footprint.  Syn.:  see  trace. — foot'- 
stool",  re.  A  low  stool  for  the  feet.— f.=walk,  re.  A  slde« 
walk;  footpath.— f. sworn,  a.  1.  Weary  with  walking.  2. 
Worn  by  the  feet,  as  a  path. 

Foote,  1  fut;  2  fdot,  Andrew  Hull  (1806-1863).  A  United 
States  admiral,  prominent  in  the  Civil  War. 

foots,  1  futs;  2  foots,  n.  pi.  Settlings  or  sediment,  as  of 
molasses  or  oil.     [PI.  of  foot.] 

foot'stalk",  1  fut'stek";  2  fdot'stak,  n.  1.  Bot.  The  petiole 
of  a  leaf,  or  the  peduncle  of  a  flower.  2.  Zool.  A  stem 
or  part  supporting  the  body  or  an  organ. 

foo'zlt,  1  fu'zl;  2  foo'zl.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  fumble.  II.  n.  1.  A 
mis=stroke  or  misplay,  especially  in  golf.  2.  [Colloq.]  A 
blunderer. 

fop,  1  fop;  2  fop,  n.  A  man  affectedly  fastidious  in  dress 
or  deportment;  a  dandy.  [<  D.  foppen,  prate,  cheat.] 
— fop 'ling,  re.  A  petty  fop.  -fop 'per- y_,  re.  [-if.sz,  /,/.] 
The  conduct  or  practises  of  a  fop.  fop'plsh-ncsst.  — fop'- 
pish,  a.    Characteristic  of  a  fop.    -ly,  adv. 

for,  1  lor;  2  for,  prep.  [A  word  of  wide  application  indicat- 
ing generally  the  reason  for  an  action  or  the  object 
sought.]  1.  Because,  or  by  reason  of;  on  account  of.  2. 
With  a  view  to;  in  order  to  effect,  reach,  benefit,  please, 
etc. ;  tending  toward;  reaching  after;  in  favor  of ;  in  behalf 
of.  3.  In  place  of;  as  being.  4.  With  reference  to;  in 
proportion  to.  5.  To  the  extent  or  number  of.  <i.  In 
spite  of.  7.  Belonging  to;  adapted  to.  8.  In  honor  of; 
by  the  name  of.  9f.  Because  of;  from.  [<  AS.  .'"', 
fore,  before,  for.] 

for,  con}'.  [For  is  now  used  chiefly  in  causal  coordinate 
sentences  in  which  the  last  sentence  expresses  the  reason 
or  cause  of  the  preceding.]  1.  In  view  of  the  reason 
that;  seeing  that;  since:  giving  the  speaker's  reason  !<>r 

confidence  in  his  statement,    2.  Owing  in  the  facf  thai , 

because:  giving  the  cause  of  the  fact  staled. 
Syn.:  see  because. 
for-,  prefix,  with  values afl  follows:  for-1.    Thoroughly;  greatly: 

used  wiiii  negative,  alterative,  and  intensive  force.  [< 
AS.  for-.]    for-2.    See  fore-1,    for-s.    Outside.    [<  L.foris.] 

for.,  nhiir.    Foreign, 

for'agc,  1  for'ij;  2  fftr'ag.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [fOR'aged;  kor'ag- 
INa.]  To  overrun  in  search  of  forage;  provide  with  or 
procure  for  forage;  Collect  fond  for  men  and  stock  by 
roving  search.  II.  ti .  I.  Any  food  suitable  for  horses 
or  cattle.  2.  The  act  .if  foraging.  [<  LL.OF  foilrum, 
fodder]     Syn.:  sec  food.  —  for'ag-er,  re. 

fo-ra'men,  1  fo-rC'men;  2  fo-ra'men,  ft,   [-ram'i-na,  1  -ram'i- 


I    r 


f  m 


i 


lor   r.i> 

I.. i    - 


II  I 


l       Rf.H 

l..r.  -I.,    ir 

■ll-Hlli'- 

|      1.1 

mninnd 

for- bid   .1  in..     . 
for-bod< 

i..r-i>...i.  ■'•.  borne', 

l..r- 

I . 

f.ir.-li)  ':. 
1.  '       1.1 

-trainl ; 

me  per- 

;t.   . 

4.i 

or  vio- 
I  lly.    7t. 

II    .  To  r. - 
II  I. 

>      ■        "       ■..         PI    -I! 


fore-bode 

INO]      I. 


1 1 

1   •     J 

III 

f..r.-. 


i  i         ■■  .">.   not.  Or;   full.  rftl.  ,   bot,  burn; 

,        ,  ii  I  I        •      ,  ii     •  ii      o    .   uon,     SM 

i..  r..rr  i    i..i.  -  fore-'i  - 

fore  Mm",         i  be  pari  ol  ii»  arm  iimi  in  botwoen 

■  I   III.-  Wrlil 

i.iri-.iriii  .  Mi'.r/.   To  arm  beforehand, 

i  i. . i.  - 1..  ii  .  >t. |   An  ancestor. 

1   foi  i.  •■!  .  8  foi  bod',  g      |  ii. .i.'i  D 
I.    I    ■  I.,     in  .. in.  n  ..r  n 
'.'.    I      I    i\ .     i  |.i.  in. .inn. .ii  ..I       II.  I  ..  i,.|.  i,  ||. 

I       \  -   I    •  ■'  otlian;  ep   hodb,     I 
i       fore-bod 'log,        rhc  apprehension  ol 
lune    Byn    see  intii  ipation;  inxibti 
fori   i.i  i.  •    .        \  braot  of tbo  foreyard 
inn--,  .1^1 '      .  i  i   i  i.  .  -  r..  oaloulate 

..r  plan  beforehand;  predicl     (<    imu.-1  -+-  oast,      I 

see  ANTIC1PAT1 

fore'east",  1  fflr'ko  t*,n     An  anti  i ■>  dej 

Ion,  determination,  or  contrlvanoe.    Syn.:  sec  ash.  i 
pation;  in i  d 

fore'ra>"tle,    1    ffll  'ku>"l   or 

■  -I.  n.     A  nut     The  forward  pari  ..i 
compartment  for  common  aailoi  - 
fore-close',  1  for-kloV:  2  i  eased  . 

■  i  ■  is'ing  ]      I  I  pi lings  tin- 

nj^li t  t.   redeem  m  ■  ml :  exclude. 

Ol  fore-clo'sure,        n.  act  of  foreclosing. 

fore-doom',  1  for-dum';  2  I  n  doom',    '      To  doom  in 

advance;  condemn  beforehand,     fore 'doom",  n 
fori'  edge,   n.     The   front   edge,   as  of  a  book       fore  edge 
painting,  the  decorating  ol  the  front  edges  of  a  book  with 

fore 'fa"f  her,  1  lV.r'lu"th;.r;  2  for'fa"tlicr,  n.    Anan» 
especially  a  remote  ance 

fore-fend  M,  1  fSr-fend';2  for- ft  nd',  vt.    Same  as  forfend. 

fore'tln'ger,  1  f6r'firj"gar;  2  f6r'fTn-"ger,  n.  The  digit 
oext  t..  the  thumb. 

fore'foot",  1  for'fut";  2  for'foot",  n.    1.  A  fore  font      ;. 
it  of  a  vessel.  [part  or  position 

fore 'front",  1  for'frunt";  2  for'iront".  n.     The  foremost 

fore-gath'er,  1  for-gath'ar;  2  for-g&th'er,  w      1. 
intimate;  associate.     2.  To  meet  together. 

fore-go'1,  1  for-go';  2  for-go',  vt.  [foke-went/;  fore- 
gone';  fore-go'ing]  To  deny  oneself  the  pleasure  or 
profit  of;  give  up;  relinquish.    Syn.:  see  abandon. 

fore-go'2,  if.  &  pi.    To  go  in  advance  of;  go  before. 
— fore-go'lng,   pa.    Occurring   previously;   antei . 
Syn.:  see  antecedent,     fore-goo (e'p,   pa.     Deteniimi  .i 
already;  as,  a  foregone  conclusion. 

fore 'ground",  1  for'graund";  2  for'ground",  n.  That  part 
of  a  landscape  or  picture  n.  a  re- 1  the  -p.  .tat  or. 

fore 'hand",  .7.  [Scot.]  1.  Front,  2t.  Former.  fore'=a  = 
band":,  fore'band",  n.  1.  The  pari  Ol  B  horse  In  front 
of  the  rider.    'I,  .  a  chief  part.    3  .  Superiority;  advantage. 

fore'hand"ed,  1  for'hanu'Vd;  2  for'hand'ed,  a.  1.  I  lone 
in  go. id  tiro...  2.  [U.S.]  Having  money  saved;  thrifty. 
—  fore-hand  'cd-ne>-    n. 

fore 'head,  |  1  for'ed;  2  for'ed,  ».     1.  The  upper  part  of 

fore'hed",  (  the  face,  between  the  eyes  and  the  hair:  also 
figuratively,    2.  Brazen  assurance;  effrontery. 

for'elgn,  I  1  fer'm;2  f5r'in,  o.    1.  Belonging  to  or  di  rived 

for'en8,    (from  another  country;  alien.     2.  Conm-i-tid 

with  other  countries.    3.  Introduced  from  without;  not 

belonging  to  thai  place  or  body  in  which  it  is  found     1. 

Not   pertinent;  irrelevant.     [<    LL.T  foraneus,    <   1>. 

oul  of  doors.  1  Syn.:  see  alien.  —  for  'elgn-er,n.  A  citizen 

oreign country.    Syn.:  see  alien.— for'eign-ness,  n. 

fore-Judge',  1  for-juj';  2  for-judg',  H.    To  prejudge. 

fore-Know',  1  for-no';  2  for-no',  vt.  [POKE-KNEW'; 
-known';  -know'ini;.]  To  know  beforehand.  —  fore- 
know'a-bKe1',  «.-  fore-know  1  'edge,  n.  1.  Knowledge  ol 
a  thing  before  It  exists  or  of  an  event  before  it  takes  place 
2.  Theol.  The  prescience  of  God,  by  which  he  foresees  every- 
thing.   Syn.:  see  predestination. 

fore 'land",  n.  A  projecting  point  of  land  [hand. 

fore-la]  ',  1  tor-IB';  2  f5r-la',  vt.    To  plan  or  lay  down  before- 

fon'loek1,  1  for'lok:  2  for'lok,  n.  An  Iron  pin  or  wedge  passed 
through  the  end  of  a  bolt  or  the  like,  to  prevent  its  with- 
drawal: linchpin;  key. 

fore 'lock"2,  1  for'lok";  2  for'lSk",  n.  A  lock  of  hair  grow- 
ing over  the  forehead,  as  of  a  horse. 

fore'man,  1  for'men;  2 !  for'man,  n.    [fore'men,  pi.]  The 
head  man  overseeing  a  body  of  workmen. 
Syn.:  see  master.— fore'man-ship,  n. 

fore 'mast",  1  for'mast";  2  for'mast",  n.    The  foremost 
.favessel. — fore'mast"man,n.  An  able  seaman. 

fore 'most",  1  for'most";  2  for'most",  a.     First  in  place, 
time,  rank,  or  order;  chief.     [  <  AS.  formest.] 
Syn.:  see  first:  paramount. 

fore-name',  1  for-nem';  2  foT-nSm',  vt.  To  name  before; 
mention  previously.— fore-named',  a. 


■    ■  - 

:t.  ' 

l .  ■  'ower  ..r 
. i . 

pulsion; 

.  weight; 


iiiip   ,  I     pump 

: 
mam  • 

il.        -I . .  -ii.  --. 


Pincers  for  grasping 
[L.,  prob.    < 

I  ■  i-h<  d  by 

• 
for'et-bly, 

I 

■;. 
/  rd,   < 

i 

f..r.  -do'] . 

I  time;  forward; 

II  ■    l<-ufllrit: 

i  2.  Be- 

I  I  ''ire  (cp. 

fori'. and  .aft",  ';.     Ly- 

fore-  .     I    fore.    [< 


1:  a  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    Ml  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  f«ud;    Cliin;    go;    n  =  sing;    thin,    this,  forasmuch 
325    2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  fork 


fore 'name",  re.     A  name  placed  before  the  family  name  or 

surname;  a  prenomen. 
fore-noon',  1  for-ntin';  2  for-noon',  n.     The  period  of 

daylight  preceding  midday;  the  morning. 
fo-ren'sic,  1  fo-ren'sik;  2  fo-rgn'sic,  a.     Pertaining  to 
courts  of  justice  or  to  public  disputation;  relating  to  or 
used  in  legal  proceedings.     [  <  L.  forensis,  <  forum, 
market-place,  forum.] — fo-ren'sl-cal-ly,  adv. 

fore"or-dain',  1  for"er-den';  2  for"6r-dan',  vt.  To  ordain 
beforehand;  predestinate,    fore-or'di-natet  [Rare]. 

— fore-or"dl-na'tlon,  re.    Predestination;  predetermina- 
tion.   Syn.:  see  predestination. 

fore'part",  re.  The  fore  part. — fore'pasf't,  a.  Past;  by- 
gone.—fore'rank",  re.  The  front  or  first  rank.— fore- 
reach'1,  v.  Naut.  1. 1.  To  gain  upon  or  pass;  beat  In  sail- 
ing. II.  i.  To  shoot  ahead  after  the  propelling  power  has 
stopped:  said  of  a  ship  when  tacking. 

fore'rlghf't.  I.  a.  1.  Straightforward;  directly  favorable. 
2.  Abrupt;  blunt.  II.  re.  In  early  feudal  law,  the  right  of 
primogeniture.     III.  adv.  Directly  forward. 

fore-run',  1  f5r-run';2  for-rfin',  vt.  To  run  in  advance  of; 
precede;  usher  in;  announce. — fore-run 'ner,  re.  1.  A 
herald;  prognostic.    2f.  An  ancestor.    Syn.:  see  herald. 

fore'sail",  1  for'sel"  or  (Naut.)  for'sl;  2  for'sal"  or  (Naut.) 
for'sl,  re.  Naut.  A  sail  on  a  foremast;  the  lowest  sail  on 
the  foremast  of  a  square=rigged  vessel. 

fore-see',  1  for-si';  2  for-sc',  v.  [fore-saw';  fore-seen'; 
fore-see'ing.]  I.  t.  To  see  beforehand;  anticipate. 
II.  1.    To  have  foresight. 

fore-shad 'ow,  1  for-snad'o;  2  for-shad'o.  Lif,  To  sug- 
gest beforehand;  prefigure,  fore-to'kenj.  II.  n.  The 
indistinct  representation  of  something  to  come.— 
lore  s hud  'ow-er,  re. 

fore  '-sheet",  re.  Naut.  1.  The  rope  holding  the  lee  clew  of  a 
foresail.    2.  pi.    The  forward  space  in  a  boat. 

fore 'shore",  1  for'snor";  2  for'shor",  n.  That  part  of  a 
shore  uncovered  at  low  tide. 

fore-short 'en,  1  for-snert'n;  2  for-short'n,  vt.  To  shorten 
parts  in  a  drawing  of  (an  object),  so  as  to  give  the 
proper  impression  of  its  form  or  position.— fore-short'- 
en-lng,  n. 

fore-show',;/.    To  prophesy,    fore-shew't. 

fore 'sight",  1  for'sait";  2  for'slt",  re.  1.  The  act  or  capac- 
ity of  foreseeing.      2.  Thoughtful  care  for  the  future. 

[<  FORE-1   +  SIGHT.] 

Syn.:  see  anticipation;  prudence;  wisdom. 

fore'skln",  1  for'skin";  2  for'skln",  re.    The  prepuce. 

fore-spent'|| ,  a.    Gone  by;  already  spent. 

fore-spur 'rert,  n.    One  who  rides  in  advance  as  a  herald. 

for'est,  1  fer'est;  2  f&Vest.  I.  vt.  1.  To  overspread  with 
woods  or  trees.  2§.  To  secrete  in  a  forest.  II.  re.  A 
large  tract  of  land  covered  with  a  natural  growth  of 
trees  and  underbrush.  [OF.,  <  LL.  foresta,  <  L.  foras; 
see  foreign.]  —  for'est-age,  re.  Eng.  Law.  1.  Tribute  pay- 
able to  a  forester.  2.  A  forester's  service  to  the  king.— fbr"- 
est-a'tlon,  re.  1.  Forest  extension.  2.  Practical  forestry. 
— for'est-er,  re.  1.  One  who  has  charge  of  a  forest,  its  tim- 
ber, or  its  game.  2.  A  dweller  in  a  forest. — for'est-rj  ,  re. 
The  art  of  developing  or  managing  forests. 

fore-stall',  1  for-stel';  2  for-stal',  vt.  1.  To  hinder  or 
guard  against  by  preparation;  anticipate;  prevent.  2. 
To  preoccupy  or  control  in  one's  own  favor  by  antici- 
patory measures;  as,  to  forestall  the  grain=trade. 
Syn.:  see  prevent. — fore-stall 'er,  re. — fore-stall 'lng,  re. 

fore'stay",  1  for'ste";  2  for'sta",  n.  Naut.  A  guy  from 
the  foremast  to  the  stem. 

fore-taste',  1  for-test';  2  for-tast',  vt.  To  have  some  ex- 
perience  or   enjoyment   of   before   possessing.     Syn.:   see 

ANTICIPATE. 

fore 'taste",  1  for'teef;  2  for'tast",  n.  A  taste  or  brief 
experience  beforehand.    Syn.:  see  anticipation. 

fore-tell',   1    for-tel';  2   for-tel',   vt.   &  vi.      [f-ore-told'; 
fore-teu.'ing.]    To  tell  or  declare  in  advance;  predict. 
Syn.:  see  augur;  prophesy.— fore-tell'er,  re. 

forc'thlukt,  vt.  &  vi.    To  think  over  or  out  In  advance. 

fore 'thought",  1  for'thot",  2  for'thot",  n.    1.  Considera- 
tion beforehand.    2.  Prudent  care  for  the  future. 
Syn.:  see  anticipation;  care;  prudence. 

fore"to'ken,  vt.    Same  as  foreshadow. 

fore'lop",  1  for'top";  2  for'top",  n.  1.  The  forelock.  2. 
A  platform  at  the  head  of  a  foremast.-  fore"top-gal'- 
lant-mast",  re.  The  section  of  a  mast  above  the  foretop- 
mast.  -fore"top-gal'lant-sall",  re.  fore"top-gal'lant< 
yard",  n. — fore 'top-man,  n.  [-men,  /)(.]  A  man  stationed 
In  the  foretop  of  a  man»of>wnr. — forc'to»"iiias(.,  n.  The 
section  of  a  mast   above  1  lie  foremast.      forc'top"sall,  n. 

for-ev'er,  1  fer-ev'er;  2  for-eVer,  adv.  1.  Throughout 
eternity;  to  the  end  of  time.  2.  Incessantly,  for  ev'- 
crj.— for-ev'er-more,  adv.    For  all  time  and  eternity, 

fore-warn',  1  for-woru';  2  for-w^m',  vt.    To  caution  be- 


forehand; inform  or  instruct  in  advance. — f ore-warn  '- 
lng,  re. 

fore'wo"man,  1  for'wu'msn;  2  f5r'wo"man,  re.  [-wo'men,  pi  ] 
A  woman  who  oversees  the  employees  in  a  manufacturing 
establishment.  [tion:  preface. 

fore 'word",  1  for'wurd";  2  fSr'wurd",  n.     An  introduc- 

fore'yard"1,  1  for'yard";  2  for'yard",  re.  Naut.  The  lowest 
yard  on  the  foremast  of  a  square-rigged  vessel. 

fore'yard"2,  re.    A  front  yard  of  a  house,  temple,  etc 

for'feit,  )  1  fer'fit;  2  for'fit.    Id.  vt.    To  incur  the  loss  of 

for 'fit3,  J  through  some  fault,  omission,  error,  or  offense. 
II.  a.  Forfeited.  III.  n.  1.  A  thing  lost  by  way  of 
penalty  for  some  default.  2.  pi.  Any  game  in  which 
some  playful  penalty  is  imposed.  [  <  OF.  forfait,  pp.  of 
forfalre,<  L.  ^  foris,  out  of  doors,  +  facio,  do.]  for'fetet. 
Syn.:  see  lose.—  for'feit-a-bI(eI\  a—  for'felt-er,  re  — for'- 
fei-ture,  re.  The  act  of  forfeiting,  or  that  which  is  forfeited. 
Syn.:  see  loss. 

for-fend'||i,  1  fer-fend';  2  for-fend',  vt.  To  ward  off;  prevent. 
fore-fend 't. 

fbr-fought'en,  1  for-fot'n;  2  for-fot'n,  a.  [Old  Eng.  &  Scot.] 
Fatigued  with  fighting;  exhausted,    for-fough'ent. 

for-gat't,  imp.  of  forget,  v. 

for-gath'er,  1  for-gath'ar;  2  for-gath'er,  vi.  [Scot.]  Fore- 
gather: the  etymologically  correct  form. 

for-gave',  1  fer-gev';  2  for-gav',  imp.  of  forgive,  v. 

forge1,  1  forj  or  f  erj ;  2  forg  or  forg,  v.  [forged  ;  forg'ing.] 
I.  t.  1.  To  shape  (metal)  with  a  hammer  or  machine; 
shape;  frame.  2.  Law.  To  make  or  alter  with  intent  to 
defraud.  II.  i.  To  be  guilty  of  forgery.  [  <  F.  forger, 
<  L.  fabricor,  make,  construct.]— forg'er,  re.  1.  One  who 
counterfeits  or  commits  forgery.    2.  A  smith.— forged,  pa. 

forge2,  v.  I.  t.  To  impel  forward.  II.  i.  To  go  slowly 
or  with  difficulty,  as  by  mere  momentum.  [Perhaps 
corr.  of  force,  v.] 

forge,  re.  1.  An  open  fireplace  or  hearth  with  forced  draft, 
lor  heating  metal  ready  for  hammeringor  shaping.  2. 
A  place  where  metal  is  forged. 
[F.,   <  L.  fabrica;  see  fabric." 

for'ger-y,    1    for'[or    fer']jer-;    2 
for'[w   for']ger-y,  re.    [-iesz,  pi.]] 

I.  The  act  of  fraudulently  falsi- 
fying any  commercial  or  legal 
paper.  2.  The  act  of  counter- 
feiting coin.  3.  A  spurious  arti-  | 
cle  bearing  a  false  signature. 

Syn.:  counterfeiting.  Imitat- 
ing or  altering  a  coin  or  a  note^ 
which  passes  as  currency  or 
money  is  counterfeiting;  the 
making  of  a  fraudulent  writing, 
or  the  material  alteration  of  a 
genuine  writing  with  intent  to 
defraud,  is  forgery;  the  chang- 
ing of  the  figures  in  a  genuine 
note  or  check,  the  unauthorized 
appending  of  another's  signa- 
ture, the  transferring  of  a  gen- 
uine signature  to  a  document 
for  which  it  was  not  intended, 
are  all  instances  of  forgery;  the 
making  of  spurious  coins,  the 
raising  of  government  notes, 
bonds,  etc  ,  to  higher  denomi- 
nations, are  instances  of  coun- 
terfeiting. 

for-get',  1  fer-get';  2  for-ggt',  vt.  &  vi.  [tor-got';  for- 
got'ten;  for-get'ting.]  1.  To  be  unable  to  recall  to 
mind;  lose  from  the  memory.  2.  To  lose  interest  in  or 
regard  for;  neglect.  [<  AS.  forgitan,  <  for-  (see  for-1) 
+  gitan,  GET.]— for-get 'fill,  a.  Forgetting  easily;  ne- 
glectful, -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n.— for-get'«me«not",  re.  A 
perennial  herb,  with  small  skvblue  Mowers. 

r«r'ge-tlv(e«||,l  for'[or  fOr'IJi-tiv:  2  for'[or  for']ge-tIv,  a.  Hav- 
ing power  to  forge  or  invent. 

for-giv(e"',  1  for-giv';  2  f5r-gfv',  v.  [for-gave';  fou-giv'- 
en;  koh-ci v'ini;  ]  I.  t.  1.  To  cense  to  cherish  displea- 
sure toward;  pardon;  excuse.  'J.  To  remit ,  as  a  <lel>t.  II. 
i.  To  show  forgiveness  in  spirit  or  conduct,  |  <  AS. 
for-  (sec  for-1)  +  gifan,  give.]  S.vn.:  see  ABSOLVE;  pardon. 
— for-gIv'a-l>l(e'',  a.  That  may  be  forgiven,  for-glve'- 
ness,  re.    1.  The  act  of  forgiving;  pardon     '-'•  &  disposition 

to  forgive.  for-glv'lng-iiess|.  Syn.:  see  MERCY,  for- 
glv'er,  a. — for-glv'lng,  pa.  Disposed  to  forgive,  Syn.:  see 
charitable;  humane;  merciful,    for-glv'lng-ly,  adv. 

fof-go'.  Vt.  &   Vt.     Same  as  FOREGO1:  I  he  better  etymological 

form,     for-go'er,  n. 
for-got',  1  fer-get';  2  for-got',  imp  &  pp  of  forget,  v. 
fork,  If  ark;  2  fork.    I'.-/  &vi.    To  lift,  toss,  or  dig  with  a 

fork;  divide  into  diverging  parts;  as  a  stream  or  a  road. 

II.  n.    A  device  consisting  of  a  handle  and  two  or  more 


P* 


Forge. 

,  blower;  h,  hood;  <\  levwj  <f,  i>nnil» 
wheel  ftnd  gearing;  0,  6inoke»fltaok. 


ftaHorn 

f. .1111.1 


•,-...;!  Ii.  |      ,         ■  ,-fl:   not.  Or;   full.  rule;   but.  l.flm, 

It,  loo;  1-8;  I  -  o;  g&,  n6t,  or,  w6n.        Mb 


fork  > . 

-1% . 


I  I 

! 
II. 


for   i. 


I   ---      ~.u-.   i 
fur- ma  lion, 


I'pfin  i 


f..r  ii 


f..rn 


for   , 


I;    ritunl; 

.    :.  r,  or  na- 

•  intellect: 
i               r  manner  of 

lei,  or  formula. 
m      7.  A  1-  >i in 

long  Itii.1i  without  11 
1      9.    lUol     A 

- 

■  .1  u  In  n  one  of 
ii.  ■  in-  of  an  alge- 

i  :.  •  structure  of  a 

m~.  the  infini- 
l.  i,  etc.,  nu- 

ll. -   ssion  made  in 

15, 
■  »horse;  hence, 
16.   S        i  hing  regarded 

•  in.      [ < 

■ 
urc.  formality, 
ItUne,  rite,  rltu 

it  fori  leas      form'less- 

[forma.  form.] 

.  -like.  < 

I.  Mini.-  or  done  accord- 

:  il  forms; 

'.'.  [to    form   as 

for'mal- 

•  '  .rms.   Synj  m-c  btpoo- 

i.-l-l.  for-lli.il   l-l)  ,    :  ;    i  -I.  ;i/,|     1. 

onallty.  2. 

monlal. — 

lor  i:.  iH  lor  in.il-lv . 

:•  .  •  r-m&l'de-hyd,   n. 

•!•-»  gas  used  as  an  antiai  form'a-lln:. 

mat'  or  for-mii'.  n.    The 

of  a   book  when 

ii.  r».    1.  The 
iction;  arrange- 

ITthy   or   mineral   <]<•- 

"d  rocks. 

I  i  •  rving.  or  aiding 

II.  n.    An  element 

orrj.  Ii-  ifnx. 

in  time; 
ient.      (<    A.S. 
Syn_  m 

rng  time  ago. 
il  whirl,  forms  or  molds;  a 
■•     ,   FOBM.] 

i         tali   og  to  or  derived 

L.  formica, 
ould  compound 
•lies  of  ants.  In 
illy  by  distilling 


-hi  i    . 

■    I 

•'  ar  ] 
.-..■  -      -   ■■■:■   ,-•.:■•    r»lniiliiif|.  terrible,  tremen- 
nf  f'ar  If  encoun- 
tered or  opposed ;  as.  a 

aad  sum  sis  more  caln. 

mtdabU  » leas  overwbf-  In 

to  lanttroui;  a  park  of  charge  of 

A  toiiT/w  mai 

.jia'A-  man  •  if  not  attacked; 


■  maniac  is  terribUi  the  force  of  ocean  waves  la  ■ 

id  in  pn     in  e  in  i  ii -i  an  iiri'i  hi    are 

Ant     contemptible,    despicable,    feeble,    hsrmlnsj. 
Mroak 
fur  iiil-d.i-lil  i-iirssi-.  ...      for  iiil-<l.i-lil> .  i 

I  or- '-.I.    I  a.    'I        Sunn    us    IMlVIV, 

lor    mn-l.i,  1  fei    tniu  I  •.  L.'  lor'iuu  la.  ;i.     |-l..\s'  or  -I   r,  /'/  ] 

I.   \  axed  rule  or  form;  ezacf  statement    'i.  Med.  A 

:i.  Vii  algebraic  rule  or  chemical  oombina- 

n. .11  expri  -'.1  in  symbols     |l.  .  dim   oi  forma,  form] 

i  .  .\     i,i  ii.     lor  inii-la-r> .     I.  a.    Stated  In  or 

■  formula;  formal,    il.  n.    [-rum,  pi  I    A  collection 

Ol  forms,  formulas,  etc.;  ■  ritual  or  formula.  Svii.:  see  uii.K. 
for 'mil-lati'.  tt.  [-LAT*EDd;  -LAT*ING  ]  To  express.  In  il 
formula,  or  as  a  formula,  for  'mii-lar-l/c ; .  fnr"mu-la '- 
tlon.   .       for  niii-llMii.  n       for'niu-llzc,  r ' 

for'nl-i-atr.  1  (orni-kii .  g  for'ni-<  at.  a.    Arched;  vaulted. 

for"nl-<  a'tion,  1  lor "ni-ke'slnm;  2  for'ni-cii'shon,  n. 
Illicit  sexual  intercourse.  (<  I-.  forfiex,  /iorm'(o-), 
brothel,  lit  vault.]  for'nl-rate,  vi. — for'nl-ca"tor,  n. — 
for 'oJ-ea" tress,  n.    for"ni-ca'trlxt. 

for 'pet,  1  f..r'|Mt;  8  for'iict.  n.  [Scot.]  The  fourth  part  of  a 
peck     I  ■    rot  I"  n  PART  I    for'pltj. 

for'ra,  1  tor'.i;  g  for'a.  a.  [Scot)  Farrow;  as.  a  forra  cow. 

for'rayt, ».  A  "■    Foray,  [lean  tragic  actor. 

Kor'rcsi,  l  fer'est: 2  for'est,  Edwin  (1806-1872).    An  Amer- 

for-sake'i  1  for-sfik';  2  for-s&k',  U.  [fob-book';  poh-sak'- 
i  roR-eooK'j  hik-sak'inc.]  To  leave  or  withdraw 
from;  abandon;  also,  to  reject.  [<  A.S.  forsacan.] 
Syn.:  sec  ABANDON. 

for-slos  't,  if.    To  loiter;  delay.  _fore-slow't. 

for-sooth',  1  for-suth';  2  for-sooth',  adv.  In  truth;  cer- 
tainly; chiefly  ironical.     [<  rim,  ;«•«/>.,  -+-  sooth.] 

for-spend',  rl.    To  weary  utterly;  tire  out. 

for-swear',  1  for-swar' ;  2  for-swar',  vt.  &  vi.  [-swore'; 
-sworn';  -swkar'in*<;.]  To  renounce  upon  oath;  repu- 
diate: perjure  (oneself).    Syn.:  aee  abandon;  perjure;  re- 

'..  K. 

For-syth',  1  fer-ealth';  2  f6r-syth'.  Alexander  John  (1760- 
1843        v  Scottish  clergyman,  ciiemist.  and  Inventor. 

fortt,  ir  A-  Pi.    To  fortify;  also,  to  station  in  a  fort. 

fort,  1  lort ;  2  16rt,  n.  Mil.  A  defensive  work;  a  fortifica- 
tion; fortress.     [F.,  <  L.  fortis,  strong.] 

fort.,  after.    ForOflcatlon,  fortified. 

fort'a-llce,  1  fort'a-lls;  2  fort'a-llc.  r».  An  outwork  of  a  forti- 
fication; a  small  fort.  [<  OF.  fortelesse,  <  LL.  forlalllia,  < 
L.  fortis,  strong.] 

Fort" <de>Itsnee',  1  f5r*«da«frans':  2  f5r*»de»friinc'.  n.  A 
town;  capital  of  Martinique,  French  West  Indies;  pop. 
27.00(1. 

forte',  1  fort;  2  fort,  n.    That  which  one  does  most  readily 
llintly.    [  <  L.F  fortis,  strong.] 

for'te1,  1  for'te;  2  fOr'te.  n.  Mus.  A  passage  to  be  performed 
loudly,     (it.,   <   L    tortis,  strong] 

forth,  1  fer(h;  2  forth,  adv.  1.  Forward  in  place,  time,  or 
order,  'i.  Outward,  as  from  seclusion;  away;  out; 
abroad.  [<  AS.  forth,  < /ore,  before.]— forth 'com"- 
lng.  a.  Ready  or  about  to  appear.  —  forth'puf'tlng,  a. 
1.  rutting  forth,  'i.  K'olloq.]  Disposed  to  put  oneself  for- 
ward forth'puf'tlng,  n.  —  forth 'right".  I||.  a.  Straight 
forward;  direct.  II Q.  n.  A  direct  path  or  course.  III.  adv. 
1.  straight  forward;  with  directness.  2.  At  once;  straight- 
way     forth"wlth',  adv.    Without  delay;  Immediately. 

forth,  prep.  (Archaic  or  Poetic]  Forth  from;  out  of. 

for'thynket,  it.  &  vi.    To  repent. 

for'ti-eth,  1  for'ti-efh;  2  for'tWth.     I.  a.     1.  Tenth  in 
order  after  the  thirtieth.     2.  Being  one  of  forty  equal 
II.  n.    One  of  forty  equal  parts.     -Iy,  adv. 

for"ti-n-ea'tion,  1  for"ti-fi-ke's1ian;  2  for"ti-fi-ca'shon, 
n.  1.  The  act,  art,  or  science  of  fortifying.  2.  A  mili- 
tary defensive  work;  a  fort. 

Synj  castle,  citadel,  fastness,  fort,  fortress,  stronghold. 
Fortification  Is  the  general  word  for  any  artificial  defensive 
work;  a  fortress  is  a  fortification  of  especial  size  and  strength; 
a  fortress  Is  regarded  as  permanent,  and  is  ordinarily  an  In- 
dependent work;  a  fort  or  fortification  may  be  temporary;  a 
fortification  may  be  but  part  of  a  defensive  system;  we  speak 
of  the  fortifications  of  a  city.  A  citadel  is  a  fortification  within 
8  city,  or  the  fortilled  inner  part  of  a  city,  or  fortress  within 
which  a  garrison  may  be  placed  to  overawe  the  citizens,  or 
to  a  hlch  the  defenders  may  retire  if  the  outer  works  are  cap- 
tured; the  medieval  castle  was  the  fortified  residence  of  a 
king  or  baron.  Fort  Is  the  common  military  term  for  a  de- 
■  1  fortilled  building  or  enclosure  of  moderate  size  occu- 
pli  i  or  designed  to  be  occupied  by  troops.  The  fortifications 
of  a  modern  city  usually  consist  of  a  chain  of  forts.  Any  de- 
fenslble  place,  whether  made  so  by  nature  or  by  art,  Is  a 
or  stronghold.     See  RAMPART. 

for'ti-fy,  1  f6r'ti-fai;  2  for'ti-fy,  if.  &  vi.  [-fied;  -fVing.] 
To  provide  with  or  raise  defensive  works;  give  strength, 
security,  or  power  to.  [<  L.LL+F  fort  is,  strong;  and  see 
-i  v .]— for'ti-fl"a-bl(ep,  a.— for'tl-fi"er,  n. 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^    aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  fewd;    cTiin;    go;    o  =  sino;    Chin,   this.        forlorn 
'327        2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  found 


for-tis'sl-mo,  1  fer-tis'i-mo;  2  for-tis'1-mo,  a.  &  adv.  Mus. 
Very  loud.    [It.,  <  forte:  see  forte2.] 

for'tl-tude,  1  fer'ti-tiiid;  2  for'ti-tiid,  n.  Strength  of 
mind  to  meet  or  endure  unfalteringly  pain,  adversity,  or 
peril.     [<  L.  fortitudo,    <  fortis,  strong.] 

Syn.:  courage,  endurance,  heroism,  resolution.  Fortitude 
(L.  fortis,  strong)  is  the  strength  or  firmness  of  mind  or  soul 
to  endure  pain  or  adversity  patiently  and  determinedly. 
fortitude  has  been  defined  as  "passive  courage,"  which  is  a 
good  definition,  but  not  complete.  Fortitude  might  be 
termed  "still  courage,"  or  "enduring  courage";  it  is  that  qual- 
ity whieh  is  able  not  merely  to  endure  pain  or  trial,  but  stead- 
ily to  confront  dangers  that  can  not  be  actively  opposed,  or 
■against  which  one  has  no  adequate  defense;  it  takes  courage 
to  charge  a  battery,  fortitude  to  stand  still  under  an  enemy's 
fire.  Resolution  is  of  the  mind;  endurance  is  partly  physical; 
it  requires  resolution  to  resist  temptation,  endurance  to  resist 
hunger  and  cold.    Compare  brave;  courage;  patience. 

Fort  Mon-roe',  1  man-ro';  2  mon-rS'.  A  fort  in  S.  E.  Vir- 
ginia: Jefferson  Davis  imprisoned  here.    Fortress  Monroef. 

Jort'night",  1  fert'noit";  2  fort'nit",  n.  A  period  of  two 
weeks.  [<  AS.  feowertyne,  fourteen,  -f-  niht  (pi.), 
nights.]    -ly,  a.  &  adv. 

for'tress,  1  fer'tres;  2  for'trfs,  n.  A  large  permanent 
fort;  a  stronghold;  castle.  [<  F.  forteresse,  <  L.Uj 
fortis,  strong.]    Syn.:  see  defense;  fortification. 

Fort  Sum'ter,  1  sum'tar;  2  sum'ter.  A  fort  in  Charleston 
harbor,  S.  C,  captured  by  the  Confederates,  Apr.  14,  1861; 
beginning  of  the  American  Civil  War. 

for-tu'i-tous,  1  for-tiu'i-tus;  2  for-tu'i-tus,  a.  Occurring 
by  chance,  as  opposed  to  design;  casual;  accidental. 
[<  L.  fortuitus,   <  for(t-)s,  chance.) 

Syn.:  see  accidental;  incidental. —  for-tu'I-tous-ly, 
adv. — for-tu'i-tous-ness,  n. — for-tu'1-ty,  n.  Chance  oc- 
currence.   Syn.:  see  accident;  hazard. 

For-tu'na,  1  fer-tiu'ne;  2  fOr-tu'na,  n.  [L.]  Rom.  Myth.  The 
goddess  of  chance  or  fortune;  analog  of  the  Greek  Tyche. 

for'tu-nate,  1  fer'ehu-[or  -tiu-]nit;  2  for'chu-[or  -tii-Jnat, 
a.  1.  Happening  by  a  favorable  chance;  lucky.  2. 
Favored  with  good  fortune. 

Syn.:  favored,  happy,  lucky,  prospered,  prosperous,  suc- 
cessful. A  man  Is  successful  in  any  case  if  he  achieves  or 
gainswhat  he  seeks;  he  is  knownas  a  successful  man  if  he  has 
achieved  or  gained  worthy  objects  of  endeavor;  he  is  fortu- 
nate or  lucky  if  advantages  have  come  to  him  without  or  be- 
yond hisdirect  planning  or  achieving.  Z/j/cftyisthemorecom- 
monand  colloquial,  fortunate  the  more  elegant  word ;  fortunate 
Ismorenaturallyapplied  to thegraver matters, aswe  speak  of 
the  fortunate,  rather  than  the  lucky,  issue  of  a  great  battle; 
lucky  more  strongly  emphasizes  the  element  of  chance,  as 
when  we  speak  of  a  lucky  hit,  a  lucky  guess,  or  of  one  as 
"born  under  a  lucky  star."  Favored  is  used  in  a  religious 
;sense,  implying  that  one  is  the  object  of  divine  favor.  Happy, 
In  this  connection,  signifies  possessed  of  the  means  of  happi- 
ness. One  Is  said  to  be  happy  or  prosperous  whether  his  pros- 
perity be  the  result  of  fortune  or  of  achievement;  prospered 
rather  denotes  the  action  of  a  superintending  Providence. 
See  auspicious;  happy. — Ant.:  broken,  crushed,  fallen,  ill- 
starred,  miserable,  unfortunate,  unhappy,  unlucky,  woful, 
wretched. 

—  for'tu-nate-ly,  adv.— for'tu-nate-ness,  n. 

for'tunet,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  fix  the  fate  of.  2.  To  bestow  wealth 
upon.    3.  To  presage.    II.  i.    To  happen;  come  by  chance. 

for' tune,  1  for'ebun  or  -tiun;  2  for'chun  or  -tun,  n.  1. 
That  which  comes  or  happens  to  one  as  if  by  chance; 
lot;  luck;  specifically,  favorable  chance;  success.  2.  A 
fictitious  power  regarded  as  bestowing  good  or  ill.  3.  A 
large  estate;  wealth.  4.  A  forecast  of  one's  future.  [F., 
<  L,  forluna,  <  for(l-)s,  fortune.] 

Syn.:  see  event.  — for'tune=hunt"er,  n.  One  who  sicks 
to  obtain  wealth  by  marriage.  — f.=huntlng,  n.—  for'tune- 
less,  a. —  f.=teller,  n.  One  who 
pretends  to  foretell  the  events  of 
one's  life.  —  f. Celling,  n. 

Fort  Wayne,  1  wen;  2  wan.  A 
city  In  N.  E.  Indiana;  pop. 
78,700. 

for'ty,  1  for'ti;  2  for'ty.  I.  a. 
Consisting  of  ten  more  than 
thirty.  II.  n.  The  sum  of  ten 
and  thirty.  [  <  AS.  feower 
(four),  +  -tig  (see  fifty). 1 

Co 'rum,  1  fo'rum;  2  fo'rum,  n. 

[fo'rumsz   or   fo'ra,   pi.]     A  Roman  Forum. 

place    of     public    assembly    in      <h   Arch  of   Beptlmlul  Severm;  h, 

ancient  Rome;  any  public  as-  I|"",'™;'"' ' "■«'"••»  M1,-'",«r""'':  ''■  J»,.la" 
sernbly  or  place  for  public  tor;/,vl*8Mn(8un4W{j):«.Col. 
meeting;  a  tribunal.    [L.J  onui  of  Phoou; khh.  Forum  proper. 

for'ward,  1  for'ward;  2  for'ward,  I'1,  vt.  To  send  on- 
ward or  forward;  help  onward;  further;  send  to  a  desig- 
nated place  or  address;  transmit.  II.  a.  1.  Located  a1 
or  near  the  front.    2.  In  an  advanced  state;  advancing; 


precocious.  3.  Eager;  prompt;  hence,  officious;  im- 
pertinent; bold.  III.  adv.  Toward  the  front  or  some  ad- 
vanced position;  onward;  ahead:  often  used  interjec- 
tionally,  as,  forward,  men!  for'wardsf.  [<  AS.  foreweard.] 
Syn.:  (verb)  see  encourage;  promote;  (adjective)  see  an- 
terior; immodest;  impudent. —  for'ward-er,  n.  —  for'- 
ward-ly,  adv.— for'ward-ness,  n. 

for-yeve'f,  vt.   To  forgive. 

Fos-ca'rl,  1  fes-ka'rl;  2  fos-ea'ri,  Francesco  (13727-1457).  A 
doge  of  Venice;  waged  three  wars  with  Milan. 

foss,  1  fos;  2  fos,  n.  An  artificial  ditch  or  moat,  as  in  a  fort. 
[<  F.  fosse,  <  L.  fossa,  <  fodis,  dig.]    fossel. 

fos'sa,  1  fes'a;  2  fos'a,  n.  [fos's^e,  1-1;  2-e,  pi.]  Anal.  A 
shallow  depression  or  cavity.  [L.,  <  fossus,  pp.  of  fodio, 
dig.] — fos'sl-form,  a.    That  has  the  form  of  a  fossa. 

fos'sil,  1  fos'il;2  fSs'il.  I.  a.  Dug  out  of  the  earth;  petri- 
fied; of  or  like  a  fossil;  outworn;  antiquated.  II.  n.  1. 
A  body,  as  the  petrified  form  of  a  plant  or  an  animal, 
especially  one  of  prehistoric  times,  preserved  in  earth  or 
rock.  2.  A  person  or  thing  antiquated  or  out  of  date. 
[<  L.F  fossilis,  <  fodio,  dig.]— fos"sll-lf'er-ous,  a.  Con- 
taining fossils. — fos'sll-lst,  n.  A  paleontologist. — fos"sII-l- 
za'[or-sa']tlon,  n. — fos'sil-ize,  vt.  &  vi.  [-ized;  -iz"inc] 
To  change  or  be  changed  into  a  fossil;  petrify;  make  or  be- 
come antiquated,  fos'sll-iset.— fos"sll-ol'o-gy,  n.  Pale- 
ontology. 

fos-so'rl-al,  1  fo-so'n-al;  2  fO-so'rl-al,  a.  Digging;  burrowing; 
as,  a  fossorial  animal.  [<  hl^.fossoTius,  <  fossor,  digger,  < 
fodio,  dig.] 

fos'ter,  1  fes'tar;  2  fos'ter,  vt.  To  provide  with  food; 
nourish;  rear;  aid;  encourage.  [  <  AS.  fostrian,  < 
fostor,  nourishment.]  Syn.:  see  aid;  cherish;  help;  pro- 
mote. 

— fos'ter-age,  n.  The  care  of  a  foster-child. — fos'ter^ 
broth"er,  f.*chlld,  f.=father,  f.sruother,  1. -parent,  f.s 
sister,  f.sson,  one  considered  as  holding  the  relationship 
indicated,  in  consequence  of  nursing  and  rearing,  tho  not 
related  by  blood. — fos'ter-er,  n. — fos'ter-ling,  n.  A 
foster-child. 

fos'tert,».    1.  Nourishment.    2.  One  who  fosters. 

Foth'er-ln-gay  Castle,  1  foth'ar-in-ge;  2  foth'er-in-ga.  A 
castle  S.  W.  of  Peterborough,  England;  Mary  Queen  of 
Scots  executed  there. 

Fou"cault',  1  fu'ko';  2  fu"co',  Jean  Bernard  Leon  (1819- 
1868).  A  French  physicist;  devised  a  pendulum  demon- 
strating the  earth's  rotation. 

Fou"che',  1  ftrsTie';  2  fu"che',  Joseph  (1763-1820).  Duke  of 
Otranto,  a  French  administrator. 

fought,  1  fet;  2  fot,  imp.  &  pp.  of  fight,  v. 

fought 'en,  pp.  of  fight,  v.  Obsolete  except  in  the  phrase 
a  foughten  field. 

foul,  1  faul;  2  foul.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  collide  with,  as  a 
vessel;  collide;  make  or  become  foul  or  dirty;  commit 
a  breach  of  rule  against  (a  competitor).  2.  Baseball. 
To  strike  afoul.  II.  a.  1.  Offensive  or  loathsome  to  the 
physical  or  moral  sense;  filthy.  2.  Obstructing,  en- 
tangling, or  injuring  by  anything  that  clogs  or  is  harm- 
ful; contrary;  disagreeable.  3.  Impeded  or  encumbered 
by  something  detrimental;  clogged;  entangled;  encum- 
bered; as,  a.  foul  chimney;  afoul  anchor.  4.  Not  accord- 
ing to  justice  or  rule;  unfair.  5t- Ugly;  homely.  III.  n. 
1.  An  act  of  fouling,  colliding,  or  becoming  entangled  ;  a 
breach  of  rule.  2.  Baseball.  A  hit  that  sends  flic  ball 
to  the  right,  left,  or  back  of  the  diamond.  IV.  adv. 
Foully.    [<  AS.  fui,  foul] 

Syn.:  defiled,  dirty,  filthy,  gross,  impure.  Indelicate,  mud- 
dy, nasty,  obscene,  odious,  offensive,  soiled,  stained,  sullied, 
unclean,  vile.  See  bad;  noisome. — Ant.:  sec  synonyms  for 
pure.  —  Prep.:  foul  with  impurities. 

— foul'ly,  adv.  In  a  foul  manner,  foull;  fouldt. — 
foul'cmouthod",  a.  Using  abusive,  profane,  or  obscene 
language.— foul'ness,  n. 

fou-lard',  1  fn-lard':  2  fu-lard',  n.  1.  A  soft,  fine,  washable 
silk  dress-goods.  2.  An  Imitation  of  this,  made  of  silk  and 
cotton.    [FJ 

fou 'mart,  1  fmt'lor  fu'jmart;  2  fou'[or  fu'lmart,  n.  The 
European  polecat;  the  fitchew.  \ME.  fulmart,  ■  /"ui,  foul, 
■+-  AS.  mearth,  marten.]  foul'martf ;  fow'martt;  ful'l- 
martf. 

found,  1  found;  2  found,  tmp.  &  pp.  of  find,  v. 

found11,  d.  I.  t.  To  lay  the  foundation  of;  originate; 
establish.  II.  i.  To  form  and  base  one's  belief  or  opin- 
ion. [<  L.i'  fundo,  <  fundus,  base.]  Syn.:  see  institute. 
— foun-da'tlon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  founding,  or  thai  on 
which  anything  Is  founded;  base;  basis.  2.  An  endowment, 
or  endowed  Institution,     foun-da'tlon«8Chool",  n.     An 

endowed  school,     found 'er1,  b.   <  >newhofo Is  or  endows. 

— found 'ress,  n.  fern,    found'er-esst. 

found-11,  vt.    To  cast,  as  iron,  by  melting  and  pouring, 

[<   V.fondrr,   <   L.  fundO,  POUT.]      found 'er',  «,     One  Who 

makes  castings,     found 'lug,  n.    The  business  or  making 

articles  of  east  Iron,  brass,  etc, 


f.winrfi-r 


|  )-<Y    not,  Or;   full,  rfllc;   hut,  bOrn; 

,i  i     .  K-fi;  I  —  A;  gO,  a6t,  <Vr,  won.      8*8 


11  ,1,-r-i 


I 


-■  rte.t   111- 

.11.11 

1 


f  •  •  u  r . 


fold    . 


1.    \ 

.'. 
nil    I. llll-llr.nl  ".    . 


ng  of  one  more  than 
luadruple. 

U<  h.     III. 
four  '  in   Ii.iiiiI".  1 

'.'.  I  long 
•  in-  euds  banging  ver- 


'■ 
four  equal  skin  .. 
I 

1 1 

f.-ur  i.i mil".    Four 
|..lirlli.     I. 

II.  n. 
- 1  > . 

i  Francois     1772    1837).    A 

h  on  ri-i  r-l-in,   n      Fourier's  commu- 

>  fur'er  or  IF.)  njr*ye/,  n.   1. 

r.    [F.,  <  L.  fodrum, 

I  cock  or 

•I.  Birds  collectively; 

I  seeillus.  on  next  page.  |  < 

tonlrt.     row  I '.  r.  <.  ho  catches  or 

Inwriiig,  n.    The  killing 

fu«  I  ing»nef ,  //.    A  net 

fuwl'liiu  pli-i-i-",  ;i.    a  light  smooth^ 

I  [        Btch  on  the  sly. 

ii         i  '.'.  I«  dissimulate.    3.   [Slang.] 

I  eer.    II.  (.    1.  To 

'  timber,  i.:»[n-r.  etc.    2.  To 
•-  •-•!.•- ~. ..-.  .^- :•• .-      IT..-.    •    »ox',  n.  in  allusion  to  the 

fei  .         I  mal  having  a  long, 

■  bushy  tail,  commonly  n  ddiah' 


m 


■•■  of  various 
;.    \  My,  crafty 
'■■ 

ln\  'banc",  n.      A 
ittum  Yulpn-  fnv  ' :tiru-h",  n.  The 


I..\  chase.    ,        \   tOX>Uunl       fox  -earth,  n 

ol  .i  fox      fiu'tM'",  n,    I.  i  in  dragonoi      ;. 

inv  glove  i iiant  •'!  the  Q|  woi I 

funiih .  •■  pcclnllj    the    i  ngllsh    * 

bnx  Ing  (lowers  In  imn;  onesided  racemes. 

fol  grape,    •  \ii>.    one    i>I  I 

(    .  grnpi 

northern  fox  •grape.     fDi'houndi 

.mi  -I   I.n-  fox- 

ti.\  hunt  ■.  [*o  ohi 

hound       t"\  hunt,  im  .': 

hunter, 

-hi 

lux 


iiinli-r,     n.      h>x  hunting,     a.       t>>\     ,  Vl  «v.   '^gl 
liark,   PI.       The  thresher    or    m-a-fo\       -rV   >\'.^, 

n\  nqulrrcli  •-      \  large  Nortn*Amerl-A*S  E 

:m  arhon  lox  'tall",  :i.    \u>         *  I 

lit    \  i  lug  a  "tJSJto 

.e  of   dowers  like  a  fox's  tall.—   ^£^5»W 

roi  l  hi.        i  in-  tall  or  itu-m  ol  a  fox.  *-Ois.  \JF 

foi    terrier,     n  X      short-coaled,     \     \v| 

mainly    white,    terrier     fox  trot,  n.      \X.y«7/ 
I.    \  pace,  with  short  steps,  between  a   ^^x\vi 

7^ 


?> 


Foxglove. 


An  English  divine, 


steps, 

'.'.   \  modern  d 
step  of  syncopated  two-four  time 
rox'y'i  a.    I.  of  or  like  a  fox;  crafty 
in    character.     2.  Reddlsh*brown   Id 
color      S.  Having  a  musky   taste 
to\  'l-ness1,  n. 

fox',  n.    Foxing. 

foxJt,  n.    A  swi.rd. 

Fox<,7l  1.  Charles  James  (1740-1806), 
an  English  statesman;  opposed  Ameri- 
can poll     ol  I  leorge  in.    2.  George 

1601 1,  an   English  religious   r— "• 
former;  founded  the  Soclet;  of  Friends. 

Foxe,  1  feks;  2  foks.  John  (1516-1587). 
reformer,  and  historian;  Book  of  Martyrs. 

foxed.  1  fokst;  2  fokst,  pa.  1.  i  itecolon  id  i'-.  decay:  applied  to 
Umber,  2.  Having  ughMirown  si  a  ins  or  Boots,  as  tie  paper 
of  books,  prints,  etc.  8.  Repaired  or  ornamented  with  a  fox- 
ing, as  the  iippt-r-leather  of  a  shoe. 

fox  tin",  1  foks'fuir";  2  foks'flr".  n.  The  phosphorescent  light 
emitted  by  foxed  or  rotten  wood. 

fox 'lug,  1  foks'in:  2  f&ks'lng,  n.  A  piece  of  leather  put  on 
the  upper-leather  of  a  shoe  along  the  edge  nextthesole.  foil:. 

fox'  wood",  n.    Decayed  or  foxed  wood. 

fox'y-,  n.  1.  Soured;  Improperly  fermented,  as  wine.  2.  Dis- 
colored;  foxed,  as  a  badly  dyed  fabric  — fox 'l-ness2,  n. 

foyt,  n.    A  feast  given  before  or  after  going  on  a  Journey. 

fo\"cr',  1  fxva'ye' or  fol'ar;  2  fwa'yfi'  or  foy'er,  n.  A  public 
room  or  lobby,  as  In  a  theater.    [F.) 

roylef,     &n.   Same  as  foil. 

fo>  net,  n.  A  thrust;  prick.  —  foynet,  ut. 

fo'zy,  1  fo'zi;  2  fo'zy,  a.    [Scot.)    Lacking  substance:  spongy. 

V.  P.,  abbr.  Fireplug. — f.  p.  a.,  abbr.  Free  ol  particular 
average. — Fr.,  abbr.  France,  Francis,  French,  Friar,  Friday. 
—  fr.,  abbr.  Fragment,  franc,  from. — fr.,  freq.,  abbr.  Fre- 
quent, frequentative. 

fra'cas,  1  fre'kas;  2  fra'eas,  n.  A  noisy  fight;  brawl. 
[F.,<  fracasser,  shatter.)  Syn.:  see  altercation;  quarrel. 

Track,  1  frak;  2  Irak,  a.  [Scot.)  1.  Strong,  firm,  or  vigorous 
physically  or  mentally.  2.  t  liaraeterizod  by  readiness;  for- 
ward audacious.    [<  AS.  frxc,  greedy.  1    freek;. 

tract  'edt, '/.    Broken. 

frae'tion,  1  frak'shon;  2  frae'shon,  n.  1.  A  disconnected 
part;  fragment.  2.  A  quantity  less  than  a  unit,  or  one 
expressed  as  the  sum  of  a  number  of  aliquot  parts  of 
a  unit.  [F.,  <  L.  fractio(n-) ,  <  fracius,  broken.] 
Syn.:  see  part. — frac'tlon-al,  a.— frac'tlon-al-ly,  adv. — 
frae'tion-a-ry,  a. 

frac'tions,  1  frak'slius;  2  frac'shfls,  a.  Disposed  to  rebel ; 
restive;  unruly;  peevish.  |<  Prov.  Eng.  frateh,  scold.] 
S.vn.:  see  fretful;  pebversb;  restive.  —  frac'tlous-ly, 
adv.  —  frae'tlous-ness,  n. 

frac'ture,  1  frak'diur  or  -tiur;  2  frae'ehur  or  -tur.  I.  vt. 
[fhac'tured;  pbac'txtb-inq.]  To  break;  be 
broki  n  admit  oi  fracture.  II.  »■  The  aci  of  breaking; 
a  break,  either  partial  or  complete.  [F.,  <  I.,  fractura,  a 
breach.)  Syn.:  see  break;  rupture.  —  frac'tur-a-bl(ee, 
a. — frae'tur-al,  a. 

frae,  1  frf-.  2  fra,  -prep.    [Scot.]    From. 

fras;'il  eH,  1  fraj'il;  2  frag'il,  a.    Easily  broken;  frail;  deli- 
(<  L.  fragilis,  <  frnnao,  break.] 
Syn.:  breakable,  brittle,  delicate,  frail,  frangible.  Infirm, 
slight,  tender,  weak  —  frag'll(e-ly8,  adv.  —  fra-gll'1-ty,  n. 
Fragile  quality  or  condition. 

frag 'merit,  1  frag'ment  or  -msnt;  2  frag'ment,  n.  Apart 
broken  off;  a  small  detached  portion.  [F.,  <  L.  frag- 
menlum,  fragment,  remnant.]  Syn.:  see  part. — frag'men- 
ta-ry,  <(.  Composed  of  fragments;  broken.  Incomplete. 
frag-nien'talj.  —  frag'men-ta-ri-ly,  adv. 

fra 'grant,  1  fre'grant;  2  ira'grant,  a.  Having  an  agree- 
BblesmeJL    [<  L.frayran(i-)is,  sweet»scented.]   -ly,  acitt 


4-K"  ..t"^ 


REPRESENTATIVE  TYPES  OF   FOWLS. 


I.  Sebright  Bantam  . 

g.  Exhibition      Black-breasted    Rca 

Games. 
.'J.   Dark  Cornish  or   Indian  Games. 
1.  Ja  panes*  Bantams. 
j.  8Uver»spangled  Hamburgs. 
$.  Plt-ganji 


7.  La  Fleche. 

8.  wiiitc  Leghorns. 

9.  Black  Langshans. 

10.  Burr  Cochins. 

1 1.  Partrldge>cooblns. 
vi.  Light  Brahmas. 
i.:(,  Mottled  .Java*. 


14.  Harrci]  Plymouth  Rocks. 

15.  Silver  laced   Wyandoi  tea. 

16.  Sllver»gray  Dorkings. 

17.  Eoudans. 

18.  Whlte«faoed  Black  Spanish. 

19.  Black  Mlnoroas. 

jq   White  created  Bl  iol   Pal]  ih 


■ 

lituli 

• 

fr»ll    1), 

■ 

i 
fralim-.-:.     Sjn  : 

' 


r  containing 

..  ]     I.  I      I. 

i. 
■ 
II.        I. 
3  ■ 
mi  inc.  .     i  mtm  ark     '-'.  rhe  act 

rttct;  u  kv. 
instructed   of 
united  :iinl  adju  itod 
ncral  arranj 
:.  porting  and  form- 

ustain 

picture^/ratm .  glass 

4.  \  •  border  made 

."..  -i  iteor oon- 

7  .  ntriv- 

odvantage,   <  frem- 

framework,  order. 

•  IIPKB. 

•  d  :i  w len 

e'work",  n.     A  skeleton  structure  for 

Syr. :  see  I 

or  Prov.  Eng.] 

r  mi  'pal    :  (r.iin   pi  I'. 

1 .  .  silver  ruin,  of  the 

nch  gold  i  iece,  first 

in'  '1  in  1575.    See 


frmU  J    0  .         .  ,  l  ,  I      poll  0      '.  {Ai    nol.ftr;   full,  rule;   DOt,  l>Orn; 

,  „,  ...  ...  I         i    i       i  i     ■  .  k<>.  not,  <>i.  »ou,     330 

•,  ..r  the  signature  thai  authenticates  it:  ex- 
1  oonuncrcioll]  to  telegrams,  eto,    [<    rRANK,  a.] 
frank1 1 .  n     \  \>ihm\  or  pen  for  fattening  a««""f'T.    I      01 

Frank 'fort,  l  frank'fert;  2  Irank'fort,  n     I.   \  olta   In  i 

68.000     Frank 'for the>0'derl.    2.  a 

ipltaJ  of  Kentuekj .  pop   i"  I 

t  rink  inn  <m  i  in-  Main',  1  Frank'fert,  main';  2  frftnk'foi  t, 

miii'.  ■.      \  ■  It]    pop   116,000   in  s  i:   Prussia;  birthplace 

of  Oocthe     Frank 'furl  am  Ifaln't  [Q.]. 
frank 'furf-«T.  1  frank'fert-ar;  2  fr&nk'furvflr,  n.     A  highly 
of  mixed  meats.     [•     Frankfurt,  <;.t- 

man)       Frankfurt  sausage:, 
ir.ink  in-ct'iiso,  1  frarjk'in-eens;  2  fr&nk'in-p&ns,  n.    An 

aromatic  gum  or  i  I  as  an  inw  use 

frank'lln1.  l  frank/hn^  franklin,  n.   A  freeholder.   [OR 

/run!  ■     fti,       i  i .  ■■  a  •<■  '  \ncus,  free.] 

Franklin  .    n.      I.    Helljallllll     (1706    1790),    an     \ in.Tl.an 

patriot,  writer,  and  diplomat;  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 

Independence.    S.  Sir  John  (1786   1847),  an  English  Arctic. 

explorer;  died  on  his  second  expedition 

fr.'in'lic,  l  fran'tik;  2  fr&n'tie,  a,     Manifesting  or  due  to 

icitement;  frenzied.    [<  <ir   phrenSHkos,  < 

brain.]     Synj    see   dtsans.    fran'ti-cal-ly,  adv.. 

fran'tlc-1] ;.    fran'tle-ness,  n. 

Fran/"  Jn'scf  Land,  1   fr(ints"..\(Vzef;  2  frant.s'-yo'sef.     An 

archipelago  In  the  Arctic  ocean;  N.  of  Nova  Zembla 
frap,   1    trap;  2   trap,   it.  tfaut.  To  draw  or  bind  together;, 

underglrd. 
frap-pc',  1  fra-pC;  2  traVpe'.    [frap-cee',  /em.]     [F.]     I.  a.. 

feed;  chilled.    II.  «.    An  Iced  mixture  or  beverage. 

F.  R.  A.  S.,  abbr.     Fellow  of  the  Royal  Astronomical  Society. 

Fra'ser  rlv'er,  1  fre'zar:  2  fra'ser.    A  stream  (the  largest)  in. 

British  <  lolumbla;  l.ooom.  long  to  the  Gulf  of  Georgia, 
fratch.  1  fracTi;  2  frach,  vi.    [Prov.  Eng.)  1.  To  quarrel.    2.. 

To  frolic-  fratch,  n. 

fra-tcr'nal,  1  fra-tur'nal;  2  fra-tcr'nal,  a.  Pertaining  to> 
or  befitting  a  brother;  brotherly.  (<  L.^yrofernns,  < 
frnur.  BROTHEB.]  -ly,  adv.— fra-ter'iial-lsm,  n.  —  fra- 
ter'nl-ty,  n.     [-TTJB8>,  pi.)    1.  The  condition  or  relation  of 

brotherhood;  brotherly  affection.  2.  An  association  or 
brotherhood.  Syn.:  see  association,  frat'cr-nlze  or 
-nlse,  it.  &  vl.  To  bring  Into  brotherly  relations;  hold  fel- 
lowship. frat"er-ni-za'[or  -sa'Jtlon,  n.—  frat'cr-nlz"cr 
or  -nls'Vr,  n. 

frat'ri-oide,  1  f rat'ri-said ;  2  frSt'ri-cid,  n.  1.  One  who 
kills  his  brother.  2.  The  killing  of  a  brother  by  a 
brother.  |  I".,  <  L.  frater,  brother,  +  cxdo,  kill] — 
frat'rl-cl"dal,  a. 

frail.  1  frou;  2  frou,  n.  [frau'en,  pi.]  A  married  woman:  the 
equivalent  of  Mistress;  Mrs.  [(;.]  — frau'leln,  1  frol'laln; 
2  fnji'lln,  n.  An  unmarried  woman:  the  equivalent  of 
MiSS.     [G.] 

fraud,  1  frod;  2  frad,  n.  1.  Deception  with  the  object  of 
gaining  by  another's  loss;  craft;  trickery;  guile.  2. 
[Colloq.]  One  who  acts  fraudulently;  a  cheat;  a  decep- 
ti\e  or  spurious  thing.     [<  L.F fraus,  deceit.] 

Syn.:  artifice,  cheat,  cheating,  deceit,  deception,  dishon- 
esty, duplicity,  Imposition,  imposture,  swindle,  swindling, 
treachery,  treason,  trick.  A  fraud  is  an  act  of  deliberate  de- 
ception with  the  design  of  securing  something  by  taking  un- 
fair advantage  of  another.  A  deceit  or  deception  may  be  de- 
signed merely  to  gain  some  end  of  one's  own,  with  no  Intent 
of  harming  another;  an  imposition,  to  take  some  small  ad- 
vantage of  another,  or  simply  to  make  another  ridiculous. 
An  imposture  Is  designed  to  obtain  money,  credit,  or  posi- 
tion to  which  one  Is  not  entitled,  and  may  be  practised  by  a 
street  beggar  or  by  the  pretender  to  a  throne.  All  action 
that  is  not  honest  Is  dishonesty,  but  the  term  dishonesty  Is 
generally  applied  In  business,  politics,  etc.,  to  deceitful  prac- 
whlch  are  not  distinctly  criminal.  Fraud  Includes  efe- 
ciil,  but  deceit  may  not  reach  the  gravity  of  fraud;  a  cheat  Is 
of  the  nature  of  fraud,  but  of  a  petty  sort;  a  swindle  Is  more 
serious  than  a  cheat.  Involving  larger  values  and  more  fla- 
grant dishonesty.  Fraud  Is  commonly  actionable  at  law; 
cheating  and  sicindling  are  for  the  most  part  out  of  the  reach 
of  legal  proceedings.  Compare  artifice;  deception; 
TREACHERY.  —  Ant.:  fairness,  good  faith,  honesty,  Integrity, 
truth,  uprightness. — fraud'ful,  a.  -ly,  adv.  —  fraud'less,  a. 
-ly,  ad',  -ncss,  n.  —  fraud'u-lenf,  a.  Proceeding  from, 
characterized  by,  or  practising  fraud.  Syn.:  see  bad;  coun- 
terfeit.— fraud 'u-Icncc,  n.  fraud'u-len-eyj. — fraud'- 
u-lent-ly,    adv. 

fraughtt.    I.  vt.    To  freight.    II.  n.    Freight;  cargo. 

fraught,  1  fret;  2  frat,  pa.  [Poet.]  Freighted;  laden;  full. 
[<  Dan.  fragte,  load] 

Iraon  'bo-fer,  1  Iraun'hO-far;  2  froun'h5-fer,  Joseph  (1787- 
1  326  A  (Jerman  optician  and  physicist;  mapped  dark  lines 
of  tlie  spectrum.  —  Fraunhofer's  lines,  a  group  of  dark 
lines  In  the  spectrum,  appearing  to  the  eye  as  a  single  trans- 
verse line. 

frax"l-ncl'la,  1  fraks'i-nel'a;  2  fraksT-nSl'a,  n.  A  Euroocan 
herb  «J  the  rue  temiiy.   [  <  l.  fraxinus.  ash-treci 


>  207,05 1  sq.  m.;  pop. 

39.60C    - 

knatofe    1844-        ).    Pseudonym 

•  a  French  novelist;  Academician. 

1  rin-. .  -  •  .i  da  Kl   nil-nl.  :   '-    •.  .     •  -',ji  du  rl'ml-nl;  2  frun- 

eb**  An  Italian  lady;  killed,  to- 

.  by  her  husband,  Giovanni 

■iiite. 

fran   rid-  tilsc. 

fraii  i  hi-.  .  2 fran'chis, or -chle., n.    1. 

'.'.    \     •  ii  cial  privilege 
!■  .''!.<  franc;  see 

■ 
Fran'rlv 


■  IIT. 


I.  F.  I.  (1494-1647),  king 
►"III   of  England  on  the  "Field  of  the 
.'     r     ler'dl-n.uid   (1863    1914  .     Arch- 
ed  at  Serajevo, 

'•    r  .  J pb  I.     1-  in   191(1  .  Emperor  of 

I     ^.iln(    F.   or  As-M    (11S^    1226J. 
IlAUaa  mciMllc»: 
i  •  '   in-cLs'can,  n.     \  mi  mber  or 

a  mradlcam  ord<-r  inded  by  St.  Francis  of 

I  r  in-.  I-   .   in.  B. 
fran  r.-lln.  7i       An  Old   World 

port.-  :  plumage  and  a  rather  long 

tl'rur',  'i      ;.' 
■i'rur'.pl.]    [1  .]    A  French 

I  asily  broken; 

Iran  "gl-biri-t>,  r». 

fr»n_ci-pan'l.  -pAn'l.  n.    A  perfume 

;asmlne.  [<  Marquis 

fr»n  'Ion-. 

frank    .  -itch,  or  cause  to  be 

transport'-  I 

;  '.   -  .►■  ,:;.•:  it.g 

fr»nW  :■  a  pigsty:  see  frank',  n. 

frank.  1  ■.»   .  f living 

f  privi- 
tion.     [  <  OF.  franc, 
fra.'  •  BBT. 

frank   1 1  .  fr  ink    DM 

Frank  .1.  -manic  tribes 

in  era      2.  In 
<  <  IHG    / 

I  r.ink    l-b. 

frank  -  .  nllP»tUH  free,  the  pack- 


i: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    Uli  =  out;    oil;    lu  =  feud;    diin;    go;    rj  =  sirt(7;    thin,   this,  frail 

331      2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but.   burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this,      frequent 


fray1,  1  fre;2  fra,  v.    I. 1.    To  wear;  fret.    II.  i.    To  ravel 

at  the  edge.    [  <  L.  frico,  rub.] 
fray2||,  vt.    To  affright;  terrify;  alarm. 
fray3H,ui.    To  fight;  contend. 
fray1,  n.    A  fretted  spot  in  a  cloth,  cord,  etc. 
fray2,  n.     1.  An  affray;  fracas.     2||.  A  combat;  assault. 

[Abbr.  of  affray,  n.)     Syn.:  see  quarrel. 
fraz'zle,  1  fraz'I;  2  fraz'l.    I.  vt.  &  vi.  [Colloq.]  To  fray,  fret, 

or  tatter;  become  frayed:  said  of  cloth.    II.  n.    Frayed  ends: 

state  of  being  frayed. 
F.  K.  C.  P.,  abbr.    Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians. 

— F.  R.  C.  S.,  abbr.    Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of  Sur- 
geons.— Ft.  E.,  abbr.    French  ells. 
freaks  1  frik;  2  frek.    I.  vt.    To  mark  with  spots  or  flecks; 

streak.    II1.  n.    A  splash;  streak.    [Cp.  freckle.] 
freak2,  1  frik;  2  frek,  n.    1.  A  sudden  causeless  change  of 

mind;  a  whim.  2.  A  monstrosity.  [Prob.  <  AS.  free,  bold. 

rash.]     Syn.:  see  whim. — freak'lsh,  a.  freak'yt  [Colloq.]. 

— freak'ish-ly,    adv. — freak 'ish-ness,     freak '1-ness,  n. 
freck'l(ep,  1  frek'l;  2  frgk'l.     I.  vt.  &  vi.    [freck'l(e)dp; 

freck'ling]     To  mark  or  be  marked  with  freckles. 

II.  n.     A  small,  brownish,  or  dark=colored  spot  on  the 

skin.     [<   Ice.  freknur,  pi.,  freckles.] — freck'led,  pa. 

Marked  with  freckles,    freck'lyj. 
Fred.,  Fredk.,  abbr.    Frederick. 
Fred'er-lck,  1  fred'sr-ik;  2  fred'er-ik,  n.    I.  F.  I.,  Barbarossa 

(Red=beard)    (1121-1190),  emperor  of  Germany;  invaded 

Italy  five  times.    2.  F.  Hohenzollern  (1371-1440),  elector 

of  Brandenburg;  founded  royal  family  of  Prussia.     3.  F.  I. 

(1657-1713),  first  king  of  Prussia.     4.  F.  II.,  "the  Great" 

(1712-1786),  king  of  Prussia;  military  genius  (Seven  Years' 

war).  5.  F.  William  I..  "The  Great  Elector"  (1620-1688), 

elector  of  Brandenburg;  secured  independence  of  Prussia. 

6.     F.  William   (1882-         ).    crown    prince  of   Prussia; 

In  command  of  German  forces  before  Verdun,  1914-     .     7. 

A  city  in  N.  W.  Maryland;  pop.  10,000. 
Fred'er-icks-burg,  1  fred'ar-iks-burg;  2  fred'er-iks-burg,  n. 

A  city  (pop.  6,000)  in  N.  E.  Virginia;  Lee  defeated  Burnside, 

Dec.  13,  1862. 
Fred'er-ic-ton,  1  fred'ar-ik-tan;  2  fred'er-ic-ton,  n.    A  city; 

capital  of  New  Brunswick  province,  Canada;  pop.  7,200. 
free,  1  frl;  2  fre.    I.  vt.    [freed;  free'ing.]    To  set  free; 

release  from  bondage;  rid  or  relieve,  as  from  hindrance 

or  restraint.    Syn.:  see  absolve;  deliver;  release. 

II.  a.  [fre'er;  fre'est.]  1.  Having  liberty  to  follow  one's 
own  choice;  independent.  2.  Characterized  by  political 
liberty.  3.  Liberated,  by  reason  of  age,  from  the  author- 
ity of  parents.  4.  Invested  with  certain  franchises.  5. 
Exempt  from,  or  not  subject  to:  followed  by  from  or  rarely 
by  of.  6.  Ingenuous;  frank;  easy;  genial.  7.  Character- 
ized by  disregard  of  propriety;  unduly  familiar;  indeli- 
cate or  immodest.  8.  Unobstructed;  unrestricted;  un- 
constrained; careless;  unconcerned.  9.  Without  fee;  gra- 
tuitous; as,  a  free  school.  10.  Liberal;  generous.  11. 
Not  attached,  bound,  or  fixed. 

Syn.:  at  liberty,  clear,  emancipated,  exempt,  Independent, 
unchecked,  unconfined,  unfettered,  unhindered,  unimpeded, 
unobstructed,  unrestrained,  untrammeled. — Ant.:  bound, 
clogged,  dependent,  enslaved,  fettered,  hindered,  impeded,  in 
subjection,  restrained,  restricted,  shackled,  subdued,  sub- 
jected, subjugated.  See  generous.  —  Prep.:  free  from 
(rarely  of)  restraint,  pain,  etc.;  free  in  action,  in  communica- 
tion, in  statement;  free  with  his  money,  with  his  tongue;  free 
with  one's  friends,  servants,  etc.;  admission  is  free  to  all;  the 
highway  is  free  for  all;  he  was  made  free  o/the  city  of  London. 

III.  adv.  Without  restriction;  freely;  gratuitously; 
willingly.  [  <  AS.  freo,  orig.  loving,  beloved.] — free 
agency,  the  power  or  capacity  of  acting  freely,  1 .  e„  without 
■constraint  of  the  will.  See  will. — f.  agent,  one  endowed 
with  free  agency .  — frce'<board",  n.  Naul.  The  side  of  a 
vessel  between  the  water«llne  and  the  deck.  —  free  'boot  "er, 
n.  A  robber.--  free'=born",  a.  Not  born  In  servitude. — 
f.  city,  a  city  having  an  independent  government,  as  certain 
'German  cities,  that  at  one  lime  were  virtually  small  repub- 
lics.—f.  goods,  goods  that  are  not  subject  to  a  tariff.  — f.( 
hand,  a.  Executed  with  the  hand  without  aid  of  measure- 
ments or  dxawing'instruments;  as,  freehand  drawing. — 
r.  (handed)  <;.  l-  Fiavlng  the  hands  free  or  unrestricted.  2. 
Open-handed;  generous. — '.(handedness,  n.-  f.dicartcd, 
a.  Generous;  frank;  openahearted.  frce'hold",  n.  1.  An 
■estate  In  lands.  2.  Land  held  In  fee  simple—  frec'hold'Vr, 
,n.  The  Owner  of  a  freehold  estate,  f.danre,  n.  1.  One  of 
■&  class  of  professional  soldiers  of  the  middle  ages,  usually 
with  men-at-arms  as  followers,  who  sold  their  services.  2. 
One  who  Is  careless  of  conventionalities;  especially,  one  who 
speaks  or  writes  on  his  individual  responsibility  with  free- 
dom or  acrimony.  -  f.  list.    1.  Com.  a  list  of  goods  that 

are  not  Subject  to  tariff  charges.  2.  A  list,  of  persons  accorded 
admission,  or  other  privileges,  gratis,  f. diver,  n.  One 
addicted  to  personal  Indulgence,  as  In  eating  and  drinking. — 
i-  Jiving,  a.  &  re.— freely,  adv.-  free'man,  n.  a  man  who 
la  free;  one  not  a  slave;  a  citizen.  Free'nia"son,  n.  A 
member  of  an  ancient  and  widely  extended  secret  fraternity. 


— Free'ma"son-ry,  n.  The  Institutions  and  principles  oi 
Freemasons;  hence,  community  of  feeling  and  interest. — 
free'ness,  n.  The  state  of  being  free;  liberality. — f.  port, 
a  port  free  for  trading  vessels  of  all  nations,  or  a  port  where 
no  duties  are  levied  on  articles  of  commerce. — f.  ship.  1. 
A  ship  belonging  to  a  neutral  power,  and  hence  free  from  lia- 
bility to  seizure  in  time  of  war.  2.  [U.  S.]  A  ship  that,  tho 
foreign-built,  may  receive  United  States  registry  when 
owned  by  a  citizen  or  citizens  of  the  United  States— F.( 
soil,  a.  [U.  S.]  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  Free-sollers.— F.» 
soiler,  n.  A  supporter  of  the  Free-soil  party,  organized  in 
1848  to  oppose  the  extension  of  slavery. — f.  =spoken,  a. 
Unreserved  or  frank  in  speech. — f.(Spokenness,  n.—f. 
States  [U.S.],  before  the  Civil  War,  the  States  where  slavery 
did  not  exist. — free'stone",  n.  1.  A  sandstone,  easily 
WTOught  for  building  purposes.  2.  A  peach  easily  freed*  from 
Its  pit. — f.  thought,  thought  unbiased  by  authority  or 
dogma;  especially,  thought  that  does  not  recognize  the 
Christian  Scriptures  as  the  supreme  authority. — free'- 
think"er,  n. — f.  trade,  commerce  unrestricted  by  tariff  or 
customs. — f.(trader,  n.  1.  An  advocate  of  free  trade.  2. 
[Gt.  Brit.]  A  smuggler. — f.swill,  a.  Made,  done,  or  given  of 
one's  own  free  will. — f.  will,  the  power  of  self-determination 
regarded  as  a  special  faculty;  specif.,  in  theology,  the  faculty 
of  choosing  good  or  evil  without  compulsion  or  necessity. 

freed 'man,  1  frid'mBn;  2  fred'man,  n.  An  emancipated 
slave. — freed  'wo"man,  n.  fem. 

free'dom,  1  fri'dam;  2  fre'dom,  n.  1.  The  state  of  being 
free;  liberty;  exemption.  2.  Facility  of  action  or  man- 
ner; ease;  ingenuousness;  also,  undue  familiarity.  [< 
AS.  freO,  free,  +  -dom;  see  -dom.]     Syn.:  see  liberty. 

Free'man,  1  fri'man;  2  fre'man,  Edward  Augustus  (1823— 
1892).  An  English  historian;  History  of  the  Norman  Con- 
quest, etc. 

Free'town,  1  frl'taun;  2  fre'town,  n.  A  seaport  town,  capital 
of  Sierra  Leone,  West  Africa;  pop.  34,000. 

freez(ep,  1  friz;  2  frez,  vt.&vi.  [fro'zen  or  froze  ;  freez'- 
ing.]  To  harden  with  cold;  congeal;  injure;  kill,  or  be 
injured  or  killed,  by  cold.  [<  AS.  freosan.] — freez'er, 
n.  One  who  or  that  which  freezes. — freez'Ing=polnt",  n. 
The  degree  of  cold  at  which  a  liquid  freezes,  especially  the 
degree  at  which  water  freezes  under  ordinary  conditions: 
32°  above  zero  Fahrenheit  and  0°  centigrade  and  Reaumur. 

Frei'berg,  1  frai'berH;  2  fri'berH,  n.  A  mining  town  (pop. 
36,000)  in  Saxony;  school  of  mines. 

Frei'burg,  1  frai'burH;2  fn'burH,  n.  A  district  (1,830  sq.  m.; 
pop.  565,000)  in  Baden,  Germany;  also  its  capital  (pop.  83,- 
000) ;  university,  founded  1457. 

freight,  1  fret;  2  frat.  Id.  vt.  To  use  for  or  as  freight; 
load;  transport.  II.  n.  Goods  transported  by  publio 
carriers,  or  the  price  paid  for  such  transportation;  that 
with  which  anything  is  laden.  [  <  OHG.LL+OF  freht, 
wages.]  Syn.:  see  load. — freight'age,  n.  A  cargo;  trans- 
portation, or  the  price  of  transportation  of  merchandise. — 
freight '(car",  n.  A  railway-car  for  carrying  freight. — 
freight 'er,  n. 

Fre'ling-huy"sen,  1  fri'hn-hai"zen;  2  fre'ling-hy'gen,  Fred- 
erick Theodore  (1817-1885).    An  American  statesman. 

frem,    )  1  frem,   fremd;  2  fr6m,  fremd,  a.  [Scot.  &  North. 

fremd,  S  Eng.]  Alien;  strange.  [<  AS.  fremde,  <  from, 
from.]  fraiin;;  fram'mil  ;  frem'itt;  frenj.— fremd t, 
n.    A  stranger. — fremed  'lyt,  adv. 

Fre'man-tle,  1  fri'man-tl;  2  fr6'man-tl,  n.  A  seaport  in  W. 
Australia;  pop   20,847. 

Fre-mont',  1  fn-ment';  2  fre-mont',  John  Charles  (1813- 
1890).     An  American  explorer  In    western  United  States. 

French,  1  french;  2  frCnch.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  France. 
II.  n.  The  language  or  people  of  France.  [  <  AS. 
Frencisc,  <  Franca;  see  Frank1,  n.]— French  Equatorial 
Africa,  the  French  possessions  along  the  Atlantic  coast  of 
Africa  between  Kamerun  and  the  Belgian  Kongo;  669,000 
sq  m.;  pop.  10,000,000.  French  Kongo!.—  F.  leave,  an 
Informal  or  hurried  leave-taking,  as  by  one  who  has  stolen 
something;  tin  absconding. — P.  roof,  a  modified  Mansard 
roof.—  Freneh'l-fy,  rt.  [-fiicd;  -fy'ing.1  To  affect  with 
French  characteristics. — French 'man,  n.  A  nal  ive  or  citi- 
zen of  France;  one  of  the  French  people.-  French 'wn"- 
man,  n.  fun.  French 'y.  [colloq.]  I.  a.  Having  or  assum- 
ing French  characteristics,  II.  n.  A  Frenchman:  In  contempt. 

French.  1.  Daniel  Chester  (1850-  ).  an  American 
sculptor.  2.  Sir  John  I).  P.  (1852-  ).  a  British  gen- 
eral; commanded  British  forces  In  campaign  In  France 
against  Cermans,  1914. 

fren'zy,  1  fren'zi;  2  fren'zy.  I.  vt.  [kkkn'zikk;  PBHN  ey- 
ing.] To  throw  into  frenzy;  make  frantic.  II.  n. 
[pbbn'zibb*.  /'/.]  Violent  agitation;  fury;  madness:  delir- 
ium. (<  Gi'"1  phrenSaia,  inflammation  of  the  brain.] 
Syn.:  fanaticism,  fury,  Insanity,  madness,  mania,  raving. 
See    enthusiasm;    INSANITY,      Ant.:    composure,    coolness. 

equanimity,  equipoise,  sanity,  sobriety.    frcn'/.led,  pa. 
frc'quenee,   1   frl'kwcns;   3   fn'kwcnc,   n.     1§.   Frequency; 

abundance.     2||.  A  crowd;  concourse. 
frc-(|uent'd,  1  fri-kwent';  2  fre-kwont',  vt.    To  visit  or 


from 


II 


II 


fr.  -Ii   .  I. 


fr.  -h    m. in. 


t 


li  i     ,|in  n-l  i   - 
I 

I 

I 

Ires  m-cr. 

I  duced; 

:i.   1  nil  i  I 

1. 

\- 

novel. 

unimpaired. 

.',i.  vigorous, 

•  i  ayed, 

I.        I.  To  make 

• 

;.    I 

Irish  'ell-iT. 

>i -.  ir.-h  '  ».i'  i.r.         I.   l'ir- 

cneed  In  billing 

I 
i  Slang.] 

I .   \  sudden  Bood  in  a 
2  .  am;  a 

-II 'mi  n, 

irae. 
luirustln  lean    I  :-•    1827). 

:   central  <  allfornia: 


I 

.  in.;  ]     I.  (.     1. 
'.'.        produce  irri- 
II.  I 

or  com- 
OB-)   +  etan; 

(r    i    .  fret  work. 

irritation;  agi- 
Ir.l   iwirk"    . 

.    as   a   guitar, 

i 

I. 

narllng, 

on 

omplalnlng.-   frri  lui- 


>      K     I. 

tri 

fn    ,r. 


bare- 
order: 

frlh  hi 
I 


totter.-  frit.  Ut.    . 


if  love; 

<  barles   Louis  de 

«.u-i .n  a  Ger- 

■ 

imbled.    [-^ 
iri ".i-i,iri-i) .       trl'a-bl  i -ii.  -- 

dicant 

fri  '- 
r'-   I  mi.  rn. 

>  BIB'BUNO  j 

...  also,  to 


i        0      '  Ro;  not.  fir;  full,  t file ;  l.ut.bflrn; 
,       ,         ii       i       .  l-o;uO.  ii.-.i.  Or,  win,     888 

i. ii.  i.i  .        i  •  .f  little  Importance;  frivolous      n.  n. 

,  u  hi.  i     it  p  i  ruvoi  oi 

ill   hi   .  !  in  u  \',  ] 

i       \ .  mi.  i  of  veal  ..i  other  meat,  tried  or 
■tewed,  served  with  sauce     frlc"an-do't. 

- »c*'i  L  frik  I.         ro  make  In- 

II.         \  i  i  i  i  i  mall,    i  ■  ■  u  ■  ■  1 

,.i  fried,  and  mi  ved  with  gravj      !      I     l    ca    "I 

1 1 1.     .-I  ii   .    .    .    I        ..  in  .  2    Irh  'niii.  -./.I'll  nr 

.  ed  i.i  frlotlon,  as  tl  al  sounds  wnlob  are 

i in.  ..I  i.i   i in*  forced  escape  and  friction  ol  the  breatb 

■.mm  aperture,  as  th,  th,  tit.         I  pp 

rub      frle'a-th  e  . 
(rlr'iiiin.  1   inkVli   :i    2  trie'  bon,  n      1.  Thi    rubbing 

■  I  oi  two  bodies,  or  the  l b  unci   to  mol 

j. in. lur.  .I;  attrition      '.'•  Biol  .ii 

i    ,        i  ,  rub.] 

libra  Ion,  attrition,  chafing,  fretting,  grating,  grind- 
Interference,  rubbing,  wearing. 

irle  ilon-al,  it      »Ij  . 

Prl'day1,  1  frai'di;2  frl'dy,  n     The   brth  day  of  the  wei  k 
!  less  Frlgga)    I    ttt  g,  da]  I 
Black  Friday,  an]  Frids  i  public  calamity. 

Good  k..  Hi.-  Friday  before  i  aster 

Frl'day1,  n      in   Defoe's   '■  i  rusoe's  native 

servant,  whom  he  saves  from  death  on  a  Friday, 

fried i  1  frui. l .  2  Md,  Imp.  &  />/».  of  i  nv,  i . 

Plied  land,  1  trtd'lsnd  or  (ff.)  frlt'lant;  2  trSd'land  or  (G.) 
frEt'lant,  n,  A  town  In  E.  Prussia;  here  Napoleon  defeated 
thi   Russians,  1807;  pop  3,800 

friend,  i  l  trend;  L.'  trend,  it.    1.  One  who  cherishes  kind 

trend pf  I  regard  for  another  person.  "J.  <  toe  who  regards 
a  iliing  with  favor  :i.  An  adherent;  ally.  4.  [F-]  One 
..I  the  Society  of  Friends;  a  Quaker.  |-  v- 
prop,  ppr. of fteOn, love.]  Syn.:  see  tssoi  iin  Society  <»f 
Friends,  a  Christian  body  commonlj  known  as  Quakers, 
which  rejects  outward  observances  and  condemns  war  and 

the    taking   of   oaths        See   In'.,  GEOROl         friend 'less,  0. 

Having  no  friends;  forlorn,    friend 'less-ness,  n. 
friendly,]  fren.rii;  2  frend'ly,  n .    1.  Pertaining toor like 
d;  befitting  friendship     'I.  Propitious;  favorable. 
Syn.:  accessible,  affable,  affectionate,  amicable,  brotherly, 
companionable,  complaisant,  cordial,  fai  orable,  fond,  genial, 
hearty,  kind,  kindly,  loving,  nelghborlj .  sociable,  social,  ten- 
der, wen-disposed.     Friendly,  as  said  of  persons,  signifies 
having  the  disposition  of  s  friend:  as  said  of  arts,  ii  signifies 

lug  or  north.!'  of  a  friend.     The  ad Jective frien 
not    reach   the  full   Significance  Ol  the   nouns    •'friend"   and 

"friendship";  one  may  be  friendly  to  those  who  are  not  bis 

friends,  and  to  be  in  friendly  relations  often  Signifies  liltle 
more  than  not  to  be  hostile  A  "  '  <  and  accessible  are  dis- 
tinctively used  of  public  and  eminent  persons,  who  might, 
If  disposed,  hold  themselves  at  a  distance  from  ol  hers  '  '"'"- 
panlonabh  and  sociabU  refer  to  manner  and  behavior,  cordial 
and  genial  .".press  genuine  kindliness  of  heart  and  warmth 
nig.  We  speak  of  a  cordial  greeting,  a  favorable  recep- 
tion, a  neighborly  call,  a  sociable  visitor,  an  amicable  settle- 
ment, a  Hnd  interest.  &  friendly  regard,  a  hearty  welcome. 
The   Saxon  frittitlly   Is  stronger   than   the    Latin   an 

is  commonly  applied  to  an  affection  that  becomes,  or 

at  least  appears,  excessive.    Affectionate,  devoted,  and  tender 

most  always  used  In  a  high  and  good  sense:  as,  an  affec- 

a  i'.  voted  friend;  "the  tender  mercy  of  our  God," 

7s      Sec  amicable;  good;   propitious.     Compare 

friendship.— Ant.:  adverse,  alienated,  antagonistic,  belll- 

belllgerent,    cold,    contentious,    disaffected,  distant, 

ill.  frigid,  hostile,  ill-disposed,  Indifferent,  inimical. 

Unfriendly,  unkind,  warlike. 

friend 'll-ly,  adv.  friend '\yl.  friend 'll-ness,  n.— 
friend  ship,  n.  1.  Mutual  regard  cherished  by  kindred 
minds  2.  Tin- state  or  fact  of  being  friends.  3||.Anactof 
friend  i  •  .  aid;  relief. 

Syn.:  affection,  amity,  attachment,  comity,  consideration, 
devotion,  esteem,  favor,  friendliness,  good  will,  love,  regard. 
Frit  ndshtp  Is  a  deep,  quiet,  enduring  afft  ctlon,  founded  upon 
mutual  respect  and  esteem.     Friendship  is  always  mutual: 
one  may  have  friendly  feelings  toward  an  enemy,  but  while 
there  Is  hostility  or  coldness  on  one  side  there  can  not  be 
Itlp  between  the  two.     Friendliness  is  a  quality  of 
friendly  feeling,  without  the  deep  and  settled  attachment  lm- 
Lte  of  friendship.     Comity  Is  mutual  kindly 
Courtesy,  with  care  of  each  other's  right,  and  amity  a  friendly 
feeling  and  relation,  not  necessarily  Implying  special  friend- 
Van  comity  of  nations,  or  amity  between  neighbor- 
ing countries.     Affection  may  be  purely  natural:  friendship 
Is  a  gr"  ','ti      Friendship  is  more  intellectual  and  less  i-mo- 
!   than  lotie;  It  Is  easier  to  give  reasons  for  friend  hip 
than  for  love;  friendship  Is  more  calm  and  quiet,  lore  more 
f.rv.nt.  often  rising  to  intensest  passion;  friendship  Implies 
some  degree  of  equality,  while  love  does  not;  one  may  have 
■  r  an  Inferior  or  an  enemy.    Compare  ACQUAINTANCE; 
association;  attachment,  love.— Ant.:  see  synonyms  for 
battle;  enmity;  feud;  hatred— Prep.:  the  friendship  of 


1: 9  =  final;    l  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  <mt;    ell;    10  =  feud;    «5hin;    go;    rj  =  sinff;    thin,   this. 
333      2:  wolf,  dft;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


frequent 
from 


one  person  for  or  toward  another,  or  the  friendship  between 

them. 
Friend 'ly  Islands.    See  Tonga  Islands. 
Fries.,  Frs.,  abbr.    Friesian,  Friesic. 
Frie'sian,  1  fri'3en;  2  fre'zhan,  re.    The  language  of  Friesland, 

the  most  northerly  province  of  the  Netherlands.    Frieset ; 

Frie'sicf. 
friez(ep,  1  friz;  2  frez,  vt.  [friez(e)dp;  fkiez'ing.1  To  produce 

a  nap  on,  as  cloth;  frizz;  curl. 
friez(e1P,  re.     Arch.    The  middle  division  of  an  entabla- 
ture.   [  <  F.  frise,  f raise,  a  ruff.] 
frieze2,  re.    A  coarse  woolen  cloth  with  shaggy  nap.     [  < 

OF.  frize,  perhaps  <  Friesland.] 
frig 'ate,  1  frig'it;  2  frlg'at,  n     An  old=style  war=vessel  of 

moderate   size.     [  <  F.  fregater, 

<  It.  fregata. ]— frig'ate^bird", 

re.    A  large  raptorial  aquatic  bird, 

with  very  long  wings  and  tail.         /J^F*- 
Frig'ga,    1  frig'a;    2  frig'a,  re.     X/7  /   f 

Norse  Myth.  The  goddess        //\*ijL:j& 

of  marriage,  from  whom 

Friday    is    named; 

wife  of  Odin:  often 

confused  with  Freya 

Friggt. 
fright,  1  frait;  2  frit 

Id.  vt.      [Poet.] 

To  fill  with  fear. 

II.  re.     1.  Sud- 
den and  violent    T. 

alarm   or   fear     United  States  Frigate    Constitution. 

2.  Anything  ugly,  ridiculous,  or  shocking.  [  <  AS.  fyrhlu.] 
Syn.:  affright,  dismay,  dread,  fear,  horror,  panic,  terror. 
Affright,  fright,  and  terror  are  always  sudden,  and  in  actual 
presence  of  that  which  is  terrible;  fear  may  be  controlled  by 
force  of  will ;  fright  and  terror  overwhelm  the  will ;  terror  para- 
lyzes; fright  may  cause  wild  or  desperate  action.  Fright  is 
largely  a  matter  of  the  nerves;  fear  of  the  intellect  and  the 
imagination;  terror  of  all  the  faculties,  bodily  and  mental. 
Panic  is  a  sudden  fear  or  fright,  affecting  numbers  at  once; 
vast  armies  or  crowded  audiences  are  liable  to  panic  upon 
slight  occasion.  In  a  like  sense  we  speak  of  a  financial  panic. 
Compare  alarm;  fear. 

— fright'en,  vt.  To  alarm  suddenly;  scare. 
Syn.:  affright,  alarm,  appal,  browbeat,  cow,  daunt,  dis- 
may, intimidate,  scare,  terrify.  One  is  frightened  by  a  cause 
of  fear  addressed  directly  and  suddenly  to  the  senses;  he  is 
intimidated  by  an  apprehension  of  contingent  consequences 
dependent  on  some  act  of  his  own  to  be  done  or  forborne;  the 
means  of  intimidation  may  act  through  the  senses,  or  may 
appeal  only  to  the  intellect  or  the  sensibilities.  The  sudden 
rush  of  an  armed  madman  may  frighten;  the  quiet  leveling 
of  a  highwayman's  pistol  intimidates.  A  savage  beast  is  in- 
timidated by  the  keeper's  whip.  Employers  may  intimidate 
their  employees  from  voting  contrary  to  their  will  by  threat 
of  discharge;  a  mother  may  be  intimidated  through  fear  for 
her  child.  To  browbeat  or  cow  Is  to  bring  into  a  state  of  sub- 
missive fear;  to  daunt  is  to  give  pause  or  check  to  a  violent, 
i  hreatenlng,  or  even  a  brave  spirit.  To  scare  is  to  cause  sud- 
den, unnerving  fear;  to  terrify  is  to  awaken  fear  that  is  over- 
whelming. To  appal  (literally  to  make  pale)  is  to  overcome 
momentarily  by  some  staggering  or  chilling  fear  or  shocked 
repugnance;  to  dismay  (literally  to  deprive  of  power)  is  to 
cause  a  sinking  fear,  make  faint  with  dread  or  terror.  Com- 
pare ALARM ;  FRIGHT. 

— fright'en-cr,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  frightens.— 
frlglit'fui,  a.     Apt  to  induce  terror;  shocking. 

Syn.:  alarming,  appalling,  awful,  direful,  dreadful,  fear- 
ful, hideous,  horrible,  horrid,  portentous,  shocking,  terrible, 
terrific,  terrifying.  See  awful.  — Ant.:  alluring,  attractive, 
beautiful,  cheering,  encouraging,  fair,  lovely,  pleasing,  re- 
assuring, sweet,  winning,  winsome. 

— frlght'ful-ly,  adv.  —  frlghtTul-ncss,  n. 

frig 'id,  1  frij'id;  2  frlg'id,  a.  Of  low  temperature;  cold; 
formal  and  forbidding.  [  <  L.  frigidus,  <  frigeo,  be 
cold.)  -ly,  ado.  -ness,  n.— frl-gid '1-ty,  n.  Coldness;  for- 
mality.—frlg"o-rlf'ic,  a.     Producing  cold.     -I-calt. 

fri"go\  1  frfgO';  2  fri'gO',  n.  [Fr.)  Frozen  meat:  soldiers'  slang. 

frt'Jole,  1  frl'hol  or  frl-hol';  2  fri'hol  or  frl-hOT,  n.  A  bean  or 
bean-like  seed  used  as  food  by  Ilispano»Amerlcan  peoples. 
fri'Jolt. 

friKI"',  1  fril;2  frll.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  into  a  frill;  put 
frills  on;  become  frilled.  II.  n.  An  ornamental  band; 
a  flounce;  ruffle. — frlll'ing,  n.  Gathered  trimming  in 
general;  ruffles;  frills.  [shiver,  <  I,,  frigidus.  FRIGID.] 

frIKI-',  n.    A  shivering  with  cold,  ashy  a  bird.    [<  OV.fllller, 

fringe,  1  frinj;  2  frlng.  I.  vt.  [fringed;  frinq'ing.]  To 
border  with  or  aa  with  a  fringe.  II.  re.  A  border  or 
trimming,  as  of  pendent  cords;  an  edging;  border,  [  < 
L.r  fimbria),  fringe. | — frlngc'=trce",  n.  A  small  tree  of  the 
olive  family  of  the  eastern  United  States.  —  frlng'y,  o. 

frln'gent,  1  frln'Jent;  2  frln'gent,  a.    Appearing  like  a  fringe. 

frip'per-y,  1  frip'er-i;  2  frlp'gr-y.    I.  a.    Worthless.    II. 


n.  [-iesz,  pi]  Worthless  things;  trumpery;  casb=off 
clothes;     [<  OF.  fripper,  wear  to  rags.] — frip'per,  n. 

fri"seur',  1  fri"zur';  2  frTgur',  n.  A  hairdresser.  [F.,  < 
friser,  frizz.] 

Fris'ian,  a.  &  re.    Same  as  Friesian. 

frisk,  1  frisk;  2  frisk.  I',  vi.  To  leap  about  playfully; 
frolic.  II.  n.  A  playful  skipping  about.  [<  OHG.F 
frise,  fresh.]  Syn.:  caper,  dance,  frolic,  gambol,  play,  sport. 
See  leap.  —  Ant.:  droop,  mope,  muse,  repose,  rest.— 
frisk'er,  re— frisk'y,  a.  Lively  or  playful.  Syn.:  see 
restive.  — frisk '1-ly,  adv.— frisk 'i-ness,  n. 

fris'ket,  1  fris'ket;  2  fris'ket,  re.  Print.  In  a  platen=press,  a 
light  frame  to  hold  in  place  the  sheet  to  be  printed.  [<  F. 
frisquetlc,  dim.  of  frisgue;  see  frisk,  n.\ 

frit,  1  frit;  2  frit.  I.  vt.  [frit'ted"1;  frit'ting.]  To  decom- 
pose and  partly  melt.  II.  n.  1.  An  imperfectly  vitrified 
mass,  formed  in  making  glass.  2.  The  material  from  which 
soft  fictile  wares  are  made.  [  <  F.  fritte,  <  It.  fritta,  <  L. 
frigo,  roast.] 

frith,  1  frith ;  2  frith,  n.    [Scot.]    Same  as  firth. 

rrit'il-la-ry,  1  frit'i-le-n;  2  frit'i-la-ry,  n.  [-ries,  1  -nz;  2  -rig, 
pi.]  Bot.  An  arctic  or  north=temperate  bulbous  plant  of  the 
lily  family,  with  erect  leafy  stems  and  large  nodding  bell* 
shaped  flowers. 

frit'ter,  1  frit'ar;  2  frit'er.  I.  vt.  1.  To  waste  little  by 
little:  with  away.    2.  To  break  into  small  pieces.    II.  n. 

I.  A  small  fried  cake,  often  containing  fruit  or  pieces  of 
meat.    2.  A  shred.    [  <  L.OF  J 'rictus,  pp.  of  frigo,  fry.] 

friv'o-lous,  1  friv'o-lus;  2  friv'o-lus,  a.  Void  of  purpose; 
trivial;  trifling;  silly.  [<  L.  frivolus,  silly.]  -ly,  adv. 
-ness,  n.— fri-vol'l-ty,  re.  [-ties*,  pi.]  The  quality  or  con- 
dition of  being  frivolous;  a  frivolous  act  or  practise.  Syn.: 
see  levity. 

friz(zp,  1  friz;  2  friz.  I.  vt.  [frizzed,  frizd3;  frizz'ing.] 
To  cause  to  curl;  crimp.  II.  n.  That  which  is  frizzed, 
as  hair.  [  <  OF.  friser.] — fri-zette',  re.  A  frizz  of  hair, 
worn  as  a  bang. 

friz'zle, )  1  friz'l;  2  friz'l.    I.  vt.  &  vi.    [friz'zl(e)d;  friz'- 

friz'P,  )  zling.]  To  cause  to  crinkle  or  curl  up  or  be- 
come crisp.  II.  re.  1.  Frizzed  or  curled  hair.  2.  The 
state  of  being  frizzed.  [Freq.  of  frizz.] — friz'zier,  n. — 
friz'zly,  a.    Crinkled;  crisped,    friz'zyj. 

fro,  1  fro;  2  fro,  adv.  Away  from;  back.  [  <  Ice.  fra,  from.) 

Frob'ish-er,  1  freb'ish-ar;  2  frob'ish-er.  Sir  Martin  (1535?- 
1594).  An  English  navigator;  pioneer  explorer  of  region  N. 
of  Labrador.— F.  Bay,  a  bay  in  S.  E.  Baffin  Land,  discovered 
by  Frobisher,  1576,  formerly  called  F.  Strait. 

frock,  1  frok;  2  frok,  vt.  To  furnish  with  or  put  on  a  frock; 
hence,  to  make  a  monk  or  other  ecclesiastic  of. 

frock,  n.  1.  A  woman's  or  child's  outer  garment;  gown; 
dress.  2.  A  monk's  long  loose=sleeved  robe.  3.  A  loose 
outer  garment  worn  by  laborers,  butchers,  etc.  4.  [Eng.j 
Mil.  An  undress  regimental  coat.  [  <  L.LL+I''  floccus, 
lock  of  wool.] — frock  coat,  a  coat  for  men's  wear,  usually 
doublc»breasted,  having  skirts  extending 
round  the  person.  WSt^^L      '■* 

Froe'bel,  1  fru'bel;  2  fru'bel,  Fricdrich  W.  ' 
A.   (1782-1852).       A    German    educator; 
founder  of  the  kindergarten  system. 

frog1,  1  frog;  2  frog,  n.  A  small, 
tailless,  amphibious,  web«footcd 
animal.    [<  AS.  frogga,  frocga.] 

frog2,  n.  1.  The  triangular  prom- 
inence in  the  sole  of  a  horse's 
foot.  2.  A  joint  of  rails  of  a  rail- 
way=track.     [Perhaps   corr.    of 

FORK.) 

frog1,  n.    1.  An  ornamental  fast- 
ening of  a  cloak  or  a  coat.     2. 
The  loop  of   a   scabbard.      [  <  Development  of  the  t Tog 
Pg.  froco,   <  L.  floccus,  lock  of     «•    «:»:    '■■  '•■  vfaMc  ■■■■ • 

V/ool  ]  (<»dpolei)     in     vurUniB     stages    i'f 

Frols"sart',   1   frwa'sar';    2  frwii"-  Br"""';  "•  "•'""• 

sar',  Jean  (1333-1419).  A  French  poet  and  chronicler  of 
war  and  chivalry. 

frol'ic,  1  frol'ik;  2  frol'ic.    I.  vi.  [frol'icked*,  frol'ict8; 
frol'ick-ing.]    To  play  mirthful  pranks;  sport. 
Syn.:  see  frisk. 

II.  a.  Merry;  sportive.  III.  n.  A  scene  of  gaiet}  ; 
playful  act;  merriment;  sport.  [<  MI),  vro,  glad,  gay, 
+  -lick,  -LY'.] 

Syn.:  amusement,  caper,  carousal,  carouse,  entertainment, 
festivity,  fun.  gambol,  game,  gaiety,  lark,  merrymaking, 

prank,  spree,  sport:  also,  using  the  word  time,  a  gay,  lively, 

merry,  etc.,  time,   See  /utosement;  entertainment;  sport. 

— frol'lck-er,  n.  frol'le-sonie,  n.  full  of  fi'ollr;  play- 
ful. Syn.:  see  aiuy;  ubbbt. — frol'lc-soine-ly,  adv. — 
frol'lo-some-iiess,  re. 

from,  1  from;  2  from,  prep.  1.  Out,  of;  starting  at;  begin- 
ning with;  after.     2.  In  variant  or  adverse  relation  to; 


fr\>ml 

lull 


% 


.» 


I  i  rtr;    full.  rule;    hilt,  liflrn; 

ii       i  i         ,  <>.  not,  01.  won, 


834 


<prl  rutins 


tr  mil 


I 
II 


fr.ni- 
I 


fr..- 
fr..- 


!,..„  phyl  l  —  'l> 

I  I 

1 1. 

■  I   from   the 

I.  Manm  r 

i.  nt. TV 

;. 

'i.  ■  ion  directly 

1    .    ■     I 

'   of  front 
■  or  tn  the  forehead. 
.  it  I  he  front  or 
I.  \  able  hanging 

lr '.  il. 

i  Mum  ,.f  •  •»       \  i  rench  admlnistra- 

i>-t."r'  or  fron'tfir. 
II.  1 .    i 

:  i  i\  dilation     2  • 
head  ) 
frim-ili  r-iii.in.    •  mi  \.   pi .] 

:  the  borders  of 

( ri.n- 1 1,  r   in. in    . 

",  n      1.   \n 
'.'.        ca.   An  orna- 
t.    |  <  !  .  iew.] 

I.  Without  a  front,    "i   . 

I  'rorcn.  pp.  of 

fr.i  r.n-  :  frurii".     II*.       ■       1 

1.  i  men;  I  S.     overed 

1 .         1 . 

II. 
■ 
rmed  directly  from 
'.'■  I  '  her.    3.  The 

porous  Bub- 


II  -•.  :,., 


of  having  some  part  of  the 
r.  blti 

1  with   frost  or 

:t. 
n   h    .  I. 

'.  as  a 
f 
■  k  as  an 

•K 

rroul    ■  i'i-kk: 

1  '..  Affei  ted  by  frost. 

n  warr  Iddlng.     4.  Itesem- 

fro-t  '1-ni 

•  ■  :''/am; 

"I  ilting 

;. 
-'    Ice    frodha.]— 
■  full  of  froth; 
froth  1-1)  .  froth  'l-ncss,  n. 

i  mi.  -    tuil :  .     An 

-ian. 


Ir.ni     Inm".   I   fin'-fiii'     •'  fiu'-fni".  «.     [P.]     A  rtistllii«  us  Of 

•.UK ;  the  -»  lsh  of  :i  woman 
t  run  in  i    .  i  fmurj     :•  frounOi  i     [•Bor/NCBO1;  rnouNC'rNO.] 
i        i    i  with  trimming,  aa  a  dress.    I.  To  crimp, 

t.  ro  wrinkle;  plait.    II.  i    To  contract  the  brow; 

trow  ii  i  i        •  •  ■  i.  forehead  1 

i  n  in  in  ■-.  -.      I.   \  disease  ol  hawks,  In  which  froth  gathers 
I,  \  d    i  hi  u in.ii  warty  plm- 

tppear  on  the  palate     -it.  \  flounce;  wrinkle,    |-    P. 

•  •     I  in  il    M    I    ,  f.] 

■ 

Irow,   1    fro  at  friiu;  g  fro  «  flow.  n.     [Colloq  1      \    DutOh  or 

in  dame;  a  married  \* an.    I  •    mi  >  frotuoe,  w \a, 

rro'ward.  1  fro' ward;  2  frfl'ward,  ".  Disobedient;  Ln- 
trac table;  perverse,     |<  AS.  from,    >    -tceard,  -wabo.] 

-I\  .  -Ill-s,   II. 

frow  ii,  1  f rutin ;  2  frown,  r.  1. 1.  To  rebuke  with  manifest 
displeasure:  commonly  with  down.  II.  i.  1.  To  knil 
the  lirnw.  as  in  displeasure;  scowl,  2.  To  manifest  dis- 
favor: with  upon.  8.  To  wear  a  threatening  aspect; 
lower,  as  the  sky.    j<  OF,  frogner,  ong.] — 

fnntn'iT,  n.     frown  InK-ly, '/i/r.  [abstraction. 

rrown,  n,    A  wrinkling  oi  tin- 1  now.  aa  in  dislike,  anger,  or 

fro\\7>,  l  Frau'n;  2  frow'sy,  a,  [fbow'm-ee;  phow'zi- 
bbi  1  Slovenly  in  appearance;  unkempt;  untidy.  [Cp. 
E.  t\u\\.f  roust,  musty  smell.]   frou'z>:. 

frose,  l  froz.  2  froz.  Imp.,  fro'ien,  n  .  r. 

fro'zen,  1  fro'sn;  2  fro'm,  pa.  Solidified,  benumbed,  or 
killed  l>y  cold;  overspread  with  ice. 

f.  It.  s..  tihiir.  [i..]  FraternUatti  Regis)  Soctus  (Fellow  ol  Che 
Royal  Society). — frs.,  abor.    Frai 

frucl-,      /  1  frukt-.  fruk'ti-.  fruk'tu-:  2  fruct-,  frue'tl-,  true'- 

fruc'ti-.   •  tu-.    From L.  fructus,  fruit  (<  fruor,  enjoj   ;  com- 

frm-'tii-, v  blnlng  forms  friie-les'cenee,  n.  The  bearing  or 
ripening  ol  fruit,  fruc-tlc'u-losc,  a,  ■»  leldlng  trull  abun- 
dantly. -frue-tlf'er-ous,a.— frue'll-form,!!.  Shaped  like 
a  fruit ;  fruit-like  in  appearance. 

friic'tl-fy,  1  fruk'ti-foi;  2  frfic'ti-fv,  v.  [-fiep;  -FY*ING  ] 
1. 1.  To  render  fruitful.  II.  i.  To  yield  fruit.  [  <  L. 
fructus,  fruit,  4-  facto,  make.]  — fruc"tl-h-ca'tlon,  n.  1. 
[•he  act  of  fructifying.    2.  The  fruit  of  a  plant. 

fni'gal,  1  fru'gal;  2  fry'gal,  a.    1.  Exercising  economy; 

Baving;    sparing.      2.    Marked    by    economy;    moacor; 

d.      [F.,  <    L.   frugalls,    <  frux.   fruit.]      Syn.:   see 

PBTJDENT. — fni-gal'l-ty,  n.     [-ties^,  pi.]     Strict  economy; 

tlirift.     fru'gal-ness;. 

Syn.:  economy,  miserliness,  parslmonlousness,  parsimony, 
providence,    prudence,   saving,   scrimping,   sparing,    thrift. 
v  Is  a  wise  and  careful  administration  ol  the  means 
at  one's  disposal;  frugality  is  a  withholding  ol  expenditure, 
//'/  ol  supplies  or  provision,  to  a  not  in-able  and  often 
to  a  painful  degree;  parsimony  is  excessive  and  unreasonable 
.  for  the  sake  of  saving.    Frugality  exalted  into  a  virtue 
■    practised  for  Its  own  sake.  Instead  of  as  a  means  to  an 
end.  I M  Tomes  the  vice  Of  parsimony.     MUerline&l   Is  the  deny- 
ing oneself  and  others  the  ordinary  comforts  or  even  neces- 
saries of  life,  for  the  mere  sake  of  hoarding  money.  Prudi  nee 
and  providenu   look  far  ahead,  and  sacrifice  the  present   to 
the  future,  saving  as  much  as  may  be  necessary  for  that  end. 
(See  PRUDENCE.)      Thrift  seeks  not  merely  to  save,  but  to 
Economy  manages,  frugality  saves,  providence  plans, 
thrift  at  once  earns  and  saves,  with  a  view  to  w  hoiesome  and 
profitable  expenditure  at  a  lit  ting  time.    See  ABSTINENCE. — 
Ant.:  abundance,  bounty,  extravagance,  liberality,  luxury, 
opulence,  riches,  waste,  wealth. 
-  fru'gal-ly,  adv. 

fru-Rif  'er-ous  j,  1  fru-jif'ar-os;  2  fru-glf'cr-iis,  a.  Fruit- 
ful.   [<  L.  frux,  fruit,  +  fero,  bear.] 

fru-civ'o-rous,  1  fru-jiv'o-rus;  2  fru-glv'o-rus,  a.  Fruit* 
eating.    [<  L.frux  (frug-),  fruit,  +  voro, devour.] 

fruit,  1  frut;  2  frut.  Id.  vt.  &  vi.  To  produce  as  fruit; 
bear  fruit.  II.  n.  1.  The  matured  seed" vessel  of  a  flow- 
ering plant,  with  its  contents  and  immediate  accessories, 
especially  when  edible;  any  vegetable  product  u»  'I  as 
food ;  spores  and  spore«cases.  2.  That  which  is  produced ; 
offspring;  product;  result;  effect.  [F.,  <  L.  fructus,  < 
fructus  or  fruitus.  pp.  of  fruor.  enjoy.] 

Syn.:  vegetable.  In  botany,  a  fruit  of  a  flowering  plant  Is 
the  matured  seed'vessel  and  Its  contents,  together  with  such 
accessory  parts  as  become  finally  Incorporated  with  them. 
Thus,  In  the  botanical  sense,  not  only  apples,  pears,  peaches, 
tomatoes,  figs,  etc.,  but  all  birrics,  nuts,  grains,  beans,  peas, 
pumpkins,  squashes,  cucumbers,  and  melons,  as  well  as  pine* 
cones,  the  samaras  or  winged  seeds  of  the  maple,  ash.  or  elm, 
and  many  other  products,  are  fruits.  Popular  usage  has, 
however,  become  much  narrower.  The  grains  nave  been 
dropped,  and  the  tendency  Is  to  drop  nuts  also,  so  that  a 
fruit  Is  now  generally  understood  to  be  the  fleshy  and  juicy 
product  of  some  plant,  usually  tree  or  shrub  (and  nearly 
always  containing  the  seed),  which,  when  ripe,  is  edible 
without  cooking,  and  adapted  for  use  as  a  dessert  rather 


1: a  =  final;    I==hablt|    aisle:    aU  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  feud;    <<hin;    go;    fj  =  Bing;    fhin,   this. 
335  £:wQlf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


frond 
full 


than  as  a  salad.  The  quince,  however,  tho  usually 
cooked  before  eating,  is  classed  among  fruits,  and  we  some- 
times speak  of  poisonous  fruits,  as  the  berries  of  the  night- 
shade. A  vegetable,  in  the  popular  sense,  is  any  part  of  a 
herbaceous  plant  commonly  used  for  culinary  purposes,  and 
may  consist  of  the  root,  as  in  the  beet  and  turnip;  the  stem, 
as  in  the  asparagus,  celery,  and  rhubarb  (or  pieplant);  a 
tuber,  or  underground  stem,  as  in  the  potato;  the  foliage,  as 
in  cabbage  and  spinach,  or  of  that  which  is  botanically  the 
fruit,  as  in  the  tomato,  bean,  pea,  and  eggplant.  Thus  the 
tomato  is  botanically  a  fruit,  tho  for  table  use  and  in  the 
garden  and  market  it  ranks  as  a  vegetable.  "The  fruits  of  cer- 
tain low-growing  perennial  plants  are  specifically  termed  by 
horticulturists  'small  fruits,'  including  the  strawberry,  rasp- 
berry, blackberry,  gooseberry,  currant,  huckleberry,  and 
cranberry.  The  term  includes  grapes,  but  excludes  cherries." 
Crozier  Diet,  of  Bot.  Terms.  Syn.:  see  harvest;  product. 

— fruit'age,  n.  1.  Fruit  collectively.  2.  Any  result 
or  effect. — frult'er,  n.  A  vessel  that  carries  fruit. — fruit'- 
er-er,  n.  A  dealer  in  fruits.  —  fruit 'er-ess,  n.  fern. — frult'- 
er-y§,  n.  [-iesz,  pi.]  1.  Fruits  collectively.  2.  A  place  for 
the  growing  or  storage  of  fruit. — fruit 'fill,  a.  Bearing  fruit 
or  offspring  abundantly,  proline;  productive.  Syn.:  see 
fertile.  —  frult'ful-ly,  adv.  —  fruit'ful-ness.rc.—  frult'- 
ing,  a.  Producing  fruit. — fruit'less,  a.  Yielding  no  fruit  or 
good  result;  barren.  Syn.:  see  useless;  vain. — frult'less-ly, 
adr. — fruit'less-ness,  n. — fruit'=tree",  n.  A  tree,  partic- 
ularly a  cultivated  tree,  producing  an  edible,  succulent 
fruit. — frult'y,  a.  Like  fruit  in  taste,  color,  etc. 
fru-i'tion,  1  frii-isVan;  2  fru-ish'on,  n.  The  bearing  of 
fruit;  the  yielding  of  natural  or  expected  results;  realiza- 
tion; fulfilment.  [OF.,  <  h.fruitus,  pp.  oifruor,  enjoy.] 
fru"men-ta'ceous,  1  fru"men-te'Shus;  2  fru"men-ta'shus,  a. 
Belonging  to  the  cereals;  resembling  or  made  of  cereal  grain. 
fru'men-ty,  1  fru'men-ti;  2  fni'men-ty,  n.    A  seasoned  dish 

of  hulled  wheat  boiled  in  milk.    [<  L.  frumentum,  grain.] 
frump,  1  frump;  2  frump,  n.     A  dowdily  dressed  woman, 
especially  if  ill-tempered. — frump 'er-y,  a.    Old-fashioned 
and  ill-tempered. — frump'ish,  a.    1.  Ill-tempered;  morose. 
2.  Old-fashioned  in  dress,    frump'yf. 
fruntt,  n.    Same  as  front. 
frusht,  v.    I.  t.    1.  To  batter  to  pieces;  crush;  shatter.    2. 

To  strike  down.    II.  i.    To  rush  forward;  dash. 
frus'trate,  1  frus'tret;  2  frfis'trat.     I.  vt.     [frus'trat- 
EDd;   frus'trat-ing.]     To   cause   to   fail;   baffle;   foil; 
nullify.    Syn.:  see  baffle;  hinder;  mislead. 
II.  a.    1.  Without  effect;  vain;  null;  void.    2.  Frus- 
trated; baffled.    [  <  L.  frustratus,  <  frustra,  in  vain.] — 
frus-tra'tion,  n.    Failure;  defeat. 
frus'tule,  1  frus'tfhul  or  -tiul;  2  frus'chul  or  -till,  n.  Bot.  The 
siliceous  shell  of  a  diatom.    [  <  LL.  fruslulum,  dim.  of  L. 
frustum,  bit.] 
frus'tum,  1  frus'tum;  2  frus'tum,  n.    [-tumsz  or  -ta,  pi.] 
That  which  is  left  of  a  solid  after  cutting  off  the  upper 
part  by  a  plane  parallel  to  the  base;  a  ^ 

fragment;  a  broken  shaft  of  a  column.  //  \\ 

[L.] 
fru-tes'cent,  1  fru-tes'ent;  2  fru-tes'ent,  a. 
Bot.  Being  or  becoming  woody  or  shrub- 
like.   [  <  L.  frulex,  shrub.] 
fru'tl-cose,  1  fru'ti-kos;  2  fru'ti-cos,  a.   Per-    frustum  of  a 

taining  to  shrubs.  Pyramid. 

fru'ti-fyt,  vi.    To  notify:  a  blunder  put  into  the  mouth  of  a 
servant  of  Shylock.    Shakespeare  Mer.  Venice  act  ii,  sc.  2. 
fry,  1  frai;  2  fry,  v.    [fried;  fry'ing.]    I.  t.    1.  To  cook  in 
hot  oil,  lard,  or  butter.    2.  To  vex;  worry.    II.  i.    To  be 
cooked  in  or  with  lard,  etc.;  be  subjected  to  great  heat. 
[<  F.frlre,  <  L.  frigo,  fry.]  — fry 'ing=pan",  n.    A  shallow 
metal  pan,  with  a  long  handle,  for  frying  food. 
fry1,  n.     [fries2,  pi.]    A  dish  of  anything  fried. 
fry2,  n.  sing.  &  pi.    1.  Very  young  fish.    2.  A  multitude  or 
quantity  of  petty  persons  or  objects.     3t»  Offspring. 
[<  Ice.  frx,  frjo.] 
F.  S.  A.,  abbr.    Fellow  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries;  Fellow  of 
the  Society  of  Arts. — Ft.,  abbr.     Fort. — ft.,  abbr.     Feet, 
flat,  foot,  fortified. — fth.,  fl  Inn.,  abbr.    Fathom. 
fu\  1  fQ;  2  fu,  a.  [Scot.]  Full;  intoxicated. 
fubt,  vt.    To  put  upon;  deceive;  also,  to  acquire;  filch. 
Fu"chau',  n.    Same  as  FOOCHOW, 

fuch'sia,  1  fiij'sTia;  2  fu'sha,  n.  A  plant  of  the  evening- 
primrose  family,  witli  red,  pink,  white,  or  purple  droop- 
ing, four-petalod  flowers.  [<  L.  Fuchs,  German  bot- 
anist.] 
(u'COld,  1  fiu'kold;  2  ffl'cold.  I.  a.  Bot.  1.  Resembling  or 
belonging  to  rockweeds.  2.  Containing  (UCOlda  or  Impres- 
sions of  them,  fu-rol'dalf;  fu'eousf.  II.  n.  But.  1.  A 
large,  coarse,  olive-brown  seaweed.  2.  A  plant,  either  living 
or  fossil,  that  resembles  a  seaweed.  [<  Fuous  +  -oid.] 
Fu'cus,  1  fifi'kus;  2  ftt'eUB,  n.  1.  Bot.  (I)  A  genus  of  large 
olive-brown  seaweeds,  known  as  rockweeds.  (2)  [f-]  [ku'ci, 
pi.)  A  seaweed  of  this  genus.  2.  [f-]  A  paint  or  dye;  hence, 
sham;  pretense.    [L.]     fukef. 


Fuchsia  gracilis. 


fud'dle, )  1  fud'l;  2  fud'l,  vt.  &  vi.    (fud'dled,  fud'ldp; 

fud'Ip,  J  fud'dling.]  To  intoxicate  or  become  intoxi- 
cated. 

fudge,  1  fuj;  2  fudg,  n.  1.  Humbug;  nonsense:  commonly 
used  as  a  contemptuous  interjection.  2.  A  sweet  con- 
fection made  of  butter,  sugar, 
chocolate,  etc.  [  <  LG.  futsch, 
begone.] 

fu'el,  1  fiu'el;  2  fu'el,  n.  Combusti- 
ble matter,  as  wood  or  coal,  used 
to  feed  a  fire;  whatever  feeds  or 
sustains  any  expenditure,  outlay, 
passion,  or  excitement.  [  <  L.I'I'+°P 
focus,  fireplace.] 

fu-ga'cious,  1  fiu-ge'sbus;  2  fu-ga'- 
shus,  a.  Having  a  fugitive  ten- 
dency; transitory;  volatile.  [<L. 
fugax  ifugac-),  <  fugio,  flee.]  fu'- 
ga-tlv(e8j.  —  fu-gac'i-ty,  n.  fu- 
ga'clous-nessf. 

fu'gi-tiv(es,  1  fiu'ji-tiv;  2  fu'gi-tiv. 

1.  a.  Fleeing,  as  from  pursuit; 
escaping  or  escaped;  runaway; 
evanescent;  momentary.  II.  n. 
One  who  or  that  which  flees;  a 
runaway;  deserter.     [<F.fugitif, 

<  L.  fugitivus.  <  fugio,  flee.]  Syn.: 
see  transient.  —  fu'g1-tlv(e-ly8, 
adv.— fu'gl-tlv(e-ness8,  n. 

fu'gle-man,  1  fiu'gl-man;  2  fu'gl- 
man,  n.  [-men,  pi.]  1.  A  soldier 
who  stands  in  front  of  a  line  or  body 
of  men  and  leads  them  in  military  exercises;  a  file*leader. 

2.  One  who  leads  or  sets  an  example  In  anything.  [Prop. 
flugelman,  <  G^fliigelmann,  <  fliigel,  wing,  +  mann,  man.] 

fugue,  1  fiug;  2  fug,  n.  Mus.  A  composition  In  which  an  orig- 
inal theme  is  repeated  and  Imitated  throughout.     [F.] 

Fu'jl,  1  fu'jl;  2  fu'JI,  n.  An  extinct  volcano  on  Honshu  Island. 
Japan;  height,  12,365  ft.     Fu"jl-san'f;  Fu"jl-ya'maf . 

-ful,  suffix.  1.  Full  of;  abounding  in;  containing;  as,  artful; 
beauti/uZ.  2.  The  quantity  or  number  that  will  fill;  as,  a 
cupful;  spoonful.  Nouns  having  this  suffix  form  the  plural 
by  a  terminal  s,"  as,  cupfuls,  pail/«Js.    [<  AS.  ful,  full.] 

ful'crum,  1  ful'krum;  2  ful'crum,  n.  [ful'crums2  or 
ful'cra,  pi.]  The  support  on  or  against  which  a  lever 
rests.     [L.,  bed-post,    <  fulcio,  prop  up.] 

fule,  1  ful;  2  ful,  n.  [Scot.]  A  fool:  often  used  adjectively. 

ful-fil',   )  1  ful-fil';  2  ful-fil',  vt.    [ful-filled',  ful-fild'8; 

fill-fill ',  )  ful-fil'ling.]  1.  To  bring  to  pass;  make  good; 
accomplish;  perform  fully,  as  a  promise,  duty,  or  proph- 
ecy. 2.  To  fill  the  time,  course,  requirements,  etc.,  of, 
as  a  term  of  office.  [<  AS.  ful,  full,  +  fyllan.] 
Syn.:  see  effect;  keep. 

— ful-fil'ler,  n—  ful-fil 'ment,  ful-fill'ment,  n. 

ful 'gent,  1  ful'jent;  2  ful'gent,  a.  Beaming  or  shining  bright- 
ly; radiant;  gleaming;  effulgent;  resplendent.  [<  L.  ful- 
gen't-)s,  ppr.  of  fulgeo,  gleam.] — ful'gen-cy,  n. 

ful'gorj,  1  ful'gar;  2  ful'gor,  n.     Dazzling  brightness. 

ful'gu-rite,  1  ful'glu-rait;  2  ful'gu-rit,  n.  A  vertical  tube 
with  fused  walls,  formed  in  sand  by  the  passage  of  lightning. 
[<  V..  f ulgur,  lightning.] 

ful  'hum,  1  ful'am;  2  ful'am,  n.    A  fullam. 

fu-llg'l-nous,  1  flu-lij'i-nus;  2  fu-lig'i-nus,  a.  I.  Like  soot 
or  smoke;  also,  sooty-brown.     2.  Dark,  as  If  shrouded  in 

'  smoke.  [<  LL.  fuliginosvs,  <  L.  fuligo,  soot;  cp.  fumus, 
smoke.]    -ly,  adv. 

full1, 1  1  ful;  2  ful,  vt.  &  vi.    To  make  or  become  full;  show 

ful1',  )  fulness.     [  <  AS.  fullian,  fill.] 

full2,  v.  I.  t.  To  make  (cloth)  thicker  and  more  com- 
pact, as  in  a  fulling-mill.  II.  i.  To  become  thicker  by 
shrinking,  as  woolen  cloth.    [  <  OF.  Soulier,  trample  on, 

<  L.  fullo,  fuller.] 

full,  a.     1.  Containing  or  having  all  that  can  or  all  that 

should  bi'  admitted;  having  i mpty  or  vacant  space; 

filled.  2.  Abounding  in  something.  3.  Perfectly  suffi- 
cient or  complete.  4.  Ample  in  extent  or  volume.  5. 
Having  the  disk  wholly  illuminated,  as  the  moon.  K. 
Filled  or  satisfied  with  food  or  drink;  hence,  intoxicated. 
7.  Filled  with  emotion  or  the  like.  8.  High,  as  the  tide. 
9.  Possessing  depth  or  volume:  said  of  sounds.  10.  Un- 
blended; pure:  saiil  of  color.  11.  Having  plenty  of  body: 
said  of  wines,  etc.  [<  AS.  ful.]  Syn.:  see  ample:  implicit. 
rull  and  by  (Naut.),  close  to  the  wind  but  with  t  lie  sails 
full:  said  of  a  ship.      full'=baek",  n.   Football.  The  position 

or  player  farthest    from  tl pponenl's  goaf.      f.   Iilooil,  ;i. 

A  person  or  animal  of  unmixed  breed,  f.  hlooded,  a.  1. 
Tlavliig  a  large  supply  of  blood;  plethoric.  2.  Of  pure  or  un- 
mixed blood;  thoroughbred.  f.=l>li>wn',  a.  1.  Fully  ex- 
panded or  blossomed  out.  'J.  Fully  matured,  perfected,  or 
attired.  — f.«blown2,  a.  Killed  with  wind. -  f.  dress,  the 
costume  required  to  be  worn  at  court  receptions  or  at  formal 


full 
liilurr 


I 
<  illunii 


I 
I     \  machine 

'  lllc.l 

go  i"  trel 


ful    I II  l-  III  1 1 

I  l 


.-    ^:—l  fin 

til       -M|||.     . 


'.'.    I         )ume  sud- 

:.l  Mt  tho  close 

PP     of 

Culminating  compound    or 

exploding  when 

mi-ii.i  ii.m.  fulminating,  or 

lul  inl-ii.i-lci'rj ,  a. 

:.  thai  explodes 

'  lining  such  a 

•■ 
..r  to  thunder,    'i.  To 
ily,  <>r  threaten- 
II.  speak  in  a 

I  <    F.  full 

llll-lllhl  'll  .  |  -,       Kelat- 

llllllllllir  acid,  an  un- 
:.  bases  to  form  explo- 

im  excess 

I  <  mi;.  / 

-i..        -in--. 

Robert  AnAmer- 

i     l  803;  operated 

D«yeUow;  tawny. 

(Ol     M.I      . 

A  small  bole  from 

I.I.  fu- 

i       tmus,  smoke  1 

[i  i  m'blI  i.  idp; 

nit  blindly  or  clum- 

f ii ii >   lib  r. 

••  ]     I.  /.     To 

'.'.  i 

or  chok- 

;i. 

film  'i-l> , 

'         '-'.  >.  ["(.I)1; 

f<  r  disin- 
fu"mi- 
f  ii ' in i-w  i - 1  •  «-r>  ,  n 

Ol  rose- 
fu   in  - 

■  rriment; 
rig  1 

i:t:  wit. 

I.    funan 
fii-nam  'l)ii-U-ti»-rj,   n 

haT,  n.    A  seaport;  capital  of 


■  •     or;  full.  rule;  bDt,  born; 
i     i     .1-6;  I  ~  •;  g0,  nAt,  Or,  wAn,       BM 

I  iiiii    (Ion.   I  foi  I .    \ 

i  iting  thai  i  n  agent 

i ui  \ .  part,  "i' 
i.  i  h<  proper  employment  ol  faculties  oi  powei  • 
I .  rhe  normal  action  ol  any  '" 

■"•.    \   public  "i   official  ocre ny  or  formal 

tainmenl      •>.    Math     \  quantity    whose  value  is 
dcpcndenl  on  tin-  value  ol  some  other  quantity     I1  'I   , 

I  i    .  .hi.   I    8j  n  : 

linn   ii. in-. ii. ,:     Pertaining  to  a  function;  per- 
rormlng  the  functions,  a--  .,f  an  organ;  affectum  the  function  • 
ami  n.. i  the  substanoe  of  an  organ,      fiiuc'tlon-a-ry,  n. 
.    |    \  public  official. 
liiml.   1   fund;  2  fund.     1'.  vt      I.  'I'.,  convert   (various 
a  angle  fund  secured  by  -i...  i.    ..i  bonds 
'.'.    !■•  furnish  money  for;  finance  (on  enterprise).    8$, 
To  amass;  store.    II. /i.    I.  V  sum  of  money  or  stock  ol 
convertible  wealth,    2.  pi  Money  lenl  to  a  government; 
a  funded  debt     8,  K.  reserve  store;  an  ample  stock.    it- 
Bottom.     I      i     ' •".''.'.  •     L.  fundus,  bottom.]     syn.:  Bee 

BTOCX;   UON1Y.      flllld'a-lilie'-,  a. 

fun  'da-ment,  l  ftm'de-ment  "r  -ment;  2  ffin'da-ment, 
n  1.  A  fundamental  principle  or  element  2.  The 
pan  .,ii  which  tin-  body  rests  in  dtting;  the  buttoi  I 
also,  the  anus.  |<  L.fundamentum,  <  fundus,  bottom  ] 
fiiii'Ma-ini'ii'tal.  I.  a.  Relating  to  or  constituting  a 
foundation;  Indispensable;  basal.  II.  >i.  Anything  that  Is 
fundamental;  a  foundation;  a  necessary  truth;  an  essential. 

Syn.:  Bee  RADICAL.      fun'Ma-nicn'tal-l)  ,  mli . 

fun 'iliis.  i  fon'dus;  3  ran'dus,  n.  I.  The  bottom,  base,  back 
part,  or  depth  of  anything.  '1.  Anal.  The  rounded  base  or 
bottom  or  farther  end  or  pari  of  a  hollow  organ.    [I-.] 

Fun'dy,  1  fon'di;  2  fun'dy,  Bay  of.  a  bay  between  Nov: 
Son  a  ami  \.  \  Brunswick  where  tides  often  risr  70  ft. 

fu'iier-al,  1  fiu'nar-sl;  2  fd'ner-al.  La,  Pertaining  to  a 
funeral,  fu'ner-a-ryj.  II.  n.  The  ceremonies  attend- 
ing tin-  burial  of  tin'  (bail;  also,   the  gathering  or  Jin. 

ii  of  persons  on  such  occasion.     (  <   L.      funus, 
funeral.] 

f u-ne  're-al,  1  fiu-ni'n-ol;  2  fii-no're-al,  a.  Pertaining  to 
or  suitable  for  a  funeral;  mournful;  lugubrious,   -ly,  adv. 

fang-,    /  l  fuo-.  fun'Ji-;  2  fun-,  ran'gl-.  From  Latin  fungus, 

fun  VI-.  S  mushroom:  combining  forms.  —  fun-gii  'o-rous,  a. 
Feeding  upon  fungi,  as  many  insects.     [+  L.  voro,  devour.] 

fun'glls,  1  fuij'gus;  2  fun'giis,  n.  [i  cn'gi  or  BTJN'gi 
l'l  ]  A  cryptogamous  plant,  destitute  of  chlorophyll 
and  deriving  nourishment  wholly  or  chiefly  from  or- 
ganic compounds,  as  a  mushroom,  toadstool,  mold, 
and  mildew;  also,  a  soft,  spongy  growth  on  an  animal 
body.  [L.,  <  Gr.  sphongos,  sponge.] — fun 'gold,  a.  1. 
Resembling  a  mushroom  or  fungus.  2§.  Characterized 
by  fungous  growths. — fun-gos'i-ty,  n.  The  state  or 
quality  of  being  fungous;  a  fungous  growth;  proud 
flesh,  — fun'gous,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  of  the  nature  of  a 
fungus;  spongy;  springing  up  suddenly;  bearing  or  con- 
taining fungi. 

fu'ul-flc,  1  fiu'ni-kl;  2  fu'ni-cl,  n.  A  small  cord,  ligature, 
or  fiber.  [  <  L.  funiculus,  dim.  of  funis,  rope.] — fu- 
nle'u-lar,  a. 

fu-nlc'u-lus,  1  flu-nlk'yu-lus;  2  fu-nlc'yu-lus,  n.  [-u,  1  -lot; 
2  -II,  pi.]     A  small  cord,  rope,  or  the  like.     [L.] 

funk',  1  funk.  2  funk.  I'.  vt.  &  vt.  [Dial,  or  Slang.]  To  stifle 
with  or  emit  a  smell  or  smoke.  II.  n.  A  smell  or  smoke. 
(<  OF.  funkier,  smoke.] 

funk-.  1  funk;  2  funk.  I.  vt.  &  rl.  [Scot,  or  Slang.]  To  terrify; 
scare;  fe;ir;  flinch.    II.  B.    Cowardly  fright;  panic. 

tunk*.  [Scot.]    I.  vt.  &  vi.    To  kick.    II.  n.    A  kick. 

fun  'iiel,  1  fun'el;  2  fun'fl,  n.  1.  A  wide«mouthed  conical 
I.  terminating  in  a  tube, 
for  filling  close  vessels  with 
liquids;  tunnel.  2.  Asmoke* 
pipe.  3.  Any  funnel-like 
part  or  process.  [  <  h.°'  in, 
into,  -+-  fuit'ln,  pour  I 

fun'iiy,  1  fun'i;  2  fun'y,  a. 
[fttn'ni-eb;  fon'ni-est  j  I. 
A  ITo  rd  i  ug  fun;  comical; 
ludicrous.  2.  [C'olloq]  Puz- 
zling. Syn.:  amusing,  comical, 
diverting,  droll,  facetious,  far- 
cical, grotesque,  humorous, 
jocose,  jocular,  jolly,  jovial, 
laughable,    ludicrous,    merry. 

ful     Odd.    queer,   ridlcu-     ,    Bu„  funnel  wlth  oll        „       „ 
lous,  whimsical,  witty.     Com-  Bepntorj  funnel.    8.     Hot  miration 

pare  amuse. — Ant.:  see  syno- fumuL  4.  niter  funnel. 
nyms  for  sad. 

-  fun'nl-ly,  adv.— fun'ny=hone",  n.    The  part  of  the 
'us  where  the  ulnar  nerve  Is  exposed  at  the  elbow; 
crazy*  bone. 


Funnels. 


1: 3  =  final;    l  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;     10  =  feud;    diin;    go;    Q  =  sing;    fhin,   this. 
337        2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


full 
future 


fun'ny,  re.  [Eng.l  A  long,  light  rowboat. 

fur,  1  fur;  2  fur.     I.  vt.     [furred,  furd8;  fdr'ring.]    1. 

To  cover,  line,  or  trim  with  fur  or  with  a  fuzzy  coating. 

2.  To  nail  strips  upon  (joists,  etc.),  as  for  lathing.     3. 

To  remove  scale  from.     II1.  n.     1.  The  soft,  fine  coat 

covering  the  skin  of  many  mammals.     2.  pi.  or  collect. 

sing.    Skins  of  f upbearing  animals;  also,  apparel  made 

of  them.    3.  Any  fuzzy  covering.     [  <  LL.OF  fodrus,  < 

Goth,  fodr,  sheath.]  —  fur'ring,  n. 
fur:,  n.    [Scot.]    A  furrow,    furrj. 
fur.,  abbr.    Furlong. 
fur 'he-low,  1  ffjr'bi-lo;  2  fur'be-lo.     I.  vt.     To  ornament 

elaborately.     II.  n.     A  plaited  flounce  or  other  orna- 
ment.    [  <  F.  falbala,  furbelow.] 
fur'bish',  1  fnVbisn;  2  fftr'bish,  vt.    To  make  bright  by 

rubbing;  burnish;  renovate.   [  <  OHG .OF  farban,  fur-pan, 

clean.]     Syn.:  see  garnish. 
fur'cate,  1  fGr'ket;  2  fur'eat,  a.     Forked.     [<  L.  furca, 

fork.]    fur'cat-edt.— fur-ca'tion,  n. 
fur'cu-la,  1  fur'kiu-la;  2  fur'cu-la,  n.    \-hm.  1  -II;  2  -15,  pi.] 

The  united  clavicles  of  a  bird;  the  wish-bone,    fur'cu-lunit. 
fur 'fur,  1  fur'fur;  2  fur' fur,  n.     [fur'fur-es,  pi.]     Pathol. 

Dandruff,  or  bran=like  scales  of  skin;  scurf.    [L.] — fur"fur- 

a'ceous,  a.    Of  the  nature  of  or  made  of  bran  or  scurf. 
fu'ri-ous,  1  fiu'n-us;  2  fu'ri-us,  a.    1.  Full  of  fury ;  raging; 

frantic.     2.  Wildly  rushing;  violent;  tempestuous;  as 

waves,  a  storm,  etc.    3.  Insane.    [  <  L.  ftiriosus,  <  furo, 

rave.]     Syn.:  see  fierce.— fu'rl-ous-ly,  adv.— fu'ri-ous- 

ness,  n. 
furl,  1  furl;  2  furl,  vt.    To  roll  up  and  secure,  as  a  sail  to  a 

spar.    [  <  At.of  fardah,  package.] 
fur 'long,  1  fur'len;  2  fur'long,  n.    A  measure,  one=eighth 

of  a  mile.    [  <  AS.  furlang,  lit.  'length  of  a  furrow.'] 
fur 'lough, \  1  ffir'16;2  fur'lo.    I.  vt.    To  grant  a  furlough. 
fur'lop,        }  II.  n.    Leave  of  absence  granted  to  a  soldier 
-    or  sailor.    [  <  D.  verlof.] 
fur'nace,  1  f ur'ms;  2  fur'nac,  n 

enclosing  a  fire=chamber,  as 

for  melting  metal,  supply- 
ing hot  air,  etc.    [<  L.OF 

fornax  (fornac-) ,  <  furnus, 

oven.] 
Fur'ness,  1  fur'nes;   2  fur'nes, 

Horace     Howard     (1833  - 

1912).    An  American  lawyer; 

editor    of    Variorum    Shake- 
speare. 
fur'nish',  1  fur'nisTi;  2  fur'- 

nish,  vt.     1.  To  equip,  or  fit 

out,  as  with  apparatus  or 

furniture.     2.  To  supply; 

yield.      [  <  OHG. or  fnimjan, 

perform,  provide.]     Syn.:  see 

accommodate;     give;    pro- 
duce; PROVIDE. 

— fur'nlsh-er,    n.— fur'- 

nlsh-ing,  n.  1.  pi.   Fixtures 

or   fittings.     2.  The    act  of 

supplying  with  furniture. 
fur'ni-ture,    1    fur'ni-chur; 

2  fur'ni-chur,  n.     1.  Equip-6 


A  structure  or  apparatus 


Domestic  Iieating=furnace. 

a,  air-box;  6,  aBh.pit;  c,    water-pan;  r/, 
e»pot;  e,  body  or  jacket;    f,  Biiioki.'«flue; 

ment'o'r  outfit,  as  of  "chairs,  «•<'; '^  pip";  A,  radiit„r;  i.  duet. 

tables,  or  other  household 

articles;  the  trappings  of  a  horse  or  the  like.     2t.  The 

action  of  providing  for,  equipping,  or  furnishing.    [  <  F. 

fournilure,  <  fournir, -furnish.] 
fu'ror,    1  1  fiu'ror,  -ror;  2  fu'ror,  -ror,  n.    Overmastering 
fu'rore,  \  passion  for  anything;  rage;  mania.    [  <  L.  furor, 

<  furo,  rage.] 
fur'ri-er,  1  fnr'i-ar;  2  fflr'i-er,  n.    A  dealer  in  furs  or  fur 

goods;  fur»dresser.  -  fur'ri-er-y,  n.    1-iesz, pi.]    l.Furs 

In  general.    2.  The  business  of  a  furrier. 
fur'rlng,  1  fOr'tri;  2  fur'ing,  n.     1.  Fur,  or  fur  trimmings,     2. 

A  coating  or  scale;  also,  the  process  of  removing  It.   8,  Pieces 

of  wood  attached  to  a  surface,  as  for  lathing. 
fur'row,  1  fur'o;  2  fur'o.     I.  vt.  &  vi.    To  cut  furrows  in. 

II.  n .    1.  A  trench  made  in  the  earth  by  a  plow.    2.  Any 

groove  or  wrinkle.     [<  AS.  fwh.]     fiir'row=w«'«'d",  n. 

A  weed  growing  on  plowed  ground,     fur'row-yj,  «. 
fur'ry,  1  fur'i;  2  fur'y,  a.     Of  or  like  fur;  covered  with  or 

clad  in  fur. 
fur'thcr,  1  fur'ther;  2  fnr'ther.    I.  vt.    To  help  forward; 

promote.     II.  ii.  compar.     [Positivi    wanting:  used  as 

comjinr.  of  fAiiJ    1.  More  distant  or  advanced;  also,  op- 

Fositeoryon.  2.  Wider  or  fuller;  additional.  See  par. 
II.  adv.  More  remotely;  farther;  also,  in  addition: 
besides.  [<  AS.  furthor,  compar.  of  fore,  before.) 
Syn.:  (verb;  see  fromote;  (adverb),  see  but;  yet. 

— fur'thcr-ance,  n.     1.  The  act 'of  furthering;  advance- 
ment.   2.  That  which  furthers.  —  fur'tlier-er,  n.    One  who 


furthers  or  promotes.  —  fur'ther-more,  adv.  Besides; 
moreover. — fur'ther-most,  a.  Furthest  or  most  remote. 
— fur'thest.  I.a.superl.  [Positive wanting:  used  as, superl. 
of  far.)  Most  distant,  remote,  or  advanced.  II.  adv.  At  or 
to  the  greatest  distance. 

fur'tiv(es,  1  fur'tiv;  2  fur'tiv,  o.  Stealthy  or  sly;  stolen; 
secret:  elusive.  [<  L.F  furtivus,  <  fur,  thief.]  Syn.:  see 
secret.  —  fur'tiv (e-lys,  adv.  —  fur'tlv(e-nesss,  n. 

fu'run-cle,  1  fiu'run-kl;  2  fu'run-el,  n.  Pathol.  Aboil.  [< 
h.furunculus,  dim.  otfur,  thief.) — fu-run'cu-lar,  a. 

fu'ry,  1  fiu'n;  2  fu'ry,  re.  [fu'ries2,  pi.]  1.  A  state  of 
violent  anger;  ungovernable  rage;  any  vehement  passion 
or  excitement;  frenzy.  2.  [F-]  Class.  Myth.  One  of  three 
goddesses  of  vengeance.  3.  A  turbulent  woman;  ter- 
magant. [<  L.p  furia,  <  furo,  rave.]  Ssm.:  see  anger; 
frenzy;  violence. 

furz(ep,  1  furz;  2  furz,  n.  A  spiny  shrub  of  the  bean  fam- 
ily, having  many  branches  and  yellow  flowers.  [  <  AS. 
fyrs.]    gorsei;  whlni.— furz'y,  a. 

fus'cous,  1  fus'kus;  2  fus'eus,  a.  GrayIsh=brown  or  tawny; 
dusky.    [<  L.ftiscus,  dusky.] 

fuse,  1  fiuz;  2  fu§,  vt.  &  vi.  [fused;  fus'ing.]  To  liquefy 
by  heat;  melt;  blend  by  melting.  [<  L.  fusus,  pp.  of 
fundo,  pour.]  fu/ei .  Syn.:  see  melt;  mix;  unite.— fu'- 
si-bl(eP,  a.     Capable  of  being  fused.  —  fu"sl-bil'i-ty,  re. 

fuse,  n.  A  tube,  cord,  or  the  like  to  convey  fire  to  an  ex- 
plosive; also,  any  device  performing  similar  functions. 
fuze  J.    [Abbr.  of  fusee1.] 

fu-see'1,  1  fiu-zl';  2  fu-§e',  n.  1.  A  match  not  extinguish- 
able  by  wind.  2.  A  fuse.  3f.  Fusil.  [  <  F.  fusil,  < 
I,.1'1'  focus,  fireplace.]    fu-zee't. 

fu-see'2,  n.  A  spirally  grooved  cone  to  equalize  motion  in 
a  watch.    [  <  L.  fusus,  spindle.] 

fu'sel=oll",  1  fiu'zel=ell";  2  fa'sel«6il",  re.  A  volatile,  poison- 
ous, oily  compound,  common  in  ill  rectified  alcoholic  liquors. 
[<  G.  fusel,  inferior  spirits,  +  oil.] 

fu 'si-form,  1  fiu'si-farm;  2  fu'sl-form,  a.  Tapering  from  the 
middle  toward  each  end.    [<  L.  fusus,  spindle,  +  -form.] 

fu'sil,  1  fiu'zil;  2  fu'gil,  re.  A  flint=lock  musket.  [F.,  <  L. 
focus,  fireplace.]  fu'zilt.— fu"si-leer',  fu"si-lier',  re.  An 
infantry  soldier  of  a  special  class;  formerly,  one  who  carried 
a  fusil.— fu"sil-lade',  re.  A  simultaneous  discharge  of  fire- 
arms.   [F.] 

fu'sion,    1  1  fiu'.pn;  2  fu'zhon,  n.    1.  The  act  or  process 

fu'zionp,  )  of  fusing,  or  the  state  of  being  fused.  2.  Coa- 
lescence or  blending;  coalition.  [F.,  <  L.  fusio(n-),  < 
fusus;  see  fuse,  v.]     fu'surel  [Rare].     Syn.:  see  alliance. 

fu'sion-less,  1  fu'38n-les;  2  fii'zhon-les,  a.  [Scot.]  Having 
no  pith  or  marrow;  weak,    fiz'zen-lesst;  foi'son-lessf. 

fuss,  1  fus;  2  fus.  I1,  vt.  &  vi.  To  trouble  or  make  ado 
about  trifles;  fret;  worry.  II.  n.  Disturbance  about 
trivial  matters;  trouble; .  ado.  [<  AS.  fus,  ready.] 
Syn.:  see  quarrel.  —  fuss'y,  a.  Inclined  to  fuss;  fidgety; 
fretful.— fuss 'l-ly,  adv.— fuss'1-ness,  re. 

fust ||,  1  fust;  2  fust,  vi.    To  become  musty  or  moldy. 

fust1,  n.  1.  The  shaft  of  a  column.  2.  [Local,  Eng.]  The 
ridge  of  a  roof .    [OF.,  <  L.  fustis,  club.] 

fust2,  re.    A  musty,  rank  smell.    [<  fusty.] 

fus'tian,  1  fus'cTian;  2  fiis'chan.  I.  a.  1.  Made  of  fus- 
tian. 2.  Pompous;  bombastic.  II.  re.  1.  A  coarse 
twilled  stuff,  as  corduroy.  2.  Pretentious  verbiage; 
bombast.    [  <  Ar.OF  Fustdt  (near  Cairo,  in  Egypt).] 

fus'tlc,  1  Xus'tik;  2  fus'tlc,  re.  The  wood  of  a  tropical  tree 
used  as  a  yellow  dyes  tuff;  yellowwood.  [<  Sp.  fustoc,  < 
fustcte,  smoke»tree,  <  L.  fustis,  club.] 

fus'tl-gate,  1  fus'ti-get;  2  fus'tl-gat,  vt.  [-gat'ed";  -oat'ing.) 
To  beat  with  a  stick;  cudgel.  [<  L.  fustigatus,  pp.,  <  fus- 
tis, club,  +  ago,  drive.] 

fust'y,  1  fust'i;  2  fust'y,  o.  [fust'i-kh;  i  i  st'i  EST.] 
Musty;  moldy;  rank.  [<  L.°*  fustis,  club.]  -fust'i- 
ness,  re. 

fut.,  abbr.     Future. 

fu'til(es,  1  fiii'td;  2  fu'til,  a.    Of  no  avail;  done  in  vain. 

[<    L.  flililis,  that  easily    pours  out.]      Syn.:   See    i  BBLESSI 

vain. —  fu'til (e-lys,  „,/r.      fu-tu'i-ty,    n.    [-ties*,  ///.] 

The  quality  of  being  futile;  anything  futile. 

fut'tock,  1  fut'<ik;2  fttt'ok,  a.  A  crooked  timber  in  the 
frame  of  a  wooden  vessel,  [Perhaps  <  foot,  \  suff.-ocK.] 
— fut'tock «plate",  n.  one  of  the  iron  plates  to  which  are 
fastened  the  deadeyes  of  the  topmastrlgglng  and  the  upper 
ends  of  the  tuttock»shrouds,  r.<siirou<ls,  n.  pi.  shrouds 
extending  from  the  futtock>platea  to  a  band  on  the  mast  be- 
low f.=siair,  ii.  a  short  bar  abreast  or  the  futtook« 
shrouds  to  prevent  chafing,  -f. "timbers,  n.  pi.  The  futtocks. 

fu'ture.  If lu'dhur or -tiur;  2 ffl'chvr or -tflr.    I.o,    Such 

as  will  or  may  be  hereafter;  pertaining   to  01  expressing 

time  to  come.    II.  n.    1.  The  tune  yel  to  come;  that 

which  will  be  in  time  to  come;  prospects  or  outlook 
2.  Com.  Any  security  sold  or  bought  upon  an  agree 
ment  for  future  delivery.  3.  Cram.  The  future  tense. 
[<  L.  futurus,  fut.  p.  of  sum,  am.) 


futurbl  tn;  fat.  fa        at;  ga      r*r;  hh, poll       o     ■>■><■.  not.  or;  fun.  rflle;  bvt,bOrn; 

calllta%kln«  ■  ''  D)    u-iii.  Mt.  I..-;  I  -  C;  I  —  t;  go,  ndt,  Or,  wAn,  888 

,  in/  /  ii.iir .  1  |],  n     \  puftball. 

l^.  nlerj.    Samos 

-fy,  ■    OP.  ffer,      i  do,  make  I 

t\ • .        Promise; i  onfldence;  trust. 

i>  1 1     i>    .  lni.iii 

^.    \  fyke,  1  falk;2  fyk,  n      \  Ash-trap consisting of  several   uooes 

conical  nets  with  wide-stretched  mouths;  a  bag-net; 
bow-net     [Perhap        D  bow>net.]   fyke'^neff. 

II.        i.        lyl'fot,  1  fll'fet;  2  fyl'fot,  n     Iheraldlo  and  religious  symbol 
in  iho  form  of  a  Greek  cross. 

in//  >.  (i •  ■         urn  a    i  on). 

iviir  .  l  ru.  2  fj  i.  a.   A.  song,  canto,  or  verse;  a  fit 


rn  in. 

i 


<; 


6  a 


Bcripl 


.  r.  rr*.  I 


r-lun'ile 

Ki    1,1-. 


i.»h  alphabet. 

many,  grand, 
ilnea. 
lis.,  ■  Ga. 

,     talk  much 

nvcylng  the  motion  of  an 

■din',  n.     1.  A  long. 
v  i  irn  by  Jews.     v.  A  rain' 
h  a  cout.     [  <  Sp.  ga- 
r-dlne 

A  (lai  river-lighter  having  a 

I.,  gabata.dlsh.]  gab  hart:. 

I.       a  ...'•!    i    d;  qab'- 

itter;  babble  foolishly;  utter  a 

II.   'i      1.   Noi 


In'yi  or  -lOn'yi;  2  Bftb'er-lfin*y1  or 
bag  or  pouch; 

I, ',  r-lim ">  I,-  man":;     gabVr-lun"/lc: ; 

'l,i-«,ri,  n.    A  bottomless  wicker 
.  sand  to  form  a  fortil 


1 

I   aiding. 


-. 
i>00. 


The  triangular  end  of  a 
Gables. 

■ 


M 


len. 
Air. 


C'olloq.]     A  foolish  gaping  fellow;  a 
•  ■*«  man.  <  ft 

■  i.r...  ]     To  roam 
gad  ilir. 
ip  with  a  gad.    2.  [NewEng.] 

,r  metal-pointed  tool  for 

i    ion-drill.     2. 

any  smaU  rod  or 

i       gaddr, 

• 

-    e  di   cended 

.11 
I.         i  ond  of 
ully. 

.  pi }  A  large 
horse'  H\  " 

■  ga-deTle,  n. 

Including  Highland 

<.  I'd   Im  -II'     .      Gad  'lic-llr,  n. 

gad"o-lln'l-a,  n.    A 

.1  im,  -.An 

,.  ih.j:',, 
tbe  L'r.  l.  m j  known 


U  the  Gadsden  Purchase,  now  part  of  Arizona  and  New 
Mexico 

gae',  1  g6;  2  W.  •*.    [8O0tJ     [QA1 i>;  G  vV.'imi;  ,;ua.|     Togo. 

.  ,  ,i    .   Imp   of  < .  i  v  i  .  I 

Gae  a.    l  Ji'a.  ji;  2  ge'a,  ge,  n    Or.  Myth,    The  goddess  <>r 

».<•,      (earth,  and  mother  <>f  Uranus,  the  Titans,  Cyclops, 

etc.     r    <;r.  Quia,  Earth.] 
Gaels  1  661;  2  gal,  ».    A  Scottish  Highlander.     Gael'lc. 

I.  a.     Belonging  or  relating  to  the  Scottish  Eighlanders. 

II.  n.    The  Celtic  language.   [<  Gael.  Gaidheal,  Gael.] 
Gael.,  abbr.     Gaelic. 

galf ,  1  gaf;  2  gaf.  r.  I.  (.  To  strike  or  land  with  a  gaff,  as  a 
nsh.    II.  (.   To  use  a  gaff.   gaf;. 

galf,  1  gaf;  2  gaf,  n.  1.  A  sharp  iron  hook  at  the  ond  of  a 
pole,  for  landing  large  fish.  2.  Naut.  A  spar  for  extend- 
ing a  Bail.    3.  A  gamecock's  steel  spur.    (  <  F.  uaffe.] 

galf-,  n.  isiang.  t;t.  Brit.]  A  low  penny  theater. 

gaffer,  1  gaf'er;  2  Safer,  n.  1.  An  old  man;  an  aged  rustlo: 
now  contemptuous.  2.  [(it.  Brit.)  (1)  A  foreman  of  labor- 
ers. (-)  Sporting.  One  who  trains  a  pedestrian.  [C'ontr.  of 
gramfer,  for  grandfather] 

Raffle,  1  1  gaf'l;  2  gaf'l,  n.    1.  A  forked  musket-rest;  a 

gaf'l'*,  J  lever:  an  old  use.  2.  A  gaff  for  a  game-cock. 
[<  D.  gaffcl,  fork.  =  gable,  n.\ 

gag,  1  gag;  2  gag.    I.  vt.  &vi.    [gagged,  gagd8;  gag'ging.] 

I.  To  use  a  gag  upon;  silence  by  force.  2.  To  nauseate 
or  be  nauseated.  3.  To  pry  open  (the  month)  by  means 
of  a  gag.     4.   [Slang.]   Theat.   To  use  or  introduce  gags. 

II.  n.  1.  Any  appliance  for  completely  obstructing  the 
vocal  organs;  any  restraint  upon  speech.  2.  Something 
nauseating.  3.  Suri/.  An  instrument  for  holding  open 
the  jaws  during  an  operation.  4.  [Slang.]  An  actor's 
interpolation  in  a  play;  also,  a  practical  joke. — gag'ger, 
n.  1.  One  who  gags.  2.  A  piece  of  Iron  used  to  keep  a  core 
In  Its  place  in  a  mold. 

gage1,    i  1  gej;  2  gag.     I.  vt.     [gaged,  gauged;  gag'ino, 

gauge, )  gatjg'ing.]  To  determine  by  measurement; 
measure;  estimate.  II.  n.  1.  An  instrument  for  mea- 
suring t  he  capacity,  dimensions,  force,  etc.,  of  anything; 
andard  of  comparison.  2.  A  standard  measure- 
ment, dimension,  or  amount.  3.  Naut.  (1)  A  vessel's 
draft.  (2)  The  position  of  a  vessel  with  regard  to  the 
wind  and  to  another  vessel.  [<  OF.  (jaufier,  measure.] 
gag'er,  gaug'er,  n.  1.  One  who  gages.  2.  An  officer  of 
the  revenue  service  who  measures  the  contents  of  casks,  etc. 

gage-.  I.  it.  [gaged;  gag'ino. 1  To  give  or  deposit  as  a  pledge 
for  some  act;  pawn;  wager.  II.  ji.  Something  given  or 
thrown  down  as  security  for  some  act,  as  a  gauntlet  In  token 
Of  readiness  for  a  combat:  a  pledge;  a  challenge;  defiance. 
[<  F.  gager,  <  OF.  wagicr,  wage.)     Syn.:  see  security. 

gage  ,  n.    One  of  several  varieties  of  plum,  as  the  gieewgage. 

Gage,  Thomas  (1721-1787).  A  British  general  and  adminis- 
trator; commanded  the  British  army  at  Bunker  Hill. 

gai'e-ty,  11  ge'i-ti;  2  ga'e-ty,  n.     [-tiesz,  pi.]     1.  The 

gay'e-ty,  )  state  of  being  gay;  merriment;  fun.     2.  Gay 
appearance;  finery.    [<  F.  gaieU,   <  ijai;  see  gay,  a.] 
Syn.:  see  frolic;  happiness;  sport. 

gal'ly,  |  1  ge'h;  2  ga'ly,  adv.    In  a  gay  manner;  joyously; 

gayTy,  j  merrily;  showily. 

gain',  1  gen;  2  gan,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  secure  as  profit  or 
earnings;  get.  2.  To  win.  3.  To  arrive  at;  reach.  4.  To 
win  over;  propitiate.  II.  i.  To  make  progress;  im- 
prove; advance;  obtain  the  advantage:  often  with  on  or 
upon. 

Syn.;  achieve,  acquire,  attain,  conquer,  earn,  flourish,  get, 
lean,,  master,  obtain,  procure,  realize,  reap,  win.  See 
achieve;  attain;  flourish;  get:  obtain;  reach.  — Ant.: 
fall  Of,  forfeit,  give  up,  lose,  miss,  surrender. — gain 'or,  n. 

gain-,  rt.     To  cut  gains  In,  as  floor-timbers. 

gain  .  n.  1.  That  which  is  obtained  as  an  advantage;  a  de- 
sire,] acquisition:  commercial  profit.  2.  Amount  of  Increase; 
accession.    3.  The  pursuit  or  the  acquisition  of  riches.    [< 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    Ml  =  out;    ©11;    lu  =  feud;    cllin;    go;    n  =  sing;    <hin,    this,  futurist 

339  2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  611,  boy;  go,  pern;  ink;   thin,   this,  galligaskins 


Ice.  gagn,  gain,  advantage.]  Syn.:  see  profit. — gain'ful,  a. 
Yielding  profit;  lucrative.  Syn.:  see  profitable. — galn'- 
ful-ly,  adv. — gain'ful-ness,  n. — gain'less,  a.  Profitless. 
-ness,  n. 

gain-,  n.  Carp.  A  groove,  or  beveled  shoulder.  [<  W.  gan, 
mortise,  <  ganu,  hold.] 

Gaines,  1  genz;  2  gang,  Edmund  Pendleton  (1777-1S49). 
An  American  general;  defended  Fort  Erie,  Aug.,  1814. 

gain'giv"lngt,  n.    Uncertainty  of  mind;  misgiving. 

gain"say',  1  gen"se';  2  gan"sa/,  vt.  [-said';  -say'ing.]  To 
speak  against;  contradict;  controvert.  [<  AS.  gcgn-, 
against,  +  secgan,  say.] — galn"say'§,  n.  Contradiction  or 
opposition.— gain 'say"er,  n. 

Gains 'bor-ough,  1  genz'bur-o;  2  gans/bor-o,  Thomas  (1727- 
1788).  An  English  portralt=painter.  Boy  Blue;  Duchess  of 
Devonshire. 

galn"stand ',  1  gen"stand' ;  2  gan"stand',  vt.  [Archaic  &  Poet.l 
To  stand  against;  resist.    [<  gain-  (see  gainsay)  +  stand.] 

Gaird'ner,  1  gard'nar;  2  gard'ner,  James  (1828-1912).  A 
Scottish  historian,  biographer,  and  editor. 

gair'lsh,  -ly,  etc.    Same  as  garish,  etc. 

gait,  1  get;  2  gat,  n.  1.  The  manner  of  walking  or  step- 
ping; carriage  of  the  body  in  going;  walk.  2.  A  way; 
course.  [Same  as  gate2,  <  Ice.  gata,  way.] — gait'ed,  a. 
Having  a  (particular)  gait:  used  in  composition;  as,  slow= 
ga  itcd. 

gai'ter,  1  ge'tar;  2  gii'ter,  n.  1.  A  covering  for  the  lower 
leg  or  ankle,  fastened  at  the  side  and  usually  strapped 
under  the  foot.  2.  A  shoe  covering  the  ankle  and  hav- 
ing no  opening  in  front  and  usually  elastic  sides.  [  <  F. 
gutlre.] 

Ga'ius,  1  ge'yus;  2  ga'yus,  n.  A  Roman  jurist  and  writer; 
flourished  between  130-1S0;  Institutes.  [Gallon. 

Gal.,  abbr.    Galatians,  Galen. — gal.,  gall.,  abbr.    [gals.,  pi.] 

ga'la,  1  ge'la;  2  ga'la,  n.  A  festivity;  show.  [F.,  <  It.  gala, 
festive  attire.] — ga'la=day",  n.    A  holiday;  festival. 

ga-lac'ttc,  1  ga-lak'tik;  2  ga-lac'tic,  a.  1.  Med.  Pertaining 
to  flow  or  secretion  of  milk;  lactic.  2.  Astron.  Pertaining 
to  the  Galaxy.     [<  Gr.  galaktikos,  milky,  <  gala,  milk.] 

Gal'a-had,  1  gal'a-had;  2  gal'a-had,  Sir.  One  of  King  Arthur's 
knights;  type  of  purity;  found  the  Holy  Grail. 

ga-lan'gal,  1  ga-lan'gal;  2  ga-lan'gal,  n.  The  aromatic  stimu- 
lant rootstocks  of  various  East«Indian  herbs  of  the  ginger 
family.  [<  ME.  galingale,  <  OF.  galingal,  mild  ginger.] 
ga-lan'gat;  ga-lange't. 

gal'an-tine,  (  1  gal'an-tin;  2  gal'an-tin,  n.    A  cold  prepara- 

gal'an-tin,  S  tion  of  boned  and  seasoned  chicken,  veal,  etc., 
served  in  its  own  jelly.    [F.] 

Ga-la'pa-gos,  1  ga-lu'pa-gos;  2  gii-la'pa-gos,  n.  A  group  of 
islands,  730  m.  W.  of  Ecuador;  2,400  sq.  m.;  pop.  400. 

Gal"a-te'a,  1  gal"a-ti'a;  2  gara-te'a,  n.  Gr.  Myth.  1.  A  sca= 
nymph.  2.  An  ivory  statue  of  a  maiden  so  beautiful  that  the 
sculptor.  Pygmalion,  fell  in  love  with  his  own  work,  and 
Aphrodite  gave  it  life  at  his  petition.  3.  A  coquettish  shep- 
herdess in  Vergil's  Third  Eclogue. 

Ga-la'tl-a,  1  ga-le'shi-a;  2  ga-la'shl-a,  n.  An  ancient  country 
in  Asia  Minor. — Ga-la'tian,  a.  &  n. — Epistle  to  the  Ga- 
latians, a  letter  written  by  the  Apostle  Paul  to  the  churches 
of  Galatia  about  A.  D.  56.    Ga-la'tianst. 

Gal'ax-y,  1  gal'aks-i;  2  gal'aks-y,  n.  1.  An  irregular  lumi- 
nous band  encircling  the  heavens,  consisting  of  innumerable 
stars:  known  as  the  Milky  Way.  2.  [g-]  [-iesz,  pi.]  Any 
brilliant  group,  as  of  persons.  [  <  Gr.F  galaxis,  <  gala,  milk.] 

Gal'ba,  1  gal'ba;  2  gal'ba,  Servlus  Sulplcius  (3  B.  C- 
A.  D.  69).    A  Roman  emperor;  killed  by  his  soldiers. 

gal'ha-num,  1  gal'ba-num;  2  gal'ba-num,  n.  A  bitter  and 
odorous  gum,  used  as  a  stimulant,  expectorant,  etc.     [I,.] 

gale1,  1  gel;  2  gal,  n.  1.  A  wind=storm;  a  strong  wind. 
2.  Hilarious  merriment.     [Scot.]     Syn.:  see  wind,      [gagcl.] 

gale2,  n.     A  branching  shrub  of  E.  United  States.     [•     A.S. 

ga'le-a,  1  ge'li-a;  2  ga'le-a,  n.  \-m,  1  -I;  2  -e,  pi.]  A  helmet, 
or  something  likened  to  a  helmet.     [L.] 

ga'le-ate,  1  ge'h-et;  2  ga'le-at,  d.  1.  Covered  with  or  wearing 
a  helmet;  having  a  helmet=like  part.  2.  Helmct«shaped. 
ga'le-af'edt. 

Galen,  1  ge'Ien;  2  ga'len,  Claudius  (131-201).  A  Greefe 
physician  and  philosopher.  —  Ga-lc'nl-aii,  a.  Ga-Ie'nlc'l; 
Ga-le'nl-oalJ.  -Ga'len-ism,  n. — Ga'lon-lsl,  n. 

ga-lc'na,  1  ga-U'na;  2  ga-le  na,  n.  A  common  ore  of 
lead;  lend  sulfid.  [  <  Gr.1' galcnf:,  lead.]  ga'len-itet.— 
ga-len'lc2,  a. 

Ga-ll'cl-a,  1  ga-lisTi'i-a;  2  ga-llsh'l-a.  n.  1.  A  province  (30,- 
321  sq.  m.;  pop.  8,026,000)  In  Austria;  overrun  by  I  lie  Rus- 
sians, 1914.  2.  An  ancient  kingdom,  now  four  provinces,  In 
<  N.  VV.  Spain.    Ga-H'ce*.—  Ga-ll'clan,  fl.  A  n. 

Gall-lee,  1  ual'i-H;  2  gfil'i-lS,  a.  An  ancient  Roman  province, 
N.  Palestine. — Galilee  porch,  a  porch  or  chapel  at  the  west 
end  of  some  abbey  onurcb.es.  Gal'i-lcet.  Sea  of  G.,  gee 
TlBEBIAS.— Gal"l-le'an,  a.  &  n.    GaT'l-la-'an ; . 

Ga"ll-le'l,  1  gn"ll-lf'I:  2  ga'H-lfi'I,  Galileo  (1584  L642).  An 
Italian  astronomer;  inventor  of  astronomical  telescope'; 
condemned  by  Inquisition;  commonly  called  Gal"l-le'o. 

gal'l-ot,  1  gal'i-ot;  2  sal'l-ot,  n.  Nam.  1.  A  small  galley  pro- 


pelled by  sails  and  oars.  2.  A  two»masted  Dutch  or  Flemish 
merchant  vessel.    [F.,  <  LL.  galeota,  dim.  of  galea,  galley  ] 

gal'1-pot,  1  gal'i-pet;  2  gal'1-pot,  n.  The  white  turpentine 
resin  formed  on  the  bark  of  pine«trees.     [F.]     bar'rost. 

gall,  1  gel;  2  gal,  vt.  To  injure  or  render  sore  by  friction; 
abrade;  hence,  to  fret;  harass;  irritate.  Syn.:  see  in- 
cense. 

gall1,  re.  An  excrescence  on  plants,  due  to  insects  or  to  a 
parasitic  fungus;  also,  a  similar  excrescence  on  animals. 
[<  L.p  galla,  gallnut.]— gall'sfly",  n.  A  gall=making 
insect—  gall'nut",  n.  The  gall  of  a  species  of  oak 
called  the  gall=oak.    gall'=ap"plet. 

gall-,  n.  1.  An  abrasion  or  excoriation,  as  by  the  friction 
of  harness  on  a  horse.     2.  [Local,  Eng.j     A  blemish. 

3.  A  locality  made  barren  by  exhaustion  of  the  soil. 

4.  [Southern  U.  S.]  Lowlying  wet  land.  [  <  AS.  gealla, 
gall  (on  a  horse).] 

gall3,  n.  1.  The  bitter  fluid  secreted  by  the  liver;  bile; 
hence,  bitter  feeling;  malignity.  2.  The  sac  containing 
the  bile.  gaH'=blad"derJ.  3.  [Slang.]  Cool  impu- 
dence; assurance.  [  <  AS.  gealla;  said  to  be  connected 
with  yellow.]— gall-stone",  n.  A  solid  substance  found 
in  the  gallbladder,  liver,  etc.;  biliary  calculus. 

gal-lant'",  1  ga-lant';  2  ga-lant',  vt.  &  vi.  To  attend  as  a 
gallant;  play  the  gallant  or  lover;  rarely,  to  array  gallantly. 

gal'Iant1,  1  gal'ant;  2  gal'ant.  I.  a.  Possessing  an  in- 
trepid spirit;  brave;  chivalrous.  II.  n.  A  man  of  gay 
and  dashing  manners;  an  intrepid  youth.  [<  OF. 
galant,  prop.  ppr.  of  galcr,  rejoice.]  Syn.:  see  brave. — gal'- 
lant-ly1,  adv. 

gal-lant'2,  1  ga-lant';  2  ga-lant'.  I.  a.  Polite  and  atten- 
tive to  women;  courteous.  II.  re.  A  man  who  pays 
court  to  women:  used  in  good  or  evil  sense.    -Iy2,  adv. 

gal'lant-ry,  1  gal'ant-n;2  gal'ant-ry,  n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  1. 
Courage;  heroism;  chivalrousness.  2.  Polite  or  exces- 
sive attention  to  women.    Syn.:  see  courage;  prowess. 

Gal'la-tln,  1  gal'a-tin;  2  gal'a-tin,  Albert  (1761-1849).  A 
Swiss=American  statesman  and  diplomat. 

Gal'le,  1  gal'a;  2  gal'e,  Jo  ha  nil  Gottfried  (1812-1910).  A 
German  astronomer;  discoverer  of  Neptune.    lS4(i. 

gal'le-ass,  1  gal'i-as;  2  gal'e-as,  n.  A  large  armed  galley, 
with  3  masts,  and  15  oars  or  more  on  each  side:  used  for- 
merly on  the  Mediterranean.  [<  It.  galcazza,  <  galea, 
galley.]    gal'e-ast;  gal'11-ast. 

gal'le-on,  1  gal'i-en;  2  gal'e-on,  n. 
17th    century),    especially     a 
Spanish  or  Mediterranean 
three  «  decker.      [  < 
LL.sp  galea,  galley.] 

gal'Ier-y,  1  gal'ar-i;  2 
gal'er-y,  n.  [-iesz, 
pi.]  1.  An  elevated 
floor  within  a  church, 
theater,  or  the  like;- 
also,  the  people  seat- 
ed there.  2.  A  corri- 
dor; passageway;  a 
place    used    for    the 

display    of     statues,  „     „  .  „  „  ...     ,„.,  _, 

paintings,  etc.  3.  An  Engllsh  Gallcon  of  thc  1Gth  Century, 
underground  passage,  as  of  a  mine  or  fortification.  4. 
Naut.  A  balcony=like  projection  from  the  after  part  of  a 
ship.     [<  OF.  galerie,  gallery.] 

gal'ley,  1  gal'i;  2  gal'y,  n.  1.  A  seagoing  vessel  propelled 
by  oars  or  by  oars  and  sails;  barge;  rowboat.  2.  The 
cooking»place  on  board  ship.  3.  Print.  A  long  tray,  for 
holding  composed  type.  [<  F.  gatee,  <  LL.  u»l<", 
galley]  gal'eyet;  gul'lj  t.— gal'ley  eslavc",  n.  A  convict 
■sentenced  to  labor  al   the  oar  of  a  galley. 

gal 'Hard  ||,  1  gal'yord;  2  giU'yard.  I.  a.  lull  of  gaiety;  dash- 
ing; jaunty;  spirited.  II.  n.  1.  A  gay  or  dashing  person,  2. 
An  old-fashioned  dance  of  brisk  movement,;  also,  the  music 
for  such  a  dance.    [OF.;  cp.  Gael,  galac/i,  lively.] 

Gallic^  1  gal'ik;  2  gal'ie,  a.    ( >f  or  pertaining  to  ancient 

Caul  or  modern  France.  [<  L.  (/'alliens,  <  (Julius, 
lnhab.  of  Gaul.]  —  Gal 'll-clsm,  n.  A  French  Idiom,  as  used 
in  any  oilier  language. — Gal'll-clze,  vt.    Gal'll-Clsct. 

gallic*,  1  gal'ik;  2  gal'i e,  a.    Derived  from  gallnuts. 

gal'llc',  a,    ciiini.   Of  or  derived  from  gallium. 

Galll-can,  1  gal'i-ken;  2  gal'i-ean,    1.  a,    or  or  pertaining  to 

Caul  or  Prance,  or  especially  lo  a  former  parly  In  Hie  Roman 

Catholic  Church  there.    II.  a,    A  member  of  the  Galilean 

party  Galll-Can-lsill,  n.  The  principles  of  the  national 
parly  111  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  of  1  ranee  (17th  cen- 

turvi .  restricting  the  power  or  the  papacy 

C;al"lle"nl',   1   (,'.'! I". ya'nl';  2  gal»yS*nI',  Joseph   (IHlU   1910). 

a  French  general;  military  governor  ol  Paris,  1014   15. 
Gal'll-c'iuis.  i  gal'i-6'nus;  2  gal'l-fi'nOs,  Pabllus  Llclnius 

Valerius  cms  268).    a  Roman  emperor:  murdered, 
g.'tl"ll-gas'kliis,  l  gal'1-gas'krnz;  2  gil'l-Bas'klna,  n.  pi.    1. 


A  large  ship  (15th  to 


galllmaufr)    | 
gar  turn  I 


gal-l. 


• 


W  ilir- 

\     Rom  m 
win.  17.    careless  <..<i- 

.1  by 
.all  earthen 


■  tolllr  ele- 
pleasurc 

,-,   ml       .   ill    l-i.inl 

I.  \  liquid  measure:  1 1 1 
Imperial, 
mre;  one* 

■  ■  ■     I 
- 

•  nted  \sith  galloon    ga- 


,  i  i        ■>  0      -•    8r;  full,  rrtle;  but,  bOrn; 

,  i      i   .  ;    I  -  G;    I  -    .        0       .i      in .  won,  ,'MO 

i  ( ;r.  mttron, 

k;  il    i.i-nii-iiiil    rlc.  a       giil"Ki-iinmV-tr).  n. 

nroce     o  f  mi 
kiii  t»no-seope<  l  An 

hunt  ■:■  uid  showing  the  direct! fan  eleo- 

irrcnt,  differing  from  ■  galvanometer  In  being  only 

qualll  COM   I       gal"\a-iii>-sciip'lc, 

i     i    :-no>    i  o-pi  . 

i .  ii  i' i \    eaporl  (pop 

m   and  count]  (305sq.m.;  pop.  44,000)  In  8  E.Texas; 
Inundated  Sept   S,  1000. 
<..u  way,  i  (01         2  Bal'wa,  «.    A  maritime  count] 

O),  W.  central  Ireland ;  also,  Its  capital 
(pop   16,000       <•    Bai .  -i  !•:».--  s  w    of  Galway  county. 
« .  i  in  ,.  \  asco  ill-    14607-1525       \  Portu- 

o  navigator;  flrat  to  sail  round  Ifrli  i  to  India. 
Ga-mall-el,  1  ge-me'b-el;  2ga-mi  i.  I  prince 

,.r  m  i  \.  23     '!■  \  Pharisee;  preceptor  <>f  the 

apostle  Paul.     Acts  v.  34;  n\H.  S. 
ga-mash'est,  n    pi.    Leggings,  or  high  boots.    |      OF.  ga- 

IAHB  ! 

gam- bade',  /  i  gam-bea1',  -bB'do  i   »     I. 

gam-ba  'do,  •  \  legging  in  protect  from  mud     '!.  /''     Boot* 
like  stirrups.   8.  A  curvet.    |-    n  gamba,  leg,  <    VL.gamba; 

V  Mil.) 

Qam-bel  'i.i.  l     ina  bet's  or  (F.)  gaftte'tfi'; :.'  B&m-bet's  or 
t£',  Leon  Michel  (1838   1882).    A  French  law- 
yer, Btatesman,  and  premier, 
Gam'bWa,  l  gam'bi-a;2ftam'bl-a, n.    A  British  crown  colony 
in  w    Africa;  4  sq  m  ;  pop.  7,700;  also,  a  British  protectorate 
in  W.  Africa;  4,500 sq  m  ;  pop   138,400. 
gam  'hit.  l  gam'bit :  2  gam'bit,  n.    <  ine  or  various  opening    In 
In  which  a  pawn  or  piece  Is  risked  to  obtain  an  attack. 
i   ,       n  gamba;  see  oambade.1 
gain'Mc  I  l  gara/bl:  2  g&m'bl,  v.     [gam'bl(e)dp;  qam'- 
gam'hl1',  j  buhq.]     I.  I.    To  squander  by  gaming:  fol- 
lowed by  away.    II.  i.    To  game;  risk  or  wager  some- 
thing of  value  upon  a  chance.     [<  AS.  gamenian,   < 
sport.]     gam'hler,    it.  -  gam'bllng,    n.     gam'- 
iiiing  iii-H",    n.     A   resort    for   gambling.     gam 'Mings 
house"!. 
gam-boge',  1  gam-b5j';  2  gam-bog',  n.     A  brownish 

(  IriehtaJ  gum  resin.     [<  Cambui  :,  <   a  ml  mm  Mm,  in  Farther 

India.] 
gam 'hoi,   1    gam'bdl;  2  gam'bol.     I.   st.     [-bolbd   or 
-iiui.i.kd;  -noL-iNO  or  -uoi.-lim;]     To  skip  sportively 
about;  caper  playfully.     II.  n.     A  skipping  about  in 
sport.    [<  ii  g  ]    Syn.:  (verb)   Bee  ikisk;  leap; 

(noun)  sec  frolic;  sport. 
gam'brel,  1  gam'brel;  2  gam'brel,  n.    1.  The  hock  of  an 
aniiiiMl.     '!.  A  stirk  used  for  hanging  meat.     3.  A   roof 
having  its  slope  broken  by  an  obtuse  angle,    gambrcl 
roof  J.    [  <  OF.  gambe,  <  LL.  gamba,  leg.] 
game,  1  gSm;  2  Sam,  v.     [gamed;   qam'ino.1     I.  t.     To 
or  wager  at  play;  gamble.     II.  i.     To  play  a  game, 
especially  a  game  of  chance,  for  a  stake;  gamble.    [< 
nenian,  <  gamen,  sport] 
game  ,  a.     1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  game.     2.  Ready  to 

fight;  courageous;  unflinching,   -ly,  adv.   -ness,  n. 
game  ,  a.     [Slang.]     Lame  or  crooked;  as,  a  game  leg.     [< 

cam.] 
game,  n.     1.  A  contest  for  recreation  or  amusement;  a 
joke;  sport,     2.    pi.    Athlrtic  contests,  especially 
those  held  at  Btated  times.    3.  Any  exercise  for  diver- 
4.  A  point,  or  a  certain  number  of  points:  used 
specifically  in  various  games.    5.  A  scheme;  plot.     6. 
Wild  animals  collectively,  or  their  flesh.     7.  Any  object 
of  pursuit.    [  <  AS.  gamen,  sport.] 
Syn.:  see  frolic;  sport. 

game'tcock",  n.  The  male  of  a  hardy  breed  of  fowl 
(the  game >f owl),  bred  and  trained  for  fighting.— game'- 
k<'ep"er,  „  ^  person  having  the  care  of  game,  as  in  a  pre- 
serve or  park  game 'some,  a.  Playful;  sportive:  gay; 
merry,  game'ster,  a.  i.  A  gambler.  '*.  [Prov.  long.]  A 
competitor  at  athletic  games.    3t.  A  prostitute 

gam'ete,  1  gamlt;  2  garn'et,  n.    Biol.     A  protoplasmic  body 
or  conjugates  with  another  to  form  a  zygospore. 
wife,  <  ffamOS,  marriage. | 
gam'e-to-phyte,   1   gam'i-to-fait;  2  gam'e-to-fyt,   n.     Bot. 
i  Li  phase  or  generation  in  certain  plants  which  produces  the 
organs  of  reproduction.     [<    <;r    t/umitr   (see  imiiktej    +- 
plant  ]     gam"e-to-pli>  t  'lc,  a 
gam  'in.  l  gam'in; 2 gam'in,  n.    A  street  arab.    [F.] 
gam'lng,  1  getn'irj;  2  gam'lng,  n.    The  act  or  practise  of  gam- 
bling,   gam 'Ing 'house",  ti.— g.»room,  n.    g. 'table,  n. 

A  table  furnished  With  apparatus  for  gaming. 
gam 'ma,  1  gam's;  2  gam'a,  n.    The  ttiird  letter  In  the  Greek 

alphabet,  Bounded  like  g  In  go. — gamma  rays,  see  under 

BAT,  n. 
gam'mer,  1  gam'ar;  2  gam'er,  n.    [Colloq.]    An  old  woman: 

grandmother:   correlative  of  gaffer.     [Contr.  of  grammer. 

Short  for  GRANDMOTHER.) 


C»l-I ■•    I    • 

k-  ,1   |o|,.  I.  To  ride,  drive,  or 

II.  I .  ■         .     pedal  motion  My  a 

Rfui  .  The  act  ol    ruling  at    a 

p  ]    gallop-er, 
id'  or  -pad',  n. 
i  ;.  \  brisk  dance. 

gal  lo-pln 

gal'o-piu:. 
gal'lyt. 

til  (o-n  .  1.  a  small  hoi 

a  ay.  Scotland.     See 

c.»i  i—  -.  W.  Scotland;  1,441 

«*i  I .  of  a  chief  of  ancient 

Ir   i/alloglach.  <  gall, 

.   il    !"-^l  i--  ■  . 

■      "  I  'i 

I  r  hanging  crimins 

2.  pi. 
•  for  the  trousers. 

Ion  -  bird",       i  >ne  who  either  1 

g.'tree,  n.  A  gallows,     gal'- 

•  .  or  the  music 

g.ll'  il-plll. 

I  ■  ry  many;  abundant, 

u  DxHii.     ii  lanoe.    [<  Ir.goUor; 

:•■'    •:•.,:.    to  torn,  adv  :  /.«r,  enough  ] 
■  •  rly,  a  wooden 

ershoe. 
ga-loehe't. 

-ir   }  run  1-        S22    1911         An 
Introducer  of  linger- 
i. al-io  iil-an,  a. 

nL  l.ulgl     1737    1798).    An 

ItaJUxi  phyntcbrt:  db 

• ''   "  ■  Perl    ining  to 

galvanic  pile,  a  number  of 

!.•■  other, 
I    paper  mols- 

g»l\  i-ol-ni.  •.  •  from  chem- 

ical ■  gal'va-nlst,  n.~ 

■ 
1 

a  false 
galvanized 
•alvanlc 
-  '  i    Hon.  g.il"\.i-nl-..i  'lion    . 

■ 

.An  apparatus  for  measuring  currenustrength  or  po- 


1: 3  =  final;    l  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    10  =  feud;    tftain;    go;    n  =  sina;    Chin,   this,  gallimaufry 
341  2:wQlf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  garment 


gam'mon1,  1  gani'an;  2  gam'on,  v.  I.  I.  1.  [Colloq.]  To 
hoodwink.  2.  In  backgammon,  to  obtain  a  gammon  over. 
II.  I.  1.  [Colloq.]  To  sham.  2.  To  gamble,  gam'menf.— 
gam'mon(e)ds,  pp. 

gam'mon2,  rt.  1.  To  cure  by  salting  and  smoking.  2.  Naut. 
To  tie  or  chain  (the  bowsprit)  to  the  stem. 

gam'mon1,  1  gam'an;  2  gam'on,  n.  1.  [Colloq.]  A  hoax. 
2.  In  backgammon,  a  defeat  in  which  the  winner  throws 
off  all  his  men  before  the  loser  throws  off  any.  [  <  AS. 
gamen,  sport.]     gam  'men  | . 

gam'mon2,  re.    A  cured  ham.    [  <  LL.OF3or»6a,  leg.] 

gam 'mon-lng,  1  gam'an-in;  2  gam'on-ing,  n.  Naut.  A  rope, 
chain,  or  iron  that  fastens  the  bowsprit  down  to  the  stem  of 
a  vessel. 

gam'o-,  1  gam'o-;  2  gam'o-.  From  Greek  gamot,  mar- 
riage: a  combining  form. — gam"o-gen'e-sis,  n.  Biol.  Sex- 
ual generation. — gam"o-pet'a-lous,  a.  Pertaining  to  a 
division  of  dicotyledonous  plants  in  which  the  flowers  possess 
both  calyx  and  corolla.  [+  Gr.  petalon,  leaf] — gam"o- 
phyl'lous,  a.  Bot.  Having  cohering  perianth-leaves.  [  + 
Gr.  phyllon,  leaf.]— gam"o-sep'a-Ious,  a.  Bot.  Having 
the  sepals  more  or  less  united;  monosepalous. 

-gamous,  suffix.  Derived  from  Greek  gamos,  marriage,  and 
used  extensively  in  botany  and  zoology,  signifying  uniting 
for  reproduction,  as  polygamous,  cryptogamous,  etc. 

gam'ut,  1  gam'ut;  2  gam'ut,  re.  The  diatonic  scale  of 
musical  notes;  the  whole  range  of  anything.  [<  LL. 
gamma  ut;  gamma  (<  Gr.  gamma),  third  letter  in  the  Greek 
alphabet;  ut,  syllable  used  for  first  note  in  singing  (now 
called  do),  <  L.  ut,  that.] 

gam'y,  1  gem'i;2  gam'y,  a.  1.  Having  the  flavor  of  game.  2. 
[Colloq.]  Full  of  pluck;  disposed  to  fight. 

gant,  imp.  of  gin,  v.    Began. 

gan'der,  1  gan'dar;  2  gan'der,  n.  A  male  goose.  [  <  AS. 
gandra,  gans*,  goose.] 

gang,  1  gan;  2  gang,  ri.  [Scot.]  To  go.— gang'»there=out", 
a.    Disposed  to  roam. 

gang,  re.  1.  A  number  of  persons  acting  or  operating  to- 
gether; a  group;  squad:  sometimes  implying  cooperation 
for  evil  purposes.  2.  A  set  of  tools  or  other  objects  of 
one  kind  operated  together.  3.  Mining.  Gangue.  [< 
AS.  gang,  a  going,  <  gangan,  go.] 

Syn.:  see  cabal. — gang-plank",  re.  A  temporary  bridge 
for  passengers  between  a  vessel  and  a  wharf. — g.=plow, 
g.ssaw,  etc.,  re.  Several  plowshares,  saws,  etc.,  arranged 
to  work  simultaneously. 

Gan'ges,  1  gan'jlz;  2  gan'ges,  n.  A  sacred  river  of  India, 
1.560  m.  from  Himalaya  mountains  to  Bay  of  Bengal. 

gan'gli-at"ed,  1  gao'gh-et"ed ;  2  gan'gli-af'ed,  a.  Possessing 
ganglia,    gaii 'gli-ate ; ;  gan'gli-on-at"edt. 

gan'gli-on,  1  gan'gh-an;  2  gan'gli-on,  n.  [gan'gli-onsz 
or  gan'gli-a,  pi.]  1.  Anat.  (1)  A  nodular  enlargement 
consisting  of  an  aggregation  of  nerve=cells.  (2)  A  gland* 
like  organ,  as  the  spleen.  2.  Pathol.  A  hard  globular 
tumor  proceeding  from  a  tendon.  [LL.,  <  Gr.  ganglion, 
tumor.]— gan"gli-on'ic,  a. 

gan'grel,  1  gan'grel;  2  gan'grel,  n.  1.  An  awkward  fellow.  2. 
A  wanderer;  vagrant.    [<  AS.  gangan,  go.]    gan'grellt. 

gan'grene,  1  garj'grin;  2  gan'gren.  I.  vt.  &  yi.  [gan'- 
obened;  gan'ghen"jng.]  To  cause  gangrene  in;  become 
affected  by  gangrene;  become  mortified.  II.  n.  The 
death  of  a  part;  tin  in  i  fcage  <>f  mortification.  [OF., 
<  Gr.  gangraina,  <  graino,  gnaw.)  —  gan'gre-nous,  a. 

gang(ue>',  1  gan;  2  gang,  re.  The  non-metalliferous  minerals 
found  in  a  vein  of  ore.    |1'\,  <  G.  gang,  gang.  3.] 

gang'way",  1  gar/we";  2  gang'wa",  ><.  1.  A  passageway, 
as  to  or  out  of  an  enclosure.  2.  Naut.  (1)  An  opening 
in  a  vessel's  bulwarks,  to  afford  entrance  Cor  freight,  etc. 
(2)  The  waist  of  ave    el 

gan'net,  1  gan'et;  2  g&n'St,  n.     1.  A  bird  related  to  the 
pelicans.    2.  [Florida.]    The  wood-ibis.     [ 
AS.  ganot;  cp.  DANDER.] 

gan'oid,    1    gan'eld;   2   gan'old,   a.     1.  Pertain- 
ing to  the  Ganoidei,  a  large  division  of  fishes, 
Including   sturgeons,    bowllns, 
etc.    2.  Having  an  enamel-like 
appearance,    as   the  scales  of  J&h 

such    flshea.     [<    Gr.    ganos, 
brightness.  +  -oid.] 

gant 'let1,    )  1  gant'let,  gant'-  /\&&& 

gauntlet,  J  l< ',  or  gantlet; 
2  gant'lfit,  gant'let.  <</'  gant'- 
let, n.  A  punishment,  Brown  Gannet.  >/u 
wherein  the  victim  ran  between  two  rows  of  men  who 
struck  him  with  clubs  as  he  passed;  hence,  a  series  of 
risks  or  unpleasant  events.  [<  Sw.  gala,  lane,  +  liipa, 
leap]    gant'lopcf. 

gant'lct2,  re.   Same  as  gauntlet1,    ganl'lettcf. 

Gan'y-mede,  1  gan'i-mld;  2  gan'y-med,  re.  (Jr.  Myth.  A 
beautiful  youth,  cup-liearer  to  Zeus. 

gaol,  gaol'er,  etc.    Same  as  jail,  etc. 


gap,  1  gap;  2  gap.  I.  vt.  [gapped1;  gap'ping.]  To  nick 
or  notch;  make  a  breach  in.  II.  n.  A  passage  or  aper- 
ture; breach;  break;  ravine.  [  <  Ice.  gap,  gap,  abyss,  < 
gapa,  gape.]    Syn.:  see  breach  ;  hole. 

gape,  1  gap  or  gep;  2  gap  or  gap.    I.m.    [gaped1;  gap'ing.] 

I.  To  open  the  mouth  wide,  as  in  yawning.  2.  To  pre- 
sent a  wide  opening,  as  a  chasm.    3f.  To  call  out;  shoui . 

II.  re.  The  act  of  gaping;  an  opening;  chasm;  fissure; 
especially,  in  zoology,  the  expanse  of  the  open  mouth,  as 
in  birds.  [  <  AS.  geapan,  gape,  open  wide,  <  geap, 
wide.] — gap'er,  re.  [gearwian,  <  gearn,  ready.] 

gar,  1  gar;  2  gar,  vt.    [Scot.]    To  cause;  make;  force.    [<  AS. 

gar,  re.  A  fish  with  spear-like  snout,  gar'lish  i  ;  gar'- 
piket-    [  <  AS.  gar,  spear.] 

G.  A.  B.,  abbr.    Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 

ga"rage',  1  ga"ra3'  or  gar'ij;  2  ga"razh'  or  gar'ag,  n.  A 
building  in  which  motor-vehicles  are  stored  and  cared 
for. 

garb,  1  garb;  2  garb,  n.  1.  A  complete  or  characteristic 
dress.  2.  The  outward  form  or  expression,  as  of  a  liter- 
ary work.  3.  External  seeming.  [<  OHG.OF  garawi, 
preparation,  garb.]    Syn.:  see  dress. 

gar'bage,  1  gar'bij ;  2  gar'bag,  n.  1.  Animal  or  household 
refuse.  2.  Low  or  vile  things  collectively.  [  <  OHG.OF 
garba,  sheaf.] 

gar'bel,  1  gar'bel;  2  gar'bel,  n.    A  garboard-plank. 

gar'ble, )  1  gar'bl;  2  gar'bl,  vt.    [gar'bl(e)df;  gar'bling.] 

gar'bP,  (  1.  To  change  injuriously,  as  a  paper;  mutilate; 
pervert.  2.  To  cull  or  assort,  so  as  to  leave  the  inferior. 
[  <  Ar.sp+oF  ghirbdl,  sieve.]  Syn.: see  pervert.— gar'bler,  n. 

gar  hoard.  1  gar'bord;  2  giir'bord,  n.  One  of  the  planks  on 
aship's  bottom   next  to  the  keel.      gar'lHianl   plank";. 

gar 'boil   .  re.    An  uproar;  commotion. 

gar"con',  1  gar"son';  2  gar'con',  n.     A  boy;  a  waiter. 

gar'den,  1  gdr'dn;2gar'dn.  l.vt.&vi.  To  cultivate;  till 
a  garden.  II.  re.  1.  A  place  for  the  cultivation  of  flow- 
ers, vegetables,  or  small  plants;  hence,  any  fertile  or 
highly  cultivated  territory.  2.  A  place  of  amusement 
ornamented  with  plants.  [<  OHG. OF  garto,  yard,  gar- 
den.]— gar'den-er,  n.  One  who  tends  gardens,  or  is  skilled 
in  gardening. — gar'den-ing,  re.  The  caring  for  a  garden; 
horticulture.    Syn.:  see  agriculture. 

Gar'di-ner,  lgar'di-nar;2giir'di-ner,  re.  1.  Samuel  Rawson 
(1829-1902),  an  English  historian.  2.  Stephen  (1483-1555), 
an  English  prelate  and  politician:  bishop  of  Winchester; 
Lord  Chancellor.  3.  Mount,  a  peak  In  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
S.  E.  California;  14,000  ft.  high.  _ 

gar'dy-Ioo,  1  gar'di-lu;  2  gar'dy-loo.  inter j.  [Scot.]  Beware 
of  the  water:  formerly  said  in  Edinburgh,  to  warn  passers-by 
to  avoid  slops  thrown  from  a  window. 

Gar'neld,  1  gar'flld;  2  ear'feld.  James  Abrani  (1831-18S1). 
A  President  of  the  United  States.    See  president. 

gar'nsb",  1  gar'fisTi";  2  gar'fish",  re.  A  flsh  with  a  spear»like 
snout,  as  a  garpike.    [<  gar,  re.,  +  fish.) 

Gar-gan'tu-a,  1  gar-gan'tiu-a;  2  gar-gan'tfi-a,  re.  In  Rabe- 
lais's  satire  of  that  name,  a  voracious  giant.  —  Gar-gan'tu- 
an,  a. 

gar'ga-rlsm,  1  gar'ga-rizm;  2  giir'ga-rism,  n.  Med.  A  gargle. 
[<  Gr.  gargarizo,  gargle.] 

gar'get,  1  gur'get;  2  giir'get,  re.  1.  A  distemper  in  cattle,  char- 
acterized by  swelling  of  the  throat.  2.  Inflammation  of  the 
udder  Jn  cows.  3.  The  pokeweed.  [< 
OF.  gargale,  throat,  <  gorge,  gouge] 

gar'gle,  )  lgar'gl;2gar'gl.   l.rl.  [gar' 

gar'glP,  J  gl(e)dpj    gab'gling.]     (l) 

To  rinse   (the  throat)  with  a  liquid 
agitated  by  air  from  the  windpipe. 
(2)  To  use  as  a  gargle.     II.  n.     A  „ 
liquid  for  gargling  the  throat.      [  <  °' 
OF.  gargouilb  r.  gargle.] 

gar'goyle,  1  gnr'goil;2gar'goyl,  n .  A  projecting  medieval 
st6ne  spout,  grotesquely  carved.  [<  OF.  gargouille, 
throat,  •-"  L.  gurgnlto(n-) ,  gullet  |     gar'goyled,  <i . 

Ga"rl-bal'dl,  1  ga"n-baTdI;  2  ga"rl-hiirdi,  re.  1.  Giuseppe 
(1S07-1882),  an  Italian  patriot;  secured  unity  of  Italy.  2. 
[g-]  A  loose  blouse-waist  resembling  those  worn  by  the  sol- 
diers of  Garibaldi. 

gar'ish,  1  gar'isTi;  2  gar'ish,  o.     1.  Marked  by  :i  dazzling 
glare.    2.  Displaying  a  gaudy  effect.    3.  Extrava 
conceited.    [Allied  to  gaze.]    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n 

gar  land,  1  gdr'land;  2  giir'land.  Id.  vt.  To  deck  or  fes- 
toon, as  with  a  garland.  II.  n.  1.  A  wreath  oi  leaves, 
flowers,  etc.,  as  a  token  of  victory,  joy,  or  honor.  2.  A 
collection  of  literary  gems.  3.  Something  resembling  a 
garland  or  wreath.    [  <  OF.  garlande.] 

gar 'lie,  1  gSr'hk;  2  gar  lie,  ».    A  hardy  bulbous  perennial 

of  the  same  genus  as  the  onion.     [<  AS.  g&r,  spear,     I 
ledc,  leek.]— gar 'llck-y,  a.    Of  or  like  garlic 
gar 'me  nt,  1  gnr'ment  or  -m  ant;  2  garment,  n.    An  article 
of   clothing.      [  <   OF.  garnernent,    <  gurnir,   GARNISH.] 
Syn.:  see  dress. 


K  jirnrr 


I  0      ■.    ,-«V   not.  fir;  full.  rOle;  bnt,  hftrn; 

,     ,         ,  ,       ,  k,  Ico;  1-8;  I  —  6;  go,  not,  Or,  won,       •»*> 


il-iur..    . 


I  i 

ibclllsh, 

.t  t.-it.l.-.     [< 
I  ir'nlsh- 

,    .-  hlch  garnishes 

tl  c  plain- 

.  ■         . 


Ii-t>.   . 

|  if   i.  r. 


arour* 

- 
..f  th 

X»rth.  . 


I 
I  debt  "r  prop- 

due  or  bclong- 
•.'.;  ■       ,  person) 

1 1  warned  not  to  paj 

int,  pending  :i  Judg- 
^.ir  i  i  I  - 1 1  -« r.         i  me  who  itarn 

..  384  in. 

l  river  In  S.  W    I  ranee; 

i  old  Han 

.    having  elon- 

• 

■  -.    or  r< >< ■  1 1 1  dir-  ctly 

•    :  ,  placi     il  refuge  ] 

I"  ivld  An  English 

I.  rt.     1.  To  man 

'.'.  i         ■         oldiers, 
II.  i      The  military  fi 
r  the  lik«- ;  also,  such  ;i  p 

! 

\\illlmi    Uoyd  -"  ■        An   American 

.   led  antialavery  agitation 

I.  [c  mi-hcit'kd1;  gar- 

1 .  2.  To  throttle 

II.  1 .    '.   - ;  ■ .    ial    instnu 

2.  Hei  ■  ingula- 

cudgel  ]     ga- 

..---il.  ^  ■  r-r ..  i    .  r.  \  gtxan- 

w  ho  throttles  tils  victim. 
. 

ibitually  loquacious.    ( < 

talkative,  verbose.    Oarru- 
it   trl\  Ial  talking.     CI 
and  unintelligible,  or  scarcely 
■>■  words  or 

dlsposl- 

indance  ol  words,  or 

:m  abundant  flow  of 

;   either 

th(     arrulotu 

bsorbed. 

Formal  than  ci 

iddrcBHes.     We  speak  of  a 

•   child,  a 

•.'     -;-  •  ■      ■         '  .    .•  'if:, 

l  i  - 1  •  ■  <  j  —  i  -  n-tous-ocas,  n.    gar-ru'- 

I  .  I.  To    put    a   garter 

itfa  the  badge 

II.  I .    \  band  worn 

v,  any 

Order 
iarter;  •  membership 

Ko't  ]  a  yard;  garden. 

1.  To 

or  give  off  gas.    2.  fSlang.j 

msease.   3.  MIL  To  ;  poisoned  by  gas 


ng,  i .  '  fluid  tending 

itcly;  especially,  mixture 

luniinnnl  or  as  a  fuel;  called  Illuminating' 

nit,  ■  1 1  •  - 1  k.in.  oi  heatlnffai.    ':.  [Colloq  |    \  single 

upplii  .1  bj  illuminating-goa     gas'.JH"; ; 

gnu  hghi '  .    3,  See  i  n  ..hin..  oas,  undi  i    i  u  oh,  p 

i  I  Impty    boasting;    chatter       />.  |<  lolloq  | 

\   term  im  ented  by  t  be   Bi  Igiao  ohomi  il 

i77—18 1 1    '     Bi  n.:  see  1 1 1  id     natural 

found  In  nature  beneath  the  earth's  sur- 

ll.i-'  brack"et,  n     I  bracket  bearing  oneormoregas- 

iiiirm  i       gas'  iiiini'Vr,  "     A  tip  attached  to  a  gas-Qxture 

f,.r  regulating  the  Dame  >>f  gas  as  it  Is  burned     gas  •coal,  n. 

\  iniiiiii us  coal  from  which  Illumlnatlng-gas  ma]    be 

k.i>  iiiu  I  in-,   n.     An   Internal-combustion   engine 

gas   hi  : 1 1 1 >    form       gasllttcr,  tl.     One  Who  Ills  and 

puts  ii i >  gtt8"flxtures.  gas-linings,  n,  pi,  The  appliances 
connected  with  the  Introduction  and  use  of  gai  In  a  building. 
gas  •fixture,  n,  a  tube,  with  burners  and  stopcocks,  con- 
■plpe,  gas>taelmet,  n,  a  protective 
bead-piece  worn  t >>-  soldiers  to  preveni  poisoning  by  noxious 
,  d  in  warfare,    gas  "holder,  n.    see  qasomxtbb 

gas'l-forni,  ii.     (laseous.      gas'i-f),  r.      gas"l-li-ca'llon, 

n.  gmsdet,  n.  1.  a  burner  on  a  gas-fixture,  2.  The  jet 
of  flame  on  a  gas-burner,  gas 'light",  n.  1.  Light  produced 
by  gas.  2.  a  gas-jet  or  -burner  gasdightlng,  n.  gas* 
main,  n.  a  trunk  gas-pipe  forconvej  Ing  gas  to  tin'  service" 
gas-man,  n.    1.  <  ine  w  ho  manufactures  or  supplies 

•.'.  A    gas-Ilttcr.      S.    In    mining,  our  who 

superintends  ventilation  and  guards  against  Ore-damp. — 

g.^  meter,  rt,    An  apparatus  for  measuring  the  quantity  of 

insumed  in  a  given  plan-  and  time,    gas  •pipe,  n.    A 

pipe   for  carrying   gas,  especially  Illumlnatlng-gas. — gas- 

■.and.  It.  Any  BandStone  that  contains  or  yields  natural 
gas-tank,  n.  Same  as  QABOMETBB.  gas=tar,  n. 
■  al-tar.— gas=tlght,  a.     Not  permitting  the  escape 

Of  gas:  said  of  gas-pipes,  gas-burners,  etc. — gas  swell,  n.    A 

well  from  which  natural  gas  flows.— gas=works,  n.  An 
11  tunenl   In  which  illuminating-gas  or  heating-gas  is 

made,     gas'sy,  a.  Characteristic  of  or  Impregnated  with  gas. 
gas.,  abbr.     Gasoline. 
g.is"con-ade',  1  gas"k8n-ed';2g3s"con-ad'.    I.  vi.    |-ad'- 

EDd;  -ad'ing.)     To  vaunt  oneself;  brag;  bluster.     II.  n. 

Boastful    or    blustering    talk;   boasting;   braggadocio; 

bluster.     [F.,  <  Gascon,  Gascon.]— gas"con-ad'er,  n. 
Gas'co-ny,  1  gas'ko-m;  2  gas'eo-ny,  n.    A  former  province, 

8.  w.  France.—  Gas 'con,  a.  — Gas 'con,  n.    1.  A  native  of 
lony.     2.  [g-]  A  boaster. 
gas'e-ous,  1  gas'i-us;  2  gas'e-us,  a.    1.  Haying  the  nature 

■  .r  form  nf  gas;  aeriform.     2.  Unsubstantial. 
gash,  1  gasn;  2  gash.    I1,  vt.    To  make  a  long  deep  cut  in. 

II.  n.     A  long  deep  incision;  a  flesh-wound.     [<  Gr.OF 

eharassO,  scratch.)    Syn.:  see  cut. 
rashly,  a.  [Prov.  Eng.]  Ghastly,    gash:  [Scot.]. 
Gas'kell,  1  gas'kel;  2  gas'kel.  Elizabeth  C.  (nee  Stevenson) 

1810-1865).    An  English  novelist;  CTanford. 
gas'kel,  a.     1.  A  ring  or  disk  of  packing  to  make  :i  joint 

water-tight,    gas'kingt.  2.  A  rope  or  cord  used  to  con- 
fine furled  sails.    [Appar.  <  F.  garcette,  cat»o'-niiie=lails.] 
gas 'kins,  l  gas'kinx;  2  gas'kin.s,  n.  pi.     1.  Hemp  packing  or 

the  like       'it.   Same  as  GALLIGASKINS. 

gas'o-liiit',  |  1  gas'o-lin  or  -lin;  2  gas'o-lln  or  -lin,  n.     A 

gas'o-lin*,  )  colorless,  volatile,  inflammable  product  dis- 
tilled from  petroleum,     gas'o-lenej. 

gas-om'e-ter,  1  gas-em'i-tsr;  2  gSs-6m'e-ter,  n.  A  tank 
for  storing  or  an  apparatus  for  mixing  or  measuring 
gas-om'e-try,  n.    The  measurement  of  gases, 

gasp,  1  gasp;  2  gasp.  I',  vt.  &  vi.  To  utter  or  emit  bro- 
kenly .-11111  painfully;  breathe  convulsively,  as  from  ex- 
haustion or  fear.  II.  n.  An  act  of  convulsive  and  inter- 
rupted breathing.     [<  Ice.  (jeispa.  yawn.] 

gasit,  i/.  To  terrify,  compare  aghast,  gast'ert. — gast'- 
ne>s,  n.    Terror;  gbastliness. 

g.is'ler-o-,  /  1   gas'tor-o-,  gas'tr-,  gas'tro-;  2  gas'ter-o-, 

gas'tr-,         /■  gas'tr-,  gas'tro-.     From  Greek  iinshr,  stom- 

gas'iro-.     )ach:  combining  forms. — gas'ter-o-pod.   I. 

a.     <>t  or  pertaining  to  the  Gasteropoda.     II.  n.    One  of  the 
gas'tro-podj.  —  Gas"ter-op'o-da,     n.     pi. 

i  'onch.  A  division  of  mollusks,  including  all  snails  and  slugs. 

[+  Or.  pons,  foot.)    Gas-trop'o-dat.— gas"t<'r-op'o-dan, 

o    A-  n.  —  gas"ter-op'o-dous,  a.     gas-trop'o-doust. 
gag 'tile,  1  gas'tnk;  2  gas'trie,  a.     Of,  pertaining  to,  or 

near  the  stomach.      [  <  Gr.L  gaster,  stomach] — gastrie 

fever.     1.   A   bilious  remittent   fever;   harvest-fever.     2. 

Vi  ii  if  dyspepsia. — g.  Juice  or  Juices  {Physiol.),  a  thin  add 

fluid  secreted  by  the  glands  of  the  stomach:  the  chief  dlges- 

tlvc  fluid,  acting  mainly  on  proteids. 
gas-trl'tls,  1  gas-trai'tis  or  -tri'tis;  2  gas-trt'tls  or  -tri'tis.  n. 

Inflammation    of   the   stomach.      [<    Gr.    gastlr    (gastr-), 

stomach.) — gas- trifle,  a. 
gas-tron'o-my,  1  gas-tren'o-mi;  2  gas-troa'o-my,  n.  The 


1:3  =  final;    1  =  habit;    al.sle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  fei«i;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  siriff;    thin,   this. 
343        2:  wolf,  df>;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this. 


gafnef 
gear 


art  of  preparing  and  serving  appetizing  food;  hence,  the 
art  of  good  eating;  epicurism.  [<  Gr.F  gaster,  stom- 
ach, 4-  nomos,  law.]  —  gas-tron'o-mer,  n.  An  epicure. 
gas'tro-nomet;  gas-tron'o-mlst  t. — gas"tro-nom'ic,  a. 
gas"tro-nom  'I-cal  t  • 

gas'tru-la,  1  gas'tru-la;  2  gas'tru-la,  n.  [-l.e,  -li  or  -16,  pi] 
That  embryonic  form  of  metazoic  animals  which  consists  of 
a  two=layered  sac  enclosing  a  central  cavity  and  having  an 
opening  at  one  end.  [Dim.  of  L.  gaster,  <  Gr.  gaster,  belly.) 
— gas'tru-lar,  a. 

gatt,  imp.  of  get,  o.    Got. 

gate1,  1  get;  2  gat,  n.  1.  A  movable  barrier,  commonly 
swinging  on  hinges:  often  distinguished  from  a  door  by 
having  openwork.  2.  An  opening  or  passageway,  as  in 
a  barrier,  fence,  wall,  or  enclosure;  a  portal.  3.  A  moun- 
tain gap  or  natural  passageway.  4.  That  which  gives 
or  affords  access;  hence,  power;  supremacy;  as,  the 
gates  of  hell.  5.  A  frame  in  which  a  saw  (or  set  of  saws) 
is  stretched.  6.  A  valve  controlling  the  water  supply  of 
a  water=wheel  or  the  like.  [  <  AS.  geat,  gate,  opening, 
<  gitan,  get.)  Syn.:  see  entrance.— gate'way",  n.  1.  An 
entrance  that  is  or  may  be  closed  with  a  gate.  2.  That 
which  is  regarded  as  a  means  of  ingress  or  egress.  3.  The 
guides  of  a  saw=frame.    Syn.:  see  entrance. 

gate2,  n.  1.  [Scot.)  (1)  Method  of  doing;  manner;  way.  (2) 
A  course  or  path.    2t.  Style  of  walking.    [  <  Ice.  gala,  way.] 

Gates,  1  gets;  2  gats,  Horatio  (172S-1S06).  An  American 
general;  defeated  Burgoyne  at  Saratoga. 

Gates 'head,  1  gets'hed;  2  gats'hed,  n.  An  ancient  seaport 
town  in  N.  E.  England:  has  Roman  remains;  pop.  118.000. 

gath'er,  1  gath'ar;  2  gath'er,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  bring  to- 
gether; cause  to  assemble;  collect.  2.  To  deduce  by 
mental  process;  infer.  3.  To  select;  pick;  cull.  4.  To 
draw  into  folds  or  plaits,  as  by  shirring.  5.  To  ac- 
quire in  increasing  amount  or  degree;  gain.  II.  i.  1. 
To  form  an  aggregation  by  coming  together;  congregate. 
2.  To  extend  or  grow  by  accretion;  accumulate.  3.  To 
come  to  a  head;  concentrate.  4.  To  contract;  close  in,  as  a 
drain.  [  <  AS.  gsedrian,  gaderian,  <  gador,  geador, 
together,  <  gsed,  company.)  Syn.:  see  amass;  convoke. — 
gath'er-a-bKeP,  a.—  gath'er-ing,  n.  1.  That  which  is 
gathered  or  brought  together.  Specifically:  (1)  An  assem- 
blage. (2)  An  abscess.  (3)  A  collection  or  contribution. 
(4)  The  contraction  of  a  chimney,  drain,  or  the  like.  2. 
The  act  or  operation  of  collecting  or  concentrating.  Syn.: 
see  assembly;  company. 

gath'er,  n.  A  plait  or  fold  In  cloth,  held  by  a  thread  passing 
through  the  folds. 

gath'er-er,  n.    One  who  or  that  which  gathers. 

Ga-tun',  1  ga-tun':  2  ga-tun',  n.  A  town  in  Canal  Zone, 
Panama.— Gatun  dam,  a  dam  of  the  Panama  Canal,  8,000 
ft.  long  which  serves  to  form  G.  lake,  area  171  sq.  m. 

gauche,  1  goSh;  2  gosh.  a.  LefWianded;  hence,  awkward; 
clumsy;  boorish.  [F..  <  OHG.  welch,  weak.) — gauche"- 
rie',  n.    An  awkward  action;  clumsiness. 

Gau'eho,  1  gcu'cTio;  2  gou'cho,  n.  [S.=Am.  Sp]  A  native  of 
the  South«American  pampas  of  Spanish  ancestry:  a  cowboy. 

gaud,  1  god;  2  gad,  n.  An  article  of  vulgar  finery.  [<L. 
gatldium,  joy,  <  gaudeo,  rejoice.) 

Syn.:  bauble,  finery,  gewgaw,  glmcrack,  kickshaw,  toy, 
trinket,  trumpery. — gaud'y,  a.  [gaud'i-er;  GATjp'I-EST.j 
Obtrusively  brilliant  in  color;  garish;  flashy. — gaud'1-ly, 
adv.  —  gaud'l-ness,  n. 

gauffer,  gauf'fer-lng,  etc.    Same  as  goffer,  etc. 

gauge,  giMi'ger,  etc.    Same  as  gage.  etc. 

Gaul,  1  gf>l;  2  gal,  n.  1.  An  ancient  territory,  embracing  what 
is  now  N.  Italy,  France,  Belgium,  and  parts  of  Holland, 
Switzerland,  and  Germany.  2.  A  native  of  Gaul;  also, 
specif.,  a  Frenchman.  [thing  sticky. 

gaum,  1  gom;  2  gam,  vt.  [Prov.  Eng.]  To  smear  as  with  some- 

gaun,  pi>r.  of  go,  v.  [Scot.)  Going. 

gaunt,  1  gunt  or  gent;  2  giint  or  gant,  o.    1.  Emaciated, 
as  from  lack  of  food;  lank;  lean;  meager;  thin.     2.  Pro- 
ducing emaciation;  famishing;  wasting.    [Pmb.  Soand.] 
Syn.:  emaciated,  famished,  hungry,  lank,  lean,  meager, 
pinched,  thin,  wan,  wasted.    See  meager,  -ly, adv.  -ness.n. 

gaunt  'lot1, 1  gfint'let  or  gent 'let;  2  gftntlrSt  »r  gant'lSt,  n. 
1.  A  knight's  leather  glove  covered  with  metal  plates.  2. 
A  modern  glove  with  long  wrist'extension;  also,  the 
wristlet.  [Also  gantlet,  <  ]).'■'■""'  want,  mitten.J— to 
throw  or  tllng  down  (he  gauntlet,  to  challenge  to  com- 
bat  or  contest,    gaunt'let-ed,  a. 

gauntlet*,  ».    Same  as  gantlet1. 

gaun 'try,  ]  gSn'tn;  2  gan'try,  n.  [gaun'trieb*,  pi.]  Mech. 
1.  The  frame  of  a  traveling  crane,  or  the  crane  and  frame. 
'£.  a  framework  for  supporting  railway  signals.    See  lllus.  in 

next  COl.     .1-  A    frame   lo   hold   a   barrel    horizontally.     [< 

iimni,  contr.  ol  GALLON,  +-  tkee.I     gan'tryt;  gauii'trecl. 

gauss,  1  gnus;  2  gous.  n.    Elec.   A  unit  of  magnetic  Intensity. 

[<  K.  F.  Gauss  (1777-I.s.r)r,),  Qer.  mathematician.] 
Gaii'ta-ma,  i  gS'[or gau'jts-ms; 2 ga'[or gou'Jta-ma, n.   Bud- 
dha.   See  Buddii/.    Go'tu-mat. 


Gau"tler',  1  go'tye';  2  go'tye'.  Theophile  (1811-1872).  A 
French  novelist;  Mademoiselle  de  Maupin. 

gauze, )  1  gez;  2  gaz,  n.    A  light  open=woven  fabric,  as  of 

gauzp,  J  cotton,  silk,  or  wire:  'ised  also  adjectivally.  [< 
F.  gaze,  gauze.)  — 
gauz'y,  a.  Thin  and 
diaphanous  like  gauze. 
Syn.:  see  fine.  — 
gauz'i-ness,  n. 

gave,  imp.  of  give,  v. 

gav'el,  1  gav'el;  2 
gav'61,  n.  1.  A  ma- 
sons' mallet;  also, 
that  used  by  a  pre- 
si  ding  officer.  2. 
An  unbound  bundle 
of  grain.  [  <  OF. 
gazelle,  sheaf,  ult.  < 
L.  capio,  take.) 

gav'e-lock,  1  gav'a-lok;  2  gav'e-16k,  n.  1.  [North.  Eng.]  An 
iron  crowbar.  2t.  A  pike;  spear;  dart.  [  <  AS.  ga/eluc,  spear.) 

ga'vi-al,  1  ge'vi-sl;  2  ga'vi-al,  n.  The  great  Indian  croco- 
dile, having  long  slender  jaws,  the  upper  one  knobbed  at 
the  end.     [<   Hind,  ghariyal,  crocodile.] 

gav'ot,  1  gav'at  or  ga-vet';  2  gav'ot  or  ga-vot',  n.  A  dignified 
tho  vivacious  French  dance,  resembling  the  minuet;  also 
music  appropriate  to  such  a  dance.  [<  F.  gavotte,  <  Gavot,  in- 
habitant  of  Gap  (town  in  France).]    ga-vot'tat;  ga-votte't 

Ga'wain,  1  go'wen;  2  ga'wan,  n.  A  Knight  of  the  Round 
Table;  nephew  of  king  Arthur. 

gawdf,  gaw'dyt,  etc.    Same  as  gaud,  etc. 

gawk,  1  gek;  2  gak.  I1,  vi.  To  stare  or  behave  awk- 
wardly and  stupidly.  II.  n.  An  awkward,  stupid  fel- 
low. [<  Ice.  gaukr,  cuckoo.] — gawk'y.  I.  a.  Awk- 
ward and  dull;  clownish;  clumsy.  Syn.:  see  awkward.  II. 
n.  [gawk'iesz,  pi.)  A  gawk. — gavvk'i-ly,  adv. — gawk'l- 
ness,  n.  [2.  Comfortable;  ample. 

gaw'sle,  1  ge'sr,  2  ga'sl,  a.  [Dial.  Brit.)  1.  Comely;  pleasant. 

gay,  1  ge;  2  ga,  a.  1.  Filled  with  or  inspiring  mirth; 
merry;  sportive.  2.  Brilliant;  showy.  3.  Loving  plea- 
sure; wanton.     [<  OHG.OF  gahi,  quick,  sudden.] 

Syn.:  see  airy;  cheerful;   happy;   merry;   vivacious; 
wanton.     _  [gay,  a.}    geyt. 

gay,  1  gai;  2  gy,  adv.  [Scot.]  Fairly;  considerably;  quite.    [< 

Gay,  John  (1685-1732).    An  English  poet. 

gay'e-ty,  gay'ly.    Same  as  gaiety,  gaily. 

Gaz.,  abbr.    Gazette,  gazetteer. 

Ga'za,  1  ge'za;  2  ga'za.  n.  Town  in  Palestine  where  Turks 
were  defeated  by  the  British  March  27,  1917. 

gaze,  1  gez;  2  gaz.  I.  vi.  [gazed;  gaz'ing.]  To  look 
earnestly  and  steadily,  as  in  scrutiny,  admiration,  or 
concern.  II.  n.  1.  A  continued  or  intense  look.  2. 
Something  gazed  at.  [  <  Sw.  dial,  gasa,  gaze.] 
Syn.:  see  look. — at  gaze,  in  a  gazing  attitude;  in  the  act 
of  looking  round  with  fear  or  apprehension,  as  a  stag  on 
hearing  hounds. — gaze'hound",  n.  A  hound  that  hunts 
by  sight. — gaz'er,  n. 

ga-zel',     \  1  ga-zel';  2  ga-z61',  n.     A  small,  delicately 

ga-zelle',  )  formed  antelope,  with  recurved  horns  and 
large,  gentle  eyes.     [OF.,  <  Ar.  ghazal, 

ga-zette%  )  1  ga-zet';  2  ga-zet'.  I.  vt.    [g 

ga-zet'p,    )  TEDd;  gazet'ting.J_    To   report 
ficially;  hence,  to  appoint, 
paper,  or  printed  account  of 
especially    [G-],   the    official 
government    newspaper,    as 
in  London,  Dublin,   or   Ed- 
inburgh, containing   officia 
lists    of     honors,     appoint- 
ments, etc.     2.    [Eng.]  Any/ 
official  announcement.      [  < 
It.    gazzelta.]  —  gaz"ct-(ccr\ 
n.     1.  A    dictionary    of    geo- 
graphical names.      2.  A  writer 
or  contributor   of  news  for  a 
gazette. 

G.  B.,  abbr.    Great  Britain.— G. 

B.  &  I.,  abbr.  <  ireal  Britain 
and  Ireland.  G.  C,  abbr.  Grand  Chancellor,  Grand  Chap- 
lain, Grand  Chapter,  Grand  Council,  a.  C.  B.,  abbr. 
( irand  <  'ross  of  the  Hath.  g.  c.  d.,  abbr.  <  Ireatesl  common 
divisor. — g.  c.  m.,  abbr.    Greatesi  common  measure,     <;. 

C.  M.  G.,  abbr.     (  Irand  <  'ross  of  Si .  M  ieli.-iel  :ind  St.  <  ieorge. 

— G.  C.  S.  I.,  abbr.    (irand  Commander  of  the  [Order  of 
the]  Star  of  India. — G.D.,a66r.  <  Irand  i  >uchess,<  irand  nuke. 

Ge,  1  JI  <ir  ge;  2  ge.  or  ge.  n.   Gr.  Myth,   Same  UB  I  Iks. 

gear,  l  gir;  2  gSr,  v,  I.  t.  I.  To  equip;  make  ready ;  har- 
ness; dress.    2.  Mich.  To  put  into  gear.    II.  t.  Mech.To 

come  into  or  be  in  g{    li 
gear,    n .     1.      Mich.      Any  set  of    appliances,   ;is  of    cog« 

wheels,  serving  to  transmit  motion  or  change  its  rate  or 


Gaael 


£«-|il  Ir 


I  i  •  •        <•      Ar;    full,  rOlc;    lull,  l.flrii; 

i      i-,l-6;   I b  c,  k«».  ndt,  hi,  wi'iii. 


:i44 


ji-ni  i-ni-. 


- 

i 

■ 

i 

•  rom  the 
of  future 

Mr  irrhlbald  \  British 

:  i  rallied 
etc 

■  coming 

\   bard,   trans- 

■  I   from 
h   iwi  lis  to  :i  jellylike 

I  <  L.r 
ge-lal  i-ii  ii. . 

.  -like  substai 
ge-lal  i-mI/i        -iil>.-   .     Kr- 
gel'a- 

-ljl'l-l|.MI--l>.  gl'-Ul   'l-IIU|l  — ||l'*s. 

>.i  i.p'im;.]     1. 

'.'.    .  I  comb 

!        get  da,  costi 

lil;  frigidity.     gcl'ld- 
t  1  lil-l  |  . 

I  -.i'mino.]     To 

II.         1 .  A  pre- 
•     ia  an 

■  ork  uf  litera- 

gem'my,         l. 

•  a  gem;  bright; 

l  only  In 

dim.  of 

.     B'el  ring",  n.     A  ring 

m'i-nl-. 

■i-.    a    twin:    combining 

•  w  In.  aa  leaves. 


■  ■      ' 
(.duplicating.    (<  L.  gemiwr 


gen 


The 
pet- 


ition, the 
riON. 

by  buds. 

l£.  ni-mlp'ar-oii-..      g.  in  'mold,     a. 

1 . 
th  which 
■  period 

ill  bud  or 

' 

I 

•  in.    [< 

'-lean  ari- 
[U.,  < 

gen., 

roily,  generic,  genus. — 


gt  ii   dol  in«    .  i  .i  in'  or 

■    S  "|i  Mi  Ml  §',    i.l    \s    |,'  Ml  Ml   1,    ;i/   |     (  )rlg- 
I  IV,      ii  :il  in.  .1  poliOO- 

tiii-ilirin'ir-li',  n,     Gendarmes  colleo- 

W    II-. I. II   Ml     ■    I  -  V 

gt  ii  il.r,    I  |        Po  bogct;  .in',  n.  I.  i  ; 

p,  begot.]  Syn  :  see  propaq mi 

gen 'dor,  I.  I  i      \  property   ol  certain  words 

ndicote  thi     ex,  oi  ,  of  I  bol 

which  thej  \  dj     notion  of  words  into 

ulino,  feminine,  neuter,  and  otl  lh  thej 

in  forma  and  syntax,    '-J.  [Colloq  |  Sex     I       I   '  ' 

. .  .  i  \  i  -  i 

..  r  is  a  distinction  among  living  beings:  it  is 
the  characteristic  bj  which  beings  are  dis- 

tinguished fr.  mi  Inanimate  things,  whloh  are  of  no  sex;  u<  nder 
tlon  in  language  partially  corresponding  to  this 
dlstlm  ture;  while  there  are  bul  two  \exes,  there 

urr  iii  some  languages,  as  In  English  and  <  lerman,  three  gen- 
i  ■■•  i  i  ■  mi- 1 1  language  has  but  two  g\  ndt  rs  and  mokes 
the  Dames  of  all  Inanimate  objects  either  masculine  ..r  fem- 
inine, We  Bpeak  of  the  masoullne  or  feminine  gender,  the 
male  "r  female  »i  x . 
geneol.,  Genealogist. genes 

gen'V-al  ii-irj .  1   i.  n '        I  il'o-Sy,  Tl      l-'.ii-.', 

;./ )    1.  \  record  ol  cestor;  a  list  of 

d  their  di    cendanl       '.'.  I  '■    i  enl  in  a  direct 
line;  pedigree     3.  The  science  thai  treats  ol  pedigrees, 
. .'       tea,  race;  and  Bee  -looi  i    gen"e-a-Iog'l-col,  <i 
gin"r-.i-iog'ii:.    gen"e-al'o-glst,  n.    one  versed  In  gen- 
ealogies. 

gen'e-ra.n.    Plural  of  qbnus.   [L.l 

gi-n'i'r-a-iil.i'i-,  i  Jen'er-a-bl;  2  gen'er-o-bl,  a.    Capable  ol 
being  generated.    [•    L.generabU  <     eeati   | 

gen'er-al,  1  jen'ar-i  J.    I.  a.    1.  Pertaining  to 

a  genus  or  kind;  relating  to  all  ol  a  class.    'I.  Pertaining 
to  the  majority;  widespread,    3.  Large  in  Bcope,  mean- 
ing, nr  contents;  indefinite.     4.  Common;  customarj 
5.  Viewed  as  a  whole.    D.  n,    1.  Mil.  (1)  An  officer  who 
commands  any  body  oi  troops  nol  less  than  a  brigade. 
(2)  A  roll  "t  the  drum  to  call  troops  together.    2.  A  gi  n 
I  rinciple  or  statement.    3.  That  which  inclv 
lass  or  kind.    4  .  The  people  or  the  public;  the  vul- 
gar.   [  <  L."  ,  of  or  belonging  to  a  kind.] 

Syn.;  common,  commonplace,  customary,  everyday,  famil- 
iar, frequent,  habitual,  normal,  ordinary,  popular,  prevalent, 
public,  universal,  usual.  <  'ommon  Blgnlfles  frequently  occur- 
rlng,  nol  out  ol  the  regular  course,  not  exceptional;  hence, 
not  above  the  average,  not  excellent  or  distinguished,  in- 
ferior, or  even  low;  common  also  Blgnlfles  pertaining  to  or 
participated  in  by  two  or  more  persons  or  things;  as,  sorrow 
Is  common  to  the  race.     G  ma      signify   i>  rtalning 

equally  to  all  of  a  class,  race,  etc..  but  often  Blgnlfles  per- 
taining to  the  greater  number,  but  not  necessarily  to  all. 
o  sii  without  exception;  gem  ml  applies  to 
all  with  possible  or  comparatively  slight  exceptions;  common 
applies  to  very  many  without  deciding  u  bet  her  they  are  all, 
d  a  majority,  a  common  remark  is  one  we  often  hear; 
a  general  experience  Is  one  that  comes  to  the  majority  of 
people;  a  un  one  from  which  do  human 

helm,'  Is  exempt.     It  is  dangerous  for  a  debater  to  affirm  a 
■il  proposition,  since  that  can  lie  negOl  ived  by  a  single 

i  m  no1  Invalidated  even 

by  adducing  many  exceptions.  We  say  a  common  opinion, 
common  experience,  a  general  rule,  general  truth,  a  writ*  al 
law.  Compare  coumon;  frequent;  babitual;  normal: 
usual. — Ant.:  exceptional,  Infrequent,  odd.  peculiar,  queer, 
rare,  singular.  Btronge,  uncommon,  unfamiliar,  unknown, 

unparalleled,  un  precedent  ed,  unusual. 

gen"er-al'l-ty,    n.      [-TOE8*,    pi.]      1.   The   main   part; 

majority,  'i.  a  general  statement  3.  The  Btate  of  being 
general  or  generalized,  gen'er-al-tyj  [Rare],  -gcn"er- 
al-l-/.a  '  r  -sa'ltlini,  n.  The  act  of  generalizing;  a  general 
Inference:  an  induction.  —  gen  'er-al-ize,  i.  [-1ZED;  -izTng.) 
I.  I.  To  make  or  treat  as  general  or  universal;  infer  (a  gen- 
eral low)  from  particulars.  II.  f.  1.  To  form  objects  Into 
.  form  general  ideas  or  notions.  8.  To  draw  infer- 
gen'er-al-lset.  gcii'er-al-iz"er,-ls"er,  n. — gen'- 
er-al-ly,  adv.     1 .  I  or  the  most  pari ;  ordinarily.    3.  Without 

going  Into  particulars,   3.  So  as  to  Include  or  apply  to  all:  col- 
lectively,   -gen'er-al-ship,  n      \  general's  office,  rank,  or 
01    "  ateg    ;  leadership. 
gen"er-al-ls'gi-mo,  1  jen'sr-el-is'i-mo;  2  fcen'Sr-al-Ksl- 

mo,n.    A,  supreme  military  commander.    |li  ] 
gen'er-ate,  1  jen'ar-gt;  2  gen'Sr-at,  vt.     (-at"ki/1;  -at"- 
iN«i]    JLToprodui  'J.  To  beget.    3.  Math.  To 

I  ■■.   motion,  as  a  moving  point  generates  a  line,  a 
moving  lire  I,  generatus,  pp.  of  gen- 

Syn.:  see  produce;  propagate. — gen"er-a'- 
tlon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  generating  in  any  sense;  reproduc- 
tion; origination.  Z.  A  step  In  descent;  the  body  of  Individ- 
uals existing  at  one  time,  or  their  average  lifetime.    3.  Race 


1:3  =  final;    I  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    IQ  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  aing;    Chin,   this. 
345  2:wglf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


geek 
gentle 


or  family.  4.  Progeny.  5.  Math.  The  formation  of  a  ge- 
ometrical magnitude  by  the  motion  of  a  point,  line,  or  sur- 
face.— gen'er-a-tiv(eB,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  generation; 
having  power  to  produce  or  originate. — gen'er-a"tor,  re. 
One  who  or  that  which  generates,  especially  a  machine  for 
the  production  of  gas  or  electricity. 

ge-ner'ic,  1  ji-ner'ik;  2  ge-ner'ie,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  a 
genus  or  a  class  of  related  things:  opposed  to  specific. 
2.  Having  a  general  application.  3.  Pertaining  to  gen- 
der. [<  L.  genus;  see  genus.]  ge-ner'i-calt. — 
ge-ner'1-cal-ly,  adv. 

gen'er-ous,  1  jen'ar-ns;  2  gen'er-us,  a.  1.  Giving  or  be- 
stowing heartily  and  liberally;  chivalrous.  2.  Cheer- 
ing or  stimulating,  as  wine.  3.  Of  good  descent:  said  of 
men  or  animals.  [OF.,  <  L.  geiierosus,  of  noble  birth.] 
Syn.:  bountiful,  chivalrous,  disinterested,  free,  free* 
handed,  free-hearted,  liberal,  magnanimous,  munificent, 
noble,  open=handed,  open»hearted.  Generous  (L.  genus,  a 
race)  primarily  signifies  having  the  qualities  worthy  of  noble 
or  honorable  birth;  hence,  free  and  abundant  in  giving,  giv- 
ing freely,  heartily,  and  seLf'Sacrlflcingly.  As  regards  giving, 
generous  refers  rather  to  the  self=sacrihcing  heartiness  of  the 
giver,  liberal  to  the  amount  of  the  gift;  a  child  may  show  him- 
self generous  in  the  gift  of  an  apple,  a  millionaire  makes  a 
liberal  donation;  a  generous  gift,  however,  is  commonly 
thought  of  as  both  ample  and  hearty.  A  munificent  gift  is 
vast  in  amount,  whatever  the  motive  of  its  bestowal.  One 
may  be  free  with  another's  money;  he  can  be  generous  only 
with  his  own.  Disinterested  suggests  rather  the  thought  of 
one's  own  self»denial.  One  is  magnanimous  by  a  greatness 
of  soul  (L.  magnus,  great,  and  animus,  soul)  that  rises  above 
all  that  is  poor,  mean,  or  weak,  and  thus  above  resentment 
of  injury  or  insult. — Ant.:  avaricious,  close,  covetous,  greedy, 
Ignoble,  Illiberal,  mean,  miserly,  niggardly,  parsimonious, 
penurious,  petty,  rapacious,  stingy. 

— gen"er-os'l-ty,  re.  [-tiesz,  pi.]  The  quality  of  being 
generous;  liberality;  a  generous  act.  Syn.:  see  benevolence. 
— gen 'er-ous-ly,  adv. 

Gen"e-see',  1  jen"i-sl';2gen"e-se',  re.  A  river  In  Pennsylvania 
and  New  York;  length,  140  m.  to  Lake  Ontario. 

gen'e-sis,  1  jen'i-sis;  2  gSn'e-sis,  n.  [-sesz,  pi.]  1.  The 
act  or  mode  of  originating;  creation;  origin;  beginning. 
2.  [G-]  The  first  book  of  the  Old  Testament  and  the  first 
of  the  Pentateuch.  [  <  Orogenesis,  origin] — ge-net'ic, 
a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  based  on  genesis  or  origin.  2.  Pertain- 
ing to  evolution,  specialization,  or  heredity.  ge-net '1-cal  J. 

ge-net'1,  1  ji-net';  2  ge-net',  n.     1.  A  civet=like  carnivore, 
smaller  than  a  true  civet.    2.  The  fur  of 
the  genet.    [<  F.  genetic,  <  Sp.  gincla, 

<  At.  jarneit,  genet.] 
gen'et2,  1  jen'et;  2  gen'et,  n.    A  small 

Spanish  horse;  jennet.     [<  OF.  genette, 

<  Sp.    ginete,   nag, 
perhaps   <   Ar.  Ze- 

nata,  a  tribe  of  Bar-  Genet  (1).     Vis 

bary.] 

ge-ne'vax,  1  ji-ni'va;  2  ge-ne'va,  re.  Gin,  especially  Holland 
gin.    [<  F.  gcnUvre,  <  h.juniperus,  juniper.] 

Ge-ne'va2,  n.  A  canton  (108  sq.  m.;  pop.  154,000)  and  city 
(pop.  126,000)  of  S.  W.  Switzerland.  —  Geneva  conventiou, 
a  convention  of  the  principal  European  powers  in  1864  and 
1865,  providing  for  a  more  humane  treatment  of  sick  and 
wounded  soldiers  in  time  of  war,  and  for  the  protection  of  the 
ambulance  service. — Lake  of  G.,  the  largest  lake  (225  sq. 
m.)  In  Switzerland. 

Ge-ne'van,  1  ji-ni'van;  2  ge-ne'van.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  Ge- 
neva, Switzerland,  or  the  theology  taught  there  by  Calvin. 
II.  n.    1.  A  native  or  Inhabitant  of  Geneva.    2.  A  Calvlnist. 

Gen"e-vese',  1  jen"i-vls';  2  gen"e-ves',  a.  &  re.    Genevan. 

Gen'gbls  Khan,  1  Jen'gia  kan;  2  geh'gls  kan  (1 164-1227).  A 
Mongol  conqueror  of  N.  China,  Persia,  etc.    Gen'gbizt. 

ge'ni-al,  1  ji'm-al  or  jin'yal;  2  ge'ni-al  or  gen'yal,  a.  1. 
Kindly  in  disposition;  cordial  and  pleasant  in  manner. 
2.  Imparting  warmth,  comfort,  or  vigor;  cheering.  3. 
Pertaining  to  or  presiding  over  marriage;  nuptial.  [< 
L.  genialis,  of  one's  tutelary  deity  ]  Syn.:  Bee  bland;  CHEER- 
FUL; COMFORTABLE;  fiuendly;  good.— ge'nl-al'1-ty,  n. — 
gc"nl-al-ly,  adv. 

-genie,  tufflx.  1  rum  the  Greek  genesii:  used  In  the  sense  of 
relating  to  generation  or  production. 

ge-nlc'u-late,  1  Ji-nlk'yu-Iit;  2  ge-nlo'yii-lat.  a.  Having  knee* 
like  joints  or  protuberances.  [<  L.  geniculatus,  pp.,<  genu, 
knee.]  — gc-nke"u-la'tlon,  n. 

ge'nlc',  1  jl'ni;  2  ge'ne,  re.  [GE'NI-I,  pi.:  by  confusion  with  L. 
pi.  of  genius2.]    Same  as  jinnee. 

ge'nle2,  n.    [OF.]    Genius;  bent  of  mind,    ge'nlet- 

ge'nl-l,  1  Jl'm-al;  2  gC'nl-I,  re.  1.  Plural  Of  GENIUS*.  2.  Jinn: 
as  plural  of  genie1,  by  confusion  with  the  l.alin  genii  and 
the  French  genie.    See  jinnee.    [L.] 

gen'i-tal,  1  jen'l-tal;  2  gfin'i-tal.     I.  a.    Of  or  pertaining 
to  the  animal  reproductive  organs,  or  to  the  process  OI 
generation.     II.  n.  pi.     The  sexual  organs.     [<  L.oir 
genitalis,  <  glgno,  beget.] 
I* 


gen'i-tive, )  1  jen'i-tiv;  2  gSn'i-tiv.     I.  a.     Gram.     Indi- 

gen'i-tivB,  J  eating  source,  possession,  or  the  like.  II.  n. 
In  Latin,  Greek,  etc.,  the  genitive  case.  [<  L.  geni- 
tivus,  gigno,  beget.] — gen"l-tl'val,  a.    -ly,  adv. 

gen'i-tor§,  1  jen'i-tar  or  -ter;  2  gen'i-tor,  n.  A  progeni- 
tor.   [L.] 

gen"i-to=u'ri-na-ry,  1  jen"i-to=yu'n-ne-n;  2  gen"i-to=yu'rl- 
na-ry,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  genital  and  the  urinary 
organs. 

gen'ius1,  1  jin'yus;  2  gen'yiis,  n.  1.  Exalted  intellectual 
power  and  creative  ability.  2.  Remarkable  aptitude  for 
some  special  pursuit.  3.  [gen'ius-es,  pi.]  A  person  of 
phenomenal  intellectual  powers.  4.  The  essential  prin- 
ciple of  any  tiling.  5.  A  representative  type.  [L.,  one's 
tutelar  spirit.] 

Syn.:  talent,  talents.  Genius  is  exalted  Intellectual  power 
capable  of  operating  independently  of  tuition  and  training, 
and  marked  by  an  extraordinary  faculty  for  original  crea- 
tion, invention,  discovery,  expression,  etc.  Talent  is  marked 
mental  ability,  and  In  a  special  sense,  a  particular  and  un- 
common aptitude  for  some  special  mental  work  or  attain- 
ment. Genius  is  higher  than  talent,  more  spontaneous,  less 
dependent  upon  instruction,  less  amenable  to  training;  talent 
is  largely  the  capacity  to  learn,  acquire,  appropriate,  adapt 
oneself  to  demand.  Yet  the  genius  that  has  won  the  largest 
and  most  enduring  success  has  been  joined  with  tireless  in- 
dustry and  painstaking.  Compare  character;  ingenuity; 
mind;  power. — Ant.:  dulness,  folly,  Imbecility,  obtuseness, 
senselessness,  stupidity. 

ge'ni-us2,  1  ji'ni-us;  2  ge'ni-us,  n.  [ge'ni-i,  pi.]  A  benef- 
icent guardian  spirit.    [Same  as  genius1.] 

ge-nl'zah,  1  ji-ni'za;  2  ge-nl'za,  re.  [Heb.]  [ge-ni'zoth,  pi.]  A 
small  room,  closet,  or  other  repository  for  damaged  manu- 
scripts, attached  to  most  synagogues,     ge-ni'za;. 

Gen-nes'a-ret,  1  ge-nes'a-ret;  2  ge-nes'a-ret,  Sea  of  or  Lake. 
See  Tiberias.    Gen-nes'a-rethi. 

gen'nett,  re.    Same  as  jennet. 

Gen'o-a,  1  jen'o-a;  2  gen'o-a,  n.  An  Italian  province  (1.5S2 
sq.  m.;  pop.  1,120,000),  and  seaport  (pop.  300,139),  on 
Gulf  or  Genoa,  in  N.  W.  Italy.— Gen"o-ese',  a.  &  n. 
Gen"o-vese't. 

-genous,  suffix.  Used  with  the  meaning  'born,'  'bearing.' 
[(1)  <  L.  genus;  see  -gen.     (2)  <  -gen  4-  -ous.] 

gen 're,  1  3<in'ra;  2  zhan're,  n.  A  style  of  painting  or 
other  art  illustrative  of  common  life.  [F.,  <  L.  genus, 
kind.] 

gens,  1  jenz;  2  gens,  re.  [gen'tes,  1  jen'tlz;  2  gen'tig,  pi.]  1. 
Etlinol.  In  primitive  society,  a  body  of  blood=kindred  having 
a  common  gentile  name,  and  distinguished  by  a  totem  or 
crest.    2.  Rom.  A nliq.  A  clan;  a  subdivision  of  a  tribe.  [I..] 

Gen'ser-lc,  1  jen'sar-ik;  2  gen'ser-Ic,  re.  (406?-477.)  A  king 
of  the  Vandals;  conquered  N.  Africa;  sacked  Rome. 

gent.,  abbr.    [gentn.,  gents.,  pi.]    Gentleman. 

gen-teel',  1  jen-til';  2  gen-tel',  a.  Well=bred  or  refined; 
elegant;  fashionable.  This  word  is  no  longer  used  by 
good  authors  except  in  a  sarcastic  or  humorous  sense.  [<  F. 
gentil;  see  gentle.]  Syn.:  see  polite.— gen-teel 'ly,  adv. — 
gen-teel 'ness,  re. 

gen'tian,  1  jen'slian;  2  gCn'shan,  n.  A  flowering  plant  of 
various  species,  as  the  yellou  gentian  of  Europe  (used 
medicinally),  and  the  fringed  gentian  of  America,  with 
blue,  delicately  fringed  flowers.  [  <  L.OF  Gentius,  an 
Illyrian  king] 

gen'tile,  1  jen'tail;  2  gen'til,  n.  1.  [G-]  Scrip.  One  not  a 
Jew.  2.  Gram.  A  noun  or  an  adjective  denoting  race  or 
country.  3.  A  member  of  a  gens  or  clan.  Used  adjec- 
tivally in  all  senses.  [<  L,  gentilia;  see  gentle.] — 
gen 'til-Ism,  re.  1.  The  character  of  being  Gentile  In  birth 
and  spirit;  formerly,  heathenism.    2.  Claimishness. 

gen-til 'i-ty,  1  jen-til'i-ti;  2  gcn-til'i-ty,  n.  [-ties7-,  pi.] 
1.  The  quality  of  being  genteel.  2.  Fashionable  exclu- 
siveness.  3.  Dignity  of  birth.  4§.  The  fashionable 
world;  people  of  breeding  collectively.  [<  F.  grntilitr, 
<  L.  gcnlUita(t-)s,  <  gcnlilis;  see  gentle.]  Syn.:  see  po- 
liteness. 

gen'tle,  i  1  jen'tl;  2  gen'tl,  vt.    1.  To  make  gentle  or  kind.    2. 

gen'tl1",  ?  [Colloq.]  To  train;  subdue;  as  a  horse.  St.  To  raise 
to  the  rank  of  a  gentleman. 

gen'tle,  )  1  jen'tl;  2  gen'tl,  a.     1.  Mild  in  disposition  or 

gen'tl1',  (  manner;  kindly;  gracious.  2.  Moderate  in  ao- 
tion;  soft  or  low;  peaceful.  3.  Tame;  docile  4.  Not 
steep  or  abrupt;  easy.  5.  of  honorable  family;  noble, 
6||.  Considerate;  favorably  disposed.    7|-  Amenable  to 

training.     [<  L.*  gintilis,  of  the  same  clan  ] 

S.vn.:  amiable;  docile;  humane;  merciful;  pacific. — 
gen'tle-ness,  n.       gen'tly,  adv.       gen'Me-folk",  n.  pi. 

People  of  good   family:    now  more  commonly  {HiillefoltS. — 

gen 'tie-man,  re.    [-men,  /ii]    1.  a  well»bred  and  honor:! 

ble  man;  In  common  usage,  a  respectable  and  well-behaved 
man.  2.  A  man  of  the  higher  class  or  of  gentle  extraction. 
— gi'ii'tle-man-ly,  a.     Pertaining  to  or  befitting  a  gcntl» 


grntlr 

[htHl 


1    ■-•  u  »         i  hi  !'•■:    oIm-v.  go;    not,  or;    full,  rftle;    Lift,  bOrn; 

.      i  Bra;  hit,  mm;  I-o;  I  -  6;  go.  uot.  Or  wbu.        346 


(.  ii   il.  -omillk.  ~  '  ( rn'- 

l  ...I  hlrili 


•!\i-  llltiilu  lan- 
l  Hi;  k-i-ii- 

1 

I 
j.  n    ii-M.  .Ii.li. 

(I    ,1       ll-ll.    V 

(rll    ll-lll.   .  I.   Of  1 

gr  II    ll-lll  ". 

inti  rli  it       2. 

n  ,  true.      [  < 

gi  n  ii-ln  .  -  ii .  — ».  n. 
f    mi-.  hi.  rarely  i 

:i    [  <  L.  -gtn\  i,    <  (!r 

imblnlng  form. 

:  -  ■  .  irlr.  a.    Relating  to 

■-.  .  n    irl-i    il.  -I>,  adv. 

i.   \  stone  having  a  cavity 

.'.  3.   In 

In  a  vein.    [< 
Is,  I  Lrthy,    < 

Mathematical  mea- 

urtace:  clisilnguisbed 

ge"o-dct'lc,  a.    ge"o- 

-  i.i  i-i  .il-l  i . 

■■  >  ..f  Munmoulh,  1  Jef'ri.  men'mafb:  2  gefry.  m6n'- 

tnoth.  Mmamed  Arliiur  (1110T-1154T).     An  English  his- 

iphy. 
'  rmatlon  of  the 

ge-Of  '•*-(!>  : .      gc"o-gcll  'l<\ 

o-iiii'ini-.),        Knowledge  of  the  earth, 
.ctural  geology.     (+    Gr.  gndsis, 

ra-fy,  n.     [-phiesz, 
-  i-i  |  .■  describee  the  Bur- 

lucts;  also,  a 

. 

o-cnpta  i-i  ai.         i  if  <>r 

ge"o-grapli  l<  . .     ge"o-grapb/« 

I-.  ..I-I 

t-  >\ 

I. 
il  itiou  and  structure  of  the  earth 


'    ."     '    '     • 


<  leology 

b-.»lL«  tb«  wnnff  In  which  .,• 

-  it*,  iridic  (•! 
»  IbcouIUL;  n 


. M  of  the  his- 

in  the  past 

-looy.] 

ge"0-10f  '!-<    ill)  .  gc-ol'o- 

ge-ol'o-gerl.     ge-ol'o- 

ge-ol    II- 


■ad  the  ■;---•.-. 
■ 

Kl  >  c . 

J.  geometry. 

i  xspect  of  the 
gi  '..-Hi  in  'ii.  . 


it  i  'r\-6 


et'rwll; 


met'ri-dfi,  n.  pi. 

larva;  are  Hit  So-called 


irlrufwonns,    [<    <;r  gtOm  eoiietbr.]    ge- 

.  -irl.l.         A 

gt-oin  V-lrj.  ]    i  ■■'■    i  i  try,  n.     [-TRIM ',  /■/  I 

;.  ..i  mathematics  thai  tn  ind  its 

0,      i    tn  at  :  llbjeOt.       |  <    (  W     ,/<  , 

isure.)     ge-omv-tcr.  i     I.  Sua  skilled 
In  geometry:  n  mathematician     gc-om"c-trl'clan : .    '.'.   \ 
irlng-worm.     ge*o-met'rlc,     ge"o-met 'ri-cal,     .< 
imetrj   or  principles;  characterised  by  reg- 
ular llm  s,  i  in  \  es,  and  angles     ge*o»mel  'ri-eal-ly,  ads, 
ge-oph  a-u> .  i    i-ol  irgy,  n.    The  practise  of  eat- 

ing olay  or  earth  Oi     ■    earth,    •    phagetn,  eat.]— g9* 

oph'a-glsm,  n     ge-opb'a-glst,  n     A  dlrt*eater 
ici"o-|inii  lc,  l  ]I*o-pen'lk;  :.'  gG*o-pon'le,  a.     Pertaining  to 
agriculture,    |<  <.r   pS,<earth,  •• . > r k . | 

gr"i>-ra  'ma.  1    u'o  re'tu., OT -ru'm . •  ••■    r:i'ni:i.  H 

\  lu.iinu  globe  bearing  on  the  Inside  representations  ol  the 
earth's  natural  divisions     |     <•;  ?8,  earth,  •  homma,  view.] 

Beorge1,  l  j«»rj ;  2  gorg,  n.    i.  [Q-]  A  leweled  figure  ol  St. 

log  the  dragon,  one  "f  the  Insignia  of  the  Knights 

of  the  Qarter     t.  The  neck  pari  ol  a  ooal  or  vest     :t.   \ 

large  wig  ol  the  18th  century.     [<  Oeorge,  proper  name,  < 

Gr.  geOrgot,  tanner,  <  gi.  earth,  work.] 

George,  n      1.  (me  of  five  kings  of  England;  notably:  <i) 

«..  ill.  fl738   1830),  king  during  the  American  Revolution. 

G.V.,    onol  I  dward  VII.  (1865  I      See  E  hqland. 

'i.  Hi'iiry  (1839   1807),  an  American  economlsi  and  writer; 

1 1    3.  Saint  G>,  martyred  In  <  lappadocla 

303;  became  a  legendary  hero,  slayer  of  a  dragon;  patron 

saint  of  England     4.  V  lake  In  N    ES   New  York;  32  m.  long; 

and  Bummer  resort.-  Georg'1-an,  n. 

George'town,  1  JSrj'taun;  2  gOrg'town,  n.  A  seaport  city, 
capital  of  British  I  iulana;  pop  64,000. 

Geor'gl-a,  1  JSr'Ji-s;  u'  gdr'gl-a,  n  1.  AS  Atlantic  State  (59.- 
26S  sq.  m  .  pop  2,875,953]  of  the  United  States;  capital.  At- 
lanta. 2.  An  ancient  Independent  country;  now  Tltlls  gov- 
ernment, s.  E.  European  Russia. 

geor'glc,  l  jor'jik.  2  gor'gle  I. '/.  Pertaining  to  husbandry 
or  rural  affairs,  geor'gl-calt.  II.  n.  A  poem  on  husband- 
ry.    |<    L.  ytorgicuf;,  <  Gr.  gcOrgitos;  see  OBORG1  I 

ge"o-ther'mlc,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  earth's  internal  heat. 
[  <  geo-  +  Or.  thermos,  heat.) 

tier.,  (.enii.,  abbr.    German.  Germany. — ger.,  abbr.  Gerund. 

Ge-ralnt '.  Sir,  1  uM-rent';  2  se-rant'.  In  Tennyson's  Idijlh  uf 
tiu  Kino,  a  ECnlght  of  the  Hound  Table. 

Ge-ra"nl-a'ce-se,  l  ji-rC*m-8'8i-!;  2  ge-ra"ni-a'ce-<".  n.  pi. 
Bot.  A  family  of  polypetalous  herbs,  shrubs,  and  trees— the 
geranium  family  widely  scattered  In  temperate  and  sub- 
tropical regions.  [<  L.  geranium;  see  geranium.) — ge-ra"- 
nl-u'ceous.  ge-ra'nl-al,  a. 

Kt'-ra'iii-uni,    1    ji-re'ru-um;   2   ge-ra'ni-um,    n.   Bot.  A 
flowering  plant  of  many  species,  com- 
mon  in  cultivation.     [L.,  <  Gr.  gera- 
<  ijeranos,  crane.] 

gi-r'fal"foii,  1  jijr'fo"kn;   2  ggrTa/en, 
\    large    falcon    <if    nortliern   re- 
gions,   with   feathered   shanks.      [< 
LI. .or  iiitrofalco(n-).  sacred  falcon. 1 

ger'kln,  1  guVkin;  2  ger'klu,  n.    Same  as 

KIN. 

germ,  1  jurm;  2 germ,  n.    1. The  rudi- 
mentary    Vital     element.         (1)      liiol. 

(a)  The  substance  that  is  to  ie\  i  lop 
a  individual,  as  the  formative 
plasm  of  an  egg  or  ovum;  the  earliest 
of  an  organism,  (b)  A  germ* 
cell.  (2)  Bot.  (a)  A  growing  point, 
as  a  young  bud.  (6)  The  embryo. 
(c)  The  ovary.  2.  The  primary  source  of  anything. 
:i.  A  niicro=organism,  especially,  one  likely  to  cause 
disease.  4.  An  embryo.  [<  F.  germe,  <  L.  germen, 
sprig.]—  germ '=cell",  n.  The  parent  cell  from  which  an 
organism  Is  developed;  a  gamete —germ  theory.  1.  The 
theory  that  zymotic  diseases,  as  typhoid  fever,  are  caused 
by  micro-organisms,  as  bacteria.  2.  Biogenesis. 
Ger 'man1,  1  jur'man;  2  ger'man.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to 
i  lermany,  its  people,  or  its  language.  II.  n.  1.  A  na- 
tive or  citizen  of  Germany.  2.  The  language  of  Ger- 
many. 3,  [g-]  [U.S.]  The  cotillion,  or  a  dance  at  which 
it  is  the  chief  feature.  |  <  L.  Germanus,  German:  said 
ol  Celtic  origin.]  German  East  Africa,  a  German 
territory  between  Lake  Tanganyika  and  the  Indian  ocean; 
:',^1  180  "i  m;  pop.  7.6.1!). fciis;  conquered  by  Gen.  Smuts 
with  troops  of  the  dnion  Of  South  Africa,  aided  by  Belgians 
and  Portuguese.  May.  1917— G.  ocean,  see  NOBTH  Sea. 
(..  silver,  a  while  alloy  of  nickel,  zinc,  and  copper. — 
G.  Southwest  Africa,  a  German  protectorate  between 
Angola  and  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  except  Walnsch  Bay; 
322,450  sq.  m.;  pop.  100.000;  capital.  Wlnduk,  captured 
by  General  Botha  with  troops  of  the  Union  of  South 
Africa,  May-July.  1915—  High  («.,  the  German  of  Ger- 
many, including  the  dialects  of  Switzerland,  Bavaria,  Al- 


Geranlum. 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  habltn    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    Cllin;    go;    O  =  sing;    Chin,   this.         gentle 
347         2:  wplf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,    rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.  ghost 


sace,  etc. — Low  G.,  the  German  of  the  Netherlands,  includ- 
ing Frleslan,  Dutch,  Flemish,  etc.— Old  High  G.,  the  Ger- 
man language  from  750  to  1150.— Ger-man'ic.  I.  a.  Ger- 
man. II.  re.  The  German  language. — Ger'man-ism,  re. 
1.  The  characteristic  German  spirit;  love  or  admiration  for 
Germany.  2.  Gram.  An  imitation  of  a  German  idiom. — 
Ger'man-Ize,  vt.  &  vi.  To  conform  or  cause  to  conform  to 
German  speech,  customs,  ideals,  etc.    Ger'man-iset. 

gcr'iiiaii-,  a.  1.  Having  the  same  parents  or  grandpar- 
ents: used  after  the  noun.  2.  Germane;  familiar.  [< 
L.  germanus,  near  akin.) 

gcr-man'der,  1  jar-man'dar;  2  ger-man'der,  re.  A  labiate 
herb  of  the  mint  family,  with  pale  purple  flowers,  as  the 
water  ^germander.  [<  OF.  germandree,  <  Gr,  chamaidrys, 
<  chamai,  on  the  ground,  +  drys,  tree.] 

ger-mane',  1  jur-men';  2  ger-man',  a.  1.  Appropriate; 
pertinent.    2.  Akin;  german.    ger'niaynf. 

tier-man  1-cus  Cae'sar,  1  jar-man'i-kus;  2  ger-man'i-cus 
(15  B.  C.-A.  D.  19).    A  Roman  general;  defeated  Germans. 

ger-ma'nl-um,  1  jar-me'm-um;  2  ger-ma'ni-um,  n.  Chem. 
A  grayish=white  metallic  element.  See  element.  [<  L. 
Germania,  Germany.] 

Ger'man-town,  1  jOr'man-taun;  2  ger'man-town,  re.  The  N. 
suburb  of  Philadelphia;  scene  of  battle  between  Washington 
and  the  British  under  Howe.  Oct.  4,  1777. 

Ger'ma-ny,  1  jOr'ma-m;  2  ger'ma-ny,  n.  An  empire  (208,- 
748  sq.  m.;  pop.  64,926,000)  in  central  Europe;  capital,  Ber- 
lin. 

gor'menll,  1  jur'men;2  ger'men,  re.  A  germ;  egg.  [L.,  sprout.) 
ger'mint. 

ger'mi-clde,  1  jur'mi-said;  2  ger'mi-eld,  re.  That  which  is 
used  to  destroy  disease=germs  or  other  microorganisms. 
[<  germ  +  L.  cxdo,  kill.)— ger'mi-ci"dal,  a. 

ger'mt-cul"ture,  1  jur'mi-kul"cTiur  or  -tiur;  2  ger'mi-eurehur 
or  -tur,  re.  The  artificial  cultivation  of  bacteria  or  disease" 
germs  for  scientific  research. — ger"mi-cul'tur-ist,  re. 

gcr'mi-na-bl(ep,  1  jur'mi-na-bl;  2  ger'mi-na-bl,  a.  Capable 
of  germination. 

gcr'nil-nal,  1  jOr'nn-nal;  2  ger'mi-nal,  «.  Pertaining  to  or 
constituting  a  germ;  germinative.  [<  L.  germen  (germin-), 
germ.) 

ger'mi-nate,  1  jur'mi-net;  2  ger'nii-nat,  vi.  [-NAT"EDd; 
-nat"ing.]  To  begin  to  vegetate  or  develop  into  a 
higher  form.  [  <  L.  germen  (germin-) ;  see  germ.] — ger'- 
ml-nant,  a.  Beginning  to  grow.  —  ger"mi-na'tion,  n. 
The  act  or  process  of  germinating;  the  early  development  of 
a  germ. — ger'mi-na-tiv(es,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  tending 
to  produce  germination.  2.  Capable  of  germinating. — ger'- 
mi-na"tor,  re.    One  who  or  that  which  causes  germination. 

-gerous,  suffix.  Bearing  or  producing.  [<  L.  -ger,  <  gero, 
bear.) 

Ger'ry,  1  ger'i;  2  ger'y,  Elbridge  (1744-1814).  An  American 
statesman;  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  Vice* 
President  of  the  United  States. 

ger"ry-man'der,  1  ger"i-man'dar;  2  ger"y-man'der,  vt.  U.  S. 
1'olit.  To  alter  unfairly  or  abnormally,  as  the  political  map 
of  a  State,  etc.  [<  Gov.  Elbridge  Gerry,  of  Mass.,  +  -man- 
der,  in  salamander  (one  of  the  districts  in  Massachusetts 
formed  while  Gerry  was  governor,  said  to  resemble  a  sala- 
mander).]— ger"ry-man'der,  re.  An  unnatural  and  arbi- 
trary redistricting  of  a  State  or  county. 

Gc'ry-on,  1  jl'n-on;  2  ge'ry-6n,  re.  Gr.  Myth.  A  monster  of 
Hesperia  with  three  heads;  killed  by  Hercules. 

gcr'und,  1  jer'und;  2  ger'und,  re.  1.  L.  Gram.  A  neuter  verbal 
noun  used  only  In  the  oblique  cases  of  the  singular  and  gov- 
erriing  the  same  case  as  its  verb.  2.  Eng.Oram.  Sometimes, 
the  verbal  noun  In  -ing,  by  some  called  the  infinitive  in  inn. 
[<  LL.  gerundium,  <  gcrundus,  form  of  I.,  gerendvs,  gerun- 
dlve  of  gero,  carry.]—  ge-run'dl-al,  n.  ge-run'dlv(cs,  n. 
L.  Gram.  The  adjective  form  in  the  gerund. 

gcst||',  1  jest;  2  gest,  re.  1.  A  deed;  exploit.  2.  A  tale  of  ad- 
venture; romance. 

gestt2.  re.  1.  A  halting'place.  2.  An  itinerary,  cspeciaB  /of  a 
royal  progress. 

ges'tate,  1  jes'tet;  2  ges'tat.  I.  vt.  [-tat"ed;  -tat"ing.]  To 
develop  by  the  process  of  gestation:  also,  figuratively.  II.  a. 
In  process  of  gestation. 

ges-ta'tion,  1  jcs-tr-'slian;  2  gi's-ta'slinn,  n.  Pregnancy. 
[<   L.  gcstalio(n-) ,  carrying.]— ge.s'ta-to-ry,  a. 

ges'tl<'§,  1  Jes'tik;  Z  ges'tle,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  bodily 
mot  Inn,  especially  dancing. 

ges-tio'u-latc,  1  jes-tik'yu-let;  2  ges-tlc'yu-lfit ,  vi.  [-i.at"- 
EDd;  -lat"ing.1     To  make  gestures  or  motions,   as  in 


<1 


ges-tlc'u-lant,  a.  Addicted  to  gesticulation;  gestlculatlve. 
— ges-tlc"u-la'tlon,  n.  1.  A  motion  of  the  body  or  limbs 
designed  to  Illustrate  speech;  a  gesture.  2.  Tin-  ad  or  art 
of  making  gestures.  Syn.:  see  gesture.  ges-tlr'ii-la- 
tiv(e9,«.     characterized  or  accompanied  by  gesticulation. 

ges-tle'u-la"tor,    re.     One  who  gesticulates;  a  posturer; 
also,  a  strolling  medieval  player,      gcs-tlc'u-la-lo-ry,  a. 

ges'ture,  1  jes'chur ;  2  gSs  ohur.    I.  vi.    [ges 'tubed;  qeb'- 
tuk-ing.]    To  make  gestures;  gesticulate.    D.  n,    1.  An 


expressive  motion  or  action,  as  of  the  hand  or  hands  in 
speaking,  expressive  of  some  idea  or  emotion.  2.  Such 
motions  collectively,  or  the  art  of  making  them.  3f. 
Deportment.     [  <  LL.  gestura,  mode  of  action.] 

Syn.:  Gesticulation.  Gesticulation  often  conveys  the  idea 
of  sudden  or  unreasonable  motions;  gesture  usually  that  of 
deliberate  or  dignified  motions. 

get,  1  get;  2  get,  v.  [got  (GATf);  got  or  got'ten;  get'- 
ting.]  1. 1.  1.  To  gain  or  come  into  possession  of ;  pro- 
cure; receive.  2.  [Colloq.]  Hence,  to  possess;  also,  to 
be  obliged.  3.  To  commit  to  memory.  4.  To  beget. 
5.  To  procure,  or  cause  to  be.  6.  To  prevail  on.  II.  i. 
1.  To  acquire  wealth.  2.  [Colloq.]  To  arrive  at  a  speci- 
fied state  or  position;  come  to  be.  3.  [Colloq.,  U.  S.] 
To  find  time,  means,  or  opportunity.    [  <  AS.  gitan.[ 

Syn.:  achieve,  acquire,  attain,  earn,  gain,  obtain,  procure, 
receive,  secure,  win.  Gel  is  a  most  comprehensive  word.  A 
person  gets  whatever  he  comes  to  possess  or  experience, 
whether  with  or  without  endeavor,  expectation,  or  desire; 
he  gets  a  bargain,  a  blow,  a  fall,  a  fever;  he  gains  what  he 
comes  to  by  effort  or  striving;  the  swimmer  gains  the  shore;  a 
man  acquires  by  continuous  and  ordinarily  by  slow  process; 
as,  one  acquires  a  foreign  language.  A  person  Is  sometimes 
said  to  gain  and  often  to  acquire  what  has  not  been  an  object 
of  direct  endeavor;  In  the  pursuits  of  trade,  he  Incidentally 
gains  some  knowledge  of  foreign  countries;  he  acquires  by 
association  with  others  a  correct  or  incorrect  accent;  he 
acquires  a  bronzed  complexion  by  exposure  to  a  tropical  sun; 
in  such  use,  what  he  gains  is  viewed  as  desirable,  what  he 
acquires  as  slowly  and  gradually  resulting.  A  person  earns 
what  he  gives  an  equivalent  of  labor  for,  tho  he  may  not  gel 
it.  On  the  other  hand,  he  may  gel  what  he  has  not  earned; 
the  temptation  to  all  dishonesty  is  the  desire  to  gel  a  living 
or  a  fortune  without  earning  it.  Compare  attain;  gain; 
learn;  make;  obtain;  purchase;  reach. — Ant.:  see  syno- 
nyms for  ABANDON. 

get,  re.    The  act  of  begetting,  or  that  which  is  begotten. 

Geth-scm'a-ne,  1  gefli-sem'a-ni;  2  geth-sem'a-ne,  re.  Bib. 
A  garden  at  the  foot  of  the  Mount  of  Olives;  the  scene  of 
Christ's  agony;  Matt,  xxvi,  36. 

Get'tys-burg,  1  get'iz-burg;  2  get'yg-burg,  re.  A  borough 
(pop.  4.000),  S.  Pennsylvania;  Meade  defeated  Lee,  July 
1-3,  1863. 

gew'gaw,  1  giu'ge;  2  gu'ga.  I.  a.  Showy  ;  gaudy.  II.  n. 
A  flashy,  useless  ornament;  bauble.  [<  AS.  gifu,  gift, 
<  gifan,  give.)     Syn.:  see  gaud. 

gey,  1  ge;  2  ge,  adv.  [Scot.)  Moderately;  rather. 

gey'ser,  1  gai'zar;  2  gy'^er,  n.  A  hot  spring  from  which 
water  or  mud  is  ejected  in  a  fountain=like  column.  [  < 
Ice.  geysir,  <  geysa,  gush.] 

g.  gr.,  abbr.    Great  gross. 

ghaist,  1  gest;  2  gast,  re.  [Scot.]  A  ghost. 

ghast'ly,  1  gast'h;  2  gast'ly.  I.  a.  1.  Having  a  haggard, 
deathlike  appearance.  2.  Terrifying  or  shocking.  II. 
adv.  Like  a  specter;  fearfully.  [<  AS.  gsestlic,  < 
gseslan,  terrify.]    gast'lyt. 

Syn.:  cadaverous,  deathlike,  deathly,  hideous,  pale,  pal- 
lid, spectral,  wan.  Syn.:  see  pale.  —  Ant.:  blooming,  bright, 
buxom,  comely,  fresh,  ruddy. —  ghast'li-nes.s,  n.  gasl '- 
ll-nesst. 

ghat,     )  1  get;  2  gat,  n.    I.  A  stairway.    2.  A  mountain  pass 

ghaut,  (  or  a  mountain  range.  [Hind.]  —  burn  Mnggliat",  n. 
A  wide  step  on  a  ghat  on  which  the  Hindus  burn  their  dead. 
— Eastern  Ghats,  Western  Glials,  the  principal  mountain 
ranges  of  W.  India;  parallel  to  Its  coasts. 

ghee,  1  gi;  2  ge,  re.  [Anglo»Ind.]  1.  An  oil  made  from  clarified 
but  ter.  2.  A  solid  white  oil  obtained  from  a  tree  of  northern 
India.    [<  Hind,  ghi,  <  Sans,  ghrila,  butter.]    ghll. 

Ghent,  1  gent;  2  gent,  n.  A  Belgian  city  (pop.  106,000).  cap- 
ital of  East  Flanders;  entered  by  ( lermans,  I'.U  I. 

gher'kin,  1  gur'kin;  2  ger'kln,  re.  A  small  prickly  cucumber, 
used  or  pickling.  [<  D.  agurkjc,  <  Boh.  okurka,  cucum- 
ber.)   ger'kln;. 

Ghet'to,  1  get'o;  2  get'o,  re.  Tho  Jews'  quarter  of  a  city,  as 
formerly  In  Home,  etc.     [It.] 

I.lllb'el-llnc,  1  glb'e-lm;  2  glb'e-lln,  n.  A  supporter  of  the 
German  emperor  In  Italy  (1  ltli    11  lb  centuries);  one  of  the 

Imperial  party  opposed  to  the  papal  party,    Bee  Guelph. 

[<   it.  Ohibellino,   <  c.  WaibUngen,  in  Wurttembelfe.] 

Glilh'c-llne,  n. 
Ghl-bcr'tl,  1  gl-ber'tl;  2  gi'-ber'ti,  Lorenzo  (1H78-1455).    An 

Italian  sculptor  and  painter. 
Glilr"lan-da'J<»,  1  gtrMon-dfl'yo;  \i  gir'ian-da'yo,  Domenlco 

(1449-1494).  An  Italian  painter  w  h<>  taugh.1  Michelangelo. 
ghost,  /  1  g8st;  2  gost,  n.  1.  A  disembodied  spirit,  '£■ 
gosi",  jThe  soul  or  spirit.    3.  A  shadow  or  semblance; 

slight  .trace.    4.  A  spirit  of  any  kind.    ft.  Optics  &  Phot. 

A  false  or  .secondary  image,  or  a  spot  of  light,  as  from  a 

defect  in  a  lens  or  instrument,  I  <  AS.  g&at;  cp, 
aohabt.]    Syn.:  see  specter,    ghostly,  a,    I.  Pen 

lo  the  soul  or  religion;  spiritual.  2.  Pertaining  lo  appari- 
Uons;  spectral.— ghost'll-uess,  n. 


L  fl.-lll 


,  ..    Ar;  fnii,  rOie;  but,  bOrni 

II  I  .1        .  .  (11,  not.  <>i.  «<*»n, 


:ms 


gtiui  rl  will 


' 


l»l>. 


(M  d>. 


i.     ' 


i  ro  disembowel 


truggle,  per- 
il'' 

hi  r  in  place  or  adjusts 
in. 
■ 

;. 
inn;  ■  p    l  tan.  aibbe. 
Hi'   . 

[Abbr.  of  Gilbert. \ 
:.  rapidly  and  inco- 
.  tnock .]  —  gib'ber- 
l  II.         [noohei 

■ 

I.  [-BE1  -i  i>'  or  -in  i-i  I  h  I; 

I .  ite  by  hanging,    '!. 

II.  n.     An  upright 

'■nd.  used  as  a  gal- 

irboreal  anthropoid 

glial)  historian;  De- 
mi fall  of  the  Human  Em; 

i  -■  1.  irregularly  rounded; 

in  lull  and  y<  I 

rlh  l»..-c  : .     kc 1 1 > ' l>< •  u ~- 1 \ .      n,t'.     glb'bous- 
rir>-tH.«  i-(> :. 

• 

I.   •  :i!M>;   QIB'lNO.]     To 

inner; 
•  I  'u  and  ridicule;  an 

ishly.] 
sneer. 
.  i  ■  ■  I  ng- 1  y , 

I.  the  edible  parts 

■    '  ' 

I<OJ    gibelet, 

rortlfled  rock 
oasl  "f 

-    r:iil  ~  ,,f  «;.,  |„- 

edlterra- 

I . 

3.  Marked  by 
Liah.]    gid'- 

Kld    dl-lo 

I   ■  I  •  •  confer  upon. 

II.  I.   I  I  at 

■  i.  right, 

; 


nr.  i 

'■•■     •-•■'..•:-.    I--.  .•••.   boon,  bounty,  bribe,  dona- 

•>p.     A  gift  Is  In  the 

:•:■"■'•      "'  lr,  "'•'   I'-ir.'il  -  r.  -   that  which  i-  voluntarily 

irn  or  compel 

now  almost  al way*  uw-d  in  the  good  sense,  bribi  always 

In  toe  evil  sense  to  signify  payment  for  a  dishonorable  Mr- 


■  niblnnec  of  u  >  I  ■•">!  Is  »  chart- 

.  neroll)  of  large  amount,  and  viewed  us  ol  ea- 

n  ondowmeni  tor  b  oolloge     K  donation  Ih 

it,  never  viewed  as  of  trivial  value, 

to  entlng  a  eau  i 

\    urnliillg    Is   n  OmOl  lilni:   Ol 

moderate  value  and  Is  alwi  in  an  inferior,  and  as 

ol  favor,  ii"i  "f  right;  as,  ■  gratuity  to  d  waiter:  oommonly 
called  a  '/;■  i    irehale  for  a  bountiful  gratuity,  usu- 

i  be  distributed  among  man) .  as  am. mi:  the  heralds  at 
'  tournament        V  preset     I     ii  •  ■  ol  friendship,  or 
conciliation,  and  given  as  in  an  equal  or  a  superior,    a  boon 

ne.l  or  craved  or  perhaps  asked,  or 
'iiliii;    freely    given    thai    meels   some   great    desire.      A 

i  ommonly  considerable  In  amount  and  given  by  puo- 

I It-  authority  Ol  public  lands  for  a  college      See 

ivmik,  bubsidt.  Ant.:  compensation,  earnings,  guerdon, 
penalty,  remuneration,  wages. 

tilled,    pa       I  DdOwed   With   mental    power  or   talent. 

Bra 

gig',  1  gig!  2  gig.  "•     1-  A  light,  I  wo-wlieeled,  one-seated 

vehicle  for  one  horse.  '*.  A  machine  for  raising  a  nap  on 
cloth  by  passing  it  over  eylinders  armed  with  teasels. 
:t.  \  boat  in  which  the  oarsmen  are  seated 

on  alternate  thwarts.     4.  Any  whirling  toy,  as  a  top.     5. 

A  irolic.    [  <  lee.  gigja,  fiddle.] 
';!,'  .         A  pronged  fish«spear;  also,  a  set  of  ho«ks  for 

catching  flan  by  dragging,  [giants     P   I 

i£i"iiaii-ies(|ue',  l  lal'gan-tesk';  2  gl'gan-tesk',  n.    suited  to 

u'l-iran 'lie.  1  jai-gan  tik;  2  gl-gan'tie,  a.    Like  a  giant; 

ighty.     |<  L.  gigas;  see  giant.]    gl"gan- 

Ic'an:.      S.vn.:  see  IMMENSE;  LARGE. 

gig'gle,  i  1  gig/1;  2  ftlg'i.    I.  "'.    [gig'gled,  gig'ld*;  gig'- 

glg'l1',     I  1. 1. in.;.)    To  laugh  with  an  effort  at  suppression: 

titt.r.    II.  n.    A  convulsive  laugh;  titter,    limitative] 

glg'glcr,  n.     glg'gllng,  «   &n  Iglg'lottet. 

glg'lct  ,  n.     I  giddy  girl;  romp;  minx,    glg'gletf.  glg'lott; 

glg'ot,  1  jlg'fit;  2  glg'ot.  n.  1.  A  leg  of  mutton.  2.  A  sleeve 
having  the  shape  of  a  leg  of  mutton.    |F.] 

Gila,  1  mi..  2  hi'la.  A  river  In  New  Mexico  and  Arizona; 
i  long  to  the  Col- 
orado river.— Gila 
monster,  a  large,  poi- 
sonous lizard  of  the 
Gila  river  territory. 

GU'bert,  1  gil'bart;  2 
gll'bert,  Sir  llumpli- 
rey  (1539-1583).  An 
English  navigator;  oc- 
cupied .Newfoundland. 

(iil  Bias,  1  ga  bins;  2  zhil  bias.  In  Le  Sage's  Gil  Bias,  the  hero, 
\\  ho  relates  his  various  adventures. 

GU-bo'a,  1  gU-bO'a;  2  gU-bO'a,  n.  Bib.  A  hilly  district  E.  of 
I  klraelon;  Baul  and  Jonathan  slain  there.    /  Sam.  xxxi,  2-4. 

gild,  1  gild;  2  gild,  it.  [Giu>'BDd  or  gilt;  gild'ing.]  1.  To 
cat  with  or  as  with  gold.  2.  To  make  lustrous;  illumi- 
nate. 3.  To  give  a  fair  or  meretricious  appearance  to; 
glossover.    [<  AS.  gyldan.\    Syn.:  see  ADORN. 

glld'er,  n.— gild'ing,  n.    1.  The  art  of  overlaying  a 
surface  thinly  with  gold.    2.  An  overlay  of  gold;  gilt. 

gild1,  )  7i.    [Gild  is  the  older  as  well  as  the  simpler  form] 

guild,  (  1.  A  corporation  or  association  of  persons  en- 
din  kindred  pursuits  for  mutual  protection,  aid,  or 
cooperation,  known  in  England  from  the  7th  century. 
'J.  \  church  or  religious  association  organized  for  benev- 
olent and  other  parish  work.  31.  A  gildhall.  (<  AS. 
gild,  payment.]  gild 'hall",  guild 'hall",  n.  The  hall 
Winn-  a  gild  meets;  especially  |(i-].  the  corporation  hall  of 
the  city  of  London,  England,  gild  'ry,  guild  'ry,  n.  [Scot.l 
or  Its  members. — gild 'ship,  n.    A  gild. 

gild  ,  n.    Gilding;  gilt. 

GU'e-ad,  1  gll'l-Sd;  2  gil'e-ad,  n.  A  mountainous  region  E.  of 
the  Jordan  (Josh,  xli,  2)\  also,  a  mountain  there  (Gen.  xxxl, 
21 

gill',  1  gil;  2  gfl,  n.  1.  An  organ  of  fishes  for  breathing  the 
air  contained  in  water.  2.  [Humorous.]  The  flesh  under 
..r  about  the  chin  and  jaws.  3.  A  gilHike  part.  [< 
Dan.  gixlle.] 

gill1',  1  jil;  2  gfl,  n.  A  liquid  measure  of  one*eighth  of  a. 
quart.    [<  OF.  geUe,  measure  for  wine.]   jillj. 

gill3,  1  gil.  :.'  gfl,  n.     Same  as  GHTLL. 

gill  .  1.  A  girl,  especially  a  wanton  one;  sweetheart. 

Z.  The  groundnvy.    [<  L.  Juliana,  <  Julius,  a  proper 

name  ] 
gillie,  1  gll'i:  2  gll'l,  n.    [Scot.]    A  man  servant;  attendant: 

ii/  one  attending  a  sportsman  In  the  field,    gll'lyj. 
gM'|y-llow"er,  \  1  jil'i-flau"ar;  2  gIl'y-flow"er,  n.     Any 
gil  'li-tlow"er,  ]  one  of  various  flowering  plants,  especially 

of  the  mustard  family  or  the  pink  family.     [  <  OF.  gil- 

ofre,  gillyflower.]  [American  educator. 

GU'man,  1  gil'man;  2  gll'man,  Daniel  Colt  (1831-1908).  An 


Gila  Monster 


1:  a  =  final;    1  =  hablt^   atsle;    an  =  out;    ell;    lQ  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    n  =  sinff;    Chin,  this. 
349         2:  wolf,  qq;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


ghoul 
give 


gll'py,    )  lgirpi;2  6H'py.  re.    [gil'piesz;gil'peysz.  pi.]  [Scot.) 

gll'pey,  )  A  lively,  frolicsome  young  person  of  either  sex. 

gu-rav'age,  1  gil-rav'ij;  2  gil-rav'ag.  vi.  [Scot.)  To  plunder; 
despoil,  gul-rav'aget.— gil-rav'age,  re.  [Scot.]  A  dis- 
orderly frolic;  boisterous  merrymaking,  glll-rav'agej. — 
gH-rav 'ag-er,  n.    gill-rav'ag-erj. 

gilt,  1  gilt;  2  gilt.     I.  a.     Gilded;  yellow  like  gold.     II.  n. 

1.  The  material  used  in  gilding.    2.  Superficial  or  mere- 
tricious show. 

gim'bal,  1  jim'bel;  2  gim'bal,  n.  A  contrivance  for  al- 
lowing a  suspended  object,  as  a  ship's  compass,  to  tip 
freely  in  all  directions,  thus  remaining  level,  however 
the  ship  moves.  [  <  L.OF  gemellus,  dim.  of  geminus, 
twin.] 

gim 'crack",  1  jim'krak";  2  gim'crak".  I.  a.  Cheap  and 
showy.  II.  n.  A  gewgaw;  bauble.  [<  gim  (<  jump, 
v.,  fit)  +  crack,  re.]    Syn.:  see  gaud. — gim'crack"er-y,  re. 

gini'let,  1  gim'let;  2  gim'lgt,  re.  A  small  boring=tool  with 
a  cross=head  and  a  cutter=pointed  screw=tip.  [  <  OD.OF 
ivimpel,  bore.] 

glm'nialf,  n.    Same  as  gemel. 

gimp,  1  gimp;  2  gimp,  re.  1.  A  narrow,  flat,  ornamental 
trimming:  used  for  dresses,  furniture,  etc.   gimp'ingt. 

2.  A  coarse  thread  for  formiug  edges  and  outlines  in  pil- 
lowdace.      [<  OHG. OF  wimpal,  robe,  hair=fillet.] 

gin1,  1  jin;  2  gin,  vt.  [ginned;  gin'ning.]  1.  To  catch  in 
or  as  in  a  gin  or  trap.  2.  To  remove  the  seeds  from 
(cotton). 

gin2t,  vt.  &  vi.    To  begin. 

gin1,  n.  1.  One  of  various  machines:  (1)  A  machine  for 
separating  cotton=fibers  from  the  seeds.  (2)  A  portable 
hoisting»machine.  (3)  A  pump  worked  by  a 
windmill.  (4)  A  pile=driver.  2.  A  snare  or 
trap.  [Contr.  of  engine.] — gin'shorse",  n. 
A  horse  working  a  gin. 

gin2,   n.     1.   An   aromatic  distilled  alcoholic 
liquor.     2.  Alcoholic  liquor.    [G'orr.  of 

GENEVA.] 

glngt,  re.    A  gang;  company. 

gin'ger,  1  jin'jsr;  2  gin'ger, 
n.  1.  The  pungent,  spicy 
rootstock  of  a  tropicalC 
plant;  also,  the  plant.  2. 
Something  of  pungent 
quality;  spunk.  [<Gr.L'fF 
zingiberis,  ginger.]  —  gin'- 
ger-bread",  re.  A  light  sweet 
cake  flavored  with  ginger. — 
gin'ger-bread"=tree",  re.  1. 
The  doom=palm.  2.  A  tree  of 
the  rose  family  of  West  Africa, 
bearing  a  farinaceous  stone* 
fruit  called  the  gingerbreads 
plum. — gin'ger-snap",  re.  A  small,  flat,  brittle  cake  or  bis- 
cuit flavored  with  ginger. — gingerbread 'work,  re.  Cheap 
and  tawdry  ornamental  work. — gln'ger-y,  a.  Resembling 
ginger;  spicy;  hot=flavored. 

gln'ger-ly,  1  jin'jar-h;  2  gin'ger-ly,  a.  Cautious,  or  fas- 
tidious, as  an  act  or  movement:  used  also  adverbially. 
[<  Sw.  dial,  gingla,  go  gently.] 

ging'ham,  1  gin'am;  2  ging'am,  n.  A  cotton  dross*goods, 
usually  in  checks  or  stripes.  [<  F.  guingan,  corr.  of 
Gulngamp  (a  town  In  Brittany).] 

gink'go,  1  glnk'go;  2  glnk'go,  re.    A  Japanese  tree  cultivated 
in  the  United  Stales  for  Its  handsome 
foliage.    [Jap.]    glng'kot;  jing'kot. 

giii'seng,  1  jin'sen;  2  gm'seng,  n.  A 
Chinese  herb  with  aromatic  stimu- 
lant  root.    [  <  Chin,  jintsan.] 

Giot'to  (II  Iton-do'nc,  1  jol'lo  rli  bon- 
do'ne;  2  g6t'to  di  bon-do'ne  (1266- 
1 337 1 .  A  n  Italian  painter  and  arch  1 1  ec 

glp,  1  Up:  2  gip,  vt.  To  dlsembowe 
(flaw;  gib, 

glp'po,  1  Jlp'o;  2  glp'o,  n.  [Soldiers' 
slang.]      1.  Soup.     2.  Bacon. 

Gip'sy,  1  jip'si;  2  gtp'sy,  n.  [GlPr- 
sies*,  pi.]  1.  A  member  of  a  wan- 
dering race,  now  found  in  every 
part  of  the  world.  2.  The  lan- 
guage of  that  race.  3.  [g-]  An  un- 
conventional person;  especially,  a 
hoydenish  girl.  [  <  EGYPTIAN, 
abbreviation.!       GIp'seyt.     glp'sys 

moth",  n.  a  European  moth  naturalized  in  Eastern  New 
England  about  1889,  and  highly  destructive  to  foliage: 
the  male  Is  light  brown,  the  larger  female  nearly  white. 
gl-raffl'',  1  ji-raf;  2  gi-nlf',  n.  1.  A  ruminant  having  a 
very  long  neck,  and  the  hind  limbs  generally  shorter 
than  the  fore  ones.    2.  [G-]  The  constellation  Camelo- 


Cotton-gln. 

r  cotton;   B,  lap;    C, 


l  .in    I'M!' 


Giraffe 


pardalis.  3.  [U.  S.]  A  cagedike  mine=car  especially 
adapted  for  inclines.     [F.,  <  Ar.sP  zaraf,  giraffe.] 

gir'an-dole,  1  jir'an-dol;  2  glr'an-dol,  n.     1.  A  branching 
chandelier  or  bracket»Hght.     2.  A  rotating  firework;  any 
rotating  jet.    3.  Fort.  A  connection 
ol  several   mines.     4.  A   pendent 
piece  of  jewelry.     [F.,   <  L.  gyro, 
turn.] 

Gi-rard',  1  ji-rard';  2  gi-rard',  Ste- 
phen (1750-1S31).  An  American 
banker;  founded  Girard  College, 
Philadelphia. 

gir'a-sol,  1  jlr'a-sel  or  -sol;  2  gir'a- 
sol  or  -sol,  11.  Mineral.  A  bluish* 
white  translucent  opal  with  red- 
dish reflections.  fire'=o"palt.  [F., 
<  It.  girasole,  sunflower,  <  girare, 
turn  (<  gyro;  see  gyrate,  v.),  + 
sole,  sun,  <  L.  sol.  sun.]  gir'a-solej. 

gird1,  1  gurd;  2  gird,  vt.  [gird'ed11 
or  girt;  gird'ing.]  1.  To  bind 
around  or  about,  as  with  a  belt. 
2.  To  encompass;  encircle.  [< 
AS.  gyrdan.] 

gird2d,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  attack  with 
sarcasm;  gibe;  jeer.  2f-  To 
smite.     3t»    To  rush.     [  <  AS.  gyrd,  rod]     gerdt- 

gird1,  re.  1.  A  sarcastic  thrust;  taunt;  gibe;  sneer.  2t-  A  cut- 
ting stroke;  hence,  a  pang.    3t.  A  spurt. 

gird2,  re.  [Scot.]  A  girth;  a  hoop,  girri. 

gird'er1,  1  gfjrd'ar;  2  gird'er,  n.  1.  A  principal  horizontal 
beam,  or  a  compound  structure  acting  as  a  beam,  re- 
ceiving vertical  load  and  bearing  vertically  upon  its  sup- 
ports. 2.  One  who  or  that  which  girds  or  encompasses. 
— gird'er-age,  n.    Girders  collectively. 

gird  'er2,  n.    A  person  who  girds  or  gibes. 

gir'dle,  11  gur'dl;  2  gir'dl.     I.  vt.     [gir'dl(e)dp;  gir'- 

gir'dlp,  )  dling]     1.  To  fasten  a  girdle  or  belt  around. 

2.  To  encompass.  3.  To  make  an  encircling  cut  through 
the  bark  of  (a  branch  or  tree).  II.  re.  1.  A  belt  used  for 
girding  a  loose  garment  about  the  waist.  2.  Anything 
which  encircles  like  a  belt.  3||.  A  small  band  or  fillet 
encompassing  a  column.  4.  Coahmining.  A  thin  sand- 
stone stratum.  5.  Anat.  The  ring«like  arrangement  of 
bones,  by  which  the  limbs  of  a  vertebrate  animal  are 
attached  to  the  trunk.     [  <  AS.  gyrdel.] 

girl,  1  gurl;  2  girl,  re.  1.  A  female  infant  or  child,  or  a 
young  unmarried  woman.  2.  [Colloq.]  A  maid  servant. 
[<  LG.  gor,  child.]— girl 'hood,  re.  The  state  or  time  of 
being  a  girl. — girl'ish,  a.  Like  or  pertaining  to  a  girl.  Syn.: 
see  youthful. — girl  'Ish-lj ,  adv. — girl'ish  -ness,  re. 

gim,  1  gOrn  or  girn;  2  girn  or  girn,  vt.  [Scot.]  1.  To  grin.  2. 
To  growl  or  grumble.  [glr'nelt. 

glr'nall,  1  gOr'nal;  2  gir'nal,  re.    [Scot]    Same  as  granary. 

Gl"ronde',  1  3i"rehd';  2  zW'rond',  re.  The  moderate  repub- 
lican party  during  the  llrst  French  revolution  (1791-1793). 
[<  Gironde,  a  department  of  France.] — Gi-ron'dlsi,  n.  Gl- 
ron'dinj.— Gi-ron'dist,  a.  [girth  of. 

girt,  1  gurt;  2  girt,  vt.  &  vi.    1.  To  gird.    2.  To  measure  the 

girt,  1  gurt;  2  girt,  i?np.  of  gird,  v. 

girt,  pa.  1.  Naut.  Moored  so  as  to  prevent  swinging  by  wind 
or  tide.    2.  Entom.  Braced,  as  a  chyrsalls. 

girth',  1  gurth;  2  girth,  vt.     To  bind  as  with  a  girth. 

girth,  n.  1.  A  band  or  strap  for  fastening  a  pack  or  sad- 
dle to  a  horse's  back.      2.  Anything  that  girds  or  binds. 

3.  The  circumference  of  an  object.  4.  A  circular  band- 
age.   [<  Ice.  gjOrth,  girdle,  girth.] 

gist,  1  jist;  2  gist,  n.  The  substance  or  pith  of  a  matter 
in  law,  the  essential  cause  of  action.  [  <  OF.  yiste,  place 
of  rest,  <  gesir,  He,  <  L.  jacco,  lie.] 

git 'tern  ||,1  git'arn;2glt'ern,re.  A  musical  Instrument,  strung 
w  llh  wires;  a .  zll her  or  cithern.  [<  OF.  gutter nc,  <  h.  cit/i- 
ara,  <  Gr.  kitliara.  a  lyre.] 

glun'ta,  1  jfin'tn;  2  gun'ta,  n.  Hist.  l.  Venetian  patricians 
who  served  ils  assessors  to  the  Council  of  Ten.  'i.  The  sixty 
senators  elected  In  the  Venetian  republic  to  administer  the 
affairs  of  state.  Compare  junta.  [It.,  Junta,  <  L.  jungo, 
join.) 

glustt,  v.  &  n.    Same  as  just. 

give, )  1  giv;  2  glv,  v.    [gave;  giv'en,  giv'n1';  giv'inu  ]   I. 

giv1', )  (.    I.  To  bestow  gratuitously.    2.  To  transfei  to 

another  in  exchange  as  a  price.  3,  To  hand  over  to 
another;  deliver;  administer.     4.  To  bestow  as  due.     Si. 

To  present  for  the  gratification  or  acceptance  of  others. 
6.  To  communicate  or  impart ;  also,  to  administer  or  in- 
flict. 7.  To  utter  or  declare  by  word  or  willing;  an- 
nounce; proclaim;  pronounce.  8,  To  put  within  ones 
power.  9.  To  suppose;  assume;  also,  to  concede  in  a 
game.  10.  To  surrender:  with  "/».  11,  To  yield  as  a 
product  or  result.    12.  To  be  the  author,  source,  or  oc- 


I  i  0       .'     or;   full,  rftl.-;   but.  I. Urn; 

it  It.loe;  I  — 8;  I  -  P;  go.  not.  Or.  won. 


X'.O 


i  ;  ihil  il  i"  tin- 

III  m  Ih<"  lilli' 

' 
;  4.  r..  furiu.-l. 

- 

:  often  ol 

.\  S,  111.  ill 
t<  \t  to  Itl- 

•  I  in  It.i  primary 

mor;  we  grant  ii 

degree,  retains; 
i  thai  of 

Ynt.:  accept,  assume, 

i  vim  to.    '.'.  Specl- 

iiii  it.       •  me  » tin  gives. 
.  .  elasticity  - 

1.  itomach 

'.'.  I  he  firsl  stom- 
d  entrails  of  poultry. J 
itl., 

W  Ithout  hair  nr  down; 
w  ithout  hair.) 

I  n  or  cooled.    2. 

[l-'l 
1.   I'crtainii 
'.. 

:><  arancc  at  or.li- 
.in  acids.    [  <  L.  gl 
i  .I.,,  ill  epoch  .■  ..   u  i'i  BI8TO- 

g.  theory,  .       •  .  ated  p..ri ions 

red  during  the 
emitter  ecu.   ■  moving  glaciers,  thai  trans- 

parti  gla  dal-ly, 

rja  1 1- 1'-  .  i  ■. overspread 

gla"»  l-a'tlon,  n. 
.  sher  or  gl&g'i-Sr,  n. 

r.-nnial 

•  -lowly  down- 
mtil  it  either  melts, 

IT  iu  the-  form  of  il 
i       I    ,  <  glact .  ice,  <  L.  glacies, 

■  ii  .  i-.        Vmm:  2  gla'cls.  n.    A  defensive  slope,  as  of  earth. 

I    .  <  L.glacf 

glad,  I.  qlad'dino.] 

II.  O.     [gLAD'dI.H;  i.I.Ui'iii .«  |  .]     1. 
'■Hi  ;   joyful; 

'.'.  i :       ng  in  appearance 

It.  Denoting  or 

■!.]    Syn.:  see  happy; 

gladljr,  U-ZB;  GLAD'LI-EST.]     glad'- 

■ 

•  i'-  To  make,  be,  or 

me   gUuL      I  <    AS.   gtadian,   be   glad. J       Sri 

. 

glade.  .  I .  peg  space  in  u 

-'■ 

inded  by  ice.    '.i.  An 
,i.  ] 
«!»•!  •-■»!•.  vord-shaped.    [<  L. 


(ii  ■ant. 


i.    i 

III     I. Tell 


i  auaed 


gl 


1   '"r-  'tor,  n.  Rom. 

1 

'J.  Hence, 

rli'l"l-a-torl-.il.       Klai|"l-a-lo'rl-an:. 
glad  'l-n|c.  i-<71uh  or  glif-dai'o-los;  2 

glad"l-o  In-  .  ,,r  gla-dl'o-lu8,  n. 

;  2  glad"i-o'- 

2  -ii.  or  -i.i  -  I. 

■  l-truily 

with  a  fleshy  bu. 

colored  fk  ■  :  u.    The  body  or  blade«uke  por- 


tion of  i in-  iternum,     |-    i..  gtaMoha,  sword-lily,  dim   ol 

nl.lil"l-o  I  ir. 

1 1. ill  -ii i in  .  i        ing,  feeling,  or  expressive  of  joy; 

Inn.      Syn.;   sir   UEBBT.      gild  'siimc-ly ,  ut'li. 

fi .hi  le-neas, 
'■•tone,  l  Kin  i    ton,  William  Bwarl  (1809 

i S9K       \n  I  ad  Liberal  leader     Glad- 

-in  hi-. in.  i.i.ni  "lun-lie;.  [gleam;  glance. 

glalk,  i.   \  rraud  in  trick      .•.   \ 

glair,  i  I.  I  h.  white  "i  i  .':■   ii  eda 

in  gilding,  eta     '-•    \n\     imilai    vi  cous  matter;  any- 
thing slimj    or  slippery.     |-     I-',  glaire,    •     I.    clarua, 
cleat     glaire  ;  glare  .    glair.    ■     ro  treat  with  gl 
a  book-cover  before  gilding,     glalr'e-ous,  <i.     glair'),  u. 
lair     glar'y:. 
glaire,  glaired,  etc    Same  as  slave,  eto. 
ul.ini  our.  i  l    glam'or;   2   gi&m'or,    n,      1.    A    delusion 
glamor,    [wrought  by  magic  Bpells;  charm;  enchant- 
tin -Mi     ?.  Any  artificial  interest  or  association  by  which 
an  object  is  made  to  appear  delusively  magnified  or  glo- 
rified;   illusion;   fascination;   witchery,      [Orig    Bcol  | 
glam'ert-     glam'our-ous,  a.     gunn'or^ous}.    glam'- 

oiir-iillx-l)  ,  mti 
glan;e.  1  gjans;  2  L'lane,  1      [GLANCED1;  GLANC'lNG.]     I.  t. 

To  ilnri  suddenly  or  obliquely;  direct  momentarily.   II. 
I .  I'.,  look  iii  a  i  hi  nix  hurriedly  or  indirectly,    2.  To 
bound  off  after  striking  obliquely.     S.  To  bint.     4.  To 
appear  and  disappear;  Bash.    Syn.:  see  look. 

glance,  n  1.  A  quick  or  passing  look;  Budden  or  tran- 
sient thought.  2.  A  momentary  gleam.  3- An  oblique 
rebound.  4.  Mining.  A  lustrous  ore.  [<  Sw.  or  D. 
(ihnis.  splendor.) 

gland,  1  gland;  2  gland,  n.  1.  An  organ  by  means  of 
which  constituents  are  removed  from  the  blood.  2.  A 
special  secreting  organ  in  plants;  also,  any  similarly 
Shaped  organ.  3.  Mech.  One  of  various  parts  that  hold 
something  in  place.  [<  F.  glande,  <  L.  gUn 
acorn. 1  glan-dlf'er-ous,  a.  Bearing  acorns  or  similar 
nuts.— gland 't-form",  a.  Acorn-shaped.-  glan'du-lar, 
a.  Pertaining  to,  beating,  or  of  the  nature  of.  glands. 
glan'du-lose!;  glan'du-lous?.-  glan"dii-la'tion,  n. 
rhe  glandulai  structure  of  plants. — glan'dule,  n.  A 
small  gland. 

glan'ders,  1  Klan'darz;  2  KUn'derg,  n.  Vet.  Med.  A  con- 
tagious disease  affecting  especially  the  nose  and  air- 
passages  of  the  horse.    [<  oland.] 

glans,  i  glanz;2glans.'n.  [glan'dbb,  1  glan'dIz;2Slan'dEs,  pi.] 
An  acorn,  or   an  acorn-like  part  or  Instrument;  a  gland. 

glare,  1  ular;  2  glar,  w.  [glased;  GLAB  ING.]  1.  To  shine 
with  fierce  intensity,     t.  To  gaze  or  stare  fiercely.     ;i. 

To  be  unpleasantly  brilliant  or  gaudy.    [ME.  glari  n/cp. 

\S     '.'.  amber. |    S.vn.:  see  BHiNE.  —  glaring,  pa.    1. 

Ing  an  excessively  brilliant  li^'ht.    'i.  Plainly  evident; 

notorious.      :$.   Characterized   by  a   fierce  stare.     Syn.:  see 
appabent;  evident;  manifest. — Klar'lng-1}',  adv. 

glare,  a.  [tj.  S.j   Having  a  glossy,  smooth  surface. 

glare  ,  n.  1.  A  dazzling  light.  2.  An  intense  and  piercing 
look  or  gaze,  usually  hostile.     Syn.:  see  light. 

glare,  n.  [U.  S]  A  glassy,  smooth  surface.  [<  F.  glaire, 
white  ol  an  egg.]— glar'r,  a. 

Glas'gOW,  1  glas'go;  2  glas'go,  n.  A  seaport  city  (pop.  1.072. - 
800)  on  the  Clyde  river,  Scotland;  cathedral,  university,  and 
shipyards. 

glaS8,l  gifts; 2glas.  V-.tt.  1.  To  reflect  as  in  a  mirror.  2. 
ro  glaze.  11.71.  1.  A  compound  of  silica  with  metallic 
ozids:  usually  transparent  and  brittle.  2.  Any  fused 
substance  resembling  glass.  3.  Any  article  made  wholly 
or  partly  of  glass,  as  a  mirror  or  a  drinking«vessel.  4. 
One  of  various  optical  instruments;  in  the  plural,  spec- 
tacles or  eye-glasses.  5.  An  instrument  in  which  glass 
forms  a  conspicuous  part,  as  a  thermometer  or  a  barom- 
eter. 0.  The  contents  of  a  drinking=glass.  [  <  AS. 
glxs.]— flint  glass,  glass  containing  lead,  crystal  glass: 
— plate  g.,  glass  pound  out  on  a  large  iron  table  and  rolled 
to  the  desired  thickness. — glass'  =  blow"ing,  n.  The  process 
of  blowing  viscid  molten  glass  Into  any  desired  form.— g.= 
blower,  n.-  -g.  eye,  an  artificial  eye  made  of  glass. — glass '- 
ful,  n.  As  much  as  Is  or  can  be  contained  In  a  drinking- 
glass.  —  g.sfurnace,  n.  A  furnace  for  fusing  together  the  ma- 
terials of  which  glass  is  made,  or  one  for  reinclting  glass-frit 
and  making  it  ready  for  working.— g.'hOUBe,  n.  1.  A  fac- 
tory where  glass  Is  made.  2.  A  hothouse  or  greenhouse  --g.* 
metal,  n.  The  fused  Ingredients  used  In  the  manufacture  of 
glass.-  g.  snake,  n.  1.  A  slender  snake-like  lizard  of  the 
southern  United  States,  having  a  very  brittle  tall.  2.  An  Old 
World  snake-llke  lizard.—  glass'ware",  n.  Articles  made  of 
glass. — glass'work",  n.  The  manufacture  of  glass  articles. 
etc.;  also,  articles  made  of  glass. — glass'wort",  n.  Any 
of  several  low  saline  seaside  herbs,  formerly  used  In  glass- 
making;  samphire.— glass  'y,  a.    Composed  of  or  like  glass; 


1:8=  final;    l  =  habltj^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    rj  =  Bing;    fhin,   thia.  give 

351  2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   bfit,    burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  glory 


having  a  hard,  fixed  appearance.— glass  'My,  adv. — glass'- 
l-ness,  n. 

glan-co'ma,  1  gle-ko'ma;  2  gla-eo'ma,  n.  An  affection  of  the 
eye  characterized  by  opacity  of  the  vitreous  humor,  far* 
sightedness,  and  ultimate  blindness.    [L.,  <  Gr.  glaukoma, 

<  glaukos,  bluish=gray.] 

glau 'cous,  1  gle'kus;  2  gla'cus,  a.  1.  Sea=green.  2.  Bot. 
Covered  with  a  blulsh«white  bloom.  [  <  L.  glaucus,  <  Gr. 
glaukos.  bluish=gray.] 

glave,  >  1  glev;  2  glav,  n.    1.  A  weapon  like  a  halberd,  fast- 

glalve,  \  ened  to  the  end  of  a  pole.  2|| .  A  broadsword.  [OF., 
lance,  <  L.  gladius,  sword.] — glaved,  glaived,  a.  Armed 
with  a  glave. 

glaze,  1  glez;  2  glaz,  v.  [glazed;  glaz'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
furnish  with  glass.  2.  To  give  a  glassy  or  glossy  appear- 
ance or  coating  to.  3.  To  cover  with  transparent  color, 
so  as  to  modify  the  tone:  said  of  a  painting.  II.  i.  To 
become  glassy.  [ME.  glascn,  <  glas,  <  AS.  glses, 
glass.] — glaz'er,  re. — gla'zier,  re.  1.  One  who  fits  panes  of 
glass.    2.  One  who  applies  glaze  to  pottery. — glaz'ing,  re. 

1.  A  glaze.  2.  The  act  or  art  of  applying  glaze.  3.  Window* 
panes  collectively;  glasswork. 

glaze,  n.    A  smooth,  shining  surface;  a  glossy  coating,  or 

a  substance  used  to  produce  it,  as  on  pottery  or  tiles. 
gleam,  1  glim;  2  glem.     I.  vi.     To  shine  out  suddenly  or 

briefly;  glow.    It.  re.    1.  Light  radiated  or  darted  forth; 

a  glimmer;  flash.  2.  Something  likened  to  a  glow  of  light. 

[<  AS.  glxm;  cp.  glimmer.]   Syn.:  (verb)  see  shine;  (noun) 

see  light. — gleam 'y,  a. 
glean,  1  glln;  2  glen,  vt.  &  vi.     1.  To  gather  (leavings) 

after  removing  a  crop;  gather  item  by  item  laboriously. 

2.  To  remove  the  gleanings  from  (land) ;  gather  glean- 
ings. [<  OF.  glener,  <  LL.  gleno.] — glean'er,  n. — 
glean 'ing,  re.  That  which  is  collected  by  a  gleaner;  a  re- 
maining portion. 

glebe,  1  glib;  2  glcb,  n.  1.  [Gt.  Brit]  A  portion  of  land 
attached  to  a  parish  church.    2§.  The  turf;  soil.    [OF., 

<  L.  glcba,  clod.] 

glede,  1  gild;  2  gled,  n.  The  European  kite;  also,  some  simi- 
lar bird.     [<  AS.  glida,   <   glldan,  glide.]     gledf.  [Scot..]. 

gledgc,  1  glej;  2  gledg.  [Scot.]  I.  vi.  To  glance  slyly;  look 
askance.    II.  n.    A  sly  glance.    [<  Ice.  glja,  glitter.] 

glee,  1  gli;  2  gle,  n.  1.  Mirth;  gaiety;  merriment.  2. 
Mus.  A  composition  for  three  or  more  voices,  without 
accompaniment.  [<  AS.  glcd.]  Syn.:  see  laughter. — 
glee'ful,  a.— glee'somej. 

gleed,  1  glid;  2  gled,  pa.  [Scot.]  Same  as  gleyed.     glee'dt. 

gleed||,  re.  A  coal  of  fire;  flame;  cinder.  [<  AS.  gled,  glowing 
coal,  <  glowan.  glow.) 

gleekt,  vt.  &  vi.    To  sport;  jeer  at.    [  <  AS.  gelacan,  delude.] 

glee'manll,  re.    [-men,  pi.]    A  wandering  singer. 

gleet,  1  gilt;  2  glet,  n.  A  slimy  mucous  discharge  from  a  mu- 
cous membrane.     [  <  OF.  glele ,  mucus.] 

gleg,  1  gleg;  2  gleg,  a.  [Scot.]  Quick;  nimble.  [<  Ice.  gloger, 
clever.]— gleg'ly,  adv. 

glen,  re.  A  small,  secluded  valley.  [  <  Gael,  gleann.] 
Syn.:  see  valley. 

glen-gar'ry,  1  glen-gar'i;  2  glen-gar'y,  re.  A  woolen  Scotch 
cap,  high  in  front  and  sloping  backward,  adjusted  to  the  size 
of  the  head  by  a  lacing  ribbon  at  the  back.  [  <  Glengarry,  a 
valley  In  Scotland.]    Glen-gar'ry  bon'netf. 

gle'nold,  1  gli'nold;  2  gle'noid.  o.  1.  Hollowed  like  a  shallow 
pit :  specifically  said  of  the  articular  cavities  or  fossae  of  the 
scapula  and  the  temporal  bone.  2.  Having  a  shallow  cavity. 
[  <  Or.  glenocides,  like  a  ball»and=sockct  joint,  <  glene, 
socket;  and  see  -oid.] 

gleyed,  1  gled  or  gild;  2  gled  or  gled,  pi.  [Scot.]  <'ross=eyed; 
oblique;  hence,  wrong.    [<  ice.  gljd.  glitter.) 

glib,  1  glib;  2  glib,  a.  Speaking  with  plausible  fluency; 
voluble;  flippant.  [<  D.  glibbcren,  freq.  of  glippen, 
slide.]  —  glib'ly,  adv.— gllb'ness,  re.  [der-yt. 

gild 'dor,  1  glld'er;  2  glld'er,  a.  U'rov.  Eng.]  Slippery,    glld'- 

glide,  1  gloid;  2  gild.  I.  vi.  [glid'ed"1  or  glid;  glid'ing.1 
1.  To  move,  slip,  or  flow  onward  rapidly,  smoothly,  and 
easily.  2.  Aero.  To  fly,  without  power,  down  a  slant  oi 
air.  II.  n.  1.  The  act  of  gliding;  a  gliding  motion.  2. 
Mus.     An  unbroken  passage  from  tone  to  tone;  a  slur. 

3.  Phon.    A  sound  made 

in    transition,    as     from   %  ]v~~v^     Wright  Gilder, 

vowel  to  consonant  or 
from  beginning  to  end  of 
a  diphthong.  4.  A  glid- 
ing step  in  waltzing;  a 
waltz  in  which  this  move- 
ment Is  used.  [<  AS. 
glldan.]    Syn.:  see  FLOW. 

glld'er,  1  glnld'ar;  2  glld'er, 

n.  One  who  or  that  which  glides:  especially,  a  device  for 
gliding  on  the  air,  as  a  motorics*  aeroplane  dependent  upon 

gravity  for  Its  propulsion.         [merit,.    :j.  A  look;  expression. 
gllff,  1  gllf;  2  gllf,  n.  [Scot.]  1,  Fright.    2.  A  glimpse;  a  mo- 


glim,  1  glim;  2  glim,  n.  1.  [Slang.]  A  light;  candle.  2.  [Scot.] 
A  glimmer;  a  momentary  glance. 

glirn'mer,  1  glim'dr;  2  glim'er.  I.  vi.  To  gleam  fitfully; 
flicker;  hence,  to  show  uncertain  signs  of  existence.  II. 
re.  1.  A  faint,  unsteady  light;  a  gleam.  2.  A  momen- 
tary apprehension;  glimpse;  as,  a  glimmer  of  the  truth. 
[  <  Dan.  glimre.]  Syn.:  see  light.—  glim 'mer-lng,  pa.  &  re. 

glimpse, )  1  glimps;  2  gllmps.     I.  vt.  &  vi.     [glimpsed4, 

glimpss, )  glimpst8;  glimps'ing.]  To  catch  a  glimpse  of; 
look  for  an  instant;  glance;  appear  for  an  instant  only. 
II.  re.  1.  A  momentary  view  or  look.  2.  A  swift,  pass- 
ing appearance.    [  <  AS.  gleomu.] 

glint,  1  glint;  2  glint.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  reflect  the  flash  of ; 
gleam;  glance;  glitter.  II.  re.  A  gleam;  flash.  [  <  Old 
Dan.  glinte,  shine.] 

gllsk,  1  glisk;  2  glisk,  re.  [Scot.]  A  gleam  of  light;  glimpse. 

glls-sadc ',  1  gh-sed'  or  -sad' :  2  gl  i-sad'  or  -sad',  re .  1.  The  act  of 
sliding  or  slipping  down  a  slope,  as  of  ice  or  snow.  2.  A  slid- 
ing step  In  dancing;  glide.    [F.] 

glis'ten,  1  glis'n;  2  glis'n.  I.  vi.  To  sparkle  as  with  re- 
flected light;  shine;  gleam.  II.  n.  A  shining,  as  by  re- 
flection from  a  wet  surface.  [  <  AS.  glisnian,  <  stem  of 
glisian,  shine.]    Syn.:  see  light;  shine. 

glls'terll,  vi.  &  n.    Same  as  glitter. 

glit'ter,  1  glit'ar;2glit'er.  I.  vi.  To  shine  as  a  hard,  pol- 
ished surface;  sparkle;  gleam;  be  brilliant.  II.  n.  Spar- 
kle; brilliancy.  [ME.  gliteren.]  Syn.:  (verb)  see  shine; 
(noun)  see  light. 

gloam,  1  glom;  2  glom,  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  or  become  dusky 
like  twilight;  gloom.    [Var.  of  gloom.] — gloamd1*,  pp. 

gloam'ing,  1  glom'in;  2  glom'ing,  n.  The  twilight; 
dusk. 

g!oatd,  1  glot;  2  glot,  vi.  To  gaze  steadily  with  cruel  or 
malign  satisfaction;  exhibit  evil  pleasure  or  exultation. 
[<  Ice.  glotta,  grin.] 

glo'batc,  1  glo'bet;  2  glo'bat,  a.  Globcshaped;  spherical; 
hence,  rounded;  complete,    glo'bat-edt. 

globe,  1  glob:  2  glob,  re.  1.  A  perfectly  round  body;  ball; 
sphere.  2.  The  earth.  3.  A  sphere  on  which  Is  a  representa- 
tion of  the  geography  of  the  earth  or  of  the  heavens.  4.  A 
hollow  globular  vessel  or  the  like.  [F.,  <  L.  globus,  ball.] 
— globe'fish",  re.  A  fish  able 
to  inflate  itself  into  a  globular 
form.— glo'boso,  a.  Nearly 
globular,  glo'bousj.  Syn.: 
see  round.  —  glo-bos'i-ty, 
n.  —  glob'u-lar,  a.  Spher- 
ical. Syn.:  see  orbicular;  i 
round.  —  glob'ule,  re.  A 
small  globe  or  spherical  par- 
ticle. 

glob'u-lous,  1  glob'yu-lus;  2 
gl6b'yu-lus,  a.  Of  the  shape 
of  a  small  globe;  globular; 
spherical,    glob'u-loscf.. 

glom'er-ate,  1  glom'ar-ct;  2  glom'er-at,  vt.  &  vi. 

-at"ing.]  To  gather  or  wind  into  a  ball;  collect  Into  a  spher- 
ical form  or  mass.  [  <  I...  glomeratus,  pp.  of  glomcro,  make  a 
ball,  <  glomus  iglomcr-),  ball  of  yarn.] — glom'er-ate,  a. — 
glom"er-a'tlon||,  ». 

gloom,  1  glum;  2  gloom.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  be  or  become 
gloomy;  darken;  be  dismal.  II.  re.  Darkness;  obscur- 
ity; hence,  melancholy;  sorrow;  misfortune.  [<  AS. 
glom,  <  glowan,  glow.] —gloom 'y,  a.  [QL00M'I-ER; 
gloom'i-est.]  Full  of  gloom;  dark;  dismal;  melancholy. 
Syn.:  see  dark;  morose;  sad.— gloom  'My,  adv.— gloom  '- 
i-ness,  n. 

glo'rl-a,  1  glo'n-a;  2  glo'rl-a,  re.  An  ascription  of  praise;  par- 
ticularly a  doxology  sung  or  recited,  in  the  service  of  various 
churches,  as  the  Gloria  I'.ilri,  beginning  in  English  with 
the  words,  "Glory  be  to  the  Father."  and  the  Gloria  In 
Excolsls,  beginning.  "(Jlory  be  to  God  on  high."   [I...  glory.) 

glo'ri-fy,  1  glo'ri-fai;  2  glo'ri-fy,  vt.  [-fied;  -fy"ing]  1. 
To  ascribe  glory  to;  adore.  2.  To  exalt  to  a  stale  of 
glory;  beatify.  3.  To  elevate  in  honor;  reflect  glory 
upon.  [<  L.*  gloria,  glory,  +  facio,  make.]  Syn.:  see 
praise. — glo"rl-li-oa'tlon,  re. — glo'rl-li"er,  n. 

glo'rl-ole,  1  glo'n-ol;  2  glO'rl-01,  n.  A  halo  or  a  glory.  [<L. 
gloriola,  dim.  of  gloria,  glory.) 

glo'rl-ous,  1  glo'n-us;  2  glo'ri-us,  a.  1.  Full  of  glory; 
illustrious;  grand;  noble.  2.  [Colloq.]  Extremely  de- 
lightful; splendid.  [OF.,  <  L  gloriosus,  <  gloria, glory.] 
Syn.:  see  BRIGHT;  illustrious. — glo'rl-ous-lj ,  adv. 

glo'ry,  1  glo'n;  2  glo'ry.  I.  vi.  [qlo'hibd;  OLO'ry-INQ.] 
1.  To  fed  exultant  pleasure;  take  pride;  exult:  com- 
monly followed  by  '"  '!■  To  urround  like  a  halo  or 
glory.  II.  ii.  [qlo'BIBB*,  pi.]  1.  Distinguished  honor  or 
ornament;  exalted  reputation.  2.  That  by  which  a 
tiling  is  glorified;  occasion  of  praise;  honorable  bon  I 
3.  Splendor  of  state;  grandeur;  magnificence,  4.  Praise; 
adorn t ion.     5.  The  quality  of  being  radiant;  luster.     $t 


<!....  la  .         ....  I  «t.  Or;    fllll.rOle;    but.bOrn: 


• 


■ 


I    A  Ir-xi- 

I  n  wi  irk  : 

glut)    -i-rlM. 

I .      I  •     ' 

i .  \  department 

'  I  mguages. 

3.   I  In 


I  .,:.,-      ■'.    \  phllol- 

maklng 


'  -i-deg, 

I !n'  lar- 

Ui»,  <  gldtta, 

i    Bumpbxe) .  Duke 

I   during   mil  ■ 
:    Richard,  mike  «>r 
;  ls3.  us  Richard  III. 
,    m.;  pop.  329,000). 
i  Gloe'tert. 

I.  .    •...  |    To  pul 

II. 
•  h  for  each  finger.     [AS. 

I.        1 .  ;hl  :nnl  heat, 

.'.   i   i  feel  or  emit 

4.  To  flush 

Klon  lug.  Having  :i  glow; 

right;  t  toi 

■:•  atod  substance. 

•'!.   Fervid 

Uhcan.]     Syn.: 

I        W  MIMTII  glow  '- 

'■  male  nf 
wapborcM-viu  light.   2.    [U.S.]   The  luml- 

i.    To  stare  frowningly; 

I.  '.I  .n/.'lMi    )      1. 

II.         I    .  Specious  show. 
glose 

'.".   Vnnotation. 
■  up;  gleam. 
.    i  -  •.  r  i  n  i  r  1 1 ,  n    flu  m.   A  hard 

I  i  i  Ml  M. 
■r->  I  ll-u  ■■■    . 

<  hrtfttoph  WUIIbald,  Utter  ron 
1  .•  mtaa  musical  eon  poser 

I  ■  >und  largely 

and  in  tie 

■  n  pared 
with   sulfuric   acid. 


clu< 


■ 
rlum, 


g  I  u  n  1 1 

elm. 


elu  (• 

glu  tl-nou- 


I 


■  .  ]    To 

1 1. 

■ii  boiling  cer- 

l     ,.i  irdume.] 

•  i . .  -in 

Ii   ol  the  in- 


.i.i 
II. 


.•Ii  albuminous 

.-'III     ll-llo-'l-lv  . 

?Iue;  sticky.    2.  Pervaded 


wiiii  mi.  k\  matter    Byn    see  i ivi      glu'tKnous-ly, 

|  In    H-IUI1I-.-M. >M, 

k  I  ii  (  ion.  l  glut'n;  L"  glat'n,  n,  One  who  gluts  himself 
with  food  and  drink :  al  irntivelj      I       I    r 

glut    loll-oils.  -ly,    ,:,:•         gllll'- 

lon-) .  bltol  eating  to  excess;  voracll  | 

g|yr'er»ln,    i  ,  -in  or  -In;  2  •.  -In  or 

gl> c  cr-liic,  I   iii.  n      A  thick,  oily,    iweot.  liquid  oom- 

ol  carbon,  hydrogen,  and  oxygon,  formed  in  the 

ion  of  fats,  and  used  in  making  confectionery, 

i  ..  .        .    we<  i  I      gljrVr-li',  .1 

glj  ,  o-gen,  i  i'I.hi  .  ".\  white,  mealy! 

amorphous  compound  contained  In  annual  tissues,  xs  the 

h\.-i  ■  ■  QEN.] 

glyph,  1  gllf;  2  gl?f,  n.    I.  a  vertical  groove  or  ohannel,  as  in 
rchltecture      '.'.   A    picture  representing  an  Idea; 

hieroglyph.    |  •,  Gr.  glypM,  carving,  ■    glyphO,  engrave.]— • 

glj  i > i ■  ii . 
glypb-og'ra-phy,  l  gUf-eg'rs  h:2  glyl  Og'ra-fy,  a.    A  proeeea 

fur  making  relief  plates  for  prlnl  Ing  bj  engraving  the  design 

on  a  copperplate  covered  with  a  wax  film.    [■    Or   glyphi 
i  in     ■    an  ipht.] 
glyp'tlc,  l  gUp'Ok;  2  glyp'tle,  a.    1.  Pertaining  to  carving  or 

engraving,     i-  Minimi.  Exhibiting  Dguree.    [<  <;r.  glyp- 

Htow,  i  irve.]    glyp  'tics,  n.    The  art  of  cutting 

designs  on  precious  stones,  shells,  etc. 
glyp'to-graph,  1  gllp'to-grof ;  2  glyp'to-graf ,  it.    A  design  out 

.  in     [  •    Gr  glvpto  .  can  ■  •'  ■    write  I 

glyp-tog'ra-phy,  1  gllp-teg're-h;  2  glyp-t6g'ra-fy,  n     1.  The 

an  or  operation  of  engraving  <m  precious  stones  or  the  like. 

'i.  The  M fiily  of  engraved  gems. 

G.M.,  abbr.    Grand  Master.— gm.,  abbr.    Gram 

guar  ,  l  nor:  l*  niir,  m'.    To  snarl  or  growl;  quarrel,    gnarrt. 

gnarl.  1  nurl;  2  narl,  it.  To  snarl;  growl.  [Akin  to  (!. 
knur)        I  I  ren.] 

Snarl,  i  \  protuberance  on  a  trunk  or  branch;  a  tough 
knot.  [Akin to LG.  Jfcnorre,  knot.]  gnarl(e)dp,  o.  Ex- 
hibiting gnarls;  knotty;  cross-grained;  distorted,    gnarl') ;. 

gnash,  i  hi  i, ;  2  nash,  ft.  To  grind  or  snap  (tne  teeth) 
i    ini age. 

gnal,  1  oa1 ;  L'  n&t,  n.  A  small  twewinged  Bj  ua\  ing  long, 
manj  jointed  antennae,  [<  AS.  onset.)     gnat'catch"er, 

\  small  American  bird  having  a  graduated  tall  and  short 

B.  lllgS. 

gnaw,  1  no;  2  na,  it.  &  vi.  1.  To  oat  away  little  by  little; 
bite  repeatedly  'J.  To  corrode;  ea1  or  frel  away.  [< 
nagan .]  —  gnaw'er,  «.— gnaw'Ing,  n.  Constant  bit- 
ing, fretting,  or  craving. 

gneiss,  1  nais;  2  nls,  n.  Geol.  A  crystallized  rock,  re- 
.-.  milling  granite.     [G.] — gneiss'if,  a. 

gnome1,  1  n6m;  2  nom,  n.  1.  One  of  a  fabulous  race  of 
dwarfed  goblins.  2.  A  dwarf.  :i.  I  >ne  of  various  hum- 
ming»birds;  also,  the  pygmy  owl  of  North  America.  [F.] 
gnom'lsh,  a. 

gnome  ,  1  nom;  2  nOm,  ji.  A'plthy  proverbial  .saying:  maxim. 
[I.I...  <  Gr.  gnOml,  thought,  maxim,  <  gignOskO,  know.]  — 
gnom'lc,  a.  1.  Dealing  in  gnomes.  2.  Gram.  Expressing  a 
maxim  or  a  universal  truth. 

gno'inoii,  1  no'mon;2n6'mon,  n.  1.  The  triangular  piece 
whose  shadow  points  out  the  time  of  day  on  a  sun-dial, 
or  anything,  as  a  pillar,  answering  a  similar  purpose.  2. 
The  iiiil.x  of  the  hour-circle  of  a  globe.  3.  (Icom.  The 
figure  that  remains  after  a  parallelogram  has  been  re- 
moved from  the  corner  of  a  similar  but  larger  par- 
allelogram. [I..,  <  Gr.  gnomon;  see  gnome1.]— gno- 
inon'lcs,  n.  The  science  of  dialing  or  of  constructing  sun- 
dials. 

guo  'sis.  1  no'sis;  2  nO'sls.  n.  Cognition;  especially,  the  higher 
knowledge  of  mysteries;  philosophic  Insight.  [<  Gr.  gnosis. 
knowing,  <  gignOskO,  know.] 

Gnos'tl-Clsm,  1  no.s'ii-sizm;2n6s'tl-cIsm,n.  A  philosophical 
and  religious  system 


Whltentalled 
Gnu.     V»a 


(1st  to  6th  centu- 
ry) leaching  that 
knowledge  rather 
than  faith  was  the 

key  to  salvation.  [  < 
Gr.  yw'jatikos,  know- 
ing, <  gigndskt), 
l  Gnos'tlc, 
a.  .^  ». 

gnu,  1  nO  or  niii;  2  nu  or  nu,  n. 
A  South-African  antelope 
having  a  bulTalo-like  head, 
an  asslike  mane,  and  a  horse- 
like tail.    [Hottentot;]  gnoot. 

go,    1  go;    2    go,    v.    [went; 

.  OO'lNG.]    I.  t.    [Colloq] 

1.  To  take,  as  shares  in  something;  as,  to  go  halves.    2. 

To  receive  with  approval;  assent  to;  tolerate.     3.  To 

put  up  at  risk;  bet.    U.  i.    1.  To  nrove  from  one  place 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  hablt^   aisle;    aii  =  «ut;    oil;    tu  =  feud;    <fh!n;    go;    t)  =  sing;    thin,   this. 
$53     2:wplf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   bQrn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


gloss 
Golgotha 


Angora  Goat. 


to  another.  2.  To  depart.  3.  To  move  customarily; 
operate,  as  a  watch,  clock,  mill,  etc.  4.  To  proceed  to  its 
proper  consequences;  be  carried;  terminate.  5.  To  be 
habitually  said  or  used.  6.  To  be  freed.  7.  To  extend, 
lead,  or  reach,  in  place,  direction,  meaning,  or  effect. 
8.  To  tend;  be  contributory.  9.  To  be  about  to  do;  in- 
tend. 10.  To  pass  into  a  state.  11.  To  have  recourse; 
resort.  12.  To  be  applicable;  suit;  fit;  belong.  13.  To 
conform  (with).  14.  To  pass  away  finally.  15.  To  be 
expended,  sold,  or  exchanged.  16.  To  strike,  as  a  clock. 
[<  AS.  gan.] 

go,  n.  [goes2,  pi.]  [Colloq.]  1.  The  fashion  or  mode.  2.  The 
capacity  for  energetic  action;  push.  3.  A  turn  of  affairs; 
predicament.     4.  A  successful  stroke.     5.  A  trial. 

— go'*be-tween",  re.  An  agent:  intermediary. — go=by, 
n.  A  slight  or  snub;  avoidance. — go-cart,  re.  A  frame  on 
casters  to  support  a  child  learning  to  walk;  a  light  cart  or 
wagon;  hand-cart. — go'er,  re. — go'lng,  re.  1.  The  act  of 
moving  or  departing.  2.  [U.  S.]  The  condition  of  roads  or 
paths.    3||.  Deportment. 

G.O.,  abbr.    General  order.— Go.,  Goth.,  abbr.    Gothic. 

goad,  1  god;  2  K'>d.  Id.  vt.  To  prick  or  drive  with  a  goad; 
stimulate;  incite.  II.  n.  A  point  set  in  the  end  of  a 
stick  for  urging  oxen;  hence,  anything  that  spurs  or  in- 
cites. [  <  AS.  gad.]  Syn.:  see  incense;  pique;  spur. 
— goads'man,  n.     An  ox-driver. 

goal,  1  gol;  2  gol,  re.  A  point  or  end  aimed  at;  the  limit, 
winning-point,  or  safety-place  of  any  game.  [  <  OF. 
gaule,  for  waule,  pole.)    Syn.:  see  aim;  end. 

goat,  1  got;  2  got,  re.  A  hollow-horned  ruminant  of  nearly 
the  size  of  the  sheep.  [  <  AS. 
gat.]— goat'herd",  re.  One  who 
tends  goats. — goat'suck"er,  re. 
A  nocturnal.  Insectivorous  bird, 
as  the  whippoorwill  or  night- 
hawk.— goat 'ish,  a. 

goa-tee',  1  go-tf;  2  go-te',  n.  A 
pointed  beard  on  the  chin. 

gob,  1  geb;  2  gob.  re.  1.  A  small 
piece  or  chunk.  2.  Mining.  An 
abandoned  working  filled  with 
refuse.     3.  Rubbish.      [Abbr.  of 

GOBBET.] 

gob 'bet,  1  geb'et;  2  gob'et.  re.  1.  A  block  of  stone.  2||.  A 
chunk;  mouthful.  [<  F.  gobet,  dim.  of  OF.  gob,  <  gober,  de- 
vour; of  Celt,  orig.;  cp.  Gael,  gob,  mouth.) 

gob'ble1, )  1  geb'l;  2  gob  1,  vt.    [gob'bled,  gob'ldp;  gob'- 

gob'lp,  J  bling]  To  swallow  (food)  greedily. — gob'- 
bler1,  n.    A  glutton. 

gob'ble2,  1  gob'l;  2  gob'l.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  utter  a  gobble, 
as  turkeys.  II.  n.  The  gurgling  sound  made  by  the 
turkey-cock.  [Imitative.]— gob 'bier2,  n.  [Colloq.]  A 
turkey-cock. 

Go"be-lin',  1  go'ba-lah';  2  go"be-lah',  n.  The  name  of  two 
brothers,  Glllcs  and  Jean,  French  dyers,  who  flourished 
about  f456  and  with  their  descendants  originated  the 
Gobelin  tapestry,  now  manufactured  by  the  state. 

Go'bl,  1  go'bl;  2  go'bl,  re.  A  desert  region  in  Mongolia  and 
E.  Turkestan. 

gob 'let,  1  gob'let;  2  gob'l£t,  re.  A  drinking-vesscl  with 
stem  and  standard.    [  <  LL.OF  cupellus,  cup.] 

goh'lin,  1  goblin;  2  gob'Iin,  n.  A  frightful  creature 
fabled  to  haunt  groves  and  grottoes;  gnome;  kobold.  [  < 
Gr.°ff  kobalos,  impudent  rogue.]      Syn.:  see  scarechow. 

go'by,  1  go'bi;  2  go'by,  re.  [-hies,  1  -biz;  2  -bis.  pi-]  A  spiny 
rayed  fish  having  ventral  fins  united  into  a  funnel-shaped 
disk.  [  <  Gr.  kdblos,  gudgeon.] 

godt.rf.    To  deify;  idolize. 

god,  1  god;  2  god,  n.  1.  [G-]  Monotheism.  The  one  Su- 
preme Being,  self-existent  and  eternal;  the  maker  and 
ruler  of  the  universe.  2.  Polytheism.  A  being  regarded 
as  possessing  supernatural  qualities  or  powers,  and  made 
an  object  of  worship  or  propitiation;  a  divinity;  deity. 
3.  Any  person  or  thing  exalted  as  the  chief  good;  any- 
thing that  absorbs  one 's  devotion,  4.  An  idol.  j<  AS. 
god.]  God's  acre,  a  burying«gro*ld.  god 'child'',  god'- 
daugh"tcr,  god'fa"ther,  god'molh"er,  g<)d'|>ar"ent, 
god'son",  one  viewed  as  holding  a  religious  relationship 
like  the  natural  one  indicated,  In  consequence  of  sponsor- 
ship at  baptism.— god 'doss,  re.  A  female  divinity.— god'- 
dess-hood,  re.  god'dcss-shlpf.  God 'head,  n.  1.  The 
essential  nature  of  God;  Deity.  2.  [g-]  GodhOOd.  god'- 
liood,  re.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  divine;  divinity.— 
god 'less,  a.  Ungodly;  atheistical;  Wicked.  Syn.:  see 
profane.-  god'less-ness,  n. — god 'like,  a.  Similar  to  God 
or  to  a  god;  divine;  of  supreme  excellence  or  beauty     god'- 

ly,«.      Filled   Willi   reverence  and    love    for    Cod;    pious. 

god'll-ly,  tutu,    god'li-ncss,  ».     The  character  of  being 

godly.  Syn.:  sec  RELIGION,     god'send",  //.     An  unexpected 
stroke  of  good  fortune  regarded  as  specially  sen!  by  <  .od. 
.    god 'ship,  n.     The  rank  or  character  of  a  god;  deity.— 


Godwit. 


To  crimp;  also,  to  raise  In 


God 'speed",  n.  A  wish  that  God  will  speed  or  prosper  one. 
— God 'ward,  ado.    Toward  God. 

god'sden"t,  n.    Good  evening. 

God'frey  of  Itoiiil  "Ion ',  1  ged'fn,  bu'yen';  2  g6d'fry,  bu"- 
yon'  (1058-1100).  Duke  of  Lower  Lorraine;  led  the  first 
crusade,  1096-1 100;  hero  of  Tasso's  Jerusalem  Delivered. 

Go-dl'va,  1  go-dai'V8;  2  go-di'va,  re.  The  wife  of  Leofric, 
Earl  of  Mercia,  England  (c.  1040) ;  said  to  have  ridden  naked 
through  Coventry  as  the  condition  of  the  removal  of  op- 
pressive taxes. 

Go-dol'phin,  1  go-del'fin;  2  go-dSl'fin,  Earl  of  (1645-1712). 
Sidney  Godolphin,  an  English  statesman. 

go-down',  1  go-daun';  2  go-down',  re.  A  Chinese  or  East* 
Indian  warehouse.    [<  Malay  godong,  warehouse.] 

God 'win,  1  god'win;  2  god'win,  Earl  (990?-1053).  An  En- 
glish statesman;  chief  minister  to  Edward  the  Confessor. 

God'win^Aus'ten,  1  ged'win-es'ten;  2  god'win-as'ten,  n.    A 
mountain  peak  in  N.  Kashmir, 
India;  2S.250  ft.  high. 

god 'wit,  1  ged'wit;  2  god'wit, 
re.  A  curlew-like  shore-bird, 
with  long  legs  and  a  long, 
slightly  upturned  bill.  [<  AS. 
goduiht.] 

Goe'thais,    1   go'fhalz;   2 
thal§,    George    Washington 
(1858—         ).  An  American  en- 
gineer ;builderof  Panama  canal. 

Goe'the,  1  gu'ta;  2  gu'te,  Jo- 
hann  Wolfgang  von  (1749- 
1S32).  A  German  poet  and 
prose-writer;  Faust. 

goffer,  1  gofer;  2  gofer.     I.  vt. 

relief.  II.  re.  A  fluting  or  crimp.  [<  OF.  gauffrer,  <  goffre, 
wafer,  <  MD.  waefel,  honeycomb.] 

Gog  and  Magog,  1  gog,  me'geg;  2  gog,  ma'gog.  Names  oc- 
curring in  the  Bible  (Ezek.  xxxviii,  2) ,  and  also  in  the  Koran. 
In  popular  usage,  two  huge  wooden  statues  in  the  London 
Guildhall. 

gog'gle, )  1  geg'l;  2  gog'l,  n.    1.  A  rolling  of  the  eyes.    2. 

gog'P,  J  pi.  Spectacles  with  tubes,  in  which  are  glasses, 
often  colored,  to  protect  against  dust  or  strong  light. 
[<  Gael,  gog,  a  nod.] — gog'gle=eye",  re.  A  staring  eye. — 
g.=eyed,  a. 

goi'ter, )  1  goi'tar;  2  goi'ter,  n.    A  morbid  swelling  of  the 

goi'tre,  J  neck.  [<  F.  goitre,  goiter.] — goi'tered,  goi'- 
terd,  a. — goi'trous,  a. 

Gol-con'da,  1  gol-kon'ds;  2  gol-con'da,  re.  1.  A  ruined  city 
in  India,  famous  in  the  16th  century  for  diamond-cutting. 
2.  Hence,  a  mine  of  wealth. 

gold,  1  gold;  2  gold,  re.  A  precious  metal  of  a  yellow  color, 
very  heavy,  ductile,  and  malleable;  this  metal  coined; 
hence,  wealth.  See  element.  [  <  AS.  gold,  <  V  ghel, 
be  yellow.]  Syn.:  see  money. — gold'=beat"er,  n.  One  who 
makes  gold-leaf.—  g.=beaters*  skin,  the  outer  coat  of  the 
ca?cum  of  the  ox  prepared  for  the  use  of  the  gold-beater. — 
g. -iliisl,  n.  Gold  In  fine  particles.  —  g.  tilled,  pa.  Denoting 
an  extra  heavy  or  thick  plate  of  gold  on  a  base  metal  foun- 
dation, as  in  watchmaking.  —  gold'linch",  re.  1.  A 
European  finch  having  a  black  hood  and  a  patch  of  brilliant 
yellow  on  the  wings.  2.  An  American  finch  purely  lemon- 
yellow,  with  black  cap,  wings,  and  tail. — gold 'fish",  re.    A 

-  small  carp  of  golden  color.— g.  foil,  re.  Thin  sheets  of  gold, 
thicker  than  gold-leaf. — g.  lace,  a  lace  wrought  with  gold  or 
gilt  thread. — g.  leal,  re.  The  finest  leaf  made  from  beaten 
gold. — gold'smith",  re.  1.  A  worker  in  gold.  2t.  A  banker. 

Gold  Coast.  A  British  crown  colony  and  protectorate  In 
Guinea,  W.  Africa;  .80,000  sq.  m.;  pop.  1,502,900. 

gold 'en,  1  gold'n;  2  gold'n,  a.  Made  of  or  like  gold;  pre- 
cious; prosperous. — gold  'en-eyc",  n.  A  large  sea-duck 
having  the  upper  parts  black,  glossed  with  green  and  violet, 
and  the  lower  parts  white.  Golden  Fleece.  Gr.  Myth.  A 
fleece  Of  gold  guarded  by  a  dragon  and  taken  by  Jason  with 

the  aid  of  Medea.  BeeARGO.  gold 'en-rod",  n.  a  North- 
American  herb  of  the  aster  family  having  rod-like  stems  and 
bright-yellow  flowers  in  clusters.— g.  rule,  the  rule  of  life 
given  in  Matt,  vil,  12:  "Whatsoever  ye  would  that  men  should 
do  lo  you,  do  ye  even  so  to  them."     gold'en-ly,  adv. 

Gold'en  Gate,  a  strait  leading  from  the  Pacific  Ocean  lo 
San  Francisco  Hay  and  harbor. 

Gold'en  Horn.    The  crescent  .-shaped  arm  of  the  Bosporus  on 

which  ( lonstantlnople  is  situated 
gold'l-loeks",  I  gold'i-loks";  2  gold'l-loks".  n.     A  buttercup; 

also,  one  of  various  plants  With  \  el  low  Bowers 
Gold'smith,  1  gold'smith:  2  gold'smith,  Oliver  (1728-1774). 

An  Irish  poel .  novel  1st,  and  dramatist. 

golf,  1  golf;  2  g<">lf,  "  A  Scottish  game  played  with  dubs 
bv  driving  a  small  resilient  ball  into  a  Beries  of  holes 
(usually  nine  or  eighteen).    [<  I).  /.<>//,  club.]-  golf'» 

rlub",  it.  I.  One  of  several  chilis  used  In  playing  golf.  ',!. 
A  company  of  golfers,      golfer,  n 

Gol'go-tha,  1  goi'go-iiui.2  gol'go  iha.  n.  Bib,  The  scene  oi 
the  Crucifixion,  qcar  Jerusalem.     Matt,  xxvll,  33. 


(••Haiti  1 

t  ,.>  iTIIIIh'll  (    . 


,  ,  ,y   not.flr:   full,  rttflj   Imt.l.Orn; 

i     loo;  I  — C;  I  -  t>;  go,  n6t,  Or,  \\6n,  3/V4 


i 

..,,  ,,..,  .1,  r 

I  Stupid: 

.     ...   ,r-llv 

I 
I 


J*J,: 


<  [fstntnoss 

iknesa  or  exhaustion; 

•i      In  Shakespeare's  Ktnv 
'  filial  Ingratitude 

one;  i/ufij. 

....n    I  i-l. Ml-I.  r    . 

shallow 

ignal-lw  11  lik.-  n.  [Malay  ] 

font-.-  Greek  gdnla,  angle, 

*,.   Ml-. .in  '.-t«T.  •.      \n  Instru- 

■•i.  fron.  mea 

go   r 1 1 -. •—  in <•  •  'rl-ral,    a. — go"iil-oin'- 

c^ir  >  .         :  -'.  I  In-  branch  of 

trkfoooux  U 

";<if.    A  Specific 

■  •t  the  muci  •    of  the 

(.r    jnnurrhoia,    < 
t*w>t.  -  K-..ii"<>r-rh<i''a:. 

pro<luctlon.  etc  .  as 
cost..  .  .   J,   <   Gr.  -gonla,   <   gtgnomal  (V 

rue. I 

..-.jo'Der.  n.  [Southern  V.  S.l  A  peanut. 


(t.MKl. 


bsbt  I     1.  Having 

•  ill  oi  that  can  t..-  made 

llent.    2. 

'   spiritual  qualities,   right- 

■\.  Having  kindly  social  qual- 

igroeable:  social.     4. 

•i -factory;  ade- 

'.-     5.  i  >f  ilu.-  force,  valid; 

. 

7 .  r  insignificant ; 

-.  rny  good  sir.   [  < 

ivantageous.  agreeable, 

fui.  cheering,  compan- 

ible,    convenient, 

■ .    fair,    favorable,    fit, 

.    .  gracious,  gratifying,  holy. 

■  ,nd.    lively,    merciful, 

profitable,  prop- 

satisfactory,  se- 

BbU,  sound,  stanch,  sterling, 

Uemished,   unfeigned,   unim- 

.:.•  irnl-t.ed,  upright,  useful,  valid,  val- 

:.  weU«quallaed, 
Good  may  at  some  time  be  a  synonym 

. ■.-■  i.u'r  Implying  advantage, 

itways  carries  a 

-;kjs<-  wlih  refer- 

•  lund.  kind,  and 

'  rung  and  heavy, 

i  good  horse:  a  ship  that  Is  stanch  and 

mey  that  hrlngs  In  sure 

■  urn  of  high  and 

■f   very  different 

■  ■  good  sold!.  ■ 

Ant--  see  syno- 


a*  k  dray-horse.  Li  a  good 

■mronhy  Is  a  good  ship:  a 

and  . 

true  moral  character  la  a  i 

char* 

par*   • 

t>«*\  Ihh.w.  Liiltal  Ini- 

tial* —  good'«de*d"-  .•    deal 

t     liuni.,r.  nper. — 

l  .humiirH.         I  heerful,  kindly 

--   pleasant.    ?  .kindly  way. 

if.  iniiii..redl> ,  adt       good  lab,  a 

i  !  reclable 

goodly, a   [-li-f.r:  -li-est.)  Having 

aptesssagappl  nance  or  -uperior  >m  .    '  ■-     eornely;   attrae- 

goodll-oess,  ■.        I.    Comeliness:    beauty. 

■  :•.  good 'man   ,  *   [-MES,  »/  ]  Master;  Mr.:  a 


Mawkishly  good; 
Graylag  Goose.  Vie 


familiar  appellation  of  civility;  also,  a  husband;  bead  oft 

famii.      g.  matured ,  a      Of  ploasani  temper     Syn.:  see 

LMuai.i    plkabani     good'ness,  n     in.'  nate  or  quality 

,.r  bring  good       syn-  see  umn      g.  speed  i  good  luck: 

•  form  "'  wishing  suca         g.  tempered,    ■     Of  ■ 

on     g.  tempered!*,  orfi      good'wllii 

i  ■  i    ml  "■    -  ol  the  bouse;   madam .  Mrs.: 

g.  win.  i.  a  desire  f.>r 

the  well«beli  I  bllshed  popularity  of 

or  the  like,     s.vu.:  see  n  i  tvoa; 

I  lilt  N 

good,  s     i.    i     .'   which  is  good  in  any  sense;  advantage; 
■    benefit;  rig!  rartue   '-'•    Advancement 

ol  well-being;  welfare.    8.  pi    Personal  property;  ..spe- 
cially, portable  chattel       Syru   ee  pbofit;  sum.  i. 

g I "  i>> '.    |  l  gud*«bai';  2  gdodM>y,  a.,  n  .  .V  inter j, 

i:ot>d"'l>)i''.  j  Farewell;  adieu.    IContr.  of  God  bi  with 

□  iu;l»lll, 

goods,  l  guds;  2  gdbdg,  ii   />/     The  plural  of  good,  n.:  as 
in  composition,  in  England,  the  equivalent  ..l 
freight  iu  United  Btati  -  i  ^oooVtrain. 

SiTl.:  see  I'll.  IP1  BT1      H  I  U  I  II 

(.o.mI  win  Bands,  l  gud'win;  2  gdbd'wln.  Dangerous  shoals, 
in  iii   long,  about  5  in.  off  the  S.  E.  Boast  Of  England. 

good'y,    1   gud'i;  2  gdodV     I. 
w  eakl  y  pious,    good'y 
good">J.  II.  n.  [oood'ies1, 

pi]      1.  A  w.akly    g 1    p.  r- 

son.  2.  An  old  and  poor 
unman.  3.  A  sweetmeat. 
[<  coodwifk] 

goo-san'der,  1  gQ-san'dar;  2  goo- 
san'der,  n.    A  merganser. 

goose,  1  gus;  2  goos,  n.  [oi  I  SB, 
pi.]  1.  A  web'footed  liird, 
larger  than  a  duck  and  smaller 
than  a  swan.  2.  The  female 
nl  the  goose:  distinguished  from  gander.  3.  [ooob'- 
h-./i/j  A  tailors'  heavy  smoothing-iron,  having  a 
curved  handle.  4.  A  silly  creature;  ninny.  5.  An 
old  game  of  chance,  played  with  dice  and  counters.  |  < 
\s  got,  pl.  git.] — goose'bWry,  n.  [-bies*,pIJ  1.  The  tart 
fruit  of  a  spiny  shrub,  also,  the  shrub.  2.  A  cask-like 
frame  around  which  barbed  wire  Is  wound  In  forming  en- 
tanglements: soldiers'  term. — g. 'flesh,  a,  A  roughened  con- 
dition of  the  skin  produced  by  cold,  fear,  etc.  g.:sklnf. — 
goose'fool",  n.  Pigweed'  from  the  shape  of  the  leaf. — 
goose 'herd",  n.  A  tender  of  geese. — goose'neck",  n.  A 
mechanical  contrivance  curved  like  a  goose's  neck:  (1)  A 
swivel  forming  the  fastening  between  a  boom  and  a  mast. 
(2i  A  davit.  (3)  A  curved  seat«post  on  a  bicycle. — goos'y.a. 
[goos'i-er;  goos'i-est.)  1.  Likeagoose;  ridiculous;  absurd. 
2.   Appearing  like  goose-flesh,     goos'eyj.— goos'l-ness,  n. 

go'pher,  1  go'far;  2  go'fer,  n.    1.  A  burrowing  American 
rodent  that  honeycombs  the  earth,  especially  one  with 
large  cheek»pouches,  the  pock'et*go"pher;  also,  one 
of  various  western  North-American  ground's. |. 
2.  A  large,  noctur- 
nal,  burrowing 
land-tortoise  of  the 
southern  United 
States.  KF.gaufre, 
lit.  honeycomb,  < 
Ml),  wae/el.] 

go'pher-wood",  n.  1. 
A  tree  of  Kentucky, 
Ten  nessee,  and 
North  Carolina,  with 
yellow   or    yellowish  oopner.    /u 

wood.  yel'Iow-wood"J.    2.  The  unknown  wood  of  which 
Noah's  ark  was  made.    [  <  Heb.  gopher,  kind  of  wood,  + 

WOOD.) 

gor'bel"lledt,  a.    Blg-bellled— gor'bel'lyt,  n. 

Gor'dl-us,  1  gor'di-us;  2  gor'dl-us,  n.  An  ancient  king  of 
Phrygla;  he  tied  a  hard  knot  about  the  yoke  of  his  chariot, 
the  man  who  loosed  which,  according  to  an  oracle,  was  to 
rule  all  Asia.  This  was  accomplished  by  Alexander  the 
Great,  who  cut  the  knot  In  two  with  his  sword.  —  Gor'dl-an, 
a.— Gordlan  knot.  1.  The  knot  tied  by  Gordlus.  2.  A 
difficulty  that  can  only  be  overcome  by  bold  measures. 

Gor'don,  1  ger'dan;  2  gor'don,  n.  I.  Adam  Lindsay  (1833- 
an  Australian  poet.  2.  Charles  George  (1833- 
iin  English  general;  suppressed  Talplng  rebellion  in 
i  bina;  governor  of  the  Sudan;  killed  at  Khartum.  3.  Lord 
George  (1751-1793),  an  English  political  agitator;  insti- 
gated "No  Popery"  riots  In  London,  1780. 

gore1,  1  gor;  2  p.r,  if.  (gored;  gor'ing.]  To  make  a  gore 
of;  -upply  with  a  gore. 

gore',  tf.  [gor(e)dp;  goring.]  To  pierce,  as  with  a 
-p.-ar  or  a  horn;  stab.     [Ult.   <  AS.  gar,  spear.] 

gore1,  n.    A  wedge-shaped  or  triangular  piece.    Specifically: 


1: 3=  final;    l  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  owt;    oil;    IQ  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  amg;    thin,   this.  Goliath 

355  2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   6il,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,  government 


(1)  A  tapering  or  triangular  piece  of  land.  (2)  A  triangular 
piece  of  cloth  let  into  a  garment.  (3)  Nant.  A  triangular 
piece  of  plank  used  in  fitting  a  vessel.  [  <  AS.  g&ra,  point 
of  land.] 

gore2,  re.  Blood  after  effusion,  especially  clotted  blood. 
[<  AS.  gor,  filth.] 

gorge,  1  gerj ;  2  gorg,  v.  [gorged;  gorg'ing.]  1. 1.  1.  To 
swallow,  especially  with  greediness.  2.  To  fill  the 
stomach  of  with  food;  glut.  II.  i.  To  feed  in  a  greedy 
manner.    [  <  F.  gorger,  <  gorge;  see  gorge,  re.] 

gorge,  re.  1.  The  throat;  gullet.  2.  A  narrow  passage  be- 
tween hills;  ravine.  3.  The  act  of  gorging,  or  that  which 
is  gorged.  4.  The  part  of  a  garment  about  the  throat. 
5.  A  jam.  6.  An  entrance  into  a  bastion  or  similar  part 
of  a  fortification;  hence,  the  rear  of  a  redan  or  other 
work.  [F.,  throat,  <  L.  gurges,  whirlpool.]  Syn.:  see  valley. 

gor'geous,  1  ger'jus;  2  gor'gus,  a.  1.  Conspicuous  by 
splendor,  especially  of  colors;  magnificent;  resplendent; 
sumptuous.  2.  Having  a  taste  for  magnificence.  [< 
OF.  gorgias,  gaudy,  perhaps  <  gorge;  see  gorge,  re.]  -ly, 
adv.    -ness,  n. 

gor'get,  1  ger'jet:  2  gor'get,  re.  1.  A  piece  of  armor  protecting 
the  junction  of  the  helmet  and  cuirass;  also,  an  ornament, 
often  crescent»shaped,  worn  on  the  neck  or  breast.  2.  A  ruff 
formerly  worn  by  women.     [  <  F.  gorgeltc;  see  gorge.] 

Gor'gl-as,  1  ger'ji-as;  2  gor'gl-as,  re.  A  Greek  statesman, 
orator,  and  sophist  (480-380  B.  C). 

Gor'gon,  1  ger'gan;  2  gor'gon,  n.  1.  Gr.  Myth.  One  of  three 
winged  monsters,  with  claws  of  bronze  and  serpents  for  hair; 
especially  Medusa,  whose  appearance  turned  all  beholders  to 
stone.  See  Perseus.  2.  The  head  of  Medusa,  set  in  the  egis 
of  Athena,  after  the  monster  had  been  killed  by  Perseus; 
hence,  any  hideously  ugly  object.  [<  L.  Gorgona,  <  Gr. 
Gorgo,  <  gorgos,  grim.]— gor-go'ne-an,  a.  gor'gont; 
gor-go'nl-anj.— gor'gon-ize§,  vt.  To  paralyze  as  if  by 
the  Gorgon's  spell;  petrify. 

gor"gon-zo'la,  1  ger'gen- 
zo'la;  2  g6r"gon-z6'la,  re.  A 
cheese  of  pressed  milk  made 
at  Gorgonzola,  Italy. 

go-ril'la,  1  go-ril'a;  2  go- 
rll'a,  n.  A  manlike  and 
ferocious  African  ape 
about  five  and  a  half  feet 
in  height,  with  a  massive 
body  and  limbs.  [  <  Gr. 
gorilla.] 

Gor'kl,  1  ger'ki;  2  gor'kl, 
Maxim.    See  Pyeshkov. 

gor'mand,    11    gar'[or 

gour'mand, J  gur']mand ; 
2  gor'[or  gur'jmand,  n.  1. 
A  glutton.  '2.  An  epicure; 
gourmet.  [  <  F.  gourmand, 
glutton.]  —  gor'mand-lzc, 
vt.  &.cl.  [-ized;  -iz'ing. 
To  eat  voraciously,  gor' 
mand-lsc ; .  —  gor'mand' 
lz"cr  or  -ls"er,  re. 

gorse,  1  gers;  2  gors,  re.    Furze.     [<  AS.  gorst.]— gors'y,  a. 

gor'y,  1  gor'i;  2  gor'y,  a.    1.     Covered    or  stained  with 
gore.  2.  Resembling  gore.      [  <  gore2,  n.] 
Syn.:  see  bloody. 

gos'hawk",  1  gos'hek";  2  gos'hak",  n.  A  short=winged 
hawk.    [  <  AS.  goshafuc] 

Go'staen,  1  gS'shen;  2  gS'sheh,  re.  mt>.  1.  The  district  in 
Egypt  occupied  by  the  Israelites.  Gen.  xlv,  10.  2.  A  district 
In  S.  Palestine.    Josh.  X,  41. 

gos'ling,  1  goz'hrj;  2  gog'ling,  n.  A  young  goose. — gos'- 
llngsgrccn",  re.    A  yellowish-green  color. 

gos'pel,  1  gos'pel;  2  gos'pel.  It.  vt.  [gos'peled  or  <;os'- 
pelled;  gos  pel-ino  or  gos'pel-ling.]  To  teach  the 
gospel  to;  fill  with  piety.  II.  «.  Relating  tpor  agree- 
ing with  the  gospel;  evangelical;  veritable.  III.  n.  1. 
Good  news  or  tidings,  especially  the  announcement  "I 
salvation  through  tin'  atoning  death  of  Jesus  Christ. 
2.  [G-]  One  of  the  memoirs  of  ( Ihrist  in  the  New  Testa- 
ment. 3.  The  portion  of  one  of  the  four  <  iospels  read  as 
a  part  of  divine  service.  4.  Any  doctrine  concerning 
human  welfare.  5.  That  which  is  regarded  as  infallibly 
true.  [<  AS.  godepell,  understood  as  <  god,  God,  -j- 
spel,  story,  really  <  AS.  gOd,  good,  +  spel,  story,  -  Gr. 
euangellon,  good  message.  See  kvanoki.,]  gos'pel-er,  re. 
1.  An  ardent  adherent  of  the  Reformation,  as  distinguished 
from  a  Roman  <  'athollc.  2.  The  cleric  who  reads  t  lie  ( iospel 
at  a  church  service.  3.  An  evangelist;  missionary,  gos'- 
pel-lert. 

gos 'sa-iner,  1  ges'e-mar;  2  gos'a-mer.  I.  a.  Thin  and 
light  as  gMsamer;  flimsy,    gos'sa-mer-yt;.    II.  n.     I. 

An  exceedingly  line  thread  or  web  of  spider'*  silk  that 
may  float  in  the  air.     3.  Fabrics.     (1)  A  fino  gauze.  ' 


Gorilla. 


(2)  A  thin  water»proof  outer  garment.  [ME.  gos,  goose, 
+  somcr,  SUMMER.] 

gos'sip,  1  ges'ip;  2  gos'ip,  v.  [gos'siped*  or  gos'sipped'; 
gos'sip-ing  or  gos'sip-ping.]  I.  t.  1.  To  repeat  as  gos- 
sip. 2t-To  stand  sponsor  to.  II.  i.  1.  To  tell  idle  or  mis- 
chievous tales;  tattle.  2f>  To  be  a  pot=companion. 
Syn.:  see  babble.— gos 'sip-lng,  re.  1.  Gossipy  talk;  a 
prating.     2f.  A  christening;  merrymaking. 

gos'sip,  re.  1.  Familiar  or  idle  talk;  groundless  rumor; 
mischievous  tattle.  2.  One  who  gossips,  gos'sip-ert. 
3.  Originally,  a  sponsor  in  baptism.  4||.  A  boon  com- 
panion. [<  AS.  god,  God,  +  sib,  related] — gos'sip- 
red(ef,  n.     Sponsorship;  spiritual  relationship. 

got,  imp.  &  pp.  of  get,  v. — got 'ten,  pp.  of  get,  v. 

Goth,  1  getli;  2  goth,  n.  A  member  of  a  Low  German 
race  that  overran  the  Roman  empire  in  the  3d  and  4th 
centuries.  See  Ostrogoth;  Visigoth.  [<  LL.  Gothus.] 
— Goth'ic.  I.  a.  1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  Goths  or  their 
tongue;  rude;  barbaric.  2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  Pointed 
style  of  medieval  architecture.  II.  re.  1.  The  language  of 
the  Goths.    2.  Arch.  The  Pointed  style.— Gothic  type,  a 

THIS  LINE  IS  IN  COTHIC  TYPE. 

type=face  having  all  the  strokes  of  uniform  width.  — Goth'- 
i-cism,  re.  1.  A  Gothic  idiom.  2.  Imitation  of  or  Incli- 
nation for  Gothic  architecture.  3.  Rudeness  of  manners: 
barbarousness.  —  Goth'1-clze,  vt. 

Go'tha,  1  go'tha;  2  go'tha,  re.  A  duchy  in  Germany;  united 
with  Saxe=Coburg;  540 sq.  m.;  pop.  203,000. 

Go'tham,  1  go'tham  or  gefh'am;  2  go'tham  or  g6th'am,  re. 
1.  A  village  near  Nottingham,  England,  noted  in  stories  for 
the  simplicity  of  its  inhabitants.  2.  Nickname  of  New  York 
city.— Go'tham-ite,  re. 

Got'ten-borg,  1  get'en-berg;  2  got'en-borg,  re.  A  seaport 
city  in  S.  W.  Sweden;  pop.  171,000.    Goth  'en-burg  t. 

Got"ter-dam'mer-ung,  1  gut"ar-dem'3r-un;  2  gut"er-dem'- 
er-ung,  re.    Twilight  of  the  gods;  an  opera  by  Wagner.    [G.) 

Got  'ting-en,  1  gut'in-en;  2  gut'ing-en,  re.  A  university  town 
(pop.  38,000)  in  S.  Prussia. 

gouge,  1  gauj;  2  goug.  I.  vt.  [gouged;  goug'ing.]  To 
cut  or  scoop  out  with  a  gouge;  hence,  to  cheat;  over- 
reach. II.  re.  A  chisel  having  a  curved  cutting  edge; 
also,  an  excavation  made,  or  as  made,  by  it.  [OF.] — 
goug'er,  re. 

Gough,  1  gef;  2  gof,  John  Bartholomew  (1817-1886).  An 
Anglo=American  temperance  lecturer. 

Gou"nod',  1  gu"no';  2  gu"no',  Charles  Francois  (1818- 
1893).    A  French  musical  composer;  Faust,  etc. 

gourd,  1  gord  or  gfird;  2  gord  or  gurd,  n.  1.  A  melon»like 
fruit  with  a  hard  rind;  also,  the  plant  that  bears  it,  or  a 
vessel,  as  a  dipper,  made  of  its  shell .  2.  A  hollow  die  used 
by  gamblers  for  cheating.    [  <  L.F  cucurbita,  gourd.] 

gour'mand,  etc.    Same  as  gormand,  etc. 

gour"met',  1  gur'me';  2  gur'me',  re.    An  epicure.    [F.] 

gous'ty,  1  gaus'ti;  2  gous'ty,  a.  [Scot.]  Gusty;  wild;  dreary. 
gous'tlef. 

gout1,  1  gout;  2  gout,  n.  1.  A  disease  manifested  ordina- 
rily by  inflammation  of  a  joint,  as  of  the  great  toe.  2I|. 
A  drop;  clot.  [  <  F.  gouttc,  <  L.  gutta,  drop] — gout'l- 
ly,  adv.— gout'i-ness,  re.— gout'y,  a.  [taste.] 

gout2,  1  gu;  2  gu,  n.     Taste;  relish.     [F.,    <  L.  gustus, 

Gov.,  abbr.    Government,  governor. 

gov'ern,  1  guv'srn;  2  gov'ern,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  control  by 
authority;  administer  the  government  of .  2.  To  control 
physically  or  morally;  regulate;  direct;  influence.  1. 
Oram.  To  regulate  the  form,  character,  or  case  of  (a 
word).  II.  i.  To  exercise  authority;  administer  laws. 
[<  I,. p  guberno,  <  Gr.  tybemaO,  direct  a  ship.] 

Syn.:  command,  control,  curb,  direct.  Influence,  manage, 
mold,  reign  over,  restrain,  rule,  sway.  A  person  commands 
another  when  he  has,  or  claims,  the  right  to  make  I  ha1  ot  her 
do  his  will,  with  power  of  Inflicting  penalty  if  not  obeyed;  lie 

Controls  another  whom  lie  can  prevent  from  doing  anything 
contrary  to  Ills  will;  he  fOVerns  one  whom  he  actually  does 
cause  to  obey  his  will;  it  parent,  may  command  a  child  whom 
he  cannot  govern  or  cunt  nil.  A  wise  mother,  by  gentle  means. 
Sways  the  feelings  and  mollis  I  he  lives  of  her  children;  to  he 
able  to  manage  servants  Is  an  Important  element  of  gootl 
housekeeping.  The  word  reign,  once  so  absolute,  now 
simply  denotes  that  one  holds  the  official  si  a  Hon  of  sovereign 
with  or  without  effective  power.  See  COMMAND;  RXOtrLATD. 
—  Ant.:  be  In  subjection,  be  subject,  comply,  obey,  submit, 
yield  gov'eni-a-bKe'',  a.— gov'ern-ance,  re  Govern- 
meiii;  control.  gOV 'era-ante* || i  re.  A  governess;  house- 
lie, per;  duenna,  gov 'era-ess,  n.  1.  a  woman  who  trains 
and  Instructs  children.     2!|.  A  female  governor. 

gov'ern-menl,    I  1  guv'ern-ment  <>r  -msnt;  2  gov'crn- 
guv'erii-meiiC,  (  ment,  n.     I.  The  aot  of  governing,  or 

the  state  of  being  governed;  control,  direction,  « ,r  re- 
straint. 2.  The  organised  control  of  a  state  or  com- 
munity; the  controlling  power;  the:  administration;  also, 


rn,.r        l    o  .  ,.iii.  ..       ■  >'    Or;  full,  rOlc;  but,  born; 

,  ,.       .  i     i  ■•;  I  —  C;  I » 6; go,  not,  or,  won,    :fc»fl 

Krarii  <•-.  i  I  o     QraoefuU]  Blender  or  alight 

tn  ■  lous,  I  I.  Disposed  I 

:  ivor;  lull  "i  kinilni" I..', .      '.'.  i  lourfa  oua 

.  i  ding .  land;  affable,    Si  I  '■     i     ing  oi  ex 
bibiting  divine  grace.    4 1 .  Bappj .  fortunate 
Bjrn      oo  bland;    humane;    uxrcvul;    poutb;    pbopi- 
rra'cloua-ly,  adv.    gra'cloua-neBa,  n. 

k;r.i.  k  I.-.  I    ral  i.  2  Brak'l,  n     i.  Oi i  various  •  »i< ■  World 

.   bird      '.'.  \n   Unerlean  blackbird;  especially, 
purple  grackle.    i      Ita  cry, 'era,  era.'] 
ur.i-ii.i  i inn.  i  cm .<ii ■ ' -.1 1 . ■  1 1 ;  2  ftra-da'shon,  n.     Regular 
upward  or  downward,  us  by  steps;  a  step,  de- 
gree, or  rank  in  a  series;  grade,    [F.,  <  C.  gradal 

,  walk  i    gra'daite,    I.  n.  a  til.    'i'i>  produce  it 
i   in  a  series  of  grades;  produce  gradation.     II.  a. 
Graduated  according  in  Blse,     grad'a-to-ry,  a.     1.  Pro- 
ng by  gradations;  gradual,    't.  Adapted  for  walking, 
grade,]  I.    I.  if.   [oku.'ki.1;  ..uu/inu.]   l.To 

classify  by  grades.  2.  To  bring  t>>  h  level  or  t"  a  regular 
inclination.  8,  To  improve  by  croewbreeding:  often 
with  up,  II.  n.  I.  A  degree,  step,  rank,  or  division  in 
any  series  or  oourae.  2.  An  incline,  or  the  degree  ol  in- 
...n  3.  \  rrii.-is-liri'd  animal:  also  used  adjectivally. 
[v..  <  i.  trradus,  step,  <  gradior,  walk.] 

Syii.:  m iAss,    gra'dl-ent.    I.  u.    Running  on  legs; 

I  animal.    II.  n.    a  grade;  Incline, 
grad'u-al,  1  graj'u-el;  2  gr&j'u-al,  a.     1.  Proceeding  t.y 
slips  or  degrees;  moving  "r  changing  slowly  and  regu- 
larly;alow.    2.  Divided  into  degrees;  graduated.    [<  L. 
gradus,  step.] 

Syn.:  continuous,  moderate,  progressive,  tegular,  slow.  See 
blow.  -Ant,;  instant,  Instantaneous,  momentary,  prompt, 
quick,  sudden  grad'u-al-ly,  adv. — grad'u-al-ness,  n. 
grad  'u-ate,  1  graj'u-et ;  2  graj't.i-iit.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [-ai^'ed"1; 
-at"ino.]  1.  To  admit  to  or  take  an  academic  degree  at 
the  end  of  a  course.  2.  To  arrange  in  or  divide  into 
grades  or  intervals;  also,  to  bring  to  a  dilTereni  degree; 
change  by  degrees.  II.  a.  Having  been  graduated  lnnu 
an  institution  of  learning.  III.  n.  One  who  lias  been 
graduated  by  an  institution  of  learning,  or  who  has  com- 
pleted  any  course.  [<  ]..'•'•  gradus,  degree,  step.] — 
grad"ii-a'tlon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  graduating.  8.  An  equal 
division  or  dividing  line  In  a  graduated  scale. — grad'u-a"- 
lor,  n.    One  who  or  that  which  graduates.  \ 

Kra  'tins.  1  gre'dus:  2  gra'dus.  n.  1.  A  dlctlonarysof  cpiantltles 
In  prosody,  2.  Mus.  A  collection  of  graded  exercises.  [L., 
<  gradior,  walk.) 
Kraft1,  1  graft;  2  graft,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  insert  into  a  tree,  as 
a  graft;  insert  a  graft  into  (a  tree).  2.  To  incorporate; 
unite  vitally.  II.  i.  To  insert  grafts.  graff||. — 
graft  'er\  n.— graft 'lng',  n.  The  act 
or  process  of  Inserting  a  graft. — graft '- 
lng=wax",  n.  A  composition  of  bees- 
wax, tallow,  etc.,  used  In  grafting  to 
exclude  air. 
graft-',  vt.  [Colloq.  TJ.  S.]  To  obtalm 
money  by  Illegitimate  means,  as  by  or 
through  official  service;  steal;  swindle. 
—  graft 'er-,  a.—  graft 'lng',  n. 
graft',  n.  1.  A  shoot  insertod  into  a  1 
tree  or  plant,  so  as  to  Uveas  a  vital 
part  of  it.  2.  Something  united  or 
amalgamated  with  a  foreign  stock. 
[  <  Gr.OF  grapheion,  style,  pencil.] 
grair  . 
gralt  .  it.  [Colloq.,  U.S.]  1.  Self-ad- 
vancement or  profit  by  unfair  means, 


I 


limn 


(Urn 

I . 

ulnting 

n  it.      go.    I  '- 


t 

.....     in-.  . 
John      1330    I  108). 

t  I    \  tool;  sim- 

1 .  am  upon; 

II.  ■-  ;  a  long, 

v.  gowns 'man, 

malh  .  as  a  cler- 
g<>»  n 'man  : . 
V  1 

.....  pin 

(.r.. 
gT.,  .  InUn,    tram,  great 

gr..  gr.... 


r  Mu.s:  i.kwi'iiini;  ] 
iae  suddenly, 
II.  I  . .  make  a  clutch  or 

,  U3P. 

bing,  or  that  which 

i    thcr  of  two  Roman  re- 
til;  both  killed       1 ' 
I  ibcrltis  Sem- 

OBAC'lMQ.]     1.  To 

II.         1.  Beauty  or  harmony 

ch.    3. 

teristic,  quality,  or 

or  good  will;  el.  in- 
■   freely  ren- 
1   love  and  fl 

ofluence 

ind  keep 

■  lod   through  ( 'hrist. 

•   saving  faith  and  to 

J  gift  "r  attainment. 

ti.  Something 

nor;  graciouB- 

-•  ency:  a 

1  to  a  duke, 

■'.  er.-ign.     9. 

below. 

.  i  a  trill,  turn, 

.  misfortune. 
r,   <   gratus,  beloved.]      Syn_-  see 


I. 


p     the  Graces 

iik'  and  conferring 

LUtiful  women 

I  .:■■••"  Venus.  — 

Iter  the 

irinklng  of  the  con- 

ri'i/i.r..  •...,.-•  ■  -  •..  ,.••..    ..;-.,.  t!..-  health  drunk  from  such 

ran    (Hi.  /,-d  by 

■  •]   by  Cle- 
KaDCC  ittl  t. 

cr  detleary  ■  otlon  or 

•  ; 

• 

'    "•:    •  • '.'      >,"ir,.'ut  appli'"'  "•  "'"•  perfection  of  motion, 

" ■    -   ■  "     ■*■•>  '      ■'   I    .'■■   .-.   harmonious  curves      Apart 
(roai  the  Ui'  rig  har- 

' 

■ -i  Is  mamive,  an  Apollo  Is  graa  • "'      \'.  < 
•Peak  of  a  mpare 

'  ir   f  V.K  v.  IBD. 

.  -'  ft  m  i   ful-ni  graceless, a 

in  th<;  moral  sense,    grace less- 
•iceOeiks-ness,  n. 


Grafting. 

1.   Method   of   cutting   for 
toDfpie  »  grafting,       showing 

elin|.i-    of    toiii'if. 


•_'.    I.rnft 


as  through  political  or  official  connec-  uui  itoet  i».und  togeth. 
t  ion;    a  steal  or  swindle.    '£.  That  ob-  PrntooUnn  «r  tho  union  bj  * 
I  t.y  grafting;  stolen  goods.  uiiofoi»». 

grail1,  1  grel ;  2  gral,  n,  A  broad  bowl  or  chalice;  in  medie- 
val legend,  the  cup  used  by  Christ  at  the  Last  Supper, 
visible  only  to  one  pure  in  heart  and  life;  the  Sangreal, 
or  Holy  Grail.    [  <  OF.  (/real.] 

grail  t,  n.  A  serviccbook.  [<  OF.  orncl,  <  L.  gradus,  step.] 
grallet. 

grain1,  1  gren;  2  gran,  vt.  &  vi.    1.  To  form  into  grains; 
to  granulate;  granulate.     2.  To  paint  or  stain  in 
imitation  of  the  grain  of  wood,  marble,  etc. — graind  , 
pp. 

grain2,  r.    [Scot.]    Same  as  groan,    granej. 

grain1,  n.  1.  Any  very  small,  hard  mass;  as,  a  Qxain  of 
-and;  especially,  a  seed  of  that  character;  a  kernel.  2. 
Collectively,  any  of  the  common  cereals.  3.  A  minute 
particle.  4.  The  '/7ooo  part  of  a  pound  avoirdupois:  in 
a  pound  troy  there  are  5,700  grains.  5.  The  arrangement 
of  the  particles  of  a  body  of  granular  texture;  hence,  de- 
gree of  coarseness,  roughness,  fineness  of  surface,  direc- 
t  ion  or  set  of  fibers,  etc.  6.  The  innate  quality  or  char- 
acter of  a  thing.    7.  A  red,  crimson,  or  purple  dye  or 


1:  a  =  final;    I  =  hablt^    aisle;    tiU  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  teud;    cllin;    go;    t)  =  sing;    Chin,   this. 
357     2-  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,  burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


governor 
graphic 


color.     [OF.,    <   L.  granum,  grain.]     Syn.:  see  particle; 
temper. 

train,  n.    [Scot.]    Same  as  groan.  [grain.] 

grainc,  1  gren;  2  gran,  re.     The  eggs  of  the  silkworm.     [F., 

itrail  li,  1  greth;  2  grath,  re.  [Prov.  Eng.  &  Scot.]  Equipment 
for  any  work  or  undertaking,  as  tackle  or  tools. 

Gral'la?,  1  gral'i;  2  gral'e,  re.  pi.  Urnith.  A  division  of  long* 
legged  birds;  waders.  [<  L.  grallse,  stilts,  <  gradior,  walk.] 
— gral"la-to'rl-al,  a.— gral'la-to-ry,  a. 

gram,        )  1  gram;  2  gram,  re.     In  the  metric  system,  a 

gramme,  )  weight,  the  fundamental  unit  of  mass  or 
weight;  15.43  troy  grains.  [  <  F.  gramme,  <  Gr.  gram- 
ma, writing.] 

-gram,  suffix.  1.  Indicating  something  written  or  drawn;  as 
telegram,  ideogram.  2.  Representing  the  gram  in  the  metric 
system,  as  ki\ogram_.    [  <  Gr.  gramma,  a  writing.] 

gra'ma,  1  grci'ma;2  grii'ma,  re.    [P.  I.]    A  creeping  grass. 

gram'a-ry||7  (  1  gram'a-n;  2  gram'a-ry,  re.     1.  Necromancy; 

gram'a-rye,  s  magic.  2t.  Grammar;  erudition.  [ME.  gram- 
ary,  learning,  magic,  >  alsoGRAMMAR.]    gram 'ma-rye}. 

gra-mer'cy||,  1  gra-mur'si;  2  gra-mer'cy,  inter].  Many 
thanks;  great  thanks.  [<  OF.  grand  merci,  great  thanks; 
see  grand  and  mercy.] 

Gra-mln'e-ae,  lgra-min'i-I;2gra-min'e-e,  re.  pi.  Bot.  Same  as 
PoACEiE.  [<  L.  gramineus,  pertaining  to  grass,  <  gramen, 
grass.]  Gram"i-na'ce-se}. — gram"i-na'ceous,  a.  gra- 
mln'e-al};  gra-min'e-ous}. —  gram"i-niv'o-rous,  a. 
Feeding  upon  grass. 

gram'mar,  1  gram'ar;  2  gram'ar,  n.  1.  Gram.  (1)  The 
science  that  treats  of  the  principles  that  govern  the  cor- 
rect use  of  language  in  either  oral  or  written  form.  (2) 
The  art  of  speaking  and  writing  a  language  correctly  or 
according  to  established  usage.  (3)  A  book  or  treatise 
on  grammar.  (4)  Grammatical  forms  collectively.  2. 
Speech  or  writing  considered  with  regard  to  its  correct- 
ness. 3.  The  history  and  systematic  account  of  a  lan- 
guage or  a  linguistic  group.  4.  A  text=book  or  treatise 
on  the  elements  of  any  science.  [  <  F.  grammaire,  < 
Gr.  gramma,  letter,  <  grapho,  write.] — gram-ma  'ri-an,  re. 
One  skilled  in  grammar;  a  writer  or  compiler  of  grammars; 
anciently,  any  learned  person. — gram 'mar  =sehool",  re.  1. 
A  school  in  which  Latin  and  Greek  are  chief  subjects  of  in- 
struction. 2.  [U.  S.]  In  graded  public  schools,  the  depart- 
ment next  below  the  high  school. — gram-mat 'i-cal,  a.    1. 

'  Based  on  the  principles  of  grammar.  2.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
grammar,  gram-mafic;. — gram-mat 'i-cal-ly,  adv. — 
gram-mat M-cal-ness,  re. 

gram'o-phone,  1  gram'o-f5n;  2  gram'o-fon,  re.  A  phono- 
graph.   [<  Gr.  gramma,  a  writing,  +  phone,  sound.] 

Grani'pl-ans,  1  gram'pi-anz;  2  gram'pi-an.3,  re.  pi.  A  moun- 
tain chain  In  Scotland  dividing  the  Highlands  from  the  Low- 
lands; highest  peak,  Ben  Nevis,  4,406  ft.  high.  Gram 'pl- 
an mils;. 

gram 'pus,  1  gram'pus;  2  gram'pus,  re.  A  large  dolphin" 
like  cetacean,    (  <  Sp.  grand  pez,  great  fish.] 

Gra-na'da,  1  gra-na'da;  2  gra-na'dii,  n.  1.  A  province 
(4,938  sq.  m.;  pop.  504,000)  of  S.  Spain.  2.  Its  capital 
(pop.  77,000) ,  an  ancient  Moorish  city ;  site  of  the  Alhambra. 

gran'a-ry,  1  gran'a-n;  2  gran'a-ry,  n.  [-kiesz,  pi.]  A 
storehouse  for  grain.  [  <  L.  granarium,  <  granum,  grain.] 

grand,  1  grand;  2  grand,  a.  1.  Magnificent;  imposing; 
stately;  exalted;  inspiring.  2.  Preeminent;  noble; 
chief.    [F.,  <  L.  grandis,  great.] 

Syn.:  august,  dignified,  elevated,  exalted,  great,  illustri- 
ous, imposing,  impressive,  lofty,  magnificent,  majestic, 
stately,  sublime.  Aside  from  material  dimensions,  great  is 
said  of  that  Which  is  more  than  ordinarily  powerful  and  In- 
fluential, grand  of  that  which  Is  worthily  so;  a  great  victory 
may  be  simply  an  overwhelming  triumph  of  might  over 
right.  We  can  speak  of  a  gruit  bad  man,  but  not  of  a  grand 
bad  man;  of  a  great,  but  not  of  a  grand,  tyrant.  Compare 
awful;  imperial:  large:  sublime. 

gran 'dam,  gran 'dame,  re.  A  grandmother;  an  old 
woman.— grand 'aunt",  re.  The  aunt  or  one's  parent;  sis- 
ter of  one's  grandparent,  great'  =aunt"t.  grand  'child", 
n.  The  child  of  one's  son  or  daughter,  grand 'daugh"ter, 
re.  — grand  duke.  1.  A  sovereign  of  lower  rank  than  a  king. 
2.  In  Russia,  formerly,  a  ruler  of  a  principality;  now.  any 
brother,  son,  uncle,  or  nephew  of  the  emperor,  grand  Ta"- 
ther,  re.  The  father  of  one's  father  01  mother,  grand  'pa"}; 
grand 'pa-pa"t.  grand'ly,  adv.  grand 'mo(li"er,  n. 
The  mother  of  one's  father  or  mother,  grand  'ma"  J; 
grand  'ma-ma"},  grand  'neph"ew,  n.  A  son  of  ones 
nephew  or  niece;  grandson  of  one's  brother  or  sister.— 
grand  'ness,  re.  grand 'niece",  n.  A  daughter  of  one's 
nephew  or  niece;  granddaughter  of  one's  brother  or  sister. 

grand 'Par"en t,re.    The  parent  of  one's  parent       grand '- 

sire",  «.     a  grandfather;  any  male  ancestor  preceding  a 

father,     grand 'son",  re.     The  son  of  ones  child,      grand  '- 
un"ele ,  n.    Tin?  uncle  of  one's  father  or  mother;  brother  of 
one's  grandparent. 
gran-dee',  1  gran-dl';  2  gran-de',  n.     A  Spanish  noble- 
man.   (<  L.=P  grandis,  great.] 


gran 'deur,  1  gran'jur or -diur;  2gran'jur  or-dur,re.  The 
quality  of  being  grand;  sublimity;  magnificence;  distinc- 
tion; display.     [F.,  <  L.  grandis,  grand.] 

gran-dil 'o-quent,  1  gran-dil'o-kwent ;  2  gran-dil'o-kwgnt, 
a.  Pompous  or  bombastic  in  style.  [  <  L.  grandis, 
grand,  +  loquen(t-)s,  ppr.  of  loquor,  speak.]  gran-dil'o- 
quous}.— gran-dil'o-quence,  re. 

gran'di-ose,  1  gran'di-6s;  2  gran'di-os,  a.  1.  Having  an 
imposing  style;  impressive;  grand.  2.  Affecting  gran- 
deur; pompous;  bombastic.  [F.,  <  It.  grandioso,  <  L. 
grandis,  grand.]—  gran  'di-ose-ly,  adt\ — gran"dl-os'l-ty,re. 

gran"dl-o'so,  1  gran"di-6'so;  2  gran"di-o'so,  adv.  Mils.  In  a 
grand  or  imposing  manner.    [It.] 

Grand  Pre,  1  gruh  pre;  2  gran  pre.  A  village  in  central  Nova 
Scotia;  scene  of  early  events  in  Longfellow's  Evangeline. 

Grand  Rapids.    A  city  in  S.  W.  Michigan;  pop.  113,000. 

Grand  River.  A  river  in  southeastern  Labrador,  Canada; 
500m.  long;  on  it  are  Grand  Falls,  200  ft.  wide,  316  ft.  high. 

grane,  v.  &  re.    [Scot.]    Same  as  groan. 

grange,  1  grenj;  2  grang,  n.  1.  A  farm,  with  its  dwelling* 
house  and  appurtenances;  specifically,  the  residence  of 
a  gentleman  farmer.  2.  [U.  S.]  A  local  branch  of  the 
order  of  Patrons  of  Husbandry.     3||.  A  granaiy.     [OF., 

<  LL.  granea,  <  L.  granum,  grain] — gran'ger.  1  gren'jar; 
2  gran'ger,  n.  [TJ.  S.]  1.  A  member  of  a  grange.  2.  A 
countryman. 

Gra-ni'cus,  1  gra-nai'kus:  2  gra-ni'eus,  re.  A  river  in  N.  W. 
Asia  Minor;  here  Alexander  defeated  Darius,  B.  C.  334. 

gra-nif'er-ous,  1  gra-nif'ar-us;  2  gra-nlf'er-us,  o.  Bear- 
ing grain.  [  <  L.  granifer,  <  granum,  grain,  -\-fero,  bear.] 

gran'ite, )  1  gran'it;  2  gran'it,  n.     A  rock  composed  of 

gran'itp,  )  quartz,  feldspar,  and  mica,  of  great  strength, 
and  taking  a  high  polish.  [<  It.  granito.] — gran'ite- 
ware",  re.  1.  A  variety  of  ironware  coated  with  a  hard,  gran- 
ite=colored  enamel.  2.  A  fine,  hard  pottery  resembling  iron- 
stone china.— gra-nlf  1c,  a.  Of  or  like  granite,  gra-nlt'- 
1-cal}. 

gra-niv 'o-rous,  1  gra-niv'o-rus;  2  gra-mv'o-rus,  a.  Liv- 
ing on  grain  or  seeds.    [  <  L.  granum,  grain,  -f-  voro,  eat.] 

gran'ny,  1  gran'i;  2  gran'y,  re.  [-niesz,  pi.]  A  grand- 
mother; an  old  woman:  colloquial  usage.  [Abbr.  of 
GRANDMOTHER.]     gran '11  ie. 

grant,  1  grant;  2  grant.  Id.  vt.  1.  To  bestow;  confer.  2. 
To  admit  as  true;  concede.  3.  To  transfer  (property) 
by  a  grant.  II.  re.  1.  The  act  of  granting.  2.  The  thing 
granted.    3.  An  admission;  concession.    [  <  OF.  granter, 

<  L.  creden(.t-)s,  ppr.  of  credo,  believe.] 

Syn.:  (verb)  see  acknowledge;  allot;  allow;  appor- 
tion; confess;  give;  (noun)  see  gift;  subsidy. 

— grant 'a-bl(ep,  a. — grant-ee',  re.  The  person  to  whom 
property  or  rights  arc  granted. — grant'er,  re.  One  who 
grants. — gran 'tor,  re.    Law.    The  maker  of  a  legal  grant. 

Grant,  Ulysses  Simpson  (1S22-18S5).  The  chief  leader  of 
the  Union  armies  in  the  Civil  War.     See  president. 

gran'u-lar,  1  gran'yu-lar;  2  gran'yu-lar,  a.  Composed  of, 
like,  or  containing  grains  or  granules,    gran  11-loiis   . 

gran'u-late,  1  gran'yu-let;  2  gran'yu-lat,  v.  [-LAT"EDd; 
-lat"ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  form  into  grains.  2.  To  roughen 
the  surface  of  by  granules.  II.  1'.  To  become  granular. 
[<  L.  granum,  grain]  gran 'u-lat"ed,  /«;.— gran"u-la'- 
tlon,  re.  1.  The  forming  into  grains  or  granules.  2.  A  gran- 
ulated surface.  3.  The  forming  of  new  tissue,  as  in  the  heal- 
ing of  wounds.— gran 'u-lize,  rt.  [-lized; -liz'ing.]  I'liarm. 
To  convert  (a  fine  powder)  into  larger  grains  or  into  pellets 
or  tablets  by  aggregation  and  agglutination, 

gran'ule,  1  gran'yCil;  2  gran'yul,  re.  A  small  grain;  par- 
ticle; corpuscle.— gran  '11-loiis,  a 

gran'u-lose,  1  gran'yu-los;  2  gran'yu-los,  re.  Cfiem.  That 
portion  of  starch  capable  of  being  changed  Into  sugar  by 
certain  ferments:  distinguished  from  cellulose. 

Gran'vllle,  1  gran'vil;  2  gran'Vll,  Karl  (1690-1763).  John 
Carteret;  an  English  statesman. 

grape,  1  grop;  2  grap,  n.  1.  The  fruit  of  the  grape-vine; 
also,  the  vine.  2.  Mil.  Grape»shot.  [<  OK.  grape,  < 
olIC  chrupho,  hook]  grape 'fruil",  11.  A  large  round 
pale-yellow  citrous  fruit  of  tropical  regions.  Cultivated  also 

In  the  United  States,  grap'er-y,  n  [-ies*,  pi.]  a  build- 
ing or  enclosure  for  the  growing  of  grapes.  grape'=shol", 
n.  A  cluster  of  cast-Iron  shot,  to  be  discharged  from  a  can- 
non.— g.sstone,  re.  A  seed  of  the  grape.  g.»sugar,  11. 
Dextrose  or   glUCOSe.  —  g.'Vlne,   n.      The   vine   that     hears 

grapes,    grap'y,  a. 

graph,  1  grnf;  2  graf,  n.      Math.     A  curve,  as  symbolizing  an 

equation  or  function  on  the  principles  of  coordinate  geometry 

-graph,  xulhi.  Denoting  that  which  writes  or  that  which  Is 
written;  as,  phOMWap/t.    [  <  <  ir.  -graphOS,  -writer,  -writing, 

<  grapho.  write. | 

-grapher.      A   SUffiX  denoting  a  writer  or  one  engaged    In   a 

graphic  or  kindred  art;  as,  bibllOfirapfter,  phOtoprapAer. 
graph 'ic.        1  1  graf'ik,  -1-kel;  2  graf'ic,  -i-cal,  a.     1.  I'er- 

graph'i-eal,  (  taming  to  the  art  of  writing;  recorded  in 


flllt" 


graph    Ilr 


,  |  a    Ir;  fall,  rflle;  hot,  bftmi 

,     ,         .  |      ••  iii,  iiii,  i. ■■•;  I  -  e>  I  •»  6;  gA,  not,  Or,  won,     .*»" 


«r»i.  lln. 
gTBai    tin 

trap  ml. 


cra«|> 


I 

graph   o-phoii,  . 

UltlMT  111 

ic r.t|>li  i>-( )  |n  . 

■ 

ipl  form. 

I 

grap   pilng   I    run    .       .'.  /•* 

V 

I. 
II.  I. 

grap'-  \Jtrt    0/ 

gn-  I.         I •  i  irapneL 

.'. 
:t. 
II. 

ROPE  ! 

&•:-.  :rab,   grapple, 

*Hhl>   ■  rr»«p  it.  grasp  in. 

«r»-(.  i  2. 1 

1 

1  I  ■  r  with  grass  or  turf. 

!.  ground. 

Hi 
rra»».  I. 

th    hollow,    jointed 
•  •.-:•.-    .:.i   -r. -v.r.ing  1-  iv. •-.  in.  luding    ill  the  common 
BSf    .-     .-   *  ■     .•     r\i-.  out.,  |>:ir|i-v.  maize,  and  sugar* 
;.  i. 

grass '  i  loth". 

nettloplants; 

at»l-      c    [ilnk.  g. 

it.  widow,   ■       I.    \ 

.' 

■  i  her.  — 

»'»••  :  with,  or  resembling 

■ 
gr»««  hop   |m  r.  1  gji 


1.  An 


-"' 


grate 


•ful  I 
er.    y» 

I.  (.    1. 

!. 


II 
grat'er, 


1  ■  roughly 

i  or  thai 

grating. 

rritatlng. 


grate  i ni.  I, a     !•  Ha>  ins  or  exprea 

■    benefits   received;    i  bankful, 


- 
.1  in  burning.   [<  L."-  oralis,  hurdle  ]    grat'- 
Ing:. 


ifCSS- 

1      i       .  ■    .  pli  .i  Lng  I 

ful  BLl      Dl  i  i.   n  l  l  i  i 

. or  for  i  in-  gift ;  sights.  Bounds,  eto., 

i  il-ly,  grateTul-ncss,  n 

grat'l-fy,  r*i   ■   ]    i- 

or  need.     '.'  -    I  o 

Mills      tO.         I   ■         I      ' 

kind .  and  ai  e 

i     .  II  II  I  MS  .    1M.1   I  ..'   .      1(1   ri 

ki.ii  iii.  .i  i  inn.  •      I.  The  act  ol  gratlf) Ing;  a  aatla- 
.'.  i  | .    tate  ol  being  gratified     :i.  Thai 

:,  .■     '1      Bj  D       .  ■    i(  ivi'iM   18;   BA1  IB]  K> 

\\  iiliout  recompense; 
The  state  ol 


gra'tls,  l  r 

grat'l-tude,  1  grat'i-tiOd;  2  grftt'i-tfld,  n. 
being  grateful;  thankful] 

(.r.ii  i. in.  .    rat'en  2  grat'an,  Henry  (1746  1820),    An  Irish 
and  orator. 

gra-tu'l»tou8,  l  gre-tiu'i-tus;  2  gra-tQ'i-tSs,  a,  Given 
without  recompense,  as  a  benefit,  or  tiuI I  provoca- 
tion, ai  an  insult.  [<  L.  gratuitus,  <  gratia,  favor.] 
-i>.  -ness,  ■  gra-tu'l-ty,  n  [-ties*,  pi.]  Thai 
s\ hlch  is  given  gratuitous!] ;  a  present :  t ip.    Syn.:  sir  <.n  i . 

grat'a-late  .  1  grat'yu-iet: 2 grat'yu-iat,  vt .  [-i.\t"ki».';  -i.at*- 
d»o.]  To  wish  or  express  Joy  to;  congratulate.  [<  L.  grut- 
ulattu,  p|).  of  gratvloT,  congrati 

grafu-la'clon,  1  grat'yu-lCsnsn;  2  gr&t'yu-U'shon,  n.  1. 
Congratulation.    'I.  Gratification, 

gral  'u-la-to-rj   ,  l  gracli'u-for  grat'yu-]la-to-ri;  2  grach'u- 
at's  u  lla-to-r  I    pressft  e  ol  gratulatlon. 

Grata,  1  gretz;  2  grfits,  n.    A  city  in  E.  Austria;  has  a  unl- 
and  cathedral;  pop.  152,000.    («raz:. 

gra-va'men,  1  grs-ve'men;  2  gra-va'm6n,  n.  [-vam'i-na.  1 
-vam'i-na;  2  -vam'l-na,  pi.]  The  essential  part  of  a  charge  or 
grievance;  the  burden  of  a  complaint.  [LL.,  <  L.  i/ravo, 
weigh  down,  <  gravis,  heavy.] 

grave1,  1  gi  iv;2grav,  vt.  [graved;  qbaved  or  gbav'sn; 
grav'ing.]  1.  To  engrave.  2.  To  sculpture.  3.  To 
impress  deeply,  as  on  the  memory.  4.  [Prov.  Eng.)  To 
dig.     5t-  To  bury.     [<  AS.  grafan.] 

grave  ,vt  [graved;  graving.]  To  clean,  as  a  ship's  bottom, 
by  scraping  or  burning  and  coating  with  pitch.    [  <  graves.] 

grave,  ■  1.  Of  momentous  import,  2.  Serious,  as  in 
mind,  manner,  or  speech.  3.  Sober  in  color  or  fashion. 
4.  Mus.  (1)  Very  low  in  pitch.  (2)  Slow  in  movement. 
[F.,<  L.  gravis,  heavy.]  Syn.:  sec  important;  sad;  sedate; 
SEBIOUS.     gravely,  atlr.     grave'ness,  n. 

grave,  n.  1.  An  excavation  in  the  earth  for  the  burial  of  a 
dead  body.  2.  Hence,  destruction  or  ruin;  the  abode 
of  the  dead.  [<  AS.  {/reef,  <  grafan,  dig.] — grave '- 
lc>>,  grave 'stone",  n.  A  memorial  stone,  placed  at  a 
grave,    grave 'yard",  n.    A  burial-ground. 

gras  'el,  1  grav'el;  2  gruv'el.  I.  vt.  [grav'eled  or  grav'- 
i  i  i.i  d;  <;h  sv'i.i.-in<;  or  grav'el-linq.]  1.  To  cover  or 
fill  wit li  gravel.  2.  To  ground  (a  vessel)  in  Band  or 
gravel.  3.  Hence,  to  bring  up  short  ;  embarrass;  perplex. 
II.  1.  A  mixture  of  sand  and  pebbles.  2.  A  disease 
characterized  by  formation  in  the  kidneys  of  granular 
concretions.  (<  OF.  gravele.] — grav'ebblind",  a. 
Almost  blind.— grav'eMy,  a.  Consisting  of  or  abounding 
In  gravel,    grav'cl-y*. 

(.r.i"\c-iotti-',  i  gra'va-lot';  2  gra've-Wt',  n.    A  village  In 
■  .■  rmany;  here  the  Germans  defeated  the 
.  Aug    Is,  1870. 

gras  'en,  1  LT.'sn;  2  gra'vn,  va.    Carved  or  cut. 

gras  'er,  1  grgv'er;  2  grav'cr,  n.  1.  An  engravers'  burin; 
also,  a  sculptors'  chisel.  2.  An  engraver  or  a  stone* 
carver.     (<  AS.  grxfere,    <  grafan,  dig.] 

graves,  1  grSvs;  2  grftve,  n.  pi.  Refuse  or  sediment  of  lard  or 
tallow;  greaves:  made  Into  cakes  as  food  for  dogs,  bait  for 
orm  of  greaves1.] 

Graves 'end,  1  grCvz'end;  2  grgvs'find,  n.    An  ancient  market* 
i     i  Ingland;  pop.  28,000. 

grav'ld,]  grav'irl;  2  grav'Id,  a.    Pregnant.    [<  L.  gravidvs,  < 

gra-vld'1-ty,  n. 

grav'l-tate,   1   grav'i-tSt;  2  grav'i-tat,  vi.     [-tatted"1; 

-i  si'  id  by  or  as  by  force  of  gravity. 

gTH\"i-la'lion,    1    grav'i-tg'shen;   2   C'r.'tv"i-ta'shon,   n. 

I.    .  ■  .    force  svith  which  all  bodies  attract  each  other; 

i  tendenc   ,  ph;    ii  al,  mental,  or  moral, 

i  some  particular  object. — grav"i-ta'tlon-al,  a. 

grav'l-ty,  1  grav'i-ti;  2  grSv'i-ty,  n.     [-tiksz,  pi]     1. 

,v     Istron.   fl)    Tie-  accelerating   tendency  of 

bodies  toward  the  center  of  the  earth.     (2)  A  similar 

tendency   toward   the   center  of  any   heavenly   body; 

weight.     (3)  Loosely,  gravitation.     2.  The  quality  or 


1:8  =  final;    I  =  hablt^   aisle;    an -out;    ell;    Iu  =  fewd;    cTiin;    go;    rj  =  sire,7;    thin,   this.      graphite 
359      2:  wolf,  do;  book,  boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,  burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.       grenade 


condition  of  being  grave;  importance;  seriousness;  se- 
dateness.  3.  Acoustics.  Lowness  of  pitch.  [  <  L.  gravi- 
ta't-)s,  <  gravis,  heavy.]  Syn.:  see  weight. — specific  grav- 
ity, the  ratio  of  the  weight  of  a  body  to  that  of  an  equal 
volume  of  some  standard  substance,  as  water. 

gra'vy,  1  gre'vi;  2  gra'vy,  n.  [gra'viesz,  pi.]  The  liquid 
(fat  and  juice)  that  drips  from  cooked  meat,  or  a  sauce 
made  from  it. 

gray, )  1  gre;  2  gra.    I.  vt.  &  vi.    To  cause  to  become  gray; 

grey,  }  grow  gray.  II.  a.  1.  Of  the  color  of  white  and 
black  mixed  and  without  brilliancy.  52.  Having  gray 
hair;  hoary;  old;  aged.  III.  re.  1.  A  gray  color;  any  dull 
whitish  tint.  2.  Something  gray;  specifically,  a  gray 
animal.  [  <  AS.  grxg.\  Syn.:  see  ancient.— gray  matter, 
the  grayish  substance  of  the  brain,  composed  largely  of  gan- 
glionic cell=bodles  and  few  fibers. — gray 'beard",  re.  An  old 
man,  or  one  with  a  gray  beard. — gray'lsh,  a.  Somewhat 
gray.— gray'ly,  adv.— gray'ness,  re. 

Gray,  re.  1.  Asa  (1810-188S),  an  American  botanist.  2. 
Elisha  (1835-1901),  an  American  electrician  and  inventor; 
telephone,  multiplex  telegraph,  etc.  3.  Thomas  (1716- 
1771),  an  English  poet;  Elegy  in  a  Country  Churchyard. 

gray 'hound",  re.    Same  as  greyhound. 

gray 'lag,  1  gre'lag;  2  gra'lag,  n.  The  common  wild  gray 
goose  of  Europe.     See  goose. 

gray 'ling,  1  gre'hrj;  2  gra'ling,  re.  A  small  trout'like  fish, 
having  a  richly  colored  long  and  high  dorsal  fin. 

graze1, 1  grez;  2  graz,  v.  [grazed;  graz'ing.]  1. 1.  1.  To 
cause  to  feed  upon  herbage.  2.  To  eat  herbage  from,  as 
a  pasture.  3.  To  tend  while  at  pasture.  II.  i.  1.  To 
eat  growing  herbage.  2.  To  yield  grass.  [  <  AS.  gra- 
slan,  <  grass,  grass.] — graz'er,  re. — gra'zier,  re.  One  who 
pastures  or  deals  in  cattle. 

graze2,  v.  [grazed;  graz'ing.]  I.  t.  To  touch  or  rub 
lightly  in  passing;  abrade.  II.  i.  To  give  something  a 
passing  touch;  produce  an  abrasion.  [Perhaps  = 
graze1,  v.]  [grass  or  the  like. 

graze1,  re.     The  act  of  cropping  or  feeding  upon  growing 

graze2,  re.  A  light  or  passing  touch;  a  slight  scratch, 
scrape,  or  abrasion. 

grease,  1  grls  or  griz;  2  gres  or  gre§.  I.  vt.  [greased; 
greas'ing.]  1.  To  smear  with  grease;  make  to  move 
easily  or  run  smoothly.  2f.  To  influence  by  gifts;  bribe. 
II.  1  grls;  2  gres,  n.  1.  Animal  fat;  any  unctuous  sub- 
stance. 2.  An  inflammation  of  a  horse's  heels.  [<  F. 
graisse,  <  L.  crassus,  fat.] — greas'er,  re.  1.  One  who  or 
that  which  oils  or  greases.  2.  '[Western  U.  S.]  A  Mexican 
or  Spanish-American:  contemptuous  use. — greas'y,  a. 
[greas'i-er;  greas'i-est.]  Smeared  with,  containing,  or 
like  grease;  oily. — greas'I-ly,  adv. — greas'I-ness,  re. 

grease'wood",  1  griz'wud";  2  gres'wobd",  n.  Any  one  of  va- 
rious stunted  and  decidedly  prickly  shrubs,  found  on  the  al- 
kaline plains  of  the  western  United  States. 

great,  1  gret;  2  grat,  a.  1.  Of  unusually  large  mass,  quan- 
tity, number,  or  duration;  big;  vast;  numerous;  pro- 
longed. 2.  Of  considerable  degree;  extreme.  3.  Involv- 
ing weighty  consequences;  important;  mighty;  momen- 
tous. 4.  Having  large  mental,  moral,  or  other  endow- 
ments; eminent.  5.  High-minded;  magnanimous; 
grand.  6.  Distinguished  by  extraordinary  or  wonderful 
features;  excellent;  magnificent;  imposing.  7.  More  re- 
mote by  one  generation  than  that  indicated  by  the  quali- 
fied word;  as,  greatgrandfather,  etc.  [<  AS.  great.] 
Syn.:  see  grand;  large;  serious. — great 'coat",  re.  A 
heavy  overcoat.  —  great'=heart"ed,  a.  High-spirited; 
courageous;  also,  magnanimous. — G.  Lakes,  Lakes  Supe- 
rior, Michigan,  Huron,  Erie,  and  Ontario. — great'ly,  adv. 
— great'ness,  n. — great  power,  one  of  the  European 
countries  represented  diplomatically  by  ambassadors. 

great,  n.  One  who  is  or  those  who  are  powerful,  noble, 
Influential,  or  rich:  usually  with  the  definite  article. 

Great  Britain,  1  brlt'n;  2  brit.'n.  An  Island  (89,031  sq.  m.; 
pop.  40,837,000),  comprising  England,  Scotland,  and  Wales. 

Great  Salt  Lake.  A  salt  lake  In  \.  W.  Utah;  area  80  by  30  m. 

Great  slave  Lake.    A  lake  in  X.  \v.  Canada;  300  by  60m. 

greaves',  1  grlvz;  2  grevij,  re.  pi.  Armor  to  protect  the  legs 
from  knee  to  ankle.    [<  OF.  greves,  pi.  of  grew.  Shin.] 

greaves^,  re.  vl.  Pieces  of  boiled  tallow-scrap;  cracklings. 
[Akin  to  LG.  greve,  refuse  of  tallow.] 

grebe,  1  grib;  2  grob,  re.  A  4-toed  <Ii.  in"  bird  without 
tail-feathers.     [<  F.  grrhr,   <   Href,  krib,  COmbJ 

Gre'clan,  lgn'.sli,„i;2gre'Hli:in.  I.  a.  Greek.  II.  n.  1. 
A  Greek.    2.  A  Greek  scholar. 

Gre'cism,  1  gri'sizm;  2  gre'cism,  re.  A  Greek  idiom. 
Gr;e'clsmt. 

gree,  1  grl;  2  gre,  v.  [Scot.]  1. 1.    To  reconcile.    II.  i.    l.  To 

dwell  together  peaceably.     2f.  To  agree. 

greet,  re.    Favor,    to  bear  the  gree  [Scot  I,  to  wis  the  prise 

Greece,  1  gr!s;  2  grc<;.  n.     A  kingdom   (26,000  lq,  m.;  pop. 

2,632,000)  In  S,  E.  Europe,  occupying  I  he  peninsula  and  va- 


rious islands   anciently  called    Hellas;  capital,  Athens.— 
Gre'cian,  a. 

greed,  1  grid;  2  gred,  n.  Eager  and  selfish  desire;  greed- 
iness; avarice.  [<  AS.  grsed.]— greed'y,  a.  [greed'i- 
er;  greed'i-est.]  1.  Having  an  excessive  appetite  for  food 
or  drink.  2.  Avaricious.  Syn.:  gluttonous,  grasping,  insa- 
tiable, insatiate,  ravenous,  selfish,  voracious.  See  avari- 
cious.— greed  'i-ly,  adv.— greed  '1-ness,  re. 

Greek,  1  grlk;  2  grek.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  Greece  or  the 
Greeks;  Grecian;  resembling  the  Greeks.  II.  n.  1.  One 
of  the  people  of  Greece.  2.  The  Greek  language.  3.  A 
Greek  scholar.  [  <  L.  Grsecus,  <  Gr.  Graikos,  Greek.] — 
Greek  Church,  the  Eastern  or  Oriental  Church,  which  sep- 
arated from  the  Roman  or  Western  Church  In  the  11th  cen- 
tury, chiefly  upon  doctrinal  and  liturgical  grounds. 

Gree'ley,  1  grl'lt;  2  gre'ly,  Horace  (1811-1872).  An  Amer- 
ican editor,  reformer,  and  publicist. 

Gree'ly,lgrl'li;2gre'ly,  Adolphus  Washington  (1847-  ). 
An  American  general  and  Arctic  explorer. 

green,  1  grin;  2  gren.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  cause  to  become 
green;  become  green  or  covered  with  verdure.  II.  a.  1. 
Of  the  ordinary  color  of  growing  plants.  2.  Not  arrived 
at  perfection;  unripe;  immature.  3.  Of  recent  occur- 
rence; new;  fresh.  4.  Pale;  sickly;  wan.  5.  Character- 
ized by  youthful  vigor ;  flourishing.  Syn.:  see  fresh. 
III.  n.  1.  A  green  hue,  object,  or  pigment.  2.  A  plot 
of  grassland,  or  a  common.  3.  pi.  The  leaves  and 
stems  of  young  plants  used  as  food.  [  <  AS.  grene,  <  V 
of  grow.]— green 'back",  re.  A  legal-tender  note  of  the 
United  States—  green  'bri"er,  re.  A  plant  of  the  lily  family, 
especially  a  prickly,  climbing  shrub  of  the  United  States  and 
Canada. — green'er-y,  re.  A  place  where  plants  are  grown, 
or  a  verdant  mass  of  plants. — green 'finch",  re.  1.  An  Old 
World  grosbeak,  the  male  of  whicli  has  green  and  gold 
plumage.  2.  The  Texas  sparrow. — green'sgage",  re.  A 
small  green-fleshed  plum  of  European  origin. — green 'gro"- 
eer,  re.  A  retailer  of  fresh  vegetables. — green 'heart",  re. 
1.  A  large  tree  of  the  laurel  family,  of  Guiana,  yielding  a 
timber  much  valued  for  shipbuilding.  2.  A  tree  of  the  buck- 
thorn family,  of  Martinique.  snake'wood"!.  —  green'- 
horn",  re.  [Colloq.]  An  inexperienced  person;  a  novice. — 
green 'house",  re.  A  building  covered  with  glass,  for  the 
protection  of  exotics  or  other  tender  plants.  —  green '- 
Ing,  re.  One  of  several  varieties  of  apples  having  a  green 
skin. — green'ish,  a.  Somewhat  green;  inexperienced. 
—  green 'ly,  adv. — green  'ness,  re. — green 'room",  re. 
The  common  waiting-room  for  performers  in  a  theater. 
— green'shank",  re.  A  European  sandpiper  with  green- 
ish-gray legs  and  feet.  —  green  'sward",  re.  Turf  green 
with  grass.— green 'wood",  re.    The  forest  in  leaf. 

Green,  1.  Hetty  H.  (nee  Robinson)  (1835-1916).  American 
financier.     2.  John  R.  (1837-1883).     English  historian. 

Greene,  1  grin;  2  gren,  re.  Nathanael  (1742-1786),  an 
American  general  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 

Greenland,  1  grln'Iand;  2  gren'land,  re.  An  island  (46,740 
sq.  m.;  pop.  13,000),  in  Danish  control,  lying  N.  E.  of 
North  America. — Green 'land-er,  re. — Green 'land-lc,  a. 

Green  Moun 'tains.  A  range  in  Vermont,  culminating  in 
Mt.  Mansfield.  4,364  ft.  high. 

Green'ock,  1  grln'ak;  2  grSn'ok,  n.  A  seaport  and  shlp-build- 
ing  town  in  S.  \Y.  Scotland;  birthplace  ol  Watt;  pop.  75,000. 

Green 'ough,  1  grln'o;  2  gren'o.  Horatio  (1805-1852).  An 
American  sculptor;  Statue  Of  Washington,  etc. 

Green 'wich,  l  grin'ij;  2  grin'ij,  re.  A  historic  river-port  (pop. 
96,000)  on  the  Thames,  England,  below  London;  royal 
observatory;  location  of  the  prime  meridian. 

greetld,  1  grit;  2  gret,  v.     I.  t.    To  address  salutations  to, 
either  in  person  or  in  writing;  accost.     II.  i.     To  meet 
and  salute.    [  <  AS.  gretan.] 
Syn.:  see  ADDRESS.— greet 'Ing1,  re.    Salutation;  welcome, 

greet2.  Id.  vl.  [Scot.]  To  weep.  II.  re.  A  crying;  weeping. 
[<  AS.  grStan.] — greet'lng2,  re.    [Scot.]    Weeping. 

gre-ga'ri-ous,  1  gn-ge'ri-os;  2  gre-gfi'ri-us,  a.  Associat- 
ing in  flocks  or  companies.  [<  L.  gregarius,  <  grex, 
flock.]    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

Grcg'o-ry,  1  grvg'o-n;  2  greg'o-ry,  re.  1.  Any  one  of  17  popes: 
(1)  G.  I.  "the  Great"  (550-604);  sent  Augustine  to  England 
(597);  reformed  the  chureh  service.  (2)  G.  VII.  or  Illicit- 
brand  (ioi5  1085);  conflict  wltb  Henrj  iv.  of  Germany. 
(3)  G.  Xlll.  (1502-1585),  reformed  the  calendar.  2. 
Nazlanzen  "the  Theologian"  (328  389),  a  Greek  Father; 
bishop  of  Constantinople.  :t.  G.  of  Nyssa  (3327  898),  a 
creek  Father;  bishop  of  Nyssa.  4.  *'•■  of  Tours  (644-594), 
a  Frankisb  historian  and  ecclesiastic;  bishop  "f  Tours.— 

Gre-go'r!-a-n.    I.  a.     Pertaining  ti i  named  Gregory, 

especially  to  one  of  the  two  popes  Oregon  i  and  Gregory 
mil  u.n.  A  Gregorian  chant.  Gregorian  calendar,  a 
calendar  prescribed  by  Gregory  XIII,  modified  b.v  calling 
Oct.  .r>.  1582,  <  let.  15:  In  use  by  nearly  all  civilized  countries. 
<;.  chant)  the  medieval  system  or  cimreh  music  aaorlbed 
to  Gregory  I 

gre-nade',  1  gri-nod';  2  gre-nfid',  re.  Mil.  An  explosivo 
Shell,  to  be  thrown  by  hand.    [F.]— grcu"a-dter',  n.  1, 


I        i  .  .  .  I  i  en;   i.ot.Ar;   full,  rOle;   but,  bOrn; 

ind  i  n.  a  •       •  iii  i     .  .  k>,  iu.i.  Or,  won.    :ttiO 


I      t....rw 

I      Mr    Kl.h.ird 

vir  i  bom  i- 

:    •■!  or 

- 1-..11  - 

\  \  lllnii<  li 
« 
It  ipti.i.  -  \  , 

Jul.  :>  (IK07-189I        \i  ranch 

ihudder.   [< 


- 

I      I   irl  ,n   I   n- 

.'   Mr  Edward    i  -• 

105   i9ie 
\  i-<  .Mini  i..  ,,t  I'allodon, 

»    I  id)  J  li"  randdaughter 

I  dward  \  1   . 


CTl.l.    . 


nd    .  hound*,  r».     A   tall, 

keen  r-  i  ir !  1 1  and  swift- 
.   g   .  ■■  .  . 
i.iuini":. 

urlN,-; . 
i  :ol  parallel  ban.    '!.  a  grld- 

grid  die,  I  ]  I.  A  ah  dloti  pan  for  bak- 

grid  I  .  :.  %  et  for  a  bole 

grid  'die  cake", 

i  "f  thin  batter, 

I .  t:rlri<]  or  Jar  harshly: 

gridi  . 
grid  i  r..n.  rldfern,  vt.     [U.  S.]    To 

■  b  a  network. 
-: r i . l  i  r • . ii .  I  f,.,r  broiling,  or  :i  struo- 

i  <   ME, 

grief,  I.  w,  as  from  affliction;  re- 

vs ;  affliction; 
(■      :.  accident  in  hunting  it  racing.     [F., 

tress,  melancholy,  mourning, 
•..  sadness,  t~  i  trouble,  wo. 

'  nunc,  or  deep 
enduring  than 

: 
mulanehclv  may  ar  want  or  loss, 

from  a  low  state  ■  Undefined  cau 

more  enduring,  and 
'•■j>    ■-•  n  expresses  a  deep  heart* 

irrow  publicly 
may  rea- 

•  '•    ■     ■•.•:..   il.-a'li  «,r   in  officer  of  stati       Antj    ee 
-■-.  t  ■.-..-'  ■     ■  Prep.:  at; /  it;  on  r. 

«.rl.  t.  \A\  .r.l  llagcrup  V  Nor- 

erl.M  .  .]!.(. 

itally.     II.  i. 
•~«sed:  sorrow  Syn.: 

grll  v  '.mi  I 

grlei  'ouh, 

e     Syn.: 

. rriei    ioa-1   .  gxiei  'ous-ness,  n 

en-  r<  .  greare   \ 

IT'  • 

Kri|T-  -brown 

grille    . 

trif  tin.   .  I.  ,  reature, 

.     ■         i     • 
griffon:. 

grlz.  I. 

"dcrtct  in  cricket.]  —  a»mi-rr>  as  a  Eric,  exceedingly 
merr. 


Crlmn. 


wriii.  I  i.  .-     I.  To  broil     X.  To  torment* 

grll  .  ( II.  i      ro  be  broiled  or  fretted      grill'. room",  u. 

ni  or  catlng-room  where  grilling 

IDC 

grill.         I.   \  gridiron     ft.  Th»l  whioh 

led    "ii   :i   i'ii, In, in      :i.   \  i'i iil- 
i  .   ■     I    cratieufa;  see 

;  i    I 

grille.  i  a  crating  or  aoreen; 

.  "i  w rough!  metal, 

grilse,  i  jrlla;  S  uriis.  n,  |8col  ]    a  young 

w  r  .i  i  j  1    . 

grim,   .  iim.  .i     Stern  and  for- 

bidding in  aspect  or  nature;  harsh;  unyielding;  formid- 
abli  Vfi    grim  ) 

Svn :  ferocious,  Deroe,  hideous,  Bavage,  Btern,  sullen,  ter- 
rible    <;rnn  expresses  or  suggests  a  siii-ui  but  most  deter- 
mined ferocity;  as,  the  prim  aspect  ol  the  executioner;  trim* 
ed  war.  grim  death.    Compare  fibrci  .     .-Viit.:  benign, 
genial,  gentle,  kind,  mild,  placid,  sweet,  tender,    grlm'ly, 

trim  'ii«  — . 

gri-mace'.  l  gn-mee';  2  gri-mao'.  I.  vi.  To  make  gri- 
maces II.  n,  A  contemptuous  distortion  <>f  the  fea- 
tures; a  hypocritical  expression  ol  feeling.  [F. ;cp, 
grim  and  grin,  ».] 

gri-markln,  1  gn-mal'for  -moT]km;  2  gri-mSl'for  -mall- 
kin,  n      I  cat,  particularly  an  old  femalo  cat.    [<  gray 

•    mm.mnI 

grime,  1  gruim;  2  grim.  1.  it.  [grimed;  grim'inh.]  To 
make  dirty;  begrime,  II.  ».  That  which  soils;  <  1  i r t. 
ground  in,     [Scand.] — grim'i-ly,  adt      grim'y,  a, 

(.rin  mi.  i  grJm:2firIm,  n.  Esther  of  two  German  philologists; 
brothers:  (li  Jakob  I.udnlg  Karl  (178S  1882).  (2)  >VII- 
Inlm  Karl  I  l  788    1859)  ;  collected  fairy-laics. 

grin,  1  grin;  2  grfn.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [grinned,  obind":  orin'- 
ning  ]  To  make  by  crinniiiK;  expose  the  closed  teeth, 
a*  in  suppressed  laughter.  II.  n.  The  act  of  grinning;  a 
broad  smile.    |  <  AS.  grennian.] 

grind,  1  graind;  :.'  grind,  b.    [ground;  grind'ing.]    I.  t. 

1.  To  reduce  to  fine  particles,  as  by  crushing  and  friction. 

'I.  To  sharpen,  as  on  a  grindstone.     3.  To  rub  against 

something  or  rub  together,  usually  with  harsh  Bound; 

as,  t'>  grind  the  teeth;  wear;  chafe;  grate;  grit.     4.  To 

is  by  exactions;  afflict  cruelly;  harass.    5.  [College 

Slang]  To  study  laboriously.     II.  i.     1.  To  perform  or 

ubjected  to  the  operation  of  grinding;  be  chafed, 

polished,  or  sharpened  by  rubbing;  chafe;  grate.     2.  To 

work  laboriously  and  mechanically.     I  <  AS.  f/rindan.] 

grind 'er,  n,     one  who  or  that  which  grinds;  a  molar 

tooth,     grind'ing,  n.  —  grind  'stone",  n.     A   Hut  circular 

stone  so  hung  that  It  can  be  rotated  upon  an  axis,  as  for 

sharpening  tools. 

grind,  n.  1.  The  act  of  grinding,  or  the  sound  made  by 
grinding.  2.  Work  or  study  that  is  tediously  and  labo- 
riously performed;  also,  a  laborious  student.  3.  A  jest, 
joke,  or  sat  ire;  also,  a  joker  or  satirist. 

grin 'go,  1  grlrj'go;  2  grln'go,  n.  In  Spanish  America,  a  for- 
eigner, particularly  an  American.    [Sp.  (eolloo..),  gibberish. | 

grip,  1  grip;  2  grip,  b.  [gripped;  qbip'ping.]  To  take  firm 

hold  of  wit  h  or  as  with  the  hand;  gripe;  grasp.    II.  i.    To 

i  i  bold,  as  an  anchor. 

grip,  a.     1.  The  act  of  grasping  firmly,  or  the  state  of 

being  so  grasped;  a  linn  grasp.    2.  A  particular  modi-  of 

grasping  hands,  as  among  members  of  a  secret  society, 

for  mutual  recognition,     3.  [Colloq.,  U.  S.]  A  valise; 

o-k.    4.  That  part  of  a  thing  by  which  it  is  grasped. 

5.  of  various  mechanical  grasping  devices.    6.  Abil- 

ity to  seize  and  hold  physically  or  mentally.  [<  AS. 
gripe,  <  arlpan.  seize.)    Syn.:  see  catch;  grasp. 

grlp'srar",  n.    A  cable-car—  grlp'man,  n.    The  man 

who   operates   the   gripping-mechanism   of   a   cable-car. — 

grip 'sack",  n.    [Colloq.,  U.  S.]    A  travelers'  hand-valise  or 

portmanteau. 

gripe1,  1  graip;  2  grip.    I.  vt.  &  vi.     [griped1;  grip'inci.] 

I.  To  eize  and  hold  firmly;  grasp.  2.  To  give  pain  to 
(the  bowel-i;  distress;  suffer  distress;  be  extortionate. 

II.  n.     1.  A  fast  or  firm  hold;  grip;  oppressive  control. 

'J.  pi.  Intermittent  pain-  in  the  bowels.  3.  A  handle; 
band;  fastening.  [<  AS.  grlpan.]  Syn.:  see  catch;  grasp. 

grlpc^t,  n.    A  griffin  or  vulture. 

grippe,  I  1  grip;  2  grip,  n.    Severe  influenza  or  epidemic. 

grip.        (  catarrh.     [F.] 

grip 'pie,  1  grlp'l;  2  grip'l,  a.  [Scot]  Tenacious;  greedy: 
covetous.    [<  AS.  QTipul,  <  grl pa n,  gripe.) 

(•rl'qua-land,  1  grl'kwa-land;  2  gri'kwa-land.  East.  A  divi- 
sion or  <  ape  of  fiood  Mope  province,  South  Africa;  7,594 
sq.  m.;  pop.  249,000. 

griset,  n     A  step;  degree,    greeset;  grlzet. 

Grl-sel'da,  1  grl-sel'da;  2  gri-sel'da,  n.    In  Boccaccio's  De- 


1:9  =  final;    I  =  hablt^    aisle:    au  =  out;    oil:    III  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    ij  =  Bing;    Chin,   this,    grenadine 
361     2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   bum;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.  ground 


cameron,  a  heroine  whose  patience  is  relentlessly  tested  by 
her  husband. 

gri-sette',  1  gn-zet';  2  grl-set',  n.  1.  A  Parisian  working  girl, 
especially  one  of  easy  virtue.  2.  A  gray  woolen  dress=fabric 
worn  by  French  working  women.  [F.,  dim.  of  gr is,  gray,  < 
OHG.  gris,  gray.) 

gris'ly1,  1  griz'h;  2  gns'ly,  a.  Savage=looking;  fearnn- 
spiring.    [  <  AS.  grislic,  terrible.] — gris'Ii-ness,  adv. 

gris'ly2t,a.    Grizzly. 

gri'son,  1  grai'san;  2  gri'son,  re.  1.  A  South=American  weasel* 
like  carnivore.  2.  A  South»American  monkey,  sap'a-jout. 
[<  F.  orison,  gray,  <  gris;  see  grisette.] 

GrI"sOBS',  1  gri"z6h';  2  gri'son',  re.  pi.  The  easternmost  can- 
ton of  Switzerland,  or  its  inhabitants;  2,773  sq.  m.;  pop. 
118,300. 

grist,  1  grist;  2  grist,  re.  1.  A  portion  of  grain  to  be 
ground.  2.  A  supply;  provision.  [AS.] — grist '=mill", 
re.    A  mill  for  grinding  grain. 

gris 'tie,  1  gris'l;  2  gris'l,.n.  Cartilage,  especially  in  meat. 
[AS.]  — gris 'tied,  a.  Of  or  like  gristle.— gris'tli- 
ness,  re. 

grit,  1  grit;  2  grit,  v.  [grit'ted11;  grit'ting.]  I.  t. 
[Colloq.]  To  grate  or  grind  together.  II.  i.  To  be 
ground  together;  also,  to  give  forth  a  grating  sound. 

grit,  a.    [Scot.]    Great;  influential. 

grit1,  n.  1.  Rough,  hard  particles;  sand  or  gravel;  a  com- 
pact sandstone.  2.  Firmness  of  character,  especially  in 
pain  or  danger;  pluck;  courage.  [  <  AS.  gredt,  dust.] 
grit'ty,  a.  1.  Containing  or  consisting  of  grit.  2.  [U.  S.] 
Full  of  pluck. — grlt'ti-ness,  n. 

grit2,  re.  1.  Coarse  meal.  2.  pi.  Grain  hulled  or  granu- 
lated.   [  <  AS.  grytt,  flour,  bran.] 

griz'zle,  >  1  griz'l;  2  griz'l,  v.    I.  t.    To  cause  to  grow  gray. 

griz'lp,    J  II§.  i.    To  become  gray. 

griz'zle,  n.  A  mixture  of  white  and  black;  gray.  [< 
OHG. of  gris,  gray.]— griz'zled,  a.  Gray.— griz'zly,  a. 
Grayish;  somewhat  gray. — griz- 
zly bear,  a  large,  ferocious  grizzly* 
gray  or  brownish  bear  of  western 
North  America,     griz'zly  J. 

groan,  1  gron;  2  gron,  v.    \.  t.    To 
utter    with    groans.     II.  i.     To 


utter  a  low,  continued,  distress-^.  % 

fnl    sntinrl    as   in   nnin  nr  surrnw:      V.  11 


Grizzly  Bear 


ful  sound,  as  in  pain  or  sorrow:     lo- 
used also  figuratively,  as  of  a 
loaded  tabLe. 

groan,  re.  A  low,  murmuring 
sound,  as  of  distress  :  used  also 
figuratively.    [  <  AS.  granian.] 

groat,  1  grot;  2  grot,  re.  A  former  English  silver  coin: 
fourpencc;  a  trifle.    [  <  LG.  grote,  a  coin.] 

groats,  1  grots;  2  grots,  re.  pi.  Hulled  and  crushed  oats 
or  wheat.    [  <  AS.  grdtan.] 

gro'cer,  1  gro'sar;  2  gro'cer,  n.  One  who  deals  in  gro- 
ceries. [  <  LL.OF  grossarius,  <  grossus,  great.] — 
gro'cer-y,  n.  [-iesz,  pi.]  1.  [U  S.]  A  grocer's  store  or  shop. 
2.  pi.    Household  supplies  for  the  table. 

Grod'no,  1  grod'no;  2  grod'no.  re.  A  city  in  W.  Russia; 
evacuated  by  Russians  before  <  lerman  advance.  Sept.  1, 1915. 

grog,  1  grog;  2  grog,  n.  A  mixture  of  spirits  and  water; 
any  intoxicating  drink.  [  <  'Old  Grog,'  a  nickname  of 
Admiral  Veiyion  (1684-1757).]  —  grog'ger-y,  re.  A  low 
drinklng'place.— grog'gy,  a.  [-gi-er;  -gi-est.]  1.  Tipsy. 
2.  Staggering;  unsteady. — grog'gl-ness,  n. — grog'=sliop", 
n.    A  liquor=saloon. 

grog'rani,  l  grog'ram;  2  grog/ram,  re.  A  coarse  silk  and 
mohair  fabric.     [<  OF.  gros,  coarse,   +  grain,  grain.] 

groin,  1  groin;  2  groin.  I.  vt.  To  form  into  groins,  as 
arches.  II.  n.  1.  Anat.  The  crease  where  the  thigh 
joins  the  abdomen.  2.  Arch.  The  line  of  intersection  of 
two  vaults.       t<  Ice.  grein,  branch,  arm.] 

grom 'met,  1  grom'et;  2  grfim'et,  re.  Naut.  1.  A  ring  of 
rope.  2.  A  metallic  eyelet,  as  for  a  sail.  [OF.,  boy,,  dim. 
of  gramme,  groom.)    grum'mett- 

Gro'nlng-cn,  1  gr6'nin-en;  2  irO'nlng-fin,  re.  A  fortillcd  uni- 
versity town  in  x.  E.  Netherlands;  pop.  77,000. 

groom,  1  grum;  2  groom.  I.  vt.  To  take  care  of,  as  a 
horse:  sometimes  used  figuratively  of  persons;  as,  he 
appeared  we0»groomed.  II.  «.  1.  A  person  who  cares 
for  horses  in  the  stable;  hostler.  2.  A  bridegroom.  3I|. 
A  menial;  page;  servitor,  |  •  !<■''.  gromr,  man,  servant .] 
.—grooms  'man,  n.  The  man  who  attends  the  bridegroom 
at  a  wedding. 

groove,  |  1  griiv;  2  groov.    I.  vt.    [geoov(e)d8;  groov'- 

groov1',  (  inc.]   To  form  a  groove  in;  fix  in  a  groove;  shape 

like  a  groove.  II.  /;.  1.  A  fuTTOW,  channel,  or  long  hol- 
low, especially  as  cut  by  a  tool  for  some!  hing  to  fil  into 
or  work  in.    2.  A  iixeii  routine  in  the  affairs  of  life. 

[<  D.  groef,  groe.vc,  gravel 
grope,  1  grop;  2  grop,  vt.  &  vi.    [groped1;  ghop'ino.J    To 


search  out,  as  in  the  dark;  feel  one's  way;  search  uncer- 
tainly.    [  <  AS.  grdpian,  <  grap,  grip.J — grop  'er,  re. 

gros,  1  gro;  2  gro,  re.  1.  An  old  silver  coin  of  France  or  En- 
gland. 2.  A  textile  fabric  of  heavy  grade  or  quality,  espe- 
cially a  stout  silk.     [F.,  lit.  gross.] 

gros 'beak",  1  gros'blk";  2  gros'bek",  re.  One  of  various 
small  birds  allied  to  the  finches  and  having  a  large  stout 
beak,  including  the  rose* 
breasted  grosbeak,  and  the 
cardinal  redbird  of  North 
America.  [  <  gross,  thick, 
+  beak,  re.l 

gros 'grain",  1  gro'gren";2  gro'- 
gran",  re.  A  corded  silk  of  light 
luster.     [F.] 

gross,  1  gros;   2  gros,  a.     1. 

Large  and  coarse;  glaring,  as     Rose-breasted  Grosbeak, 
an  error  or  fault.   2.  Entire;  /10 

undiminished  by  deductions:  opposed  to  net.  3.  Coarse 
in  meaning  or  composition.  4.  Dull  of  apprehension 
or  feeling.     [<  LL.F  grossus,  thick.] 

Syn.:  see  corpulent;  foul;  immodest;  thick;  vulgar. 
— gross 'ly,  adv. — gross 'ness,  re. 

gross,  re.  [gross,  pi.]  1.  Twelve  dozen,  as  a  unit.  2. 
The  greater  part;  mass;  entire  amount. — great  gross, 
twelve  gross,  as  a  unit. 

grot,  1  grot;  2  grot,  re.   [Poet.]  A  grotto. 

Grote,  1  grot;  2  grot,  George  (1794-1871).  An  English  bank- 
er and  historian;  History  of  Greece,  etc. 

gro-tesque',  1  gro-tesk';  2  gro-tesk',  a.  Incongruously 
composed  or  ill=proportioned;  fantastic;  ludicrously  or 
whimsically  odd  or  extravagant.  [F.,  <  It.  grottesca,  < 
grotta,  grotto.]    Syn.:  see  fanciful;  odd;  ridiculous. 

—  gro-tesque 'ly,  adv.  —  gro-tesque'ness,  n.  —  gro- 
tesque'ry,  n.  A  grotesque  object,  speech,  or  performance; 
grotesque  actions  in  general,     gro-tcsque'rlet. 

Gro'ti-us,  1  gro'shi-us;  2  gro'shi-us,  Hugo  (1583-1645).  A 
Dutch  theologian,  jurist,  and  historian. 

grot'to,  1  grot'o;  2  grot'o,  n.  A  small  cavern;  cavern«like 
retreat.  [<  It.  grotta,  <  L.LL  crypta,  crypt.] — grot'to* 
work",  n. 

grouch,  1  graucli;  2  grouch.  [Colloq.,  U.  S.]  I.  vt.  &  vi. 
To  grumble;  utter  complaints  in  a  surly  tone;  be  discon- 
tented. II.  re.  1.  A  discontented,  grumbling  person. 
2.  A  grumbling,  sulky  mood. — grouch 'y,  a.— grouch  '- 
i-ly,  adv. 

Grou"chy\  1  gru'slu';  2  gru'chy',  Emmanuel,  Marquis 
(1766-1847).  A  French  marshal;  failed  to  prevent  the  Prus- 
sian advance  at  Waterloo. 

groundd,  1  ground;  2  ground,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  fix  firmly; 
found;  establish.  2.  To  train  in  first  principles.  3.  To 
put,  place,  or  set  on  or  in  the  ground;  run  aground.  4. 
To  supply  with  a  ground,  as  a  prepared  surface  for 
painting,  etching,  etc.  5.  Elec.  To  place  in  electrical 
connection  with  the  earth,  as  a  wire.  II.  i.  1.  To  run 
aground,  as  a  ship.    2.  To  come  or  fall  to  the  ground. 

ground,  imp.  &  pp.  of  grind,  v. 

ground,  a.    1.  Being  on  the  ground  or  on  a  level  with  it. 

2.  Fundamental;  as,  the  ground  form  of  a  word. — 
ground  floor,  the  floor  of  a  building  at  or  near  the  ground- 
level;  an  advantageous  position,  as  in  business. 

ground,  re.  1.  The  firm,  solid  portion  of  the  earth  at 
and  near  its  surface.     2.  Hence,  a  pavement  or  floor. 

3.  Any  region  or  tract  of  land,  especially  a  portion  put  to 
special  use.  4.  A  base  or  foundation;  also,  a  starting" 
point;  reason;  basis;  cause.  5.  Figuratively,  position  or 
standing;  as,  to  gain,  hold,  or  lose  (/round.  6.  pi.  The 
particles  tjiat  settle  at  the  bottom  of  a  liquid  prepara- 
tion; dregs.  7.  In  various  arts,  some  preparative  work 
or  part,  as,  in  painting,  a  first  coat  or  color  or  a  surface 
prepared  therewith.  8.  Mus.  The  plain-song  or  air  as 
abasisfor  development  and  variation.  9.  Eire.  A  con- 
nection of  a  current  with  the  earth.  [<  AS.  grund  I 
Syn.:  see  land;  motive;  reason.—  ground '•dove*,  n.  A 
pigeon  of  terrestrial  habits  oommon  in  the  southern  United 
Slates,  Asia,  and  Australia;  crown  pigeon,  g.'hog,  n.  The 
woodchuck.    g.  laurel,/;  The  trailing  arbutus,    ground '- 

less,  a  Without  foundation,  reason,  or  cause.  -ly,  adv. 
-ness,  n.  ground 'ling,  n.  1.  Any  animal  thai  lives  on 
the  ground.      2.    An  underling  or  base  person.      3f.  <  >i>"  of 

the  audience  In  the  pit  of  a  theater,  g.'plne,  n.  Bot  An 
evergreen  and  mostly  creeping  plant ;  club-moss.  g.<i>lun, 
n.  The  horizontal  plan  of  the  ground  Boor  ot  a  building;  a 

preliminary  plan  of  any  kind,  -g.'plate,  rt,  I.  A  groundsill 
2.  A  bcd-plale,  as  for  railroad   ties,    3.   Elec.    A  metal  plate 

in  the  ground  forming  the  cart  h-eonnerl  Ion  of  an  electric 
circuit.     g.>plot,   n.      A    bullillng-lnt;   also,  a  ground-plan. 

— g.arent,  «.    The  rem  ,.r  grounds  lease. i  tor  building 

ground  'sill ",  n.  The  lowest  horizontal  timber  111  a  frame 
building  or  the  like,  ground 'sell. —g.»squlrrel,  n.  A  ro- 


CriUimKH           u                „,,.,,  I  |  |A;    n»t,  flr;   full,  rQle;   but,  burn; 

Ctllll  *■-.*■'■.    mr       ■  >i  I  .    I       c,  go,  not,  61,  won,      |tl 


trm 


i 


gfl 


t 

growl. 


■ 
ipper  I 

■   M  ll.lt 

:  It    ■    OHG 
given  to 

.     ..U»    lug.  •,  Iitilll  . 

i  nni  «ith  grout. 

:  »  ttti  gravel,  pound 

.1  structure  or 

i  .   meal. 

grout  'lug.  •!     < trout,  "r  the  act 

1.  Turbid,  as  liquor.  2. 
[brush  I  -.  AS.  graf  J 
a      .  a  it  Ik  nit  under- 

r-BIXKD;-]  l.-lNii  or 

■  in  tin-  earth;  In-  abjectly  pr..-- 

gm\  Vl-cr.  gnu  '- 

■l-inic.  gm»  vi-llug.  ;  i     Lying  prostrate; 

l*rop  adv  .  •    Ice  grUfa,  Dal  on 

JTOl  Vl-lng-l>.  u<tT. 

J..IU.W  ;  QBOWN;  ..lew  'in..  1      I.  (, 

ture.    II.  i.    1.  To  increase 

'.'.   i     be  pi    ta 

to  grow 

ittachi  d:  with  to.    5.  To 

•  •  on  direction.    [  < 

grim    cr,  n. 
I.  'I'c  utter  in  :i  surly 

.:t ;  grumble,  II.  n.     The 
bj  an  angry  animal; 
■  '  .  '  imbhng.  [Cp.  13.  grollen, 

true. 
gro«  I  .  r.  I.  One  who  or  that  which 

-el  In  which  beer  Is  carried 
•  '■  ■ .  ■  :.■  ;  ko  of  aila 
gr..w  ii  iw,  r. 

•;r"M  th,  l .  increase  "f  a 

■  iral  process;  any  gradual  in- 
'.'.  \  nything  grown 
I  ■  ■/<ir,  <   grua, 

LESS. 
-'ni '  •  IB1  BBZDj  <, id  n'niNi;.]     1. 

lig  bj      ratcning 

1  i.i.il  labor;  drudge.     3. 

[ME. 

grub'ner,  n     1.  i  ine  who  or 

y  ■■■■'■  ■  :  ■  ■  - nish     S.  An  Implement 

•  -  tool  fur  pulling  Btumps,  etc 

1  -  i     .1.   \ 

grub'; 
supply  a  pr 

grub'- 

i  pr  ivlded 

i  ondon, 

l  literary  hacks. — 

,,ri"'  I  ol  literary  hi 

II.  n.     Inferior  uuthors  as  a  class. 
Cnnll."  I.      I,       [OHCDOED,   OBI 

1 

II.  I.  Ill  will 

wrong.     2.  Reluc- 

-.    murmur  | 

grudg'lng,  n      1.  The  act  of 

:  '  •'  •  •'  •  :•  ■•     '  ••"  ■  ■■■  ■    -..•         ;.  Reluctance  - 

gradglag-lj  . 

1  pain  or 

idder. 

gru  .1. 

DoibngmealinwaUTormilk.     \^  \.\."T  gruullum.  dim 

ST""  '-"in.  .  I  i  rn.fi.      Bogs 

rightful  thoughts;  bornd.     [Cr> 
Dai.  -I 


graft!,  :  Rough  or  moras.  .  lurb     I  ■    1 1 

gruff'lih,  ,i 
■  r  i ■  rr  i  > .  rruiT'neM, 

Kriini.  |  grunt;  2  gram,  a      l.  Morose,  millen,  or  sour; 

'.'.  1 1  ittural     |  •    AS  gram,  grom,  angry  1 
gTum'ble, )  1  grum'bl;  2  grum'bl     I.       d         [ohom' 
grum'bl',  i  in  (i   i.' .  ■  .m  miu  in,,  1    To  utter  complaints 
in  ■  murmur;  gi  « ith  ol     II. 

I.   i  '     act  "t  grumbling;  a  complaint;  murmui     ''• 
\  Bt  ol  ill  temper.     |  <   Ml)    grommeUn,  freq    ol 
n  M.       Byn.a  see  complain     era  m 'bier,  b. 
One  who  grumbles  or  complains     grum'hlhig-1) ,  ads. 
grume,  1  gram;  2  grum.B.    A.  viscid,  semifluid  mass    [Ol  .  - 
him,  little  heap  ]    gra'mous, a     t.  Bot   Consisting 

of  clustered  grains     S.  Clotted     gru'i 

grump'y,  l  gromp'i;  2  ftrttmp'y,  a     Exhibiting  surliness 
run ness;  glum     [Cp  orcm,  a.]    grump'My,  adv, 
Grun'dy,  1  grun'di;  2  grun'dy,  Mrs.    a  character  Id  Morton's 
comedy,  Speed  tin  Plough  (1709;  no*  symbolising 
in  general  as  ■  tj  raflnlcal  censor  ol  morals  and  manners, 
gran'sel,  l  gron'sel;2  grun'sel,  b,  [Obs.  .v  Bool  i  a  ground- 
sill   grand 'selt. 

grunt,  1  grunt;  2  grunt.  I.  if  A  ri,  To  Utter  ill  B  gut- 
tural manner;  emit  a  deep  guttural  sound;  murmur; 
complain.    II.  n.    1.  A  short,  guttural  sound,  as  of  a 

li.'g  2.  A  food-fish  "i  warm  American  seas;  a  rod- 
mouth.    [<  AS.  grunian,  grunt.]    S.vn..  see  immi'lain. — 

grunt  Vr,  n.     A   person  or  animal  that  grants;  a  hog. 
(;ru")t're\   ]    k'rir.\flr';  2  grtt»ySj»1    „       ,\    Swiss  and    1- Tench 

skim-milk  cheese:  named  from  the  town  ol  Oruyere,  Switzer- 
land    Schweltser  kKset;  Swiss  cheeset. 

■ryph'on  ,  1  grlfon;  2  gryPon,  n,    A  griffln.    gry'font. 

(;.  S.,  aoor,    ( irand  s,  rlbe,  <  Irand  Becretary,  <  Irand  Sentinel, 

i  Bentry.    k>..  abbr.    Guineas.     H-  T.,  aht<r     Good 

Templars,  Grand  Tiler,     gt.,  abbr.    [art.,  pi.]    [i..i    ainiu 

(drop).-  tit.  Br.,  <;t.  Brit.,  ooor.    Great  Britain.— gu., 

abbr.    Guinea, 

t.u.i' d.i-i.i-Ia'ra.  i  gwfl'ma-la-hfl'ro;  2  Bwft'th&-I&-hft'rS,  n. 

Tin- capital  (pop.  119,000]  Of  the  State  Of  JallflOO,  Mexico. 
t.ua"dal-i|iil\  'lr.  1  gS'dSl-kwlv'sr  Ot  VSp.)  gw<i-tlinl"kl-vlr'; 
■lal-kwlv'er  OT  ISp.)  gwii-tharki-vir',  n.      A  river  In  S. 

spam;  length,  860  m  to  the  ( lull  ol  <  !adls. 
<iua"da-lupe'.  1  gS'de-lflp';  2  ga'da-lup',  "     1.  G.  Hl-dal'- 

go,  a  town  (pop.  8,000),  mar  Mexico  <  My;  treaty  (Feb.  2, 
1848)  ceding  California  and  New    Mexico  to  the  united 

States,  2.  <;.  Mountains,  a  range  In  Texas  and  XeW 
Mexico  between  the  Pecos  and  Rio  Grande  rivers 

(»ua"de-loupe',  1  gwn'da-lup'.  2 gw&'de-lup'. B.  l.A  French 
colony  (687  sq.  m.;  pop.  ls-'.ll(llli  In  the  West  Indies;  capital, 
Basse  Terre.    2.  The  chief  Island  of  the  group. 

<.ua"iii-a'na,  l  gwfi'thi-{or  (Pff.)-dl-]fi'na;2  gw&'ttuHor  (Pa) 
-<li-lii'na,  n.  A  river  In  B.  W.  Spain  and  Portugal;  length, 
blS  m.  to  the  Atlantic. 

gual'ac,  1  gwul'ak  or  gwe'yak;  2  gwl'ac  or  gwft'yac,  n.  Gual- 
acimi  wood  or  resin. 

(■ual'a-rum,  1  gwol'S-kum  or  irwC'ya-kum;  2  gwl'a-efun  or 
gwft'ya-edm,  n.  1.  A  genus  ol  tropical  American  trees  or 
shrubs  of  the  bcan»capor  or  llgnum-vltaj  family,  with  very 
hard,  durable  wood.  2.  [g-]  A  greenish-brow  n  resin  used  In 
medicine.    [<  Bp.  guavoeo  (of  s -Am  origin)  I 

Guam,  1  gwam;  2  gwiim,  n.  The  chief  Island  of  the  Fadronc 
(.roup.  Pacific  ocean  (L'OO  BQ.  ni.;  pop.  IL>. (H)(1);  capilal, 
Agafia;  ceded  to  the  United  States  by  Spain,  IH'JH. 

gua'na,  1  gwa'no;  2  gxvii'na.  h.  1.  Same  as  iguana.  2.  A  llz- 
ard-llke  reptile  of  New  Zealand. 

giia-na'eo,  1  gwti-nu'ko;  2  gwii-nii'co.  B.  [S.  Am.]  A  South" 
American  eamelold  ruminant  ol  light-brown  color,  passing 
Into  white  below,    hua-na'cot. 

gua'no,  1  Kwa'no;  2gwa'nn,  n,  1.  The  accumulated  excre- 
ni.  nt  of  sea-birds  found  in  the  dry  climate  of  the  Peru- 
vian coa<t  and  el*  win -p-:  used  as  a  fertilizer,  'i.  A  man- 
ufactured nitrogenous  fertilizer;  also,  decomposing  ani- 
mal remains  used  a-  a  fertilizer.  [<  Peruv.  huanu,  dung.] 

(•u.'iii-la'iia-ino,  1  gwdn-tn'iin-mo;  2  g\%an-la'iia-m0,  n.  A 
City  In  B.  F.  Cuba;  U.  S.  naval  station;  pop    7.100. 

KUar"an-U'i'\  I  1  gar";.n-tl';  2  gar"an-te'.     I.  nt.    [-teed'; 

gar"aii-tee'p,  }  -TEE'lNO.]  I.  To  promise  or  warrant  the 
performance  of.  2.  To  secure  against  loss  or  damage. 
gnar'an-tj  t.  II.  n.  1.  A  guaranty.  2.  One  to  whom  a 
guaranty  is  givi-n.  .'J.  Commonly,  bul  less  correctly,  a 
guarantor — guar'an-tor",  b.  One  who  or  that  which 
guarantees  or  warrant-. 

guar'an-ty,  I  1    gar'j.n-ti;   2   gar'an-ty.      I.   vt.      [-tied; 

gar'an-ty'',  (  -tv-im;.|  Same  as  llauantee.  II.  n. 
[-tif.hz,  pi]  I.  An  undertaking  by  one  person  to  be 
answerable  for  some  obligation  of  another.  2.  The  act 
of  making  sure,  or  that  which  assures.  [  <  OF.  yarantie, 
fein.  pp.  of  garanllr.  warrant] 

guard,  I  1  gard;2  i>:ird.    I*1,  vt.  &  vi.    1.  To  watch  over  or 

gard",  ]  care  for  in  order  to  secure,  as  from  evil  or  hurt; 

protect;  defend.     2.  To  watch  over  in  order  to  prevent 

cape  of.    3,  To  provide  or  make  secure  against 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit:    aisle;    au  =  o«t;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    rj  =  sinff;   fhin,  this,    groundsel 

363     2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  b&y;  go,   gem;   ink;    fehin,    this.  guilt 


attack  or  adverse  criticism.  4.  To  take  precautions. 
51! .  To  protect  and  adorn  the  edge  of  (a  garment),  as 
with  facings.  II.  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which  protects 
or  defends,  as  a  man  or  a  body  of  men  ptotecting  a  per- 
son from  danger  or  a  place  from  attack.  2.  A  state  of 
watchful  oversight;  an  attitude  or  condition  of  defense. 
3.  Any  of  various  securing  or  protecting  devices;  as,  a 
watchguard.  4.  One  having  charge,  as  of  a  train,  or  of 
baggage  on  a  railway.  5.  pi.  Specif.,  a  body  of  picked 
soldiers  to  defend  the  capital  of  a  country  or  to  guard 
the  person  of  the  sovereign.  [  <  OF.  garder,  warder,  < 
MHG.  wartcn,  watch. 1  Syn.:  (verb)  see  keep;  preserve; 
shelter;  (noun)  see  defense;  rampart. — guard'ed,  pa. 
Exhibiting  caution;  circumspect,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. — 
guard  '=house",  n.  1.  Mil.  The  building  occupied  by  a 
guard  and  by  men  in  confinement.  2.  Hence,  a  lockup. — 
guard 'i-an.  I.  a.  Keeping  guard;  watching.  II.  n.  1. 
A  person  who  legally  has  the  care  of  the  person  or  prop- 
erty, or  both,  of  another,  as  of  a  minor.  2.  A  guard;  war- 
den. Syn.:  see  superintendent.  —  guard  'I-an-shlp,  n. 
The  office  of  guardian;  hence,  protection;  care,  guard '- 
aget.— g.=rail,  re.  1.  A  hand-  or  safety-rail  for  the  use  of 
a  ship's  passengers  or  crew.  2.  A  beam  or  rail  parallel  to  a 
main-rail  in  a  track  to  prevent  the  wheels  from  jumping  the 
track:  used  on  curves  and  other  dangerous  places.  — g.= 
room,  re.  Mil.  The  room  occupied  by  a  guard  while  on 
duty.  2.  A  prisoners'  cell.— g.sship,  re.  1.  The  ship  (of  a 
squadron)  on  guard-duty  for  the  day.  2.  A  ship  of  war 
stationed  in  a  harbor  for  its  protection.— guards'man,  re. 
A  member  of  a  body  of  guards.— Ilfe=g.,  re.  A  guard  of  the 
person:  a  body-guard. 

Gua"te-ma'la,  1  go"ti-ma'la;  2  ga'te-ma'la.  re.  A  Central 
American  republic  (4S.290  sq.  m.;  pop.  1,999,000);  or  its 
capital  (pop.  90,000).— Gua"te-ma'lan,  a.  &  n.  Gua"te- 
ma'li-ant. 

gua'va,  1  gwu'va;  2  gwa'va,  re.    A  tropical  American  tree 
of  the  myrtle  family;  also,  its  fruit,  from 
which    guava   jelly  is  made.      [<    Braz. 
guaiva.] 

Guay"a-quil',  1  gwara-kll';  2  gwrii-kil',  re. 
A  city  (pop.  80,000)  of  Ecuador.— Gulf  of 
G.,  a  gulf  on  the  coast  of  Ecuador. 

gua-yu'Ie,  1  gwa-yu'le;2gwa-yu'Ie,  re.  A  pe- 
rennial herb  of  the  aster  family,  of  Texas 
and  Mexico,  the  inspissated  sap  of  which 
furnishes  a  substitute  for  rubber. 

gu"ber-na-to'ri-al,  1  giu'Tjar-na-to'ri-al; 
2  gu"ber-na-to'ri-al,  a.  [U.  S.]  Of  or  per- 
taining to  a  governor  or  the  office  of  gov- 
ernor. [  <  L.  gubernator,  governor,  < 
guberno,  govern. 1 

gude,  lgiid;  2  giid,  a.  [Scot.]  Good,  guldf.  white  Guava 
— gude'sman,  g.»wlfe,  etc.  Same  as  good-  and  fruit  (a). 
man,  etc. 

gudg'eon,  lguj'an;2gudg'on,ttf.  To  dupe;  impose  upon;  cheat. 

gudg'eon1,  n.  1.  An  Old  World  carp-like  fish,  very  easily 
caught.  2.  A  simpleton.  3.  Anything  to  be  gained 
without  effort.    [  <  Gr.L+F  kobios,  kind  of  fish.] 

gudg'eon2,  re.  1.  Mech.  The  bearing  of  a  shaft,  especially 
when  made  of  a  separate  piece.  2.  A  metallic  journal-piece 
let  into  the  end  of  a  wooden  shaft.  3.  A  pin:  in  various 
uses.     [  <  OF.  govgeon,  pin  of  a  pulley.] 

guel'dcrsrose",  1  gel'dar=roz";  2  gel'dcr-ros.",  n.  The  snow- 
ball-tree, a  cultivated  variety  of  cranberry  with  clusters  of 
white  ilowers.    [Cp.  F.  rose  dc  Gueldre,  rose  of  Gelderiand] 

Guelf,  1  gwelf;  2  gwelf.  re.  A  supporter  of  the  house  of  Guelf, 
which  became  in  modern  times  the  royal  family  of  Hanover 
and  also  of  England ;  later,  a  member  of  the  papal  and  popu- 
lar party  In  medieval  Italy,  opposed  to  the  imperial  and  aris- 
tocratic party  of  the  Ghibellines.  GuelphJ.— Guelf'l-an, 
a.  Guelf'lct;  Guelph'I-an?;  Guelph'lcl..— Guelf'lsm, 
Guelph'lsm,  re. 

gucr'don,  1  g0r'dan;2gur'don,  n.  An  honorable  reward; 
recompense;  requital.  [<  OIIG.OF  wiilar,  back,  again, 
+  ton,  reward.] 

Gucrn'scy,  1  gurn'zi;  2  gern'gy,  re.  1.  One  of  the  Channel 
Islands  (9  by  5  m.;  pop.  43,000).  2.  One  of  a  breed  of  cattle 
thence  derived.    :{.  [g-j  A  knit,  sliirt;  Jersey. 

guer-rll'la,  1  ge-ril's;  2  gC-rll'a,  n.     One  of  an  irregular 

hand  of  partisan  soldiers,  usually  mounted:  often  used 
attributively;  as,  guerrilla  warfare.      [<    Sp.   guerrilla, 
skirmish.]    guc-ril'Iat. 
glieSS,  1  1  ges;  2  ges,  vl.  &  vi.    1.  To  hazard  ;i  supposition 
gess1',  (about;  conjecture;  surmise.     2.  To  conjecture 
correctly ;  divine.    3.  [Colloq.]  To  believe;  decide;  think. 
Syn.:  conjecture,  divine,  fancy,  Imagine,  suppose,  sur- 
mise, BUSpeCt,    See  solve.  BUPPOSB.   '  'ompiirc  synonyms  for 

guess,  n.;  hypothesis.     Ant.: demonstrate,  establish,  prove, 

—  Prep.:  one  may  guess  at  a  riddle  many  limes  without 
solving  It,  or  by  guessing  at  It  may  hit  upon  the  true  solu- 
tion; when  be  gues.se.)  the  riddle  he  bus  solved  it. 


— guess 'work",  n.    The  process  of  guessing,  or  the  result 
obtained  thereby;  a  guess,  or  guesses  collectively. 

guess,  n.  1.  A  tentative  opinion  or  conclusion;  a  sup- 
position; surmise;  conjecture.  2.  The  act  of  guessing. 
[ME.  gessen,  <  geten,  get.] 

Syn.:  conjecture,  hypothesis,  supposition,  surmise.  A 
guess  is  a  swift  conclusion  from  data  directly  at  hand,  and 
held  as  probable  or  tentative,  while  one  confessedly  lacks 
material  for  certainty.  A  conjecture  is  preliminary  and  ten- 
tative, but  more  methodical  than  a  guess;  a  supposition  is 
more  nearly  final;  a  surmise  is  floating  and  visionary,  and 
often  sinister;  as,  a  surmise  that  a  stranger  may  be  a  pick- 
pocket. Compare  guess,  v.;  hypothesis. — Ant.:  assurance, 
certainty,  confidence,  conviction,  demonstration,  proof. 
— guess 'er,  n. 

guest,  \  1  gest;  2  gest,  n.    1.  A  person  received  and  enter- 

gestp,  J  tained  at  the  house  of  another;  a  visitor.  2.  A 
lodger  cr  boarder.  3.  A  parasitic  animal.  4f.  A  for- 
eigner; stranger.    [  <  AS.  gsest,  gest.] 

guff,  1  guf ;  2  guf,  re.    A  sudden  or  slight  gust  of  air;  puff. 

guf-faw',  1  gu-fo';  2  gu-fa',  re.  A  shout  of  boisterous 
laughter;  horse-laugh.    [Of  imitative  orig.] 

gug'gle,  v.  &  re.    [Colloq.]    Same  as  gurgle. 

Gui-a'na,  1  gl-d'na;  2  gi-a'na,  n.  A  territory,  N.  E.  South 
America,  comprising  British  G.  (90,277  sq.  m.;  pop.  296,- 
000),  Dutch  G.  (46,000  sq.  m.;  pop.  86,000),  and  French 
G.  (30,500  sq.  m.;  pop.  49,000). 

guide,  1  gaid;  2  gld.  I.  vt.  [GUiD'EDd;  gtjid'ing.]  1.  To 
conduct  in  a  course  or  path;  lead.  2.  To  exercise  direc- 
tion over;  manage;  train.  3.  [Scot.]  To  use;  treat.  II. 
re.  1.  One  who  leads  or  directs  another  in  any  path  or 
direction;  one  who  shows  the  way  by  accompanying  or 
going  in  advance.  2.  Something  serving  to  guide;  a 
guide-book.  3.  Mech.  Any  device  acting  as  an  indicator 
or  serving  to  keep  a  part  or  object  in  position  or  to  regu- 
late its  operation.  4.  Mil.  A  soldier  stationed  on  the 
flank  of  a  line  to  mark  a  pivot  or  regulate  an  alinement. 
[<  OF.  guider,  of  Germanic  orig]  Syn.:  (verb)  see  lead; 
regulate;  (noun)  see  rule. — gul'dance,  n.  The  act,  proc- 
ess, or  result  of  guiding;  a  leading;  direction.  —  guide's 
board",  n.  A  board  bearing  directions  for  travelers,  erected 
usually  at  the  junction  of  highways.  nn'ger=post"t. — 
g. shook,  re.  A  handbook  for  travelers  or  tourists,  contain- 
ing descriptions  of  places,  routes,  etc. — g.spost,  n.  The 
post  on  which  a  guide-board  is  erected;  also,  the  post  and 
board  taken  together. 

Gui'do,  1  gwi'do;  2  gwi'do,  n.  1.  G.  d'Arezzo  (990?-1050?), 
an  Italian  Benedictine  monk;  musician;  invented  present 
musical  notation.  2.  G.  Rcnl  (1575-1642),  an  Italian 
painter;  Aurora. 

gui'don,  1  gal'dan;  2  gl'don,  n.  Mil.  A  forked  guide-flag 
carried  by  a  cavalry  company  or  mounted  battery;  also,  the 
officer  who  carries  it.    [F.,  <  guider,  guide.] 

Gul"enne',  1  gi'en';  2  gi'en',  re.  An  ancient  province  of  S.  W. 
France;  substantially  identical  with  Aquitalne. 

guild,  guild 'hall",  guild 'ry,  etc.    Same  as  gild,  etc. 

guild 'er,  1  gild'ar;  2  gild'er,  n.  The  monetary  unit  of  Hol- 
land, value  40.2  cents;  a  florin.  [Formerly  gilden,  var.  of 
gulden,  <  MHG.  guldln,  florin,  <  guldln,  golden,  <  golt, 
gold.I 

guile,  1  goil ;  2  gil,  n.  The  act  of  deceiving,  or  the  disposi- 
tion to  deceive;  a  stratagem.  [OF.]  Syn.:  see  ARTIFICE; 
deception.— gulle'ful,  a.  Full  of  deceit  or  guile.  Syn : 
see  insidious.  —  gulie'less,  a.  Free  from  guile;  artless; 
frank.  Syn.:  see  candid;  innocent;  pure. — guile'lcss-ly, 
adv. — gulle'less-ness,  re.  _ 

gull'le-niot,  1  gil'a-mot;  2  gH'e-mot,  re.    A  species  of  auk  of 
northern  latitudes.      [F.,  <    Bret.  Owelan, 
gull,  +  F.  mouette,  sea-mew.] 

gUil"lo-tine',  1  gil"o-tin';  2  gIl"o-tin',  vt. 
[-tined';  -tin'ing]  To  behead  with  the 
guillotine. 

guil'lo-tine",  1  gil'o-tin";  2  gll'o-tin",  n. 
1.  The  instrument  of  capital  punishment 
in  France,  in  which  a  weighted  knife 
falls  and  beheads  the  victim.      2.  A  form 

of   paper-cutting  machine,      :i.    Surg. 
An  instrument  for  cutting    „ 

the  tonsils.  [1«\  ,  <  I  >i\  .1 .  1  i*rf**\ 
(luillolln  (1738-1814).] 
guilt,  1  gilt;  2  gill,  n.  l.The 
state  of  one  who,  by  viola- 
tion (jf  law,  bas  made  him- 
self liable  to  or  deserving  of 
punishment;  in  theology,  ex- 
posedness  to  punishment;  a 
state  of  condemnation.    2.  Guillotine, 

Any  exposure  to  fine  or  for- 
feiture, as  of  a  ship  for  violation  of  neutrality.     3.  The 
state  of  moral   pollution   resulting   from   wrong-doing; 
wickedness.     [  <  AS.  gyll,  orig.  a  ti.ie,   <  yildan,  pay, 


ilmrw- 
i  ikon 


,       |  B     not.  flr:   fit        ii  ii'.  I.rtrn; 

,  i      i         i  i  11.  won. 


Mi 


guli  h 


fUl~ 


1  III, 

gull  .         1. 

trull.          1. 

gUl  I.  I, 

•gill  h-l 

gulli 

I.Ul'll-^ 


C"l   'J. 


pulp, 


II         (lllll    - 


(.■Hi  i-l>.  tuili  i- 

\ 

! 

(.nil  oil.,    ||     .   ' 

glllll    - 

\-!imr's  unf&lth- 

I 

II  having 

K n 

\  II. 
1 . 

:.  link.  ..i 

uk.    ..I  Henri  de  Lor- 

.• 
mummer. 

\  musical  instrument 

i,  having  usually  .-ix  Btrings 

i,  kind  of  lyre.] 

Francois  Pierre  Gulllanme 

.  philosopher. 
.  rung  i"  iii<'  throat;  as, 
elican.  -oat] 

.  hollow;  gully. 

I.   ;    •    \  .  ■-  'Hungarian 

ten  guilder.    :». 

and  Hol- 

. 

red.     [<  F. 
L.  gula.  thri 
I .  iter  within  an 

■!.  1  bat  which  en- 
t .  passable  <■), .         .".  . 

gUlfe    . 

(lowing  from  the 
mill  - 
ih  stalked  alr« 
g  or  f  till  ol 
. 

ted  swim- 


;    a  piece 

of  being 

rulla-bl  e 

■     l  l-( 

I  •  muel.    Hi  ro    ' 

rue  satires  on  the 

I.  '■•••:,     i.i  i.'i.v-iNf;  1 

1 1  pi.]    A  channel 

- .  narrow  ravin':.     |  < 
I  .  To  swallow  eagerly  and  in 


II.  i  gulping,  or  aomctbing 

Jlow  | 
gUIII,  I'. I  MM]  D,   '•'  md" 

I.  a*  with  gum;  stiff)  □  "r 

gum  .  i.  in  .'i  oertain  trees  or  shrubs  exuded 

■•- 1  rj  i      S.  India-rubber 
i  3  l   India-rubber  ovorahoei     .r>.  1 1     S.j 

natural  gum  "r  other  ton 

.  h.  n  'Ing  mini":, 
i  and  oxidised  "ii  Gi 

mini  .ir'.i-hlr.  ■  gum,  used  In  tin-  arts  and  in  medicine 
..I  from  :i  species  of  acacia      gum'  drop".  \ 

i  tmeat,  often  soft  Inside,  made  usuaU]  i 
omcttmea  also  of  gelatin,  glucose,  etc      mini 
clastic,  Indlarubbe]      gum-mlf 'er-ous,  a      yielding  or 
producing  gum     giun'm) .  i 
covered  « Itb  gum;  viscous;     Btli 
gum'ml-ness,  n        I.  The  condition  of  being  gummy, 
lulatlon  of  gummy  matter    kuih-ih^'i-I)  :. 
gum  plant,  ol  variouaplants  of  the  western  and 

southwestern  United  Btati  U  the  parts  covered 

with  a  glutinous  varnish  when  young     kumi  resin,  a  bard 
Bolld  body  consisting  <>f  a  gum  ami  a  resin     gum'»tree",  n. 
•producing  tree,  as  the  sour  gum  tree  and  >i»  iweet 
I        North  America  and  the  slatj  g.  "f  Australia. 
rum1,         i       ■        .  i .        that  invests  the  necka  "f  Che 
teeth.     [<   As.  g&ma,  palate,  pi.  the  jaws.l     guin'< 
iiiiii".  -    ^  small  boll  formed on.the  gum.    guiii'=rash",  n. 
ith-rash  of  Infancy. 
giiin'iio.  l  gum'bo;  :.'  gum'bo.  >:.    [Southern  V.  B.]    1.  The 

okra  it  lls  p  .'.  ,]i  or  StCW   of  which  okra  Is  an  In- 

gredlent    ■'«.  </•»/.   The  stratified  portion  ol  the  lower  till 

of   !la-    Mississippi    Valley.      4.  Creole   patOlS   In    Louisiana. 

[Proh.  End.  or  negro.]  \tj""ii>r,  rump  I 

gump,  1  gomp;  2  gamp,  n.    [Colloq.]    A  simpleton.    I      lee. 

gumption,   1   gomp'snsn;  2  gump'shon,   n.     1.   [Colloq.] 

Heady  perception;  QUlck-wlttedni  ■'  nf.  The 

art  of  preparing  colors.    [<  AS.  giiman,  perceive,  observe.] 

gun,  1  gun;  2  gun.    1.  n.    [gunned,  •  .!  m>"  ;  qi  it'ning  1 

Py.  S.j  ro  shoot  with  :i  gun,  especially  at  small  game. 

II.  n.    1.  A  metal  tube  p>r  firing  projectiles  by  tin-  force 

of  an  explosive,  together  with  its  stork  ami  other  atr 

tachments.    'J.  A  shotgun,  as  distinguished  from  a  rifle. 

:$.  i  »ne  of  various  other  devices  tor  discharging  missiles 

through  a  tube.    4.  The  discharge  of  a  gun.    5.  [Westi  rn 

U.S.]  A  pistol  or  revolver.    [Perhaps  <  Gr.01  man 

war-engine  for  throwing  Btones.]  -  Gatllng  gun,  a  machine 

gun  with  parallel  Parr.  Is  about  a  central  axis,  each  having 
Its  own  lock:  loaded  and  discharged,  sometimes  at  the  rate 
of  1. iii hi  shots  per  minute,  by  turning  a  crank.-  gun'  =  bar"- 
rel,  n.  The  tube  of  a  gun.— gun 'boat",  n.  Formerly  a 
small  vessel  having  one  gun,  now  a  man-of'war  next  in  size 
below  a  OTiiser.— gun  "Carriage,  n.  A  carriage  upon  winch 
a  cannon  Is  mounted  and  moved.-  gun'cofton,  n.  A 
highly  explosive  compound    prepared    by  creating  cotton 

Willi  nitric  and  sulfuric  acids   -  gun  (leek,  n.     A  covered 
irr.'.ing   the   principal   battery   of  a   vessel   of  war. 

gun  lock,  n.  The  mechanism  of  a  gun  by  winch  the  ham- 
mer or  needle  Is  driven  ami  the  charge  exploded,  gim'- 
man,  n.    a  man  armed  with  a  gun;  especially  il'.  s  I,  one 

of  a  Class  of  city  ruffians  given  to  the  free  use  of  llrcarms.— 
glllllllelal.  n.     An  alloy  of  copper,  or  a  suiierior  qualltj  of 
iron,    used    for  making    cannon,     gun'ner.    n.      1.     One 
who  operates  a  gun;    a  cannoneer;  also,  a  warrant-officer 
In  charge  of  naval  ordnance.    2.  One  who  hunts  game  with  a 
fowling-piece,      gun 'nrr-y,  n.     The  practise  of  using  artil- 
gun'nlng,  n.    The  sport  or  hunting  garni' with  a  gun. 
gun  [mil,  7i.      A    port-hole.  —  gun'pow'Mer,  n.       An 
of  niter,  charcoal,  and  sulfur.  —  gun> 
reach,  n.     The  reach  or  range  of  a     gun:  gunshot.      gun» 
room,  n.    Saul.    A  room  at   the  after  part  of  a  lower  gun- 
deck  for   the   accommodation   of  junior  officers.  —  gun '- 
shot".    I. a.    Made  by  the  shot  of  a  gun;  as,   a  gunshot 
wound.    II.  n.    The  range  or  reach  of  a  gun. — gun=sling, 
n.      1.  Ordnance.  A  sllng'tackle  by  which   to  dismount  or 
handle  a  heavy  gun.    2.  A  strap  or  sling  by  which  a  rifle 
or  shotgun  may  be  slung  from  a  saddle  or  over  a  man's 
gun'smlth",  n.     One  who  makes  or  repairs  fire- 
arms     gun-lock,  n.    The  wooden  part  of  a  firearm,  as  a 
rifle,  etc..  holding  the  lock  and  the  barrel       Maxim  gun,  a 
barreled  automatic  machine  gun,  surrounded  by  a 
jacket,  delivering  600  shots  a  minute,  the  recoil  of 
each  shot  being  utilized  to  fire  the  next. 
Kun.,'iWir.    Gunnery. 

gunnel,  i  gon'el;2  gun'el.  n.    Same  as  gunwale. 
guii'iiy,  1  gun'i;  2  guri'y.  »■     [gdn'nie8z,  pi]     Coarse 

ing  of  jute  or  hemp.     [<B  runny-bagj 

gun  'wall-,  |  gun'sl  or  gun'wel:  2  gun'el  or  gun'wal,  n.  1.  The 
lengthwise  strip  covering  the  upper  end  of  the  framing- 
timbers  in  a  boat.  2.  In  ships,  the  uppermost  wale  or  plank- 
ing Immediately  below  the  bulwarks.  [<  gun  +  wale, 
plank. J    gun'nel:. 


1: a  =  final;    I  =  habltj^    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    lu  =  feud;    Cllin;    go;    rj  =  sing;    Chin,    this. 
365       2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


guimpe 
Haakon 


gurge  ,  1  gurj;  2  gurg,  n.  A  whirlpool;  hence,  a  confused 
motion;  whirl. 

gur"gi-ta'tlon,  1  gur"ji-te'stian;  2  gur"gi-ta'shon,  re.  The 
surging  movement  of  any  liquid  in  a  whirlpool  or  In  a  boil- 
ing state.    [  <  L.  gurgito,  flood,  <  gurges,  abyss.] 

gur'gle, )  1  gur'gl;  2  gftr'gl.     I.  vi.     [gur'gl(e)dp;  gur'- 

gur'glp,  )  gling.]  To  flow  with  a  bubbling,  noisy  cur- 
rent; make  a  murmuring  sound.  II.  re.  A  gurgling  flow 
or  sound,    gur'glingt. 

gur'goyle,  n.    Same  as  gargoyle. 

Gur'kha,  1  giir'ka;  2  gur'ka,  re.  One  of  a  famous  independent 
fighting  race  of  Hindu  descent  in  Nepal,  India. 

gur'nard,  1  gur'nard;  2  gur'nard,  n.  One  of  various 
marine  fishes,  with  mailed  cheeks,    gur'netf. 

gush,  1  gush;  2  gush.  I',  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  pour  forth  or 
flow  out  freely  and  copiously:  often  with  out,  forth,  etc. 
2.  To  make  an  extravagant  display  of  affection  or  senti- 
ment. II.  re.  1.  A  sudden  outpouring  of  fluid.  2.  An 
extravagant  display  of  sentiment.  [  <  Ice.  gusa,  gush.] 
— gush'er,  re.  1.  One  who  or  that  which  gushes.  2.  [U.  S.] 
A  free=flowing  oibwell. — gush'lng,  pa.  Flowing  freely; 
sentimental.    -Iy,  adv.   -ness,  n. — gush'y,  a. 

gus'set,  1  gus'et;  2  gus'et,  n.  1.  A  small  triangular  piece 
of  cloth  fitted  into  a  garment  to  fill  an  open  angle  or  to 
give  added  strength  or  more  room.  2.  In  metabwork- 
ing,  an  angle=iron  or  bracket  for  stiffening  an  angle  in 
construction.     [  <  F.  gousset,  armhole.] 

gust1,  1  gust;  2  gust,  n.  1.  A  violent  blast  of  wind.  2.  A 
sudden  outburst  of  feeling.  [  <  Ice.  gustr,  <  gjosa, 
gush.]     Syn.:  see  wind.—  gust'y,  a. 

gust2,  re.  1.  Taste;  relish;  gratification.  2.  Intellectual 
fancy.  [<  L.  gustus,  taste.] — gus'ta-to"ry,  a.  Per- 
taining to  the  sense  of  taste.    gus'ta-tiv(eBf. 

Gus-ta'vus,  1  gus-te'vus;  2  gus-ta'vus,  re.  One  of  various 
sovereigns  of  Sweden:  (I)  G.  I.,  Vasa  (1496-1560),  who  de- 
feated the  Danes  and  established  Lutheranism.  (2)  G.  II., 
Adolphus,  "the  Great"  (1594-1632),  prominent  in  Thirty 
Years'  War.    (3)  G.  V.  (1858-         ),  king  from  1907. 

gus'to,  1  gus'to;  2  gus'to,  re.  Keen  enjoyment;  relish. 
[It.,  Pg.,  and  Sp.,  <  L.  gustus,  taste.]     Syn.:  see  relish. 

gut,  1  gut;  2  gilt.  I.  vt.  [gut'ted"1;  gut'ting.]  To  take 
out  the  intestines  or  destroy  the  contents  of;  ravage;  de- 
spoil; plunder.  II.  re.  1.  The  alimentary  canal;  an  in- 
testine: not  in  best  usage.  2.  The  dried  entrails  of  an 
animal,  used  for  strings  for  musical  instruments,  etc.; 
catgut.  3.  A  contracted  strait  connecting  two  bodies 
of  water.    [  <  AS.  gut,  <  geotan,  pour.] 

Gu 'ten-berg,  1  gu'ten-berH;  2  gu'ten-berH,  Johann  (1397- 
1468).  A  German  printer;  reputed  inventor  of  movable 
type.  [homa;  pop.  12,000. 

Guth'rie,  1  gufh'n;  2  guth'ri,  n.     A  town  in  central  Okla- 

gut'ta1, 1  gut'a;  2  gut'a,  n.  [gut't.e,  1  -I;2-e,  pi.]  1.  Pharm. 
A  drop:  indicated  in  prescriptions  by  gt.,  plural  gtt.  2. 
Something  drop=shaped;  a  drop»like  ornament.     [L.] 

gut'ta2,  re.  1.  A  gum:  used  in  compounds.  2.  Gutta=percha, 
or  its  chief  constituent.  [<  Malay  gatah,  gum.] — gut'ta  = 
per'cha,  re.  A  brownish«red  horny  substance,  solid  at  ordi- 
nary temperatures,  but  softening  with  heat,  obtained  from 
an  evergreen  tree  of  the  Malay  archipelago. 

gut'ter,  1  gut'ar;  2  gfit'er.  I.  vt.  &  vi.To  form  a  channel 
in;  become  channeled.  II.  re.  1.  A  channel  along  the 
eaves  of  a  house  to  carry  off  rain=water.  2.  A  waterway 
for  surfacc=water  at  a  roadside.  3.  Any  slight  channel, 
trench,  or  trough.     [  <  L.F  gytta,  drop.] 

gut'tur-al,  1  gut'ur-al;  2  gut'Cir-al.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to 
the  throat;  formed  in  the  throat.  II.  n.  A  sound  pro- 
duced in  the  throat.  [<  L.  gutlur,  throat.] — gut'tur- 
al-ize,  vt.  &  vl.  To  speak  or  utter  gutturally.— gut'tur- 
al-ly,  adv.— gut'tur-al-ness,  re. 

guy1,  1  gai;  2  gl.  I.  vt.  To  steady  with  a  guy.  II.  n.  A 
stay»rope  or  the  like,  as  for  steadying  a  mast.  [<  OF. 
guyc,  guie,  guide.] 

guy2.  I.  vt.  To  ridicule;  quiz.  II.  re.  1.  [Eng.]  An 
effigy  of  Guy  Fawkes,  a  Leader  in  the  gunpowder  plot 
against  the  king  and  Parliament  (Nov.  5,  1005).  2. 
Hence,  a  person  of  grotesque  appearance. 


guz'zle, )  1  guz'l;  2  giiz'l,  vt.  &  vi.     [guz'zled,  guz'ldp; 

guz'lp,  )  guz'zling.]  To  drink  immoderately  or  fre- 
quently. [  <  OF.  *gouziller,  akin  to  gosier,  throat.] — 
guz'zler,  re. 

Gwa'H-or,  1  gwa'h-er;  2  gwa'li-6r,  re.  A  native  state  in  cen- 
tral India;  25,041  sq.  m.;  pop.  3,090,800. 

gybe,  vi.    Same  as  jibe,    glbet. 

Gy'ges,  1  gai'jiz;  2  gy'geg,  n.  1.  Myth.  One  of  the  giants; 
killed  by  Hercules.    2.   (716-678  B.  C.)  King  of  Lydla. 

gym-ka'na,  1  jim-ka'na;  2  gym-ka'na,  re.  [Anglo*Ind.]  A 
meeting  for  sports,  as  on  horseback;  the  meeting=place. 

gym 'malt,  a.  &  n.    Same  as  gemel. 

gyin-na'si-um,  1  jim-ne'zi-um;  2  gym-na'§i-um,  n. 
[-si-a,  pi.]  1.  A  place  for  gymnastic  exercises.  2.  A 
Latin  or  classical  school.  3.  A  place  where  the  Greek 
youths  exercised  themselves,  as  in  wrestling,  bathing, 
etc.  [<  G.  gymnasion,  <  gymnazb,  train  naked.]  Syn.:  see 
school. — gym'nast,  re.  One  expert  in  gymnastics;  an  ath- 
lete.— gym-nas'tic.  I.  a.  Relating  to  gymnastics,  gym- 
nas'tl-calt.  II.  re.  Disciplinary  exercise  of  body  or  mind; 
a  feat  of  bodily  skill:  generally  In  the  plural. 

gym 'no-sperm,  1  jim'no-spurm;  2  gym'no-sperm,  re.  Bot. 
A  plant  having  the  ovules  or  seeds  naked.  [<  Gr.  gymno- 
spermos,  with  seed  bare,  <  gymnos,  naked;  and  see  sperm1.] 
— gym"no-sper'mous,  a.  Bot.  Having  naked  seeds. 

gyn'e-,       )  1   jin'i-,    jj-nl'ko-;  2   gyn'e-.   gy-ne'eo-.     From 

gy-ne'eo-,  i  Greek  gync  (gen.  gynaikos),  woman,  female:  com- 
bining forms.— gyn"e-ce'um,  re.  [-ce'a,  pi.]  1.  The  part 
of  a  Greek  house  reserved  for  the  women,  usually  the  rear. 
2.  In  ancient  Rome,  the  emperor's  seraglio.  gyn"ae- 
ce'umt.—  gyn"e-col'o-gy,  n.  Med.  The  science  that  treats 
of  the  functions  and  diseases  of  women. — gy n"e-co-log 'i- 
cal,  a.— gyn"e-col'o-gist,  re. 

-gynous,  suffix.  Employed  in  combination  to  denote  female 
or  woman;  as  phttogynous;  or  in  botany  to  designate  the  loca- 
tion, number,  etc.,  of  the  pistils  when  regarded  as  the  female 
organs  of  plants,  as  ncrogynous.      [<  Gr.  gynl,  woman.] 

gyp,  1  Jip:  2  gyp,  re.  Cant.  A  college  servant  at  Cambridge 
University,  England.     [Prob.  an  abbr.  of  gipsy.] 

gyp  'sum,  1  jip'sum;  2  gyp'sum,  n.  Sulfate  of  lime  oc- 
curring in  massive,  fibrous,  foliated,  or  granular  form, 
also  in  crystalline  and  usually  transparent  form:  then 
called  selenite.  The  massive  finegrained,  white  or  deli- 
cately colored  variety  is  called  alabaster.  When  cal- 
cined, called  plaster  of  Paris.  [  <  Gr.I,+F  gypsos,  chalk.] 
— gyp'se-ous,  a. 

Gyp'sy,  re.    Same  as  Gipsy. 

gy'ral,  1  jcd'rel;  2  gy'ral,  a.  1.  Having  a  circular,  revolv- 
ing, or  whirling  motion.  2.  Anat.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
the  convolutions  of  the  brain. 

gy'rate,  1  jai'ret;  2  gy'rat,  vi.  [gy'rat-ed"1  ;  gy'rat-ing.] 
To  rotate  or  revolve,  especially  in  a  spiral  or  helix,  as  a 
cyclone.  [<  Gr.L  gyros,  circle.] — gy'rant,  a. — gy'ra- 
to-ry,  a.  Having  a  circular  or  whirling  motion,  gy'ralt. — 
gy-ra'tion,  n.    A  whirling  or  rotating,    gyrcj. 

gyr'fal"con,  re.    Same  as  gerfalcon. 

gy'ro-scope,  1  jai'ro-sk6p;  2  gy'ro-scop,  re.  A  heavy  rotating 
wheel,  the  axis  of  which  is  free  to  turn  in  any  direction,  and 
may  be  made  to  revolve  'in  a  horizontal  or 
other  plane,  as  if  Independent  of  gravitation. 
[<  Gr.  gyros,  round,  a  circle,  +  -scope.] — 
gyroscope  car,  a  car  which  is  kept  balanced 
on  a  single  rail  by  two  gyroscopes  driven  in 
opposite  directions. — gy"ro-scop'io,  a. 

gy'ro-stat,  1  jai'ro-stat;  2  gy'ro-stat,  n.  A 
modification  of  the  gyroscope,  used  to  illus- 
trate the  dynamics  of  rotating  rigid  bodies.  Gyroscope 
[<  Gr."  gyros,  round,  a  circle, +  statikos,  caus- 
ing to  stand,  <  histemi  (V  sla),  stand.]  —  gy"ro-stat'lc,  a. 
Pertaining  to  the  gyrostat  or  to  the  law  that  a  rapidly  rotat- 
ing body  tends  to  keep  in  the  same  plane.— gy"ro-s(a( 'I- 
cal-ly,  adv.— gy"ro-stat'ics,  re.  The  laws  governing  the  ro- 
tation of  solid  bodies. 

gy'rus,  1  Jal'rus;  2  gy'rus,  n.  [gy'ri,  1  -rol;  2  -n,  pi.]  Anal. 
One  of  the  convolutions  of  the  cortex  of  the  brain.    [L.] 

gyve,  1  jaiv;  2  gyv.  I.  vt.  To  bind  with  fetters;  shackle. 
II.  re.  A  fetter  for  the  limbs  of  prisoners:  commonly  in 
Vl-    [Of  Celt,  origin.)    Syn.:  see  fetter. 


H 


H  h    Roman. 


SM 


Black 

l,cl  in . 


StfA Script- 


H,  h,  1  Bdh:  2  ach,  re.     [aitches,  II'h  or  //s,  1  Bdh'ez;  2 

echV'.s,  pl.\     The  eighth  letter  in   lb"   ICnglish  alphabet, 
II.,   abbr.      Hydrogen.  —  h.,   abbT      Harbor,   hard,   hardness, 
height,  high,  hour,  hundred,  husband. 


ha,  1  h5;  2  hit,  inter j.  1.  An  exclamation  or  sound  mado 
by  a  quick  expulsion  of  breath,  its  in  surprize,  joy,  grief, 
laughter,  etc.  2.  A  sound  ititln-.-i  1  i  mi-'  IhniI.-iI  ion,  inde- 
cision, etc.    [Natural;  found  in  AS.,  L.,  G.,  etc.] 

ha.,  abbr.    Hectare. 

ha.ik,  1  hek;  2  hak,  n.    A  fish;  same  as  hark. 

Haa'knn  VII.,  1  hS'kon;  2  ha'kon.  Christian  Frederick 
(1872-        ).    King  of  Norway  from  1905. 


II  tar  I  em 


a  It,  police:  o    v.  go;  not,  or;  fu"     B        "    bftrn; 

,     ,  ..I  i         ..>■•■..,  ui'.m,     ;w,Ct 


ll 


hab  ■ 


kmat  : 

to  Ukr  doing  i 


f»V    ..-.-"      *      '*.* 


h  il> 
h  ih 


ii- 


■  l.l 


.hi  '  . 


I 
ll  .    .  ,11    .  II  .    i'  i    n.    i 


h.iliVr- 
lunull 

ihorter 

II.  1-Ml'i-Ilielit, 

garb 

. 

i  To  furnish  with  suitable 

II.  qualified       I  <    LL. 

ii.i-iiiri-i.ici..ii. 

I  .  .      ■  irniah  with  a 

II.  I.  A  tcndi  ncy  toward  an 

become 

1 ;  habitual  course 

;.  tii in,  appear- 

1 .  go  >logy.  ana  min- 

w  th  or  physical  oc- 

itume; 

■riding.     [F., 


i  sttae,  routine,  rule, 
or  Inclination 
tltlon  baa  be- 

■  Ion  or 

iniform 

■  ■  usually,  at 

i.ir  and  uniform  se- 
■  m.    ii  la  the 
ir.  and  tu  follow  n 

■  be  acl  Ion  or 
-.  Indl- 
In  the 

rllii-d 

or  by  one's  own  will 

my  Invariable  ruli 

■  a  unl- 

anlmal 
'  iom- 

■  to  be 

ii.iirn-.i-iii  e-neaa*,  n. 

n.   Inhabitancc: 
mall   rural 

■ 

region  where  u 

I. 
habiting. 


I  i-t).  ■ 


■ 

-'■•  •-'    :ri'<l.  common,  niston  ir   ,  familiar,  general, 

stated.   UN 

'  miit.  -Ant.: 
aslonal, 
rare,  uinwu  ;  uh. 

—  lu-Miu-il-l),    if.  -ba-blt'u-al-uess,    n. 


Of 


ii.i-i>n  u-ii..  u-(oi    bit'yu-lflt;  2  ha-bloh'u-|o 

...  I    [o  make  familial  b; 
I    in     | «    I   ' '  habitut,  n  mii  i ,  ii  | 
ba-bll  •!--•<  ra,  ii.i-iiii"u-.i  Mini,  n 

h  id  i-iii.i,-.   l   h  ib  i  tiod  id,  ii      I.  Habitual 

'.'.iu  itomai  \  relation  oi 
i  i     taM/iuto,  condition.]      s.vn    see  habit. 

ii  ,-i.ii   U-.   .  i  he  blclt'u-e';  8  ha-bloh*u  ■'    n      A  habitual 
i  ,.r  frequenter,  a.s  <•<  a  pi  ncnl     [F  I 

n  ,i.i.  i  ho"  -i  en'da    :.'  hi'  pi  en'da,  n      \  landi  i  o  ■ 
on  whloh  the  ownor  resldoa     ]S|i    \m  ,] 
h,.  i,  .  i.i.  ..ii  ii  regulai  Ij  or  a1 

■ii  .  chop;  mangle;  notch     8,  To  emil  a  short,  drj 

•  i. 'in  i    s.vn.:  i  i      back'er,  n 

hi,  I,    .        I.i      ro  let  out  for  hire,  as  a  horse     II.  >     1. 
exposed  or  offered  to  oommon  use  for  hire     '.'    1 1 1 
w,,rk  :i^  .i  Literary  drudge,    3.  To  drive  in  a  hack;  ride 
h  id 
hack1,        I.  \  .■ '  h  made  by  or  as  by  a  sharp  instrumenl 
'.'.    v.    u  or  othei  tool  for  hacking.    3.  A  k i,-k  on  the 
shins,  as  in  football.    4.  [CoUoq.]    V  short,  dry  cough 
hack'  saw*,         \  Bio  e»toothed  metatauttlng  fr:r 
n itti  moderal 
link.        I.  I  horse  kept  for  hire,    'i.  [TJ  8.]    i.  hackney 
:i.    \  drudge,      [<   //urAnev  )  —  bark  'mini,  n, 
<lri\ er  of  :i  hack  or  publii 
hack  ,  r».    \  grated  frame,    I      hati  h*,  pi.] 
haek'a-more,  l  bak's-mOi  •  • .  n.  [Western  rj,  B.] 

\  halter  of  rawhide  or  horsehair  adapted  for  use  u  the 
bead«plece  of  ;i  bridle. 
hack'ber"ry,  1  hak'ber*i;2  hak'b6r"y,  n.     \n  American  tree 

ibllng  the  elm  and  having  small,  sweet,  edible  fruit. 
ii. irk 'inii,  l  hak'bvt;  2  n&k'but,  "     a  harquebus,    [•    OF 
haeoutbut,  ■    ii  haakbus,  •:  hook, hook,  |  &u>, gun.]    bag'a 
hut'.     ha<-k"foul-eer't,  n. 
haek'ee,  1  bak'i;  2  bak'e,  n.    The  chipmunk;  also,  the  red 
squirrel,    [Onomatopoetic.j    hack'):. 

h.ick'er-y,  1  luik'.,r-i;  2  hak'er-y.  n.    [-IBS1,  pi.]     All  Kast-in- 

dlan  cart  wiih  rude  and  primitive  wooden  wheels.  [Anglo* 
link.  <  Hind,  chhakra.] 

hackle, )  1  hak'I;  2  hak'l.    l.vt.    [hack'lbd;  hack/ling.]    1. 

ii.ick'i  .  •  i miii  flax  or  hemp;  batehel,    'i.  To  tear  Into 

pieces.  II.  n.  1.  a  batehel,  'i.  Unspun  fiber,  as  raw  silk. 
:i.  a  feather  used  by  anglero  In  making  artificial  flies,  [Form 
of  iii.ki.k]  [The  American  larch;  tamarack 

hack 'ma-tack,  1  hatr/ma  t&k,  n.  [Am.  tad.] 

h&ck'ney,  1  hak'm;  2  hak'ny.  I.  it.  1.  To  exhausl  by 
continual  use;  make  stale  by  repetition.  '!.  To  drive  or 
convey  in  a  haokneycoach.  II.  a.  Let  out  for  hire; 
common,  III.  n.  1.  One  of  a  breed  of  driving"  and 
saddlchorses,  '£.  A  horse  kept  fur  hire.  3.  A  hackney* 
coach.    ( ■■    l  in  ambling-horse.]     hack'ney 

iinat",  ii.  a  boat  used  as  a  public  conveyance;  packet»boat. 
h.  coach,  a.  A  coach  plying  for  hire,  hack'neyed,  pa. 
stale;  threadbare.    Syn.:  see  tkitk. — back'ney-lsm,  n. 

hac'que-ton,  1  hak'i-ten;  2  bae'e-ton,  n.    a  stuffed  Jacket 

formerly  worn  under  the  armor,  sometimee  made  of  leather, 

i    hoqueton,<  Ar.  aJ,  the,  +  quiun,  cotton  I 

hail.  1   had;  2  had.  imp.  of  HAVE,  r. 

had 'dock,  1  had'ek;  2  had'ok,  r».  A  food»fish  «,f  the 
North  Atlantic,  allied  to  the  cod  and  with  a  black  lateral 
line  and  blackish  Bhoulder*apot.    See  pish. 

Ha'des,  1  hfi'dlz; 2  b&'dSQ,  n.  1.  Tin-  eonditiun  and  abode 
of  the  dead;  Slu-ol;  sotnetimes,  lull.  'i.  (,'r.  Mi/th.  (1) 
Tie-  lord  of  the  underworld;  Pluto        -     Ih"  underworld 

n  -.  If.    |  <  ( Jr.  Haidls,  <  «-  priv.  +  "'■ '".  Bee.] 
hadj,  l  haj;  2  had],  n.    The  pilgrimage  to  Mekka.  required  of 

every  free  Mohammedan,  at  least  once  In  ,s  life.  [Ar.| 
hajt;  h.ijj    .      Iiad'ji.  n.     A   Mohammedan  who  has  made 

the  pilgrimage  to  Mekka:  used  also  before  a  name  as  a  title, 

lla'ilrl-an,  ]    he'dri-;m;  2  n&'drl-an,  n.     Iladrlamis  I'ub- 

II  us    Kilns,  Roman  emperor 'I  17-l.iSi.       Hadrian's  Wall, 

a  wall  built  in  Britain  by  Hadrian,  122,  to  protect  B.  Brit- 
ain from  Hie  Plcta  and    Boots.     lla"drl-an-op'o-ll!s,  n. 
(L.)     Adrlanoplc. 
bae,  1  he;  2  ha,  it.  [Sent  ]    Have. 

Baeck'el,  l  hek'el;  2  hek'el,  Ernst  Helnrlcfa  (1834-  ).  a 
German  biologist;  Valural  History  oi  t  i 

h.e'inal,  lia-'ma-tlte,  etc       3ame  B     HEMAL,  HKMATITK.  etc. 

haet,  1  bet;  2  bflt,  n    [Scot.l  A  little  bit;  iota;  whit.    [=  a 

whit.]    baldt;  halt:. 
Ila'flz,  1  hfl'nz;  2  hii'flz.  n.    See  Shams  ED»DlN  Mohammed. 
haft,  1  haft;  2  haft.    I",  vt.    1.  To  supply  with  a  baft  or 

handle.    ■>.  To  thru-t  m  t<,  the  haft,  as  a  dagger.    8. 

firmly;  fix:  plant.     II.  «.    A  handle; 

incally,  the  handle  ,,f  a  cutting  weapon  or  tool;  a 

hilt.     [<  AS.  to/t,  handle.]  [torment. 

hag,  1  has;  2  h&H.  "     [HAOOBD;  HAO'oino.1    To  harass;  vex; 
hag1,  n.    1.  A  forbidding  or  malicious  old  woman;  an  ugly 

crone.      2.   A   small    vertebrate    parasitic   on    fishes. 

[Contr.  of  AS.  fuegtes,  a  fury.]— hag'glsh,   o.       Like   a 


1:8  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  fe«d;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  smff;   Chin,  this.     Haarlem 
367      2:  wolf,  dft;  book,   boot;  full,  ryle,  cure,   but,   burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thm,   this.  half 


hag. — hag'»rid"den,  a.  Ridden  byahagorwltch;  distressed 
by  nightmare  or  by  hallucinations. 

toag2,n.  [Prov.  Eng.  &  Scot.]  1.  Astrokewithachopping-tool; 
hack.  2.  A  notch;  cut.  3.  (1)  One  man's  section  of  wood 
for  felling.  (2)  An  enclosed  piece  of  woodland.  4.  Broken 
or  mossy  ground  in  a  bog.  5.  Cut  branches;  brushwood. 
[Var.  of  hack1,  s.]    hagg}. 

Hag.,  abbr.    Haggai.  [of  Ishmael.    Gen.  xvl,  1. 

Ha 'gar,  1  he'gar;  2  ha'gar,  n.    Abraham's  concubine,  mother 

hag'den,  1  hag'den;  2  hag'den,  n.  A  netrel-like  sea-bird. 
Iiag'delt;  hag'dont;  baglett;  hag'llnt.         [his  book. 

Hag'ga-1, 1  hag'i-al;  2  h&g'a-I,  n.    A  minor  Hebrew  prophet  or 

hag'gard1, 1  hag'ard;2hag'ard,  a.  Worn  and  gaunt  in  ap- 
pearance. [Corr.  of  hagged,  <  hag,  n.]  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. 

hag'gard2,  a.  Wild  or  Intractable,  as  a  wild-caught  hawk; 
also,  wanton.    [<  OF.  hagard,  <  G.  hag,  hedge.J 

hag'gard,  n.  1.  A  hawk;  In  falconry,  a  wild  hawk  caught  in 
Its  adult  plumage.  2.  Hence,  an  untamed  fierce  creature. 
3t-  A  hag;  wanton,    hag'gartf. 

hag'gls,  1  hag'is;  2  hag'is,  n.  [Scot.]  A  dish  commonly  made 
of  a  sheep's  heart  and  liver  with  onions  and  suet,  mixed  with 
oatmeal  and  boiled  in  a  sheep's  stomach.  [<  OF.  hachls, 
hash.]    hag'gesst;  hag'giest. 

hag'gle, )  1  hag'l;  2  hag'l,  v.     [hag'gl(e)dp;  hag'gling.] 

Iiair'11',  (  I.  t.  To  cut  unskilfully;  hack;  mangle.  II.  i. 
To  chaffer;  cavil.     [Freq.  of  hack,  v.] — hag'gler,  n. 

hag'gle,  n.    The  act  of  haggling  or  higgling. 

ha'gl-ar"chy,  1  he'ji-[or  haj'i-]ar"ki;  2  ha'gi-[or  hag'i-]ar"cy, 
n.  [-CHIES2,  pi.]  A  government,  or  the  principle  of  govern- 
ment, by  priests;  sacerdotal  government.  [<  Gr.  hagios, 
sacred,  +  archo,  rule.]    ha"gl-oc'ra-cyJ. 

ha'gi-O-,  1  he'ji-o-;  2  ha'gi-o-.  From  Greek  hagios,  sacred: 
a  combining  form. — Ha"gi-og'ra-pha,  n.  pi.  The 
third  of  the  three  ancient  divisions  of  the  Old  Testament, 
comprising  all  books  not  reckoned  In  the  Law  or  the  Proph- 
ets. [+  Gr.  grapho,  write.] — ha"gl-og'ra-phal,  a.— ha"gl- 
og'ra-pher,  n.  A  writer  of  sacred  works  or  of  lives  of 
saints. — ha"gl-og'ra-phy,  n.  Sacred  writings;  also,  a  col- 
lection of  biographies  of  saints. — ha"gi-ol'o-gy,  n.  1.  A 
list  of  saints.    2.  A  treatise  on  sacred  writings. 

Hague,  1  heg; 2  hag,  The.  Capital  city  (pop.  288,000)  of  the 
Netherlands.— Hague  Tribunal,  a  Permanent  Court  of 
Arbitration  for  international  disputes;  founded  1899. 

ha'slia",  1  ha'-hd";  2  ha'»ha",  n.  A  hedge,  fence,  or  wall  set 
in  a  ditch,  so  as  not  to  obstruct  the  view.  [<  AS.  haga, 
yard.] 

Uah'ne-mann,  1  ha'na-man;  2  ha'ne-miin,  Samuel  C.  F. 
(1755-1843).     A  German  physician;  founded  homeopathy. 

Hai"da-ra-bad',  1  haPda-ra-bud';  2  hi'da-ra-biid',  n.  A  na- 
tive state  (82,698  sq.  m.;  pop.  13,375,000)  in  India;  also,  its 
capital  (pop.  501,000).    Hy"der-a-bad't. 

Halg,  1  heg;  2  hag.  Sir  Douglas  (1861-  ),  Scottish  sol- 
dier; commander-in-chief  of  British  forces  in  France  and 
Flanders,  1915- 

halk',  1  hek;  2  hak,  v.  [Scot.]  To  gad  about.— balk1,  n.  A 
tramp. 

ha'lk=,  1  ha'Ik;  2  hii'Ik,  n.  An  Oriental  outside  garment  made 
of  a  striped  oblong  woolen  cloth.    [Ar]    ha'lckt;  hykel. 

hal"kwan',  1  haPkwun':  2  hPkwan',  ».  [Chin.]  The  marine 
customs  of  China.— halkwan  tael,  see  tael. 

hail1, 1  hel;  2  hal.    l.vt.&vi.    To  pour  out  like  hail;  pour 
down  hail.     II.  n.     1.  Frozen  rain  or  congealed  vapor, 
falling  in  pellets.   2.  Figuratively,  anything  falling  thick- 
ly and  with  violence.    [<  AS.  hxgel.] 
—hall 'stone",  n.     A  pellet  of  hail. 

hall2.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  give  greeting  to;  salute;  call 
loudly  to;  give  a  loud  call  or  greeting.  2.  To  report  one- 
self as  coming  from  a  certain  place,  always  with  from; 
as,  he  hails  from  Chicago:  origi- 
nally used  of  ships.  II.  n.  A  call 
to  attract  attention;  greeting. 
III.  interj.  An  exclamation  of 
greeting.  [A  use  of  hale,  a.] 
Syn.:  see  address.—  haH'er,  n. — 
hall'*fel"low,  n.  A  close  com- 
panion.—  hall'y,  a. 

Hal"naut',   1  ("•"no';  2  fi'no',  n.    An 

ancient    countahlp    in   France  and    Growth 
Belgium.    Uai"nault'i.  0f  Hair 

hair,  1  har;  2  hftr,  n.  l.Oneofthe  H.„t]„, 
filaments  that  grow  from  the  skin  through  thi 
or  outer  covering  of  a  mammal.  ■kln>  "l"'"' 
2.  Any  mass  of  such  filaments,  "*„**'  '" 
especially  that  which  grows  upon  ih*ft;( 
the  head.  3.  Any  filamentous  '  ■  '  •'  "■''  " 
process.  4.  Hot.  An  outgrowth  of  " 
the  epidermis.  5.  Haircloth.  6. 
Figuratively,  an  exceedingly  minute,  slight,  or  delicate 
thing,  space,  etc.  7t-  Specific  nature,  character,  or  dis- 
position. (  <  AS. h&r, hair.] — hair'breadth", n.  A  hair's 
breadth;  an  extremely  small  space  or  distance:  used  adjec- 
tivally.— halr'cloth",  n.    A  fabric  having  a  warp  of  clthor 


Halber- 
dier. 


cotton  or  linen  yarn  with  a  horsehair  filling. — halr'sdress"- 
er,  n.  A  barber. — h.^dresslng,  n. — halr'Iess,  a.  Desti- 
tute of  hair. — halr'llp",  n.  Same  as  harelip. — halr'pln", 
n.  A  pin  made  of  wire,  bone,  etc.,  for  supporting  the  hair 
or  head-dress. —  h.  splitting,  n.  Insistence  upon  minute 
or  trivial  distinctions.  Syn.:  see  sophistry. — h.ssplitter, 
n.— h. 'splitting,  a.— h. spring,  n.  A  fine  spring  of  the 
balance-wheel,  as  of  a  watch. — li.  trigger,  n.  A  secondary 
trigger  that  instantaneously  releases  the  main  trigger  of  a 
firearm. — hair'worm",  n.  A  worm  inhabiting  running  wa- 
ter: supposed  by  the  ignorant  to  be  a  metamorphosed  horse- 
hair.— hair'y,  a.  Covered  with,  made  of,  or  like  hair. — 
halr'1-ness,  n. 

Hal'ti,  1  he'ti;  2  ha'tl,  n.  1.  An  island  (29,000  sq.  m.;  pop 
2,640,000)  of  the  West  Indies.  2.  A  republic  (10,204  sq.  m.; 
pop.  2,030,000)  in  the  W.  part  of  the  island.  Hay'tlJ.— 
Hal'ti-an,  a.  &  n.    Hay  'ti-an ; . 

ha'je,  1  ha'ji;  2  ha'je,  n.    The  African  cobra  or  asp.    [Ar.] 

hake,  1  hek ;  2  hak,  n.  A  cod-like  f  ood=fish.  [  <  AS.  hacod,  pipe.] 

ha-kim',  1  ha-klm';  2  ha-kim',  n.  In  the  Orient,  a  gover- 
nor; also,  a  sage  or  physician.  [Ar.]  ha-keem't;  ha-kem't. 

Hak'luyt,  1  hak'lut;  2  hak'lut,  Richard  (1553-1616).  An 
English  historian  and  geographer;  Discoveries. 

hal'berd,  1  hal'bard  or  hel'bard;  2  hal'berd  or  hal'berd,  n. 
A  weapon  in  the  form  of  a  battle-ax  and  pike  at  the  end 
of  a  long  staff.  [  <  MHG.OF  helmbarte,  < 
helm,  handle,  +  bane,  broadax.]  hal 'bard  t; 
hal'bert;.  —  hal"ber-dier',  n.  A  soldier 
armed  with  a  halberd. 

hal'cy-on,  1  hal'si-an;  2  hal'cy-on.  I.  a.  1. 
Pertaining  to  the  halcyon.  2.  Calm;  peace- 
ful. II.  n.  A  kingfisher.  [L.,  <  Gr. 
alkyon,  kingfisher.] 

Hal'dane,  1  hal'den;  2  hal'dan,  Richard  Bur- 
don  (1856-  ),  Viscount,  a  British  states- 
man; Lord  High  Chancellor  1912-1915). 

hale,  1  hel;  2  hal,  vt.  [haled;  hal'ing.]  To 
drag  by  force;  haul;  lug.   [  <AS.  holian,  get.] 

hale,  a.  Of  sound,  vigorous  health;  robust. 
[  <  Ice  heill,  sound.]     Syn.:  see  healthy. 

Hale,  n.  1.  Edward  Everett  (1822-1909),  an 
American  clergyman;  philanthropist  and  au- 
thor; Man  Without  a  Country.  2.  Sir  Mat- 
thew (1609-1676),  an  English  judge  and  his- 
torian. 3.  Nathan  (1755-1776),  an  American 
patriot;  executed  as  a  spy  by  the  British. 

half,  1  haf;  2  haf.  I.  o.  1.  Having  half  of  a  standard 
value.  2.  Partial.  II.  n.  [halves2,  pi.]  One  of  two 
equal  parts  into  which  a  thing  is  or  may  be  divided,  or  a 
quantity  equal  to  such  a  part.  III.  adv.  To  the  degree 
or  extent  of  a  half;  partially.  [<  AS.  healf,  half.] — 
half 'sand  =half',  n.  A  mixture  of  two  liquors,  usually  ale 
and  porter.— b.sblndlng,  n.  A  style  of  bookbinding  in 
which  only  the  back  and  corners  of  the  volume  are  covered 
with  leather.— h.sbound,  a.  Bound  with  a  leather  back 
and  paper  or  muslin  sides:  said  of  a  book. — h.sbred.  a. 
Not  thoroughbred;  having  only  one  parent  of  a  certain 
blood;  hence,  ill=mannered;  rude.  —  h.sbreed.  I. a.  Half  of 
one  blood  and  half  of  another,  h.  blooded  | .  II.  n.  One 
having  parents  of  different  blood,  h.cbloodt.—h. 'broth- 
er, n.  A  brother  related  through  only  one  parent. — h.» 
caste.  I.  a.  Of  mixed  European  and  other  blood.  II.  n. 
One  born  of  mixed  European  and  Asiatic  blood;  :ilso,  any 
half-breed. — h.=cock,  n.  The  position  of  the  hammer  of  a 
firearm  when  partly  raised,  but  not  releasable  by  the  trigger, 
h.scock,  vt.  —  h.scrown,  n:  1.  An  English  silver  coin  of  the 
valuenf  2s.  6d.  or  about  60  cents.  2.  Naut.  A  method  of  pass- 
ing a  rope  around  a  spar. — h.'hearted,  a.  Wanting  In  affec- 
tum, Interest,  or  sincerity.  Syn.:  see  faint;  ihuisolute. — 
h.»heartedly,rtrft'.  — h.=hcartedness,  ». — h. 'leather,  n.  A 
style  of  bookbinding  in  which  the  volume  has  a  leather  back 
and  muslin  sides.  — half'llng.  I.  a,  [Scot]  Being  half- 
grown  or  not  full-grown.  II.  n.  1.  A  halfpenny,  't.  A 
stripling.  3.  A  half-witted  person.  hafT'lliii;  liaf'llni; 
ball  llii  -.hairing,  [Scot]   By  half;  In  part,     liaf- 

linsi;  half'lliigst;  half'lliisl.  h.'inast.n.  The  position 
of  a  Hag  when  hoisted  half-way  tip  the  stuff,  as  a  tribute  of 
respect  to  the  dead  or  as  a  signal  of  distress.  h.'Stafft. — 
h. 'measure,  »,    An  imperfect  or  inadequate  measure  or 

plan.— b. =1110011,  n.  The  moon  when  hall  its  disk  Is  11 1 1 1 11 1 1- 
nated,  or  something  similar  In  shape  to  this.  h.  note 
(Mtis.),  a  minim.  —  h.  pay,  literally,  naif  of  full  pay;  most 
commonly,  the  reduced  pay  of  an  officer  nol  Id  regular  ser- 
vice or  on  the  retired  list,  generally  more  than  half:  used 

also  attributively;  as,  a  half' pay  soldier,      half 'pen"nj  ,  1 

hS'pen'i;  2  ha'pen'y,  n.    [half'pbnce"  or  half'pbn'nies1, 

pi.]     A  British  coin  of  the  value  of  ball  a  penny,  or  of  one 

cent  in  United  stales  money      h.'plke,  n.     A  spearing- 

weapon  having  a  staff  about  hall  as  long  as  that  of  the  pike. 

— h.'slster,  n.  A  sister  by  one  parent,  h.  slep  it/M-.i,  a 
semitone.— a, 'sword,  n.  Hall  the  length  of  a  Hword. — 
h.'tlnt,  n.  Art.  A  tint  or  tone  of  color  Intermediate  be- 
tween two  strong  tones  of  different  values.  — h. 'tone.    I.  a 


I,  Jill 


,  .         i         i  rt^  foil,  rftb;  but,  bOrnj 

■        ,11         i won,        :»<►* 


ii 


i,ii-i. 


hoi  i-iuii 

lilrlhplaco  ■  ■( 

i  halo- 

ii. 

1  a  holj 

\  holy  1 

■  i  imi  - .  ii.il  Vdoraet. 

i    i  irl  -i 
mc  minister       : 

■  aporl  capl- 

■  .     .»    trolls 

■ 
I .  .••    building  ,>r  room;  the 

■.".    |  .in  ..r 

:{.  \  depart- 
4.  Specifically,  in 
\  trade-building. 
Ucge  diningroom. 

II.  i,r.  \:i  En- 

■j  of  England. 

I.  A  wall  >ir  partition  In 

'r.iin  tiii'  cold  air  when  the 

ittage     hal'lcii:. 

\    .    .rwiy  town  in  central  8. 

2  bll'e-lu'ya,  n.  &  interj. 
|  halle-la'Jah;. 

Edmund  (1656- 

•■:>  r. 

\  good«for*nothlng  fellow; 

li.il  'Han: ;  hel'Hon:. 
I 
iir.    or  othei 

ndlcati   their 
:  or  e  ccellence. 

;■  ■  Vn  ex,    anal  i<  >n  used  in 

i  b  and 

hll  lOH  '    :  In  l-lu':         lial-loo'.     I. 

:  mdlj 

111.   •..•■        Hallo     bal-low't; 

holy  or  relig- 

i    enlng  ol 


Mil   I 


Ii  il-lu    I  .-n  i    I  I. ,li 
I  • 


bal^-.        I 


il'o-maa,  n.    The  feast  of  All 
Hal  'luM-ma«:. 

2   ha-lu"ci-na'- 

:,  without  any  corre- 

.  notion;  a  delu- 

Uueinor,  wander  in 

•.;  IV 

n nil  13  to  in 

I  r  form, 

II.  I 

,11    of    light     | 

'.'.  A  nim- 

I  which  imag 

entiment.    |  <  Or.1, 

,,f  certain  ele- 

,  combine  with 

form  a  -  •  ie  compounds. 

ha-lot  'e-nous,  a. 

I.  .--wilt.    II. 

ltd  salt 

\  rui-  A  Dutch  p 

ibrace.    2.  To  raise. 


i,  .ii  .  I         i         I. To  walk  with  a  limp 

i  inipi  1 1.  ■  i     8,  To  I,,-  in  doubl .  he  i 

II  I  imping  in  salt;  lamo     111.  n,    The  act 

\      hi  ih.  lame  | 

bill  .    i  .      a  i  ■■   top;  I, imi'  ■■!  come  to  n  hall     II. 

.ii. .ii  ,.i  progn    .  in  anj 

■    marching  troops      |'  >l    .    •      Mil'. 

.1,        •  •     I  IS,. I  II.    Ill  81  .       I   u   !• 

hii  i,i.  I  hal'tfli      I.  i 

II.         I.   \    trap  or  rope,  espi  ciallj 

...  ii,  .i  h,. i,l. i  ill  at  one  ,ii,l.  by  which  to  hold  a 
or  other  animal.    8.  A  hangman's  ropo.    |  •     \- 

CI)     111  I  \  I    i 

halve,)  ]  bov;  2  hav,  et,  [halv(e)d*;  halv'inq.]    I.  To 

ii  1 1  \   , j  dividi  into  two  equal  or  nearly  equal  part   ;henoo, 

■.■.  i   ib  orfoi  m  ball  ol     •'!•  To  join  bj  notch- 

!  II  U.K.] 

halves,  1  \\a\  Plural  of  hau 

h.il  \ . i r c I .  i   lial'yard;  2  1  '■  aul      \  1 1  ipe  for 

il.  :,  \   ii,l.  or  a  Hug.     I  <   II  m.i  I,  P.,  +  1  Mm, 
spur  1    hal'lardt;  halliard!. 
ii.iiii  ,  1  ha      2  ham,  i      I.  I  bi  I  high  of  an  animal,  as  a 
i  for  food     2.  pi     [Colloq.]     II,.  bul  took 
:  i  region  behind  the  knee* joint.    [  < 

mm,  bam  I 

II  ii,,  ,1  son  ot  Noah.   <;,  n    \       llam'Hi'.  n       \ 

descendant  or  supposed  descendant  of  Ham      lla-mli  'lc,  a. 
Hi' iii.i-ii.ui '.  i  i„i  inn  ii, in'.  2  ha'ma-dan'.n,    Persian  city; 

occupied  Jby  Russians  Dec.  17,  1816      Bee  Ecbatana. 
bam'a-«irj"ad,  l  bom'a-dral'ad;  2  bam'a-dry*ad, n,    [-Ansa, 
1  -e-dlz:  2  -:i-iU"'s.  i'i]    Or.  \fyth,    A  wood«nymph 

fabled  to  Uve  and  die  with  the  tree  she  Inhabited,    i      Or." 
\ryat,  ■    hama,  together,  |   drys,  tree.] 
Hainan,   i   bB'man;  2  ha'man,  n      The  chief  minister  of 

Ahasuerus,  whose  plot  agoinsl  tin-  Jews  recoiled  upon  blm- 

aelf     Esth.  Ul-vll. 
Bam 'burg,  1  ham'bfrrg:  2  h&m'burg,  ".     \  I  lerman  free  olty 

and  coi erclal  port  (pop  953,000  .  on  the  Elbe  river, 

liame  ,  1  hi'iii;  2  ham,  r».  I'm'  of  two  curved  bars  fitted 
collar,  thai  hold  the  braces  ol  a  draft  •harness.  [  < 

AS.  hama,  cover.] 
halm-  ,  «.    [Scot.]    Home. — hame'Iy, a     Homely. 
Ha- mil 'car,   1   ha-mll'kar;  2   ba-mll'ear,   Barra    (       -229 

B.i         \  I  lorthaginlan  general;  father  ol  Hannibal. 
Ilaiu'll-tiiii,  l  ham'il-tan; 2  ham'H-ton.  1.  Alexander  (1757- 

[804  .  :m  American  statesman;  lolnt  author  of  Tlu  Federal- 
Hied  in  ,i  duel  by  Varon  Burr.    i.  Sir  William  (1788 
a  Scottish  philosopher.    3.  A  city  In  s.  <  intarlo,  <  !an- 

ada;  pop  B2.000.    4.  A  town,  capital  ol  the  Bermudas;  pop. 

2,600 
hamlet1,  1  hamlet;  2  ham'ISt,  n.     A  little  village;  a 

cluster  of  houses  in  the  country;  in  England,  a  village 

without  a  church.    [OF.,  dim.  of  hamel,  village] 
Ham 'let-,  ft.     in  Shakespeare's  play  of  this  name,  the  hero, 

prince  ,,r    Denmark,  who,  at  the  bidding  ol  his  father's 
leeks  to  avenge  his  death.    Compare  Ophelia. 
bam 'hut,  1  bam'ar;  2  ham'Sr,  v.    1.1.    To  strike  or  shape 

with  or  as  with  a  hammer;  pound;  drive;  forge;  work  out 

laboriously.     II.  i.     1.  To  strik,'  repeated  blows;  work 

hard  oi  con  tantly;  commonly  with  at;  also,  with  on  or 
l.  i  o  make  a  noise,  as  of  blows,  in  a  pipe,  as  water, 
ham'mer,  n.  1,  A  handfimplement  for  driving  nails, 
og,  pounding,  etc.  2.  A  rna- 
cbine,  as  a  steam-hammer  or  trirj* 
hammer,  performing  functions  simi- 
lar to  those  of  a  heavy  hand'ham- 
ini-r.  3,  A  part  ,,r  piece  of  any 
apparatus  performing  functions 
similar  to  those  oi  a  hammer.  4. 
Athletic*  A  metal  ball  with  a 
loon  handle:  used  for  throwing. 
|<  AS.  homer,  hammer.] — ham'-  ] 
mer:bard"en,  >t.  To  harden  (met- 
als) by  beating  with  a  hammer,  hani'mer-head",  n.  1. 
\  mark  having  a  hammer»Bhaped  bead.  't.  The  hog  mcl  ei 

:t.     \i,    African  fruit-l.at       bam'mer-smilb,  ft.     One  who 

works  metal  with  a  hammer. 
Ilam'mer-fesj,  i  hdm'ar-fest;  2  ham'Sr-lBst,  n     A  town  in 

Norvi  i  hern  town  in  Europe;  pop.  2,:iii{i. 

ham 'mock,  1  ham'ak;  2  ham'ok,  ".    1.  A  couch  of  can- 
ttang,  swung  by  tin-  ends.    'i.  [Southern  U.  .S.] 

A  big]  ol  land.    [<  Sp.  hamaca,  of  W.« 

in, I  origin.] 

II  no  "iiiii-ra'hl,  1  hn'rnu-rfi'til;  2  h:i"mu-r;i'bl,  n.  A  kirn;  ol 
Babylonia    22401  2186  B.  C.) ;  lawgiver. 

ii.iiup'cleii,  l  bam'den;2  h&m'den,  John  (15947-1643).  An 
,  patriot .  refused  to  pay  8blp*money. 

ham 'per  .  1  bam'par;  2  ham'pSr.  I.  vt.  To  put  a  ham- 
per on;  binder.     II.  n.    1.  Cumbrous  necessaries,  as  rig- 


Hammers. 
1    Claw,     i    Huhloliti 

t    llritjLlajeri 

Upholsttrcn'. 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    rj  =  sires;    Chin,   this.  halft 

369  2:  wolf,  dfl;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.'  hap 


ging,  on  a  ship.  2.  A  fetter.  [Cp.  AS.  hamelian,  muti- 
late.)    Syn.:  see  embarrass;  hinder. 

ham'per2.  I.  vt.  To  put  into  or  load  with  hampers.  II. 
re.  A  large  packing=basket,  as  for  food.  [  <  OF.  han- 
aper,  <  hanap,  cup.] 

Hamp'ton  Roads,  1  hamp'tan;  2  hamp'ton.  A  channel  In 
Chesapeake  Bay,  Va.;  duel  of  "Monitor"  and  "Merrimac," 
Mar.  9,  1862. 

ham 'string",  1  ham'strin";  2  ham'strfng".  I.  vt.  To  cut 
the  hamstring  of;  cripple.  II.  re.  1.  A  tendon  of  the 
thigh,  back  of  the  knee.  2.  The  large  sinew  at  the  back 
of  the  hock  of  the  hind  leg  of  a  quadruped. 

ban 'a p  ,  1  han'ap;  2  han'ap,  re.  A  rich  goblet  or  tankard. 
[OF.,  <  OHG.  hnapf,  cup.] 

Han  cock,  1  han'kok;  2  han'c&k,  n.  1.  John  (1737-1793),  an 
American  statesman;  first  governor  of  Massachusetts,  1780. 
2.  Wlnfield  Scott  (1824-1886),  a  United  States  general. 

hand,  1  hand;  2  hand.  ld.  vt.  1.  To  give,  pass,  deliver, 
or  transmit  with  or  as  with  the  hand.  2.  To  assist,  lead, 
or  raise  with  the  hand.  3.  Naut.  To  furl,  as  a  sail.  II. 
n.  1.  The  part  of  the  fore  limb  in  .man  adapted  for 
grasping;  a  similar  part  of  some  other  animals.  2.  Abil- 
ity in  manipulation;  dexterity;  touch;  also,  handiwork; 
performance.  3.  An  operative  who  toils  with  the  hands. 
4.  Something  like  or  acting  like  the  human  hand,  as  the 
pointer  of  a  clock.  5.  Handwriting;  penmanship;  sig- 
nature. 6.  The  supposed  width  of  a  palm,  viz.,  four 
inches.  7.  Possession;  control.  8.  The  cards  held  by  a 
player  at  one  deal.  9.  Side;  direction.  10.  Agency  in 
doing  or  promoting.    [  <  AS.  hand.] 

Hand  is  used  as  the  first  element  in  many  self=explaining 
compounds;  as.  hand  'hag",  h.  i  ar,  h    press,  h.=saw. 

— hand  and  glove,  in  close  intimacy. — hand'ball",  n. 
A  game  in  which  a  ball  is  struck  with  the  hand  and  kept 
bounding  against  a  wall  or  the  ground. — hand  '=bar"row,  n. 

1.  A  litter  or  stretcher.  2.  A  wheelbarrow. — hand 'bill",  re. 
A  small  advertising  sheet;  dodger. — hand'book",  n.  A 
small  guide«book  or  manual. — hand 'breadth",  n.  The 
breadth  of  the  hand;  a  palm,  hand's  breadth}.— hand'- 
cuff".  It.  vt.  To  put  handcuffs  upon.  II.  n.  One  of  two 
manacles  connected  by  a  chain,  and  designed  to  be  locked 
around  the  wrists.  Syn.:  see  fetter. — hand'ed,  a.  1.  Hav- 
ing hands.  2.  Acting  or  provided  with  hands;  as,  righuhand- 
ed;  single*handed ;  iowhanded. — hand  'fast",  vt.  1.  To  grasp 
with  the  hand;  hence,  to  betroth.  2.  [Scot.]  To  marry  tem- 
porarily.— hand'fasf't,  re.  1.  A  contract;  marriage=engage- 
ment.  2.  Confinement;  custody. — hand'ful,re.  As  much  as 
a  hand  can  hold. — hand  'gal"lop,  n.  A  moderate  gallop. — 
li.  -glass,  n.     1.  A  mirror  intended  to  be  held  in  the  hand. 

2.  A  reading-glass.  3.  Naut.  A  time-glass  to  measure  the 
log. — h.sgrcnade,  n.  1.  An  explosive  shell  designed  to  be 
thrown  by  hand  and  exploding  upon  impact.  2.  A  glass 
bottle  containing  chemicals  for  extinguishing  a  fire. — h.s 
made,  a.  Made  by  hand  or  by  hand  tools. — hand 'maid", 
n.  A  female  servant  or  attendant.  hand'maid"en}. — 
li.  organ,  re.  A  musical  instrument  operated  by  a  crank. — 
Ii.-sih,  re.  A  saw  made  to  be  used  with  one  hand.  —  hand  '- 
spike",  re.  A  bar  used  as  a  lever. — hand 'spring",  re.  A 
somersault  performed  by  resting  the  hands  on  the  ground. 
—  h.-work,  re.  Work  done  by  hand,  not  by  machine. — 
hand'writ"ing,  re.  The  form  of  writing  peculiar  to  a  given 
person;  penmanship;  written  matter. 

Han 'del,  1  han'del;  2  han'del,  George  Frederick  (1685- 
1759).    A  German*EngUsb.  composer;  Messiah,  etc. 

hand'i-cap,  1  hand'i-kap;2hand'i-cap.  I.  vt.  [-capped1; 
-cap"pinq.1  To  impose  a  handicap  on;  encumber;  hin- 
der; retard.  II.  n.  The  carrying  of  extra  weight  by  a 
competitor  in  a  race,  or  an  allowance  of  time  or  distance, 
to  favor  a  weaker  rival;  also,  a  race  conducted  with  such 
allowance.   [  <  hand  in  cap,  perhaps  from  drawing  lots.] 

hand '1-craf t'',  1  hand'i-kruft";  2  h&nd'i-craft",  n.  Skill 
and  Ktpertness  in  working  witli  the  hands;  a  mechanical 
trade.  ]<  hand  +  craft.]  Syn.:  see  business.— haud'l- 
crafts"man,  re.      [-men,  pl.\     An  artisan;  mechanic. 

hand'1-ly,  hand'1-ness.     See  handy. 

hand'i-work",  1  hand'i-wurk";  2  hand'i-wurk",  n.  Work 
done  by  the  hands. 

hand'ker-chief,  1  han'kar-cTnf;  2  hao'kcr-chif,  re.  1.  A 
kerchief  for  wiping  the  face  or  nose.  2.  A  neckerchief. 
[<  HAND  +  KERCHIEF.] 

han 'die,  )  1  lian'dl;  2  han'dl.    I.  vt.   [han'dl(e)dp;  han'- 

han'dlp,  J  dlino.]  1.  To  touch;  feel;  manipulate;  ply; 
treat.  2.  To  buy  and  sell;  deal  in.  3.  To  accustom  to 
the  hand,  as  an  animal;  train.  4.  To  provide  with  a 
handle.  II.  n.  1.  That  part  of  an  object  intended  to  be 
grasped  with  the  hand.  2.  That  whicn  may  lie  used;  as, 
to  give  a  handle  to  one's  enemies.  3.  [Colloq.l  A  pro- 
fessional or  other  title.  [<  AS.  handle,  <  hand.  Band] 
— han'dler,  re. 

hand  'sol,  |  ]    hand'sel,  han'sel;  2  hand'sel,   han'sel.     I.   vt. 

han'sel,    i  [-seled  or  -belled;  -sel-ino  or  -eEL-LiNG.)    To 


taste  or  try  for  luck.  II.  re.  1.  A  gift  as  a  token  of  good  will 
or  to  secure  good  luck.  2.  Earnest=money  on  a  contract.  [  < 
AS.  handselen,  giving  into  the  hand,  <  hand,  hand,  +  scllan, 
give.] 

hand 'some, )  1  han'sam;  2  han'som,  a.    1.  Agreeable  to 

hand  'sum1', )  the  eye  or  to  good  taste;  of  pleasing  aspect. 
2.  Of  liberal  dimensions  or  proportions.  3.  Marked  by 
magnanimity.  4.  Marked  by  propriety.  [  <  hand  -j- 
-some.]  Syn.:  see  beautiful;  fine. — hand'some-Iy,  adv. 
1.  Becomingly;  liberally;  generously.  2.  Naut.  Cleverly; 
neatly. — hand'some-ness,  n. 

hand'},  1  hand'i;  2  hand'y,  a.  [hand'i-er;  hand'i-est.] 
1.  Ready  at  hand  or  convenient  for  use;  near  by.  2. 
Skilful  with  the  hands.  3.  Naut.  Easy  to  handle.  [  < 
AS.  gehende,  at  hand,  <  ge-,  a-',  +  hand,  hand.] 

Syn.:  see  convenient;  skilful.  —  hand'i-Iy,  adv. — 
hand  'i-ness,  re. 

hang,  1  han ;  2  hang,  v.  [hung  or  hanged;  hang'ing.]  I. 
t.  1.  To  support  by  attachment  to  something  above: 
suspend;  also,  to  suspend  something  on;  as,  to  hang 
walls  with  tapestry.  2.  To  execute  on  the  gallows  (with 
pp.  hanged) .  3.  To  cause  to  droop.  4.  [U.  S.]  To  hold  in 
suspense;  cause  to  come  to  or  remain  in  deadlock,  as  a 
jury.  II.  i.  1.  To  depend,  swing,  wave,  or  flutter  from 
any  support.  2.  To  suffer  death  by  the  gallows.  3.  To 
be  imminent:  with  over.  4.  To  watch  or  wait  with 
solicitude.  5.  To  stick;  cling;  hover.  6.  To  rest  for  de- 
cision; depend.  7.  To  be  in  doubt  or  suspense.  8. 
[U.  S.]  To  be  or  remain  in  a  deadlock ;  be  unable  to  agree, 
as  a  jury.  9||.  To  have  a  steep  declivity;  incline.  [< 
AS.  hangian.]     Syn.:  see  suspend. 

— hang 'bird",  n.  A  bird  that  builds  a  hanging  nest,  as 
the  Baltimore  oriole. — hang'dog".  I.  a.  Of  mean,  sneak- 
ing, or  abject  character  or  appearance.  II.  re.  A  skulking 
person;  sneak.  —  hang 'er!,  re.  One  who  or  that  which 
hangs;  a  device  by  which  something  is  suspended. — hang'- 
er2,  re.  A  short  cut»and*thrust  sword. — hang'erton",  re. 
A  self-attached  dependent;  parasite.  —  hang'ing,  re.  1. 
The  act  of  suspending.  2.  Execution  on  the  gallows.  3.  pi. 
Drapery  for  a  room,  as  tapestry. — hang'man,  re.  [-men, 
pi.]  A  public  executioner.— hang'nail",  re.  Skin  partially 
torn  loose  at  the  side  or  root  of  a  flnger=nail.  [Corr.  of  ag- 
nail.]— hang'snest",  re.     A  hangbird's  nest. 

hang,  re.  1.  The  manner  of  hanging  or  being  hung.  2. 
[Colloq.]  Familiar  knowledge  or  wont;  knack.  3.  The 
general  run;  leading  idea.  4.  A  downward  curve  in  a 
vessel's  planking.    5.  Naut.  Rake,  as  of  a  mast. 

han'gar",  1  han'giir";  2  han'giir",  re.  [F.]  A  shed  for  the  stor- 
age of  vehicles,  aeroplanes,  etc. 

hank,  1  hack;  2  hank.  I',  vt.  To  form  into  hanks.  II. 
n.  1.  A  bundle  of  two  or  more  skeins  of  yarn  tied  to- 
gether; also,  a  single  skein.  2.  A  rope,  string,  coil,  or  tie; 
also,  any  fastening.    [  <  Ice.  honk,  coil,  <  hanga,  hang.] 

han'ker,  1  han'lor;  2  han'ker,  vi.  1.  To  have  an  inces- 
sant desire;  hunger.  2.  To  linger  expectantly.  [Freq. 
of  hank,  for  hang,  v.] — han'ker-ing,  re. 

nan"kow',  1  han"kau';  2  han'kow',  re.  A  treaty  port  in  S. 
China;  pop.  826,000.    Han"kau'};  Han"*keu't. 

Han'ni-bal,  1  han'i-bal;  2  han'i-bal,  re.  A  Carthaginian  gen- 
eral (247-183?  B.  C);  ravaged  Italy  in  Second  Punic  war. 

Han'o-ver,  1  han'o-var;  2  han'o-vSr,  re.  Former  German 
kingdom,  now  a  Prussian  province  (14.S69  BQ.  m.;  pop. 
2,943,000);  also,  Its  capital  city  (pop.  302,000).  Han 'ne- 
ver J:  [G.].— Han"o-ve'rl-an,  a.  &  «.— Hanoverian  dy- 
nasty, a  reigning  family  of  Great  Britain,  founded  by 
George  I.,  who  was  elector  of  Hanover,  and  ending  with 
Victoria.    House  of  Hanover?. 

han 'sard,  1  han'sard;  2  han'sard,  re.  1.  The  printed  record  of 
the  proceedings  of  the  British  Parliament,  so  called  from  its 

first  publisher,  Luke  Hansard.  2.  |I1-|  A  citizen  or  merchant 
of  a  Hanse  town.  —  han'sard-lze,  vt.  &  vi.  [-IZED;  -iz'ING.] 
[Kng.]  To  show  the  Inconsistency  of  (a  member  of  Parlia- 
ment) by  quoting  from  the  hansard. 

hanse,  1  nans;  2  nans,  re.  1.  A  confederacy  of  commercial 
towns;  a  gild  of  merchants.  2.  [ 1 1 — j  The  Hanseatlo  League. 
[OF.,  ■    OHG.  hansa,  confederacy.]    hansi. 

han"se-at'lc,  1  han"si-at'ik;  2  haii"se-at'ic,  a.    Pertaining  to  a 
hanse,  or  III-]  to  the  league  of  certain  towns  of  ( iennany. 
Hanscalic  League,  a  league  of  cities  in  northern  Germany 
and  neighboring  countries,  called  Hanse  towns,  tor  protection 
and  profit  (about  1150  L669).    Han'saJ. 

han'sel,  d,  a.-  n.    Same  as  handsel, 

han'som,  1  han'som;  2  han'som,  n.  A  low,  two-win,  I,  ,1, 
one»horse  cab,  with  driver's  seat  perched  back  of  the 
top.    I  <  Hansom,  name  of  inventor.]   han'som  cabf. 

han 'tie,  ]  iian'ti;  2  hi'tn'ii,  »,  [Scot.]  A.  good  many;  a  good 
deal.    [  -   Dan.  untal,  <  an-,  a-4,  +  tai,  number.] 

hap1,  1  hap;  2  hap.  I.  vi.  [happed*,  hapt";  hap'ping.] 
To  happen;  chance.  II.  n,  I.  A.  casual  occurrence;  hap- 
pening; chance.  2.  Luck;  good  fortune.  [<  Ice.  happ, 
hap.]    Syn.:  see  accident. 


,      \        .1  I        I         I 


■•;  not.  flr;  fall,  rOle;  but,  bOrat 

ii  i  ,  wAn, 


:t;o 


baa 


h»r»m 


.nhlnc  that 

I  r  qual- 

,  bib* 

gratlfl- 
i  >lrlnil. 

ii  more 
a  lirn  :i 

.11  i.l  ra 

Howl.  -•■  than  happi- 

ler  and 
a  pUo 
• 

IT,]     1. 

cheer;.  :■  llghtful,  ilexl 

.Cay.-  ..illy.  Joyful.  Joyous. 

■  v»d.  prosperous,  rapturi 

■ufiny.  Happy 
good  lui|)."  a 

;■-  I  hi  iklru  ■■'.  fiappt  i  hanee, 

.    -Uim  belli,  St.  2. 

i/<  and  lucky. 

■  ..f  any 

I   BajB  »  :..■.'. i  '  .."I  eorre«  -tcili.     Jo', v.  17. 
present  nae,  happy  l-  appUi 

ipv  heart:  a  '. 

tare  «:• 

eaaion  or  expression  of  a  moderati 

:■   mru-d 

■     per- 
tly from  abundant  animal  spirits:  we 


teboly.  mJaerai/' 

l  '     cltously; 

f  Austria 
If  film    .  •   Austrian   Ira- 

5'ro-kl'rt:  2  hi'rMd'rl.  n.    (Jap]    A  I 

military   officers,    noMam 

ne  m  hakcm. 


h.i-r.iiitn.    .  I  a  |n  \- 

ii.i ■  r  in.     .  i  ■  utter 

II.  n      \n  oration; 
.     and   \  'In  men!  B|x  i .  Ii 
i  .  mi.  .   •   .-..    rlnii  .  n 

hni.  t  with  importunities 

.  .| 

i.lll.     PI  11  l-l   I    \         I  Mil.. 

h  ii     i-    -•  r.  Ii.ir     i--- n  . 

ii  ir  i.iu.  i  i,  ii  i, m. u  iiar'iiin.  H.    a  treat;  p> >n  in  Manchuria; 

Iiir    I. in-.  .  r.   1    l,,ir'l.in-j..r;  L'  hai'lun  i-.r       I.  it        1  0  ai  I 

r  in.    il.  ii.    I.  <  ino  w l r  1  bal 

which  foreruns  and  announooa  tho  coming  of  something, 
'.'.  I  trier  w li"  rodo  in  advanoi  ol  a  i 

i  ill  ii  Lodging  and  entortainmonl      I-    OF. 

■  ,     III    I!  M  Ii 

li  m  in.r.  I.        i.i  refuge; 

i ;  protect     '!•  To  entertain  in  the  mind 
track  to  its  covert,  as  a  deer,  el       n.        rofindorre- 

■  iii-iii-r  or  protection.   Syn.:  see  cherish;  bhbi 
h.ir  'imr.  ...     1.  A  purl  m  haven  where  ships  may  Snd  pro- 
Si   \n\  i ill.,   i ,i  refuge  and  rent. 

Id  E;  SHELTER. 

barttor-age,  1.  \  pon  or  place  of  shelter  for  ships. 
Iter;  entertainment,  har'bor-less,  a.  without  a 
harbor      har'b«r>iii:»N"ter,  n.      1.  An  officer  who  in 

:■  in  harbor,  to  see  thai  they  are  properly  berthed  and 
moored.     ''•  The  chlei  ol  tin-  barbor*polloe. 

liar   l. our.   liar 'hour-age.   liar 'hour 'it,  eta      Harbor,  etc.: 

pclllng  in  I  ji: 
h.irii.  i  hard;  2  bard,  a,  1.  Firm  and  unyielding  in 
substance;  Bolid.  'J.  Difficult  to  do,  understand,  etc  ; 
perplexing.  8.  I  nfeeling  in  character  nr  demeanor; 
rigorous;  severe;  unsparing;  exacting.  4.  Thorough- 
going and  energetic,  as  in  \\nrk;  strenuous.  5.  I 
and  unpalatable;  poor;  scanty;  also,  displeasing;  offen- 

'i.  Containing  mineral  Baits  in  solution: 
water.      7.  [ColloqT]  Hardened  «r  wicked.      |<  AS. 
heard,  hard.] 

Syn.:  arduous,  austere,  bad,  callous,  compact,  cruel,  dense, 
<linicult.  distressing,  exacting,  arm,  flinty,  grievous,  hard- 
barsh,    impenetrable,    obdurate,    oppressive,    rigid, 
severe,  solid  born,  unfeeling,  unforgiving,  unre- 

lenting, unyielding       See  arduous;  austere;  bap;  com- 

i  raii;   oifeni  trabije;  tic 
Ant.:  easy,  facile,  Quid,  genial,   gentle,    Intelligible,    kind, 
lenient,  meek,  mild,  penetrable,  perspicuous,  simple,  soft, 
submissive,  tender,  yielding. 

—  hard  cash,  li.  money,  com  as  distinguished  from  i>aper 
money;  also,  actual  money  as  distinguished  from  debts 
or  claims  to  i  nr  settled,     hard' •ear ned",  a. 

Earned  or  gained  with  difficulty,     b. 'favored,  a     Having 
harsh  or  appearance.     bu»facedt. — h.» 

favoredness,  n,  h. 'featured,  a  Stern  or  forbidding  In 
countenance  or  aspect  h.=flstcii.  a  I.  Having  hard, 
hornj .  or  Btrong  hands.  2.  <  >f  an  avaricious  or  miserly  dis- 
h.  handed)  a.  1.  Saving  hard  or  horny  bands. 
'i.  Governing  with  severity  or  crueltj  .  despotic;  tyrannical. 
— b. 'headed,  a     I.  ibrewdness and  a  practical 

turn     2.  inclined  to  obstinacy;  stubborn.  —  h. 'hearted, 
Lacking  pit .  unfeeling;  obdurate,     h.'beart- 

edness,         h. -mouthed,  n.    Having  a  bard  mouth,  as  a 
hence,  not  easily  controlled      h.<set,  a.    Firmly  re- 
i   obstinate;  unyielding;  rigid, 
hard.    I.  n.  Something  thai  is  bard;  especially,  a  road- 
way of  firm,  unyielding  material.     II.  adv.     1.  With 
much  continued  energy;   forcibly.    'I.  With  effori  nr 
ilillii  ulty.    ■''••  itise  vexation,  trouble,  nr  pain. 

4.  Securely;  tightly;  fasi      5.  In  close  proximity;  ad- 
joinii  d  with  after,  by,  or  u(.wi.    U.  Roughly 

and  joltingly;  wil  <•  To  the  extreme  limit: 

said  '  helm.     H.  In  such  a  manner  as  to  be- 

come  hard.    '.).  So  a-  to  present  difficulties. 
Bar'dee,  l  bfir'dl;  'j  harMe,  William  Joseph  (1818-1873). 

An  A.niriran  Confederate  general. 
hard  'en,  1  hord'n;  2  h&rd'n,  rt.  &  vi.    To  make  or  become 
hanl  or  hardi-r:  make  callous  or  indifferent.    [<  AS. 
i  den.] 
Hard'en,  Maximilian  (1861  G  rman  joui 

hard  hack".  lhard'hak*;2hard'h&l  ".  ■  Bot. The steeple- 

ub  of  the  rose  family. 
har'di-hood,  1  har'di-hud;  2  haVdi-hdod,  n.    1.  Sturdy 
;,  or  foolish  daring;  venturesomeness. 
'1.    Presumptuous   boldness;    audacity;   effrontery,      3. 
lality  of  being  hardy;  physical  endurance,    har'- 
di-inc  t:.     Bfil:  see  courage;  effrontery;  temerity. 
har'di-ly,  1  hor'di-h;2  har'di-ly.  adv.    With  liardihood. 
har'ili-ticss,  i  har,di-nes;  2  h&r'di-nes,  n.    1.  The  state 
ol  being  hardy.    2.  Stoutheartedness;  intrepidity. 


371 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    ml  — out;    ell:     lu  =  ieud;    cTlin;    go;    0  =  sinff;    fhin,   this.  hap 

2:  wolf,  do;    book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  harp 


hard'ly,  1  hard'h;  2  hiird'ly,  adv.  1.  With  difficulty  or 
great  pains.     2.  Scarcely;  not  quite.    3.  Improbably. 

hard'ness,  1  hurd'nes;  2  hard'nes,  n.  1.  The  state  of 
being  hard.  2.  An  unyielding,  unsparing,  or  grasping 
spirit.  3.  Chem.  A  property  of  water  that  contains  min- 
eral salts.  4.  Med.  Tenseness:  said  of  the  pulse.  5.  Art. 
Harsh  effect  or  treatment.  6.  That  quality  of  a  mineral 
that  resists  scratching.    7|[.  Hardship. 

hard 'span",  1  hard'=pan";  2  hard'=pan".  n.  1.  Mining.  A 
layer  of  Arm  detritus  under  soft  soil.  2.  [Colloq.,  TJ.  S.] 
Hence,  a  firm  foundation;  solid  basis. 

hard 'ship,  1  hard'sTiip;  2  hard'ship,  n.  Something  hard 
to  endure,  as  exposure  or  injustice.     Syn.:  see  adversity; 

MISFORTUNE. 

hard  'tack",  1  haxd'tak";  2  hard'tak",  n.  Large,  unsalted, 
hard=baked  biscuit  for  army  and  navy  use. 

hard 'ware",  1  hard' war";  2  hard' war",  n.  Manufactured 
articles  of  metal,  as  utensils  or  tools. 

hard 'wood",  1  hdrd'wud";  2  h;ird'wo6d",  n.  1.  Wood 
from  broad=leaved  trees  as  distinguished  from  the  wood 
of  needle=leaved  trees.  2.  Any  dense  heavy  wood:  prop- 
erly two  words. 

har'dy,  1  har'di;  2  har'dy,  a.  [har'di-er;  har'di-est.] 
1.  Inured  to  hardship;  robust.  2.  Showing  hardihood; 
bold;  audacious.  3.  Hort.  Able  to  survive  the  winter  in 
the  open  air.    [  <  F.  hardi,  <  OHG.  harli,  hard.]    Syn.:  see 

STRONG. 

har'dy,  n.  [har'dies2,  pi.]  A  square=shanked  chisel  or  fuller 
for  insertion  in  a  hardy=hole. — har'dy=hole",  n.  A  hole  in 
a  blacksmiths'  anvil  for  the  hardy  or  another  tool. 

Har'dy,  Thomas  (1840-        ).    An  English  novelist. 

hare,  1  har;  2  har,  n.  A  rodent  with  cleft  upper  lip,  long 
ears,  and  long  hind  legs:  proverbial  for  its  timidity  and 
swiftness.  [<  AS.  Kara,  hare.] — hare  and  hounds,  a 
rural  sport  in  which  one  or  more  persons,  called  hares,  travel 
In  advance  of  a  larger  body  of  players,  known  as  hounds. 
The  hares  scatter  scraps  of  paper  (called  "scent")  as  they 
proceed,  and  the  hounds,  by  following  the  scent,  try  to  catch 
the  hares  before  they  make  "cover"  or  home. — hare'bell", 
n.  A  perennial  herb  with  blue  bell=shaped  flowers,  blue'- 
bell"t. — hare 'brained",  a.  Foolish;  flighty;  giddy. — 
hare 'lip",  n.    A  congenital  fissure  of  the  upper  lip. 

ha 'rem,  1  he'rem;  2  ha'rgm,  n.  1.  The  women's  apart- 
ments in  a  Mohammedan  household;  seraglio;  also,  the 
women  occupying  them.  2.  A  sanctuary,  prohibited  to 
all  but  the  faithful,  as  the  mosque  at  Mecca.  [  <  Turk. 
harem,  <  Ar.  hardm,  anything  forbidden.] 

Har'greaves,  1  har'grivz;  2  hiir'grev.s,  James  (  -1778).  An 
English  weaver;  inventor  of  the  spinning=jenny. 

har'i-cot,  1  har'i-ko;  2  har'i-co,  n.  1.  A  stew  of  meat  and 
vegetables.  2.  The  ripe  seeds  or  green  pods  of  the  kid- 
ney=bean  when  cooked.    [F.] 

ha'rhka'rl,  n.    See  hara=kiri. 

hark,  1  hark;  2  hark.  I1,  vi.  To  harken;  listen:  chiefly 
in  the  imperative,  with  interjectional  force.  II.  n.  The 
cry  "hark."     Syn.:  see  listen. 

hark'en,    1  1  hark'n;  2 hark'n,  vt.  &vi.    To  hear  by  listen- 

heark'en,  (  ing;  listen.  [<  AS.  hercnian,  <  heran,  hear.] 
Syn.:  see  listen. 

harl,  1  hurl;  2  harl,  p.  [Prov.  Eng.  &  Scot.]  I.  /.  1.  To  confuse 
or  tangle.  2.  To  rough=cast.  3.  To  drag  forcibly  or  vio- 
lently.   II.  i.    To  drag  oneself;  be  dragged.     Iiarlej. 

Ilar'lem,  1  har'lcm;  2  hiir'lem,  n.  A  former  village  In  the 
N.  E.  part  of  Manhattan  Island;  now  part  of  New  York 
city.—  Harlem  river,  a  navigable  tidal  stream;  the  nor- 
thern boundary  of  Manhattan  Island. 

har'lc-qiiln.  1  har'ii-kwin  or -kin;  2  hiir'le-kwln  or  -kin,  v.  I. 
t.  To  conjure  away  as  by  the  made  trick  of  a  harlequin.  II. 
i.  To  make  sport  by  playing  fantastic  tricks;  play  thedroll. 

har'le-(|Uin,  n.  A  character  in  pantomime,  commonly 
dressed  in  party-colored  spangled  clothes  and  bearing  a 
magic  wand  or  sword  of  lath;  hence,  a  buffoon.  [OF., 
<  hellekin,  demon.] 

—  har"le-quln-adc\  n.  1.  That  part  of  a  pantomime  In 
which  the  harlequin  and  clown  play  the  principal  parts; 
hence,  pantomime.     '1.  Fantastic  antics  or  show;  buffoonery. 

liar  lot,  1  hur'liit;  2  har'lot,  n.  1.  A  lewd  woman;  prosti- 
tute. 2f.  A  male  servant;  churl;  any  one,  male  or  fe- 
male, of  low  birth.  [  <  OF.  herlot,  fellow]  har'lot-ry, 
n.    [-iuehz,  pi.]    The  trade  of  a  harlot ;  habitual  lewdness. 

harm,  1  harm;  2  harm.  I.vt.  To  inflict  harm  upon;  dam- 
age; injure;  hurt.  II.  n.  1.  That,  which  inflicts  injury 
or  loss,  or  the  injury  inflicted;  hurt,  2.  Offense  against 
right  or  morality;  wrong.     (<  AS   hearm,  insult) 

Syn.:  (verb)  see  abuse;  hurt;  (noun)  injury;  MI8F0B- 
TUNK,.—  hann'ful,  a.  Having  power  to  Injure;  QOXlOUB, 
Syn.:  sec  inimical;  noisome;  PERNICIOUS,  harm Tul-ly, 
adv.—  harm  'ful-ness,  n.  harm  'less,  n.  I.  Not  harm- 
ful; Innoxious.  2.  Without  hurt,  loss,  or  liability.  Syn.:  see 
innocent.— harm 'less-ly,  adv.— harm  'less-ness,  n. 


Harmonica. 


har-mon'ic,  1  har-men'ik;  2  hiir-mon'ic.  I.  a.  1.  Pro- 
ducing or  relating  to  harmony.  2.  Acoustics.  Attendant 
upon  or  accessory  to  a  primary  tone.  II.  n.  1.  A  sec- 
ondary tone;  overtone.  2. 
A  note  on  a  stringed  instru- 
ment produced  by  lightly 
stopping  a  string.  3.  pi. 
[Rare.]  The  department  of 
acoustics  that  treats  of  musi- 
cal sounds.  [  <  Gr,L  har- 
monikos,  <  harmonia;  see 
harmony.]  Iiar-inoii'1-cal;. 
— har-mon 'i-ca,  n.  A 
mouth=organ;  also,  the  name 
of  various  other  musical  In- 
struments, har-mon  'i-cont. 
— har-mon  'l-cal-ly,  adv. 

har-mo'ni-um,  1  iiar-mo'ni-um;  2  har-m5'ni-um,  n.  A  reed- 
organ. 

har'mo-iiy,  1  har'mo-m;  2  hiir'mo-ny,  n.  [-niesz,  pi.] 
1.  (1)  A  pleasing  agreement  of  musical  sounds.  (2)  An 
arrangement  of  musical  parts  with  a  theme.  2.  Accord 
in  feeling,  manner,  or  action.  3.  Agreement  in  relation ; 
conformity;  order;  symmetry;  unanimity;  unity.  1.  A 
literary  work  to  display  the  agreement  of  different 
books;  as,  a  harmony  of  the  Gospels.  [<  Gr.L+F  har- 
monia, music,  a  joining,  <  V  ar,  join.) 

Syn.:  accord,  accordance,  agreement,  amity,  concord, 
concurrence,  conformity,  congruity,  consent,  consistency, 
consonance,  symmetry,  unanimity,  uniformity,  union,  uni- 
son, unity.  When  tones,  thoughts,  or  feelings,  individu- 
ally different,  combine  to  form  a  consistent  and  pleasing 
whole,  there  is  harmony.  Harmony  is  deeper  and  more  es- 
sential than  agreement.  Concord  implies  more  volition  than 
accord.  Conformity  Is  submission  to  authority  or  necessity. 
Congruity  involves  the  element  of  suitableness;  consent  and 
concurrence  refer  to  decision  or  action,  but  consent  is  more 
passive  than  concurrence.  See  melody;  tune;  symmetry. 
— Ant.:  antagonism,  conflict,  controversy,  disagreement, 
discord,  disproportion,  dissension,  disunion,  hostility,  in- 
congruity, inconsistency,  opposition,  schism,  variance. 

— har-mo'ni-ous,  a.  Possessing  harmony;  concordant; 
musical;  peaceable;  symmetrical;  congruous,  -ly,  adv. 
-ness,  n. — har'mo-nlst,  n.  1.  A  master  of  the  principles 
of  musical  harmony.  2.  A  student  or  expounder  of  the  har- 
mony of  different  writings,  as  of  the  Christian  Gospels.  3. 
[Rare.]  A  harmonizer. — har'mo-nlze  or  -nlse,  vt.  &  vi. 
[-nizeu;  -niz"ino.]  1.  To  make  or  become  harmonious.  2. 
To  arrange  or  to  be  in  musical  harmony.  Syn.:  see  accom- 
modate; adapt;  agree. — har"mo-nl-za'[or  -sa'Jtlon,  n. 
— har'mo-nlz"er  or  -nls"er,  n. 

Har'nack,  1  har'nak;  2  har'nak,  Adolf  (1851-  ).  A  Ger- 
man Protestant  ecclesiastical  historian  and  theologian. 

bar 'ness,  1  hur'nes;  2  har'ngs.  I',  vt.  1.  To  put  harness 
on;  attach  by  means  of  harness.  2.  To  equip  with 
armor,   as  for  war.     II.  n. 

[-NESS  Or  -NES8-E8,  pi.]      1. 

The  equipment  of  a  draft' 
animal  used  to  attach  it  for 
work,  as  to  a  wheeled  vehi- 
cle. 2.  Originally,  the  de- 
fensive armor  of  a  soldier 
or  of  his  horse.  3  Any  ar- 
rangement of  straps,  cords, 
etc.,  as  for  lifting.  4.  Fig- 
uratively,  equip- 


ment  for  any  busi- 
ness; also,  the  re- 
quirements of  busi- 
ness; active  service. 
har  'iii-is  i  .  [  <  OF. 
harnas,  <  Br.  harnez, 
armor,  <  hour  an, 
Iron.] 
Syn.:  see  caparison. 

harns,  1  hfirnz;  2  hams., 
n.  [Old  Eng.  &  Scot.] 
Brains.    [<  AS.  hwr-  Harness. 

nes.]  1.  Single  bernMl.   S.  Double  Wrnrm.   t.  Minder* 

Harold,    1     bar"  8ld;    3  onrlnkeritmpes  h,  thronUhUob;  j,  brow.buid  o- 

hnr'nlil        II         IIIW'W-  fr..i,t.|.i ;    .'.  <-.  I'll;    '.  '.  terreHj    r,  r,  li.arthilliil.-, 

,    ..^         ,-,  '         .    ,.'      «.  •»'!«  Mlv.i.m..b  '.  inching;  b$,  breed 

1066).  King  of  En-  „„„,,.  ,,,  ourb.blti  /,,  ,,.., 
gland;  defeated  by  orown.ple«;  »,  ourb-ohein; 
William     the    Con-r.i.,:  ...  ....n»r,  ibowlug  »fter»w»le; 

queror.      Bee     hah-  p«*»™y?»i  "■  ■n'ppw»« 

TINCiS. 

harp,  l  harp;  2  harp.  I',  vi.  I.  To  revert  to  some  .sub- 
ject incessantly;  dwell  unduly:  with  on  or  upon.  2.  To 
play  on  the  harp.  II.  n.  I.  A  stringed  musical  instru 
merit,  nearly  triangular  in  modern  form,  played  with 
the  fingers.    2.  One  of  several  old  Irish  coins  of  various 


i«pli  se;  ''.  Ulmlci 
.  runner:  br,  bearing' 
bmmei  »>, 
r  bellyebtnd;  ". 
upper;  <..  bnokvltotpi  z,  traoen. 


1 I 


I  i         ..  |6;   not.  flr:   full,  rOl.-;   I.ut.  I.Orn; 

,       ,  ,  ...  ii  I  I       .     co.  not.  or,  won,        :{7'i 


I 


p    I  r  .  1 

I 


\n  ..1.1- 

I 

I 

har'pj 


liar  .,-. . 
h*r  ri-  ' 


'. 


I. 


UM  - 


\n  :in- 
I        •     thi 
b  ir   i|ir  -I.II-.  h.ir  .|  u.  -  lui  —  •  . 

irquebus. 

i .  ..r  that 

turd 

I   ;..r  hunting  hares. 

■ 
I.  Benjamin    1740 
l  declaration  <>f 

Ii  di  of  the 
I-  n-ilirli     1831 
.   William   llcnr>      177! 

1.  Po  work  with  a  har- 
i  -  irment. 
nly  a  frame  set  w  it  Ii 
:  ground,  pulverizing 
har'row-lng, 
-i'  . 
II  »r  r....  ..n  in.    inn.  2  m.  W.  N.  W.  of  Lon- 

1571. 

b'bued;  bab'by-img.] 
I .  .'  in  any  way. 

)i  •  i  iV. 
h.ir-ii.  I .  to  any  of 

:. 

i  <  Sw. 

iiakd; 

li:ilr~ I  :. 

ba'araf   : 

- 

a*  ■nHltnf*  . 

antelope 

i ). 

Ii.iri.   '- 

I  r  in    i-  Brel 

I     ■  -.-'uin.  a. 

1 

H    -■  I  I,  in'«al«ra'- 

■  alll  ol 

. 

li    •  J  .i.ii  v. 

o  \niir- 

II  r     .r   1    '    ■•!!■  .  ■..-.   HOW 

[larvard  I  nl- 

har'\.  -i.  II.  ther  and 


II.  I . 

- 


red   or 
- 

itomn  j 
wth.  harvcsi.fea.st,  harvesMestlval, 


barvoeuilde,   liarvosUUmo,   in- 
iiiicriim,   prooeeda,   produce,   produot,  reaping, 
I  I     tin    elegant   and  lllorarj 
•  i.. mi.. ii  mi. i  commercial  oxpreaalon;  we  say 
uui  we  should  not  H|n-ak  of  his  selling  IiIh 
.  r  an  ample  .t  abundant  Hartal,  a 
pplledalmoal  wholly  to  grain;  i     p  applies 
thing  thai  la  gathered  In;  we  ipeak  ..f  the  po- 
noi   i  be  potato'  • .-.   either  the 

ii  the  wheat*/)  n1..-  ipeak  of  product  col- 

li of  ■  product  or  various  p  otables, 

butter,  etc.,  ma)  be  termed  farm»produM,  or  the 
ol  thi  (inn     Product  la  a  word  ol  wider  application 
-,..  :it,  ..t  the  p  oduet   ol  manufacturing, 
obtained  bj  multiplying  one  number  bj  another, 
i  be  word  proa  tdt  Is  chleflj  used  of  the  return  from  an 
peak  ol      i  if  a  tat  m,  bul  ol  the 

of  thi  i i  Invested  In  fanning    The  yield  Is  what 

the  land  gives  up  to  the  farmer's  demand,  as the  yield  of  corn 

Igui  atlvi  u  e;  >  i,  I  he  n  rail  ol  lux 

enforcement  of  law  of  crime     Harvest,  harvest* 

tuu .  ami  harm  -ii-itnu  alike  denote  i  he  period  or  season  w  hen 

the  crops  are  or  siiouiii  be  gathered  (fieV  being  .simply  the 

old  Saxon  word  tor  time).    Harm  I  horn  ordinarily  denotes 

ot  harvt  I   and  when  used  to  denote    Implj  the 

always  «i\  <-^  :i  suggestion  of  festivity  and  rejoicing, 

such  as  harvest  and  lumetuttmt  i>>  themselves  do  not  i 

UAsn;  PBont  i  i 

har'Test-er.  n,    One  who  or  thai  which  harvests;  » 

reaper,     har'¥est«feasf ,  n      \  teasi  after  the  harvest  has 

been  gathered  or  the  Benson  in  which  it  occurs,     har'wst- 

tt^"ii-\ai:.     har'veet'bome",  r».     I.  An  •  •  i < i  English  fes- 

Uval  held  at  the  homing  of  the  harvest.    9.  The  song  sung 

ii  festival     8.  The  season  tor  garnering  the  harvest. 

Syn.:  sec  iiakvkst.       liar '\ est  man",  n.     A   reaper;  one 

who  labors  in  the  harvest       liur'\cst-man,  n.     A  daddy* 

long«lega     bar'vest«moon",  n.    The  full  moon  thai  falls 

near  l  he  autumnal  equinox.      Iiar'\est-r> ,  n.     The  actor 

work  of  harvesting,  or  thai  which  is  harvested 
llar'iey,  1  hur'vi:  2  hiir'vy,  n.     1.  II.  A.   ( 1K24-1893),  an 
American  Inventor  of  a  process  for  hardening  steel     2. 
William  1 1  .">  7  -s   1657),  an  English  physician;  discovered  the 

circulation  of  the  blood.  -  liar'\e>-ize,  vt.  1.  TO  treat  (steel) 
by  the  Harvey  process  In  order  to  harden  it.    2.  To  cover  or 

protect   with  hardened  steel  plates. 
liar/,  1  bJirtB;  2  harts,  n.     Mountains  between  the  I  Ibe  and 
rivers.  X.  W.  Germany;  highest  peak,  the  Urocken, 
3,740  ft.     Ilartz:. 
has.  1  has;  2  life,  3d  per.  sing.  pres.  ind.  o/have,  it. 
Bas'drn-bal,  1  haz'dru-bal;  2  has'dni-bal.  n.    One  of  several 
Carthaginian  generals;  especially,  the  brother  of  Hannibal, 
killed  207  H.  I ' 
hash,  1  hash;  2  hash.     I',  vt.    To  cut  or  chop  into  small 
II.  n.     A  dish  of  bashed  and  cooked  meat;  any 
mixture;  a  rehash.    [<  G.OF  hacken,  hack.] 
Iiasli  'ish,    1    liash'ish;    2    hash'ish,    n.      The   tops   and 
sprouts  of   Indian  hemp;  also,  an  intoxicating  prepara- 
tion of  this  plant,     I  <  Ar.  hashish,  hay.]    base  tl'lsc  tit; 
basch'lshf;  hash 'ash  t;  hash'ecsht. 
haslet)  1  haslet;  2  hSsflSt,  n.    The  heart,  liver,  lights, 
i   a  hog,  used  as  food.     [<  OF.  hastebt,    < 
BPlt.] 
hasp,  1  husp;  2  hasp.     I1,  vt.    To  shut  or  fasten  with  or 
nli  a  hasp.     II.  n.     A  fastening  passing  over  a 
and     ecured  as  by  a  padlock.     [<  AS.  hxspe, 
hasp.]     Syn.:  see  lock. 
has'sock,  1  bas'ek;  2  hiis'ok,  n.    A  thick  mat  or  cushion 

i .  ir  a  footstool.    [  <  AS.  hassuc,  coarse  grass.] 
hast,   '    | "  -     t«0.  pres.  ind.  of  ham:,  < 

bas'tate,   1   bae/tet;  2  has'tat,  a.     Spear-shaped,  as  a  leaf, 
has'tat-ed  :. 

haste,  1  hfist;  2  hast.    I.  vt.  A  vi.    [habt'ed'1;  hast'ing.] 
ten    syn.:  see  h-y. 
II.  *,     1.  Celerity  of  movement  or  action;  speed;  dis- 
patch; hurry.    '£.  Necessity  for  speed;  urgency.    [  <  AS. 
Violence.] — hast'en,  rt.  &  vl.     To  drive  or  urge  for- 
ward speedily;  expedite:  dispatch;  be  quick.    Syn.:  see  n,v; 
Q1  ICKSK.     hast'en-er,  n.—  bast'y,  a.     [hast'i-ek; 
BjIST'I-BBT.]     1.  Act Iiik.  done  with,  or  demanding  haste.     '£. 
..r  done  without  due  consideration;  rash.     3.  Quick- 
tempered;  Impetuous;  irascible.     Syn.:    see  CABELX88,  IM- 
PBTUOt  -     BWm        hasty  pudding,  a  pudding  made  by 
gradually  dropping  meal,  especially  Indian  meal,  Into  boil- 
ing water,  stirring  It  while  cooking;  also,  mush.— hast'l-ly, 
adi       hast 'l-ness,  n. 
Hastings,  )  hi "■vtinz;2  has'tlngs.  n.    1.  Warren  (1732-1818). 
1  lovernorwOeneral  of  India;  Impeached  by  the  House  of 

'  onimons  under  the  lead  Ol  I  .'iHiund  liurke,  17X8;  acquitted, 

J7!»o.     8,  A  borough  and  rnarket.t.own  (pop.  61,000)  on  the 

of  I-..  Sussex,  England.-  Battle  of  H.,  fongbl  at  Ben- 

lae  Mill,  near  Hastings,  where  William  the  Conqueror  de- 

Sacold,  1066.  \hxl.\ 

hat,  1  hat;  2  hit,  n.    A  covering  for  the  head.    [<  AS. 


l:a=  final;    i  =  habit;    aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    rj  =  sir?cr ;    thin,   this. 
373       2:  wolf,  dft;  bdok,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,   this. 


Harpers 
haw 


hatch', )  1  hacTi;  2  hach,  v.    I.  t.    To  cause  to  develop  in 

hach ' ,  J  and  come  forth  from  the  egg.  II.  i.  To  produce 
young,  as  eggs;  come  out  of  the  egg,  as  young  birds. — 
hatch 'or,  n.— hatch'er-y,  n.  [-iesz,  pi.]  A  place  where 
eggs,  as  of  fish,  are  hatched.— hatch 'Ing1,  ppr.  &  n. 

hatch2',  vt.  In  drawing  and  engraving,  to  mark  with 
parallel  or  crossed  lines.  [  <  F.  hacher,  <  G.  hacken, 
cut.]— hatch 'lng=,  n.  1.  In  drawing,  the  marking  with 
parallel  or  crossed  lines.    2.  A  system  of  such  lines. 

hatch1,  n.  The  act  of  hatching,  or  the  brood  hatched  at 
one  time.    Syn.:  see  flock. 

hatch2,  n.  An  opening  in  a  deck,  floor,  or  roof;  also,  its 
cover.    [  <  AS.  hsec,  gate.] 

hatch 'el,  1  hacVel;  2  h&ch'ei.  I.  vt.  [hatch'eled  or 
hatch'elled;  hatch'el-ing  or  hatch'el-ling.]  To 
comb,  as  flax  or  hemp;  tease;  vex.  II.  n.  An  imple- 
ment for  cleaning  flax  or  hemp,  consisting  of  a  set  of 
teeth  fastened  in  a  board.     [Var.  of  hackle,  n.] 

hatch  'et,  1  hadh'et;  2  hach'et,  n.  A  small  short»handled 
ax,  for  use  with  one  hand.  [  <  OF.  hachette,  dim.  of 
hache,  ax.]— hatch 'etsface",  n.  A  thin,  sharp=featured 
face. — h. -faced,  a. 

hatch 'men  t,  1  hacli'ment  or  -mant;  2  hach'ment,  n.  The 
armorial  bearings  of  a  deceased  person,  so  blazoned  as  to 
Indicate  the  rank,  sex,  etc. :  usually  in  a  lozenge=shaped  pan- 
el, as  over  a  tomb.    [Cor.  of  achievement,  escutcheon.] 

hatch 'way",  n.    Same  as  hatch2,  n. 

hate1,  1  het;  2  hat,  vt.  &  vi.  [hat'ed11;  hat'ing.]  To  re- 
gard with  extreme  aversion;  detest;  feel  or  cherish  ha- 
tred.   Syn.:  see  abhor. 

hate2t,  imp.  of  hight. 

hate, [re.  Intense  aversion;  animosity;  malignity.  [<  AS. 
hctc,  hate.]  Syn.:  see  hatred.— hat'a-bl(ep,  a.  hate'a- 
bl(epJ.— hate'ful,  a.  1.  Exciting  strong  aversion;  odious. 
2.  Feeling  or  manifesting  hatred,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. — 
hat'er,  n.  [have,  b. 

hath,  1  hath;   2   hath  [Archaic],  3d  pers.  sing.  pres.  ind.  of 

Hath'a-way,  1  hath'a-we;  2  hath'a-wa,  Anne  (1557-1623). 
The  wife  of  Shakespeare. 

ha'tred,  1  he'tred;  2  ha'trgd,  n.  Bitter  dislike  or  aver- 
sion; antipathy;  animosity;  enmity. 

Syn.:  abhorrence,  anger,  animosity,  antipathy,  aversion, 
detestation,  dislike,  enmity,  grudge,  hate,  hostility,  ill  will, 
malevolence,  malice,  malignity,  rancor,  repugnance,  resent- 
ment, revenge,  spite.  Repugnance  applies  to  that  which  one 
feels  himself  summoned  or  impelled  to  do  or  to  endure,  and 
from  which  he  instinctively  draws  back.  Aversion  Is  the 
turning  away  of  the  mind  or  feelings  from  some  person  or 
thing,  or  from  some  course  of  action,  etc.  Hate,  or  hatred, 
as  applied  to  persons,  is  intense  and  continued  aversion,  usu- 
ally with  disposition  to  injure;  anger  is  sudden  and  brief, 
haired  is  lingering  and  enduring.  As  applied  to  things,  ha- 
tred Is  intense  aversion,  with  desire  to  destroy  or  remove; 
haired  of  evil  is  a  righteous  passion,  akin  to  abhorrence,  but 
more  vehement.  Malice  involves  the  active  intent  to  injure; 
malignity  is  deep,  lingering,  and  venomous,  tho  often  im- 
potent to  act;  rancor  (akin  to  rancid)  is  cherished  malignity 
that  has  soured  and  festered  and  is  virulent  and  implacable. 
Spile  is  petty  malice  that  delights  to  Inflict  stinging  pain; 
grudge  is  deeper  than  spite;  it  is  sinister  and  bitter;  resent- 
ment always  holds  Itself  to  be  Justifiable,  but  looks  less  cer- 
tainly to  action  than  grudge  or  revenge.  Compare  abomina- 
tion ;  anger;  antipathy;  enmity;  revenge.  —  Ant.:  Sec 
synonyms  for  friendship;  love. 

hat'ter,  n.     One  who  makes  or  deals  in  hats. 

Hat'ter-as,  1  hat'ar-as;  2  hat'er-as,  Cape.  A  cape  on  tho 
North  Carolina  coast,  noted  for  storms. 

ban  'berk,  1  ho'bark;  2  ha'berk,  n.  A  coat  of  mall,  especially 
one  formed  of  interwoven  steel  rings.     [MIC] 

li.imr,  1  hod;  2  had,  vt.  [Scot]  To  hold.       [AS.  haga,  yard] 

haugh,  1  lion:  2  haH,  n.  [Scot.]  Low«lylng  rich  lands.     [< 

haugh 'ty,  1  ho'ti;  2  ha/ty,  a.     [haugh'ti-eh;  haugh'ti- 

eht.]     1.  Proud  and  disdainful;  arrogant.     2t.  Lofty; 

bold.      3t-    High.      [<    OF.    haulain,    <    haul,    high.] 

haughty.  —  haugh'tl-ly,  adv.     haugh'tl-iicss,  p», 

Syn.:  austere,  churlish,  cold,  contemptuous,  disdainful, 

distant,  high,  Insolent,  proud,  reserved.  Stately,  supercilious, 
surly,  unapproachable,  uncivil,  unsociable.    <  'ompare  ABSO- 
LUTE; arrogance;  imperious;  pride. 
haul,  1  hel;  2  hal,  v.    I.  t.    1.  To  pull  or  draw  with  force. 

2.  To  transport  by  pulling.    II.  i.    1.  Nnui    To  change 
the  direction  of  a  course.    2.  To  shift:  said  of  the  wind. 

3.  To  drag  or  pull.     [<   AS.  holian.]     Syn.:  see  draw. — 
haul'er,  n. 

haul,  n.  1.  A  pulling  with  force;  also,  that  which  is  ob- 
tained by  hauling.  2.  Fishing,  (h  The  drawing  of  a 
net.  (2)  A  single  catch  of  a  net.  3.  The  distance  over 
which  anything  Is  hauled.  |of  abode  or  resort,;  refuge. 

hauld,  1  hold;  2  bald.  n.  [Scot.]   1.  A  grasp;  bold.    2.  A  place 
haulm,  1  horn;  2  nam,  n.    The  stalks  or  sterns  of  any  of  the 
grains,  or  of  bops,  beans,  etc.;  also,  dry  stalks  of  corn  and 
straw.    |  --    AS.  hcalm.]    haum;. 


haunch,  1  hdntfh  or  hendh;  2  hanch  or  hanch,  n.  1. 
The  fleshy  part  of  the  hip.  2.  The  part  of  an  arch 
on  either  side  of  its  crown.  [<  OHG.F  ancha,  joint.] 
— haunched,  a. 

haunt  ,  1  hant  or  hent;  2  hant  or  hant,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  re- 
sort much  to;  frequent.  2.  To  visit  persistently,  as  a 
ghost  or  a  disturbing  thought.  II.  i.  To  be  much 
about  or  around.  [<  F.  hanter,  haunt.] — haunt 'ed, 
pa.  Frequently  visited  or  resorted  to,  especially  as  by 
ghosts  or  apparitions. 

haunt,  n.    A  place  to  which  one  resorts  frequently. 

II a u  |)t 'ma  n  n,  1  haupt'man;  2  houpt'man,  Gerhart 
(1862-      _  ).    A  German  poet  and  dramatist.  [heals.] 

hause,  1  hes;  2  has,  n.  [Scot.]  The  throat;  halse.     [<  AS. 

haiis-to'ri-iim,  1  hes-to'n-um;  2  has-to'ri-um,  n.  [-ri-a,  pi.] 
Bot.  A  root  or  sucker  found  in  certain  parasitic  plants  by 
which  they  absorb  nutriment.  [<  L.  haustor,  drawer,  < 
haurio,  draw.] 

haut'boy,  1  ho'boi;  2  ho'bfty,  n.  A  wooden  wind=instru- 
ment;  oboe.   [  <  F.  hautbois,  <  haul,  high,  +  bois,  wood.] 

haute  pry ncef.    High  prince. 

hau-teur',  1  h5-tur';  2  ho-tur',  n.  [F.]  Haughty  manner  or 
spirit;  haughtiness. 

haut"=gout',  1  ho"=gu';  2  ho"=gu',  n.  High  relish  or  seasoning; 
hence,  the  height  of  style.  [F.,  <  L.  altus,  high,  +  guslus, 
taste.] 

Ha-ran'a,  1  ha-van'a;  2  ha-van'a,  n.    See  Habana. 

have,  1  hav;  2  hav,  v.  [had;  hav'ing.  Pres.  ind.  sing., 
I  have,  thou  hast,  he  has.]  I.  t.  1.  To  hold  as  owner 
or  possessor;  own;  possess.  2.  To  contain;  comprise. 
3.  To  possess  by  receiving  or  getting.  4.  To  experience 
or  feel;  suffer  or  enjoy.  5.  To  hold  in  the  mind;  enter- 
tain. 6.  To  bring  about;  effect.  7.  To  cause  to  be;  pro- 
cure. 8.  To  bear  or  endure;  permit.  9.  To  be  obliged  or 
compelled  to.  10.  To  receive  or  enjoy;  realize.  11.  To 
bring  forth;  bear.  12.  To  esteem  or  regard.  13. 
[Colloq.]  To  possess  an  advantage  over.  II.  i.  To  be; 
hold;  go;  come.    [<  AS.  habban,  have.] 

Syn.:  be  in  possession  of,  be  possessed  of,  hold,  occupy, 
own,  possess.  Have  is  the  most  general  word,  and  is  applied 
to  whatever  belongs  to  or  is  connected  with  one;  a  man  may 
be  said  to  have  what  is  his  own,  what  he  has  borrowed,  what 
has  been  entrusted  to  him,  or  what  he  has  stolen.  To  pos- 
sess a  thing  is  to  have  the  ownership  with  control  and  enjoy- 
ment of  it.  To  hold  is  to  have  in  one's  hand,  or  securely  in 
one's  control;  a  man  holds  his  friend's  coat  for  a  moment,  or 
he  holds  a  struggling  horse;  he  holds  a  promissory  note,  or 
holds  an  office.  To  own  is  to  have  the  right  of  property  in;  to 
possess  is  to  have  that  right  in  actual  exercise;  to  occupy  is  to 
have  possession  and  use  with  or  without  ownership.  A  man 
occupies  his  own  house  or  a  room  In  a  hotel;  he  may  own  a 
farm  of  which  he  is  not  in  possession  because  a  tenant  occu- 
pies it  and  is  determined  to  hold  It.  To  be  in  possession 
differs  from  possess  in  that  to  possess  denotes  both  right  and 
fact,  while  to  be  in  possession  denotes  simply  the  fact,  with 
no  affirmation  as  to  the  right.  To  have  reason  is  to  be  en- 
dowed with  the  faculty;  to  be  in  possession  of  one's  reason 
denotes  that  the  faculty  is  in  actual  present,  exercise. 

— have  at  (him,  you,  et,c.)||,  here  is  a  challenge,  or  a 
blow,  for  (him,  you,  etc.).— have  with  you,  I  will  accom- 
pany you. 

have'lock,  1  hav'lok;  2  hav'lok,  n.  A  white  cover  for  a  mili- 
tary cap,  made  with  a  long  rear  Map.  as  a  protection  from 
the  sun.    [<  Sir  Henry  Havelocb.] 

Have'lock,  1  hav'lok;  2  hav'lok,  Sir  Henry  (1795-1857).  A 
British  general;  relieved  I.ucknow,  Indian  mutiny.  I  s.r>7 

ha'ven,  1  hS'vn;  2  ha'vn,  n.    A  place  of  anchorage  for 

ships;  a  harbor;  port;  refuge;  shelter.  [<  AS.  hsefen, 
haven.)     Syn.:  see  shelter. 

hav'er-sack,  1  hav'ar-sak;  2  hav'cr-sak,  n.  A  bag,  ;  lung 
from  the  shoulder,  as  for  a  soldier's  rations.  |  <  G.r 
hafer,  oats,  -f  sack,  sack.] 

Ha-ver'slan,  1  ha-viir'shan;  2  ba-ver'shan,  a.  Pertaining  to 
or  named  for  Clopton  Havers,  Knglish  anatomist  (17th  cen- 
tury).— Haversian  canal,  one  of  t  he  numerous  channels  for 
capillary  blood-vessels  in  bone-substance. 

hav'ing,  1  hav'in;  2  hav'ing,  re.  1.  That  which  one  has  or 
owns.    2.  [Archaic  or  Scot.]  Good  behavior  or  breeding, 

ha'vlourt,  n.    I.  Behavior,    2.  Resources,    ha'vlort. 

hav'oc,  1  hav'ak;  2  hav'oc.  I*,  vt.  <v  vi.  To  destroy; 
waste.    II.  n.    General  carnage  or  destruction ;  devasta 

lion;  ruin.    [<  AS.  hafOC,  hawk.]     Syn.:  see  MASSACRE,      to 

cry  havoc,  to  give  b  signal  tor  general  oarnage. 
Ha'vre,  l  ho'ver;  2  ba'vir,  n      \  seaport   (pop.  186, i)  ol 

N.  w.  France;  besieged  tour  times.    Served  as  temporal? 

capital  <>r  Belgium,  191  I    L91E     Le  Ha'vre*. 
haw1,  1  he;  2  ha,  vt.  &  vi.    To  turn,  "i  cause  to  turn,  to 

the  left  in  driving.    [  <  AS,  h&wian,  look.]       [speaking 

haw',   m       To  in,. 1. 1    :ni   i  1 1 ;  i  r  t  i  i  ■  1 1 1 .  i » <  ■  sound,  as  in  hesitant, 

haw1,  a.    The  fruit,  of  the  hawthorn.    I  <  AS.  Kagan.] 
haw2,  n.    An  interjected  utterance  resembling  the  sound 
of  haw. 


I 


I  I 


I 


i.i      6;  I      I;  go,  not,  or,  wtin, 


.174 


II     .  ..     ill    Ml 

.     N       I 


ln-W 


t<>»k 


li  i><  k    .  r  . 

1 


i  III.  h; 


ln.k  I 

II        I 
I 

la  h»»k  >< 

ln«  k    Inc. 
I 

'- 

b  >»  k 


ii  i 


■ 


.    xir  John 

h»»se'.|iiile",  -, 
I  <   ( 

\  thorny  shrub 
■thorn).] 
Vith.mi.  I 

or  the  lik>-.  cut  and 

. .  In  the  Held. 

ha)    Int. 
ha]    loft, 

ha>  'mak'.-r.  I 

I. 
In)    Hi"  •> 

Mi  |    -.  .  .1.  I .  I 

•  led  Implement 
line  newly  rut  hay. 
.  hit. 

i  ring. 

•.:i.  diplomat, 

i  lr  hi/  Joseph      ;  12   1809).    An 

Kuili.  rfi.nl  Hire hard     1822    1S93).    A 


haw    llmrii. 
II  »«    tli..rn.  . 

ha  ■ 
h») 

of  prrpartnc 
barn  or  *tabl 
who  makes  1 

hi 

ire.  a* 


,...,.    .     .••_•.. 

I      M, 

II*)  I 

hu'jrl. 


M>. 
ha'/'  I.  . 

dark'br' 


in  Haiti. 

I.I.  hazard; 

II.        I .  .  ire  i«.  the 

danger, 
he  Incur- 

meed :  In 
of  a  Mm  r- 
trcumatancea  t«. 

i  rmlnable  future 

Involving 
haz'ard- 

.  ,/    .,  r<l-.  .ii  -- 1. 

hi/  i  r. 

the  air.  often 

lii/'\. 
:  confuw  nu  See  THICK.      ha/'- 

l-in  -«,  n 

I.  Wood  of  haze]; 

II.  A  small  tret  of  the  oak  family, 


■  dible  nul      I  ■     \  liaael.] 

li  i  ;.  l-iuii    .         i  '..  nul  of  the  hu  hi  lib 

ii  u  mi .  William    1778    1880)      in  i  n- 

I  critic 
ii    it    <    .  i  li.  ii.  M..  abbr. 

ii<. 
h   ■    i  .  1 1  . '..   i  .  ..iii- 

ni.  .1.  '  hiiki..  Hand  I  ercl 

h.  .  i  him,  m.  pi.; 

i  mi  in  or   i  in  hi-.  BOM     pi.;   rni  \i.  ../■/     ;./  |      I.  Tl in> 

■  d;  the  mnlc  person,  animal,  or  thing  undor- 
8.  \n\  pel  ion  indefinitely     I  •     \s  hi  | 
li    I  . 

h.  e„  i       Hie  et  (thla  I 

ii.  .  Helium 

I,.  id«f,]  1. 1.   1. To  be  ii  the  bead  ol   be 

in  .1  .    .  '  ii  get  ahead 

8.  To  liirni  lh  «  i  'ill  off 

the  hi  i.,  in  ,i,|     ||. ,     To  moi  a  foi  ward  in  a 

given  direction:  oometoahead;  originate;  spring,    s.vn.: 

PR]  .11.1. 

in-. ni,  i         I.  Being  the  head  or  al  the  head;  chief,    'i. 
inii  .  i  Bearing  upon  m  against   the   head;  as.  a  /..</./ 

in-. id.  I.  I  in-  pari  of  the  bods  of  an  animal  thai  oon- 
the  brain  and  the  organs  of  s| ial  sense,  {•Some- 
thing lik.-  nr  analogous  to  the  head  of  an  animal,  a*  in 
shape,  poeil  p,  upper,  or  higher  part  or 
place,  as  the  upper  pan  nr  beginning  ol  a  valley, 
i  be  tore  or  forward  pari,  a  ■  ..f  i 
procession,  column,  eto.  >:<>  Any  rounded  or  principal  pari ; 
or  ear)  '>f  corn;  the  //■</./  <if  a  hammer,  as,  nr 
the  i'  division  of  a  discourse,  composition,  nr 
the  in..-  ■  \  '  Itle  in  a  printed  book,  nr  a  Une  of  t)  pe  .set 
above  the  text  to  which  u  refers;  title,  nr  the  like. 
S.  <  in.-  who  lias  first  rank  or  place;  a  <-lii.-f:  leader; 
commander.  4.  The  position  nr  rank  occupied  by  a 
leader;  front ;  top.  •">• '  ine,  considered  as  a  unit;  a  single 
one;  as,  a  hundred  head  of  sheep:  used  l».ili  as  a  singu- 
lar and  plural.  C.  Successful  progress  nr  opposition; 
headway;  as,  to  make  head.  7.  The  measure  of  stored" 
up  force,  as  of  Bteam.    8.  Cri  .  point . 

:i.  i  lontrol  of  one 'sown  course;  freedom  from  restraint; 
liberty;  license;  as,  give  a  ],.,r-.-  his  /,,  ml.  10.  Tin-  i-ml; 
the  part  forming  the  end;  as,  the  head  ol  a  drum,  11. 
ething  that  grows  or  is  worn  on  the  human  or  animal 
ring  of  fiair  or  the  antlers  of  a  deer. 
12.  The  intellectual  faculties.    (  <  AS.  he&fod,  head.] 

IIEF;  MASTER. 
Iiead'aclic",  n.    A  pain  In  the  head,      head'a"chy,  a. 

head 'cheese"!  ■       \  cheese  like  article  ol  food  made  by 
chopping  and  compacting  portions  ..f  the  feel  and  head  of  a 
ir  swine  with  other  Ingredients.     h.  "dress,  n.    A  cov- 
or  ornament  for  the  bead;  the  hair  as  dressed  In  a  par- 
ticular  way.-  head'ed,a.  Having  or  furnished  with  a  head; 
having  come  to  a  bead      h.  lirsf,  with  the  bead  first;  pre- 
cipitately,    h.  foremost:.--  Ii.gear,  n.    1.  The  parts  of  a 
harness  that  belong  about  the  bead,     'i.  A  bead-dress.    3. 
Naut.  The  running  rigging  of  head-sails.  —  head 'lug,  n. 
thing  located  at  the  head,  as  a  title,     head  'land",  n.  A 
cllfl  projecting  Intothesea.     head 'less,'/,  without  a  bead 
head  'light",  >    A  Hu'it  at  the  front,  as  of  a  locomotive;  also, 
awhlte  liL-iitat  a  moving  steamer's  masthead,     head 'long". 
I.  a.    1.  Precipitate;  Impetuous;  rash.    2.  Descending  pre- 
tely,    Byn.:  see  impetuous.    II.  adv.    Headforemost; 
...  ithout  deliberation;  rashly;  recklessly;  precipitately, 
head  'must",  a    Must  advanced;  foremost,     h.«plece,  </. 
l.    \  piece  of  armor  to  protect  the  head.    8.  A  decorative 
i  at  the  ton  <>f  a  printed  page.    3.  [Colioq.]  The  bead; 
the wll       head'qaar*ters,  n.  rlng.&pl.    Mil.    Theloca- 
mmandlng  officer  In  ramp,  garrison,  etc.     head'- 
■»hip,  n.    The  office  of  a  chief;  authority.     headB'man,  n. 
[-ken,  pi.]    A  public  executioner.— h. «stall,  n.    The  part 
of  a  bridle  that  Qts  over  the  horse's  head.-  head 'stone", 
H  the  bead  of  a  grave;  also,  a  eorner«8tone  or 
head 'strong",  a.    Stubbornly  ii<-nt  on  having 
determined.  Syn.:  see  obstinate. 
h.  itone,  n.     in  Blnglng  nr  elocut Ion,  a  tone  deriving  mm 
nee  from  the  cavities  of  the  bead      h.«volce,  n.    in 
singing  ,,r  elocution,  the  sounds  produced  above  the  chest 
bead 'way",  n.   1.  Forward  motion;  momentum; 
progress     ''..  The  interval  of  runnlng«tlme  between  consec- 
tralns.-  h.swork,    n.     Mental    labor.— head'y,   a. 
[head'i-er;  bxad'i-ebt,  pi.]   1.  Headstrong,    2.  Tending  to 
the  head,  as  liquor.     Syn.:  see  obstinate.— head '1- 
ness, 
head  'er,  1  hed'ar;  2  hecTer,  h.    1.  A  person  who  makes  or 
as  in  barrel«making.    2.  A  single  horse 
u  led  to  help  teams  up  hills.    :i.  A  plunge  or  fall  head  fore- 
as  in  diving.  4.  A  blow  on  the  head.  5.  Th<-  head 
of  Bomething,  as  the  leader  of  a  mob.    6.  One  of  various 
machines  or  tools  for  making,  attaching,  or  removing 


1: d  =  final;    1  =  habit^    aisle;    au  =  owt;    etl;    lu  =  fet(d;    (5hin;    go;    0  =  eing;    <ihin,   this. 
375  2:  wolf,  do;    book,    boot;   full,    r||le,    cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;    ink;    thin,    this. 


haw 
heavy 


heads.    7.  A  brick  or  stone  placed  with  its  end  toward 
the  face  of  a  wall. 
heal,  1  hll;  2  hel,  v.    I.  t.    To  restore  to  health  or  sound- 
ness: reconcile,  as  differenaes;  remedy.     II.  i.    To  be- 
come sound  and  well.      [  <  AS.  h&lan,   <  Ml,   whole.] 
Syn.:  see  recover.  —  heal  'a-bl(ep,  a.— heal 'or,  re.— hear- 
ing, pa.  &  re.  -ly,  adm. 
heald,  1  hlld;  2  held,  re.  [Eng.)  In  weaving,  a  device  for  hold- 
ing and  guiding  the  heddles  in  a  loom.    [=  heddle.) 
health, \  1  helfh;  2  With,  n.    1.  Soundness  of  any  living 
helth8,  )  organism;  also,  physical  condition,  good  or  ill. 
2.  A  toast  wishing  health.    [  <  AS.  hselth,  <  ltdl,  whole.] 
— health'dift",  re.      A  lifting»maehine  for  exercise. — h.» 
officer,  re.  A  quarantine  officer,  an  officer  of  a  health-board,  or 
the  like. — health'ful,  a.    1.  Promoting  health;  salubrious. 
2.  Being  in  health:  properly  healthy.     Syn.:  see  healthy. 
health 'somef  (Archaic),     -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 
health 'y,  1  1  hel£h'i;2helth'y,  a.  [health'i-er;health'- 
helth'y8,  J  i-est.1     1.  Having  health;  sound;  well;  vig- 
orous.    2.  Conducing  to  health :  properly  healthful. 

Syn.:  hale,  healthful,  hearty,  hygienic,  salubrious,  salu- 
tary, sanitary,  sound,  strong,  vigorous,  well,  wholesome. 
Healthy  is  most  correctly  used  to  signify  possessing  or  en- 
Joying  health  or  its  results;  as,  a  healthy  person;  a  healthy 
condition.  Healthful  signifies  promotive  of  health,  tending 
or  adapted  to  confer,  preserve,  or  promote  health;  as,  a 
healthful  climate.  Wholesome  food  in  a  healthful  climate 
makes  a  healthy  man.  With  healthful  are  ranged  the  words 
hygienic,  salubrious,  salutary,  sanitary,  and  wholesome,  while 
the  other  words  are  associated  with  healthy.  Salubrious  is 
always  used  in  the  physical  sense,  and  is  chiefly  applied  to 
air  or  climate.  Salutary  is  now  chiefly  used  in  the  moral 
sense;  as,  a  salutary  lesson.  See  sane. — Ant.:  delicate,  dis- 
eased, emaciated,  exhausted,  failing,  fainting,  fragile,  frail, 
ill,  sick,  unhealthy,  unsound,  wasted,  weak,  worn,  worn 
down,  worn  out.— health '1-ly,  adv.— health  '1-ness,  re. 
heap,  1  hip;  2  hep.  I.1  vt.  To  form  into  a  heap;  fill  heap- 
ing full;  amass.  II.  n.  1.  A  collection  of  things  piled 
up;  a  pile;  mass.  2.  A  large  number;  lot;  crowd.  [< 
AS.  heap,  crowd.] 

Syn.:  accumulation,  agglomeration,  aggregate,  aggrega- 
tion, collection,  drift,  hoard,  mass,  pile,  store.  See  col- 
lection; mass. 

— heap'mealt,  adv.    Confusedly;  in  heaps. — heapt,  pp. 
hear,  1  hir;  2  her,  j).   [heard;  hear'ing.]   1. 1.    1.  To  ap- 
prehend by  means  of  the  ear.    2.  To  attend  to  the  hear- 
ing of;  listen  to;  accord  a  hearing  to.    3.  To  understand 
or  learn  by  listening.     4.  To  accede  to  the  wishes  of; 
regard;  favor;  grant.    II.  i.    1.  To  have  perceptions  of 
sound  through  the  ear.    2.  To  be  told ;  receive  word.    [  < 
AS.  hcran,  hear.)     Syn.:  sec  listen.  —  hear'er,  n. — hear'- 
ing, n.    1.  The  capacity  to  hear.    2.  The  special  sense  by 
which  sounds  are  perceived.    3.  An  opportunity  to  be  heard; 
audience;  Judicial  trial.     4.  The  distance  or  space  within 
which  sound  may  be  heard. — hear 'say",  re.   Common  talk; 
report;  rumor. 
heark'en,  1  htirk'n;  2  hiirk'n,  v.    Same  as  harken. 
Ilearn,  1  hum;  2  hern,  Lafeadlo  (1850-1904).    A  Japanese 

author  and  educator,  of  Irish-Greek  parentage, 
hearse, )  1  hurs;  2  hers.    V.  vt.    To  enclose  in  or  put  on  a 
herse1',  J  hearse.     II.  n.     1.  A  vehicle  for  carrying  the 
•     dead  to  the  grave.     2.  A  bier;  coffin.     [<  L.F  hirpex, 

harrow.) 
heart, )  1  hart;  2  hart,  v.    I.  t.    1.  To  build  with  a  solid 
hart",  )  core.    2.  To  hearten.    II.  i.    To  form  into  a  heart. 
heart, )  1  hart;  2  hart,  re.     1.  The  hollow  muscular  struc- 
hartH,  J  turo  that  propels  the  blood  by  contraction  and 
dilatation.    2.  The  emotional  nature;  feelings;  suscepti- 
bility; tenderness;  sympathy.    3.  Courage;  resolution. 
4.  The  central  or  vital  part  or  interest;  center;  core    5. 
One  of  various  things  like  a  heart.     6.  A  red  heart= 
shaped  figure  on  a  playing=eard;  in  the  plural,  the  suit. 
so  marked.     7.  A  term  of  endearment,  praise,  or  en- 
couragement.   [<  AS.  heorte,  heart.]     heart  'aehe",  n. 
Mental    anguish;    grleT.      heart '=br«'ak",    n.      Deep   grief; 

overwhelming    Borrow.      h.=broaklngf. — h. 'broken,    a. 

Overwhelmingly  grieved,  h.  stricken  ;.  bear! 'burn",  n. 
A  burning  sensation  In  the  esophagus,  due  to  acidity  of  the 
stomach,  heart  'biirn"iiig.  I.  «.  Deeply  felt;  distress- 
ful. II.  »,  1.  Heartburn.  2.  Discontent;  Jealousy;  envy. 
—  h.sdlsease,  re.  Any  morbid  condition  of  the  heart. 
whether  organic  or  sympathetic     heart 'eel,  a.    Having  a 

heart:  chiefly  in  compounds,  heart  'felt",  a.  I  tceply  fell ; 
most  Sincere,  heartless,  a.  Without  heart;  pitiless;  spirit- 
less, -ly,  adv.  -ness,  re.  heart  'rend"lng,  a.  I'.xtremely 
distressing;  dreadful,  hearts'ease",  n.  The  pansy  or  vio- 
let, heart ,'s'sease"}.  h.sshaped,  a  Shaped  like  a  heart; 
oval,  wiih  one  end  oi>tuseiv  pointed  and  the  other  notched. 

— h.s.slck,  n.  Deeply  dlsa ppolnl ed  or  despondent.  Il.« 
sorcf.      h. 'Stricken,  a.     Overwhelmed    with    grief  or    fear. 

— h.  string,  n    A  supposed  nerve  or  tendon  thai  holds  the 

heart  In  place;  hence.  In  the  plural,  the  strongest  feellUKS  »r 


affections.— h.sstruek,  a.  1.  Heart^stricken.  2.  Ineradi- 
cable.—  h.swhole,  a.  Having  the  affections  free;  not  in 
love;  undaunted;  sincere. — h.*wood,  re.  The  hard,  older 
wood  at  the  heart  of  a  tree. — heart'worn",  a.  Worn  with 
care  and  trouble. 

heart  'en,  1  hart'n ;  2  hart'n,  vt.    1.  To  give  heart,  courage, 
or  spirit  to.    2.  To  give  or  restore  fertility  to,  as  land. 
Syn.:  see  encourage. 

hearth,  1  harm  or  hfjrm;  2  harth  or  herth,  re.  1.  The 
floor  of  a  fireplace,  furnace,  or  the  like.  2.  The  fireside; 
home.  [<  AS.  hearth,  hearth.)  Syn.:  see  home. —  hearth '- 
stone",  re.     A  stone  forming  a  hearth;  fireside.     Syn.:  see 

HOME. 

heart 'y,  1  hart'i;  2  hart'y.  I.  a.  [heart'i-er;  heart'i- 
est.]  1.  Proceeding  from  the  heart;  cordial;  heartfelt. 
2.  Full  of  health  and  strength.  3.  Craving  and  supply- 
ing abundant  nourishment;  as,  a  hearty  appetite;  hearty 
food.  II.  n.  [-ies,  pi.]  A  hearty  fellow,  as  a  sailor. 
Syn.:  see  amicable;  friendly;  healthy. — heart'1-ly,  adv. 
— heart 'l-ness,  re. 

heat,  1  hit;  2  het.  Id.  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  or  become  hot, 
feverish,  or  intense;  excite.  II.  n.  1.  A  physical  form 
of  energy  generated  as  by  combustion,  chemical  action, 
or  friction.  2.  The  sensation  produced  by  this  agent; 
state  of  being  hot.  3.  A  single  course  of  a  race.  4.  In- 
tensity; vehemence.  5.  Generative  appetite.  6.  Fer- 
mentation. [<  AS.  hsetu,  <  hat,  hot.)  Syn.:  (verb)  see 
incense:  (noun)  see  warmth.  — heat'er,  re.  One  who  or 
that  which  heats;  specif.,  a  heating=apparatus,  as  a  radiator. 

heath,  1  hith ;  2  heth,  re.  1.  A  low,  hardy  evergreen  shrub. 
2.  Open  land  overgrown  with  heath  or  with  coarse  herb- 
age, f  <  AS.  hseth,  heath.] — heath 'shell",  re.  Same  as 
heather*bell. — h.sbird,  re.  The  heath»grouse. — h.scock, 
n.  The  male  heath=grouse. — h.sfowl,  re.  The  red  grouse  or 
mooMowl. — h.sgrouse,  re.  A  European  grouse  found  in  the 
heath=country  of  GreatBritain,  the  male  (blackcock  or  heath- 
cock)  of  which  is  mostly  black,  with  a  Iyre=shaped  tall. — 
li.dien,  n      The  female  of  the  heath=grouse. — heath's,  " 

hea'then,  1  hi'thn;  2  he' thn.  I.  o.  1.  Unbelieving;  Gen- 
tile; pagan.  2.  Irreligious;  uncultured.  II.  re.  [hea'- 
thens  or,  collectively,  hea'then,  pi.]  One  who  is  not  a 
believer,  as  in  the  Christian  religion;  one  who  is  neither 
a  Christian,  Jew,  nor  Mohammedan;  a  pagan;  Gentile; 
idolater.  [  <  AS.  hxthen,  heathen,  <  hxth,  country.]— 
hea'then-dom,  re. — hea'then-lsh,  a. — hea 'then-Ism,  n. 
— hea'then-lze,  vt.  To  render  heathenish.  —  hea  'the u- 
ness,  re.  [Poet.)  1.  The  state  of  being  heathen.  2.  The 
regions  Inhabited  by  the  heathen,  hea'then-essef  [Ar- 
chaic); he'then-essef.— hea'then-ry,  re.  Heathenism; 
heathendom. 

heath'er,  1  heth'ar;  2  hSth'er,  n.  Heath.— heath 'er« 
bell",  re.  The  belMike  flower  of  the  heather. — heath'er-y, 
a.    Resembling  or  abounding  with  heather. 

heave,)  1  htv;  2  hev,  v.     [heaved  or  hove;  heav'ing.] 

heavp,  J  I.  t.    1.  To  raise  with  effort,  as  something  heavy. 

2.  To  throw  or  cast  forth.  3.  To  cause  to  swell  or  rise. 
4.  To  give  vent  to  with  difficulty.  5.  Geol.  To  fracture 
and  throw  out  of  position,  as  where  a  mineral  vein  is 
thrown  aside  by  a  later  faulWcin.  6.  Naut.  To  move 
into  a  certain  position,  as  an  anchor.  II.  i.  1.  To  rise 
or  swell  up.    2.  To  rise  and  fall  alternately  and  heavily. 

3.  To  pant  from  exertion;  strain;  labor.  4.  To  retch.  5. 
Naut.  (1)  To  push  or  pull:  used  with  at.  (2)  To  move: 
said  of  a  ship.  [<  AS.  habban,  lift.]  Syn.:  see  throw. — 
heav'er,  re.  [waves. 

heave,  n.  A  heaving;  throw;  swell  or  expansion,  as  of 
heav'en,)  1  hcv'n;  2  heVn,  n.  1.  The  place  or  state  of 
hev 'en8,  )  righteous  souls  after  death;  supreme  happi- 
ness. 2.  The  sky.  3.  [II-]  God;  Providence.  [  <  AS. 
heofen,  heaven.]  — heav'en-ly,  a.  Belonging,  relating  to,  or 
suggestive  of  heaven:  celestial.  —  heav'en-ll-ness,  re. — 
heav'en-ly,  adv. — heav'en- ward,  a.  Tending  toward 
heaven.  [horses.     [Pi.  of  heave,  n.\ 

heaves,  1  hlvz;  2  hevg,  re.  pi.     An  asthmatic  disease  of 
hcav'y, )  1  hev'i;  2  hfiv'y,  a.    [heav'i-er;  heav'i-kht]    1. 
hev'y",  (  Hard  to  lift  or  carry;  having  great  weight.     2. 
Like  a  ponderous  or  massive  body;  tremendous;  power- 
ful.   3.  Having  great,  density;  of  concentrated  strength; 

potent.  4.  Having  to  do  with  large  amounts,  &•  In- 
volving much  labor  or  thought.  •>.  Hard  to  bear  or 
sulTer.      7.    Causing    or    feeling    sorrow;    dejected.      8. 

Heavily  laden,    "J.  sluggish  of  mind.    [<AS.  hefig,  < 
iiihhnn,  heave.] 
Syn.:  burdensome,  crushing,  cumbrous,  dull,  grievous. 

Inert,  Oppressive,  ponderous,  slow,  sluggish,  stolid,  stupid, 
weight  v.  See  drowsy;  sad.  Ant.:  airy,  buoyant,  ethereal. 
light,  lively,  subtile,    trilling,    trivial,    volatile. 

heav'l-ly,  OtfP.  1.  Willi  great  Weight  or  burden;  op- 
pressively; also,  densely,  'i-  With  depressing  affliction  or 
mlsfortuiie;    grievously;     tediously.      heav'yt     [Poet.].— 


,  .  i  ,         ,.  ..       ,,     iV;  full,  rOle;   I. lit,  bftrn; 

ii  I  I        •  .  |.i>.  nut.  or,  wAn, 


.178 


- 


ii 
ii 


I  r, 


II     . 


,1.1 

h.   Ii    .  -I  II. I.   . 

■ 

l-,..l-l>. 

II.     I.r  i-l-i .  I     I  ine  proO- 

ri   .  I  111  II.     I.r.i-I-    I  l.  . 

I  II 

I  pis tic    I..    III.     II,  - 

II.  -'  r |.l   .  -  ,,,.   H.  -I.rl.l   - 

■ 

informed 
•  •„•  underworld. 


I,.,  k  I.  . 


I 
■fcarptj    a:. ■:  • '.'.    ..:\.  a-  :i  |»< ,In i<-:il  randidnt,        '.'.    1 

•••k  1  - 
.    r. 

I  I. 

II.  I  ,  some 

Off-,  '.'•  :f)it  llll-h  mi 

hee'ti- 

- 
- 

I|.  .      1,,-i.T.IMI  llee'to- 

sraiiim,  .  In  .     i.-h    i.r  Ii.  ,    t « —  1 1 "  I  r,  .  In  ,     I  ,>-iin-"ter 

-  ■  ,-    ir.  .  ii. ,   to-aU  r.  .  i,  under 

-.rtldi.  .    :    r   making   multiple 


ll..lE. 


bill". 

Inc   M 

I  '-.:»•■-;.  USOB 
r-.,„. 

row". 

■■ 


I. 

II.  \  iiuarrel- 

■if  Troy, 

lllatl.  the 

ing,    (of 

bedt;  ■ 

■  .  ]    I.  t.    To 

hedge'' 

in<iif'- 

li.  prlettl  : .     bedg'er,  ■ 
hedge  '- 

h.    -i  In.,, I. 
.In  Ireland;   a 
.'nail     brownish 
u  frequenu  hedges. 


.  1  li.j'li-k'*;  2  bUgtiog",  'i     1.  \  imall  Old 
unmal   ba>  log   i  be   back   and 

ipini      hwlge'« 

I,,  don*lnm,  I  rd'den-l  im 

I        doclrli f 

i  ireck    philosophers, 
ppua  and  tl 

uro,     nf    whatever 

■     ''•  ' '!■  in.ihi,-..  European  Hedgehog.    '/• 

'  •     .      '  silf-llldul- 

dellght,        htdomai,   take  plea- 

li,  -dnii'lr,  a       hc-doli'lrs,  n        lied  'nn-lst,  n. 

heed.  1  bid;  2  bid     I  .    I  d         To  take  notice  of ;  attend 
i«..  paj  attention.    Bra:  see  i  ^a»;  folloti  ;  uaran 
ii.  i   ireful  attention  or  consideration      [<  AS. 

heed  'fill,  a    attentive   Spru  gee  thought- 

ill         heed 'fill-ly,  ddl        hecd'ful-ness,    n        heed 'less, 

ireless.     Syn  mo;  wpbudbnt;  inattkn- 

ll\l  heed  'less-l)  .  heed  'less-lless,   n. 

heel1.  lhll;2hel,  v.    I.r    I.  To  add  a  heel  to.    S.Toarm 

with  :i  -I'  el  simr,  as  a  fighting rk     ,'!.  'I'.,  seise  by  the 

I.     slang,  i    B  |    To  supply  or  equip,  a-  with 

II.  I  ..  follow  at   (.lie's  heels. 

heel  .    ■    a   i       'I'n  lean,  or  cause  to  lean,  to  on.-    ide; 

■up.    [  <  AS.  In  Man,  tilt  ] 
iii-ei.        rhe  hinder  part  of  the  foot  or.of  a  shoe;  anything 

resembling  tins  in  place  or  position;  tin.  lower  end  "t  a 

rafter;  the  last  pari  "f  a  thing.    (<  AS.  fain,  <  huh, 
heei'er,  n.  1.  [Slang,  U.  §.]  a  disreputable  political 

retainer.    ''.  <>ne  who  heels  shoes,     heel '•tap",  n.     l.A 

thlcknesBOl  leatheron  the  heel  of  a  shoe.   2.  pi.   A  small 

quantity  of  liquor  left  In  a  glass, 
heft    .  1  heft;  2  heft.  r.     I.  1.     1.   [Colloq..  U.  S.)  To  test  the 

weigh!  uf  by  lifting,    2.  [Prov.  Eng.  A  Local,  U.  B.J  To  lift 

up;  heave.     II.  i.    [COllOQ.]   To  Weigh. 

bi  ii  ,  i  1.  [Colloq.]  Weight  2.  [CoUoq.,  U.  S.]  The  bulk 
or  gist  of  a  thing;  major  part.  3t-  The  act  of  heaving.  [< 
hi  itb;  cp.  inn  | 

heft*,        a. handle; haft.    [<  AS.  ha-fi.  handle.] 

be'ge-mo-ny,  1  bI']i-mo-ni  or  hi-Jem'o-ni;  2  hc'iie-mo-ny  or 
hi-k'iin'o-ny,  it.  [-xii'.s!,  pi.)  Leadership,  or  supreme  com- 
mand; political  ascendency  of  a  city.  [<  Gr.  hloemonla,  < 
agO.  lead  1 

fle'gel,  1  hCgel;  2  he/Ml,  Georg  Vi.  F.  (1770-1831).  A 
German  philosopher.— Ile-ge'li-an,  a.  &  n.~ He-gc'll-an- 
Isin,  n. 

heg'l-ra,  1  bej'i-re  or  hi-joi'rs;  2  heg'i-ra  or  he-gl'ra,  n.  A 
Bight;  especially  III-],  tin-  flight  of  Mohammed  from 
M'-kka,  A.  D.  022.  [  <  Ar.  hejira,  departure.]  hej'l-raj. 

II,  i  del-herg,  1  bal'dl-bOrg;  2  bl'dl-berg,  n.     A  university 
.|i   oil, 000)  In  IJadeu,  Germany. 

heifer,  i  l  bef'sr;  2  hef'er,  n.    A  young  cow.    [<  AS. 

Inl  'it  ,  )  huihfore.] 

helgli,  1  hoi;  2  hi,  intcrj.  An  exclamation  Intended  to  attract 
attention,  or  to  encourage,  as  a  racehorse. 

heigh  'iho",  1  hal'-ho";  2  hl'-hO*,  Intcrj.  An  exclamation  of 
hl:  significance,  as  of  weariness,  disappointment,  sur- 
prize,  iii' 

height,  I  1  bait;  2  hit,  n.    1.  Distance  above  a  base;  alti- 

higlit,  j  tinl,-;  ,-livation.  2.  An  eminence.  3.  The  ac- 
ne-; culmination.  [<  AS.  hcdlhu,  <  heath,  high.] 
hlghthl. 

Syn.:  acclivity,  altitude,  elevation,  eminence,  exaltation, 
loftiness.  See  summit.  Compare  high.  —  Ant.:  depression, 
depth,  descent,  lowliness,  lowness. 

height  'en,  i   1  halt'n;    2  hlt'n,  r.  1. 1.  To  Intensify,  enhance; 

hlghl  'en,    )   exalt.    II.  f.    To  be  elevated  or  Intensified. 
Syn.:  elevate,  enhance,  exalt,  lift,  raise,  uplift.    See  a«gha- 
wik;  imkka.sk.  —  Ant.:  abase,  debase,  depress,  deteriorate, 
diminish,  lower,  reduce.         [poet  and  miscellaneous  wrller. 

Ilel'iie,  l  barns;  2  hl'ne,  llelnrleh     lT'.in    1856).    A  German 

liei  'nous,  l  he'n us;  2  he'rn'is,  a.    Extremely  wicked;  atrc- 
[  <   P.  halneux,   <  OF.  hair,  hate.)     Syn.:  see  fla- 
orant;  infamous. 

hel 'nous-ly,  ntlr.—  hel'nous-ness,  n. 

In  i:  .  I  r.  2  i'-r,  n.  One  who  inlerits  or  is  entitled  to  in- 
herit the  property  of  another;  one  entitled  to  succeed  to 
a  deo  ■  ■  d  person's  estate;  ore-  who  or  that  which  suc- 

•  .  ■  'I-  t«.  any  finalities  or  advantages  of  another.  IOF., 
<  L  htrc.s.  heir.)  —  h.  apparent,  one  who  must  by  course  of 
law  become  the  heir  If  he  survives  his  ancestor. — helr'- 
less,  a.  helr'liMim",  n.  1.  Any  movable  chattel  that 
hi  heir.  2.  Any  personal  quality,  endowment, 
or  family  characteristic  Inherited  from  ancestors. — h.  pre- 
sumptive, one  who  Is  at  present  heir  to  another  but  whose 
Claims  may  become  void  by  the  birth  of  a  nearer  relative. — 
heirship,  n.  The  state  or  condition  of  an  heir;  succession 
by  Inheritance,    heir'dom;. 


1:  a  =  final;    1  =  habl*^    aisle;    au  =  o«t;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cTlin;    go;    n  =  sing;    Chin,    this.  Heb. 

377         2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   dil,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.        helter* 


hej  'i-ra,  n     Same  as  hegira. 

Hck'la,  1  hek'la;  2  hek'la,  re.  A  volcano  in  Iceland;  5,110  ft. 
high;  has  had  numerous  eruptions  since  A.  D.  1000.  Hec'- 
lat.  [tem,  under  metric. 

hek'tare,  etc.    Same  as  hectare,  etc.    See  metric  sys- 

hcld,  1  held;  2  held,  imp.  of  hold,  v. 

helet,  n.    Health. 

Hel'e-na,  1  hel'i-ns;  2  hel'e-na,  re.  1.  The  wife  of  Menelaus; 
her  desertion  of  him  for  Paris  caused  the  Trojan  war.  Helen 
of  TroyJ.  2.  Flavia  Julia,  Saint  (247-328).  The  mother 
of  the  emperor  Constantine.  3.  A  city  in  west-central  Mon- 
tana; capital  of  the  State;  pop.  13,000. 

Ilel 'go-land,  1  hel'go-lant;  2  hergo-liint,  re.  A  German  Island 
and  fortress  in  the  North  Sea;  ceded  to  Germany  by  Great 
Britain,  1890;  scene  of  German  naval  defeat,  Aug.  28,  1914. 
Hel'l-go-land;. 

he-li'a-cal,  1  hi-lai'a-kel;  2  he-li'a-cal,  a.  Pertaining  to 
the  sun.  [  <  Gr.  heliakos,  of  the  sun.]  he'li-aej. — he- 
ll'a-cal-ly,  adv. 

hel'i-cal,  1  hel'i-kal;  2  heTi-eal,  a.  Pertaining  to  or 
shaped  like  a  helix. — hel'i-coid,  a.    Coiled  spirally. 

Hel'i-con,  1  hel'i-ken;  2  n?l'i-eon,  re.  Gr.  Myth.  A  mountain 
range  in  Bceotia,  with  famous  fountains;  seat  of  Apollo  and 
the  Muses. — Hel"i-co'ni-an,  a. 

hel"i-cop'ter,  1  hel"i-kep'tar;  2  heTi-cop'ter,  n.  A  fly- 
ing=maehine  sustained  by  propellers  turning  on  vertical 
axes.    hel"i-cop'tret. 

he'li-O-,  1  hl'h-o-;  2  he'li-o-.  From  Greek  helios,  the  sun: 
a  combining  form. — he"li-o-cen'tric,  a.  Having  refer- 
ence to  the  sun  as  a  center.  he"ll-o-cen'trl-cal{.— he '11- 
o-ehrome,  re.  A  photograph  in  natural  colors.  [+  Gr. 
chroma,  color.]— he'li-o-graph,  n.  1.  An  instrument  for 
taking  photographs  of  the  sun.  2.  A  photograph  taken  by 
sunlight.  3.  A  mirror  for  signaling  by  flashes  of  light.— 
he"li-o-graph'ic,  a.— he"li-og'ra-phy,  re.— he"H-o-gra'- 
vure,  re.  Photoengraving,  or  a  print  or  plate  produced  by 
it.  [+  F.  gravure,  <  OHG.  graban,  cut.]— he"II-ora-try, 
n.  Sun=worship.  [+  Gr.  latreia,  worship.]— he"H-om'e- 
ter,  re.  An  instrument  for  the  accurate  measurement  of 
small  angles  in  the  heavens.  [+  -meter.]— he'U-o-scope, 
re.  A  telescope  in  which  the  eyes  are  protected  during  ob- 
servations of  the  sun.  [4-  Gr.  skopeo,  look.]— he'U-o-stat, 
re.  An  instrument  consisting  of  a  mirror  moved  by  clock- 
work so  that  the  rays  of  the  sun  shall  be  reflected  from  It  in  a 
fixed  direction.    [  4-  Gr.  statos,  fixed,  <  hislemi,  stand.] 

He"li-op'o-lis,  1  hi"h-ep'o-lis;  2  he"li-op'o-lis,  re.  1.  An 
ancient  city  in  Egypt.    OnJ.    2.  Same  as  Baalbek. 

he'Ii-o-trope,  1  hi'h-o'trop;  2  he'li-o-trop,  re.  1.  A  shrub 
or  herb,  with  small  white  or  pur- 
plish flowers.  2.  An  instrument  for 
reflecting  the  sun's  rays,  as  in  sig- 
naling. [<  Gr.*-  heliotropion,  sun* 
dial.] 

he'li-o-type,  re.  A  photoengraving 
from  which  impressions  can  be  taken 
by  a  printing=press;  an  impression  so 
taken.  —  be'li-o-type,  a.  he"ll-o- 
typ'lci.— he"li-o-ty-pog'ra-phy,   re. 

1.  A  process  by  which  heliotypes  of  the 
sun  itself  are  obtained.  2.  Photoen- 
graving. [<  heliotype  +  -graphy.] 
— he'li-o-ty"py,  re.  The  process  of 
making  heliotypes. 

he'll-um,  1  hl'h-um;2he'li-um,  re.  A 
chemical  element  found  In  small  quan- 
tities in  the  atmosphere,  in  certain 
minerals,  etc.  See  element.  [<  Gr. 
hllios,  sun.] 

he'lix,  1  hi'hks;  2  he'liks,  re.  [he'lix-es  or  hel'i-ce8,  1 
hell-slz;  2  heTi-ces.,  pi.]    1.  A  spiral,  as  a  screw-thread. 

2.  Anat.  The  recurved  border  of  the  external  ear.  |  < 
Or.>.  helix,  spiral.] 

hell,  |  1  liel;  2tel,n.  1.  The  abode  of  evil  spirits;  infernal 
hel1",  J  regions;  place  of  eternal  punishment,  of  extreme 
torment,  or  of  evil-doing.  2.  Hades.  :t.  A  place  of  evil, 
as  a  gambling-hell;  a  place  of  rejected  things  or  refuse. 
[<  AS.  hell,  prob.  <  hclan,  conceal.]  —  hell'bend"er,  n. 
[U.  s.|  1.  a  large  and  voracious  amphibian  common  in  the 
Ohio  valley  and  very  tenacious  of  life.  2.  [Slang.]  a  drunk- 
en debauch.— hell '•born",  a.  Born  or  conceived  in  hell,— 
b. 'broth,  n.  A  magical  mixture  prepared  Tor  malignant 
purposes,    h. •hound,  n.  a  hound  or  bell;  a  flerce  and  cruel 

pursuer,  bell'ish,  a.  Of  or  like  hell;  diabolical.  Syn.:  see 
infernal.— hcH'lsh-ly,«r/,>.  Iicll'isli-iiess,  n.  h.=klle, 
n.  A  llerce  bird  of  prey;  a  wantonly  malignant  or  cruel 
person. 

Hellas,  l  hel'as;  2  hel'aB,  re.    See  GB1DBCH.     Hel'lesl. 

hel'le-bore,  1  hel'i-bor;  2  heTe-b5r,  n.  A  perennial  her)) 
having  serrated  leaves  and  large  flowers,  the  roots  of 
Home  species  being  cathartic  or  poisonous.  [<  (ir.1'"'' 
AelleboTos,  hellebore.] 

Hel'lene,  1  hel'in;  2  heTen,  n.  A  Greek.  [<Gr.  II el- 
13 


Heliotrope. 


Smoke-helmet 
for  wear  In 
smoky  or 
gaseous  at- 
mosphere. 

,  oxygen«tank; 


lenes,  <  Hellen,  Hellen,  legendary  chief.]  Ilel-le  ul-an . . 
— Hel-len'lc,  a.  Grecian.— Hel 'le-nlsm,  re.  1.  Anything 
characteristic  of  the  Greek  spirit  or  civilization.  2.  Assimi- 
lation of  Greek  speech  or  manners.— Hel'Ie-nlst,  re.  1.  An 
adopter  of  Greek  speech,  culture,  etc.  2.  A  Greek  scholar  — 
Hel"le-nls'tlc,  a.— Hellenistic  Greek,  Greek  containing 
an  admixture  of  Hebrew  and  Aramaic  words  and  idioms, 
used  in  the  Septuagint  and  the  New  Testament.— Hel 'le- 
nize,  vt.  &  vi.'  [nelles:  ancient  Greek  name. 

Hel'les-pont,  1  hel'es-pent;  2  hel'es-p6nt,  re.     The  Darda- 

hell'gram-mite,  1  hel'gram-ait;  2  hel'gram-It,  re.  The  large 
aquatic  larva  of  a  certain  fly,  much  used  as  a  bait  for  black 
bass  and  other  fish. 

hel'li-cat,  1  hel'i-kat;  2  hel'1-cat.  [Scot.]  I.  a.  Scatter- 
brained; flighty.     II.  re.     A  fiendish  person,     bel'll-eale;. 

Iicl-lo ',  1  he-15';  2  he-lo',  inter  J.  A  form  of  familiar  salutation 
especially  used  In  calling  through  the  telephone. 

helm1,  1  helm;  2  helm,  n.  The  steering  apparatus  of  a 
vessel,  especially  the  tiller;  place  of  control  or  responsi- 
bility. [  <  AS.  helma,  helm.] — helms'man,  n.  [-men, 
pi.]  Naut.  A  steersman. 

helm||2,  n.    A  helmet.     [<  AS.  helm,  covering.] 

hel 'met,  1  hel'met;  2  heTmgt,  re.    A  covering  of  defensive 
armor  for  the  head,  or  something  resem- 
bling it  in  shape,  position,  or  function. 
[  <  G.OF  helm.] 

Helm 'hoi tz,  1  helm'holts:  2  helm'holts, 
Hermann  L.  F.,  Baron  von  (1821-1894). 
A  German  physicist. 

hel'mlnth,  1  hel'minth;  2  hel'minth,  re.  A 
worm;  specifically,  a  parasitic  intestinal 
worm.  [<  Gr.  helmins  (helminth-),  worm.] 
— Hel-mln'thes,  re.  pi.  The  entozoic 
worms.— hel-mln'thlc.  I.  a.  1.  Med. 
Worm-expelling.  2.  Pertaining  to  hel- 
minths.   II.  re.    A  vermifuge. 

He"lo"ise',  1  e"lo"Iz';  2  e"lo"i'g',  re.  A  French 
abbess  (1101-1164);  in  early  life  pupil, 
mistress,  and,  later,  wife  of  Abelard. 

Hel'ot,  1  hel'et  or  hl'let;  2  hel'ot  or  he'lot, 
re.     One  of  the  Spartan  bondmen;  [h-j 
any   slave.      [<    Gr.    Helos    (town    of oock  *»  regulating 
Sparta).]— hel'ot-lsm,    re.— hel'ot-ry,   ». ^f<nrtof °*?P? ! £ 

1.   Serfdom.      2.  HelOtS  as  a  Class  screened  out"  et;Vair: 

help1,  1  help;  2hSlp,  v.  l.t.  1.  To  pro- cushion, 
vide  means  or  assistance  for  or  to;  aid; 
assist;  relieve;  succor.  2.  To  change  for  the  better; 
remedy.  3.  To  wait  upon,  as  at  table.  4.  To  hinder 
or  prevent;  refrain  from;  forbear.  II.  i.  1.  To  lend 
assistance;  be  useful.  2.  To  portion  out  food  at  table. 
[  <  AS.  helpan,  help.]     helpef. 

Syn.:  abet,  aid,  assist,  befriend,  cooperate,  encourage, 
foster,  second,  stand  by,  succor,  support,  sustain,  uphold. 
Help  expresses  greater  dependence  and  deeper  need  than  aid. 
In  extremity  we  say  "God  help  me  "  rather  than  "Clod  aid 
me."  In  time  of  danger  we  cry  "help!  help!"  rather  than 
"aid!  aid!"  To  aid  is  to  second  another's  own  exertions.  We 
speak  of  helping  the  helpless,  rather  than  of  aiding  them. 
Help  Includes  aid,  but  aid  may  fall  short  of  the  meaning  of 
help.  In  law  to  aid  or  abet  makes  one  a  principal.  (Compare 
synonyms  for  accessory.)  To  cooperate  is  to  aid  as  an 
equal;  to  assist  implies  a  subordinate  and  secondary  relation. 
One  assists  a  fallen  friend  to  rise;  he  cooperates  with  him  In 
helping  others.  Encourage  refers  to  mental  aid,  as  uphold 
now  usually  does;  succor  and  support,  oftenest  to  material 
assistance.  We  encourage  the  timid  or  despondent,  succor 
the  endangered,  support  the  weak,  uphold  those  who  else 
might  be  shaken  or  cast  down.  Compare  abet;  aid;  pro- 
mote; serve.— Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  hinder. 

— so  help  me  God,  so  may  God  help  me  as  I  speak  the 
truth.— hclp'er,  re.  One  who  or  that  which  helps,  encour- 
ages, or  comforts.  Syn.:  see  accessory;  auxiliary.  — 
help'ful,  a.  Affording  aid:  beneficial.  Syn.:  see  CONVE- 
NIENT; useful. —  help'ful-ly,  adv. — help'fiil-ness,  n. — 
help'hiK,  a.  &  re.-  help'less,  a.  1.  Unable  to  help  one- 
self; feeble.  2.  Beyond  remedy.  3g.  Affording  no  assis- 
tance; incapable  of  helping,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n.  help- 
mate", re.  A  helper;  coworker.  Syn.:  see  associate. 
help 'meet",  re.  One  who  is  fitted  to  help;  a  partner;  com- 
panion; wife. 

help,  //,.  1.  Assistance  afforded  toward  the  promotion  of 
an  object  or  the  attainment  of  an  end.  2.  Remedy  or  re- 
lief; rescue  or  succor.  3.  A  helper.  4.  [Local,  U.  S.]  A 
house-servant.  5.  [Colloo,.]  A  portion  of  footl.  [  <  AS. 
help,   ■     In  I  pan,  help.] 

Syn.:  aid,  assistance,  countenance,  encouragement,  re- 
lief, remedy,  rescue,  succor,  support.     Sec  ADJUNCT.      Ant.: 

discouragement,   embarrassment .   hindrance,   Interference, 

objection,  obstruction,  opposition. 
Hel'slng-fors,  l  bel'sin-fOrs;  2  bel'slng-fOrs,  n.    a  fortified 

city,  capital  of  Finland;  has  university;  pop.  148,000 
hol'tcrsskel'ter,  l  hel'ter  skel'tar;  2  herter*skSl'ter.    I. 

a.    Hurried  and  confused.     II.  n.     Disorderly  hurry.* 


. 


I  in  ,.       i>(.  Ar:  full,  rdl.- :  Lilt.  l>Orn; 

I     i         i      >.   I  -  <\kO.  not.  Or,  «6n,        MH 


l--ph 
l--fi. 


dal. 


\ 

I 

I 

t.    Pi 

Prllrla    l>..roi  in  i 

li.i  in  - 

r.  .rrn . ! 

■  .  n.     The 

blood,     - 
.<  in  .1-1..-1..  fU  i   . 

i<  in   i-pi.   f|>  i. 

Ill    Ml     I- 

\    i-  i    :  I I-  I » I  •  \->     -       hiln"l-plc'- 

r-  i. 

.  illy    four 

lie-mlp'ter.  In  -nilp'li  r-.il, 

!i. -nilp  li  r-iui-.  Iiem'- 

•  .r  of  the 

In  in 'l-M'h>  r  l<  .   -i-i.il.         -  heni"- 


Hemlock 


i  ■<  k.   : 


the 

I,  . 

-I'M 


rtapt.      ii 
ii 


J  h'-rlj  of  the 

afma.  Mood: 
bem"o-glo/bln,  • 

h  ;•■■■■  'or- 
In  III  '  hi  in  '  or- 

m"  or-rliol  '-l.il. 

I  Re- 

'  bleed- 

I.  taJ  herb  of  the 

.:m-<l  from  it, 
olumn. 

n.  og   or  female 

e  the  taa.e.- bemp'en,  a.     Of  or 


1 1 « •  1 1 1 1  > 


i p  Ii  i"  ini>  i     I.  •!    [Bool  ]  Riotous;  n 

ii  \  Ic  person, ic  tor 

f  pi    iw     humor- 

nut  i  ' 

i,.  mp 

In  -in  p»iiii  h",    1    hem's  tidi"; 

l<.  it     To 

»  th  i  ' 

n.  i  he  oi  oamental  iim- 

.  nni  i  •  dge  "i  .i 

ids  by  pulling  out 

• c  i.  tcu  adjoining  it 

and    drawing    together    In 

-i  li  oad  ■  by 

i  itches. 

hen,  1  hen;  2  hen,  »      l.  i  I  ■ 

.    lomi    tiofowl; 

female  bird.   1. />'. 


•  at  the  night- 
shade   family.     hen '.coop". 

n.      A  Cage  or  rrlb  for   conllu- 
Ing     Inns  hen  hawk,     u. 

of     various    hawks    I  hut  '/ 

ipon  poultry,  ae  the  American  red«taDed  bustard.— 
ion  iniss>,  it,  A  man  acting  aa  a  busybody  In  a  woman's 
aftali       in  n  roost,  n,    a  plaoe  where  poultry  roost. 

Hen.,  li).,  abbr.    Henry. 

hence,  I  1  inns;  2  helno,  mh.    1.  Away  from  this  plaoe. 

Dense,  i  'J.  In  the  future.  3.  From  this  cause  or  source; 
otly;  therefore.  |<  AS,  taction,  <  heona, 
Ihiii  r  I  Syti.:  see  THMBMWaBM  hcin-i'"fortli',  adv.  From 
this  time  on  or  forward.     hciicc"for'wardi. 

bench 'nun,  1  hendh'msn;  2  bench/man,  n,    [-hen,  pi ) 

I.  \  servile  agent  or  subordinate.    2||.  A  male  servant 
[  <  AS.  heni/st.  horse,   -4-  man,  man] 

Syn.:  see  accbbbobx. 

hen-dec 'a-,  l  hen-dek's-;  2  hen-dee'a-.  From  Greek  hen&eka, 
eleven:  a  combining  form.- hen-dec 'a-gon,  n.  Qtom  \ 
tit: nr,-.  especially  a  plane  Dgure,  with  eleven  sides  and  eleven 
angles.     [+  Gr.  gOnia,  angle.]  —  ben"de-rag'i>-iial,  a. 

hen-dl'a-dys,  l  ben-dol's-dls;  2  hen-dl'a-dyB,  n.  Rhet.  The 
'  two  words  connected  by  a  conjunction  to  express  t  In- 
same  Idea  as  a  single  word  with  a  Qualifier;  as,  with  might 
and  main,  =  by  main  strength.  [<  Gr.  hen,  neut.  of  heU, 
one,  +  dia.  by,  +  di/oln,  gen.  dual  of  dyo.  two.) 

Hen'gest,  1  nen'ge8t;2jhen'gest,n.  A.  Saxon  chief  <  -488?) 
who  conquered  part  of  England.    Hen'glstJ. 

in  ii  na,  1  hen's;  2  bfin'a,  n.  A  cosmetic  preparation  from  the 
leaves  of  an  Oriental  plant  of  this  name:  used  for  dyeing  the 
finger-nails,  etc.,  a  reddish-orange.    [Ar.l 

Hi •iine"pln',  1  en'pah';  2  en'pun'.  Louis  (1640-17087).  A 
1  lemlsh  Franciscan  missionary  to  Canada,  and  explorer. 

hen'ner-y,  1  hen'ar-i;  2  hen'er-y,  n.  A  place  where  hens 
are  kept, 

lien 'peck"',  1  hen'pek";  2  hen'pek",  vt.  To  domineer 
over;  worry  by  petty  annoyances:  said  of  a  wife  who 
eontrols  her  husband. 

hen'ry1,  1  hen'n;  2  hen'ry,  n.  Elec.  The  practical  unit  of 
self-induction.     [<  Joseph  Henry. ] 

Hen'ry»,n.   1.  One  of  Blghl  kings  of  England;  notably:   (1)  II. 

II.  1133    1  Is'i  i,  a  king  of  England,  the  first  Plantagenet. 
2    II.  I\  ..  ol  Hollnghriike  (1367-1416),  founded  House  of 

Lancai  IE  V.,  of  Monmouth  (1387-1422),  con- 

quered France.     (4)  H.  VIII.,  Tudor  (1491-1647),  threw 
off  the  papal  authority.     '£.  one  of  four  kings  of  France; 
ally  II.  IV.,  of  Navarre,  "the  Great"  (1553-1610), 
founder  of  Uourbon  dynasty;  published  the  Edict  of  Nantes, 
1508       3.    One   of    various   German    kings   and    emperors; 
ii.    II.  IV.,  Holj    Roman   Emperor;  struggle  with 
Pope  Gregory  VII.  (Hlldebrand) ;  did  penance  at  Canossa. 
4.  Joseph  (1700-1878),  an  American  physicist.    5.  Patrick 
170'J;,  an  American  patriot  and  orator;  governor  of 
Virginia. 
henal .  adv.    Hence. 

bent,  1  bent;  2  bent,  vl.  1.  [Prov.  Eng.]  To  turn  up  with 
a   plow.    2f.  To  seize;  receive.— hentt,  n.    A    catch   or 

he-pat'le,  1  In-pat'ik;  2  be-p&t'ie,  a.  Pertaining  to  the 
liver.  [<  Gr.  hipatikos,  <  fiepar  Qiepat-),  liver.]  he- 
pal  'l-cal:. 

in -pat 'l-ca,  1  hi-pat'i-ka;  2  he-pat'l-ca,  n.  Bot.  The  liver- 
leaf  (Anemone  Hepalica,  formerly  Hepallca  triloba),  llv'er- 
wori:. 

Mi -pat 'l-ca;,  1  hi-pat'i-sl;  2  he-pat'1-cC,  n.  pi.  Bot.  A  sub- 
'  moss»llke  plants,  the  liverworts. 

He-pha-s'tus,  1  hi-fes'tns;  2  hc-fes'tQs,  ».  Gr.  Myth.  The  god 
of  fire  and  metallurgy;  the  Roman  Vulcan. 

hept-,      /  1  hept^,  hep'ta-;  2  hept-,  hfep'ta-.     From  Greek 

hep'ta-,  i  hepia,  seven:  combining  forms.— hep'ta-chord,  n. 


1:8  =  final;    l  =  hablt^   aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    rj  =  sing;   thin,  this.  helve 

379        2:  wolf,  dfi;  book,  boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,  burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.        heritor 


A/us.  1.  A  diatonic  octave  without  the  upper  note.  2.  An 
Instrument  with  seven  strings.  3.  The  Interval  of  the  major 
seventh.  [+  Gr.  chorde,  string.) — hep'tad.  I.  a.  Having  a 
combining  power  of  seven;  of  or  belonging  to  a  heptad.  II. 
n.  1.  A  collection  of  seven  things.  2.  Chem.  An  atom,  rad- 
ical, or  element  that  has  a  combining  power  of  seven. — 
hep'ta-glot.  I.  a.  Written  in  seven  languages.  II.  re. 
A  book  In  seven  languages.    [+  Gr.  glotta,  tongue.] 

bep'ta-gon,  1  hep'ta-gen;  2  hgp'ta-g8n,  n.  A  figure  hav- 
ing seven  sides  and  seven  angles.  [  <  Gr.  hepta,  seven, 
+  gonta,  corner.] — hep-tag  'o-nal,  a. 

hep"ta-he'dron,  re.  Geom.  A  solid  bounded  by  seven  plane 
faces.  [+  Gr.  hedra,  side.] — hep-tan  'gu-lar,  a.  Having 
seven  angles. 

hep'tar-chy,  1  hep'tar-ki;  2  hep'tar-cy,  n.  [-chies2*,  pi.] 
1.  A  group  of  seven  kingdoms  or  governments;  specifi- 
cally, the  seven  Saxon  kingdoms  in  England  (5th  to  9th 
century).  2.  Government  by  seven  persons.  [<  Gr. 
hepta,  seven,  +  arche,  rule.] 

hep'ta-teuch,  1  hep'ta-tiflk;  2  hgp'ta-tQc,  n.  The  first  seven 
books  of  the  Old  Testament.  [  <  hepta-  +  Gr.  teuchos,  tool, 
book.] 

her',  1  hur;  2  her,  pron.  Objective  or  possessive  case  of 
she:  used  in  the  form  hers  in  the  predicate  when  the 
noun  is  not  expressed;  as,  this  is  her  book;  this  book  is 
hers.  [<  AS.  hire,  gen.  and  dat.  sing,  of  heo,  fern,  of 
hi,  he.] 

her=f,  pron.    Their. 

her.,  abbr.    Heraldic,  heraldry,  heres  (L.,  heir). 

He'ra,  *  1  hl'ra,  hl'rl;2  he'ra,  he're,  re.    Gr.  Myth.    The  queen 

He 're, )  of  the  gods,  sister  and  wife  of  Zeus;  identified  with  the 
Roman  Juno. 

Her'a-cles, }  1  her'a-kllz;  2  hgr'a-cles,  n.  Gr.  Antig.  Hercules: 

Her'a-kles,  S  the  Greek  name. — Her"a-cle'an,  a. 

Her"a-cll'tus,  1  her"a-klai'tus;  2  h6r"a-cli'tus,  re.  A  Greek 
philosopher  (about  500  B.  C.);  called  "the  Weeping  Philos- 
opher." 

her'aldd,  1  her'ald;  2  heVald,  vt.  To  announce  publicly; 
usher  in;  proclaim.     Syn.:  see  announce;  precede. 

her'ald,  re.  1.  (1)  Formerly,  an  officer  whose  business  it  was 
to  bear  messages,  challenges,  etc.,  from  a  sovereign  or  from 
the  commander  of  an  army.  (2)  In  more  recent  times,  in 
Great  Britain,  an  official  whose  duty  and  profession  it  is  to 
grant  or  record  arms,  trace  and  record  genealogies,  record 
the  creation  of  peers,  etc.  2.  An  official  bearer  of  Important 
tidings;  hence,  any  bearer  of  news.  3.  A  precursor;  har- 
binger.   [<  OHG.LL  harl,  army,  +  wallan,  rule.] 

Syn.:  ambassador,  courier,  forerunner,  harbinger,  pioneer, 
precursor. — he-ral'dlc,  a.  Relating  to  heralds  or  heraldry. 
— her'ald-ry,  n.  1.  The  science  that  treats  of  blazoning  or 
describing  armorial  bearings  and  the  like.  2.  A  coat  of 
arms;  the  symbolism  of  heraldic  bearings. — her 'aid-ship,  re. 
The  office  or  rank  of  a  herald. 

He-rat',  1  hi-rat';  2  he-riit',  re.  A  fortified  city  (pop.  45,000)  of 
W.  Afghanistan;  "key  to  India." 

herb,  1  hurb  or  orb;  2  herb  or  erb,  n.  1.  A  plant  that  dies 
completely,  or  down  to  the  ground,  after  flowering.  2. 
Green  fodder  for  cattle;  herbage.  3.  [Colloq.]  A  herba- 
ceous plant  used  medicinally.  [  <  L.F  herba,  grass, 
herbage.] — her-ba'ceous,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  like  herbs. — 
herb'age.n.  Herbs  collectively;  hence,  pasturage.  —  herb'- 
al.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  herbs.  II.  re.  1||.  A  book  contain- 
ing classifications  and  descriptions  of  plants.  2t.  A  herba- 
rium.— hcrb'al-lst,  re.  One  skilled  In  the  study  of  plants; 
also,  a  dealer  In  herbs,  or  a  botanic  physician. — her-ba'rl- 
um,  re.  [-ri-umsz  or  -ri-a,  pi.)  A  collection  of  dried  plants 
scientifically  arranged;  also,  a  book  or  building  Containing 
such  collection. — herb'a-ry,  n.  [-riesz,  pi.)  A  garden  con- 
taining herbs  only. — her-bes'cent,  a.  Hot.  lferb»llke;  tend- 
ing to  become  herbaceous.  [<  L.  herbescen(t-)s,  ppr.  of  ln-r- 
besco,  grow  green,  <  herba,  grass.]  —  her-blf'er-ous,  a. 
Producing  herbs  or  vegetation. — herb'lst,  re.  A  herbalist. 
— Her-biv'o-ra,  re.  pi.  Mam.  The  herbivorous  ungulates. 
[<  L.  herba,  herb,  +  voro,  devour.] — her-blv'o-rous,  a. 
Feeding  on  vegetable  matter,  as  certain  animals. — hcr'bl- 
vore,  re.    A  herbivorous  animal. — herb'y,  a. 

Her'bart,  1  her-bort;  2  hCr'biirt,  Johann  r'rlcilrlch  (1776- 
1841).    A  German  philosopher.  — Iler-har'll-an,  a. 

Her'bert,  1  hur'bort;  2  hcr'bert,  George  (I5'j:5-1G33).  An 
Kngllsh  clergyman  and  poet. 

Ifer"cu-la'ne-um,  1  hur"klu-ie'ni-um;  2  her"cu-ia'nc-um,  re. 
A  Roman  city  near  Naples,  overwhelmed  by  an  eruption  of 
Vesuvius  In  A.  D.  79;  now  partially  excavated;  manuscripts, 
art,  objects,  etc.,  discovered. 

her-CU'lc-an,  1  har-kiQ'h-an;  2  her-cii'lo-an,  a.  [II-  or  h-] 
like  or  pertaining  to  Hercules;  the  ancient  hero  or 
demigod;  possessing  or  requiring  great  strength;  labo- 
rious; mighty. 

Her'ru-les,  1  hOr'kiu-IIz;  2  her'cu-lcs,  re.  1.  A  mythical  hero 
of  Greece;  type  of  strength  and  endurance.  '£.  As/run.  A 
large  northern  constellation.  3.  [h-]  A  man  Of  great  Size  and 
strength.  Her'a-rlesf;  Her'a-klesf.  — Ilcrrulcs\s=cluh, 
n.    1,  One  of  several  small  trees  or  shrubs,  as  the  prickly  ash. 


the  spikenard=tree,  etc.  2.  A  large  variety  of  the  common 
gourd. 
herd ■',  1  hurd;  2  herd.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  bring  together  into 
a  flock  or  herd;  congregate;  flock  together.  II.  n.  1.  A 
number  of  animals  feeding  or  traveling  together.  2.  A 
crowd  of  people;  rabbi  j;  hence,  the  ignorant  and  unre- 
fined. 3.  A  herdsman.  [<  AS.  hirde,  <  heord,  herd.] 
Syn.:  see  flock;  mob.— herd '*book",  re.  A  record  of  the 
pedigrees  of  cattle  in  important  herds. — herd'ssgrass,  re. 

I.  [Local,  U.  S.]  Redtop.  2.  [New  Eng]  Timothy.— herds'- 
man,  re.  One  who  owns  or  tends  a  herd,  herd 'ert;  herd '- 
man}  [U.  S.]. 

Her'der,  1  her'dar;  2  hgr'der,  Johann  Gottfried  von  (1744- 
1803).     A  German  philosopher,  theologian,  and  poet. 

her'dic,  1  hur'dik;  2  her' die,  re.  [U.  S.]  A  carriage  with 
low=hung  body,  back  entrance,  and  side  seats.  [  < 
Peter  Herdic,  its  Inventor.] 

here,  1  hlr;  2  her,  adv.  1.  In  or  at  this  place.  2.  To  this 
place;  hither.  3.  At  this  point  of  time  or  stage  of  pro- 
ceedings; now.  4.  At  a  place  indicated.  5.  In  the  pres- 
ent life.  [<  AS.  her,  here,  <  V  of  he,  pron.] — here'a- 
bout",  adv.  About  this  place;  in  this  vicinity,  here'a- 
bouts"t. — here-after.    I.  re.    A  future  state  or  existence. 

II.  adv.  At  some  future  time;  also,  from  this  time  forth; 
after  the  present  life. — here  and  there,  in  one  place  and 
another;  so  as  to  be  irregularly  scattered. — here-at',  adv. 
At  or  by  reason  of  this. — here'a-way",  adv.  [Colloq.] 
About  here;  in  this  vicinity. — here-by',  adv.  By  means  or 
virtue  of  this. — here-ln',  adv.  In  this;  in  this  place,  circum- 
stance, etc. — here"in-af'ter,  adv.  In  a  subsequent  part  of 
this  deed  or  contract. — here"in-be-fore',  adv.  In  a  pre- 
ceding part  of  this  document  or  contract. — hcre-in'to§, 
adv.  Into  this.— here-of,  adv.  1.  Of  this;  about  this.  2. 
From  this;  because  of  this. — here-on',  adv.  On  this;  here- 
upon.— here-to',  adv.  To  this  time,  place,  or  end. — here"- 
to-fore'.  I.  re.  Past  time.  II.  adv.  Previously;  hitherto. 
— here"un-to'||,  adv.  To  this;  hereto;  up  to  this  point,  or 
to  this  end  or  result. — here"up-on',  adv.  Upon  or  because 
of  this. — here-with',  adv.    Along  with  this. 

he-red"i-ta-bll'i-ty,  he-red 'l-ta-bl(eP,  etc.  Same  as  heri- 
tability,  etc. 

her"e-dit'a-ment,  1  her"i-dit'a-ment  or  -mant;  2  hgr'e-dlt'a- 
ment,  re.  Law.  Anything  capable  of  being  inherited.  [< 
LL.  hereditamentum,  <  L.  here(.d-)s,  heir.] 

he-red 'i-ta-ry,  1  hi-red'i-te-n;  2  he-rSd'i-ta-ry,  a.  1. 
Law.  (1)  Passing,  capable  of  passing,  or  that  must 
necessarily  pass  by  inheritance,  or  from  an  ancestor,  to 
an  heir.  (2)  Deriving  by  inheritance.  2.  Passing  natu- 
rally from  parent  to  child.  3.  Endowed  with  certain 
qualities  derived  from  an  ancestor. — he-red 'i-ta-rl- 
ly,  adv. 

he-red  'i-ty,  1  hi-red'i-ti;  2  he-r6d'i-ty,  n.  1.  Transmis- 
sion of  physical  or  mental  qualities,  diseases,  etc.,  from 
parent  to  offspring.  2.  The  tendency  manifested  by  an 
organism  to  develop  in  the  likeness  of  a  progenitor.  [  < 
L.  heredila(J,-)s,  heirship,  <  hcrcs  (hcred-),  heir.] 

Her'e-ford,  1  her'i-fard;  2  hgr'e-ford,  re.  One  of  a  breed  of 
cattle,  commonly  red  with  white  points.     Sec  cattle. 

her'e-sy,  1  her'i-si;  2  her'e-sy,  re.  [-siesz,  pi.]  A  doc- 
trinal view  or  belief  at  variance  with  the  recognized 
tenets  of  a  system,  church,  school,  or  party.  [<  Gr. 
hairesis,  school,  <  haired,  take.) — her'e-si-arch,  re.  The 
chief  exponent  of  a  heresy.     Syn.:  see  heretic. 

her  'e-tic,  1  her'i-tik ;  2  heVe-tle,  re.  One  who  holds  a  heresy. 
Syn.:  dissenter,  hereslarch,  nonconformist,  sohlsmatlc 
Etymologlcally,  a  heretic  Is  one  who  takes  or  chooses  his 
own  belief,  instead  of  the  belief  of  his  church;  a  schismatic 
Is  primarily  one  who  produces  a  spilt  or  rent  in  the  church. 
A  heretic  differs  in  doctrine  from  the  religious  body  with 
which  he  Is  connected;  a  schismatic  differs  In  doctrine  or 
practise,  or  In  both.  A  heretic  may  be  reticent,  or  even  silent ; 
a  schismatic  Introduces  divisions.  A  hcrc.siarc/i  is  the  author 
of  a  heresy  or  the  leader  of  a  heretical  party,  and  is  thus 
at  once  a  heretic  and  a  schismatic,    with  advancing  ideas 

of  religious  liberty,  the  odious  sense  once  attached  in  the  e 
words  Is  largely  modified,  and  Inn  lie  Is  often  used  playfully. 
DiSHtntcr  and  nonconformist  are  terms  specifically  applied  to 
English  subjeetswho  hold  themselves  aloof  from  (he  (  'hureli 
of  England.  — he-rct'l-oal,  a.  At  variance  with  or  sub- 
versive of  accepted  views  or  beliefs,    -ly,  adv. 

hcr'l-ot,  1  her'i-at;  2  her'l-ot,  re.  Feudal  Law.  A  tribute  or 
contribution  to  the  lord  of  the  manor  from  the  heir  of  a 
tenant  upon  succeeding  his  father.  [<  AS.  hcregeatu,  < 
here,  army,  +  geatwa,  equipment.) 

her'i-ta-hle, )  1  hert-ts-bl:  2  heVi-ta-bl,  a.    1.  That  can 

her'i-ta-bl1',  )  be  inherited.  2.  Capable  of  inheriting. 
[  <  E  heres,  heir.]— her"l-ta-bll 'l-ty,  re. 

her'i-taRe,  1  her'i-fij;  2  beVi-tag,  n.  An  estate  that 
passes  by  descent;  that  which  is  inherited,  as  a  quality 
or  condition.    [OF.,  ult.  <  L,  hrres,  heir.] 

her'l-tor,  1  ber'i-tor  or  -tor;  2  hcr'i-tor,  n.  Scots  Law.  The 
proprietor  of  a  heritable  thing ;  a  holder  In  a  parish.    [  <  OF. 


llrrUmrf     1    a"..-:  I      ■      l         ..      ■     .  o     ■  »r    A- .     ii      <ft        l.nt,l>Orn; 

,         .       11  i      ii     i      i   .    ii.  ..in.  in.  \m'»h.  m 


-u   tlr, 

lr-11.  II 


nl-j 


II      - 
II.  r     • 


Ill  r    l-lrl  i 

M I  i 

|«-.i- 

• 

- 
|  | 

lit.-  |,ng. 
Ii,  r-maptl    r..-,lll    I,  .  In  r- 

-l-iii.    .       lii  r-nimph  r,. -,11-ni 
i ,  -. 

Iut"- 

Ii,  r   mi  -ii.  u  tl-ral;. 
U-rsi-l) 

1.  Belonging 

air  and 

Hermes  ] 

I  Ii.  rim  llr    .irl. 

.1 

I .  who  abandons 

'-'   . 

h.  r  'mlt-age, 
8. 
-int. 
/•i».    A  mountain  In  N. 
minuted  9.050-9.200  ft.  high.    Ps.  cxxxlll.  3: 


mi   .r.  \  i>opulnr  character  In 

itoh  legend:  sa  I  .  tented  Windsor  Forest  near 

L*  hfr'nl-a.  n.  Pathol.  Protrusion,  as  of 
itestlne.  from  lis  normal  position:  rupture.  [L.]  — taer'- 
1. 

•'■rn'sha.  n.  1.  A  heron,  t.  !/■  r. 
rtpwmtaUon  of  a  heron  or  similar  bird.  [<  OF. 
. 

I ■■!.]    1.  A  man  famed 

inciently,   a   demi- 

:   ■  poem,   play,  or 

-  Iie-ro'lr.   I.  a  .  l.Ite- 

gorous;  venturesome. 

ol  verse 

l  ngllsh  Iambic 

a::., '•  -       Syr..:    -->     BBAYB       1 1 .    •.       I.     \    .•■-■•     yen* 

he-ro'l-cal:. 

il-l>.  lnr'n-ln  ,    .  1.   A  woman  of 

If  char.,  baracter  In  a  story. 

.  or  th>  In  r ' « • —  I -•  1 1 1 ,  I.  icter  or 

ttlaa.     I.  i-.in  i  db;  pki 

r '-hip.  •.  travagant   ad- 

i^'ea. 
eeteas  nf  Aphrodite  at  Sestoe.    See 


1.  "The  Great"   (72   B    C 

;.  tgrlppa  I.      i>  4  i '.  grand- 

-  imarla;  killed 

tgrlppa  ||.       .'    72?     wn  ol 

I 

il .  killed  John  the  Baptist. 

Second  wife  of 
n 

5th  0*0'  II  '  •  ,ry." 

■  '1  long* 

■  'ill'; 

.  r  ■ . r i - r  >  .  -HIES,  pi.)     A  plac 


'      An  Inflammatory 
Misters.     [L.) 
her- 


h'  r-p,  t    P  . 
p*t  'Iwal :.      Iit'i 

-'"I  O-fJ,  -iry,   n. 

.   ~  -loot.]— her"- 

h.  rr.  .  her:  2  her.  n.    A  German  title  of  respectful  address, 

ileal  to  the  I  [G.l 

Herrlr.  tokerl       091-1674).     An  En- 

glish lytic  poet.  Hupcrida. 


Iirr'rlni;.    1  '•      mall   fond-lidi   lrt»- 

Lfa -.an  in  greal  aohoola, 

arm]  I 

H        See  III  11 

ller'w  In  I.  |  I.  Mr  John   Kreilerlrk 

»\  llll.illl  i,  ,ini  v  and  pi. 

I.  Mr  « illi.iiii     1738    1822  .  ■  «..i- 
.   i  ; 
ini".  i  I.    (1)  A  portcullis  \ 

of  chcval-di-frlsc       ''.   A   lattice  or  grating.      I         I 

her-sell  .  fir-self',  pron,    A  reflexive  or  em- 

■  third*peraonaJ  pronoun)  feminine 
In  r  -til p.  i  hnr'ship.  2  btr'ahlp,  n  l.i  attlc»raldlng, 

I  Ing  ort  cattle  tiy  force,  hence,  plunder;  pillage;  waste. 

' .  FT,  army.] 
In Tl."  .  \  hart. 

lien/.  i  herta;  z  berta,  Helnrleb  (1867   1884).    a  Oerman 

fit    and    electrical    Investigator      iieri/'i-au,   a. — 
leri/ian    telegraphy,   wireless    telegraphy.      Hertzian 
waves,  ,  |i  otrle  n 
iiir"/i-ifn-ii'na,   l   her'tee-go-vPna:  2  Png,  n. 

Iler"/i  -v;o-\  In   l-.ni. 

He'sl-od,  l  '  6d,  rt.    A  Greek  didactic  poet  ol 

centurj  u  ('  ;  Worts  and  Day*. 
hi's'l-tatf,  1  hea'i-tet;  2  hfie'i-tat,  ri.    [-tat'to*;  -tat*- 
i\,.|    1.  To  be  uncertain  aa  to  decision  or  action     '!■  Vo 
be  alow  or  faltering  in  speech.    |<  L.  hmsiio',  stick  fas!  1 
Syn.:  see  run  n  mi.  u\..>  a. 

hei  'l-l.in-i') ,  hcs"|-ta'tlon,  n.     1.   The  act  or  manner 

who  heartati  '.'.  \  faltering  In  Bpeech. 

Iies'l-tanee:.  Syn.:  see  DOUBT,  lies'l-tant,  a.  Hesitat- 
ing: vac  nia  n-  in-'i-tant-ly,  mir. 
lie-  'per.  1  heVper;  2  heVper,  n  The  evening  star;  vesper. 
[<  Gr.1, Hetperot,  evening  star.]  Hea'pe-rusi.  Hes-p*'" 
rl-an,  </.    [Poet.]    In  or  of  the  west;  western. 

He  — per'l-des,  1  hcs-per'i-dlz:  2  hes-pcr'l-des,  n.  pi.  dr.  Myth. 

1.  The  four  sisters  who  guarded  the  golden  apples  of  Hera 

(Juno).   2.  The  delightful  garden  of  the  gods  containing  these 

(I...  <  Gr.  Hapertdes,  ■    //,  perot,  evening  star.] 

— Hes"pe-rld  'l-an,  a. 

Iles'se.  1  bee's;  2  hes'e,  n.  A  State  (J.  '.u\i;  s.j  m  ;  pop.  1,282.- 
000)  In  8.  W.  Germany.  Hes'sent  [G.].  Bes'slan.  I.  a. 
<  if  or  pertaining  to  Hesse  or  Its  Inhabitants.  II.  n.  1.  A 
native  or  citizen  of  Hesse.  2.  [Colloq.,  I'.  BJ  A  venal  per- 
son; hireling;  from  the  n  mercenaries  by  the 
British  in  the  American  Revolution.— Hessian  boots,  high 
boots,  tasseled  In  front,  worn  early  In  the  19th  century. — 
Hessian  By,  a  small  blackish  fly  or  midge  Wll  Ii  red  lines  on 
the  upper  surface,  probably  Introduced  Into  America  by  the 
o  troops  during  the  Revolutionary  war. 

best  ,  i  best;  2  best,  n 

hei,  l  hei   2  bit  ;i  Hal.  or  Obs.).  imp.  &  pp.  of  heat,  p. 

bet, a.    [Scot]    Hot. 

Iie-la-'rlsm,  /  1  ln-tTrlzm. -tai'rlzm:  2  he-te'rlsm,  -tl'rlsm.  n. 

bfvtal'rlMii.  j  1.  Promiscuous  concubinage.  Z.  The  theory 
that  this  condition  characterized  all  primitive  society.  [< 
Gr.  hetairtimos,  <  hetaira,  concubine,  fern,  of  hctairos,  com- 
rade. J 

hei  'it-,      )  1  het'er-,  het'ar-o-;  2  het'er-,  hct'er-o-.     From 

lici 'cr-o-,  J  Greek  Asteror,  other,  dlflerent;  combining  forms 
opposed  to  homo-,  -het'er-o-elite.  I.  a.  (/ram.  in- 
nocted  Irregularly.  het"er-o-rllt'lc  or  -l-cal{.  II.  n. 
A  word  that  varies  or  is  Irregular  in  Inflection,  particularly 
a  noun  Inflected  from  more  than  one  stem.  [+•  Gr.  klinO, 
bend  ] 

het'er»o-dox,  1  het'ar-o-deks;  2  blt'Sr-c^dfiks,  a.  At 
variance  with  a  commonly  accepted  doctrine  in  religion. 

[<  Gr.  hcteros,  othei  opinion.]     bet  'cr-o-(loi"y, 

n.     [-iksz,  pi]    The  character  of  being  heterodox;  a  hetero- 
dox doctrine.     Syn.:  see  sect. 
het"er-o-Ke'ne-ous,  1  h«'t"ar-o-jl'ni-us;  2  hSt*5r-o-g6'- 

ne-fjs,  ii.     Consisting  of  dissiniilar  elements  or  ingrcdi- 
[<  Gr.  hi  !•  run,  other,  +  i/'  nos,  kind  ) 
Syn.:  confused,  conglomerate,  discordant,  dissimilar,  min- 
gled, miscellaneous,  mixed,  non>nomogeneous,  unnoinoge- 
,  unlike,  variant,  various.   Substances  ipjite  unlike  are 
hcieri,  each  other.    A/  mixture 

is  one  ,,i  only  unlike  In  kind,  but 

unevenly  distributed;  cement  ;-  composed  ol  subatanc 

as  lime,  sand,  and  clay,  which  are  heterogeneout  as  regards 
•her,  but  the  cement  Is  said  to  be  homogeneous  If  the 
different  constituents  arc  evenly  mixed  throughout,  so  that 
one  portion  of  the  mixture  Is  exactly  like  any  other.    A 
substance  may  fall  of  being  homogeneous  and  yet  not  be 
v  nana.  In  which  case  It  Is  said  to  be  nowhomoceneout 
or  vnhomogeneous;  a  bar  of  Iron  that  contains  flaws,  air- 
bubbles,  etc.,  or  for  any  other  reason  Is  not  of  uniform  struc- 
ture throughout,    tho   no   foreign  substance 
be  mii'il  with  the  iron,  Is  said  to  he  norfhomogencous .     A 
mUceitaneou.s  mixture  may  or  may  not  be  heterogeneous;  if 
the  objects  are  alike  In  kind,  but  dlflerent  In  size,  form,  qual- 
ity, use.  etc..  and  without  special  order  or  relation,  the  col- 
lection is  miscellaneous;  If  the  objects  differ  In  kind,  such  a 


1:8  =  final;    i=hablt£   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  feud;    CTiin;    go;    rj  =  sireo;    thin,   this.     Herkimer 
381     2:  wolf,  do;  book,  boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,  burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.       hierarch 


mixture  is  also,  and  more  strictly,  heterogeneous;  a  pile  of 
unassorted  lumber  is  miscellaneous;  the  contents  of  a  school- 
boy's pocket  are  usually  not  only  miscella?ieous,  but  hetero- 
geneous, as  well.  See  complex. — Ant.:  alike,  homogeneous, 
identical,  like,  pure,  same,  similar,  uniform. 

— het"er-o-ge'ne-ous-ly,  adv.— het"or-o-ge-ne'i-ty,  re. 
The  state  or  character  of  being  heterogeneous;  unlikeness  of 
constituent  parts. — het"er-o-gen'e-sis,  n.  1.  Abiogenesis. 
2.  A  mode  of  reproduction  characterized  by  offspring  differ- 
ing from  the  parent  form,  which  after  some  generations  is 
reproduced. 

het"er-og'y-nous,  a.  1.  Having  the  females  differentiated 
into  sexual  and  neuter  forms,  as  bees,  etc.  2.  Having  the 
females  differing  structurally  from  the  males.  [  <  hetero-,  + 
Gr.  gyne,  woman.]— het"er-o-mor'phic,  a.  1.  Deviating 
from  the  normal  form  or  standard  type.  2.  Entom.  Under- 
going complete  metamorphosis.  •  [  +  Gr.  morphe,  form.] 
het"er-o-mor'phoust.— het"er-o-mor'phisni,  n.  het'- 
er-o-mor"pnyl. — het'er-o-nym,  n.  A  word  spelled  like 
another,  but  having  a  different  sound  and  meaning.  [+  Gr. 
onyma,  name.]— het"er-on'y-mous,  a.— Het"er-op'ter-a, 
n.  pi.  Entom.  A  suborder  of  hemipterous  insects  with  the 
wings  generally  differentiated  into  three  regions;  bugs.  [  + 
Gr.  pteron,  wing.] — hef'er-op'ter,  het"er-op'ter-an,  n. — 
het"er-op'ter-ous,  a. — het"er-os'po-rous,  a.  Bot.  Pro- 
ducing both  large  and  small  spores.  [+  Gr.  spora,  seed.] 
het"er-o-spor  'ic  i  • 

het'man,  1  het'man;  2  het'man,  re.  [-mansz,  pi.]  1.  Rus. 
Hist.  The  title  of  the  general  of  the  Cossacks,  who  was  elected 
annually.  2.  Pol.  Hist.  The  leader  of  an  army.  [Pol.,  <  G. 
hauplmann,  chief  man.] 

bench,  1  hiflH;  2  hflH,  re.  [Scot.]  1.  A  glen  with  rugged  sides;  a 
crag.    2.  A  coal=pit;  a  shaft  in  a  coal=mine.    lieuglit- 

hew,  1  hiu;  2  hu,  vt.  &  vi.  [hewed;  hewn  or  hewed; 
hew'ing.]  To  shape  or  fell  with  blows,  as  of  an  ax; 
hack;  chop;  work  out  laboriously.  [<  AS.  hedwan, 
hew.)    Syn.:  see  cut.— hew'er,  n. 

Hew'lett,  1  hiu'let;  2  hu'let,  Maurice  Henry  (1861-  ). 
An  English  novelist  and  litterateur;  Richard  Yea  and  Nay. 

hex-,      f  1  heks-,  heks'a-;  2  heks-,  hSks'a-.    From  Greek 

hex'a-.  }  hex,  six:  combining  forms. — hex'a-chord,  re.  A 
series  of  six  tones  with  a  half  step  between  the  third  and 
fourth  tones,  and  whole  steps  between  the  others.  [+  Gr. 
chorde,  string.] — hex'ad.  I.  a.  Chem.  Having  a  combin- 
ing power  of  six.  II.  n.  1.  The  number  six;  a  group  or  series 
of  six.  2.  Chem.  An  atom,  radical,  or  element  that  has  a  com- 
bining power  of  six. 

hex'a-gon,  1  heks'a-gon;  2  hfiks'a-gon,  n.  Geom.  A  figure 
with  six  sides  and  six  angles.  [  <  Gr.  hex,  six,  +  gonia, 
corner.] — hex-ag'o-nal,  a. 

bex'a-gram,  re.  Geom.  One  of  various  figures  of  six  lines 
possessing  special  properties.  [<  hex-,  +  Gr.  gramma,  a 
writing.] — hex"a-he'dral,  o.  Having  six  bounding  planes. 
— hex"a-he'dron,  n.  [-dronbz  or -dra,  pi.]  A  solid  bound- 
ed by  six  plane  faces.    [  +  Gr.  hedra,  side.] 

hex-am 'e-ter,  1  heks-am'i-tar;  2  heks-am'e-ter.  I.  o. 
Having  six  metrical  feet  in  a  verse.  II.  n.  Pros.  A 
verse  of  six  feet  or  measures,  especially  the  dactylic 
verse  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  epics.  [  <  Gr.  hex,  six,  + 
melron,  measure.] — hex"a-met'ric,  a.  Composed  of  six 
metrical  feet,    hex-am'e-tralt;  hex"a-met'ri-ealt. 

bex-an 'gu-lar,  a.  Having  six  angles.— hex'a-plar,  a.  Con- 
taining six  versions  in  parallel  columns;  sixfold.  [<  hex-, 
+  Cr.  -ploos,  -fold.] — hex'a-pod,  a.  Having  six  feet.  [  + 
Gr.  pons,  foot.) — hex-ap'o-dous,  a.  —  hex'a-Style,  a.  Arch. 
Having  a  front  with  six  columns,  as  a  temple.  [+  Gr.  stylos, 
column.]—  Hex'a-teuch,  n.  The  llrst  six  books  of  the  Bible 
considered  as  constituting  one  series.  [+  Gr.  teuchos,  tool, 
book.) 

hey,  1  lie;  2  he,  inter}.  An  exclamation  of  surprize,  plea- 
sure, inquiry,  incitement,  etc.  [Cp.  ha,  interj.,  and  HO, 
intcrj.] 

hey'day",  1  he'de";  2  he/da".  I.  re.  The  time  of  greatest 
vitality  and  vigor.  [  <  AS.  hedh,  high,  -f-  dieg,  day.]  II. 
inter}.  An  exclamation  of  surprize,  Joy,  etc.  [<  1).  hct, 
hey,  +  daar,  there.] 

Hey 'wood,  1  hC'wud;  2  hi/wood,  Thomas.  An  English 
dramatist  and  actor  who  lived  about  1645. 

Hez"e-kl'ab,  1  hez'i-kul'a;  2  hez"e-kl'a,  re.  King  of  Judah 
(726-715  B.  C).    2  Kings  xvlll,  1. 

hf.,  abbr.  Half.— hf.  cf.,  abbr.  Half  calf.  — Hg.,  abbr.  [L.] 
Hydrargyrum  (mercury).  —  hg.,abbr.  Hectogram.  II.  <«., 
abbr.  High  German,  ills  (or  Her)  Grace,  Horse  Guards. 
H.  H.,  abbr.  His  (or  Her)  Highness,  Ilis  Holiness  (the 
Pope). — lihd.,  abbr.  Hogshead. — H.  I.,  abbr.  Hawaiian 
Islands. 

hi-a'tUS,  1  hui-e'tus;  2  hi-a'tfis,  re.     [-TUH  or  -TU8-H8,  /»'  I 

1.  A  gap  or  opening;  break;  interruption.    2.  (,'ram.  & 

Pros.    Concurrcnee  of  two  separate  vowels  without  an 
intervening  consonant.     3.  Logic.  A  step  wanting  in  a 
chain  of  proof .    [L.,  <  hiatus,  pp  of  Wo,  gape.] 
Hl"a-wa'tha,  1  bal'[or  hl'le-wfl'ths;  2  hi"l«r  hi"]a-wii'tha,  n. 
A  poem  by  Longfellow,  or  Its  hero,  a  mythical  Indian  prophot. 


hl-ber'nal,  1  hai-bur'nal;  2  hl-ber'nal,  a.  Pertaining  to 
winter;  wintry.    [  <  L.  hibernalis,  <  hierns,  winter.] 

hi'ber-nate,  1  hai'bar-net;  2  hi'ber-nat,  vi.  [-nat'ed"3; 
-nat"ing.]  1.  To  pass  the  winter,  especially  in  a  torpid 
state,  as  certain  animals.  2.  To  pass  the  time  in  seclu- 
sion or  inactivity.  [  <  L.  hibernatus,  pp.  of  hiberno,  < 
hicms,  winter.] — hi"ber-na'tion,  re. 

Hl-ber'nI-a,  1  hai-bur'ni-a;  2  hi-ber'ni-a,  n.  The  Latin  and 
poetic  name  of  Ireland. — Hl-ber'nl-an.  I.  a.  Pertaining 
to  Hibernia  or  Ireland,  or  its  people;  Irish.  II.  re.  A  native 
of  Ireland. — Hl-ber'ni-an-lsm,  re.  An  Irish  Idiom  or  pe- 
culiarity of  speech,  Ui-ber'ni-cisml. — Hl-ber 'nl-clze, 
ft.    To  make  Irish. 

Hl-bis'cus,  1  hai-[or  hi-]bis'kus;  2  hI-[or  hl-]bis'cus,  re.    Bot. 

1.  A  large  genus  of  herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees  of  the  mallow  fam- 
ily, with  large,  variously  colored  flowers.  2.  [h-]  A  plant  of 
this  genus.    [<  L.  hibiscus,  <  Gr.  hibiskos,  mallow.] 

hie'eup,      J)  1  hik'up;  2  hic'up.    I4,  vt.  &  vi.    To  have  the 

hie 'cough,  V  hiccups;  utter  a  hiccup;  to  utter  with  hic- 

hic'cofp,  )  cups.  II.  re.  A  short,  catching  sound  due 
to  spasmodic  contraction  of  the  diaphragm  and  wind- 
pipe.    [Imitative.] 

hie  ja'cet,  1  hik  je'set;  2  hie  Ja'cet.  Here  lies:  Inscribed  on 
tombstones;  hence,  a  tombstone,  or  its  inscription.    [L.] 

hick'o-ry,  1  hik'o-n;  2  hik'o-ry,  n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  An 
American  tree  of  the  walnut  family,  yielding  an  edible 
nut  and  having  hard,  tough,  heavy  wood,  valuable  for 
timber;  also,  its  wood,  or  something  made  of  it,  as  a  walk- 
ing-stick. See  bark  and  leaf.  [Am.  Ind.]  shag'- 
Icirk"!  :  shell  'bark"  ] . 

hick 'up',  vi.  &  n.    Same  as  hiccup. 

hid,  hid 'den.    See  hide1,  vt. 

hi-dal'go,  1  hi-dal'go;  2  hi-dal'go,  re.  A  Spanish  nobleman  of 
the  lower  class.    [Sp.] — hi-dal'ga,  n.  fern. 

hide1,  1  haid;  2  hid,  vt.  &  vi.  [hid;  hid'den  or  hid;  hid'- 
ing.]  1.  To  put  or  keep  out  of  sight.  2.  To  secrete;  dis- 
guise. 3.  To  remove  from  danger.  4.  To  turn  away 
from.    [  <  AS.  hydan,  hide.] 

Syn.:  bury,  cloak,  conceal,  cover,  disguise,  dissemble,  en- 
tomb, inter,  mask,  overwhelm,  screen,  secrete,  suppress,  veil. 
Hide  is  the  general  term,  including  all  the  rest,  signifying  to 
put  out  of  sight  or  beyond  ready  observation  or  approach;  a 
thing  may  be  hidden  by  intention,  by  accident,  or  by  the  im- 
perfection of  the  faculties  of  the  one  from  whom  it  Is  hidden; 
In  their  games,  children  hide  the  slipper,  or  hide  themselves 
from  each  other;  a  man  unconsciously  hides  a  picture  from 
another  by  standing  before  it,  or  hides  a  thing  from  himself 
by  laying  something  else  over  it.  So  a  cloud  may  hide  the 
sun,  or  a  building  may  hide  some  part  of  the  prospect.  As 
an  act  of  persons,  to  conceal  is  always  Intentional;  one  may 
hide  his  face  in  anger,  grief,  or  abstraction;  he  conceals  his 
face  when  he  fears  recognition.  A  house  is  hidden  by  foliage; 
the  bird's  nest  is  artfully  concealed.  A  thing  Is  covered  by 
putting  something  over  or  around  It,  whether  by  accident  or 
design;  It  Is  screened  by  putting  something  before  it,  always 
with  some  purpose  of  protection  from  observation,  incon- 
venience, attack,  censure,  etc.  In  the  figurative  use,  a  per- 
son may  hide  honorable  feelings;  he  conceals  an  evil  or  hostile 
Intent.  Compare  bury;  mask;  palliate.  — Ant.:  admit, 
advertise,  avow,  betray,  confess,  disclose,  discover,  disinter, 
divulge,  exhibit,  exhume,  expose,  lay  bare,  lay  open,  make 
known,  manifest,  promulgate,  publish,  raise,  reveal,  show, 
tell,  uncover,  unmask,  unveil. 

— hid,  pa.  Put  out  of  sight;  secreted;  not  known;  un- 
seen,   hid'den}.    Syn.:  see  mysterious;  obscure;  secret. 

hide2,  vt.    [hid'ed'1;  hid'ing.]    1.  To  whip  with  a  rawhide. 

2.  To  cover  as  with  hide. 

hide1,  n.  The  skin  of  a  largo  animal,  as  an  ox,  especially 
as  material  for  leather.  [<  AS.  hyd,  skin.] — hide'- 
hound",  a.    1.  Affected  with  a  rigid  contraction  of  the  skin. 

3.  Obstinately  fixed  In  opinion;  narrow-minded;  bigoted. 
bide2,  n.  Old  Eng.  Law.  A  measure  of  land,  originally  enough 

to  support  a  family.  [  <  AS.  hid,  portion  of  land,  <  hlwan, 
family.] 

bid'e-ous,  1  hid'i-us;  2  hld'e-iis,  o.     Shocking  or  dread- 
ful, especially  in  looks;  ghastly.    [  <  F.  hideux.] 
Syn.:  see  frightful;  ghastly;  grim. 
—  hld'e-ous-ly,  adv.  —  hld'e-ous-ncss,  n. 

hid'ing1,  n.  The  act  of  secreting,  or  the  state  of  being 
secreted;  concealment. 

hid'ing2,  re.  [Collou.]  A  flogging. 

hie,  1  hui;  2  hi,  vt.  &  vi.  [hied;  hie'ing  or  hy'ing.]  To 
urge  to  action;  hasten;  hurry.     [  <  AS.  higfan,  hasten.] 

hle'land,  blc'land-cr.    See  BIOHLAND,  etc. 

hi'cr-arcli,  1  hai'er-firk;  2  hl'Sr-are,  n.  1.  An  ecclesiasti- 
cal Chief  ruler;  also,  u  lender  of  Celestial  hosts.  2.  Or. 
Anlia.  An  official  who  had  charge  of  the  votive  offerings 
in  a  temple.  [<  Gr.  hieros,  sacred,  f  <ir<-)n>s,  ruler.] 
hl"cr-arch'lc,  a.  hl"er-arch'all;  bl"er-arch'l-call. 
Iil'er-arcb"y,  n.  1.  A  body  of  organized  ecclesiastical 
rulers;  prelatlcal  or  priestly  government.  2.  Biol.  A  series  ol 


I  I  i  i.  .  .1        of.rtr.    full,  rOle;    lull.  ».Orn ; 

Mst.T>  I  ceil.     ,o.  iu'h.  Or,  »6u.    181 


•    n      I.  Wi 


.        ^  i"  ii 


hi    .  r til  |>li    ll  . 


hi    - 


i. 


i 

III    .  r-..|   o-gtal . 

. 
Ill  . 

io'olino.]     1. 
.'.    i  Idle  pro- 

blg'gler, 
I  llclag  In  a  dl 

Hi.  H     lna 

i  :  by  compan- 

ding upward; 

I' 

•  quality:  pre- 
4.  Proud 


-I'll 


or  sharp 
eat.     [  <  AS 


I 

in  ..f  high  In 

■    simply  mea- 

mtrr>'.  leal  dls- 

to  vcrl  leal  dls- 

■  valley 

h  i-  a  relative  term 

rttn  '  urface, 

lr,  eofnparto  lard  .  a 

'<l>jh  at 

1  i  Ight  la  great 
lor  »:.  tree;  a  tall  man;  tall 

Tbat  I*  loll;  ,  height ;  we 

Mm  m  §ptr>-  /  with 

'■e  to  IU  ma.-  which 

It  rmlanl  aoi:. 

. 
than 

'    ■   .     Ill     Hi'-    lllVldleillS 


a.«-rrt)  hUA 

pBTf     i 


III 


ll.lc.V4-, 

llllfh  'I)  . 


may  b<- 

ided,  cic-- 

anotber 

ic",  I  l(       ible  icinli  or  ex- 

II.   <  leiire  h. 

"t  ritual 

I.  a   bird  i! 

■  ■ 

.  erbearlng 
in  which 

tched.    Z. 

I 

ll.    Illllllled. 

IlllCh    lie  --.  | 

gh.     2.   (H-J   A 

'    a   hleh 

hiKh'road",  n.     I.  A 
:^'j<1  or  course.     Syn.: 


h   -c  ii.c.1.      .iii.ni  in  wblob  InatruetlOD  I 

in  tin' null. '  if  learning,     h. •sighted,  a.     Look 

liward;  hence,  supercilious     b.«*plntedi  a      Full  ol 

Kpirit .  iccci  brooking  reatralni      b.  •strong.  ■•     Strung  i"  c 

trained:  hlghl)  sensitive     h.  toned,  a     I.  Ol 

principle*;  honora i.   Having  ■  blgh  pitch.     .'». 

i  irlstocrallo     laablonable     b.  water,  ci 

ilng  ice  blgh  tide  cir  to  its  in r  altitude     b.i 

wrought,  a      I.  Bkllfull)   oi   finely  wrought,     I.   Highly 

onod  [ai  |  iii,:ii  rate;  luxuriously 

high,  Id  a  high  maimer;  td  a  great  altittido;  also, 

blgh 'land,  n.     I.    In  elevation  of  land.    2.  [H-J  pi     A 

blgh  l.iinl-er,  n       I.   A   iiiiiiiii- 

■'..    ii      \  native  <•<  the Boottlab  Highlands;  Gael. 

hlgb  land-man :. 

I  li(lit.  IiIkIiI  ll,  hlicht  'en.  etc.     Same-  as  llnelllT,  etc. 

bight,  l  bait;  2  bit,  ■     [hiobt  or  hot;  biobt,  boti  .  <.r  ■  i < i' - 
1. 1     ll.  (i)  To  oall;  rtami      (2)  i  o  command     It. 
ro  promise     lit.  i.    To  be  named     I      IS  IMUan,  call.] 
hiicii't)  tigirt).   l    iicii'u-ini'ii.  ;j  bl'tytl'ty,  a,  A   inter/ 

Hoity-toity.    hn>  trt) :. 
hlgh'way*i  n.    1.  A  specified  line-  < .f  travel;  public  fAor- 
■.*.    \    oommon   m   open   way  oi   course, 
road;    wat.     high 'way  "man,  n      One  who 
practises  robbery  on  the  highway      Bynj  see  kihiher. 
II.  I.  ii.,  user     His  (or  Her)  Imperial  Highness. 
hike,  1  balk; 2 Mk,    [Prov.  Eng.  A  Local U.  8.]    I.  rt.  Art    I. 

To  Jerk  ecr  tees-c  '{.  Tei  hitch;  work  up.  S.  To  march;  tramp. 
II.  \  weary  jeiiirney  ecu  feint 

hl-hi'ri-oiis,  l  lieii-|..r  hi-]l6'n-os;  2  hi-|»r  hi-]la'ri-us,  a. 
terously  merry;  romping.     rOF.,    <  Qr.1  hilaroe, 

cheerful.]  herby.     bl-la'rl-ouH-ly,  ads. — hl- 

l.iri-t>,  n.    Boisterous  mirth.    Syn.:  see  laughter. 
Bll'de-brand)  1  bil'di-brand;  2  bH'de-brand,  «      The  pcr- 

-ccnai  i.  oryVII,    Hll'de-brand-lnCes, a. 

ItHMlng  , lhll'din;2bll'dlng.    [.a,    Mean: paltry; cowardly. 

II.  r,     a  base  or  cowardly  person;  a  wretch.   (<  AB.hinder- 

ling.)    liU'dcr-lliigt;  bin  'der-llngt. 
hill,  1 1  bil;  2  hll.  I.  vt.  An'.  To  draw  the  earth  abou  or 
hi  I1',  I  over;  !»■  gathered  togethe  r,  as  into  a  hill,    II.  n.  1. 

\    Conspicuous   natural  elevation.      2.    A   .small   heap  'if 

earth  r  J  ed  artificially.    I  <  AS.  /.«//,  hill.]  •  hlU'man, 

\  dweller  in  a  bill-country;   blgblander. — hlU'ock, n. 

ill  lull  .  —  bill 'side",  n.     The  side  of  a  hill;  a  .slope  or 

ground.—  hill 'top",  n.   The  summit  of  a  hill.  —  bill  'y, 

a.     Full  of  hills;  swelling;  rounded,     bll'll-ness,  n. 

Hill.     1.  Ambrose  Powell  (1825   1865),    American  Confed- 

general;  f  *  - 1 1  near  Petersburg,  Va.     2.  James  Jerome 

ls:is    1916).      American  railroad    promoter;  financier;  of 

(  anacllan  birth. 

hilt,  1  hill ;  2  Hll t,  n.    The  handle  and  guard  of  a  sword  or 

dagger.    [  <  AS.  hilt.]— hllt'ed,  a.    Having  a  hilt. 
Iii'liini,  1  bal'ltim;  2  hl'luui,  n.    [BI'LA,  pi.]    I.  Bot.     (l)The 
On  a  seed  Indicating  Its  point  of  attachment.     (2)  The 
nucleus  of  a  starch-grain.    (3)  The  eye  of  a  bean.    2.  Anal. 
The    lB8Ure»Uk<3  Interval  where  duets,  vessels,  and  nerves 
enter  and  leave  an  organ.    (i..|    hl'lust. 
him,  1  him;  2  lilm,  pron.     The  objective  case  of  he.     [< 
it    Ol  hi.  he.] — lllm-sclf ',  pron.     [THEM-SELVE8', 
I.   I  be  Intensive  form  Of  HE.    2.  One's  Individuality. 
II.  I.  M.,  Oe66r.     Ills  cor  Her)  Imperial  Majesty. 
Ill-iii a  la->a,  1    In-ni'Vla-ya;  2  hl-m:i'la-ya,  n       A  mountain 
chain  between  Tibet  and   India;  leunth,  1,500  m.;  highest 
peak.  Mt.  Everest,  2!t,«)2  ft.— Ill-ma'la-yan,  a. 
hind,  1  hoind;  2  hind,  a.     [iiinu'mcjht  or  iiind'er-moht, 

■  ■■  I  ]     Belonging  to  the  rear.     [  <  hinder,  a.] 
hind1,  n.     1.  Tin-  female  of  the-  red  deer  or  stag.    2.  One 

ol  ■■  ariou  ■  fishes     I  <  AS.  hind.] 
hind     ,  n     A  farm«laborer.    [<  AS.  hlna,  <  hlwan,  servants] 
Bind., abbT.    Hindu.  Hindustan,  Hindustani. 
Ilio  eicn-hurg,  1  hln'dcn-bOrg;  2  hln'd6n-burg,  Paul  von 
Itenee  keniiorir  und  von.    a  German  QeloVmarsbal;  drove 
Russians  out  of  Ka-st  Prussia.  1914-1915;  In  command  of 
'  .■  rman  forces  cm  Wi-stern  front,  nils. 
hln'der,  l  bin'dsr;  2  bln'dCr,  vt.  A:  vi.    To  keep  from  or 
delay  in  action;  be  oi  ad  as  a  check.    [  <  AS.  hindrian, 
<  himli  r.  behind.]    Syn.:  baffle,  balk,  bar,  block,  cheek,  clot;, 
counteract,  delay,  embarrass,  encumber,  foil,  frustrate,  ham- 
per, Impede,  Interrupt,  obstruct,  oppose,  prevent,  resist,  re- 
tard. Btay,  Mop.  thwart.    To  hinder  Is  to  keep  from  action, 
proi,'re-s-i,  motion,  or  growth,  or  to  make,   men  anion,  prog- 
ress, moi  Ion,  or  growl  n  late-r  iii  beginning  or  completion  than 
It  would  ot  lee-rwl.se  have  been.  An  action  that  Is  hindered  does 
not  take  place  at  the  appointed  or  appropriate  time;  that 

which  Is  iirnrenled  does  not  take-  place  at  all;  U)  hinder  a  thing 
loni;  enough  may  amount  to  preventing  It.  A  rallroad'traln 
may  be  litmltred  by  a  snow-storm  from  arriving  on  time:  It 
may  by  special  order  be  prevented  from  starting.  To  retard  Is 
simply  to  make  slow  by  any  means  whatever.  To  obstruct 
Is  to  hinder,  or  possibly  to  pnrent  advance  or  passage  by 
putting  Something  in  the  way,  to  oppose  or  rests*  Is  to  hinder, 
or  possibly  to  prevent  by  directly  contrary  or  hostile  action, 
rental  being  the  stronger  term  and  having  more  suggestion 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  o«t;    oil;    10  =  fetid;    cliin;    go;    n  =  aing;    fhin,   this,  hieroglyph 
383    2:  wolf,  do;  bd"bk,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  history 


of  physical  force;  obstructed  roads  hinder  the  march  of  an 
enemy,  tho  there  may  be  no  force  strong  enough  to  oppose 
It.  Compare  conquer;  embarrass;  impediment;  limit; 
obstruct;  prohibit;  restrain;  suspend. — Ant.:  see  syno- 
nyms for  help;  quicken. — Prep.:  Hinder  one  in  his  prog- 
ress; from  acting  promptly;  by  opposition. 

— hln'der-ance,  n.  Same  as  hindrance. — hin'der-er,  n. 

blnd'er,  1  haind'ar;  2  hlnd'er,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  con- 
stituting the  rear.  [<  AS.  hinder,  behind.] — hind'- 
niost.a.  In  the  extreme  rear,  hind'er-niost}. — hind'- 
er-most>nlght",  n.  [Scot.]  Last  night. 

Illn'dl,  1  hln'di;  2  hin'di,  n.  1.  One  of  the  modern  languages 
of  Upper  India,  belonging  to  the  Hindu  class.  2.  A  Hindu: 
the  Arabic  form.    [Hind.  Per.]— Hln'di,  a. 

Illii  'dim,  -Ism,  etc.    Same  as  Hindu,  etc. 

hin'drance,  1  hin'drans;  2  hin'dranc,  n.     The  act  of 
hindering;  also,  an  obstacle  or  check. 
Syn.:  see  barrier;  impediment. 

Hindu,  1  hin'du;  2  hin'du,  n.  1.  A  member  of  the  native 
Aryan  race  of  India;  also,  the  language  of  this  race.  2. 
Any  native  of  India  who  professes  Hinduism.  [Hind. 
Per.] — Hln'du-lsm,  n.  The  popular  religion  of  India,  held 
by  more  than  200,000,000  of  people,  consisting  of  the  ancient 
religion  of  the  Brahmans,  with  an  admixture  of  Buddhism 
and  other  philosophies:  its  supreme  deities  are  the  triad  of 
Brahma,  Vishnu,  and  Siva,  while  numberless  Inferior  divin- 
ities and  natural  objects,  as  trees,  serpents,  etc.,  are  objects 
of  worship. — Hln"du-stan',  n.  India:  the  Persian  name. 
— Hln"du-sta'nl,  n.    The  language  of  India. 

Hin'du sKusli"  Moun 'tains,  1  hin'du»kuSh";  2  hln'du-kush". 
A  range  in  central  Asia;  highest  point  about  25,000  feet. 

binge,  1  hinj;  2  hing.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [hinged;  hing'ing.1 
To  furnish  with  a  hinge;  turn,  as  on  a  hinge;  be  fitted 
with  hinges;  depend;  hang.  II.  re.  1.  A  device  allowing 
one  part  to  turn  upon  another;  also,  a  natural  articula- 
tion; a  joint.  3.  Figuratively,  a  pivotal  point  on  which 
anything  depends  for  its  effect  or  course.  [<  ME. 
hengen,  hang.] — hlnge'sjolnt",  n.  Anat.  A  joint  in  which 
angular  motion  occurs  In  but  one  plane,  as  the  elbow-joint. 

hill 'n j,  1  hin'i;  2  hln'y,  vi.  [hin'nied;  hin'ny-ing.]  To  whin- 
ny; neigh.     [<  L.  hinnio.]  [L.  hinnus,  mule.) 

bin  'n y1,  n.    The  offspring  of  a  stallion  and  a  she  ass.    [  < 

hln'ny2,  re.  [Dial.,  Scot.]  Honey:  a  term  of  endearment. 

bint,  1  hint;  2  hint.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  suggest  indirectly; 
give  a  hint.  II.  n.  A  covert  or  indirect  allusion.  [  < 
AS.  hentan,  seize.]  Syn.:  (verb)  see  allude;  (noun)  see 
suggestion. 

hln'ter-land,  1  hin'tar-land;  2  hln'ter-land,  n.  Land  lying 
behind  a  definite  portion  of  a  seacoast  or  river  shore.    [G.] 

hip1,  1  hip;  2  hip,  vt.  [hipped*;  hip'ping.]  1.  To  fracture  or 
sprain  the  hip  of  (an  animal).  2.  Arch.  To  build  with  a 
hip,  as  a  roof.  3.  In  wrestling,  to  throw  (one's  opponent) 
over  the  hip. 

hip2',  vt.  To  affect  with  hypochondria:  chiefly  in  the  past 
participle,  hlpt. — hlp'plsh,  a.  [Colloq.)  Melancholy; 
low-spirited,  [as  hippety-hop. 

hlp3t,  r(.   [Prov.  Eng.]   To  hop  — hip'diop",  n.  &  adv.   Same 

hip1,  n.  1.  The  lateral  part  of  the  body  between  the  brim 
of  the  pelvis  and  the  free  part  of  the  thigh.  2.  The  hip* 
joint.  3.  Entom.  The  coxa.  4.  Arch.  (1)  The  external 
angle  in  which  adjacent  roof-slopes  meet  each  other. 
(2)  A  truncated  roof  or  gable.  [<  AS.  hype,  hip.]  — 
hlp'sbone",  n.  A  large  irregular  bone  belonging  to  the  pel- 
vis and  forming  the  principal  prominence  of  the  hip.  —  hip* 
Joint,  n.  The  joint  between  the  hip-bone  and  the  thigh* 
bone  or  femur. — hip-root,  n.  1.  A  roof  rising  directly  from 
the  wall-plate  on  all  sides,  and  so  having  no  gable.  2.  A 
short  portion  of  a  roof  over  a  truncated  gable,  hipped 
roofj.  —  hlp=ronfcd,  a.  Having  a  hip-roof.  — hlp=shot,  a. 
Having  the  hip»Jolnt  dislocated;  hence,  lame;  awkward. 

hip2,  n.  The  fruit  of  a  rose,  especially  of  the  dqgrose. 
[<  AS.  hedpe,  dogrose.]  [give  the  signal  for  It. 

hip,  inlerj.    An  exclamation  used  to  Introduce  a  hurrah,  or  to 

Hlp-par'rhus,  1  hi-par'kus;  2  hi-par'eus,  n.  A  Greek  astron- 
omer (about  150  B.  C.). 

Hlp'po,  1  hlp'o;  2  hip'o,  n.  A  city  In  Numidia,  the  residence 
of  St.  Augustine;  now  Bona,  Algiers. 

hlp"po-cam  'pii s,  1  hlp'o-kam'pus;  2  hip'o-eam'pus,  n.  [-pi, 
1 -pal;  2 -pi,  pi.)  (Ir.  Myth.  A  fabulous  sea»moiisler  with  the 
head  and  fore  quarters  of  a  horse  and  the  tall  of  a  dolphin. 
[<  Gr.  hippos,  horse,  +  kampos,  sea-monster.)  hlp'po- 
campi. 

Hlp-por'ra-tes,  1  hl-pok'ra-tlz;  2  hl-poc'ra-tcs,  re.  A  Greek 
physician  (400  357  B.  G);   the  •'Father  of  Medicine." 

Hlp'po-erene,  l  hip'o-krin  or  hip"c-krl'nl;  2  hlp'o-erSn  or 

hlp'o-cre'ne,  n.  dr.  Myth.  The  fount  of  the  Muses,  Sowing 
from  the  side  of  Mt.  Helicon. 

blp'po-drome,  1  hip'o-drOm;  2  Mp'o-drom,  n.  An  an- 
cient race-course  or  modern  circus.  [<  Gr.  hippos, 
horse,  +  dromos,  course.) 

hlp'po-grlf,  1  hlp'o-grlf;2hIp'o-Krif,  re.  Myth.  A  fabled  beast 
With  ttje  bead  and  claws  of  a  griffin  and  the  hoofs  and  tall  of 


a  horse.     [<  Gr.  hippos,  horse,  +  LL.  gryphus,  griffin.) 

hlp'po-grypht.  [of  the  Amazons. 

Hlp-pol'y-ta,  1  hl-pol'i-ta;  2  hi-pol'y-ta,  n.   Myth.   A  queen 
hip-poph'a-gist,   1    hi-pof'a-jist;  I 

2  hi-p6f'a-gist,  re.    An  eater  of  ■ 

horse-flesh.  [  <  Gv.^hippopha- 

gos,  eating  horses,  <  hippos,  horse, 

+   phagein,   eat.) — hippoph'a- 

gus,  re.  [L.)  [-Gi,  pi.]  A  hippopha- 

gist.— hlp-poph'a-gy,  re.    The 

act  or  habit  of  eating  horse-flesh. 
bip"po-pot 'a-mus,     1     hip"o-pet'a 

mus;  2  hip"o-pot'a-mus,  n.  [-esz 

-mi,  pi.]     A  large  amphibious,  short"  , 

legged,  thick-skinned  mammal  hav- 

ing  a  massive  body  and  very  broad 

obtuse  muzzle;  river-horse.     [L.,  < 

Gr.  hippos,  horse,  +  potamos,  river.) 
HI 'ram,  1  hai'ram;  2  hl'ram,  re.     Bib.     King  of  Tyre;  aided 

Solomon  in  building  the  Temple.     /  Kings  v,  1. 
hir'cin(es,  1  hur'sin;  2  hir'gin,  a.    Like  a  goat;  especially, 

having  a  goat-like  smell.     [<   L.  hircinus,    <   hircus, 

goat.)  [Topsyturvy,     hlr'dy-glr'dyt. 

hir'dle-gir'die,  1  hur'di-gur'di;   2  hlr'di-gir'di,  adv.    [Scot.) 
hire,  1  hair;  2  hir.    I.  vt.    [hired;  hir'ing.]    To  contract 

for  the  services  of, 

or  for    the  use  of; 

grant  the  use  of  for 

pay.    II.  re.    Com- 
pensation for  labor, 


Hlppogrif. 


Hippopotamus.     Vno 
II.  re.     One  who  serves  for  or 


services,  etc.  [  < 
AS.  hyr,  <  hyrian, 
hire.)  Syn.:  (verb) 
see  employ;  retain; 
(noun)  see  salary. 
— hire'Iing.  I.  a. 
Serving  for  hire; 
venal.  Syn.:  see  venal. 
only  for  hire. 

hir-sute',  1  hfjr-siQt';  2  hlr-siit',  a.  1.  Having  a  hairy 
covering;  shaggy.  2.  Covered  with  coarse  hairs  or  hair- 
like processes.  [<  L.  hirsutus,  rough.]  —  hir-sute'- 
ness,  re.  {his,  gen.  m.  and  n.  of  he,  he.) 

his,  1  hiz;  2  hig,  pron.     Possessive  case  of  he.     [<  AS. 

Hls-pa'ni-a,  1  his-pe'ni-a;  2  his-pa'ni-a,  re.  Ancient  Latin 
and  present  poetical  name  of  Spain. — Ills-pan 'ic,  a. 

Hls"pa-nlo'la,  1  his"pa-nyo'la;2  his'pa-nyo'la,  re.  [Sp.l  Same 
as  Haiti.  [bristles;  bristly.    [<  L.  hispidns,  hairy.) 

hls'pld,  1  his'pid;  2  his'pid,  a.     Rough  with  stiff  hairs  or 

hiss,  1  his;  2  his.  I',  vt.  &  vi.  To  utter  a  hiss.  II.  re.  The 
prolonged  sound  of  s,  especially  as  an  expression  of  con- 
tempt; also,  any  similar  sound.  [<  AS.  hysian,  hisa  ] 
— hiss'ing,  re.  1.  The  act  of  uttering  a  hiss.  2||.  An  object 
of  scorn  or  contempt. 

hist,  1  hist;  2  hist,  vt.    To  urge  on  by  making  a  hissing  sound. 

hist,  1  hist;  2  hist,  inter  j.    Be  silent!  hush!  hark! 

hist.,  abbr.    Historian,  historical,  history. 

his-tol 'o-gy,  1  his-tol'o-ji;  2  his-tol'o-gy,  n.  The  branch 
of  biology  treating  of  the  structure  of  the  tissues;  micro- 
scopic anatomy.  [  <  Gr.  histos,  web,  +  -logy.]  his"- 
tl-ol'o-gyt.  —  his-tol 'o-glst,  re. 

his'to-ry,  1  his'to-n;  2  his'to-ry,  n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  1.  A 
systematic  record  of  past  events,  especially  of  those  in 
which  man  has  taken  part.  2.  Past  events  in  general, 
considered  as  material  for  record.  3.  Sucli  a  career  as 
would  make  a  complete  story  if  narrated.  4.  A  histor- 
ical drama.    [  <  Gr.  histuria.] 

Syn.:  account,  annals,  archives,  autobiography,  biography, 
chronicle,  memoir,  memorial,  muniment,  narration,  narra- 
tive, recital,  record,  register,  story.  History  is  a  systematic 
record  of  past  events.  Annuls  and  chronicles  relate  events 
with  little  regard  to  their  relative  Importance,  and  with  com- 
plete subserviency  tO  thell  succession  in  time,  Annuls  (I,. 
annus,  year)  are  yearly  records;  Chronicles  (Gr.  Chronos, 
time)  follow  the  order  of  time.  Both  necessarily  lack  em- 
phasis, selection,  and  perspective.  Archives  are  public  rec- 
ords, which  may  be  annals,  or  Chronicles,  or  deeds  (if  i>n>|>- 
erty,  etc.  Memoirs  generally  record  the  lives  of  Individ- 
uals or  facts  pertaining  to  individual  lives,  a  biography 
is  distinctively  a  written  account  of  one  person's  life  and 
actions;  an  autobiography  Is  a  biography  written  by  the  per- 
son whose  life  11  records,  Annals,  archives,  chronicles,  biog- 
raphies, ami  memoirs  and  other  records  furnish  the  materials 
of  history-  History  recounts  events  with  careful  attention  i<> 
their  importance,  their  mutual  relations,  their  causes  ami 

Consequences,  Selecting  and  grouping  events  on  the  ground 

of  interest  or  Importance,    History  is  usually  applied  to  such 
:m  account  of  events  affecting  communities  and  nations,  tho 

sometimes  we  speak  of  the  In  lory  oi   ,i    llngle  eminent    life. 

Compare  record.     Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  motion. 

—  hls-to'rl-an,  n.  1.  One  who  complies  a  history;  a 
Chronicler.      ~.   One   versed    In    hiNlory.      hls-tor'|r,   fl        I 


M«trli.!il.  |  t  i  ■•      oi.flr:  full,  rail- :  but.  Mm] 

I     i  i  I fa,     :i^4 


■J    itnr 

til*- 1 

I 

i  ,i        hl»   in-. .11  i-.  .ii. . 

i 

hiv  in-. .-iii-in. 

hi  i.  II. 

II 

i  blow. 

roko  of 

llll.  h   .  I 

hi.  h  .  i  bitch. 

II  I  .'.  ingled. 

j    r  o 

■ 

till.li.  I 

i  rope,  hook,  or  the 

lin ii  .  r.  I  ird  the 

«pr.i  II  AS 

hinr.  r-i.i '.  hinr- 

liltli   .  r-«  ir.l-    . 

hii  ilii  -  "f  an  ancient 

\.  L".l 
111*  .  .  I.  |lll\  I  H 

re,  a 

lony  of 

tivity.    |  <  AS  hife,  hive.] 

111*.-.  d  fever  with  eruptions  oi 

IVE.] 

H    j  II.  | ...  ,bbr     House ol 

Ml  .  II    M  .  Halleluiah 

1 1  hi  .  H    M.  9.,       -.     Hla 

li...  I  .  •  ■;. 

Iioaj. 
h.i  . 

I.         I.  with  Hi:.-:  hoary.    2. 

II   .        Hoarfrost; 
\S    '..jr.  hoary  ) 

I  ther  and  store 

II.        1.    Thai  wl.ic-li 

AS 

•   '•     '       .-■       -.:..    ••■-■     -■.    -vm--.  (noun)  see  dap; 

ti'.ini'i -r.  ■.      boarding1,  [boarding 

or  aoruniula  irdcd 


mv'is..  ]     To 
II.  n 


1 1 . .  .1  r   f  r . .  - 
I,-  .r    1 , . . ii 

i'l 

l,'..r-.    ! 
Immxv 

n 

tint,    . 


I.  [.]  1         \ 

re  building  i>  in  | 

.  gallery 
I  of  a  medieval  for- 
•'•.  hurdle.] 

•".  n     A  whit-  frost. 

I.  A  wl.it- 

:.rit  family:  used  as  a 

:- 

•    :n  sound;  bav- 

'I  o  make  boarae  or  harsh. 


'  ancient. 

.   h'whit" 
hoar  l-n 

I 
taking  from  the 

Eng.  A 

•  •  'rirV.  upon.     II.  n. 

- 

1  .  i'l"    f,f    a 

I-  :n  r"li"f. 

d  on  the 
llso,  the 
such  a  game.    [For  ittu] 


i  |  \ 

\  I.,    pi. i)     hull    with 

.    .Ill 
Ho'barl  •,  city.  lofTi  pnanla; 

pop   28.000 

II.. I.  i"  -111  i.  Ml  i  n. I.  ii        lllnder- 

llOUl  I      I  [ft  -p. .Int.  T 

Ilobbcn,   i  1 1 i-  \n  i  q. 

Inllstlc  philosopher;  l*trlaihan      llobbes'l-an, 

II..I,    lil-..n 

hob  ill.-,  i  i    i .  ' ■  :.  8   hob  I      I.     I    a  [bob'blkd, 

bob  I  .     |e  m  1 1.1';    i'buno.]     To   hamper   the    free 

|    i  >  ing  ih"  legs;  bopplo;  walk  wil  h  a 
hitch.     II.  n      1.  A  limping  gait      '.'.    \  fettoi  for  the 

3.    In  etnb  u  ra  imcnl .  difficulty     |  •    bop,  i  ] 
bob  iiii-iii--iiu> ".   '.       \n  awkward  stripling      hob'oe- 
de-hoy").     hob 'Die  •skirt",  n     \    Uri  worn  by  women,  so 
made  below  ih"  kme  as  to  permit  1 1 » « -  wearer  t.i  take  only 
short  lu.iriii).  a,  [Prov    Eng.]  Rough;  uneven 

hnirii);.  l  hob'i;  2  hob'y,  n,    [hob'bibb1,  /./  j    I.  Some- 
thing in  which  one  takes  extravagant  inter*    I      '.'.    \ 
hobbyhorse     8,  \n  ambling  nag     |<  OF  hoW.anag.] 
in.iiii)  in.r-i".  "     i.  in  Imitation  none;  rooking  I 
ibsorblng  pursuit;  a hobbj     :t.  \  twcwheelod  vehlele 
propelled  bj  the  feet:  an  old  form  of  velocipede. 
hoiriiN  ,  ri.    [hob'bh  mall  falcon  with  very  long 

.  ii    hotu .  i u . .i .    ■    nofti  r;  see  m ibbt1.] 
Iinii-Liiih'lln,  l   heb-geb'lin;  2  h&b-goblin,   n 
ebievoua  imp;  frightful  apparition;  any  imaginaj  j 
of  terror     8yn.:  see  scabecbow. 
huirii;iil",  l  heb'nel*;2  hob'nal*,  r».    I.  A  nail  foi    tud 
ding  the  soles  of  heavy  shoes.   Zf,  A  lout;  rustic      hob'- 
n.iiliil".  a.    I.  Provided  or  armed  with  hobnails.    '£.  Wear- 
Ing  hobnailed  boots  or  shoes;  olownlsh, 

hull 'noli",    1    Im.Ii'iii.Ii";  2   Ih'.Ii'ii.'.I.",   ri.      [HOB'NOBBl  p" ; 

in .h'ni iii"nt n< .  ]    To  ilrink  together  eonvivially;  !»•  on 

familiar  terms.      [<   AS.  habban,  have,    +■   /iii/i/'.i/.,   ii.il 

Ho'ho-ki  ii.  i  hCbo-ken,  n     a  eltj  In  New  Jer- 

opposite  New  "i  ork  cltj  ;  iH.p.  70,000. 
Hoche,  1  i'i  h  2  0ch   Lasare    1768    1797       V.  French  general; 

commanded  In  the  Vendee  and  against  Austria. 
hock  ,  1  hok :  2  link,  it.   To  disable  by  cutting  the  tendons 

of  tin-  hock ;  hamstring. 
hock1,  n.    1.  The  joint  .>i  tin-  hind  l"i:  in  quadrupeds;  cor- 
nding  to  the  ankle  in  man     Beeillus  under  hobse. 

2.  In  man,  the  back  part  of  the  knee-joint.     [<  AS. 

hoh.  heel.] 
hock2,  a.    Any  white  Rhine  wine;  originally,  that  known 

a~  Hochheimer.     |<  Hochheim,  in  Germany.] 
hock'ey,  1  hek'i;  2  h5k'y,  n.     1.  An  outdoor  game  in 

which  opposing  >i.li-s,  with  curved  bats,  endeavor  to 

drive  a  block  or  ball  into  or  paM  their  opponents'  foal. 

2.  The  curved  bat  used  in  this  game.    (  <  book,  b.j 

bo'cus,    1    ho'kus;  2   hO'CUS,  r(.      [HO'CTJSED'   or   BO'l  ' 

Ho'.  I  --is.,  or  BO'l  i  B-6XNG.]  1.  To  deceive  by  80006  I  nrk  ; 
Impose  upon.  'i.  To  stupefy  by  glvlni;  drugged  drink  :t.  I  o 
add  drugs  to  for  stupefying.    [Alibr.  of  Kin  I  s-i'ocus.] 

bo'CI18>po'Ctl8|  1  hi'.'kus-pr.'kws;  2  lio'cfis=pr/i  lis,  it.      A 

conjurers'  trick;  a  deception.    [A  jugglers  term  coined 

in  imitation  of  Latin.] 
hod,  1  hod ;  2  hod,  n.    A  lonK'handled  receptacle  for  carry- 
aii.l   mortar;  also,  a  coal'scuttlc.      [Var.   of 

iini.ii',  n .]-  liod'>car"rl-er,  n.    liod'inan;. 
Iioil  den,  l  liod'n;  2  hod'n,  a.    [North.  Eng    •'    loot      Dressed 

In  hodden-itray:  rustle.   (   -  hulilm.  pp.  ofn.u.n.l     hod 'din;. 

— hod'dcn=Kra>",  n.    A  coarse  cloth  of  the  natural  color 

of  the  wool:  formerly  worn  by  peasants,    hod 'dent. 
bodge,  1  he];  'Z  hodg,  n.  [Colloq.]  A  rustic;  a  clown.    [Cor.  of 

.''  T .] 

bodge 'podge",  n.  Same  as  hotchpotch.— hodge'^pud'- 
dlriK,  n.     A  pudding  mad"  of  many  mixed  Ingredients. 

ho"dl-er'nal,  1  lio"di-fir'ii;.l;  2  lio'dl-er'nal.  a  '  'I  or  pertain- 
ing to  the  present  ilay.  [<  L.  hodicrnus,  <  /iodic,  <  hoc  die, 
al.l   ot  Media,  this  day.)  [eter. 

ho-dom'e-ter,  1  hf>-dom'i-ter;  2  ho-d6m'e-t5r,  n.    Anodom- 

hoe,  1  ho;  2  ho.    I  boed;  hoe'ino.1    To  use  or 

operate  on  with  a  hoe.    II.  n.    A  flaVbladed  implement 
for  rl'Bfji"g,  scraping,    and   tilling, 
having  in  tie-  simplest  form  a  flat 
and    thin    I  nearly   at   a 

rifht  ant'l"  to  a  long  handle.    [OF.,' 
<  houwan,  cut.]  — 
hoe'. lake",  n      [SO.TJ.8.]    Atblneake 

of  Indian  meal:   originally  baked  on 

a  hoe.  — hoe=down,  n.     [So.  U.  S.]     A         „     ,      „ 

negro  dance;  breakdown  oaruen  tioe. 

llo'fer,  1  hCfsr;  2  lio'ffr.  Andreas  (17R7-1810).  A  Tyrolesc 
patriot;  Insurgent  leader;  executed  by  the  French. 

bog,  1  hon;  2  hoc.  r.  [hogged;  hog'ging.)  1. 1.  1.  To  clean 
(a  ship's  bottom;  under  water.    2.  Naut.  To  break  or  bend 


1:8  =  final;    l  =  hablt^   aisle:    Ml  =  OMt;    ell;    iu  =  feud;    dhin;    go;    Q  =  sing;    fhin,   this.    histrionlO 
385      2:wplf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  holy 


lu  the  middle  like  a  hog's  back,  as  a  ship's  hull.  3.  To  cut 
short  like  hog-bristles,  as  the  hair.  II.  i.  1.  To  droop  at 
both  ends:  said  of  a  vessel.  2.  Manige.  To  hold  the  head 
down  like  a  hog.  [hog,  vt.,  3,  var.  of  hack1,  v.  In  other 
senses,  <  hoo,  n.] 

bog,  n.  1.  An  omnivorous  mammal  having  a  long  mobile 
snout  with  flat  expanded  end  containing  the  nostrils; 
especially,  any  domestic  variety  of  the  wild  boar,  bred 
and  raised  for  its  meat,  called  pork.  2.  Some  animal 
like  the  foregoing,  as  the  peccary,  water-hog,  etc.  3. 
[Colloq.]  A  filthy,  gluttonous  person.  4.  A  long  brush 
for  scrubbing  a  vessel's  bottom.  5.  A  stirrer  in  a  paper- 
pulp  vat. — hog'back",  n.  1.  A  back  like  a  hog's  or  an 
animal  characterized  by  it.  2.  A  sandy  or  rocky  ridge. 
hog's*backl.— hog'backed,  a.— hog'=fleece",  n.  [Prov. 
Eng.]  Fleece  obtained  at  the  first  shearing  of  a  sheep. — 
hog'gtsh,  a.  Like  a  hog.  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. — hog'nut", 
n.  1.  The  nut  of  the  pignut  hickory.  2.  [Eng.]  The  earth« 
chestnut. — hogspeanut,  n.  A  slender  vine  of  the  bean  fam- 
ily bearing  usually  a  one=seeded  pod.  earth=peat. — hog* 
pen,  n.  A  pigsty. — hog's=bane,  n.  The  maple=leaved 
goosefoot,  a  strong=scented  herb  from  2  to  4  feet  high. — 
hog'sspudding,  n.  [Prov.  Eng.)  A  pudding  of  flour,  cur- 
rants, etc.,  stuffed  into  a  hog's  entraii  like  a  sausage. — hog'- 
suck"er,  n.  A  fish  of  the  sucker  family  ranging  from  W. 
New  York  to  Alabama  and  Kansas. — hog'weed",  n.  A 
common  weed  with  small  green  barren  flowers,  blt'ter- 
weed"J;  rag'weed"i. 

Ho'garth,  1  ho'garth;  2  ho'garth,  William  (1697-1764).  An 
English  satirical  painter  and  engraver. 

Hogg,  1  heg;  2  h6g,  James,  "the  Ettrick  Shepherd"  (1770- 
1835).    A  Scottish  poet  and  writer;  The  Queen's  Wake. 

hogs'head,  1  hegz'hed;  2  hog§'h8d,  n.     1.  A  large  cask. 

2.  A  liquid  measure  of  varying  capacity:  in  the  United 
States  and  Great  Britain  ordinarily  63  wine  gallons,  = 
52J  imperial  gallons.     [  <  AID.  oghshoofd,  oxhead.] 

Ho"hen-lln'den,  1  ho'en-lln'den;  2  h5"en-lin'den,  n.  A  vil- 
lage 20  m.  E.  of  Munich,  Bavaria;  French  defeated  Aus- 
trians,  1800. 

Ho'hen-zol'lern,  1  ho'en-tserarn;  2  ho'en-tsofern,  n.  A 
princely  family  of  Germany  from  which  sprung  the  Prussian 
kings  since  1701  and  the  German  emperors  since  1871. 

hoi 'den,  1  hei'dn;  2  hoi'dn.  I.  vi.  To  romp  rudely  or 
indecently.  II.  a.  Inelegant  or  unseemly;  bold.  III. 
n.  A  romping  or  bold  girl;  tomboy.  [<  MD.  heyden, 
heathen.]     hoy  'dent.— hol'[or  boy']den-lsh,  a. 

holsef,  vt.    To  hoist;  lift  up. 

hoist,  1  heist;  2  hoist.  Id.  vt.  To  raise  to  a  higher  position; 
lift  or  heave  up.  II.  n.  1.  A  hoisting=machine;  lift;  the 
act  of  hoisting.  3.  The  vertical  dimension  of  a  flag  or  the 
like,  measured  along  the  pole  or  halyard.  [  <  OD. 
hyssen,  hoist.] 

hoi'ty*toi'ty,  1  hei'ti-tei'ti;  2  hoi'ty=toi'ty.  I.  inter j. 
What  a  pother;  what  now?  II.  o.  Self-important ;  put- 
ting on  airs. 

Hol'bein,  ]  hol'baln;  2  hol'bln,  n.  1.  Hans,  "the  Elder" 
(1460-1524),  a  German  artist.  2.  Hans,  "the  Younger" 
(1497?-1543),  a  German  historical  and  portrait  painter. 

hold,  1  hold;  2  hold,  v.  [help;  held  or  hold'en;  hold'- 
ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  retain  in  any  way  so  as  to  prevent 
movement  or  escape;  keep  in;  bear  up;  restrict;  confine; 
restrain.     2.  To  have  room  or  capacity  for;  contain. 

3.  To  keep  back;  retain;  withhold.  4.  To  keep  as  one's 
own;  possess;  occupy;  have;  maintain  possession  of.  5. 
To  sustain  or  keep  in  position  by  means  of  a  support. 
6.  To  adhere  to,  as  a  judgment  or  opinion;  maintain; 
believe.  7.  To  conduct  as  appointed;  celebrate.  8.  To 
keep  in  reserve.  9.  To  obligate.  II.  i.  1.  To  maintain 
a  grasp;  adhere.  2.  To  remain  firm,  unbroken,  or  un- 
changed. 3.  To  continue;  proceed.  4.  To  have  posses- 
sion. 5.  To  stop;  forbear.  (i.  To  stand  as  a  fact,  rule,  or 
reason.  7.  To  last  or  endure.  [<  AS.  healdan,  hold] 
Syn.:  see  arrest;  embrace;  esteem;  grasp;  have;  inter- 
est; keep;  occupy;  restrain;  retain.  —  hold'er,  n.— 
hold'ing,  n.    A  possession. 

hold1,  n.  1.  The  act  of  holding,  as  with  the  hands;  a 
seizure;  figuratively,  a  controlling  force  or  influence; 
restraint.  2.  A  place  to  grasp.  3.  A  place  of  security  ;'a 
fortified  place;  stronghold;  refuge.  4.  The  state  of 
being  held;  possession.  5.  Law.  A  holding  or  tenure: 
in  composition;  as,  copyhold,  freehold.  6.  Mux.  A 
character  (o~l)  signifying  a  pause.  [  <  AS.  hcald,  < 
healdan,  hold.) 

hold2,  n.  The  part  of  a  ship  below  the  deck,  reserved  fur 
(lie  storage  of  ballast,  cargo,  etc.     [<  hole,  n] 

hold'back",  n.  1.  That  which  keeps  back  ;  :i  check.  2.  A 
contrivance  used  in  holding  back,  or  in  backing,  a  car- 
riage, as  a  strap  attaching  tin'  breeching  to  the  thill. 

hold'fast",  n.  1.  That  by  which  something  is  held  in 
place.    2.  Something  to  cling  to;  a  support. 


hole,  1  hoi;  2  hoi,  n.  1.  A  cavity  extending  into  any  solid 
body;  a  pit;  hollow;  cave.  2.  An  aperture  or  oriiice; 
perforation.  3.  An  animal's  burrow  or  den.  4.  Hence,  a 
vile  place;  also,  a  place  of  hiding.  5.  [Colloq.]  A  di- 
lemma.    [  <  AS.  hoi,   <  helan,  hide.] 

Syn.:  aperture,  bore,  breach,  cave,  cavern,  cavity,  chasm, 
concavity,  den,  dent,  dungeon,  excavation,  gap,  hollow, 
indentation,  kennel,  lair,  notch,  opening,  orifice,  perfora- 
tion, rent.  A  hole  is  an  opening  in  a  solid  body;  it  may  ex- 
tend entirely  through  the  body,  forming  a  passageway,  or 
only  partly  through  It,  forming  a  cavity,  and  may  be  of  any 
shape,  provided  the  axes  are  not  greatly  unequal.  An  open- 
ing very  long  in  proportion  to  its  width  is  more  commonly 
called  a  crack,  Assure,  silt,  etc.,  or  on  the  surface  of  the  earth 
such  an  opening  is  designated  as  a  chasm,  gorge,  or  ravine; 
a  rent  in  a  garment  is  made  by  tearing,  a  slit  by  cutting.  An 
orifice  Is  the  mouth  of  a  hole  or  tube.  Aperture  is  a  very  gen- 
eral word;  the  crack  of  a  partly  opened  door  is  an  aperture, 
but  not  a  hole.  The  noun  hollow  denotes  a  shallow  concavity 
on  the  outer  surface  of  a  solid,  usually  round  or  oval.  A  dent 
Is  a  depression  on  the  surface  of  a  solid  usually  sharp  or  angu- 
lar, as  If  beaten  in.  A  breach  is  roughly  broken,  generally 
from  the  top  or  edge  down  through  a  wall  or  other  object;  a 
gap  may  be  between  portions  that  never  were  joined.  Com- 
pare breach;  break;  rend. 

holet,  a.    Whole;  entire. 

hol'i-day,  1  hel'i-de;  2  hoi'i-da,  n.  A  day  of  exemption 
from  labor,  of  rest,  or  of  diversion.  [  <  AS.  halig,  holy, 
+  dxg,  day.] 

ho'll-ly,  adv.    In  a  holy  manner;  piously;  sacredly. 

ho'li-ness,  n.  1.  The  state  of  being  holy.  2.  Theol.  Com- 
pleteness of  moral  and  spiritual  purity.  3.  The  state  of 
anything  hallowed  or  consecrated  to  God.  4.  [H-]  A 
title  of  the  Pope.     Syn.:  see  religion;  sanctity. 

Hol'ins-hed,  1  hol'inz-hed  or  -m-sTied;  2  hol'ins-hed  or  -in- 
shed,  Raphael  (  -1580).  An  English  chronicler.  Hol'- 
ings-hedt- 

hoi 'la,  1  hel'a  or  he-la';  2  hdl'ii  or  h6-la',  inter  j.  Ho  there; 
hello.    [<  F.  hola,  <  ho,  ho,  +  la,  there.]    hoi 'lot. 

Hoi 'land,  1  hel'and;  2  hol'and,  n.  1.  See  Netherlands. 
2.  [h-]  Unbleached  linen.  3.  [h-]  pi.  Ardent  spirits,  as 
made  in  Holland;  gin.    Hol'Iand  ginj. 

hol'lo,  1  hel'o  or  he-lo';  2  hfil'o  or  ho-lo',  inter  j.  &  n. 
Same  as  halloo.     hoi 'la  j  ;  hoi  'Ion  j . 

hoi 'low,  1  hel'o;  2  hol'o.  I.vt.&vi.  To  make  or  become 
hollow.  II.  o.  1.  Having  a  cavity  or  hollow  scooped 
out;  sunken.  2.  Empty;  vacant;  sounding  like  the  re- 
verberation from  an  empty  vessel  or  cavity;  deep;  mur- 
muring. III.;/  1.  Any  depression  in  a  body;  a  cavity. 
2.  A  valley.  3.  A  tool,  etc.,  for  making  grooves  or  hol- 
lows. [  <  AS.  holh,  hollow.]  Syn.:  see  hole. — hol'low 
heart'ed,  a.     Insincere;  deceitful,    -ness,  n. 

hol'ly,  1  hol'i;  2  hol'y,  n.    1.  A  tree  or  shrub  with  alter- 
nate leaves,  white  flowers,  and  the 
fruit  a  red  berry.    2.  The  holm-oak. 
hol'ly=oak"t.     [<  AS.  holen.] 

hol'ly-hock",  1  hol'i-hok";  2  hol'y- 
hok",  n.  A  tall  biennial  herb  of 
the  mallow  family,  with  large  flow- 
ers of  numerous  shades.  [A1E.  holi, 
holy,  -f-  hoc,  <  AS.  Iioc,  mallow. 

holm1,  1  holm  or  horn;  2  holm  or 
horn,  n.  Low  land  by  a  stream;  an 
island  in  a  river.  [<  AS.  holm, 
Island.] 

holm2,  n.  1.  A  European  evergreen 
oak.  holm'=oak"t.  2.  The  holly. 
[Form  of  holly.] 

Holmes,  1  homz;  2  horns,  Oliver  Wen- 
dell   (1809-1894).     An    American   physician,   poet,   and 
humorist. 

hol'o-,  hoi-,  1  hol'o-,  hoi'-;  2  hol'o-,  luM'-.  From  Greek  holos, 
whole:  combining  forms. — hol'o-caust,  n.  1.  A  sacrifice 
wholly  consumed  by  lire.  2.  Wholesale  destruction  by  lire 
and  sword.  [+  Gr.  kaustos,  burnt.] — hol'o-grapli,  a.  De- 
noting a  document  wholly  in  l lie  handwriting  of  the  person 
whose  name  It  bears.  [  -f  -GRAPH.]  Iiol'o-grapli,  n. — 
hol"o-graph'ic,  a.  boi"o-graph'l-calt.  hol"o-thu'- 
rl-an,  n.  A  sea«cueumber  or  similar  eehinoderm,  [  + 
(!r.  thourios,  rushing.] 

Hol'o-ceiie,  1  hol'o-sin;  2  hol'O-cSn,  ».  Geol.  The  epoch  fol- 
lowing the  Pleistocene  epoch  and  extending  to  the  present 
time.—  Hol'o-ccne,  a.  [HELP,  v. 

holpll,   liolp Vii   .    1    liolp,   holp'n;  2   holp,   holp'n,    tmp,   of 

lliil'sleln,  1  hOI'staln;  2  bol'stln,  ».     1-  See  SCHLESWIO*HOL- 

stein.    2.  One  of  a  breed  of  cattle  from  Schleswlg«Bolstein, 

valued  for  both  beef  and  milk.    ll<»rstcln=Frle"slant. 

hoi's  tor,  l  bol'stsr;  2  hol'stSr,  n,  A  leather  pistol'caee. 
[<  i).  hoUter.]  [hollct- 

holt,  1  holt;  2  holt,  «.     1.  A  WOOded  hill.     2.  A  wood.     |AS.i 
ho'ly,  1  ho'h;  2  ho'ly,  a.    [uo'li-er;  ho'li-est.]    1.  iVi- 


American  Holly. 


bol)  till 


v       i         i         .         .         i  i  .•      «>'.  fir:  full,  rflrte;  bot,  bftiUj 

.  .         .  .1        i  i  0,  not,  or,  won,    :ts(i 


n.ii,.  ni 


in,  i,, i., 

tgnatlng 
r  tin-  Divine  Being. 

.in, ,11. 
unhul- 


II    *.itur,l 
II     -i.lrll 
(.bail  II 


J  ackr 

i 

lliilll   a< 


eMtfhood." 


.         .  Mill'      (M>| 

I,,,  I) -da)  II. 

ii    Uhaet,  Holi  Spirit. 

bol)  "(IihIIo.i  be  Innermost 

l  temple, 

over  thr 

'  liollc  churches. 

>  Sunday. 

.  of  iln-  Trinity.     II. 

Thur«<l.i>  1 

ho  ly-Ude,   •         \    holy    Beoson. 
II    Week 

II.  Writ,  -.i'Hirrs. 

I 

■  i.i-     II.  n    tfaut.  A 

■  ',   a    rope   ::•  ■ 

i.    A  manufacturing  city  in 

;»  r-mill.-,  po| 

I    .  ['AGED;  II'im'- 

II.  n.    1.  Kivi-r- 

'.'.    I  il   Law. 

tenure  by  a  tenant  to  lii^ 

.,]     a    \  OSSa!  J 

•  r.    . 

iiic'liurn.  2  bom/bfli 

irt  with  mineral  springs 

I.  iium'iNi;  )     To 

a  homing 
II.        1 .  Perl  tuning  to 
:  oinl ;  effective; 
III.        I . 

nial  abiding'place.    -l-  I  hi 
■  ii,  plant,  'T  animal 
1.  Any  place  of 
I  \ .  I .  To 

point  intendi  d 
to,  home  ] 
Ide,  habitation,  hearth, 

dwelling. 
are  used  with  little  difference  <>f  meaning  to 
ibltually  lives; 

riling,  came  to 

i  •lie  Of  "I'll 

rably    bo, 
■  be  mire  dwelllng'pUvce; 

.   i  not  l.e  calli 
:m  as  the  homt  of  his 


: 
it 

lion, 
toe  bor:  I 

at   a 
bom. 

lorn      lik,     i 

I 
UoUd      2.  II- 


i  lu  ikrtaa  it.  hwl  bal  hi 

•  ot  real  and  ; 

■  red  through 

r>  'I. 

h.   I,r.  H  .  Mult  Uquoi 

home  less,    a      Having    no 

-■  minding  of  home 
home  1]  .  •   i  i-kh;  iiomk'i.i- 

inpreten- 

t  plain  feature;     3.  Domestic— borne '11- 


neaa,  botne'>madej    i      Ol  bouaohold  oi   domaatlo 

fi  ,,in  factoi  \  or  foreign  make 

I ie  rule.  ii,.  ,,i,|.  i  ii,,;  ;ui,i  ,i, In, in i  .i.  i  iiit:  ,.r  local 

civil  -.iiit,'  bj    legislative  and 
■  .    i  In    people  of  i  bal  pal  t . 

I    UlO    |        ■  ■   '  Mill,   III     Ml      I   . 

II.   ruler,  n        i  Ine    »  |V  -  IUO    rule. 

ii.  run.     I.  in  baaoball,  a  run  in 
maki     i  he  round  of  the  bu  i      ind    con  i 
i  thi   ■,..  ,        %.   \  i  u 
turn  I  home'llck".       Suffer- 

noo  from  home      home'ilckwness,  n 
home 'spun*.     I,  ,,      |.   ( if  domestic   manufactu 
Plain  and  homel)  In  character     II. n     i.i  ibrlo  woven  at 
polished  nisi  ie.     home'stead, 

one;  pennanem  famllj  abode 
home 'ward  i  I     rardhome    home 'wards  t.    hom'- 

init.  a      Readllj  finding  it-*  way  home     homing  iii«< 

con  with  great  powers  of  flight,  and  with  remarkable  ca- 
pacity of  in..  borne  from  great  dlstanoes, used  (or 
conveying  message  <  arrler  pigeon}. 
mVme-fo]  -mn'-loii'a-lli).  l  |.."i  i  op'e-Chi;  2  ho'mo- 
op'a-thy,  -  'i  i  dii  ine  formulated  by 
Hahnemann  (175S  1843)  It  is  founded  on  the  princi- 
ple that  "Mko  cures  like,    and  prescribes  minuted I 

such  medicines  as  would  produce  in  a  health]  pei  ion  the 
Bymptom  i  of  <  he  disea  >e  tteatcd.    |  ,  like, 

liii"ni.-  ,.r  -inn- o-path 'lc,  a,      I. 

Helm:  ".  i  ttremely  small  In  quantity. 

ini"uie-[or  -mil-  o|i'ii-(  iiKi.  „     One  who  advocates  or 

practises  homeopath]      ho'me-[or  -nm- u-path;. 

Moiiier.  i  hO'mar;  3  bO'mer,  n      \  ( ireek  epic  poel  of  about 

the  '.'tii  cent.  B.  C    traditional  author  of  the   Iliad  and 

llo-mer'le.  -l-eal;  ;  llo-luc  'rl-.m  . . 

Iiiiin'l-riili'.  1  I 'i  said;  2  a5m'i  eld,  n     I.  The  killing 

of  any  human  being  by  another.  '•!.  A  person  who  has 
killed  another,  [F.,  <  I.  homo,  man,  (  cstdo,  kill.) 
— boni'l-cC'diil,  a.    -ly,  adv. 

limn  'i-ly,  1  hem'i-h;2  hSm'i-ly,  n.  [-i.iks7-,  pi  \  A  didao- 
tie  discourse,  aa  for  the  expounding  and  application  of 
Scripture,     [<  (!r.  homilia,    <  homilos,  gathering.] 

Iliilll"l-let 'lc  or  -l-cal,  a  llnin"l-lct  'lis,  //.  I  In  I, ranch 
of  rhetoric  th:it    treats  of  the  composition  ami   delivery  of 

sermons,     hom'1-llst,  r>.    a  writer  of  homilies;  one  who 

delivers  homilies  or  preaches  to  a  cungrcgal  ion. 
hoill'l-ny,  1  hem'l-ni,  2  liom'i-ny,  n.      I.    |l      S  ]    Maize, 

hulled  ami  broken,  or  coarsely  ground,     °i.  [w 
r.  s]  Bulled  corn.    S.  [Prov,  Eng.]  Frumenty.    [< 
Am   tad.  avhuminea,  parched  corn.) 
hom'mock,  1  bem'ak;  2  hom'ok,  n.    A  hummock.  —  Iiom'- 
iiuiek-},  a,  [nail  "■ 

Bo 'mo,    1    ho'mo;  2   ho'mo    n.      Man.      [I...  maul      liom'l- 
lio'iuo-,    llolll-,    1    ho'mo-,    hem-;    2    ho'mo-.    horn-.       1  mm 
(ireek    hOtnOS,   same:   combining    forms   opposed    to   hclCTO-. 
ho  mo-gen,  n.     A    homogeneous   structure   or    part. — 
lni"nio-ge-ne 'l-ty,  n.     Identity  or  similarity  of  kind   or 
Structure.      Iio"nio-ge'ne-ous,  a.     1.  I  >f  the  same  composi- 
tion or  structure  throughout.     "*.  <  if  the  same  kind,  nature. 
Uli  another);    like;   .similar.     3.   Alij.    Having   all   lt.s 
terms  of    the  same   degree,   as   an  equation.      [  ■(-  (lr.  genos, 

race.]    bo"nio-ge'ne-al$.    s.vn.:  see  .m.ikk.  —  ho"mo-ge'- 

ne-oiis-ly,     adv.     ho"mo-Ki''iii'-mis-iiess,      n,      lio'ino- 

grapb,n.  a  word  Bpelled  like  another,  bul  of  different  mean- 

d  dertvat  Ion,  as  6a  ii  .  foundat  Ion,  and  base,  wicked. — 

ho",mo-graph'lc,a.-  ho-mol'o-gousto.  Having  a  similar 

structure,    proportion,   value,   or   position;    proportional    to 

each  other;  identical  in  nature,  relation,  or  the  like.  —  hum '- 

o-log,  lioiii'ii-liiKUe,  n.  Something  thai  answers  In  posi- 
tion, proportion,  or  type  to,  or  has  structural  affinity  with, 
something  else.  [<  GT.Tiomologos,  <  homos,  same,  +  lego, 
i  no-naol'o-galt.  -ho-mol'o-gy,  n.  The  state  or 
quality  or  being  homologous;  correspondence  In  structure 
and  properties  Iio"iiio-Iok'I<\  <i.  I.  Oeom.  Designating 
two  Qgures  bo  related  that  either  may  be  the  projection  ol 
the  other  upon  a  plane,    'i.  Relating  to  or  governed  by  ho- 

molo.  inding     In     structure;     homologous. — h(»- 

mol 'o-kIzc,  it   ,v  it.     luim'o-nym,  n.     A  word  sounding 

mother,  but  ol  different  meaning;  as,  read,  and  reed. 

[+    cr.    tmt  hom'o-nyme}.    ho-mon'y- 

moiis,  a.  1.  (if  the  nature  of  a  I  omon.vm;  ambiguous.  'I. 
Indicated  by  the  same  n:i  occupying  the  same 

relation.  Iio-mon'y-ni)',  /;.  Identity  of  sound  or  name 
with  diversity  of  sense;  ambiguity. 

ho"liiii-ii|ra-tliy,  etc.     Sam.    aa  BOHEOPATHT,  etc. 

llo"niol-(iii'slaii,  1  ho'mni-u'sh.in;  2  ho'mol-u'Hhan.  n.  cli. 
Il>  I  One  who,  In  the  Arian  controversy,  maintained  that 
the  Si, n  was  of  like  nature  hut  not  of  the  same  nature  with 
the  Father:  opposed  to  Homoousian.    [<  Gr.  homolos.  like, 

+   oustn.  being. I 
Ho"iiio-ou 's|;iii,  ]  lio'mo-ii'i-'h.-in  ht  hom"o-u'si-Bn'.  2  hii'mo- 
•*>.  m  0T  horn  o-u'si-an.  fl     Ch    Hist.   I  me  who.  In  the  Arian 

controvi  i  held  that  the  Son  was  consubstantlal  with  the 
iather:  opposed  to  HomoiOUSiatl. — Ho"nio-oii'slan.  4 


1:8=  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil:    10  =  feud;    <fhln;    go;    Xt  =  slng;    thin,   this,     holystone- 
387     2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  hooker 


horn  'o-phone,  n.  1.  A  homonym.  2.  A  letter  or  character 
of  the  same  sound  with  another.  [<  homo-  +  phone, 
sound.]— ho-moph 'o-nous,  a.  1.  Phllol.  (1)  Identical  in 
sound,  but  unlike  in  sense.  (2)  Representing  the  same 
sound  or  word  with  another  character.  2.  Mus.  Single* 
voiced. — ho-moph 'o-ny,  re.  1.  Identity  of  sound,  with 
difference  of  meaning.  2.  Mus.  The  condition  or  quality 
of  being  single*voieed. — Ho-mop'ter-a,  re.  pi.  A  suborder 
of  hemipterous  Insects,  including  the  clcadids,  aphids,  etc. — 
[  +  pteron,  wing.]— ho-mop 'ter-an,  n.— ho-mop'ter-ous, 
a. — ho-mos'po-rous,  a.  Bot.  Having  or  producing  asex- 
ual spores  of  one  kind  only.  [<  homo-  +  spore.] — ho- 
mos'po-ry,  re. — ho-mot 'o-nous,  a.  Having  the  same 
sound  or  tone;  hence,  uniform  in  degree.    [+  tonos,  tone.] 

ho-mun'cu-lus,  1  ho-mun'kiu-lus;  2  ho-mun'cu-lus,  n.  1. 
According  to  Paracelsus,  a  tiny  man  produced  artificially 
and  endowed  with  magic  power.  2.  An  undersized  man; 
dwarf;  manikin.  [L.,  dim.  of  homo  (homin-),  man.] — ho- 
mun'cu-lar,  a. 

Hon.,  abbr.    Honorable,  honorary. — Hond.,  abbr.    Honduras. 

Hon 'do,  1  hen'do;  2  hon'do,  n.    Same  as  Honshu. 

Hon-du'ras,  1  hon-du'ras;  2  hon-du'ras,  n.  A  republic 
(46,250  sq.  m.;  pop.  553,000)  of  Central  America.— Bay  of 
H.,  an  inlet  N.  of  Honduras. — Cape  H.,  the  most  northern 
point  of  Honduras. 

hone,  1  hon;  2  hon.  I.  vt.  [honed;  hon'ing.]  To  sharp- 
en, as  on  a  hone.  II.  n.  A  block  of  fine  compact  stone, 
or  the  like,  for  sharpening  edged  tools,  as  razors.  [  < 
AS.  hdn,  stone.] 

hon 'est,  1  en'est;  2  on'est,  a.  1.  Fair  and  candid  in  deal- 
ing with  others;  true;  just;  upright;  trustworthy;  also, 
specifically  of  women,  chaste;  virtuous.  2.  Free  from 
fraud;  equitable;  fair.  3.  Of  respectable  quality  or 
appearance;  creditable;  unimpeached.  4.  Character- 
ized by  openness  or  sincerity;  frank.  [<  L.  honestus, 
full  of  honor,   <  honor,  honor.] 

Syn.:  candid,  equitable,  fair,  faithful,  frank,  genuine, 
good,  honorable,  ingenuous,  just,  sincere,  straightforward, 
true,  trustworthy,  trusty,  upright.  One  who  is  honest  in  the 
ordinary  sense  acts  or  is  always  disposed  to  act  with  careful 
regard  for  the  rights  of  others,  especially  in  matters  of  busi- 
ness or  property;  one  who  is  honorable  scrupulously  observes 
the  dictates  of  a  personal  honor  that  is  higher  than  any  de- 
mands of  mercantile  law  or  public  opinion,  and  will  do  noth- 
ing unworthy  of  his  own  inherent  nobility  of  soul.  The 
honest  man  does  not  steal,  cheat,  or  defraud;  the  honorable 
man  will  not  take  an  unfair  advantage  that  would  be  al- 
lowed him,  or  will  make  a  sacrifice  which  no  one  could  re- 
quire of  him,  when  his  own  sense  of  right  demands  it.  One 
who  is  honest  in  the  highest  and  fullest  sense  is  scrupulously 
careful  to  adhere  to  all  known  truth  and  right  even  in 
thought.  In  tills  sense  honest  differs  from  honorable  as  hav- 
ing regard  rather  to  absolute  truth  and  right  than  to  even 
the  highest  personal  honor.  Compare  candid;just;  justice: 
moral;  right;  virtuous. — Ant.:  deceitful,  dishonest,  dis- 
ingenuous, faithless,  false,  fraudulent,  hypocritical,  lying, 
mendacious,  perfidious,  traitorous,  treacherous,  unfaithful, 
unscrupulous,  untrue. 

— hon'est-ly,  adv.— hon'es-ty,  n.  The  quality  of  being 
honest.    Syn.:  see  fidelity;  veracity;  virtue. 

hon'ey,    )  1  hun'i;  2  hon'y.    I.  vt.  &  vi.    To  talk  to  in  a 

hun'eyp, J  cajoling  manner;  become  sweet  or  bland.  II. 
a.  Honey=like;  sweet,  ill.  re.  1.  A  sweet,  sirupy  se- 
cretion, derived  chiefly  from  the  neGtaries  of  flowers,  de- 
posited by  bees.  2.  Sweetness 
or  lusciousness  in  general.  3. 
Sweet  one:  a  pet  name.  [< 
AS.  hunlg,  honey.]  —  hon'ey 
ant",  re.  A  small  ant  of  the 
southwestern  United  States,  hav- 
ing one  form  of  worker  which  re 
ceives  and  stores  In  its  abdomen 
the  honey  gathered  by  the  othc 
workers. —  h.hag,  re.  The  reee| 

tacle  or  dilatation  of  the  esopha- 
gus In  which  the  bee  carries 
honey.— h.sbec,  re.  A  bee  that 
collects  honey;  the  common  hive* 
bee.— hon'ey-roml)".  I.  it.  To 
fill  with  small  holes  or  passages. 
II.  re.  1.  A  structure  of  waxen 
cells,    made    by  bees    to    contain  ,, , 

honey,  eggs,  etc.  2.  Anything Hwneyoomb.  showing 
full  of  small  holes  or  cells. — 
hon'ey-<-oml)"siiioth",  n.  A 
moth  that,  Infests  hives.  —  lion 'ey-coni food",  pa.  full 
of  ceils  or  perforations.— hon 'ey-dew",  n.  a  sweet 
secretion  of  plants  or  Insects,  as  of  aphids.— hon'oy- 
dcwod'V;.—  hon  'eyed,  a.  1.  Covered  with  or  full  of  honey. 
2.  Sweet;  cajoling,  hon'ledl.  — h.slociisl,  n.  A  large, 
thorny  North«Amerlcaii  tree  of  the  bean  family,  bearing 
pods,  often  a  foot,  and  a  half  long.  With  a  sweet  pulp  between 
the  seeds.— hon 'cy-inoou",  n.  The  first  monCta  after  mar- 


droticce lis  used  for 
storage. 


riage;  also,  a  wedding  trip.— h.=pot,  n.    A  receptacle,  of 

wax  or  other  substance,  used  by  many  species  of  wild  bees 

to  store  their  honey. — hon'ey-suck"l(ep,  n.    Any  one  of 

various  ornamental  erect  or  climbing  flowering  shrubs. 

hong,  1  hon;  2  hong,  re.  Com.  1.  A  mercantile  warehouse 

comprising  a  number  of  connecting  rooms;  also,  a  connected 

row  of  warehouses.    2.  Formerly,  a  mercantile  association  of 

Chinese  merchants  at  Canton.    [  <  Chin,  hang  (Canton  dial. 

hong),  series.] 

Hong'kong',  1  hen'kon';  2  hdng'kong',  re.    A  British  crown 

colony  (400 sq.  m.;  pop.  457,000),  S.  China;  capital, Victoria. 

honk,  1  honk;  2  h6nk,  re.     The  cry  of  a  wild  goose  or  the 

sound  of  an  automobile  horn. -'-honk,  vi. 
Ilon"o-Iiriii,  1  hen"o-lu'lu  or  ho'n6-lu*iQ;  2  hdn"o-lu'lU.  or 
ho'no-lu"iu  n.     A  city  (pop.   52,000),  on  S.  Oahu  island, 
of  the  Hawaiian  group;  capital  of  Hawaii. 

hon'or,  1  en'ar;  2  on'or.  I.  vt.  1.  To  regard  with  honor 
or  respect;  bestow  marks  of  honor  upon;  impart  dignity 
to.  2.  To  acknowledge  formally  as  worthy  of  respect 
and  acceptance.  3.  Com.  Hence,  to  pay,  as  a  draft. 
II.  n.  1.  Consideration  due  or  paid,  as  to  worth;  re- 
spectful regard.  2.  Any  outward  token  of  such  feeling, 
such  as  college  distinctions.  3.  A  nice  sense  of  what  is 
right.  4.  That  to  which  honor  is  due.  5.  A  cause  of  es- 
teem. 6.  A  title  used  in  addressing  judges,  etc.  7.  In 
whist,  one  of  the  four  highest  trump=cards.  [<  L.F 
honor,  honor.]  Syn.:  (verb)  see  admire;  venerate;  wor- 
ship; (noun)  see  fame;  justice;  reverence;  virtue. 

— hon'or-a-nI(ei\  a.  1.  Worthy  of  honor;  conferring 
honor;  conforming  to  a  code  of  honor.  2.  A  title  used  in 
addressing  judges,  etc.  Syn.:  see  good;  honest;  illustri- 
ous; just;  moral.— hon'or-a-bl(e-nessP,  re. — hon'or-a- 
bly,  adv. — hon"o-ra'rl-um,  re.  [-ri-a,  pi.]  An  honorary 
fee,  as  to  a  professional  man.  Syn.:  see  salary'. — hon'or- 
a-ry,  a.  1.  Done  or  held  as  an  honor.  2.  Holding  office, 
title,  or  membership,  that  is  bestowed  in  sign  of  honor,  and 
without  pay.     3.  Accrediting  honorable  character. 

Ho-no'rl-us,  1  ho-no'n-us;  2  ho-no'ri-us,  Augustus  Flavius 
(384-423).     Roman  emperor  of  the  West. 

hon 'our,  hon'our-a-ble,  etc.    See  honor,  etc. 

Hon-shu',  1  hen-sTnV;  2  h&n-shu',  re.  The  largest  island  of 
Japan;  87,485  sq.  m.;  pop.  37,414,300.    Uon'dof. 

hood,  1  hud;  2  hood.  Id.  vt.  To  cover  or  furnish  with  a 
hood;  hence,  to  hide.  II1.  re.  1.  A  flexible  covering  for 
the  head  and  back  of  the  neck.  2.  Something  of  similar 
form  or  character.  (1)  A  monk's  cowl.  (2)  An  orna- 
mental fold  attached  to  an  academic  gown.  (3)  A 
ehimneycowl.  (4)  A  projecting  cover  to  a  hearth, 
forge,  or  part  of  a  chemical  laboratory.  (5)  The  mov- 
able cover  of  any  protected  machine.  (6)  Bot.  A  con- 
cave expansion  of  any  organ,  resembling  a  hood.  [  < 
AS.  hod.}— hood  'wink',  vt.  To  deceive  as  if  by  blinding; 
blindfold.  [1845),  an  English  poet  and  humorist. 

Hood  \  re.     1.  Robin,  see  Robin  Hood.    2.  Thomas  (1799- 

-hood,  suffix.    Condition;  state.    [<  AS.  had,  condition.] 

hood'lum,  1  hud'lum;2  hood'lum,  re.  [Colloq.,  U.  S.]  One  of 
a  class  of  street  rowdies;  any  ruffian  or  rowdy. 

hoo'doo,  1  hu'du;2  hoo'ddo.  [Colloq.,  TJ.  S.]  I.  vt.  To  bring 
bad  luck  to;  bewitch.  II.  n.  A  cause  of  bad  luck.  See 
voodoo. 

hoof,  1  huf ;  2  hoof,  n.  [hoofs2,  rarely  hooves2,  pi.]  1. 
The  horny  sheath  incasing  the  ends  of  the  digits  or 
foot  in  various  mammals.  2.  An  animal  with  hoofs. 
3.  Geom.  An  ungula.  [<  AS.  hof,  hoof.] — hoof's 
bound",  a.  Having  a  contraction  of  the  hoof,  causing  lame- 
ness.— hoofed,  a. 

noo'gly,  n.    SameasHUGLi.    Hoo'glilyf. 

hook1, 1  huk;  2  hook,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  fasten  or  catch  with  a 
hook;  hence,  to  entrap.  2.  To  attack  with  the  horns,  as 
a  cow.  3.  [Slang.]  To  plfer.  II.  i.  1.  To  have  t  In- 
form of  a  hook;  be  fastened  by  a  hook.  2.  To  attack 
with  the  horns.— hooked,  pa.  1.  Curved  like  a  hook. 
2.  Supplied  with  a  hook. 

hook1,  re.  1.  Something  curved  or  bent  so  as  to  catch  or 
hold  another  object.  2.  A  tool  in  hooked  form.  3.  A 
curved  or  bent  part  or  construction.  [<  AS.  kSc,  book.] 
S.vn.:  see  lock.— by  hook  or  by  crook.  In  one  way  or  an- 
other.—hook'«nose",  re.  An  aquiline  nose  or  a  person  hav- 
ing such  a  nose,      h.  nosed,  a.      Hook  of  Holland,      A 

headland  of  w.  Holland,  off  which  ( lerman  submarines  Bank 
the  British  cruisers  "Abouklr,"  "Creasy,"  and  "Hogue," 
Sept.  22,  1914.     I k'worm",  n.    A  threadlike  worm  that 

may  infest,  man,  sheep,  dogs,  cattle,  etc.,  producing  an 
8  Hemic  COndlt  Ion. 

hook3,  n.    A  headland;  as,  Sandy  Soot.   [■    i  >.//«<£. ] 

hOO'ka,  1  Inl'ka;  2  hoTi'ka,  re.  In  India  and  Persia,  a  form  of 
tobacco-pipe  by  which  the  smoke  Is  drawn  through  water, 
|-  Bind,  hugga,  <  Ar.  hugqa,  pipe  for  smoking.]  Iioo'- 
kahl;  hub'ble«bub'ble$;  iiar'ghl-lct. 

hook'er1,  l  huk'er;2  bdbk'Br,  n.  1.  A  two-masted  Dutch  ves- 
sel. 2.  A  British  ff.ihlng-sinack.  3.  Any  clumsy  craft.  [< 
L>.  hockcr,  <  hock,  hook.] 


.tile 


a  • 


hi  kw:  D     not,  flr;    fllM.  rON-:    blit.bOrn: 

i      .1  i-  (         I  ii  i  ,    I       ■  .  hi.  not.  Ol ,  won, 


SH8 


ll...l 

1,..., 

1 

hup 

I. 


hop,           1. 

hop.             1.     \    |-nn 

. 

[•bout. 
I  II 

.'- 
I 

' 

I  to    mcnk 

; 
klrl",  I 

v    rid  bird  im\  lag  a 

I 

orettlieD 
of  unknown  origin. 

i  tod  modi  n i'li 

II.  n 

.'.    -  f  of  an  owl       1  < 

...I     ..\>l    . 

I I-    ;  hool     tool 

Ml  Wl    I 
IOP1  ;  HOP'PINO  ]      I.  I 

■  specially 
'.'.     I      lloq.]  A 
J   climbing  herb   with   opposite 


'.'. 

I. 

1 

.'■ 

agine       II.  I . 

- 
.'.     I  i.e    cause    of 


Common  Hop. 


Hup      „ 
h..p-|M 

1      illlllll 
1 

:!.   Phe   thing    / 

■  ■  rb)    see 
li  1 1-  \- 
1  ■  <  ■  1  »•    fi'l-      I.  lull 

of  nope:  promising.    Syii  : 

II  »l  ]     A 

-I) .  -in  ".  • 

Imp,   I.  ■•.  ring,  -ly, a       -ness, 

hop.      »lck",  Mart   with  uiifulllllcd  hope 

II    i    kin-.  Stephen  l  1707    17- 

iman;  signed  the  Dec- 

H-p  kln-«.i n,  p'kln-son,  Krancls  (1737- 

lot.  writer,  Judge;  signed  U 
kvml 
bopllti  ••[.'lit.  n.     Or.  Antiq.     A  heavily 

r.     [<    L.  ho  pitta.    <   Gr.    hoplllis.    < 

1    h'ip'.o-mi-fhiim";    2    hop'-o»my» 
'   i  DgUsh  nui 

Imp'l  humb":. 

I . '  hie  who  or  i  bat  which 
b  or 
•   .•■■     'i.  A  shaking  or 

-  trough  in  which 

-  fed,  as  to  a  mill. 
hop'ple,                                      I.     •      [hoi'i-lkd;  hoi-'i'LIm;  ] 

II.  n.     A  fettl  r  for  the  )■ 

'    n.    a  game  in 

loot,  kicking  ii  stone  over  a 

diagram  marked  on  the  ground.     [<  hop,  v.,  +  BOOT*  it. 

nor., 

•  I  Hoi  .tin-  Ha.,  ii-    65   SB.C  I. 
Il'-r  i  Han,  a. 

■   hour;  hourly. 
1.  Pertaining  to  an  hour; 

a a 

ho-ra'rl-ous,  a.   Hot. 

■  -'  '   I  -  n    pi.     Rom.  Anllq. 

and  killed  the  Curi- 

a*ji. 

2  ho-ra'shus  co'elcs. 
■  o  comrades  held  the 
brK.  •  Etruscan  army. 


Imrili-.  I   I     rd    2  I I      I.  ii      I  it  •  •  ii  i> '  i  n-1.  iiiiiiii  'iso  |     To 

II.         \  gathered  and  moUej  mul« 
Utudo  of  human  bi  oially,  atril i  Vsiatio  no- 

li ..r  swarm,  u  oi  animals  or  i 

imp  | 
lliir'ilc-um.    1    I,,.-  ,!     ,  i,,.  :•   h..r  .1.    urn.    ii     /;,,'      \    ,. 

■  npeclos  or  w  bleb  la  the  cultivated 

boret,         rime  as  h  |nr  Blnal,  krabla;  8,760  ft. 

Morel..   1    I-  •)        \   D main  In  the  peninsula 

linn-  iniiiini",  .1    Bame  a»  boabboi  no 

Iii. -rl '/on.  i  bo  roi'ian;2  ho-rl'ion,  n.    I.  The  lii f  the 

apparent  meeting  of  earth  or  sea  '.'.  The 

bounds  "i  observation  or  experience  .'I.  i  rfron  The 
plain-  passing  tin 

at  righl  angles  to  the  line  ol  gravity,  or  a  parallel  plane 

through  ill'-  earth's  oenter.     |<  (!r    horMn,  ppr    oi 

!      apparent)  local,  sensible.  <>r  risible 

horl/oii,     iini-  BS  noiti/iiN,  1       real  or  (rue  ll.,  the  aStfO- 
llor  "i-ioil'tal.    1    lior"i-zoii'l,.l;  g   hor"i-7..'in'(al,   a,      I'ar- 

allel  to  the  horison ;  level, 
Syn.:  even,  Bat,  level,  plain,  plane.    Horisonial  hIkniiii-h 

in  the  direct! r  or  parallel  to  the  horison.     For  practical 

purposes  total  and  horUontal  are  Identical,  tho  '•"/.  as  the 
more  popular  won  i.  is  more  loosely  used  of  that  which  has  no 
■  ipeolaUy  noticeable  elevations  or  Inequalities;  as,  a  levol 
road,    Flat,  according  to  on  from  the  Anglo* 

Bason  //' '.  a  Hour,  applies  to  a  surface  only,  and,  In  the  Drat 
and  moel  usual  sense,  to  a  surf  ace  that  Is  horizontal  or  level  \n 
ail  directions;  a  line  maj  i"-  U  tel,  a  Door  Is  flat;  jiai  Is  also 
applied  in  a  derived  sense  to  any  plant  Burfaoe  without  irreg- 
ularities or  elevations,  as  a  picture  may  i»-  painted  on  the 
flat  surface  of  a  perpendicular  wall,  Plam  applies  onl]  to  a 
surface,  and  Is  used  with  more  mathematical  exactness  than 
jtnt.   Tin-  adjective  plain,  originally  the  same  word  as  plane, 

\<  now  rarely  used  exeepl  In  the  figurative  senses;  as.  a  plain 

■  ient;  plain  people;  but  the  original  sense  appears  In 

the  noun,  as  we  speak  of  "u  wide  plain."  Wc  speak  of  a 
horizontal  line,  a  flat  morass,  a  level  road,  a  plain  country,  a 

lUXface  (especially  In  the  scientific  sense),  Thai  which 
is  lead  may  not  be  even,  and  thai  which  is  even  may  not  be 

a  level  road  may  be  very  rough;  a  slope  may  be  even. 

i. at;  level. — Ant.:  broken,  hilly,  Inclined,  Irregular, 
rolling,  rough,  rugged,  slant Ing,  sloping,  uneven. 

hor"l-zon'tal-lsm,  n.  — hor"l-zoii-tal'l-ty,  n. — 
hor"l-zon'tal-ly,  adv. 
horn,  1  horn;  2  horn.  I.  vt.  To  provide  with  horns,  or 
shape  like  a  horn.  II.  n.  1.  A  bom-like  projecting 
growth  on  the  head  of  various  hoofed  mammals,  as  oxen. 
'£.  The  antler  of  a  deer.  3.  Any  hardened  and  thickened 
form  of  epidermic  tissue,  4.  Something  made  of  horn, 
or  likened  to  an  animal's  horn.  (1)  Mus.  A  wind'in- 
Btrument,  originally  a  bullock's  or  ram's  horn.  (2)  <  hie 
of  the  extremities  of  the  crescent  moon.  (3)  A  cornu- 
copia. See  HORN  OF  PLENTY.  (4)  The  beak  of  an  anvil. 
[<  AS.  horn.]  —  Iiorn'heam",  n.  A  small  tree  of  the  birch 
family,  resembling  the  beech.  With  while  hard  wood. — 
horn'hlH",  n.  A  large  bird  of  tropical  Asia  and  Africa,  re- 
lated to  the  kingfishers  and  having  the  bill  generally  very 

and  surmounted  by  a  horn-like  extension.  Iiorn'- 
liouk",  n.  A  child's  primer,  an  formerly  made,  covered  With 
a  thin  layer  of  transparent  horn,  and  framed;  hence,  any 
primer  or  handbook;   rudimentary   knowledge.-   horned. 

Having  u  horn  or  horns.  —  honied  horse,  the  gnu. 
horned  owl.  an  American  owl  with  very  largo  car«tufts. — 
horned  pout,  a  catfish,  horned  toad,  an  iguana-like  liz- 
ard of  western  and  southern  United  States  and  Mexico.  - 
hornless, a.  horn  of  plenty  (Class.  Mi/th.),  the  born  of 
the  goat  which  suckled  the  Infant  Zeus,  which  became  tilled 
according  to  the  wishes  of  Its  possessor;  hence,  a  symbol  of 

abundance  in  general,  represented  In  art  as  a  curved  horn 
tilled  with  fruit,  etc.  cor"nu-co'pl-a:.  horn 'pipe",  n. 
1.  A  lively  English  countrydancc.  a.  A  former  musical 
Instrument.  —  horn'-y,  a.  1.  Resembling  horn;  callous. 
]e  or  horn.     .'{.    Having  horns. 

horn 'blende",  1  horn'blend*:  2  horn'blend",  n.  A  common 
mineral,  greenlsh«black  or  black,  containing  magnesium, 
un,  aluminum  silica,  and  Iron.  [O.,  <  horn,  horn, 
+  blende,  hi.enke.] 

hor'net,  1  hor'net;  2  hor'ncH,  n.  A  large  social  wasp, 
capable  of  inflicting  a  severe  sting..  [  <  AS.  hymet,  prob. 
rn,  horn.) 

horn  'Ing,  1  nBrn'in;  2  horn'lng,  n.  1.  The  appearance  of  the 
moon  In  the  first  or  last  quarter.  'I.  [Local,  t!.  8.]  A  chari- 
vari. :t.  [Bcot.l  A  public  announcement  made  with  blasts 
of  a  born  letters  of  horning  (Scott  Law),  a  Judicial  man- 
date, requiring  a  person  to  pay  or  perform  as  had  been 
decreed  against  him.  las  chert. 

horn'stone",  1   horn'stOn";  2- ■horn'stOn",  n.  Mineral.  Same 

horol.,  abbT.     Horology. 

hor'o-loge,  1  hor'o-lo)  or  -lo);  hor'olog  or  -log,  n.  1.  A  time- 
piece. 2.  A  clock»tower.  [OF..  <  Or.  hOrologlon,  <  hdra. 
hour.  +  lead,  apeak.]— ho-rol'o-ger,  n.     One  skilled  In 


1:8=  final;    l  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    clrin;    go;    rj  =  sires;    fhm,   this.      Hooker 
389        2:  wolf,  do;  book,  boot;  full,   rule,   cure,  but,   burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;  thin,   this.       hostile 


horology,  ho-rol'o-glstt.— hor"o-Iog'lc,  a.  1.  Pertain- 
ing to  horology  or  to  a  horologe.  2.  Bot.  Opening  and  clos- 
ing, as  some  flowers,  at  certain  hours.  hor"o-log'l-calt. — 
ho-rol'o-gy,  re.  [-giesz,  pi.]  The  science  of  timcmeasure- 
ment  or  of  the  construction  of  timepieces. 

hor'o-seope,  1  her'o-skop;  2  hor'o-seop,  n.  Astrol.  The 
aspect  of  the  heavens,  with  special  reference  to  the  posi- 
tion of  the  planets  at  l  person's  birth.  [F.,  <  Gr.  horo- 
skopeion,  nativity.] — ho-ros'co-py,  re. 

hor'rent,  1  her'ent;  2  hor'ent,  a.  1.  Standing  erect  like 
bristles;  covered  with  bristling  points.  2.  Causing  terror 
and  abhorrence.     [<  L.  horren(t-)s,  ppr.  of  horreo,  bristle.] 

hor'rl-ble,  1  1   her'i-bl;   2   hor'i-bl,   a.     Exciting  abhor- 

hor'ri-blp,  J  rence;  terrible.  [OF.,  <  L.  horribilis,  < 
horreo,  bristle,  be  terrified.)    Syn.:  see  awful;  frightful. 

— hor'ri-bKe-nessP,  re.— hor'rl-bly,  adv. — hor-rlf'ic, 
a.  Causing  horror. — hor'ri-fy,  vt.  [-fied;  -fy'ing.]  To 
affect  or  fill  with  horror. — hor"rl-fl-ca'tion,  re. 

hor'rid,  1  her'id;  2  hor'id,  o.  Fitted  to  inspire  horror; 
dreadful;  outrageous.  [  <  L.  horridus,  rough,  <  horreo, 
bristle.l    Syn.:  see  frightful.     -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. 

hor'ror,  1  her'ar;  2  hor'or,  re.  1.  The  painful  emotion  of 
extreme  fear  or  abhorrence;  dread.  2.  Extreme  repug- 
nance. 3.  Some  great  calamity.  [L.,  <  horreo, -be  ter- 
rified.]   Syn.:  see  abomination;  fear;  fright. 

Hor'sa,  1  her'sa;  2hor'sa.  n.  A  Saxon  chief,  brother  of  Hengist: 
said  to  have  been  killed  by  Vortigern  at  Aylesford  in  455. 

hors  de  com"bat',  1  or  da  ken'ba';  2  or  de  c6h"bii'.  Out  of 
the  fight.    [F.,  <  L.  foris,  out;  de,  of;  and  see  combat.] 

horse,  1  hers;  2  hors,  v.  |horsed1;  hors'ing.]  1. 1.  1.  To 
mount  or  carry,  as  on  a  horse;  hence,  to  put  on  the  back 
of  another  preparatory  to  flogging.  2.  To  furnish 
horses  for.    II.  i.    To  ride  on  a  horse. 

horse,  re.  1.  A  solid-hoofed  quadruped  having  a  mane 
and  tail  of  long  coarse  hair,  and  relatively  small  ears 
and  head.  2.  A  mammal  related  to  or  supposed  to  be 
of  the  ancestral  line  of  the  horse.  3.  The  male  of  the 
horse.  4.  Cavalry.  5.  A  supporting  framework.  [  < 
AS.  hors,  horse.]— horse'back".  I.  re.  1.  A  horse's  back. 
2.  An  object  shaped  like  a  horse's  back.  II.  adv.  On  a 
horse's  back.— horse'sblock",  n.  1.  A  block  or  platform 
used  In  mounting  a  horse. 
2.  A  frame  of  boards  used 
as  a  support.  —  h.=boat,  n. 
1.  A  boat  moved  by  horse 
power.  2.  A  boat  for  car 
rying  horses. — h  -boot 
A  leathern  covering  to  pro- 
tect a  horse's  pastern 
against  Interfering.  —  h.» 
bot,  re.  A  bot»fly  or  its 
larva  that  infests  the 
stomach  and  intestines  of 
the  horse.  —  h.=boy,  n.  A 
stable-boy.  —  h.=breaker, 
n.  One  who  trains  horses 
to  work  in  harness  or 
under    the    saddle.  —  h.« 


Nomenclature  of  the  Horse. 

1.  Poll.   2.  Forehead.   8.  Face.   4.  Muzzle. 


■m.  12.  For.ar.n.  18.  Knee. 
l'aBtern.  10.  Cannon.  17. 
1H.  Elljow.  19.  Flunk.  2(1. 
Hook.     28.  Oaaki 


drawn  by  horses;  tram-car.  iT,"rh,Bi 

2.  A  car  for  transporting  n'  i,<i..,*k"  1 
horses  by  rail.  —  liveliest-  Seat  ■!  Splint 
nut,  n.  An  Old  World  tree  **»■«--  21.  Cmi 
of  the  soapberry  family.  '-','■  ^'"I"' ,.-''■  ™?h:.  ■-''•'•  "ip-Hnt.  27 
with  a  large  chestnut-like  ^LkTis  win,™.  xl'cZt.  w.  Neck. 
fruit.  —  h.  1  lol  h,  a  Acloth 

to  cover  a  horse.  —  h.  st-ollar,  re.  A  stuffed  collar  for  a  horse's 
neck,  used  to  support  the  hames  of  a  draft-harness  and  to 
ease  the  pressure  on  the  shoulders  in  drawing.  —  h.  doctor, 
n.  A  veterinary  surgeon;  farrier.  —  h.  drench,  re.  A  dose 
for  a  horse,  or  the  instrument  with  which  it  is  administered. 
— h.-lair,  re.  A  fair  for  the  sale  of  horses.  —  h.  Mesh.  I.  a. 
Having  the  color  of  a  horse's  flesh;  reddish-bronze.     II.  re. 

1.  The  flesh  of  a  horse     %,  Horses,  considered  collectively. 

3.  A  kind  of  mahogany  grown  in  Bahama.  —  h.  Ilj ,  n.  1.  A 
gadfly.  2.  A  foresi-ily  or  horse-tick.  3.  A  bot-fly. — horse'- 
Ibot",  re.  1.  Bot.  Coltsfoot.  2.  The  king-crab.— h.» 
furniture,  n.  Tne  harness  or  housings  of  a  horse. — h.» 
gear,  re.  Horse-furniture;  also,  horse-power,  h. -guards, 
re.  pi.  A  body  of  cavalry  serving  as  guards.  —  horse'halr", 
re.    I.  The  hair  of  horses,  especially  Of  their  manes  and  tails. 

2.  Haircloth.- -h. doc-key,  re.  1.  One  who  rides  races  pro- 
fessionally. 2t.  A  horse-dealer.  — h.daugb,  re.  A  loud, 
boisterous  laugh,  h. daughter,  re.  -h.dccch,  n.  1.  A 
horse-doctor.    2.  One  who  is  perpetually  begging  or  teasing 

(/'run.  xxx,  15).  8.  A  large  leech,  as  Hsemopsii  ranis,,  that 
enters   the   nostrils  of   horses,   cattle,   etc.,   when   they   arc 

drinking.— h.dltter,  n.     a  utter  or  palanquin  drawn  or 

borne  by  horses.  Iiorse'man,  n.  [-MEN,  lil.\  One  who 
rides  a  horse;  a  cavalryman.  —  horse 'man-ship,  re.  Eques- 
trian skill,  h.rmarlne,  n.  An  awkward,  lubberly  person; 
also,  a  mounted  marine.— h.splstol,  n.  A  large  pistol  for- 
merly  carried   In   a   holster   by    horsemen.—  h.>play,    n. 


Rough,  boisterous  play. — h.spond,  re.  A  pond  for  watering 
horses. — li.qiosl,  re.  A  hitching-post. —  h.  =power,  re.  1. 
A  standard  theoretical  unit  of  the  rate  of  work,  equal  to 
33,000  pounds  lifted  one  foot  In  one  minute.  2.  A  mechan- 
ical arrangement  for  utilizing  a  horse's  power. — h.=raee, 
n.  A  race  by  horses. — h.sracer,  re. — l>.  racing,  re. — 
horse  'rad"lsh,  n.  A  common  garden  herb  of  the  mustard 
family,  cultivated  for  the  pungent  root. — h.  rake,  n.  A 
large  hay-rake  worked  by  horse-power. — horse'shoe",  re. 
A  U-shaped  metal  shoe  for  a  horse;  something  similarly 
shaped.— horse 'tail",  n.  1.  The  tail  of  a  horse,  especially 
when  used  as  a  distinction  of  rank  or  as  a  standard.  2.  Bot. 
A  kind  of  rush,  with  slender  stem  and  rough  surface,  having 
distinct  spore-bearing  leaves.  3.  Anal.  The  collection  of 
nerves  in  which  the  spinal  column  terminates. — h.  tamer. 
n.  A  horse-breaker. — horse'whlp".  It.  vt.  To  chastise 
with  a  horsewhip.  II.  re.  A  whip  for  managing  horses.— 
horse'wo"man,  re.  [-wo'men,  pi.]  A  woman  who  rides  on 
horseback. — hors'ing,  re.  1.  A  board  on  which  a  knife- 
grinder  sits.  2.  A  flogging,  especially  as  inflicted  upon  a 
schoolboy  mounted  on  the  back  of  another. — hors'y,  a.  1. 
Pertaining  to  horses.  2.  Devoted  to  horses,  hors'eyj. — 
hors'1-ness,  re. 
hort.,  hortic,  abbr.  Horticultural,  horticulture. 
hor'ta-tive, )  1  hor'ta-tiv;  2  hor'ta-tiv,  a.  Of  the  nature 
hor'ta-tiv8,  J  of  exhortation.    [  <  L.  horlalivus,  <  hortor, 

urge.]— hor'ta-to-ry,  a.  Giving  exhortation. 
Hor"tense',  1  her"tens'  or  (F.)  or"tuhs';  2  hor"  tens'  or  (F.) 
or"tahs',  re.  Eugenie  Ilortense  de  Beauharnais  (17S3- 
1837),  the  daughter  of  the  empress  Josephine;  queen  of  Hol- 
land; mother  of  Napoleon  III. 
hor'ti-cul"ture,  1  her'ti-kul"cTiur  or  -tiur;  2  hor'ti-kiil"- 
chur  or  -tur,  n.  The  cultivation  of  a  garden,  especially 
as  a  science.  [  <  L.  hortus,  garden,  +  cultura,  cultiva- 
tion.]     Syn.:  see  agriculture. 

— hor'tl-cul"tor,  n.     One  who  cultivates  a  garden. — 
hor"tl-cul'tur-al,     a— hor"ti-cul'tur-ist,     ».     bor'tl- 
cul"tlst{ ;  hor"ti-cul  'tur-al-istj. 
Ho'rus,   1  ho'rus;  2  ho'rus,  re.  Myth.  An  Egyptian  hawk- 

headed  divinity;  god  of  the  day  or  the  sun.    IlorJ.. 
Hos.,  abbr.    Hosea. 

ho-san'na,  lho-zan'a;  2ho-gan'a,  inter j.  An  exclamation 
of  praise  to  God.  [  <  Heb.Ur  hoshi'ah  nnd,  save,  I  pray] 
hose,  1  hoz;  2  hog,  re.  [hose,  formerly  ho'sen,  pi.]  1.  A 
stocking,  anciently  a  tight  nether  garment  worn  by 
men:  mostly  used  as  a  plural.  2.  A  flexible  tube  for  con- 
veying fluids.  [<  AS.  hosa,  hose.]  — Bal-brig'gan 
hose,  hose  made  of  fine  unbleached  cotton:  originally  that 
made  at  Balbrlggan,  Ireland.— ho'sler,  n.  One  who' deals 
in  hose,  etc.  —  ho'sier-y,  n.  Hosiers'  wares;  stockings;  hose. 
Ho-se'a,  1  ho-zi'a;  2  ho-se'a,  re.    A  Hebrew  minor  prophet .  or 

his  book. 
hos'pice,  1  hes'pis;  2  hos'plc,  n.    A  place  of  entertainment  or 

shelter,  as  a  convent  in  an  Alpine  pass.    [F.] 
hos'pi-ta-ble,  1  1  hos'pi-ta-bl;  2  hos'pi-ta-bl,  a.    1.  l)is- 
hos'pi-ta-bl1",  )  posed  to  entertain  with  generous  kind- 
ness.    2.  Characterized  by  hospitality.     [OF.,  <    L1'1- 
hospes,  guest.]— hos 'pl-ta-bly,  adv.— hos"pl-tal'l-ty,  re. 
[-tiesz,  ;)/.]    The  act  of  being  hospitable. 
hos'pi-tal,  1  hes'pi-tol;  2  hos'pi-tal,  re.     An  institution 
for  the  care  and   treatment  of  the  sick  or  wounded. 
[OF.,  <  L.M<  honpitalls,  of  a  guest,  <  hospes,  guest.]      Ikis'- 
pi-tal-er,  n.     1.  One  cared  for  or  Supported  in  a  hospital. 
2.  One  W..J  cares  for  the  sick  and  needy  in  a  hospital      :t. 
[H-]   A  member  of  one  of  various  charitable  brotherhoods  or 
military  orders  of  the  middle  ages. 
hos-pl'ti-um,  1  hes-plsh'i-um;  2  hos-plsh'i-um,  n.   [-ti-a,  pi.] 

An  Inn;  hostel.     [L.,  <  hospes,  guest.] 
hos'po-dar,  1  hes'po-dSr;  2  hos'po-dar,  n.    A  title  of  dignity 
formerly  borne  by  various  European  princes  and  formerly 
by  the  emperors  of  Russia.    [Roum.) 
bostt,  vt.  &  vl.    To  receive  as  or  be  a  guest. 
host1,  1  host;  2  host,  n.     A  large  body  of  men;  an  army; 
multitude.     [<  OF.  host,  <  L.  hostis,  enemy.] 
Syn.:  see  ARMY;  ASSEMBLY;  COMPANY;  THRONG. 
host.2,    re.      1.   One  who  entertains  guests   in    private   life. 
2.  The  landlord  of  a  hotel.     3.    Biol.    An  organism  that 
harbors  another  as  a  parasite.   [  <  L.'"  A. >;:/<.  8  [hospit-), 
entertainer] 
host7,  n.     The  consecrated  bread  or  wafer  used  at  I  he 

Lord's  Supper.    [<  L.r  hostia,  sacrificial  victim.] 
hos'tage,  1  hos'tij;  2  hos'tag,  //.     A   person  held  as  a 
pledge,  as  in  war,  for  the  performance  <>i  some  stipula- 
tion,   [OF.,  <  L^obses,  pledge.] 

hos"(eau',  1  os'lo';    2  os'fO',  n.  [ColIOQ.]     A  Chateau  used 

as  a  hospital  in  France:  a  soldiers'  telescope  word 
hos'tcl-ry,  1  nes'tel-n;  2  hos'tSl-ry,  u.     An  inn.     hos'- 

tclt;  hos'tler-yt;  hos'tryf. 
host 'ess,  1  host'es;  2  hosfes,  /, .    A  female  host, 
hos'lile,  1  1  hos'nl;  2  lios'iil     I.  a.    1.  Saving  a  spirit  of 
hos'tll",  )  enmity.    2.  Pertaining  to  aa  enemy,      II.   n. 

An    enemy;    antagonist.     [P.,    <   L.   Iiostilis,   hostile.] 


"allien. 


REPRE8EN1  \'l  I\  i:  TYPES  OF  HOB 

0.   Arab  si  all  Ion. 

7.  'I  bi  'alllon. 

8.  B  lion. 

I  ;■  lalllon. 
10.  Percueron  stallion. 


II'  leveland  Bay  stallion. 
]_'.  Clydesdale  -miilon. 

13.  Shire  stallion. 

14.  Belgian  stallion. 

15.  Suffolk  stallion. 


1:9  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    cm  =  out;    ell;    IQ  =  fe«d;    tfhin;    go;    rj  =  sing;    fhin,   this. 
391       2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,  but,  burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


hosting 
hoy 


Syn.:  (adj.)  alien;  inimical;  malicious;  (noun)  see  an- 
tipathy; enmity;  feud;  hatred. — hos'tile-ly,  adv. — hos- 
tll'i-ty,  re.  [-tiesz,  pi.]  1.  The  state  of  being  hostile.  2. 
pi.   Warlike  measures. 

host'lngll,  1  host'in;  2  host'ing,  n.  1.  The  gathering  of  an 
armed  host;  a  muster.    2.  A  battle  or  encounter. 

hos'tler,  1  hes'lar  or  es'ler;  2  hos'ler  or  os'ler,  n.  A 
stableman;  groom. 

hot,  1  hot;  2  hot,  a.  [hot'ter;  hot'test.]  1.  Being 
heated,  or  having  high  temperature.  2.  Pungent;  acrid. 
3.  Marked  by  passion;  fiery.  4.  Near  the  subject 
sought:  said  in  games  or  hunting.  5.  Lustful.  [<  AS. 
hat,  hot.]  Syn.:  burning,  choleric, fervent,  fervid,  fiery,  glow- 
ing, heated,  irascible,  passionate,  peppery,  pungent,  sting- 
ii3,  vehement,  violent.  See  ardent;  eager. — Ant.:  arctic, 
bleak,  boreal,  dull,  chilly,  cold,  cool,  freezing,  frigid,  frosty, 
frozen,  gelid,  icy,  polar,  wintry. 

— hot'bed",  n.  1.  A  bed  of  rich  earth,  protected  by  glass, 
for  promoting  the  growth  of  plants.  2.  Figuratively,  a  place 
or  condition  favoring  rapid  growth  or  heated  activity. — hot 
blast,  a  blast  of  hot  air  blown  into  a  smelt  ing=furnaee:  used 
also  attributively;  as,  a  IwUblast  furnace. — hot'bJood"ed, 
a.  Being  of  hot  blood;  passionate;  amorous. — hot'scock"- 
"es,  re.  An  old  game  in  which  a  blindfolded  player  is  struck 
by  others  in  turn,  and  tries  to  guess  their  names. — hot'- 
taead",  n.  A  hasty,  impetuous,  or  quick-tempered  person. 
— hotsheaded,  a.  hot  =l>raiiicii ;. — hot'house",  re.  1.  A 
structure  kept  warm  artificially,  as  for  the  forced  growth  of 
flowers,  etc.  2t.  A  brothel. — hot'ly,  adv. — hot'ness,  n. — ■ 
hot=press.  I',  vt.  To  subject  to  heat  and  mechanical  pres- 
sure, as  for  calendering  or  to  extract  oil.  II.  n.  A  machine 
for  hot=pressing. — hot=pressed,  a. — hot-pressing,  re. 

botch 'pot",  1  heCh'pet";2  hoch'pot",  n.  Law.  A  commixture 
of  property  in  order  to  secure  an  equable  division.  [  <  OF. 
hochepot,  <  OD.  hutspol,  <  hutsen,  shake,  +  pot,  pot.] 

botch  'potch",  1  hecTi'pocTi";  2  hoch'poch",  re.  A  various 
mixture;  jumble.    [<  OD.  hutsen,  shake,  +  pot,  pot.] 

ho-tel',  1  ho-tel';  2  ho-tgl',  re.  1.  A  house  for  the  enter- 
tainment of  travelers  and  others;  an  inn.  2.  In  Franco* 
English  usage,  an  official  residence;  mansion.  [<  F. 
hotel,   <  OF.  hostel,  inn.] 

Dot  Springs.  A  city  and  health  resort  In  S.  W.  Arkansas; 
pop.  14,000;  manymedicinal  springs. 

hot 'spur",  1  hot'spur";  2  hot'spur",  re.  A  person  who  pushes 
on,  heedless  of  advice  or  warning;  a  hot-headed  person.— 
hot'spur"t,  a.    Impetuous;  reckless.    hot'spurred"t. 

Hot 'ton-tot,  1  het'n-tet;  2  hot'n-tot,  re.  One  of  a  South=Af- 
rican  people  who  occupied  the  Cape  Colony  region  when  It 
was  first  entered  by  whites.    [D.j 

Hot'zcn-dorf,  1  hut'sen-derf ;  2  hut'sen-dorf,  Baron  Conrad 
von.    Chief  of  Staff  of  the  Austrian  forces,  1914-1915. 

hough',  1  hok;  2  hok,  v.  &  n.    Same  as  hock. 

hound,  1  haund;  2  hound.  Id.  vt.  To  hunt  with  or  as 
with  hounds;  set  on  the  chase;  trail;  persecute.     II.  re. 

1.  A  hunting=dog.  See  dog.  2.  A  dastardly  fellow.  3. 
A  brace,  as  at  the  head  of  a  mast  or  in  the  running=gear 
of  a  vehicle.  4.  In  the  game  of  hare  and  hounds,  the 
one  who  acts  the  part  of  a  hound.     [  <  AS.  hund,  dog.] 

hour,  1  aur:  2  our,  n.  1.  A  period  of  sixty  minutes.  2.  A 
set,  appointed,  or  definite  time.  3.  pi.  R.  C.  Ch.  Pray- 
ers to  be  repeated  at  stated  times.  [<  Gr.L+F  hora, 
time,  period.]  — hour'sglass",  re.  A  glass  vessel  used  for 
measuring  time  by  the  running  of  sand. — hour'ly.  I.  a. 
Happening  every  hour.    II.  adv.    At  intervals  of  an  hour. 

hou'rl,  1  hu'ri;  2  hu'ri,  re.  A  nymph  of  the  Mohammedan 
Paradise.    [<  Ar.i'«r+F  hurtya,  <  ahwar,  black=eyed.] 

house, )  1  lmuz;  2  hous.,  v.    [housed,  houzd1';  hous'ing, 

houz1', )  HOTJZ'lNG*]  I.  t.  1.  To  furnish  with  a  dwelling; 
place  under  cover.  2.  Naut.  To  make  secure,  or  cover 
up,  in  time  of  storms.  3.  Carp.  To  fit  into  a  mortise  or 
the  like.  AS.  To  drive  to  a  shelter,  as  a  fugitive.  II.  i. 
To  take  shelter  or  lodgings. 

house,  I  huus;  2  nous,  n.    1.  A  place  of  abode  or  shelter. 

2.  A  household.  3.  A  tribe;  stock;  line.  4.  One  of  the 
divisions  of  a  legislative  body.  5.  A  mercantile  c  tab- 
lishment.  6.  An  audience  of  people.  7.  Astrol.  One  of 
twelve  divisions  of  the  heavens.     1  <  AS.  hue,  house.] 

Syn.:  abode,  building,  cabin,  cot,  cottage,  domicll,  dwell- 
ing, dwelling-place,  edifice,  habitation,  hall,  home,  hovel, 
lint,  manor,  mansion,  palace,  residence,  Shanty,  villa.     Sec 

edifice;  home. 

—House  of  Commons,  the  lower  house  of  the  British 
Parliament.  — II.  of  Lords,  the  upper  house  or  I  he  British 
Parliament. — H.  of  Representatives,  the  larger  branch  or 
the  United  States  Congress     house'<boaf,  n.     a  boal  or 

barge  titled  up  as  a  dwelling.  liouse'l>rcak"cr,  ;/.  One 
who  breaks  into  a  house   to   rob.      house 'lireak'ing,    n . 

house ' »fly",  ».    The  common  fly  found  in  nearly  all  parts 

of  the  world. — house'hold".    I.  a.      Domestic.     II. n.     A 

number  of  persons  dwelling  under  the  same  root,  house'- 
hold"er,  n.  The  head  of  a  family—  -liousr'kerp'Vr,  n.  A 
woman  who  oversees  work  in  a  house— house'k«:ep"|ng, 


n.  The  management  of  a  household. — house'leek",  n.  A 
well=known  garden  plant,  from  the  Old  World,  with  thick, 
fleshy  leaves,  which  grows  on  walls  and  roofs. — house'Iess, 
a.  Shelterless. — house'less-ncss,  re. — house 'maid",  n. 
A  girl  employed  In  housework.  Ii.  room,  re.  Accommodation 
in  a  house.— house'top",  n.  1.  The  top  or  roof  of  a  house. 
h.=roofJ.  2.  Figuratively,  a  public  place. — house'warm"- 
Ing,  n.  A  festivity  on  entering  a  new  home. — house'wlfe", 
n.  1.  The  mistress  of  a  household.  2.  1  huz'if;  2  hus/if.  A 
receptacle  for  small  articles  required  in  sewing.  3.  A  pert 
woman  or  girl.— house'wll"e"ly,  a.  &  adv.  Like  a  house- 
keeper; thrifty.— house 'wlfe"ry,  re.  Housekeeping.— 
house'work",  re.     Work  connected  with  housekeeping. 

hou'sel||,  1  hau'zl;2  hou'sl.  I.  vt.  To  administer  the  eucha- 
rist  to.  II.  re.  The  eucharist,  or  its  administration  or  recep- 
tion.   [<AS.  husllan,  <  huscl,  sacrifice.] 

hous'ing1,  1  hauz'nj ;  2  houg'ing,  n.  1.  The  act  of  provid- 
ing with  a  house.    2.  Shelter. 

hous'ing2,  re.  The  ornamental  trappings  of  a  horse. 
[  <  OHG.of  hulsa,  shell.]    Syn.:  see  caparison. 

Hous'ton,  1  hus'tan  or  haus'tan;  2  hus'ton  or  hous'ton,  n.  1. 
Sam  (1793-1863),  an  American  statesman  and  general;  se- 
cured independence  of  Texas.  2.  A  manufacturing  city  in  E. 
Texas;  pop.  79,000. 

Hous-to'nl-a,  1  hus-to'm-a;  2  hus-to'nl-a,  re.  Bot.  A  low, 
slender  North=American  plant  of  the  madder  family. 

hout,  interj.  [Scot.]  Same  as  hoot,    hout'stout't. 

Hou-yhn'hnm,  1  hu-in'm  or  hwin'm;  2  hu-In'm  or  hwln'm,  n. 
InSwift'sGiiH(!'tr,s7,rai'c/s,oneofthehorses  gifted  wlthreason 

hove',  v.  I.  t.  1.  [Scot.]  To  inflate.  2.  [North.  Eng.]  To 
heave.  II.  I.  1.  To  move  upward.  2.  [Scot.]  To  increase 
in  size.    [<  heave.] 

hove2,  imp.  of  heave,  v. 

hovc3t,  vt.    Same  as  behoove. 

hove«t,  vi.  1.  To  float.  2.  To  hover  in  the  air;  linger  about. 
3.  To  move  aside.    [ME.  hoven;  sec  hover.] 

hov'el,  1  hev'el;2  hov'61.  I.  vt.  [hov'eled  or  hov'elled; 
hov'el-ing  or  hov'el-ling.]    1.  To  shelter  in  a  hovel. 

2.  To  build  like  a  hovel.  II.  n.  1.  A  wretched  dwelling; 
hut.  2.  An  open  shed  for  sheltering  cattle,  tools,  or 
produce.     [Dim.  of  AS.  hof,  house.]     Syn.:  see  house;  hut- 

hov'er,  1  huv'ar;  2  hov'er,  v.  I.  t.  To  cover  with  tho 
wings,  as  a  brooding  hen.  II.  i.  1.  To  pause  with 
fluttering  wings.  2.  To  linger  about.  [Ult.  <  AS.  hof, 
house.]— hov'er-er,  re.  [can  poet. 

Hov'ey,  1  huv'i;  2  hov'y,  Richard  (18fi4-1900).    An  Amcrl- 

how,  a.  [Prov.  Eng.  &  Scot.]  Hollow  or  deep;  also,  hollow  in 
sound.    [=  hole.]     howc;. 

how1,  n.    Way  of  doing  or  becoming;  means;  manner. 

how2,  n.  1.  [Scot.]  A  dell;  glen.  2t.  Any  hollow  place: 
especially,  a  ship's  hold.    [=  hole.]    howet. 

how,  1  hau;  2  how,  adv.  1.  In  what  way  or  manner.  2. 
To  what  degree  or  amount.  3.  In  what  state.  4.  At 
what  price.  5.  To  what  purport.  6.  By  what  name. 
7.  For  what  reason;  why.  [  <  AS.  hu,  how.]— how-be'- 
It,  adv.  &  conj.  Be  it  as  It  may.  Syn.:  see  notwithstand- 
ing.— how-ev'er.  I.  adv.  Inwhatever  manner;  by  whatever 
means.  how-e'er'J  [Poet.].  II.  conj.  Notwithstanding;  yet. 
Syn.:  see  but;  notwithstanding. —  how"so-cv'er,  adv. 
Nevertheless. 

How'ard,  1  hau'ard;  2  how'ard,  Oliver  Otis  (1830-1909). 
An  American  general  In  the  Civil  War. 

how'dah,  1  hou'da;  2  how'da,  re.  A  railed  or  canopied 
seat  on  the  back  of  an  elephant.     [<  Hind,  haudah.] 

Howe,  1  hau;  2  how,  re.  1.  Ellas  (1819-1867),  an  American 
machinist;  inventor  of  t lie  sewing-machine.  2.  Richard, 
Earl  (1725-1799),  an  English  admiral;  commanded  In  the 
American  war;  defeated  French  Heel  off  Brest,  June  1,  1794. 

3.  William,  Viscount  (1729-1814),  an  English  general; 
commander=in=clilcf  in  North  America,  1775-1778. 

how 'el,  re.  A  coopers'  plane  for  smoothing  the  inside  of  casks. 
[<  Dan.  hOvl,  plane.]  [ellst  and  critic. 

HOW 'ells,  William   Dean   (1837-         ).    An  American  nov- 

hOWff,  re.  [Scot.]  A  frequented  place;  resort;  haunt.  [AH.  /hi/, 
house]  houH;  huuirt.— Iiown*',  vi.  [Scot.]  To  frequent 
:t  place. 

DOW'it-Zer,  1  luiu'it-sar;  2  how'it-ser,  n.  A  short  light 
cannon.  |<  Moll."  Iiiuifnicf,  howitzer.]  siege 'howitzer,  a 
short,  heavy  gun  of  large  caliher  for  I  he  destruction  of  for- 
tresses, as  t  lie  ( lerinan  1 1  duel)  (28-eentlnietcr)  siege  'how- 
itzer. 

howl.  1  haul;  2  howl.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  utter  a  loud  wail; 
condemn  or  suppress  by  clamor;  roar,  as  a  tempest. 

II.  II.      I.  The  Cry  of  a  Wolf  or  of  a  dog  in  distress.     2. 

Any  resonant  mournful  cry.  [Imitative.]  Syn.;  see  roar. 
•    howl'er.re.     1.  one  who  howls.    '!■  A  tropical  American 

monkey  having  prodigious  power  of  voice.  — howl'iiig,  pa 

Abounding  In  howls;  dismal.  [(Imitative)  i 

hOW 'let,  it.     An  OWl;  owlet.     [<    P.  hvlotlC,   <   L.  Ululn,  owl 

how 'self,  v.  A  n.   Same  as  housbl. 
hoxt,  vt.   To  hamstring. 

hoy,  1  hoi;  2  h6y,  n.  A  single-masted  heavy  coastlng«veasel  or 
tender  ot  obsolete  type.    I  <  Flow.  ft«f.  hoy,] 


bo] 

Huron 


:   ■  ..1,1,,         i         i       ,,  ii      it        w.  bftrnj 

.      >        ,  i     >  iii  i  i.  win, 


v.n 


low    of 


bui  k  .i-i'  irk, 
bU<  k    I  ■  -  !•«  r    r,. 


I 

the  Bub 

ith  usod  for  towel* 

I-t>i'r"\ .  u-    [-mi  - 
*.       1 


Imr'- 


il.  -I,,  r    n     .    „l,,.r    il,-l,.r'.-7:. 
II,  k  I,    bon<  I 

ii,  k    ~l.  r. 
I 
1 1 

'  '     ■ 

II, I   ,11,  .  I. 

i       1.   To 
put    in    placo 
r  in  a  huddle. 
II. 

ide.j 
ii  ,li-l. r.i-.     .  2    hu'dl- 

-  Hudlbras.  a  poem  caricaturing 
II  ir  ill-l.r  i-  '|  i,  . 

Ilinr>  .  ,,r  In  Dutch,  llcn'- 

•  irik  ervlceol  Dutcb 

m   river,    1609:   ill-' 

ii    it  ,> .       in!. in, i  sea  in  N.  <  lanada. 

II.  riv.r.  York  State,  entering  New 

:    -rk    city    II    I-.   called    North 

Ko.r.     ii.  strait,  ectlng  Hudson  Bay  with  the 

Atlantic  ocean. 

ii  I.    .  ^ticular  shade  of  n  color. 

<  AS.  hiw,  form.]— hued,  a. 


■  uting.     [<   OF.  hu  (F. 
hu,  .in, i  <t>  .  era!  alarm  or  outcry. 

,.ital  of  Anam 

\  h  torlnoo    1854    1010).    Mcxl- 
in  .  ii. a.l  •  pro- 
aed.  July  16.  1914, 
I  .  l.i..:.  up  or  swell; 

'.'.   .  II. 

(Imitative;  cp    ' 
l.ulf  l-h.  -' .  . 

hu(T').        i.  8.  Puffed  up.— 

1 1  u  rr '  i  - 1 1  •  ■--. 

'aura.]    I.  t.    1.  To 
'i.  I  ■■  cherish.    8. 
II.        1        iddle.  [Seand.] 
hug.  n.    a  •  ■ 

[  <  OF. 
LABOB. — huge'ly,  Odr.— 
hui;.    D< 

iin  »•■  r  .  i-,,.  i7       An  American  Revolutionary 

hui'(rriniu("Err.     I  sly:  also,  slovenly     II.  n, 

;,.  dial. 

Hug'gln-,   •"Ir   Milium  i  ugllsh  astron- 

■•  rophyslca." 
Hugh  (  ap,  I. 
Baches,  Tnomai  relish  author:  social 

/"ji/j. 
Hugh,  1  b  .  A  river  In  Bengal,  British  In- 

a  brain  ti  of  the  ( , 


l.uir. 
Iiul    , 


liulf  l-l.. 
Iiuu*.   . 


Ii  il. 


Bo 'go, 

M  ml. 


hul-hV 
hulk-,  i 


\  i-  ..mi, 


A  n. 
Mining. 


.'.cm  <  hoi,  hollow.) 


Victor 

■  neb  romantic  lyric 
etc. 

\  i  rencfa 

of  the  time. 

lull-  '-lert. 

rock)  before  blasting.    [< 


bulk,  1  hulk;  2  hulk,  n     I.  lb.  body  of  an  old  or  disabled 
•hip     '!.  Any  unwirldj  i    j  8.  An  old  si  ip  used  for 

•      ■  :    I  '    ,  I  '  .     \    I . .    ,  \  \  . 

rluii  I  .   diip  ,.i  Inii- 

iniik  inn.  i     Hulky:  unwteld)     bulk'yi. 

hull  .  I  Iiul.  2  lull      I-  m  tli.   bull     II.  n. 

■  ■I   ■  nut ,   Ii u   k       |  ■      AS    Kuiu, 

■ 

bull*.    I.         i      >'il r  pieroo  the  hull  ol     II.  n    The 

■    ion  i .  n  | 
Hull1.  ■.      v  .mi  manufacturing  borough  in  N. 

official  immo,  Klngston'upotfllult,  pop  283.000, 

lull    I  i-l.  i-h... '.  •  hi'.  :.' hiiTa  |..i  I,',..',  'i       V  Ion, I  and 

.  ir.  Illliiult .  [I.....        Iliil-lu' : . 

Illll-lo',    II.  ,  •  II  M 

hum.  i  hum;  E  hum.    I.  tt,  ,v  it,    [rcmmi  i>;  hi  m'mim,  1 
I.   I..    Hi-  iii  a  low  tone;  make  a  droning       .  d     8. 

loq  l    To  be  busll)  active, 
II1.  n,     A.  low,  monotonous,  or  inartioulate   ound  (asol 
a'm).   III.  miirj.  K  sound  as  of  h'm  or  turn.  [Imitative.] 
iiiini  .  •!.    A  trick,  cheat,  or  hoax;  humbug,    [<  arm1,  a  sign 

..f  amusemeni  | 
iiuiiini,  i  hiu'men;  8  hQ'tnan,  a.    I.  Pertaining  to  or 

characterising  man  ,.r  mankind,     'i.   P I  by  or 

suitable  for  man.    [  <  I.,  huma  ng  to  a  man  ) 

so  btdmanb.     iiu'iiiaii-isin.  n      l.i  uiuiri'  derived 

from  classical  training;   polite  learning,    'i.  Humanity 

hu  'nian-Nt.  n.     I.  <  Ine  versed  In  the  study  of  tin-  bumanl- 

.i  medieval  classical  scholar.    '£■  <  »ne  who  Is  versed  In 

human    nature       hu"man-ls'lle,   a.      Iiu'maii-lzc,     '     A 

ii      i-i/i .n;  -i/.'im;  i    To  render  numai r  human     hii'- 

man-lsc :.      bu"iuan-l-/a '(bill  ..r-sa'tlou,  n       lui'iii.in- 

kiini".  n.    The  human  rare.    Syn.:  sec  mankind.— hu'- 

iuan-l\ . 

bo-mane',  l  biu-mfin';  2  liu-man',  a.    1.  Having  or  show- 
ing kindness  and  tenderness;  oompa  -'.  Tend- 
ing to  refine;  polite;  elegant.    |<  L.  humamu;  see  hi  - 
Syn.:  benevolent,  benignant,  charitable,  clement,  com- 
passionate, forgiving,  gentle,  gracious,  human,  kind,  kind- 
hearted,   merciful,   pitying,   sympathetic,   tender,   tender* 
ted.    Human  denotes  whal  pertains  to  mankind,  with 
mas  to  Its  being  good  or  evil;  a  ,  the  human  race; 
human  qualities;  we   i"  ;ii  ol  I  '"'inn  achievements,  virtues, 
or  excellences,  Aumon  follies,  vlo                       Human*  de- 

whal  may  rightly  be  expected  ol  mankind  at 
in  the  treatment  ,.f  Bentlenl  beings;  a  humatu  enterprise  or 

endeavor  Is  one  that  Is  intended  to  [in-veiii  or  relieve  suffer- 
ing.    The  humum   man  will  not  needlessly  Inflict  pain  upon 

the  meanest  thing  thai  lives;  a  merciful  man  La  dtspo  ed  to 
withhold  or  mitigate  the  Buffering  even  ol  the  guilty,  rhe 
■•  man  sympathises  with  and  desires  to  relieve 
actual  suffering,  while  one  who  is  humane  would  forestall  and 
prevent  the  Buffering  which  he  sei  ble.    Compare 

good;  mkb<  r ; pitiful;  prrr.  Ant.:  barbarous,  brutal,  orui  I, 
fierce,  ferocious,  Inhuman,  merciless,  pitiless,  ruthless,  sav- 
age, scliish,  unmerciful,  unpltylng. 

-  bu-mane'ly,  mlr. -  hu-iuane'nesH,  n. — bu-man"l- 
(a'rl-an,  n.     A  philanthropist.     -Ism,  n. 
Iiil-iuani-ty,  r».     (-tiks7-,  pi]     1.  Mankind  collectively. 
'!.  Human  nature,    'i.  The  state  of  being  humane;  a  hu- 
man.-a.-t.    4.;./.    Classical  learning. 

Syn..  civilisation,  culture,  refinement;  (pi.  the  humanities) 
beUesWettres,  elegant  literature,  polite  literature 

\hnkinu.  —  Ant.:    barbarism,     boorlahness, 
coarseness,  rudi 
lluin'ber,  1  bum'bsr;  2  humTjer,  n.    An  estuary  of  the  Ouse 
and  Trent  rtvei     i     En  i\i  b  coast. 

Illllll'blc,  |  1    liiim'bl;   2   l„-,iii'lil.      I.    tt.      [HUM'BL(E)DP; 
lium'l)!' ,  1  hi  m'iu.im;  ]      To   make   humble;   humiliate; 

Syn.:  see  abase;  abash;  cbabi  t  n  ;  conqdxb. 
hum 'hie,  a.    [hum'bler;  hum'blest.J    I.  Having  or  ex- 
pressing a  sense  of  inferiority,  dependence,  or  unwortbi- 
•;.  Lowly  in  condition;  unpretending;  ob- 
scure.    •'!.  Lowly  in  feeling  or  manner;  submissive;  def- 
iil.     [!•'.,   <  I.,  bumtft  .  low,    <  humus,  ground  | 

Syn.:  low,  lowly,  meek,  modest,  ObSCUre,  poor,  submissive, 
unasaumiiik'.  unobtrusive,  unpretending,  unpretentious.  See 
i'.  — Ant.:  arrogant,  boastful,  exalted,  haughty,  high, 
lofty,  presuming,  pretentious,  proud. 

huiu'hle-ness,;,.  Humility.— hum 'bllng.rj.  — hum'- 
hlliiK-l>, '"''.  (blebee. 

hum  'hle-hec;",  1  lnim'lil-lii";  2  lium'lil-l.r'',  n.     A  bum- 
bunrllle  pie",  n.     A   pie  made  of  t  h<-  humbles  fllver,  heart, 
r  a  deer,  formerly  served  to  the  huntsmen  and  servants 
at  bunting-feasts.  —  to  eat  humble. pic,  to  make  humble 
apotoj 
bum 'Dies,  n.  pi.    Theentralls,  etc., of  adeer.    [=  numbles,  < 
1 1 1     wimbles,  lombles,  <  le  (<  L.  ille),  the,  +  omblc,  <  L. 
umbilicus,  NAVEL.) 
hum  'hly,  adv.     In  a  bumble  manner. 

Hum 'hold  t,    1    hum-bolt;   •>   hum'bolt.    V.    II.    Alexander, 
Baron  von  (1799-1809).    A  Oerman  scientist,  author,  and 


1:  » =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle:    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cfliin;    go;    rj  =  sirtfl;   fhin,   this 
393         2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,    this. 


hoy 
Huron 


traveler.— H.  Bay,  an  Inlet  on  coast  of  N.  California. — H. 
Lake,  H.  mountains,  H.  river,  a  lake,  mountains,  and 
river  in  Nevada. 

bum 'bug",  1  hum'bug";  2  hum'bug".  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [hum'- 
bugged",  hum'bugd"8;  hum'bug"ging.]  To  impose 
upon;  deceive.  II.  n.  1.  Anything  intended  or  calcu- 
lated to  deceive;  a  sham.  2.  An  impostor.  [  <  hum2  + 
bug.  specter.]     Syn.:  see  quack.— hum 'bug"ger-y,  n. 

bum 'drum",  1  hum'drum";  2  hum'drum".  I.  a.  With- 
out interest;  tedious.  II.  n.  Monotonous  existence; 
tedious  talk.    [  <  hum,  v.,  +  drum.]  [opher. 

Hume,  David  (171 1—1776).   A  Scottish  historian  and  phllos- 

bu'mer-al,  1  hiu'mar-al;  2  hu'mer-al,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
the  humerus.     [<  L.  humerus,  shoulder.] 

hu'me-rus,  n.  [-ri,  pi]  1.  Anat.  The  bone  that  constitutes 
the  skeleton  of  the  upper  part  of  the  arm  or  fore  limb.  2. 
The  corresponding  part  of  some  insects.    [L.] 

bu'mid,  1  hiu'mid;  2  hii'mid,  a.  Containing  sensible 
moisture;  damp.  [<  L.F  humidus,  <  humeo,  be  moist.] 
— hu-mid'i-ty,  n.  Humid  condition;  moisture;  dampness. 
hu'mid-nessj.— hu'mi-dor,  n.  A  place  for  storing  cigars, 
where  the  percentage  of  moisture  is  regulated;  also,  a  small 
box  fitted  for  the  same  purpose. 

bu-mil'i-ate,  1  hiu-mil'i-et;  2  hu-mil'i-at,  vt.    f-AT"EDd; 
-at"ing.]    To  offend  the  pride  or  self*respect  or.    [  <  L. 
humilis,  humble.]    Syn.:  see  abase;  abash. 
— hu-mil"i-a'tion,  n.    Syn.:  see  chagrin. 

hu-mH'i-ty,  1  hiii-mil'i-ti;  2  hu-mil'i-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi] 
1.  The  quality  of  being  humble.  2.  [Poet.]  Deference; 
courtesy;  kindness.    [  <  L.  humilita(t-)s,  lowness.] 

hum'mel,  a.  [Scot.]  1.  Without  horns;  deprived  of  horns,  as 
a  cow.  2.  Bruised;  disfigured.  l<  AS.  hamclian,  mutilate.] 
hum 'inlet.  [humming-bird. 

hummer,  n.     1.  One  who  or  that  which  hums.     2.  A 

bum'mingsbird",  n.  A  small  brilliantly  colored  bird  of 
the  New  World,  mostly  tropical,  related  to  the  swifts: 
they  feed  chiefly  upon  insects  and  the  sweets  of  flowers,  and 
are  named  from  the  humming  sound  produced  by  the  rapid 
motion  of  their  wings  as  they  hover  over  flowers.  The  com- 
mon humming«bird  of  the  eastern  United  States  is  known  as 
the  rubythroat.     See  bird. 

bum 'mock,  1  hum'ak;  2  hfim'ok,  n.  A  small  elevation. 
[Prob.  dim.  of  hump.] — bum'mock-y,  a.  Abounding  in 
hummocks. 

hu'mor,  1  hiu'msr;  2  hu'mor.  I.  vt.  1.  To  yield  to  the 
humor  or  caprices  of.  2.  To  adapt  oneself  to.  II.  n.  1. 
Disposition  of  mind  or  feeling;  characteristic  mood; 
whim;  caprice.  2.  A  facetious  turn  of  thought.  3.  An 
animal  fluid;  formerly  supposed  to  determine  the  tem- 
perament. 4.  A  cutaneous  eruption.  [  <  L.  humor,  < 
humeo,  be  moist.]  hu'mouri  [Eng.].  Syn.:  (verb)  see  in- 
dulge; (noun)  see  fancy;  temper;  whim;  wit. — lui  'mor- 
al, a.  Med.  Relating  to  or  arising  from  the  humors  of  the 
body.— hu'nior-ism,  n.  1.  Med.  The  theory  that  dis- 
ease proceeds  from  vitiated  humors  in  the  body.  2.  The 
spirit  of  a  humorist,     hu'mor-al-ismt. — hu'mor-lst,  n. 

1.  One  who  displays  humor.  2.  A  whimsical  person. — hu"- 
mor-Is'tic,  a.  —  hu'mor-ous,  a.  1.  Adapted  to  excite 
merriment;  amusing.  2.  Moved  by  caprice;  whimsical.  3f. 
Humid;  watery;  moist.  Syn.:  amusing,  comic,  comical,  droll, 
facetious,  funny,  jocose,  jocular,  ludicrous,  sportive,  witty. 
See  jocose. — Ant.:  dreary,  dull,  grave,  melancholy,  mourn- 
ful, sad,  serious,  sober,  solemn. — hu'mor-oiis-ly,  adv. — 
hu'mor-ous-ness,ra.—  hu  mor-some,  a.  1.  Full  of  humors 
or  whims.  2.  Characterized  by  humor;  droll,  -ly,  adv.-ncss,n. 

hump1,  v.    To  bend  or  round  (the  back). 

hump,  1  hump;  2  hump,  n.    A  protuberance,  especially 

that  formed   by  a  curved   spine.     [Cp.    1  >.   homp.] — 

hump'back",  n.    1.  A  crooked  back.    2.  A  hunchback.    :t. 

Awhalebone»whalewllh  low,  humpd Ike  dorsal  fin. — liuiup'- 

backed",  a. — humped,  a.  —  liump'y,  a. 
Hum'per-dlnek,  1  hum'par-dlnk;  2  hum'per-dlrjk.   Engcl- 

bert  (1854-        ).    A  German  critic  and  composer, 
humph,  Inlerj.    An  exclamation  of  doubt  or  dissatisfaction. 

[<  hum,  inierj.)  [symbolical  of  an  egg. 

Hump'tj  =dump'ty,  n.    A  favorite  character  in  pantomime 
hu'mus,  1  hlu'mua;  2  hu'mus,  «.  a  black  or  brown  substance 

formed  by  the  decay  of  vegetable  mat  ter. 
Hun,  1  nun;  2  htm,  n.   1.  One  Ota  barbarous  Asiatic  race  which 

Invaded  Europe  (4th  cent.).    2.  [Recent  I  \  I  lerman  soldier. 

3.  Same  as  Vandal,  2. 
Hun.,  Hung.,  abbr.    Hungarian,  Hungary, 
bunch,  1  huncli;  ?  hunch      I".  vt.     To  push  suddenly; 

jostle;  also,  to  crook,  as  the  back.    II.  »      1.  A  hump, 

2.  A  lump  or  hunk.  '.I.  A  sudden  shove.  [Form  of 
hunk,  n.\  —hunch 'back",  n.  a  humpbacked  person.— 
huneh'backed",  a. 

bund.,  abbr.    Hundred. 

hun'dred,  1  bun'dred;  2  hun'drfid,  I.".  Tentimi  ben 
II.  n.  1.  Tea  times  ten;  also,  the  symbol  representing  it, 
C  or  100.    2,  An  aucieut  subdivision  of  a  couuty:  still 


used  in  the  State  of  Delaware.  [AS.]  —  liun'dred-fold. 
I.  a.  Indicating  a  hundred  times  as  much  or  as  many.  II. 
n.  An  amount  or  cumber  a  hundred  times  as  great  as  a 
given  unit.  III.  adv.  By  a  hundred:  now  always  used  with 
a  (an).— hun'dred th.  I.  a.  Tenth  In  order  after  the 
ninetieth.  II.  n.  The  last  in  a  series  of  100.— bun 'dred- 
weight",  n.      See  weight. 

hung,  1  nun;  2  hung.  imp.  &  pp.  of  hang,  r. 

Hun'ga-ry,  1  hurj'ga-n;  2  bun'ga-ry,  ».  The  eastern  part 
(125,395  sq.  m.;  pop.  20,SS7,000)  of  the  Austro-1  lungarlan 
empire;  capital,  Budapest.— II.  Proper,  the  original  king- 
dom of  that  name  (10S.977  sq.  m.;  pop.  18,142,000). — 
Hun-ga'ri-an,  a.  &  n. 

hun'ger,  1  hun'gDr;  2  hun'ger,  v.  I||.  t.  To  make  hun- 
gry; famish;  starve.  II.  »".  1.  To  crave  food.  2.  To 
have  an  eager  desire. 

hun'ger,?!.  1.  Craving  for  food.  2.  Any  strong  desire. 
[AS.]— hun'ger  strike",  n.  Persistent  abstention  from 
food  in  order  to  obtain  a  certain  end:  sometimes  practised 
by  prisoners  with  the  object  of  securing  release  — bun 'ger« 
strike",  vt. 

hun'gry,  1  hun'gn;  2  hun'gry,  o.     [hun'gri-er;  hun'- 
gri-est.]    1.  Having  a  keen  appetite;  suffering  for  want 
of  food.     2.  Eagerly  desiring;  craving.     3.  indicating 
hunger.    4.  Poor  or  barren.    [ <  AS.  hungrig,  <  h 
hunger.)     hun'geredt;  hun'ger-lyt.     Syn.:  see  c. mm 
— hun'gri-ly,  adv.— hun 'grl-ness,  n.      [Akin  to  book.] 

hunk,  1  hunk;  2  hunk,  n.    [Colloq.]    A  large  piece;  lump. 

hunks,  n.    A  niggardly  fellow. 

hunt,  1  hunt;  2  hunt.  Id.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  pursue,  as  game; 
follow  the  chase.  2.  To  make  a  close  search.  II.  n.  1. 
The  act  of  hunting  game;  chase.  2.  A  search.  .'{.  An  as- 
sociation of  huntsmen.  4.  A  district  hunted  over.  [  < 
AS.  huntian,  hunt.] 

Syn.:  chase,  hunting,  inquisition,  pursuit,  search.  A  hunt 
may  be  either  the  act  of  pursuing  or  the  art  of  seeking,  or  a 
combination  of  the  two.  A  Chase  or  pursuit  is  utter  that 
which  is  fleeing  or  departing:  a  search  is  for  that  which  Is 
hidden;  a  hunt  may  be  for  that  which  Is  either  hidden  or 
fleeing;  a  search  is  a  minute  and  careful  seeking,  and  Is  espe- 
cially applied  to  a  locality;  we  make  a  smreli  of  or  through  a 
house,  for  an  object,  in  which  connection  it  would  be  collo- 
quial to  say  a  hunt.  Hunt  never  Quite  loses  Us  association 
with  fleld=sports,  where  it  includes  both  search  and  elm-,; 
the  search  till  the  game  Is  hunted  out,  and  the  chOSi  till  It  Is 
hunted  down.    Figuratively,  we  speak  of  literary  , 

or  of  the  pursuit  of  knowledge;  a  Search  for  reasons;  II. 
of  fame  or  honor;  hunt,  in  figurative  use.  inclines  to  the  un- 
favorable sense  of  InQUlSition,  but  with  more  of  dash  and 
aggressiveness;  as,  a  hunt  for  heresy. 

— hunt'er,  n.  1.  A  huntsman.  2.  A  horse  used  In  hunt- 
ing.— hunt'ress,  n.  A  female  hunter.  —  huiits'iiian,  n. 
One  who  practises  hunting;  the  attendant  who  has  charge  of 
the  pack  of  hounds  in  a  hunt. — hunt's'. up"[|,  n.  A  tune 
played  on  a  horn  to  awaken  huntsmen  In  the  morning;  hence, 
anything  that,  awakens. 

Hunt,  James  Henry  Leigh  (17S1-1859).  An  English  poet, 
essayist,  critic,  and  publisher. 

Hun'yad-y,  Ja'nos,  l  hun'yed-i,  yu'nosh;  2  bfln'yfid  y.  va'- 
nosh  (1387?— 1456).  A  Hungarian  general  and  national  hero; 
checked  the  Moslem  advance  in  S.  l:.  Europe,  Hun'yad- 
II;  Iln"nl-a'des,  John   . 

hupt,  n.    The  hip  or  hlp-jolnt.    Impel . 

huppet1,  vt.    To  hop.    hupt. 

hurt,  vt.     Same  as  uriiit.  [chin. 

hur'fhcon,  1  hur'chan;  2  hur'chon,  n.  [Prov.  Eng.]  An  ur- 

hur'dles,  1  hOr'diz;  2  hur'dls,  n.  pi.  [SOOt.]  The  loins,  but- 
tocks. 

hur'dle,  11  hur'dl;  2  hur'dl.     I.  vt.     [hub'dlbd;  hi  b/- 

hur'dl1',  )  di.ini!.]  To  make,  olose,  or  hedge  with  hurdles. 
II.  vi.  To  leap  over  hurdles,  aa in  a  b.urdTe»raoe  hur'- 
dler,  n. 

hur'dlc, )  1  hur'dl;  2  hftr'dl,  n.    I.    \   m  work 

bur 'dl*.  J  wattled  together  and  u  ■ 
etc.    2.  A  framework  to  be  leaped  over  in  t. 

Formerly,  a  sledge  for  conveying  criminals  to  execution, 

[<  AS.  huni.i.  hurdle  I 

hur'<lysgur"dy,  1  hur'di-k'itr'di:  2  hut  '•\:  -rui  Mi. 

various  musical  Instrument!  played  b]   turning  a  • 

Bpecii.i  a  hand-oi; 
huret,  vt.    TO  hire. 

burl,  1  hurl;  2  hurl,  o,    I.  (,    1.  To  throw  with  viol 

',!.  To  Bend  forth  or  otter  with  vi  I  ■■        I.  To 

play  at  the  gai ailed  hurling     '.'•   ro  throv  oneself; 

ruah.    [Form  ol  etcbtlii,  v.]    •'    a  burl'er.  n 

hiiri'ing,  n    1.  A  former  game  aim 

land,  t  lie  game  ol  I I  bj  btdmum 

lnir'ly<bur"l>.  l  b0r'li>b0r*li;  2  ni  rumult; 

iin 'ron .  i  niQ'ron;  '■'  hO'rtn,  "     1,  Lake,  the  looond  I 

of  He  i  (real   I  akc  i  ol  N     ^m<  rlca     !  I  800  iq    i 

•i.  <  me  ol  an  [roquolan  trlbt  ol  Indian  .  tormerl)  dwelling 

between  Lukcu  liurou  uud  Ontario. 


tinrr 
h)  inn 


luir-r  tl 
Ill 


m.  It.  nil.  rO!<- 

,      |  .  <ii  i 


D      I'ftrn; 
w6n, 


SM 


1 1 

luir    M-.   i   if- 

«, 

1 1 
ti  11  r   rl.  .1. 

■ 

r  |  .  Iiur   n       .urn. 

I  I 

I  I 

heal.  I 

mical; 

liurl    f  1 1 1  - 1  >  .  hurl    lul- 

-I 

hub' 

'.'.    I 
II.       l .  .  idlong  >.r 

'.'.    .  .  :.mn  Bound. 


. 


luir  1 1  r"y,   a.     The 

II  I 

tin      I.  ill. I.  I    .  I.    ! 

rovidc 

II.         I.  A  married 

mai       -'  '•   ■   \  husbandman.    [< 

uuh'- 
iiu-  i . . 1 1 1 •  i - r > .         i.   igricul- 

IGHH  I  I.I  I  Rl 

hu-ii.  I  .  iki-  silent;  to 

II.  III. 

M.1/.K. 
hll-ll      III.  .11     . 

busk,  .  I  .         .  husk  of.    II. 

I .  - :  riii.l ; 

hull;  e»p<-.  r  of  maize  or  Indian 

.'{.  Anything 
■   .-   •  M  -     hulu, 

busk'rr,  fl        basking,           I  tripping 

oil  husks.  :-    '  to  aid  In 

im-i-  Inn 

tiii-  i-  >  in  bk'i-bsi  ] 

I                                                               '.'.  .  b  busk; 

».]  hu-ki-l). 


liu-   k>. 


Ilu--. 


Iiu-I>  'l-no-ss 


burly. 

i 
1  .'  ;m-iI  and 

John  I    •  •>    1  115). 

<-tiiUu  n  '  llus;. 
tin  ---  ir  . 

■  under   King 

i  .  '  ka'mTI' 

'Ml 

hu- '-> .  -*,  i'l  ]    A  pert  or 

bust  Inc.  i  ■  ting  for  con- 

•  |   A   platform   for 
.  council  J 
bus 'tie,  I 

h  ii  -  1 1  .  I 

■'..    <      ...    I 

•  D,  hurry. 

hus'- 


Jam.  Jo* 
II.  r.   -. 

>  If.- 


I  hun'wlfe't,  rt 

bun  'wlfe-l)  •. 

ini-  wifi-r)  •.  bos'wlf-ryt. 

but.  I  roshel- 

\  hut:  live  in  a  hut.    II.  n.    A  small  rude  dwelling. 

I  <  r   hull'..  <  (j.  hutu.) 


hovel  ibanty,  m»s|     Bee  hoi    i 

bill.  h.  I  I 

inn  1 1  1 1 II.  \  .  ring  anything;  a  unall  nt 

pp  in  i.  ii  i 
urn.  h  in-son,  .ii.  :_•  ini.  ii  in         rhomai    1711 

Mi  viii.rir.m  colonial  uoveriior,  lawyer,  and  author. 
1 1  n  v  •  I, ui.  ■  Ii     Thomas  llrur)   (1825    1806) 

ind  writer 

Ilu.    (.ii-.  <  lirl-.ti.iii     I.      i    1805).     A 

h   mathematician  and  astronomer 
ii*,-    .', 
Ilwang,  \  river  in  « 'hlna;  2,700  m   U 

Mm. mil   HOt- 

M     \\      M   .  HlKli-water  mark 

b]    m  indi.  1  inn  ,-,  [nth,  n     I.  A  bulbous 

cultivated   for   its  spikchko  clustei   ol  Bowers 

i.'umi      ft.  One  ol  various  similar  plants     :t.    \ 

.  iolot,  probablj  the  lapphire,  now 

i.    r.  .Mi  -h,    or    oral  D]   'a-clll'- 

thiii  is.  o.     Pertaining  to  or  like  the  hyacinth;  lovely; 
Uful. 
Mv     ,   .  liitb',  1   I'n-  t  ilbir  <  1827    1912) 

•  ii.  n  pulpll  orator. 
M>   .i-i  ini  bu-.    i    hol'a-sln'thu  ;  2  n    Or. 

Myi>i.  a  beautiful  youth,  i  by  Apollo  In 

;  brow  Ing,  and  changed  to  a  flower. 
Hy'a-des,  l  bol'e-dl  •     pi      I.  Or    Myth    The 

guardians  ol  Bacchus,  changed  Into  stars,  whose  risim;  hum 
the  sun  betokened  the  rain  '  \  cluster 

of  stars  in  Taurus,  Including  AJdebaran,  shaped  like  the 
letter  \ .    H)  'ada  , 
by-n'na,  n     Same  as  an  i  •■  \ 

b)  'at-,     <  I  hdi'iii-.  hui'.i-io-.  2  h\'ai-.  bjVa-lo-    Prom  Greek 
by  .i-lic,  J hyalot,  glass:  combining  (..mis.  denoting 

b>  'a-lin  e.     La     Coi  or  raeembllnR 

transparent.     II.  n.     a  glassy  surface;  something 
transparent,     by'a-lold,  //.     Like  glass;  pelluold. 
Ii>  'brhl,  1  Imi'linil;  2  hybrid.     I.  a.     I.  Produced  by 
interbr ling  or  cros8»f  ertilisation    2.  Derived  from  in- 
congruous sources;  mixed     II.  n      1.  A  hybrid  animal 
..r  plant;  a  mongrel.     '*.  Anything  of  heterogei 
origin  or  incongruous  parts.    (  <  1.  K  hybrida,  mongrel  | 
hy'brld-lsm,  r».     1.  The  stair  of  being  hybrid      hy- 
brid 'l-t> :.    ft.  The  act  of  Interbreeding,  or  or  Inducing  hy- 
bridisation,   ft.  The  mingling  in  one  word  of  elements  from 
than  one  language,     hj  'brid-i/.e,  v.    [-ran:  -iz'ino  i 
I.  /.    1.  To  cause  to  produce  hybrids     2.  To  combine  In  .> 
hybrid  manner.    II.  i.    I.  To  generate  h\iiri<is.    ft.  To  be 
capable  of  cross-breeding.    b>  'brld-Uet.—  by'brld-oas,  </. 
byd.i    h>draul.,   alibr.     Hydraulics.  —  hyd.,   hydros.,  abbr. 
Hydrostatics. 

b>  '(la-lbl,  1  bol'da-tld  or  lild'.i-lld.  2  hy'da-tnlor  hyd'a-tld,  n. 

1.  An  encysted  vesicle  containing  an  aqueous  iiuid.    2.  An 
ted  larval  stage  ol  a  tapeworm.  [  <  (Jr.  hydatls,  drop  of 

water,  <  hydOr,  water.]  hy'da-Us). 
II)  "dcr-a-had'.  Same  as  Haii)AI(aiiai). 
hy'dra,  1  hui'ilr..;  2  hvMra,  n.     |in'l)HAHr  or  iiv'm    i      ] 

-Iri;  2  -'lr.\  pi.]  I.  [ll-j  Or.  Myth.  The  many-headed 
wateiwaeroent  slain  6y  Hercules,     2,  |H-]  A  southern 

.1  iii hi        Set     CONBTXLLATION.      .'$.    Any    evil    ol 

many  forms.  4.  /.».;<//.  A  freeh'Water  polyp.  [<  Or. 
hydra.  Lenucan  scr|>eiit.| — hy'dra>bcad"ed,  a.  Having 
man:,  beads;  hard  to  extirpate 

by'dia-gog,  1  bal'dra-geg;  2  hydra-gOB,  "  Med.  Any  medi- 
cine that  causes  abundant  watery  evacuations. 

Hy-dran'ge-a,  1  hnt-dran'Ji-e;  2  hj-dran'ge-a,  n.  1.  A  genus 
ol  trees  and  shrubs  of  the  saxifrage  family,  with  opposite  usu- 
ally serrate  leaves  and  cym  of  perfect  Dowers.  2. 
|h-|  A  plan!  of  this  genus.    l<  CJr.  hydOr,  water,  +  at 

liy  'draii t ,  1  boi'drant;  2  hydrant,  n.  A  valved  dis- 
charge*pipe  connected  with  a  water*main.  |  <  (jr. 
hydOr  (At/or-),  water.] 

by  'drate,  1  bal'drei ;  2  hy'drat,  n.  A  compound  formed  by  the 
union  of  molecules  of  water  with  other  molecules  or  atoms. 

[<   (ir.  hydOr  (bydr-i.  water  | 

Ii \  -<1  r.ni  'lie.  l  hoi-dre'hk;  2  hy-<lra'li<-,  a.  Pertaining  to 
hydraulics,  involving  tin-  moving  ol  water,  or  force  ex- 
erted by  water.  I<  Gr.  hydfr,  water,  •  aulo  .  pipe.] 
bj-dr.ui 'll-<  al;.  Iiydraulb-  cement,  a  cement  thai  sets 
or  hardens  under  water,     b.  press,  see  htdbo 

under    BTDR08TATN        b.    ram,    an    automatic    devil 

Which  the  'aU  Of  B  volume  of  water  furnishes  power  to  raise, 

a  pari,  as  one.tenih,  to  a  height  much  greater  than  thai  of 

li>-drau'll-cal-l>,  adv.    By  hydraulic  power. 

b)-drau  'lies,    n.      1.   Phytic*.  The    science    of    liquids, 

lally  water,  in  motion.    ~t.  Hydraulic  engineering. 

by  'rlrlr,  1  hul'dnk;  2  hy'drk.  a.    1.   Chan.  Of  or  pertaining  to 

hydrogen  In  combination.   2.  of  or  pertaining  to  water. 
hydro-,  1  hod'dro-;  2  hydro-.    From  Greek  hyiLvr,  water: 
a   corabining   form  —  by"dro-a'er-o-plane,   n,     An 


1: a  =  final;    l-hablt^    aisle;    tiU  —  out;    ell;    iti  =  feud;    <Shin;    go;    fj  =  sinff;    fhin,   this. 
395        2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


hurt 

In  inn 


aeroplane  so  constructed  as  to  be  capable  of  alighting  or  trav- 
eling upon,  traveling  over,  or  rising  from  the  water. — hy"- 
dro-car'bon,  n.  One  of  a  class  of  compounds  that  contain 
hydrogen  and  carbon  only.  —  hy"dro-car"bo-na'ceous,  a. 
Of.  pertaining  to,  or  containing  a  hydrocarbon.  hy"dro- 
car'bon-ate};     hy"dro-car-bon'lct;     hy"dro-car'bon- 


Hydroaeroplane, 


OHSt. — hy"dro-ceph'a-loid,  a.  Pathol.  Resembling  hy- 
drocephalus.       [<      HYDROCEPHALUS      +     -OID.]        liy"dro- 

ceph'a-ioust. — hy"dro-eeph'a-lus,  n.  Pathol.  An  accu- 
mulation of  watery  fluid  within  the  ventricles  or  between  the 
membranes  of  the  brain.  [+  Gr.  kephale,  head.] — hydro- 
chloric, a.  Chem.  Pertaining  to  or  containing  chlorin  with 
hydrogen. — hy"dro-cy-an'ie,  a.  Chem.  Of.  pertaining  to, 
or  containing  cyanogen  in  combination  with  hydrogen. 
cy"an-hy'dricj.— hydrocyanic  acid.anunstable,  volatile, 
colorless,  and  extremely  poisonous  liquid  compound  formed 
by  decomposing  metallic  cyanids  with  hydrochloric  acid, 
having  a  characteristic  odor  resembling  that  of  bitter  al- 
monds, prussie  acid*. — hy"dro-dy-nam'ics,  n.  The 
branch  of  mechanics  that  treats  of  the  dynamics  of  fluids. — 
hy"dro=e-lec'trie,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  electricity  de- 
veloped by  the  escape  of  steam  under  high  pressure. — hy"- 
dro-flu-or'ic,  a.  Chem.  Pertaining  to  or  containing  a  com- 
pound of  fluorin  and  hydrogen. 

hy'dro-gen,  1  hai'dro-jen;  2  hy'dro-gSn,  n.  Chem.  A 
colorless,  odorless,  tasteless,  gaseous  element  (H),  the 
lightest  substance  known,  being  14|  times  lighter  than 
air  and  11,160  times  lighter  than  water,  liquefying  under 
great  pressure  and  at  a  very  low  tempera tuie.  See 
element.  [<  hydro-  +  -gen.] — hy 'dro-gen-ated, 
tt.  To  hydrogenize. — hy"dro-gen-a'tion,  n. — hy"dro- 
gen-if'er-ous,  a.  Containing  or  yielding  hydrogen. — hy'- 
dro-gen-ize,  vt.  [-ized;  -iz'ing.]  Chem.  1.  To  cause  to 
combine  with  hydrogen.  2.  To  produce  (in  a  compound) 
chemical  action  by  hydrogen,  as  that  of  reduction:  distin- 
guished from  oxidize.  hy'dro-gen-isej. — hy-drog'e- 
nous,  a.  Chem.  Containing  or  pertaining  to  hydrogen. 

hy-drog'ra-pher,  n.  One  versed  in  hydrography. — hy"- 
dro-graph'ic,  a.  Relating  to  hydrography.  hy"dro- 
graph'i-caU. — hy-dion'ra-phy,  hy-droK'ra-fys,  n.  The 
scienee  of  determining  and  making  known  the  conditions  of 
navigable  waters,  charting  coasts,  rivers,  etc.  — hy"dro- 
ki-net'lc,  a.  Relating  to  the  motion  of  fluids  and  the  en- 
ergy involved  in  their  motion.  hy"dro-kl-net '1-calt. — 
hy"dro-ki-net'ics,  n.  The  science  of  fluids  in  motion;  also, 
hydrodynamics. — hy-drol'o-gy,  n.  The  branch  of  physical 
geography  that  treats  of  the  waters  of  the  earth. — hy-drol  '- 
y-sis,  n.  The  chemical  decomposition  of  a  compound  that 
occurs  when  water  is  absorbed  by  it,  causing  the  formation 
of  new  compounds. — hy"dro-Iyt'ic,  a.-  hy'dro-lytc,  n. 
Any  substance  affected  by  hydrolysis.  — hy"dro-me-clian'- 
ics,  n.  The  mechanics  of  fluids,  including  hydrostatics, 
hydrodynamics,  hydroklnetics,  and  pneumatics,  hy'dro- 
mel,  n.  A  liquor,  usually  unfermented,  consisting  of  honey 
diluted  with  water.  [  +  Gr.  melt,  honey]  liy"dro-mct 'al- 
Iur"gy,  n.  The  process  of  assaying  or  reducing  ore  by  means 
of  liquid  reagents. —  hy"dro-me'te-or,  n.  A  watery  meteor; 
In  the  plural,  all  the  meteorological  effects  produced  by 
water,  as  rain,  snow,  hall,  etc.  —  hy"dro-nic"te-or-ol'o-gy, 
n.  The  branch  of  meteorology  that  treats  of  bydrometeors 
or  of  water  In  the  atmosphere  liy-drom'p-ter,  n.  1. 
An  instrument  for  determining  the  density  or  specific  grav- 
ity of  solids  and  liquids.  2.  A  current-gage.  hy"<lro- 
met'rlc,a.  hy-drom'c-try,  n.  —  hy-drop'a-lliy,  n .  The 
treatment  of  diseases  by  the  use  of  water;  water-cure. 
hy"dro-path'lc,  a.  hy"dro-path'l-call.—  hy-drop'a- 
tlilst,  n.    One  who  treats  diseases  with  water.     Iiy'dro- 

pathf. 

hy"dro-pho'bI-a,  2  hui"dro-ff>'l>i-;>;  2  hy"dr<>-f<>'bi-a,  ii. 

1.  Pathol.  A  disease  communicated  by  tin-  bite  of  a 
rabid  animal,  due  to  a  specific  virus  in  the  saliva,  char- 
acterized by  great  disturbance  ol  the  central  nervous 
system,  difficulty  of  swallowing,  dread  ol  water,  and 
spasmodic  muscular  contractions;  rabies.  2.  Any  mor- 
bid dread  of  water.  [<  fir.  hydrophobia,  <  hydOr, 
water,  +  phebomai,  fear.]  — hy"dro-pho'blc,  u.  Relating 
to  hydrophobia. 


hy  'dro-phyte,  n.  A  plant  living  in  water  or  in  wet  ground. — 
hy-drop'lc.  Pathol.  I.  a.  1.  Dropsical:  affected  with 
dropsy.  2.  Translucent,  hy-drop'l-cal;.  II.  n.  1.  A 
person  suffering  from  dropsy.  2.  a  medicine  efficacious  in 
the  treatment  of  dropsy.— hy-drop'i-cal-Iy,  ado.— hy  'dro- 
plane,  >i.  An  extremely  light  motor-boal  driven  by  sub- 
merged screws  or  aerial  propellers,  which  is  partially  lifted 
into  the  air  when  traveling  at  speed.  In  'drop'Sv,  n 
Pathol.  Dropsy.  hy'dropst;  hy-drop'si-at.  hy'dro- 
SCOpe,  n.  1.  An  instrument  for  detecting  moisture,  espe- 
cially in  the  air.  2.  An  instrument  for  measuring  time  by 
dropping  water  from  a  graduated  tube.  [+  Gr.  stopeO, 
view.]— hy'dro-stat,  n.  1.  A  contrivance  for  previ 
the  explosion  of  steam-boilers.  2.  An  electrical  device  for 
making  known  the  presence  of  water,  as  a  protection  against 
leakage,  overflow,  etc.  [+  Gr.  histcmi.  stand.]— liy"dro- 
stat'ic,  a.  Pertaining  to  hydrostatics.  hy"dro-'stat '1- 
call.— hydrostatic  press,  a  press  operated  by  the  differen- 
tial pressure  of  water  on  pistons  of  different  diameters 
hy"dro-stat'lcs,  n.  The  science  of  the  pressure  and  equi- 
librium of  fluids,  as  water.— hy"dro-ther'mal,a.  ami.  Of, 
pertaining  to,  or  produced  by  action  of  heated  or  super- 
heated water,  especially  the  action  of  such  water  in  dissolv- 
ing, transporting,  and  redeposlting  mineral  matter  h\"- 
dro-tho'rax,  n.  Dropsy  of  the  chest.— hy-drox'yl,  n.  An 
unisolated  compound  radical  which  occurs  in  alcohols, 
most  acids,  and  many  organic  compounds.— hy-drox'ld,  n. 
A  compound  containing  hydroxyl.  hy-drox'lde{.— hy- 
dros 'y,  a.  Containing  hydroxyl.— Hy"dro-zo'a,  n.  pi.  A 
class  of  coelenterates,  including  jellyllshes,  etc.  [  -f-  Gr.  zOon. 
animal.]— hy"dro-zo'an.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the 
Hydrozoa  or  hydrozoans.  II.  n.  One  of  the  Hvdrozoa. — 
hy'drous,  a.    Watery;  containing  water  or  hydrogen. 

hyet,  r.    To  hie;  hasten,     hylic;. 

hy-e'na,  1  hai-I'na;  2  hy-e'na,  n.  A  cowardly  carnivorous 
mammal  having  the  Hyena 
fore  legs  longer  than 
the  hind.  [<Gr.hyaina 
(from  its  hog=like  mane), 
<  hys,  hog.]  hy'ent; 
hy'enet. 

Hy"eres,  1 1'ar';  2  y"er/,  n. 
A  seaport  in  S.  France; 
pop.  18,000. 

hy'e-tal,  1  hai'i-tal;  2  hy'- 
e-tal,  a.  1.  Pertaining 
to  rain  or  rainfall.  2. 
Rainy.       [<    Or.   hyetos,    rain    (<    hyO,   send    rain).] 

hy'gi-ene,  1  hoi'ji-In;  2  hy'gi-en,  n.  The  branch  of  medi- 
cal science  that  relates  to  the  preservation  of  health; 
sanitary  scienee.  [<  Gr.F hygiaind,  be  healthy  |  h]  "- 
gl-en'ic,  a.  Pertaining  to  hygiene.  Syu.:  Bee  healthy. 
— hy'gl-en-ist,  «. 

hy'gro-,  1  hoi'gro-;  2  hy'gro-.  From  Greek  I  v ;.  .  wet :  a 
combining  form,  denoting  relation  to  moisture.  —  hy- 
grom'e-ter,  n.  An  instrument  for  ascertaining  the  humid- 
ity or  hygrometrlc  state  of  the  atmosphere.  [  |  Gr.metron, 
measure.] — hy"gro-met'rlc,  a.  l.  Pertaining  to  hygrom- 
etry  or  the  stale  of  the  atmosphere  as  to  moisture.  8.  Read 
lly  absorbing  and  retaining  moisture.    li>"gro-inct  'rl-cal;. 

— hy"grom'e-try,  n.    The  branch  of  physics  that  treats  of 

the  measurement  of  degrees  of  moisture,  especially  the  mois- 
ture of  the  air.— hy'gro-scope,  n.     \  de\  Ice  for  Indicating 

roughly   the  humidity   Of   the  Olr.      I  I     -SCOPE.]      Ii>  ">fn»- 

scop'lc,  </.    I.  Pertaining  to  the  bygroscope,  or  capable  of 
being  detected  only  by  ii.    2.  Able  to  absorb  or  condense 

moisture     from     the    atmosphere-.       :t.    Bot.    I  Apandlhg    or 

shrinking  according  to  the  amount  of  moisture. 

Hyk'sos,  1  hik'sos;  2  hyk'sos.  n.  pi.     See  SHEPHERD  KINQB. 

hyl-,     J 1   hail-,  hai'le-,  boi'lo-;  2   li.\l-,   M 

hy'la-,  r  I''rcuii  Greek  hylS,  wood,  .-lull I 

hy'lo-, )  denoting  relation  to  wood  oi  tomatl 
as  opposed  to  the  immaterial      bj  'Usui,  u.    I.  Mate- 
rialism.  2.  The  theory  that  matter  is  the  prlni 
of  evil.     liy'l<i-(lie"lsiii,  n .    The  doctrine  thot  the  i 
unlveree  is  God;  pantheism.    I  I    Gr.  theos,  God  I    hylo- 
/d'Imii,  a.    The  doctrine  mat  life  and  man 
rable     i      Or.  i  Son,  animal  i 
by 'men1,  1  hal'men;  2  Q?'men,  n     inal    \  thin  membrane; 

the  virginal  membrane,    i      Or.  .  membrane  I 

Ily'iiicn-,  a.    I.  Or.  Math.  The  '-•  |h-J 

The  wedded  state.    [L.,  <Gr  Hymln,  god  of  marriage.] 

Iiy"mc-ne'al.     I.  <;       Pertall  ' ■  > !- 

iie'anj.     II.  n.     A  wedillnr-.oiie       N\  n       ,,    UATRtM 

IIy"iiii>ii-op'tfr-ii,  1  hoi'men-op'tei  ip'tCi 

a,  n.  /'I.  l-'.iti'im     in  order  of  i  l  fout  mi  m 

bra  ""ii    '■'.  ">."  i,  and  mo  I  IS  a  n  orm^liki  larva,  and 
tive  pupa,  includii  mt«,  etc     I  - 

Gr.  hymen,  membrani  ii>"men-o|i'ter, 

7i.    hy  "men-op 'ter-ous,  ••     ii>"nieii-<>i>'<er-iii:. 
hymn,  1  himj  2  b\  io     I.  -  uni  d;  m  u 

To  bu  i"  hi  mi'  -.  ting  praj  »b     II.  r», 

A  song  expressive  of  praise,  adoration,  or  eleVEtod  mho- 


h>  n .1  «■ 
I.  1.(1. x- 


•  ■      I         ii         (l            ir     l.ftrn; 
i         i  i  r,  » An, 


Ml 


I 


h)old  arch. 


\    li    4 IS 


!i)    !••  r-. 


■ 

b]  - 

•  tin-  difference 

ti>-|i.  r   I.,. -I.  . 

In     |i.  r-t«.i|  'Ir,       li>  'per- 
il) "|MT- 

II  ■     |"  r-l.,,  r.  -  in       I.  1. 

north: 
■  I 

I'    r-rrlt  'Ir,    n       A 

li>  '  M  r-i  rll    l-i   il. 

•-:.:-■'   -.1  :  i>"  -      -gi  k  \\u~M 
.1-1)  .  Ii>  "p.-r-i  rll    l-i  lim,         I'lulu- 

h)  '  |i-  r-i...  - 

if"  !■■-  •■  r  the  eye  In  which 

•.«  »t  a  distance  are  seen  n. 

I.>  "|i. -r-iin  I  Yo-p)  :.        li) -per  in>-pli) ,     n 
-■■    or   exce*. 

'  -    B,  Tt-OD  of 

.   Incarnation  or  n^iit 

h>  'ph.  ii.  -  .,  \u,\\. 

li)  'fen  ,  I  he  ele- 

■ 
by 'I 

•  -  •-  :.  ••  •    ;  ...-•       '       h)    phi  ii-. i   lion.  • 
h)  |i   li-.     I   . 
li)  p  ih>-.  ining  forms.  —  h>  p- 

llol    ..-_■  .  . 

a  treatise  on  sleep 

h>  i>-ii.i  -I-.  I. 

■  •  bringing  OH 

' 

hnnwl  !• .  .  i.i. 

linjr  to 
"-  -on.     [  <  Gr. 

.    ■      '       ■    • .:  •       -■■•;■: 
bj  p  'm-ii-rn.  .  n.     An  arti- 

•  in  which  ti 

lion  or 
h)  p  iio-i  i-t . 
'■•'••■     Mjp'no-ti/"      -ii-  '.r:.     byp'no-ttse, 

h)p'no-il-. 

.- 

- . .  lndl- 

1  -'   '  •'       •  ■    '::.••-'     •  '         .    •  -•  -  .,f  compounds,  (.  i  .  the 

!••*•-"  '  h)  poliromifc.  u  compound 

'    ■'■  •    h>  pohromoij.  arid;  h>  poplio-phatc.  •  '  I 

-.  under,  leas  than.  h)p"o- 

f  mind. 
h>  P"o-<  lion 'drl-ar.    l.n    Bub- 
Jeet  to  Irrii.  1 1 

h>  p"o-c  lion  '<]  r  I  - 1 J 1 1  > .  r:       \-\,H\-\,  pi  \ 

That  realor. 

||>-!""    ri--) .  . 

Ssrcu  affectation,  cant,  dissimulation,  formalism,  pharlsa- 


iii  llinoliy, 
i  holding 
M bother 

I 

ihc  offor- 

'  II    urinal 

| 

Intly  manner  w  lUioul  a 

iii  ION. 

Igcnuous- 

.  truth,  truthfulness. 

.-km ;  2  bj  p'o-erit,  n     One  who  acts 

pari  or  i 


li)l>'i>-«  rid  . 
b)  p  •->  ril    . 

.  pari  on  the 
:  ,i-r.  dissembler,  Imp*  dcr.    A 

oni  nrhi 
than  the  real.     Thi 

iti.-r  where  I  Lin;  the 

•  Its  to  give  false  Impression 
to  himself.    The  <fl  mtenl  if  be  c 

conduct  or  i-vii  purpose  from  being  discovered; 
i  ol  merely  to  cover  his  vices,  bul  to  gain 
r.ir  \  irinr.    The  cheat  and  Impostor  endeavor  t"  rnake 
t  those  ■        deoeh  e     The  cheat 

i-  the  Inferior  :iini  more  mercenary,  as  the  thlmble*rlg  gam- 
bler; the  <m;  plre  to  a  fortune  or  a  throne.  ■  ">n- 
pare  bttpi  k  . 

h\ p'o-rrit 'i-cal.  a.     Pertaining  to  a  hypocrite  or 

h)  p"i»-<Tlt  'l-cal-l)  . 

li)  p'o-ilrriii.  rhe  cellular  layer  between  the  cuticle 

:mii  the  basal  membrane  of  an  bisect.     li>p"o-dcr'inlc,  o. 

olng  to  the  area  under  the  akin  or  cuticle;  Introduced 

or  found  under  the  skin      hyp"o-gas'trtcf  a.  l.  Pertaining 

li)  p"o-gas'- 

tri-um,  a.  [-TBI- a,  pi.\  The  region  al  the  lower  pan  of  the 
abdomen  on  the  middle  line    [+  <  hy"po» 

phos  piiiir.  ■     i  hen     I  salt  of  hypopbosphorous  at 

inlc  hi  nervous  debility,  anemia,  etc      by"po-phoa'- 
pbo-roos,  a      Denoting  a  monobasic  acid  derived  from 

phosphorus  ll)-popli')-KC.    n.        Arch.        A     horizontal 

rounded  groove  under  a  member,  as  In  archaic  Doric  capl- 

hy-poe'ta-sls,  i  I.  mat  which  forms  s 

groundwork.or  support  for  anything;  a  '-'■   \fetaph. 

l     \  distinct  Individual  robs!  \  logical  sui>- 

■  '■■  i    Any  one  or  the  i"  i  rinlty. 

rat.-  personal  subsistence  of  each  of  the  three 

m  of  the  Trinity  In  one  divine  mibstance     4.  Pathol. 

i    a  settling  down  of  a  Muni  of  the  body,  as  the  blood,    (-') 

a  morbid  deposition  of  sedimentary  matter 

within  the  body.    I  -    <  .r 

h)"po-s(at 'le,  a       I.  TheoX    Distinctly 

!       'I.    Relating    to  or   proceeding 

from    i  .  mental.      ;{.    Pathol. 

Dg  from  downward  pr.  sure     li>"- 

po-s(at  'l-cal-l) ,     Oi  li\  "po-siil'li(f, 

i-'-ii  as  a  fixing  agent 
in  photograph        by-pot 'e-nuse,  n.  The 
I  triangle  opp 

h]     hy- 

poth  V-llll 

h)po(ii.,  nbhr.    Hypothesis,  hypothetical. 

li)-polh 'i-calr,    \l.       [-CAT*Ba>*;    -CAT*WO.] 

lonal   property)  In  i 
for  debt.  r<  QT.hvpothlli,  pledge.] 

h)  -polli'V-ca'tlnn.  -ca"lor.  u 

hy-potb'e-gJs,    1  hm-peth't-sis;    2  hy- 
V  state  oi  things 
■   exper- 
iment, or  investigation;  an 
or  ill«supported  theory.     [<  btpo-  + 
tathSmi,  place  j 
Syn.:  conjecture,  guess,  scheme, 

theory, 
tatemenl  of   what  la 
;    possibly  trui-.  assumed  and  rea- 
soned upon   as   if  certainly  true,  with  a 
view    of   reaching    truth   i •  •  > t    -<t    surely 
known:    especially,  In   the  sciences,  a  hypothesis  Is  a  com- 
prehensfve  tentative  explanation  of   certain    piirnomena, 
which  i-  meant  to  include  all  other  facta  of  the  same  class, 
aini  which  Is  assumed  as  true  tin  there  has  been  opportunity 
to  bring  all  related  facts  Into  comparison;  if  the  hypothesis 
as  all  the  facts,  it  It  regarded  as  verified;  tin  then  it  is 
led  as  a  working  hypolhesti,  that  Is.  one  that  may  an- 
swer for  present  practical  purposes.    A  hypothesis  may  be 


Hyssop. 


o<v*        i:a=,*fin?I;   i!  —  Ihal?,tl    a'sle,i    OU  =  out;    oil;    IQ  =  fewd;    CTlin;    go;    n  =  aing;    thin,   this. 
307       2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,  bum;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


hynde 
lchthy- 


termed  a  comprehensive  guess.     Compare  guess;  system; 

theory.— Ant.:  certainty,  demonstration,  discovery,  evi- 
dence, fact,  proof. 

— hy"po-thet'Ic,  -i-cal,  a.     Having  the  nature  of  or 

based   on  hypothesis;   conjectural.     Syn.:  see  imaginary. 

— hy"po-thet'I-caI-ly,  adv. 
hy'rax,  1  hai'raks;  2  hy'raks,  n.    A  small  hare=like  ungulate 

mammal  of  Africa  and  southwestern  Asia;  the  cony  of  the 

Bible.    [  <  Gr.  hyrax,  shrew-mouse.] 
hy 'son,  1  hai'sn;  2  hy'sn,  n.   A  grade  of  green  tea  from  China. 

[Chin.] 


hys'sop,  1  his'ap;  2  hys'op,  /!.  1.  A  bushy  medicinal  herb 
of  the  mint  family,  about  2  feet  high,  with  small  clusters 
of  blue  flowers.  See  illus.  on  preceding  page.  2.  An 
unidentified  plant  furnishing  the  twigs  used  in  the 
Mosaic  purificatory  and  sacrificial  rites,  etc  [  <  Heb  Gr 
ezoph.  aromatic  plant.] 

hys-te'ri-a,  1  his-tl'n-a;  2  hys-te'ri-a,  n.  A  nervous  affec- 
tion occurring  typically  in  paroxysms  of  laughing  and 
crying  alternately.  [<  Gr.  hystera,  womb.]  hys-ter'- 
Icst.— hys-ter'f-cal,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  like  hysterics-  fit- 
fully emotional,   hys-ter'lcj.— hys-ter'1-cal-ly,  adv 


I  i    Roman. 


3ft 


Black 
Letter. 


J?*- 


Script. 


I,  I,  1  ai;  2  I,  n.  [ies,  I's,  7s,  1  aiz;  2  ig,  pi.]  A  letter:  the 
ninth  in  the  English  alphabet. 

I,  pron.  [my  or  mine,  me,  sing.;  we,  our  or  ours,  us,  pi.] 
The  nominative  case  singular  of  the  personal  pronoun 
of  the  first  person.     [  <  AS.  ic] 

It,  intcrj.    Same  as  aye,  or  ay. 

I.,  abbr.  Idaho,  Imperator  (L.,  emperor),  iodin,  Island. — I., 
abbr.  Immortalis  (L.,  undying),  Intransitive. — la.  (official), 
Io.,  abbr.    Iowa.  [See  Othello. 

I-a'go,  1  I-fi'go;  2  i-a'go,  n.  The  perfidious  friend  of  Othello. 

i-am'bus,  1  ai-am'bus;  2  I-am'bus,  n.  [-bi,  pi.]  A  foot 
of  two  syllables,  a  short  or  unaccented  followed  by  a 
long  or  accented  one.  [L.,  <  Gr.  iambos.]  i'ambt>  — 
1-am'blc.  I.  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  employing  the  iam- 
bus. 2.  Having  characteristics  of  iambics.  II.  n.  Pros.  1. 
An  iambus.  2.  A  verse,  line,  or  stanza  composed  of  iambic 
feet.    3.  A  satire  or  invective  poem  in  iambic  verse. 

-Ian,  suffix.    See  -an. 

I 'an  Mac-lar'en,  1  Fan  mak-lar'en;  2  i'an  mac-lar'eh.  A 
pseudonym  of  John  Watson. 

lb.,  Ibid.,  abbr.    [L.]    Ibidem  (in  the  same  place). 

I- ha  Man,  1  T-ba'dan;  2  I-ba'dan,  n.  A  town  in  southern 
Nigeria;  pop.  175.000. 

I-be'ri-a,  1  ai-bi'n-a;  2  I-be'ri-a,  n.  The  ancient  name  of  (1) 
Transcaucasian  Georgia;  (2)  the  Spanish-Portuguese  Penin- 
sula.   Iberian  Peninsula:!. — I-be'ri-an,  a.  &  n. 

I"ber-vllle',  1  i"ber-vll';  2  i"ber-vll',  Pierre  Lemoine  or 
Lemoyne,  Sieur  d'  (1661-1706).  A  French-Canadian 
navigator,  commander,  and  explorer. 

i'bex,  1  ai'beks;  2  I'beks,  n.     One  of  various  wild  goats, 
especially  the  Alpine.     [L.,  species  of 
goat.] 

i'bis,  1  ai'bis;  2  I'bis,  n.  A  wading  bird, 
with  cylindrical  bill  bent  downward; 
among  the  ancient  Egyptians,  sacred 
to  Thoth.    [L.,  <  Gr.  ibis,  ibis.] 

-Ible.     A  suffix  of  adjectives:  the  equiva- 
lent of  -able;  as,  edible,  from  the  Latin 
ede-re,  =  eatable.    [  <  L.  -ibilts, 
form  of  -bills  (see  -ble)  after 
verb-stems  not  ending  In  -a-.] 

Ib'sen,  lib'scn;  2II>'s6n,  Ilenrlk 
(1828-1906).  A  Norwegian 
dramatist  and  poet. 

-Ic,  suffix.  1.  Used  as  an  adjec- 
tive termination  with  general 
sense  of  "of,"  "pertaining  to," 
or  "like,"  as  in  artistic,  or  as  a 
termination  of  nouns,  as  In 
logic.  2.  Used  In  chemistry,  in 
the  names  of  compounds,  to 
denote  a  higher  valence  of  the 
clement  from  which  the  compound  Is  named  than  Is  ex- 
pressed by  the  suffix  -ous;  as,  nitric  acid;  nitrous  acid.  [< 
L.  -icus  or  Gr.  -itos.] 

I.  C,  abbr.    [L.]    Iesus  Chrlstus  (Jesus  Christ). 

-leal,  suffix.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  like.  [  <  L.  -icalis,  <  -icus, 
-ic,  +  -alis,  of  the  kind  of.] 

I-ca'rl-a,  1  ul-kc'n-a;  2  I-ca'rl-a.  n.  A  valley  In  Attica, 
Greece,  near  Mount  Pentcllcus. 

I-ca'rl-an  sea.    A  part  of  the  yivgean  sea,  W.  of  Samos. 

Ic'a-rus,  1  ik'a-rus;  2  Ir'a-rfis,  n.  dr.  Myth  A  youth  who,  In 
flight  with  his  father,  Daulalus.  from  rrcic,  fell  into  I  lie  sea 

when  the  sun  melted  iiir  wax  thai  fastened  his  wings. 
I-ca'rl-an,  a.     Pertaining  to  Icarus;    hence,   high-flying; 
venturesome. 
Ice,  1  ode;  2  ic,.    I.  vt.  &  vi.    [iced*;  ic'ino.]    I.  To  freeze 
or  chill.     2.  To  congeal  into  ice.     3.  To  fro  '  oal  i 

with  icing.  II.  n.  1.  Congealed  "i  frozen  water;  the 
solid  condition  assumed  by  wafer  below  32°  Fahr.  2.  A 
water-ice  or  the  like.    3.  Frosting;  icing.    [  <  AS.  is.] — 


Alpine  Ibex 


Ice'berg",  n.  A  thick  mass  of  Ice  found  floating  In  the  sea 
in  high  latitudes.— ice'«bllnk",  n.  a  shining  whiteness  on 
tile  horizon  produced  by  the  reflection  of  distant  masses  Ol 
Ice.— ice-boat,  n.  1.  A  framework  with  skaidikr  runners 
and  sails  for  sailing  over  ice.  2. 
A  specially  constructed  steam- 
boat, having  a  strong  prow  and 
powerful  engines,  used  to  break 
up  ice  in  navigable  channels. 
Icesbone,  n.  The  aitchbone. 
— Ice = bound,  a.  Hemmed  in 
or  obstructed  by  ice;  frozen  in. 
— ice=box,  n.  A  refrigerator. 
ice=chestt.—  lee=breaker,  tt. 
1.  A  structure  for  deflecting 
ice  from  a  brldge-pler  or  the 
like.  2.  Same  as  ice-boat,  2. 
— icecream,  n.  Cream,  milk. 
or  custard  sweetened,  flavored. 
and  frozen.  —  Iced,  pa.  1. 
Coated  or  covered  with  Ice  or 
sleet.  2.  Made  cold  with  Ice. 
3.  Covered  with  icing,  as  cake. 
— Ice=field,  n.  A  large  field  of 

floating  ice.     ire  Moat  ;  ;    lce»  American  Ice  boat 

floet.— lce=fishing,  n.  Fish- 
ing through  holes  cut  In  the  Ice— Icehouse,  n.  A  build- 
ing for  storing  ice— lce=plant,  n.  A  creeping  plant  of 
Southern  Africa  and  the  Mediterranean  region  with  leaves 
covered  with  glistening  frost-tike  protuberances.  —  lee< 
water,  n.  1.  Water  chilled  by  ice.     2.  Melted  ice. 

Ice.,  Icel.,  abbr.    Iceland. 

Ice'land,  1  ais'land;  2  [eland,  n.  A  Danish  island  (39.756 
sq.  m.;  pop.  85,000)  In  the  N.  Atlantic  ocean  Iceland 
moss,  an  edible  lichen  of  the  Arctic  regions,  which  may  be 
made  Into  a  nutritious  jelly.  — I.  spar,  transparent  calotte: 
largely  used  for  optical  purposes  on  account  of  lis  double 
refraction. — Ice'land-cr,  n.— Ice-land  'Ic.  I.  a.  <  >f  or 
pertaining  to  Iceland.  II.  n.  The  language  of  Iceland. 
Old  Norse}:.— modern  Icelandic,  the  Icelandic  language 
since  the  16th  century. 

ten.,  icbth.,  abbr.    Ichthyology. 

Ich'a-bod,  1  ik'a-bod;  2  Ic'a-bod,  n.  A  grandson  of  Kit.  / 
Sam.  iv,  21.    [Heb.,  inglorious,  the  glory  has  departed  I 

ich-ncu'mon,  1  ik-niu'man;  2  le-nu'mpn,  r».    1.  A  civet" 

like  carnivore,  of  somewhat  weasel  like  aspect,  as  the 
mongoose,  feeding  on  mice,  eggs,  snakes,  etc  ''-•  \n 
ichneumon-fly.  fL.,<Gl  ichneumBn,  ■  ichneud, hunt  I 
— lch-neu'mon=lly",  n.  A  nymenopterous  Insect  that  de- 
posits its  eggs  upon  or  in  oilier  Inserts  which  Itfl  larva'  K  III 

feed  upon. 
ten-nog 'ra-phy,  1  lk-neg're-n;  2  le  nOft'ra  fy,  »     The  :ti  or 

drawing  by  means  of  oompass  and  rule,  or  of  tracing  plans, 

etc.   [<  Gr.  Ichnograyhia,  <    Icluwt.  trace;  and  see  -obafhi  1 

— Ich 'no-graph,  n,    a  ground-plan. 
1'chor,  l  al'ker;  2  l'e6r,  n     I.  ( Ian,  Myth.  The  ethereal  fluid 

supposed  to  How  ill  the  veins  of  I  lie  goclM.     'i.  A  watery  aerld 

humor  discharged  from  sores.    [  < 

Gr.    Uhiir.   Juice.]      I 'clior-o-e,  a, 

Med.    Full    of,    mingled    Willi,   or 

like  Ichor.     1'clior-old  ; ;  I'clior- 

ousf. 
Ich 'thy-,      )  1  ik'llu-;  2  f.-'tliy-. 
Ich'thy-o-,  (  F  r  o  mi      ( I  r  e  e  l< 

ic  h  t  h  us  ,  a  fish:  com  hi  in  ng 

forms,        Ich'thy-old.     1.  ". 

<  if   or    like   :i    Bah,     lch"f  li>-oi'- 
dali.     II.  B,     A     llsh-llkc    verlc- 

i,  rs  i  e.        lchwthy-ol'o-gy,  ». 

The  branch  of  zoology  that  treats 

of  flshee  or  Pitea,       t<- ii"t  li> - 

ol'o-glst,  u       lch"thy-oph'a-      lohneumonJIy.    'A 

gis(,»     One  who  feeds  on  fl  h     leh"thy-opli'»-gous,a 

Fish-eating.     i<h"tiiy-o|iira-g>,  n    The  praotlsi  of  feed 

lng  on  fish.      [+  Gr.  phageln,  feed.]  —  lcb"ihy-o-»au  - 


.  . 


p 


>      I  It,  poll        "         ..-A;  net.  er;  full,  riklo;  l>«t.  I<nrn; 

i  .111  I  ....  .  Or,  won, 


:t!W 


i 

■urv.  III..- 

.•II    .  I  k..ll 

I . 
i  •  rtain  religious 

■  till    wore 

.'.  ■    kditionnl 

j    l-con'o- 

....  i  , 

I    l-h.    .Ir..ii    . 

insular  In  k  neuter 


11  .Hi  Jaun- 

-i-i  .ii       II. 

i 

! 

rtoal  strwi.r  men  I 


u  >. 


I 
1 1 1.. 


1.  P<  rtaining 

:  manner,  as- 

lr'1-ly,  .  icy  manner; 

l.   >  -  in  ~~  . 

»  cftrmi--  aimoi  of  oompminrin    [<  L. 

.Id.  (2)  /  had. 

..■  .  lorati. 

ii.  •  - |   <  i  . |  American 

rcmOMMMCal  Of  l'hllu.iun..  Islands.  I'JIio    ]'"<; 
1 

:t.   \ 
t  ...  dard  of 

"'-'■       •::'•  •:.     .i."   '•  '    [»•.    iM-lii-f,   r.i[ici.|i,   concept. 

r ■■:.■•  ;.-....:.    dfatgn     '.,:.         ;.,:.•.-.,   idi-al,   Image.   Imaglna- 
lon.  Impression 

plan,   purpose,   at  thoiiKht. 

nllled  In 
early  philosophic.  ,  which 

"'-»'  '  l --■•:.-  ■  '  .•  ■  •-  l::i:»-rfi-.  :l>    irnlxxl)       'I  hi-  high  sense 

-    '     -'       '■     •:  ;-  ■"•■:  from  •-..•  -.\..r.|  W,a,  and  ha.s  been 

larcHjr  approprlat'  original 

r..-.ir..r_^   -•..   ..;  ;-   .--    ...:..•.   .;.    ■■...,..,.•..  a|  .,r  philosophical 

:•. pillar 

l.llt    B 

thlm: 
•^'"'^■•'^i '•':'•■  -     •    thus,  almost  anj  mental  product,  as 

■ 

'  .  IMV.t,  THOI  0H1        Alit.: 

i-de  il,  i 

-'• 
'■ 

maglnary.unr  Com- 

-  .1.  palpable, 
'antlal.  tarn.-      • 
1 

■  type. 

*.  That  which  tiiiU)  only  in  irnaginatiou. 


ihIoI,  original  lot)  po, 

i 
■  objool  ..t  attalnmoiii 
..■  primal  form,  actual  ..r  Imaginary,  ao 

i  iiik  Lblnil  h  .  on  itruotod    •  ■ 

.    n. >i  bo  the  ..I Iglnal  form, 

with  thi  \. 

low i\  .i.\ eloped  oven  from 

moanl  lo  be  porfot  t, 

blllt  ■■  be  at 

ow  n  mental  Image,  ..f  which 

but  an  Impi  1 1  m     The  origU 

men,  good  or  bad .  the  nr  tut  mil  ol  ■  master 

i  he    I  intbird  ma)  be  below  the 

i  hi  i  (sal  is  Imaginary  .  »i>d  ordlnarllj  unattainable; 

i.  to,  and  ordlnarllj  attainable,  being  a 

.-.  i.i  which  all  else  <if  Iti  Kimi  must  conform 

of  weights  and  moasures,  of  corn,  or  of  cotton     rhe 
■'■  mental  eonoept  or  image  of  virtue  In  gen* 
.■/  of  virtue  la  the  mental  concepi  nr  in 

virtue   in   Its   hlghesi    c olvable   perfection      Compare 

t  \  vmii  ► .  mi  i.  Ant.:  accompllohmont,  achievement,  act, 
action;  attainment,  development,  doing,  embodiment,  <-\<-- 
outlon,   fact,  Incarnation,   performance,  practise,  reality, 

.Hull. 

i-iii    ii-i-m.  n     I.  /•'..'•..  The  doctrine  that  Ideas  are 

tin Ij  objects  Immediate]]  known     S.  The  quest  ..f  Ideal 

perfection      I  endeavor  to  attain  perfection  by 

uniting  in  cuir  form  ail  the  Oneet  Qualities  to  be  found  In  In- 
dividual form         l-dc'.il-l»(.    •        l-di •"al-l-'tlr.    a       l"cle- 

ai  i-i>  .  •  .  i  n  -'.  />/  ]  1.  The  oondltlon  <>r  character  or 
being  Ideal      l-de'al-nesi  .     .'.  The  power  or  tend) 

form  Ideals  l-«l«-"al-l-za 'l-.r  --a'  lion,  n  l-de  al-l/c. 
l-di'jl-l-e,     •    ,\    ii       [-1/1  n,     ill.;    -ICING),    -m'INO.l      TO 

Ideal;  beautify:  form  Ideal       i-dc'al-l/."or,  -is'Vr, 

l-de'.il-h  . 

I 'linn,  l  nl'dem;  •_•  I'dem,  n     i    •  ibbrevlated  id.  |i..| 

l-ili-n  'li-cal,  1  ai-den'ti-kl;  2  f-den'ti-el,  a.    I.  Absolutely 
the  '.'•  I  i  [form.    [<  1. 1.,  ideiUictu,  <  L.  idem, 

use  ! 
Syn.:  alike,  equivalent,  Interchangeable,  Bame,  lelfsame, 
iinr     Strictly,  no  two  persona  or  things  can  be  Iden- 
tical or  the  8ame.    in  looser  usage,  two  volumi 
to  i"-  Identical  or  the  taint  In  contents;  a  carbon  copy  la 
Identical  In  substance  with  the  original,  but  Is  not  the  tamt 
document.    Two  synonyms,  as  "begin"  and  "oommi 
may  be  in  most  casi  and  but  rchanoeabU  .  but  one 

Is  not  tin- wm.  as  the  other,  and  ai  aomi  will  be 

found  to  draw  apart,  either  huneanlng  or  use.    a  .-in-<-k  may 
be  egutDah  m  to  the  money  apeolned,  but  it  is  not  tin- 
hence,  the  bribegiver  prefera  to  pay  cash,  i» 
cannot  be  b  i  oeck.    When  a  person  or  thim,-  la 

surety  reeognlsed  as  the  very  one  referred  to,  and  no  other, 
.  iii.  nt triti  man,  the  tit.  ntical  document," 
or  "the  Mini   man,  document,"  or  tin-  like.    This  is  ihc 
thought  underlying  the  use  of  the  noun  In  the  phrase  "per- 
Identitv."    Saint  la  the  popular,  Identical  the  philo- 
sophical word,    and   no  more  specific  and  absolute.     Bee 
Alit.:  contrary,  different,  dissimilar,  distinct, 
diverse,  other,  separate,  unlike, 

l-ilin'll-ial-l}  ,  adv.     l-den'tl-cal-ness,  n. 
l-di-n'tl-fy,  1  ni-.l.n'ii-fui;  2  1-dSn'ti-fy,  if.    [-TIED;  -ky"- 
ata.]    1.  To  assert  or  prove  to  l»-  absolutely  the  same. 
'.'.  i  o  join  with;  unite.    8.  I  o  aso  rtain  or  determine  the 
rnality,  character,  or  relations  of.    4.  To  serve  as  a 
mark  for  n-rotrnition .  —  i-(I<ll"( i-H-ca 'lion,  n . 
l-den'tl-ty,  1  ai-den'ta-ti; 2 1-d6n'ti-ty, n.    |-tm.sz,  /-/.]    1. 
•  !•■  Lag  idi  atical  or  absolutely  the  same.    'i. 
■>.:>■  character  belonging  to  an  individual  or 
a  cla       -'t.  !  i k  ing  w Eat  isassi  rted. 

I'dc-K-,  1  rii'ili-o-;  2  I'de-o-.     Prom  Greek  idea,  an  idea 
ii. i  \i:  a  combining  form. — I'dcwi-Kraph,  rt,     A 
ol  or  Ogure  serving  aa  a  graphic  representation  of  a 
thought     I-    Or       ','".  write |    I'de-o-gTami.    I"de- 

o-icraiili'lr,  B.      l"de-i»-Kra|iiri-ral.  B.      T'de-on'ra-phy, 

i  di-oi  'o-it> ,  n.    The  science  that  treats  of  the  evolu- 
tion of  human  Ideas  —  l"«le-iil'it-Klst,  n.     A  theorist;  Idcal- 

i  'de-o-phone,  n.    A  sound  or  a  combination  of  sounds 
i  thought;  an  uttered  word 
Idea,  1  aids;  2  Ids,  n   pi.   Rom.  Antiq.  The  16th  of  March, 
May,  July,  and  October,  and  the  l-ith  of  the  other 
months.    [<   i.   Idu  .  Ides.] 

lil"l-oi'ra-s>,  1  id'i-ot.'r..-si;  2  ld"l-oi'ra-sy,  n.    [-etB8, 1  -817.; 

meaa  roiosTHCRAST.    ld"l-«>-cra'slst. 
ld'i-o-cy,  1  id'i-o-sij  2  td'i-o-cy,  n.    The  condition  of  be- 
i  i    t      id'i-iit-cyt;  ld'1-ot-ryt. 
.     fatuity,  folly,  foolishness,  Imbecility,  incapacity, 
stupidity.   Idiocy  Is  a  state  of  mental  unaound- 
unountlng  almost  or  quite  to  total  absence  ol  under- 
ling.    ImhirllUy  Is  a  condition  of   mental  weakness, 
which  -may  or  may  not  be  as  complete  as  that   of  Idiocy, 
but  \a  at  least  such  as  to  Incapacitate  for  the  serious  duties 


1: a  =  final;    i==hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    hi  =  feud;    <fh!n;    go;    rj  =  sinff;   €hin,   this.  Icicle 

399  2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  ilium 


of  life.  Incapacity,  or  lack  of  legal  qualification  for  certain 
acts,  necessarily  results  from  imbecility,  but  may  also  result 
from  other  causes,  as  from  insanity  or  from  age,  sex,  etc.;  as, 
the  incapacity  of  a  minor  to  make  a  contract.  Idiocy  or  Im- 
becility is  weakness  of  mind,  while  Insanity  is  disorder  or  ab- 
normal action  of  mind.  Folly  and  foolishness  denote  a  want 
of  mental  and  often  of  moral  balance.  Fatuity  is  sometimes 
used  as  equivalent  to  idiocy,  but  more  frequently  signifies 
conceited  and  excessive  folly.  Stupidity  is  dulness  and  slow- 
ness of  mental  action  which  may  range  all  the  way  from  lack 
of  normal  readiness  to  absolute  imbecility.  Compare  in- 
sanity.— Ant.:  acuteness,  astuteness,  brilliancy,  capacity, 
common  sense,  intelligence,  sagacity,  sense,  soundness, 
wisdom. 

Id'i-om,  1  id'i-em;  2  id'i-om,  n.  1.  A  use  of  words  pecu- 
liar to  a  particular  language.  2.  A  peculiar  speech  or 
jargon.  3.  The  peculiar  spirit  of  a  language.  [  <  Gr. 
ididma,  <  idios,  one's  own.]  Syn.:  see  language. — id"i- 
o-mat'lc,  a.  1.  Peculiar  to  idiom.  2.  Peculiar  to  a  cer- 
tain language,     -i-calf. — id"l-o-mat'I-caI-ly,  adv. 

Id"i-op'a-thy,  1  id'i-ep'a-fhi;  2  Id"i-6p'a-thy,  n.  [-thiesz,  pi.] 
A  disease  not  generated  by  or  depending  on  any  other.  [  < 
Gr.  idiopalheia,  <  idios,  one's  own,  +  pathos;  see  pathos.] 
— id"l-o-path'ic,  a.    ld"i-o-patIi'l-call:. 

id"i-o-syn'cra-sy,  1  id"i-o-sin'kra-si;  2  id"i-o-syn'era-sy, 
n.  [-siesz,  pi.]  A  constitutional  peculiarity,  as  of  sus- 
ceptibility or  aversion;  distinctive  mental  quality  or 
characteristic.  [<  Gr.  idios,  personal,  +  syn,  with,  + 
krasis,  mingling.]— ld"i-o-syn-erat'ie,  a. 

Id  'i-ot,  1  id'i-at;  2  Id"i-ot,  n.  1.  A  human  being  in  whom 
reason  has  never  been  developed;  an  imbecile.  2.  A 
foolish  fellow.  [  <  Gr.  idiotes,  a  private,  ignorant  per- 
son.]— ld"I-ot'lc,  a.  Like  an  idiot.  Id"l-ot'i-ealt. — ld"- 
i-ot'i-cal-ly,  adv. — id  'i-ot-ism,  n.  1.  An  individual  pecu- 
liarity of  expression.    2.  An  idiom.    3§.  Idiocy. 

i'dle,  1  ai'dl;  2  I'dl.  l.vt.&vi.  [i'dled;  i'dling.]  To 
spend  in  idleness;  lose  time  in  inaction.  II.  a.  1.  Not 
occupied;  doing  nothing.  2.  Averse  to  labor;  lazy.  3. 
Affording  leisure.  4.  Useless;  vain.  [<  AS.  Idel,  empty.] 
Syn.:  inactive,  Indolent,  inert,  lazy,  slothful,  sluggish,  tri- 
fling, unemployed,  unoccupied,  vacant.  Idle  etymologically 
denotes  not  the  absence  of  action,  but  vain,  useless  action — 
the  absence  of  useful,  effective  action;  the  idle  schoolboy 
may  be  very  actively  whittling  his  desk  or  tormenting  his 
neighbors.  Doing  nothing  whatever  is  the  secondary 
meaning  of  idle.  A  lazy  person  may  chance  to  be  employed 
in  useful  work,  but  he  acts  without  energy  or  impetus.  We 
speak  figuratively  of  a  lazy  stream.  Slothful  belongs  in  the 
moral  realm,  denoting  a  self»indulgent  aversion  to  exertion. 
Indolent  is  a  milder  term  for  the  same  quality.  See  insig- 
nificant; vain. — Ant.:  active,  busy,  diligent,  employed, 
industrious,  occupied,  working. 

— 1'dle-ness,  n.— i'dler,  n.  1.  One  who  idles.  2.  A  gear- 
wheel transmitting  motion  between  two  other  gears.  l'dle= 
wheel}.— i'dly,  adv. 

I'dl  ess,  1  ai'dles;  2  I'dles,  n.  [Poet.]  Idleness.    I'dlesseJ. 

I.  I).  N.,  abbr.     [L.]     In  Dei  nomine  (in  the  name  of  God). 

i'dol,  1  ai'dal;  2  i'dol,  n.  1.  An  image  or  object  to  which 
or  through  which  worship  is  offered  as  to  a  god.  2. 
That  on  which  the  affections  an-  passionately  wet.  3.  A 
source  of  error.  [<Gr.I,+p  eidolon,  <  eidomai,  appear.] 
Syn.:  see  image. — l-dol'a-ter,  n.  An  adorer  of  Images, 
l-dol'a-tress,  n.  fern.— I-dol'a-trous,  a.  1.  Pertaining 
to  idolatry.  2.  Extravagant  In  admiration,  l-dol'a-try, 
n.  [-triesz,  pi.]  1.  The  worship  or  idols.  2.  Idolatrous 
admiration.  —  i'dol-lze,  vt.  [-ized;  -IZ'ING.]  To  regard 
with  admiration;  worship  Idolatrously.  1'dol-lsef.  Syn.: 
see  worship. 

I-dom'e-neus,  1  ai-dom't-nlus;  2  I-dom'e-nus,  n.  Gr.  Myth. 
A  king  of  Crete  who  fought  against  Troy. 

I"du-mae'a,  1  cd'diu-ml'a;  2  rdQ-me'a,  n.  A  mountainous 
region  S.  E.  of  Palestine.     E'dom};  I"du-nie'at. 

l'dyl,  1  ai'dil;  2  i'dyl,  n.  1.  A  short  poem;  especially,  a 
short  and  highly  wrought  descriptive  poem.  ',!.  Loosi  Is, 
a  more  extended  descriptive  or  narrative  poem,  pictur- 
ing chivalric  life;  as,  Tennyson's  "Idylls  of  the  King." 
[<  GrM*  etdyllion,  <  eidus,  form.]  I'dyllJ.— I'dyl-lsl,  n. 
i'dyl-llsti.  — l-dyl'llo,  a.    l-dyl'll-calj. 

I.  e.,  abbr.    [L.]    Id  est  (that  Is). 

if,  1  if;  2  if,  conj.  1.  On  the  supposition  that.  2.  Allowing 
that.  3.  Altlio;  because.  4.  At  the  time  when;  when- 
ever.   5.  Whether.    [<  AS.  gif,  if] 

IgloO,  1  Ig'lfi;  2  Ig'lOO,  n.  An  Eskimo  liou.se.  In  some  cases 
built  Of  Snow.     [Eskimo.]     Ig'loel;  Ig'loul  ;  Ig'llll. 

Ign.,  nlibr.     [I..]     IgnotUS  (unknown). 

Ig-na'ti-us,  1  lg-ne'shi-us;  2  ig-na'shl-iis,  Saint  (67  L07). 
Theophorus;  a  <  christian  father  and  martyr. 

ig'ne-ous,  1  ig'ni-us;  2  Tg'ne-us,  a.  I.  Pertaining  i"  or 
resembling  lire.  2.  Oeol.  Formed  by  the  action  ol  a 
fusing  heat.     [<  L.  ifine.ua,  <  ignis,  fire.) 

Ig'nis  fat'u-us,  1  ig'nis  fat'yu-us;  2  fS'nls  fat'yij  fjs 
!.    i'nes  fat'u-I,  pi.]    A  phosphorescent  light  seen  in  tho 


air  over  marshy  places;  Jaok«o»lantern;  will«o'«the«wisp. 
[L..  foolish  fire.] 

ig-nite',  1  ig-nait';  2  Ig-nlt',  v.  [ic,-nit'edj;  ig-mt'ing.] 
1. 1.  1.  To  kindle  or  set  on  fire.  2.  To  cause  to  appear 
luminous.  II.  i.  1.  To  take  fire.  2.  To  glow  with  heat. 
[<  L.  ignitus,  pp.  of  Ignio,  <  ignis,  fire]  Syn.:  see  Bi 
ig-nit'er,  n  —  Ig-nlt  'i-bl(eP  or  -a-bl(ep,  o.— ig-nlt"l-  or 
a-]bll'l-ty,  n.— ig-ni'tion,  n.    The  act  of  Igniting. 

ig-no'ble, )  1  ig-no'bl;  2  Ig-no'bl,  a.    1.  Unworthy  or  de- 

ig-no'blp,  j  graded  in  character.  2.  Lowborn.  3.  Of 
inferior  kind.  [F.,  <  L.  ignobilis,  unknown.]  Syn.:  see 
base;  vulgar.— ig"no-bil'l-ty,  n.  lg-no'bl(c-nessPj.— 
Ig-no'bly,  adv. 

ig'no-min-y,  1  ig'no-min-i;  2  ig'no-min-y,  n.    [-ies7-,  pi.] 
1.  Pubhc  disgrace  or  dishonor.     2.  That  which  c 
disgrace.      [<    L.    ignominia,    <    in-,    nut,    + 
(nomin-),  name.]     Ig'no-myt.— ig"no-mlii'i-oiis,  a.    En- 
tailing or  deserving  Ignominy.     Syn.:   Bee  INFAMOUS.     lg"- 
no-mln'l-ous-ly,  adv.— lg"no-niln'l-ous-ness,  n. 

ig^'no-ra'mus,  1  ig"no-re'mus;  2  Ig"no-ra'inus,  n.  An 
ignorant  pretender  to  knowledge.  [L.,  Ut.  'we  are  igno- 
rant'; <  ignoro;  see  ignore.] 

ig'no-rance,  1  ig'no-rons;  2  lg'no-rane,  n.  The  state  of 
being  ignorant;  the  condition  of  not  being  informed. 
[F.,  <  L.  ignorantia,  <  ignoro.  ignore.] 

ig 'no-rant,  lig' no-rant;  2  Ig'no-rant.  I.  a  1.  Destitute 
of  education  or  knowledge.  2.  Unacquainted.  3.  Man- 
ifesting ignorance.  II§.  n.  An  uneducated  or  unskilled 
person. 

Syn.:  ill-informed,  Illiterate,  uneducated,  unenlightened, 
uninformed,  uninstrueted,  unlearned,  unlettered,  unskilled, 
untaught,  untutored.  Ignorant  signifies  destitute  of  educa- 
tion or  knowledge,  or  lacking  knowledge  or  information;  it 

is  thus  a  relative  term.  The  most  learned  man  is  still 
rant  of  many  things;  persons  are  spoken  of  as  ignorant  who 
have  not  the  knowledge  that  has  become  generally  diffused 
in  the  world;  the  Ignorant  savage  may  tie  well  Instructed  in 
matters  of  the  field  and  the  chase,  and  is  thus  more  properly 
untutored  than  ignorant.  Illiterate  is  without  letters  and  the 
knowledge  that  comes  through  reading.  Unlettered  Is  similar 
in  meaning  to  illiterate,  lmt  less  absolute;  the  unletu  red  man 
may  have  acquired  the  art  of  reading  and  writing  and  some 
elementary  knowledge;  the  ttneducattd  man  has  aever  taken 
any  systematic  course  of  menial  training.  /',■>:<■■ 
relative;  illiteracy  is  absolute;  we  have  statistics  of  Illiter- 
acy; no  statistics  of  ignoranci  are  possible,    see  brutish. — 

Ant.:  educated,   instructed,    learned,   sage,  .skilled,    trained, 
well-informed,  wise-    Ig'iio-ranl-ly,  adv. 

ig-nore',  lig-nor';2Ig-n6r',  vt.  [ig-nored';  io-nob/inci  ] 
1.  To  pass  unnoticed  or  as  unworthy  of  notice,  '.'  ■  i  ■ 
be  ignorant  of.    3.  Law.  To  reject;  throw  out.    [<  L, 

ignoro,  <  in-,  not,  4  gnarvs,  knowing] 
I"go-rot',  1  rgo-rot';  2  l'go-rot'.  n.     One  of  Hie  savage  na- 
tives of  N.  Luzon,  Philippine  Islands.    I"go-ro'tet. 

I-gralne',  1  I-gren';  21-grftn',  n.  In  I  he  Arthurian  legends,  I  hi' 
mother  of  King  Arthur. 

i-gua'na,  1   i-gwa'ns;  2  i-gwa'na,   n.     A  large  lizard, 

chiefly    inhabiting    tropical 

America.      [Sp] 
lh-lang'=lb-lang",    1    I-lfln'«I- 

larj";  2  i-liing'-i-liing",  n. 
Flower  of  (lowers:  a  perfume 
derived  from  I  he  dowers  Of  Ihe 
Malayan  cum  lard  •  a  p  p  1  e  . 
l-laiiK'=I-lang"t. 
I.  II.  N.,  abbr.  in  ins  Name 
(motto  of  Order  of  King's 
Daughters    and    Sons).      I.  ll. 

p.,   abbr.      Indicated    horse»power     His.,   a   moi 

signifying    .Jesus    Christ:    err. .in HDbre 

viations  of  leans  Hominum  Salvator  (Jesus  Bavlor  ol 
Inhac  [Cruce]  solus  (In  this  [Cross]  safety);  real! 
IH2  (for  [HSOYSi  Jesus). 

IJs'sel,  1  is'el;  2  Vel.  "■     A  mOUth  of  Ihe  lililnc.  discharging. 

into  the  Zuyder  Zee 
II-1,  II-",  /".  n  r,  r,    Forma  of  in-1,  1        bi  lore  ' 
Oe  de  France,  1  n  ds  trans;  2 II  do  franc,  [1   I    I.  I  northern 

province  in  medieval  France,    '-•■  Mauritius  former  na 

U'e-imi,  1   ll'i  inn.  2  ll'e  oni.  n      The  lower  Ihiee-ilftii 

small   I   line,  excluding   the  ,lu nuin       |l    . 

twist.]    ii'e-ae,  a.    H'v-i'iN.  n    Pathol    Inflammation  ol 

Ihe   Ileum. 

I 'lex.  I  al'leks;  2  t'leks,  n.   /'"/    l-  A  gcnui  nfmalnlj  •  i 
rtcan  tret    oi    hrubs  of  tho  hollj  famll) .  the  hou 

[l-|  The  holm-oali.     |1...  liolm-oaU  | 

U'l-ac1,  L  ll'i-ak;  2  U'i-ac,  a  I.  Pertaining  to  or  near  the  Ileum 
i.  Pertaining  to  the  ilium     I      I    U    -. 

,,  ,  i  M  |  i tin-  to  the  i  rol  oi  -  bi     ii  i  in 

ii'i-ac  ,<i     Per!  ■lulu  M 

U'l-ad,  I  ll'i  ad;  2  ll'l  id,  n.   An  a  k  <  pl«  i"""1  "" 

h,     ie  i  ol  Ilium     i  '"   I    tradltlonallj  n  crllied  to  ' 
li'i-um',  l  ll'i-om;  S  in  inn.  n     [u/i  i,  pl.l     rhe  lai 


<  lommon  Igui  as 


Ilium 

i m mini  n i 


u  i- 
iu  . 


,        ,  ,  .  ,  I  i  B        o'.flr;   full,  rO'        I'll!.  I'Orn; 

.  .,iii  i  ,  o   not,  »'.  won,    400 


in  ij 


in  .  in 
n-u  II. 


II  i-.m. 


.    klnlm  compo  . 

III'-o't 
lir-llm^l* 

.ll      III 

III    I  n.>r,-,l.  ...    ugl) 

III  nil  ur.  . 
it  vl  r.  .1. 

Ill  ..tarred. 
.  mpi  r.  Ill   I.  in- 

lll    ir.-.n 

ill  turn 

III  Hill,  .-inult \  . 

I  S  M  I  I  1  .    Ill  I 
III..    UlUS.,    Illll-t..  -         IlltlH- 


II    li-tl>. 
II  'U-lli- 


n,   n       Infer.  I 

irried.] 
1  Pi  rtalnlng  to,  denoting, 

tally  legitimate  lu- 
ll    •;      An  Illative  particle.     [<    1..  illattcus,   < 

ll-l.   g.ii.  the  law.    [< 

UN  U, 

ii  I. -k- ii  i - 1  v .  U-le'gai-nesat.     ll-l.  V-il-h  . 

il-l.  |  i-i.l.  .  i-bl,  a      Nol  legible;  ob- 

ll-l.  _-  i-hl  .  1 1  - 1 .  _'  "i-liil'i-i>.  Il-l.-'l-bh- 

ll-li  »  l-bl j . 
il    le-gi<   i-iiiii..    i   il"i-jit'i-mit;  2  U'e-glt 'i-mat,  a.     1. 

.'.  Dlogical;  un- 
- 1 1 . 
n  i. -iii  I  ma  1 1 . 
Il-liti  i  r-  ii.  eroua  in 

;.       irrow«minded.    3.  Lacking 
and  see  liberal.] 
ll-llbVr-al-l-in.  Il-lll)".r-al'l-t>.  a.      11-llhVr-al- 

I;.  .  ll-llbVr-.il-ii.  I 

li-in    ii.  I.  permitted;  unlaw- 

ful unlawful  thing 
UcUut,  lawful.  <  licit.  be  permitted  j    -l>, 
-ii---. 
Il-llinll-a-filr,  .  1  l-Um'lt-e-bl;  2  l-llni'lt-a-bl.  <i.     Tl 
ll-llmlt-i-hl    .  II- 

iini-ii-a-Mi'i-iv.       U-Umft-a-Me-nesst;  ii-iiin"i-ta'- 

tlon:.      Il-llm'lt-a-lil),  adt. 

II  II-H..I-  .  :z';  2  Il'l-nol' or -n6ls'.n.     1 

of  1 1 n-  United 
■    I.  river,  a  river  in  Illinois; 
length  •  Mississippi  river. 

11-ln  i  r-n..  |  .  r-at.  a.    Ignorant  of  let- 

I  in-.      (  <    I. 
Il-llt  '- 
.  r- i-    ..  il-lii    .  r  -  1 1 .  - 1  >  .  Il-lll   i  r-alc-in-ss,  ;, 

III  'n«  I. 

;   .  evil. 

Synj   »llrr  ti  miKT, 

Ir.d.-;-  -  • .  -.•--..-.      -!■,.!.■-.-       Slctm**  v.:vi  generally 

uw>:  '  ■  <>f  tin 

i-igi-' 

th»-  worts  nausea,  and  to  bold  tit  and 

Tats  <iLttii.  in  the 

Ant.:    ln-altti,   soundness, 

ll-|. ._■!-•  it.  i  i-l'>j'i-k->l  2  i.    Ignorant  of  cor- 

!    gic        U-lOg'IC, 
not  logical      ll-log"l-eari-t>,   n.     II- 

loj'l-i  il-i.  [in.  on,  +  lutln.  play  ; 

ll-lud.  L.  tllutlo,   < 

11-lu  'ini-ii  ii.  .  ■    > .    [-KAT*«n>: 

I.        1.  .  2.  Todeco- 

II.        I 

display  of  lights.     [  <  L.  in,  in,    +  lumen,  light.]     Il- 


ium, ii  in  iiii-ii.uit.     I.  .i      (living  light;  II- 

luniinai  ll.  '■      v  material  uaed  tor  lllumlnatlni      n- 

lu  mi  ii  i  ii. hi,  ■.      i.    \  lighting  up     '.'.    i  in   volume  ol 
upon  ;in  ob)eci  Us  ■  lumtnoua  bod]      •'!.  Men- 
I,   i  mbclllshment,  m  ol  manu 
i      ll-hi  iiil-iii-iii  . 
11-ln  mi- na'dir.  •.    i.i  in,-  «  inn  ir  thai  whloh  gives  light; 
olo.,  f..r  throwing  light  on  ; 
I,  One  who  execute*  lllumlnatlona 

ii-iu  mine,  j  l  i-litVmin;  8  I  lu'inin,  ■  /     | -mimh.    min- 
i  i-i  ii  mi  ii  .  i  ;  -...  |     I ..  throw  light  upon;  make  bright; 

Il-lll  'slim,  1  i  !i  i    .  .ii.'L'  I  iQ'lhon,  'i      1.  Am  iinn-al  image 

|y  pi               i                         my  mi  loading  ap- 
i  falae  show,    'i.  The  act  ol  mi  Ji  adin 
:t.  \  linn  material  ust  ■!  for  \  i 
play.]    I 
in  v\i     hVlu'sli  i-  .  11-lu pMi-r) ,  a     Misleading;  de- 
eepth e    S\ ii. —■■  in  i  1 1- 1 hi  .  im  m.i m m .     ll-lu Mi  n-l)", 
ii-iu  -h  i  -in 
Il-las'trate,  1  i-lus'tret  or  U'us-trtt;  8  l-lus'tral  or  il'ua- 
ini.     •      I  ii.ii  ii>;,     ii.m'i-,.,|     i.  To  explain  by 
means  of  figures,  i  camples,  etc     '■!.  To  adorn  with  pio- 
:t  .  i         lite  luminous;  make  illus- 
trious    |  <  L.  ulustro,  light  up.l  in. 

ir'liis-ira'iinii.         i     i  i;.it  whloh  iiiu  irate  .  an  ex- 
ample or  a  ploture,    'i.  The  acl  «r  an  ol  Illustrating.    Bynj 
iii.nin.  .M«ni:  -imii.i       ll-liis'lra-llvtf",  a. — H'« 
ln--lr.i'tor  or  -lral"«T.  n. 

il-liis'iri-otis,  l  i-lii-'tri-n-;  8  Mtts/tri-uB,  o.  1.  Greatly 
distinguiahed;  renowned  'J.  Conferring  luster,  [<  L. 
Uluttrls,  <  in,  in,  +  •Jurtrum,  light.] 

oelebrated,  distinguished,  eminent,  famed,  famous, 
glorious,  honorable,  honored,  noble,  noted,  renowned,  Bee 
i.ii  in  mlrched,  iii'i '  ed,  dto- 

graoed,  dlagraceful,  dishonored,  disreputable,  Ignominious, 
Infamous,  Inglorious,  notorious,  Btalned,  sullied,  unhonored, 
unknown      n-las'Orl"Ons-ly,odo.     U-lus'trt-ous-nesS)  n. 

Il-l>r'l-a,  1  l-llr'i-i.:  2  l-lyr'l-a,  n.     A  Country  E.  Of  the  A.lrl- 
i,  \.  nf  Kjiirus;  anclenl  11-lyr'l-cum.     ll-lyr'l-aii, 

il.  A-   tl. 

I'm,  1  aim,  2  im.    I  am:  a  contraction.  [m,  and  p. 

im-  .       jjt,    in,  into;  on:  euphonic  varlanl  of  in-1,  before  '<, 

ini-  .       -six.     Not;  un-;  euphonic  variant  of  in-3.  In-fore  o,  m, 

and  p. 

[Where  pronunciation,  participial  forms,  etymology,  etc  . 
an-  noi  given  under  words  beginning  with  f»i-.  they  will  be 
found  by  referring  n>  the  latter  elements  of  the  various  com- 
pounds.    <  lompare  Bit-.] 
Imag.,  uhhr.    imaginary,  Imagination. 

iin'am',  1  im'ij;  2  Im'aK.  I.  rf.  [im'ahkii;  im'ac-inu.I  1. 
■in  an  image  "f.  'i.  To  portray  to  the  mental  vi- 
sion. 3.  To  resemble.  II.  r».  1.  A  visible  representa- 
tion of  something;  a  statue,  picture,  idol,  eto.  'I.  (>i>- 
\  picture  produced  by  reflection,  refraction,  eto, 
8.  \  natural  resemblance;  also,  that  which  resembles;  a 
counterpaii  1.  A  mental  picture.    [F.,  <  L. 

imai/n.  lii.i  ai 

Syn.:  conception,  copy,  effigy,  emblem,  Qgure,  Icon,  idea. 
Idol,  likeness,  picture,  repp  ■  mblance,  similitude, 

shallow,  statue.  Bee  Kami;  in. int.;  [DBA;  MniiKL;  pic- 
TDBJB;  simile. 

im  'age-n  •"   r-i"i  -/.  /''  1  !•   The  act  of  formliiK  ImiiRes; 
Images  collectively,     2.    Rhet.    Figurative  description  In 
also,  the  mental  Images  produced  i>y  the  use  of  fig- 
urative language.    S.vn.:  see  simile. 

lin-ak'"l-na'tioii,  1  ini-aj"i-in  '   h..n.  2  im-aii"l-na'shon,  n.    1. 

ilcturlng  power  or  aet  of  the  mind;  the  constructive  or 
creative  faculty,  '■!.  Thai  which  Is  Imagined;  a  mental 
Image;  a  fantasm;  notion.  8,  Planning,  plotting,  orschem- 
Ing,  as  Involving  mental  construction. 

Syn.:  fancy,  fantasy     Fancy  and  Imagination  imtii  heioiu; 

to  the  productive  or,  more  properly,  the  con  tructlve  faculty. 

Both  recomblne  and  modify  mental  Images;  the  one  great 

Hon  between  them  Is  that  funcy  is  superficial,  while 

nation  Is  deep,  essential,  spiritual.    Fancy  flits  about, 

irfaee  and  is  airy  and  playful,  sometime    petty  and 

agination  goes  to  the  heart  ol  things,  and 

tsdeep.eami  i  and  everywhere  for 

.ii  truth.   Fancy  variegates  and  decorates;  Imagination 

transforms  and  exults.     Fantasy  In  ordinary  usage  simply 

denotes  capricious  or  erratic  funcy,  as  appears  In  the  ad- 
lectlvi  i  ompare  rAWcr;  idea;  ih'iicht.— Im- 

an'i-na-iii  e  .  .;  i.  Creative  or  constructive,  'i.  Char- 
acterized by  or  proceeding  from  Imagination.  Syn.:  see 
i  u»<  II  i  i.:  BOMANTIC.  —  lm-ag'l-na-tlv(e-lyH,  adv.— Im- 
ag l-tia-lh  e-iiess",  n. 
Ini-ag 'ine,  |  1  iin-aj'm;  2  fio-ag'in,  r.  [-1»(e)D0;  -IN-ino.] 
iin-.ig  ill,     1 1,  t.     1.  To  form  an  image  or  conception  of. 

''..  I  o  conceive  as  real;  conjecture.  8.  To  devise.  II.  i. 
1.  To  exercise  the  imagination.     2.  To  have  a  concep- 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt£   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =■  feud;    tfhin;    go;    I)  =  sins;   ft,in    j^jg  I  Mum 

401    2:wQlf,  dp/,   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   611,  b&y;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,'   this!    imminent 


tion.  [<  L.F  imaginor,  <  imago  (imagin-),  image.] 
Syn.:  see  guess;  suppose.  —  im-ag'i-na-bl(ep,  a.  —  im- 
ag'i-na-bly,  adv.  —  Im-ag'i-na-ry,  a.  1.  Existing  only  in 
imagination;  unreal.  2.  Math.  Denoting  quantities  or  val- 
ues that  involve  the  square  root  of  a  negative  quantity  and 
are  unreal  in  the  usual  literal  sense. 

Syn.:  airy,  chimerical,  dreamy,  fancied,  fanciful,  hypo- 
thetical, ideal,  illusive,  illusory,  quixotic,  shadowy,  Utopian, 
visionary.  See  ideal.  —  Ant.:  actual,  material,  palpable, 
physical,  real,  realized,  substantial,  tangible,  visible. 

— Im-ag'i-na-ri-ly,  adv.  [insect.     [L.] 

l-ma'go,  1  i-me'go;  2  i-ma'go,  n.    An  adult  sexually  matured 

I-mam',  1  i-mam';  2  I-mam',  n.  1.  The  officer  In  Moham- 
medan mosques  who  recites  the  prayers  and  leads  the  devo- 
tions. 2.  [I-]  A  title  of  Mohammed  and  his  four  immediate 
successors.  [<  Ar.  imam,  guide,  <  amma,  preside.]  1- 
man't;  i-muim '; . 

I  in- bank',  etc.    See  embank,  etc. 

im'be-cile,  )  1  im'bi-sil;  2  Im'be-cil.    I.  a.    1.  Having  the 

im'be-cil8,  (mental  faculties  feeble.  2.  Mentally  im- 
potent.   Syn.:  see  childish. 

II.  n.  A  person  of  feeble  mind.  [OF.,  <  L.  imbecillis, 
weak.)— lm"be-cll'l-ty,  n.  [-tiesz,  pi.]  Imbecile  condi- 
tion or  opinion.     Syn.:  see  idiocy. 

Im-bed '.    See  embed. 

im-bibe',  1  im-boib';  2  lm-blb',  v.  [im-bibed';  im-bib'- 
ing.]  1. t.  1.  To  take  up  by  absorption.  2.  To  receive 
and  absorb  into  the  mind  or  character.  II.  i.  [Humor- 
ous.] To  drink,  as  intoxicating  liquors.  [  <  L.  im- 
(<  in),  in,  +  bibo,  drink.]  Syn.:  see  absorb. 
— im-blb'er,  n. — im"bi-bi'tion,  n.  [bosom,  etc. 

Im-bod'y,    im-bo'som,    Im-bow'er.      See    embody,    em- 

Im'bri-cate,  1  im'bn-kit;  2  lm'bri-eat,  a.  Overlapping; 
decorated  with  overlapping  scales.  [  <  L.  imbrex,  gut- 
ter»tile.]  lm'bri-cat"cdt.— - Im"brJ-ca'tion,  n. — Im'brl- 
ca-tlv(e8,  a. 

im-bro'glio,  1  im-bro'lyo;  2  Tm-bro'lyo,  n.  A  trouble- 
some complication;  intricate  plot.  [It.,  <  L.  in,  in,  + 
LL.  brolium,  forest.] 

im-brue',  1  im-bru';  2  Im-bru',  vt.  [im-brued';  im-bru'- 
ing.]  To  wet  or  moisten;  drench;  soak  into.  [<  OF. 
embrner,  <  en-,  in,  +  bevre,  drink.] 

im-brute',  1  im-brut';  2  im-brut',  vt.  &  vi.  To  render  or 
become  brutal  or  brutish;  brutalize. 

ini-bue',  1  im-biu';  2  im-bu',  vt.  [im-bued';  im-bu'ing.] 
1.  To  absorb  or  pervade.  2.  To  tinge  or  dye  deeply. 
[<  OF.  imbucT,  <  L.  imbuo,  moisten.] 

Imit. ,  abbr.    Imitative. 

im'i-tate,  1  im'i-tet;  2  fm'i-tat,  vt.    [-tat'ed"3;  -tat'ing.] 

1.  To  do,  or  try  to  do,  after  the  manner  of;  pattern  after. 

2.  To  use  as  a  copy  or  model.  3.  To  make  in  imitation. 
4.  Biol.  To  assume  a  resemblance  to  in  such  a  way  as  to 
be  concealed  or  protected.  [  <  L.  imitatus,  pp.  of  imitor, 
imitate.] 

Syn.:  ape,  copy,  counterfeit,  duplicate,  follow,  Imperson- 
ate, mimic,  mock,  pattern  after,  personate,  portray,  repeat, 
represent,  resemble,  simulate.  See  follow. — Ant.:  alter, 
change,  differentiate,  distort,  misrepresent,  modify,  per- 
vert, remodel,  transform,  vary. 

— Im'l-ta-bl(ep,  a.  That  may  be  imitated.— Im"I-ta- 
bll'i-ty,  n.~ lm"I-ta'tlon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  imitating.  2. 
Something  done  or  made  in  resemblance  of  something  else 
Syn.:  see  caricature;  duplicate:  model. — lm'i-ta-tlv(eB, 
a.    -\y,adv.    -ness,  n. — lm'l-ta"tor,  n. 

im-mac'u-late,    1   i-mak'yu-ht;  2  I-mae'yu-lat,   o.      1. 

Without  spot  or  blemish;  pure.    2.  Biol.  Of  one  color; 

not  spotted.     [  <  L.  in-,  not,  -f-  maculatus,  spotted.] 

Syn.:  see  good:  innocent;  perfect:  pure. 

— Im-mac'u-la-cy,    n.      lm-mac'u-late-nesst. — Im- 

mac'u-late-ly,  adv.  [restrain. 

Im-man'a-cKeP,  1  1-man'a-kl;  2  I-man'a-cl,  vt.    To  fetter; 

im  'ma-nent,  1  im's-nont;  2  Im'a-nent,  a.  Indwelling; 
inherent.  [<  L.  in.  In  +  maneo,  remain.]  Syn.:  see  in- 
herent.— im 'ma- nonce,  Im'ma-nen-cy,  n. 

1m-man'l-tyt,  n.    Ferocious  cruelty;  barbarity. 

Ini-man'n-el,  1  1-man'yu-el;  2  I-man'yu-el,  n.  nib.  A  name 
of  the  Messiah.     Isa.  vii,  14.     [Heb.,  Cud  with  us] 

im"ma-te'ri-al,  1  im'ma-tl'n-el;  2  Im*ma-t6'ri-al,  a.  1. 
Not  material;  Incoroporeal.  2.  Unimportant,  S.vn.:  see 
insignificant.  —  lni"ma-te'rl-al-lsni,  n.  1.  The  doo- 
trine  of  the  existence  of  disembodied  spirits.  2.  PMlos. 
Idealism.  Im"ma-te'rl-al-ist,  n.  Ini"ma-tc"rl-al'l-ty, 
lin"ma-te'rl-al-ness,  n.     Iin"m:i-te'rl-al-ly,  adv. 

Im"nia-ture\  1  im"ma-tiur';  2  Im"ma-tiir',  </.  1.  Not 
mature;  undeveloped.  2.  Imperfect,  -ly,  adv. — Ini"- 
ma-tur'l-ty,  n.    InV'ma-tiirf-'iit-ssi. 

Im-mea'sur-a-ble, )  1  im-mes'ur-e-bl:  2  Im-m8zb/ur-a- 

Im-me'zur-a-bl1',    fbl,  a.    Indefinitely  extensive;  mea 
surelcss.— Syn.:  see  infinitk.     Im-mea'sur-a-bltc-muss'', 
n.     lm-mea"siir-a-blPI-tyt.  —  Im-mea'sur-a-bly,  adv. 

Im-me'di-ate,  1  i-ml'ch-it;  2  I-me'di-at,  a.  I.  With. mi, 
delay;  instant.    2.  Separated  by  no  appreciable  space; 


close.    3.  Acting  without  the  intervention  of  anything; 
direct.    4.  Pertaining  to  a  direct  perception;  intuitive 

Syn.:  close,  contiguous,  direct.  Instant,  next,  present,  inti- 
mate. —  Ant.:  distant,  far,  future,  remote. 

— lm-nic'di-a-cy,  /;.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  Im- 
mediate; directness  of  relation;  closeness. — ini-mc'dl-atc- 
ly,  adr.  i.  in  an  Immediate  manner,  iii  without  lapse 
of  time;  instantly;  at  once.  (2)  Without  tin-  Intervention 
of  anything;  directly.  2.  As  soon  as:  a  conjunctival  and 
elliptical  use. 

Syn.:  at  once,  directly,  forthwith,  instantcr.  Instantly 
now,  presently,  right  away,  right  off.  straightway,  this  in- 
stant, without  delay.  The  strong  and  general  human  ten- 
dency to  procrastination  is  shown  in  the  progressive  weak- 
ening of  the  various  words  in  tins  group.  Immediately 
primarily  signifies  without  the  intervention  of  anything  as  a 
medium,  hence  without  the  intervention  of  any,  even  the 
briefest,  interval  or  lapse  of  time.  By  and  by,  which  was 
once  a  synonym,  has  become  an  antonym  of  brunt 
meaning  at  some  (perhaps  remote)  future  time.  Directly, 
which  once  meant  with  no  intervening  time,  now  means 
after  some  little  while;  presently  no  longer  means  in  this  very 
present,  but  before  very  long.  Even  Immediately  is 
from  its  Instantaneousness,  so  that  we  are  fain  to  substitute 
at  once,  instantly,  etc.,  when  we  would  make  promptness 
emphatic.  Right  away  and  right  off  arc  vigorous  conversa- 
tional expressions  in  the  United  States.-  Ant.:  after  a  while, 
by  and  by,  hereafter,  in  the  future,  some  time. 

— Im-me'di-ate-ness,  n.  [Incurable 

lm-nied'i-ca-bl(ep,   1   Im-med'i-ka-bl;  2  Im-mcd'l-ca-bl.   a. 

im"me-mo'ri-al,  1  im'mi-mo'n-el;  2  fm"me-mS'ri-al,  a 
Reaching  back  beyond  memory.  Syn.:  see  ANCIEN  l ;  PRIME- 
val. — im"nie-mo'ri-al-ly,  adv. 

im-mense',  1  i-mens';  2  I-mens',  a.  1.  Very  great  in  de- 
gree; vast;  huge.  2.  Incapable  of  measurement.  [F.,< 
L.  immensus,  immeasurable.] 

Syn.:  colossal,  enormous,  gigantic,  huge,  prodigious,  stu- 
pendous, vast.    See  large. 

— lm-mcnsc'ly,  adv.— im-men'si-ty,  ;;.     [-in  sz,   pi  ] 
1.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  Immense.     2.  Hoi, 
space.     Im-mense'nesst.     Syn.:  see  magnitude. 

lni-men'su-ra-bKe1",  1  im-mcn'shu-ra-bl;  2  Im-meh'shu-ra- 
bl,  a.    Immeasurable.— Im-iiien"su-ra-bll'l-ty,  n. 

Im-merge',  1  i-murj';  2  i-merg',  r.     [-MERGED;  -mero'ing 
I.t.   To  immerse.   II.  I.   To  disappear,  as  a  star  In  the  suu'h 
light.    [<  L.  in,  in,  +  mcrgo,  dip.]  —  Im-iiier 'genre,  n. 

im-merse',  1  i-muis';  2  I-mers',  vt.     [im-mersed'';  im 
mers'ing.]    1.  To  dip  entirely,  as  under  water,    2.  T 
involve  deeply.     3.  To  baptize  by  immersion.     [  <  1,. 
in,  in,  +  mcrgo,  dip.] 

Syn.:  bury,  dip,  douse,  duck,  immerge,  plunge,  sink,  sub- 
merge.    Dip  is  Saxon,  while  immerse  Is  Latin  for  thl 
initial  act;  dip  is  accordingly  the  more  popular  and  com 
monplace,  immerse  the  more  elegant  and  dlgnilled  expi 
in  many  cases.    To  speak  of  baptism  by  Immersion 
ping  now  seems  rude,  tho  entirely  proper  and  usual  in  early 
English.     Baptists  now  universally  use  the  word  [771 
To  dip  and  to  immerse  alike  signify  to  bury  or  tubtm  rgi  some 

object  in  a  liquid;  but  dip  implies  that  U 

once  removed  from  the  liquid,  while  Immerse  is  wholly  silent 

as  to  the  removal.      Immerse  also  suggests  more  absolute 

completeness  of  the  action;  one  may  dip  his  sleeve  01 

sponge  in  a  liquid,  if  he  but  touches  the  edge;  II 

it.  be  completely  sinks  it  under,  and  oovera  it  with  the  liquid. 

Submerge  Implies  thai  the  object  can  not  readily  be  removed. 

If  at  all;  as,  a  submerged  wreck     To  Is  to 

deniy  and  violently,  for  which  d  ne  colloquial 

terms,     hip  Is  used,  also,  unlike  the  other  words,  to  denote 

the  putting  of  a  hollow  vessel  Into  a  liquid  In  order  to  n 
a  portion  of  it;  in  this  sense  we  say  dip  up,  dip  nut.    Com- 
pare synonyms  for  bury.  -Prep.:  in. 
— Iin-nier'sloii,  7i.   The  act  of  Immersing,  or  tho  state  of 

being    Immersed;    spcclllcally,    baptism    b\     submersion    In 

Water  [In  meshes,      cn-liicsh': . 

Im-mcsh',  1  Im-meah';  2  Im-mcsh',  vt.    To  ents 
iiii"iiie-thod  'i-ral,  1  im*mi-£hed/i  ksl;  S  to 

eal,   a.     Lacking   method;    on  ■■  tematio      -l>. 

-ni'ss,  n.  [en-mew  ': . 

Im-mcw ',  1   lm-mhi';  2  Im-mi)'.   M      TO  OOOp  up;   Imprison. 

iin'iiii-grale,  l   im'i-grfit;  2  fm'i  [-orat*ed,j; 

-gkat"i\i.  1    To  come  oi  unl n  oi  n 

gion.    [  <  i..  in.  into.    )    /;;),,/. i.  remove  i    ■'■•  a      co  kmi 
orate     im'mi-grant,  n,     One   who  Immlgratea     im"- 

nil-gra'tloii,  n.      Iiii,iiil-gra-lu"r>  , 
Im'mi-iM'iM'r,  1   iin'i  ii'  ii   .  :.'  tm'i-l  I      : 

of  being  imminent,     '-'•   Impend  I  •     L,  im 

i, limn,  overhang,      In,  on 
Im'mi-iicnt,  1  im'i-neni ; :.'  tm'i  aSnt,  a     Da 

d] band;  impending 

Syn.:  Impending,  threatening  Imminent,  from  the  i  atln, 
with  the  sense  of  projecting  ovei  bio  to  happen 

at  oni  ■'  band 

Impending,  also  from  thi   Latin,  with  tht  i  enso  ot  h 
over,  is  closely  akin  to  Imminent,  but  somewhat  It 


IminUi  ll'lc 

lllllK'l  U> 


hn-liill 

Im-ml 
lin-ml\ 
Im-iii"    blh  . 

ta*lM-MI  l-i 
t  in-lit-  • 


llll-mlv     ill  llll-llll*  "- 

Im-ml 

IniK  In 

■ .  i     Not 


.1    I    IK. 

Im-motl  .  r-  it<  -l>  .  Im-ui.xl  rr-.ilf-n. 

Im-mod  .-i.i  licfttc 

ident 
mpure,  Inde- 

AJit.: 

im-mod  r»t-l>.  Im-mod  'es-ty,  n. 

111!    ML. -I  «l.   .  "'    *'"" 

(  <    L.  IFFI! 

lm"mo-la'- 
ii.. n.        Im'mo-I  i  tor,  Im-mo'nu  n< 

Irn'mo-mro'lou!   .  moment:  unimportant:  tri- 

l  it  i  -  it  i  •  •  r   al,  <■    ■ 

public  moralil 

unprincipled.  \  IcIoilh.  vlli", 

■       chaste, 

ma.  pure,  rcllg- 

lm"mo-ral  i-t>.  I.  Deprai  It]     '.'•   ii 

■  ■  ••    -.,•,■      S:.:i.-..  -i\      Im-mor'aMj, 


liii-iniir  t.il. 


In 


liii-in 
i  !■•— iii 


lin- 
-i.l). 


2  h  1.  Having 

ndure 
ng,   Imperlsh- 
ible.  ncver«dy- 
undj  Ing,  uii- 
• 
•  i.  .  perishing,  tran- 
lni"iii..r-t  il   l-i  %  .  D  frnm 

Im-iTiur  l.l-l/.  . 
I 

ipon     '!■  To 

liii-im.r   lil-h  . 

.  n.     If.)     A  (lower 

21m- 
I,  a.      That 

•too.   apathetic.  Of;    in- 

llll  -  mm'.i  -  Ml  'I  -  <>  ,      '• 
.-',1      -li.  ■  IlllllKil  ', 

im-niu'iii-l).    :    -:.iiu'iii-ti;   2  I-riifi'- 

lom  <ir 

- 

■ .  from. 

Iiii-riiuni  '.     I 

1 1  ho  la 

iiii-Miiiii  i/. .  To  make  Im- 

I  m-rii  u  "nl-xa  'I  I  ■ 

Ini-miir.    .  -rnur'.  rt.     [ill  K-MTJB'- 

in  walls.     [<  1  murus, 

liii-mur.'-.  i      A  wall:  fortlftc.v 

Iiii-iiim   i  »-lil"  .  L.O,     Not  rnu- 

I  Ill-Mill  'I. l-lll     . 

o   -»■«•  root:  n 

lMi-imi"la-hll'l-t),  ■.     Im-imi   l  i-l.l  I  -li' ■--  ini- 

lllll   'I    l-l.ll   . 

Ini  '0-fi  n.  re  a  Cym- 

I 
Imp,  I .  il  spirit  of  in- 

:. 
sod:  especially  applied  to  a  child. 


Imnv  ir 


I  i         ..  ,.     nnt.Ar;  full.  rOl.- :   Imt.liArn; 

ii  I  ,  ...  BOt,  in.  «<>ii.    |M 

Imp   . 

hup.,  i     ,        ||  mpoi  ii  .1    tiii 

Imp   .  Imp.  ■  imp.,  Impi-rl.. 

i < 1 1 1 ■  i  .  imp  .  unpen  . 

imp  >.  i  kt';  2  ii"  p*e< '.  i'  .ln\  e 

I  ■     I     impat  :•■  .  pp    ..i 

Ini  p. i,  i .  •       i  ho  act 

Imp  .it-  tl 

0  ll 

mother 
Im-pair  .  i  ■■  diminiab  in  quan- 

ikc  worse,  < 
■ 

deteriorate,  diminiab,  om 
en,  reduce,  weaken    Boo  hurt;  weaken;  weak. 
Donymi  r>>r   imend;   increasi      Im-pair'- 
in.  i,  | 

llll-p     If     .  -Illclll.  ■ 

iin-p.il  p.i-hlr.  i  i    im-pal'po-bl;  2  un-paTpa-bl,  a      I. 
iiii-p.il  p.i-iil' .  J  Ground  no  grit  can  bi   fell 

!.    Intangible      liii-p;»l"p:i-l>ll '!-(>,    n      lm-pal'p.i- 

i.l>. 
tiit  pi-n:i'tion,  1  Im'ps-ne'rihen;  2  un'pa  nl 

le  thai  the  body  and  blood  "f  fiirisi  are  milted  Into 
ibatanee  with  the  oonaecrated  bread  end  wine,    I- 

im  ■   •    i.  pant*,  bread  I 
im-p.ui  'eli  1  im-pan'el;  2  Im-pan'81,  si     1.  To  enroll  upon 

■  panel  .>r  list,  u  for  jury  duty.    '■!.  To  draw  fi 

panel  and  swear  in,  u  a  jury      liii-panVl-mriit. 

Im-p.ir'.i-iIlM'.    1    In  '   nti-par'a-dls.   it. 

•hi-'im;  ]    To  place  iii  paradise;  hence,  t.>  make  blissful  m 
supremely  bappj . 

im-p.ir    l-pin'liale.    1    lm-p:ir"i  -plii'it  .   2    liii-|i:ir'l-|iln'iit .    a, 

Pinnate  "  nil  an  odd  terminal  leaflet .  odd»plnnat< 
L.  tmpar,  unequal,  leathered.] 

Ilil-par'i-t),   1   im-par'i-tr,  2  Im-par'i-ly,  n,      1.    I 

correspondence  <  .r  suitableness,  '.'.  Inequality;  diver- 
sity. [<  L.  tmpar,  unequal,  <  in-,  not,  |  par,  equal.] 
iin-p.iri '  ,  i  in  part';  2  un  part',  i  I.  i  1.  To  share 
with  another;  hence,  to  make  known.  2,  To  bestow  fol- 
lowed by  to  II.  i.  To  make  a  gift,  |< 
L.  in,  li                    bare.]  Bynj  Bee  give;  onroRu;  publish. 

Im'par-ta'tloii,  n.  Im-part  'inrnt :.      Im-part  'er,  tl. 

Im-par 'tial,  l  im-parshal;  2  Im-paVshal,  a.    Not  par- 
tial; unbiased.    S.vn.:  see  candid 

lin-p:ir"tl-al'l-t>,  n,     Im-par  tlal-l),  artr. 
i  1 1 1-  l>:i  r  ( 'i-bl  e    .       C  pabte  of  being  imparted. 
im-par f '  i — 1»  I  e**,  a.    No1  subjeel  to  partition 
Im-pasa'a-ble,  I  1   im-pas'e-bl;  2  (m-pas'a-bl,  a.     Not 
ini-pass'a-lil  ,  i  passable.    Bynjsee  imiknkmimh.k.— Im- 
p:i>>"a-biri-t),   lm-pass'a-bl  e-nessr,  n.    Im-pass'a- 
hi> . 
Im-pas'si-ble, )  1  im-pas'i-bl;  2  Im-p:vi^'i-lil,  a.     Incapa- 
lm-pa8'Bl-blF  [ble  <>f  Buffering  or  sympathizing.     2. 
Not  affected  bv  feeling;  apathetic.-   liii-pas'M-bil'l- 
ty,  n.    Im-pas>sl-bl(e-ne88,'t. 
iiti-pas'sion.  l  im-pash'en; 2 un-pash'on,  vt.    [Port.]  To 
or  affect    with   passion.     Im-pas'slon-atcJ. — 
lm-pas'slon(e)de,  a.    Fervenl ;  stirring. 
Syn.:  see  ah 
iin-pas'shi-,  i  l  iin-pas'iv;  2  Ini-pas'iv,  a.     Unaffected 
Im-pas'slv", )  by  suffering;  impassible;  apathetic,    -ly, 
un-pas'slv(e-nesss,  n.    im-pas'M-iiii'i-i> :;  im"- 

pas-slv  'l-t>  ;. 

Im-paste'11,  l  lm-pest':  2  im-past',  a.    1.  I'aint.  To  load 
thickly  with  colors.     2.  To  make  Into  pa     •  1-I-.  im- 

i    m,  on;  and  see  paste.]    lm"pas-ia'tlon,  n. 

im-pa'tlenee,  1  Im  ,  un-p&'shens,  n.    l.  Lack  ■>! 

patience;  unwUungness  to  brook  delay.    'I.  intolerance  of 
opposition  or  control. 

Syn.:  rretfiilness.  Irritation,  peevishness,  pettlshness,  petu- 
lance,  vexation.    These  wo  the  .--iik'iiicr  forms  of 

.•mt'cr.    irritation,  petvlanct .  and  vexation  are  temporary  and 
fur  Immediate  can  •  and  peevish- 

ness are  chronic  states  finding  in  any  petty  matter  on  occa- 
sion for  their  t    en         Compare  acbimont;  anger;  hatred 

—  Ant.:  amiability,  benignity,  forbearance,  gentleness,  leni- 
ency, lenity,  longasuflerlng,  miidnesH.  patience,  peace,  peace- 
ableness,  peacefulness,  BeU«control,  Belf*restralnt. 
ini-p.i 'tienl,    l    im-pCshent;   2    fm-pfi'shCnt,    a.      Not 
pt  i    erclslng  patience    Intolerant.     Syn.: 

OEB;    iiikiiii.;    RESTIVE,      lm-pa'tlent-ly,  tirlr. 

iiii-inMcli",  1  im-plcn';  2  fm-pSch',  rt.    1.  To  Wrim?  dis- 
credit  upon.     2.  To  accuse;  charge  formally,  as  an  offi- 

...  it h  crime  or  wrong.    [<  L.0Fi'n,  in,  +  pedica,  fet- 

!  .  ■  l(  MLS. 

Im-pe.ic)i"a-hll'l-ty,  n  The  state  or  quality  of  being 
Impeachable  lin-pea<  b'a-hl  (•>',  a.  Im-peach'er,  n.— 
Im-peaeli'ineiit,  n.     1.  A  discrediting.     Z.  The  act  of  Im- 

peachlng;  especially,  the  arralgnnieiit.  of  a  high  civil  officer, 
lm-pearh':. 


1:»  =  final;    l  =  habltj^   atsle;    aU  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    dim;    go;    n  =  Birtff;    €hin,   this.  Immiscible 
403   2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   bQrn;   6il,  b6y;  go,   gem; 'ink;    thin,    tllis.  impetus 


lm-pearl',  1  im-purl';  2  Im-perl',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  make  pearl= 
like.    2.  To  adorn  with  pearls.    II.  i.    To  become  pearl=like. 

im-pec'ca-ble, )  1   im-pek'a-bl;  2  im-peVa-bl,  a.     Not 

im-pec'ca-blp,  J  capable  of  committing  sin  or  wrong.- — 
lm-pec"ea-bil'I-ty,  re. — im-pec'ca-bly,  adv. 

Im"pe-cu'nl-a-ry,  a.     Same  as  impecunious. 

im"pe-cu'ni-ous,  1  im"pi-kifj'ni-us;  2  Im"pe-cu'ni-us,  a. 
Having  no  money;  habitually  poor.  [<  im-2  +  L.  pe- 
cunia,  money.]  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. — lm"pe-cu"ni-os'- 
I-ty,  n. 

im-pede'd,  1  im-pid';  2  im-ped',  vt.  To  be  an  obstacle 
to;  obstruct.     [<  L.  in,  in,  +  pe(d-)s,  foot] 

Syn.:  see  embarrass;  hinder;  limit;  obstruct. — Im- 
pe 'dance,  n.  Elec.  Resistance  met  by  alternating  currents 
in  passing  through  a  conductor,  due  to  induction. — lm-pe'- 
dl-ent.    I.  a.  That  impedes.    II.  n.    That  which  impedes. 

im-ped 'i-ment,  1  im-ped'i-ment  or  -mant;  2  im-pi?d'i- 
ment,  n.  That  which  hinders  or  impedes;  an  obstruc- 
tion. 

Syn.:  bar,  barrier,  clog,  difficulty,  encumbrance,  hin- 
drance, obstacle,  obstruction.  Difficulty  makes  an  undertak- 
ing otherwise  than  easy.  That  which  rests  upon  one  as  a 
burden  is  an  encumbrance.  A  hindrance  (kindred  with 
hind,  behind)  is  anything  that  makes  one  come  behind  or 
short  of  his  purpose.  An  impediment  (literally,  that  which 
checks  the  foot)  may  be  either  what  one  linds  in  his  way  or 
what  he  carries  with  him;  impedimenta  was  the  Latin  name 
for  the  baggage  of  a  soldier  or  of  an  army.  The  tendency  is 
to  view  an  impediment  as  something  constant  or,  at  least 
for  a  time,  continuous;  as,  an  impediment  in  one's  speech.  A 
difficulty  or  a  hindrance  may  be  either  within  one  or  without; 
a  speaker  may  find  difficulty  in  expressing  himself,  or  diffi- 
culty in  holding  the  attention  of  restless  children.  An  en- 
cumbrance is  always  what  one  carries  with  him;  an  obstacle 
or  an  obstruction  is  always  without.  To  a  marching  soldier 
the  steepness  of  a  mountain  path  is  a  difficulty,  loose  stones 
are  impediments,  a  fence  is  an  obstruction,  a  cliff  or  a  boulder 
across  the  way  is  an  obstacle;  a  knapsack  is  an  encumbrance. 
— Ant.:  advantage,  aid,  assistance,  benefit,  help,  relief, 
succor. 

— im-ped"i-men'ta,  re.  pi.  Things  that  impede  prog- 
ress, as  on  a  journey;  specifically,  baggage  or  other  supplies, 
as  of  an  army. 

im-pel',  1  im-pel';  2  lm-peT,  vt.  [im-pelled';  im-pel'- 
ling.]  To  drive  or  urge  forward;  excite  to  action.  [  < 
L.  impello,  <  in,  on,  +  pello,  drivf.]  Syn.:  see  actuate; 
drive;  encoubage;  influence:  persuade;  push;  send; 
spur. 

— im-pel 'lent.  I.  a.  Tending  to  impel.  II.  n.  An  im- 
peller.— i in-pel  'ler,  re.  That  portion  of  a  blower  which 
sets  the  air  or  water  in  motion. 

im-pend'd,  1  im-pend';  2  im-p6nd',  vi.  To  hang  over;  be 
imminent;  threaten.  [<  L.  impendeo,  <  in,  on,  + 
pendeo,  hang.] — lm-pen'dence,  re.  im-pen'den-cyf. — 
Im-pen'dent,  a.    Imminent;  threatening. 

im-pen'e-tra-ble, )  1  im-pen'i-tra-bl;  2  Im-p8n'e-tra-bl, 

ini-pen'e-tra-bF,  J  a.  Not  penetrable;  possessing  im- 
penetrability. 

Syn.:  close,  dense,  hard,  impassable,  Impermeable,  im- 
pervious, solid.  See  hard.  —  Ant.:  fluid,  loose,  open,  pene- 
trable, pervious,  soft,  yielding. 

— lm-pcn"e-tra-bll'i-ty,  re.  The  quality  of  being  im- 
penetrable; that  attribute  of  matter  which  prevents  two 
bodies  from  occupying  the  same  space  at  the  same  time. 
Iiii-pen'e-tra-bl(e-ness;i'.  — Im-pcn'e-tra-bly,    adv. 

im-pen'i-tent,  1  im-pen'i-tent;  2  Im-pen'i-t8nt,  a.  Not 
penitent;  hardened;  obdurate.  -Iy,  adv. — im-pen'l- 
tence,  re.     im-pen'i-ten-cyt. 

im-per'a-tlve, )  1  im-per'a-tiv;  2  Im-peVa-tfv.    I.  a.    1. 

Im-per'a-tiV8,  J  Peremptory.  2.  Not  to  lie  evaded  or 
avoided.  II.  n.  1.  That  which  is  imperative.  2.  Gram 
That  mode  of  the  verb  which  expresses  command,  en- 
treaty, or  exhortation.  [  <  L.  imperativus,  <  impera- 
tus,  pp.,  commanded.]     Syn.:  see  ABSOLUTE. 

— Im-per'a-tlv(e-ly*,  adv.-  Im-per'a-tlv(e-ness»,  re. 

lm"pe-ra'tor,  1  lm"pi-re'tar  or -tor;  2  Im'pe-ra'tor,  re.  Horn. 
Hist.  The  official  designation  ol  the  Roman  emperors;  em- 
peror: originally  a  commandei>h>chief.    [L.] 

ini"per-cep'ti-bl(e'',  1  inVpar-sep'ti-bl;  2  Km"p8r-cej»'ti- 
bl,  a.  Inappreciable.  iiii"per-<'ep'ti-bl(e-ness'',  n. 
Iin"per-cep"tl-bll'l-tyt .     Iin"per-cep'll-bly,    adv. 

Im-per'fert,  1  im-pur'fekt;  2  Im-pSr'ieet.  I.  a.  1.  Not 
perfect;  Incomplete;  defective.  '£.  Cram.  Indicating  past 
action.  II.  re.  The  Imperfect  tense.  Syn.:  see  bad, 
lin"per-fec'tlon,  re.  1.  Lack  of  perfection,  Im-per'fect- 
nessf.  2.  A  defect.  Syn.:  sec  blemish;  foiiilk.  Im- 
per'fect-ly,  adv. 

lm-per'fo-ra-bl(C\  1  Im-pOr'fo-ra-bl;  2  Im-pCr'fo-ra -bl,  " 
That  can  not  be  perforated. 

Im-per'fo-ratc,  1  Irn-pOr'fo-nt;  2  Im-p&'fO-rat,  "  Without 
perforations;  not  perforate.  lm-per'fo-rat"edJ.— Im- 
per"fo-ra'tlon,  n. 


im-pe'ri-al,  1  im-pi'n-al;  2  Im-pe'ri-al,  a.  1.  Pertaining 
to  an  empire  or  to  an  emperor  or  an  empress.  2.  Possess- 
ing commanding  power  or  dignity;  predominant.  3. 
Like  or  worthy  of  an  emperor  or  empress ;  hence,  superior 
in  size  or  quality. 

Syn.:  exalted,  grand,  kingly,  magnificent,  majestic,  noble, 
queenly,  regal,  royal,  sovereign,  supreme.— Ant.:  base,  beg- 
garly, cowering,  cringing,  ignoble,  Inferior,  mean,  paltry, 
poor,  servile,  slavish. 

im-pe'ri-al,  n.  1.  A  pointed  tuft  of  hair  just  under  the 
lower  lip.  2.  Anything  of  superior  size  <>r  excellence. 
[OF.,  <  L.  imperialis,  <  tmperium,  EMPIRE.]  Im-pe'rl- 
al-ism,  re.  Imperial  state;  the  system  or  advocacy  of  Im- 
perial government. — Im-pe'rl-al-lst,  re.  —  lni-pe"rl-al-ls'- 
tlc,  a.    -tl-cal-ly,  adv.— lm-pe'ri-al-ly,  adv. 

im-per'il,  1  im-per'il;  2  Im-per'il,  vt.  To  place  in  peril; 
endanger. 

im-pe'ri-ous,  1  im-pl'n-us;  2  Im-pe'ri-us,  a.  1.  Assum- 
ing and  determined  to  command;  domineering;  arro- 
gant. 2.  Urgent;  imperative.  3t-  Imperial;  lordly. 
[<L.  imperiosus,  <  imperlum,  command.] 

Syn.:  arbitrary,  arrogant,  authoritative,  commanding, 
controlling,  despotic,  dictatorial,  dogmatic,  domineering, 
exacting,  haughty,  imperative,  irresistible,  lordly,  overbear- 
ing. An  imperious  demand  or  reqpiremenl  may  have  In  it 
nothing  offensive;  it  is  simply  one  thai  resolutely  insists 
upon  compliance,  and  will  no1  brook  refusal;  an  a 
demand  is  offensive  by  its  tone  of  superiority,  an  arbitrary 
demand  by  Its  unreasonableness;  an  Imperious  disposition  Is 
liable  to  become  arbitrary  and  arrogant.  A  person  of  an  Inde- 
pendent spirit  is  inclined  to  resent  an  Imperious  manner  In 
any  one,  especially  in  one  whose  superiority  or  authority  is 
not  clearly  recognized.  Commanding  Is  always  used  In  a 
good  sense;  as,  a  commanding  appearance;  a  commanding 
eminence.  See  absolute;  arbitrary;  dogmatic.— Ant; 
complaisant,  compliant,  docile,  ductile,  gentle,  humble, 
lenient,  lowly,  meek,  mild,  submissive,  yielding. 
— im-pe'ri-ous-ly,  adv.—  Iiii-pe'rl-ous-ni'ss,  re. 

im-per'ish-a-ble,  \  1  im-pcr'isli-a-b];2Im-por'ish-a-bl.  a. 

im-per 'ish-a-bl1',  J  Not  perishable  or  subject  to  decay. 
Syn.:  see  eternal;  immortal.  —  liii-per"lsli-a-bH'l-lj , 
im-per'l.sli-a-bKe-ness1",  re. — Im-per 'ish-a-bly,  adv. 

Im-per'ma-nent,  1  im-pur'ma-nent;  2  Im-pcr'ma-nent.  a. 
Not  permanent. — im-per'ma-nenee,  re.  Want  of  perma- 
nence. 

Im-per'me-a-ble, )  1    im-pOr'mi-a-bl;    2    (m-per'me-a- 

Im-per 'me-a-blp, )  bl,  a.  Not  permeable;  impervious. 
Syn.:  see  impenetrable.— lm-per"me-a-biri-ty,  re.  Im- 
per'me-a-blj-,  adv. 

ini-per'soii-al,  1  im-pur'sen-el;  2  fm-per'son-al,  a.  1. 
Not  having  personality.  2.  Not  relating  to  a  particular 
person  or  tiling.  3.  Cram.  Having  or  containing  an 
indeterminate  subject. — im-per"son-al'I-ty,  n-  im- 
per'son-al-ly,  adv. 

im-per 'son-ate1,  1  irn-pih-'sen-et;  2  Im-peVson-at,  vt, 

1.  To  represent  under  the  form  of  B  person;  personify. 

2.  To  take  into  one's  own  person  or  character;  to  per- 
BOnate;  represent.     Syn.:   see  nm.m;.        Im-pcr"sciii-a'- 

tion,  ».    The  act  of  impersonating;  personation.    lm"per- 
son"l-ti-ca'tlout. — Im-per Soii-a"! or,  re. 
Im-per 'ti-iient,  1  im-pur'ti-nent:  2  Im-pBr'ti-nent,  a. 
1.    Offending    propriety;    impudent,      '.'.    Irrelevant 
Syn.:   see   alien;    impudent;    HEDDLB80MB.       Im-per'tl- 
nence,  -nen-cy,  re.-  Im-per'tl-m-iit-l) ,  adv. 
im"per-turb'a-ble, )  1  im"per-torb'o-bl ;  2  Im'pBr-turb'- 
iiii"per-turb'a-l)l'', J  a-bl,  a.     Incapable  . . t   being  agi- 
tated.    Syn.:  see  CALM. 

— lm"per-tiirl)"a-bll'l-ty,     re.       Ini"per-tiirb'a-bl  c- 

ness'-;.     iiii"piT-tiirb'a-bl) ,  adv.     Iin-per"tiir-ha 'II 

a     Calmness.     Ini"per-turbed',  a     Not  perturbed  i 

tated. 
Im-per'vl-OUS,   1   im-jmr'vi-ns;  2  Ti ■  i  | ..  i      i  us,  1  '•  ' 

nutting  no  passage  into  oi  thi impenetrable;  Im- 
permeable, Syn.:  sec-  [MPENETRADL1  lm-perM-iiiis-l>  , 
adv.-  Im-per'vl-ous-iiess,  n, 

Im'pe-tratef,  vt.    To  gain  by  entreaty     I      i     Impetratus, 
pp.,  <  in,  in.    i    patro,  accomplish.]    lm*pc-tra'tlont.  n, 
lm'pe-tra-tlv(e>,  a     I  land- 

ing to  obtain  bj  entreat 

ini-pet'ii-ous,  l  iiii-pet'yu-iis;  2 Im-p8t'yu 
acterized  by  impetus  or  by  tpontani 
getie;  forcible;  vigorous     I       I     impetus  im,   •    imp*- 

In  :    iee  IMPETUS.] 

Syn.:  excitable,  fiery,  bast  | .  headlong,  Impul 
ate,  precipitate,  qulok,  rash,  Budden,  s»ift      s 

|  IEBC1  .    \  mil  -■  i        AH<       •     lf tUl     -     U 

spect,  considerate,  dellbt  - 
—  Im-pel "u-o-'i-«» ,  Im-pel  'u-ous-neM,  n     Im-pel  - 

u-oun-ly,  adi 
Im'pe-tus,  1  im'pi-tos;  2  fm'pt  I.  The  energy 

with  which  anythin  oi  \t  drivi  a;  momeutun; 


Iiiipht*** 
Itupuga 


»  i  i  ftr;  full.  rQla;  bot,  l.flm; 

.  .1111  ,,,...:.  »«•>!,, 


I  Ml 


i 


■ 


im-i<iii(i    in.  hi  . 
liit  |.i-    u -.  I. 

tin     pl-..|ls-l>  .  Illl    pl-.ill~- 

11. 
Ini|i  l«h,  -'.Ike 

lm-|.|  i   .   ,-'  I.  . 
Im-pU  .   i-lil   . 


lilt! 


aj.: 


•■■■-I'll 


li-l) 


I,    1M1M.I- 

-plle   M-ii. 


Illl-|.|i    .    .-till    1-1}  .  Illl-pl.l    1.1-I1I    i-llr»    .               Illl- 
pl»  1  l-l.ll  . 

Ini    pi  > il.  I.    n. 

II  Ini"- 

I  :..      p|»    H|    ta     II-   i. 

Uuo  of  mammal*. 
Iiii-pl.«ii(     .                                                                   for  the 
1 1 1 1 " i > I .» 1 1 - 1  .i  i 

IM'-I'l 

Im-pl.   i  I  To 

ig    :i    suit    at    law  1 II 1— 

'.   '. 

lin  pi.  -iin  nt.  .  mt;  2  Im'ple-n 

I  inual  work ;  a 

I  « :mt ; 

Illl. |  Sm.:  t*  • 
Im-pl.   ii. .m.  rheact  ol  nil- 

.  tills. 
Ini    ph-<    i 

involve; 
(n.  in.  +   plUo.  fold.]     B 
iin  pn-<a'd. hi.  •.      i.  i:     act  <if  implying; 
2.     \n    entanglement. 
Iin    ;  •.!  lmpl>   (ir  to  Imp] 

Imp 

Im-pli'    i'.  2  Im-pHc/it,  "■    ••  Implied,  tin. 

•  .  ■  .1  belief;  unquca- 

ll-pllr    II 

toning, 

i   . 

for  1 1 1  — 

rlptures 
or  i:. 

and  nivi-n   by 
■ 
nt.  implicit  ol* 

im-pli.  •!  .  ed  or  Included, 

im-piii  ii  i> . 
Ini-plur.  '. 

plbad; 

lin'l.l.i-r.i'il.iii.  1 1 1 1  - 1 1 1  ■  i  r  '  1 1 1  ic  - 1  > . 

i f i ■  -f 1 1 >  '.  .  ilM-ll.ll.l/;  im-i  : 
I .     . 

'.    . 

Im-piil   i-i  f , 

lm'po-llt<-',  Syn.:  see  ut.it  r. 

I  ril '  'po-Utelj  ,  loTpo-h' 

lm  pol  i-t  l'  .  I . 

im"|K>-llt  'i-ral    . 
Im-p.il   l-lh -I)  ,    lin"pii-lll    l-i   il- 

i>  r. 

Im-pon  c|ir-  i-i.l  •  ini-pon"- 

'l'-r-:i-»iil'i-l> ,  Im-ixmMer-.i-M  a-nei 

lni-p..i, 

Im-p..  r..u- 
v*ci  in  texture,  wltnout  porea;  aolld.—  ltn"po-roVl-t),  n. 


Ini-p..rl  II 

'.'.     i 
I 

I  II  I  .■  I..   ..I  

in. 
■  iiiipu  .  iiii  iiii.  purport, 

l>n-p..r  I    .i-M    r.  ,    ,/ 

iiii   p..r-i  i  ii. .n.         iiii-p..ii  n,        i uiu.  impart!  or 

■  1 1 1 1  r  > 

iiii  port,  I.  That  wl  ioh  i* 

lllipi  '.'.        1  li:il    »  lilili    ||   iiii- 

iiintrj  into  another     S.  Importance 

».  .     U  I   I. .Ill 

ini-pur  i. mi.  I.   i  m  -    mi], 1. 1 1,  conaeqw  i 

1 1 .  Imp.. i lunate;  m- 
I  •  e  iMi'inii  ] 

Influential,  material,  momentous,  prominent, 
mtIouh.  HlKiilflcatit.  valuable,  wi  ami 

Iderable,  Irrelevant,  mean,  petty,  slight, 
trilling',  trivial,  unimportant,  unclean,  worthli 

ini-pur  Linn.        i.  The  quallt]  of  being  Important, 
•.'.  Weight  or  consequence;  pretentlou  It, 

Ini-pur  'lau-i  >  ■        Ini-pur   t.inl-l)  ,  ,nh  . 

lm   piir-i line',   l   im'poi  UQn';  L'  fm'pdr-tun',  tt 

:in'is..|     To  urge  with  frequent  solicita- 
tion;  be  pertinaciously  .-"Inn.  u  I 

trniil  i  'RAT;  PUSH       Im-piir 'tii-nale,  a. 

Urgent  In  character,  request,  or  demand;  Insistent:  pertlna- 

II  k  .  TBOI  BLE80IU  .  i  it>. i  \  I        ltn-|M.r  - 
lll-n:ili-l> .                   Ini-por   lu-iiale-iiess,     .,         Iin' pur- 
tu'nl-t),  ri.      |  •::■                    Ini-pur 'Iii-ii;i-i>  ;. 
illl-pii-e'.   1    r     |    ..      :;  [m-p                 i'J   posed';   im-pob'- 
in..  ]    I.  i     1.  To  levy  nr  exact    1.  To  place  by  influ- 
:i.   1  1 1  p  i               o    ethit  ■     -    genuine: 
with  ""  <ir  upon.     4.  Print.  To  arrange! 
type     a.  Eccl    To  lay  on  (hands),  a-  in  confirmation 
il.        i     place  a  burden  or  deception  (on  "i  up 
by   taking  advantage  of  amiable  concession      |       I 
hnpo  ■                                     rasK1,  r\    Bynj  see  ubube; 
Winn      Im-pos'a-bKe,         Im-pos'er.  lm-pos'- 
I  iik.  /'•     adapted  to  make  an  Impression    Syrusee  twn  i.. 
grand     Im-poslng  •atone",  n      \   Oat,  level  slab,  on 
which  printers  Impose  forms  of  I 
im-pii-c't,  „     aii  Injunction;  command, 
mi'  pn-M 'linn,  l  im'po-aisn'en;  2  Im'po-elah'oni  n,     I. 
id  ..I  imposing.     Specifically     (I)    vn  imposture 
rranging  of  pages,  etc  .  in  proper  posi- 
tion for  printing.    2.  That  which  isim] <l  by  author- 
ity, a-*  a  tax.     [P.,  <  I.,  in,  mi,  +  pono,  p- 
"Syn.:  s<-e  d»  h-i  ion;  mu  p. 
Im-pos'sf-ble, ]  l  im-pes'i-bl;  2  Imjpos'i-bl,  <■     I.  Nol 
Iiii-[mi» 'nI-IjI1',  i  p..  — - i I > I ■      '!.  Lou     Impracticable  in  the 
nature  of  the  case.    S.  [CoUoq  ]  Unimaginable;  hope- 
lessly objectionable;  Intolerable;  absurd  qiprao 
ii. mil i      lin-p<is"si-iiii'i-i> ,  n.     Imnpos'sl-bly,  tuto. 
Im'post,  1  im'post;  2  Im'pdst,  n.    1.  Thai  which 

i.illy,  a  customs  duty.    'I.  The  plane  of  an 

arch.    [Op  ,  the  tax,  <  I.,  impono,  <  in,  on,  +  pono, 

place.]    Syn.:  see  tax. 

Im-poa'thume  .  1  Im-pee'tlum;  ^  (m-pos'tflm,  n.    An  ab- 

also  used  figuratively     I-     OF.  empostume,  cor    of 

i,  an  ulcer  I    Im-pos'tnmef. 

im-nos'tor,  1  im-pes'tsr;  2  [m-p6s  tor,  n-    <  Ine  who  de- 

.     -       I  minimi. 
\i  K 

— Im-piii'tiire,  n      Deception  by  means  of  false  pre- 

•  B  I  III'   1   .   1  IC  Ml). 

Im'po-tent,  1  im'po-tent;  L'  (m'po-tSnt,  a.    Destitute  of 
i  or  -i n  ngtn ;  not  potent,    [K  ,  <  I. 

powerful.]      -\y,  nili       lin'pii-tence, 

n.    1.  Destitute  ol  power  or  strength;  not  potent;  weak.    2. 

.  :  power,    t.  Lacking  in  senVcontroL    Ini'- 

po-ten-ei :. 

Iiii-piiuiid'1,  1  im-pound';  2  Im-pourul',  vt.     1.  To  shul 

•  in  a  pound    ''•  To  place  in  custody  of  a  court  of 

law. 

iiii-pnt  'er-Klr,  1  im-pov'nr-isTi;  2  Im-poV8r-ish,  vt.     1. 

To  reduce  to  poverty.    'I.  To  exhaust  the  fertility  or 

quality  "i.  [<  L.or  in,  in,  + 

-mint,  n. 

Im-pow'ert)  <i    Same  .ls  bupowbb, 

lm-prae'ti-e;i-l»le,  |  1  ini-prak'ti-k.i-M ;  2  Im-prac'ti-c.i- 

im-prac'ti-ea-bl1 ,  (  l.i.  a      I.   [mposeible  or  unreason- 

difficult  of  performance.     'I.   Unserviceable.    3. 

Hard  t<.  get  ..ii  with;  unreasonable;  intractable, 

Syn.:  Impossible,  Impractical,  Intractable,    That  which  is 

n  not  be  done  at  all;  that  which  Is  Impracticable 

i-  theoretically  possible,  but  can  nol  be  done  under  i 

conditions     Impractical,  which  -  unpractical, 

nol  practical,  Is  coming  Into  frequent  popular  use,  as  the 

equivalent  of  impracticable,  but  the  dlderence  should  be 


l:a=  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    etl;    lu  =  feud;    <<hin;    go;    H  =  Bing;    Chin,   this.        Imnhee 
405      2:  wolf,  dft;  book,  boot;  full,  rule,  cure,  but,   bQrn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.       impugn 


maintained;  an  Impractical  man  lacks  practical  judgment  or 
efficiency;  an  impracticable  man  is  difficult  to  deal  with 
(compare  obstinate;  perverse);  an  unpractical  scheme 
lacks  practical  fitness,  is  theoretic  or  visionary;  an  imprac- 
ticable scheme  has  some  inherent  difficulties  that  would  en- 
sure its  failure  in  action. — Ant.:  easy,  feasible,  possible, 
practicable. 

— im-prae"ti-ca-bll'i-ty,  lm-prac'tl-ca-bl(e-nessp,  n. 
— Im-prac'tl-ca-bly,  adv.  [impracticable. 

Im-prac'tl-cal§,  a.     Not  practical;  unpractical.     Syn.:  see 

ini 'pre-cate,  1  im'pn-ket;  2  Im'pre-cat,  vt.  [-CAT"EDd; 
-cat"ing.]  To  invoke  or  call  down,  as  a  judgment, 
calamity,  or  curse.  [  <  L.  in,  upon,  +  precor,  pray.] — 
im"pre-ca'tlon,  n.  A  malediction;  curse.  Syn.:  anathema, 
curse,  execration,  malediction.  See  oath. — Ant.:  benedic- 
tion, benison,  blessing,  praise. — im'pre-ca-to-ry,  a. 

Im"pre-cl'slon§,  n.    Want  of  precision. 

im-preg'na-ble1, )  1  im-preg'na-bl;  2  Im-prgg'na-bl,  a. 

im-preg'na-blp,  J  1.  Proof  against  attack.  2.  Not  to  be 
overcome  by  temptation.  [  <  F.  imprenable,  <  in  (  < 
L.  in),  not,  +  prenable,  <  L.  prehendo,  seize.)  Syn.:  see  in- 
contestable; secure.  —  lm-preg"na-bll'l-ty,  n.  —  im- 
preg'na-bly,  adv. 

im-preg'na-bl  (eP2,  a.    Capable  of  being  impregnated. 

im-preg'nat€,  1  im-preg'net;  2  lm-prgg'nat.  I.  vt. 
[-NAT"EDd;  -nat"ing.]  1.  To  make  pregnant;  fecundate. 
2.  To  saturate  or  permeate  with  another  substance.  3. 
To  imbue  with  an  active  principle.  II.  a.  Made  preg- 
nant. [<  L.LLin,  in,  +  prsegnan{t-)s;  see  pregnant.]  — 
Im"preg-na'tlon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  impregnating,  or  the 
state  of  being  impregnated.  2.  That  with  which  anything 
Is  impregnated. 

lm"pre-sa'ri-o,  1  im'pn-se'n-o  or  (It.)  im"pre-za'rI-6;  2  Im"- 
pre-sa'rl-o  or  (It.)  im"pre-s.a'ri-o,  n.  One  who  manages,  con- 
ducts, or  is  responsible  for  an  opera  company  or  public  musi- 
cal performance.    [It.,  <  L.  in,  in,  +  prehcndo,  take.] 

Iin"pre-scrip'ti-bl(ep,  1  im"pn-skrip'ti-bl;  2  im"pre-serlp'tl- 
bl,  a.  Incapable  of  being  either  lost  or  acquired  by  usage  or 
prescription. 

im-press'1,  1  im-pres';  2  im-prgs',  vt.  1.  To  form  or  fix 
by  pressure;  mark  by  pressure;  indent.  2.  To  fix,  as 
in  the  mind.  3.  To  influence,  as  by  some  feeling  or  to 
some  conclusion:  with  by  or  with.  [  <  L.  in,  in,  +  premo, 
press.]  Syn.:  Imprint,  inculcate,  press,  print,  stamp.  See 
concern;  inscribe. — Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  cancel. 

im-press',  1  im'pres;  2  lm'prgs,  n.  1.  A  mark  or  inden- 
tation produced  by  pressure.  2.  The  effect  of  a  force. 
Syn.:  see  mark. 

Im-press'2.  I4.  vt.  1.  To  compel  to  enter  the  public 
service.  2.  To  seize  (property)  for  public  use.  II.  n. 
Impressment.  [  <  im-1  +  OF.  prester,  lend.]  —  im- 
press 'ment,  n.  The  act  of  impressing  into  the  public  ser- 
vice or  of  seizing  property  for  public  use. 

im-press 'i-bl(ep,  1  im-pres'i-bl;  2  Im-pres'i-bl,  a.  Capa- 
ble of  being  impressed  or  of  receiving  an  impression; 
sensitive;  susceptible. — im-press"i-bil'i-ty,  n.  im- 
press 'l-bl(e-nessPJ.— Im-press 'i-bly,  adv. 

im-pres'sion,  1  im-presVun;  2  Tm-presh'on,  n.  1.  The 
act  of  impressing.  2.  Any  mark,  print,  etc.,  made  by 
pressure.  3.  A  material  effect  produced  by  any  agency. 
4.  A  slight  or  indistinct  remembrance,  &■  Print.  (1) 
The  imprint  of  types,  illustrations,  etc.  (2)  A  printed 
copy.     Syn.:  see  feeling;  idea;  mark. 

— Im-pres 'slon-a-hlfe'",  a.  Susceptible  of  Impression. 
— lm-pres"slon-a-bll'i-ty,  «.— im-pres 'slon-al,  a.  Per- 
taining to  impression.  —  Im-pres 'slon-lsm,  n.  In  art 
and  literature,  the  attempt  to  convey  the  essential  Impres- 
sion of  a  scene,  a  character,  etc..  by  vivid  hues,  lines,  or 
phrases,  With  Slight  attention  to  detail  or  llnish  lm-pres'- 
slon-lst,  n.  -Is 'tic,  a.  —  lm-pres'8lv(ep,  a.  Producing  ;m 
Impression:  holding  the  attention;  exciting  emotion  or  ad- 
miration. Sm.:  see  grand.  Im-pres 'slv (e-lyB,  adi  im- 
pres'slv(e-ness»,  n.     Im-pres'sure§,  n.     An  Impre    

Im"pri-ma'tur,  1  lm"pn-m6'tur;  \i  taVprl-mft'tor,  />  Offl 
cial  license  to  print  or  publish;  hence,  approval;  sanction. 
[L.,  "let  it  be  printed."]  [place;  m>,t  in  order.    |i,.| 

Im-pri'mls,  i  im-prol'mis;  2  Im-pri'mls,  adv.     in  the  drat 

im-print',  1  im-print';  2  im-print'.  Id.  vt.  1.  To  print  (a 
substance)  by  stamping  or  pressure.  2.  To  print.  3.  To 
impress  permanently  on  the  heart  or  mind.     II.  1  im'- 

print;  2  Im'prlnt,  n.  1.  A  mark  or  character  made  by 
printing,  stamping,  or  pressing.  2.  The  effect  left  by 
impression.  3.  A  publisher's  or  printer's  name,  etc., 
printed  in  a  book  or  oUier  publication  4.  Art.  \nitn 
pression,  as  of  a  medal,  etc.  [<  I-."1  imprvmo;  set  at 
press1,  ».]  Syn.:  see  impress;  INSCRIBE. 
Im-pris'on,  1  im-priz'n;  2  Tm-prTs'n,  vt.  To  pul  into  a 
prison;  deprived  liberty.    Synj  see  shut.    Im-pris'oo- 

llienl ,  n. 

Im-proh'a-hle, )  1  im-prob'a-bl;  2  Im-proD'a-bl,  a,     NTo1 
Im-prob'a-bIp,  J  likely  to  be  true;  not  reasonably  to  be 


expected— lm-prob"a-bil'i-ty,  „.  1.  Inlikelihood. 
Im-prob'a-bl (e-ncssPt.  2.  An  unlikely  event  Im-nrob'- 
a-bly,  adv. 
Im-prob'i-ty,  n.  Want  of  probity;  dishonesty 
""-prpmp'tu,  1  im-promp'tiu;  2  lm-promp'tfl.  I.  a 
Made,  done,  or  uttered  on  the  spur  of  the  moment- 
extempore;  offhand.    Syn.:  see  extemporaneoi  a 

II.  n.     Anything  done  on  the  impulse  of  the  moment. 

III.  adv.  v\  ithout  preparation.  [F.,  <  L.  in  vromutu 
In  readiness.] 

Improp.,  abbr.    Improperly. 

im-prop  'er,  a.  1.  Not  proper.  2.  Not  conformed  to  good 
usage— lm-prop'er-ly,  adv.— im"pro-pri'e-ty,  n. 
The  state  of  being  Improper;  anything  that  Is  improper 
Syn.:  see  indecency. 

im-pro'prl-ate,  1  im-pro'pn-et ;  2  Im-pro'prl-At,  vt.    [-at*ed<J; 
-at"ing.]    To  appropriate,  as  ecclesiastical  property  or  reve^ 
nues  to  a  layman.    [  <  L.  in,  in,  +  proprius,  one's  own.] 
— lm-pro"prl-a'tlon,  n. 

im-prove',  1  im-pruv';  2  Im-prov',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  make 
better.  2.  To  use  to  good  purpose.  II.  t.  To  make 
progress  in  knowledge,  usefulness,  value,  etc.  [Fit.  < 
OF.  approuer,  profit,  by  changing  ap-1  to  im-'  hi  Eng.  word  ] 
Syn.:  see  amend.— im-prove 'ment,  n.  1.  The  act  of 
Improving.  2.  The  practical  application  of  a  leaching.  3. 
A  valuable  addition  to  or  modification  of  something,  as 
real  estate.  Syn.:  see  increase;  profit;  progress.  — 
Im-prov"a-bil'l-ty,  n.  Im-prov'a-bKe-nessij.  —  |m- 
prov'a-bl(ec,a.— im-prov'a-bly,  adr.~  Im-prov'er,  n 

Im-prov 'i-dent,  1  im-prov'i-dent;  2  Im-prdv'i-dent,  a. 
Lacking  foresight  or  thrift. 

Syn.:  careless,  imprudent,  prodigal,  reckless,  shiftless, 
thoughtless,  thriftless,  unthrifty.  Sec  IMPRUDENT. — Ant: 
careful,  economical,  provident,  prudent,  saving,  thoughtful, 
thrifty—  lm-prov '1-denre,  ».— Im-prov 'i-dent-ly,  adv. 

im"pro-vise',  1  im"pro-vaiz';  2  Ini"pro-vis',  it.  &  vi. 
[-vised';  -vis'ing.]  To  compose,  sing,  play,  etc .,  with- 
out preparation;  to  do  anything  offhand.  [<  I.,  im- 
provisus,  unforeseen]  lni-prov'1-satet.-  lm-prot"l-sa'- 
tlon,  n.— im"pro-v!s'er,  n.  lm-prov'l-sa"lor;;  itn"- 
prov-vl"sa-to'reJ.  —  lm-prov'1-sa-to-ry,  a.  —  lm"prov- 
vl"sa-tri'ce,  n.fem.    [It.] 

Im-pru  'dent,  1  im-prQ'dent;  2  Im-pru'dfnt,  a.  Not  pru- 
dent; lacking  discretion. 

Syn.:  careless,  foolhardy,  heedless,  Ill-advised,  Ill-judged, 
impolitic,  improvident.  Incautious,  inconsiderate.  Indis- 
creet, injudicious,  rash,  reckless,  shortsighted,  thoughtless, 
thriftless,  unthinking,  unthrifty,  venturesome,  venturous. 
Improvident  Is  chiefly  used  of  lack  of  provision  for  future 
need,  supply,  support,  etc.;  Imprudent,  of  a  lack  of  pro 
against  future  danger,  loss,  or  harm.  Bach  word  he 
acquired  a  positive  meaning:  Improvident  referring  to  care- 

less  or  reckless  waste  Of  present  resources  without  thought  of 
future  need;  imprudent,  to  thoughtless  or  reckless  disregard  of 
possible  or  probable  future  dangers,  See  IMPROVIDENT. — 
Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  ASTUTE.  Im-pru '(leiicc,  ;i.— Im- 
pru 'dent-ly,  adv. 
im'pu-dence,  n.  Effrontery;  shamelessness;  immodesty. 
Im'pu-den-ryi  [Bare], 

Syn.:  assurance,  boldness,  effrontery,  forwardness.  Im- 
pertinence, Incivility,  Insolence,  hit  ruslveness,  OfflClOUBneSS, 

pertness,  presumption,  rudeness,  sauolness.     Impertinence 

primarily  denotes  what  does  not  pertain  or  belong  to  the 
occasion  or  the  person,  and  hence  OOmes  to  Blgnlfy  Interfer- 
ence by  word  or  act  not  consistent  wll  h  the  age.  posit  Ion.  or 

relation  <>f  i  he  person  interfered  with  or  of  the  one  who  Inter- 
feres; especially,  forward,  presumptuous,  or  meddlesome 
speech.    Impudence  is  shameless  Impertinence,    what  would 

be  arrogance  In  a  superior  becomes  Imp*  Mi i        udence 

In  an  Inferior.  Impertttu  net  has  less  of  Intonl  and  doti 

lion  than  ImVUdi  nee.     \\  6  speak  of  thoughtless  I  mi"  " 

shameless  Impudenci      Insolenci   Is  Uterallj   thai  « 
against  custom,  i.  e.,  the  violation  of  oustomarj  n   i"  i  i  ind 
courtesy.    Offldousnesa  is  thrusting  upon  otlv 

and  unii.  sir.  ,i  gen  Ice,  and  Is  ol oll»mi        b  ■  n  is 

annoying.    Rudeness  Is  the  behavloi  that 

from  a  thoroughly  unoultured  person,  and  ma]   be  olthor 

deliberate  ami  insulting  or  unintentional  and  ovon 

scions.     ( lompare  akbog  inch;  a     oh     ci      bffw 

pi  rtness.     &nt»  bashfulness,  coyness,  dlffldonoo,  humility, 

lowliness,  meekness,  mo, I, 

Impudenoe  o/,  or  lmpudeno.  incrlor. 

Im'pu-dcnl,  1  inrpiu-denl ;  2  fa  i 

ivelj  bold     '-'■  [mmodi  w>t,    I 

puden(t-)s,  ppr  ol  pt  unod  I 

Syn  •  bold.  boId«faced,  brazen,  bra»cn»facod,  forward.  Im 
modest    Impertinent,  In  olent,  pi 

Compare  |j  i j  m     (...    r.n  i  BBNCI  Vnl 

,., 1 1  is i.  diffldent,  modest,  obi lou  ,  retli  Ing,  shrinking.  nity, 

timid.     liii'pii-<leni-i>,  oaTi 

Im-piiK"',  1  im-pifln';  :i  fm  pan',  vt     l  ••  call  ■ i 

gainsay  [<  L.w  •".  against,  '  puono,  fight]  Im- 
puK'iia-bin"'. a,    Im-pugn'er,  n,    Im-pafnlneiittn, 


Imp      I  .         ,  II..  II  „•    I.Orii; 

111,  1,1,  111  .          .  >  >       •  I  ii  i  I  .....      ..  ,  vii'm, 


KM, 


1  Im  pi<J 


Im    ptil. 


llll-ptll 


tin-pill     -I.     ,  I 

Im-pul    -l>    •  -l>    ■  Im-pul    «l>    .  - 


Im-pii 


Im-piii 


I . 
8. 

I. 

r.    I>  .  1  iii- |>ii r .    n.  --.  Ini-pii  "r I- 1 > . 

I .  '  » 

■ 

lm-pui.    . 

1 

?1  ] 

Im-pafa-bll " I  —  t > . 

Im-pul    i-i. I  •  -ii. ■--  lm-pui    i-i.l 

lin-|.uli-hl!.  I  in  "|»u- 1  -•   II. hi. 

Im-pii    l.i-tl\    .    .  -I>  . 

Im-pul  rruptlon 

Impii-tr.  -  i  l-l.l  ... 


Impi 

In. 


1.1. 

-  Ill  "!- 
I  . 
.'. 

1  .  ."> . 

1 .  imlinK  or  in- 

I  or  end  of  :■ 
I,  bo  a- 

inding  <ir  in- 
plyinR  that 
t 
i      6.  I  ' 

B.  With  the 
lit. 
ining  kind,   d 


the  < 


In- 
lii- 


In-ar'c,  - 
taTae-q  ■tiar'taiiee 

to-ac'co-rate.    -ly 
lD-«d'e-<]ua-cy 

:.-.-a/".'»— ,  **•>■. 

tn*a/l-mls*«l-Mr!-ty 
ln'ad-mnffJ-bKe''. 
-bly 

m-ald'a-bl(e» 


-  In.  In.    2,  <  OF. 

-     [■'  I..  In-,  not  ] 
and  In  I  p.  or 

.'.  im.  (r.  as  In 
merar 

lX.  ID*, 

ln-an'1-rr 

pro'prl-ttte- 
ln-»r/p<-'  ly.     -ncs« 

In-apV 

ln-ap*pll-ca-biri-      l 

ln-ap'pll-ca-i  ■  .  -ly. 

ln-ap*pll-<-a'tlon        It 

ln-ar/po-*lt«\     -ly 

In'ap-pre'cl-a-  In'ar-tia'ti-caHy 

-1,1  y  I-  ' 

In-ap*pre-ben'sl-       In-au'dl-bll'l-ty 

In-au'dl-bKC,  -bly 


,|'h  .mi 


blj 

bl) 

■.  nrc 


.     .    '        ! 


-IlltW 

In'ile  rlli 

■  rum 


In".  \    |h'iII  ill.'.' 

In'ej  i>.  .11  .  n 

In-.  \    |H Ml   . 

I  I 
•  i  enco 


.    I    I 

.  ■ 

ln*d<    "iii  ••ti-bir- 


I  :."•!•■  f.  n'--l  bll'l-t)    1  ii'.  v   pe'rl  .  Ill  I  'I 

1   .  Ill'l    \|H-1   | 


III 

■  Ull'Ml- 

In'com-mu'nl-ca- 

■'iii'iil-rn- 


In'di 


bl'. . 
In-cx'pll  ca  I'li'i  iy 
,  1,1  i  ip. 

In'cx-pU'elt 

i  ble, 

-l.lv. 


bly 

lii'i|i-liT'iiil-ri:i- 
l.l.-i'.      -My 

Ill'ili'-liT'llll-lllltlV 

-ly. 

.u'ta-lill'-    InMr-ii-r'iiil-iia'- 
l-ty  linn 

fta-  In'ili-viiin'.      -ly 

1. 1  .•!■.    -neas        In'dls-cern'l-bKe*,    In-fre'Quenoe 

;.:nl'  -bly  lii-frr'nui-n-ry 

In'com-pas'alon-ate  In* 
In'com-pll'anl  bl(e» 

In'oom-pos'lte  In'dls-crete',     -ly 

in'iiiin-pros'i-iiir-  In'dls-tlnet',    -iy. 

l-ly  -neSf. 

ln'dis-tln'gulan-«- 

i,i  ,.i-.    -i,iy  bl(e* 

In'com-put'a-bll'-    In'dto-tln'ffuJsh-ar 

lily 


In'ex-ten'al  bl(e* 

lii'i'X-tln'ipiNli-ti- 

1.1. r.      -lily 
In'fi  -inn'ill-i  v 

in-f.T'tiii«».  -on- 
ly 

Ill'frM-tlv'l    IV 

In-fr&n'el  bl  i  ■ 


iy 


-ly 
-ly. 


i-iy 

ln'com-pufa-bl(o»  ta'dl-vefl 

1  d'a-bl  ••'•  ,   -p'y  „    .„  _. 

ln*con-Clu'slv(e*'l  InMI-vl.l 

_|,.  InMI-vls'l-bU'l-ty 

I!,-, -oii-ilfiis-a-bH'-  InMI-vl.s-l-l.lic'-. 

"Vly:,  ,'!uT 
d  doc  i-i. ii  i-ty 

lri-i|m   i-t.l  ■ 

!:i:","r'i1i,''":v. 

i,ih-.'.  -wy,  -nc-ss!!'  ,!:w;!!1l;,y 

!ii*c.iii-Mirn-t)l(ert 


-bly,  -neas 

-  niini'i' 
.  -riant 
pIc/U-OUB, 

-ly,     -neas 
ln*eon-eum'a-bl(e* 

lii-iiiii-lruria-lili'c'- 

ln-con*tro-vert'l- 

i,i ■■•■■.  -lily,  -neoa 

lii-ci,ri'\  • 

ln'con-vert'l-bl(e», 
-biy.    -neoa 

lnVoii-vlw'l-liI(ep 

In'co-or'di-nate 

ln"r,i-<ir"ill-na'- 
lii'r.ir-rrct'.     -ly, 
ln*cor-rod'l-bl(e* 

lt,-,ni|-|-l.ll'l-ty 
li,-.T.-'l'l-bl«.-'\ 

-lily. 
In-fiir'a-lill'i-ty 
lri-<ur'a-bl  i-1'.  -bly.  Iii-<t'ii-<1Iii- 
In'i 


lii-din-'tili. 

In*duc-tll'l-ty 

In-ed't-bKC 

'a-bl(ep, 

-bly 
lll'i'f-fri  ■'• 

-iy. 
In'ef-fec'tu-al,  -ly, 

In-efO-ca'clous, 

-I..     -ncss 
In-effl-ca-cy 
In'ef-n'cli 
In'ef-n'cli  i 

ln'i-las'tlc 

i  i'1-t  v 
ln-il'i--,ance 
In-el'e-itant,     -ly 
In-el'o-Quent,    -Iy 

liw'i|ua-l,l  i'1' 
lin-i|'ul-la-bl'ii', 
-bly 


In-fre'quent, 

lti'liu-Mianr' 

In'nu-UI'tloua 
■  r'vanoe 
1 1  'van! . 

In-o'doi 

In'ol  ren 

In'of-O'clal 

ln-ii|i'iT-a-llv(f" 
lii-iip'por-linii'. 

-ly,    -neas 
brl-oua 

ln"s;i-lii'brl-ty 
ln-sal'u-ta-ry 
tarry 
■ '.   -ly. 

In'-,  -i-ii'rl-ty 

In    .  ■n'tl.-nt 

lii-rli"a-ra-bll'l-ty 

In-srp'a-ra-blii''. 

-bly. 
In'aln-oere',     -ly 
ln'eln-oer'1-ty 

In'-n-brl'e-ty 

ln-so'clal 
In'Hulxtr'dl-natc. 

-ly 
ln'sub-or"<l  l-na'- 

llun 

I  tn'tlaJ 
In'sut-fl'i 
In'suf-n'clen-cy 
In'auf-n'cient,     -ly 
ln*8up-port'a-bl(e', 

-nca« 
ln*sup-port'a-bly 
In'aup-pos'a-bUe' 
i.'il-bl(cp 


ln*e-rad'l-ca-bl(ep,    In-tran'slent 


bly 
In-erTa-bll'l-ty 
In-er'ra  I 


-iy 


In'ur-barii'' 
In'iir-bari'l-ty 
ln-u'tlle 
In'u-tll'l-ty 

-a-bl(ep 


-In  .  '     In  adjectlvi  I. at  In  origin, 

nicanini;  "pertaining  to,"  and    2    In  nouns  of.  Latin  origin, 

l.   -inu.s,  -inn,  -inum,  or  <  Or.  -Inos, 
nod]  termination.    (2>  <  L. -ina, termination 
of  (em  abatrael  nouns.]    -Inc;. 
-in  .    .  ■-     i    i  ,|  (i    as  a  termination  of  feminine  nouns,  and 

:  n  Ini  ra  ogy,  forming  names  of  derlva- 
elements.     [^   I.,  -inn.  or  Or.  -ini,  prop. 
fi  rn   of  I.   -  .see-i.N1.]    -IneJ. 

in..  [ins..  pi.\    Inch. 

In  '.i-i-Iiii-..   1    ln'9-ktm;   2  In'a-cus.  n.     fir.  Myth.     The  first 
king  of  Argos:  son  of  Oceanus  and  Tethys:  father  of  la. 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    Iu  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    I)  =  sins;    thin,   this,  impulssance 
407  2:  wolf,  dft;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  incident 


tn-ac'tion,  n.  A  state  of  inactivity.— ln-ac'tiv(e8,  a. 
Not  active;  indolent;  inert.  Syn.:  see  idle;  passive;  slow. 
—  in-ac'tlv(e-ly8,  adv.  —  ln'ac'tiv(e-ness8,  re.  —  In"ac- 
tlv'I-ty,  re.    The  state  of  being  inactive. 

ln"ad-ver'tent,  1  in"ad-vur'tent;  2  in"ad-ver'tent,  a.  1. 
Done  without  consideration.  2.  Habitually  heedless. — ■ 
ln"ad-ver'tence,  re.  in"ad-ver'ten-cy$.— In"ad-ver'- 
tent-ly,  adv. 

in-a'lien-a-ble, )  1    in-el'yen-a-bl;    2   in-al'ySn-a-bl,    a. 

in-a'lien-a-blp,  ]  Not  transferable;  that  can  not  be 
rightfully  taken  away. — in-a"lieii-a-bil'i-ty,  re.  in- 
a'llen-a-bl(e-nessPt.— in-a'lien-a-bly,  adv. 

In-am"o-ra'ta,  1  in-anVo-ra'ta  or  in-a"mo-ra'ta;  2  in-am"o- 
ra'ta  or  in-a"mo-ra'ta,  re.  A  woman  with  whom  one  is  en- 
amored; sweetheart. 

ln-am"o-ra'to,  1  in-am"o-ra'to;  2  in-am'o-rii'to,  n.  A  man 
who  is  enamored;  lover.  [<  It.  innamorato,  <  L.  in,  in,  + 
amo,  love.) 

In-ane',  1  in-en';  2  In-an',  a.  1.  Wanting  in  understand- 
ing; silly.  2.  Having  no  substance  or  contents;  vacant. 
[<  L.  inanls,  empty.] — in-ane'ly,  adv. — In"a-ni'tlon,  re. 
The  state  of  being  void  or  empty;  exhaustion  from  lack  of 
nourishment. — In-an 'i-ty,  re.  [-tiesz,  pi.]  1.  The  condition 
of  being  inane  or  empty;  inanition;  lack  of  sense.  2.  A  friv- 
olous or  silly  thing. 

In-arch'1,  vt.  To  graft  by  attaching  a  branch  without  sever- 
ing it  from  the  parent  stock  until  it  has  become  united  with 
the  new  stock;  graft  by  approach. 

in"as-niuch',  adv.  1.  Considering  the  fact;  seeing  that: 
always  with  as.  2.  In  like  degree;  in  so  far.  Syn.  see  be- 
cause. 

ln"at-ten'tlve, )  1  in'a-ten'tiv;  2  In'a-ten'tiv,  a.    Neglecting 

ln"at-ten'tlv8,  J  or  failing  to  pay  attention;  careless.  Syn.: 
absent,  absent=minded,  careless,  heedless,  inconsiderate,  list- 
less, neglectful,  negligent,  regardless,  remiss,  restless,  un- 
mindful, unobservant.  See  abstk acted.  —  Ant.:  attentive, 
careful,  considerate,  heedful,  listening,  noticing,  noting,  ob- 
serving, regardful,  studious,  thoughtful,  watchful. 

— ln"at-ten'tlv(e-ly8,  adv. — in"at-ten'tlv(e-ness8,   re. 

in-au  'gu-rate,  1  in-e'giu-ret ;  2  In-a'gu-rat,  vt.  [-RAT"EDd ; 
-rat"ing.]  1.  To  invest  with  an  office  in  a  formal  man- 
ner. 2.  To  begin;  originate.  3.  To  celebrate  the  open- 
ing or  introduction  of.  [  <  L.  in,  in,  +  augur,  diviner.] 
Syn.:  see  install. — ln-au'gu-ral.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  an 
inauguration.  II.  re.  An  address  by  a  person  on  his  induc- 
tion into  office. — ln-au"gu-ra'tlon,  re.  The  act  or  cere- 
mony of  inaugurating.  Syn.:  see  accession;  beginning.— 
In-au 'gu-ra"tor,  re.— In-au'gu-ra-to-ry,  a. 

In'be"ing,  re.  Existence  as  of  a  part  or  Quality  in  something; 
inherent  existence. 

In 'board",  a.  1.  Naut.  Inside  the  hull  or  bulwarks:  used 
also  adverbially.    2.  Mech.  Toward  the  inside. 

In 'born",  a.  Implanted  by  nature;  innate.  Syn.:  see  in- 
herent. 

In-bound',  a.    Bound  inward;  as,  an  inbound  ship. 

In- breathe',  vt.  To  infuse  by  breathing  or  by  inspiration; 
also,  to  draw  in,  as  breath. 

In'bred",  a.  1.  Bred  within;  innate.  2.  Ured  from  closely  re- 
lated parents.     Syn.:  see  inherent. 

In-breed',  vt.  1.  To  develop  or  produce  within.  2.  To  breed 
by  continual  mating  of  nearly  related  stock. 

Inc.,  abbr.    Incorporated,  increase. 

in'ca,  1  irj'ka;  2  In'ca,  re.  1.  An  ancient  native  Peruvian 
chief.  2.  [I-]  One  of  the  race  formerly  dominant  in 
Peru.    [Sp.,  <  Peru,  inca.] 

In-cage',  vt.    To  encage. 

In"ca-les'cent,  1  in"ka-les'ent;  2  In'ca-les'ent,  a.  Growing 
warm;  increasing  in  heat.  [<  L.  in.  In,  +  calcsco,  grow 
warm,  <  caleo,  be  warm.) — In"ca-les'cence,  re. 

In"can-des'cent,  1  in"kan-des'ent;  2  In"can-dCs'6nt,  o. 
Made  luminous  by  heat;  white  or  glowing  with  heat. 
[<  L.  incandescen{t-)s,  ppr.,  <  in,  in,  +  candeaco,  grow 
hot,  <  candeo,  glow.)— Incandescent  lamp,  an  electric 
lamp  with  an  incandescent  filament;  also,  a  gOS»lamp  hav- 
ing a  hood  or  mantle.  See  lllus.  in  next  column.— lu"- 
can-des'ccnce,  -cen-cy,  re. 

ln"can-ta'tion,  1  iu"kan-te'.sli;ni;  2  In'Van-ta'shon,  n. 
The  utterance  of  magical  words  for  enchantment  or  ex- 
orcism; the  formula  so  used.  [  <  L.'-'-  incanto,  <  in,  in, 
+  canto,  sing.]  Syn.:  see  borcehy.— ln'can-ta"tor,  re.— 
In-can  'ta-to-ry,  a. 

In"ca-pac'i-tatc'',  1  in*ka-pas'i-tSt;  2  tn*ea-p&c'i  tat,  vt, 
1.  To  deprive  of  capacity.  2.  To  deprive  of  political 
capacity;  disqualify.— in"ca-pac"l-ta'(ion,  //.  in"- 
ca-pac'l-ty,  re.  (-tiesz,  pi.]  l.  Lack  of  capacity;  Inoapa- 
binty.   2.  Law.  Want  o*  competency.    Syn.:  see  idiocy. 

Jn-cap'su-late'i,  vt.    To  shorten  by  telescoping. 

In-car'cer-atc,  1  in-kar'sar-St;  2  In-ear'c§r-a\t,  vt.  [-at"- 
EDd;  -at"ing.J  To  shut  up  in  a  prison.  (  <  L.  in,  in,  + 
career,  jail.]  —  fn-car"cer-a'tlon,  re. 

In-car'na-dlne,  I  1    in-kur'no-din;    2    In-ear'nn-dln,   vt. 

ln-car'na-dinH,  }  (-din(k)i.8;  -pin-ing.]     To  dye  red  or 


flesh=color.     [<   F.  inearnadin,    <   incarnat,  flesh«col- 
ored.] 
in-car'nate,  1  in-kar'net;  2  Tn-car'nat.    I.  tt.    [-NAT*EDd; 
;Nat"ing.]     To  embody  in  flesh;  cause  to  assume  a  liv- 
ing   bodily  form.     II.  a.     Invested  with 
flesh.     [<  L.LL  in,   in,    +   earo    (corn-), 
flesh.] — ln"car-na'tlon,  re.    1.  The  act  of 
becoming  incarnate;  especially,  the  assump- 
tion of  the  human  nature  by  Jesus  Christ. 
2.  Personification.     3.  Surg.      The  process 
of  healing  in  a  wound. 
in-case'S  )  1  in-kes';  2  m-eas',  vt.    To  en- 
en-case'',  )  close  in  a  case;  enclose  in  or 
surround  with  anything. — in-[or  en-j- 
case'ment,  n. 
In"ca-va'tion,  1  in"ks-ve'sTian;  2  in"ca- 
va'shon,  n.    The  act  of  making  hollow, 
or  the  hollow  itself.     [<   L.  incavatus, 
pp..  <  in,  in,  +  caeus,  hollow.] 
ln-cen'di-a-ry,    1    in-sen'di-e-n ;    2    In- 
c6n'di-a-ry.     I.  a.     1.  Pertaining  to  ma- 
licious setting  on  fire.     2.  Tending   to   Incandesoent 
inflame  passion.    II.  n.     [-riesz,  pi.]     1.  Electric  Lamp. 
One  who  maliciously  sets  on  fire  a  build-     a  a.  m*t*ui< 
ing;   one  who  commits  arson.     2.   One  i1''1  a,i"*M  *>«"•- 
who  excites  to  sedition,  inflames  evil  pas-  "n.'-J.u^. 
sions,  or  the  like.     [  <  L.  ineendiarius,  <  v'r  ounwt  through 
incendo,  set  on  lire.l — ln-cen'di-a-rlsm,  re.  rt»  ''■  "blob  la  m- 
An  incendiary  act.  Curr«t  ''•TV" 

In-cense'1,  1  in-sens';  2  In-cSns',  vt.     [in-  through  j)  if  m! 
censed'1;    incens'ing.]     To  inflame  or  »i 
incite  to  anger.     [  <  L.  incensus,  pp.  of  "hi011  '"  '",  ""V**'1 

.  _,  .  j.       ,  rr  with  ecrew»shcll  t  on 

incendo,  set  on  tire.] 

Syn.:    anger,    chafe,    enrage,  exasperate,  i    , ilnoon- 

fire,  gall,  goad,  heat.  Inflame,  irritate,  pro-  tMt»ithin«t»lUoo»p 
voke,  sting. — Ant.:  allay,  appease,  concili-  "'.' ' '"": ':'  '""'i'-  *n! 

ate,  mollify,  pacify,   placate,    s he.     In-  JJVJU  aSTSE 

censed',  pa. — In-cense'meut,     re.      Vlo-  is«>ooiaVlai*elroult 
lent  rage. — In-cen'slv(e8,  a.      Tending  to  h 
incense. — ln-cen'sor,  re.    In-cen'scrJ.         oKboniitanwntiirir, 
in'cense%  1  in'sens;  2  In'cens,  vt.   &  vi.  ^*J2f ' 

[iN'CENSED1;    IN'cENS-ING.]      To    perfume  nnwotlnlj  la  »orr» 

with    incense;    burn    incense.  —  in"cen-  »'"'  °»P  ••"  <»••  u' 
sa'tlon,  re.  '""'' 

In'cense,  n.  1.  An  aromatic  substance  thai  exhales  per- 
fume during  combustion,  as  certain  nums  and  spices. 
2.  The  odor  or  fumes  <>t  spices,  etc.,  burnt  as  an 
worship.  3.  Any  agreeable  perfume.  (<  LL.'tncenaum, 
lit.  neut.  pp.  of  L.  Incendo;  sec  incense1,  bJ 
in-cen'tive,  1  1  in-sen'tiv;  2  In-cen'tiv.  I.  a,  Encourag- 
in-cen'tiv8, )  ing  or  impelling.  II.  n.  Thai  which  in- 
cites, or  tends  to  incite,  to  action.     [  <  L.  inn  ntus.  pp., 

<  in-  lntens.   +  raiu>.  sing.]     Syn.:  see  DIPULBB;   UOTIVB. 
— ln-ccn'tlv(e-ly8,  adv. 

Incep.,  abbr.    Inceptive. 

In-cep'tlon,  1  in-Bep'shen;  2  In-cep'shon,  n.  The  ad  ol 
beginning;  also,  the  initial  period.    [<  L.  inc«p«o(n-), 

<  inceplus,  <  incipio,  begin] 

Syn.:  see  beginning.     in-cep'tiv(e»,  n.    Noting  the  be- 
ginning.— ln-cep'tlv(e-Iy8,  adv. 

in-cer'ti-tude,  1  in-sur'ti-tiud;  2  fa»-e8r'ti-t0d,   >i.     1. 
The  state  of  being  uncertain;  uncertainty     2.  <  Ibsoui 
ity.    [F.,  <  I.,  incertus,  uncertain.] 

In-ccs'sant,  1  in-ses'ent;  2  In-ceVant,  a.    Continued  or 
repeated  withoul   oessation      (<   L.  in-,  not, 
sare(<-)x.  ppr.  of  cesso,  CEASE.]    Syn.:  Bee  CONTINI  U  .  ri  ii 

PETUAL. 

— ln-ccs'san-cy,  re.-   In-ces'sant-ly,  mlv. 

In'cest,  1  in'sest;  2  ui'cest,  n.    Sexual  intercourse  between 

persons  too  nearly  related  foi    I       '    ' 

tncestum,  <  in-,  not,    I    ea  tus,  pure.]    In-ces'tu-ousi  a 
In-ces'tu-ous-Iy,  adv. 

Inch1,  1  inch;  2  Inch,  ».  A  lineal  measure,  thi  twelfth 
part  of  a  foot.  SeeMBAStJBi  I  iS.ynee,  «  L  uncia, 
twelfth  part  I 

Inch-',  «.  An  Island:  a  rrequenl  elomcm  In  Bcottlsh  local 
names;  as,  fnc/lcolm,    [  ■    <  lael   Inni  .  Island.] 

Inch.,  inciio.,  abbr.    Inchoative.  [piecemeal 

iiicirmeai",  l   Incn'mfl';  2  Inoh'mfil',  ttd\      Inch  bj   Inch; 

In'cho-ate,  1  in'ko  I  I ;  2  tn'co  •'    ' l 

ments;  begun  or  entered  upon,  but  not  in  lull  •  i ; 
or  operation:  incipient     I       '         '  pp.  ol    nchoo, 

begin.]    in'cho-ate-iy.  adv.      ln"cho-«'tlon,  »       in- 
clio'a-tlvic*.  a.    I.  Inceptive     ■-'■  Inchoau;;  Incipient 

in'cl-dcncc,  1  in'si-dons;  2  In'ci  dfinc,  "      A  falln 

the  direction  ol  fall,  a  it] ii  i  ol   i  bod 

lation  to  a    urface  on  which  it  impingi        I       ' 
,/.  nit  in,  mi «n      ral       InxMen-ei  »■ 

In'rl-ilenl,  1   in'  i  dent     '  >•  "      '•  ' 

upon;  likely  to  befall.    8. '  »1  the  nature  ol  an  Incidi  nt; 


For  words  in  ire-  not  given  above  see  in-»,  prefix,  page  400. 


liu  III'  I  i  tit.  Ar;    full,  rOle;    Lilt,  nOrn; 

ln.l.  IXr.l  ...  i  |  III  i        ........       |  ,'.,,      40S 


II 


In    .  I-.I.  u   i  .l-l>  . 

Hon,  in-,  in  •  r- .  tor,  • 

in-i -in  i-. -in  .  .  in-.  Ip  i- 


In-i  in  . 

lu-<  In    .  r-.i 

In-.  In  i-.  iii. 

.  II-. 
111-.  I-.    .  I . 

'.'.    .  •  with  a  Bharp 

in- 

rl   -I":-  ln-il  '- 

I 

!■■  -«- 1  'no-rj :.     in-ri  '■•l\  <■- 
in-,  i  tli  Finest  .         i ii-t-i  -,.r.    I. 

II  I n-t  I  '-lire, 

ln-<  ii.    .  ';  iN-t  it'ini.  ] 

E     . 
-pi  it.  m in. 
in-<  1  i  jui.    I.  n 

ln"ol-ta   (Ion,    «,      1. 
.'.      \  In-i  lla-th    e",  In-clle'- 

i I  '.'.  That  which 

Syn  lii-rlt  'it,  n. 

In.  I  . 
in-<  li-m  iiii . 

- 

1!    -I   |.    Ill    Cll-C),  1. 

.'- 

lli-tliin     .  r       [lN-<  i.inm/;  in-<  I  in'- 

I.         1.    .  r  .-1"]"' 

II.        I . 
S.  I  ..  have  an  in- 
;».sih].     [<    I 
.. 
TIP. 

in.  inn  'i  plane,  :.•  but  :i  right 

angle  with  a  bon.-  ilx  me- 

..     ;     .<••  r-        In-i  1 1 II  '.i-l.l  .     . 

Ill "i  ll-na    IImii.  I.      ! 

fron.  II j  fr.nn 

.' . 

I. 

pml:  4. 

attraction, 
disposition. 

. 

Anu  aversion.  dJi 
If  llinni  i 

In-.  Inn     .  ■    :n  the  ln.ru 

ln-<  ll|' 
ln-<  I'.-.    . 

ln-<  lii'li  '.    .  |d',   rf.      (lS-<  III.' 

I. 

I    ■ 

In-i  In  '-Inn.  !  '  Includ- 

lii-rlu'-h    .-, 

■ 
In".;   . 

.    ;-l  i-l.l   •.. 
■ 

lll-roic"l-t.'l-llll  '  I  -  I  >  . 
I. 
II.  I. 

suit.-  '-'- 

passes  under  an  assumed  name.     [It.,   <   I 

tt'/»L,      ln-<  "«  nl-la.   ■       ■  m 


Plane. 

■ 

I 

■  ".i;    M'l'i.i  n  b: 
Kl  \  .  RELISH:    WILL. 


I -In  r   .ill.    I    m'k..  Iilr'.iil,    2    I:  i        I. 

Ila>  .  iub;   unoon- 

.:.  tliought,  ^i"  ech, 
:t.    \\  ithoul  ■    parti 

-I). 

i.i  .in.,   iii  i  ..-in  r'.-n-.  \ .  i.  warn  ol 

il.rhil   part  I- 

1      .  I      !..  I.  III. 

iii  n  .  .  i  ' ..■  amount  ol  money 

ii.\ 

In   i  "it.   1   i  .  I.  I.  (  in.-  win.  ,,r 

.■ii.'   who  follow!  or  succeeds 
anotl  '.'.  ■  |  One  who  resides  in  a  plnce,  but  was 

•HIT 

In   rnin    Inn.  1  inl.iini"il|,  °  In'.  I.  I.  Coming 

in,  ..r  about    In  ■  .'. 

II.  I.I  'unit',  in,  iii- 

'.'    • 
In' -mud.  '  .     1  ■.-111...I';    2    In",  .ii,... I'.      ' 

disturb.    |  <   I.  r  in-,  i 

nt.  suitable  ]    In^com-ino'dl-oua,   a.     Not 

riniiiiiii.il. m-i;  nut  affording  sufflclent  accommodation;  ln- 

.  in     -I),  adv.    -nesSi         in "<i>mi-mi<m| 'i- 1 > .  n. 

||,    n. . i  which  causes  Inconvenience  or  trouble.    It.  ln- 

convi 

in-i 'pa-rm-ble, )  1  in-kem'pe-re-bl;  2  In-eom'pa-ra- 

In-rniii  'pa-ra-bl' ,  i  i-..       Not  admitting  of  comparison: 
peerless.     IK.,    <    I..   in-,  1 1 < > t ,     |    comparo,  compare.] 

Iii-i'imi    pa-ra-lil  i-ni's-i',  r.        Iii-ruiii"- 
n  i-r.i-lill   i-i>  .  iii-<um  |ia-ra-lil> , 

iii'i  nm-pa<  'i-lilf,  |  1    in"kom-pat'l-bl;    2    In'eom-p&t'i- 
ln"<  niu-pai  'i-lil'',  j  Id.  a,    1.  .\..i  compatible;  incapable 
.•I  existing  together  in  agreement  "r  harmony;  diacor- 
"•.     '       Incapable  ol  use  in  combination,  as  certain 
•s  1 1:  Mil  .  r. 
In"(  iiin-|i.il  "l-hll  'l-l  j ,  in 'i  nni-pat  'l-blic-ncss'',  n. 
In-i  "in-|ial  'l-lil\ . 

iii-inin 'pc-tcnt,  1  in-kem'pi-tent;  2  rh-eom'pe-tent,  a, 

1.  Nut  competent;  unable  t"  'In  what  is  required,    '*. 

egally  quallfled.    Syn  :  Bee  bad,    In-com'pe-tence, 

iii-ruin  'pe-fen-ej ,  n.   ( leneral  lack  or  capacity;  Inability. 

I  ■■-><  >m  '!»«—!  <-n  l-l>  . 

iii"<-nm-pli'to',  1  iii"k"in-|ilit';  2  In*eom-pl6t',  a.     Not 
.  te;  imperfect.     -ly,  adv.     -ih-ss,  n.     ln"coin- 
ple'tlon,  n. 

In".'.iin-Iinsi'i|'t,   1    ln'kam-pozd';  2  [n'eom-pBsd',  a.      DlS- 

in-ruin' 'pre-hen'sl-b]  «•'',  1  in-kem'pn-hen'a-bl;  2  ta- 

i  ■  i.'.-i-hl,  .1.     1.  Not   comprehensible;  incon- 
oi  Ivable.    'ii.  That  ran  in.i  be  Included  nr  confined  within 

:  lii-mm"iiri-hiTi"'Nl- 

hil'l-ty,    n.       In-ci>ni"prc-licirsl-l»l c-nos'',    n.       In- 
iiiiii"l>n-lii'ii  'si-bly,    ado.  —  lii-«uiii"|irc-li«Ti\lon,    n. 
at  understanding.—  ln^om<ypre-heD'sly(esl  a.    Not 
comprehensive;  limit <-d. 
in"riiii-«ci\  ';i-lili',  |  1  iii"kun-siv';.-l)l;  2  Ut'eon-ceVa-bl, 
in"i-i»n-<'ci\  'a-iil  .  i  •      I.  That  can  in.t  In-  conceived; 
incomprehensible.    '!■  Phil      involving  a  contradiction 
in  terms;  inherently  contradictory,     -ness,  n. — ln"- 
(•un-<'i'l»"ii-l)H'l-t> ,  /       iii"iuii-icl\  'a-lil\ ,  adv. 
in-i  (in 'illic§.  l  In-ken'dalt  or  -dit;  2  In-e6n'dlt  or  -dlt,  a. 
Badly  constructed;  Irregular.    [•    i..  tncunditus,  <  in-,  not, 
+  com  ;'Mi  together.] 

In-con 'grn-ous,  1  in-ken'gru-us;  2  fa-c6o'gru-tis,  a.    1. 
'.'.  I  o   iposed  of  inharmonious  elements. 
[<  i  t;  and  see  i  onghuoub.] 

Syn.:  absurd,   conflicting,   contradictory,   contrary,  dls- 

cordant,  discrepant,  unmatched,  Inapposite,  Inappropriate, 

incommensurable,   Incompatible,  ent,    innarmonl- 

IrreconcUable,  mismatched,  •  epugnant,  un- 

sultable.    Two  or  more  thiims  thai  iio  uoi  in  well  together, 

or  arc  not  ad  "'  OCT,  are  >'"'!  i"  i" 

a  thin  adapted  to  the 

time,  place,  •  Iso  applii  'i  to  a  thing 

HI)   of    Unassorted    parti    01  "      elements. 

rdant  Is  applied  to  all  thing  itlonliks 

are  not  iii  accord;  Inharmonious  has  the 

e,    hut.    Is  a   n,i!>!,  i    "in       Incompatible 

primarily  signifies  unable  to  sympathize  or  feel  alike;  In- 
land ' ither,     Things  are  In- 

..  Iii.h    can    I.  ether    in    harmonious 

relations,  and  whose  action  when  associated  tends  to  ultl- 

.  a  licit. m  of  one  by  the  oih.-r.  Inconsistent  applies 
to  things  that  can  not  in-  made  to  agree  in  thought  with  each 

,,r  with  Borne  Standard  of  truth  or  rluht;  slavery  and 
fr.  •   :  With  each  other  In  theory,  and  in- 

ln  f act      Incongruous  applies  to  relations,  unxuit- 

Ineongt  uou    ■■■  nich  can 

i.oi  he  agro  ably  associated;  either  may  be  unsuitable  for  a 

.    a   room,   or  an  occasion.     Incommensurable  is  a 

:i  term,  applying  to  two  or  more  quantities 


For  words  In  in-  not   given  above  see  in-1,  pre/ix,  page  406. 


1:  a  =  final;    i  =  habit^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    !u  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  siren;   fhin,   this    Incinerate 
409     2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,  but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;  thin,   this!      indebted 


that  have  no  common  measure  or  aliquot  part.  See  con- 
trary.—  Ant.:  accordant,  agreeing,  compatible,  consistent, 
harmonious,  suitable.  —  Prep.:  with. 

—  in-con 'gru-ence,  re. — in-con 'gru-ent,  a. — ln"con- 
gru'i-ty,  re.  1.  The  state  of  being  incongruous;  lack  of  har- 
mony or  suitableness.  2.  That  which  Is  incongruous. — in- 
con 'gru-ous-ly,  adv. 

in-con 'se-quent,  1  in-kon'si-kwent;  2  ln-con'se-kwent, 
a.  1.  Contrary  to  reasonable  inference;  illogical.  2. 
Not  according  to  sequence,  -ly,  adv. — in-con'se- 
quence,  re.  — in-con"se-f(uen  'tial,  a.  Of  little  consequence. 

ln"con-sid 'er-ate,  1  in"ken-sid'8r-it;  2  m"c6n-sid'er-at, 

a.     1.  Not  considerate;  thoughtless.     2.  Showing  want 

of  consideration.  Syn.:  see  bluff;  imprudent;  inattentive. 

— in"con-sid'er-ate-Iy,  adv.— in"con-sid'er-ate-ness, 

re. — in"con-sid"er-a'tion,  re.  », 

ln"con-sis'tent,  1  in"kon-sis'tent;  2  in"con-sis'tent,  a. 
1.  Logically  incompatible.  2.  Self 'contradictory.  3. 
Not  consistent;  capricious. 

Syn.:  see  contrary;  incongruous.  —  in"con-sis'ten- 
cy,  re.   in"eon-sis'tence);.— in"con-sis'tent-ly,  adv. 

In-con'stant,  a.  Not  constant:  fickle;  variable.  Syn.:  see 
fickle;  vain. — ln-COil's(aut-Iy,a</f — in-con 'stan-ey,  re. 

in"con-test'a-bl(ep,  a.  Not  admitting  of  controversy. 
Syn.:  certain,  impregnable,  incontrovertible,  Indisputa- 
ble indubitable,  irrefragable,  unassailable,  undeniable,  un- 
doubted, unquestionable.  —  Ant.:  apocryphal,  doubtful, 
dubious,  fictitious,  hypothetical,  problematical,  question- 
able, uncertain,  unsustained,  unverified. 
— in"_con-test'a-biy,  adv. 

in-coii'ti-nent,  a.  1.  Not  continent;  exercis'ng  no  con- 
trol over  the  appetites  or  passions;  unchaste.  2.  [Colloq.] 
Immediate. — in-coii'ti-neuce,  re.  Lack  of  continence; 
unchastlty.  in-con 'ti-nen-cy J. — in-con 'ti-nent-ly,  adv. 
1.  Without  due  restraint.  2.  Immediately,  in-con 'ti- 
nentt  [Archaic]. 

in"con-ve'nient,  1  in"ken-vln'yent;  2  in"eon-ven'y6nt, 
a.  Not  convenient;  incommodious;  inexpedient;  un- 
suitable, -ly,  adv. — in"con-ve'nience.  I',  vt.  To 
put  to  inconvenience.  II.  re.  1.  The  state  of  being  incon- 
venient.   2.  A  disadvantage.    In"con-ve'nIen-cyt. 

In'co-nyt,  a.    Delectable;  dainty;  pretty. 

Incor.,  abbr.    Incorporated. 

in-cor'po-rate,  1  in-ker'po-ret;  2  ln-cor'po-rat,  v.  [-rat"- 
EDd;  -rat"ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  combine  together  so  as  to 
form  one  harmonious  whole;  form  into  or  unite  with  a 
body.  2.  To  embody.  3.  To  form  into  a  legal  corpora- 
tion. II.  i.  To  become  incorporated.  Syn.:  see  enroll; 
mix;  unite. 

in-cor  'po-rate1, 1  in-ker'po-nt ;  2  m-cor'po-rat,  a.  1.  Not 
consisting  of  matter.    2.  Not  formed  into  a  corporation. 

in-cor'po-rate2,  o.  Joined,  or  intimately  associated;  in- 
corporated. [  <  L.  incorporatus,  pp.  of  incorporo,  em- 
body, <  in,  in;  and  see  corporate.] — In-cor"po-ra'tlon, 
re.  1.  The  act  of  incorporating.  2.  A  corporation.  3.  The 
combining  of  elements. — in-cor 'po-ra"tor,  re. 

in"cor-po're-al,  1  in"kar-po'n-6l;  2  In"c6r-p6're-al,  a. 
1.  Not  consisting  of  matter;  immaterial.  2.  Intangible. 
in-cor  'po-ralt. — in"cor-po're-al-ism,  re.  The  state  of 
incorporeal  existence.  — in"cor-po'rc-al-ly,  adv.— in-cor"- 
po-re'i-ty,  re.    The  quality  of  being  not  material. 

In-corpse't,  vt.    To  incorporate. 

in-cor 'ri-gi-ble, )  1  in-ker't-ji-bl;  2  In-cor'i-gi-bl,  a.     1. 

in-cor 'ri-gi-blp,  J  That  can  not  be  corrected.  2.  De- 
praved beyond  reform,  -ness,  n. — in-cor"ri-Ki-bil'i- 
ty,  re. — in-cor 'ri-gl-bly,  adv. 

in"cor-rupt'i-ble, )  1  in"ke-rupt'i-bl;2in"c5-rupt'i-bl,a. 

in"cor-rupt'i-blp,  J  Incapable  of  corruption. 
Syn.:  see  faithful;  immortal;  just;  moral. 
— ln"cor-rupt',  a.  t.  Not  depraved  nor  defiled  morally; 
pure.  2.  Not  marred  in  physical  substance.  Syn.:  see  just; 
pure.— in"cor-rupt"i-bIl'l-ty,  in"cor-rui>t'l-bl(e-ness'*, 
re. — ln"cor-rupt'i-bly,  adv.— ln"cor-rup'tlon,  re.  free- 
dom from  corruption.—  in"cor-rup'tlv(e8,  a.  Not  liable  to 
corruption. 

incr.,  abbr.    Increase. 

in-cras'sate,  1  in-kras'ct;  2  In-cras'at.  I.  vt.  *  vt,  [-hat- 
ed*; -sat-ing.]  To  make  or  become  thick  or  thicker.  II.  a. 
Thickened.  [<  L.  in.  in,  +  crassus,  thick.]  ln-rras 'sat- 
ed t. — ln"cras-sa'tlon,  re.  I.  The  act  or  process  of  thick- 
ening. 2.  A  thickening  or  swelling.  —  In-cras'sa-tlv(c3,  a. 
Tending  to  thicken. 

in-crease',  1  in-kris';  2  In-erfis',  vt.  &  vi.  [in-creased'1; 
in-creas'ino.]  To  augment  or  make  greater;  enlarge; 
become  greater;  grow;  multiply, 

Syn.:  advance,  aggravate,  augment,  enhance,  enlarge, 
exaggerate,  extend,  heighten,  intensify,  magnify,  prolong, 
raise.  See  add;  aggravate;  amplify;  FLOURISH;  propa- 
gate: swell.  —  Ant.:  abbreviate,  abridge,  contract,  curtail, 
decrease,  diminish,  reduce,  waste. — ln-creas'a-bl(e»",  a.— 


in'crease,  1  in'kris;  2  In'cres,  re.  A  growing  larger  or 
greater;  augmentation;  increment;  produce.  [<  L.  in, 
In,  4-  cresco,  grow.] 

Syn.:  access,  accession,  accretion,  addendum,  addition, 
aggravation,  amplification,  appendage,  augmentation,  com- 
plement, enhancement,  enlargement,  expansion,  extension, 
growth,  harvest.  Improvement,  increment,  product,  reen- 
forcement.  return.  See  accession;  harvest:  progress. — 
Ant.:  abbreviation,  contraction,  deduction,  diminution,  ex- 
penditure, loss,  subtraction,  waste. 

In-cred 'i-bl(ep,  1  in-kred'i-bl;  2  In-cred' i-bl.  a.  Beyond  or 
difficult  of  belief. 

in-cred 'u-lous,  1  in-kred'yu-lus;  2  ln-cred'vu-lcis,  a.  1. 
Refusing  belief;  skeptical.  2.  Characterized  by  or  man- 
ifesting doubt.  3f- Incredible,  -ly,  adv.—  in"cre-du'- 
li-ty,  re.  Indisposition  to  believe,  in-cred  'u-Ious-ness;. 
Syn.:  see  doubt.  [in-cre'mat,  vt.  To  cremate. 

in'cre-mated,  1  in'kn-met  or  in-kri'mot;  2  In'crc-inat  or 

in'cre-ment,  lin'kn-ment  or  -mant;  2  In'cre-mcnt,  n.  1. 
The  act  of  increasing;  enlargement.  2.  That  which  is 
added;  increase.  3.  Math.  The  amount  by  which  a  vary- 
ing quantity  increases  bet  worn  two  of  its  stages.  [< 
L.  incrementum,  <  incresco,  increase.)     Syn.:  see  increase. 

in-eres'cent,  1  in-kres'ent;  2  in-eres'ent.  a.    Characterised 
by  increase;  growing:  said  especially  of  the  moon.     |       i 
increscent-)!!,  ppr.  of  incresco;  see  increase. | 

in-crim'i-nate,  lin-krim'i-net;2In-crim'i-nat,  vt.  [-nat"- 
ed; -nat"ing.]    To  charge  or  connect  with  a  crime.    (< 

LL.  incrimimilus,  <  L.  in,  in,  -f  crimen,  a  crime  ] 

in-crust'd,  1  in-krust';  2  In-crust',  vt.  To  cover  with  a 
crust  or  hard  coat,  as  in  decorative  processes.  —  in"- 
orus-ta'tioii,  n.  1.  The  act  of  incrusUng,  or  the  object  in- 
crusted.    2.  A  crust  on  the  surface  of  a  bodj 

in'cu-bate,  1  in'[or  irj'Jkiu-bSt; 2  Kn'[or  Ir/Jett-bat,  vt.  &  vi. 
[-BAT"EDd;  -bat"ing.]  1.  To  sit  upon  in  order  to  batch, 
as  eggs;  also,  to  hatch  by  sitting.  2.  To  plan.  [  <  L.  in, 
on,  +  cubo,  lie.]— in"cu-ba'- 
tion,  n.  1.  The  act  of  hatch- 
ing; figuratively,  a  planning  or 
producing.  2.  Pathol.  The  pe- 
riod between  the  time  of  expo- 
sure to  an  infectious  disease  and 
its  development.  —  in'cu-ba"- 
tor,  re.  That  which  incubates, 
especially  an  apparatus  artifi- 
cially warmed,  as  for  the  hatch- 
ing of  eggs. 

in'cu-bus,  1  ir/kiu-bus;  2  In'- 
cu-bus,  n.      [in'cu-bus-es  or 

in'cu-bi,    pi.]      1.    Anything  u<  ,„,„,,  ,  „ur9crr 

that  tends  to  weigh  down  or  dm»;  i;,  ngulator, 

discourage.       2.    The    night- 
mare.    3j|.  A  male  demon.     [<  L.**  incubo;   see    in- 
cubate.]    Syn.:  see  load. 

in-cul'cate,  1  in-kul'kSt;  2  In-eul'eat,  vt.  [-cat-bd*; 
-cat-ing.]  To  impress  upon  the  mind  by  repeated 
admonition;  teach.  [<  L.  in,  on,  -+-  caico,  tread.) 
Syn.:  see  impress. — In"cul-ca'tion,  re.  —  in-cul'ca-tor.  re. 

in-cul'pate,  1  in-kul'pet;  2  In-cul'pat.  vt.     \-\-w  bo 
-pat-ing.]    To  charge  with  wrong»doing;  implicate.    |< 
L.  in.  In,  +  culpa,  fault.]  — lu"cul-pa'tlon,  re.  — Iii-eul'- 
pa-to-ry,  a. 

in-cuin'bent,  1  in-kum'bent;  2  tn-cum'bent.  I.  a.  1. 
Required  or  demanded;  obligatory.  2.  Hosting  upon 
something.  II.  re.  One  who  holds  an  office  or  performs 
official  duties.  [<  L.  Ire,  on,  +  cubo,  lie  ]  lu-cuin 'ben- 
cy,  re.    [-CIES*,  pi.]    The  state  or  period  of  holding  an  Office. 

in-cum'ber,  in-cum'brancc,  etc.    See  dncombeb,  etc, 

in-cur',  1  in-kur';  2  In-cur',  vt.     [ln-CURRBd';  in-itii'- 
king.J     To  bring  upon  oneself,  as  an  injurious  i 
quence.    [<  L.K  inr.urro,  <  in,  against,  +  eurro,  run  I 

Ill-Clir'slon,  1  in-kur'slwin;  2  In-cur'shon,  n       \   ho  tile 
entrance  into  a  territory;  a  temporary  invasion;  raid, 
[<  I.,  incur sio (re-) ,  <  incurm;  see  [NCtJB  I 
Syn.:  see  AGGRESSION;  attack;  invasion. 

— ln-cur'slv(eH,  a.    Disposed  to  make  Incur  I 
in-curvc',  1  in-kOrv';  2  in-eurv',  tt,  &  t\     To  ourye,  or 
cause  to  curve,  inward,     [<   L.  ineurvo,   <  i»,  in,    I 

curvus,  bent.]     In-cur'vatc.     I.  it.     \  \\ I      \  u   ING  I 

To  curve;  bend,    II.  a,    Curved.    Iir'cur-fa'tlon.        I 
The  state  ol  being  curved  or  ben  i     3.  The  act  of  bendl 
Pathol.  The  growing  Inward  of  the  nail  -"Wing 

nail. 

In'rus,  1  Irj'kws;  2  In'euS,  re.    [in'CO  DEB,  1  In'l 
eO  dSg,  pi]  one  of  the  small  bones  in  the  i\  mpanurn  • 
die  ear:  so  called  from  its  Fancied  n  i  mblanoe  to  an  anvil. 
1 1 ...  .-in vii.  •    ineudo,  fox  •".   I  auto, strike.] 

Ind,  i  lnd;2Ind,  n.    India:  poetic  name 

Ind.,  abbr  India,  Indian,  Indiana  (official),  Index  lndM 
abbr.    independent, Indigo,    ind..  imiic.. abbt     Indicative 

in-debt'ed,  1  in-det'ed;  2  In  deV&d,  pa     I-  I  laving  oon- 


Incubator. 


ln-creas  'lng-ly,  adv. 

For  words  In  in-  not  given  above  sec  inj,  prefix,  page  40(1 


.11.1.'.  flu  *  .,  ..,.,11..,.       ..»«,  Br;   full.  rQI.-;    DOt,  I.ftrn: 

In. Iii.  (I, .ii  .         .  i      >  •      ■         •        •  I     I        I  I  i  w4o,    410 


In. 


In-. I,     ..,,-.>. 
I 


I 

In-, I.    .  ,  iil-l\  . 

■ 
for  tl.,'  |>ur- 


In    ,|.     • 

In    .!.  -I  .1    I--,  i-l'l    . 

■falling, 
unfailing,  un- 

K.  half' 

ln".)r-ral~l-s .i-l.ll   l-l>  .    .     In.li -tat   l-Ka-lil   .--n 

In    .1.  -f.il    I-*  i-l,l)  . 
In    ,1.-1.    I    -i-l.l.  .  1   1  iii'.ii-l'I'/i-l.l;-.M!.",l,-l.''-i-hl.  .1       In- 
ln    ,1.-1,   .   -i-l.l    . 

in   il.-f.-.i '•.l-lilli-lv.  in".lt--l..r>l- 

hl>. 

■  .   Il-I.l  .   .  >  In* 

iir'iii'-fcr'ti-iiiri-i  i . 
in  , I, -mi  .i-i.l,  .  -1.1;   2   In'de-fta'a-bl,   a 

in   .1.  -tin'.i-i,l  .  .     r  described; 

in' '.I.  -tin  ..-hi  e-neasp,  n       ln"- 

tl  •  —  tl  1 1  a-bl)  . 

Iii-.l.f  i-nii  ,    .        I         •  definite  or  precise.    2.  Iml.-t.-r- 
.t.  have  no  definite  or 

..■lit.-. 

In-.|i  f  l-nlt   e-lj    .  In-.li  f  l-nll   • —  (■• —    . 

In-, II  i-i.l.  .  I  tt-del'i-bl,  .i     Thai 

lii-il.l  i-M   .  ineffaceable      (  <    1.    in-, 

lii-ilrl"l-biri-l),  n.     In- 
<i.  ri-iii  .-n.  --  ..    in-.i.ii-i.i>. 
In-. I.  I  i-<  at.-.  rive  to  propriety  or 

•     |..l   I.     IMMODEST. 

iii-.i.  I  i-i  i-i  > .         in-.i.  I 'i-<  it.-i> .  adv. 
lii-ili- in  'ni-f  > .  u-fai;  2  In-dem'ni-f?,  r(. 

I  .  !.    I 

■  immunity  from  punish- 

lll-d.in  'lll-ll-r.l    I  loll,  n.— 

i  ii- 1  -  iii  '  1 1 1  - 1  > .  I.  Thai  ■■  '■  on  !-  given  :is 

SOBBp.  nvitlo:.  f-..-  ..  !<«.     "J.  An  undrrtaklng  to  make  u'O'nl  to 
another  a  loss  or  to  protect  him  against  liability.     Syn.:  see 
-i  Di. 
In-. I.  .,■    .  Lf.    L  To  make 

.t.    .      jel  in  (a  LL 
II. 

In  "il.n-l.i  'tlnii.  n       1. 
! 

In-. I-  i.i.'l.  I 

pel      8.  //■ ' 

4. 

in-.l.-ii  'tlon,        i  '  lentlng 

lii-il.-ii  'ture.    I  h-im;  ] 

II         i 

•  nil  Indenting. 

In-.|.-nt  .  2  In-dent'.  n      1.   \  eul  or  notch  in  the 

• 
In  ,|. -p.  n '.I.  hi .  2  In'de-pfin'di  I 

I .  to  nor  dependent  for 

*ii{.    2. 
r  freedom  ol 
.1.1  1 

7.   Possessing  .ua  to  liv<-  without 

II.  -  own  will  or  judg- 

•--  intionali-t.. 

(2)  [f-  or  i-]  Poi  I  m  adherent  ol  any 

—  ln"de-pen'dVnt-l>,   ml'.  -  ln"de-pen'denre,   n      1. 


.  ,  i       •;.  Vnyl  hint  i  ha)  i 
S.  \n  alphabetic  Ii  i  ol  nml  toi   ,  ns  in 


...  n.li-n.'i-  UPOII  i. III.  I  ■  I  iil.x  ill 

•    \  comnotanc)      :i.   \  iplrll  of  self> 

lii    ill    I I.  n-i  .  . .    itv;  »  i  .1  I  ii 

H. .  i  ii  hi i  Independence,  tin  i 

i  ing    ii... 

i  iin  ii ,  foi iii    Indent  n 

imi,  p.  in i. -in .  da) 

iili  ,,(  .Inh 
i  i, ii  rll 

In     I. -i.  r    iiiIii-I-iii.    1     In'.li  I  iii'iniii  Irm.    :.'    InMi'i. 

i  hi  doctrine  thai   the  will,  iho  Influ 

.  i.i  ii. .mm  hi 
In  ii.\.  I  in'o  I  .         I .  I '..  pro>  Hi.-  "iili  or 

in   in  iudui     '.!;.  To  indicate;  murk  ,.>  manifest 
ll.         [in'dbx-bs  or  in'di-cks,  pi.]    I.   tnythinj 

point  i. hi.  ■  i ,  the 

hand  ol  n  dock,  a  i 

3.    \ll  :il|i 

i.     I  i    ■  ii  The 

Indei  l.iiirnriiin  Expurmndorum        I.  Expurgn- 

torlUB,     ,  ii  ..mi    «  hii  Ii    ri  i  ' 

be  eliminated  before  thoj  I)  Thi   I. 

I.ilir.iriiin    Priilnliil.iriini.  forbidden  to 

:,.  po       >      ti.  \  n 

ittention     7i.  \  pi  [i      |l.  | 

i      Indei  finger,   the   I  ■   called 

i  in  pointing      ln-il.-x  'I-,  al.  ...      I.  Pertaining 

tn  or  having  the  form  of  an  Index     '!■  Acting  as  an  Index; 

Indicative. 

in  .ii-.i.  :  \  part  of  the  British  empire, 

comprising  the  central  peninsula  <<<  southern  Asia,  south  of 

the  Himalayas,  and  the  western  part  of  the  ea  tern  \  latlo 

peninsula  [Burma]   1 1  ^"-- 1 iq    m  .   pop 

capital,  Delhi.     India  Ink,  a  deeplj  black  pigment.     ln'- 
.il-a-iiian,  n.    |-.\iK.\.  pi.]     \  loi  i   merchant  ahlp  In  ih.- 
indlan  trade     I.  paper,  a  thta,  tough,  and  opaque 
prlntlng«paper,  originally  from  the  Orient,  » i^«  ■»  i  for  Bibles, 
etc,     I.  proof,  an  early  and  choice  proof  taken  on  India 
paper  from  an  engraved  plate     ln"dl-a  ruii'iirr,  n 
and  very  elastic  substance  derived  from  the  sap  of  various 
tropical  plants;  caoutchouc    Bee  ri  bbeb. 
In'dl-un,  1  iii'ili-,.ii.  2  In'ili-aii      I.  a      1.  Pertaii 
India     '!■  I  in  native  rao 

the  vVesI  Imli.-s.  :i.  |l  s  |  Made  from  maise,  II.  n. 
1.  V  native  of  India  or  if  the  Wesl  [ndii  '.'.  ^member 
of  .  oe  ol  the  aboriginal  8,  1  he  lan- 

of  the  American  Indians    |  ^  I  I     /  ndiai  <  .      I 
[ndla.]     Indian  corn,  maise.    I.  lile,  single  (He 
the  usual  marching  style  of  the  American  Indian     I.  meal, 
meal    made    from    maize     ln'dl-an«plpe",    ».      A    i"«. 

ii.  waxy«white,  ^flowered  herb,  common  in  moist 

woods.     1.  red,  Indian ocher      I.  summer  [U.S.],  a  period 

ni  mild  weather  occurring  In  the  autumn. 

In  "ill-an 'a,  l  In'di-an'a  2  In  dl-an'a,  n      \  N   central  Btate 

.  pop.  2,820,164   of  the  United  siat.-s;  capital . 

I  ndlauapolla, 

ln".ll-an-ap'o-lls,  l  In'di  ll-an-ap'o  lis,  n. 

\  manufacturing  city;  capital  ol  Indiana;  pop  234,000. 
in  ,11-. in  o'cean.    An  ocean  bou  la,  Aus- 

tralia, and  the  40th  parallel  ol  S   latitude, 
tn  'ill-an  Ti-r 'rl-to-r> .     l  ormi  l  ly,  a  Territory  of  ih<    I 

States;  now  a  pari  of  the 
In 'die,  1  In'dik;  2  In'dlc,  i       Pen  to  India,  Its  races. 

languages,  and  culture;  Indian. 
In'dl-cate,  1  Ln'di-ket;  L'  fn'di-eat,  >i     I  i  iV'ed*1;  -cat*- 
l.Togjvi  if.  2,  To  point  out .  Bhow; 

represent,    3.    Med    To  show  or  augg,    I  I 

|  Kill,,,, 

point  out. |  S.vii.:  s.-i-  m.i  i  in  lii'.li-ranl.  I. a.  Indicating, 
ii  An  indicator  ln"dl-ca'tlon,  n.  A  manifestation; 
token,  syn.-  see  i  babacterihtic;  mabk;  bion  In-dlc'a- 
ti\  es.  L  a.  Giving  intimation.  Q.n.G  iw  Thi  Indicative 
mode,  which  asserts  or  questions  directly,  -ly,  adv. — 
in 'iii-ra"ior,  n.     That  which  Indicates,  as  an  Instrument 

or  index.      In  'ill-i-a-lo-ri . 
ill  '(li-<es,  1  in'ili--i/;  2  IiiMi-i..":,  n.     A  plural  of  imikx. 
In-ill 'il-a.   1   In-dlSh'l-B;  2  ln-dlsh'1-a,  n.  pi.     Oiscrlinlnutlng 

marks;  Indications;  badges;  tokens;  sjrmptoms. 
In-dirt '',  1  in-'liiit'. :.'  in  dlt',   I     To  prefer  an  imlictment 
lido,    <    in,   in,    +   dico,   say.) 

Syn.; 

in-dirt  'a-iiii-1',  ';     In-dlet-ee',  a.    om-  who  Is  In 

dieted.     In-dlet'er,  n.    One  who  indicts.    In-dir'tor;. 

in-iii.i 'iniiii,  n     The  .i.i  ol  Indicting;  a  formal  charge 

of  ci  grand  jury. 

In-ilir'tlon,  l  in-<iik'sii..n:  2  In-dlc'shon,  ».     l.  A  cycle  or  pr- 

riod  of  fifteen  years  adopted  by  the  popes  as  pan  of  tin-ir 

chron  ■  m.    'I.  The  number  of  one  of  these  '-yii-s. 

or  a  year  in  its  cycle.  [<  I  Indico,  point  out.] 

In 'dies,   I    in'diz;  2  In'dlS,  n.  id.     1.    i  In-   I  n    I    Indies;  henrr, 

allege  country   or   place  where  great  wealth 

exists,    at.  The  I5as1  or  the  West  Indies. 


For  words  In  tn-  nut  given  above  bee  DM,  prefix,  page  406. 


1:8  =  final;    1  =  hablt[    aisle;    au  =  o«t;    ell;     lu  =  feud;    Cllin;    go;    rj  =  sing;    fhin,    this.    Indecency 
411      2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   r(|le,   cure,   but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this,     induction 


in-dif'fer-ent,  1  in-dif'er-ent;  2  In-dif'er-ent.  I.  a.  1. 
Having  no  inclination  or  interest;  apathetic.  2.  Only 
passably  or  tolerably  good;  ordinary.  3.  Awakening  no 
concern  or  preference;  unimportant.  4.  Unprejudiced; 
impartial.  5.  Biol.  Undifferentiated;  not  specialized. 
II.  n.  1.  An  apathetic  person.  2.  An  object  of  indif- 
ference.   Hit.  adv.    Tolerably.    Syn.:  see  abstracted. 

— In-dif'fer-ence,  re.  1.  The  state  of  being  unconcerned 
or  Indifferent.  (1)  Lack  of  interest  or  feeling;  apathy.  (2) 
Freedom  from  prejudice  or  bias.  2.  The  quality  of  not 
arousing  interest  or  approval.  (1)  A  low  degree  of  excel- 
lence. (2)  Immateriality:  slight  importance,  in-dlf'fer-en- 
cyf.     Syn.:  see  apathy;  neglect. — in-dif'fer-ent-ly,  adv. 

in-dig'e-nous,  1  in-dij'i-nus;  2  in-dlg'e-nus,  a.  Originat- 
ing in;  native;  hence,  inherent.  [<  I,.1,1,  indu,  within, 
+  gigno,  beget.)  Syn.:  see  native;  primeval. — In-dlg'e- 
nous-ly,  adv. — In-dlg'e-nous-ness,  re. 

in'di-gent,  1  in'di-jent;  2  In'di-gent,  a.  Destitute  of 
property;  poor.  [  <  I.,  indu  {  <  in),  in,  +  egeo,  want.] — 
In'dl-gence,  re.    Poverty,    in'di-gen-cyt. 

in"di-ges'tion,  1  in"di-jes'cfhan;  2  in"di-ges'chon,  n.  De- 
fective digestion;  dyspepsia. — iu"di-gest't.  I.  a.  Un- 
digested; confused.  II.  re.  A  disordered  mass. — in"- 
dl-gest'ed,  a.  Not  digested,  in  any  sense  of  the  word. — 
ln"dl-gest'ed-ness,  re.— in"di-gest'l-bl(eP,  a.  Not  di- 
gestible, or  difficult  to  digest.  —  in"dl-gest"l-bll'i-ty,  re. 
In/'di-gest'l-bKe-nessPi.— in"dl-gest'i-bly,  adv.— in"- 
di-ges'tiv(es,  a. 

In-dign't,  a.    Unworthy.    In-dlgne't.— In-dlgn'lyt,  adv. 

in-dig'nant,  1  in-dig'nant;  2  In-dig'nant,  a.  1.  Having 
just  anger  and  scorn.  2.  Manifesting  or  provoked  by 
such  a  feeling.  [  <  L.  in-,  not,  +  dignus,  worthy.]  -ly, 
adv. — in"dig-na'tion,    re.     Just    resentment.      Syn.:    see 

ANGER. 

in-dig'ni-ty,  1  in-dig'm-ti;  1  In-dig'ni-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi.] 
An  act  tending  to  degrade  or  mortify;  an  insult;  affront. 
[<  L.  in-,  not,  +  dignus,  worthy.]  Syn.:  see  offense; 
outrage. 

in'di-go,  1  in'di-go;  2  In'di-go,  n.  1.  A  blue  coloring' 
substance  originally  obtained  from  the  indigo*plant; 
now  artificially  prepared  as  a  coal=tar  product.  2.  A 
deep  violet»blue.  [Sp.] — ln'di-go=plant",  n.  Any  of 
several  plants,  mainly  tropical,  yielding  indigo. 

in"di-rect',  1  in"di-rekt';  2  in"di-rfet',  a.  1.  Deviating 
from  a  direct  line.  2.  Not  direct;  inferential;  equivocal. 
-ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. — in"di-rec'tlon,  re. 

in"dis-creet',  1  in"dis-krlt';  2  in"dis-eret',  a.  Lacking 
discretion;  imprudent.  Syn.:  see  imprudent. — ln"dis- 
creet'Iy,  adv. — ln"dis-cre'tton,  re.  The  state  of  being  in- 
discreet; an  indiscreet  act. 

In"dis-crete',  a.    Not  discrete  or  separated. 

in"dis-crim'i-nate,  1  in"dis-krim'i-mt;  2  in"dis-cnm'i- 
nat,  a.  1.  Showing  no  discrimination.  2.  Mingled  in 
confusion.  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  re. — in"dis-crim'i-nat"- 
Ing,  a.— ln"dis-crim"i-na'tlon,  re. 

In"dis-pen'sa-ble, )  1  in"dis-pen's8-bl ;  2  in"dTs-pcn'sa- 

in"dis-pen'sa-blp, )  bl,  a.  Not  to  be  dispensed  with; 
necessary  or  requisite  for  a  purpose.  Syn.:  see  inherent; 
necessary. — In"dis-pen"sa-bil'l-ty,n. — ln"dis-pen'sa- 
ble-ness,  re. — iu"dis-pen'sa-bly,  adv. 

in"dis-pose',  1  in"dis-poz';  2  Jn"als-po§',  vt.  To  disincline; 
render  unfit;  make  ill.  —  in"dis-posed',  pa.  t.  Ill;  un- 
well. 2.  Disinclined.  Syn.:  see  reluctant.—  In/'dls-posed'- 
ness,  n. — ln-dis"po-si'tion,  n.  I.  Slight  illness.  'I.  The 
state  of  being  mentally  disinclined.  Syn.:  see  disease;  ill- 
ness. 

In-dis'pu-ta-ble, )  1  in-dis'piu-ta-bl;  2  In-dfa'pu-ta-bl,  ». 

in-dis'pu-ta-bl1',  f  Incapable  of  being  disputed;  unques- 
tionable. Syn.:  see  incontestable;  sure.  In-dls"pu-ta- 
bll'i-ty,  n.— ln-dls'pu-ta-bltc-nessc,  n.-  In-dls'pu-ta- 
bly,  adv. 

in-dis'so-lu-blc, )  1  in-dis'o-liu-bl;  2  In-dfe'o-lu-bl,  n.    1. 

In-dis'so-lu-bl1',  (That  can  not  be  dissolved,  liquefied, 
or  melted.  2.  Perpetually  binding  ln"dls-solv'a- 
bKefJ.  Syn.:  see  IMMORTAL.  ln-dls"so-lii-l>ll'i-ty,  n. 
In-dls'so-lu-bHc-ncssi't.    In-dls'so-Iu-bl) ,  adi 

In-dite',  lin-dnit';2  m  dxt'.vt  &yi.  [in-dit/ed(1;in-dit'- 
ing.]  To  put  into  words  or  writing ;f rami  anexpre  ion 
or  composition.  [<  L.OF  indicia,  sec  indict]  -menl, 
n.— In-dlt'er,  n. 

In'dl-um,  1  ln'di-um;  2  In'dl-um,  re.  A  soft  malleable  silver* 
white  metallic  element.    See  ELEME  N  I 

in"di-vid'u-al,  1  in"di-vij'u-[or  -vid'yu-Jal;  2  Tn"di-vTj'u- 
[ot  -vld'yu-]al.  I.  a.  1.  Existing  .'is  an  entity 
2.  Pertaining  t"  our  person  or  thing.  8f-  Indj 
II.  it.  A  single  person,  animal,  or  thing,  [<  I  indi- 
vtiuus.  Indivisible.]  Syn.:  see  particular.  ln"dl-\ld'u- 
al-lsm,  «.  1.  The  quality  "f  being  Individual  or  separate. 
2.  A  tendency,  as  In  religion,  ethics,  etc  .  h,  favor  the  liberty 
of  the  Individual  as  to  his  own  conduct  ln"dl-ild'n-al- 
lst,  n.    1.  An  egoist.    2.  An  adherent  of  Individualism 

For  words  in  in-  not  given  above  sec  in 


ln"dl-vld"u-al-ls'tlc,  a.— In"dl-vld"u-al'l-ty,  re.    1.  The 

state  of  being  Individual.  2.  Personality— in"dl-vld'u-al- 
ize,  rt.  [-ized;  -iz'ing.]  1.  To  distinguish;  characterize. 
2.  To  select  as  an  individual;  particularize.  —  in"dl-\  id  'u- 
al-ly,  adv. 

ln"di-vid'u-ate,  1  in"di-vij'u-[or  -vid'yu-let;  2  In'di-vlj'u- 
[ot  -vid'yu-lat,  vl.  [-at'ed'I;  -at"i.ng.)  1.  To  distinguish 
from  others;  individualize.  2.  To  bring  into  existence  ;is  an 
individual. — in"di-vid"u-a'tion,  re.  1.  The  giving  of 
prominence  to  individuals  as  such.  2.  The  production  of 
individuals. 

In"do=Chl'na,  1  iirdo^cliai'na: 2  in"do=chI'na.  re.  An  easterly 
peninsula  of  S.  Asia  (850,000  sq.  m.;  pop.  44.000.000),  of 
which  a  portion  (256,000  sq.  m.;  pop.  16.990,000)  forms 
French  Indo  <  liina. 

in-doc'tri-nate,  1  ua-dek'tn-nSt;  2  In-dSe'tri-nat,  rt. 
[-N.\T"EDd;  -nat"ing.]  To  instruct  in  doctrines  or  prin- 
ciples.    Syn.:  see  teach.     lii-doe"trI-na'tlon,  n. 

Indo=Eur.,  ebbr.     Indo-European. 

In"dosEu"ro-pe'an,  1  tn"do»yu"ro-pi'an;  2  In"do»yu"ro-pS'- 
an,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  family  of  languages  extending 
from  India  over  Europe.    In"do=<;er-nian  'ioj. 

In'do-lence,  1  in'do-lens;  2  In'do-lSnc,  »■  Habitual  idle- 
ness; laziness.  [<  I.,  indolentia,  freedom  from  pain] 
in'do-len-cyj. — in 'do-lent,  a,  1.  Averse  to  exertion; 
habitually  inactive  or  idle.  2.  Med.  Without  pain; 
sluggish;  as,  an  indolent  ulcer.  Syn.:  see  idle. — ln'do- 
lent-Iy,  adv. 

in-dom 'i-ta-ble, )  1  in-dem'i-ta-bl ;  2  Tn-dom'i-ta-bl,  a. 

in-dom'i-ta-blp,  J  Not  to  be  subdued.  |  <  L.  ire-,  not, 
4-  domito,  tame.]  Syn.:  see  indefatigable;  obstinate. — 
ln-dom'1-ta-bly,  adv. 

in'door",  1  in'dor";  2  In'dor",  a.  Being  or  done  within 
doors. — in"doors',  adv.    Into  or  within  a  building. 

In-dore',  1  in-dor';  2  In-dor',  re.  1.  A  native  stair  m  cen- 
tral India;  9,500  sq.  m.;  pop.  979,360.  2.  Its  capital; 
pop.  87,000. 

in-dorse',  1  in-ders';  2  In-dors',  vt.  [in-dorsed'*;  in- 
dors'ing.]  1.  To  write  upon  the  back  of;  especially,  to 
write  one's  name  on  the  back  of  (a  cluck,  draft,  etc  I  to 
assign  it  or  guarantee  its  payment.  2.  To  give  sanction 
to.     [<  L.LL  in,  on,  +  dorsum,  back]     en-dorse '}. 

Syn.:  see  acknowledge;  affirm;  confess;  ratify:  jus- 
tify. 

— In-dors'a-bI(ep,  a.—  ln"dor-see',  re.  One  to  whom 
transference  by  indorsement  is  made.  —  In-dorso'ment.  re. 
1.  The  writing  of  one's  name  on  the  back  of  a  note,  cluck, 
etc.  2.  The  act  of  ratification;  approval,  en-dorse 'nicntl. 
— lu-dors'er  or -or,  re.    one  who  indorses. 

In-dow',  in-dow'nieiit.    See  inhuu,  it. 

In'dra,  1  in'dra;  2  In'dra,  re.  In  early  Hindu  mythology,  the 
god  of  the  firmament  and  of  rain. 

in'draft",        11   in'druft";  2  In'draft",   re.     Thr  aoi    .>f 

ill'draUgllt",  (drawing  in  or  that   which  is  drawn  in.  an 

inward  flow. — in'drawn",  a.  Drawn  in;  uttered  with 
suppre.ssrd  breath;  hence,  abstracted;  preoccupii  <l 

Ind.  T.,  abbr.    Indian  Territory  (official) 

in-du'bi-la-ble, )  1  in-diu'bi-te-bl;  2  m-da'bi-ta-bl,  a. 

ill-du'bi-ta-hr',  I  Not  open  to  doubt  or   question;    un- 
questionable;  certain. 
Syn.:  see  apparent:  evident;  im  onti  si  mu.i  .  \i  iwn  I  M 
In-du'lii-ta-lilic-iiessi,  n.     In-du'bl-(a-lil> . 

In-duce',  1  in-dius';  2  In-dric',  vt.  [ra-pi  i  i  d'*;  ra  i"  i  ' 
inq.]  1.  To  influence  t..  an  acl .  pri  \  ail  "ii  2.  To  lead 
to  or  produce     -i-  Physii      Tojroduce  by  eleotrio  or 

magnetic  induction.    4.  / i      ro  reach  i iclusion 

by  an  inductive  process  of  reasoning.    I-     I     in,  in,    ■ 

•turn,   lead.]      S.VI1.:  see   ACT1   mi.    DBAX  .    im  1.1  i  S'  i  .    PI  ■- 

SHADE. 

— In-duce'ment,  n.    I.  An  Incentive;  motive     '-'•  The 

an  of  Inducing.      Syn.:  see  SIOI  n  >        ln-iluc'l-ld  i 

ln-duc'tlon,  re.    1.  The  process  of  inferri  J  opn- 

elusions  from  particular  oases,  2.  Any  conclusion 
r.  ached  by  inductive  reasoning;  loosely,  anj  general 
Ian      :t.   Math.  A  prooess  ol  p  '"  '"' 

m  n,  rally  true     i-   I  be  formal  in  I  illation  ol    ■ 
i,,t,,  a,,  , id, r,    ,,r  ohuroh  living      •">•    Vu  introdui  tion; 
preamble.    <!•  The  production  ol   electrification  in  :> 
body  by  the  mere  proximity  ol  ma 

Si  ,i  bodii  i,  "i-  ol  an  electric  cui  rent  in   Ii 

the  variation  ol  thi   magm  tic  fii  d  In  il     vicinits      7. 

Vdmi    ion,  a    oi  ">  i  fluid,  into  the  working  •  ylindcr 

,,r  an  engine.     [F.,  •    L.  Induction  i,  In.  t".  I  dueo,  load  i 

Svn  ■  deduction,  Inference.     Deduction  Ik  ren  iih  '""" 

the  general  to  the  partlculat 

the  particular  to  tl  Deduction  proceeds  rrom  a 

general  principle  through  an  admitted  In  I  inc;  lo  ;  ■,,,„•  m 

sion      Induction  proceeds  from  a  num '  oollatoo  in- 

:es  through  some  attribute  common  to 
general  principle,    in  deduction,  if  the  general  mi.'  is 
ami  the  special  case  tails  under  the  rule, 


iimlon  In 


Indue  i  hit,  police:  •  "       "       I  <".  b*n»l 

llllliT.    -  «   .  •  I  1  •   f  .  .  .  ,  ill  I  ||* 

r  thi 

■ 

«*J  llltll 

-   11  in; 
In 'dwell"- 


in  'dwell "or, 


ln-.li 

in -.in 


■TCI 


1 

Ltll    lll.llll- 


1 1 1  ilci-r  ii. 


In-Ill-  m-.il. 


.   ■  .-     j 

pUet  to  an  a   ' 
shabi- 

Hon.    I 
trUnu  Just  d<> 

□  we  Ski; 
slao  s  dispos:' 

■ 
or*  Is  a    .'..'..•  -..'    rat! 


- 
DiXiw 
Its  wo- . 

-:.''.  i,r.:.r.;;.i: 


I. 

Ill-fllll    Kill-l)  t. 

nt-ly,  I  ii  -I  ii  l-ic.  n  (i.il,   a 

lll-illlk  Yr. 

\  1*1  K1; 

in  '<lii-r.i(i-. 
in   <lu-r.i'il"ii.  In'ilu- 

■:      A  river  In  W  -   i 

2  ln-du'shl-um,  n.     [-- 

- 
'.'.   ["he  larval 

I.   i.     Di- 
ll. 

J  In-dus'trl-Os.  a.     1. 

.  ork,  business,  or  pur- 


sy, dflJgei 

or  hablt- 

■ 

■ 

.11  atten- 
•   Is  indus- 

Lndlcates 
habitual,  and 

i-  of  the 
.■•  tk  of  ploddli 

In-ilus  'irl-on— 1> ,  </<fr. 
try,   n.      [-th: 
■ 

branch  of  pro- 
■  mployod  in  it. 
•  nt.] 
•  Mori,  constancy,  diii- 
pali 

■  he  qual- 
■  ■ 

f-nce  has 
■    p!    Ii  ■' 
!  Induce  him  to 

cupation 




In-,    i I.  m"i  i.i. 

ike  ilrimk ;  inl  II,         I  nebri 

III.  V  habit  ual  drunkard 

In-.     I. rl-. nil.      I.  I  nt..    I  - 

II  \  that  Intoxli  in-r"iiri-.i  - 

II. .ii.     In    .  -hrl   .  -I) ,     1      In'l  b  •    t\ .     n. 

bltual    Intoxication.     ln-e'bri-ous|,    a. 

in-.-.rii-i  .1.        i.  noi  published     '.'.  Noi  edited 

lll-.-l    l.l-hlr.   I    .  I  .in   QOt 

in-.  I   l.i-lil    ,  I  ..r  must    i  eh;   too 

.  •    in-, 

- in-,  i  i.i-iiin-t) , 

in-,  i  Ta-bl) . 
In-el'l-gi-ble,  |  1  in-el'i-ji-bl-2  in-.Ti-.-;  l.l. ...    \,.i  .  lu-i- 
in-i  li-ej-M  ,  t  bli  ;di  qualified;  un  uitabli  ;  inexpedient. 

i  n-*l  "i-iii-Li  I  i-i  | .  in-fl'l-k'l-lil) , 

lii-i'pi',  l  Ln-ept';  E  in-.'pt'.  a      I  aapt;  unsuitable;  nl>- 
sur.l     |  <  I  '"  ,  t,i  |     1  ■  i -«- 1> '— 

tl-tude.  •       In-epl  i% ,  in-,  pi  n. 

I  ii  "i-«i  n.il  'l-t  > .    l    inVkwel'i-ti;     l     (n'e-kwal'i-ty,    n 
[-in-  I.    I'lir  condition  >.t  being  unequ  I 

■  if  proportion;  variabli  qi         S.  ]      dequacj      I. 

temenl   thai   two  quantities  are  noi  equal, 
by  placing  the  sign   <  or     ■  between  them,  the 
being  toward  the  symbol  of  smaller  quantity. 
Syn 
In-cr 'rani,  l  in-er'ent;  2  (n-eVant,  a      Exempl 
error;  unerring. —  in-*>r 'r:tn-c> ,  ;.     The  state  of  being 
applied  to  Scripture,  plenarj  inspiration. 
Iii-»t('.  1  in-UTt';  2  in-rrt',  u.     1.  1 1  u  berent 

power  to  move;  possessing  inertia;  inactit        '.'. 

k'lsh  I  I-i*.  art.)     Si 

III. AW.   lULE;  LIFEI.l  ^LUVV. 

in-cr'ila,  n.   1.  Tin-  state  of  being  Inert,  'i.  Thai  prop- 
o(  matter  by  virtue  ol  which  it  persists  In lte 
r  of  uniform  motion  unli  changes  thai 

lii-rr'don;,   n.      abaenoe  of  activity;  Inertia. 
In-iTl'ly,  adv.  —  In-crl  'n. 
in  es'se,  l  In  i  In  being;  actually  existing.    |i..l 

iii-rs'd-niu-blc,  I  a.     Above  price;  very  valuable. — In— 
In-es'tt-ma-bP,  |  es'tf-ma-bly, 

in-iv  'i-la-blc,  |  n.     1.  That  ran  noi  be  prevented;  un- 

|rj-ei  'i-la-hl',  (avoidable.    2.  Customary; usual.    |  <  L. 

in-,  not.    -    i.  out,  +   i  ii".  shun]     Syn.:  see  necessary. — 

In-ei  T-ta-bUe-neas',  lii-t-v"i-ia-bll'l-ty,  «.— ln-ev'l-ta- 

bl). 

In-ex'o-n-ble, )  1  Ln-eks'o-re-bl;  2  In-Sks'o-ra-bl,  a.    Not 

in-i-\ 'o-ra-bl1',  1  to  be  mi  unyielding. 

L.  In-,  not,  -  'j.  out.  +  un).  pray.]    Syn j  see  qiplaca- 

Btl;     r.i  i.i.Miu.E.  —  ln-ex"o-ra-bll'l-ly,    n.  — lu-ex'o-ra- 

hl> ,  adv. 
ln"ex-png'na-bl  e*i  l  tn'eks-pug'Ior  -pHHns-bl;  2  I 

■  -pQIna-bl,  a.    Such  as  can  noi  in-  successfully  as- 

me;  Impregnable;  unconquerable.  I 

i   .   •     In-,  not.    |    ii,  out.    i    pliffna,  tltiht.) 

iu-i-\  'lri-<-a-blr,  i  l  in-ekVtn-ke-bl;  2  In-eWtri-ea-bl,  n. 
in-r\  'trl-ca-bl1',  \  So  involved  thai  extrication  ic  impos- 
!  .  i..\  i  aic  vi  i.  j    -iicss,  n 

— lD-ex'trt-ea-blj . 

■  the  end).     Inf.,  after.    Infantry. 

1  it r. .  Itillii.,  nbbr.     Inflfl 

ln-fal'li-lil<M  1  iii-fal'i-M;  2  In-fal'i-bl,  a.     1.  Exempt 

in-fal '11-bl1',  (from  fallacy  or  error  o1  judgment,    'i.  Ex- 

talnty  or  liability  to  error.      S.vn.:  see 

pxsnor;     SURE.— In-faril-bl«-ncss,    n      lii-fal"li-bH'l- 

t>,  n  ■  Of  being  Infallible.       (Ii    Incapability  of 

error.     (2)  '  "ertainly  of  operation.      Syn.:  sec  certainty.— 

In-faril-bly,  m!i. 

In  f  i-ml/.;.  1   in'fo-malz:  2  In'fa-mlz.  rt.     To  render  infa- 

defame     In-fame't;  in-f.im'o-nizet. 

in'f  i-iniiiis,  i  in'fe-mus;  :.'  [n'fa-mfis,  a.     1.  Having  an 

irious.    'i.  Involving  infamy.    [< 

r»t»,  <  in-,  not.  +  fama,  fame] 

Syn.:  atrocious,  base,  di  jrraceful,  dlshonora- 

reputable,  heinous,  Ignominious,  Ul^amed,  nefarious, 

.  scandalous,  shameful,  shameless,  vile, 

Vlllali  BASE. 

-In'fa-mous-ly,    adv.  —  In'fa-mous-ness,    n.--ln'fa- 

my,  n.     [4UKflS,  pl.\     1.  Total  lack  of  honor  or  reputation. 

t.  i  ual  which  Is  odious. 

In'fanl,  1  in'  n.1     La.    1.  Infantile.    8. Being 

in  the-  earl-.  owth      .'I.   Law.    Minor.     U.  n. 


K«»r   Pf«rdl  In  i'-  not  given  above  see  in-2,  pre/tx,  page  400. 


1: d  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    atl  =  out;    eil;     lu  =  feud;    cllin;    go;    U  =  aing;    thin,    this.  iudue 

413  3:  wolf,  dfi;  book,   boot;  fall,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. inflorescence 


1.  A  babe.  2.  Law.  A  minor.  [<  L.  infan't-)s,  <  in-, 
not,  +  fan(t-)s,  ppr.  of  for,  speak.] — in'fan-cy,  re.  1.  The 
state  of  being  an  infant.  2.  Law.  The  period  of  minority. 
3.  The  earliest  period  in  the  history  of  a  thing. — in-fan'ti- 
clde,  re.  1.  Child=murder.  2.  One  who  commits  sueh  crime. 
— In 'fan-til  (es,  a.  Pertaining  to  infants.  ln'fan-tin(es:t. 
Syn.:  see  childish. 

In-fan'ta,  1  in-fan'ta  or  (Sp.)  In-f5n'ta;  2  In-fan'ta  or  (Sp.) 
In-fiin'ta,  re.  A  princess  of  the  blood  royal  in  Spain  and, 
formerly,  Portugal.    [Sp.,  infant.] 

ln-fan'tc,  re.  A  prince  of  the  blood  royal  in  Spain  and, 
formerly,  Portugal.    [Sp.,  infant.] 

in'fan-try,  1  in'fan-tn;  2  in'fan-try,  re.  Foot=soldiery 
equipped  with  small  arms.  [  <  F.  infanterie,  <  It.  in- 
fanteria,  <  infante,  page.] — in 'fan- try-man,  re.  A  foot- 
soldier. 

In-fat 'u-ate,  1  in-facVu-[or  -fat'yu-]et;  2  in-fach'u-[or 
-fat'yu-]at,  vt.  [-AT"EDd;  -at"ing.]  To  inspire  with 
ardent  passion  so  as  to  deprive  of  ordinary  judgment. 
[  <  L.  in,  in,  +  fatuus,  silly.] — in-fat 'u-at"ed,  a. — in- 
faf'u-a'tion,  re. 

In-fect'd,  1  in-fekt';  2  In-fSct',  vt.  1.  To  affect  or  imbue, 
especially  with  a  noxious  quality;  corrupt.  2.  To  con- 
taminate. [<  L.  infectus,  <  in,  in,  -f-  facio,  make.] 
Syn.:  see  defile;  pollute. 

— in-fect'er,  n. — in-fec'tlon,  re.  1.  Communication  of 
disease,  as  by  contact.  2.  Law.  Taint  of  illegality.  3.  That 
which  infects,  as  miasma.  Syn.:  see  contagion. — iu-fec'- 
tious,  a.  1.  That  may  be  communicated  by  infection.  2. 
Able  to  communicate  infection.  3.  Law.  Tainting  with  il- 
legality,   -ly,  adv.    -ness,  ».— infec'tiv(ea,  a. 

in"fe-lic'i-ty,  1  in"fi-lis'i-ti;  2  in"fe-lic'i-ty,  n.  1.  The 
state  of  being  infelicitous;  unhappiness  2.  That  which 
is  infelicitous. — in"fe-liC'i-tous,  a.  Not  felicitous  or 
happy,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

In-fer',  1  in-fur';  2  In-fey,  v.    [in-ferred';  in-fer'ring.] 

1.  (.  1.  To  deduce  or  accept  on  the  basis  of  evidence; 
conclude.  2.  To  furnish  evidence  of.  II.  i.  To  draw 
inferences.  [<L.in,in,  -f-  fero,  bear.] — in-fer'a-bl(cp, 
In-fer 'ri-bl(ep,  a. 

in'fer-encc,  re.  1.  The  act  of  inferring.  2.  That  which 
is  inferred;  a  deduction.    3.  Loosely,  a  conjecture. 

Syn.:  conclusion,  consequence,  deduction,  demonstration, 
induction.  A  conclusion  is  the  absolute  and  necessary  re- 
sult of  the  admission  of  certain  premises;  an  inference  is  a 
probable  conclusion,  toward  which  known  facts,  statements, 
or  admissions  point,  but  which  they  do  not  absolutely  estab- 
lish; sound  premises  together  with  their  necessary  conclusion 
constitute  a  demonstration.  See  demonstration;  hypothe- 
sis; INDUCTION. 

— ln"fer-cn'tial,  a.    Deducible  by  inference,    -ly,  adv. 

lu-fe'ri-or,  1  in-fi'n-sr;  2  In-fe'ri-or.  I.  a.  1.  Lower  in 
quality  or  rank.  2.  Situated  or  placed  lower.  II.  re. 
One  who  is  classed  lower  than  others;  a  subordinate. 
[L.,  compar.  of  inferus,  low.]    Syn.:  see  bad. 

— in-fe"ri-or'i-ty,  n.  The  state  of  being  inferior;  low 
condition. 

In-fer'nal,  1  in-fur'nsl;  2  fn-fer'nal,  a.  1.  Belonging  to 
hell;  diabolical.  2.  Pertaining  to  Tartarus.  [F.,  <  L. 
infernus,  underground.]  Syn.:  demoniac,  demoniacal,  dev- 
ilish, diabolic,  diabolical,  fiendish,  hellish,  satanlc. 

— Infernal  machine,  any  device  for  doing  unusual  dam- 
age by  explosion. — ln-fer'nal-ly,  adv.  [gions;  hell. 

In-fer'no,  1  in-fur'no;  2  In-fer'no,  re.     [It.]    The  infernal  re- 

fn-fest'd,  1  in-fest';  2  In-fest',  vt.  To  be  present  in  so 
numerously  as  to  annoy  or  endanger.     [<  L.r  infesto, 

<  in,  in,  +  fendo,  strike.] — ln"fes-ta'tlon,  re. 
in'fi-del,  1  in'fi-del;  2  In'fi-del.    I.  a.    1.  Lacking  the  true 

faith;  especially,  rejecting  the  Christian  religion.  2. 
Faithless;  recreant.  II.  n.  1.  One  who  denies  the  exis- 
tence of  God;  a  disbeliever  in  the  Bible.  2.  An  unbe- 
liever, as  viewed  from  the  standpoint  of  a  believer  in  any 
particular  religion.     [<  L.  in-,  not,  +  fidelis,  faithful, 

<  fides,  faith.]  Syn.:  see  skeptic.-  ln"H-del'l-ty,  re. 
[-tiesz.  pi.]  1.  The  state  of  being  an  Infidel,  2.  Lack  of 
fidelity;  specif.,  violation  of  the  marriage  vow  by  adultery. 

In'fleld",  1  in'frld";  2  ui'feld",  v.  it"  eball.  The  ipaoe  en- 
closed by  tin'  base'lines;  the  diamond,  in'lield"er,  n. 
A  player  in  the  infield. 

ln-fll'tcr,  vt.  &  vi.    To  enter  by  filtration. 

in-Iil'tratc,  1  in-fil'trSt; 2 hvfu'trat,  <•'.  &ri.  f-Tn.yi"i dd  '; 
-trat"ing.]  To  cause  (a  liquid  or  gas)  to  pass  into  <>r 
through  interstices;  also,  to  percolate.  iii"HI-tra'- 
tlon,  re. 

in'H-nite, )  1  in'fi-nit;  2  ln'fi-nit.    I.  a.    1.  So  great  as  to 

in'fi-nitH,  J  be  immeasurable  and  unbounded;  limitlei 

2.  All«embracing;  perfect.  IS.  Very  numerous.  1-  Math, 
Designating  a  quantity  conceived  as  always  increfl  ins. 
so  as  to  exceed  any  other  assignable  quantity  in  <  alue. 
5.  Mus.   Composed  without  finale.     II.  n.    That  which 


is  infinite;  [I-]  the  Deity;  the  Absolute.   [<  L.  infinitus, 
<  in-,  not,  +  finis,  limit.] 

Syn.:  absolute,  boundless,  countless,  eternal,  illimitable, 
immeasureable,  innumerable,  interminable,  limitless,  mea- 
sureless, numberless,  unbounded,  unconditioned,  unfathom- 
able, unlimited,  unmeasured.     Infinite  (I.,  in.  not.  and  /litis, 
limit)  signifies  without  bounds  or  limits  in  any  way,  and  may 
be  applied  to  space,  time,  quantity,  or  number.    Countless, 
innumerable,  and  numberless,  which  should  be  the  same  as 
infinite,  are  in  common  usage  vaguely  employed  to  denote 
what  it  is  difficult  or  practically  Impossible  to  count  or 
number,  tho  perhaps  falling  far  short  of  infinite;  as,  0 
leaves,  the  countless  sands  on  the  seashore,  number!, 
ties,   innumerable  delays.      So,   too,   boundless,    illimitable, 
limitless,  7neasurelcss,  and  unlimited  are  loosely  used  in  refer- 
ence to  what  has  no  apparent  or  readily  determinable  limits 
in  space  or  time;  as,  we  speak  of  the  boundless  ocean, 
nile  space  is  without  bounds,  not  only  in  fact,  but  in  thought; 
infinite  time  is  truly  eternal.    Compare  STERN  u.;  n 
— Ant.:  bounded,  brief,  circumscribed,  evanescent,  finite. 
limited,   little,   measurable,   moderate,   narrow,   restricted, 
shallow,  short,  small,  transient,  transitory. 

— in'fi-nite-ly,  adv. — ln'fi-nite-ness,  n. — In-fln"l-tes'- 
1-mal.  I.  a.  Infinitely  small;  denoting  a  quantity  con- 
ceived as  continually  diminishing.  II.  re.  An  Infinitesimal 
quantity,  -ly,  adv.— in-fin'i-tlv-al  or  ln-tin"i-tr\al.  a 
Gram.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  infinitive.— Iu-fin'l-tl\  us. 
I.  a.  Without  limitation  of  person  or  number.  II.  re.  Gram. 
The  form  of  the  verb  that  expresses,  without  regard  to  pi  r- 
son  or  number,  the  action  or  condition  asserted  by  the  verb; 
as.  to  love,  infinitive  model.— In-tin '1-tude,  re.  1.  The 
quality  of  being  infinite.  2.  An  infinite  quant  It  v.  —  in-tin '- 
i-ty,  re.  [-tiesz,  pi.]  1.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  Infinite; 
boundlessness;  perfection.  2.  Something,  as  space,  regarded 
as  boundless.  3.  The  portion  of  space  that  lies  at  an  Infinite 
distance.  4.  Alg.  An  infinite  number  or  quantity.  •">- 
Geom.  The  point  or  series  of  points  in  spate  thai  by  suppo- 
sition lie  at  an  Infinite  distance  from  the  definite  point  in 
question. 

in-firm',  1  in-furm';  2  in-firm',  a.  1.  Feeble  or  relaxed, 
as  from  age.  2.  Lacking  soundness,  stability,  or  firm- 
ness. [<  L.of  in-f  not,  +  flrmus,  strong.]  Syn!:  see  frag- 
ile; sickly. 

— In-fir'ma-ry,  re.  [-riesz,  pi.]  A  small  hospital.  — 
In-fir'mi-ty,  re.  [-tiesz,  pi.]  1.  A  physical,  menial,  or 
moral  weakness  or  flaw.  2.  Infirm  condition.  Syn.:  see 
disease;  foible;  illness.  —  in-firm 'ly,  adv.  —  ln-linn- 
ness,  re. 

in-fix",  1  in-fiks';  2  in-flks',  vt.  To  fix  in,  as  by  piercing; 
implant  firmly.  [  <  L.  ire,  in,  +  figo,  fix.]  —  in-fi.\'lon,  n. 

in-flaine',    1   in-flom';   2   In-flam',   v.      [in-flami;i>';    in- 
flam'ing.]    1. 1.    1.  To  stimulate  or  rouse  to  unnatural 
activity.    2.  To  cause  inflammation  in.     3.  To  cause  to 
burst  into  flame.    4§.  To  make  larger;  augment.    11.  i. 
To  break  into  flame;  become  affected  with  inflai 
tlon.   [<  L.F in,  in,  +  fiamma.  Same.]    Syn.:  see  is 
— In-flam'er,  n. — in-flam'ma-blie1',  n.  Readily  Inflamed 
in  any  sense;  easily  set.  on  fire  or  excited.    Syn.:  see  u 
— In-flam"ma-bll'i-ty,   re.     In-llain 'ma-bl  c-ncss' : . 
in-flam 'ma-bly,  adv. — in"flnm-mu'titm,  n.     I.    \  mor 
bid  process  in  some  part  of  the  body  characterized  bj  heat, 

redness,  swelling,  and   pain.     2.  The  ael   of  Inflaming.      In- 
flam  'ma-to-ry,  a.     1.  Tending  to  produce  heat  or  excite- 
ment.   2.  Pertaining  to  Inflammation. 
in-flate',  1  in-flSt';  2  In-flat',  vt.  &  n,    (in-m  •  i'i 
M.vr'iNd.]    To  cause  to  expand  by  filling,  as  wit] 
puff  up;  elate;  expand.    |  <  L.  inflatus,  <  in,  in, 

blow.]     Syn.:  see  im:fk;  swell.      Iii-tlat  'eel,  pa.      1. 

Zool.  Hollowed  or  putted  out.  3.  Bombastic  ln-il.iie':. 
— In-flat'er,  in-llu'tor,  ».— lii-tla'Mon.  n.  1.  The  ael  ol 
Inflating;  figuratively,  bombast .  2.  <  Overissue,  as  ot  ourroncy. 
in-fleet ''>,  1  iii-fleUt';2in  tleei'. ,,'  &  ,  l.Totakegram- 
matical  inflection;  deoline  or  conjugate  '.'.  To 
[<  Li.  in.  In,  I  flecto,  bend.]  In-flec'tlon,  In-flex'lon.  n, 
1.  The  state  of  being  inflected  8.  G  rheol  under- 
gone by  words  to  express  case,  i li      pel  on,  tense,  oto. 

3.  .Modulation  of  the  voice.      In-llcc'llon-al.  Ill-Mix   lon- 
al,  a.— In-llec'llvie*.  0. 

In-flex'l-ble,  I  1  in-fleks'i-bl;  2  ra-flSks'i-bl,  a     Nol  to  be 
in-flex'i-bl1', )  bent,  altered,  or  turned  from  a  purpose; 
rigid ;  firm ;  Bl  ubborn. 

Syn.:  immovable,  inexorable,  obstinate,  DOI  i-tent.  perti- 
nacious, le  olute,  1 1  I  tubborn,  unbt 
unrelenting,   unyielding      See   i  ^"' :  ductile, 
,  la  iic.   flexible,    Indulgent,   lltho,    pliable,    pliant, 
yielding.     Iii-flet'l-l)l(e-ness',    ,,.     In-llc\"l-l>ll'l-l)  I . 
in-llcx'l-lil> . 

in-fllrt'1,  1  In-flikt';  2  fa-fllet',  i ther  to 

suffer;  fay  on;  impo  e     I      I 

In,  on,  i  flieo,  strike.]    In-fllc'tlon,  n.    Apunlshmei 

position. 

In^flo-res'cence,  l  in'flo-res'ens;  S  fn'flo  risen?,  n  1. 
Hut.     ii\    tem,  the  buds  of  whioh  are  all  flower-buds; » 


For  words  Id  in-  not  given  above  see  in-j,  prefix,  pago  400. 


.  i  I  i  .  ■•        ol.er;   full,  rft!.-;    b0t,  l.ftnr. 

In  1 1 1 . 1 1 .  I,  i  •  ii        i  i  ■  <■   ,  1 1 4 


in  n 
in  n 


' 


in  iiu-.  ii 


In    flu-. 


In   Mm 


lli-f..ll     . 
il)-fnrill  '. 

Bj  D    ■  q 
cat< 


differ  lo  Hi.  I 

.  •  ify  t.i  [irudui  • 

I . 

ther.    3. 
4. 

■  . 
F.,  <1 

■         • 

l  '■  :  '  k 

IM-rson  or  thine  affected;  by.  through,  or  by 

■  '■!  of  any 
In    Mil-,  n    Hal.  -I>  . 

.    . 

■  .rrli  ..i  the  upper  aifpas- 
»  ) 
1  ■  i  of  flowing  it: ; 

oing  iii  or  ii 

\  lu.J 

1 .  .      rrap  up  in  folds; 

I.  I      1.  To  imparl  in- 
r  vitality  1 

II.  1 .  te  a  knowledge 

ipparent;  tal 

ommunl- 
uuct,   Intimate,  make 


k:.  ••*:.     Iimillllll.    notify,    reveal 

lri-fi>r rn  'ant .  In- 

f..r-nii't|..li.  I 

1 1 1  -  f  ■  >r  i  ■  i  '.i-lli    >•-.  I  n- 1  •  .r  n  i  - 

l .  :.  ■  •'..■  u  ho 

Impart*  Information      3.  A   u-:  1    .  I  me  who  form-. 

..ona.  or  amn.  . 
In-fur   iii.il.  I. 

rr-mony;  ur. 
-If,  in'Tor- 

m  il  l-i  •  '  -.-eular  form. 

In-r.r    lii-rial.     .  In-for  'I  um  ■• . 


in'fra-.  prrflz      p,<  on  the 

..f  In/era.  abl 

lii"fra-mai'll-la-r> .     I.  CM  Of  per- 

■■.<■  lower  Jaw  .      bone     II.  n 

lii"fr.-i>or'u-lar,    n. 

In'fra  or  hlt-al,     :or'hll-ar. 

-      •  ln"- 

fra  .red '.  red  end  of  the  visible 

In-fr.u    i.oii.         I.  og  or  violating.    2. 

r'or  words  In  in-  not  given  above  see  is-2,  prefix,  page  400 


An  l.n- 


i/ 


\ 

In  -it  .. 
m-lilno 

I  II 

. 

- I.  In- trim;    .  i . 

In    In. i   .III.   ii-liim. 

■  •in  Inn. 
ItO,     i 
in    In.     (lib   U-l  U     .  In    Inn-. IHi   ii-l.il. 
Ii,-I  ii    ri-.il.  .  I 

II.  I  led;  en 

I.,  in  .     . .   i  ii.- 

hi    III    rl-  il     .  .1.  in-Ill     l  l-..    Ik. II.   Fl 

lll-lll-i      .  .  • 

I .  To  iiiMlil  or  im  with 

t.    I 

I  pour  in     I  -    I  m,  pp.,  fundo, 

in-iii  •-inn.        I.  Inatll  J.  Thai  w  bich  is  in 

I  •  liquid 

the  l    . 
in- in-  l-ble1, 1  1  in  lifla'i  i  I. :.'  in  in  'i  I.I.  .i     lucapabli  ol 
In-ii-  -i-l)l'.  I  being    fused   oi    melted      ln-fus"l-l>iri- 

I  N     .   Itl-lll-    l-lll    i  -In-- 

tit-  *  •  i  i-ii  .  rhai  in:i'.  be  Infused  or  poured  In  In- 
fn-"l-i>U'i-i>  .  In-fua'l-bl  .  -ii. 

Iii'Tii— >i>  rl-.i.  i,  .1    ;./      A 

division  ..i  the  animal  kingdom,  eompri  ing  numerous 
animalcules  thai  occur  in  infusions  ••<  decaying 

.ii.-i  | 

lii'Tii-sii'rl-al.    a        ln"lii--orl-an  :  ;     In-lu  '»u-rj  ; . 
In'  lu-^ii'i l-.in,  n     i  »ne  i.f  the  / 
-inn.  i  -.  .1  to  torn 

rbal  nouns;  as,  casting. 

In-gage  '  tlged  [onion  ] 

•  i i|    .ii.   l   In'en;  u  Ing'an.n.    [Dial.]    The  onion.    [Cor  of 

in-u'ad)  (T-liit,'.  l  Ln-gath'er-in; 2 In-gath'Sr-ing,  ».    The 

ad  or  occupation  <.i  gathering  in,  specincallj  of  a  har- 

In'ge-low,  l  ln'Ji-10  lean    1 32i 

...i  and  wrltei 
iii-u<  in  'i-iiaic   l   in-jem'i-net;  2  In-ftSm'i-nfit,     I. 

I     i   ■       teat  or  n  double,     II.  a. 
r  doubled      i  ■     I  ,  pp    <.f  in- 

gemtno,  <  in.  in.  +  gemin  ln-gem'rl-na'tlon,  . 

iu-Ki'ii  Vr-atr;  ••.  l   In-Jen'sr-Ct;  :_'  In-gen'er-at,  ".     I 
erate  ..r  produce  w  Ithin.  I 

i  m.hi  1     lii-Krn'Vr-a'tlnn. 
in-urii Vr-atc1,   1   in-jen'er-it;  2  [n-g£n'6r-at,   a.     Not 

..  !ii  into  I.,  ini:  by  generation. 
In-gen  'er-ate  .        I  nborn. 
In-ce'nlofUi  1  in-jln'yos;  2  in-gfin'yO  I.  P 

..i  or  rnanifesting  inventive  faculty     '-J1 .  <  If  clever  mind, 
or  displaying  bright  mental  qualities.    [<] 
<  ingcnium.  innate  quality.] 

Syn.:  see  hi.vi.ii.    In-ge'nlons-ly,  In-ge'nlons- 

in-  .  [to  one. 

In-Ki'ii 'l-tal.  1  ln-]en'i-tel;  u'  In-gen'i-tal  natural 

ln"io'."iiu<-\  1  an".--..  [F.J     1. 

woman  or  t;iri  n !.■■  Lnnocenl      'J. 

i  citation  of  an  artless  or  ingi  nuous  char- 

■ .  also,  an  ad  i  ucb  a  role. 

in"i;i'-nii'i-(y,  1  in"ji-iiiu'i-ti ;  U  Wfce-nQ'i-ty,  'i.  1.  The 
quality  of  having  inventive  power;  cleverni  ■  in  con- 
triving or  originating     '.'•  itdonor 

1    .  i.ilor, 

Syn.:  acuti  ■  rtl  jr,  genius, 

IngenJ  entlon,  inventl  leas,  stdll.  in- 

■  ■:•  rather  mechanical  than 

■  i  la  shown  in  devising  expedients,  overcoming 

difficulties,  Invention  ape  .    Ing  means  to  <-iuis. 

Dexterity  is  chiefly  ol  the  band  be  either  of 

the  hand  or  ..f  the  mind,  bul  chiefly  of  the  latter.    Bee  u> 

Ant.:  awkwardni  Cupidity, 

■  ilnesB, 

In-Cen'a-oaa,  1  in-ien'yu-us;  2  In-68n'yu-0s,  a.    1.  Free 

from  dissimulation     "i.  EIigh«minded;  »m- 

:{i .  Ingi  in. .ii--  an  incon 

: .-■    :  •  vnhid:  HON! 

ln-gen'u-oa»-ly,  ad       In-gen'u-ous-ness,  /. 
In-cere',  1  in-jir';  2  In-gef,  I  o  Insinuate  or  tiirust 

in.    [<  L.ingero,  <  In,  in,  +  gero,  carry.]    In-ut-rr';. 
In-geaf '  .  ;  into  the 

eh     [<  I.   ingi  tut,  pp  ee  i noebi  ) 

In-ici-- 'ii.in.  of  Introducing  tomacb 

In'gle,]  ln'gl;2Io'SI  eplace.    [<  Gs«l. 

ainw'H      in  'gle  nook",  n.    A  corner  by  the  Are.    in'iri<'- 
-i.ii",  ■      jcol  I  Thenreslde.    Syn.' see  home. 
In'gllS,    ]        .1        '   In'gllS,   Henry   David   (1795-1835).     A 
Scottish  traveler  and  writer. 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  habit^   aisle;    au  =  owt:    ell:    IO  =  feud:    tfhin:    go;    o  =  sinp;    thin,   this.  Inflow 

415  2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   r||le,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,'   this.  Injudicious 


In-glo'ri-oiis,  a.  1.  Characterized  by  failure  or  disgrace. 
2.  Without  glory,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

in 'got,  1  in'get;  2  In'got,  n.  1.  A  mass  of  cast  metal  from 
the  crucible,  as  a  bar  of  gold.  2t-  A  mold  in  which  an 
ingot  may  be  cast.    [  <  AS.  ire,  in,  -+-  geotan,  pour.] 

in-graft'd,  1  in-graft';  2  in-graft',  vt.  1.  To  graft  (a  scion) 
for  propagation;  incorporate  so  as  to  form  a  part  of.  2. 
To  graft.— in-graft'meut,  n. 

In'gra-ham,  1  irj'grs-ham;  2  in'gra-ham,  Duncan  Nathaniel 
(1802-1891).  A  United  States  naval  officer;  became  com- 
modore in  the  Confederate  navy. 

in-grain',  1  in-gren';  2  in-gran',  vt.  1.  To  dye  before 
weaving;  dye  with  scarlet  or  with  any  lasting  color.  2. 
To  fix  deeply;  impress  upon  indelibly. 

in  'grain,  1  in'gren ;  2  m'gran,  a.  Dyed  in  the  yarn  before 
manufacture;  inwrought.  [and  wool  or  other  filling. 

in 'grain,  n.     A  carpet  made  of  worsted  or  cotton  warps 

In 'grate",  1  in'gret";  2  In'grat".  I.  a.  Ungrateful,  in- 
grate'fuij  [Archaic].  II.  n.  One  who  is  ungrateful. 
[  <  L.F  in-,  not,  +  gratus,  thankful.] 

in-gra'ti-ate,  1  in-gre's"hi-et;  2  in-gra'shi-at,  vt.  [-at"- 
EDd;  -at"ing.]  1.  To  win  confidence  for  (oneself).  2. 
To  secure  favorable  reception  for.  [  <  in-1  +  L.  gratia; 
see  grace.]  [ness;  unfriendliness. 

in-grat'i-tude,  re.    1.  Lack  of  gratitude.    2f.  Unkind- 

in-gre'di-ent,  1  in-gri'di-ent;  2  In-gre'di-ent,  re.  That 
which  enters  into  the  constitution  of  a  mixture.  [  <  L. 
ingredicn(t-)s,  ppr.  of  ingredior,  enter.]     Syn.:  see  part. 

In'gres,  1  ah'gr;  2  an'gr,  Jean  Auguste  Dominique  (1780- 
1867).    A  French  historical  painter. 

in'gress,  1  in'gres;  2  in'gres,  n.    1.  Means  of  effecting  en- 
trance; also,  place  of  entrance.    2.  The  act  of  entering. 
[<  L.  ingressvs.  pp.  of  ingredior,  enter.]  Syn.:  see  entrance. 
— in-gres'sion,  n.    The  act  of  entering,  or  an  entrance 
into  something;  an  incorporation. 

in 'grown",  1  in'gron";  2  in'gron",  a.  1.  Grown  into  the 
flesh,  as  a  toe-nail.  2.  Derived  from  within;  inborn. — 
ln'grow"ing,  a. 

In'gui-nal,  1  in'gwi-nal;  2  in'gwi-nal,  a.  Of,  pertaimng  to,  or 
near  the  groin.    [<  ~L.inguinalis,  <  inguen,  groin.] 

In-gulf,  1  in-gulf;  2  in-gulf',  vt.  To  engulf—  in-gulf- 
ment,  n. 

in-gur'gl-tate||,  1  in-gur'ji-tet;  2  in-gur'gi-tat,  vt.  [-tat"ed<1; 
-tat"ing.]  I.  I.  1.  To  swallow  greedily;  guzzle.  2.  To  en- 
gulf or  plunge  into.  II.  i.  To  drink  to  excess.  [<L.  ingvr- 
gltatus,  pp.  of  ingurgilo,  <  in,  in,  +  gurges,  gulf.] — ln-gur"- 
gi-ta'tion,  n. 

in-hab'itd,  1  in-hab'it;  2  ln-hab'it,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  live  or 
dwell  in;  occupy  as  a  home.  2f.  To  make  at  home.  II. 
i.  To  dwell  continuously;  live;  stay  at  home.  [<  L. 
in,  in,  +  habito,  dwell.]  Syn.:  see  abide. — in-hab'lt-a- 
bl(ep,  a.  1.  Habitable.  2t.  Not  habitable.— in-hab't- 
tance,  n.  The  act  of  dwelling;  residence.  In-hab'I-tan- 
cyt.— In-hab'i-tant,  n.  A  resident. — in-hab"i-ta'tlon, 
re. — in-hab'lt-ed,  pa.  1.  Having  Inhabitants;  populated. 
2t.  Lodged. — ln-hab'i-tiv(e-ness8,  n.  Natural  inclination 
to  dwell  or  stay  in  a  fixed  place;  in  phrenology,  the  faculty 
that  indicates  love  of  place  or  country.  in-hab'l-ta"tlv(o- 
ness8J. 

In-hale',  1  in-hel';  2  Tn-hril',  vt.  [in-haled';  in-hat/inc] 
To  inspire  or  draw  in  with  or  as  a  breath.  [<  L.  in, 
In,  +  halo,  breathe.]— ln"ha-la'tlon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  inhal- 
ing. 2.  Thatwhich  is  inhaled.— In-hal'er,  n.  I.  One  who 
Inhales.    2.  Something  from  or  through  which  one  Inhales. 

ln"har-mo'ni-ous,  1  in"har-m6'm-tis;  2  Inffhar-m6'ni-us, 
a.  Lacking  in  harmony;  discordant.  in"har-mon'ic-t ; 
ln"har-mon'l-calf.  Syn.:  see  INCONGRUOUS.  ln"har- 
mo'ni-ous-ly,  adv.—  ln"har-ino'ni-oiis-ncss,  n. 

In-here',  1  in-hir';  2  in-her',  vi.  [in-hered';  in-her'inq.] 
To  be  a  permanent  or  essential  part:  used  with  in.  [  < 
L.  in,  in,  +  nsereo, stick.] — In-her'enec, re.    In-hcr'eii-oyf. 

In-her'ent,  a.  1.  Permanently  united;  innate;  essential. 
2.  Pertaining  as  a  property  or  attribute. 

Syn.:  congenital,  essentia!,  Immanent,  Inborn,  Inbred,  In- 
dispensable. Indwelling,  infixed,  ingrained,  Inhering,  Innate, 
inseparable,  Internal,  Intrinsic.  Inwrought,  native,  natural, 
subjective.    Immanent  is  a  philosophic  word,  to  denote  thai 

which  dwells  in  or  pervades  any  Substance  or  spirit  without 
necessarily  being  a  part  of  it.  anil  without  reference  to  an] 
working  out  (compare  bub jective) ,  Thai  which  Is  Inherent 
is  an  inseparable  part  of  thai  in  w  t >  ict.  H  Inheres  and  I    u  u 

ally  thought  of  with  reference  to  some  outworking  or  ■  if'  •  i 
as,  an  inherent  difficulty.    God  is  said  to  be  Immanent  (not 
inherent)  in  the  universe,    Frequentlj  Intrinsic  and  tnherent 
can  be  Interchanged,  but  Inherent  applie    to  qualities,  while 
intrinsic  applies  to  essence,  bo  that  to  speal  of  intri 
cellence  conveys  higher  praise  than  if  we  say  Inherent  excel- 
lence.     Inherent  and    inlrlti   \<    nia.\    I"-   said   of   persons   or 
things;  congenital,  inborn,  inbred.   Innate,  appt]    to  living 
beings,    Congenital  is  frequent  in  medical  ami  legal  u 
special  application  t.o  defects;  as.  congenital  Idlocj      Innate 


and  inborn  are  almost  Identical,  but  innate  is  preferred  In 
philosophic  use,  as  when  we  speak  of  innate  ideas;  that  which 
is  inborn,  congenital,  or  innate  may  be  original  with  the  in- 
dividual, but  that  which  is  inbred  is  inherited.  Ingrained 
signifies  dyed  in  the  grain,  and  denotes  that  which  Is  deeply 
wrought  into  substance  or  character.  Bee  N  ITUHAL.—  Ant.: 
accidental,  casual,  external,  extrinsic,  fortuitous.  Incidental, 
outward,  subsidiary,  superadded,  superficial,  superfluous, 
superimposed,  supplemental,  transient,  unconnected 
— in"ue-ren'tial,  a.— in-her'ent-ly,  ads 

in-taer'itd,  1  in-her'it;  2  In-her'it,  t>.  I.  t.  1.  To  receive 
by  nature  from  one's  ancestors.  2.  To  take  by  descent. 
3.  To  be  endowed  with.  II.  i.  To  come  into  possession 
of  property  by  inheritance.  [<  L.*  in,  in.  +  heres 
(hercd-),  heir.]—  in-hcr'lt-a-bl(eP,  a.— in-her 'lt-a-bly, 
adv.  —  in-her 'i-tancc,  n.  1.  A  heritage,  'i.  The  act  of  in- 
heriting. 3.  A  possession  or  blessing  bestowed  bj  divine 
gift.  4t.  Ownership  or  acquisition,  or  something  acquired 
or  enjoyed.— ln-her'I-tor,  n.— in-her'1-trii,  n.  Am.  in- 
her  'i-tressj. 

In-he'slon,  1  in-hl'zan;  2  in-he'zhon,  n.  The  condition  of  In- 
hering or  being  fixed  in  something.  [<  LL  inhxsiotn-),  < 
L.  inhsesus,  pp.  of  inhsereo;  see  inhere.] 

in-iiib'it'1,  1  in-hib'it;  2  In-hib'it,  vt.  1.  To  hold  back  or 
in;  prohibit.  2.  Eccl.  Law.  To  forbid  (a  priest)  to  exer- 
cise his  spiritual  functions.  [<  L.  inhibit  us,  pp.,  <  in. 
In,  +  habeo,  have,  hold.]  Syn.:  see  prohibit.— in"hl-bl'- 
tion,  7i.— in-hib'i-to-ry,  a.    in-lilb'l-lh  ie!. 

in-hos'pi-ta-ble,  \  1  in-hos'pi-ta-bl;  2  In-hos'pi-ta-bl,  a. 

in-hos'pi-ta-blp,  )  1.  Not  hospitable.  2.  Barren;  wild; 
cheerless.  [OF.,  <  ire-  (  <  L.  in-),  not;  and  see  hospita- 
ble] in-hos'pl-talt.— ln-hos'pl-ta-bl(e-ni'ss"',  n.—  In- 
hos'pi-ta-bly,  ado. — ln-hos"pi-tal'i-ty,  n. 

in-hu'man,  1  in-hiu'msn;  2  ln-hu'man,  a.  Nnl  possessed 
of  human  qualities;  cruel;  savage;  barbarous.  Syn:  see 
barbarous;  sanguinary. 

— in"hu-man'l-ty,  n.  [-ties',  pi.]— In-hu'man-ly,  adv. 

in-hume',  1  in-hium';  2  fn-huni',  vt.  [in-HUMED';  in- 
hum'ing,]  1.  To  place  in  the  earth,  as  a  (lead  bod]  ; 
bury.  2.  Chem.  To  expose  to  a  constant  heat  by  bury- 
ing in  warm  earth  or  dung.  [<  L.  inhumo,  <  in,  in,  + 
humus,  ground]    in'liu-niatef .     In"hu-nia'tl»n,  n. 

in-ini'i-cal,  1  in-im'i-kal;  2  In-Im'i-eal,  a.  1.  Of  a  char- 
acter regarded  as  hurtful  in  tendency  or  opposed  in  in- 
fluence; antagonistic.  2.  Unfriendly.  [<  L.  inimicus, 
<  in-,  not,  +  amicus,  friendly] 

Syn.:  adverse,  antagonistic,  averse,  contradictory,  con- 
trary, disaffected,  harmful,  hostile,  hurtful,  noxious,  op- 
posed, pernicious,  repugnant,  unfriendly,  unwilling.  Prep.: 
to  or  toward. — ln-lm"l-i,al'i-ty,  n.-  Iii-lin'l-cal-ly,  ado. 

in-im'i-ta-bl(cp,  a.  That  can  not  be  imitate, 1:  match- 
less; incomparable.  — in-ini"i-ta-bil'i-ty,  in-lm'i-ta- 
bl(e-nessP,  n. — in-lni'l-ta-bly.  adv. 

in-iq'ui-ty,  1  in-ik'wi-ti;  2  In-Ik'wi-ty,  n.  [-rii:s7,  ;i/.] 
1.  Deviation  from  rigid;  wickedness.  2.  A  wrongful  act. 
[<  L.F  intquita(t-)s,  <  in,  not,  I  OffUtU,  equal.]  Syn.:  see 
abomination;  injustice;  sin.— In-lq'ul-tous,  a.  Wicked. 
Syn.:  see  criminal;  sinful.— In-lq'ul-tous-ly,  adv.— In- 
iq'ul-tous-ness,  n. 

Init.,  abbr.    [L.]    initio  (in  the  beginning) . 

in-i'tial,  1  in-isVal;  2  ui-feh'al,  1.  vt.  [-tialhd  oi 
-tialled,  -tiald8;  -tial-ing  or  -TIAL-LINO.]  To  put 
one's  initials  on.  II.  a.  1,  Standing  at  the  beginning 
or  head.     2.  Pertaining  to  the  first  stage      III.  The 

first  letter  of  a  word,  mime,  etc.  |  !•  ,  <_  L.  iuitinlix,  < 
ineo,  enter.)    -ly,  adv. 

lll-i'ti-ate,   1   in-ish'i-et;  2  In-Ish'i-nt       I.    pi       I    - 

-at"ing.]    1.  To  instruct  in  rudiments;  introduce,  as 
Into  a  society.    2.  To  be  the  Orel  mover  In.    Syn    bo   i 
roll;  install;  teach.    II.  a.  Newly  admitted      III.  n. 

One  who  has  been  initialed.      [<   L.  Inltlutus.  pp   Oftniffo, 

begin.]— in-l"tl-a'lloii.  n.    1.  The  acl  ol  Inltlatln 

( '(  romonlal admission,  as  Into  a  soclels    Syn      . ,  mm.inmno 

— ln-l'tl-a-thi«s.  |.  „  pertaining  to  Initiation;  sitvIiik  to 
Initiate.  II.  n.  I.  a  Orel  move  •».  The  power  ol  Initiating; 
ability  for  original  conception  and  Independent  action      < 

The  rlghl  or  tiie  people  to  dei »i  at  latlon 

from  their  representative  assembl]     usuall:    ■" npanled 

by  tin'  referendum.    Bee  referi  mdi  u      in-i'ii-a"(<ir,  n 
lii-l'tl-a-to-ry,  a.    1.  Introductory.   2.  Serving  to  Initiate. 

In-Ject'd,  l  n,  j.  i.i';  2  in  i6ct',  tl     i-  i  l?ut  in 

by  force;  especially,  to  introduoe  b  fluid     '-'■   I 
ject,  a    b  remai  k,    ugge  I  ion.  •  It      I      I 

Into,    i    facto,  throw.]    Iii-J<t'«i n     The  act  of  I 

inc.  the  siaie  of  being  Injeoted,  or  that  «  men  is  Injected. 
ln-ie4-'tor,  ii 

ln-Join/1 ,  '•.  ront, 

ln-jolnt'ti  "    To  loin;  unite 

ln"Jii-ili'rioiis,  1  in"ju-dish'us;  2  In  ju-dl  h  is,  a  !■ 
\,,i  judicious;  indiscreet;  ill«advisod  1.  Wanting  in 
ludgmeni  Syn  -  oiPBnMOT  in") u-«n  <i<miv-i> , 
a, h       ln"Jii-«H'rl<n^-iiess,  n. 


For  words  in  m-  not  Riven  above  .see  in--,  i>rrji.r,  page  4U0, 


Ill  llllli  I  loll 

1 1 1  •> .1 1 1 1  ( > 


<>'.  flr;   full,  Hll«;    I. ill.  I'Orn; 
it,  loo;  I  i  •>.  n6t,  Or,  w6q,    410 


' 


i 
.1. 


I 

'  lie  all 


(h  the 
milder, 

- 

•  Hi'  hc- 

ie  ship; 

of  a  par- 

ifTerlmt 

•  est!  ma  o  '  \     tri  ban 

•   with  ur  « Ithout  Injorloua 
- 1#<  combines 

I  ;   CRIM- 
Ant.:  ad\  ah- 

ii«'ip.  Improve- 
.  i,..         prep.:   Injury  at 
Injury  bv  fire;  by  or  from  collision.  Inter- 

2  to-jus'tic,  n.    Tin-  violation  or 

■    -  -.'. 
at  Ion  or  denial  of  just Ice,  an 
t..  equity  or  Justice 
i .    •  a  ■■.•-      In  legal  usage  a  xcrono  involves 
at  the  result  of 
■  i-ivii  damage  or  loss,  not 
as  by 
not  amounl  I 
may  Involve  m 
or  character,  and  no 
both;  one  who 
mot  I  vi' 

pplled  in 
'  Olodolng.    Compar 
ant     eqult 

tineas,  h  r,  Impartlallt 

i'!i-.  rlylit,  rlKi. ' 


I  . 


II.  I 

■ 

■  •■•  of  the 

r- 


I  ink  upon; 


tnkberry  in  Fruit. 


Ink',  r.  •        Ink  'horn", 

Ink'- 
i . . k  ••,» •  II  '        Ink'), 

Ink  'I-', 

Ink  •  r-man,  1  inR'ar-man:  2  Ink'er-man.  n.    A  seaport  in  the 


In  loc.  ill  ■ 


inwardly 


eent-l] 

For  words  In  in-  not  given  above  see  m-*,  prefix,  page  406. 


la  kl,                                  ■•■■•  I.  \  broad  linen  taps     '-'. 

Irlminlna 

ink  ling,  \    Intimation;  bin  I 

Ill-laid  i  l  nun  of 

v  1 

i ii  i  iii. I.  I  md .  L'  to'land     I.         I  i mi  the 

1 1 
til.  >  .i.l  the  Intcrioi  ol  n  land      ln'- 

I  ni.l    .  r. 

Ill-I.l  I      .  I.        '  [l\     I    Ml,';     IN     I    M  'IN..    | 

I  II. 

i  laid     '.'.  \  pat  tern  ot  d 

111     l.l\      IT, 

iii  I.  i   .  i.   \    mall  body  i  I 

lending  int  i  a  lai  mail  bay  or  i 

tributary  ..t  ■  lake     ■-'.  \n  .  ntranoi .  ..    to  o  oulvi  rl 

In  llm.i  [L.]    In  llmlm-  dm  the  tin ■ 

ii.  !    in  toco  citato  iin  the  place  cited 
Inly  i  1  m'li ;  2  In'ly.  adx      Iii  the  inner  parts 

In    in. ilr.    .  ■  .   :.'   In'inal,    PI        (  In.-    u  Iii 

lodges  m  a  plane  with  others;  any  occupai  I 
under  restraint  ur  treatment,  as  in  an  alt 
tariui 

In 'must",  1  in'most*; 2In'm8st",       I.  Farthi   tl 
extei  '•  i    juratively,  deepest  and  1 1 . • » ~ t  intimate. 

\-     ■. ■  in  | 

inn,  1 1  in;  2  to,  n.    A  public  hi  i  tertainment 

in  .  i    i  travelers;  a  place  where  mi  tog  are 

obtainable;  hostelry;  tavern.    [<     \S,  inn,  <  h 
hin'ki'i'i>"<T.  n.   Tin'  proprietor  or  keeper  of  an  Inn.   Inn'- 
ln>lil"rr:. 

In  'n:ite,  1  in'm't ;  2  tn'iifit .  a,  1.  Native  to  or  original  with 
die  individual;  inborn;  natural,    'i.  tuitive. 

!    in  hint;  na- 
nva;  eadicai      In'nate-ly,    •       iii [nate-ness, 

In'ner,  1  to'er;  ~  In 'or,  a.  1.  At  a  point  farther  in  .>r  in- 
ward. '!.  Pertaining  t<.  that  which  i-  interior;  noting 
the  spiritual  ur  immaterial,  3.  Not  easily  discerned  .>r 
undi  i  io;  hidden,    4.  Z<  ■  he  me- 

dian Hn>'.    (  <  AS.  iniicrii,  compar.  of  inn* .  in  J      lii'ncr- 
mosl",  a,    inmost. 

In'ness,  1  in'nes;  2  tn'nes,  George  (1825  1894).  An 
American  landscape-painter, 

in  'nine,  1  in'uj;  2  to'tog,  n.  In  baseball,  cricket,  etc  ,  a 
turn  at  the  bat;  hence,  the  period  during  which  a  party 
is  in  control  or  action. 

In'no-ceuee,  1  In'o-  I.  i 

Innocent.     '!.  Freedom  from  k'uilt.     3.  Harml  I. 

ArUessness;  simplicity;  hence,  weak-mindedness.     In'no- 
eera-cj  ■;. 

Syn.:  blameleasness,  good  .'ulltlossness. 

harmleasneBB,  Innocuousm  ImpUc- 

ity,  sincerity,  BUUessness,  stalnlesBnesB,  virtue.     Compare 

-  -  i  .  .  *  i  -.1      Ant.:  contamination,  corruption, 

crime,  criminality,  evil,  fa ni i,  guile, guilt, harm,  harm  fulness. 

hurt,  hurt  fulness.  Impurity,  nil  n.  sin.  si:  '  n  rout;. 

Innocence,  which  \b  Ion  or  trial,  or 

perhaps  without  ki. 

which  Is  too  i.  inptal  loll. 

In'no-cent1, 1  to'o-sent; 2 In'o-cSnt.  La.  I.  Not  tainted 
with  Bin;  pun-;  blameless.  ''.  Innocuous;  harml.  :t. 
Guileless,  4.  Pretty  and  lowly.  5.  Lawful.  6.  Artless; 
imbecile.     7.  Entirely  free  or  clear  from:  with 

■  o/  wrong.    8.  Entirely  lacl  >me  de- 

le quality.  II.  n  1.  One  unstained  by  sin.  2. 
One  who  is  weak-minded.  [F.,  <  I.,  in-,  not,  -f-noceo, 
injure |  Syn.:  blameless,  clean,  ci.ar,  faultless.  guileless, 
kuii t i«-^s.  harmless,  Immaculate,  innocuous.  Innoxious,  inof- 
fensive, pure,  right  iless,  ii|>- 
right,  vlrtuou  rnlflesnot  tainted 
with  sin.  not  having  done  wrong  or  violated  legal  or  moral 

precept    or  o. 

tive  word,  expressing  less  than  rtohteou  .  upright,  or 

which  imp]-.  '  good  and  evil,  with  free  choice  of 

child  or  a  lamb  is  Innocent;  a  tried  and 

faithful   man   Is  rtahteout,   upright,   vfxtuovz.     Immaculate. 

I  maj  be  used  either  ol  om-  who  has  never 

known  the  possibility  Of  evil  or  of  on.-  who  has  perfect  I;  and 

triumphant!  i  ed  of  inanimate  sub- 

■  .<■  s.-nse  of  harmlct  ;  as.  an  Innocent  remedy,  that 

.  at,  In  a 

specific  case,  signifies  free  (rom  the  guilt  of  a  partlculai  act, 

the  the  total  character  may  be  very  evil;  as,  the  thiel 

was  found  to  i>.-  tnnoa  nt  ol  tin-  murder,    see  candid;  pubb. 

— Ant.:  Compare  Bynonyms  for  cbhomal. 

Holy  Innoreiits.  the  foung  children  put  to  death  by 
Herod  and  commemorated  Dec    28.     Malt.  II,  16.— In'no- 


l:a=  final;    i  =  habit_^   aisle:    au^out;    ell;    iu  =  feud:    cliin;    go;    xt  =  s'mg;   fhin,   this.  Injunction 
417    2:wplf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this.        insanity 


In'no-cent2,  re.  Any  one  of  13  popes;  particularly:  (1)  In. I., 
Saint  (  -417),  who  condemned  Pelagianism.  (2)  In.  II., 
Gregorlo  Papareschi  (  -1143),  who  condemned  Abe- 
lard.  (3)  In.  III.,  Lotario  de'  Contl  (1161-1216),  who 
laid  an  interdict  on  France  and  England;  ordered  the  fourth 
crusade;  raised  the  papal  power  to  the  highest  point.  (4) 
In.  IV.,  Sinibaldo  de'  Freschi  (  -1254),  who  pro- 
claimed a  crusade  against  Frederick  II.  (5)  In.  XI.,  Bene- 
detto Odescalchi  (1611-1689),  who  quarreled  with 
Louis  XIV. 

in-noc 'u-ous,  1  in-nek'yu-us;  2  m-noe'yu-us,  o.  1. 
Having  no  harmful  qualities.  2.  Pertaining  to  non» 
poisonous  serpents.  [<  L.  innocuus,  <  in-,  not,  + 
nocuus,  harmful.)  in-nox'iousi.  Syn.:  see  innocent. — 
ln-noc'u-ous-Iy,  adv.  — in-noc'u-ous-ness,  n. 

in-nom'I-nate,  1  m-nem'i-nit;  2  in-nom'i-nat,  a.  1.  Without 
specific  name.  2.  Anonymous.  [  <  LL.  innominatus,  < 
L.  in-,  not;  and  see  nominate.] — innominate  artery,  a 
large  but  short  trunk  springing  from  the  arch  of  the  aorta 
near  the  heart. — i.  bone,  the  hip«bone. 

in'no-vate,  1  in'o-vet;  2  in'o-vat,  vi.  [-VAT"EDd;  -vat"- 
ing.]  To  make  innovations;  introduce  new  things.  [  < 
L.  in,  in,  +  novus,  new.] — in"no-va'tion,  re.  1.  The  mak- 
ing of  a  change  In  something  established.  2.  A  novelty. 
Syn.:  see  change. — in'no-va"tlv(ep,  a.  Characterized  by 
innovations. — in'no-va"tor,  ».  One  who  introduces  inno- 
vations. 

Inns'bruck,  1  ins'pruk;  2  Ins'pruk,  n.  A  historic  university 
city,  capital  of  Tyrol,  Austria;  pop.  53,000. 

in"nu-en'do,  1  in"yu-en'do;  2  in"yu-en'do,  n_  [-dosz, 
-does2,  pi.]  An  indirect  aspersion;  insinuation.  [L. 
abl.  gerund  of  innvo,  nod.]     Syn.:  see  suggestion. 

In'nu-it,  1  in'u-it;  2  lu'u-it,  re.  sing.  &  pi.  An  Eskimo  or  the 
Eskimos  collectively  of  Alaska:  native  name;  literally,  men. 

ln-nu'mer-a-ble, )  1  in-niu'niai-e-bl;  2  in-nu'mer-a-bl, 

in-nu'mer-a-blp,  j  a.  So  numerous  as  not  to  be  counted; 
very  numerous.  Syn.:  see  infinite.— in-nu"mer-a-bll'- 
i-ty,  in-nu'mer-a-bl(e-nessp,  re.^in-nu'nier-a-bly, 
adv. 

in-oc'U-late,  1  in-ek'yu-let;  2  In-oc'yu-lat,  vt.  [-lat'ed"1; 
-lat"ing.]  1.  To  communicate  (disease)  by  infection, 
as  through  the  skin.  2.  To  insert  a  bud  in,  as  a  tree,  for 
propagation.  3.  Figuratively,  to  imbue;  infect.  [  <  L. 
inoculatus,  pp.  of  inoeulo,  <  in,  in,  +  oculus,  eye.]— In-oc"- 
u-la'tion,  re.  1.  Med.  The  insertion  of  a  virus,  as  of  small- 
pox, into  the  system  through  the  skin.  2.  The  operation  of 
inserting  a  bud  for  propagation.  3.  Contamination;  infec- 
tion.— in-oc'u-la"tor,  n. 

in-or'di-nate,  1  in-er'di-mt;  2  in-6r'di-nat,  a.  Not  re- 
strained by  prescribed  rules  or  bounds;  immoderate; 
excessive.  [  <L.4re-,not,  +  ordo,order.]  Syn.:seeiMMonER- 
ate:  irregular.  —  in-or'di-nate-ly,  adv.  —  In-or'di- 
nate-ness,  re. 

in"or-gan'ic,  1  in"er-gan'ik;  2  In"6r-gan'ie,  a.  1.  Devoid 
of  organized  physical  structure;  not  organic.  2.  Not 
the  result  of  living  or  organic  processes.  3.  Pkilol.  Ab- 
normally or  irregularly  developed.     in"or-gan'i-t'alt. 

in-os'cu-late,  1  in-es'kiu-let;  2  in-6s'cu-Iat,  v.  [-lat*ed<>; 
-lat"ing.]  I.  I.  To  unite  by  contact  of  openings,  as  two 
vessels  in  an  animal  body.  II.  1  1.  To  intercommunicate. 
2.  To  meet  and  blend  together,  as  by  continuity. — in-os"ou- 
la'tion,  n.  1.  Union  by  tubedike  passages;  intercommuni- 
cation.   2.  A  union  that  implies  continuity. 

In  pos'se,  1  in  pos'I;  2  In  p6s'e.  Having  a  possible  but  not 
an  actual  existence;  potential:  opposed  to  in  esse.     [I.,.] 

In  pr.,  abbr.    [L.]    In  principio  (in  tin1  beginning). 

in  pro'pri-a  per-so'na.    In  one's  own  person.    [L.] 

In 'put",  1  in'put";  2  In'put",  re.  1.  Mcch.  The  amount  of 
energy  received.  2.  Physiol.  The  amount  of  food  taken 
into  the  body.    3.  [Scot.]  Contribution. 

in'quest,  1  in'kwest;  2  Kn'kwSst,  n.  1.  A  judicial  inquiry 
into  a  special  matter,  as  a  sudden  death  'J.  The  body 
making  such  inquiry.     [<   L.OF  inquisita,    <   inQuiro, 

INQUIRE.] 

in-qui'e-tudc,  1  in-kwai'i-titid;  2  In-kwi'e-1  iid.  n  A 
state  of  restlessness;  disquietude.  [Eng.)   Inquiry, 

ln"qui-ra'tlon,  1  in"kwt-rc'shan;  2  In'kwi-ra'shon,  //.  [I'rov. 

in-quire',  1  in-kwuir';  2  In-kwTr',  v.  [m-QUlBED';  i\- 
Qum'iNo.l    1. 1.    To  ask  information  about;  search  out. 

II.  i.     1.  To  seek  information  by  asking  questions.     2. 

To  make  investigation.     [  <  L.F  inquiro,  <  in,  into,    t 

Qusero,  seek.] 

Syn.:  ask, examine,  Interrogate,  query,  question  Toa  '  Is 
to  use  some  form  of  speech,  Bnort  of  dired  command,  foi 
obtaining  something  from  another.  Ask  has  thus  two  dis- 
tinct uses:  (a)  that  which  is  asked  may  be  some  benefit, 
favor,  help,  relief,  etc.  Stfch  asking  Is  commonlj  qo1  In  the 
form  of  a  question:  as,  "Please  help  me."  (See  synonyms  for 
ask);  (b)  that  which  is  asked  may  be  Information.  In  which 
case  the  words  ordinarily  take  the  form  of  a  quest  Ion;  In  I  his 
latter  sense  ask  Is  a  synonym   for   Inquire,  etc.     One  may 


guire  are  nearly  interchangeable,  chiefly  differing  in  the  fact 
that  ask  is  the  popular  and  inquire  the  more  formal  word, 
tho  ask  has  place  In  the  best  literary  use.  Also,  ask  has 
more  reference  to  the  presence  of  a  second  person;  the  soli- 
tary investigator  inquires  rather  than  asks  the  cause  of  some 
phenomenon;  in  this  sense  ask  is  often  used  reflex! vely;  as, 
"I  asked  myself  why  this  happened."  Inquire  into  thus  be- 
comes a  natural  synonym  for  examine,  tnvestlgaU  .  etc  c  !om- 
pare  ask;  examine:  question,  p.  &  re.  — Prep.:  inquire  into 
any  matter  demanding  investigation:  about,  concerning,  or 
in  regard  to  the  transaction;  inquire  of  one  who  can  give  in- 
formation; inquire  at  a  house  for  a  person  or  thing:  after 
one's  health;  inquire  out  items  or  individuals  from  a  mass  or 
aggregate—  ln-qulr'a-bl(e,a.—  In-qulr'er,n.— In-qulr'- 
ing,pa.  -ly, adv.—  ln"qul-sl'tlon,re.  1.  [I-]  R.  c.  Ch.  Hist. 
A  court  or  tribunal  for  examination  and  punishment  of  here- 
tics. Holy  OfflceJ.  3.  The  proceedings  and  findings  of  a 
Jury  of  inquest.  3.  Investigation.  Syn.:  see  hint;  question 
— in"qul-si'tlon-ai,  a. 

in-quir'y,  1  in-kwair'i:  2  In-kwlr'y,  re.  [-iesz.  pi.]  I.  The 
act  of  Inquiring.  2.  Investigation  into  causes,  etc.  3.  A 
query. 

Syn.:  examination.  Interrogation,  Interrogatory,  investi- 
gation, query,  question,  research,  scrutiny,  study.  See 
question. — Ant.:  sec  synonyms  for  ANSWER. 

In-quls'i-tiv(ea,  1  in-kwiz'Mlv;  2 In-kwls/i-tlv,  a.  1.  Given 
to  questioning;  curious.  2.  Inclined  to  the  pursuit  of  knowl- 
edge. 

Syn.:  curious,  inquiring,  intrusive,  meddlesome,  meddling, 
peeping,  prying,  scrutinizing,  searching.  An  Inquisitive  per- 
son is  one  who  is  bent  on  finding  out  all  that  can  be  found 
out  by  inquiry,  especially  of  little  and  personal  matters,  and 
hence  is  generally  meddlesome  and  prying.  Inqutsittvi  may 
be  used  in  a  good  sense,  tho  in  such  connection  inqu{rlng 
is  to  be  preferred;  as,  an  inquiring  mind.  As  applied  to  a 
state  of  mind,  curious  denotes  a  keen  and  rather  pleasurable 
desire  to  know  fully  something  to  which  one's  attention  uas 
been  called,  but  without  the  active  tendency  thai  inquisi- 
tive implies;  a  welWbred  person  may  be  curious  to  know  ,  bul 
will  not  be  Inquisitive  In  trying  to  ascertain,  what  Is  oi  inter- 
est in  the  affairs  of  another.  — Ant.:  apathetic,  careless,  heed- 
less, inattentive,  indifferent,  unconcerned,  uninterested 
Prep.:  Inquisitive  about,  concerning,  in  regard  to,  regarding 
trifles. 

— in-quls'l-tlv(e-ly9,  adv.— In-quls'l-llv(e-ness»,  n. — 
in-quis'i-tor,  re.  1.  One  who  makes  Inquiry  or  Investiga- 
tion. 2.  [I-]  A  member  of  the  court  of  the  inquisition,  S. 
A  curious  person. — in-quls"l-to'rl-al,  a.    -|>,  adv. 

I.  N.  R.  I.,  abbr.  [L.]  lesus  Nazarenus,  Bex  Ivdtsorvm  (Jesus 
of  Nazareth.  King  Of  the  .lews). 

in'road,  1  in'rod;  2  In'rod,  n.  A  hostile  entrance  into  a 
country;  raid;  any  forcible  encroachment.     Syn  :  see  tsv  l- 

SION. 

in'rush",  1  In'ruSh";  2  In'rush",  re. 

vasion. 
ins.,  abbr.    Inspector,  insurance. 
in-sane',  1  in-sSh';  2  fn-san',  a. 

rational.    2.  .Set  apart  for  the  insane.    [  <  I.,  in-,  ni 
sunus,  sound.] 

Syn.:  absurd,  cracked,  crazed,  crazy,  delirious,  demented, 
deranged,  distracted,  frantic,  frenzied.  Irrational,  lunatic, 
mad,    maniac,    maniacal,    monomaniac,   out    of   one's   head, 

mind,  senses,  or  wits,  wandering,  wild.    Crated  and  crocs1 
are  popular  words  (Identical  In  meaning  with  the  colloquial 
cracked)  to  denote  what  Is  preferably  '  •; 
literary,  medical,  and  legal  use.    Compare  synonyms  for 

INSANITY.-  Ant.:  clear,  collected,  level-headed,  Sage,  sane, 
sensible,  sober,  sound.  Wise,      ln-sane'l>  . 

in-san  'My,  1  in-san'i-ti;  2  In-s'm'i-tv,  n,  A  morbid  con- 
dition of  mind  due  to  brain*disease;  derangt  meat;  I  it— 
n  iii-saiie'iMss;  ;  in-sa'nie  I . 

Syn.:  aberration,  alienation, craslness,  delirium  dementia, 
derangement,  frenzy,  hallucination,  lunai  mania, 

monomania.    <  if  these  tei  m  ■  •  <  and 

comprehensive,  including  In  11  iwide  I  sense  all  morbid  eon 

<llt  inns  of  mind  due  to  diseased  action  of  the  brain  or  ner- 
vous system     Cratinest  Is  ■.<  vague  popular  term  | 

sort  oT  disordered  mental  aOtlOO,  01    I" lUCl  suggest  lug 

it.    Lunacy  originally  denoted  Intermittent  In   ml 
posed  to  be  dependent  on  the  ohan  I    luna): 

the  term  Is  no"  applied  In  general  and  le;  :■!  U  e  i,,  an)  form 

of  mental  unsoundness  except  Idle  Hie  "id 

popular  term,   now    less  common.   f,.i       ,     ■      ■  .    m    r 

sense,  bUt  B  itll  BUI  [eStll  D  ''       '" 

the  derived         ■  deno  inelj  fooltab, 

ni  is  Insanely  desperate     i ■■     ■    ■  ■  ■  ni  i    a  i  oni 
in. in  euphemism  for  In  \anlty     Dtliriun 

oi  tho  mental  powi 
word  Is  specifically  applied  to   enl 

ration  1 1  eocentrlolt]  or  mi  due  to  an  abnormal 

tate  of  the  perceptive  racultlc  ,  and  Is  manlfi 
in  perception 
apparent  perception  or  that  «  blob  dot  i  noi  i 


A  sudden  rushing  In;  In- 


l.  \.it  sane;  orasy;  u> 


elther  ask  or  inquire  one's  way.     In  this  sense  ask  and  tn- 

For  words  in  in-  not  given  above  see  in-1,  prefix,  page  400 


iiis.itMhit 
l  iisiil.ir 


Ih-»ji  n-i-i.l>  .    Ii 
in   ..-u  .  -i  >  . 

t  It  — ^  •  n''r     . 

I 


ilkinalll) 


II-  ■(.  -I>  .  In 


I  tk  with  writ 

l 

Mother 

I 

.prim,  mark. 

I  111'  llll- 

I11--1  r  1  r . .   t  '    with    written 

• « » —  •  rili  .  r.  ln-.<  rl|>  'lion,  I 

ofU--  •-•-  1  ntrv  In  a  mil  or 

'<  In  or  medal  ai 

i  ii-  RirnoN, 

111  — «  rl|i   1 1  >    .    . 

in--i  ru  1.1-M. .  .        i-i.i.  ,i    Thai 

in--,  ru  1.1-I1I  .  ompre- 

•  rablc  I 

hi--,  ru     l.l-MI    i-l>  .  Ill-MTU  '- 

- in--"  ru    l.i-hl>  . 

in  -i  1  1.  1        minute  invertebrate 

■  capods  have  1  in-  body  divided 

•1.  .111111   « if    10 
•-.  and  paas  IhrouKb  a  more  or  Ii 

usually  2 

pair  or  none. 
.'.  mall  invertebrate  appar- 

' 
iu--i  ■   1.  -  in.  1  ft — .-€  'M-dde, 

osectvpowder. 


N\W 


,'•< 


ii 

in- 


\  1 

I   ofti       n  *t  rifted      a.  be* 

•-        [I.   .    pi     of  ■*    '•> 

:w     ■--»■  i\-ii-7  **"•  e<  r 

1-   ■  •. 
-u>  'o-ra,   .        -  ■  -tlv'o-rs: 


mammalii     a*  shrews,  moles,  and  bedgeboga.  ^ ntiMU. 

In- 
i-ior..         in ■■»!-•  -- 1 1  *  'o-rotu,  a      1.  Feeding  or  sub- 

era.    f<  L.  irueetur  devour.] 

In--.  11  -.iii  .  u.    1.  Manifesting 

■  >r  reason;  brutiah ;  mad. 

In--'  11  -1-1.I1  .  2  tn-sen'si-bl    •     I.Thai 

In--.  11  'sl-bl  .    .  p  reeived  by  tl 

ea.    1.  ii  m.    31 .  W  itli- 

ln-.iu"«l-liiri-t>,    n.     In- 
-.  11   -i-l.l.  -11.  --  In-..  11   -I-I.I 

In-,  p  .   jftor.     Inaepai 

in-.'-n    .  .  To  put  or  place  in 

■ 
in---  r  lion,         1 .  1  be  a'!  of  ii. 

•  be  like, 
.:.  I  'I  11  •■  or  mode  of 

■  rted;  an  in- 
t  in;  implant ;  insert. 
I . 

•  the  ti<l'-. 
I.        I.  Being  or  occur- 
■;.   Coming 
II.  ads.   Toward 

ln-»hrlne',  1  ln-<hroln';2  ll  "inc. 

In  -I'll ■".  I.  1  .,r  occurring 

witlii:      II.         I.  r  part  that  ia  within.    '£. 


in  -•  n. 
in--.  1  '. 
Ill  '-<  I 

Iii  -lion 


I  nol.flr:  full.  rOI.-:   Im(,  l>Orn; 

11        1  1  ,o   not,  01.  »on.    4JS 

i    contents     ;i.    \u  inaide  pa • 
III  I.  In  or  into  the  interior;  within     "i. 

>  J    In  ll  I  \  .   j...  ;.      Ill  or 

In-slil  'it.  •      1  >M.   w  ho  is  inside; 

lulall) .  one  a  J  Inrormatli r  «<i- 

..  Hon 
in-. Ml  I-..H-.  1  loins  ..1  oon- 

m,  as  it  b)  l>  nit-,  in  «:ui .  working  ill  bj  ilon 

I  i  .  ,   alli- 

butti  •  ii.  rr.ifi\.  ounnlng,  deceitful,  designing, 

guileful,  in-  m  ii\ 

In-. I.I  'l-oii.-l\  .  lii-.l.TI-olls-ncss,  ii 

Iii  'sight",  1  it      ...     g  h  '  n.  ,,     1.  Intelleotual  di 

Inner  nature  ..1  ■  thing 

!  v  1  \  .  wis 

In-slg  in-. 1.   :  1,  „    ;,/      B 

hence,  1  bins  < 
of  a  calling.     |l. ,  pi    nt  int igm .  mai i    ol 

In'alg-nlflH  .mi.  1    \\  it  ii.  mi  t  ini- 

poi  1      .'   w  nil. mi  importance;  trh  ial 
S\n:  Idle,  Immaterial,  Irrelevant,  little,  mean,  meaning- 
light,  small,  trifling,  trivial.    BMUTTU 
Ant :   considerable,  essential,  grand,  grave,   great,    Im- 
Influcntlal,  large,  1  1  hi  .11-.  slgnlfli lant 

ln".lK-uir'l-ranee,   n.      In'Mit-nll  'l-ian-i)  ;.      1 1 1  "- 
slg-nlf  'l-r:ml-l>  .  ml' 

ln--(ii   u-a(c,   1   im-.iii'\  u-."l ;  2  Iii'.sfn'yii-fit.  r       | -  \  1 '  1  i. ! ; 

-...  ]     1.  1      1.  To  indicate  ..r  suggest  indin  etly; 
intimate     8.  To  introduce  gradually  or  by  tortuous 
means     II.  .      1.  To  make  indiraol  allusii  >        '!.  To 
«..rU  oneeell  into  a  person's  favor,  etc     |  •    I.,  in 
wind  in.  •    la,  in.   1     In  1  ,  winding  1    s.vn.:  gee  u.i .1  di 

in-.iirii-ai  "Ihk,  pa.     Characterised  by  insinuation; 
insensibly   winning   favor  and   confidence     ln-sln"u-a'- 
ilon,  ;i      insidious  suggestion  or  Implication;  something 
uated;  a  bint,     s.vn.:  see  scoaKSTiON      In-sln'u-a- 
iii  <-.  a     ln-sln'u-a"tor,  n. 
in-sip'id,  1  iii — ij.'i.l :  g  iii->i|/i.l,  .1      I.  Without  flavor; 
unsavory.    2.  Not  qualified  to  interest;  vapid.   |<  L. 
(n-,  not,   •  tapUus,  savory.]    Srn-seeFLAT     ln"sl-pld'l- 
ty.n.    in-sip'id-iirss:.    (n-slpld-ly,  adv. 
In>8l8t'd,  1  m-  i-i ',  2  In-elst',        I.  To  make  an  assertion. 
..r  demand,  with  emphasis  and  persistence.    "'.  To  find 
support     (  <  l..K  in,  in.  oi  iniil  1 

syn.:  persevere,  persist.    Instil  implies  some  alleged  au- 

iiioritv  or  rk'iit;  /x  rsUl  Implies  simply  determination  ol  will; 

we  Ini    '  upon  the  action  of  others;  we  persist  in  our  own. 

•  la  used  of  any  urgency,  good  or  bad,  bul  very  largely 

in  the  good  sense;  persist  Is  used  chiefly  in  a  i>a<i  sniM.\  /« r- 

being  preferred  for  the  better  meaning.     Bee  pbbsist. 

In-sls'tence,    n,      liMls'ten-cyf.    In-sls'tent,    a. 

-If,  mi' . 

In-sls'taref,  n    BtablUty;  iixity;  instotence 

In  sl'tn,  1  in  saftld;  S  In  si'tn.    in  its  original  site  or  position: 

Uy  mgeology  of  a  fossil,  rock,  etc.  (L.) 
In-snare',  .k-.    Same  as  ensnahe,  etc 
In 'so-late,  1  Ln'so-iet;  2  in'so-iat,  n.    (-LAT"^:l)'^;  -i,at*in(!.1 
To  expose  to  the  rays  Of  the  sun,  as  for  bleaehlnK,  etc.    l< 
pp.,   <   In,  In,  +  sol,  sun  1     ln"so-la'll<>ii,  n. 
I.  The  act  of  insolatlng.    2.  Med.  Sunstroke, 
in'ssole",  1  in'-sol";  2  ii/'soi",  n.    t.  The  fixed  inner  sole  of 
a  boot  or  shoe.    2.  A  removable  inner  sole  placed  within 
a  shi  ie. 
in  '^(i-ltTit,  1  iii'-o-lciit  .2  tn'so-lont,  n.  1.  PresumptuouHly 
or  defiantly  offensh  e,  as  in  language  or  mannei .  impu- 
dent   'i-  Uro    is  di  n    pectful,    [F.,  <  L.  in-,  not,  -f- 
accustomed  I     s.vn.:  see  hauohtt;  impudent. 
in  'so-lent-1] ,  mi'     in  'so-lence,  n. 

In-soru-bl.c1',  1  in—ol'vu-lil;  2  In-sol'yi.i-l<l,  a.  1.  Not 
capable  01  being  dissolved,  as  in  a  liquid;  not  soluble 
'!.  Thai  can  nol  be  explained  or  solved;  Insolvable.  -i-  Im- 
t>le  to  pay  or  discharge,  as  a  debt  or  obligation.  4t. 
That  can  not  in-  undone  or  loosed;  strong,  iii-sol 'u-ble- 
nesa, n     iii-siii"u-i)ii'i-i>:.    in-.oi'u-i,i> , .  ■ 

In-soli  'a-blie'-,  1  lii-solv'ii-l.l;  2  (n-solv'a-bl,  a.  1.  Not  ad- 
mit tint;  of  explanation;  Insoluble.  2.  That  can  not  !»•  untied 
or  loosened    8-  Counterfeit,  or  unnegotiable;  ux,  insolvable 

haul.- 

In-sol 'vent,  1  in-^el'vent; 2 In-sfil'vent,    La.    1.  Unable 

to  in.-.t  the  claims  of  creditors;  not  solvent;  bankrupt. 

Z.  Inadequate  for  the  payment  ..1  debt  -     8,  Pertaining 

to  insolvency.    II.  n.    A  bankrupt. — In-sol 'ven-ry,  n. 

..1  ,     Bankruptcy. 

in-- 0111 'nl-a,  1  in-sem  ni-e;  2  In-sSm'ni-a,  n.  Chronic 
inability  to  sleep.    [I..  <  in-,  not,    •   somnus,  sleep.] — 

lll-soill'nl-ar,    n.      One   who   suiters   from   sleeplessness 

In-soni  'ni-oiis,  a.     Affected  « ll  h  Insomnia;  sleepless.    In- 

siiin  'iio-lenre,  n.     Sleeplessness.         [lowed  by  that  or  as. 

in"so-nnii-ii',  ./,/,      in  Mich  wi-.  ;  to  such  a  degree:  fol- 

ln".oii"elanee',l  ah"HQ"Hyunn'  or  lu-HQ'si-aua;  2  aii'su'tyanc' 


lor  words  in  n  -  not  given  above  see  is-',  prefix,  page  40G. 


1:»=  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    all;    lu  =  feud:    cliin;    go;    T)  =  B\ng;   fhin,   this.    Insatiable 
419     2:  wolf,  dq;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    bfit,    bflrn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  Insular 


or  In-su'ci-anc,  re.    Careless  unconcern;  Indifference;  heed- 
lessness    [F.,  <  in-,  in-2,  +  souct,  care.] 

ln"sou"clant',  1  an"su"syuh'  or  in-su'si-ent;  2  an'su'cyan'  or 
fn-su/ci-ant,  a.  Without  concern  or  care;  heedless;  unmind- 
ful.   [F.l 

lnsp.,  abbr.    Inspector. 

In 'span",  1  in'span";  2  In'span*,  vt.  &  vi.  [S.  Afr.]  To  harness 
or  yoke  up  animals  to  a  vehicle. 

In-spect'd,  1  in-spekt';  2  Tn-spSct',  vt.  To  examine  care- 
fully and  critically.  [  <  L.  inspecto,  <  in,  in,  +  specio, 
look.]  Syn.:  see  examine;  look. — in-spec'tion,  n.  Crit- 
ical investigation;  especially,  an  official  examination.  Syn.: 
see  oversight. — In-spec'tor,  n.  1.  A  supervisor.  2.  An 
officer  of  police.  Syn.:  see  superintendent. — In-spec'tor- 
atc,  lii-spcc 'tor-ship,  re.  The  office  or  district  of  an  in- 
spector. 

Hn-sphere',  1  in-sfir';  2  in-sfer',  rt.    To  ensphere. 

iu»spire',  1  in-spair';  2  in-splr',  v.  [in-spired';  in-spir'- 
Jing.]  1. t.  1.  To  breathe  into  the  lungs.  2.  To  animate 
'or  kindle  as  by  spiritual  influence.  3.  To  stimulate,  as 
a  quality  or  action;  instil;  impart.  4.  To  prompt  (one) 
in  the  expression  of  views  or  sentiments;  prompt  or 
dictate  (an  idea,  utterance,  etc.)  officially  but  covertly. 
II.  i.  To  inhale  air  or  any  influence ;  draw  in  the  breath. 
[<  L.  inspiro,  <  in,  in,  +  spiro,  breathe.]  Syn.:  see  en- 
courage.— In-splr 'a-bltc,  a.  1.  That  may  be  breathed; 
inhalable.  2.  Capable  of  being  inspired. — in"spi-ra'tlon, 
n.  1.  Inhalation.  2.  The  inbreathing  or  imparting  of  an 
idea,  emotion,  etc.;  hence,  lofty  thought,  emotion,  or  crea- 
tive power,  as  exhibited  in  art,  letters,  etc.  3.  Divine  in- 
fluence upon  sacred  writers.  Syn.:  see  enthusiasm. — In- 
splr'a-to-ry,  a.    Pertaining  to  inspiration. — In-splr'er,  n. 

In-spir'ltd,  vt.    To  fill  with  spirit;  animate;  exhilarate. 
Syn.:  see  encourage.— In-splr 'it-lng-ly,  adv. 

In-spis'sate,  1  in-spis'et;  2  In-spis'at.  I.  vt.  [-SAT"EDd; 
-sat"ing.]  To  give  greater  consistency  to,  as  by  boil- 
ing. II.  o.  Thickened;  inspissated.  [<  L.  in,  in,  + 
spissus,  thick.]    Syn.:  see  thick. — ln"spls-sa'tion,  re. 

Inst.,  abbr.    Instant,  institute,  institution. 

In"sta-bil 'i-ty,  1  in"ste-bil'i-ti ;  2  in"sta-bTl'i-ty,  n.  [-ties2, 
pi.]  Unstable  condition;  want  of  stability  or  firmness; 
changeableness;  flimsiness;  inconstancy. 

Syn.:  changeableness,  fickleness,  flightiness,  inconstancy, 
mutability,    unstableness,    unsteadiness.  —  Ant.:    certainty, 
constancy,  firmness,  persistence,  stability,  steadiness. 
— In-sta'blc§,  a.    Unstable. 

In-stall',  1  in-stol';  2  In-stal',  vt.    1.  To  invest  with  office 
by  formal  ceremony.    2.  To  establish  in  a  place  or  posi- 
tion.   [  <  LL.  installo,  <  L.  in,  in,  +  LL.  stallum,  seat.] 
Syn.:  inaugurate,  induct,  initiate,  ordain. — Ant.:  break, 
cashier,  depose,  dismiss. 

— ln"stal-la'tlon,  re.  1.  Ceremonial  introduction;  insti- 
tution. 2.  The  introduction  of  machines  or  apparatus  for 
use;  as,  the  installation  of  a  power=plant. — in-stal  'ment.  In- 
stall 'ment,  re.  1.  A  partial  payment.  2.  One  of  a  number 
of  parts  of  anything  furnished  at  different  times.  3.  The 
act  of  installing.     Syn.:  see  part. 

In'stanec,  1  in'stsns;  2  in'stanc.  I.  vt.  [in'stanced*; 
in'stanc-ing.]  To  refer  to  as  an  illustration.  II.  re.  1. 
A  case  offered  or  occurring  as  an  exemplification.  2. 
The  act  of  asking,  or  suggesting;  solicitation  3.  Civ. 
Law.  Any  civil  action  or  judicial  demand.  4f.  An  im- 
pelling cause;  motive.  [F.,  <~L.instantia,  <inslan(t-)s; 
see  instant.]  Syn.:  see  precedent;  sample. — In'stan-cy, 
re.     1.  Urgency;  solicitation.     2.  Immediateness. 

In'stant,  1  in'stant;  2  In'stant.  I.  a.  1.  Immediately 
impending.  2.  Now  passing;  current;  present;  as,  the 
10th  instant  (that  is,  the  10th  day  of  the  month  now 
passing).  3||.  Eager  and  active;  urgent;  importunate. 
II.  n.  1.  A  particular  point  of  time.  2.  A  very  brief 
portion  of  time;  moment;  second.  [F.,  <  L.  insU'.n(t-)s, 
ppr.  of  insto,  stand  upon.]  Syn.:  see  immediate.— In"stan- 
ta'ne-ous,  a.  1.  Acting  Instantly.  2.  Mech.  Relating  to 
a  particular  Instant,  -ly,  adv.  -ncss, ». — In-stan'lcr,  adv. 
Without  an  Instant  *of  delay.  Syn.:  see  immediately.— 
In'stant-ly,  adv.  1.  On  the  Instant;  Immediately.  2||. 
With  urgency;  insistently.     Syn.:  see  immediately. 

In-State',  1  in-stet';  2  fn-stat',  vt.  [in-stat'ed"1;  in-htat'- 
ing.]    To  place  or  establish  in  an  office  or  rank. 

In  sta'tu  quo,  1  In  ste'tlu  kwO;  2  In  sta'tQ  kw6.  In  Its  former 
condition:  an  abbreviation  of  in  statu  quo  ante  full  (or  ante 
bellum).    [L.] 

In-stau'rate§,  1  ln-sto'rgt;  2  In-sta'rat,  vt.  [-BAT*BD«;  -BAT*- 
ing.]  To  renew;  renovate;  restore.  [<  I...  itutauratus,  pp. 
of  Instauro,  <  in,  In,  +  'stauro,  set  up.)  —  In"stau-ra'- 
tlon,  re. 

In-stead',  1  in-sted';  2  In-steel',  adv.  In  place  or  room  ;  as, 
a  friend  instead  of  a  foe. 

In-stcep'{,  vt.    To  steep  or  soak. 

In 'step,  1  in'step;  2  In'stSp,  re.  1.  The  arched  upper  part 
of  the  human  foot.    2.  The  front  part,  of  t  In-  hind  leg  of 


a  horse.  3.  That  part  of  a  shoe  or  of  a  stocking  that 
covers  the  instep. 

in'sti-gate,  1  in'sti-get;  2  In'sti-gat,  vt  [-GAr"EDd;  -gat"- 
ing.]  1.  To  bring  about  by  inciting.  2.  To  stimulate 
or  goad  to  an  action,  especially  a  bad  action.  [  <  L 
instigo,  <  ire,  on,  -f  *stigo.  gi 

Syn.:  see  abet:  encourage:  influence;  spur-  stir 
— in"sti-ga'tion,  n.~ ln's(i-ga"tor, n. 

in-stil',  1  in-stil';  2  In-stil',  vt.  [ix-stilled',  ix-stild'8; 
in-stil'ling.]  1.  To  inculcate  gradually,  as  if  drop  by 
drop.  2.  To  pour  in  by  drops.  [  <  I..1''  ,„,  in,  -f  g^'fta 
drop]  in-still'J.— in"stll-la'tlon,  In-stil 'ment.  In- 
still'ment,  n. 

ill-stinet',  1  in-stinkt';  2  In-stlnct',  „.  Animated  from 
within;  moved  by  inward  impulse;  alive:  usually  fol- 
lowed by  with.     [<  L.  in,  in,  +  stiiiauo,  prick.] 

in'stinet,  1  in'stinkt;  2  In'stinct.  n.  1.  A  natural  impulse 
or  propensity  that  incites  animals  (including  man)  to 
the  actions  that  are  essential  to  their  existence  and  de- 
velopment; animal  sagacity.  2.  A  natural  or  acquired 
aptitude. 

Syn.:  intellect,  intelligence.  The  instinct  of  animals  Is 
now  held  by  many  philosophers  to  be  of  the  same  nature  as 
the  Intellect  of  man.  but  inferior  and  limited:  yet  the  appar- 
ent difference  is  very  great,  as  is  well  indicated  by  Paley 
(Nat.  Philos.  ch.  18):  "An  instinct  Is  a  propensity  prior  to 
experience  and  independent  of  Instruction."  In  this  sense 
we  speak  also  of  human  instincts.     See  mind. 

— In-stlnc'tiv(e«,  «.  Of  the  nature  of  Instinct:  spon- 
taneous. Syn.:  see  spontaneous.— In-stlnc'tlvU'-ly*,  In- 
stinct'ly,  adv. 

in'stl-ttlte,  1  in'sti-tifit;  2  In'sti-tOt,  vt.  [-Tii'iivi; 
^tut"ing.]  1.  To  establish  or  set  up;  found.  2.  To  set 
in  operation.    3.  To  appoint  to  office. 

Syn.:  appoint,  begin,  commence,  erect,  establish,  found, 
ordain,  organize,  originate,  set  up,  start.-  Ant.:  see  synonyms 
for  abolish. 

in'sti-tllte,  n.  1.  An  institution,  as  of  learning.  2.  pi. 
Fundamental  principles,  as  of  law.  3.  An  established 
principal  or  order.  [<  L.  in,  in,  -f-  statu",  set  up] — 
In"stl-tu'tion,  re.  1.  Thai  which  Is  Instituted:  an  estab- 
lished order.  2.  A  corporate  body,  or  the  building  occupied 
by  it.  3.  The  act  of  instituting  in"stl-tii'tion-al.  .;. 
ln"st!-tu'tlon-a-ryt.— In'sti-tu"tl\  (»■«,  a.  1.  Tending 
or  Intended  to  institute  or  establish.  2.  Established  bj 
authority;   instituted.     ln'stl-tu"tor,  re. 

Instr.,  abbr.    Instrument.  Instrumental. 

In-Struct'd,  1  in-strukt';  2  fn-struct',  vt.  1.  To  imparl 
knowledge  or  skill  to;  educate.  2.  To  give  order!  or 
directions  to.  [<  L.  in.  In,  4-  struo,  build. ]  Syn.:  see  in- 
form; learn;  TEACH.  — lii-struc'(ion,  n.  1.  The  an  of 
Instructing;  teaching.  2.  Imparted  knowledge.  S.  Theacl 
of  giving  directions;  a  direction  or  order.  Syn.:  Bee  I  m  - 
cation;  learning;  nurture;  order.  Iii-striic'tlon-al.  n 
— In-struc'tlv(e8,  </.  Fitted  to  Instruct;  conveying  knowl- 
edge, -ly,  adv.  -ncss,  n.  -In-struc'tor,  n.  One 
who  Instructs;  a  teacher.  In-s(ruct  'erj.  In-struc'tress, 
n.  fern. 

In'strii-iiiciit,  1  in'stru-ment  or -ment;  2  In'stru-ment,  n. 

1.  A  means  by  which  work  is  done;  an  implement,  tool, 

or  mechanism  for  scientific  or  professional  purpo 
for  the  product  ion  of  musical  Bounds.    2.  Apei  oi 

the  will  of  another.  3.  A  legal  writing,  as  a  contract, 
deed,  ete.  [F.,  <  L.  illstru  in,  lit  U  m ,  <  instill, >;  see  IN- 
STRUCT.]   Syn.:  see  miknt;  RECORD;  TOO! 

— In"strii-men'tal,  a.  1.  Helpful.  2.  Fitted  for  or  pro- 
duced by  musical  Instruments.   3.  Traceable  to  a  mechanical 

Instrument,    as  errors   In   an   Observation       "ly(    ■'  •""- 

Btru-men-tal'1-ty,  re.  [-ties',  pi  I  I.  The  condition  ol 
being  Instrumental.  2.  Thai  which  is  Instrumental  ln"- 
stru-men-ta'tlon,  n.  i.  \fiu  (1)  The  act  or  ari  ol  ar- 
ranging musical  compositions  for  performance  b]  Instru- 
ments. <->  i  he  ii  <■  or  an  Instrument 
peculiar  effects.  8.  The  aol  of  using  Instruni 
sion    :i.  Instrumentality;  a 

In-siiffer-a-blie',  a.    Not  to  be  endured;  inl 
In-siif'fer-a-bly,  adv. 

In'su-lar,   1    i  tn'sii- 

lar,  a.      Pertaining  to  an  i  I 

and;  hence,  isolated  ;    QalTOW  : 

contracted.      ( <     L 

Island!   -      ln"su-lar'l-ty,       n. 

Narrowness  or  llllbcralll  y.      Ill'- 
sii-lar-lsm!.        In 'sii-l.ilc, 

[-l.AT"Ki)'i;      -i.at'ini;  |        I.     TO 
place    In    a    dclncliei!  sl.il> 

late,    ''■■  i- in    To  Beparate  from  in  u] 

other  conducting  Hi 

non  •  conduct  ing    subsl 
ln"sii-la'tlon,   n        I.    I  i 

of    Insulating:  Isolation      2.    I  he  BCl   Of  BUITOUI 

with  non«conductoi       '■  laterlal  used  m  Insulating. 


For  words  In  in-  not  given  above  sec  in-2,  prefix,  page   106. 


lllslllt 

lu(<  I 


i         i       ,,  full  role;  bat,  bOra; 

.it         .. r.'i> 


iii-^n  i 


p«-T-»-M    .  -II.   •- 
l-|T.  --    I-M 

«l. 
In«ur  . 
Iii-^ur  .in.  . 


Ill-la   II. <n    . 


Iii  —  1 1    p.  r-i-lill   My,  In-ii   - 

i--u    ,.-  r-  .-I.I.. 

In  »up-prc*'- 


ln-*ure  . 

I         i 


I . 

'. 
S.  n  paid 

I 

:s--i  it'i\i.  j 

II-        I  ■  i  take  or  effect  insurance. 


ln--ur  a-hl  e' .  In-SUrcd 

I 

! 

in--ur  it.  .:  whirh  Insures;  an  under- 


1 1 1  —  1 1  r  BCati  I 

in  an  . 
Snu  set 


I.  prising 

II.  i  joins 

I    .  -    I  .  n-.  ] 

In-Mir  \-i  in  .  .  In  —  ur  'gen-C)  : . 

r- mount  a-ble,  -  ur-maunt'e-bl;    2    In'sar- 

in    -iir-iin.uiil  .i-M   ,  J  i 

.  insuperable. 
In ~-u r- ii ii.u ii I  'ft-blj  .  adv. 

In'Mir-r.i    null.   .  g  [n'su-reVshon,  n. 

'  mment. 

in  en<  my.    !  •     II 

In'  >ur-n  i    iluii-.il.    ln"Mir-r<i'tloii-a-r>, 
in    -ur-r.  .    tlon-Ut, 

va-swathe',  r,  intransitive. 

inal,  ln- 
in-i.ii  i  .  r  unim- 

uob.] — 

lll-lj,  I  "n.  --. 

In-ta'gno.  .  b-tal'yo. 

ut.  |It  ] 

In'talte  .  1.  That  which  is  taken 

.-  for  water;  also,  the  eur- 

lii-lan'gl-lil,  ji-bl;  2  In-tiiii't'i-bl.  a.     \ 

iii-i  in  gt-bl  .  ppreci- 

ni-i.iir-i-hiri-t),   in-i.ni vi- 

bl  e-ne»t  .  In-tan  icl-i>l>  . 

1.  A  whole     '.'.    \ 

in  tc-rral.     I.  l  impli  ted 

■i  essential  part  of  u  whok 

liiT.-itr.ini :.     :t.  Math. 
i  II.  n. 

<  !.  A  matbematli  i!  function  of 

viftv  -|j,  In'te-gratc, 

II  bole;  five 

the  sum  total  of.     ;  ;,:  .,r     g.  To 

II. 
In    i.  -gr  ,   Hon,         l 
the  *  "  !.   Math.  'I  he 

■  -     •         '  .-.••  ••  .• 

rt-tjr,  1.  Upright- 

■ 

WORTH. 

ll-IIHTll.     . 

akin  of  an  animal,  coat  of  a  seel,  ett      [<  J.  in,  upon,  -+- 
two,  cover.) 


in  t.  l-l.  .  i.  I.Thcfai  nli\  ..( 

".'.  hi.  I 
t. 

i        i  ption, 

riding. 

the  mental 

il  the  will,  Un' 

mod 

in  i  in. .Hi. n  Mini   voli- 
tion i    ..ii   VM.nl   ol    • 

■' 

ln"l,-l-lrr'Mon.         I  o  of  the  Intellect;  thought, 

lli"l<  l-lii  '111    i    .  In'lrl-I,  ,•  Tii-.iI.  I.I. 

Ing  to  tho  Ini,  Hi -i  i.  il.  .  i  ..i   in- 

liili-llliilirr 

wis.  wisi       ln"irl-liT'lu-.il-l  in.  bevo 

ii. .ii  to  Intellectual  occupation;  Intellectual  quallt)  oi  power; 
Intolli  Intellect 

arooi  In'  tel-lec  'tu-al-lst . 

in-ii  i-ii  iTu-.ii  i-n  .  I.  Tho  quality  or 

ol  being  Intellectual  ol  Intellectual  r 

endowment  tlngulahcd   lor  Intellectual 

qualltli        in"tri-iri-'tu-.ii-i> .  the  In- 

tellect; in  :i  manner  evincing  Intellect 
In-tt-ril-gi'llt.  1  iii-i.  I'l-j.-iil  ;  2 !  In-tel  I.    D 

-lull  for  or  marked  bj  intelligence;  di  icerning,    'i. 
wed  with  it  oning.    [F.,   <  L.  intelli- 

Ightod, 
clever,  discerning,  educated,  Instructed,  keen<  lighted,  know- 
ing,   long*beadcd,    quick-sighted,    Hcnslblc, 
sharp-witted,  shrewd,  well-Informed,    Bee  bright;  clever; 

KN.iUlN.;.    SMT  \.   i.  onj  MIS    fur    II,- 

NOR (\i 

In-tel  11-gence,  n      I.  Eleadlness  of  comprehension; 
mental  :ii>iniy.    'i.  Information  acquired  ur  communicated; 

:t.  Mutual  understanding      4.    \n  Intelligent 
Syn 

i  \nii;-ii\ni\i;.     In-tel  11-genc-er,  fi      I  messenger;  spy. 
Iii-i,  I  li-KiTH-liiic.  a.     v  oger. — 

Iii-icl"ll-geirti;il5,  a.    i.i  Zeroising  or  obaractei 
Intelligence;  rational     '.'.  I  onveylng  Intelligence.     ln-tel'- 
ll-gent-ly,  iii-t<-i"ii-Ki-iiiri-i>.  n  In-tel  11-gl-Dl  .- 

ness'i.     lii-tel'll-Kl-iiliei ,  a.     Capable  ol  being  under- 
Syn.:  see  clear;  plain     in-terii-gi-biy,  adv. 
iii-lein 'per-ale,    1    in-tem'per-tt;    L!    [n-tem per-at,    o. 
I  ...l  by  lack  of  moderation;  ex«     ive,  espe- 

cially in  the  use  of  alcoholic  drinks  -ly,  adv.  -neS8»  n. 
— Iii-trm  'per-ance,  •  I.  i  ick  of  temperance  or  modera- 
tion;! lally  In  the  use  of  alcoholic  drinks.  '.  \n 
Intemperate  act;  an  excess.  Svn.:  see  i  •- 
In- tend 'd,  1  in-t*  nd':  2  fa-ti  nd',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  si 
mind  upon  as  something  to  be  done;  purpose;  design.  '£. 
ifj  :i  .  I ..  h\  in  a  tendency  or  course;  direct. 
4f.  To  pretend.    Q.».   To  have  an  intention;  mean.   |< 

.1,     ..I- 
— lii-ten 'dance,  n     Busuiess  management  or  superinten- 
dence    In-ten'dan-cy,  i      l.Thei  alnten- 
dant    'i.  \i>                                let  In  Spanish*  America    in- 
ten'd  n-cyt.     In-ten'dant,n     I.  a.  superintendent; pro- 
I  admuustrator,  as  under  the  Bourbons  Id  i  ranee    'i.  \ 
in  district  administrator  or  treasurer.    In- 
ten'denl   ;  ln"ten-den'tet  [Sp.J     Syn    see  superinten- 
i  i  i- i  i- n  I'ed.I.;  •  Made  the  object  of  design orlntent; 
designed  colloquially,  betrothed    D.  who  la 
betrothed.     In-tend'er,n.    In-teiid'iiient  ■,«.  [nb 
ln-teiri-i)le+,  a.    That  i"in  not  bold  or  eontaln;  untenable 
In- tense'.  1  in-tens';2In-tfins',  o:     Strained  or  exerted  to 
a  high  degree;  putting  forth  strenuous  effort;  extreme. 
i,  r.  1 1  -.i.  i 
Syn.:  sec  ardeni  ;  e  m>er;  \  ioli  m  .  vn  n> 
In- tensely,            Ln- tense 'n  ess,         In-ten'sl-fy, 
i  rno.]    To  make  or  become  Inb 

i       In— 

ten  'slon,  n  tranung  or  stretching;  Inten 

ln-ten 'sl-t>,  n.     The  state  of  being  Intense;  amount  orde- 

'  force  or  eni  u   i  iolencb; 

warmth      In-ten'sli  e*,o,    1.  Serving  to  intensify;  iiior- 

ougb,    1.   Aijric.   Pertaining  to  the  tillage  of  land  by  much 

labor  on:  (  e.  -Ij  .  adt 

ln-tent',lin-tent';2ln-t*nt'     I.  a     1.1  the  mind 

tly  bent  or  fixed;  attentive.    2.  Firmly,  con  bant- 

ly,  oi  directed      l\.  i    I.Thai  which  isde- 

d; intention;  meaning;  ai  Z.Law.  (1) 

•    ol  mind  in  which  or  the  purpose  ui'li  which 

one  does  an  act.    (2)  The  character  tb  imputes 

to  --Hi  act.  I  -  '    "-.  Syn.: 

.  i  m.i.i'.,  [noun  tee  mm   pi  •■'  kpose. 

In- 1  in  '■  Ion.  n      1.  A   settled  direction  of  the  mind  w- 

2.  A  purpose  conceived. 


w.iril  i  In-  doing  of  a  certain  act 
For  words  In  u,-  not  given  above  see  in-2,  prefix,  page  406. 


1:»  =  final;    i=hablt^   aisle;    an  =  out;    eil:    lu  =  fVud;    cliin;    go;    Q  =  8ing;   fhin,   this.  insult 

421      2:  wolf,  lift;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    bOrn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.      Interject 


3.  Law.  An  intelligent  purpose  to  do  a  criminal  act.  4. 
Surg.  Natural  course,  operation,  or  process.  Syn.:  see  aim; 
design;  purpose. — in-ten'tion-al,  a.  Done  with  Intention; 
designed,    -ly,  adv.— in-tent'ly,  ado. — in-tent'ness,  n. 

In-tcn'tiveti  a.  1.  Attentive;  intent.  2.  Requiring  atten- 
tion.— in-ten'tive-Iyt,  adv.— in-ten'tlve-nesst,  n. 

in-ter',  1  in-tur';  2  in-ter',  vt.  [in-terred',  in-terd's; 
in-ter'ring.]  To  place  in  a  grave  or  tomb,  as  a  corpse; 
bury.  [  <  F.  enterrer,  <  L.  in,  into,  +  terra,  earth.] 
Syn.:  see  bury;  hide. 

In'ter-,  1  in'tar-;  2  in'ter-,  prefix.  Between;  together;  among. 
[<  L.  inter,  between,  <  in,  in,  +  compar.  sufflx  -tcr.]  A 
very  large  number  of  words  beginning  with  inter-  are  self= 
explaining  or  readily  understood  by  combining  the  meaning 
of  inter-  with  that  of  the  second  element  of  the  compound, 
as  in  the  following  list.  Those  that  require  to  be  specially 
noted  will  be  found  in  vocabulary  place. 

in"ter-de-pen'dent    in'ter-node 


in"ter-act' 

in"ter-ac'tion 

ln"ter-a'gent 

in"ter-an'i-mate 

in"t(T-blend' 

in"ter-brach'i-al 

in"ter-breed' 

in"ter-ca-rot'id 

in"ter-car'pal 

in"ter-car"ti-lag'i- 

nous 
in"ter-cel'lu-lar 
in"ter-chain' 
m"ter-elav'i-cle 

in"ter-cla-vic'u-lar   in'ter-growth" 
in"ter-col-le'gi-ate    in"ter-ja'cence 
ln"ter-co-lo'ni-al 
in"ter-com-mu'ni- 

cate 
in"ter-com-mu'ni- 

ty 
in"ter-com-p!ex'i- 

ty 
ln"ter-con-nect' 
in"ter-con-nec'tion   in"ter-lap' 
ln"ter-con"ti-nen'-    in"ter-lay' 

tal 
in"ter-con-ver'sion 
in"ter-con-vert'i- 


in"ter-dif-fuse' 

in"ter-dif-fu'sion 

ln"ter-dig'i-tal 

in"ter-fem'o-ral 

in"ter-fl'brous 

in"ter-fold' 

in-ter'flu-ent 

in"ter-fric'tion 

in"  ter-f  ul'gent 

in"ter-fuse' 

in"ter-fu'sion 

In"  ter-glan'du-lar 

ln"ter-glob'u-lar 


in"ter-ja'eent 
in"ter-join' 
in"ter-junc'tion 
in"ter-knit' 
in"ter-knot' 
in"ter-lam'i-nar 
in"ter-lam"i-na' 
tion 


in"ter-o"ce-an'ic 

in"ter-oc'u-lar 

in"ter-or'bit-al 

in"ter-pen'e-trate 

in'ter-place' 

in"ter-plan'e-ta-ry 

in"ter-play' 

in"ter-po'lar 

in"ter-ra'cial 

in"ter-ra'di-al 

in"ter-re-ceive' 

in"ter-re-lat'ed 

in"ter-re-Ia'tion 

in"ter-rule' 

in'ter-scene' 

in"ter-so'cial 

in"ter-so'nant 

in'ter-speech" 

in"ter-stel'lar 

in"ter-strat'i-fy 

in'ter-tan'gle 

in"ter-ter"ri-to'ri- 

al 
in"ter-traf'flc 
in"ter-tri'bal 
ln"ter-trop'i-cal 
in"ter-tu'bu-lar 
in"ter-twine' 
ln"ter-twist/ 
in"ter-u'nion 


in"  ter-1  ig"a-men'- 

tous 
in"tcr-link' 
ble  in"ter-lock' 

in"ter-cross'  ln"ter-mi-gra'tion 

in"ter-cur'rent  in"ter-mo-lec'u-lar  in"ter-u"nl-ver'sl- 

ln"ter-de-nom"l-        in"ter-mon'tane  ty 

na'tion-al  in"ter-mun'dane       in"ter-wind' 

in"ter-de-pen'dence  in"ter-mu'ral  ln"ter-WTeathe' 

In-ter 'ca-late,  1  in-tur'ka-let;  2  m-ter'ca-lat,  vt.  J-lat"- 
EDd;  -lat"inq.]  1.  To  insert  or  interpolate,  especially  in 
an  irregular  manner.  2.  To  introduce  into  the  calendar. 
[<  L.  inter  (see  inter-)  +  calo,  call.]  —  In-ter'ca-la-ry,  n . 
1.  Added  to  the  calendar.  2.  Containing  an  added  day.  3. 
Interposed;  inserted. — In-tcr"ea-la'tlon,  n.  1.  The  In- 
sertion of  one  thing  between  other  things,  especially  in  an 
irregular  manner.  2.  An  insertion  of  a  day  or  days  in  the 
calendar. 

in"ter-ecde%  1  in"tar-sld';  2  m"ter-ccd',  vi.  [-CED'EDd; 
-ced'ing.]  To  mediate  between  persons;  make  interces- 
sion; plead:  with /or.  [<  L.  iutir  (si.-  i\ti:k-j  )  cetln, 
go.]  Syn.:  see  interpose. — In"ter-ce'doiit§,  a.  Going  or 
passing  between;  also,  mediating.—  in"ter-ce'dent-ly,<w/r. 
— In"ter-ccd 'er,  n.  An  intercessor. 

in'^er-cept''1,  1  in"tar-sept';  2  In"tSr-c2pt',  vt.  To 
prevent  from  reaching  a  destination;  interrupt  the 
course  of;  stop.  [<  L.  inter,  between,  +  capio,  take] 
Syn.:  see  interpose;  shut.-  In'^er-ccp'tlon,  «.—  In"ter- 
cep'tlvU'B,  a.— in"(er-ccp'ior,  n.    In"ter-ce»t'erj. 

in"ter-ccs'slon,  1  in'tar-se^h'an;  2  In"tSr-cesh'on,  n.  1. 
The  act  of  interceding  between  per  ons;  entreaty  in 
behalf  of  others.  2.  Liturg.  A  prayer,  or  series  <>f 
prayers,  for  persons  of  differi  til  conditions.  [<  I..  in- 
lercessio,  <  intcreedo;  sec  INTERCEDE  I  ln"tcr-ccs'sor,  n. 
One  who  Intercedes;  a  mediator.     ln"ler-rcs'so-rj,  <t. 

In"ter-changc',  1  in'tar-chSnj';  2  fn"t8r-chang,l  vt.  &  vi. 
To  put  each  of  two  things  in  the  place  oi  the  other;  re- 
ceive and  return  reciprocally;  alternate.-  in'ler- 
change",  n.  1.  Exchange.  2.  Alternation.  inter- 
change'mentt.  Syn.:  see  intercourse.  In"ter-ehange'- 
a-bl(<"',  a.  —  In"ter-cliangc'a-lil'e-ncssel  n .  In"tcr- 
change"a-bll'l-tyt.-   lii"ter-<,liaiiKc'a-bly,  adv. 

ln"tpr-clp'I-ent,  1  In'tsr-sir/i-ent;  "  In'tSi  clp'l-6nt.  I-  " 
Intercepting; stopping.   II.  n.   Onewhoorthai  which  Inter 

cepts.     [<    I.,  lull  rii  plena  ■)■:,  ppr.  of  inlirrlplo',   See  INTER- 
CEPT ] 

ln"ter-clude',  1  In'tar-klfld';  2  In'tSr-elud',  vt.  H  mjd'ed*; 
-CLTnViNG.]  To  shut  out;  cutoff;  Intercept  [•  L  tnlercludo, 
<  inter  (see  inter-)  +  claudo,  close  I     ln"lcr-clnMnii,  n. 

For  words  in  in-  not  iriven  above  see  i  . 


ln"ter-co-lum"nl-a'tion,  1  in'tar-ko-lum'm-e'Shen;  2  In'- 
ter-co-lum"ni-a'shon,  n.  Arch.  The  space  or  method  of 
spacing  between  columns.  [<  L.  Intereolumnium,  <  inter 
(see  inter-)  +  columna,  column.)— ln"ter-co-lum'nar,  a 
Placed  between  columns. 

in"ter-com-mune',  1  in'tar-ka-mifln':  2  In"ter-co-mQn',  r. 

I.  t.  Scot.  Hist.  To  denounce  for  communing  with  rebels. 

II.  /.    To  hold  mutual  intercourse;  commune  together 
in"ter-cos'tal,  1  in'ter-kes'tel;  2  m"ter-eos'tal.     I.  o. 

Being  or  occurring  between  the  ribs.  II.  n.  An  inter- 
costal muscle. 

in'ter-course,  1  in'tar-kors;  2  m'ter-cors,  n.  1.  Mutual 
exchange;  commerce;  communication.  2.  The  inter- 
change of  ideas.  [  <  L.OF  inter,  between,  +  rurro,  run.] 
Syn.:  association,  commerce,  communication,  communion, 
connection,  conversation,  converse,  correspondence,  dealing, 
exchange,  fellowship,  interchange.  Intercommunication,  in- 
tercommunion, reciprocation,  reciprocity.  See  CONVERSA- 
TION.—  Ant.:  alienation,  avoidance,  boycotting,  deserting,  es- 
trangement, forsaking,  ostracism,  reserve,  reticence, 

in"tcr-dict',  1  in"tar-dikt';  2  In"ter-dict'.  Id.  it.  1.  To 
prohibit  or  restrain  authoritatively.  2.  Keel.  To  ex- 
clude from  religious  privileges.  II.  1  in'tar-dikt ;  2  in'- 
ter-dlct,  n.  1.  A  prohibitive  order;  ban.  2.  H.  C.  Ch, 
A  ban  formally  declared  by  the  Pope,  forbidding  the 
clergy  to  perform  religious  services  or  administer  the 
sacraments  under  certain  circumstances.  [<  L.  int,r 
(see  inter-)  +  dico,  say.]  Syn.:  see  prohibit.  ln"ter-dic'- 
tion,  n.  Official  prohibition.— In"ter-dlc'tlv(i'«,  a.  -ly, 
•■adv.— ln"ter-dlc'to-ry,  a.    Interdicting. 

in'ter-est,  1  in'tar-est;  2  In'ter-est.    Id.  vt.    1.  To  awaken 
the  interest  of.    2.  To  induce  to  participate  in.    3.  Orig- 
inally, to  be  of  advantage  to.     [OF.,   <  L.  inU 
concerns.]    in'ter-esst. 

Syn.:  amuse,  attract,  concern,  engage,  entertain,  excite. 
hold,  import,  matter,  occupy.  Jntinsl  is  used  absolutely 
without  a  preposition,  and  with  or  without  other  qualifica- 
tion; import  is  now  commonly  used  with  a  preposition  and 
with  some  word  or  phrase  indicating  measure  or  estimate  of 
value;  as,  it  imports  much  to  me;  what  does  that  ImpOTtt  It 
much  imports  me  Is  a  frequent  literary  form.  A  matter  may 
interest  one  financially  or  intellectually;  In  the  former  sense 
the  noun  is  very  commonly  used;  as,  it  is  of  Inttr.st  to  me. 
See  amuse;  concern;  entertain. — Ant.:  bore,  disturb, 
fatigue,  tire,  weary,  worry. 

— In'ter-es(-ed,  pa.  i.  Having  the  attention  attracted 
or  the  feelings  engaged.  2.  Biased.  3.  Being  a  part-owner. 
— In'ter-est-Ing,  pa.  Possessing  or  exciting  Interest; 
attractive. 

in'ter-est,  n.  1.  Attention  with  a  sense  of  concern; 
loosely,  lively  sympathy  or  curiosity.  2.  That  which  is 
of  advantage  or  profit;  benefit.  3.  Payment  [or  the  use 
of  money,  or  money  so  paid.  4.  Figuratively,  some- 
thing added  in  making  a  return.    5.  Proprietary  right  or 

share.  C.  The  persons  interested  in  some  department  oi 
work  or  business.  7.  Power  to  procure  favorable  regard  ; 
influence,  s.  Selfish  consideration;  private  advantage. 
in"ter-fere',  1  in"tar-fir';  2  m'tSr-fer',  vi.  [-fered'j 
-eeb'ing.]  1>  To  enter  into  or  take  part  in  the  concerna  of 
others,  especially  to  prevent  some  action.    2.  To  happen 

as  an  obstacle;  intervene.  3.  To  come  into  mutual  con- 
flict; clash.     4.  To  strike  a  shoe  or  ho 

lock  of  I  he  opposite  leg:  stud  of  horses,  ft.    /■  I 

obstruct  improperly  the  course  oi  a  base«runnei  between 
bases.  [<  jj.r  inter,  between,  +/etro,  strike.]  Syn 
iKitiMsio.  ln"t«T-fcr'cnce,  ;/.  1.  The  act  ol  Interfering; 
conflict;  collision.  2.  Phj/s.Sd.  The  aotlon  o(  two  vibratory 
motions  or  effects  that  tend  to  neutralise  or  to  augment  each 
oiher.  3.  The  conflict  created  b;  an  application  (or  a  patent, 
covering,  wholly  or  partly,  an]  pending  application  or  t \- 

pired  patent.     Hyn.:    I  1 1]  I  III   '  ■ 

In-ter 'ga-to-ryt, n,   Anlntei 

ln"tcr-gla'«lal,  l  In'tar-glfi'shal  <<r  -glas'i-Bl;  :.'  in'tfr-gia' 
siuvi  or  -giac'i-ai,  a.  >.<•'!  Pertaining  to  the  interval  between 
pei  lods  oi  com  Inental  glaolat  ion 

in'ter-im,  i  in'tar-imj  l:  In'tSi  (m,  n      \n  intermediate 

season;  linn1  between  periods      I  I     1 

in-te'rl-or,  1  in-tt'n-er  or  -er;  2  I.  o.    I.  Ei 

i.siing  or  oc(  ui  i  "<;■  withii thini   or  bol  ween  limits; 

internal.    2.  Pertaii  i  within     3.  Inland 

1.    I  tron    Hat  ">>■  i I"i  within  tie   i  at  th'i     II-  n 

I.  'i  be  irnaJ  pari  '-'-  1  b(   inland  oi  central 

,  .,i  g  ,,,.,, in  I      S.   '/'A. ni    \  painted  sec r  drop 

repre  enting  thi  inside  ol  i  d ■■  ■  ling,  ei  ••  i  be  'lo- 
rn, tii  OF.,  <  L. 
i„i.  rior,  compar  of  i  - 

IllterJ.,  ilMir.       Int.  i  [eel  lOD 

ln"ter-Ject'd,  1  in*ter-jel  ' 

ii,i,,....  ii,  twi  en  "tie ,  i  r,  between,    I 

throw  |     ln"tcr-|i<   Hon.  n      I.   rhe  part  of  spocoh 

thai  expresses  sudden  emotion.  .  le  .  ai  Obi  ala.-l     ','.    I  lie  ael 


,  prefix,  imgo  400. 


Intoili 


i         i       ..■        .  |      ..    .-.      ii     ri       •  "    r.oni, 
i         .       .         .  .  .  iii  i         ,  ii  not,  5r,  «on.    i'i'i 


In    (•  r-l  ir.1 


in    I.  Mope 


In    I.  Mop 


ln"t.  r-lu 


I" 


il    I.  r-l.    ,1     . 

.Ill  lo lis 
I  - 

;  prinl  in  : « 1 1 ■  r- 

.  r-lm    ,  -  ir. 

In    i.r-lluc- 

-    I     I  lull.  I 

. 

I 

iii    icr-liM   u-tor,        i  'in-  wlm 
r\  .  I  pertaining   to 

n  not  tinal. 

:.>.'  to  otbi  i  -. 

I .  11  into  a  place 

.  trade  legally 

I     ■  ■ 

lion  eon- 

■   ■ 
tanzas,  etc.    (  <  L."'      •■  ■ .  In  n 


2   ln'ter-lu'nar.   a 
Pwt..  in  each 

•  ■\\  int;  to  her 
In    I.  r-lu    ii  i-rv     . 

I;  2   In'ter-mar'ag.   n.     1. 
fferent  famll  • 

In "i.r-in.ir  r> . 

In   i.  r-iin  il  'die,  I  II;  2  In*tSr-i 

in   i.r-iu.i|  I  .  luly  in  the  affairs  of  others. 

in "i.  r-iin  .1  'dler,  n. 
In'  t ••  r - 1 1 1 .   .ii-.ii.  .  2  to"t8r-m8'di-all  a. 

[<"  L.  inU  n 
.  middle.] 

In   i.  r-iin-  (|i-.i-r> .    I.  .-inn.',  or  occurring 

II.  I  .'•- agent  or  nii'iliuii.. 

in '  i.  r-ni.    .li-.ii.'.    .  ['di-«t;  2  In'ter-mCdi-al 

I  II.         Being  in  a 

In    '•'-in.    di-.ii.-h.  In'  ler-iin"dl-a  '- 

•  oi  Interring:  burial. 


In-l.  r  'meiit 
In    !•  r - 1 r i .  /   / 


in-ii-r 'ml  ns  Mr.  i 

In-i.r  iiii-ii.i-lil   .  i 


.    In-ter'mcnt 

r-meoyso,  n.    [-zi.  l 

move- 
bnportant  compo- 

\TZ] 

-ne-bl;  2  [n-teVmi-na-bl, 
no  limit  or  end;  continu- 
es si  I  ii'-Ai.; 

In-ti  r    liii-n  i-hl>  ,  ndt 
In    l.r-min\'l  e   .  ••  thi  r;  mix 

Int.  r-nill  '.  .  <t  ri.     [-mit'- 

rilj    interru] 

In'l.  r-ml-   -Ion.  I  on;    Inter- 

in    i.-r-ml-  'nil    •  ■    . 
In"ier-mli  'tenre,     u         In"ter- 
rnli   t»-ri.f>  :.      I  ji  "t .  r-  ri  1 1 1  '  1 .  ri  I .  •..■    per 

lnl.riiilll.nl     <iirr.nl.     /    ..        \n    Intcr- 

ln"l.r-mil  '- 

l'  m-i  In'  l.r-mll'ture,  n, 

In'l.  r-im  i     . 

us-ten  I  sa  par- 

tlCU.  II 

Ii  01  iii  a 
Fur    word      in    .  ".,i    B^TCB   ulMHe   -fiv 


unictm  or  physician     |>     V    1'iirr- 
D  in  1 1  ii    1     lii-l<-rii'- 
iii.  ni 
in-ii  r  ii  ii.  '  oal,  .i     1.  Situated  In  the 

d<  rived  from  the  In- 

;  ..n  i In-  thii  I.   I',  i ininlng  to  the 

oi  the  mind      -4.  Pertaining  to  the  interior 

iniii  iii  n  i       Iii- t<-r~nal- 

> -bui  n.'ii.  .ir  i.r  pertaining  to  an  engine 

erg)  la  produced  bj  burning  or  exploding 

Iture  of   air   an. I    fu.  I  .         Ill- 

i.rn.ii  rrM-iiiir.  oaUonsJ  revenue  derived  from  .i 

ind  si"-. :lal  taxes     in-tcr'nal-l), 

the  Interior 

in  dr-ii.i  i nni-.li.  |  lah'on- 

i  ing  to  two  oi  mi  ire  nal  iorut;  affect  ing  n  . 

-l>.  In' Irr-ii.i'lliiii-al-lMii.  n. 

In 'tcr-iia '(liui-al-1-.t.   >i       In' t. t-ii.i   I  l.ni-al-l/e,  it 

In    lir-in'i  Inr.  I   1    in    tSI    at'  in     L'  In    i'  i    n.    ..in.  .i       1  ii- 

In  "iit-iic'cIm '.  i  volving  nuiiiial  slaughter;     inguinarj 

i    inter,  amoni  ln"ter»ne'cli  esj. 

in  irr  ii i in.  i  In'tar  nos:  2  In'ter  nos     Between  ourselves    |i.  1 
in  iir-niin 'ii-n.  i  in'ter-nun'Shi  ... :.'  in'ter  oQn'shl-o,  n.    A 
papal  minister  at  minor  courts,     [it  .   •     l.    Internuneiui, 

nuntiut,    se  m  n.  in  ) 

In'l.  r-nun'rl-iis: .      In't.  r-nun.  lal,  ,; 
ln"lcr-pcl  late,  1   r  I   LA  i  -1  i'. 

-iM-iN..  ]    To  Interrogate  peremptorily,  a*  In  a  deliberative 
i    inta  (see  iniiii  i    •   polio,  drive.]    ln"- 

t.  r-pi  l-la   (Ion,  n 
ln"t«-r-plrad':,  ]  In'tar-pllil';  2  In't  .r-pl.-.l' .  .1     Law.   To  lit  I— 

gate  adverse  .hums  to  certain  property  by  bin  <if  Inter- 
pleader. ln"ter-plead'er,  n.  Lot  k  proceeding  In  which 
one  »  bo  has  mono]  or  goods  claimed  by  two  or  more  persons 
may  ask  thai  the  claimants  be  raouired  to  Litigate  the  title 

in-lrr  po-lalc,  1  in-l  fir'p..-lri ;  2  In-trr'p.i-lat,  i/  |-i.at"- 
i.n';  -i.at'in..  )  1.  To  insert,  as  new  <.r  unauthorised 
matter,  in  a  writing.  '*.  J".,  interpose,  |<  L,  m/.r, 
between,-|  polio,  polish.]  ln-ter"po-la'tton,  n  ln-ter'- 
pn-la"tor,  n.     ln-ler'po-lat"«Tt. 

Inrter^pose'.  1  tn"ter-pfis/;  L'  (n'tfir-pSs7,  ».  J-pored';; 
in..,]  1. 1.  To  place  between  or  in  themidsl  of,  es- 
pecially as  a  means  "t  obstruction  or  mediation  II.  i 
1.  Td  come  between  other  tliim.'-.  or  persons;  intervene, 
■J.  To  iiiak.-  an  interrupting  remark.  I  <  F.  interposcr, 
<  inter  (see  inuu-i    •   poser;  see pobx1,  ».] 

Sni.:  arbitrate,  Intercede,  Intercept,  Interfere,  intrrmed- 
die,  Interrupt,  meddle,  mediate  To  Interpott  is  to  place  or 
a  things  or  persons,  usually  as  a  meanB  of 
action  .>r  prevention  .>f  some  effect  ..r  result  thai  might 
otherwise  occur.  Intereedt  and  tniirpusi  an-  us«i  in  a  k'n.«i 
sense;  IntermeddU  always  in  a  bad  sense,  and  Inter/en  fxe- 
quentl  I        ■    cede  is  to  come  between  persons  who  are 

at  variance,  ami  plead  with  the  stronger  in  behalf  ol  the 
weaker.  One  may  Interpost  with  authority;  he  intereedt  bj 
petition.  To  IntermeddU  is  to  thrust  oneeeli  Into  the  eon- 
oerns  <>f  others  »nii  a  petty  offlclousness;  middling  com- 
in. inly  arises  from  Idle  curiosity;  "every  fool  will  be  med- 
dling," l'rnv.  xx,  :i;  to  intir/ir,  is  to  Intrude  into  others' 
affairs  with  more  serious  purpose,  with  or  without  acknowl- 
edged rik'bt  or  propriety,  Intercept  Is  applied  to  an  object 
that  maj  be  seised  ..r  stopped  while  In  transit;  a.s.  to  Inter- 
;•  tn-r  or  a  messenger;  Interrupt  is  applied  to  an  action 

Which  mlk'lit  or  -huiil.l  lie  eontlriuon   .  but   I     broken  In  upon 

(i..  rumpere,  to  break    bj  some  disturbing  power;  as,  the 

conversation  was  intt  rrupted.    <  ine  who  arbitrau   or  mediaU  ■ 

do  so  bj  the  request  or  al  leas)  with  the  consent  of  the 

contending  parties;  the  other  words  of  the  group  lmplj  that 

'  bis  n'.i  ii  accord.  Ant.:  avoid,  hold  aloof,  hold 
off.  keep  aloof,  keep  awa;.  .  keep  Clear,  keep  OUt,  let  alone, 
let  be,  retire,  stand  aside,  stand  away,  stand  back,  stand  off, 
withdraw       Prep.:    interpose  between  the  combatants;  in 

the  malt.-r. 

ln"ter-po'sat,  n.    Same  as  imtebpobition,  l.— In"- 

ter-pos'er,  n       ln"ter-j)os'lnK-l>  ,  adv. 

iii"tor-po-si'tl<»n,  1  in"t..r-p.,-/ish'.,n;  2  In'ter-po-slsh'- 
«.n.  a.  1.  The  acl  ..f  interposing,  'i.  That  which  is 
interposed.  |<  L.  inlerpoaihofa-),  <  inter,  between, + 
pnnn,  place.] 

ju-ler'pret  I,  1  in-tOr'pr.t;  2  In-ter'pret,  p.     I.  I.    1.  To 

give  the  meaning  of;  explain,    'i.  To  give  illustrative 

representation  ol      -i-  To  eon-true.     4.  'J'o  translate 

orally.     II.  i      To  explain  the  meaning  of  something; 

ii  interpreter.     [<  L.or  inlerpretor,  <  interpres, 

Syn.:  construe,  decipher,  define,  elucidate,  explain,  expll- 
:.  make  clear,  make  out.  render,  translate,  un- 
fold, unravel  ms  for  definition:  soLVi      Ant.: 
■     confound,  darken,  distort,  falsify,  involve,  jumble, 
mingle,   misinterpret,   misread,   misrepresent,   mistake,  mls- 
understand,  mix,  perplex,  snarl  up.     In-ter'pret-a-bKe'', 
ln-ler"pri-ta'tlon,  n      1.   The  act  of  Interpreting.    2. 

;'.   i'r,]'f.  page  406;  inteb-,  prefix,  page  421. 


1: 8=  final;    l  =  habits    aisle:    an  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    r)  =  sing;    fhin     this         Interlace 
423    2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,'   ttlis!     intoxicate 


The  sense  given  by  an  interpreter  or  an  expositor;  meaning. 
3.  Histrionic  or  artistic  representation.     Syn.:  see  defini- 
tion. —  ln-ter'pre-ta"tlv(es,   a.      in-ter'pre-tlv(e8{.  — 
In-ter'pret-er,  n.    One  who  interprets. 
ln"ter-reg'num,  1  in"tar-reg'num;  2  in"ter-reg'num,  n. 

I.  The  time  during  which  a  throne  is  vacant.  2.  A  sus- 
pension of  executive  authority  through  a  change  of  gov- 
ernment. 3.  Any  period  of  abeyance  or  derangement. 
[L.,  <  inter,  between,  +  regnum,  reign.] 

in-ter'ro-gate,  1  in-ter'o-get;  2  in-ter'o-gat,  v.  [-gat*- 
EDd;  -gat"ing.]     I.  t.     To  put  questions  to;  question. 

II.  i.  To  ask  questions.  [  <  L.  inter,  between,  among, 
+  rogo,  ask]    Syn.:  see  examine;  inquire;  question. 

— ln-ter"ro-ga'tion,  n.  1.  The  act  of  interrogating.  2. 
A  query.  3.  A  mark  (?)  indicating  a  question.  in-ter"ro- 
ga'tion  point"; .  Syn.:  see  inquiry;  question.— in"ter- 
rog'a-tiv(es.  I.  a.  Denoting  inquiry;  questioning.  II.  n. 
Gram.  A  word,  as  an  interrogative  pronoun  or  adverb,  used 
to  ask  a  question;  as,  icho?  where?  -ly,  adv. — In-ter'ro- 
ga"tor,  n.  One  who  interrogates. — in"ter-rog'a-to-ry. 
I.  a.  Pertaining  to  a  question.  II.  n.  A  question.  Syn.: 
see  inquiry;  question. 
In"ter-rupt'd,  1  in"ta-rupt';  2  in"te-rupt',  vt.  To  break 
in  upon;  stop  while  in  progress;  check;  hinder;  break  up. 
[<  L.  interruptus,  pp.  of  interrvmpo,  <  inter  (see  inter-)  + 
Tvmpo,  break.]  Syn.:  see  hinder;  interpose;  obstruct; 
suspend. 

— In"ter-rupt'ed,  pa.  Broken  in  upon;  irregular;  inter- 
mittent; in  botany,  suddenly  or  abruptly  stopped. — in"ter- 
rupt'er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  interrupts,  as  an  elec- 
trical device  for  breaking  a  circuit. — in"ter-rup'tion,  n. 

1.  The  act  of  interrupting.  2.  A  breach  in  continuity;  hin- 
drance; stop;  check. 

in"ter-sect'd,  1  in"tar-sekt';  2  in"ter-sect',  vt.  &  vi.  To 
pass  across;  cut  through  or  into.  [<  L.  inter,  between, 
+  seco,  cut.] — ln"ter-sec'tlon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  intersect- 
ing.   2.  A  place  of  crossing. 

in"ter-space  ",  1  in"tar-spes' ;  2  in"ter-spac',  vt.  To  make 
spaces  between,  or  to  occupy  the  intervals  between. 

in'ter-space",  1  in'tar-spes";  2  In'ter-spac",  n.  Inter- 
vening room;  space  between.  [<  LL.  intcrspatium,  < 
L.  inter  (see  inter-)   +  spatitim,  space.] 

in"ter-sperse',  1  in"  tar-spurs';  2  in"ter-spers',  vt. 
[-spersed'1;  -spers'ing.]  1.  To  distribute  scatteringly 
among  other  things.  2.  To  diversify  by  scattering 
objects  upon  or  in.  [  <  L.  inter,  between,  +  sparao, 
scatter.] — in"ter-sper'sIon,  n. 

In'ter-state",  1  in'tar-stet";  2  in'ter-stat",  a.  Between  differ- 
ent states,  as  of  the  American  Union,  or  their  citizens;  as, 
interstate  commerce. 

in'ter-stice,  1  in'tar-stis  or  in-tur'stis;  2  Tn'ter-stic  or  tn- 
ter'stig,  n.  1.  A  slight  opening;  crack;  crevice.  2.  An 
interval  of  time.  [F.,  <  L.  inter,  between,  +  sisto, 
stand.]— In"ter-stl'tial,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to,  existing  in,  or 
forming  an  interstice.  2.  Situated  within  the  tissues  of  an 
organ  or  part. 

In"ter-tex'ture,  1  ln'tar-teks'Chur  or  -tiur;  2  In"ter-teks'- 
chur  or  -tur,  n.  The  act  of  interweaving,  or  the  web  or 
tissue  interwoven. 

ln"ter-ur'ban,  1  in"tar-ur'ban;  2  in"ter-ur'ban,  a.  Be- 
tween cities.    [  <  inter — \-  L.  urbs,  city] 

in'ter-val,  1  in'tar-val;  2  In'ter-val,  n.  1.  An  open  space 
between  two  objects;  distance  between  points;  inter- 
vening room.  2.  The  degree  of  difference  between  ob- 
jects. 3.  The  time  that  intervenes  between  two  points 
or  periods.  4.  Mus.  &  Acoustics.  (1)  The  difference 
of  pitch  between  two  tones.  (2)  The  musical  effect  of 
two  tones  of  different,  pitch  heard  at  or  near  the  satin- 
time.  [<  L.  inter,  between,  +  vallum,  wall.]  Syn.:  see 
respite. 

In'ter-vale,  1  in'tar-vel;  2  In'ter-val,  n.  A  low  tract  of  land 
between  hills,  especially  along  a  river;  Interval.  [Var.  of 
interval,  as  If  <  inter-  +  vale1.] 

In"ter-vene',  1  in"tar-vin';  2  In"ter-ven',  vi.  [-vknki/; 
-Ven'ino.]  1.  To  come  or  be  bei  ween  I  bines;  interfere; 
interpose.  2.  To  happen  in  a  way  to  cause  interruption. 
3.  Law.  To  interpose  in  a  lawsuit  so  as  to  become  a 
partytoit.  [<  L.  inter,  between,  \  venio,  come.] — in"- 
ter-ven'er,  n. — ln"ter-ve'nlcnU,  '/.  Intervening.  — In"- 
ter-ven'tlon,  n.   The  act  of  Intervening  or  coming  between. 

in'ter-vlew,  1  in'tar-viu;  2  in'ter-vu  I.  vt  To  have  an 
interview  with;  visit  and  quest  hm.  as  to  obtain  opinions, 
II.  n.    1.  A  meeting  of  two  persons,  8   by  appointment. 

2.  Specifically,  in  journalism,  b  colloquy  with  one  who  i 
views  are  sought  for  publication;  also,  the  report  of  such 
a  colloquy.    [  <  F.  enlre,  betw  ■■  •   |     In'ler- 
vlew"er,  n.    A  reporter  who  elicits  a  personal 
publication. 

ln"ter-weave',  1  in"tar-wiv';  2  in"ter-wcv',  vt.  &  vi. 
[-wove';  -wo'ven.]  To  weave  m;  become  interlaced  or 
intermingled. 

For  words  In  in-.  ,„/.,-  not  given  above  see 


in-tes'tate,  1  in-tes'tet;  2  In-t.Vtat.  I.  a.  1.  Not  having 
made  a  valid  will.  2.  Not  legally  devised  or  disposed  of 
by  will.  II.  n.  A  person  who  dies  intestate.  (<1 
not,  +  testor.  make  a  will.]— in-tes'ta-blu»\  a  Legally 
disqualitied  to  make  a  will,  as  a  lunatic.  -In-tes'ta-ry,  rj 
The  condition  resulting  from  one's  dying  Intestate 

in-tes'tine, )  1  in-tes'tm;  2  In-t&s'tin.    I.  a.    1.  Internal 

in-tes'tin8,  J  with  regard  to  state  or  community;  domes- 
tic. 2.  Pertaining  to  the  interior.  II.  n.  The  alimen- 
tary canal,  especially  that  part  below  or  behind  the 
stomach;  bowel:  usually  in  the  plural.  [  <  I.  hit,  stinus 
inward,  <  Int  is,  within.]  -  in-tes'tl-nal.  a.  I.  Pertaining 
to  the  intestines.    2.  Relating  to  the  Inner  parts;  Intestine 

In-thrall',  ln-throne'.  etc.     Same  as  t  nthraj  i 

in'ti-mate,  1  in'ti-met;  2  In'ti-mat.  I.  vt.  [-mat"liv!; 
-mat"ing.]  To  make  known,  especially  by  indirect 
means;  hint.  II.  a.  1.  Closely  connected,  as  by  friend- 
ship. 2.  Pertaining  to  the  inmost  being.  III.  n.  A  con- 
fidential friend.  (  <  L.  intimus,  Buperl.  of  inlus,  within.) 
Syn.:  see  allude;  inform. — In'tl-ma-ry.  n.  [-ru  % 
Close  or  confidential  friendship.  Syn.:  see  acquaintance. 
— in'ti-mate-ly,  adv. — in"tl-ma't!on,  r».  \  declaration 
or  notification;  also,  information  communicated  Indirectly; 
a  hint.     Syn.:  see  suggestion. 

in-tim'i-date,  1  in-tim 'i-dct:  2  in-tim'i-dat,  vt.     [-DA.T*- 

EDd;  -dat"ing.]    To  cause  to  become  frightened;  put  in 

fear.   [<  l.i*  in,  In,  +  itmidw,  timid.]   Syn.:  see  frighten. 

— ln-tim"i-da'tion,  n.    The  use  of  violence  or  threats  to 

influence  the  conduct  of  another.— in-tim 'l-da"ior,  n. 

In-ti'tle,  it.    Same  as  entitle. 

in-tlt'ule§,  1  in-tit'yul;  2  in-tit'yul.  vt.     1.  To  give  a  right 
to.    2.  To  give  a  title  or  a  heading  to,  as  a  book  or  chapter. 
[<   F.  intitider,  <  VL.inlilulo,        I 
— In-tit'uled,  a.    Distinguished  by  a  title;  es 

in'to,  1  in'tu;  2  ln'to,  priji.    To  and  in;  to  the  inside  of. 
Denoting:  (1)  Entrance  in  respect  of  a  place  or  I 
(2)   Penetration  through  an  outside.      (3)    Insertion  or 
inclusion.     (4)  The  passing  of  a  thing  from  one  form  or 
state  to  another.    (5)  Incorporation  by  multiplication, 

Syn.:  In,  to.     Into  is  the  preposition  of  tendency,  as  in  Is 
of  position  or  situation. 

"When  entrance  or  Insertion   is  denoted,  Into  should   lie 

used  and  not  in.    He  went  into  the  hail.    She  rode 

park.  They  took  a  ride  with  their  friends  in  Central  Park. 
Many  innovations  were  introduced  Into  the  I  D 
looked  Into  the  hook.  He  infused  life  Into  the  Re\  le«  w  hi  n 
a  change  is  made  from  one  form  or  state  Into  another,  into 
Is  used.  Water  Is  convertible  Into  vapor.  Ho  was  led  by  evi- 
dence Into  a  belief  of  the  truth.  Tin-  manuscripts  "ere  put 
inli)  shape.  We  may  say  cut.  tear,  break  .".  Into, 
pieces,  separated,  or  divided  Into  several  parts,  He  fell 
deeply  In  love;  Into  &  melancholy  condil  decline 

lie  was  put  In  a  hard  place,  or  into  a  sad  perplexity,  Their 
conduct  came  in  question.    Thej  examlni  onduot, 

"Into    Indicates    motion,    changi  In    a    more 

marked  degree  than  in."  Fallows  100,000  Synonym*  and 
Antonyms. 

There  are  cases  where  either  in  or  into  might  he  used,  but 
with  some  difference  of  meaning. 

"The  most  awful   idea  connected   with   the  eataeomtis  Is 

their  Interminable  extent,  and  the  possibility  ,,<  going 

into  this  labyrinth  of  darkness."  HAWTHOHNl  Unrhl, 
Faun  eh.  :t.  p.  39. 

Here  it  would  have  been  correct  to  i  ly,  "going  astra)  In 
this  labyrinth  of  darkness."  i.  e..  within  ii.  so  as  to  ! 
closed  by  it.    "Going  astray  into  it"  suggests  the  moving  on 

and  on  In  and  toward  new.  more  distant,  and  mole  I  o 
depths,    and    Is    hence    the    more   exprc  Ant 

away  from,  beyond,  by,  from.  out.  oiii  of,  past,  through 
In-tol'er-ant,  1  in-tel'er  Bnf    2  (n  to]  I.  Not 

disposed  to  tolerate  oontrarj  belii  I    oi  opii  !   u 
ed.    2.  I  liable  or  unwilling  to  heat  or  endure:  wi! 
as,  intolerant  of  opposition.     I-     I  tolero, 

bear.]  -ly,  adv.  Iii-liil'er-a-lil  e1  .  a  I1  i  can  DOl  bo 
borne  or  endured;  Insufferable  In-lol'iT-a-lilic-iiessi  . 
n      lii-(ol"cr-a-l>M'l-t)  ;.      Ill-lol  Vr-a-hU  .  In-tol'- 

er-ance,  n.    Refusal  to  tolerate  oppo  bigotry, 

In-tol 'er-an-ci :.   syn    see  panai 

lll-llllllll',  -lllClll.       Sill' 

In-lone'.  I   in  tfln';  2  in 

ihn'im;  I    I.  To  recite  in  or  to  uttei  a  mi 

.      ,,i  ni  .1,,  recite  a  chun  h  liai  manni  i 

■i.    i ,,  muparl  intonation  to.    |       '<  f  "•■•'  I 

In'to-nale;.      ln"to-ii.rili>M.  I  In     ail    of    Int i.e. 

modulation  of  the  iroli 
ln-tox'1-cate,  I  in  tol    'i-l  |  .  m 

,  oi.   cjI  i"i-o.  I    I-  '      1.1  drunl  ,  ii"  l'ii 

To  i  i  "i  I"  nsy      S.    i' 

poi    it      ll.        i  o  | 

tii  |  -       (|  poison]      ln-t<n'l-ranl. 

i  ii.it  whli  h  io  i..v  i-.  ii. 

,i..|       ln-lo\'l-eat"lii(r,    vi        I'rodu.lng    lie 


Inir. 

In».ir.l 


I 


Kit,  poll       o  i      ii      i  tit  bOrn; 

.  \      pr|  ii        i  i  o,    <>!. «,  won.         I'M 


loir  .  i 

In   irj- 

In-lr.i 

bll  I- 

li»-ir»  i 


In    ira-niu 


,   il. hi  .  i 


inruh 


1 


In  Iran*.. 

In-lran   «l-t i  n  i . 

hi-lr.iii   -I- 
I  n- 1  r.  i  n    -l-».  HI  -I- I .     . 

•  Ion*    In 
ln-lr.u>  -l-w  in 
lii-lr.iu    -!-(!>..  I. 

In-lr.iii    «l-l  i\    .  .  iirini;  an  ■> I'- 

ll.       1(1  intran-iti\  I    .  ■  • :     -l>  . 

Iit-lrt  nrli     .  -in.  ul  I,  ttr 

in-tr.  in  b  mi    .  '  trenchant. 

In-iri  i'  i.l.  ihaken  in  tin' 

|  <  1.   in 

In'tri-plil   I- 
l> . 

In-ir.  |.  Icl-I)  . 
Ini.  K.  I   . 

In   iri-i  .i(<  .  :  dy  in 

:.  or  involved.     [  < 
In  'trl- 
ra-r\.  Ill    trl-r.ile-1)  .  In    l  rl-c.il  r-niss,  n. 

In   irl-canl.   .     ■    • 

'tan',  n.    A  man  given  to  Intrigue.    [F.J    In'trl- 
cuauc. 
Inirl-cantc.    1    '•.  in-K»nt   or   (F.)    afi'trTgflnt';     2    In'trl- 
. 
i.    .  I.  is-i  in.. i  i  ii'; 

iafa    by    intrigue:    plot    or 
II.  1  . 

■  •affair.    3.  A 

:  KI'  ATE,  a.] — 
In-trU-ii  .  r.  In-trlicu ' I n if- 1 >  . 

<n-lr  In  -■ 
In-irln  -ii  .  .  2  In-trln'sie,  <i      1.  Perl 

tiu: 

In-trlii'-l-cal:.    SfIL: 866  imii.hiai. 
I  n- 1  r  I  ii  '-l-i  il-l> . 
In'tr.-.  prefix.     In:  Into:  within.     [<   L. 

irdly,  ult.  <  in.  In] 
'nlrii..  Iiitr".l  .  ->dtictlon.  Introductory. 

1 1 1 "i r<»— ■!      •  ■'.  In'tro-duc',  vt.    [-1 

I .  inti  d.    2.  To 

4.  To 
. h mo-)  +  dueo,  lead  ] 
Sim 
in"ir«>-dijc''  r.        uVtro-dne'tort.    uVtro-dncT- 
t.i  •    .         in"in>-iiiii  'Hun.  n     i.  The ael  ■•'  b  • 
In  any  wi- 

;  ■  ■  I  1  i  ■ .  :i 

iii'lrii-ilin -'III    C   .  I.'i"- 

tr.—iui   to-ct-ly,  In'tro-dae'to-fr,  a.     Prefatory; 

preliminary.     Syi. 
in-ir..  ii.  opening 

II'.] 

In"  tr.-inli    .  .  ro-mlt',  ».     [-mit'TKIi'1;  -silf- 

II 

pen.-  ii  Intermeddle.    (<   L. 

■-)   +  mlltrj,  send.]  — 
In"tn>-iiil-  '.Imi,  n. 
In  "  t  r  < » —  !>•  i  I  '   .    .  :•'<'',   t.      I.  ( 

II.  .    Topi 

In'  ln»--|i<  i    linn. 

In    ir..--p.<    th   i--,     .        Looking    within;    wlf-examlnlm,'. 

ln"tn>-wTt  '.;---•_:  1.  To 

thin  another. 

ln'lro-\.  r  '-Inn,  n 
I  n-t  r  n<!  •  :-;-7T;iT/f.i<1; 

•  e  in.  without 
warrant  or  invit 
In-trudVr,  In-truiririic-l) .  In-tru 'slon,     n. 


ln-lrir-loii-.il.  In-lni'-li    .     .  Coming 

ITIVI 

In-lrli    -l>    v-l>     .  lu- 

I  r  ii    -l>    .  -in  --    . 
In-li  n-l      . 

iii   i  n-l  'Hon,  I.  [mmr 

il  truth  wil : 

I.H..W  n  i ii t in 1 1  \  e|j  d  know! 

In'  ln-1   11..11-.1I.  In- 

111  l-ll '  r  .       I' 

III- 111   I- Mi    .  -h    .  In-tii   I    III    1  -11. 

In    lu-l   llun-Al-l«tii.     1 

in  w  lilcli  the 

of  all  Knowledge    ln"tn«l'Uon-lsmt.    in"iu- 

riliin-nl-l-l.  Iii    ln-1   II. .11-1-1 

iiri  11-1111-1  r',  1   in'tlu-mi 

Oil.      I  lit.! 

veil       In  "iii-mi".'- 
rnin  1  growth;  ■  swelling.      ln"to>mes'- 

1  .ni .         Swelling;  swollen. 

In'  1 11—  -iis-crpll 1    In'liis-sii 

.slum,  n     A  receiving  within,  as  f < >< ><  1  within  an  on 
of  being  received  within. 
in-i » in.-",  in-iw  1-1 '  .  etc     Same  a    bhtwiw 
in"n-vn  'iin.  ?:     Bame  as  innui  [umbra, Shadow.) 

1 1 1  - 1 1 1 1 1  'iir.ui-  .  rjon  anon     1       ■•  1 

Iii-iiim   Hun.  1  In-tnjk'shsn;  ;.'  In-Qne'shon,  n       1  !> 
anointing;  specifically,  In  medicine,  the  process  of  rubbing 
Into  the  skin,  n-  an  ointment  nr  liniment.  I  <  L.  tmcncffe(n-), 

Dl 

iii-nn 'date.  1  in-iiiiMrt;  2  fn-an'dat,  vt,  [-imt'm.', 
1  \  c-r  l>y  overflowing;  flood;  (ill  to  over- 
flowing. [<  L.  invndo,  overflo  1  on,  •  unda, 
wave 1  Bynj  deluge,  Hood,  overflow,  u\ erw  helm,  sul 
—  Ant.:  drain,  dry.  parch,  scorch.  Prep.:  wtth,  ln"un- 
il.i'Hun,  «,    1.  A  flood    'i.  \  condition  of  superabundance 

Ill-lire',    1    in-yur';   2  In-yur',    1.      |in-i  BJ  D  ,    DM  uis... 

1. 1.    1.  To  harden  <>r  toughen  by  use;  habituate 
torn     'it.  To  establish  by  use;  insure.    II.  i     '1 
or  have  effect;  be  applied.    (<  in-1    (-  Ol     eure,  <  L. 
worl         In-nrr'nicnt,  n. 

In-urn',  1  In-urn'; :.'  In-urn',  M    To  pul  Into  :i  cinerary  urn, 

im..    bbr.    inrcnti  (L.,  he  Invented  It),  In  ator.  In- 

voice. 

in  rac'n-o.    In  a  vacuum,   [i..] 

iii-\:ulc',  1  in-v8d';  2  In-vftd',  v.  [i.v-v.\r)'r.n,!;  in-vad'- 
ata.]  1. 1.  1.  To  'M  •■!-  with  an  armed  force  with  hostile 
intent.  "'.  To  encroach  upon.  8,  To  grow  in  <t  over; 
affect  gradually.    4|.  To  enter.    II.  i     To 

[<   I,,  in.  Into,  +  rado,  go.]    Syn.:  see 
attack.  —  In-\ad 'or,  n. 

In-vaK'l-nate1.  1  ln-vaj'i-nrt :  2  ln-vfig'1-nfit,  vt,  To  pul  or 
receive  into  or  as  Into  a  sheath,  as  one  pari  of  a  tube  Into 
another; ensheathe; Introvert.    [<  in-1  ;   1.  vagina, sheath.l 

ln-\aK'l-nate,  n.      Invaglnated.      ln-\ :ik"I-ii;i 't Ion. 

In'va-lld1,  1  in'vs-lid;  2  fa'va-lld,  vt.  1.  To  unroll  on  a 
lisi  of  invalids,  as  in  the  army  or  navy;  treat  a-  an  m- 
vali'!     'J.  1  in  invalid;  disable. 

In-val'id',  1  in-val'id;  2  In-val'id,  0      Having  no  force, 

weight,  or  cogency;  null  dus,  <in-,  not;  and 

1.      in-iai'i-iiatr  :,  ct     To  weaken  or  destroy  the 

force  or  validity  of .   Syn:  ln-vaI"l-da'tton, 

n       ln"\a-lliri-ty,  n. 

In'ra-Ild*,  1  in'vu-li'l;  2In'va-liil.    I.  a.    Enfeebled  by  ill 

th;  sickly.    II.  n.    A  sickly  or  di  in.    [< 

in',  a. J—  In'va-lid-isin,  n      The 

Mon  of  being  an  Invalid. 

ln-val'a-a-bl(e  .  value  beyond  estimation;  very 

predouc      in-ial  'u-:i-i)l\ .     I 
ln-va'ri-;i-l)l  o1',  a     Thai  dot     no<  or  can  no!  vary  or  be 
varied;  always  uniform.    S.vn.:   1 1 

lii-\."i"rl-a-l»ll'i-ty,  n.     Iii-ia'rl-a-bli'-iicssi  •;.     In- 
>a'rl-a-l»lj ,  adv. 
in-\a'sinii,  1  in-vfi'ssn;  2  IiPva'shon,  n.    The  act  of  in- 
vading; any  hostile  attack;  encroachment.      Kyn.: 

■  Dcroachment, foray, Incursion,  Inroad,  irruption,  raid. 
ittai  k     In-va'sli  '■-.  " 
In-Vec'tiV  <'~,    1    in-v<k'tiv;    2   In-vuc'tiv,   a.      Using  or 

characterized  by  invective  or  abuse,     -ly, 
In-vec'tli  <•",  1  in-vek'tiv;  2  In-v8e'tiv,  n.     Railing accu- 
vituperation.    [<  L.F  1  olding.] 

In-Velgb'f  1  in-\ "'"•';  2  In- ■• 

'  invective:  with  against.    \  <  OF.  enveir,  prob.  < 
Iii-\HkIi'(t,  n. 
In-vel'gle,  1  in-vt'gl;  2  In-vS'gl,  vt.    [-oled;  -otrNQ  ]    To 
,  deception;  wheedle.    [<  F,  aveugler, 
blind  '  1  i.hk. 

Iii-w-rglf-mfnt,   n.  — iB-vel'gler,  n, 


For  word-,  in      -  not  i;h<ii  ;il»o\c  sec  in-1,  prefix,  page  400. 


1:8  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    an  =  out;    oil;    10  =  feud;    Cllin;    go;    n  =  sing;    fhin,   this 
425        2:  wQlf,  dfi;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,'   this! 


In-vell',  1  In-vel';  2  in-vel',  vt.  To  cover  with  a  veil;  enveil. 
In- vent ,d,  1  in-vent';  2  In-vent',  vt.  1.  To  find  out;  con- 
trive by  ingenuity;  originate.  2.  To  fabricate  in  the 
mind.  3||.  To  come  or  chance  upon;  find;  discover.  [< 
L.  Inventus,  pp.  of  invenio,  discover,  <  in,  on,  +  venio, 
come.]    Syn.:  see  discover;  plan. 

— In-ven'tlon,  n.  1.  The  act  or  process  of  inventing. 
2.  That  which  is  invented.  3.  Skill  or  ingenuity  in  contriv- 
ing. 4.  Mental  fabrication  or  concoction.  5.  Rhet.  The 
department  that  treats  of  supplying  the  requisite  thought  in 
kind  and  form  for  discourse.  6||.  A  finding;  discovery. 
Syn.:  see  artifice;  fiction;  ingenuity;  project. — In- 
vent 'I-fol(er,  a.— in-ven'tiv(es,  a.  Able  to  invent;  quick 
at  contrivance.  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. — in-ven'tor,  n.  in- 
vent'erj. 

in'ven-to"ry,  1  in'ven-to"n;  2  in'ven-to"ry.  I.  vt. 
[-ried;  -ry-ing]  To  make  an  inventory  of.  II.  n. 
[-riesz,  pi.]  1.  A  detailed  account  or  schedule,  as  of  the 
property  of  a  deceased  person.  2.  Articles  which  consti- 
tute or  are  to  constitute  the  inventory.  Syn.:  see  list; 
record. — ln"ven-to'rI-al,  a.    -ly,  adv. 

In'ver-ness,  1  in'var-nes;  2  In'ver-nes,  n.  A  sleeveless,  cloak= 
like  garment.    [  <  Inverness,  Scot.] 

in-vert'd,  1  in-vfirt';  2  m-vert',  v.  I.t.  1.  To  turn  inside 
out  or  upside  down.  2.  To  change  the  meaning  or  con- 
dition of.  II.  i.  Chem.  To  undergo  inversion.  [  <  L. 
inverto,  <  in,  in,  +  terlo,  turn.] — in-verse'.  I.  a.  Oppo- 
site in  order  or  effect;  inverted;  reciprocal.  II.  n.  That 
which  Is  Inverse,  -ly,  adv. — In-ver'sion,  n.  1.  The  act  of 
inverting;  a  reversal  of  the  natural  order  of  things.  2.  Rhet. 
(1)  A  reversal  of  the  natural  order  of  words.  (2)  A  form  of 
discussion  that  makes  use  of  a  speaker's  own  argument 
against  himself.  3.  Chem.  A  rearrangement  of  the  molecu- 
lar structure,  as  in  sugars  and  similar  bodies. — In-vert'ed, 
pa.  Turned  in  a  contrary  direction;  reversed. — Inverted 
arch,  an  arch  having  its  crown  downward. — In-vert'ed- 
ly,  adv.— in-vert'i-bl(eP,  a.— In-ver'tor,  n. 

Invert.,  abbr.    Invertebrata,  invertebrate. 

In-ver"te-bra'ta,  1  in-vGy'ti-bre'ta;  1  in-ver"te-bra'ta, 
n.  pi.  Zool.  A  former  sectior  of  the  animal  kingdom  in- 
cluding all  animals  without  a  vertebral  column:  opposed 
to  Vertebrata.  1  <  in-2  +  L.  vertebratus;  see  verte- 
brate.]— in-ver'te-brate.  I.  a.  1.  Destitute  of  a  back- 
bone; not  vertebrate.  2.  Lacking  force  or  firmness;  irreso- 
lute, in-ver'te-hralt.  II.  n.  1.  An  invertebrate  animal. 
2.  One  who  lacks  resolution. 

in-vest'd,  1  in-vest';  2  in-vest',  v.  I.  t.  •  1.  To  lay  out 
(money  or  capital)  in  the  purchase  of  property,  as  for 
permanent  use.  2.  To  put  a  covering  or  garment  upon; 
clothe;  dress:  followed  by  with  or  in  before  the  thing  put 
on.  3.  To  endow,  as  with  office,  authority,  or  dignity. 
4.  To  lay  siege  to;  beleaguer.  II.  i.  To  make  an  invest- 
ment. [  <  L.  in,  in,  +  vestio,  clothe.]  Syn.:  see  surround. 
— ln-ves'tl-tiv(es,  a.  Pertaining  to  investiture.— in-ves'- 
tl-ture,  n.  1.  The  act  or  ceremony  of  investing  with  some- 
thing, as  robes  of  office.  2.  That  which  invests  or  clothes. — 
In-vest 'ment,  re.  1.  The  act  of  investing  capital;  also,  the 
money  so  invested,  or  the  property  so  procured.  2.  The  act 
of  blockading.  3.  Investiture.  4.  A  covering. — ln-vos'- 
tor,  re. 

In-ves'tl-gate,  1  in-ves'ti-get;  2  In-ves'ti-gnt,  vt.  [-gat"- 
EDd; -Gat"ing.]  To  inquire  into  systematically.  [  <  L. 
in,  in,  +  vcstlgo,  follow  a  track.]  Syn.:  see  examine; 
question. — ln-vcs'tl-)ra-bl(cp,a.  —  In-vc8'tl-gat"lng-ly, 
adv.— In-vcs"tI-ga'tlon,  n.— ln-vcs'tl-ga"tlv(e8,  a.—  in- 
ves  'tl-ga"tor,  n. 

In-vet'er-ate,  1  in-vet'ar-it;  2  in-vf't'er-at,  a.  1.  Firmly 
established  by  long  continuance;  deep'rooted.  2.  Con- 
firmed in  a  particular  character  or  habit.  3||.  Charac- 
teristic of  long  enmity;  bitter;  malignanl ;  al  io,  ancienl 
[<  L.  in.  In,  +  veins  (vcter-),  old.]  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. 
In-vet'cr-a-cy,  re.  Persistence  from  habll ;  confirmed  char- 
acter. 

In-vid'i-ons,  1  in-vid'i-us;  2  Tn-vId'i-Qs,  q,  1.  Expressing, 
prompted  by,  or  provoking  envy  or  ill  will;  imni  tlj 
discriminating;  displeasing,    IS.  Showing  envy.    [<  L. 

tnrUlln.-.iis,  enVlOUS,   <   inriilin.  ENVY.]    Syn.:  .sec  \t  mi    [I 
—  In-vld'l-oiis-ly,  adv. — In-vld'l-oiis-ness,  n. 

in-vig'or-att',  1  in-vig'er-St;  2  In-vlg'or-at,  vt,  [-at'ed"'; 
-at"ino.]  To  give  vigor  and  em  ray  to;  animate.  [  <  L. 
in.  In,  -f  vigor;  sec  vigor.]-  -ln-vlg"or-a'tlon,  n. 

In-vin'<'i-bl(ep,  a.  Not  to  be  overcome;  unconqui  rable 
[F.,  <  L.  in,  not,  +  vinco,  conquer.]  lii-iln"cl-bll'My, 
n. — ln-vln'cl-bl(c-ness>',  «.— In-vln'ci-bly,  ad\ 

in-vi'o-late,  1  in-vai'o-ht;  2  In-vi'o-lat,  o.  1.  Not  vio- 
lated; unprofaned;  unbroken,    'J.  Inviolable,    In-vl'o- 

laf'edt.— in-vi'o-la-blU  ,  a.    Thai  mu  I  no! □ 

not  be  violated.— ln-vl"o-la-bH'l-l\,  n  In-il'ii-la-M  c- 
nessfj. — ln-vl'o-la-bly,  adv.— In-vl'o-lalc-ly,  adv,  ln- 
vl'o-lale-ness,  „ 

In'vlscdf,  pa.    Unseen;  Invisible, 


Intr. 
Inward 

in-vis'i-ble, )  1  in-viz'i-bl;  2  In-vTs'i-bl,  a.    1.  Not  visible- 

in-vls'l-blp,j  not  capable  of  being  seen.  2.  Not  in 
concealed— in-vis"i-bil'i-ty,  n.  in-vis'l-blie-tn 
— In-vis'i-bly,  adv. 

in-vite',  1  in-vait';  2  in-vit',  r.  [ix-vit'ed^;  ix-vit'lng.] 
I.  t.  1.  To  ask  to  do  some  act  or  go  t<>  some  pi 
To  allure;  entice.  3.  To  present  inducement  for.  II.  i 
To  give  invitation;  allure.  [<  L.F  invito,  ask,  bid  ]  — 
in"vi-ta'tion,  re.  1.  The  act  of  inviting  or  alluru 
The  means  of  inviting.  —  in-vi'ta-to-rv.  I.  o.  Using  or 
containing  invitation.  II.  re.  [-RIES*.  pi.]  Liturg.  One  Ol 
several  forms  of  Invitation  to  worship— ln-\it  'er,  n  ( inr 
who  invites—  in-vlt'ing,  pa.  That  invites  or  allures  -ly, 
adv.    -ness,  re. 

ln'vo-cate||,  1  in'vo-ket;  2  In'vo-eat,  vt.  [-cat*edU;  -cat"inc,.] 
To  address;  Invoke. 

in"vo-ea'tion,  1  in"vo-ke'sTi9n;  2  In'Vo-ca'shon,  re.  1. 
The  act  of  invoking.  2.  A  judicial  order.  3.  The  words 
in  which  some  person  or  thing  is  invoked;  a  form  of 
prayer,  as  at  the  opening  of  a  service,  4.  Th( 
conjuring  an  evil  spirit;  also,  the  form  thus  used 
Syn.:  see  prayer. 

In'voice",  1  in'vois";  2  in'vSic".    I.  vt.    [in'voickd"1;  nV- 
voic"ing.]    To  make  an  invoice  of.    II.  re.    1.  Ali 
to  a  purchaser,  etc.,  containing  the  items  and  ohai 
merchandise.    2.  The  goods  so  listed.    [  <  1 
envoy  er,  send.]     Syn.:  see  list. 

in-voke',  1  in-vok';  2  In-vok',  vt.    [in-vokep"-;  in-vok'- 
ing.]    1.  To  call  on  for  aid  or  protection;  address,  as  in 
prayer.    2.  To  call  for,  as  in  supplication.    [<L.J 
+  toco,  call.]     Syn.:  see  pray.— In-vok 'cr,  re. 

In-vol'u-cel,  1  In-vel'yu-sel;  2  In-vOl'yu-cel,  n.     Bat     I.  A 

secondary  involucre.    2.  A  rosette  of  bracts  beneath  B  Calj  v 

[Dim.<  L. involitcrum; see involi  i  ri  ]  ln-vol"u-cel'lutnt. 

ln'vo-lu"cre,  1  in"vo-liu"[or  -lQ*]kr;  2  In'vo-lu"[or  -lu*]er,  re 
An  enveloping  membrane  or  wrapper;  in  botany,  a  ring  or 
rosette  of  bracts  surrounding   the  base  of  a   Mower-cluster. 

[<   L.  invoiucrum,  wrapper,  <  tnvolvo;  see  involve.]    in'- 
vo-lu"cral,  a. — ln"vo-lu 'crate,  a. 
in-vol'un-ta-ry,  1  in-vel'un-t5-n;  2  fn-voTttn-ta-ry,  a. 

1.  Contrary  to  one's  will  or  wish.  2.  Not  under  the  con- 
trol of  the  will.  Syn.;  see  spontaneous.  In-wil'mi-la- 
rl-ly,  adv. — In-vol'un-ta-rl-nes>,  n. 

In'vo-lute,  1  in'vo-liut;  2  tn'vo-lut.     I.  a.     11 

edges  rolled  inward;   coiled   spirally.      In  'vo-llll  "cil  | . 

II.  n.  Geom.  A  curve  (as  APB1  genet-   f, 

ated  by  a  point  (as  P)  on  a  straight  line   c> 

(as  CP)  that  rolls  upon  another  ourve 

(as  the  circle  D)  without  sliding.     [<  L. 

involuius.  pi),  of  tnvolvo;  Bee  nrvoLvi  1 

In"vo-Iu'tlon,  re.    1.  The  act  oi  Involving. 

2.  Something     Involved.       3.    Arilh.    The 
multiplication  of  a  quantity   by  itself  any   d\  Y-'  )A 
number  of  times.                                                    \  \J 

in-volve',  \  1  in-volv';  2  In-volv',  vt.    (in-       x \P 

in-volv's,  ).volv(e)d'b;  involv'ino.1     i.   [nvoluteof* 

To  draw  into  entanglement,  literally  or        , 

figuratively;  embroil.     2.  To  Include  or 

necessitate  as  a  part  or  adjunct.  .'{.  To  in  wrap:  infold    4. 

To  complicate.    5.  Math,  To  multiply  (a  quan til 

itself  any  number  of  times;  raise  to  a  i»'^  i  ! 

In,  +  volro,  roll.] 
S.vn.:  complicate,  embarrai  s,  embroil  entangle,  Impl 

imply,  include,   overwhelm       I"  I      in.   in.   and 

mini,  roll)   Is  to  roll  or  wind  up  u  Ith  or  In  r... 

Inextricably  or  Inseparablj .  oi  m 
Involved  in  ■■■■ 

sentences,  are  involved.  Involvi  Isaatrongei  word  than  impli- 
cate, denoting  mmc  complete  entanglement  v  applied  to 
persons,  implicatt   >  'i  in  an  imfa> ■  i 

ami  involvi  ordlnarll]  a  i;  but  tmplicaii  applli 
which  Is  wrong,  while  involvi  Is  more  commonl]  u  cdotthni 
which  is  unfortunate;  one  is  implicated  in  a  <••<<  ■ 
in  embarrassments,  misfortunes,  or  pcrploxlili 
logical  connection  thai  «  alch  i    (m  lut 
.  tated;  thai  «  alch  Is  lurall) 

to  be  Inferri  d;  thai  ^^  hloh  I 

ferret,   i  d  In  the  contract    thnl  the 

roof  shall  be  water  tlghl  if, 
Invol  i 
Ant.:  dt  connect,  dl  *  ntan  I 

Cllle.    I.   III'  i\  < 

In-volved',  va      In-volv'ed-ness,  n      In-volre'" 

incnl,  a 

Ill-VllI'lKT-.l-lll    0'  .   I    oi 

Not  capable  ol  I g  wounded;  n   I   lo  I 

havii  '»-» »l  "inT-a- 

l»iri-l\.      a.        Iii-iill'iirr-a-lil  i-iicss    ;.      ln-»  ill  'in  r-n- 

bly, 
In'wardt  1  In'word; :.'  fn'wanl     I.        I. 

mi  i.t .'I  oi     piritual     ■'!. 


In  »  ml 

-Kh 


I  i  oi.  flr;    (nil.  tO.1,      I  in    I'Orn; 

i i      i    ■ .  i    • .  n>.   >•    »    vta,      AM 


i 


in  »» . 

In   «  »r.l*. 


I  ti-  »  I  n.l    . 

ln-«r»|> 

Nhtrtp 
lll-n  Trx\  ■ 

lii-»r..n . 


I  »-dld< 
I  ..-.I  in. 

I  ..-.tin. 


i 
- 

- 

'■' 

iii- 
• 

luplter: 
lodln 

\  bluish*black 

lik.'  1 

I-,.   ,1,-1. Till.  -.•„!',, -] 

\ 

Jkaline 

I    H    i.     I   .  •  rcmplara. 

lull.  •    tllolr- 

i-"n  n  .         I'on- 

Ii"j-i,i  •   .         i  ,ni-i-/.rii,iii.         I'on-lse, 
Ion..        - 

l-<,  nl- 1.  n      (( ;r  1  Thl 

and  IbUiuLi  of  \\  .  l-o'- 

nl-an.  '.  I.ml.ui     1st-    -^.  t KrjtT.vi  11 11  n*j 

ami-.  Ionian  Si  ..  I    *^T,'^1± 

tha-  //s^-^!^ 

l-on'li    .    (llf^r- 
1  I      '  ,,r  pertain- 

Inc  '  .irrhl- 

- 

I      II      M.     I     . 

I       II 

K.  m  .  Ionic  Capital 

a.    1    » 

|.,<    ;   1,  1.  '■*"*  »l,»'i;  *.  liateli 

I  Inglish  I.  i       '.'• 
r  part.      (L.,    <  Gl 
B.  yfolh  J     Syn.:  see  pakti 
I    « 1    I    . 
I  'i»-»a.  .  1.AN 

MM  in.  to  thi 
-;ver. 
ip  '-ijc,  1  ip'i-kak;  2  Ip'e-eae,  n.      A  Bouth*American 

pla:  ' 

Ip  v-c.11   'ii-ui   hi 
l-phli    -    - 

err,.  -  .  .-  <  orlnth.  392  B   1 

Ipii  i-u.-iii   1.  n.  Or.  U 

daughter  of  Acan .•  Vrtcrnis; 

oavcil  at  la.-' 
i  !»"<►- 11 1  '•   .1.  •■  genua 

"oplcal  herb-  .  of  tin- 

iped  flowers. 
•in.  •     Literally,  be  hlm- 

dletum.    [i.  1 

.  .  Br'ba. 


I|«-l-    -l-ma   v 

lp'»o  far 'to.  . 
.nd  by  1 
lp«'n|rli.    . 

' 
I.  '(.. 

I— »j  u I  'que,  1  l-i 
Ir- 


' 
-rla  ir-  has  the  meaning    of    not, 


[LI 

' 

d.    [I.. I 
1    igland; 

. 

N 
is-  before  r.     In  nui 

and 


-1,1  >• 
seas* 


-'■ 

•r,  -bly 


.  -bly 
■i.ly 
If  re-ful  •.•!-'. ii'i-ty 

-bly 
Ir*  re-mo  v"a-bll'l-ty 

'  i-l.lof.  -bly 
'  i-til  '<••*.  -bly 
lr-ri-p"r<'-hcnM-t,l  '<•'',  -My 


Ir're  iplr*  1  Mir1, 
Ir':, 

ll'l  ly 

Ir'rr  M-r-.i  bl) 
Ir   . 
l-i  111   .  .1 

l-r.i   nl-aii.    1    a     1        l-r.ui   I,  . 

Iran.,  abbr,     Iranian,  11 

Mi  .  1  1.  .1      I.   Prone  to 

■  .-ill  .  1  '.'.  I  ii'.  anger     1 1  . 

1  l-r.i>"rl-bll'l-l)  . 

|>raa  ■  1-1,1  1  -neaii  r»raa  .  i-nu  . 

i-r.iir'.  1  a      Moved  to  anger;  wrathful 

Syn  :  we  1 . 

l-r.lle    l>  . 

ir    i-x.i'di.  ]  ir'n  tto'iii.  2  ir'n-«u'iii.  11     a  river  In  Tibet  and 

Burma;  length,  1,080  m  i"  the  Baj  ,•(  1  ■ 
Ire,  1  ,ur. 2  ir.  ,1     Strong  resentment .  w  rath;  anger.    I1  'I 
1    1   ■  .  anger  1   ,-i  a, 

Ir,    fill.  -h.  -11, 

ir.   .  .  land. 

ir.   land,  1  alrMend;  2  trTand,  a.    The  W.  Island  (32 
in.  pop   1.390, f  the  British  Isles:  capital,  Dublin;  re- 
bellion oonunenced  April  24,  1911  I  May  1.  Riot- 
ing rem  wed  in  S  and  w    Feb.,  1918 

I  "r.  -ii.i-  '11-.    1    nlri-nl'iis.  -ilol 

Greek  Christian  1  ather;  martyr  under  Bet  ems, 
I-re'ne,  1  di-i,  ol  peace 

1-ri'n'ic.      /  1  ui  rin'ik .  1  ,1        r,  useable; 

i-rrn  'i-ral.  v  oonclll  ■    ■    peace 

Prl-da'ceous.  1  ul'i  tius,a.    Bot.   Relating 

to  plants  of  the  ins  family     Bee  ibis,  ■'< 

lr"l-(li's'cen(,  1  ir  Bnt,  a.    Bxhibiting 

changing  rainbow  colors,    [<  mi>,  _' |    Irf-des'cence, 

»i.    A  manycolored  appearance 

l-riil  i-uin,  l  oi-rid't-um;  2  I-rld'i-ttm,  n     A  silver«whiti 

metallic  elemenl     Set  element,    |-    Gr  iris,  rainbow  | 

I'rlSi  1  oi'ris;  2  I'rls,  a.    [i'bib-i  -  ,,r  i'iu-des,  ;•/  ]    1.  The 

colored  circle  thai  surrounds  the  pupil  ol  thi   1  j         '. 

rainbow;  any  sunilar  iridescent  appearance,    3,   \ 

plant  ha\  in  1  indsome 

II,, wi-rs.    4.  [I-)  Mi/ih.  The  rainbow  personified  as  the 

messenger  of  Juno  (Hera)  and  the  gods     |l-.  •    G 

in    rainbow  i    I'ris-afed,  *<      Iridescent,    l"ris-a'tlon, 

,/      I'rlM'd,  a.    Saving  rainbow  colors. 

I'rish.  1  oi'rian;  2  I'rish,    I.  a.     Pertaining  to  Lreland  or 

its  people.    II.  n.    1.  pf.  The  people  of  Ireland     Z.  Thi 

native  Celtic  language  of  Ireland;  also,  the  English  dia- 

1  [reland.    [<  AS  Iriac,  <  Ira  .  the  [rish,  <  Ir. 

Ireland.]     Irish  moss,  a  eaweed  largel]  used  for  food 

I.  *>ra,  the  body  of  water  lying  between  England   and 

[reland      I'rlsh-lsm,   n.     1.  A    Blbernianism.     'i.   Irish 

character  or  traits  collectively.    I'rlsh-man,  n.    a  man  ol 

Irish  lilrili  or  race. 

l-rl'lls,  1  iii-roi'iis  or  -rl'tis;  2  l-rl'tls  Or  -ri'tl.s.  n.  /•rilhnl.  In- 
Oanunatlon of  the  iris.    I-    tais.]    lr"l-sl'tls:. 

Irk',  l  1  '     To  afflict  with  vexation  or  fatigue 

■    Uj    used  impersonally.     [<   Bw,  vrka,  press.] 
Irk 'some,  ,;.    Troublesome  or  tiresome;  tedious.    Bb 
ranious;  moDBLBaoMB;   wbabisomx,    lrk'.some-ly,  adv. 
irk  'some-ness, 

Ir-kutsk',  1  ir-Kuisk';  2  ir-kutsk',  n.     a  government  (280,- 
1  in.;  p,,p.  690,000)  in  1.  Siberia;  also,  its  capital 
(pop.  108 

I  ton,  1  oi'srn;  2  ['6rn.  l.vt  1.  To  smooth  with  an  iron 
implement,  .-i-  cloth  <>r  clothing.  'I.  To  fetter.  .'J.  To 
furnish  or  arm  with  iron.  II.  n  1.  Made  of  iron  'i. 
I:  mbling iron; hard; rude; unyielding; heavy,  III./,. 
1.  The  mo-'  important  ■,'  the  mi  talhc  elements,  very 
tenacious,  malleable,  and  ductile.  8ee  blemen  r.  'I.  An 
iron  tool,  weapon,  utensil,  or  anything  composed  of 

iron,  :i-  :i  fire«dog,  fl:il-ir,,n.  or  the  lik<-:  specifically,  in 
the  plural,  fetl  1  .'{.',,,/.'  A  mi'tal'heaucd  club  used 
to  raise  ■■'  ball,     |<  Afl  in-rliapH  <  in,  ice] 

Syn.:  rriuisiMiuiid",  n     l.  Bound  with  iron, 

ed  or  surrounded  with  rock-:  nii^'-d     :i.  Bard  to 
change  or  alter,  unyielding      i.T-iad.  ,;     I.  Protected  by 

Iron  or  steel   armor,   as  war-ships.     'I.   Not  to  be  evaded; 

:t.     Strong.     1'ron-Had",     n.       A     war-vcsscl 

Sheathed    with    armor.      I.'founder,    n.      One   who   makes 

iron  ca  tings     l.'fonndry,  n.     a  place  when-  iron  cast- 
ire  made,     I.  «gray.    I.  a.    Grayish,  like  iron  newly  cut 
or  broken.    II-  n.    The  color  of  freshly  eul  iron.    I.>greyt- 

rroii-inas"liT,    n.      A    manufacturer    of    iron.  — I'ron- 

hioii"k<t,  r     a  dealer  In  iron  articles.     l'ron-mon"ger-y, 

n.    Iron  articles  collectively.     I'ron-side",  I'ron-sldes",  n. 

Bomethlng  with  an  iron  side  or  sides;  hence,  one  who  or 

that  which  is  sironu'.  energetic,  or  terrible,  especially  In  war; 

romweU'a  Army  ol   Irontides.—OM   Ironsides,  see 

111  ii,,-.       1'ron-ware",  n.     Hardware;  Iron  utensils. 

1'roii-weed",  n.  [U.  S.|  A  berb  or  shrub  of  the  aster 


1:3  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    <5hin;    go;    n  =  sires;    fhin,   this. 
427        2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


inward 

-Mi 


.amily,  from  3  to  6  feet  high,  with  alternate  leaves,  and  heads 
of  perfect,  tubular,  mostly  purple  or  reddish  flowers. — I'ron- 
wood",  re.  Any  one  of  various  trees  of  unusually  hard, 
heavy,  or  strong  wood. — i'ron-work",  re.  Anything  made 
of  iron,  as  parts  of  a  building. — i.=works,  re.  sing.  &  pi.  An 
establishment  for  the  manufacture  of  iron  or  of  heavy  iron- 
work.— I'ron-wort",  re.  Any  one  of  various  plants  of  the 
mint  family.—  i'ron-y,  a. 

I'ro-ny,  2  ai'ro-m;  2  i'ro-ny,  n.  1.  The  use  of  words  to 
signify  the  opposite  of  what  they  would  usually  express; 
ridicule  under  cover  of  praise  or  compliment;  covert 
sarcasm  or  satire.  2.  The  feigning  of  ignorance,  as  in 
Socratic  argument,  hence  called  Socratic  irony.  3.  A 
condition  of  affairs  or  events  exactly  the  reverse  of  what 
was  to  be  expected.  [<  Gr.L+F  eironeia,  <  eiron,  dis- 
sembler.)    Syn.:  see  banter;  ridicule. 

— i-ron'i-cal,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  of  the  nature  of  Irony; 
covertly  sarcastic,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. — i-ron'lc,  a. 

Ir"o-quois',  1  ir"o-kwei';  2  Jr"o-kw5i',  re.  One  of  any  one  of 
the  five  (later  six)  Indian  tribes  confederated  In  New  York 
and  called  The  Five  (or  Six)  Nations. — Ir"o-quoi'an,  a.  &  re. 

Irr.,  Irreg.,  abbr.    Irregular,  irregularly. 

ir-ra'di-ate,  1  i-re'di-et;  2  l-ra'di-at,  vt.  &  vi.  [-AT"EDd; 
-at"ing.]  To  make  luminous;  illuminate;  shine. — ir- 
ra'di-anee,  re.  Ir-ra'di-an-cyJ.  —  ir-ra'di-ant,  a. — ir- 
ra"di-a'tion,  re.— ir-ra'di-a"tlv(es,  a. 

ir-ra'tion-al,  1  i-rash'sn-al;  2  i-rash'on-al,  o.  1.  Not 
possessed  of  or  not  exercising  reasoning  powers.  2.  Alg. 
Not  equal  to  the  quotient  of  any  two  entire  quantities. 
3.  Contrary  to  reason;  absurd.    Syn.:  see  absurd:  insane. 

— ir-ra"tlon-ai'i-ty,  re.  ir-ra'tlon-al-nessj.— ir-ra'- 
tlon-al-ly,  adv. 

Ir"ra-wad'dy,  re.    Same  as  Irawadi. 

Ir"re-den'tist,  1  lr"i-den'tist;  2  ir'e-den'tist,  re.  One  of  a 
party  formed  in  Italy  about  1878  to  secure  the  incorporation 
with  that  country  of  regions  Italian  in  speech  and  race  but 
subject  to  other  governments.  [  <  It.  irredento,  unre- 
deemed, <  L.  ire-,  not  +  redemptus,  pp.  of  redimo;  see 
redeem.] — Ir"re-den'tist,  a. 

ir-ref 'ra-ga-ble,  1  1    i-ref'ra-ga-bl;    2    I-rSf'ra-ga-bl,    a. 

ir-ref 'ra-ga-blp,  J  That  can  not  be  refuted  or  disproved. 
[<  L.  in-,  not,  +  refragor,  oppose] — ir-ref"ra-s;a-bil'l-ty, 
re.     ir-ref'ra-ga-bl(e-nessP):.— Ir-ref'ra-ga-bly,  adv. 

ir-reg'U-lar,  1  i-reg'yu-lar;  2  i-reg'yu-lar,  a.  1.  Not  regu- 
lar; being  out  of  the  usual  or  proper  form,  order,  etc.  2. 
Not  conforming  to  rule;  uncontrolled;  lawless. 

Syn.:  abnormal,  anomalous,  confused,  crooked,  desultory, 
devious,  disorderly,  dissolute,  eccentric, erratic,  exceptional, 
fitful,  immoderate,  inordinate,  uneven,  unnatural,  unsettled, 
unsymmetrical,  unsystematic,  unusual,  variable,  vicious, 
wandering,  wild. — Ant.:  common,  constant,  established,  fixed, 
formal,  methodical,  natural,  normal,  orderly,  ordinary,  peri- 
odical, punctual,  regular, stated. steady, systematic. uniform, 
UE'versal,  unvarying,  usual.  lr-re)f'u-loiist.  —  Ir-rca/'u- 
lai  'i-ty,  re.  [-ties2,  pi.]  The  condition  of  being  irregular: 
an  Imperfection,  inconsistency,  etc.  Syn.:  see  disorder. — 
ir-reg'u-lar-ly,  adv. 

Ir-rel'a-tlv(es,  a.  I.  Not  relative;  unconnected.  2.  Mus. 
Having  no  common  tone,   -ly,  adv.   -ncss,  re. 

ir-rel'e-vant,  1  i-rel'i-vant;  2  l-rel'e-vant,  a.  Not  rele- 
vant or  apposite;  impertinent.  Syn.:  see  alien:  insignifi- 
cant.—  Ir-rel'e-van-cy,  re.  Ir-rel'e-vanref.  —  Ir-rel'c- 
vant-ly,  adv. 

Ir"re-lig'ion,  1  irVlij'an;  2  ir"e-lIg'on,  «.  The  state  of 
being  without  or  opposed  to  religion;  unbelief;  ungodli- 
ness.— ir"re-lig'ious,  a.    -ly,  ailv.    -ncss,  n. 

ir"re-me'dl-a-bi(e'',  1  ir"i-mI'di-8-bl;2fr"e-m§'di-a-bl, a. 
Not  to  be  remedied;  incurable;  irreparable,  -ncss,  n. — 
lr"re-me'dl-a-bly,  adv. 

ir-rep'a-ra-bl(Cp,  1  i-rep'a-ra-bl;  2  i-rep'a-ra-M,  a.  That 
can  not  be  repaired,  rectified,  or  made  amends  for. 
—  Ir-rep"a-ra-bll'l-ty,  n.  Ir-rep'a-ra-bl(e-nessI't.— Ir- 
rep'a-ra-bly,  adv. 

ir"rc-pres'si-bl(e'',  1  ir"i-pres'i-bl;  2  fr"e-preVi-bl,  a. 
Not  repressible;  that  can  not  be  restrained.—  ir"rc- 
pres'sl-bl(e-ness',  n.  lr"re-pres"sl-l>H'l-t>  I.  Ir"n- 
pres'sl-bly,  adv.   -lr"re-pres'slv(c»5,  a.     Irrepressible. 

lr"re-proach'a-bl(ep,  1  irVprCcVe-bl;  2  fr"e-proch'a-bl, 
a.  Not  reproachable;  blameless,  -ncss,  ».  ir"re- 
proach'a-bly,  adv. 

Ir-res'o-lute,  1  i-rcz'o-liut;  2  I-rSs/o-lQt,  a.  Not  re  "loir 
or  resolved;  wavering;  hesitating. 

Syn.:  capricious,  doubtful,  faint-hearted,  faltering,  fickle, 
fitful,  half-hearted,  hesitant,  hesitating,  indecisive,  unde- 
cided, vacillating,  wavering,  indecision  denotes  lack  of  In- 
tellectual conviction;  Irresolution  denotes  deled  or  volition, 
weakness  of  will.  A  thoughtful  man  may  be  undecided  as  io 
the  course  to  take  In  perplexing  circum  itances;  yet  w  hen  de- 
cided he  may  act  with  promptness;  an  [7T(   oluU   man  lacks 

the  nerve  to  act.  Indecision  commonly  denotes  a  temporan 
state  or  condition.  Irresolution  a  trait  ol  character,    see 

FAINT;  FICKLE.  —  Ant.:  decided,  determined,  firm,  persistent, 


resolute,  resolved.— lr-res'o-lute-ly,  adv.— Ir-res"o-lu'- 
tlon,  re.     ir-res'o-lute-nesst. 

ir"re-spec'tive, )  1  ir"i-spek'tiv;  2  ir"e-spec'tiv,  a.  Lack- 

ir 're-spec 'ti Vs,  )  ing  respect  or  relation;  regardless:  now 
used  mostly  with  of,  often  adverbially,    -ly,  adv 

ir"re-spon'si-bl(ep,  1  ir"i-spen'si-bl;  2  ir"e-sp6n'si-bl,  a. 
1.  Not  accountable  or  amenable;  not  of  sound  mind  'i. 
Careless  of  responsibilities;  unreliable.  Syn.:  see  arbitrary- 
absolute.— lr"re-spon"si-bll'l-ty,  n.  ir"re-spou'sl-bl(e^ 
nesspj.—  ir"re-spon'si-bly,  adv. 

ir"re-triev'a-bl(ep,  1  ir'Vtrlv'a-bl;  2  IrVtreVa-bl,  a 
Not  retrievable.  Irreparable.— ir"re-triev'a-bl(e-ness>\n 
ir"re-trlev"a-bll'l-tyj.— lr"re-trlcv'a-bly,  adv. 

ir-rev'er-ent,  1  i-rev'ar-ent;  2  I-rev'er-ent,  a.  Lacking  in 
proper  reverence,    -ly,  adv. — ir-rev 'er-ence,  ;i 

ir-rev'o-ca-blie1',  1  i-nv'o-ka-bl;  2  I-rev'o-ca-bl,  a.  In- 
capable of  being  revoked  or  repealed;  unalterable  lr- 
rev"o-ca-bil'l-ty,  n.  Ir-rev'o-ca-bl(e-nesspJ.— Ir-re\  '©. 
ca-bly,  adv. 

ir'ri-gate,  1  ir'i-get;  2  ir'i-gat,  vt.  [-gat"ed<';  -gat'ing.] 
1.  To  water,  as  land,  by  artificial  ditches,  etc.  2.  To 
wet;  soak;  bedew.  [<  L.  irrigatue,  pp.  of  irrigo,  <  in, 
upon,  +  rigo,  water.]— Ir'ri-ga-bl(er,  a.  — lr"rl-ga'tloii, 
n.  Artificial  watering  of  land.— Ir-rlg'u-ousJ,  «.  Watered 
or  watery:  supplying  water. 

ir'ri-tate,  1  ir'i-tet;  2  Ir'i-tat,  vt.     [-TAT"ED<i;  -tat'inc] 

1.  To  excite  ill  temper  or  impatience  in;  fret;  exasperate. 

2.  To  excite  physically;  inflame.  3.  Physiol.  To  stimu- 
late artificially;  cause  to  contract.  [<  L.  irritotua,  pp. 
of  irrito,  excite]    Syn.:  see  affront;  incense;  pique. 

— lr'rl-ta-bKc,  a.    1.  Showing  impatience  or  hi  temper 

on  little  provocation.  2.  Excitable,  as  a  nerve,  etc,  Syn  : 
see  fretful—  ir"rl-ta-bll'l-ty,  n.  Ir'rl-ta-hlu'-m-sM  :. 
— Ir'ri-ta-bly,  adv.  —  Ir'rl-tant.  I.  a.  Causing  irritation. 
II.  re.  1.  A  pathological  or  other  agent  of  Inflammation, 
pain,  etc.  2.  A  provocative;  spur. — lr"rl-ta'tlon,  n. — 
ir'ri-ta"tiv(es,  a. 

ir-rup'tion,  1  i-rup'slian;  2  I-rQp'shon,  re.  A  breaking  or 
rushing  in;  violent  incursion.  [<  L.  in,  in,  -J-  rumpu, 
break.]     Syn.:  see  invasion.— lr-rup'tlvu-»,  a, 

Ir'tish,  1  ir'tish;  2  lr'tish,  re.  A  river  In  W.  Siberia;  length, 
2,31)0  m.  to  the  Ob  river.    Ir'iysli;. 

Ir'vlng.l  0r'vin;2  Ir'ving.n.  I.Edward  (1792-1884), a  Scot- 
tish clergyman.  2.  Sir  Henry  (original  name  John  Henry 
Brodrihh)  (1838-l'J{).r,),  an  English  a.  tor  manager.  :». 
Washington  (1783-1869),  an  American  writer,  historian, 
and  humorist ;  sketch  Book. 

Is,  1  Iz;  2  is.  3d  per.  sing.  prcs.  ind.  of  be,  r.    [AS.] 

is-,  1  ais-  or  Is-;  2  Is-  or  is-.  From  Greek  tSOS,  equal:  a  combin- 
ing form. 

Is.,  Isa.,  abbr.    Isaiah. 

is.,  Isl.  abbr.  [I8L8.,  pi.].    Island. 

I'saac,  1  al'zak;  2  I'sac,  n.  A  Hebrew  patriarch,  father  of 
Esau  and  Jacob.     <;, ■  n.  xxi,  3. 

I'saacBlck'er-staff,  1  blk'sr-stcd;2  btt'Sr-etai.   A  pen«name: 

( 1)  of  Dean  Swift;  (2)  of  Richard  Steele. 

Is"a-bel'la,  1   Iz'u-bcl'a;  2  Is*a-bel'a,  I.  of  Castile   (1451 
l">04).    Queen  <>f  Castile  and  Leon;  wife  ol  Ferdinand  \    '<t 
Aragon;  subdued  Granada;  aided  t  ;olumbua 

I-sa>'us,  l  al-sl'us;  2  i-se'us,  n.  An  Atiie  orator  and  rhetori- 
cian; reputed  teacher  of  Demosthenes;  lived  i. 'o  348  B   I 

1'Sa-gOn,  n.     Same  as  BOGON. 

I-sa'lah,  l  al-zS'ys;  2  I-sa'ya,  n,    Bib.  l.  The  Aral  great  He 

brew   prophet;   lived  ah. an   720  B,  C.      ''■■    Thl     prophetical 

book  bearing  bis  name, 

i-san 'drous,  o.     Hut.     Having  the  stamens  all  .similar  and  Ol 

the  same  number  as  the  petals  i  man.] 

l-saii'ther-ous,  a.   Bot.  Qavlng  equal  anthei 
thSros, flowery.] — 1-smn'tb.ouSi  a,  Bot    Saving  regular  Mow- 
ers.   [  |-  t  ;r.  anthos,  flower  i 

I-sau'rl-a,  1  1-sS'n-s;  2  I-sa'rl-a,  n.  An  anelenl  dlstrlol  be- 
tween <  'iiieia  and  Phrygla,  Asia  Minor,  UUDi     I 

Is-car'1-ot,  l   Is-kai  i-ei     II    car'l-ot,  n.     nu>.     Bams  as 

Is'chl-lllll.  1  ls'lu-iim;2  Is'cl-um,  n .    [-CHI-A,  pl,|  1.  Altai,  The 

po  iirior  pari  of  the  pelvic  arch:  iii  man,  the  nan  or  the 
hip-bone  on  whirl,  the  bodj  re  I  when  sitting  I.  Cruet. 
The  i  bird  Join!  or  any  limb  or  lateral  appendage  S,  Sniom. 
A  side  of  the  thorax.  [<  Or.  tecAfon,  hip,  <  ItcAyt,  strength.] 
Is'chi-onl.     is"«hl-ai 'ic,  a     Of,  pertaining  to  or  situated 

near  the  Isehhim;  silalle.      Is'chl-ae  ; ;   ls"rlil-ail 'lr  :  ;  ls'- 

chi-ai;.  [plaet    pop  10,000. 

Ischi,  ]  i: .hi.  2  i  iii.  n      \  townlnUppei   Austria;  a  watering* 

-Ise.      ,,;',  |         I.I      Bd  tO   denote   e lit  bill.    QUO 

function;  as,  franoht  n      i      Ol  I 

-Izc;.    •;.  .-am, i as  isn'.  [175  m.  to  the  Rhone  river. 

I  "sere',  1   1'zer';  :.'  i":  .  a',   n        \    i  I  ■  .  :    1 1 .         I       I 

l-scult ',   I    i    Hit';    'i    ult'i  "       \tedU  vol   i  tgi  nd      I 

Beautiful,"  an    Irish   prior,:;.,  bl  lOVOd  '      '  01 

daughter  ol  the  I  luke  ol  Brlttui  •  alii  d  "1  eull  "f  the 

w  bite  Band,"  wife  ol  i  rlstan  I                l-solde't. 
-Ish1,  tufflx.    Bomcwhal .  ol  '  he  i 

adjectives  ,,r  place  or  , ■    1     i      \ 

UdJ.  formative] 


-Mi 

I..L 


1  ..  fl        ..     ..        ii        ii  ii      '  flrn; 

'i  i  irte) 


r.'s 


l-l 


I-  I. 

I-    II:. 


Ill  ll 

TBI* 

TUjrmtes  In  t 
rlir. 

I- 

:.. 


ls'o-1  i 


i- 

ll  r  l<  . 


I--1111. 


I»li   ni.i- 

I 

I.    * 

i 

I 
. 

■-  ,.  .         i    lim-Un,         i~  I..I..-I. 'iii-. 

I-    l.im-11 

i 
I . 

II.'     Ml. Ill     . 

to  12  m.; 

i. 

port. 

n  applied 

Lrlno. 

frum 

rir. 

I    -    -l,  ir    .►-mi.  I   rlc    .         V  'ao-cfiro- 

l-.,„  i,  ■  r ■  — » i  1 1 .  Inter- 

|"so- 

-  ■       B« 

n.    (430-33*  i 

l-*o«:'o-nal   .    II. 
Isoconli       !-••.■  -ii.il  line,  a  line  Joining 

L  1T"- 
I . 

:.  ' 

i-   -.-I  i  "i-.r.  .-  that  which 


I  -•-<  Ii. nil. 


phlsm,         i  •  .-|....i     I    . 
ii 

i-»..|.  ..-.i  i.  in 

•bugs. 

ll  .  h-»op  ..-.I. mi-. 

I  l:l\  ll. H 

. 

point*  "ii  the 
I      ..-l  !..  r    Mi.il. 

tui  n  I    I  to* 
ro-pUru,  I--..I  'ro-p) . 

•  tiring 


f  —  ■  »t »  ■ 


i — <> ii i  Vr-i-iii. 

r  per- 

I. 


.-.  .1  .     Cfto-mor'- 
havlng 


... 

.1  .in  h 

.  ;  ob  after 

Ii  ...ii.  ollvel) . 
I  ■  i  .--  i-i  .  i  Hi 

l-  i  I--  l-ii    lab,  I     ran  i-ii  l< 

i>  -u-.i-iii  i    .  L  Thai  may 

i 
U'lu-a-bl] . 

i~   ~ii-.im  i-.   1  i     ■    :i.l  of  I'ul- 

irivirut  out;  promulgation;  distribution, 
la  me,  -'  -i-.-i  |  1. 1    i.  '  i 

Eficiolly     2t.  To  give  birth  to. 
I!.         i.   i     poas  from  any  enclosed  place;  flowi 

.>.  1.    8.  To  come 

I.  forth  officially,  as 

a  issue,  in  pleading.    (j5)  Vo  b 
ls'so-erf  n. 
i-     lie,  n.    1.  The  <  in^  out.    2. 

:{.  Thai  which  is 
ir  sent  forth,    Specifically:  (1)  An  edition,  as 
I  hal  which  has  come 
into  prominent  interest  or  discussion.      1 .  Profits  or  pro- 
final  result  or  outcome.    4-  PI 
meai  S.  Med  Sai  [1',  <  iasu, 

go  out,  <  L.ezeo,  ■  ex, out,  +  eo,  go.] 
Syn.:  Bee  (  onbbqi  i 
I  -  *-  ii  -.  .  .-.  n.    An  ancient  seaport  In  CDli 

Minor;  Boene  ol  J  larfus's  defeat  by  Alexander,     13  1 1  i 
-1st,  '  an  agent.    |      i 

( ;r.  -i  u  ■..  term.  ..f  nouns  of  agent  from  verbs  In  -tea,"  see  i/.i  I 

l8"tam-bUl',  1   l.»'tuni-l>uT 

uboi  i.    Is"tam-lK)uI't. 

Isth'mas,  1  is'mus;  2  b'mfis,  n.    A  narrow  body  ..f  land 

cting  two  larger  bodies.    [L.,  <  (Jr. 

row  pa  lstbrml-an,  a.    Istb'ml-an  Ca-nal',  the 

Panama  Canal.    I.  games,  a  Pan«Hellenlc  festival,  on- 

i  every  i»..  > earson  th<  i  orlnth. 

Is 'tie,  1  Is'tl;  2  bVtl,  n.    [Mex.]    A  valuable  fiber  of  a  tropical 

i ii  i.i . ;  Tamplco  Bbert. 
Is'trl-a,  l  Is'trl-a;  §  Is'trl-a,  n.    A  peninsula  In  the  Adriatic 
Forming  a  margravs  1,912  Bq.  m  .  pop. 

it,  1  il  (tiikv.  pi.]    The  personal  pronoun  of 

..  singular  nun.  1. it,  and  ai  uter  gender: 
in  the  foil, iwi  1) 

d  «.r  understood.    (2)  As  antlclpa- 

•  of  .i  verb  whose  logical  Bubject  follow 

.mlnatlve  «.f  re  Impersonal.     (4)   fndefl- 

after  Intransitive  verbs,     {'d   As  pointing  om   the 

leader  m  a  children's  gome  or  a  put]  er  that  t:ik<-s  some  spe- 

hc.) 

it.,  ii  .I  .  lion,  italic  [toly. 

l-tul'i.Hi,  l  i-tal'yen;  ~  i-tfil'yan.     I.  a.     Pertaii 

people,  or  language,     II.  n.     1.  A  native  or 
ralized  inns  '-'■  'I  hi    lang 

h  I-tal'lan-lse, 

I-tal'fc,  1  i-tal'ik;  2  i-t&l'ie.    I.  a.     1.  Relating  to  the 
ruages  of  1  '■  .'  bag  or 

printed  in  italics.    II.  n.  ji-orl-]  Print. 
in  which   '  i-t;il  'i-cize,  vt. 

To  dlstlngul  b  b)  Italic  .  to  emphasize, 
l-tal'l-- 

Ii  'a-in>,  ]  Ifs-lus;  2  it'ii-i  .  Myth.    A  kinu  ..f  Che 

rtei  whom  i  have  been  named. 

It'a-ly.  l  It's-b; :.'  It'a-ly,  r».    A  kingdom  ( 1 10,669  s<|.  m  .  pop. 
il.OOO)   iii  s.  Europe;  capital,  Rome.     (<    L.  Italia, 

.  Lake.  1  l-ta.s'k.i;  2  l-iii.s'ca.    A  I  i  .r.iiesota; 

ration,  1 ,460  ft.;    it.-,  basin  now 

;.  public  .state  park. 

Itch,  I  icl»;2  It  h      1  -  I.  To  feel  an  irritation  of  the 

with  inclination  to  .'•cratch  tin-  part.     "{.  To  I 
.-.(.'  inclination  to  do  a  thing    II.  n.    I.  A  com 

.  an  itching  of  the  ^kin.    2.  A  teasing 

<l.-.-ir.-    or   propensity.      [<    AS.   i/ircan,   itch.]  — Itch': 
mitt-",  n.    A  mite,  the  female  of  which  burrows  and  lays 


1:  a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  fetid;    cliin;    go;    ij  =  sina;    fhm,   this. 
429  2:wplf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


-lsh 

jack 


eggs  under  the  scarf-skin,  causing  inflammation  and  intense 
Itching,    i.slnseett.— itch 'Ing,  re. — Itch'y,  a. 

-Ite1,  suffix.  Used  like -ate1, -ate-.  [<  L.  -itus,  -ita,  -Hum, 
pp.  suffixes  of  verbs  of  the  2d,  3d,  and  4th  conjugations.)  -itj. 

-ite2,  suffix.  Of  the  nature  of;  like:  used  to  denote  a  native,  an 
adherent,  or  a  descendant  of;  also,  in  chemistry,  to  denote 
salts  of  an  acid  whose  name  ends  in  -ous.  Also  used  in  min- 
eralogy, anatomy,  etc.  [<  F.  -ite,  <  L.  -ita,  -lies,  <  Gr. 
-ills,  -itis,  an  adj.  suffix.]  [dum  of. 

I'teni,  1  ai'tem;   2  I'tem,  vt.    To  make  a  note  or  memoran- 

i'teni.  I.  n.  1.  A  separate  article  or  entry  in  an  account, 
etc.  ■  2.  [Colloq.]  A  newspaper  paragraph.  Syn.:  see  cir- 
cumstance. 

II||.  adv.     Likewise.     [<  L.  item,  likewise,  <  is,  he.] — 
I'tcm-ize,  vt.    [-ized;  -iz'ing.]    To  set  down  by  items. 

it'er-ate,  1  it'ar-et;2  it'er-at,  vt.  [-AT"EDd;  -at"ing.]  To 
utter  or  do  again;  repeat.  [<  L.  iterum,  again,  <  is, 
he.] — it'er-a-bl(ep,  a. — it'er-ant,  a. — if'er-a'tion,  re. 
it'er-ancei;.— it'er-a"tiv(e8,  a. 

Ith'a-ca,  1  ifli'a-ka;  2  Ith'a-ca,  n.  1.  An  island  of  the  Ionian 
group;  legendary  home  of  Ulysses  (Odysseus).  2.  A  manu- 
facturing city  in  S.  central  New  York;  seat  of  Cornell  Uni- 
versity; pop.  15,000. — Ith"a-cen'si-an,  a.  &  n. 

Jtli'er,  1  ith'ar;2  ith'er,  a.  &  pron.    [Scot.]    Other. 

I-thu'ri-el,  1  i-fhiu'n-el;2  I-thQ'ri-el,  n.  In  Milton's  Paradise 
Lost,  an  angel  sent  by  Gabriel  to  search  for  Satan. 

Itin.,  abbr.    Itinerant,  itinerary. 

i-tin'er-ant,  1  ai-tin'ar-ant;  2  T-tm'er-ant.  I.  a.  Going 
from  place  to  place.  II.  n.  One  who  travels  from  place 
to  place,  as  a  minister  serving  a  circuit  of  churches.  [  < 
L.ll  iter  (inner-),  journey.]— i-ttn'er-a-cy,  1-tln'er-an- 
cy,  re.  A  passing  from  place  to  place  in  circuit,  as  in  the  dis- 
charge of  ministerial  duties. — I-tin'er-a-ry.  I.  a.  Per- 
taining to  or  done  on  a  journey;  itinerant.  II.  re.  [-riesz, 
pi.]  A  detailed  account  of  a  journey;  also,  a  detailed  plan 
of  a  proposed  journey;  an  exploring  tour;  a  guidebook. — 
i-tin'er-ate,  vi.  [-at'ed;  -at"ing.]  To  journey  from  place 
to  plaee  in  circuit.  [<  L.  -itis,  <  Gr.  -Uis,  -like.] 

-itis,  suffix.     Used  to  denote  inflammation;  as,  peritoni/is. 

I 'to,  1  i'to;  2  it'to,  Hiroburai,  Marquis  (1S40-1909).  A 
Japanese  statesman;  assassinated. 

its,  1  its;  2  its,  pron.  Possessive  case  of  it. — it-self, 
pron.    Its  self:  emphatic  or  reflexive. 

It's,  1  its;  2  its.  [Colloq.]  It  is:  a  contraction. 

I-u'ka,  1  ai-yu'ka;  2 l-yu/ka,  n.  A  village  in  N.  E.  Mississippi; 
scene  of  an  indecisive  battle  between  Generals  Rosecrans 
and  Price,  Sept.  19,  1862. 

I-u'lus,  1  ai-yu'lus;  2  I-yu'lus,  re.    Same  as  Ascanius. 

I 'van,  1  ai'van  or  (Rus.)  I-van';  2  I'van  or  (lius.)  i-van',  re. 
[Rus.]  1.  I.  III.  (1440-1.505),  "the  Great";  founder  of  the 
Russian  empire.  3.  I.  IV.  (1530-1584),  "the  Terrible"; 
czar  of  Russia;  conqueror. 

I"van-gor'od,  1  Pvan-giir'od;  2  i'"van-gor'6d,  n.  A  town  in 
S.  Russia;  taken  by  the  Germans,  Aug.  5,  1915. 

I'van-hoe,  1  ai'van-ho;  2  I'van-ho,  n.  A  historical  romance 
by  Sir  Walter  Scott,  detailing  the  adventures  of  Sir  Wilfrid 
of  Ivanhoe,  a  Saxon  knight,  at  the  time  of  the  third  cru3ade. 

I've,  1  aiv;2  iv.  [Colloq.]  I  have:  a  contraction. 


4 


Ivory. palm. 
,  matured  bruit, 

Heath  the  c<«t:  /.,  ecotiun  of  a  nut. 


-ive,  suffix.     Doing;  serving  to  do.     [<  L.  -irus.  -ira,  -irum, 

termination  of  verbal  adjectives.] 
i'vo-ry,  1  od'vo-n;  2  i'vo-ry.    I.  o.    Made  of  or  resembling 

ivory.    D.  7i.    [-biesz,  pi.]    1.  The  hard,  white,  elastic 

dentin  that  constitutes  the  greater  part  of  the  tusks  of 

certain    animals,     as  

the  elephant,  walrus,        ^Sj,      /?  ;  ^«. 

etc.     2.  Any  form  of 

dentin.    3.  Some 

ivorylike  substance. 

4.  pi.    Things   made 
or  consisting  of  ivory. 

5.  pi.  [Humorous.]  ' 
Teeth.  [<  L.LL+OF 
eboreus,  of  ivory,  < 
ebur,  ivory.]  —  black 
ivory,  a  pigment  com- 
posed of  carbonized  < 
Ivory.  —  i  'vo-rj  = 
palm",  re.      The   tree 

that  bears  ivorynuts.— i'vo-ry-type",  u.  Phot.  A  photo- 
graphic picture  made  by  fixing  a  translucent  photograph 
over  another.— vegetable  I.,  the  hard  and  white  Ivorylike 
substance  of  the  seed  (ivorynut)  of  a  tropical  American 
palm.  [m.;  pop.  i  ,132,800 

I'vo-ry  Coast.    A  region  of  French  West  Africa;  130,i 

I"vry'sla=Ba"tail'le,  1  i"vii'.la-l)a"tai'ya;  2  i'vry'-la-ba  u'yc. 
re.  A  town  in  N.  W.  Prance,  where  Henry  IV  defeated 
Mayenne,  1590. 

i'vy,  1  ai'vi;  2  I'vy,  n.    A  European  evergreen  climbing 
shrub    of    the    ginseng    or    ivy 
family,  or  one  of  various  other 
climbing  plants.    [<  AS 
— i'vied,   a.       Overgrown    with 
ivy. 

I.  W-,  abbr.  Isle  of  Wight.— I. 
W.  TV.,  abbr.  Industrial  Workers 
of  the  World. 

i-wls't,  adv.     Certainly;  surely;  to 
wit:    in    later    vise    written    mis- 
takenly /  wis,  through  confusion 
with  the  verb    wit.      Compare  wis; 
wit.     [<   AS.  gewis,  <  ge-,  together, 
+  witan,  know.]     i-wlsse't,  i-«  ys't ; 
y-wis't.  —  i-wis't,    re.      Certainty. 
y-wis't. 

Ix-i'on,  1  iks-Cd'en;  2  Iks-I'on,  re.  Gr.  Myth.  A  king  who  for 
an  insult  to  Hera,  was  punished  by  being  tied  to  a  wheel  thai 

turned  perpetually, 
ix'tie,  n.    Same  as  istef..    Ix'le);  Ix'UII. 
-ize, -ise,  suffix.    Used  to  form  verbs  denoting  "to  make,  give, 

practise."    [<  LL.-izo,  <  Gr.  -izd.] 
Iz"tae-cl-hna'tl,  1  Is"tak-sI-W(i'tl;  2  ls'tiic-ci-wit'tl,  >i.     An 

extinct  volcano  in  central  Mexico;   16,960  tt.  high      l\"l.u- 

cl-hua'tlf. 
iz'zard,  1  iz'srd;  2  is'ard,  ».    The  letter  Z:  an  old 
—from  A  to  lizard,  from  beginning  to  end. 


True  Ivy. 


J  i    Roman. 


3  i 


Black 
Letter. 


// 


Script. 


J»  j»  1  jS;  2  ja,  n.     [jays,  J's.  or  ./s,  1  joz;  2  jag,  pi.]     A 

letter;  the  tenth  in  the  English  alphabet, 
J.,  abbr.     Judge,  Julius,   Junius,   Jupiter,   Justice   (J.J.,   pi.), 

judex  (I...  judge).  — J.  A.,  abbT.     Judge  Advocate. 
Jab,  I  jab;  2  jab.  I.  vt.  [jabbed,  .iaud";  JAB'BING.]  |(  iolloq.]  1. 

To  poke  or  thrust  sharply;  punch.    3.  To  catch,  as  llsn,  with 

agaff.    II.  re.  [Colloq.]  A  sharp  thrust  or  poke;  punch.    [> 

Ir.  Gael,  gob,  beak.] 
jab'ber,  1  jab'ar;  2  jab'Sr.    I.  vt.  &  vi.    To  speak  rapidly 

or  unintelligibly;  Chatter;  also,  to  lalk  nonsense.  Syn..:  see 
babble.  II.  re.  Rapid  or  unintelligible  lalk;  chatter. — 
Jab'her-er,  re.     A  voluble  talker. 

Ja"bot',  1  ga"bo';  2  zha/'bo',  n .      A 
lace  frill  worn  by  women  on   the 
bodice;   formerly,   a   ruflle  on   a  shirt- 
bosom.    [F.] 

Jac,  abbr.     Jacob,  JOCObwi  (1.  ,  James). 

Ja'cinth,  1  je'smth;  3  Ja'cinth,  »,  1.  A 
hyacinth.  3.  Zircon.  [-  OF.  jacinthe, 
<  Gr.  hyatinthos,  hyacinth  I 

Jack,  ljak;  2  jak.re.    1.  [J-]A  nickname 
for  John,  earlier  J  amen,  derived  from 
Jacob.    From  its  frequency,  a  man; 
fellow.    Specifically:  (1)  A  Bailor,    (2||)  [J- or  j-]  kcona 
moD  fellow;  serving  titan;  rustic,  'i.  A  mechanical  device 


or  appliance  used  a    an  s  isistanl ;  as,  a  wag 

lifting  the  azl  a  in  order  to  remove  the  wheel) 

:t.  The  male  ,,i  ii,<  .,     .,i  of  certain  other  animal       l< 

One  of  variou    fii  he  .  as  a  pike  or  pickerel     S< 

A  flag,  as  of  the  United  States  or  of  Greal  Britain, 

ing  i  he  canton  of  the  national  a  and  without  the 

By.      uiiiniisjatiij .     6.    In    pi  navi 

7.  One  of  variou    birds,  as  the  jackdaw     s-  I  medieval 

coat  of  mail  made  of  leather  and  padded     9,   V  bowl 

used  b    b  mai  I-  In  the  game  ol  bov  i 

/„/,,,.       ii eb    Ya'aqOb,  lit.  supplanter.]     hydraullr  lark, 

.-,  <iii.  ice  foi  lifting  i" 

fluid-pressure   from        ' 

i.orc  cyllndei  and  i  pi  ton  hydrontatlc  lack  lad  .- 
dan'dy,  re  I  rldloulou  fop  lack'a-napea",  n  Kn  im- 
pertinent fellow;  an  upstart     lack'a-nape"        I acl 

n     i.i  i le  a         donki 

head.     |ack'iboots",   n     pi      H<  irhlng 

above  the  i  aee      lack 'daw" 

blael  .  ■'""  111     ■'"■'  oftoi I      |.«ln>a  '>..». 

i,  iqui  toy  figure  In      I  Ing  up  when  the  box-lid  in 

i.  in  i lie  pulpit,  i.    An  ml  ol 

the  ariiiii  ramlij  bearing  two  l<  nvi     und  n  en 

Oowera  enclo  led  In  i I    knlfBi  11 

a  large  ola  p  knife  roi  thi   pookci      lack 'man, 

dler    Wl  J-    "f    :'" 

(r;idcs  M  iolloq  I.  one  who  lia    the  knack  ol  turning  hui  hand 
.  work     j. ir  lantern,  :i     1.  a  wllUo'«the« 


I  .'  k  .1 

JHI) 

l  nil. 


N 


l.    I.       I      I.    II  !  |         |  >  |    III' 

I    podding,  \ 


I  a  <  k  ■  I .  I . 

.'■ 

Urk 
M   »">l    JHI  h   nursen  -rime 

.i  pail  of 
or  » ifc 
In  k  .  i.  I  .  I   .  clothe  orerj 

II  usually  not  extending  be- 

■  i  beat. 
j  i  k  Ketch,  \  public  executioner  or  hang- 

bangman  under  lami  -  1 1 
J»rk  von.  I.   tndren 

rhoma*    Jonathan,    '  -stonewall" 
I.  .A 
\t  v  .v:;  >;..     ;>op    Jl  mul        Jack--..   Ill-all.    . 
Jack    «<>n-tlll<  .  .11.  ,,.     A  elf. 

J  '   ■••''■  •  patriarch;  pr.H 

srnitor  of  the  larai  cxv,  .''■      Jacob's  ladder, 

•n   earth 

Jacob'*  ladder,  :    \  ;.,'     \  rope  ladder  with 
-  mounting  Into  the  lower  rigging. 
-ix-'an.  1  Jak"o-brsn;  2  Ja<  '  I  >f  or  pertain- 

'  Jamea  I    of  i  ngland,  and 
James  II  .  ...  I.  Jatu 

J.n    ■  -<■  i     hi 
Jar  .►-bin.    1    jako-bln:  2  Jac'o-bln.   n.      1.   A   member  'if  :i 
French  revolution.:-  igurated  the  Reign  of 

dissolved,  1798     S.  Hence,  an  extreme  revolu- 
Uot..-  i 

nec>.-  1  si  to  io  form  ;i  h 1      Jac"o-blii 'I- 

ral,  .      Jac"o-hln'lr:.     Jar  'o-hln-lsm,  n 
Jar  .-bite.  1  jak'o-balt:  2  J&c'o-blt.  n       \  if  Jamea 

line.  - 
Jar'o-blte.  :  Jar"»-blt  'lc: ;  Jar"i>-h]  I  'l-cal : .  Jac'o- 
bl~t l-rii .  (cloth.    [<   l 

)ari-tiit.    .  ;.<t:  2  j&r'o-:  N   cotton 

Jargur  ml-ni.t.  |   )ak'mi-no  or  (*'.)  z<\- 

'mi'mV.  n      A  decpred  hybrid  . 
'»<-qu'    •  i  be  .» asant 

insurrection  in  Frai  any  revolt  of  peaaaD 

Jicfutj:  see  jack.) 
Jar-ta'tlun.  1  Jak-te'shsn:  2  Jar-ta'shon.  n      1.  T).. 

•I.  n  riding. 

«  uitln«.    [<l..)acla:  I,  burl. j 

Jar  "M-tatton.    |      UCU-tl  ■,:,.    it.      1.   A 

•      ■  ;•     '  ir.'lylnt;.  jactation      '.'.    /  \  fnlntl  niBST 

i  the  injury  of  another;  an 

aril'-  ;     jni-iantim  n-) , 

■  if  jacto:  see  jv  ran 
Jar  u-lai.    .  j  Jac'yu-iat.  tt.     [-LAT"Kt<«:  -lat»- 

irl.  as  a  dar 

I  ii    ii-l.i'ilnii.    n       Jac'n-la-to"rj  ,   a. 
llatory. 

Jade,  1  |Cd;  2  jad,  •■  d  •  .  ]    To  weary 

or  become  weary  by  ha.-  iikk. 

Jade  ,  •      1.  •>.  .\  worthli 

son;  hussy      !. 

|<   Ice    jalda,  mare.]  —  Jad'lsb,  a.     1.  \ 

Unchaste. 
Jade3,  ri.    A  hard.  I  1  for  making 

[F.J    Jad:;  Jade'  =  stnne":. 

Jae'xer  I.    V  guiMlke  sea-bird  of  pr.-da- 

-  habits  with  the  middle  tail-feathers  projecting  far 
-.1  the  rest.    2.  A  huntsman  or  bunting 

•  •  rman  or  Au  inter,  < 

■   •  llv.  17. 

Ja'H,  _'  Ja'tl.  a     Mb.  An  Israelltlsh  heroine.    Judges 

Jaffa,  i  (aTe:  2  Jafa.  n.    A  town  In  Syria;  the  Joppa  of  the 

Bible,  nop.  45.000. 
Jag.  I  •'.'<. t.\,i.  lAa'ama.]    To  cut  in 

<<  lael  gag. 

Jaxg:.— Jag'ged,  a       Having    Jags  or   notefaei      Jag'gy:. 
Sjm^  see  eocoh.  — Jag'ged-lj,  'id'.     Jag'ged-ness,  n. 


I  ...  .....      ..       (nil.  rOl.-;    I.IFt.  bOrn- 

ii  ll..  K«>.  nAl,  Or,  »6ni  4:t« 

lag1,  n      I.    \  |.r..j. . - 1 1 r 1 1.-  point;  notch;  t....iti     ?.   afseA. 
...  oteh  | 

i  I  load  for  i  .".  [81aog  ] 

Jag'a-natb,  Jag'gur>nath,  ■.  .-.  i 

in.i  i 

II  'I     »  llll 

:  administer.    |  •    Per  j&.  place,    i 
king  |    Ja'ghln 
Jm  u.ir,  i  .  ;,  opard*lika 

'  '"  ' ''''"    -^*? 

.lark      spots  I  I    ■  ..■   "V  t;'' 

Jn  fUUra,    Jmiiiur  1        Ja-  1* 

if.ii.ir':.  I 

I  i-i.  id',  l  |e-hod':2  la-bid'. 

ti    [  \r  i    A  rellgloui  war  <.f  JuKnur. 

Mol  i    the  enemlei  of  thetr  faith. 

hoi]  wart. 
J;iil,  1  ji.  l'  jftl,  it,     A  building  or  place  for  the  oonfine- 

in. 'tit .  .f  arrested  persons  or  those  guilty  of  minor  offenaei 
.    Jail  |     gaol:.      Jail 'bird",  a.     A  BOO- 

vi.i      i.iir  iii'-iit"er-) ,  'i      i  in'  legal  disposal,  aa  by  trial 
and  condemnation  or  aoqulttal.  "f  the  moon  "f  p 
awaiting  trial;  also,  the  breaking  «.ni  or  Forcible  liberation  ..f 

firlaonera,      Jall'er,  n.    The  offloer  in  charge  ol  ■  J:'ii 
all'or:.    J.<ferer,  r».    Typhus  fever. 

Jain,  l  join.  2  jm  I.  a.  <  »f  m  pertaining  to  the  Jalni  or  Jaln- 
Ism.  II.  "  An  adherent  .if  Jalnlam  Jain  Ism,  n.  A 
Hindu  religious  system  which  combines  certain  elen  i 
Brahmanlsm  and  Buddhism,  Its  principal  distinctive  feature 
being  the  worship  of  sages  or  saints,  known  as  Jintu.  Etaad- 
heranta  control  ■  large  pari  of  the  trade  and  wealth  ..f  India. 

Jat-piir',  i  ini-piir';  2  li-p«r'.  n.    a  native  state  (IE 

111  ;  pop   2,637,0 ES.   Rajputann,  India;  also,  its  capital 

(pop.  137,01 

Ja'l-ru>,  1  j.'i-r iis  or  Ji-fil'rns:  2  Jii'l-rus  or  Ja-I'rus.  n.  Bib.  A 
ruler  oi  a  synagog  whose  daughter  Jesus  raised  from  the  dead, 

Jal'.ip,  l  jai'ep;  2  j&l'ap,  n,  The  dried  r, .. >t  ol  a  Mexican 
plant  useful  as  a  purgative.  |<  Jalapa  (town  in  Mex- 
ico).]   Jal'opt. — Ja-lap'lr,  a.        |i     Mexico;  pop.  25, 

Jj-ia'p.i.  i  ba-lfl'pa;  2  ha-U'pa,  n.    A  manufacturing  city  in 

Ja-lous'1,  1  J,.-!ii/'.  8  j.i-lu-'.  if.  A-  'l.  [Dial.,  Scot.)  To  sua- 
pect :  !"•  Jealous  or  suspicious.    Ja-loose'ti  ja-louse't. 

Ja"li»u"sle',  l  no'iQ'zi';  2  ziia'iir-' '  '  \  Venetian  blind:  a 
porti."  Bd  with  such  bunds.    [F.,  =  jealousy.] 

jam,  L  jam;  2  jam,  v,  [jaioied,  jaiid8:  jam'mim;.]  I.  (. 
1.  To  press  into  a  taghl  placej  crush.  '£.  To  fill  by 
crowding.  II.  i.  To  become  immovable  from  being 
crowded.  [Form  of  champ,  v.)  Syn.:  crowd,  crowd  In, 
crowd  up,  crush,  fore,  pack,  press,  push,  squeeae,  itironi;. 
Bee  insri.K  Ant.:  .mt.  free,  liberate,  loosen,  release,  re- 
lleve.  —jammed  on  the  wind  (ATaut.),  sailing  elose>hauled. 

Jam1,  n.  A  number  of  people  or  object  -  closely  crowded, 
>r  in.'  pressure  from  such  crowdlnR.     Syn.:  see  throng. 

Jam',  n.    A  pulpy.  Bweel  conserve  of  fruit. 

Ja-inal  Ca.  1  j ,.-in<-' k .• .  2  Ja-mfi'.-a.  n.  1.  An  Island  (1.103  M 
m.;  pop.  831.000),  British  \\  .  Indies;  capital,  Kingston.  2. 
Hum  produced  In  Jamaica. — Ja-mal  'can,  a.  &  n. 

Jamb.  1  jam;  2  jam,  n.  A  gidi  •posi  or  side  of  a  doorway, 
window,  etc.    (<  OF.  jambe.  legj 

James,  1  Jehu;  2  jflmg,  n.  1.  Hib.  One  of  two  apostles:  (1) 
J.  the  Greater,  executed  by  Herod  Aerlppa.  (2)  J.  the 
Less,  author  of  a  New  Testament  epistle.  2.  J.  VI.  of 
Scotland,  I.  of  England  (1666-  K'.-'")).  kinc  of  England  from 
1603.  :$.  J.  II.  (1633-  1701)  king  Of  Great  Britain.  1686;  de- 
posed. 168s  See  i  NOLAND.  4.  Henry  (1843-1916),  an 
American  novelist,  essayist,  and  critic  In  England.  5.  Wil- 
liam ( 1S42-1910),  an  American  psychologist  and  writer. 

James  Bay.    The  southern  projection  of  Hudson  Bay. 

Jame'son,  l  jem'ssn;  2  lam'son,  sir  Leander  Starr 
1917)  1  Bcotl i-h  iihv-ician:  administrator  In  South 
Africa— Jameson's  raid,  an  unsuccessful  raid  Into  the 
Transvaal,  headed  by  Dr.  I.,  s.  Jameson.  Dec.  29,  1895. 

lames  river.  A  river  In  Virginia;  length,  450  m.  to  Chesa- 
peake Bay. 

James'town,  1  Kmz'taun;  2  Jams/town,  n.  1.  A  manufac- 
turing city  In  W  New  York;  pop.  31,000.  2.  A  ruined  vil- 
lage m  1;  Virginia; :  ettlement  in  America.  ifl07. 

Jam-shld',  1  Jom-slild':  2  Jam-shid'.  n.  Persian  Myth.  An 
-  ing,  who  reigned  for  700  years. 

Jan..       ';r.     January. 

Jan'gle,  1  ja^'gl;  2  jan'gl.  I.  rf.  &  vi.  [jan'oled;  jan'- 
OLnro.]  To  make  discordant;  sound  discordantly; 
utter  with  harsh,  broken  Bounds:  hence,  to  wrangle; 
bicker.  II.  n.  Discordant  sound;  wrangling.  (Prob. 
Imitative.]  Syn.:  see  noise:  qi-akhki.  Jan'gllng,  n.  Dis- 
cord: wrangling;  senseless  babble. 

Jan'l-eu-lum,  1  Jan'i-klu-lum;  2  Jan'i-cO-lum,  n-  One  of 
the  seven  hllis  of  Rome. 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  hablt^   aisle:    an  =  out:    ell; 
431         2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,    cure,    but 


lu  =  feud;    ctiin;    go;    n  =  sing;    fliin,    this.         jackal 
,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  jelly 


Jan'l-na,  1  yfi'nl-na:  2  ya'nl-na,  n.  A  former  province 
(7,045  sq.  m.;  pop.  245,6 IS),  and  also  its  capital  (pop.  16,- 
800),  in  W.  European  Turkey;  taken  by  the  Greeks,  1913. 

jan  'i-tor,  1  jan'i-ter;  2  jan'i-tor,  n.  One  who  has  the  care 
of  a  building;  a  doorkeeper;  porter.  [L.,  <  janua, 
door.] — jan'i-tress,  n.  fern. 

Jan'i-za-ry,  1  jan'i-ze-n;  2  jan'i-za-ry,  n.  [-riesz,  pi.] 
One  of  the  former  body-guard  of  the  Turkish  sultans: 
suppressed  in  1826.  [<  F.  janissaire.]  jan'i-sa-ryt; 
Jan'ls-sa-ryt. 

Jan 'nock,  n.  [Prov.  Eng.  &  Scot.]  Oaten  bread;  a  cake. 

Jan'sen-ism,  1  jan'sen-izm;  2  jan'sen-igm,  n.  The  system 
formulated  by  the  Roman  Catholic  bishop  Cornelius  Jansen, 
A.  D.  1640,  holding  the  doctrines  of  irresistible  grace  and  of 
total  depravity. — Jan'sen-ist,  n. 

Jan'u-a-ry,  1  jan'yu-e-n;  2  jan'yu-a-ry,  n.  The  first 
month  of  the  year,  containing  31  days.  [<  L.  Janua- 
Tius,  <  Janns,  Janus.] 

Ja'nus,  1  je'nus;  2  ja'nus.  n.  Rom.  Myth.  An  ancient  Italian 
divinity,  god  of  beginnings,  having  two  faces,  looking  east 
and  west;  his  temple  was  closed  only  in  time  of  peace.  —  Ja'- 
nus=faced",  a.    Two-faced;  looking  both  ways;  deceitful. 

Jap.,  abbr.    Japan,  Japanese. 

ja-pan",  1  ja-pan';  2  ja-pan'.  I.  vt.  [ja-panned',  ja- 
pand'8;  ja-pan'ninq.]    To  lacquer  with  japan.     II.  n. 

1.  Lacquered  Japanese  work.  2.  A  hard  black  varnish. 
[<  Chin.  Jih'pun,  sunrise] 

Ja-pan'2,  n.  An  empire  of  S.  E.  Asia  (260,000  sq.  m.;  pop. 
66,000,000),  comprising  various  islands  and  Chosen — Ja- 
pan' sea,  between  Japan  and  Chosen. 

Jap"a-nese',  1  jap"a-nis';  2  jap"a-nes'.  I.  a.  Belonging 
to  Japan  or  its  people.  II.  n.  A  native  of  Japan  or  the 
language  of  Japan. 

Jape,  1  jep;  2  jap.  I||.  vt.  &  vt.  To  joke;  jest;  mock.  II.  n. 
Ajest:jibe.  [<  OF.  japer,  jest.]—  jap'erf,  «.  — jap'er-yt,  n. 

Ja'pheth,  1  je'fefh;  2  ja'feth,  n.  Bib.  The  third  son  of  Noah. 
Gen.  v,  32. — Ja-pbet'ic,  a.  Pertaining  to  Japheth;  loosely, 
Aryan,  as  opposed  to  Semitic  and  Hamitic. 

Jar,  1  jar;  2  jar,  j).  [jarred;  jar'ring.]  l.t.  To  cause  to 
tremble  or  shake;  agitate.  II.  i.  1.  To  rattle.  2.  To 
clash;  conflict.  3.  To  shake  or  tremble.  4|.  To  tick; 
beat.    [<  AS.  ceorian,  murmur.]    Syn.:  see  shake. 

jar1,  ra.  1.  A  shaking,  as  from  a  sudden  shock.  2.  A  dis- 
cordant sound;  discord;  strife.    Syn.:  see  quarrel. 

Jar2,  n.  A  deep,  wide-mouthed  vessel  of  earthenware  or 
glass.  [<  Per.  OF.  jarrah,  jar.] — Leyden  jar,  a  con- 
denser for  static  electricity,  consisting  of  a  glass  Jar  coated 
inside  and  out  with  tin-foil  nearly  to  the  top.    Ley  den  vial  \. 

Jar"di"niere',  1  3ar"di"nyar';  2  zhar"di'"nyer',  n.  An  orna- 
mental pot  or  stand,  as  of  porcelain,  for  flowers  or  plants  1 1-  ] 

Jar'gon,  1  jdr'gan;  2  jar'gon.  I.  vi.  To  talk  in  jargon; 
gabble.  II.  n.  1.  Confused,  unintelligible  speech  '!. 
The  dialect  of  a  special  sect  or  fraternity;  cam.  [OF., 
gibberish.]    Syn.:  see  language.  (of  pear     |  F  ] 

Jar"go-nelle',  1  jur"go-nel';  2  jar"go-nel',  n.    An  early  variety 

jarl,  1  ydrl  or  jarl;  2  yiirl  or  jarl,  n.  Scand.  Hist.  1.  A 
nobleman.    2.  A  chieftain;  earl,    (lee,  earl.] 

Jar'row,  1  jar'o;  2  jar'o,  n.  A  mining  town  and  river  port  In 
N.  England;  the  home  of  Bede;  pop.  34,000. 

Jas.,  abbr.    James.  [yarn. 

Ja'sey,  1  je'si;  2  ja'sy,  re.  [Dial.,  Eng.]  A  wig  made  of  worsted 

jas  'mine,  1  1  jas'min;  2  jas'min,  ».     1.  An  ornamental 

Jas'min8,  J  plant  with  fragrant,  generally  white,  flowers. 

2.  One  of  various  other  plants,  as  the  Cape  jasmi  ne, 
the  Carolina  or  yellow  jasmine,  etc,  (<  Per."  ytix- 
mln.]    Jas'mlnf;  jes'sa-minl;  jcs'sa-iiilnef. 

Ja'son,  1  Je'san;  2  ja'son,  n.  dr.  Mi/lli.  The  leader  of  the 
Argonauts  in  quest  of  the  <  lolderj  Fleece.    See  Argo 

Jas'per,         )  1  jas'par,  -ait;  2  j&s'pSr,  -It,  n.     I.  An  im- 

Jas'per-ite, )  pure,  opaque,  colored  variety  of  quartz, 
2.  Bib.  A  stone  in  the  breastplate  of  the  high  priest. 
[<  Gr.°F  iaspis.  jasper]  [80,000. 

Jas'sy,  1  yds'I;  2  yiis'y,  n.    A  city  In  N.  E.  Koumunia.  pop, 

Jaud,  1  jed;2  jad,  n.  [Scot.]  A  jade. 

Jauncct,  v.  <t  n.    Same  as  jolt. 

Jaun'dice,  \  1  jfin'dis  or  jen'dis;  2  jan  die  »r  jan'dic.    I. 

jaun'dis",  )  vt.  [jaun'diced1;  jaun'dic-incj.]  To  affect 
with  or  as  with  jaundice;  fill  (the  mind)  with  prejudice 
or  envy.  II.  n.  1.  A  disease  due  toobsl  ructed  excrel  ion 
or  disordered  action  of  bile,  characterized  by  yellov  m 
of  the  skin,  and  of  the  fluids  and  tie  lies  '!■  A  mental 
condition,  as  in  jealousy  or  prejudice,  in  which  t  he  judg- 
ment is  warped.     (<  OF.  jaunisne,   <  jaune,  j 

Jaunt,  1  jant or  jent;  2  jant  or  jant,  I*,  m  I.  To  ramble 
or  rove  about.  2.  To  ride  on  a  jaunting-car.  3  I .  To  be 
jolted;  jounce.  II.  n.  I.  A  short  journey;  B  pleasure- 
trip.  2f.  A  jolting;  jounce.  [Cp.  Sw.  dial  ganta,  be 
foolish.]—  Jauiit'ingscar",  n.  A  two-wiieeieii  vehicli  com 
mon  in  Ireland,  having  seats  placed  lengthwise,  I 

back,  and  extending  over  the  wheels,  Tor  carrying  four  per- 
sons besides  the  driver,  who  has  a  small  sent  In  from 


Jaunt'y,  1  jant'for  jent'Ji;  2  jant'for  jant'Jv,  a.  [jaint'i- 
er;  jaunt'i-est.]  Affecting  a  careless  ease  >>r  self. satis- 
faction; sprightly.  (<  F.  ffenttV;  see  gentle.]  jant'yi. 
— Jaunt'i-ly,  adv.—  jaunt 'l-ness.  n. 

Ja'va,  1  ja'va;2  ja'va,  n.  A  Dutch  island  (50.554  sq.  m.;  pop. 
30,098,000)  in  Malay  Archipelago.      Ja\"a-ncsc',  a.  A  n. 

jave'lill,  1  jav'hn;  2  jav'lin,  n.  A  short,  light  spear,  used 
as  a  missile  weapon.    (OF.,  <  Cell  1 

jaw1,  1  jo;  2  ja.  l.vt.&vi.  [Slang]  To  scold.  II.  n.  1. 
One  of  the  two  structures  forming  the  framework  of  the 
mouth.  2.  One  of  the  bones  forming  the  skeleton 
of  these  organs;  a  maxilla  or  a  mandible  jaw  'shone"  j. 
3.  Anything  like  or  suggesting  such  an  organ,  as  one  of 
the  gripping  parts  of  a  vis.-:  often  used  liguratn  i 
the  jaws  of  death.  4.  [Slang.]  Needless  talk;  scolding: 
abuse.    [ME.  jawe,  <  cheowen  (  <  AS.  cedwar*     chew.] 

Jaw2.  [Scot]  I.  vt.  &  tl.  To  pour  rapidly;  splash,  .lash 
plunge.    II.  n.    A  flood  of  liquid :  a  wave. 

Jax-ar'tes,  1  jaks-ur'tiz;  2  jaks-iir'tes,  r».    See  Syk-Dabta. 

jay,  1  je;  2  ja,  n.  1.  A  small  crowlike  bird  of  brilliant 
coloring.  See  bird.  2.  [Slang.]  A  poor  actor;  also,  a 
country  bumpkin;  greenhorn.  :jf.  A  coarse  or  loud 
woman.    [OF.,  <  got;  see  gay,  a,] 

jay'hawk"er,  1  je'hSk'ar;  2  Ja'hak'Sr,  n.  1.  [U.  S]  a  border- 
ruffian  or  guerrilla.    2.  [Western  U.  S]  A  tarantula. 

Jay.  John  (1745-1829).  An  American  lawyer,  statesman 
and  diplomat;  first  chief  Justice  of  the  United  states 

jazz'-band".  1  jaz'-band";  ■>  Jaz'»band*,  n  \  company  of 
musicians  who  play  rag-time  music  In  discordant  tones  on 
various  Instruments,  as  the  banjo,  saxophone,  trombone. 
flageolet,  drum  and  piano. 

jaz'er-ant,  1  jaz'ar-ant;  2  jaz'cr-ant.  n.  Armor  consisting  of 
small  overlapping  metal  plates  quilted  Into  a  cloth  or  velvet 
Jacket.    [OF.,  <  Sp.jacerina,  <  As.JazOlr,  Algiers  I 

J.  V.,  abbr.  Jesus  Christ.  Julius  Ca\sar.  JuriseotlSlllttU  (I.., 
jurisconsult),  Justice-Clerk.  J.  ('.  !>.,  abbr.  [I. .]  Juris 
Civilis  Doctor  (Doctor  of  civil  Law).  — J.  D.,  abbr.  [L.J 
J  mum  Doctor  (Doctor  of  Laws). 

jeal'OUS,  )  1  jel'os;  2  jel'lis,  a.     1.  Apprehensive  of  being 

jel'ous9,  j  displaced  by  a  rival;  revengeful  on  account  of 
tickle  treatment  or  the  like.    2.  Earnestly  and  anxiously 

suspicious;  vigilant  in  guarding;  watchful      :l.  1  ieinaiui- 
ing  exclusive  worship  and  love:  applied   to  God,    Ex. 
xx,  5.     4||.  Zealous.     5f.   Fearful;  doubtful.     [<     0] 
jalous,  <  Ll,.  zelosvs,  <  L.  zeliu,  zeal.]    Syn,:  see  envious 
-ly,  ad",     -ness,  n.     — jeal'ous-j,  n.     |-iesz.  ;)/.] 

jean,  1  jen  or  jin;  2  jan  or  jen,  n      A  twilled  undi 
cloth  of  cotton  and  wool.  [  <  L.or  Genua,  Genoa    Ita] 
Ian  city).]    Jeans}. 

jebh,  1  jeh;  2  jeh.  Sir  lilchar.l  Clawrhoilsc  (1841  1905) 
A  Scottish  classical  scholar;  critic,  author,  and  translator. 

Jed  Mart,  a.  [Scot.]  Of  or  pertaining  to  Jedburgh,  a  bonier 
town  of  Scotland.     Jed 'wood).      Jcddart  slalf,  a  Kind  of 

battle-ax.    .led wood  aif.—  J.  Justice,  banging  a  Buspected 

criminal  and  holding  the  trial  afterward 

jeer,  1  jir;  2  jer,    I.  vt.  &  vi.    To  scoff  at;  ridicule;  mock 

II.  n.      A    derisive  and    flouting  word    or    speech.     (< 

md.  scheeren,  jest.]    Syn.:  (verb)  see  »<<<  k.  scoff;  (noun) 

see  sneer.- -Jeer 'or,  n. 
Jef'fer-son,  1  jef'ar-sen;  2  J6f8r-son      1.   Jos<'iili 

1905),   an  American  actor.     'I.  Thomas   (171.:    1826 

PRESIDENT.     Jef"fer-so'iil-an.  u. 
Jef'fer-son  City.   The  capital  oi  Missouri;  pop  12.000 

Jeffrey,   1   jef'n;  2  jerry,   Krancls.   Lord    (1773    I860).     A 

Scottish  critic  anil  cssa\  Isl ;  Lord  Advocate 
Jeffreys,   1   jef'n/.;  8   jef'rys.   George   (1648    1689),    Baron 

Jeffreys  of  Wem.  An  English  judge,  held  ihe  Blood]   \ 
.lr-iiosira-ph.it.   i   Ji-hesh's-fat;  2  le-hosh'a-fat,   n 

King  of  Judah  about  873  848  B  C.    t  Kings  xxii,  n 
Jc-hii'vah,  1  ji-ho\,.;  2  je-hS'va,  n      Lord;    peciBcally, 

the  covenant  God  ol  theHebre«  people   I  ■    Heb   I 

usuall]  written  VahOwah,  \uib  the  vowel-points  ol  Adon&l, 

Lord,  the  original  word,  d    Hi.  ineffable  divine  oa being 

never  pr lunced  by  the  Hebrews.] 

Jc'iiu1,  l  jriiin;  2J0'hn.  n.  [Colloq.]  I.Afastorfuj  ou  drlvei 

':.   Lcoac an  or  driver    I     Jehu,<9Kingt\\,2Q).\ 

Je'bu>,  n    Bib   The  tenth  king  of  1  Iconps 

Jels'tle-cor,  l  jis'n  i  Same  as  jdbtb-au* 

je-June',  L  ji-jQn';  2  je-jun',  a     Lifeh     ;  dry;  dull     I  ■ 

i    i.iuuii..  hungry  I    syn     si  m  -h  ■  -neni,  n 

|e-iu  imiiii.  i  ii  in  n  in.ii    [-NA.pf.l    rhe upper 

two  llftll     01   '  he  poi  I  Ion  Ol  Ihl     .mall  Intestine  . 

i  h,  duodenum     [1     neut.  of  jfi    in  •     hu 
Jel'ii-coe.  I  lel'i  ko;     |l  I'l  eo,  sir  John  Kuiibwortli 

i    British  admiral;  command*  lloel    1914    IS 

Jellied,  I  lel'id;  Z  lel'ld,  a     Brought  toa 

jelly,  l  lei's :  3  Jfil'j      i         i ■   ■       i ..  nun 

n,  |ell]      II.  a     in  i'i  ii    '.  pJ  I     br    i  no  olid  gluilnoui 
substance  that  «m  quiver  when  shaken   but  will  noi  Qow, 
as  frulujuloe  boiled  down  v\nii  sugar     |      (|i    oelee,  tern 
[•  i •    ol  oiler,  freese.l    jcfi)  ■iisii".  n      \  simple  dl 
in;,  ine  animal  ol  |eliy»lll  i  appi  a and  >  si  Kin 


J 
J 

Ml. 1                            J       0 

•  hlisCon      .     .» 

J 
J 

p   .»r<l    . 

l->. 

1 

-I-. 

i    \  twining 

|.  -qui  r  I-'  >  I.  -(|iilr  'l-l> 

»l  in  medicine. 


hi  w  uriil  mouse>llk< 


i 


i  il  .ih.  r*i-mol'o:  2  l*r*e- 

l.  A  Hi    n  .v   prophet 

■ 
! 

•  ni  'ad, 
ftcn  used 

i   -  v.  •.      \  town  In  s   \v   Spain:  a 

iherry,  to  which  it  gave  the 

indent  city  of 

..  in  wails  (ill  before 
by  the  BritlUi 
).-rW  .  I  !.  To  give  a 

thrive  manner      '!. 
II.  rp  pull, 

|<  rk  | .  jerk  'i-i>. 

J,  rk  .      I. 

ii.  jerked 

. 
Ji-r'kin.  \    waist 

iniir  jerkin,  a  j'  rkin  of 
loth. 
i  ni.  am,  n.    Rib.    A  Jew- 

ish leader  m 

rael,  as  dlstli.. 
I 
J    -r.ni.  '...-.  Saint 

.  the  Vulgate. 

|i  r-n  -•   I 

i  iQdlngs  or  does 

J   r 'r>  i 
bullil"«r:.      '!. 

' 
jirr>  hiiiiii  iiw.         J.ibullt,  a.     Hastily  and  dlmslly 

•  r.  MiKlt. 

I. 

II. 

I .  '  in  the  i  .  ind  ol 

I  for  rich  inilk  and 
lore  lit  .- i i i  r t 

ting  i  lastic  woolen 
I.   ,-]  1  ine  woolen  yarn,  or 
I 
mas;  45  sq.  m.; 


J.  r   ■■  ■ 

J.  -ni  '-  ■-!■  m, 


- 
.-nil  II    . 

1  Jes't:  2  Jfcfe 


A  manuf 

'UK). 
I   Ji-fD's- 

-    and  later  ol  the  king- 
captured 
Dec   10.  1917. 

i  ...  'i  to  the 

rlaodo 

irl.j 

•nlri,    n.      The   jas- 

[iv,  17. 

Rib.    The  father  of  DavlrJ.     Ruth 


I  il  ii      1'Orn; 

■  I     i      i      w6 .  in 

lea'aei   tun*  • 
I  i     joke  with  or  about; 

il.        i . 

I,    i  he 

m  ii      jest'> 
:  muri  fool 
.1.  -  ii-ii  .  ]  I.  A  mi         '  ,,f  the 

■ 
i  i        la  in  1034       :.    \   lubtlo 

i    .'  .  -    i    ./ 

-II    Ii  .  Ji  If     ll-ll    l-i    ll  .  .        Je-."ll-ll  'I-imI-I\  . 

Jcs'll-ll-l-in. 

Jc'kui,  i.  i  be  i  ounder  ol  i  oris 

Je'su 

:t.  i  (no  •  •(  \  .ii  lot] 
i.i 
1 1 1 
let,  l  .  ino.]    i.r...  ri.it 

'.'.  1 1  ■  project .  jut . 
:i  .  i  ,.  h 

i.i.         1.  That  wl  •  Son ,    'i.  A 

Bnout  or  noile      .'I.  \  pn  or  overhanging  course 

of  bricks  or  the  like;  jut.    |l   | 

I.  \  rich  black  varo  tj  ol  mineral  ooal,  u 
ornaments      '!■   The   color   ol    jet;   deep   blaok      Jei 
i-ii.  k  .     i  'I   | 
let  d'eao.  1  [jets  d'eau,  pJ.]    A  jet  of  water; 

fountain      i       |et-teau'f;  Jette  d'eaut;  Jet-to'f. 
|ef  '-.mi.  1  2  i  I  I.  Part  of  1  be  ■ 

oy  erboard  to  lighten  her  when  in  < limner  of 

sinking;  any  g la  i  brow  o  overboard     <  lompare  i  i  o  i  - 

bam     '!■  Jettison.    |<  OF.  getaiaon,  <  I 

<  Jricio,  hurl. | 

let'tl-son,  l  jei'i-s.m;  g  JeYI-son,  n.  1.  The  throwing  over- 
board ol  good  ■  or  cargo,  especially  from  n  ship  in  danger  of 
foundering.    Compare  jetsam      .'  OF   uitnt- 

eo  jumm.]  Jet'il-M>n,  u.  To  throw  overboard,  as 
goods,  etc  [    Jei  'ti-iu-ss,  n. 

Jel  'I  y.  1  jet't;2  jfit'y,  a,    Like  or  made  of  jet;  black  mm  jet. 

jei  "()  ,  n  !  .ii  I  'i  ii  B*,  /./  J  1.  A  .-I  met  ore  iii  a  body  of 
water  Borvii  g  to  control  w  divert  a  current,  pi 

harbor,  nr  the  like,  or  OS  a  wharf  m  pier.     '■!.   Arch,  A 

pan  nf  a  building  projecting  and  overhanging.    I  <  OF. 

Jetee,  prop.  tern.  pp.  otjeuer,  throw.]    Jutt  'j  t. 
|ea  il'es"prii ',  i  50  ii,-.  pit';  2  ihO  des'prl'.    A  play  ol  wit  or 

fancy.    [F.j 
Jew,  1  jfl;  2  jo,  n.    1.  A  member  of  the  Hebraic  division 

of  the  Semitic  race;  a  Hebrew  ;  Israelite.    'I.  <  Iriginally, 

a  member  of  the  tribe  or  of  the  kingd  >m  of  Judah     3. 

[Slang.]   A   crafty   dealer,   or  grasping   moneylender. 

fjjlt.  Wflft.  Judah,  son  of  Jaioi.  I     Wandering 

Jew.    1.  The  shoemaker  Ahaauerua,  fabled  to  be  condi  mned 

in   wander   perpetuall ,    fur   driving    ChrlSl    from    his   door; 

hence,  a  restless  wanderer.   2.  An)  oneol  several  ornamental 

trailing  planus.  — Jew 'ess,  n.     A  female  Jew.      Jcu'isli,  ,1 

—  Jew'ry,  n.  1.  Jmiea.  'i.  a  ward  of  a  city  set  apart  fur 
or  Inhabited  bj  Jews;  a  Jews,  Quarter.    3.  Jews  colleol 

the  Jewish  pi 

jew  '.  I,  L  jO'el;  2  ju'i'i.     I.  if.     |.n  w 'i.i.ki>  or  jkw'ki.i.i.p; 
ji.v.  '  1 : 1 .  - 1  n-  1 ;  nr  .n.u  '1:1.-1. i.mi.)    To  adorn  with  jewel        i 
Is  in.    II.  n.    1.  A  precious  stone;  gem;  especially 
one  set  in  precious  metal.    ''.  Anything  of  rare  excel- 
lence nr  speeial  value,     '.i.  A  bil  "t  pn  cioUS  Btoni 

tal,  or  gla  "1  a  durable  bearing,  as  for  a 

wateli'pivnt.  |<  OF.  jinn!,  dim  of  joie;  Bee  jot,  n.l — 
)ew 'el-er,  n  a  dealer  In  or  maker  of  jewelry.  Jew'el- 
ler:.  Jew'el-ry,  >i.  1.  Jewels  collectively.  2.  The  an  of 
mounting  \>r-  trade  of  a  Jeweler   Jew'el-ler-yJ. 

je»  'i>h".  1  ja'flsn*; 2  Ju'flsh*,  ".    1.  <  me  of  various  lai 
•  .(  American  water     ';.  1 1.'  tarpon. 

Jen  "s':||iirp",   1  joz/'liorp";  'Z  jus'-liarp",   ;/.      I.   A   small 

trumenf  with  a  lyre'shaped  metal  frame  and 
a  In  at  metallic  tongue.  'I-  fVaut.  The  shackle  that  con- 
ned ile  with  .-in  anchor«ring. 

.|e/'e-hel.  1  ]./.'i-l.el;  2  Jez'e-hel.  n.  Rib.  1.  The  wife  of  Ahah; 
notorious  for  her  evil  life.  /  Kings  xvl.  31.  '£.  Hence,  a 
holil.  vlClOUB,  or  cruel  woman. 

Jib,  1  jit*;  2  jib,  i  n  [jibbed;  jiii'hino.]  To  move  restively 
sidewise  or  backward,  a-  a  horse.  (  <<  il    ./■'»  r,  Btruggle.] 

jih  .  '.   tri      rulai    -  i.i.    ■'  "ii  a    '  ij   anq  extending 

from  tin-  foretopmast'head  to  the  jib«boom  or  the  bow- 
sfirit  8e<  -'iin.iNi.it,  |  <  jiiik  ]  flylriK  jib.  a  jib  set 
indlng  jih.  on  an  exb  Dded  boom,  called 
the  flyinpjfb  boom.  —  Jlb'  =  hoom",  n.  A  spar  formlnt;  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  bowsprit. 

jih  ,  winging  boom  of  a  crane. 

Jibe1, 1  joib;  2  jib,  vt.  &  vi  Naut.  [jibed;  jiu'ino.]  1.  To 
swing  or  shift  from  one  side  of  a  vessel  to  the  other,  as  a 


.__     1:»  =  final;    i  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    Iu  =  feud;    diin;    go;    n,  =  sinff;    fhin,   this.  Jena 

1&&     2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,  but,  bum;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;  thin,   this.     Johnston 


fore=and=aft  sail;  tack;  shift.  2.  [Colloq.]  To  agree. 
[  <  Dan.  gibbe.] 

jibe2.     Same  as  gibe.  [jifft- 

jif  fy,  1  jif'i;  2  jif'y,  n.     [Colloq.]    An  instant;  moment. 

Jig,  1  jig;  2  jig,  ».  [jigged;  jig'ging.]  I.  {.  1.  To  sing  or 
play  in  jig  time  (6/s  or  «/s  time).  2.  To  jolt.  (1)  To 
separate  (ore)  by  jolting.  (2)  To  drill,  as  a  well,  with  a 
jolting  mechanism.  3.  Mach.  To  form  with  the  aid  of 
jigs.    4.  To  play  a  joke  on.    II.  i.    To  dance  a  jig. 

jig,  n.  1.  A  light,  gay  dance  to  a  rapid  tune,  or  the  music 
for  it.  2.  A  practical  joke.  3.  Mach.  (1)  A  tool  orfixture 
used  to  guide  cutting=tools.  (2)  A  jolting  mechanism.  4. 
A  fish=hook  having  a  loaded  shank.  [<OF.  gigue,<  MD. 
ghighe,  fiddle.]—  jig'ssaw",  n.  A  line,  narrow  saw  set  ver- 
tically in  a  frame,  so  as  to  be  moved  rapidly  up  and  down. 

jig'ger1,  1  jig'ar;  2  jlg'er,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which 
jigs.  2.  One  of  various  jolting  mechanisms.  Specifi- 
cally: (1)  An  apparatus  for  separating  ores  by  jolting 
in  sieves  in  water.  (2)  A  potters'  wheel.  3.  A  small 
spanker  sail  set  on  a  short  mast  in  the  stern  of  a  canoe. 
— jig'ger=mast,  n.  The  after  mast  in  a  yawl  or  a  four= 
masted  vessel. 

jig'ger2,  n.    A  flea,  tick,  or  the  like. 

iig'geta,  i  jig'et;  2  jig'et,  vi.    1.  To  jig.    2.  To  be  pert. 

jig'gle,  1  jlg'l;  2  jig'l,  vl.  &  vi.    1.  To  shake  slightly;  joggle. 

2.  To  move  unsteadily  up  and  down  or  backward  and  for- 
ward; rock;  jerk.    [Freq.  of  jig,  v.] 

Jill1, 1  jil;2  jll,  n.    A  gill.    [Var.  of  gills,  n.] 

Jill2,  n.    1.  A  young  woman;  sweetheart.    2.  A  female  ferret. 

3.  A  cup.     [<  Jille,  fern,  name,  <  L.  Juliana,  <  Julius.] 
jilt,  1  jilt;  2  jilt.    Id.  vt.  &  vi.    To  discard,  as  a  lover;  be 

deceitful  in  love.  II.  n.  One  who  capriciously  discards 
a  lover.    [  <  Jille,  fern,  name.] 

jim'my,  1  jim'i;  2  jim'y,  n.  A  burglars'  crowbar:  some- 
times made  in  sections.     [<  Jimmy,  dim.  of  James.] 

jimp,  a.  [Scot.]  1.  Slender;  natty;  neat.  2.  Scanty;  scarce. 
[<jump,  ».]    jimp'yt.—  jimp,  adv.    jinip'lyj;  jimp'yj. 

Jim  'sons weed",  1  jim's8n=wid";  2  jim'son=wed",  n.    A  com- 
mon poisonous  weed  of   the  nightshade 
family.     [Cor.  of    Jamestotcwweed,   first 
observed   in  Jamestown,    Va.]     jinip'- 
sont;  jimp'sonsweed"}:;  jim'sonj. 

jin'gle, )  1  jin'gl;  2  jin'gl.  [jin'gl(e)dp; 

jin'gF,  }  jin'gling.]     I.   vt.   &   vi.     To 
make  a  slight,  tinkling,  ringing  soun 
II.  n.     1.  A  tinkling  or  clinking  soun 
also,  that  which  produces  it.     2.  Any 
pleasing    succession     of     rhythmical 
sounds.  3.  [Austral.  &  Ir]  A  one=horse     _  imson.weed. 
carriage  or  car.      [Freq.  of  chink1,  v.] 

jin'glet,  1  jin'glet;  2  jin'glet,  n.  1.  A  small  free  metallic  ball 
used  as  the  clapper  of  a  globular  sleigh=bell.  2.  Any  small 
jingling  appendage. 

Jin'go,  1  jin'go;  2  jin'go,  n.  Poltt.  One  in  favor  of  an  aggres- 
sive foreign  policy.  —  Jln'go-lsh,  a.  —  Jin'go-lsm,  n. 

jln'nee,  1  jin'i;  2  jin'e,  re.  jinx,  ;;/.]  Mtham.  Myth  A 
spirit  fabled  to  have  been  under  the  control  of  Solo- 
mon.    [<  Ar.  jinnln.}    jlat;  jinnj;  jin'nit. 

jln-rik'i-sha,  1  jin-rik'i-sna;  2  jin-nk'i-siia,  n.  A  small  two* 
wheeled  carriage  drawn  by  one  or  two  men.  [.lap.]  jln- 
rick'sliat;  jfn-rik'shaj. 

jlt'ney,  1  jlt'm;  2  jit'ny,  re. 
[Local  Ti.  S.]  1.  A  small  coin:  a 

nickel. 2. A  motor-vehicle that 
carries  passengers  for  a  fan' 
of  live  cents.  (Perh.<  F.jeton, 
small  metal  disk]  [JUTSU. 

Jl"u;jut"su',  n.     Same  as  ju» 

J.J.,  abbr.  Justices.  —  Jno., 
abbr.  John. — Jo.,  abbr.  Joel. 

Jo,  1  jo;  2  Jo,  re.  [Scot.]  A 
sweetheart  of  either  sex; 
lover.    [<  F.  jote,  JOT.]  Joct. 

Jo'ab.  1  jo'ab;  2  jo'ab,  n.  /lib.  David's  nephew  ami  com- 
mander-in-chief of  his  army.  2  Sam.  wili,  2. 

Joan  of  Arc,  1  jon;  2  Jon.  (1112  1431.)  "The  Maid  of  Or- 
leans/' a  French  heroine;  compelled  the  English  to  raise  the 

siege  oT  Orleans;  later  fell  imo  theii   hand    and  Was  burned, 

Jo'ash,  1  jo'ash;2  jiVash.  n     i:ib.    I .  King  of  Judali,  s:i7   7117 

B.  C     2  Kings  xl,  2.     2.   King  of  Israel.  798   790  B.  C.     2 

Kings  xiil,  10.  _ 

job1, 1  job;  2  job.     l.vt.&vi.     [jOBBl  ■!.;  .K.n'iiiNci  ]    I.  To 

buy  in  bulk  and  resell  in  lots.  '-'•  To  do,  or  cau  e  to  be 
done,  by  the  job;  sublet.  ::.  [Eng.]  Tohire.orbii 
by  the  job.  4.  To  work  for  one's  ow  n  adi  antage  under 
pretense  of  working  for  othei  ,  and  especially  for  the 
public.  II.  n.  1.  A  piece  of  wort  done,  oi  to  be  done, 
as  a  whole.  2.  Any  scheme  for  making  mom  \  unfairly, 
especially  at  public  expense  3.  [Colloq.]  \s\  event, 
r-ircumstaiice,  or  chance.  4.  [Colloq.]  Vn  engagement  to 
work;  employment.  qVf.Alump.  |-   gob,  lump:  of  Celtic 


Jlurlklsha. 


origin.]  jobbf.  Syn.:  see  business;  task.—  lob'ber,  n.  l. 
A  middleman.     2.  An  intriguer.     3.  <  >.  by  the 

job.— job'ber-y,  n.    [-IES*,  pi.]    The  act  or  practise  of  Jolv- 
bing;  in  a  bad  sense,  low   intriguing. —  job'=print"ci . 
One  who  does  miscellaneous  printing.— Job>prlntln{ 

job2,  vt.  &  vt.    To  stab;  jab.   [  <  Ir.  &  Gael,  gob,  beak  of  a  bird] 
job,  a.    That  may  he  bought,  sold,  or  used  by  the  Job       |ol> 

lot,  a  lot  of  miscellaneous  goods  sold  in  the  lump. 
Job,  1  job;  2  job.  n.  Jan.  The  chief  character  In  the  Hook  ol 

Job:  a  type  of  patience  under  affliction.-  Job's  comforter. 

[Colloq.]  1.  One  who  professes  to  comfort,   but   do 

opposite.    2.  A  boil. 
Jo-cas'ta,  1  jo-kas'ta;  2  jo-cas'ta,  re.  Gr.  Myth.  The  wife  of 

Laius.  and  mother  of  CKdipus.    See  (F.dipus. 
jock'ey,  1  jok'i;  2  jok'y.    I.  vt.  &  n.    [jock'byed;  jock'- 

ey-ing.]    1.  To  play  the  jockey  with;  be  tricky; 

2.  Racing.  To  take  unfair  advantage  of ,  as  bj  rid 
front  of.     3.  To  maneuver  for  position,  as  in  a  yacht- 
race.    II.  n.    1.  One  employed  to  ride  horses,  especially 
at  races.    2.  One  who  takes  undue  advantage  in  trade. 

3.  A  horsestealer.  [  <  Jacky,  dim.  of  Jack]  JOCk'j  j. 
— jock'ey-ism,  re. 

jock'te-leg,  re.  [Scot.]  A  jack-knife,   joc'te-legt. 
jo-cose', 1  jo-kos';  2  jo-cos',  a.     (  If  the  nature  of  B  joke; 

jocular.    [<  L.  jocoa,  <  jocuaus,  joke.] 

Syn.:  droll,  facetious,  funny,  humorous,  jocular,  merry, 

sportive,  waggish.    See  ubbbt;  vivacious 

Ant.:  care-worn,  cheerless,  doleful,  dreary,  dull,  grave,  lugu- 
brious, melancholy,  miserable,  mournful,  rueful,  sad.  seri- 
ous, solemn,  sorrowful,  uoful. 

— jo-cose 'ly,  adv.     Jo-cose'ness,  re—  Jo-cos 'l-ty,  r». 
joc'u-lar,  a.    1.  Being  in  a  joking  mood;  making  Jol 
Jocose.    Syn j  see  humorous;  jocosb.    joc'u-la-to-r>   . 
joc"u-lar'i-ty,  re.— joc'u-lar-l>,  adv.     Joc'und, 
ing  a  blithe  or  gay  disposition  or  appearance;  Jovial;  sport- 
ive.   Syn.:  see  cheerful;  happy;  merry;  viva*     it         |o» 
cun'dl-ty,  n.  -  jnc'und-ly,  rut  v.    Joc'nnd-ness, 
Jo'cl,  l  jo'ei;  2  jo'ci.  n.  nth.  i.  a  Hebrew  prophet 

Samuel.    2.  The  bonk  containing  Ins  prophecies. 

Joftre,  1 3Qfr;  Szhotr,  Josepb  Jacques  Cesalre  (1852-  ). 
A  French  field-marshal;  conducted  campaign  against 
Germans.  1914. 

jog,  1  jeg;  2  jog.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [ jogged;  jog'ging 
push  or  move  with  a  jog;  nudge.  II.  /,.  I.  \ 
push,  as  with  the  elbow;  any  slight  '.'.    \ 

slow,  jolting  motion.     3.  Mach    [U.S.]    \   notch      ^■ 
[U.  S.]  Any  angle  or  break  in  a  line  or  surface,    I  •    w 
gogi,  shake.]— jog 'ger.  n. 

Jog'gle, )  1  jeg'l;2  jdg'l.    l.vt.&vi.    [joo'ai 

jOg'lp,     )  QLING.]      To   shake    slightly;  jog;    jolt.        D. 

1.  An  irregular  shake;  jog;  jolt,     Z.  A  joinl  bj 
of  which  a  piece,  as  oi  stone,  is  fitted  to  another.     3,   \ 
dowel.    4.  A  shoulder  to  receive  the  thrust  of  a  bi 
strut.     [Freq.  of  jog.]     Syn.:  see  8HAXB. 

Jo-ban 'ncs-burg,  l  Jo-han'es-bui 
chief  town  (pop,  237,000)  oi  the  w  Itwatersrand 
Transvaal  province,  Union  of  South  Ai 

John,  l  Jon;  2  jon,  ;;.    i.  Bib,  The  son  of  Zebedee;  beloved 
disciple  of  Jesus;  author  of  the  gospel  bearing  his  name  and 
of  the  Revelation     St.  John  the  Divine;.    2,   i. 
of  Zacharias;  the  forerunner  ol  Jesus;  beheaded  b 
Antipas  (28),    John  the  BaptUtt.    S.John    'J 
(1167-1216),  king  of  England;  compelled  i  i 

<  'aria.  1215.     4.  Any  inn 

J.  |.  (1357   1433),  "the  Great,"  who  wurred 

and  the  .Moors  of  Africa,      /">.   .1.  of  Austria,   l>on    (I54i 

1578) .  a  mllltar;   and  ne  is  at  I.( 

panto.    <>.  J.  of  Gaunt   (1340   1308    duke  of  i  :,  ■ 

son  of  Edward  III.  of  England;  friend  of  Chauci 

w  yciif.     John '  a  drcams"1 ,  n      \    ' 

low.     John'>ap"ple,  ».     \n  apple  ripening  luic  In  ■' 

son.      (ailed    apple  John    In    Sire  ll.iirg 

1  V        John    If  fill,    the    I  man.    a     tltOl 

i„  ih.  ,  the  Ens     h  people,     I.  Bulllsm, 

man,  a  «  'hlnamaii.  or  the  <  Ihlnesc  In  general 

A  small  fOOd-flSh  of  the  Atlantic 

of    Europe,    the    Mediterranean    a 

Australian    en      ol    comp 

and  a   pn  olden  yellow . 

j.'dorcci. 

John  Oil 'pin.       In  COWper'S  bid- 
la.  i  of  that  name,  the  hero 
meets  with  amusln 
on  horseback. 

JohD/nycake",   n     |i 
Bat  caki     i  I  ndian  meal 
[riddle. 

John 'son,  i  I.   Indrew  (180H 

lent   of  the "    llllllel 

(iTo'.i   1784),  an  i  n 
John'ston,  i  I    Ub<  "  Hldn<  i 


(own 


|..u. 


irt.  (at.  (■  i         .■        .  i  i  .. nt.  born; 

•  .  ,111  i  ..      |tl 


Mrr  In 
•urine 

.    ■ 

I 
II  I.    I 

I, '111     Up 


I..II.I. 


Hi 
)  oil,  I 


I       !  II 

|ollll    i  r. 

.  lintiug* 

.'. 

r  morr; 
i. 


I . 

,,r  mode 

.'. 

I. 

|ulni     rln(   . 

).,m   I  nr.  . 

woman 

.  in  ]    • 

JmIh  i  iir<-l<  — .  join  l  nr-e>s, 

juiiit  nreu :  [Rare]. 

)"i-t . 

:  [•  K 
J,,  kal,  M  mm-  M.,r 

J.ik.  .  I.  ijuKKD':  jok'ini.  ]    To 

II.         I.  dd  or 

'•■ 

:t.  -  [or done 

|<    L.  joeui.  Juke.]     Synj   nee  wit.— 

J <>k   t  r.    .      I  .' 

■  rump. 
j  Louis     •  I       700).    \  i  reach 

lLsslsslppI  with   Mur- 

Ji.ll).  ji.i 'i  i-kk;  joi.'i.i-k-i  ]     I. 

';.  ■   .  •  •  ■  -    ■  .-. 

■ 

jolil-h-.  i  ii'. ii.  \   merrymaking.— Jol'- 

ll-l).  i'l  Ii- Jcil'll-I>,  n. 

J..I  l>    i      .•  ill  boat 

yawl,  +  boai  ] 
jolt.  •    .  .  I  .  r  move  up  and 

II.  n.     A  sudd- 

•i.     (  < 
MLE. 
J "II..    j"l<  •   . 

I.  \  Hebrew  prophet.    Z. 

-    ban,  i-than,  n.   Blt>.  The  son  of 

Saul  and  f-  -          '  II.  7. 

Jon,  -.                                 1    In,.-"  i  arrhl- 

!    J  n  oh  .',  com- 

.     J,,hn   Paul 

nav:i  in;  cap- 

Jon'trl,  ur   .  Q'glur'  or  JOn'gler,  n 

A  medleva.   i  it  or  buJIooii 

Jon  <niil.  I  I.  An  ornamental 

•  d  to  the  daffo- 

•  white  <>r  y  I- 

ol    \'ir- 

;.  I  lining  poroe- 

)on"qulll< 

J"N-,,ri.  r.    n 

■ 
j"P  p  i  •  •  name  of  J  *yy  \.  a 

lop  . 
Jor'dan.  -  In  Palestine;  I-'iki  m 

[tents, 
jo'riim.  ldng«bowl  or  Its eon- 

j 


I  ■  .,rn  by 

dtng«habli   by 

J,,  -,  pli  .        .         i     \   i  ■  , .  hiii  "f  Jacob  and 

I,    \ 

:i.  J. 

II  till  mill 

Jo    s.  pll-lll.  .  1-1814.)        |    ,„. 

.nt  Beaunai 
phua,  i  lavlui 

.    R    . 

Jo-ll.. 

■■  I'llng*,  i  )uah  bil'ioi  2 Joan  bu'lnga.    Pseudonym  of 
Hi  m 
Joah  'n-4.  i  Kb.  An  tsraoUt)  Ii  id- 

promised  land     [Hi  ("be  Lord  mi  ialvatlon;or, 

Lord  tin-  Savior  | 

jo->i  .iii.  i  |o  Mi'a   L"  |o-er*a,n.  Bib.  A  kin«  ,>r  Judah;  re- 

I  worship  of  Jehovah     t  Kingi  xxii,  i     Jo-sl'ast, 

Joss,  l  I  Chinesi  god  or  idol     [Pidgin'E. 

for  Pg  (fab*,  Ood       |ou '•house*,  n  empleor 

|,  paper,  n     Gold  or  silver  paper  burni  by 

the  Chinese  at  fir  |oas' •stick",  n       t  stick  of 

perfumed  paste  burned  aa  Inoense  ,,r  in  measuring  t  In 

Jos' tie,  I  1  j,,-  1.  2  j  .lis,.] 

oa'tl  .\  ,     push  or  crow  bow;  hustle;  bump. 

|oua  ii,  ■ .     -    ru    •  ■    in  - 1 1  i       |o-'- 
*i  .-  .  \  ion,  bumping  ight  shaking. 

Jul.  i  .  I.    ■  ■  '   ■  \-.. .  \     i 

Bhand:  usually  with  down.    II.  n.  The 

S.VIl.:  sir  PARI  II  1. 1  . 

Jo'tun,  1  yo'tun:  2  y6  One  of  the  mythic 

ii  hostile  powers  of  nature,  Jo'- 
i iiii-Ih  (in.         -.i  oe  as  1  re  uu>. 

Jou'bert',  1  jQ'ber';  2  ahq'ber'.  n,  I.  Joseph  (1764  1824), 
:i  French  mondial  and  philosopher  ;.  Petroa  Jacobus 
(1831    1900),  a  Boer  general;  defeated  the  Brltlah  at  Majuba 

Hill.    |ss| 

Jouk'.  l  jQk;  2  ink.  H.  [Soot.]  To  dink  the  bead;  dodge;  bow 

[Vur.  of  DUCK.] 

Joule,  1  )(iui;  2  joui.  n.  Bite.  The  practical  unit  of  electrical 
energy,  equivalent  to  the  work  done  in  keeping  up  for  one 
■'  one  ampere  agalnal  a  resistance  of  one 
ohm.    [<  J.V.JouU     ims   1889),  English  ph]   Iclat.] 

Jounce,  ».  ..v  n.    Same  aa  jolt. 

jour.,  boot.    Journal,  tourney,  Journeyman.. 

juur'iialt,  a.    Happening  daily;  diurnal. 

Jniir'nal,  I  1  jurnel;  2  jur'nal,  n.     1.  A  daily  record  or 

Jur'nal1',  J  register;  diary.     '1-    !  A   book  in 

which  u  entered  from  the  daybook  ,,r  blotl 
1 1 1, nt  of  the  transactions  oi  i  ach  day,  ready  to  be  poal  d 
in  the  ledger.    3.  A  printed  record  ol  proceedirq 
moirs  submitted,  etc  .  I.    \ 

newspaper     •>.  That  i  ft  or  axle  which  ro- 

I  a  bearing.    [F.,  <  L.  diurna 
pii.-knal,.] — Jour'iial-lsm,  n.    The  occupaf  Ion  Of  :i  lournal- 

|our  'nal-lat,  n.    I.  <  >in-  who  manages,  edits,  or 
for  a  Journal  or  newspaper,    'i.  One  who  keeps  :i  journal  of 
dally  events     lonr'naMse    r-lae,        [-izbd,  -bbo;  -iz*- 
im,. -ls"in,,  i    1. 1.    To  enter  In  a  Journal.    II.  1    To 
Journal  or  diary. 

Jotir'ncy,  i  1  jur'ni;  2  jur 'ny.    I.  vi    To  travel ;  go  upon  a 

Jur'nc) '',  j  journey,  II.  n.  1,  Paasage  from  one  place 
to  another,  especially  by  land;    an  amount  or  period  ol 

travel.  •>.  In  gl:i>-'i!iakiiiK,  the  round  of  work  or  the 
time  taken  in  making  raw  material  into  glass.  3.  The 
employment  of  a  day;  a  day's  travel,  labor,  etc.  |< 
F.  tournte,  <   L.  diurnu.s.  dally. I 

Syn.:  excursion,  expedition,  pilgrimage,  tour,  transit,  trav- 
el, trip,  voyage,  a  direcl  going  from  a  starting' 
IM.mt   to  a  destination,  ordinarily  over  a  considers 

peak  ol  :i  day's  tourney,  or  the  journey  of  life. 
TratA  is  a  passing  from  place  to  plaoe,  not  necessarily  In  a 
direct  line  or  with  axed  destination,  a  journey  through  Eu- 
rope would  in-  a  paasage  to  some  destination  beyond  or  at 
the  farther  boundary;  travel  In  Europe  n  io  direct 

.  but  may  Include  many  journeyi  In  different  direc- 
tions.   A  toyagt  ,  Which  was  formerly  AJOUTTU  v  of  any  kind.  Ih 

i  going  to  a  considerable  distance  by  water,  especially 

by  sea.  a^.  a  »ova  ■   to  India      A  trip  is  a  short  and  direct 

i  journey  that  returns  to  the  starting' 

point,  generally  over  a  considerable  <i;  i  bridal 

unit     An  excursion  Is  abrief  tour  or  jo 

often  hy  man:.-  persons  at   one,-;  as.  an 
.  '  bautaoqua.    Pauagt  is  a  general  word  for  a 
i/ conveyance,  eepeclali)  bj  ••■■  ater;  as,  a  rough 
jmnsage  across  the  Atlantic;  frani  If,  literally  the  act  of  pass- 
Ing  over  or  through  Bcall]  ol  the  conveyance  of 

passengers  or  merchandise;  rap!  lemanded  for 

suburban  residents  or  perishable  goods,    J'ilgrtmage,  once 


1:  3=  final;    I  =  hablt^    aisle;    all  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    diin;    go;    rj  =  sino;    thin,    this.   Johnstown 
435    2:  wolf,  tig;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   6U,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.  Jug 


always  of  a  sacred  character,  retains  in  derived  uses  some- 
thing of  that  sense;  as,  a  pilgrimage  to  Stratford»on»Avon. 
— jour'ney-er,  re. — jour'ney-man,  re.  [-men,  pi.]  A  me- 
chanic who  has  learned  his  trade. — jour'ney=work",  re. 
Work  done  by  a  journeyman. 

joust,  1  just;  2  just,  v.  &  re.    Same  as  just. 

Jove,  1  jov;  2  j6v,  n.    Same  as  Jupiter. 

jo'vi-al,  1  jo'vi-al;  2  jo'vi-al,  a.  1.  Possessing  or  expres- 
sive of  goocUnatured  mirth  or  gaiety;  jolly.  2f.  [J-] 
Astrol.  Pertaining  to  the  influence  of  the  planet  Jupiter ; 
favorable;  benignant.  [F.,  <  LL.  Jovialis,  <  Old  L. 
Jovis,  Jove]  Syn.:  see  merry. — jo"vi-al'l-ty,  n.  1.  The 
quality  of  being  jovial.  2.  Festivity;  conviviality;  mirth. 
jo'vi-al-tyt.  Syn.:  see  sport.—  jo'vl-al-ize,  rt.  To  ren- 
der gay  or  jovial. — jo'vl-al-ly,  adv. — jo'vi-al-ness,  n. 

Jo'vl-au,  1  jo'vi-an;  2  jo'vi-an,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  Jove  or 
to  the  planet  Jupiter. 

jow,  1  jau;  2  jow.  [Scot.]  I.  rt.  &  oi.  To  swing;  toll.  II.  re. 
The  stroke  or  sound  of  a  bell.    [<  jowl.] 

Jow'ett,  1  jau'et;  2  jow'et,  Benjamin  (1817-1893).  An 
English  scholar;  master  of  Balliol  College,  Oxford. 

jowl1,  1  jol  or  jaul;  2  jol  or  jowl,  re.  The  cheek  or  jaw; 
head,  as  of  a  fish.  [  <  AS.  ceafl,  jaw.]  jolej. — jowled, 
a.     Having  jowls. — jowl'er,  n.     A  heavy=jawed  hound. 

jowl2,  re.  [Scot.]  The  toll  or  sound  of  a  bell. 

joy,  1  joi;  2  joi.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  [Poet]  To  be  glad;  re- 
joice. 2.  To  enjoy.  3.  To  congratulate.  4.  To  gladden. 
II.  re.  1.  A  lively  emotion  of  happiness;  gladness.  2. 
That  which  causes  delight.  [  <  F.  joie,  <  L.LL  gaudeo, 
rejoice.]  Syn.:  (verb)  see  rejoice;  (noun)  see  happiness; 
rapture.— joy'ance||,  re.  Gaiety;  festivity. — joy'ful,  a. 
1.  Full  of  joy.  2.  Manifesting  joy.  Syn.:  see  happy. — joy'- 
ful-ly,  adv.—  joy  'ful-ness,  n. — joy 'less,  a.  Destitute  of 
joy.  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  re. — joy'ous,  a.  Joyful.  Syn.:  see 
airy;  cheerful;  happy;  merry. — joy'ous-ly,  adv. — joy'- 
ous-ness,  re. 

joyiit,  it.  &  vi.    1.  To  join.    2.  To  enjoin,    joynet. 

joy'=ride",  n.  [Colloq.,  U.  S.]  A  ride  In  a  motor-car  used 
without  permission. — joy'=rld"er,  n.  [Junior. 

J.  P.,  abbr.    Justice  of  the  Peace. — jr.,  jun.,  junr.,  abbr. 

Ju'an  de  Fu'ca,  1  ju'en  da  fiu'ka;  2  ju'an  de  ffi'ca.  A  strait 
between  Vancouver  Island  and  Washington,  Pacific  ocean. 

Ju'an  Fer-nan'dez,  1  ju'an  far-nan'diz;  2  ju'an  fer-nan'deg. 
A  group  of  Islands,  in  the  Pacific,  W.  of  Chile,  supposed 
refuge  of  Alexander  Selkirk,  prototype  of  Robinson  Crusoe. 

Ju-a'rez,  1  ju-a'rez  or  (Sp.)  hQ-a'refh;  2  ju-ii'rez  or  (Sp.)  hu- 
a'reth,  Benito  Pablo  (1806-1872).  President  of  Mexico; 
executed  Maximilian. 

Ju'bal,  1  ju'bal;  2  ju'bal,  n.  Bib.  A  descendant  of  Cain;  in- 
vented musical  instruments.    Gen.  iv,  21. 

ju'bi-lant,  1  jii'bi-lant;  2  ju'bi-lant,  a.  1.  Manifesting 
great  joy;  exultingly  glad.  2.  Expressing  triumph.  [< 
L.  jubilo,  shout  for  joy.J — ju'bi-late,  vi.  [-lat"ed";  -lat"- 
ing.]  To  give  utterance  to  sounds  of  exultation  or  rejoicing. 
— ju"bl-la't!on,  re.     Rejoicing;  exultation. — ju'bl-lee,  n. 

1.  In  Jewish  history,  every  fiftieth  year  from  the  entrance  of 
the  Hebrews  into  Canaan.  At  its  recurrence,  all  Hebrew 
slaves  were  emancipated  and  all  alienated  lands  reverted  to 
their  former  owners  or  their  heirs.  2.  The  fiftieth  anniver- 
sary of  an  event.  3.  Any  season  of  rejoicing  or  festivity.  4§. 
A  state  or  manifestation  of  exultation  or  delight.  [<  Heb. 
yobel,  blast  of  a  trumpet.)    ju'bi-let. 

Ju"bl-la'te,  1  ju"bi-la'ti;  2  Ju'bi-la'tS,  n.  1.  The  100th  (in 
the  Vulgate  and  Doual  versions,  the:  99th)  Psalm,  or  the 
music  to  which  It  may  be  set:  from  lis  opening  word  In  the 
Latin  version.    2.  The  third  Sunday  after  Easter. 

J.  11.  I).,  abbr.  [L.[  Juris  UtriUSQM  Doctor  (Doctor  of  each 
[Canon  and  Civil]  Law).— Jud.,  abbr.    Judicial,  Judith. 

Ju-dae'a,  i  1  JQ-dl'e; 2  Ju-dS'a,  ".    The  southern  part  of  Pales- 

•lu-de'a,  s  tine  under  the  Soman  dominion.    Luke  111,  l. 

Ju'dali,  1  jrrdi<;2  ju'da,  n.    1.  Fourth  eon  of  Jacob  and  Leah. 

'£.  The  tribe  descended  from  him.  3.  The  kingdom  ruled 
over  by  the  descendants  of  .Solomon,  comprising  the  tribes 
of  Judah  and  Benjamin 
Ju-du'ic,  1  ju-de'tk;  2  ju-da'ic,  a.  Pertaining  i"  the 
.Jews.  [<Gr.  loudaHkos,  <  loudaia,  <  Heb.  Yehud&h; 
sec  JEW.]  Ju-da'l-calt. — Ju-da'l-ral-ly,  adv.  .In 'da- 
Ism,  re.    l.  Jewish  beliefs  or  practises.    '£■  Acceptance  ••< 

Jewish  forms  and  doctrines.      Ju'da-lzc,  it.  A   Di.     |-izko; 

-iz'ing  i   To  bring  over  to  or  accept  Judaism.    Ju'da-lset. 

•  — Ju'da-lz"er  or -ls"er,  «.  I.  One  who  accepts  oi  ad  o 
cates  Judaism.  2.  A  converted  Jew  who  clung  to  the  Mo- 
saic ritual. 

Ju'das,  1  ju'das;  2  Ju'das,  re.  1.  ls-car'1-of,  one  of  the  apos- 
tles; betrayed  Jesus  for  30  pieces  of  sliver.    Luke  w\\,  :t. 

2.  one  or  the  brethren  of  Jesus.  Malt,  xlli,  ■>■>.  9.  One  of  the 
apostles  (not  ISCarlOt).  John  xlv,  22.  4.  See  Maccabeub. 
5.  |j-|  One  who  betrays  another  under  the  gulHe  of  friend- 
ship: from  Judas  Iscarlot 

■Jude,  1  jud;  2  Jud.  re.   lilb.   I.  One  of  the  apostles.    John  xlv. 

22.     .Ill '(last .    2.  A  brother  of  James,  author  of  the  epistle 

bearing  his  name. 
Ju-de'a,  1  ju-di'a:  2  Ju-de'a,  n.    See  JumEA. 


Judg.,  abbr.    Judges. 

judge,  1  juj;  2  judg,  v.  [judged;  ji-do'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
come  to  a  conclusion  regarding;  estimate;  criticize.  2. 
To  decide  authoritatively.  3.  To  examine  and  pass 
sentence  on;  try  judicially.  4.  To  hold  as  judgment  01 
opinion;  consider.  5.  To  exercise  authority  over  as  a 
Hebrew  judge;  rule.  II.  i.  1.  To  form  a  judgm.  1 
To  sit  in  judgment.  3.  To  consider.  4.  To 
judgment,  especially  adverse  judgment,  about  another. 
[<  F.juger,  <  L.  judico.  Judge.] 

judge,  re.  1.  An  officer  invested  with  authority  to  admin- 
ister justice.  2.  One  who  decides  upon  the  merits  of 
things,  as  in  contests.  3.  One  who  is  competent  to  de- 
cide upon  the  merits  of  persons,  animals,  thing 
a  connoisseur.  4.  J  nosh  Hist.  One  of  the  fsraelitish 
rulers  from  the  death  of  Joshua  to  the  anointing  of  Saul. 
[<  L.f  judex  (judie-).  <  jus-,  law,    f  dico,  say.] 

Syn.:  arbiter,  arbitrator,  Justice,  referee,  umpire.    \ 
In  the  legal  sense,  is  a  judicial  officer  appointed  or 
to  preside  In  courts  of  law.  and  I"  decide  legal  Questions  duly 
brought  before  him;  the  name  Is  sometimes  given  l«>  other 
legally  constituted  officers:  as.  the  judges  of  election;  in  other 
relations,  any  person  duly  appointed  to  pass  upon  tin'  merits 
of  contestants  or  of  competing  articles  maj  be  called  B 
as,  the  judges  at  a.n  agricultural  fair,  or  at  a  race-track;  In  the 
widest  sense,  any  person  who  has  good  capacity  for  ji 
is  called  a.  judge;  as,  a  person  Is  said  to  be  ajudgt  of  1  net  ores. 
or  a  good  judge  of  a  horse,  etc.    In  various  sports  tie 
is  called  an  umpire  or  In  some  cases  the  referee;  as.  the  um- 
pire of  a  game  of  ball  or  cricket,    inlaws  referet  Is  appointed 
by  a  court  to  decide  disputed  matters  between  litigants;  an 
arbitrator  is  chosen  by  the  contending  parties  to  decide  mat- 
ters in  dispute  without  action  by  a  court.     In  certain  cases  an 
umpire  is  appointed  by  a  court  to  decide  where  arbitrators 
disagree.     Arbiter,  with  its  suggestion  oi  Anal  and  absolute 
decision,  has  come  to  be  used  only  in  a  high  or  sacred  sense. 
as,  war  must  now  be  the  arbittr;  the  Supreme  Arbiter  of  our 
destinies.    The  judges  of  certain  courts,  as  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court,  are  technically  known  08  Justices. 

— judge  advocate,  an  officer  acting  as  the  legal  adviser 
of    a   court  martial.— Judg'er,  re-  Judgeship,  ;. 
office,  or  period  in  office,  <>f  a  judge. 

judg'ment,    )  1  juj'ment  or  -ment;  L'  judgment,  //.    1. 

judge 'meilt,  J  The  act  of  judging.  2.  The  faculty  of 
judging  or  deciding;  the  mental  power  concerned  in  the 
formation  of  a  decision;  hence,  the  faculty  of  deciding 
correctly.  3.  The  decision  or  conclusion  reached,  as 
after  consideration  or  deliberation;  belief  or  assertion 
that  something  is  or  is  not.  4.  I.mr  I  i,,  .  ntenoe  or 
final  order  of  a  court  in  a  civil  or  criminal  proceeding! 
the  sentence  of  the  law.  !i.  A  di -aster  or  allliction  re- 
garded as  inflicted  by  God  as  a  punishmenl  for  sin     '>. 

Theol.    The  final  award  or  sent,  nee  oi  I  lie  human  race. 
Last  Judgment;.     Syn.:  sec  idea;  PRUDENCE;   m 
UNDERSTANDING;    wisdom.     |udg'ment<day",  re.      Theol. 
The  day  or  time  or  the  Last  Judgmi  at       J.  of  God,  trial  by 
Single  Combat  or  by  ordeal  of  the  like,  Supposed  to  he  under 

direct  divine  control.    J. «seat,  ■       \   ludgea'  bench  or  a 
place  where  Judgment  Is  delivered 

Judg'es,  1  juj'cs;  'j  Judg'fis,  n.  pi.  nib.  The  seventh  be 
the  Old  Testament.  [tried  or  Judged 

ju'dl-oa-bKe1',  1  jn'di-ka-bi;  2  ju'dl-ca-bl,  <i.    Thai  ma)  be 

ju'di-ea-ture,  1  jQ'di-ke  r;  2  ju'di-ea-ohur  or 

-tur,  re.    1.  The  power  of  administering  justioe     " 

jurisdiction  of  a  court.    8.A irt  of  justioe     li.i    tab 

lished  righi ;  legality.    -Ju'dl-ca-tlv(e",  o.    C p 

to  judge,  -ju'dl-ca-to-ry.    I.  a     Pertaining  to  the  admin 
istrai ion  of  justice.    II.  n.    [-Rii   ■  I.  I  tribunal ,    '.'. 

The  ntdiciarv.    3:.  Judicial  power;  lu 

Ju-dl'clal,  1  ju-disTi'el;  L'  ju-dbh'al,  .1     1.  Portainina  to 
the  administration  ol  justice     '-'•  Pertaimng  to  b 
3.  Discriminating;  impartial     1.  Ser>  ing  todi  1  - 
Inflicted  as  a  penalty  or  judgment     65.  J    Labi:  hod  1m 

formal  enactment  or  positive  law       -!>'.  >'./r       JU-dlCl- 
a-r>.     I.  a.     Pert:-  II  1 

department  of  government  which  the  lu«      .'. 

•i  he  ludgi  1  of  t  lie  court  -  con  ilderod  collectlvelj 
ju-dl'eioiis.  1  ju  di  i.'n  ■.  2  jo  dlsh'Os,  0      I.  Hn 

acting,  on  sound  judgment .  I" ling  »"1'  ''' 

manifesting  1 thought  and  lonse;  wise;   prud  n( 

Done  with  lound  judi int;  wi  n  1  all  ":  ■' 

arranged  with  discretion      [<  I-L.j  ' 

dictum;  see  judicial  1    f3jmj   «  1*01  iti 

CIOOB    wist:       |u-dl'<loiis-l>.  |ii-dl'<  loiis-n.  ....    . 

Ju'illih.  1  in'.hiii.:.'  iii'di.ii.  n      I.    Bib     \  Hebrew  heroine 

slayer  of  Hie  Assyrian  general    Hi  ,,,','' 

Apocrypha  narrating  OCT     toi         8.    M«d  inw 

Prenon  tragic  actri   b;  w   lulli   Hi  mui    1  ■ "'"f 

Ju'dy.  1  Jtt'di;  2  Ju'dy,  fl      rho  wife  of  Punch 
Jug1,  I  Jug;  2  I    I 

eo,,i.  enclo  "i  in  .<  lug     i-  1  lang  1    1  0  Imprl  on 


|Ug   .          1 

.   full,  rule;   I. lit,  I.Orn; 
i  i uon, 


tit; 


i 


|M. 


I 


Ju   gU-lar,  <  ar  ot  J 

I 

II.  of  the 

jugular 

external I  ir..m 

rt.    A  Xumldluu  kliiK 
mans. 
Jul.  ■  .  l 

urrcnt.    [<  ] 
|ul      less,  Juic'y,  lunding  with 

i.  I  World 

■r. 

defense  in   . 

IP   1        JU'.JIt'MI      . 

July. 
J ii  h  :•. 

!/u/,  rose,  + 
|u  ; 
jii  hi' 
the  Julian   I  h  three 

'  366.  and  the 

Jii  Han.  <31-363).     A 

Roman  en..  I  to  re- 

-    -       .-■  ■    ■•:.    '• ::  Hi  ii  ittii-  in  !■•  -  1 1 

it  soup 

' 

I. 

1 . 
2, 

II.  pi.     I.   Ajc< 
J  -J  r i ■  'I.I'  - 

MP.) 

:.»rtlieru  British 

I.        I . 

:. 

and.     5. 

II. 

I  • 

V    With. 

Jump.  I.  ring.    2.  The 

.  of  a  leap.    3t-  A  chance;  tura  oi  fortune. 


Ju  II-.  i. 


JUL!      I 

Jump 


I  !„• 


Iump  icU)  .  Im  mediate!)  upon, 

nmp  <  r  .         I.  Oiu   who  or  thai  whii  u  j 

.1.    \ltfl      \  Illinium 

i  jumping  motion     1.    \  >  udi 
lump  .  r  .       [I     S]  A  I  I.  drill- 

'.    \  I led  I        -  d  bj 

UP,  t  ) 

Jim  .  June  .  JuneUon, 

Jno  i ...  i  American 

» uii  u hits  in.  |i  mmonly 

owlilrd. 
|iin.    Hon,   L  I.    | 

'.'.    \  plane  of 
■ 

I    111.      Iloll-.ll.  Ill  ll«-  '- 

iiir.-.  •      i.  \       ..I  or  line  of  Junction;  Joint.    'I.  tnooca- 

I  ii.ii  dr. aim   I 
I'll.  .  1   j  u  ii  ;  2  JUn,  n.      'I'll.-  -i\lli  in.  nit  Ii  ..f  tin-  (  Ii. 

" ■.  ■  I  Roman 

.tun.     'nit  '.        |  own  or 

i  beetle  thai  begins  to  iiy  about  early  In  June, 
Jii-iiimu'.  l  ■■'.  n      \  commercial  and  mining 

■  tpital  ..f  Uaska. 
Jung'frau,  i  Mm  f-  ...i.  n     a  mountain  peak  In 

nd;  13  i.;i  fi 
Jun'gle, )  1  jun'gl;  2  j&o'ftl,  n.     V  donee  thicket; 
inn  -I  .i      oked  with  undergrowth.    [<  Hind,  jangal,  < 

San-,  jaflgal  i,  dry.| 
Jun'lor,  j  jQn'yer;  2  jim'yor     I.  a     1.  Younger  ii 
<.r  lower  in  rank.    'I.  Denoting  the  younger  ..i  I  I 

to  youth  or  earlier  ufe     I.  I  at<  r  in  poinl  ol 
existence  or  ooeurrenoe     •»•  I1     BJ  Pertaining  I 
third  year  ..i  a  oolli  gjal  also  to 

the  iii-t  year  of  a  course  of  two  or  three  yean,    II.  r». 
The  younger  of  two;  one  later  or  lower  in  service  ..r 
ding;  a  young  ''..  |l  .8.]  A  student  in  the 

juni..r  class  or  year.    [L.,  <  juwnis,  young.]—  Ju"ni- 
<>r'l-ly,  n. 
Ju  'ui-pt-r,  1  ju'ni-per;  2  ju'ni-per,  ,t.    An  evergreen  shrub 
■.  tree,  with  prickly  leaves  and  dark>blue  berries. 

(<   L.  jiiniprriis,   <  JUMI  iduce.] 

Ju'nl-iis,  1  JQn'yus  i  or  Ju'nl-us,  n.    The 

penvname  of  an  unidentified  English  writer  of  political  let- 
1769   177.; 

Junk1,    1    juijk;   2   junk,    n.  1.    Sunt,    ill    <>1<1    cal.l.-   or 

:•••  out  up  in  pieces.     (2)  salt  meat,    '-i.  Cast»off 
o)    ,'i      orl    thai    can   be 
put   to  some  use.    [<F.  jonc,  < 
•:<-ux.  rush.) 
Jutik  .        \l   :■>  Chinese  vessel  with 
■ills.     [<  MalaySp  ajong ,  or  Jap. 
large  boat.] 
lunlter,  2  jrur/kSr,  n.    I.  a 

■  erman  coble 
family.     'I.  (.1-1  <  >ne  of  the  reactlon- 
rai  .  Id  Pru  -  Is  In  the  mld- 
dle    of    the    I9tb   century.      [< 
Jung,   young,  +  licrr,  sir.)— Jun'kcr- 
l-.ui,  n. 
jiin'kH,  1  jurj'k.t;  2  jun/ket.    Id. 
rl    iV  i  i.     TO    tak>-    part   i 

trivia]  excursion;  (east  in  com- 
pany; revel.  II.  n  I . 
picnic.  Juii'kct-ingi.  2.  A  deli- 
cacy made  of  curds;  also,  a  drink  made  of  cream,  n  nnet, 
pirii  3.  Anj  ■.  •■•  i meal ,  [  <  It  giuncata, 
<  giuncoa  (<  L.  juncus),  rush.l 
Jo 'no,  1  ju'no:  2  hj'no,  n.  i;<,m.  MyOi.  The  consort  of  Jupi- 
ter; Identified  with  the  Greek  u<rn;  the  genius  of  woman- 
hood and  guardian  ol  the  [email 

..•unol'.    1      uii.V;  L'  /.liii'no'.  Aniloclic   M771-1813).     Due 
d'Abl  '  Cfa  marshal. 

jun't:i,  l  jtm'te;  2  jun'ta,n.    A  Central*  or  8outh»Amer- 
itive  oouneiL    [Sp  ,  <  L,  juncta,  fern,  pp.  of 

join.)  [jisi  i  |     S:.n.:  -.-.■  i  ahm.. 

jun'io,  l  jun'to;  2  jun'to.  n.     A  faction;  :t  cabal.    [< 

Ju'iil-i«-r,  1  |u'p»ter;2  Iu'pl-t5r,  ».    1.  Myth.  The  supreme 

■     ■  i tnn  ■■■  .  Idi  Q1  Ifled  ■•■•  li b  the  I  Ireek  Zeus.' 

Qfth  plaint  from  lh- 
|u-pon',   1   Jii-ik,ii'  or  '   or  Ju'pOn,  n.     1.  A 

fabric  with  cotton  warp  and  woolen  Mllinc     '£. 

Her.  A  emblazoned   ■■•■  Itfa   the  heraldic 

Insignia  of  the  wearer     3.  A  Jacket  or  double!   (14th  and 

16th  centurii  i   ,  dim.  of  Jvpe,  <  Sp  \r.  jub- 

lled.]  9  rland. 

Ju'r.i,  1  jn'ra:  2  Ju'ra,  n.    A  mountain  chain  In  I 
ju'ral,  1  JQ'ral:  2  Ju'ral.  a.  l.nu .   Relating  to  rights  and  obll- 
i  as  subjects  of  Jurisprudeni  I     ■•    (fur-),  law.J 

Jo-ras'sle,  1  ju-ras/ik;  2  Ju-ras'lc.  n.  Geol.  The  second  period 
comprised  In  the  Mesozolc  era.— Ju-ras'slc,  a. 


Chinese  .1  link. 


437 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    ail  =  out;    oil;     iu  =  f<?!*d;    chin;    go;    n  =  si»ff;    fhin     this. 
2:  wolf,  do;  book,  boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,'  ttiis. 


J.  W. 


Ju'rat,  1  ju'rat  or  (F.)  z(i"rd  :  2  ju'rat  or  (F.)  znirrii',  n.  Law. 
The  clause  in  an  official  certificate  testifying  that  the  deposi- 
tion has  been  duly  sworn  to  before  a  competent  authority. 
[<  L.  juratum,  neut.  of  juratus,  pp.  otjuro,  swear.) 

Ju'ra-to-ry,  1  ju'ra-to-n;  2  ju'ra-to-ry,  a.  Law.  Pertaining 
to  an  oath.     [<   LL.  juratorius,   <   L.  juro,  swear.) 

ju-rid'i-cal,  1  ju-rid'i-kel;  2  ju-rld'i-cal,  a.  1.  Relating 
to  law  and  judicial  proceedings.  2.  Assumed  by  law  to 
exist;  of  the  nature  of  a  legal  fiction.  [  <  L.  juridicus,  < 
jus  (Jwr-).  law,  +  dico,  declare.)  ju-rld'lcl. — i-eal-ly,  adv. 

ju"rls-con'sult,  1  ju"ns-kon'sult;  2  juTis-con'sult,  n.  One 
learned  in  the  law;  a  jurist.  [<  L.  jurisconsultus,  <  jus, 
law,  +  consultus,  pp.  of  consvlo,  consult.) 

iu"ris-dic'tioii,  1  ju"ns-dik'shan;  2  ju"ris-dIk'shon,  n. 
1.  Lawful  right  to  exercise  official  authority.  2.  The 
territory  within  or  the  matter  over  which  such  author- 
ity may  be  lawfully  exercised.  [OF.,  <  L.  jurisdic- 
tion-), <  jus,  law,  +  dico,  say.) 

juri  -p.,  abbr.    Jurisprudence. 

ju"ris-pru'dence,  1  ju"ns-pru'dens;  2  ju"ris-pru'denc,  n. 

I.  The  philosophy  of  positive  law  and  its  administra- 
tion; the  science  of  law.  2.  A  system  of  laws,  as  of  a 
particular  country.  [  <  L.  jurisprudenlia,  <  jus,  law, 
+  prudentia;  see  prudence. 1  Syn.:  see  legislation. — 
ju"ris-pru'dent,  a.  &  n. — ju"ris-pru-den'tlal,  a. 

ju'rist,  1  ju'rist;  2  ju'rist,  n.  One  versed  in  the  science  of 
laws;  a  qualified  expounder  of  the  law  and  its  principles. 
[<  L.  jus  (jur-).  law.)—  ju-ris'tic,  a.    ju-ris'ti-calj. 

ju'ror,  1  ju'rer;2  ju'ror,  n.  A  member  of  a  jury.  [  <  L.OF 
jurator,  swearer.) 

ju'ry,  1  ju'n;  2  ju'ry,  n.  [ju'riesz,  pi.]  1.  Law.  A  body 
of  men  (ordinarily  twelve)  legally  qualified  and  sum- 
moned to  attend  a  judicial  tribunal,  and  there  sworn  to 
try  well  and  truly  a  cause  and  give  a  true  verdict  accord- 
ing to  the  evidence.  2.  A  committee  of  award  in  a  com- 
petition. [<  OF.  juree,  <  LL.  jurata,  <  L.  jurata,  fern, 
pp.  of  juro,  swear.) — grand  jury,  a  jury  called  to  hear  corn- 
pip '"ts  of  the  commission  of  offenses  and  to  ascertain 
whether  there  is  prima  facie  ground  for  a  criminal  accusa- 
tion.— ju'ry-man,  n.  A  juror. — petit  or  petty  jury, 
the  jury  that  sits  at  a  trial  in  civil  and  criminal  cases. 

Ju'rys,  prefix.  Rigged  up  temporarily;  makeshift:  used  in 
nautical  compounds;  as,  jurymast.    [Perhaps  <  jury,  ».] 

Jus.,  Just.,  abbr.    Justice. 

just,    \  1  just,  just  or  just;  2  just,  just  or  just.     Id.  vi. 

joust,  J  To  engage  in  a  just.  II.  n.  A  tilting  match  be- 
tween mounted  knights,  usually  with  blunt  lances  and 
in  single  combat.  ( <  OF.  jouster,  <  LL.  juxto,  <  L. 
jungo,  join.) — just'er,  n.    joust'erj. 

just,  1  just;  2  just.  I.  a.  1.  Doing  or  actuated  by  justice; 
righteous;  upright;  honest.  2.  Based  on  or  conforming 
to  the  principles  of  justice;  impartial;  equitable.  3. 
Agreeing  with  a  required  standard;  true.  4.  Consistent 
with  what  is  proper  or  reasonable.  5||.  Faithful;  true. 
Syn.:  equitable,  even,  exact,  fair,  fitting,  honest,  honor- 
able, impartial,  incorrupt,  incorruptible,  lawful,  reasonable, 
right,  righteous,  rightful,  square,  straightforward,  true, 
trusty,  upright,  virtuous.  See  honest;  moral;  RIOHT;  vir- 
tuous. Compare  synonyms  for  JUSTICE. — Ant.:  corrupt 
dishonest,  dishonorable,  faithless,  false,  inequitable,  one* 
sided,  partial,  perfidious,  treacherous,  unfair,  unfaithful, 
unjust,  unreasonable,  unrighteous,  venal. —  Pre;/.:  just  in 
one's  dealings;  to  all  concerned. 

II.  adv.  1.  To  the  exact  point,  instant,  or  degree; 
without  lack,  excess,  or  variation;  exactly;  precisely.  2. 
But  now;  this  moment;  also,  a  moment  ago;  very  lately. 
3.  By  very  little;  barely;  _only.  i.  [Colloq.]  Perfectly; 
completely;  quite;  also,  simply;  merely.    [<  L.  Justus, 

<  jus,  law.)  Syn.:  see  but.— just'ly,  adv.—  Just  'ness,  n. 
The  quality  of  being  just ;  justice.     Syn.:  see  justice. 

Juste"»au"=corps',  1  »,iist"=5"»k0r';  2  zhU8t"»5"-c0r',  //.  I.  A 
cIose»i)ttlng  long«Skirted  coat  worn  by  men  In  the  l  Nth  cen- 
tury. 2.  A  woman's  outer  garment  of  the  J7th  century.  [!<".) 
jlis'ticc,  1  1  jus'tis;  2  jus' tic,  n.  1.  Conformity  in  conduct 
jus'tis8,  J  or  practise  to  the  principles  of  right  orof  puni- 
tive law;  regard  for  or  fulfilment  of  obligation  i;  rectitude; 
honesty;  also,  the  body  of  principles  by  which  actions 
arc  determined  as  right  or  wrong.  ''-■  Adherence  ti> 
truth  or  fact;  impartiality.  3.  The  rendering  "t  what  is 
due  or  merited;  that  which  is  due  or  merited;  ju  I  re 
quital  or  consideration.  4.  The  quality  of  being  ju  it  "r 
reasonable.  5.  Law.  A  judge,  as  of  thl  I  B  Supreme 
Court,  etc.  6.  Right  of  authority;  al 
jurisdiction.    7t»  Exactness  or  preej ju  tness.    \\>\, 

<  L.  justitia,  <  Justus;  see  just,  a.)    Jus'tlsef. 
Syn.:  equity, fairness,  fair  play, faithfulness,  bonor,  impar- 
tiality, integrity,  justness, law, lawfulne  ■.  legality, rectitude, 
right,   righteousness,   rightfulness,  truth,  uprlghtm 

tue.    In  Its  governmental  relat .  human  or  dlvlm 

is  the  giving  to  every  person  exactly  what  hi 

necessarily  involving  anj  consideration  or  what  any  other 


may  deserve;  equity  (the  quality  of  being  equal)  is  giving 
every  one  as  much  advantage,  privilege,  or  consideration  as 

is  given  to  any  other;  it  is  that  which  Is  equally  riijht  or  just 
to  all  concerned:  equity  is  equal  justice  and  is  thus  a  close 
synonym  for  fairm  •  tiality,  but  it   lias  a 

sophical  and  legal  precision  that  those  words  have  not.     In 
legal  proceedings,  the  system  of  equity,  devised  to  supply  the 
insufficiencies  of  law,  deals  with  cases  "to  which  the  law 
by  reason  of  its  universality  can  not  apply."     In  personal 
and  social  relations  justice  is  the  rendering  to  every  one  what 
is  due  or  merited,  whether  in  act,  word,  or  thought;  in  mat- 
ters of  reasoning,  or  literary  work  of  any  kl 
close,   faithful,   unprejudiced,  and  unbiased  adhen 
essential  truth  or  fact;  we  speak  of  thejustid  of  a  statement. 
or  of  doing  justice  to  a  subject.     Integrity,  . 
TigMeousittsx,  ami  virtue  denote  conformity  of  personal  con- 
duct to  the  moral  law.  and  thus  necessarily  Include 
which  is  giving  others  that  which  is  their  due 
is  an  ambiguous  word,  meaning  in  its  narrower  sense  mere 
legality,  which  may  be  very  far  from  justiet .  but  in  it     I 
sense  signifying  accordance  with  the  supreme 
and  thus  including  perfect  justice.    Justness  refers  rt 
logical  relations  than  to  practical  matters;  as,  we  speak  of 
the  justness  of  a  statement  or  of  a  criticism.  Seen  doe;  vik- 
tue. — Ant.:  dishonesty,  Inequity,  injustice,  partiality,  un- 
fairness, unlawfulness,  unreasonableness,  untruth,  wrong 

— just  Ire  of  the  peace,  a  local  magistrate-  Jus 'tlc-er  , 
n.  A  magistrate;  justice  of  the  peace. — Jus'tlcc-shlp. 
jus-tl'ci-ar,  1  Jus-tish'l-ar;  2  jiis-llsh'i-ar.  n.  A  Judge  or 
justiciary;  originally,  a  chief  justice,  jus-ti'cl-or:.  j;i>- 
ti'ci-a-ry.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  law  or  the  administration 
of  justice.  II.  n.  [-MES*,  i>!.\  A  judge. 
jus'ti-fy,  1  jus'ti-fai;2  jus'ti-ty,  b,    I-fied;  -k\"ini,,)    1. 1, 

I.  To  show  to  be  just;  vindicate;  defend;  also,  to  make 
just  and  right.  2.  To  declare  guiltless  or  blameless; 
show  or  declare  to  have  done  justly  or  rightly;  >  - 

ate.    3.  Theol.  To  regard  and  treat  as  righteous  on  the 

ground  of  Christy  mediatorial  work.    4.  To  adjust  or 

fit;  make  exact;  specifically,  in  type  setting,  to  adjust 

or  make  even  by  spacing  properly.     5.   [Eng,  a 

To  pronounce  judgment  upon;  inflict  the  death-penalty 

upon;  execute.    II.  t.    To  form  an  even  surface 

line  with  something  else:  said  especially  ot  lines  i 

in  printing.     [<  L.F  Justus,  just,  -f-/acio,  do,  make.) 

Syn.:  absolve,  acquit,  approve,  authorize,  clear,  defend, 
exculpate,  excuse,  exonerate,  indorse,  maintain,  sustain. 
uphold,  vindicate,  warrant  That  may  sometimes  be  I  i- 
cused  whlcn  can  not  be  justified;  that  which  can  b 
does  not  need  to  be  excused.  Sec  ratify.—  Ant.:  arraign, 
blame,  censure,  chide,  condemn,  convict,  crmiin 
nounce,   ieptehend,   reprobate,   reprove,      .lus'ti-lfa-hliei', 

,i    <  lapable  oi  Delng  Justified.    Jus'tl-fl"a-bl(e-nees 

jus'tl-fi"a-l)!y,  adv.— jiis"tl-h-ca'tloii,  n.  The  state  of 
being  justified;  Che  ground  ol  Justifying,  or  thai  winch  jus- 
tifies. Syn.:  see  APOLOGY;  DEFENSE.  ills-Ill 'l-ea-ll\  e  . 
a.    Tending  to  Justify,  or  capable  of  Justifying 

lus-tlf 'i-oa-to-rj  !.— jus'ti-ti'Vr,  n.    jus'ti-li-ca  "lor!. 
JUS 'tin,  1  jns'tin,  2  jus'tin,  n.     "The  Martyr"  ilia    II 

i  iieeh  father  of  the  ( Ihuroh. 
Jlis-tlni-aii.  1  jn.s-t  iii'i-..n :  :.'  jiu-tlii'l-an.     I.  (4 

Roman  Emperor  ol  tin-  East.     Justinian  Code  the  bodj 
ol  Roman  law  as  codified  bj  Justinian  t, 
Jus 'tie,  i   &  n     Same  as  J08TLJ 

jilt,  1  jut  ,  2  jut.    1.  DI       I  n   i'i  I  "''.  .ii   i'mno  |      ["oi 

beyond  the  main  portion  ■•  quenth  \^  il 

\\.  n.    Anything  that  jute;  a  projection     [> 
jute,  1  jut;  2  jut,  »,    I.  Either  annual  Asiatic 

herbs  ol  the  hnden  family      •-'.  I  bt   fibi  i  obtain  d 

He    inner  bark  ol  this  plant,  u  ed  i"i  bai 

Ian/   jul.   ■     Sans   juia.  matted  I 
Jlltcs,   1    nil.;    'J    |UtS,   "     /''         V    I  "W   i.enuan  tribe  that    lie 

va.i. id  Britain  (5th  cent.)      Ju'tlsh,  a. 
Jut  'land.  I  Jut'land;  2  Jflt'land.  n    a  i  >  ■■  ilaoBol 

which  tin-  Brltl  h  <>'■*•■■  i  drovi  tin  t HI  '     ■  •  '  '■  ■ ' 

;i    iQifl    g  .,   u.  .  pop   1,198.000 

Ju've-nal't,  n.    A  yo  man, 

Ju've-nai  .  1  ju'\  i  nal;  2  JU've-nal,  rt     1667   136      1  Roman 

gatlrli 

Ju"\c-nes'.ellt.    I    |0 
0 

.,  youth]       |u"ie-nes'ren.  I 

Ju've-nil.-,  i  I  itt'vi  ml.  2  iu've-nll     I.  a     I. CI 
Ju've-nil,  j  tic  ol  youth;  young      '.'•   Vd  ipti  d  to 

II.  a      I.  \ 
who  interi 

IN .'ie-llll    l-l),    II  1. 

Voutl    i  ith      lu'vc-nll  e-i,.  nutnrui 

act  or  ■  I  I"1" 

|u"\e-nll'l-.i,  1   jn-vi-nll'i  outliful 

J  il  v  "ta-po-si'lioii,     I 

i  •     U 

J.  >\  .,  a66r.    Junlot  v\  arden 


la                           >                                                     I            i                        ,..,,.        ii        n           in    i.Orn; 
iinImcIou  .->*>>>  •     i  111  i  An,   i  is 


K.  k.   ' 


Li  U 


. 


i 

I.  A  I 

\     I 
ipllal  of 

•  i     ■■ 
. .  ,|   to  '  •    of  llamlllc 

k  i    Ii  -I.  ber'ne-a,   1 

\ 

i 

-  their 
.     I      \' 
• 
ir  i  i.rn  Indian  millet 


■        . 
yt^linf  the  water  by  fastening  the  skirt  of  hi-  water-proof 
dress  around  the  coaming.     [Greenland  |     ka'Jak:. 
W Al in.  k.'in 

I . 

.  title  ol  th<    I 
'.'    .  iga,     [<  AS.  edgere, 

k  r  Mil  iiiin  <  a-nal',  1  koTssr  vil'helm:  2  kiVr  vir- 

hAim.    A  canal  c\ 

hlrl 
l  mil:.     KalSer  VFII'helm  Land,     rhe  Gen 

•q.  m.;  pop.  I  . 

I . 

kail 


roach. 


hal'muk:. 
k  ii  -i-miri>-.  kal  'ao-mtn 

k  i-ly  p'f  ra.    If-    . 


[<  ( 
k  i-|.  I"<lo-»rop'lr.  ■;       )••  rtalnlng  to  a 

[<  Ar.  q'i> 
2  kal'l  or  ka'll.  n.    The  common  saltwort. 

B  '    A  genus  of  ' 
■ 
-'•.  purple,  or  white 

ik:  2  kl  1 

valley 
! 

M.    kalmultu  ]     Cal'murk:; 


'   rma. 
.     A  thin 
-•-ss.    [Gr.l 

iii'ki.  .  2  kirn-chat 'ka.  n      1. 

Insula  terrr 

; 

hain-trhat'ka:. 
I  -run',  region  (191.130 

/I  w  Africa:  conquered  by 
1  am"e-roons':. 


Kangaroo. 


K  1    tnlinil"r.V.   1  kO'  lll"ko"- 

0      IH49    1014 

1  «".  I !HI 

K  >n   .   K  111-  K  . 

Ki-ii.iI.    1.  I 

1.   t  nai  '.'.  -  %  South 

i  iwniian,  man  I     h.i-n.ih  1  r   . 

I  N'iri  h    K. 

inn  iq    mi  .   pop 
■    South  h.     \ 

I                                .  pop     1.  IBS  K.m".i-rc-e', 

K  1    >.  1-/  1  \>  1.   I    '     '■      ■  •        \  nraport 

oentral  Honshu  Island,  Japan:  pop   111.0 

Km  da-bar',  1  ka  in  da  bar',  n     Thaaootenl 

fortified  capital  (pop    50.000)  of  central  and  southern  Af 

putcd  founded  by  Alexander  the  1 

K.ui  .i> .  led  tow  n  in  <  vvinii. 

pop  27.000  explorer. 

N  I  lUha  Kenl  \n  American 

HTOO  .  ge-rO.';  2  I  bi  rbiv- 

marsupial  mamma.1,  moatl)  ol  Australia  and  Tas- 

,  having  characteristically  -In >rt .  m  ak 

fore  limba  and   powerful  bind   limb 

•  nl.  and  progressing  usually  by  flying 

.-lr:il  I 

Kan'sas,  ]  n     I.AM  central 

I 
UnlK  2.  K.  (  H} 

(i>  in  1     Kansas  (pop  9        ■  In  \s . 

pop.    282.000).     1.  K.  rlur,  \. 
1     t     isas,  200  in    i"  tl :■      ■  vit. 

K.iii  t .   1  kOnt;  2   kant,  Immanuel   (1724- 
A  German   philosopher.     kant'l- 
an.  Kant  'l-an-i>in,    >,        1  |  . 

il  doctrine  of  Kant.    Kant'l-iii;. 
ka'o-lin,  1  ke'o-lin   2  kA'- 
n.     A   variety  of 
clay,     perfectly     white 
when  1  >>i  r>- :  a  chief    m- 
irredlent  of  porcelain.      (<  fhln.  Kao  Una,  High  Ridge.] 
Ea'o-Unel;  ka'o-lln-lte:. 
ka-peirmc|s"ter,  1  ko-pel'mals'tar;  2  kii-pcl'mls'ter,  n.  The 
tl  director  of  a  choir,  orchestra,  etc.    [<;.,  -  chafel- 

H  ] 

Ka-ra'chl,  1  ka-rfiVhl:  2  kii-rii'chi.  n.    A  seaport  city  In  \Y. 

Hrlllsli  India;  pop    1  [MUBTAQH. 

Ka"ra-ko'ram,  1  ku're-ko'ram;  2  k.i'ra-kcVratn.  n.    E 
k.i"r.i"kul',  1  ko'ra'kul':  2  ka"r.i"kul'.  n.    Astrakhan  of  the 

1  lallty.      [<  Karakul.  Bokhara  1 
k.irl-'had,  n.    Same  as  <    mush  id. 
karl-'ru-hc,  I  :  karl-'ru-e.  n.    A  city,  capital  of 

the  grand  duchy  "i  Baden,  Germany;  pop.  134,000;  bom- 
1  by  French  air-craft.  1915. 
bar  111a,   1   kiir'mo  or   [S<ins.)   kur'in.i;  :.'   k.ir'ma  or   (San.*.) 

kur'ma,  n.    The  effect  of  ai  Dusorothenn 

■  led  regulating  one  b  future  life:  a  Brah- 
manlc  Idea  d<  reloped  i>\  the  Buddhists.    (Sans.) 

karn,  1  kurn;2  kirn,  n.  [C,t.  Hrlt.l    A  heap  of  rocks;  rarely.  :, 

rock  In  form  like  a  pile  of  n  DM*.     [<  urn.) 

kar'nak,  1  kur'nuK,  tillage  oear  Luxor, 

Kar'naet.      [table«land 
ka-rim',   Ik-. 

Kar-pa'tlil-an   inoun  'lalns.   1  :    "ln-;,n;2  kar-pfi'thl- 

k  range  In  N.  Hungary  and  -    1     rrai    rlvanla;  length 
Kar-pa'tbl-an,  a. 

Ka-h-ear',  1  krisli-t-nr':  2  kash-gar',  n.     A  cli-tn<t  (nop.  150.- 
000)  ami  town  (the  capital;  pop  05.000)  of  E.  Turki 

K  1  -.'i-illlr ',  1  kash-inlr';  2  ka-h-fiiir'.  n 

.   m.;pop  3,168,000)  In N   E  India   capital, Srinagar. 

h  U    -'  I.  •. 

k.i-tah'a-sls,   1    ke-tab/a-Bls;    2   ka-1  ■    march 

back  '  I  k  mercenaries  who  foilo\w    |  - 

'  Artaxerxes.     Bee  ahababis.     [Gr.,  a  going  down.] 

k  1 1  '.i-ImiI'Ii  .  ka-tah'o-lisiii.  i 

Ki-tihillii.  ]    •      •-.'iliti;  2  ka-ta'<lln,  Mt.     A  peak  In  Piscat- 
aquis county.  Me.;  height,  5.2IKI  ft. 
Kat'rlne,  1  kat'nn;  2  kat'rln.  Loch.    A  lake  in  central  Scot- 
land, chief  t'S  Lady  of  the  1 
hai   le-gat,  1  kat'i-fat;  2  kat'e-S&t,  n.    An  arm  of  the  North 

lec  and  Jutland;  160  m.  by  85  m. 
ka'ty-dld",  1  k6'ti-did*;  2  ka'ty-ilid",  n.     An  arboreal, 
green,  long'horned  insect  allii'l  t>>  th<  i 

a  next  page.    [From  its  note.] 
Haul 'bach,  1   kauTbaH;  2  koiil'l.an,  Wllhelm  von  (1805- 

\  Germai  nter. 

kauri.  1  kriii'n;  2  kou'rl,  n.   A  large  tlmbeMree  of  New  Z(  a- 
land.  [Maori.]— kau'rLgum",  n.  A  resin  obtained  from  It. 


1: 3=  final:     l^hablt^    aisle;     ail  =  out;     ell:     10  =  feud:     cTlin;     go;     C  =  sires;    fhin     this  K 

439  2:  wolf,  dft;    book,    boot;   full,    rule,    cure,    but,    bum;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,'   this!  Kensington 


Broad.winged 
Katydid. 


ka-vass',  1  ka-vas';  2  ka-viis',  re.  A  guard  or  military  courier 
attending  Turkish  dignitaries;  also,  a  Turkish  police  officer. 
[<  Turk,  aauds.]  ca-vass'i;  kha- 
wass't. 

kayt,  n.    Same  as  key1,  n. 

ka'yack,  kay'ak,  re.    Same  as  kaiak. 

Ka-zan',  1  ka-zan';  2  ka-ziin',  re.  A 
manufacturing  city  in  E.  Russia;  for- 
mer capital  of  a  Mongol  kingdom;  pop. 
179,000. 

K.  C.  B.,  abbr.  Knight  Commander  of 
the  Bath.— K.C.I.  E.,  abbr.  Knight 
Commander  of  (the  order  of)  the  In- 
dian Empire. — K.  C.  M.  G.,  abbr. 
Knight  Commander  of  St.  Michael 
and  St.  George. — K.  C.  S.  I.,  abbr. 
Knight  Commander  of  (the  order  of) 
the  Star  of  India.— K.  C.  V.  O.,  abbr. 
Knight  Commander  of  the  Royal  Vic- 
torian Order. 

Kc  in,  1  kin;  2  ken,  Edmund  (1787-1833).  An  English  tragic 
actor;  played  in  the  United  States. 

Kear'ny,  1  kar'm;  2  kiir'ny,  Philip  (1815-1862).  A  United 
States  general;  served  in  the  Mexican  war;  joined  the  French 
army  (1859-1861);  became  general  in  U.  S.  army  in  civil 
war;  fell  at  Chantilly,  Va.  [Endymion. 

Keats,  1  kits;  2  kSts,  John  (1795-1821).    An  English  poet; 

keb'bie,  1  keb'i;  2  keb'i,  re.  [Scot.]  A  cudgel,  or  rude  walkings 
stick.  [cabag.]    keb'buck}. 

keb'boc,  1  keb'ak;  2  keb'oc,  re.  [Scot.)  A  cheese.    [<  Gael. 

keb'lah,  1  keb'la;  2  keb'la,  re.  1.  The  direction  of  the  Kaaba 
In  Mekka,  toward  which  the  Mohammedan  worshiper  turns 
in  prayer;  marked  on  the  interior  wall  of  a  mosque  by  a  niche 
called  the  mihrab.    2.  Any  object  of  devotion.    [Ar.] 

Ke'ble,  1  ki'bl;  2  kg'bl,  John  (1792-1866).  An  English  di- 
vine; professor  of  poetry  at  Oxford;  C/iristian  Year. 

keck',  vi.  1.  To  heave  as  in  vomiting;  retch.  2.  Hence,  to 
show  or  feel  great  disgust.    [Imitative.]  [keck'syt. 

keek1,  re.     A  hollow  stalk  of  a  plant.     [<   kex.]     kicks;; 

keck||2,  re.    A  retching;  nausea. 

keck'le,  1  kek'l;  2  kek'l,  vt.  [keck'led;  keck'ling.]  Naul. 
To  wrap  or  serve,  as  a  cable,  witli  canvas,  rope,  etc.,  as  a 
protection  from  chafing.    [<  kink1.] 

keck'son,  keck'sy,  re.    See  kex. 

kedge,  1  kej;  2  kedg.  I.  vi.  &  vt.  [kedged;  kedg'ing.]  Naul. 
To  move  (a  vessel)  by  hauling  on  a  grounded  kedge;  warp. 
II.  re.    A  light  anchor.    [<  Sw.  keka,  tug.] 

Ke'dron,  1  ki'dran;  2  ke'dron,  n.  Bib.  A  ravine  E.  of  Jeru- 
salem; anciently  a  "brook";  now  dry.  Ce'dront  (John 
xviii,  1);  hi 'droit;. 

keeehf,  re.    A  lump  of  fat  made  Into  a  roll. 

keek,  1  kik;  2  kek.  It.  v.  [Prov.  Eng.  &  Scot.)  To  look  pry- 
ingly;  peep.  II.  re.  A  peep.  [Akin  to  G.  kveken,  D.  kykt  n.\ 
— keek'iugtglass",  re.  [Scot.]  A  looking«glass. 

keel1, 1  kll;  2  kel,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  provide  with  a  keel,  as  a 
vessel,  2.  To  turn  up  the  keel;  show  the  bottom.  3. 
[Poet.]  To  plow  with  a  keel,  as  waves;  sail. 

keePt,  vt.    To  cool,    kelet. 

keel1,  re.  1.  The  lowest  lengthwise  member  of  the  frame- 
work of  a  vessel,  serving  to  stiffen  it  and,  when  it  pro- 
jects below  the  planking  or  plating,  as  is  usually  the 
case,  giving  it  stability.  2.  Figuratively,  a  ship.  3.  In 
an  air=ship,  a  vertical  fin  which  extends  longitudinally 
for  a  considerable  length.  4.  Any  keel»shaped  part  or 
object.  5.  Zool.  A  median  longitudinal  ridge  or  proc- 
ess, as  of  the  breastbone  of  a  fowl,  I1 'I  AS.  &  [ce. 
origin.]  —  to  keel  over  [Colloti.,  U.  S.J,  to  I  urn  bottom  up; 
upset;  fall  over. — keel'agc,  n.  The  sum  required  or  paid 
for  the  privilege  of  anchoring  a  vessel  In  a  harbor. — keel's 
boat",  re.  A  covered  freight«boat  having  a  keel  but  no  sails: 
used  on  rivers  in  the  western  United  Sta  tet 

keel2,  re.  [Scot.]  Red  chalk  or  oclier.    [<  Gael.  cH.] 

keel'er,  re.  1.  A  shallow  tub.  2.  A  box  used  In  dressing  Ash. 
[<  AS.  celan,  cool,  <  cut,  cool] 

keel'haul",  1  kil'hol";  2  kcl'hal",  vt. '  1.  To  haul  (a  man) 
through  the  water  under  a  ship  from  one  side  to  I  lie  01  hei  or 
from  stem  to  stern:  a  former  punishment.  2.  Hence,  to  re- 
prove severely. — keel'hauld"",  pp. 

keel 'son,  l  kel'san;2  kSl'son.  n.  Naut.  A  beam  running 
lengthwise  above  the  keel  of  a  ship.  [  <  Sw.  kOUvin,  < 
id/,  keel,  4-  svin.  =  Norw.  svttl.  Sill.]    kcl'sonj. 

keen,  1  kin;  2  ken.  I.  vi.  To  wail  loudly,  as  over  the  dead 
II.  re.    A  walling  cry;  dirge. 

keen,  1  kin;  2  ken,  a.  1.  Very  sharp  and  cutting  u  i  'I 
literally  and  figuratively.  2.  Having  or  exhibiting 
sharpness  or  penetration,  as  in  a  bargain,  8,  Charac- 
terized by  intensity,  force,  or  zest.  [<  AS  cine,  bold, 
able,  <  cunnan.  be  able]  Syn.:  see  acute;  vrdbnt;  I  rDTB; 
clever:  eager;  fine;  intelligent;  knowing;  baga<  ioi  i; 
sharp;  vivid,  -keen  1y, adv.     keen'ness,  n, 

keep,  1  kin;  2  kep,  u.  [kept;  xeep'inq.]  I./  I.  To  have 
ami  retain  in  possession,  employment,  or  umc;  managi . 

Conduct,  or  attend  to.     2.  To  have  the  care  of;  proteel  , 


guard;  defend.  3.  To  provide  for;  support;  maintain. 
4.  To  perform  or  be  faithful  to,  as  a  pledge.  5.  To  con- 
fine, detain,  or  restrain.  II.  i.  1.  To  continue  un- 
changed; remain;  stay.  2.  To  continue  sound,  sweet, 
fresh,  or  the  like;  endure.  3.  [Colloq.]  To  be  in  s< 
[<  AS.  ccpan,  keep.) 

Syn.:  carry,  carry  on,  celebrate,  conduct,  defend,  detain, 
fulfil,  guard,  hold,  maintain,  obey,  observe,  preserve,  pro- 
tect, refrain,   restrain,   retain,  support,   sustain,  withhold. 
Keep,  signifying  generally  to  have  and  retain  in  poss 
Is  the  terse,  strong  Saxon  term  for  many  acts  which  are  more 
exactly  discriminated  by  other  words.     We  keep,  observe,  or 
celebrate  a  festival;  we  keep  or  hold  a  prisoner  in  custo, 
keep  or  preserve  silence,  keep  the  peace,  present  order 
serve  being  the  more  formal  word;  we  keep  or  maintain  a 
horse,  a  servant,  etc.;  a  man  aupiwrts  his  family;  we  keep  or 
obey  a  commandment;  keep  or  fulfil  a  promise,     in  the  ex- 
pressions to  keep  a  secret,  keep  cme's  nun  counsel,  /. 
or  keep  the  faith,  such  words  as  present  or  maintain  could 
not  be  substituted  without  loss.     A   person  keeps  a  shop  or 
store,  conducts  or  carries  on  a  business;  hi'  ket 
certain  line  of  goods;  we  may  keepor  restrain  one  from  folly, 
crime,  or  violence;  we  keep  from  or  refrain  from  evil,  our- 
selves.   Keep  in  the  sense  of  guard  or  def<  ml  Implies  that  the 
defense  is  effectual.     Compare  celebrate;   OCCUPY;   PRE- 
SERVE; regulate;  restrain;  retain.— Ant.:  See  synonyms 

for  ABANDON. 

— keep'er,  re.  1.  One  who  or  that  which  keeps,  2.  A  de- 
vice for  keeping  something  in  place,  as  the  socket  into  which 
a  door=bolt  shoots.  3.  One  who  remains  or  Btays.  \.  One 
who  observes  or  obeys.  5.  That  which  keeps  well,  without 
spoiling,  as  fruit.— keep 'er-shlp,  a. — keep'lng,  n.  1.  Cus- 
tody, charge,  or  possession.  2.  Right  relation  or  proportion; 
congruity.  3.  Maintenance:  support,  keep'ltig:rooin", 
re.  [New  Eng.  &  Prov.  Eng.]  A  family  living-room  or  sit- 
ting-room.—keep'sakc",  re.  Anything  kept,  or  given  to 
be  kept,  for  the  sake  of  the  giver;  a  memento, 

keep,  re.     1.  Means  of  subsistence;  livelihood.    2.  The 
donjon  of  a  medieval  castle;  hence,  a  castle;  \<" 
3.  That  in  which  something  is  kept,  as  a  reservoii  lor 
fish,  meatasafe,  etc. 

keeve,  1  kiv;  2  kev,  re.     A  large  vat.     [■     AS.  Cgfe,  vat] 

keg,  1  keg;  2  keg,  n.     A  small,  strong  barrel,  usually  of  5" 
to  lOgallon  capacity.     [  <   Ire    kaggi,  keg  ] 

kelr,  1  klr;2  ker,  re.  A  bleachlng-val.  [<  Ice. Iter,  vat.]  kler;. 

kelp,  1  kelp;  2  kelp,  n.    Large  coarst  oi  their 

ashes;  formerly  the  source  oi  soda,  now  chief!]  of  iodin. 

kel'pie,  1  kel'pi;  2  kei'pi,   n.  [Scot.]  A   malevolent  water* 
sprite,   supposed    to   haunt    fords   In   the   form   of   a 
kel'pyt. 

Kelt,  Kell'ic.     Same  as  CELT,  etc. 

kel'son,  re.  Naul.  Same  as  keelson. 

kelt,  re.  [Scot]  rjndyed  cloth  of  black  and  white  wool  mixed 

kel'ter,  l  kel'ter;  2  kel'ter,  h.    Working  order;  kilter 

Kel'vin,   1     kel'vm;    2  kel'vln.   William  Thomson,   llarnn 

(1824-1907).    A  Scottish  physicist  and  orofessor 
Kem'ble,  1  kem'bl;  2  kem'bl,  n.    l.  Frances  Anne, 

monly  called   "Fanny    Kemble"    (1809   1803),   an    i 
actress.    2.  John  Philip  ( 1  7.r.7    IsL':; 
kempt,  1  kemp;  2  kemp,  vi.  [Scol  I  To  strive  tot   \ 
struggle;  also,  to  compete  In  work,  as  reaper,-.     | 

Kelll'pls.     See  Thomas  a   KEMPI8 

ken,  L  ken;  2  ken.    I.  vi     [kenned  or  kent,  kend";  ken'- 
ning.]  |  Lrchaic  or  Scol  I   !•  To  !»•  oognisanl  nl 
2.  To  descry;  see     II.  n      Rt  oi  knowlodge; 

cognizance,    I  <  AS.  a  nnan,  cause  to  know .  ami  pai  lly 

<   Ice.  kintt'i,  know.] 
Ken.,  Ky.  (official),  abbr.     ECentUi 

Ken'dal,  1  ken'del;  2  ken'dal,  n      \  coarse  woolen  cli 
green  color:  often  in  the  plural     I-    Kendal,  a  town  In  N   w 
England  !    Ken'dal  gveeni.  [Afrl 

Ke'nl-a,  1  kl'm  b;  "  I  •  'nl  a,  a-    A  mountain  in  Urltl 
Ken'il-worth,  1  ken'tl-wOrth;  2  ken'll  wurth,  »     I.  a  town 
in  Warwickshire,  I  ogland;  ruin    oeai   b:   of  castle  where 
Leicester  entertained  Queen  Elisabeth,  1876    '■'•  I  novel  bj 

Sir  \\  alter  BCOtl 

Ken'ne-bec,  i  ken'i-bek;  S  ken'e  bee,  »     a  river  in  Main.'; 

length,  aboul  160  m  <<•  '  !»•  Ulant  lo  oi 
ken'nel,  1  ken'el; :.'  ken'el,  vt.  Aw     [ken'neledi 

.  i  i  i  i  d     i  i    ■     I  l    I    ■  Ben  oi 

confine  in  oi  a    in  a  kenni  I;  lod  a  dog 

kennel  ,  1  ken'el;  2  '  '  '"' 

,. ,,  i.  oi  hound  .  al  o,  thi   p  !  L||T  "' 

afox  oi  ill  i  bea  I     :«■  \  vili  lodi  ins     I  •    \   " 

,\...         :  ■    o      m  I  ■  '•""•',l  I 

ken'nel9!  n     I  bi  gutter  of  a  street:  channel;  puddle 
ke'no,  lkl'no  2k6'no,  n      V  game  of  cliuiin  played  by  draw 

Ing  numbers  from  an  urn  and  covcrlnn  with  iiuitoi 

corresponding  numbi  n  on  card  I    ruine,  five  \ 

■    i,  fuini   five  i ."  h  ,  Dve  I 

Ken 'sing-ton,  i  ken'sm  tei 

w    i. ion   i  '"'c  and  muMun 


kl  Ill 

klii.lrr.l 


kI.UIiI. 


I.  Johannea 

k<  pit  r'»  law  -.  in  the 

■  • 
> 

kr-ral  t-nous, 

■ 

II." 

. 

ili  \  mil,  r »  eodoro- 

■  :iH   tin- 
I 

..nil*;  machine. 
\  -      .        .  ■   . 

I   .  in',  n.     A  city  111  1 

t r.e  anclont  ('anna:. 

.      .  '  1  ooch- 

'111.I 

ki  r    DMU,  .  I  . 

.1  imitative 
Iter 'mis  :  Idr'mes  ;  kfr'mes*  . 

k   rn  .         1. 

:. 

:  1  or  .-hunk.  : 
I 

1.  An  .-.  light* 

..  -.ili'iiid.      [  <    Ir.   <■ 

1.  I.  n.    [kbb'heled  or  keb'- 

r  klh'nki.-i.inc.  )    To  form  ker- 
.-;.••-.;    .i-.  n  lit  -,••!.•:  niK-n  into  kernels      II. 
I . 

;.  -'  of  anything; 

. -;  gi»t.    [<  dim.  of  corn,  grain.] 

.'i.    Illuminating  oil 
troleum.     (<  Gr.  kirot,  wi  <  ] 
'. 
I<    Ka-acu,   i:i    England.]— kei 
mere, 

• 

agly  built  iv. 

in  Jack  Ketch.  En.! 
ij..    . 

ke'tone, 

.    . 

kit  'il.  .  1.  dUo  vessel  f  1 

k>  1  "I  .    |ing    - 

1  ivity.  (  <  AS 

I     Ill-:.lriilll ". 

. 
elastic  drun. - ■  ket  'tie-drum",  n    Ki 

-  ..xm  party. —  k.li.t    .  et  of  the  14th  c< 


:  a  weed.    2.  A  husk. 


1  k.  . 
site  >  ' 

keks.  n.    I.  . 

.  rw  stalks.) 
1  • 
.'. 

eh  of. 
1.  rtrament  for  operating  a 

lock:  made  in  many  forma,  and  with  the  genera.  . 


<•      •'«         11         11         I. ut,  I.Orn; 

>ii        ;  I "on,     440 

Ichor  boll     '-'.  ' 

.'. 

- 

8.  •  \ 

7.     I  ..11    tho    Ull! 

H  ! kbinding 

9.  In  buili 

111.   '      1  :  in  .Iru- 

1 1.  \nv  one 
ing*machines, 
.  ..r  ili>'  III..       13.  \  circuital 

13.  1     \ny  one 

i'  I.  ni  w  bich 
tho   !••  unponent    membi  diffi  ronl    si 

pitch  ■    t  responding  I  -  il  hi  r  kej  % 

■  themselves. 
II.                                 ,  or  pitch  of 

iking.    I  <  .\  kej  'boards  ». 

1  In  a  plot r  typcwi  tel      ki-)  Miu"- 

i.f  two  00- 
ig  semltonea     kej  ed,       I.  Ha    ag  1 
:.  Brought  to  a  ten 
1.  Tuned,  aa  a  musical  Instrument      k<-) . 
fruit,  ti      a  ilry.  Indchl  fruit,  as  thai  of  the 

■  Im:  a  aamara      kej  'hole",  n 
Inai  kej  note,  n,     1.    l/u     The  tonic  of  a 

It  l    1 .     '  !.    kej  tone  .     i.    \  ruling 
pie  ur  scntlmi  m      kej  teat,  n.     ifeu 

Is  driven  for  the  purpose  of  binding 
kej  nraj :.  kej  '- 
viiuii",  1  The  uppermost  and  lastael  stone  "i  an  arch, 
which  completes  It  and  locks  ni  members  together:  often 
used  Oguratlvel  natural  ki\.  w.  I.  \n.  white  key 
on  a  keyboard.    '!.  1  -  played  on  the  whlti 

kej  .     .     A  low  island,  especially  one  ol  coral,  along  a 

[Sp.  cai/o.) 
kej  .        A  quay;  wharf.    [<  B  .  enclosure.] — 

kej  'age,  n     Qua 
k      w     ,  pop  20.000)  on  a  western  Island  of 

Kej  \\     1  Island  . 
K.  «...   .'..'.     Knight  of   tin-  Carter.— kg.  abbr.  (kc;s.,  pi.], 

k^..  Kilogram. 

klm'ki,  1  kj'ki;  2  kn'ki.    [Anglo-Ind.]  I.  a.    Of  the  color 
oi  dust  nr  ::  il.         1.    \  I   [hi  di  ib  or  brownish 

cotton  cloth  used  as  for  military  uniforms, 
kha'lil.  caj  11 ,  etc. 

kham'sln,  1  kam'sin  or  kam-sln';  2  kam'sln  or  l.iini-sin',  n, 

wlndfrom  the  Sahara  that  1  1      pi  in-fore  the 

vernal  equinox;  simoom.  (Ar.|  kamSiut. 

khan  ,  1  kin;  2  k&n,  n.    In  vai  il  countries,  a 

ruler,  chief,  etc.;  now  in  India  and   '  1,  a  title 

is  for  a  sovereign  or  for  any  gentleman.    [  < 

Per.  thin,  prince.]— khan'ate,  n.    The  Jurisdiction  of  a 

l  principality.  [TJlt.  <  ivr.  klianrj,  house.) 

khan-',   11.     An  Oriental  inn  surrounding  a  courtyard 

Khar-kof',  1  kar-kof:  2  kar-kof',  cturlng  city  In 

B.  Russia:  has  a  unlvi  1   221,000.    Khar-kov'i. 

Khar- turn',  1  kur-tum';  2  kar-tiim',  n.     A  Nile  city  (pop. 
j  1  .nun  ;  political  capital  of  the  Sudan;  1,830  m.  from  Cairo; 
illy  inn  unsuccessfully  defended  by  ciordon  against 
theMahdi,  1884-1885.    Khar-toum't. 

•■■',  1  ki-iliv';  2  ke-dlv',  n     The  title  of  the  Turk- 
of  I  "vi, t  from  1867  to  1915.      [<  Turk. 
Per.  fcMdtw,  king.) 
khlr'kab,  1  ki^ka:  2  klr'ka,  n.    A  garment  mad 

orn  by  dervishes,  etc.,  In  Mohan  itrles. 

Kl.l'.a.  1  :.i'\-fi;  o  i.i'vii.  n.    I  m.;  pop 

0)  In  vassalage  to  Russian  Turki  capital 

1,000). 
Kho"ra-san')  1  k0*ro-san';2  ko*ra-san',  n.    A  province  (210.- 

Klio"i:i>-san'i. 
hi..  Kings. 

kl- lo'rliow',  1  ki-au"cliou':  2  kl-ou"chow',  n.    A  German 

■  of  Shantung, 
.  surrendered 

to  British  and  Jap  ■'•'    7,  191  I. 

kibe,  1  kalb:  2  klb.  n.    A  chap  or  crack  In  the  flesh;  an  ulcer- 

.  mingly  from  \s .  cibi.  chilblain.] 
ki-tiit'ka,  1  ki-binta;  u'  kl-blt'ka,  n.    1.  a  Tatar  tent  with 

rounded  top.    '£.  a  vlth  rounded  cover 

kick,  1  kik;2  klk.    V.vt.  &vi.    1.  To  give  a  blow  with  th< 
foot;  exciti  ;  stir  up;  recoil,  a^  a  firearm.    '£.  To  1 

I :  now  principally  in  Blang.    II.  n.    1.  A  blow  with 
the  foot.    '£.  The  recoil  of  a  firearm,    'i.  [Eng.1  Football. 
11)  One  who  locks.     (2)  A  turn  at  kicking.     4.   [Slang, 
1     -]  An  act  of  violent  opposition    [<w 
Idek'er,  n.    One  who  or  that  which  kicks:  an  ob 
klrk'-liaw,  1  kik'^w;  2  klk'sha.  n.    1.  Something  fan' 
or  trifling;  a  nameless  trifle.    '£.  An  unsubstantial  or  unrecog- 


441 


1:9  =  final;    i  =  habit;    aisle;    nil  =  out;    oil;    IQ  =  feud;    <<hm;    go;    0  =  si»io;    fhin,   this.  kent 

2:wplf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,    cure,    but,    burn;   fill,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin.    th*!         kindred 


nlzable  dish  of  food.    [<  F.  quclque  chose,  something  1    Syn  • 
see  gaud. 
kid1,  ii.     1.  A  young  goat.     2.  Leather,  or,  in  the  plural, 
gloves  or  shoes  made  from  goatskin.    3.  The  meat  of  a 
young   goat.      4.   [Slang.]  A    child    or   infant;    a    half- 
grown  boy.     5.  A  young  roe  deer:  used  also  attribu- 
tively and  verbally.    [  <  Ice.  kidk,  kid.] 
kid2,  n.    A  bundle  of  sticks.    [Prob.  <  \V.  cidvs,  fagots.] 
kld»,  n.  Naut.  A  small  tub  or  the  like.     [Cp   kit1   n  ] 
Kidd,  1  kid:  2  kid.  William   (1650-1701).     A  British  sea- 
captain  and  pirate:  arrested  in  Boston:  hanged  in  London 
kid 'ling,  1  kid'lin;  2  kid'ling,  n.    A  young  kid. 
kid 'nap",  vt.     [-naped"1  or  -napped"',  -napt"8;   -nap"- 
ing  or  -nap"ping.]     To  carry  off   (a  person)  as  from 
home    or    country;    steal    (a    child). — kid'nap"er,    n. 
kld'nap"perj. 
kid'ney,  1  kid'ni;  2  kid'ny,  n.    1.  A  glandular  organ  that 
secretes  urine,  or  something  resem- 
bling such  an  organ.     2||.    The    af- 
fections or  passions.      3.  Tempera- 
ment.    [ME.,  <   AS.  CWtih,  womb,    + 
Ice.  nyra,     kidney] — kld'ney=bean", 
n.     The  kidney=shaped  seed  of  a  plant    vvt 
of  the  bean  family;  French  bean;  hari- 
cot; also,  the  plant  itself. 
Kl-ef ',  1  ki-ef;  2  ki-ef',  n.  A  government 
(19,676  sq.  m.:  pop.  4.988,000)  in  S.W. 
Russia:  also,  its  capital  (pop.  610.200);  •vgmcpm 

cathedral    and     university;     scene    of 
severe  fighting  between  the  Bolshevlkl   Longitudinal   Sec- 
and  the   Ukrainians  Feb.,   1918.     Kl-       tiou  tlirougb  the 
i*fl"t;  Kl-ev't.  Human  Kidney. 

Kiel,  1  kll;  2  kei,  n.    A  fortified  seaport     <•.  cortical  portion;  mx, 
(pop.    212,00')).     Holstein,    province,  )™*i]iai7portion;p,j>eWs; 
Prussia;  navyyard.  '-anal;  university.     !';  "":'"■  >""■  PJ™™'*«  ■;' 
kie'sel-guur,  1  kl'zel-gur;    2  ke'sel-gUr.  l^Z^/iU^'  * 
n.     A    fine,    variously    colored    earth, 

derived  from  the  accumulated  deposits  of  the  ceuVwallS  of 

diatoms,  used  as  a  dope  for  dynamite,  as  a  polishlng-powder, 

etc.     [G.  kiesel,  Hint,  +  guhr,  sediment.)       [sand  amperes. 

kil-am'pere,  1  kil-am'pir;  2  kll-am'per,  n.  Elcc.  One  thou- 

Kl"lau-c'a,  1  ki"lau-~'-:;  2  ki"Iou-e'a,  n.    An  active  crater  on 

Mauna  I.oa  volcano,  Hawaii  Island. 
kll'dcr-kin,  1  kil'dar-kin;  2  kil'der-kin,  n.     An  old  English 
measure  of  18  gallons.     [  <  MD.  kindeken,  lit.  little  child,  < 
kind,  child.] 
kil 'erg,  1  kil'arg;  2  kil'erg,  n.  Phys.  Set.  A  unit  of  work  or 
energy;    1,000  ergs.     [<    Gr.  chilioi,   thousand,    +   ergon, 
work.) 
KH"l-man-Ja'ro,  1  kil"i-man-]a'ro;  2  kiri-miin-jii'ro,  n.    A 

mountain  in  German  East  Africa;  19,720  ft.  high. 
Kll-ken'ny,   1   kil-ken'i;  2  kil-ken'y,  n.     A   manufacturing 

town  in  Leinster  province,  Ireland;  pop.  11.000. 
kill,  \  1  kil;  2  kll,  vt.  1.  To  deprive  of  life,  animal  or  vege- 
kilp,  (  table.  2.  To  deprive  of  vigor,  efficiency,  or  useful- 
ness; neutralize;  deaden.  3.  To  discard  or  suppress; 
cancel.  4.  Print.  To  mark  as  dead  matter;  order  dis- 
tributed, as  type.  5.  To  butcher:  also  intransitively. 
[<  Ice.  kolla,  hit  on  the  head,  <  kollr,  head.) 

SjTl.:  assassinate,  butcher,  dispatch,  execute,  massacre, 
murder,  put  to  death,  slaughter,  slay.  To  kill  Is  simply  to 
deprive  of  life,  human,  animal,  or  vegetable,  with  DO  sugges- 
tion of  how  or  why.  Assassinate,  i  fictile,  miirdi  r.  apply  only 
to  the  taking  of  human  life;  to  murder  Is  to  /.'///  wit li  pre- 
meditation and  malicious  intent;  to  execute  Is  to  till  In  ful- 
filment of  a  legal  sentence;  to  assassinate  is  to  kill  by  assault; 
this  word  is  chiefly  applied  to  the  killing  of  public  or  eminent 
persons  through  alleged  political  motives,  whether  secretly 
or  openly.     To  Slay  is  to  kill  by  a  blow,  or  by  a  weapon. 

Butcher  and  slaughter  apply  primarily  to  the  tilling  of  eat  tie; 
massacre  is  applied  primarily  and  almost  exclusively  to 

human   beings,  signifying  to  till  tlieiri    Indiscriminately  In 
large  numbers;  to  massacre  Is  said  when  there  Is  DO  chance 

of  successful  resistance;  to  butcher  when  the  tilling  Is  espe- 
cially brutal;  soldiers  mown  down  in  a  hopeless  Charge  are 
said  to  be  slaughtered  when  DO  brutality  On  I  he  enemy's  part 
Is  implied.  To  dispatch  is  to  till  swiftly  and  in  general 
quietly,  always  with  Intention,  with  or  without  right 
Prep.:  To  kill  With  or  h\i  sword,  famine,  pestilence,  eare. 
grief,  etc.  kill  'buck",  kill  'calf",  n  A  butcher.  klll'  = 
courte"syt,  n.  A  boor. — klll'er,  n.  klll'liiK, />"  I.  Hav- 
ing the  power  to  kill;  destructive.  '?•  Overpowering;  irre- 
sistible; captivating.  :t.  [Colloq.,  fJ.S.]  Intensely  ludicrous; 
as.  his  humor  Is  Just  killing. 

kill,  1  kll;  2  kil,  n.  A  creek,  stream,  or  channel:  an  element  In 
many  United  States  geographical  names.     \  ^    l>    til.] 

Kll-lar'ncy,  1  ki-lfir'm;  2  kl-liir'ny.  n.  A  town  iDSOUthwest 
Ireland,  near  which  are  the  Klllanicj  Lakes,  the  resort  of 
tourists. 

kill  (lee,  1  kll'dl;  2  kll'de,  n.  A  Noil  Ik  American  rlng-plovcr 
common  In  the  MlBSisSlppl  vallev.  limitative  of  Its  cry  1 
kll  Meet;  kill 'deer*. 

KH"lie-cr;m'kle,  1  kll'i-krarj'ki;  2  klH-criln'kl,  n.    A  pass  In 


the  Grampians,  Scotland;  Claverhouse  defeated  Mackav 
July  17,  1689. 
kiln,  1  kil;  2  kll,  n.    An  oven  or  furnace  for  baking,  burn- 
ing, or  drying  industrial  products,  as  for  burning  bricks 
[<  AS.  cyln,  <  L.  culina,  kitchen.  1— klln'=dry",  ct.    To.lrv 
in  a  kiln. 
kil'o-,  1  kil'o-;  2  kil'o-.     From  Creek  chilioi,  thousand-  a 
combining  form.— kll'o-dyno,  n.    in  physics,  one  thousand 
dynes—  kU'o-grani,    kll'o-li"ter,    kil  o-iuc"ter.    kil'o- 
stere,  n.  See  metric  system,  under  ubtric,     kll'o-gram- 
me")ler,  n.    A  unit  of  work,  the  equivalent  of  the  force  ex- 
pended In  raising  one  kilo-ram  one  meter  vertical!: 
about  7.2  foot-pounds.— kil'o- volt,  n.   Eire.  One  thousand 
volts.— kil 'o-watt,  n.    Blee.   One  thousand  watts,     kll'o- 
watt=hour",  n.    The  energy  resulting  from  an  actlvlt]  of 
one  kilowatt  for  one  hour      kil'o-watt  =mc"ter,  ,i. 
kilo.,   kilog.,  ahbr.      Kilogram. —  kilo.,   kilom.,   km.,  ahhr. 

Kilometer. 
Kil-pat  rick,  1  kil-pat'nk:  2  kll-pat'rik,  Hugh  Judson  (1886 

1881).   a  United  States  general  In  the  civil  War. 
kilt,  1  kilt;  2  kilt,  n.    A  short  skirt,  as  of  the  Scottish 

Highlanders.    [<  Dan.  kilte,  tuck  up.] 
kil'ter,  )  l  kil'tar,  kel'tsr:  2  kii'ter,  keTter,  n.  [Prov.  C.  s.  .t 
kel'ter,  (  Eng.)   Proper  or  working  order;  good  condition. 
Kim'ber-ley,  l  klm'bar-h;  2  klm'ber-ly,  n.     A  towu  (pop 

13,600),  Cape  of  G l  Hope  province,  S    Vfrlca;  \\  ithstood 

four  months'  siege  by  Boers,  1899    1900;  diamond- 

ki-mo'no,  1  ki-mo'no;  2  ki-mo'no,  n.    [-N0S*,  pi.]    A  Japanese 
loose  robe  fastened  with  a  sash;  Imitated  as  a  woman's  gar 
ment  in  Europe  and  America.    [Jap  1 
Klm'ri,  I  kim'n;2  kim'ri.  n.  pi     The  people  Of  Wales;  cvinrv 
kin,  1  kin;  2  kin,  n.    1.  Relation;  oonsanguinity.    2.  Col- 
lectively, relatives  by  blood.    [<AS.  eyn.\ 

Syn.:  affinity,  alliance,  birth,  blood,  consanguinity,  de- 
scent, family,  kind,  kindred,  race,  relationship  Kind  Is 
broader  than  kin,  denoting  the  most  general  rclatioi 
of  the  whole  human  species  in  mankind,  humankind,  etc  : 
kin  denotes  direct  relationship  thai  can  be  traced  through 
either  blood  or  marriage,  preferably  the  former;  either  of 
these  words  may  Signify  collectively  all  persons  of  the  same 
blood  or  members  of  tin' same  family,  relatives,  or  relations. 
Affinity  denotes  relationship  by  marriage,  consanguinity  de- 
notes relationship  by  blood.  There  are  no  true  anton)  ma  Of 
kin  or  tindred,  except  those  made  by  aegatives,  since 
strangers,  aliens,  foreigners,  and  foes  may  still  be  kin  or 
kindred.  See  kindred. 
-kin,  suffix.  A  dlminul  Ive,  as  In  lambtin. 
kind,  1  kaind:  2  kind,  a.  1.  Having  gentleness,  tender- 
ness, or  goodness  of  heart,;  humane;  kindly.  '!■  Gentle 
or  tractable,  as  an  animal.    [ <  AS.  gecy ndi  \ 

Syn.:  see  amiable;  amicable;  charitable;  friendly; 
goou;  humane;  pleasant;  PROPITIOt   • 

— kind '«hear fed,  a.    Having  a  kind  and  sympathetic 
nature. — klnd'less§,  a.    Unnatural;  heartless     -ly,  ado. 
kind'ncKs,  n.    1.  The  quality  of  being  kind;  good  will     '.'.  \ 
kind   act.     3.   A   kindly  feeling.     Syn.:   see   BENEVOLENCE; 
lenity;  mercy. 
kind,  /(.    1.  Essential  or  distinguishing  quality;  sot 

A  number  of  persons  or  things  of  the  same  character; 

a  class,    '.I.  A  modification  or  varii  tj  ol  a  givi  n 

tiling;  a  species.     4"|.  Nature  in  general,  or  natui 

position.    5f-  Parentage,     |<  AS,  gecynd,   ■    gi 
eralizing)  +  cennan,  bring  forth. |     Syn.:  see   un\rn  .  kin; 
sort. — in  kind.  1.  With  something  of  the  same  sort 
repay  a  blow  in  kind.    'i.  Specifically,  In  produce  li 

of  money;  as,  to  pay  taxes  In 

kin'der-gar"ten,  i  kin'der-gfir*tnj  2  jdtn'der-^ar*tn,  n 

A  school  for  little  ohildren  in  which  instructive  divci 
wions,  ol i i eel  -lessons,  and  healthful  games  arc  prominent 
features.    |<!.,  <  hinder,  gen   pi   ol  kind,  i  nild, 

ten,      garden.]      kill  'der-gart  "ner,      n         A      klndci 

teacher.    [G  I 

kin 'die',  1  1  kin'ill;  2  kln'dl,  p.  [kin'dl(b)dp;  kin'olinq.] 

kin'dl1',    \\.t.    1.  To  set  fire  to;  ignite;  light     '.'    Toon 
cite;  inflame.    8.  To  brighten;  illuminate     II,        I 
it   e  fire,    "'.  To  become  excite. I,  rou  od,  or  illumined 
I      ice   /. t/miiii.  candle,        I    i andela,  <  vm.i  i 
n  ii  UN,     kln'dler,  n     1.  One  who  or  that  which  kindles,  Illu- 
mines, or  animates,  2.  [Local,  U  B.|  \  piece  of  light « i  or 

artificial  compo  Itlon  u  ed  In  klndllnn  n 

klo'dl  i   '•.  vt  a  m    [Prov  i  or  oi  Ob  "Mi  to;  bring 

forth  young,    i     kino,  n  \    kin 'die,  i 

klnd'ly,  l  koind'h ,  2  klnd'lj      I,  a 

LI-E8T.]    1.  Having  oi  '.'.  I  l.-n  Ing 

;i  favorable  oi  gl  kteful  offi  li.    3|.  I'ro] 

its  kind .  oal >iid;  native;  akin  I '              I •  In  a  kind 

mannei  or  spirit;  i  '.'•  Pathol  Bj  i> 
tent  Ion;  benlgoaDtl) ,    S||<  Bs  nai  tire    natural 

Kit  i  em  ii. i ;  pleasant:  pnopiTim  klnd'H-ness,  n 

kln'dreil,  I  kin'drod;  2  !  (n  dn  d  I.        Of  a  liki   n  iture 

or  oharaetei ,  relate, i.  oongenl  iliki 

II.  a     1.  Relation  (  linitj     '.'•  <  !oll<  ■  i > \  ■  ly, 


kllll- 

klUM    k 


,  I  i  ,.  ..        ..      c.        ii        ii  it      l.ftrn; 

iii  i  »ou,         44'i 


kin. 
ki» 


i.   \  ■  . 


km 


tin 


lion 
in  ii   I.  .  kin   i-in  ii   l-i  il         klu   .  - 

.l-li  .  klu   .--m.it  >*-l£r.i |> Ii . 

kin    .--ii  'ii    ill 

kin    .i—lhi-M-li:.  kin    I 

..  --    I  hi   I    Ii  .  kl-llet    lc.  ! 

ki-n.  ii.-.  ,     it  branch  of 

■  ..ii  or  modification 
kl-nrt 'u-grmph,  i  for  produo- 

. .-  number  of 

ki-n.  i  p.  .  .    -  •  if  which  tin-  plc- 

xlucod  in  such  a  way 
f  the  original      Ill-net'  o- 

M  Up    II   . 

i-n phooi  i  Inatru- 

■ 

•  he  movement 

1 1 « _i  I .  gn  male  ruler  of  :i 

preeminent 
I  .T  class;  a  leader;  chief; 
i.  iblance  of  a 

t.  principa]  piece;  in  checkers,  a 

.-y's  Iringri  -' 
d  in  any  direction.    5.  pi.    |K-)    The 
.    .  lied  / 

,  conti 
king  •  iiini".  \      tmerlcan  tj  -.mt-ily- 

k.  bolt,  -.      \  vcri     il  central  r •  < >1 1  attach  i 

■  and  Bervlng  as  :i  pivot  in 
k.  crab,  .vim;  :i  largl 

shoe^hapeil  '  ileld  composed 

■  and  ■  long  caudal 
klm'rraii                                 -  calling  ol  kings;  kingly 

statesmanship      kine'dnm.  I. 

or  realm  ruh  I 

:  irate    field    <>t   Indi  . 
I. 
J  objeeta; 
as.  the  aiilnui  nd    Blin- 

king ti-h  "er,  n.     A 
■  ply  cleft 
mnionly 
'••      :.-■  a    It    obtains    by 

kinglet,  a  little  kim:. 

k.    pill. 

of  a  set 

'.. 

u   <.r    first 

k    post,  Arch.     A 

'  a  triangular 

k.   nm.  I 

■ 

queen*!  i  n- 

. 

k.  \  ni- 
1  American  vulture,  bull  and  whit. 


Kingfisher. 


- 

kit 

rlM. 

largei 

tur.  . 

King  . 


l 


pnni 


Unfii  - 

:    William  Kufus    1786   II 

klngd.,  km., 
klnic  'l> .  1  kit  Ii   2  • 

klllic'llk. 

,  munificent, 
■  hat  which  at 

>teit  thai 

a,  and 

whir*  illy  of 

char:;  -    a  kint/lu  bearing;  a  kingly  re- 

expendlture, 

.  '  -    .       where 

."11  be  used  and  royal  would  change  the 


an  an      if 


■ 
line  I. ii!  the  trnili 

lUtcmptthlc,  Inforlor,  mi  an, 
.  Ill       klmc  ll-n. 
Kint-  Moun 'tain.  .  arollna;  lure 

h  in  i  780 

King    -Ion.   1  \  m  pit)  ,  capital 

.Mill 

kink  .  I 

il.         1.  Ad  abi upl 
bend,  t» i-t.  loop,  ropi      '.'. 

[Colloq  .1    S.j  \  caprii  !  •    >«    kink,  twuil 

In  a  rope. |    Svn    seo  whim      kink 'y,  a      I,  Having  a  ten- 
Davlnj    tlnl       kin  'kled  .    .'.  |i  !ol- 
i..,i  .  i 
kink    .        .  olloq     i.  ro  laugh  violently  or  convubdvely.   2. 

.  an  in  laughln  laughing  fit  I 

kln'iil-kl-nlc'.    1    kln'i  ki-nlk";   2    klti'l-ki  Die',    it.      I.    The 

..r  hark  of  certain  i  i  « HIot  and 

prepared  for  smoking,    '!.  \n\  plant  so  used     [Am    tnd.l 

ki  mi.  |  |    do      i  ol'no;  8  kfno  w  kl'no,  n    :  i     tnd 
trlngenl  vegetable  extract,  being  the  dried  red  luloe  or  gum 
.if  certain  tropical  plaota:  ii  ..i  iii  medicine  and  the 

ki-inil 'i>-k>.  l  ki-nel'o-Ji;  :.'  kl-nol'o-gy,  n     The  branch  of 

physios  treating  of  the  laws  of  moi  Qi        rfl,  move, 

mi  I  Iklon'rlet. 

kln'rlc.   1   kln'n:, .  "  1  in'ri.  .  ii      [Seoi    or  ObS.J      \   kll 

kinsfolk",  1  kins'fok*;  2  kbis/fAk",  n  pi  Ri  I  itives  ool- 
lectlveh;   kin       S.vn  :   BBS    KINDRED       kln'slilp,   n.     Rehv 

klns'man.i      [kinb'uen,  pf.J   K  blood  n 
s.vii,:   connection,   relative,   relation  Is   pre- 

ferred in  certain  cases,  mi  the  ground  of  greater  clearness,  to 

ff,  relation,  COtUUCtUm,      A   kinsman   Is  a   "man' 
or  one  of  Ins  own  blood!  tin  is.  a  liroiher  or  a  cousin  I 

tinsn  •  ''inn  or  relation  Is  one  who  Is  related  to 

him,  either  by  blood,  as  a  brothel  ,  orbj  law,  as 

a  lirntlier-ln-lau   mot  aliii  m.ini.ur,  loosely,  bj  some  other 

bond.    Connection  Is  mill  more  vague  and  unsatisfactory. 

The  same  applies  to  tlllstriiiiiilll.     See  hi'. 
kins  mo 'man,  n    if  iii  . 
kl-usk'.  ]   I. !"-l.'.  2  ki-d  I'    '        \n  .Mien  ornamental  summer- 
in  Persia  and  Turkey;  now  Imitated  In  other  coun- 
tries and  moiiiiied  to  serve  as  a  I ih,  dot      tand,  band< 

stand,  or  t  he  like. 

hi-n'tii,  n.     Same  as  KYOTO 

kip.  l  kip;  2  kip,  n.  rjntanned  calfskin.  [Prob.  "what  Is 
pulled  ofT,"  <  Ice.  kippa,  pull.]  klp'=leath"er:;  klp'< 
skin":.  ."-Inilian  author  and  poet. 

Kipling,  1   klp'lio;  2  klp'llng.  Uudyard     I  si  i       \n 

klp'per,  1  klp'ar;  2  klp'er,  n.  To  cure,  as  Ban,  by  BpUttlng 
down  tiie  hack,  dryealting,  drying,  and  slightly  smoking. 

klp'per,  n  irrov.  Eng.]  1.  a  salmon  cured  by  kippering; 
also,  i  in-  male  salmon,  u  tun  unseasonable  '*.  A  I  Yarmouth) 
herring  preserved  by  kippering.    8.  The  period  during  which 

ilmoti  is  unlit  for  food.     f<  Seoi    lip        COP.] 

klr-ghi/'  Steppes,  1  klr-glz';  2  klr-fil*'.     \  sterile  region  of 

of  Siberia. 
Klr'ln.  1  kir'm  or  (Chin  I  iii'm.  2  I  ir'in  m  [Chin.)  kH'ln,  n. 

A  walled  city  and  treaty  |iorl  In  8.  Manchuria  .  pop    90,000. 

kirk.  1  kurk;2  kirk,  n     [Sent]    Church;  especial] 

-  cotlana,    |  <   AS.  dree.] 
Klrk-cal'dy,  1  ker-kS'di;  2  klr-ka'dy,  n.    An  ancient  seaport 

In  8.  I.    Scotland;  pop.  10  000 
klr'mcs,  etc.    Same  as  kmimk-s. 
kirn   .  kirn  .  I    ft  n.     1.  Sane-  a  ,  M  n\'  and  KKKN-.     2.  [Scot.] 

Churn,     kirn 'milk",  n.  [Scot]   Buttermilk, 
kir'ile,  1   kfir'tl;  2  kir'tl,  n.     A  garment   with  :i  skirt;  a 
frock  or  mantle.     [<    AS.  cyrttl,    <   Ice.  skyrta,  skirt.] 
kirtleil,  o. 
KT'shi-iH-f,  i   kl'ffhl-nef';  2  U'shl-nef,  ".     A  town  (pop. 
128,700  .  capital  of  Bessarabia  government,  s.  \\     H 
re  of  Jews,  1903     KPshl-nev'J^ 
kis'iiiet,  i  ki-'met .  Appointed  lot;  fate.    [< 

Turk  qi  met.  <  Ai  Ide.j 

kiss',  1  kin;  2  kls,  v.    1.1     To  touch  with  thi   lip    . 

tatdon;  graze  or  touch  slightly.    II.  i      l.    alute  mutu- 
ally witli  thi  b  gently;  meet.    [<  A.S.  c 
eei  ihks.s. 

klss'lin,!bu|{",  n.     A  small  black  predatory  bug  with 

long  sharp  beak      luss'lncaeom^flt,  >i.    A  lozenge  for  per- 

ig  me  breath,     klss'lim^eriisi",  n.     Thai  part  of  the 

upper  crust  of  a  loaf  which,  while  baking,  overhangs  the 

edge  and  touches  another. 

ki-s,  i.  \,,  affectionate  salutation  by  contact  of  the 
lips;  a  gentle  touch.  *i.  I  Ine  ol  various  forms  of  confec- 
tionery.    [<  AS.  COM,  kiss.]  [coffin,     klst'ful,  n. 

klst,  i  kist;  2  klst,  n.  [North.  Eng  a-  Bcol  I    A  chest,  box,  <<r 

kit1,  1  kit ;  2  kit,  n.  1.  A  tub,  pail,  or  l>ox  for  packing.  'I. 
A  srniii  pail.  3.  A  collection  of  articlee  and  appliances 
for  any  special  purpose;  an  outfit,  a-s  ol  tools.   [D.,  beaker.] 

kit2,  n.  1.  A  small  tbree»stringed  violin.  2.  A  guitar. 
[Abbr.  of  AS.  cylere.  <  L.  cit/iara;  see  ouitar.1 

kit1,  n.    A  kitten. 


1:8=  final;    l  =  hablt2    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    IO  =  feud:    diin;    go;    t}  =  s\ng;    fhin,   this.  kine 

443        2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,  but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;  thin,'  this!         knock 


kit  eh 'en,  1  1  kieVen;  2  kich'fn,  n.    A  room  specially  set 
kich'enp, J  apart  and  containing  the  necessary  utensils 

for  cooking  food;  also,  an  establishment  where  food  is 

cooked  for  sale.      [  <    L.AS  coquina,  <   coquo,  cook.] 

kitch'en-er,  n.— kltch'en-ette",  n.    [Colloq.,  U.  S.]    A 

small  kitchen. — kiteh'en=gar"den,  n.  A  vegetable>garden. 

— k.=middcn,  n.      A  mound  composed  of  sea-shells   and 

bones,  the  kitchen  refuse  of  ancient  dwellings,  with   rude 

stone  implements. 
Kitch'en-er,  1  kiefi'en-ar;  2  kich'gn-er,  of  Khartum,  Earl 

(1850-f916).     A  British  general  and  administrator  in  India 

and  Egypt;  Secretary  of  State  for  War,  1914. 
kite,  1  kait;  2  kit,  n.     1.  A  hawk-like  bird  having  long 

pointed  wings  and  a  forked  tail.     2.  A  slender  wooden 

frame  covered  with  light  fabric,  to  be  flown  in  the  air. 

3.  Naut.  A  light  and  lofty  sail,  for  use  in  a  very  light 

wind.     4.  [Slang.]  In  commerce,  any  negotiable  paper 

of  questionable  value.    [  <  AS.  cyta,  the  bird  kite.] 
kith,  1  kith;  2  kith,  n.    One's  friends,  acquaintance,  or 

associates:  in  the  phrase  kith  and  kin.    [  <  AS.  cyth, 

<  airman,  know.] 
kit 'ten,  1  kit'n;  2  kit'n,  n.    A  young  cat  or  other  feline 

animal.     [ME.  kiton,  dim.  of  cat,  n.] — kit'ten-isb,  a. 
klt'ti-wake,  1  kit'i-wek;  2  kit'i-wak,  n.     A  gull  of  northern 

seas,  having  the  hind  toe  rudimentary.    [From  Its  cry. I 
kit  'tic,  1  kit'l;  2  kit'l,  a.    [Scot]    Hard  to  manage;  skittish; 

ticklish.    [<  AS.  citelian,  tickle.] 
kit'ty,  1  kit'i ;  2  kit'i,  n.   [kit'tiesz,  pi.]  A  kitten;  pussy. 
Kiu-shu ',  n.    Same  as  Kyushu. 
ki'wi,  1  ki'wi;  2  ki'wi,  n.  [New  Zealand.]  [ki'wisz  or  ki'wies2, 

pi.]    A  wingless  bird,  the  apteryx:  named  from  the  note. 
K.  K.  K.,  abbr.    Kuklux  Klan. 
Kle"ber',  1  kle"bar';  2  kle"ber',  Jean  Baptiste  (1753   1800). 

A  French  general;  assassinated  at  Cairo. 
klep"to-ma'ni-a, )  1  klep"to-me'ni-a;  2  kle-p"to-ma'ui-a, 
clep"to-ma'ni-a, )  n.    An  insane  or  uncontrollable  pro- 
pensity to  steal.     [  <   Gr.  klepto,  steal,    +  mania.] — 

klep"to-[or  elep"to-]ma'ni-ac,  n. 
Klon'dlke,  1  klen'daik;2  klon'dik,  n.    A  small  tributary  of  the 

Yukon  river,  N.  W.  Canada;  gold-fields. 
Klop 'stock,  1  klep'sritak;2  kI6p'shtok,  Friedrlch  Gottlieb 

(1724-1803).    A  German  lyric  and  epic  poet. 
Kluck,  lkluk;  2  kluk,  Alexander  U.R.  von  (1846-        ).   A 

German  general:  fought  against  French  and  British.  1914. 
K.  M.,  abbr.     Knight  of  Malta. — km.,  abbr.     Kilometer. — 

km2,  abbr.     Square  kilometer, 
knack,  1  nak;2  nak.    If.  vi.    To  make  a  sharp,  quick  sound: 

snap.    II.  n.    1.  The  trick  of  doing  a  thing  readily  and  well; 

cleverness;  adroitness.     2.  A  clever  device.     3.  [Colloq.]  A 

knickknack.    [Imitative. |     Syn.:  see  ease. 
knack'er,  1  nak'ar;  2  nak'er,  n.     [Engl     A  dealer  In,  and 

slaughterer  of,  old,  diseased,  or  disabled  horses, 
knag,  nan.  n.   [Dial,  or  Obs.]   A  knot  or  knob—  knag'gy,  a. 
knap || ',  1  nap;  2  nap,  v.    l.t.    To  break  in  pieces,  snap.    II.  t. 

To  make  a  snapping  sound.    [  <  D.  knappcn,  bite,  crack] 
knap1 1|,  n.    A  sharp  cracking  noise. 

knap2,  n.  [Prov.  Eng.]  A  knob  or  mound.    [<  AS.  cnaep.] 
knap 'sack",  1  nap'sak";  2  nap'sak",  n.    A  case  of  leather 

or  oanvas  worn  strapped  across  the  shoulders,  for  carry- 
ing light  luggage.    [<  D.  knappen,  eat,    t  zak,  sack.] 
knar,  1  nar;  2  niir,  n.     [Dial,  or  Obs.J     A   knot   in   wood. 

knarret;  knaurj. 
knarled,  knar'ly,  a.    Same  as  gnarleu,  etc. 
knave,  1  nev;  2  nav,  n      1.  A  dishonest  person;  rogui       '!. 

A  playing-card,  the  jack.     3.  A  familiar  friend;  chum. 

4f-    A    boy;     servant.        [<     AS. 

cnafa,   servant   boy    (G.    tnabe).] 

knav'er-y,  n.     [-eb-iesz,  pi.]      De- 

celtfulness    In    dealing;    roguery.  — 

knav'lsh,  a.    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 
knead1,  1  old;  2  aed,vt.    I.  To  mix 

and    work    into    a    homogeneous 

mass.  2.  Tooperate  upon,  fashion, 

mold,   or   make  bv  or  as  by  knead 

[<  AS.  cnedan,  knead.]— knead  'er, 
knee,  1  ni;   2  no,  n.     1.  The  joint,  or 

region  about  the  joint  of  the  human 

midway  between  the   hip-joint    and 

ankle.      2.  A  region  considered   sim 

to  the  knee  of  man,  as  that  about    the      Knee-joint. 

carpal  joint  in  the  horse  or  cow.     3.   In      A  rtrtlml  i-.-tton 

construction,     something    an  ""',,£"7 

shape   to  a  bent  human  knee.     [<  Ac         .,    ...  ,iu.;  ,,i'. 

cneow,    knee]  —  knce'=breech"cs,    n     ill  potterior  ilpmnt; 

Breeches  extendng  from  the  waist  to  a  point 

just  below  the  knee.    k.=smallsi.     knee'- 

cap",  n.     Anal.  The  patella,    knee'pan";. 

— k.=deep.  a.       1.  Rising  to  the  knee       2.  Sunk  to  the 

knee—  k.diigh,  a.     Read  >  M  the  knee       k. 

joint,  n.     1.  Anm.   The  articulation  between  the  femur 

and  the  tibia,  which  includes  the  patella.     2.  A  Joint  made 


or  stiffened  by  a  knee,  as  In  ship-building.  3.  Much.  A 
toggle-joint.— kneed,  a.  1.  Possessed  of  knees,  2.  worn  or 
disfigured  by  or  at  the  knees.    3.  Formed  like  a  bent  knee. 

kneel,  1  nil;  2  nel,  vi.     [knelt  or  kneeled.   k\ 
kneel'ing.]    To  make  obeisance;  support  the  bod]  on 
the  bent  knee  or  knees.  [<AS.cnedto,knee  )     kneel  'er,;i. 

knell, )  1  nel;  2  nel.    l.tt.&vi.    [Poet.]    To  summon  by 

kneF,  J  a  knell;  sound  a  knell;  give  a  sad  or  warning 
sound.  II.  n.  The  tolling  of  a  lull  to  announce  a  death; 
an  evil  omen.    [<  AS.  cnyU,  <  cnyUan,  knock.] 

knelt,  imp.  &  pp.  of  kneel,  r. 

knett,  knettet,  imp.  &  pp.  of  knit,  v. 

knew,  imp.  of  know,  r. 

Kniek'er-bock"er,  1  nik'ar-bok'ar;  2  nfk'er-bok'er,  n.  1.  A 
descendant  of  one  of  the  early  Dutch  settlers  in  New  York 
State:  a  New-Yorker.  2.  [k-]  pj.  w  ide  knee-breeches  fath- 
ered below  the  knee.  [<  Diedrich  Knickerbocker,  typical 
Dutch  character  in  trving's  "History  of  New  ^  ork."] 

knick'knack",  1  nik'nak";  2  nlk'nak".  n.  A  trilling  arti- 
cle; trinket;  trifle.     [Redup.  of  knack,  n] 

knife.  1  naif ;  2  nif.    1.  it.    [knifed';  knif'ing]    (Slang.) 

1.  To  stab,  cut,  or 
kill  with  a  knife, 

2.  [TJ.  S.]  Figura- 
tively, to  defeat  or 
ruin  by  secretly 
working  against. 
II.    n.      [knives, 

pi.]       1.    A    blade, 
usually    with    one 
sharpened       edge, 
commonly  set  in  a 
handle,     for    cut- 
ting.      2.     Mnclt.  Knives. 
An    edged      blade      l    Si   -             -  P    InMmlfo:  a,  a,  bol- 
forming     part    of  ""■■  ■'•  '"''■ '   kl«*  '■  Pto*e> 
an  implement   or**    '   ■*•*"* 
machine.     (<    AS-   cnif,   knife.)   -war   to  the   knife, 
mortal  conflict.  — knlf'er,  n. 
knight,  1  noit;  2  nit.    I'1,  ti     To  confer  tin-  honor  "i 
knighthood  upon.    II.  n.   1.  In  medieval  times,  a  gentle- 
man bred  to  the  profession  of  anus,  and  admitted  w  ith 
special  ceremonies  to  honorable  military  rank.    '.'. 
Brit.]    The  holder  of  a  title  next  below  thai  "i  I1 

3.  A  champion;  any  man  devoted  t<>  tin-  service  ol  a 
woman  or  a  cause.     4.    A   chessman   bearing   a    I 
head   and   moving   one   square   diagonally,    then   one 
straight  forward,  m  any  possible  direction,  without  rx  - 

gard  to  intervening  pieces.  I  <  AS.  cniht,  boy,  <  cyn. 
kin.] — knight  erranf,  a  medieval  knight  who  went  forth 
to  redress  wrongs  or  seek  adventures     knight  '■••r"miii- 

ry,  n.  The  customs  and  practises  Of  the  knights  errant. 
chivalry.-  k.  of  the  road,  a  footpad  k.  of  the  shears, 
a  tailor.— k.  of  the  shire  |(,i  Brit  |,  a  county  member  ol 
Parliament   as  distinguished   from  ■>   bi  mber 

knights  of  Labor  [TJ.  S.j,  a  national  organisation  ol  laboi 
Ing  men.  for  mutual  bcnetll  and  protection       knlght'age, 
n.    The  collective  bod]  of  knights,     knlichi 'hood.  »     I. 
The  character  or  dignity  of  a  knight     2.1  tlvelj 

-   knight 'l\,    n.      Pertaining    to    a    knlwhl ;    ohlValTOlU 
knight  'li-ness,  tl       knight  i> ,  nth  . 

knit,  1  nit;  2  nil.  <'   &OT.     |knit  it  km  r'  1 1  i< '.  k  m  i 

1.  To  form  (a  fabric  or  garment)  i>\  a  leries  ol  intet 

locked  loop    ol   i   thread     '-'.  Hence,  tc,  . 

unite  closely;  dra\\  i i  her;  contract    gi    * 

[<  as  cnittan,  ■    enotta,  knot  I     knlt'ter,  n      knll'tlng, 
n.    1.  The  act  of  knitting,    'i.  Tin'  Fabric  produced  I 
ting     knll'tlngwork":.      knll'tlng  iicc"dlc.  n. 

Muni  needle,  used  in  Knitting. 
knives,  rj.    Plural  "f  km.  i 
knob,  1  nob;  2  n8b,  ».    A  rounded  | uberanoe,  bunch, 

.,i  boss    Specifically:  <  l  >  \  rounded  handle,  aaol  adooi 

(2)  [U.  S.]  \  rounded  mountain;  knoll     |\ 
knohiied.  "      Having    knol  knob'bjri 

tun  ,,r  knobs;  aJ  ".  hills      knob'bl-nei 
knock.  1  nek;  2  n6k    I',  vi   a         1.1  o  givi  ■  blow  t". 

strike  a  bl'>w  with;  strike;  rap 

i  ;  collide  or  cause  to  i  '  Q.iU.  t  1  1 

i, ,,.l  i.iuli  with;  deorj  II.  n  \  troki  wit 
a  blow  ,  rap  I  vs  tnucian,  knock;  latitat 
ni.. .« 

—to  knock  nif.     I.I 
make  olth  tnd     S.  To  '  ■ 

1.   ,  i,:, i. mi.  ri/.e.i    by    knocking    nhotil    or   rmiKhni 
[I  olloq     austral.)  Adaptal  " 

\    ,„  .ii.  p  i 

and  lib,  and  ha\  In  ' -  ' '  • 

l.  i  >m.  «  bo  knocl 

i    ,  :•  i..i  admit! 

k. -kneed,  a.     He 


knoll 

k>  .1,  k 

knoll. 
klloll  . 
kuotl    . 


.1  ■»         i  I  i.i  ..      ot  .    fill!,  rOl.-;    lilt.  I'ftrn; 

.  ,  .  .  ill  I  ...  not.  01,  won, 


til 


■OUtlil, 

bill  top 

r  mom 

.v  riling 

t . 

■  - 


1}  III-.  (..I   IQNO 

U>  kn  i  oxpoi  lonoe;  know 

.    .      .      iv  rUltn         i  wroni     know  by  or 

know   i-i'i  •    .         know   i-i>i  e- 

Btai  .        know'er,        know  int.        Knowledgo. 

knowc,  1  nun.  :.■  iin» ,  n    [Soot  1  K  hlllook:  knoll, 

know  Ins,  .  ■■■■-.  ;■ :     Hi.     ■  i»  !■■•  ption  or 

l>  re  wd ;  ou  to 

lllgcnt, 

iirvwd      \  knowlna 

tlr,  iii-  .  Indl  «  llh  a  touoh 

I  perhap    ol  cunnlrui    In  roj  u  d  to  nme 

i    matter,    n    Indicates    tin-    p..--.     ion    ..r    n 

knowledge  which   the  person  could   Imparl    it  !»■  oboae 

■      llghtl)    ln\  Ml. .ii M       \\  ■ 

•  i r  u  •  ..  it  it i ii  ii 

narrow  range,  but  ot  .•!  *  i 

Implying  thai  he  knows  more  than  la  oommonly 
expected  ot  such  an  animal       \  child  baa  mon 

than  would  be  !■  .«.*•..-« l  f.,r  .ii  bis  years,  perhapi 
more  than  la  quite  desirable,  while  to  speak  ol  :■  child  u  to- 
ut Is  altogether  complimentary,     M      kSTI  I  I  .  I  I  I  \  I  II, 


^""lY 


4* 


\ 


>1  IIS  —^17 


P-^S"  ^  §  -, 


DIM  BRENT   I  ORM8  OF  KNOTS. 

.  v  I  mn>tan.  Mmli.w  Wilkrr'i  knot,  b*eun  »ml  (SiiMiM.    S,  7.  Doubb  MaMhm 

■»■      .  -                                  •bud.    1  J,  M.   Diamond  kn..l.  Binzin 

ultokb  •               ■     naeknot.   It.Raon                    -       '    '."   Bunul knot, 

H.  DnttiPkak4l«p.    tz.  ''liix-b-ln.*.   ii.  IV.IIo.   •  -.  .     ,   .,     .     i      Urk'i  hndknot   27.  Chmln.knot  with  I 

.  ■                                                                . 

'    |.«>4>.     <■'■.    *•?*•!■— -   .  ...  .  I.|,,.-..n.h»l,«r.| 

i  ...  balMritabt*. 

4  irltiii/,    l.wui>  Mi'i  Onllhed.      70.  l!«cklnf>Mliln(. 

<  i^iliC-    •  -  ~l«ulib  wludUia. 

iii  1. 1. p. km  .  n  ise .  —  Ant.:  dull,  gullible, senseless, sDIy, sim- 
ple, stolid,  stupid,  undlseernlng,  unintelligent. — know'lng- 
i>.  adv.  1.  with  knowledge,  'i-  Shrewdly;  slyly. 
knowl'i-rige,  1  nnl'ej;  2  nfil'fidg,  n.  1.  A  result  or  product 
of  knowing.  Specifically:  (1)  Information;  learning; 
scholarship,  (2)  Practical  understanding  or  .skill  in 
anything,  'i.  The  fl- -:t r  and  certain  apprehi  □  ion  of 
truth;  assured  rational  conviction,  3.  '1'ln-  act,  process, 
or  state  of  knowing:  cognition.  4.  Any  object  of  know- 
ing or  mental  apprehension:  '  l  >  That  which  is  or  may  be 
known;  the  knowable.  (2i  Actual  or  possible  rant;''  of 
information  (3)  Specific  information;  notice.  5||.  Sex- 
ual  intercourse.    knoul'i'ohot. 

Syn.:  acquaintance,  apprehension,  cognition,  cognizance, 
compt  rudition,  experience,   Information,  intel- 

ligence. Intuition,  teaming,  Ugbt,  lore,  perception,  recognl- 
tton  clence,  wisdom  Is  all  that  the 

mind  knows,  from  whatever  source  derived  or  obtained,  or 
by  wl  iggregate  of  tacts,  truths,  or  prln- 

aoojuired  or  retained  by  the  mind,  Including  alike  the 
intuition*  native  to  the  mind  and  all  thai  has  been  learned 
respecting  pi  nises,  laws,  principles.  literature, 

Ddency  to  regard  tnouicdge  as  accurate 
and  systematic,  and  to  a  certain  degree  complete.    We  say 


not.]   - 
Wnoi     .-.  er  trailing  weed  with 

knot  'ted,        1 .  '..  '  Irnamented 

knot    i  .  .  •  :  i-i  -I  1 

Mar.  knot '11- 

-.  n. 
kiioiil .  ,1  form  of   ■'■ 

1  !•'  .    < 
kiioni .  a  with  the  knout. 

.  'A  '  i  \  ■ .  ]     I .  I 
- 

.'.  I   with;  nnder- 

; .  I . 

i  ription. 

II.        1 .  To  have 

;.  •  knowledge;  acquire 

.■.w.J 
,  tainted   Will 

compre- 
alntur  knowledge  of.  learn, 

..ai.klk.e  —  AntJ   be 


know,  : 

I. 

stand. 


ence.  havi 

ir.a^  "ire 


1:  a  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    CHI  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    dlin;    go;    n  =  sin<7;    fhin,   this.  knoll 

445         2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,  but,  burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  £em;  ink;   thin,   this,         kyaok 


of  a  studious  man  that  he  has  a  great  store  of  knowledge,  or  of 
an  Intelligent  man  of  the  world,  that  he  has  a  fund  of  varied 
information.  We  speak  of  perception  of  external  objects,  ap- 
prehension of  Intellectual  truth.  Simple  perception  gives  a 
limited  knowledge  of  external  objects,  merely  as  such;  the 
cognition  of  the  same  objects  Is  a  knowledge  of  them  in  some 
relation;  cognizance  is  the  formal  or  official  recognition  of 
something  as  an  object  of  knouiidgc;  we  take  cognizance  of  it. 
Intuition  is  primary  knoniedgt  antecedent  to  all  teaching  or 
reasoning;  experience  is  knowledge  that  has  entered  directly 
Into  one's  own  life;  as,  a  child's  experience  that  tire  will  burn. 
See  acquaintance;  education;  learning;  science;  wis- 
dom.— Ant.:  ignorance,  illiteracy,  Inexperience,  misappre- 
hension, misconception,  misunderstanding,  rudeness,  uu- 
familiarity. 

known,  1  non;  2  n5n,  pp.  of  know,  v. 

know'=noth"ing,  n.  1.  An  uneducated  or  densely  ignorant 
person.  2.  [K-]  A  member  of  the  American  party  in  U.  S. 
politics  (lSf>:i-lS5f>).  which  aimed  at  excluding  foreign«born 
persons  from  the  government.  Being  originally  a  secret  soci- 
ety, its  members  professed  to  "know  nothing"  about  it  when 
questioned,  hence  the  name. — Know'siioth"ing-isni,  n. 
The  principles  of  the  Knownothings  or  [k-]  of  the  agnostics. 

Knox,  1  neks;  2  noks,  re.  1.  Henry  (1750-1802),  an  American 
Revolutionary  general  and  statesman.  2.  John  (1505-1572), 
a  Scottish  Protestant  reformer,  theologian,  and  historian. 

Knox'vllle,  1  neks'vil;  2  noks'vil,  n.  A  manufacturing  city 
in  E.  Tennessee;  has  university;  pop.  36,000. 

Knt.,  Kt.,  abbr.    Knight. 

knuck'le,  )1    nuk'l;    2    nfik'l.    I.    vi.      [knuck'l(e)dp; 

knuck'lp,  (  knuck'ling.]  [Colloq]  To  submit  to  an 
antagonist;  yield.  II.  n.  1.  One  of  the  joints  of  the 
fingers.  2.  The  ankle=joint,  as  of  a  calf.  3.  Mec.h.  A 
joint  or  hinge  resembling  a  knuckle.  4.  Ship'building. 
An  abrupt  angle  in  a  timber.  [  <  AS.  cnucel.] — 
kimck'led,  a.    Jointed. 

knur,  1  nor;  2  nur,  n.    A  knot  or  knob.    [ME.  knor,  knorrc.] 

knurl,  1  nurl;  2  nurl,  re.  A  hard  substance  or  protuber- 
ance: knot— knurled,  a.    knurl'}  j . 

knyllet,  v.    To  knell;  toll. 

ko-a'la,  1  ko-a'la;  2  ko-a'la,  n.  [Austral.)  An  arboreal  mar- 
supial of  Australia,  about  2  feet  long,  with  no  external  tail, 
and  ash-gray  woolly  fur.  Australian  heart;  co-a'lat; 
native  heart;  native  sloth}. 

ko'balt,  n.    Same  as  cobalt. 

Ko'be,  1  ko'be;  2  ko'be,  n.  A  seaport  (pop.  378,000),  S.  coast 
of  Honshu  Island,  Japan. 

Ko'blenz.n.    SameasConLENZ. 

ko'bold,  1  ko'bold;  2  ko'bold,  n.  G.  Folk-lore.  An  earth=splrit 
Inhabiting  mines  and  caves;  gnome.  [G.,  <  MHO.  kobolt, 
perhaps  from  kobe,  cabin,  +  -wait,  ruler,  <  molten,  rule.) 

Koch,  1  koH;  2  koH,  Robert  (1843-1910).  A  German  physi- 
cian and  bacteriologist;  discovered  pathogenic  germs  of 
tuberculosis  and  cholera. 

ko'dak,  1  ko'dak;  2  ko'dak.  I',  vt.  To  take  an  instanta- 
neous picture  of.  II.  n.  A  portable  photographic 
camera  with  which  successive  instantaneous  negatives 
are  made:  proprietary  term  invented  as  a  trade»mark 
by  the  Eastman  Kodak  Company.     See  CAMERA, 

K.  of  P.,  abbr.    Knights  of  Pythias.  __ 

Koh"l-noor',  1  ko"i-nur';  2  ko"i-noor',  n.  A  famous  Indian 
diamond  presented  to  Queen  Victoria     Koh"l-iiur't. 

kohl,  1  kol;  2  kol,  n.  In  Arabic-speaking  countries,  a  powder 
of  antimony  used  to  darken  the  eyes.    [Ar.|    kocnlt. 

kohl'ra"bi,  i  koTra"bi;  2  kol'rii'bl,  n.  A  variety  of  cabbage 
with  an  edible  turnip-shaped  stem:  a  common  ii<-l.  1  <r< >i>  m 
Sweden.  [(I.,  for  It.  cavolo  rapa,  <  L.  caulls,  cabbage,  + 
rapa,  turnip. | 

ko'la,  ku'lasnut,  etc.    Same  as  cola,  etc 

Ko'mu-ra,  1  ko'mu-rn:2  ko'mu-ra,  Marquis  .lularo  (is.">.r) 
l!ll  1).    A  Japanese  diplomat. 

Ikon 'go,  1  kon'go;2  kon'go,  n.  A  river  of  W.  Africa;  3,000  m 
from   Lake   Nvassa  region   to  S     Atlantic  ocean       Belgian 

Kongo,  a  country  in  W.  Africa;  909,654  sq.  m.;  pop.  15, >.- 

000;  under  Uelgian  control.    Con 'got. 

Ko'nig-griitz,  1  luTnlH-grels;  2  ku'nlii-grels.  re,  A  town  ID 
Bohemia,  Austria;  Prussians  defeated  Austrlans,  186(1 

Kb'nlgs-herg,  1  kfi'nlHs-bern;  2  kiVnllls-beril.  n.  A  fortified 
city  (pop.  240,000),  N.  10.  Prussia;  menaced  by  Russian 
troops,  Feb.  1,  1915. 

koo'mlss,  n.    Kumiss,    kou'mlss  or-mysi. 

Kooril,  n.    Same  as  Kuhd. 

Koo'te-nal,  1  kii'ti-ne;  2  koo'te-nil,  n.  A  river  In  llrlt  Ish  (  to- 
lumbia  and  Montana;  length,  mom  to  Columbia  river. 

kOD,  lkop;2kop,u.    [S.-Afr.  I>|    A  IiIU;  headland. 

ko'pcck,  ko'pck,  n.    Same  as  COPECK, 

kop'je,  1  knp'r.  2  kop'e,  n.    [S.-Afr.  D.|     A  hillock 

Ko-ran',  1  ko-ran'  or  kS'ran;  2  ko-ran'  w  k<5  ran,  n.    The 

Mohammedan  sacred  scripture,   written  in   Arabic  and 

professing  to  record  the  revelations  of  Allah  (Qod)  to 

Mohammed.        (<     Ar.    (jornn.     look,      <     unci,    read.] 
AI"co-ran't;  Al"k«-ran't;  Co-ran 't;  Qii-ran'l. 
Ko-rc'a,lko-rl'a;2ko-re'a.   6eeCnosi.N.-Ko-re'an,a.  An. 


Kos,  1  kes:  2  k6s,  n.    An  Island  In  the  Grecian  Archipelago; 

110  so.  m.;  pop.  10,000.  [1817).    A  Polish  patriot 

Kos"ci-us'ko,  1  kos-i-os'ko;  2  kos"i-us'ko.  Tliaddeus  U7-K1- 
ko'slier,  1   ko'shar;  2  ko'shcr.  a.     Permitted   by  Hie  Jewish 

ceremonial  law;  clean;  pure:  sail  usually  ol  food,    [iieb.l 
Kos'suth,  1  kos'utli;2  kos'uth.  Louis  (1802   1891).    A  Hun- 
garian patriot;  led  insurrection,  |s|s 
ko-tow',  1  ko-tou';  2  ko-tow',  n.     A  ( 'hincse  form  ol  obeisance 

by  kneeling  and  touching  the  Forehead  to  the  ground  before 

a  superior.    [Chin.] — ko-tow',  vi.    kow-tow';. 
Kot'ze-bue,  1  kot'sa-bu;2  kot'se-bu,  August  Kriedrich  von 

(1761-1819).    A  German  dramatist.  [Kreutzer. 

K.  P.,  abbr.     Knights  of  St.  Patrick  (Gt.  Brit.).      Kr„  abbr. 
kraal,  1  krul;  2  kral,  n.     1.  A  village  or  group  <■!  native 

huts  surrounded  by  a  stockade  and  occupied  by  a  chief. 

2.  An  enclosure  for  cattle.     [S.-Afr.  1).] 
Kra"ka-tau',  1  krfi'ka-tou';  2  krii  'kit-ton',  n.     A  volcano  On 

Krakatau  island,  Malay  Archipelago:  destructive  eruption. 

1883.    Kra"ka-tao'ti  Kra"ka-to'at. 
kra'ken,  1  kra'ken  or  krg'ken;  2  kra'ken  or  kra'ken.  n.     A 

fabulous  sea-monster  described  as  appearing  In  Norwegian 

seas.    [Dan.,  <  Norw.  krake,  <  krake,  pole.] 
Kra'kow,  1  kra'kmi;  2  kra'kow,  n      An  ancient  city  (pop, 

171,000),  \v.  Galicla;  capital  or  Poland,   1320  1609;  now 

Austrian;  shelled  by  Russians,  1914.    Cra'cowJ. 
krame,  «.   Same  as  cramb.   cnemet. 
kran,   1  kran;  2  kran,   n.     A  Persian  coin.     See  coin. 
Kre'feld,  1  kre'felt;  2  kre'felt,  n.     A  manufacturing  town  In 

Rhenish  Prussia;  pop.  129,000. 
kreni'lln,  1  krem'hn;  2  kremlln,  n.    The  Citadel  Ol  B  Russian 

town;  specifically  [K-],  the  citadel  of  MOSCOW,  enclosing  the 

palace  of  the  Czar.    [E.,  <  litis.  kremU,  citadel.] 
kreut'zer,  1  kroit'sar;2  krolt'ser.  n.     A  copper  coin  Ol  Austria 

and  formerly  of  Germany,  worth  a  fraction  Ol  a  cent,     [G., 

<  kreuz,  cross,  <  L.  crux  (crve-h  cross  |  kreu'ierf. 
krls,  1  krls;  2  kris,  n.  A  short  sword;  creese  [ Malay. 1 
Krlsh'na,  1  krish'na;2  krish'na.  n    Hind.  Myth.   A  celebrated 

Hindu  deitv.  an  Incarnation  ol  Vishnu.  [Santa  <   laus, 

Krlss  Krin'gle,  1  kris  krli/gl;  2  kris  krln'gl.     st    Nicholas; 
kro'ne,  1  krfJ'ne;  2  kro'ne,  n.    A  coin  of  Denmark,  Norway, 

and  Sweden.      See  coin,     kro'na;    [Sw  |. 
Kron'os,  1   kron'os;  2  kron'OS,   n.     (!r.  Myth.     The  original 

supreme  deity,  superseded  by  Zeus. 
Kron'stadt,  n.  Same  as  Cronstadt. 
Krii'ger,  1  kru'gar:  2  kru'ger.  Steplianiis  Johannes  PaulUS 

(182-5-1904).    "Oom  Paul."  a  Boer  statesman;  Presldenl  ol 

the  South-African  Republic  from  1881  to  1901 
Krupp,  1  krup;2  knjp,  n.    1.  Alfred  (1812   1887),  rounder  ol 

the   famous   gun-works,    Essen,    Cermany       'I.    Kriedrich 

Alfred  (1854   1902),  a  German  gunmaker;  son  ol  Ufred. 
kry'o-llte.  n.    Same  as  CRYOLITE     krj 'o-lllh;. 
kryp'ton,  l  krlp'ten;  2  kryp'ton,  n.    A  gaseous  constituent 

of  the  atmosphere  isolated  by  Etamsaj   In  1898     Sec  I  i  i 

ment.    [  <  Gr.  kryptos,  hidden.]  [Templars. 

K.  T.,  abbr.    Knight  of  the  Thistle  (droit  Britain),  i- 
Ku'hiai  Khan,  1  ku'blni  kfln; 2  ku'bll  kfin  (1214    1294       I  lie 

great   Khan   of   the   Mongols;   conquered   China.      Kn'hla 

Khan,  title  of  a  poem  by  <  lolerldge. 
Kuen"lun',  1  kwen'lQn';  2  fcwen'lun'.n.  Mountains  between 

Turkestan  and  Tibet;  length.  2,1 DO      altitude,  -'.".,000  ft, 

luitii.  a.  &  >i.    Same  as  ( !i  pic 

Kil'klux",  1  kliTklttks";  2  kiTkluks".  n.     1.  A  secret 
in  the  southern  United  States  after  the  Civil  War,  almiug 
to  prevent  negro  ascendency     Ku'klux  KlanJ,    '-'.  ^mom 
her  of  this  society.    [  ■  ■  <  Ir.  kyklos,  a  ctri 

Kul-tur',  1  ktd-tOr';  2  kul-tur',  n.    [G.]     Progress,  ai 
ment,  and  efficiency,  In  all  phases,  practical  or  theoretical, 
of  poll!  teal,  economic,  social,  scientific,  or  artistic  life     H  in- 
cludes the  processes  Involved  and  the  material  and  mental 
results  attained;  civilization;  formerly,  culture,  cultivation 

ku'miss,  J,  ku'iiiis;  2  kvi'mUi,  n  Fermented  mare's  milk, 
used  by  the  Tatar  tribe  o!  oi  nti  J  \  ia.oi  t  drink  made 
in  imitation  of  it.    |<  Tatar  kumic]    ku'myi  ■ 

kiim'((iia(,  1  kum'kwal .  2  kOm'kwat,  n  A  unall  citrou  i 
tree  cultivated  in  ( Ihina  and  Japan;  >  fruit, 

orange«like  in  color,  bul  ol  bh<  >  »  plum, 

used  for  b  preserve    I  -    '  Ihin  kin  keu,  gold 

Kiir"<ll-slan,  I  kurdi-siun':  2  kur'dl-atan',  \ 

n,  W.  Persia  and  Turkey  in  Asia      Kuril,  n      \  natlvool 
Kurdistan,     Kurd 'Ish.  a 

Kurg,  l  i  in  I  ii ■;■.  n  \  bin  pro>  Ince  In  India,  under  lint 
ish  control;  i  ,682  sq  m    pop   i .  6, Coorg] . 

Kn'rll  Islands,  l  kQ'nl;  2  ku'rll      '  hlshlmu    modern  name 

Kn-ro'kl,   1    ku  ro'l.i    3   1(1    <  OUI1 1    I  ■ ■"•  '      ls" 

i    \. I. ii.  .ii,   o  general  Inllu  ' "'   J'"' ' 

Kn"r<i-i>at'klii.  1  ku'ro-pat'kin;  '  ku'ro-pftt  kin,  \i-  Ii  I 
NIeolalevltcta  (1848  I.   A 1  r»l, 

KiiM),  ii      S 0  B     '    UTP 

Kwang  Tung.  1   kwfln  fun  '  '■  "'  M- 

Manchuria  len  od  to  Japan  ix>l'    •'"  s  '" 

Kwang'tung",  I  i  wan' > 

(99.970  ,,  i.i    i ■ ;  ,oo  o oltal  '  anton 

Ky.,  abbr     Kontuokj  (official) 
ky'ark,  u    Same  as  KAIAK. 


kv     llll/f 


li..  ..     not.  Ar;   full.  rOIr;   LlM.  I.Orn- 

»,  is»t.  »     •      •          ■      ■          ...  it,  I         i            i          ,  ..      ,.i.  ,.,,  »,„,t        I  Hi 

i>  i.   :    tlrtton 

ki  r     i    ..    I...  i, 


k..        kl.     .  k, 


k>  r    I-..-I..L.   I-.   il 
l\>  ii-    I. ii    .    . 


..I    kyrio 

'    In    S      l.i|.:ili. 


,  m..  pup  k, ooo.i KluMihlu'ti  kui—Iiu':. 


1         Uacnar,  U    I 

I  .  i. 

i   .  i 

i 

i... 

i  nc,  lii.r 

I  '■  lo.     (It.] 

■ 

l 
I   ■  .  I   ii.  . 

i  h  ;iini  Rachel, 

:i  I  ;.;   The 

ird   adopted    I 

!. 
I 
■  •   l.ir.l  or  cii'.li        1  I  <.r   MAarurit,  standard! 

nee;  de- 
d  nnti>h  mill  l  reach 

'■'•■ii.  n.    The  .'ict 

■ 
Ii    I"  I-  I.  BLED  Or  La'bI  i  i  i  Ii; 

:      mark  with  a 
cuts-.  II.  paper,  affixed 

U»(>  Lion  to  indj  'ate  its 

OHG   lappa,  rag  | 
im,  : 

proboscis  or  a  illpti-rous  in- 
Upl 

I.     ■!  I.      I 

'.'.  Having 

s. 
II.  I . 

'  be  lips. 

■ 

■tat: 

1. 1  l>l-;ile, 

- 
i  .    il-al    .-.l:. 
l»~bl-o-d.n'tal.  1:2  14'- 

I 

II. 
- 

\L  1 

la'bl-o-n  i  -il.  ■  la'bl-o- Labiate  f'orolla  of 

I.  >  louiibeal. 

II  i    and 

-..'   !     "    ■••■-  "i  only        I-     I.   lnhUim.  lip.    •    M<u 
la'hl-utn.  n     [la'bi-a,  pi.]    A  Up,  or 

te'bor,  I.       i. 

li.       il 
*ork;  engage  regularly  or 
fpecially  in  manual 
.' 

1 
i  rtion,  particularly 

dl;  work      'I.  That 
3.  Tli<-  Labor- 
l.  n;  travail       .">. 

B.  rolling  and  pitching  of  :i 

li  hour:.    Syn.:  -■ 
Labor  da)     I 

:   iri  as  a 

.  ~i~       la'bored, //'/      Performed 

labor  la'boured ; .      la'bor-er,  n       One 

I   labor. 
la'hour-,r  I  i-lio  rl-oii-.  (UittOg  much  labor;  toil- 

some ;  Induatrio  i-     Synj  MTFICuXT;  TROUBLE- 


■"'«>      WBARUOm        l.i-lni'rl-ini*-l)  .  I  i-ho  rl-olls- 

neea,  •      la'bor-ftomet,         Involving    labor;   laborloui 

-\\  ' .  -m-- 

l.ibo-r.i-li."r\,      J  '      rv,     u 

i*,  pi  I     I.    \  building  ..r  room  Btted  up  for  oon 
ducting    scientific    experimi  nl  .    or    similar 

«..rk  'i.  Mil  A  department,  as  in  an  arsenal,  where 
partridges,  torpedoes,  etc  .  are  made     |  <   I.I.   luimni- 

A.irk  | 

i '  I..T-H,  .  alt:  2  14'bor-It,  n    [Colloq.,  Ot.  Brit.]    1. 

\  member  ol  the  Independent  Labor  part)      ''.■  One  who 

irta  labor  int.  ■ 

i  i  i...r  par'ty.      i.i    Brlt.l    a  federation  of  trade>unlons 

etc.,  aiming  to  secure  political  representa- 

of  labor  Interests  In  the  House  ol  <  lommons 

I  in    r  i-i|or',  1  lab'rs  .lor'  or  lal.'i..-ilor.  g  lab'ra  ilor'  i,r  lair 

ra-dor,  n.     A  peninsula  between   Bud  and  the 

■  le  in  ran 

II  brum.  1   I. •'brum.  2  la'bruni.  fl     [LA'BRA  0T  I.a'iiuim 

\  Up,  ..ra  llp-llke  part     [L  ] 

I    i    ltrii">«.ri'',   1    In   bruWar'.  2  la   briVii      Jean   ill-   (11,1., 

\  I  rench  w  riii-r  and  moralist ;  <  'arat  I*  ■ 
la-bur 'num,  l  Is-bOr'num;  2  la-bur'num,  »     A  European 

tree,  with  pendulous  racemes  of  yellow  Oowera  and  bard  dark 

wood 
bkb'y-rlnth,  1  lab'i-rin£h;  2  lab'y-rfnth.ji^   I.  A  01 

injt  network  of  path-   or 
a  maze.     2. 

Hen  ce  .   a  d  y  perplexing 

combination.       3.     Anat, 

The   winding  pass 

the  internal  ear.    [  <  Gr.L 

Inhyrinthos.     <  laura.    lane. 

I.ib"}-rlll'tlllll   V,(l    I. Ike 

nib:  ina/v.  In\  olvi-il. 

i.ib">-riii'i halt;  iab"j- 

r  I  ii  '  I  h  e-a  n  ,    -t  lil-an  : ; 

lab">-rln'(lilc: ;  lah">- 

riii'tlil-ral:.  —  lab">-rln'- 

thal-l).    mil.       Iali")-rln'- 

thl-cal-l>:. 
lac1.   1    lak:  2   l&e,   a.     1.  A 

resinous  substance  exuded  from  an  East»Indian  Bcale* 
I  in  making  varnisbes,  etc      Compare 

shellac     'i.  The  sap  of  certain  trees  or  plants,  used 

for  varnish.    3.  Lacquer.    [<  Per.  lak,  <  Sans.  Inl,   Im, 

lac'lnsect.] 
lav-,  a     Baine  as  laxh.    lackt. 

lao».  n.    I-harm.    Milk.     [I.  ) 

lae'eo-lith,  >  1  lak'o-nth.  -lait;  2  lae'o-llth,  -lit.  n.  Oeol    \ 
lae'eo-llte,  imasa  of  Intrusive  lava  spreading  out  between 

strata  ami  lifting  the  overlying  rocks  Into  domes. 

.  rn.  -(-  Mhos,  stone] — lac"eo-llth'lc,  a.     lae"- 
ed-llt'lr;. 

laee,  i  les;  2  l&c  I.  ti.  &  w.  [la«  bd*;  LAc'ma.l  1.  To 
a  with  a  lace  or  laces;  trim  with  lace;  interlace.  '-J. 
tn  Elk,  as  with  fine  stripes  or  Intersecting  lines.    3. 

I  Colloq  ]  To  lash.  4.  [Colloq.]  To  wear  tight  corsets. 
I.  i.  a  delicate  network  of  threads  of.  linen,  silk, 
cotton,  etc  .  ornamented  with  figures  or  patterns;  also, 
any  ornamental  cord  or  braid  'J.  \  cord  or  string  for 
•  together  the  parts  ol  a  shoe,  a  corset,  etc  ;any 
string     lt«  1    '    "    '■'  '    -    trap     Af.  A  beam  or  girder. 

I    or  /  ,,,j ,.,  .in..       last ;  laset.      Iaee':pll"- 

lon .  \  .  u-iiion  on  which  inaiiy  varieties  of  lace  on  made 
bj  band:  held  In  the  lap  or  on  the  knees,  lace'wlng",  n. 
mi  m  eel  with  L'anzy.  lafe-iiki-  wings.  The  larvae  are  known 
anaphis'iinnt.— lar'lng.  n  I.  The  act  of  fastening,  as  with 
a  laee  '!■  Same  as  lai  b,  -'  -i-  A  connecting  or  strengthen- 
ing member;  crossplece.  4.  [Colloq.]  a  ttirashing.— point  :l., 

n    A  One  larc  of    Italian  origin,  made  by  liaml   ami  wholly 

with  a  needle.    ne«lle«polnl  14;  polntj. 

I.a<  "r-d;e'mon,  1  las'i-iirmaii;  2  lai.'c-de'mon,  n.    Same  as 

BPABTA.     I^e"e-da?-m<i'nl-an,  a. 
lae'er-ate,  1  l^s'or-<"t;  2  la</er-at.    I.  vt.    |-at"edj;  -at"- 

nra  I    To  tear  raggedly,  as  the  flesh;  figuratively,  to 


(  rrian  Lab3  rlmli. 
(See  Ariadne  ) 


l:a=  final;    i=hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    lu  =  feud:    cTiin;    go;    tj  =  sino;    fhin,   this. 
447       2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   tiiis. 


kyanJzc 
lager 


afflict  with  grief;  rend;  harrow,  as  the  feelings.  II.  a. 
Rent;  jagged.  [<  L.  lacero,  <  laccr,  mangled.)  Syn.:  see 
rend. — lac'er-a-bl(ep,  a. — Iac"er-a'tion,  n.  The  act  of 
rending  or  tearing;  a  jagged  wound;  a  harrowing,  as  of  the 
feelings. — lac'er-a-tiv(e8,  a.  Lacerating,  or  having  power 
to  lacerate;  rending. 

La-cer'ta,  1  la-sur'ta;  2  la-cer'ta,  n.  Herp.  1.  A  genus  of 
lizards.  2.  [I-]  A  lizard,  especially  of  the  genus  Lacerta.  [L.] 
— la-cer'ti-an,  a.    Lizard-like. 

Iach'es||,  1  lacli'ez;  2  lach'eg,  n.  Remissness;  neglect;  In  law. 
Inexcusable  delay  in  asserting  a  right.  [  <  OF.  lachesse,  < 
lache,  <  L.  laxus,  lax.]    lachei. 

Lacn'e-sis,  1  lak't-sis:  2  lae'e-sis,  n.  Class.  M^th.  The  Fate 
who  presided  over  the  future  and  spun  the  thread  of  life. 

lach'ry-mal,  -mose,  etc.    Same  as  lacrimal,  etc. 

la-cln'i-ate,  1  le-sin't-et;  2  la-cin'i-at,  a.  1.  Bordered  with 
fringe;  fringed.  2.  Bot.  &  Zool.  Slashed  or  cut  irregularly 
Into  narrow  lobes  or  segments.  [<  L.  lacinla,  flap.]  la- 
cln'l-at"edt;  la-cin'i-oset. 

lack,  1  lak;  2  lak.  I1,  vt.  &  vi.  To  be  destitute  of;  be  in 
want  or  need;  be  deficient;  fail.  II.  n.  The  state  of 
being  in  need;  want;  destitution;  deficiency;  failure. 
[Cp.  D.  lak,  stain.]  Syn.:  see  want. — lack'braln",  n.  A 
person  who  lacks  understanding.  —  laok'dus"ter.  I.  a. 
Wanting  luster;  dim.  II.  n.  A  lack  of  luster,  or  that  which 
wants  luster. 

lack'a-day",  1  lak'a-de";  2  lak'a-da",  inter j.  An  exclama- 
tion of  grief,  regret,  or  surprize.  [Abbr.  of  alackadat.] 
— Iack"a-dai'si-cal,  a.  Affectedly  sentimental,  lack'a- 
daP'syt.— Iack"a-dai'si-cal-ly,  adv.— lack"a-dai'si-cal- 
ness,  n. 

lack'er,  v.  &  n.    Same  as  lacquer. 

lack'ey,  1  lak'i;  2  lak'y.  !•  vt.  &  i>i.  To  wait  on;  attend 
or  act  as  a  lackey.  II.  n.  1.  An  attending  male  servant; 
a  footman;  menial.  2.  Any  servile  attendant  or  fol- 
lower. [  <  F.  laquais,  <  Sp.  lacayo,  prob.  <  Ar.  luka, 
worthless.] 

La-co'ni-an,  1  la-ko'm-an:  2  la-co'ni-an.  I.  a.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  Laconia  or  Sparta;  Spartan.    II.  n.    A  Spartan. 

la-con 'ic,  1  la-ken'ik;  2  la-con'ic,  a.  1.  Using  or  con- 
sisting of  few  words;  short  and  forceful;  concise;  pithy. 
2§.  Like  the  Laconians;  abrupt;  harsh;  severe.  [<  Gr. 
Lakonikos,  <  Lakon,  an  inhabitant  of  Lacedsemon  in  Greece.] 
la-con 'i-calt.  Syn.:  see  terse. — la-con'i-cal-Iy,  adv. — 
la-con  '1-cism,  n.  1.  A  brief  and  sententious  manner  of 
expression.  2.  A  terse,  pointed  phrase;  laconic  expression. 
lac'o-nlsrut. 

La-con 'i-ca,  1  la-ken'i-ka;  2  la-c6n'i-ca,  n.  An  ancient 
country  in  S.  Greece;  capital,  Sparta.    La-co'ni-af. 

La"cor"daire',  1  la"ker"dar':  2  la"cor"dar',  Jean  Baptiste 
(1802-1861).    A  French  Dominican  pulpit  orator. 

lac'quer,  1  lak'sr;  2  lak'er.  I.  vt.  To  coat  or  varnish 
with  lacquer.  II.  n.  1.  A  varnish  of  shellac  dissolved 
in  alcohol.  2.  Lacquered  woodwork,  often  inlaid,  lac'- 
queriwork"}:.  3.  Decorative  work,  as  on  leather  lac- 
quered in  imitation  of  enamel.  [Ult.  <  Per.  lak;  see 
lac1,  n.] 

lac'quey,  n.    Same  as  lackey,    lac'quayt. 

lac'ri-mal,  1  lak'n-mal;  2  lac'ri-mal.  I.  a.  Pertaining 
to,  secreting,  or  conveying  tears.  II.  ?t.  1.  A  mem- 
brane-bone, generally  wholly  or  partly  within  the  orbit 
of  the  eye.  2.  Lacrimatory.  [<  L.  lacrima,  tear  I 
lach'ry-malt.— lac'ri-ma-ry,  a.  Pertaining  to,  contain- 
ing, or  meant  to  contain  tears,  lac '[or  lacli']ry-ma-ryf.— 
lac"ri-ma'tlon,  n.  The  act  of  shedding  tears,  lac'rl- 
ma-to"ry,  n.  [-eiesz,  pt.\  a  small,  oarrow-necked  glass 
bottle  of  a  type  found  in  ancient  tombs,  tallied  to  have  con- 
tained the  tears  of  mourners,  but,  iu  fact,  an  unguent-  or 
perf  ume-bott  Ie.  —  lac'rl- 

mose",  a.     Shedding,  or  given  IH         L&CTO 

to    shedding,    tears;     tearful.  /\  ft  Pi»jer  running  with 

lac'[or      lach']ry-inose"t.  — 
lac"rl-mo'sal,  a. 

la-crosse',  1  la-kros';  2  la- 
eros',  n.  A  game  of  ball  of 
Indian  origin,  played  by  two1 
sides,  in  which  the  object  of) 
each  side  is  to  force  or  carry 
the  ball  with  a  long,  racket* 

like  implement  called  a  crosse,  between  and  past  two 
goal-posts.    [<  F.  lacrosse,  thecrutch.] 

lact-,     )1  lakt-,  lak'ti-,  lak'to-;  2  laet-,  laVti-,  I 

lac'ti-,  VFrom  Latin  lac  (lad-),  milk:  combining  form 

lac'to-,  )  — Iac'ta-ry§,  n.  [-bibbz,  pi.]  A  milk  bou  e; 
dairy;  formerly,  as  an  adjective,  having  mill,  like  juice. 
— lac'tate<i,  ».  I.  t.  To  change  or  turn  into  milk;  make 
like  milk.  II.  i.  1.  To  form  or  secrete  milk  2.  To  suckle 
young.— lac'tate,  n.  ciinn.  a  salt,  of  lactic  acid  lae- 
ta'tlon,  n.  The  act  of  secreting  milk  or  of  suckling  young, 
— lac'te-al.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  or  like  milk,  conveying 
a  milk-like  liquid,    lac'tc-anl;  lac'tc-ousl.    II." 


One  of  the  lymphatic  vessels  that  take  up  and  convey  the 
chyle—  lac-tes'cence,  r».  1.  The  condition  or  quality  of 
being  or  becoming  milky.  2.  Bot.  The  flow  of  a  milky 
juice  from  certain  plants  when  Injured. — lae- tes 'rent,  <i. 
Milk-like;  becoming  milky;  secreting  a  milky  juice  — 
Iac'tic,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to.  or  derived  from  milk'.  '  lac 'tic 
acid,  an  acid  produced  by  fermentation,  as  in  sour  milk.— 
Iac-tom'e-ter,  n.  An  instrument  for  determining  the  den- 
sity of  milk.— lac'tose,  n.  A  sugar  contained  in  milk 
milk"=su  'gart ;  sugar  of  nillkt. 

Lac-tan'tius,  1  lak-tan'shus;  2  lae-t&n'shus,  l.ueliis  Cteet- 
lius.  The  "Christian  Cicero."  A  Latin  Father  (4th  cent   I. 

la-cu'na,  1  le-klu'na;  2  la-cfi'na.  n.  [-x.e  or  -nas,  />!.]  1.  A 
space  from  which  something  is  wanting  or  lias  been  omitted; 
hiatus;  gap.  2.  A  small  pit,  hollow,  or  depression;  a  gap  or 
small  opening.  [L.,  <  locus,  basin.]  la-rune';,  la-cn'- 
nar,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  a  lacuna.  '!.  Containing  or 
lacunae,  la-cu'nalf.— Iac'u-nose",a.  Marked  by  shallow 
depressions;  furrowed. 

la-cus'trine,  1  la-kus'tnn;  2  la-cus'trin,  a.  1.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  a  lake.  2.  Found  in  or  growing  in  lakes.  [< 
L.  lacus,  lake]    la-cus'traU;  la-cus'tri-anf. 

lad,  1  lad;  2  13d,  n.  A  boy  or  youth;  companion;  fellow. 
[<  Ir. lath, stripling.]   lad'dlet [Scot.]. 

lad'der,  1  lad'ar;  2  lad'er,  n.    A  device  of  wood,  rope,  etc., 

for  climbing  and  descending:  usually  a  series  of  rounds, 
supported  at  their  ends  by  long  side-pieces;  any  means 
of  ascending.    [<  AS.  hlmder,  ladder.] 

lade,  1  led;  2  lad,  vt.  &  vi.  [lad'kd1;  lad'ed^  or  lad'kn; 
lad'ing.]  1.  To  put  a  load  or  burden  on  or  in:  load;  op- 
press. 2.  To  dip  up  or  out  with  a  ladle  or  dipper,  '.t. 
Naiit.  To  leak.  [<  AS.  hlmlnn.  load.]  Syn.:  see  load. — 
lad'ing,  n.  The  act  of  loading;  a  load  or  cargo 

la'dle,  1  le'dl;  2  la'dl.  I.  vt.  [la'dled;  la'duno.1  To 
dip  up  and  pour  with  a  ladle.     II.  n.     1.  A  cup-shaped 

vessel,  with  a  long  handle,  lor  serving  liquids  '-'.  A 
mill*wheel  float.    [  <  AS.  hl.vdcl,  <  hladan, load.] 

La'do-ga,  1  lo'do-ga;  2  lii'do-ga.  n.  A  lake  in  X  \V.  Russia, 
largest  in  Europe  (0,998  sq.  m.). 

la-drone',  1  la-dron';  2  la-dron'.  n.  1.  [P.  1  ]  An  Insurgent  or 
hostile  Filipino  soldier.  2.  A  mercenary  soldier  or  robber; 
rascal.    [It..  <  L.  latro,  robber.]  [the  China  Sea. 

La-drone'  Islands.    1.  Same  as  Marianas.    2.  A  group  in 

la'dy,  1  le'di;  2  la'dy,  n.    [la'diks7-,  pt.]    1.  A  woman  of 
good  breeding  or  family;  gentlewoman.      2.  |I.-| 
The  title  belonging  to  the  wives  i  il  peers  I  teli  >\\  the  rank 
of  duke,  or  baronets  or  knights,  also  to  tie    daui 
of  dukes,  marquises,  and  earls.     3.  The  mistress  ..|  a 
household.     4.  A  wife,  considered  with    reference   to 
her  husband.     [<  AS.  hlsefdie,  Eoi    *hl6fordie,  Fem    of 
hlaford,   lord;    see   lord,    r.1— ladles*  man,  a  man  very 
attentive  to  women   or  fond  of  their 
society.  —  la'dy-blrd",   n.      A    small 
black  or  reddish   beetle,   spotted   with 
red,  yellow,  or  black,  la'dy-bug"!. — 
Lady  day,  the  feast  of  the  Annuncia- 
tion.— la'dy=kill"er,  n.     A  man  sup- 
posed to  be  peculiarly  fascinating   to 
women.— 1. 'killing,     ".     Ia'dy-kln§. 
n.   A  little  lady:  a  term  of  endearment . 
— la'dy-IIkc",  a.     1.  Like  or  suitable  to  ■> 
lady;  gentle;  delicate     •;.    Effeminate      I. 
love,  n.      A  woman  who   i.  beloved]  sweet- 
heart.— la'dy-.shlp,  n.    Tin    rankorcondl-      " 
lion  of  a  lady:  used  as  a   title.  With  her    or    l/OUl       la'dy'i 

sllp"por,    n.    one  of  several   species  of   orchid,  named 

from    the    form     of    the   llouer.      lad) 's^Mliock,    n.       Th( 

cuckoo-flower.    Isd)  smock:. 
La'dy-smlth,  l  IC'di-emlCh;  2  HL'dj  smith,  n.    A  town  (pop, 

6,0001.  x.u  .  Natal,  s   \  ft  n -.-, .  besieged  I  i I 

La-er'tes,  ]  le-nr'tv  ■  I.,  .to  .  I.  , .  \fyth  A  king  ol 
Ithaca;   father  of   Ulysses.     2.    In  Bha 

Ophelia's  brother,  who  kills  Hamlet  and  is  killed  bj   him 

La"fay-ette'.  l  la'fe-et';2 lft'ffl  ef.  Marquis de 
\  French  general  and  patriot;  aided  Americans  In  thi 

hit  Ion. 

La  Fere,  1  la  far;  S  la  Mr     \  town  in  I 
edln  act  ion  between  « lei  man  and  I 
lit]  i.  [108 

La  Fori"taine',  i  in  ten' tan';  2  la  fon  tan',  Jean  dc 
lag,  1  lag:  2  laj.    I.  vt.  &  vi     [laoqbd;  lao'oi  I 

;  loitei      '.'■   i  o  pro>  ide  oi  '..•. 

8.  [Slang.)  1 "■ 

1.  Long-delayed:  la  I     2t<  "•  • i "'      IM-        '■ 

i/.- 1,    Rt  tardatio     i 

Physv       i  he  n  tardation  ol   magnt  tiration  in  n 
0|  ;,  forct      -'t.    \  piece  forming  pari  ol  ■ 

I 
ger.  n,    I.  one  »  ho  lug  ol  having 

served  a  term  ..f  penal   •  1 1  Itude. 

la'gan,  ;/.    Sami 
la'gcr,  1  In  , 


languor 


i         i «r;  full,  rOU;  but,  bOrn] 

>     i i  i  r,  wAn,     4  \^ 


La  Hi 

\    \ 


l.i   It 
II. 

I  .ii. I. 


I 

■ 
I 

I 
J «.-.«-|i li  LouU,  <  .nut. 

I 
S0.000 
I  vi .    i      la 'l-i  ft]    . 

i 

..    I  of  | 


i  ■  •  i  wild  ftnimal. 

["      t8.  lager,  <  li'j"".  In) 

'■ 

illy,  merely  a  landlord.   - 

Ulr.l   thlp, 

.  n      |. Tbe  Id-alonc 

•  roiled  Industrial 
itloot,  or  somc- 
l.ils"Ncr".f.ilr. 

!•  i-    -•  I    .  \  |„  r- 

I  ill  li.  reluctant.      >]]  . 

I I  i-i  | .  i.li-  ftg  distinguished 

.    profi  --1..U.     (  < 

I  D1PU8. 

lake  .  .  i.  ind  body  of  water     '.'. 

mm.  ;  <  AS.  Inru,  <  I.,  lavus,  lake.] 

i.ik.     dweil'er,  tant  of  a  lake>dwelllng, 

I.mIhi'IIIiik.  n.     A  hablta- 

l  1 1  >  one 

rland. 

lake  .  made  l.y  combining  Bome 

•  iloring* 
usually  that  of  aluminum 

LAI    '    ) 

I.iMi.  1  ,  n     'li,.-  mm  of  100,000;  100,000  ru- 

1  <  Hind.  '"/.-,  <  Sans 

l  ii  la  Bookb,  .  ruk      Heroine  of  Thomas 

I.  llll.. 

l  i  in  i  .  n.    A  prieel  of  the  branch  of 

La'ma-lsm, 
. 
of  Budd  La  i-  in :.     La'ma- 

i-i. 
la 'ma  . 

i  re*',  Jean  Baptlate  P.  A.  <Ie 

M    .I.-,  i  in  v .«!!•  r  ill-     1744    1829        \   French  naturalist; 

i  i-m  in  k  'i- .in,  La-marek'- 

I-iii.  I   i-iiun  k   i-  mi-I-iii    . 


La"mar"llin 

■  |.     IT  ,1    .|. 

lamb,    . 

lam   . 

I  llll  I.    kill,     -. 

I  mil.  |< 
Ini. 

ski:. 

WlHil. 

I 


tin'    Uphonse  M.  L. 

\  i  rench  poel  and  blstorlan. 
I .  ..  ep;  also,  if 

'  3   lamb  ] 

■ 

.     lamb  llki ■".  Llki   ■  lamb;  gentle; 

I. imii  i-ii  .     l.i iii  1» '~ kin".  /      a  lamb's 

lambs' 

.  I  tire  ul  various 

imii'-  wool*!     A  drink  made  of  ale  with 

i. mi  'a-sool  • . 

unorist, 


Lamb,  <  li  irli  - 

I  mi  'In  in.    .  with  :i 

I. nil  '- 

I  mi    Im  r  i  f  —  I  >  .  Inn  'I,.  1 1 1  - 1 ,  • 

Um'iiiih.  ]  lamtM  etropoUtan  bor- 

■ 
lam 'boys,  !  lam'txilz:  2  lam'boyg.  n   pi.   Arte.  Armor 
worn  Hklrt-. 
■  >HG.  I'ippo.  flap.) 
Um'hre-quiri,    1    lam'bn-kin;  2  larn'bre-klu,   n.     1.   A 


i  bar,  hanging  from  ■  «  m- 
i  J  .  ..\  ering, 
...  Iin.-i     |F  I 
lama,  i  «  i\..|    To  make 

crippl li  M  l.i  rippled  ..r  di  nbli  .1 

ITiciont ,  nailing;  limping, 
\  -i i .  i.. 

i.i-ini  I  l.i.  :  |  i  i .  ;./ 1     \  thin 

I    .  dim    ..t  lamina  I     lam'eMar. 
npomyi  of  thin  layer*  or  scales    lam'eMate 
i  mi  ■  I  i        i  ,ii.  .  iii  ii. .ii. 

I.i-mi-lli-.  i  'i.  mSl'i  .  I  i  ■ 

l.i-iin  I  I"-.  lamella,    a    plate;    combining 

I    i-i.     I    ll-lir.in".  Iil-.i    i  i.  I  lie 

bivalve   mollusks       l.i-nu-l"ll-hr,-\ii'rlil-iite. 
I  1 1  \   blvah  I-  I 

I .i-iin  1  ll-lir.iin  h  ;. 
i  i  lis',  i  in" "i .  Huguei  Fellclte 

■  I.  1854       \  i ii  abbe\  phliosophcr,  and  publicist 

l.i-mcni ',  l  I  .  in.  ni  .  2  l.i  1 1 1  .•  1 1 1 '     I1., -a  ro  feel  or 

■  v|.t  ii ,  mourn;  bewail.    II.  "     1. 1  he  i  i 

ion  ..i  grief;  lamentation     'i.  A  plaintive  song  or 
melodj      [•     i.'  lamentor,  ■    lamentum.  walling.]    s.vm.: 
l.i  in  'in- 1 .,-  iii  i-  ....    To  bo  Is Dtod:  mourn- 
ful       S.\Il:     Bee     mill   I.        I. till    rn-lll-lilv  ,  lalll'Yll- 

i;i'H n      rheaci  ,.f  lamenting  or  bewailing;  awaiting 

l.i-  in  in  (  i-r .  /,       l.i-mcnt  'Iiik-I>  . 

i  am'en-ta'Uons,  B       U  rtcaJl il  the(  il 

nit-iit   (The  Lamentations  of  Jeremiah)   bewailing  the  de- 
struction of  Jerusalem  by  the  Chaldeai 

i.i'mi-.i.  i  i.  mi  a  3  la'ml-a,  n.  Clam.  Myth.  A  female  demon 
or  vampire;  hence,  an  evil,  soduct  Ive  woman;  a  witch 

inn  i-ii.i.  i  lam'i  do:  ■     [-vm.pl.]    a  thin  scale, 

sheet,  or  layer.    |i.  I    lam't-na-blfe*,  a     Capable  of  being 

rolled  or  hammered  Into  thin  sheet       lam'l-nate,    I.  H, 

r.i  divide  Into  lamina     II.  o.    i  lonslstlng  >.f  or  dla- 

n  lamina),    lam'l-nal; ;  lam  'I- nar    ;  lam  'l-na-rj  ; ; 
liml-iKil  "til : .     Inn  "l-n.i  lion,  u. 
Lam 'mas,  l  lam'se;2  lam'as,  n    I.  /.•  C  Ch    \  festival  cele- 
brated on  August  I;  then  Chains.    2.  Quarter' 
da)  In  Scotland,  and  balf*quarter  day  In  England,  failing  on 

•  i     ;       ifl  Mamma    e.loiliUlfma    ■.  ■    ftfd/,  loaf,  t 

\i  IBS'  ] 

i. mi  'mer-gefer,  l  lam'ar-gal'ar;  2  lam'er-gVer,  n.  The  great 
bearded  vulture  of  the  mountains  of  8  Europe  and  Asia  and 
N.Africa.    [-    <;  tdmmcr, lambs,   |  geter, vulture.] 

l.a'iiioii.  F'on"(nn-',  i  io*met'«f0"] • ■'-.  \i  Ift*m6t'»nj*ke', 
Friedrlcb  II.  K.,  Baron  <le  (1777  1843),  A  German  poet 
omance  w  rtter;  i  'ndine. 

lamp,  1  lamp;  2  lamp,  ".    1.  A  vessel  In  which  oil  ia  burnt 

through  a  wick;  hence,  anj  di  vice  employing  a  Same, 

incanqeacenl  wire,  or  the  like.  For  furnishing  an  arti- 

light,  or  .-i  similar  device  for  heating;  particularly, 

•  1  in  which  oil  is  burnt  through  a  wick.    ''-•  \>>\  - 
tiling  thai  gives  oul  light,  actually  or  metaphorically. 

'ir.'.-i    In m im  .  l.inijin,    slum- 1     lani|>'l>lack",    n. 

i  im-  carbon  deposited  from  smoke  or  smoky  Dame. 

lam 'per  •eel",  I  lam'peMT;  :.'  I&m'pei>ei*,  «  1.  A  lamprey. 
lam'iireei:.    8.  An  eel«pout  or  mutton 

lam 'pen,  1  lam'pers;  2  lam'pens,  n.  Inflammation  and  swell- 
ing of  tin-  neshy  ban  In  the  roof  of  the  mouth  of  a  horse. 
[>    P.  lomptu,  throat.]    lam'passt, 

Una'pet,  1  lam'pet;2  lam'pet,  n    [Scol  |  A  limpet. 

lam-poon ',  1  Lam-pfln';  2  l&m-poon'     I.  vf     To  abuse  or 
,-atiri/..-  in  a  lampoon.    II.  n.    A  written  satire  d< 
to  lirin^  a  person  into  ridicule  or  contempt ;  a  i >.-i— i iui n— 
ode.     I''   v.  lompon,   <  tamper,  drink.)    Syn.:  kcm  bidi- 
.  i  i.k     lam-poon 'er,  // 

lam 'prey,  l  lam'pn;  2  Ifim'pry,  n.    An  eeWlke  para  Itlcal 
Hah,  having  in  tbe  adult  a  circular  suctorial  mouth,  with  teeth 
urfaoe,  and  •■■  ell  dei  i  lopi  d  ej ea    |  ■    i.  ■  lambo, 
lick,    i    /I'lrn.  rock .)   lam'pcr: -,  lam'iinl ; ;  lam'prcl ; . 

la'na-ry,  i  le'na-n;  :.'  Ift'na-ry,  n.    A  place  tor  storing  wool. 
i  tana,  wool.] 

la'naic,  i  iCni  Woolly;  specifically,  In  botany, 

provided  or  covered  with  \<n\u,  one,  wool  like  inirH.    [< 
i..  in/nun ,.  ■   iana, wool  I    la'nat-edj. 

Lan'eas-ter,  l  lan'kse-ter; 2  lAg'eai  ti  r,  i».     I.  A  royal  house 
of  England  (Plantagenet  line);  reigned   1399  to  1461;  en- 
gaged with  House  of  York  in  VVarsol  the  Roses,  \\~>:,  i486; 
I--.-  was  the  red  rose.    'J.  \n  ancient  seaport  in  .\.  w. 
England;  nop.  41,000    '■!■  Pennsylvania;  pop. 

47.000.      I.an-cas'lrl-aii,  n.  6c  n. 

lance,  l  Iana;  2  lane.  I.  ;(.  |umi.h';  lanc'ino.]  To 
|.i.  rce  with  a  lance:  cut  or  prick  with  a  lancet.  II.  n. 
l.  A  lon«  shaft  with  a  spear*head,  used  as  a  thrusting* 
weapon;  any  long,  :-lcm|.  r  spear,  or  something  resem- 
bling oik-.  2.  A  lancet..  :{.  A  thru-t  with  a  lance  or  a 
lancet.  4.  One  who  usee  a  lance.  5.  Pyrotechnics.  A 
small  paper  case  of  composil  ion  ior  white  or  colored  fire 
IK.,  <  i.  in, n,n,  iit-iit  spear.]  lanee'»lmlghf t,  n.  a 
lansquenet  or  plkeman.    See  lansquenet.    I.sknechtt. — 


1:  a  =  final;    l=hablt_^    aisle;    au  =  o?/t;    oil;    iu  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    o  =  si/io;    fhin     this        laggard 
449      £:  wfllf,  dp:   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,'   this!       languor 


Lanceolate  Leaf  of  the 
Peach. 


Ian 'oe-o-late,  a.    Shaped  like  the  head  of  a  lance  or  spear; 

tapering,  as  some  leaves.    Ian  'ce-o-lar  t ;  lan  'ce-o-lat"ed  t . 

— Iance"pe-sade't,     n.       A 

trooper  who  has  had  his  lance 

broken  or  has  been  unhorsed, 

serving     temporarily     as     an 

under=offlcer  of  foot:   later,  a 

lanee=corporal.      b  r  o  '  k  e  n  = 

lance"}.  —  lanc'er,  re.    l.One 

who  lances;  a  cavalry  soldier  armed  with  a  lance.     2.  pi. 

The  lanciers.— lance'wood",  n.  A  tough,  elastic  wood  from 

Cuba,  Guiana,  or  Brazil,  used  for  carriage-shafts,  etc. 

lance'let,  1  lnns'let;  2  lanc'let,  ».  Zool.  Any  of  several 
species  of  small,  wormlike,  translucent  animals,  found  buried 
in  the  sand  of  warm  sea=beaches:  they  are  the  lowest  recog- 
nized vertebrates.  [knight  of  Arthur's  Hound  Table. 

liUii'ce-lot  of  the  Lake,  1  lan'si-Jet;  2  lan'ce-lot.     A  famous 

lan'cers,  1  lan'sarz;  2  lan'cerg.  n.  pi.  1.  A  modern  quadrille. 
2.  The  music  for  it.    [!'.        lance,  lance.]    lan'cierst. 

lan'cet,  1  lan'set;  2  Ian' get,  n.  1.  A  surgeons'  two=edged 
cutting  or  blood-letting  instrument  with  one  or  more 
small  blades.  2.  An  acutely  pointed  window  or  arch.  3. 
A  small  lance.    [  <  F.  Inncetle,  dim.  of  lance,  lance.] 

land),  v.  &  n.    Same  as  launch. 

lan'cl-nate,  1  lan'si-net;21an'ci-nat,  rt.  [-nat'ed;  -nat"inc,.1 
To  shoot  through,  as  a  pain;  pierce;  dart. —lan 'ci-nat"ing, 
pa.— lan"ci-na'tion,  re.  1.  Med.  Shooting  or  acute  pain. 
2.  A  tearing  away;  laceration. 

Lan'eut,  1  Iun'tsut;  2  lan'tcut,  n.  A  town  in  N.  Galicia, 
Austria;  taken  by  Russians,  1914. 

land,  1  land;  2  land.  Id.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  bring  or  come 
from  water  to  the  land;  debark.  2.  To  go  or  come 
ashore,  as  from  a  vessel.  3.  To  touch  and  delay  at  a 
stopping=place,  as  a  steamer;  also,  to  descend,  as  from 
a  vehicle;  arrive.  Syn.:  see  arrive;  reach. 
II.  n.  1.  The  solid  substance  composing  the  material 
part  of  the  earth;  the  exposed  surface  of  the  earth  as 
opposed  to  the  oceans  and  seas.  2.  A  country  or  dis- 
trict suitable  for  human  habitation.  3.  Ground  or  soil; 
real  estate.  4.  A  continent  or  mainland.  5.  Any  unin- 
dented  space  in  a  surface  marked  with  indentations, 
as  between  the  furrows  of  a  millstone.  [  <  A.  S.  land.] 
Syn.:  continent,  country,  district,  earth,  ground,  real  es- 
tate, region,  shore,  soil.  —  Ant.:  deep,  flood,  ocean,  sea,  surge, 
water,  wave. 

— no  man's  Iand,lntheGreatWar(1914-  )  the  land  be- 
tween the  first  line  trenches  of  opposing  armies. — lanU'ed,  a. 
Having  an  estate  In  land;  consisting  inland.—  land  Vr, //.  I  toe 
who  lands  or  makes  a  landing. — land'fall",  n.  1.  Property  In 
land  immediately  transferred  by  the  death  of  its  owner.  2. 
A  landslide.  3.  Naut.  A  sighting  of  or  coming  to  land.  —  l.unl  '- 
liold"er,  n.  A  landowner. — land'ing,  n.  1.  Theact  or 
place  of  going  or  putting  ashore.  2.  A  place  where  some- 
thing is  landed,  as  a  wharf.  3.  A  platform  dividing  a  llighl 
of  stairs. — land'Ia"dy,  re.  [-dies2,  pi.]  A  woman  who  keeps 
an  inn  or  boarding-house,  or  lets  her  property;  also,  the 
wife  of  a  landlord. — land 'locked",  a.  1.  Surrounded  and 
protected  by  land.  2.  Confined  to  landlocked  water,  land'- 
lop"er||,  n.  A  tramp;  a  vagabond.  laiid'loup"erJ. — 
land  'lord",  n.  1.  A  man  who  keeps  an  Inn  or  hotel.  2. 
A  man  who  owns  and  lets  real  estate.     3.  Bng.  The  lord  of 

a  manor. — land'lub"ber,  n.  An  awkward  orlnexperlei I 

person  on  board  a  ship;  a  raw  sailor,  land 'man,  n.  A 
man  who  lives  or  serves  on  land,  land 'mark",  n.  1.  A 
fixed  object  serving  as  a  boundary-mark  to  a  tract  of  land, 
or  as  a  guide  to  seamen,  etc.  2.  a  prominent  or  memorable 
object  in  the  landscape.  3.  A  distinguishing  fad  ,  event,  etc. 
Syn.:    see   BOUNDARY.— land '«Of"flce,    n.     A    government, 

office  for  the  transaction  of  business  pertaining  to  the  public 
lands.  —  land'own"er,  n.  one  who  owns  real  estate 
l.--rakcrt,  n.  A  vagabond.— land 'slide", »,  Thesllpplng 
of  a  mass  of  land  from  a  higher  to  a  lower  level;  the  land 
that  has  slipped  down,  land'sllp";.  Iniul -, 'ni.iii,  rt. 
one  who  liven  on  t  be  land:  opposed  to  ■""  tin.  land 'ward, 
adv.  Toward  the  land,  land'wardsL 
Ian 'dun,   1   lan'de;  2   lan'da,    n.     A    two    eated,   four* 

Wheeled  earn  age  with  a  I  hill  I  lie  tOP  I  hat.  can   I  II I  ri-lin  ,\  I  ■.  1 

or  folded  back.  |<  Landau  (German  town).]— lan"- 
dau-let',  re.    1.  A  motor-car  with  landau-llke  body  and  two 

seats.      2.  A  Small  or  onessealed  lariduii. 
lande,  1  land;  2  land,  n.    A  level  sand]  region  unflt  for  t-nl 1 1- 
vatlon  and  covered  with  iie.iih  or  broom,  1 <  along  the  sea- 
coast  in  southwestern  France.    If'.,  <  Celtic;  i'ii.  Ir.  land, 

bush. | 

land 'grave",  1  land'greV;  2  land'grav",  n.  A  title  oi 
superior  distinction  borne  by  certain  German  counts  or 
grafs.  [<  G.  landgraf,  <  umd,  land,  I  grot,  count.] 
lanil'grair't.  -  land'gra-vlne,  u.    The  wife  of  a  land 

Lan'dor,  1  lan'dnr;  2  liin'dor.  Waller  Sawigc   i  I  ,  ,'..    I  104). 

An  English  poet,  dramatist,  and  e  Baylst. 
land 'scape,  1  Land'skep;  2  l&nd'scap,  n.     A  stn  boh  ol 

country  as  seen  from  a  single  point;  al  o,aj ire  rep- 
resenting natural  scenery.    S.vn.:  sec  Si 


Land'seer,  1  hind'sir;  2  l&nd'ser,  Sir  Edwin  Henry  (1802 
1873).    An  English  animal-painter. 

Land's  End.  A  cape  in  Cornwall;  the  most  westerly  point  of 
England.  -.,  r.    [G.] 

lands'kncclit,  1  ldns'kneiit;  2  liins'kneiit.  n.    Same  as  I  i\- 

land'sturm",  l  lant'shturm*;  2  lant'shturm*,  n.  1.  A  general 
levy  in  time  of  war,  as  made  in  German]  ,  etc  '.'.  I'lie  final 
reserve  forces  called  out  In  cases  of  great  emergency.      [G  1 

Land 'tag,  1  tant'tiiH;  2  lant'taH,  n.    The  legislative  assembly 

of  one  of  the  states  constituting  the  German  t 

Prussia.    [G.] 

land'uehr",  1  idnt'var";  2  lant'ver*,  n.     \n  emergency  mili- 
tary force  of  Germany  and  of  other  countries  that  follow 
German  models.     [Ci.,    <   land,  land,    -f    wear,  guard.    ■ 
wehren,  protect] 

lane,  1  Ion;  2  Ian,  n.  A  narrow  way,  path,  or  street 
[<  AS.  lane.]     Syn.:  see  boas;  w  w. 

Lan'frane,  1  lan'frank;  2  lan'rr&ne,  n.  dun;,  1089.)  A  Ben- 
edictine prior;  Archbishop  of  Canterbury;  confidant  ol  Wil- 
liam the  Conqueror. 

lang,  1  lan;  2  lang.  r..  a..  &  nilr.     [Sent  ]     Same  as  [mm, 

Lang,  llarj;  2  lang,  Andrew  (1844   1912).    An  English  critic, 

essayist,  historian,  poet,  and  translator. 

lang.,  abbr.    Language. 

lang'=kale",  1  larj'-k51';  2  lang'-kftl',  rt.  [Scot]  Colewort. 

Lang'land,  1  lan'lend;  2  l&ng'land,  William  (1330?  t  100?). 
Middle  English  peel;  disciple  ol  Wycllf;  reputed  author  .if 
Piers  Plowman.     Lang'lcyt.  [lan 'grhlget . 

lan'graget,  n.    An  old  form  of  canister-shot,    lan'grelt; 

Iang"syne',  1  lan'saln';  2  lang*spn'.  adv.  [Scot.]  Long  since; 
long  ago:  used  also  as  a  noun.    See  m  in. 

Lang'ton,  1  lao'tan;  2  lang'ton,  Stephen  (1150?  1228).  An 
English  patriot;  Archbishop  uf  Canterbury;  aided  In  secur- 
ing Magna  (  'arta  fruiii  King  John. 

lan'guage,  1  larj'gwij;  2  lan'gwag,  ».    1.  The  expression 

of  ideas  by  words;  human  speech;  expression.  2.  Tie- 
words  forming  the  means  of  communication  ai 
members  of  a  single  nation;  tongue.  3.  Any  other 
method  of  expressing  thought,  as  the  Inarticulate  utterances 
of  the  lower  animals.  4.  The  vocabulary  or  teobntcal  ex- 
pressions used  in  a  Specific  business,  science,  etO.  •">. 
characteristic  manner  Of  expression  or  use  of  speech.  |  I  , 
lanaage,  <  L.  lingua,  tongue.) 

Syn.:  barbarism,  dialect,  diction,  expression,  gibberish, 
idiom,  jargon,  lingo,  mother  tongue,  patois,  speech,  t 
vernacular.      Languagt    signified    orlgmall)    ■ 

thought  by  spoken  winds;  now  in  lis  widest  sense  it  Blgnluea 

expression  of  thought  bj  any  means;  as,  the  languagt  of  the 
eyes,  the  language  of  Bowers.    S  the  power  ol 

articulate  utterance;  we  can  speak  uf  iiie  languagt  nf  ani- 
mals, but  nut  of  their  speech.    A  tongui  is  the  ■ ,- . ..  'i  or  lan- 
guage Of  some  one  people,  country,  or  race.     A  din!, 
special  mode  of  speaking  a  languagt  peculiar  to  some  lc 
or  class,  m it  recognized  as  iii  accordance  with  the  best 
a  barbarism  Is  a  perversion  of  a  far;  ooranl  foreign- 

ers, or  smile  usage  akin  to  that.    Idiom  refers  to  tin-  con- 
struction of  phrases  and  sentences,  ami  the  way  of  forming 
or  using  words;  it  is  t  lie  peculiar  mold  In  w  hlch  cai  b 
casts  its  thought.    The  meat  difficulty  of  trail 
give  the  thought  expressed  li ;   the  idiom  of 

another.     A  ilia  It  el  may  lie  used  b]   I  lie  highest  as  well  as  t  lie 

lowest  witinn  11  ■■  rang*  ,  a  potots  Is  distinctly  Illiterate,  be 
lunging  to  the  lower  classes;  those  who  speak  a 
stand  the  cultured  form  nf  their  own  language,  but  speak 
only  the  degraded  form,  as  in  thei  a  c  ol  the  [tall  ■• 
or  the  former  negro  slaves  In  tho  1  ultcd  States     t 
from  the  Latin,  has  t  He     imi  aa  the  Saxon 

mother  tongue,  ol  one's  native  language,  or  that  nf  a  people; 
as,  the  Scriptures  were  translated  Into  the  vernacular.    See 
diction,    lan'guaged,  a,     I.  Having  <>r  si" 
guage:  chleflj  In  composition.     'J-  Learned  In  tongue 
langue,  1  lfing;2  lang,  ;/.     \  bod)  ol  nan  sneaking  the  same 
tongue  or  Ian  u  >ge      1 1   I    langue  d'oc,   I 
eat  led  from  i  tie  use  i  if  the  wind  oc.  Instead  of  omI,    t        I. 
d'oui  in  I.  d'oil.  iiie  dialect  "(  i  ■  u  north  "f  the 

Loire  during  the  ml  Idle  ages:  bo  oallod  from  tho  use  ni  u,, 
wind  inn  or  "ii  fot  [provlnoe  In  8.  Frn 

L:iii"gue-doc',   1    lan*gB-d0l  ■      A   former 

lan'guct,  I  lan  I   n     V  llttli  um  -a  orsomothlng 

nbilng  a  ton  tue     [  <  K,  ' 

[On     II'     i       l.lll"gllel  Ir' 

lan'gUld,   I   I  W  anting  in  •  i 

feeble  I   •■■.  cak;  iistli  [<  L.  tan 

faint   |    Syn         KM 

lnn'guld-ly,  mi<     lan'guld-nesi,  n. 
lan'gulsh',  LI  I.  To  I      omo 

weal.  '■!  '   'I    Ol 

tondi  i  i  i n     |       I  ppr  ol  lane 

I,    /./  I       lilll'Klllsll-lllK.  |  -l>  .  I  in 

gillsli-incnl,  rt, 

lan'guor,  i  i  1. 1  lool  bodj  oi 

Pathol    An  at. .me  dobilit  lion     3.   \ 


.ml. ml 
ilciil 


,        r  i  toe;  a  nil,  rftla;  bat,  bOrn; 

,  wh|i,  |  •     i     .  I >■  e;  I » I;  go,  not.  6r,  arte,       450 


i.ni  guor-ous,       -i> . 


i 
1 1 

i  crlUe 
>»ldn    ■ 

I  1-11U    .  r-..i|.  : 

I 

.  1  ink  1 

imi.  i> .  lank  'new,  . 

link    l-in 

^ir   Edwin   K.1) 
an  »-lln. 

mol,     • 

ll 

\  Francois  d 

x    II.     . 

jii   -Int.  .        \    .  Itj    in   >     Michigan: 

I.    \  match- 

I 
, 

i  '  mainly 

-lean    Shrubs   of    the    verbena    family    bearing 

\  ,  tenus. 

.in  tern,    |  ..  n      I.    \   transparent 

I  portable  ch  iracter,  for 
:.  \  tower  "r  the  1  ik<-. 
n  and  admitting  light 
.i  .us  mechanisms  likened 
•   lamptir,  <  I 
l.uii  iiurii*.     dark  lantern,  ■  lantern  bavins  a 
.  .  l>c  covered  by 
l.iu   I.  rn   ).n  k    .  IBS  FATUU8. 

I     Ji»  -.  •.  '  I. 

i    |a wed i        i.  »  h.  1 1.  forming 

. 
■  ;..;ii.,ii»t(ith-  made  lantern,  a 
.  plcturea  u;  by  meana  of  a 

Un  iln-niim.   1    ..  •-:.      ..   _'   lan'tha-num.   n.     A   rare 

dark  .ulm.     [<   Gr.  lanlhano. 

lan-tha  m-um:. 
li-nu  »i-nou^.  1  i^niQ'ji-nus;  2  la-nQ'gl-nus,  a.  Bot.  Woolly 

1.1    -nose";, 
i.i n  > u  I.  !•  A 

.  d  hemp  r<>!*-     '!.  Mil    A 
.  ui  firing  old'stylu  cannons.     [  <  F.  1 

l     -  -  2   Ia-6c'o-6n.   n.     A   priest  who 

■ 
with  iiis  two  son.-.,  destroyed  bj 
roup  in  the  Vatican 
i  .iTa;  2  lA-Od'a-na'a.  n.    Ut.  .\futh. 

..-St  Greek  killed  at 

.  idlng  the  gods  ">  grant  hi  a 

\\  ordsworth. 

i  ..        -  .1.  .Mr.  one  ol 

illy  that  in  Phrygla 

one  •-■'.  '    3ee  1. 1- 

i  i  - . .  i  i — •      ii.  t  or  pertaining 

(tarm,  as  In  religion    Rev.  Ill,  14  .'_'. 
!  !..  rn'i-den;  2  la-om'e-don,  n.    l.Gr.Mviit. 

Z.  i  >ne  ol 
(by  Germans,  1914 
1. 1 ". . 1 1  .  d  in  N.  France:  a 

Iter  518  B.  I 
under  of  Tan 

l.\l''l'IS..    ]       I.    I. 

wrap  around; 
II.  partly  over  or  along  the 

I.  •      I. To  take  into 
.    .;.     2.  1  ..  wanh  up,  or 
II.        1.  To  take  up  any  Liquid 
i  licking  or  lap 
-   .np\an.  lap.) 
I  i|i  .  I .    . 

.'1.  In  foot* 
raci:  I  the  track      4.    '/ 

...  wood,  or  leather,  usually  in  the  form 
.nil  polishing 

lip'iwli'-'l 

lap  .         1 .  part  of  tin-  tl..  .  when 

Lothing  that 
this  part.     '.'•  I  w  supports  mg;  as, 


lap 


lap 


\    .in all 

■  lie  lap 
In  Id  in  the  lap,  on  which 


\  lap   lint", 

lap  mi. 
lap  tlone, 

li  it  her. 
I  ap  .  i  inland 

I  \\>     i-i -im  .  Dt'0  nil.  S  I :i I • 

mi  .if  opening  the  abdomen  bj   Incision  In  the 
I,  cutting.  I 
l_»  Y*t,  1    i  i    v  departmem  of  Bolivia; 

I,   i     •    pii    i   pop    10 
la-pel  ',11  i       part  ol  the  fronl  ol  a 

I..1  I. ark 

lap  Id-,  I  l  atin  lapu  (lapid-), 

unblnlna  form      lap"l-dea'eence,  n      \  turning 

Into  stone     lap'T-des'cent,  ..   thai  has  the 

power  ol  converting  Into  si r  petrifying  another  sun 

lip  i-iiirir.        i  or  converting  Into  stone 

lap  i-.iit  i-.ai  .     ia-pM'i-i>   .       i         ,     petrlfj     II.  i 

i"  me  sto :  like  itonc       ■    l     facto,  make.]    la- 

pid"i-n-r a 'iinii.  n      lapt-dlst,  n     One  who  has  a  knowl- 
l.ip'l-da-rl-l :. 
lap  i-da-r>.  1   lap'i  -.1.-  n.  2  lap'i-.la-r\        l.u       1.  Pertain 

1  1  an  ..I  working  in  pn  cioue  atom 
[nseribed  upon  . «r  out  in  stone     II.  n     [-rii  b*  i>i  \    I. 
aIio  11  it ~,  engraves,  and  Beta  precious  itom  ■     8,  \ 
lapidial     8,  \  tombstone*cutter,    i<  L.lapida 
lapH4-)t,  stone.] 

i.i  'i"i-.  I  18  pi  i:  21 I'pls,  n.   [lap'i-dkb,  l  lapM-dts;  S  lap'i  Mt 

pi,]    1.  a  method  of  calIco«prlntlng  with  indigo,    'i-  t  atone: 

i        la  'pit  la/  'ii-li  i  kffi  i  raf.),  a 

rich  blur  complex  mixture  of  minerals,  originally  used  to 

produce  ultramarine  and  by  the  anclenta  fur  decoration 

Lapl-thas,  1  lap'i-fhl;  2  lap'1-the,  rt.  Or.  Myth.  A  wild  i  hi 
Ballaa  people;  fougbi  with  the  <  lentaurs. 

La'plaee',  l  la'plas'  2  l&'pl&c',  Pierre  Simon,  Marquis  <ie 
(1749  1827).  French  astronomer;  author  of  the  nebular 
hypothesis  La-pla'cl-an,  a. 

I    ip  I  Hid,  1  lap'i, Hid;  2  lap'land.  n.     A  nrlnii  ( 150,000  sq.  m.) 

in  N.  Norway,  N.  Bweden,  and  x.  \v.  Russia,  valuable  Iron 
ores     Lapland-er,  «.  [Una;  pup.  100,600. 

l.a  I'la'la.  1  Id  plu'ln;  2  la  pla'la.     A  seaport  ell  \  In  E.  Aigen- 

l.app.  i  l  lap;  2  lap,  ».    1.  \  native  of  Lapland     ■».  The 
Lap,    f  language  t»  the  Lappa.    [8w.j    I>ap'land-erJ.— 

l,.ip'pi-h. 
lap 'pet,  1  lap'et  ;  2  l&p'et,  n.     1.  A  .small  lap  or  Hap  used 
lor  ornamenting  a  garment,  etc.    2.  A  Beahy  process 
pendent  from  the  head  ol  a  liird;  a  wattle. 
lapse, )  1  laps; 2 laps     I«w     [lapsed1, lapst*: lapa'ini   | 
laps1',  it.    !  -lowly  or  by  degrees;  glide;  .slip,    ■.». 

me  the  property  of  another,  as  bj  neg- 
ligence. (2)  To  become  void.  3.  To  deviate  from  recti- 
tude. II.  n.  1.  An  insensible  slipping,  gliding,  or 
passing  away;  also,  an  interval  ol  tune.  2.  A  slight 
deviation  from  what  is  right  or  just,  3.  Failure  oi 
miscarriage, as  through  negligence  [<  lapsus,  <  labor. 
Blip.]  S.vn.:  (verb)  see  iu:  laps'a-hl(e*»  a. 
lap 'streak",  1  Lap'strfk*;  2  l&p'strSk*,  o.    Naut.    Built 

with  planks  overlapping  and  riveted  together;  clinker" 
built,  as  a  boat,     lap's*! r;ikt'"t. 
I;i|)'\\  lug",  1  lap'uiij";  2  lap'wlng*,  n.     1.  A  ploverdike 
liird,   having   the    plumage   of 
the    upper    parts    lustri 
metallic  and  the  he:l,l  crested. 

'..  Bib    I  be  hoopoe.     [<  AS. 

hi  i  a  i>n  n  .     I  B8  P,    +    * 
WINK.] 
Lar,    1   lar:    2  lar,  n.    [La'ki-s.  i 
l.'rlz.    2  l.Vrcs,  or  I. Alts'.,  pi.]     1. 
Bom.AMlQ.  i  me  of  the  Etruscan 

Kods  of  the  house  and  lie- 
hearth,    and    also    of     the 

adopted  in  the  Soman  cull  'J. 
Figuratively,  something  highly 
prised   or    ft ,i,i 1 1 .    cherished    In 

the   family,     [i...    <    Etruscan 

l.'irlli.) 
lar 'board",  1  lar'U.rd";   2  l&r'- 
bord".       I.   a.       Being    on    or 
toward   the   left  side  of  a  ship 

as  one  faces  the  bow.    II.  n 
The  left-hand  nde  ol  a  ship: 
now  .li  used     Bee    post.       [<   AS.    Idmlan,   lade,    ■+■ 
board.] 

lar'ee-nF.  1  lor'n-m;  2  laVce-ny,  /<  [-.vies2,  pi.]  Crim. 
I  Tin-  unlawful  abstraction,  without  claim  of  right, 

of  the  personal  goods  ol  another  with  intent  to  defraud 
the  owner;  theft.  (  <  I.  '  lalTocinium,  freebooting.]  — 
lar'ce-ii.  r.  thief,    lar'ce-nlst ;.     lar'ce-nous,  a. 

larch,  1  larch;  2  larch,  n.    A  cone*bearing,  deciduous  tree 

of  the  pine  family.     [  <  Gr.'J/  lir is,  larch.] 


Lapwing.    '/» 


lard,  :  lord;  2  bird. 


vt.    To  «tuff  or  .smear  with  lard; 


J:3=,rfin?I;   ^S,haytj.    ats'e:    mi  =  out;    ell;    1Q  =  feud;    Chin;    go;    rj  =  sin,?;    fhin,   this.        laniard 
451        2:  wolf,  do;  book,  boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  latent 


garnish;  interlard.  II.  n.  The  semisolid  oil  of  hogs' fat 
after  rendering.  [<  L.p  lardum,  lard.] — lar-da'ce-in, 
n.  A  fatty  proteid  compound  produced  in  waxy  or  albu- 
minoid degeneration,      lar-do'ce-inf. —  Iar-da'ceous,  a. 

1.  Of  the  nature  of  lard.  2.  Pathol.  Pertaining  to  or  Indica- 
tive of  lardacein;  fatty  or  waxy.  —  lar'der,  re.  A  pantry; 
the  provisions  of  a  household. — lard'»oil",  n.  A  heavy  oil 
expressed  from  lard. — lard  'y,  a.  Of  the  natureof  or  contain- 
ing lard. 

La 'res,  1  le'rlz;  2  la'reg,  n.  pi.    [Lar,  1  lar;  2  lar,  sing.}    Plural 

of  Lar.    Compare  Penate3. 
large,  1  larj ;  2  larg,  a.    [larg'er;  larg'est.]    1.  Great  as 

regards  size,  quantity,  extent,  capacity,  etc.;  big;  broad. 

2.  Having  unusual  breadth  of  sympathy  or  comprehen- 
sion. 3.  Naut.  Fair:  said  of  a  wind  when  it  is  abeam. 
[F.,  <  L.  largus,  abundant.) 

Syn.:  abundant,  ample,  big,  broad,  bulky,  capacious, 
coarse,  colossal,  commodious,  considerable,  enormous,  ex- 
tensive, gigantic,  grand,  great,  huge,  immense,  long,  massive, 
spacious,  vast,  wide.  Large  denotes  extension  in  more  than 
one  direction,  and  beyond  the  average  of  the  class  to  which 
the  object  belongs;  we  speak  of  a  large  surface  or  a  large 
solid,  but  of  a  long  line;  a  large  field,  a  large  room,  a  large 
apple,  etc.  A  large  man  is  a  man  of  more  than  ordinary 
size;  a  great  man  is  a  man  of  remarkable  mental  power.  Big 
Is  a  more  emphatic  word  than  large,  but  ordinarily  less 
elegant.  We  do  not  say  that  George  Washington  was  a 
big  man. — Ant.:  diminutive,  inconsiderable,  infinitesimal, 
insignificant,  limited,  little,  mean,  microscopic,  minute,  nar- 
row, paltry,  petty,  scanty,  short,  slender,  slight,  small,  tiny, 
trifling,  trivial. 

— at  large.  1.  In  full.  2.  Free  in  movement;  at  liberty. 
:t.  In  general;  for  all. — largely,  adv. — large 'ness,  n. 

large,  adv.  1.  Naut.  Before  the  wind,  or  with  the  wind  on 
the  quarter.    2.  [Colloq.]  Boastfully. 

lar'gess,  1  lar'jes;  2  lar'ggs,  n.  1.  A  gift;  gratuity.  2||. 
Liberality;  bounty.    [  <  F.  largesse.]    lar'gessej.    Syn.:  see 

GIFT. 

lar-ghet'to,  1  lar-get'to;  2  lar-get'to.  Mus.  I.  a.  Slow;  in  a 
time  not  quite  so  slow  as  largo:  a  direction  to  the  performer. 
II.  n.    A  movement  requiring  moderately  slow  time,     fit] 

lar-ghls 'si-mo,  1  lar-gis'si-mo;  2  liir-gis'si-mo,  a.  Mus.  Very 
slow.    [It.] 

lar'go,  1  lar'go;2  liir'go.  Mus.  I.  a.  Slow.  II.  re.  A  movement 
requiring  slow  time.    [It.,  =  large.) 

lar'i-at,  1  lar'i-at;  2  lar'i-at,  n.  1.  A  rope,  especially  of  horse- 
hair, for  tethering  animals.  2.  A  lasso.  [<  Sp.  la,  the; 
reata,  <  reatar,  tie.) 

lark,  1  lark:  2  lark,  vi.    [Colloq.)    To  frolic. 

lark1,  n.  A  small  singing  bird,  as  the  European  skylark, 
the  lark  of  the  poets.  2.  One  of  various  other  birds,  as 
a  titlark.     [<  AS.  laferce,  lark.)  [see  FROLIC. 

lark-,  re.     A  hilarious  time:  frolic.     [<  AS.  lac,  play]     Syn.: 

Iark'spur,  1  ldrk'spar;  2  lark/spur,  re.  A  showy  herb,  with 
clusters  of  usually  blue  flowers. 

La  Roche"fou"cauld\  1  la  rosh'fu'ko';  2  lii  roch"fu"<o', 
Francois,  Due  de  (1613- 1680).  Prince  de  Marslllac,  a 
French  writer,  moralist,  and  politician;  Maxims. 

lar'ri-gan,  1  lar'i-gan;  2  lar'i-gan,  n.  [Can.]  A  moccasin  made 
of  prepared  oiled  leather:  used  chiefly  by  lumbermen. 

lar'ri-kln,  1  lar'i-kin;  2  lar'i-kin.  [Austral.]  I.  a.  [Colloq.] 
Boisterously  rude;  rowdyish.  II.  n.  A  rough,  disorderly 
fellow;  rowdy. 

lar'rup',  1  lar'up;  2  lar'up,  vl.  [Colloq.]  To  beat;  thrash. 

lar  'nm,  1  lar' um;  2  lar'um,  re.  [Obs.  or  Poet.)  An  alarm. 

lar'va,  1  lcir'va;  2  liir'va,  n.  [uh'v*  or  lak'vas'',  pl.|  1. 
A  caterpillar  or  grub;  the  first  stage  of  an  insect  after 
leaving  the  egg.  2.  Rom.  Myth.  A  spirit.  [L.,  ghost.]  — 
lar'val,  a. — lar'vate,  lar'vat-ed,  a.  <  'loihed  or  nmn aied 
as  If  with  a  mask:  said  of  certain  diseases. 

lar'yilg-,      1  1   lar'ir)-,  la-rirj'go-;  2  lar'yng-,    la-ryn'go-. 

la-ryn'go-,  j  Combining  forms.  [<  Gr.  larynx  (laryng-), 
larynx.]— la-ryn 'go-scope,  n.  An  Instrument  for  In  peel 
lng  the  larynx  [+ -SCOPE.]  iar"yii-gos'co-p) ,  n.  Surgi- 
cal Inspection  of  the  windpipe  lar">  n-got 'o-my,  v.  The 
operation  of  cutting  Into  tiie  windpipe  to  remove  obstruction 
or  prevent  suffocation.    H   Gr.  tomS,  cutting.] 

lar'ynx,  1  lar'irjks;  2  lar'ynks,  n.  [la-byn'oeb,  pi.]  The 
organ  of  voice,  situated  at  the  upper  part  ol  the  wind- 
pipe, consisting  of  a  cartilaginou  bos  aero  which  are 
stretched  the  vocal  cords,  which,  by  vibration,  produce 
sound.  [<  Gr.  larynx,  gullet.]  -la-ryn'ge-al,  a.  Per- 
taining to  the  larynx,  la-ryn'gc-an  t .  I.'ir"yii-gl'tls,  r». 
Inflammation  of  the  larynx— lar"yii-gl<  'lc,  a 

La  Salle,  1  in  sol;  2  la  sal,  Sleur  de  (1648  1687),  Robert 
Caveiier;  explored  the  Mississippi. 

las-car',  1  las-kar';  2  las-ear',  n.  An  Baal  Indian  native, 
serving  as  a  sailor,  especially  on  an  Engli  i  t,,,  ,,  an  artil- 
leryman, etc.,  of  low  grade.    [Anglo-Ind  ] 

Las  Ca'sas,  1  Ins  kfi'sas;  2  liis  cii'siis,  B.'irtnlonic  de  (1474- 
1566).    A  Spanish  missionary  to  the  I  nd  \poslle 

of  the  Indies." 


las-cly'i-ous,  1  uwnVi-us;  2  la-clv'i-fis,  a.  Tending  to 
produce  wanton  desires;  lustful.  [Corr.  <  L.  lascirus 
wanton.]    Syn.:  see  brutish. 

,       —  Ias-clv'i-ous-ly,  adv.— las-clv'l-ous-ness,  n. 

lash',  1  lasli;  2  lash,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  strike  with  a  lash; 
whip;  ply  the  whip;  figuratively,  to  censure  01  satirize 
severely.  2.  To  bind  or  tie  with  a  rope  or  cord,  as  to  a 
mast,  etc. 

lash,  re.    1.  A  thong  on  a  whip-handle;  a  whip.    2.  A  stroke 
with  or  as  with  a  whip,    3.  A  sharp  stroki 
4.  An  eyelash.    5.  A  dashing  against,  as  of  waves.    (Per- 
haps <  L.  laxus,  loose.]     Syn.:  see  ni.ow. 

lash'eri,  1  laSh'er;  2  lash'er,  re.  One  who  or  that  which  lashes 
in  any  sense.  | itself.' 

lash'er^,  re.     Slack  water,  as  above  a  weir:  hence,  the  weir 

lash'intr,  l  lash'in;2  lash'ing,  n.    1.  A  fastening  made  by 
passing  a  rope,  cord,  or  the  like,  around  two  01 
objects;  also,  the  rope  used  to  do  tins.    '.'.  A  whil 

las'ket,  1  las'ket:  2  las'ket,  n.  Naut.  A  loop  of  line  at  the  foot 
of  a  sail,  to  which  to  fasten  an  extra  sail.    [Cp.  larh,  n.] 

Las  Pal'mas,  1  las  pal'mas;  :.'  las  pal'mas  \  seaport  town, 
the  former  capital  of  the  Canary  Islands,  pop 

lass,  1  las;  2  las,  h.  1.  A  young  woman;  gir]  2.  ^sweet- 
heart.   [Fern,  of  lad.] 

Las'sa,  1  lcis'a;  2  liis'ii,  re.  The  Buddhist  sacred  city  (pop. 
25,000) ;  capital  of  Tibet.    Lha'sa;. 

las'sie,  1  las'i;21as'i.  re.  [Scot.]  A  little  lass,  las'soekf. 

Ias'si-tude,  1  las'i-tiud;  2  lia'i-tud,  r».  A  Mate  01  disin- 
clination to  exertion;  languor;  debility.  |F.,  <  L.  las- 
sttudo,  <  lassus,  faint.) 

las'so,  llas'o;21as'o.  I.rt.  To  capture  with  a  lasso.  II. 
n.  A  long  line,  as  of  hide,  with  a  running  noose,  tor 
catching  horses  and  cattle.  [  <  Pg.  lacu,  <L.laqueus, 
snare.] — las'so-er,  re. 

lastd,  1  Inst;  2  last,  vi.  1.  To  remain  in  existence;  endure. 
2.  To  remain  unconsumed;  hold  out.  3.  To  retain  ex- 
cellence, value,  force,  etc.  [<  AS.  Isestan,  ■  list,  foot- 
print.] Syn.:  see  persist,  last'er1,  r».  one  who  or  thai 
which  endures  or  lasts.— last 'lng.  I.  pa.  That  continues 
durable;  permanent.  Syn.:  see  permanent;  pebpeti  m 
II. re.  A  fabric  used  for  the  uppers  of  women's  shoes,  etc 
-ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

last,  a.  1.  Being  at  the  end;  latest;  hindmost;  final  '-• 
Next  before  the  present.  ;{.  Least  likely;  most  remote 
from.  4.  Beyond  or  above  all  others;  utmost.  5.  Be- 
neath all  others.    [Contr.  of  latest  ] 

Syn.:  latest.     Latest  refers  only  to  the  order  of  time;  tn'-t 
has  more  extended  use,  as  In  defs.  3,  I,  and  5. 

last1,  ii.  A  wooden  form  on  which  to  make  a  bool  or  shoe. 
[<  AS.  lOst,  footprint.) 

last2,  re.  The  end;  conclusion. — at  last,  at  the  end; 
finally.     Syn.:  see  at  LENGTH,  under  LENGTH,  ».     at  or  in 

the  last,  at  or  to  the  end,  especially  of  me, 
last3,  n.    [Local  or  Rare.]    1.  A  weight  or  measure  varying  for 

different  articles.    2.  One  or  two  tons:  u 

mating  ship  capacity.    I-    AS.hltesl,-    Madan,  heap  up.] 
last,  adv.    After  all  others  in  time  or  ordei .  Snail]      I  • 

AS.  Iseslan,  •    last,  footprint.]    last'ljj. 
Lat.,  abbr.    Latin,    lat.    i  atltude 
La"ta-kl'a,  l  in  "tn-ki'n;  2  la'ta  kl'tt,  n      \  Syrian  seaport 

(pop.  22,000) ;  famous  tobacco  center. 
latch1,  |  1  Inch;  2  l&ch,    I'.  vt     To  Fasten  with  ot  as  with 
lach1*,  (a  latch.    II.  n     A.  catch  for  fastening  a  door,  lid, 

shutter,   etc.,   commonly         tJ  '. ', 


not  requiring  a  key.  2. 
Naut.  A  laskel  I  \  -; 
I. >,  Kin,    seize]      S.vn.:    sec 

LOCK. 

lalcli-i,     vt,       1.     Same     as 

leach.  2.  [Prov.  Bug  1 
1 1,  drip  or  pour,  as  water, 

St.    To    anoint.       [■      AS 

leo       wet  l 
latch 'et,     1     lach'et;     2 


1    D  <  ■-'  itol 

lach'et,    n        \    lace    oi 

idal     [<(  IF.  lacet,  dim  o( 
late,  I  let:  2  !■  "     [lat'i  b  oi  lat'tei 

1    I.  < ' mi'  ait'  r  t  he  appoint*  d  i  in 

Far  a. I-.  anoi  d  toward  the  end  or  cl 
comparative)}  recent      I  ■  D 
deces  ed     II.  adt      UU 

lone  D 

latelj .  i  He  rnessi  ■■     lal  1 1 

\  i  a    ubsi  qui  at  t aon  ifu  < 

lat 'cl  I..  ■ 

la- teen',  i  i a    Naut    i  >■ 

Blsttng  of  a 

See  UlUS.  on  next    par.        [        I      ■'    ■    ...   fem     Ol    UU  • 

Lallnut,  Latin,  I  i      <  ■ '  - ' '  •  " 

la'teiit,  l  I.  'tent,  g  Ifl'tent,  ■>     N"t  m  Iblo  oi  api 


!",'r'1  '         '  ..:.  Ar;   full    rfNe-   Ult    l.Orn- 


In   .  r-%1. 


U-ln 


1  ■''    ''  "                                                           'I  In  Hiln  Sheets,  emieclally 
I  .    laltf,  LATH         l.i 

1  "  '•  '■  i.    1. ion  1. 1 1  ul  .l.i.    i.i,„i- 

md  ..i   t»,.  thiitj 
la  I  i. .  daj    . 

i     da)  Mai  lit,  n  Mormon 
la  I  'trr-math"l,  h      \ti.  iinaiii 


1  T .  . 

furnish  mil.  a  lattioo;  int.  r- 

fl.      I  >|..n- 


II 


I. 


I  .'!, 


I  .1  I,    .  I 
Ixlh  ■». 


II-. 


line  with  laths 
lull  Ing, 

Imping  it  ii..\\  ii 
I  I. 

til    lather 
M.  !        m  or  fr..th  lr 

l"li  <!•->.  [tcring. 

•  for  plas- 

ad:  a  combining 

1  \  l>r..:nl  vertical 

:il  rank. 

I  il    i-l..  - 

l.il    I- 

niiii  in  Italy;  Latin 
»•*«'»»  •'.-•'     of  or  pertaining  to  anclenl 

'■  '■  Huitti        - 

I-         I.  Pertaining  t..  ancient 

derived  from   the  ancient 
the  Church  of  Romi      II. 

•  of  the  people 

•'•• 
;..     [F.,   <  I.    /. 

"■  of   the   Roman   classic 

I  ii'   I    .         Latin  ..f 
,  i  rlod.  In- 
church  '  Lou    i...   Medli  val 
or  ■  odlfled  by 
Medieval   I... 

n  of  the  | 

D„  Indue  Modern  I...  V ■»  i... 

•  ■  the  revival  of  letters 

Latin-Ism,  n      \  Latin 

1     '"'--■  i.i-iin  i-i  . 

I    .1    lll-i/.  .  [-IZED; 

DtO  Latin;  make  like  I.alin  III  form] 

r  late. 
1. 

.  from  the 

ved  from 

■■ 

.  figurative  ly, 

I-  ol  devia- 

■">.  Stretch  ol 

■ 
-«"  •ll-n.il.         I    -    .  olng  to  or  In  i 


Lattice  \\  In. low. 


at    ill. 

1. 

!. 

- 
Ml. 1. II.    1 

lit  i-ii,  : 
iii  i-iu.i, 


In    i-i  ti    r|i-ri.L  ri-  in.    ;  -"i-t,-,"- 

'■  t,  or  lax  in  t 

II.  I.  n 

ker;  lil.er.-il.    2.  [[.-) 
irehmen  of  tl 

•• 

-Ism,  n. 

•  country 


i    - 

1,-tr 


.man  name. 
■ 

wash  ) 
"' '  r>  ■  -     '  :  ivagant  worship,  de- 

B  etc.    [  <  Gr.  lalreia.  worship.] 


I  'I    I  l<e.  |    1  Int'i 
III     II*    .    . 

I  I 

lit   tin-Murk":.      I       F  latli* 

■  hi; 
laud,  1  led;  8  lad      I1,  a)       Po 
in  word  (tol      II.  /i 

d        o  worship;  a 
prai  ft.  . 

i  .flowing  matins.     [<     I.. 

: 
i  hi. I   i-i.i  e  .        Worthy  of  appro- 
•neas,   u      laiul"n- 
bll'l-t)  laud'a-hly,    tuft       lao- 

da'tlOO,     n.         lauil 'a-to-r) .       I.    ,( 
lallil   a-lh    ■■    ;.        I|.     „. 

pi  '.      A  pain 

Laud,  William  1 167  hblshop 

..f  <  Canterbury;  supporter  "f  t  !n 
hed  and  beheaded, 

I. Ill    .l.l-IHIIII.    1     |,,',1. ,-,,,,„,;     g   1;1  ',|;l. 

nflm,  ■       ripcture  "i  opium:  a  nar- 
cotic   ..r    poisonous    ilrui;.       (<     L. 

lored 

laugh',]  L.taf;  21al         I.       I.  To  move  by  laughter  or 

'■"  ■       I  ncucule,    :.  To  express  with  laughter     11./     I 

■  .i  t.,  laughter;  1..-  glad      ■.'.  To  I..-  gay  .,r 

lively      ft.   To  scoff:   jeer:   followed   by  „i      I  <    \s 

Mephan.  tough.]    laugh.*.     Iaugh'a-bl(e< ,  „. '  Provokfns 

laughter,     s.vn.:  see  u.  ebb;  bjdii  i  loi  -      lauKh'a-bKe- 

ii.".  laiiKira-hl).  ads,      laiiKliVr.  n       laiiirli'liiit 

laughing  iu<".  ■      Nitrous  oxld:   an 
■  tic  with  exhilarating  effect  when  Inhaled      I.  Jack- 
■**•  w       l-  A  large  Australian    Insectivorous    kingfisher 
owl  of  New  Zeal  md      I.  matter,  n      A 
I-  stock,  n      \  butl  for  rldiouie 
laugh,  n      An  act  of  laughter;  merriment;  also  ridicule 
augh  ler.  Ml..:  tor;  2  Sf'ter,  n.    A  series  ol  spasmodio 
i.ii  ter  .      \  expuJ  ions  ol  breath,  with  jerky  sounds   ac- 
companied by  mi  i   the  facial  muscles    pro- 
voked by  mirthful  fe<  lit 

-  caculnnatlon,  fun,  giggling,  glee,  hilarity    Jollity 
merriment,  o  elng,  Bnlckeiing,    Uttering      ftmv 

distress,   frowning,  gloom,  glowering,   groaning,  lowering' 
mourning,  sadness,  sorrow,  tears,  wailing,  weeping 
launch,  1  lancn  or  lencn;  2  Ifinch  or  lanch.    I*.  ,t   a   m 
I-   l  o  slide  or  move  iron,  the  land  into  the  watt 
boat.    'i.  'J'.i  -ml  forth  or  -tart,  as  on  a  new  care,  r     :i 
oui      i.  I  o  throw,  as  a  darl     II.  „     i.  The  act 
of  launching.    2.  The  sliding  of  a  newly  buill  vessel  from 
the  stocks  into  the  water.    3.  Naut.  The  largest  of  a 
man-of-war's  boats,     i.  A   large  open   pleasure-boal 
especially  when  propelled  by  power.    |<  F   lancer    < 
ii     ■     si  iro;  THROW 
laundt,  n.    a  town;  glade;  dale.    laiin<iet. 
latin  (ler,  l  lan'dsr or  ISn'dar;2  Ifin'der or  ton'der  m     To 
wash  and  iron,  as  articles  of  clothing,    f  l  It         | 
wash.]    lainrner-er.        lain.  '.ires,.  „.   a  washerwoman! 
i  inn  ilry.n     [lai  ■,'i,|.„  ././,/  j    a  place  for  washing  and 
ironing  clothes.-  laun  'dry-man,  «.   [-men,  pi.]. 
laun'der,  n.    \  trough  nr  gutter,  a.s  of  wood,  for  conveying 
water.    [Contr.  of  ME.  lavender,        01  <L 

tndive  n!  tin,,,  wash.) 
i  ... i-ra '..-;,..  i  i„-r,-Ni-i;  2  la-rft'ce-8,  n.  pi.    It,,/.    A  family 
or  aromatic  and  medicinal  trees  and  shrubs    the  laurels     it 
embraces  I".  genera  and  about  90  natives 

of  warm  climates.    [<  L.  laurus,  laurel.]    lau-ra'ceous  a 
Ian -r.-ale.  1  LVn-it;  2  ja're-at.     I.  a.     Crowned  with 
laurel.    II.  n.    l.  [EngJ  The  poef  officially  invested  with 
the  title  .-I  laureate  by  the  crown.    'I.  In  former  times 
a  poet  publicly  crowned  with  laurel  in  recognition  of  lii« 
<  I.,  laureatue,  <  lawru  .  launl  ]— lau're-ate- 
■blp,  n.    The  office  or  dignity  of  poet  laureate. 
Ian  rei.  ]  i.,'r,i:  2  la'rfl,  n     I.  ■■.  brub  {Jmo- 

belongmg  to  the  Meditei  anean  region  >. 
Any  other  species  of  the  genus  Laiai  ».  3.  [u.  s  j  An 
evergreen  shrub  of  either  of  two  genera  of  the  heath 
amity,  as  the  rhododendron.  4.  [Eng.]  An  evergreen 
cherry-tree  with  floi  [  inedible  fruit    5. 

Acrown  or  wreath  of  laurel;  hence,  honor  or  di  tinction 
byn_-  see  fame.— Ian 'reled,  a.  l.  Crowned  or  decked  with 
laurel;  laureate.    2.  Overg-own  with  laurel,    lau 'relied:. 


..,       l:a=o:final:    ■  =  1habJ*l   ni?le,i    au  =  out;    oil:    Ifl  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sin<7;    fhin,   this. 
453        9:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


lateral 
lay 


Lau-ren'tian,  1  lo-ren'siian;  2  Ia-ren'shan.  Gcol.  I.  a.  Of 
or  pertaining  to  the  St.  Lawrence  river.  II.  n.  The  very 
ancient  Archaean  rocks  underlying  the  Algonklan  rocks  of 
North  America. 

Lau"ri-er',  1  lo"n-e';  2  lo"n-e',  Sir  Wilfred  (1S41-  ).  A 
French=Canadian  statesman;  premier  of  Canada,  1896-1911. 

Lau'rus,  1  ie'ros;  2  la'rus,  n.  A  genus  of  evergreen  trees  of 
the  family  Lauraceze.    [L.,  laurel»tree.] 

Lau"sanne',  1  lo'zan';  2  lo"san',  n.  A  Swiss  city  (pop.  74,- 
000),  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva. 

Ian 'wine,  1  lau'vin:  2  lou'vln.  n.    An  avalanche.    [G.] 

la'va,  1  ld'vs;  2  lii'va,  n.  Melted  rock,  as  from  a  volcanic 
crater.    [It.,  stream.] 

La-va'ter,  1  la-vu'tar;  2  lii-va'ter,  Johann  Kaspar  (1741- 
1801).    A  Swiss  poet,  mystic,  and  physiognomist. 

lav'a-to"ry,  1  lav'o-t6"n;  2  lav'a-to"ry.  I.  a.  Washing. 
II.  n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  1.  A  place  for  washing.  2.  Med.  A 
wash;  lotion.  [<  LL.  lavatorium,  <  L.  lavo,  wash.] — 
la-va'tion,  n.    A  washing,    lave'mentf. 

lave1, 1  lev;  2  lav,  vt.  &  vi.  [laved;  lav'ing.]  1.  To  wash; 
bathe  oneself.  2.  To  flow  or  undulate  gently  on  or 
against  an  object.  [  <  F.  laver,  <  L.  lavo,  wash.]— 
la'veri,  n.    A  large  basin  to  wash  in. 

lave',  v.  [laved;  lav'ing.]  I.  i.  [Prov.  Eng.]  1.  To  flow; 
run  down  in  gutters,  as  a  melting  candle,  2.  To  hang  or  drop 
down.  II.  t.  1.  To  lavish.  2.  To  drink  or  draw  in.  3.  To 
pour  or  lade  out;  bail  out.    [<  AS.  laflan.  pour  out.) 

lave,  n.  [Scot.]  The  rest;  remainder.    [<  AS.  la/.]    lafef. 

lav 'en-dor,  1  lav'en-dar;  2  laVen-der,  n.  1.  An  aromatic 
shrub  of  the  mint  family  cultivated  for  its  perfume  and 
oil;  also,  the  perfume.  2.  The  color  of  lavender=flow- 
ers,  a  pale  lilac.     [<  It.  lavanda,  a  washing.] 

La"ven"tle',  1  la"vuh"tl';  2  la"vah"te',  n.  A  town  in  N. 
France;  scene  of  severe  fighting  in  European  War,  1914. 

la'ver2,  n.  Any  edible  purple  seaweed  or  a  dish  prepared 
from  it.    [L.,  water=plant.]  [Scot.]    The  lark. 

lav'er-oek,  1  lavar-ak  or  lav'rak;  2  lav'er-ok  or  lav'rok,  n. 

lav'ish,  1  iav'isli;  2  lav'ish.  I*.  vt.  To  give  out  profusely; 
squander.  II.  a.  1.  Spending  extravagantly;  prodigal. 
2.  Excessive;  superabundant.  3.  Wild  or  unrestrained. 
[<  lave2,  v.]    Syri.:  see  squander,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

La"voI"sler',  1  la"vwa"zye';  2  la"vwa"§ye',  Antoine  Laurent 
(1743-1794).    A  French  chemist;  guillotined. 

la-vol'ta,  1  la-vol'ta;  2  la-vol'ta,  n.  Formerly,  a  dance  some- 
what like  the  waltz  or  polka.  [  <  ft.  la  volta,  the  turn,  <  L. 
ille,  that,  volulus,  pp.  of  t'olvo.  roll.)     la-volt'f;  la-vol'tof. 

law,  1  IS;  2  la,  v.  I.  t.  1.  [Colloc].]  To  contend  with  at 
law;  go  to  law  with;  prosecute.  2§.  To  make  law  or 
rules  for;  regulate.  31".  To  enact;  ordain.  4f.  0.  Eng. 
Forest  Law.  To  cut  off  the  claws  and  balls  of  (a  dog's  fore 
feet),  lawcj.  II.  i.  1.  To  contend  at  law;  litigate: 
now  colloquial.    2t.  To  study  law. 

law,  n.  1.  A  rule  of  action  established  by  recognized 
authority  to  enforce  justice  and  prescribe  duty  or  ob- 
ligation; a  legislative  enactment.  2.  A  system  of  rides 
or  regulations  recognized  by  men  or  nations  or  applied 
in  courts  of  law.  3.  Bib.  The  Old  Test :i.incnt  books  con- 
taining the  laws  of  Moses.  4.  Trial  by  legal  or  judicial 
process.  5.  Legal  science;  jurisprudence.  (>.  The  uni- 
form occurrence  of  natural  phenomena  in  the  same  way 
or  order  under  the  same  conditions.  Called  natura  law 
or  a  law  of  nature.  7.  A  rule  established  by  eusti  a.  N. 
A  recognized  rule  of  action.  !).  A  rule  of  order  or  prog- 
ress.   [<  AS.  lagu,  law,  <  licgan,  lie.] 

Svn.:  canon,  code,  command,  commandment,  decree, 
edict,  enactment,  formula,  mandate,  order,  ordinance,  prin- 
ciple, regulation,  rule,  statute.     Law  In  its  ideal  is  tin-     Lite 

mentor  a  principle  ol  right  in  mandators  form,  by  competent 
authority,  with  adequate  penalty  for  disobedience;  In  com- 
mon use  the  term  is  applied  to  any  legislative  act,  however 

Imperfect  or  unjust.  Command  and  commandment  are  per- 
sonal and  particular;  as,  the  commands  of  a  parent;  the  Ten 
Commandments.  An  edict  is  the  act  of  an  absolute  sovereign 
or  other  authority;  we  speak  of  the  i  diet  of  an  emperor,  the 
decree  of  b  court,    a  mandate  is  specific  for  an  occasion  or  a 

purpose;  a  Superior  court    issues  lis  mandate  tO  BO   inferior 

court,  to  send  up  its  records.    SiaiuU  is  tin-  recognized  legal 

term  for  a  specific  law;  i  naClTTH  ill  la  I  he  more  vaffUC  and  gen- 
eral expression.     We  speak  of  ali'el, rale  ol  chemical  formula   . 

municipal  ordinances,  military  orders,  army  r<  mlalion  .  ec 

cicsiasticai  canons,  the  <»/.    or  a  business  house     i.mr  is 

often  used,  .also,  for  a  recognized  principle,  »l violation 

Is  attended  with  Injury  or  loss  thai   acta  III  B  a   penal! 

the  laws  of  business;  the  laws  of  nature  In  more  ti  Ictlj 
scientific  use,  a  natural  law  is  simply  ii  recognized  ■■■,  stem  ol 
sequences  or  relations;  as.  Kepler's  lawt  "<  planetary  dis- 
tances.  See  justice;  legislation. 

—ceremonial  law  (Script.),  Ian  pertaining  to  the  cere 
monies  of  the  jew  lab.  church,  as  given  In  the  Old  Testamoni 
—civil  law.  I.  The  i.ody  or  system  of  Jurisprudence  ■■•  bit  h 
the  people  of  a  state  or  nation  e  tabli  in  foi  their  government 


as  citizens.  2.  The  body  of  the  Roman  law,  received  by  the 
governments  of  continental  Europe  as  the  foundation  of  their 
jurisprudence:  also  so  received  in  the  State  of  Louisiana  — 
common  law,  a  system  of  Jurisprudence  originating  in 
custom  or  usage,  as  distinguished  from  statutory  law;  as.  the 
common  law  of  England,  law  of  nations,  international  law; 
the  common  law  of  nations  regulating  their  intercourecin  peace 
and  their  relations  in  war.  moral  law,  the  divinely  pre- 
scribed law  regarding  moral  conduct;  the  law  of  nuin .  espe- 
cially, the  decalog.— natural  law.  1.  The  rule  ol  Civil 
conduct  deducible  from  the  common  reason  and  conscience 
of  mankind;  as.  the  natural  law  of  self-defense.     ■-'.  A  law  of 

nature.    Sec  law,  ti     parllamentarj   law,  the  body  ol 

rules  recognized  or  ordained  for  preserving  order  and  regu- 
lating the  modes  ol  procedure  and  course  ol  debate  in  leg- 
islative or  deliberative  bodies,     periodic  law   [{ 

statement  of  the  natural  systematic  classification  ol  the  ele- 
ments according  to  their  atomic  weights  a-  elaborated  by 

Mendelcjeff.     See  table  under  ELEMENT.      Koni.in  law,  Bee 

civil  law.— sumptuarj  laws,  laws  thai  restrict  Individual 
expenditures  as  to  food,  clothing,  etc.      law'tul,  a.     Per- 
mitted by  law;  legitimate;  rightful;  just.    S.vn.:  se< 
EIGHT. — law'fUl-ly, adv.—  law 'flll-ness,  n.       law  'gh'Vr. 

n.    One  who  makes  or  enacts  a   law  or  laws:  a    li 
law'mak"ert.      Iaw'glv"iiig,  a.  &  n.    law  'mak"lng  | . 
law'ing,  n.     1.  A  tavern  score.     2.  A  going  to  law        law  '- 
less,  a.     Unrestrained  by  law;  unruly;  rebellious;  Illegal; 
irregular:  outlawed,    -ly,  u<ir.     -ness,   n. 

Law,  1.  Andrew  Bonar(185S-  ),  British  statesman:  chan- 
cellor of  the  Exchequer;  born  in  Canada.  2.  Joint,  of 
Lauriston  (1071-172!)).  A  Scottish  llnancier;  comptroller 
of  the  French  finances. 

law,  interj.    La:  a  corruption  ol  Lord. 

lawdef,  n.    Praise. 

lawk,  1  lek;21ak,  interj.  [Colloq.  or  Prov.l  A  mild  expression 
of  surprize  or  wonder.    [Cor.  of  LORD.]    lank ; :  la  w  i,     . 

lawn1,  1  Ion;  2  Ian,  n.     1.  A  piece  "t  ground  covered  wnli 
grass  kept  closely  mown.     2.  A  glade  between  •■. 
[<  F.  lande,  heath.]— lawn'«m.ow"er,  n.     A  machine  for 
clipping  the  grass  of  lawns.      I. 'tennis,  n.    See  1 1  wis 

lawn2,  n.  1.  fine  thin  linen  cambric.  2.  Ceram,  A  fine 
clay  sieve.    [Perhaps  <  1*'.  Loon  (town  mar  Reims).] 

lawn'y1, 1  ien'i;  21an'y,  a.    Made  of  lawn;  dressed  in  lawn. 

lawn'y'-,  a.    Having  a  lawn;  resembling  a  lawn. 

Law'rence,l  IS'rens; 2 la/rfinc,  n.  1.  Sir  Henry  (1806  1857), 
a  British  general  in  India:  killed  at  laickih'u  '.'.  James 
(1781-1813),  an  American  naval  captain,  killed  In  the 
"Chesapeake»Shannon"  fight.  :t.  John.  1st  Lord  iisii 
1879).  an  English  administrator;  captured  Delhi;  governor* 
general  of  India.  4.  Sir  Thomas  (1769  1880),  an  English 
portralt»patnter. 

law'sult",  1  lo'siut";  2  la'sfit",  n,  An  action  in  a  court  of 
law  for  redress  of  wrongs,  or  f or  enforcement  of  right. 

law'yer,  l  lo'yar;  2  la/yer,  n.    I.  <  Ine  who  is  versed  in  law 
or  who  practises  law.    2.  Specifically,  in  the  New   I 
ment,  one  who  expounded  t  lie  Mosaic  I  i  w 

lax,  1  laks;  2  lake,  a.      1.   Lacking  tenseness  or  Brn 
slack;  flabby;  yielding.    2.  Not  stringent  or  en,  ■ 
negligent.    3.  Wanting  exactness  ol  meaning  or  appli 
cation.     4.  Loose  in  the  bowels,      |<  I.,  laxus, 
S.vn.:  see  vagub.    Iax'a-tlv(e.  I.  a    wed.  Gentlj  pui 

II.  n.  A  gently  purgative  medicine,      la\'l-(> ,  n.  lax  'ness  ;. 
— lax'lj ,  ad\ 
lay,  lie;  2  la, »,    [laid; lav'ing.]    \.t     l.Tooausi 

pi: or   pill  ;   deposit  .       2.   To  dispose    met  ho.  in  nil-,         ,t. 

To  roust  met  by  putting  material    in  place     I .  I  a 

work  out,  or  plan  out .    !>.  To  impose,  as  i ethina  Inn 

densome,    6.  To  spread  over  r  surfaoe,    7.  To  extrude 

and  drop,  as  an  egg.     8.  Ti  I  ■■    >  1    -1     -  ■ 

throw.     9.  To  put  to  n  ML    I         i 

tribute  ,,i  in'     II.  To  bring  forward  oi  to 

notice,  pre  nit      I'.'.   In  nialo   ready,  a-  a  tabli 

meal:  put   in  B  Bpocifii  d     t  lt(    01   condition       13.  To  put 

or  b\  si  >met  hing  on,  as  a  coverit 

14.  To  arrange  properly  the  strands  ol  and  twist  them: 

said  of  a  rope,  cable,  or  the  like      l">.  To  h 

risk.     Hi.  To  locatt  .    18  a  II.  I.I 

extrude  and  drop  .  gg    .  D     fo«  I         '.'.    \        I     I 

luired         to         ilofl     3.   i   ■  n    ki    i  bet  or  boU 

I      \  mi 

la] .  i  16;  '  in.  Imp  of  tu 
lay,    a        Pei  taining    to    t  he    Ia.i1  \  ,    non«i 

mexperienced       \       I  li  ' '  "  pi  "i,|r  I 

la.\  it7i    I  •  The  man n  *  liii  h   mm  t  long  lii 

relative  arrangement      '.'■   V  lin<  ofworl      •'(•   V  definite 

(i ii  ii  j  hi  \  i r  thread      I     I 

liM 1 1  i.    r>.  A  profil  oi  -haie  .ii  pi 

la>  '  Hn"iirc,  ti     I.  A  model  lo  I  u U     foi 

artist  men  puppet 

lax  ,  \    ong,  ball  id,  oi  narrativi   pot  m     I       I 


I  .k\  anion     i 


I             I          0                       I      "•  :    fall    rOI.      bOt,  lOrn; 
|  I  ''  i  i  I   ■  I 


i  s|f    \  M 

U>  °rr,  I 

/        lei 

In    .  -i    l| 

1 1)    111. til . 

r  other 


- 

,-r.  II...  : 

l.i/     i-r.  i       .    I  i    /  ir 

MM  la  'if  llkt  leprous. 

- 

Itlcli  Man  at 

A  vitreous, 
l  illiilng  In  the 

\  ...  azure  ] 

I  null    . 

•  -   -r  ]    1.  Indis- 
'.'.  M   •.  ing  it  act- 

1   "' 

-'  ■  .  l;i'/i-!i.  --. 

luil'zu-ru'iil:  2  laz'a-ro'nl  or 
.       [-ve.  1  -nC:  2  -ue.  tint.]    Neapolitan 
i  v/.Mih  pro  ! 
.).  abbr.  I     (  .. 

1.  . 

I..  (  .  J..  1.  <  .  rn.. 

Lea*-  •  I..  I».. 

Ldp.,  I  p.,  idyshlp, 

[in. 
i  or  plain.     [  <  A  - 

I.  Mi  h.  .  I  .  by  draining, 

■y  draining      II-  L 

arryingaway 

|i   ii  h  '   I  uli  .{.    J  be  acl   "r  pri 

I  ing.     [  < 

V-  Poll.  US;  porOttB. 

I .      I .  .      •  dde  by 
.'.  dde  l>y 

;. 
i.  .">.  induce; 

allu-       B,  7.  To  guide 

indicate  by  going  I 
•    •     ..       draw  oi  drag  (one) 
in. 
II.       l.i      ictas  guide; 
hav.  '.'.  -  reach; 

4.  To  make 

Syn.:  Pe  a-  '  mvey,  direct,  escort, 

follow. 
Prep.: 
lead  by  the  b 

.  -nare.  up  to  a  conclusion,  au-oy  from,  out  of  danger, 

1  IX  id'iho.]    1.  To 

.'. 
as  lines  of  type,  with  thinli  .  :     '.i.  '  /'with 

II.  •     -  fill  up 

!■   id  v<l.  I . 

.' 
|.il.  1 . 

-.    which 
any  • 

:  first  in  a 

round;  the  card,  piece,  or  suit  pla  i.  A  way 


,.  i, 

. 
I.   1. 1  .  I 

I.  .1    . 

l. 

bl  ii  I.  lead   .    i.  I  carbonate 

r)  oxid      White  lead:.     I  •     AS    lead, 

i.  id    pen  -ii.         v  pencil  made  of  black  lead  "r 

wood,  papci 

i.     •  de  ..f  lead;  of  the 
liil  in      I  '".  Hi  avy;  'lull;  oppn 

lead'er,  i ,  i  »ne  who  leads  or iducl  -. 

.•.         ■  u In.  l.  leads,  precedes,  or 

•  ill.-  i. .nil..  one  "i 

:i.  A  V  ml. -n  <t  sinew 

i  •  editorial  article  ..i  a  ni  •■  >■   <  'ant  | 

•  ide  of  merchand  rial  price  to 

attract  customers.     Syti :  see  cricf;  via 

I.    ..I    .  i  --hip. 

lead 'Ing,  ]  I.          1.  Having  priority  or 

influi                       '■  ■              attention,  de  ir.-,  or  cus- 
tom    :i.  Furnishing  a  lead  or  pn 

II.  \    lirecting  or  guiding  influence        lead 'lug- 

staff  .    ■  ..f  a   military   commandei      i 

strings,             i  vhich  children  are  supported 

when  learning  to  w  I        ace,  guldan >r  restraint, 

leaf,  1  Iff;  2  I6f,  ri.    To  put  forth  <>r  produce  leaves. 
ii  i  wi  s.  ;./  ]    l.  \  lateral  appendage  "i  ti 
plant,  commonly  broad,  flat,  and  thin,  ami  ol  a 
green  i  8.  Something  resembling  this,  as  one  of  the 

folds  forming  a  I k.  a  hinged  or  gliding  pan  ..i  a  table 

or  door,  or  a  thin  sheet   of  metal.     |<   AS    led/.] 

to  turn  over  a  new  leaf,  to  ohai  conduct, 

ii\  for  the  better,  —leafage,  >■■.    i  eaves  collectively; 

railage,    leaf  •bod",  »     a  bud  thai  develops  into  a  leafy 

branch  only,  -leafed,  a.     Having  leaves     leaf  dn'sect, 

n.     Same  as  imiyi.i.ii  \t.     leafless,.;.      Having  no  leafage. 

leaflet,  n.    I.    \  1 1 t t i « -  leaf    2.  A. small  printed  leaf;  a 

also,  a  small,  unstitched   folding   circular     leaf' 

si.  ilk",  n.      A  petiole       leafy.-;.     [i.ku'i-mi;    i.i.w'i-im| 

Ddlng  in  leaves    lean-ness, 
league,)  1  Tig; 2 leg, d  Scvi.    [libaouxd; lbaot/ing.]  To. 

leag  .  I  join  in  a  league;  combine;  form  a  confederation: 
commonly  followed  by  with. 

league1,  n.  An  alliance,  as  "f  persons  or  states,  for  mu- 
tual support  in  a  common  cause,  (<  F.  ligue,  <  I.. 
Hoc,  blnd.l    Syn.:  see  alii 

league  .  \  measure  of  distance,  varying  from  aboul 
_'  1.'  h  statute  mil's.    The  marine 

in  rum mon  use  equals  three  geographic  miles.    [  <  LI.  01 
i  ialllc  mile.] 

lea'gaerti  vt.    To  beleaguer;  i"  - 

lea'gner  .  ;  I  gsi   2  ledger,  ».    I   .  2  .  ■    .  camp 

of  a  besieging  force;  also,  any  military  camp,     '.i   .  An 

old  campaigner.    |  <  I),  leger,  camp.] 
lea'gner  . 

l.i- 'ah,  l  ii',.:  2  le'a.  n.    The  elder  daughter  of  Laban;  oi I 

the  wives  of  Jacob.    (Ten.  xxlx,  16. 
leak,  l  Ilk :  2  lek.    I*.  1.  ["o  let  a  liquid,  etc.,  enter 

rnedly.    '*.  To  pass  in  or  out  acciden- 
ts.       I.  An  opening  that  permits  the 
unintended  i  ntrance  or  escape  oi  a  fluid,  of  electric  cur- 
rent, etc.    2.  Leakage.    [Cp.  I>   lek,  G    leek,  I© 

to  spring  a  leak,  to  spring  open,  part,  or  crack,  so  as  to  lei 
In  water:  properly  tprino  aleak,  leak 'age,  n.  The  act  ol 
leaking,  the  quantity  thai  leaks,  or  an  allowance  for  ios.s  by 
leaking     leak 'y, a.    [lbak'i-sb: leak'i-bbt.]    I.  Havings 

leak  01  t.  Dg       Irak'l-ness,  ;, 

leal,  1  hi;  2 1H,  a.  [Poet.,  Prov.  Eng  ABcol  I  I.  True-hearted: 
loyal;  faithful     ''..  True;  actual      land  of  the  leal,  land  of 
■  ilthful;  heaven.— Ieal'«heart"ed,  a. 
lean.  1  Un;  2  [lEANSD  or  i.f.ant;  i.ean'ino  ] 

1.  To  bend  or  cans'-  to  bend  or  incline  from  an  erect 
position;  rest  for  support ;  depend;  rely:  with  on  or  upon. 
■;.  To  hav  a  mental  inclination  8.  To  depart  from  a 
ourae.  [  <  AS  Wt'»i  ion  ] 
Syn.:  bear,  confide,  depend,  recline,  rely,  repose,  rest,  sup- 
port oneself,  trust    See  rm  link:  rest.— Prep.:  lean  agairwi 

a  wall,  un  or  upon  a  staff:  to  or  rm.>irtl  pacification. 

-  lean  Mo",  n.  A  building  having  a  slnglcpltched  roof 
with  It.s  apex  against  an  adjoining  wall  or  building;  a  Shed. 

lean1, 1  Dn;  2  len.  La.  I.  Free  from  or  lacking  fat;  lank; 
thin.  'I.  Lacking  in  richness,  productiveness,  or  other 
desirable  qualities.  9.  Manifesting  thinness,  orattended 
by  want.  11./'.  Flesh  or  muscle  without  fat;  lean  meat. 

[  <  AS.  hUme,  lean.)  Syn.:  see  meager,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 


COMMON    AMERICAN    i  I   w  I 
I    llorse-chestniit.     2.  Hlack  ash.     3.  Sugar<maple.     1    Hon 
Basswood.     8.  Wild  black  cherry.     '.).  Shagbark   hickory       10.   Boieelder.      I  I     C'ano 

lar.     13.  Aruerlcau  Dlum.     14.  White  elm.     15.  Chraluut. 


1,111  ,.         >      >  i         i  ii         D       Oral 

■i  '  I     I  .  ,  .  .  .         .  ,  .  .  II  I  I  .,..,,..,.       ftfffl 


I>  .trn. 
I. Til    . 


r.  fourth 

l.N-s,  viil. 

Icollj . 

1 . 

arn  ] 

ilior- 

learn 'fd  i 
-Ij  .  1  ■  .1  r 1 1   .  r. 

lie.  ..  .1  liy  study  <.r  from  in- 

struction, knowledge,  lore, 
:  learn- 
capac- 
lever  of  that 
its  rull- 

■  must  be  the 
In  gn  .  mal  as- 

iniself, 
only  ihiIm  the  way, 

■  r 1 1 ii-;  studied, 
le,  for  accumulated 

i-<-  for 

■  of  fact,  r<-;il 

rnimj  Is  mUCD 

Inm/l- 

recon- 

illnary  Industry,  <*\>- 

ITION;  KNOVi 

i  ompare 


le  >ii. 
II 


l  • 

n  of  or 

II.         I .  r  the  letting 

■;.  Any  tenure 

. 

k   i-    i-M   e    .  len-e'liold",    n.      A 

I.  ,i -.  'hold"er,  n. 
I  .    •     To  bind  or  hold  l>y  a  leash 
1 .  for  holding  :i  huntii 

if ;  three  creatures  of  thi 

ral.      [  <    I,.'    /  IXa, 


I.    i-    Hi. 


I.    .1. 


II. 


or  a  lie;  falsehood 

■ 

I.  D   •'/■•■,  V:illl<\ 

I 

- 

I.  I     1.  To  make  or 
r;  apply 
:;. 
a  I'-  • .  -  II. 

leath'er, 

let  ll  '•  r    . 

patent  I    it  her,  Japanned  orlacqui  red 
I.  ith  'er-b  ii  k  ".  turtleof  warm 

- 

|<  .Hi  i  r-eoat",  n.      A 


i.  >i  ii  .  i  -.  1 1.   .  .     -  i, 'Hi  imitation 

i,  .ii  h  . T-iii-.ni   .  ■        \        ipl  i   |m  ■   on    block- 

i.  iiii.ru.         Made  of  loath         leath'er-y,  a. 

lUgll. 

i.  u .  .  1 1  ii  I-...  I    I.  i     I.  To 

i.  n   .  condition.    3, 

I,  luclion  with 

I  -3i.lt      ffJJ      .oil      |.|,    l.l- 

ti.     I'.,  put    in  :i  place  and   let 

If.  1  i  di  ii  Ii.  I"  qui  ul  Ii 

v  i  II.  I.     To 

nlinue     |  •  Ii  :i\  a  | 

I.   ii   i  r.    . 

leave1,         Vo  grant  leavi  to;  permit:  usually  followed  by 
- .  i  and  an  Infinitive  vi  nil  I 

I  (or  /./  \\  Itli  In  iiinii  ■■  '.mi  go. 

\  •  rue.] 

leave  .  •    i  i  m  is..  |    To  pul  forth  I.  , 

I.  mil.        Saving  a  leaf,  leaves,  or  folds, 

leave,        i .  imething  ol ' 

t  irbidden  or  unlawful     '!   i  il 

:i.    \  departure;  parting     leave'  iak"ing;.    [<    as.  leSf, 

Iloen  iiKiuiii.il  UMIS8ION. 

leav'en,  { 1  lov'n;  2  leVn     I  I.  ?o  make  light  by  fer- 

,i  '.'i        ir.-i  in  character;  imbue, 

II.  I.  Fermenting  dough,  or  anything  that  i 
fermentation      ".'.    vnj    influi  ni  e  thai   a  i 
change.    |  <  I,.1 

Lea v 'en- worth!  l  Iev*n-w0rtn:  2  leVn-wQrth,  n.    \  manu 

facturlng  <-it >  in  .\.  E.  Kansas;  pop,  10,000. 
leaves,  i      /  2  leva,  n.    Plural  ..in  u 

ig,  J  leVing,  a.    I.  The  ael  of  departure, 

Sl'll.:  see  Itl  U  UN- 

iii  r;  i 
leai   >    .  I  liv'i   2  I' ■■■  '•  .  .i      I 

I  rii  i-noii.  ]  ieb's-non;  2  leb'a  D6n,  n.    A  mountain  range  in 
leeh'er,  l  lech'er;  l.'  lech'er,  u.    A  habitually  lewd  01 

lal  man.     [<   OF.  lechtOT,        i  >M  8.  In  ■mi.  IliK  I 

lech'er-ous,  a.  Given  to  or  characterised  by  lewdness 
or  lust.  -ly.  ado.  -ness,  i  leeh'er-),;;.  I.  Pree  Indul- 
gence in  lust;  gross  sensuality.    '■!.  Belflarj  plea 

i.eeki.  i  lek'i;  2  lek'y,  William  Edward  Eartpole 

in  Irish  1  ihlli      pher. 

Le-eonte'  de  Lisle,  l  lo-kSnt'  da  in;  2  le  1 6nf  de  iii.  Charles 
Marie  Ren*  (1818  1894).    V  French  poet. 

Le  Cren"sol '.  I  A  tow  d  In  oentral  I 

u  here  the  Le  <  freusol  gun  Is  made. 

i.rt..     •  ',,-.    Lecture. 

lee 'tern,  l  lek'tern;  2  lSe'tern.  n.  A  readlng>desk  from  which 
the  Scripture  lessons  of  various  church  services  are  chanted 
or  read.    |<  OF.  letfrun,  <  LL.  ledum,  <  lego,  read.] 

lee'iioii.  l  lek'shsn;  2  lee'shon,  n.  l.  A  lesson  appointed  to 
be  read  In  church  service.  '1-  A  variation  In  the  tezl  ol  an 
author.  (<  L.  tatto(n-),  <  lego,  read.]  lec'tlon-a-ry,  n. 
[-R. is/.,  /;/.]    a  book  or  a  table  of  le  ions  [or  church  serine. 

lec'tor,  1  lek'ter;  2  lfie'tor,  n.    A  reader;  specif.,  one  who 
.  -  in  a  church  oi  lectures  in  a  university. 
[!..,  reader,  -    lego,  read.] 

lee 'tare,  1  Lek'chur  or  -tiur;  2 leVchur  or  -tflr.  I.  tt.  &v%. 
d;  ii..  'i  rn-iNn.)  To  deliver  lectures  to;  rep- 
rimand; deliver  a  formal  discourse.  II.  ».  1.  A  dis- 
r. -.ul  ..r  pronounced,  as  for  instruction.  '!.  A 
formal  reproof.  8.  In  Bngjish  universities,  a  tut 
profes  ors  instruction,  [r.,  <  I..  /•;/",  read]  lec'- 
tur-er,  ;;.  one  who  lectures;  especially,  an  Instructor  who 
delivers  for.  lee'ture-shlp,  n.    A  founda- 

[or  or  office  of  lecturing. 

led,  ,    of  lead,  ;. 

l.e'da,  :  ll'ds    -•  I. Ma.  h.    Or.  Myth,    wifcof  Tyndareus;  de- 
l  be  form  of  a  swan. 

ledge,  1 1  2  ledg,  n.  A  shelf ,  or  a  projecting  part,  as  of 
rock,  I  ■    \  '.tiii.',  recline.] 

ledg'er, ]  lel'ar; 2 ledg'er, a.    Light.    BeeLEOEB. 

ledg'er,  n.     1.  The  chief  boo!  among  mer- 

chants, which  slums  the  condition  of  each  account,  'i. 
Something,  aa  a  bar,  stone,  oi  the  like,  thai  is  made  to 
lie  flat  ..r  stay  in  a  fixed  position.    I  <  v  of  ui ,  recline  ] 

lei ,  i  li;  2  15.  I.  ".  Sunt.  Pertaining  to  the  Bide  op- 
potite  toth  ii  h  the  wind  bio  .■  <'■  i    aore. 

ll.  |.  The  direction  opposite  that  from  which  the 
wind  comes;  tie-  aide  sheltered,  oi  thai  Bhelters,  from 
wind.  '!.  A  shelter  afforded  by  any  object  in  a  wind. 
|  <  AS.  hi ...  .-In  It.  ■  :  lee  shore,  t  he  snore  on  the  lee 
i  a  shin     lee  tide,  a  tide  running  with  the  wind. 

i  1.  ntshagh  (1836   1906),  an  American  soldier  and 

'  onfederate  general;  brigadler-general,  u.  s.  A., 

1901.     'I-    r'raneis   Liichtfool    (1734    1707).  an  American 

patriot;  Statl  !   i  Declaration  of  Independence.    ■'!. 

Benry,  "Ligtatnorse  Harry"  (1766  1818),  a  cavalry  officer 

In   the  American   Revolution.     4.   Richard   Henry   (1732- 

1794),  an  American  patriot  and  orator;  signed  the  Declara- 


1:8  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ©II;    Iu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    fj  =  si>io;    thin,    this.  lean 

457     2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this,    legislature 


Leech. 
1.  Common  leech.    '-'.  Molii'iiial  k-iuh. 


tion  of  Independence.    5.  Robert  Edward  (1807-1870),  son 

of  Henry;  commander=in=chief  of  the  Confederate  armies, 

1862-1865. 
leech",  1  Ilch;  2  lech,  vL    To  bleed  with  leeches.    [  <  AS. 

l&cnan,  <  Ixce;  see  leech1,  re.] — leech 'er,  re. 
leech2 II',  vt.    To  treat  with  medicine;  heal.     [<  AS.  lUcnan, 

<  Ixce;  see  leech1.] — leech'iug,  re. 
leech3',  v.  &  n.    Same  as  leach1. 

leech1,  n.     A  physician;  doctor.     [  <  AS.  Ixce,  perhaps 

<  Idc,  medicine]    lechet. 

leech2,  n.  1.  An  aquatic  worm  used  for  drawing  blood; 
bloodsucker.  2.  Hence,  figuratively,  one  who  draws 
upon  or  appropriates  or  filches  the  substance  or 
wealth  of  others.  3. 
A  blood=drawing  ap- 
paratus, as  a  scarifier. 
artificial  leech} . 
[  <  AS.  Ixce.] 

leech3,  1  HcTi;  2  lech,  n. 
Naut.  The  edge  of  a 
square  sail;  after  edge 
of  a  fore-and-aft  sail, 
t  <  Ice.  lite.] 

leedt,  re.    Lead. 

Leeds,  1  lidz;  2  ledg,  n.  A  borough  (pop.  445,000)  in  central 
northern  England;  extensive  woolen  manufactures. 

leeff,  adv.    Same  as  lief. — Iev'er,  adv.  comp.    Liefer. 

leek,  1  Ilk;  2  lek,  re.  A  culinary  herb  closely  allied  to  the 
onion.    [  <  AS.  leac,  leek.] 

leer,  1  llr;  2  ler.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  look  obliquely,  slyly,  or 
with  a  leer,  allure.  [AS.  hleBr,  face.] 

leer1,  re.    A  sly  oblique,  malicious,  or  amorous  glance.    [  < 

leer2,  n.  An  anuealing=chamber,  =oven,  or  »arch,  as  in  a  glass* 
factory.    [Prob.  <  lie1,  v.]    learj. 

lees,  1  Hz;  2  leg,  n.  pi.  The  settlings  of  liquor;  sediment; 
dregs.    [  <  F.  lie,  <  LL.  Ha.] 

lect,  1  lit;  2  let,  re.  In  England,  a  former  court  of  jurisdiction 
for  petty  offenses.    [  <  AS.  Iseth,  district.] 

lee'ward,  1  ll'ward  or  (Naut.)  lQ'ard;  2  Ie'ward  or  (Naut.) 
lu'ard.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  the  direction  in  which  the 
wind  blows.  II.  re.  The  direction  toward  which  I  lie 
wind  blows.    III.  adv.    Toward  the  lee.    lee'ward-lyt. 

Lee'ward  Is'lands.  1.  A  group  of  W.  Indian  islands,  includ- 
ing Porto  Rico  and  the  islands  W.  of  it.  2.  A  chain  of  islands 
W.  of  Trinidad.  3.  A  British  federal  island  colony  in  the  W. 
Indies,  consisting  of  Dominica,  St.  Kitts,  and  others. 

lee'way",  re.  1.  The  drift  of  a  vessel  to  leeward.  2. 
Hence,  a  falling  behind  or  away  from  a  set  course. 

left,  1  left;  2  left,  imp.  &  pp.  of  lewe,  v. 

left,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  that  side  of  the  human  body 
which  is  toward  the  north  when  facing  sunrise:  opposite 
to  right.  2.  Situated  on  the  left-hand  side.  [  <  AS. 
left,  weak.]— left  bank  of  a  river,  the  bank  to  the  left  of  a 
person  who  is  facing  down  the  river. 

left,  re.  1.  The  left  side  or  half  of  the  body.  2.  In  Eu- 
ropean countries,  the  liberal  or  democratic  party,  usu- 
ally occupying  the  left  side  of  the  deliberative  assembly. 

Ieft'=hand",  a.  1.  Situated  on  the  left  side.  2.  Turning, 
opening,  or  swinging  to  the  left. — left'=hand"ed,  o.  1. 
1  laving  the  left  hand  or  arm  stronger  or  more  dexterous 
than  the  right.  2.  Done  with  the  left  hand;  turning  or 
moving  from  right  to  left;  adapted  for  use  by  tin'  left 
hand,  as  a  tool.  3.  Hence,  in  general,  clumsy ;  awkward. 
1.  Without  sincerity;  indirect.  5.  Turning  oppositely 
to  the  motion  of  the  hands  of  a  clock,  left  'shaild"i'd- 
ness,  n. — left'«hand"er,  n.  1.  One  who  is  left-handed.  2. 
a  left-handed  blow,  as  in  boxing. 

leg,  1  leg;  2  leg,  re.  1.  A  limb  of  an  animal  used  for  sup- 
porting the  body  and  lor  walking;  especially,  in  man, 
the  part,  of  the  lower  limb  between  kin-'-  mill  ankle     2. 

Something  that  resembles  a  leg.  3.  Hence,  anything 
that  gives  support.  4.  That  portion  of  a  nether  garment 
or  stocking  which  covers  the  leg,    5.  Naut.  Thedi  tance 

run  by  a  vessel  on  one  tack.    [  <  Ice  U  gffi ,  I'  g  | 
Leg.,  iibbr.     Legal,  legate,  legato  (It.,  smoothly),  l"/lt  (I...  he 
reads),  Icgvnl  (I,.,  they  read).      Leg.,  Legls.,  olilir.     Legis- 
lative, Legislature. 
leg'a-cy,  1  leg/a-si;  2  leg/a-cy,  re.    1.  Something  left  by 
will;  a  bequest.    2.  Hence,  anything,  asaoharacti  ri  itio, 
derived  from  an  ancestor.     [<  L.  let/atum,   <  lego,  bi 
queath.] 
le'gal,  1  ll'gal;  2  le'gal,  a.     1.  Pertaining  to  or  according 

to  law;  lawful.  2.  That,  may  be  remedied  by  a  resort  to 
law.  [<  F.  tef/al,  <  L.  legalis,  <  h  I  {teg-),  law.] 
le-gal'l-ty,  n.  i-tiks'-,  pi  |  The  condition  of  being  legal; 
conformity  to  law.— lc'gal-l/.e  or -Ise,  r/  |  i/ii.,  lz*INO.j 
1.  To  give  the  authority  of  law  to.  Z.  To  Interpret,  as  the 
Scriptures,  according  to  the  letter  rather  than  the  siilrlt, 
lc"gal-l-/,a'tlou,  n.— le'gal-ly,  adv.  According  to  law; 
lawfully. 


leg'ate,  1  leg  it  :  lefat,  n.  1.  Ajn  ambassador;  envoy 
2.  A  representative  of  the  Pope  in  various  function's 
[<  h.icyutus,  <  lego,  send.]  Syn..- see  delegate.— leg'ate- 
ship,  >i. ~ leg'a-tln(es,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  proceeding 
from  a  legate,    leg'an-iine;.  [legacy 

leg"a-tee\  1  leg"a-ti';  2  leg"a-te',  „.    The  recipient  of  a 
le-ga'tion,  1  u-ge'shsn;  2  le-ga'shon,  re.     1.  The  act  of 
deputing  or  delegating.    2.  A  diplomatic  mission,  oi  the 

persons  composing  it.     3.  The  official  residence  of  the 

chief  of  a  diplomatic  mission.     [  <  L.  legati 

send.] 

le-ga'to,  1  le-gfi'to:2  le-g.:i'to,  adv.  Stus.  in  a  smooth,  con- 
nected manner:  opposed  to  staccato,    (it.,  <    L.ifpo.tle.] 

le-ga'tor,  l  h-ge'ter;  2  le-ga'tdr,  re.    One  who  bequeaths 

a  legacy;  a  testator. 

leg'end,  1  lej'end;  2  leg'end,  re.     1.  A  narrative  based 
chiefly  on  tradition;  fable;  myth.     2.  A  motto  or  in- 
scription, as  under  a,  picture.    3.  The  musical  expression 
of  a  story,  without,  words.     [<  F.  Ugende,    -     I 
read.]    Syn.:  see  fiction.—  leg'end-a-ry,  a.    Pertali 
or  consisting  of  legends;  fabulous. 

Le-gendre',  1  le-afindr';  2  le-zhahdr',  Adrian  Marie  (1752 
1833).    A  French  mathematician. 

leg'er,  1  lej'ar;  2  leg'er,  a.  Light  and  fine,  as  a  line.  [  < 
F.  leger. <  L.  levis,  light.]  — leger  lines,  in  music,  lines  added 
above  or  below  the  usual  Btafl  to  extend  its  compass  I. 
space,  a  space  included  between  two  leger  lines,  le-ger'l- 
tyt,  re.     Lightness;  alertness. 

leg'er-de-niaiii",  1  lej'er-di-mSn";  2  ISg'er-de-man*,  re. 
A  deceptive  performance  thai  depends  upon  dexterity; 
sleight  of  hand.  [<  F.  Uger,  light,  +  </-',  of,  -f  main, 
hand.]  [bow 

legged,  1  legd  or  leg'ed:  2  legd  or  I6g'6d,  -;.     Having  le 

leg'ging,  1  leg'in;  2  leg'ing,  a,  A  covering  for  the  leg; 
long  gaiter:  chiefly  in  the  plural,    leg'gfn   . 

Leg'tiorn,  1  leg'horn;  2  leghorn,  a,    1.  <  If  or  pertaining 

to  Leghorn,  Italy.     2.  [I.-  Or  1-|  Ma.de  of  Leghorn  straw. 

—Leghorn  plait,  a  plait  of  Leghorn  straw  of  which  bon- 
nets and  hats  are  made.      L.  straw,  the  straw  of  a  variety 

of  wheat  (Triticum  mtlgare)  or.  according  to  some,  an  allied 
species  between  wheat  and  barley,  spell  (.Trilicum  Spelta). 

leg'liorn1,  re.  1.  A  fine  plait  of  Leghorn  straw,  used  lor 
making  bonnets  and  hats.  2.  A  bonnet  or  hat  made  oi 
this  plait.  3.  [L-]  A  breed  of  domestic  fowls.  [  <  J,,y- 
reorre  (the  city).  <  It.  Ltvorno,  <  L.  Liburnus.] 

Leg'horn2,  1  leg'horn:  2  leg'horn,  re.  A  province  ( 133  s,|  m  : 
pop.  140,000)  ami  Its  capital,  a  seaport  (pop.  108.600),  w  , 
Italy.    Li-vor'not  in.]. 

leg'i-blc,  1  1  lej'i-bl;  2  leg'i-bl,  a.    That  may  be  read  with 

Icg'i-bl1',  i  ease,  or  discovered  or  discerned  from  >-\  ident 
indications.  [<  L.  lego, read.]  lcg"i-l>il '!-(>,  n.  leg'- 
l-bl(e-nes.si-J.-  leg'l-bly,  adv. 

le'gion,  1  li'jmi;  2  Is'gon,  a.  A  body  of  Roman  soldiers. 
of  4,51)0  to  6,000  men,  at  dill,  rent  periods  '..  I  >ne  of 
various  othei  miliiary  organizations  oi  other  countries; 
a  military  force :  in  the  latter  sense,  usually  in  tht  pi 

3.   A   great,   number;    multitude.      4.   Zool.    A    group   of 

animals  usually  ranking  between  a  olaSS  and  an  oraei 

[OF..  <  \..icgunn-).  ■    lego, gather.]    Syn.: see  mini 

le'glon-a-ry.    I.  a     t.  Pertaining  to  a  legion     '!.  in- 
numerable.   II.  re.    A  soldier  of  a  legion. 
leg'ls-latC)  1  lej'is-let;  2  ISg'ii  lat,  vt   i   ■       I  i  i 
-i.AT"iN(i.j    1.  [U,  S  |  To  bring  about  by  legii  lation     2. 
To  make  laws.     l«'g''is-la'tioii,  n.     Enactment  o 

Syn.:  code,  eo my,  lurlsprudence   law,  pi 

is  a  system  of  /»»■.:  JurUprudenct  is  the  science  of  '"'<■.  or 
a  system  ol  laws  scientifically  considered,  olai  od,  and  Inter- 
preted; leoUlati  'i.  prlmaril]  the  act  ol  ' 
also  the  body  of  statutes  enacted  bj  n  legislative  body;  an 
economy  Is  a  bodj  of  totw  and  regulation  with  the  entire 
system,  political  or  rellglou 

they  form  a  pal  l;  i iraco,  Itonuni 

,/,  net .  Brit  i  a  legi  lotion    the  Mosad  I'l 

,,  i    i.iiou  n  also  as  the  Mo  ale 

the  English  con □  law,  or  the  <'"»  ol  nations.    I'oH 

polUela,  from  polts,  o  olty)  slgnlfles  the  form,  constitution, 
or  method  or  government  of  a  nan-  oh,  or 

oilier  insiiini  ion;  i"  "  I'l'l)  lag 

rather  to  the       lorn  I    nil      lilli  ■ i  ■  'ally 

to  the  ne  i i  of  admlnl  trat wlmln- 

Istered;  an  economy  mlghi   bo  u<i  im 

with  espi  clal  roferene 

oommoi  i     !    i  rcrenco  to  del  dl  i  oi   pnrtl 

while  polity  has  more  rofi  i 

b     i  collective  noun,  Ini  ludi     i •    poolal  lot!  .  bul 

i  he  i"  Inclples  on  «  hlch  thi 

Icg'ls-la'lh    .     .  Hon   or   to  ii 

I.  |   I   -I..'  (or.  n.     A 

lawgiver;  member  ol     Ii 
leg'ls-la"turc,   I  Icj'i 

\    body  ol    nun    .  tnpOWl  n  d    to    make    law» 


I.  I  (<r 


1.—  c l »    l-nul. 
mi    UN,  •■ 
lo-cll   l-ml»l.   I 


I.  |    u  in.  . 


rang 

wtrn 

Hull-. 

.     1     111  I- II 

i  •        iiu.  : 


..;  • 


II. 

I. 

II.  I.  I 

Iiuilir 
l.-glfl- 

l-lll    ll.    -M.    --.        .  Il-Ult"|- 

I  MIC   Willi   slip 
I 

•  ..\  •mufoo,   a, 

i.   i    i   irmi  ,.i  the 

y  ^  ^^^> 

.  '  the  Pee. 

Ii-gll  'llll- 

duclng  legumes. 


\  1- 


■;  g  Dp  nits   GottfHed  >\  llliclm.  Baron 
,,,  m  and  phllos- 

Letb-nltat-an,  Lelb-iilti  1-an-lsin, 

1     B  irl  ,.f     153  I   1588) 


'.'.  \  borough 
:  iKX). 


I  ri  di  ii. 

.     --.   . 
Ion. 

v  I  • 
I  •  In'-lrr.   | 


lei 


i 


»        »  i  •  I  i         ..  .,,,,, I. in.  I.rtrn; 

i  i  .  v  iii  i  ,.     .. ■ .  oi.  won,         I  >^ 

I  •  in    u-ri ■-.  /oiifi.    Myth 

r- 1 ■  I r 1 1 .-«  »  lu>  OOUld  mil  Iln. I  : 
Irnil.    1    |i  nd     :'   Ii  od       |iim.   ii  m.'im.  I     I.   i.'       I.I 

W  llli. .ill    OOI     : 

or,  financially,  al  a  stipulated  rati   ol  InV  I 

.i  iii-.Ii.  afford,  ..r  pr..\  i,|,  . 
I  hi  al  anoi '  II.  n 

I  ...     ,  loan,  or  I"-  in  thi   I  •  loan ■ 

i,  n. i  • , .        lend  'int.- .       i 

\  thing  lent  or  borrowed:  ■  loan;  be i,  an  adjunct 

ol  making  •  la 
ir'nr.  i  ii  in  i  ..ii.  unasplrated    ll. 

i  mooth  una  ■  ■■  I.         Oram. 

■  n,  m,  iii  breathing,  Indicating  the  abai  nee  of  the  A 
mooth  I 
i.  n.  • .   .-     i ..  lend:  grant 
leng'ert,  leng'eatt, 

length,  1  tenth;  2  ICngth,  'i      I.  Exl  end  i" 

i  ml;  tin-  greatest  dimension  of  a  I  '. 

line  ir.iin  end  to  end     8.  I 

being  long     4.  Extent  in  point  ol  t •».  \  -i  ■ 

understood   distance;    •    thii i    known   extent       6, 

h,  extent     7.  Oram,  & 
Quantity  .  the  quality  ol  ■  vowel  aa  bi  ing  lout'  ><r  short, 

tea  or  unai nted.    |<  A8  length,  <  lang,  long  1 

.it  length.    I.  titer  an  Interval  ol  expectation;  Bnallj .  al 
Iuhi.    'I.  At  full  length;  without  omission  or  contraction 

Syn.:  ;ii  last      The  i«"  prepositional  phrases  at  '■ 
at  length  uro  quite  distinct  In  meaning  and  are  Dot,  In  strict 
Interchangeable  ptJon   that   at  length 

means  the  same  as  at  .'<;  /.  and  la  therefore  superfluou 
error,    Both  "/  length  and  al  la  i  presuppose  long  w 
but  at  last  virus  n  bal  cornea  after  the  waiting 
nt  hnjtti  \\,-.\  with  reference  i < >  action  or 

ontlnues,  or  to  results  thai  are  yet  to  follow;  .-is. 
"i  have  Invited  him  often,  and  at  length  he  la  coming;"  "i 
have  Invited  him  often,  and  at  last  be  baa  comi 
he  began  to  recover;"  "At  -  I  h  ■  died  "  "  l<  la  I  he  con- 
cluded"  la  correct .  but  "At  last  he  began"  would  seem  some- 
what grotesque  The  distinction  appears  clearly  In  the  two 
following  quotations  from  MUton:  "Scarce  thus  at  length 
tailed  speech  recovered  sad."  P.L.  ok  Iv,  L867.  "O,  then, 
of  but  relent."  P.  L.  bk.  Iv,  L  79  length 'wise,  ads.  In  a 
longitudinal  direction,  length 'ways),  length 'y,  a. 
[Li  nqth'i-er;  lkngth'i-bbt.]  Having  length;  unduly  long. 
—  length 'l-l>  .  ads.  — length 'l-ii. 
length'en,  1  I.  ijth'n;  2  lehgth'i  To  make  or 

grow  longer;  draw  out,  as  in  pronunciation;  extend  the 
duration  of;  protract.     Syn.:  sec  PBOTBAi  i    jtbi  m  BE, 
le'nl-eiit,  1  llni-ent  or  Un'yent;2  I6'ni-eht  or  leh'yeht,  a. 
Not  severe;  inclined  to  clemency;  merciful;  mild.    [< 
L.  lento,  soothe,  <  lento,  soft.]    Syn.:  see  charitable). 
— le'ni-i-n-ry,  n.   Mildness;  lenity,    le'nl-enee}.   Syn.: 

see  LENITY;    IfKBCT;     PATIBNCB.      le'ni-ciit-l) ,    0       len'l- 

ih  .r,  I.  a.  Having  the  power  or  tendency  to  alia]  pain 
or  mitigate  siiflcrlrm.  II.  n.  I.  Med.  d  A.  soothing  appli- 
cation. (J)  a  laxative.  2.  Anything  that  tends  to  soothe 
mi-mi  ,.r  mitigate  pain  len'l-ty,  n  The  state  or 
quality  of  being  lenient  Syn.:  clemency,  forbearance, 
gentli  -.  leniency,  mercy,   mlldni 

BCT. —  Ant.:  cruelty,  harshness,  rigor,  severity. 

Le-iilne',  1  li-nln':  2  le-nln',  Nikolai  Vladimir  I'lyanoff 
<is:o       ).  Russian  revol  der  of  the  Bolsbevlkl 

lens,  1  lens;  2  IBng,  n  L  A  piece  of  glasa  or  other  trans- 
parent substance,  bounded  by  two  surfaces,  of  different 
curvature,  generally  spherical,  or  by  "in- 

rn-al   or  curveil,  ami  One    plani 

face,  by  which  ray-  of  light  may  be  made 
inverge  or  to  diverge.    Z.  Any  device 
fur  concentrating  or  dispersing  radiation  4      «  </  .  / 

by    refraction.     •'!.    A  ntU       A    biconvex-  

transparent    body  situated    behind    the  Cross^ons 
ins  of  the  eye.    [<  L.  (ens,  lentil.]  Forms  of 

lent,  1  lent;  2  lent.  imp.  &  pp.  of  u.:.n 

Lent,  n.      A  fast  ol  I'.n-.  daya  (excluding    vatau  tnw  m 
Sundays),   observed   annually,  from  Asnia  •• 
Wednesday  till  Easter,  by  the  Anglican,  «b«»t«  m«ni»cu»; 
Roman  Catholic,  and  other  churches,  as  r' ';,",'   ', 
a  season  of  penitence  and  self-denial,    [<• 
LENTEN] — lent'en,  a.    [1- or  I.-]   Pertaining  «.  »jM**^™"*;  f' 
to  Lent;  plain:  spar,-:  meager;  also,  cold  or  S^*"™™  "* 
chary.    [<   '•  law,  long.] 

Icn-tlc'ii-lar,  l  len-tik'yu-lar;  2  I8n-tle'yu-lar,  a.     Re- 
ling  a  double»convex  1< •  u  - .  shaped  like  a  lentil. 
[^  L.lentteula,  ■    len  .lentil.]    len'tl-formt. 

leri'til,  1  l.-n'til;2  len'til,  n.    1.  An  Old  World  leguminoua 
plant  with  paie'blue  flowers  and  broad  pods  conl 
edible  seeds;  also,  the  seed  itself.  "'.  A  lens^shaped  bulb 
in  an  apparatus  for  rectifying  alcohol.     [<  F.  lentille, 

!l'en"voy':. 

l'en"TOl',  1  lon'vwfi';  2  laft'vwi'  [Ol  J 


nt  aml'iiv,-:  -•     Meg 

fr.,i,  ri.  k    Lord      -  n-1896). 

ll  •-!>'. 

i     [re- 

Ip'llg,  -sik:  2  np'slH  OT  (Eng  )  -slk.  n. 

I,  1813 
I 
II.       1.  Fn  edom 
.'.  Time  avail- 

"■.   < 
lei 'sore- 
slow       II.  (air.     At 

I.  I'-ur.-ll-ii- 

turing  and  commercial  sea- 
-    ,000. 
I  Sir  Peter  -     -  -  ■       \  l 'utch-Engllsh 

rles  II 
l»-'ni«n*.  I  n*l  ■••■' heart;  mistress.    [< 

lein  'man- 
l.e'inan.  l    .  ■  I  the.  ■   I  ll  ■-!  '.  \.  I   \K1 

I.  inli.rir.  .1    'i       A  fortliliil  manufac- 

■  ed  by 
and  Germans, 

Irm'mi,  -,      1.  A  subject  or  theme  ;. 

•      ■  idlan  proposi- 

tion .  ilemonslratlng  another  one, 

•    true.      [I...    <    Gr. 
--.'-..         •     --'taken,  -    UxmbanO.  take.] 
|.  in  'mlii*-.  -  .1  sniall  Arctic 

-w.) 
I.,  in    ii..-. 

lem   .Hi. 

.•  lemon; 
.'. 

It-Ill  'oil. 

. 

■  Hmun, 
lemon        |em"oii- 
A    dnnk    of     hn. 
'   and  sugar, 
le'niur.  J  ;<"'rnur, 

mammal  re- 
lated   • 
Lemur 

tumal.  wr  •  -    ui'l  are  of  about  the 

stxe  of  a  ca-  Madagascar.    [^  L. 

ret.  ghosts,  j    lem'o-rloe,       lem'o-roMt. 


1: a  =  final;    i=hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cllin;    go;    D  =  sino;    thin,    this.  letllst 

459  2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    tliin,    tins.  letter 


Le'o1,  1  H'o;  2  le'o,  n.  The  fifth  sign  of  the  zodiac:  also,  a  con- 
stellation in  the  sign  Virgo.    See  constellation. 

Le'o2,  n.  1.  One  ol  13  popes;  especially  (1)  L.  I.,  Saint,  the 
Great  (3907-461).  (2)  L.  III.,  Saint  (750?-816) ;  crowned 
Charlemagne  as  emperor.  (3)  L.  X.,  Giovanni  de'  Medici 
(1475-1521):  patron  of  the  Renaissance.  (4)  L.  XIII., 
Glnaccnino  Pecci  (1810-1903);  opponent  of  socialism  and 
communism.  2.  One  of  6  emperors  of  the  East;  especially 
L.  III.,  Flavius,  the  Isaurian  (6757-741);  defeated  Sar- 
acens at  Constantinople  (719).  _ 

Le'on,  1  li'en:  2  le'on  (Sp.  1  le-on';  2  le-6n'),  n.  1.  A  town 
(pop.  63.000)  in  central  Mexico.  2.  A  former  kingdom  of 
X.  \V.  Spain.  3.  A  province  (5.936  sq.  m.;  pop.  396,000)  in 
N.  W.  Spain,  part  of  the  former  kingdom;  also,  its  capital 
(pop.  17,000).     4.  A  town  in  W.  Nicaragua;  pop.  63,000. 

Le-on '1-das,  1  U-en'i-das;  2  le-on'i-das,  n.  One  of  two  kings  of 
Sparta,  esp.,  L.  I.  (       -480  B.  C),  killed  at  Thermopylae. 

le'o-nin(es,  1  U'o-nin;  2  le'o-nin,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or 
like  a  lion;  fierce;  powerful;  majestic.  1.  Pros.  Desig- 
nating a  medieval  rimed  Latin  verse,  also  English  verse 
in  which  the  final  syllable  of  a  line  rimes  with  one  in  the 
middle.  3.  [L-]  Belonging  or  relating  to  a  pope  called 
Leo.     [  <  F.  leonin,   <  L.  leoninus,  <  leo,  lion.] 

leop'ard,  1  1  lep'ard;  2  lep'ard,  n.    1.  A  ferocious  carniv- 

lep'ardp,  J  orous,  cat-like  mammal,  of  Asia  and  Africa, 
of  a  pale=fawn  color, 
spotted  with  dark  brown 
or  black.  2.  Some  simi- 
lar cat=like  animal,  as  the 
American  jaguar.  [< 
Gr.L+OF  lean,  Hon,  +  par- 
dos,  pard.] 

Le"o-par'di,  1  le'o-pflr'di; 
2  le"o-par'di.  Giacomo, 
Count  (1798-1837).  An 
Italian  lyric  poet  and 
prose*  writer. 

Le'o-pold,  1  H'o-pold;  2  le'o-pold,  n.  1.  L.  I.  (1640-1705), 
"the  Great,"  emperor  of  Germany;  king  of  Hungary  and 
Bohemia;  defeated  the  Turks  and  the  French.  2.  L.  II. 
(1747-1792),  emperor  of  Germany:  king  of  Hungary.  3. 
L.  Ii.  (1835-1909),  a  king  of  the  Belgians. 

Le-pan'to,  1  h-pan'to;  2  le-pan'to,  n.  1.  A  seaport  in  Greece, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Gulf  of  Corinth:  near  here  the  Italian 
and  Spanish  fleets  broke  the  power  of  the  Turks,  Oct.  7, 
1571.    2.  Gulf  of,  see  Corinth,  Gulf  of. 

lep'er,  1  lep'ar;  2  lep'er,  n.  One  afflicted  with  leprosy. 
[<  Gr.  lepra.  <  lepo,  peel.]—  lep-rol'o-gy,  n.  The  branch 
of  medicine  that  treats  of  leprosy.— lep'ro-sy,  n.  A  chronic 
skin*disease  with  ulcerous  spots  and  scaling  off  of  dead  tis- 
sue.—lep'rous,  a.  Pathol.  1.  Affected  with  leprosy;  un- 
clean. 2.  Scale=like:  covered  with  scales,  lep'cr-oust.— 
lep'rous-ly,  adv. — lep'rous-ness,  n. 

I,ep"i-dop'ter-a,  1  lep"i-dep'tar-a;  2  lep"i-dopVr-.i,  n. 
pi.  Entom.  An  order  of  insects  having  four  wings  cov- 
ered with  minute  scales  and  always  undergoing  a  com- 
plete metamorphosis  through  egg,  caterpillar,  pupa,  and 
imago  stages;  butterflies  and  moths.  [<  Gr.  Icpis 
(lepid-),  a  scale,  +  pteron,  wing.]— lep"i-dop'ter,  n.  lep"- 
i-dop'ter-ant-  — Iep"l-dop'ter-ous,  a. 

Lep'i-dus,  1  lep'i-dus; 2 lep'i-dus,  M.  Kmillus  (  -A.  I).  13). 
A  Roman  triumvir  with  Antony  and  Octavius  (Augustus). 

lep'o-rin(e3,  1  lep'o-rln  or  -rain;  2  lep'o-rin  or  -rln,  n.  1. 
Hare=like.  2.  Pertaining  to  hares,  etc  [  <  L.  leporinus,  < 
It  pus  (lepor-).  hare.] 

Le  Pre'trc,  1  la  prft'tr;  2  le  pre'tr.  A  wooded  region  in  the  Ar- 
gonne,  France;  scene  of  severe  lighting  between  French  and 
Germans,  1914-1915. 

I  ere  ||,  1  llr;  2  ler,  n.    Learning;  lore. 

Ler'l-da,  1  ler'i-da  or  (Sp.)  le'ri-tha;  2  ler'i-da  or  (Sp  >  Ifi'rl- 
tha,  n.  1.  Spanish  province;  4,690  sq.  m.;  pop.  288.189. 
2.  A   town  In  N.  E.  Spain;  pop.  2:'.. 

Ler"iiioii-tof,  1  lyer"mon-tof;  2  lyer»mon-tOf'.  Mikhail 
Yarevich  (1814    1841).     A  Russian  poet  and  novelist. 

Lc-roy'=Beau"lieu\  1  l8-rwu'°bo"ly0';  2  le-rwii'-bo'lyu'. 
Anatolc  Henri  (1842-1912).     A  French  art-historian. 

Lc-sage',  1  Lb-bos':  2  le-sazh',  Alain  Rene  (1668  1747).  A 
trench  novelist  and  dramatist;  (,'il  Mas. 

Leg 'bos,  I  lez'bes;  21ea'b6s, «.   Theancienl  name  of  tin- island 

of  Mltylene,  iEgcansea;  birthplace  of  Sappho. 
Iese"'maj'es-ty,  l  liz"«maj'es-ti;  2  IBa"«mai'ee-tjr,  n.    Any 

crime  against  or  insult  offered  to  the  sovereign  po*""  ■  ■  '"■■■ 
son.    [<  F.  Use-majesti,  <  L.lsesa.tem   pp  of  Ucdo,  hurt,  + 

in a  l,    la:;,  MAJESTY.]      h'/A'"tinaJ  '«'S-t  >  t- 

le'sion,  1  li'vm;  2  iS'zhon,  n.  A  hurt;  loss;  injury:  (I) 
Med.  Any  n  mil  .i(  I  change  in  function  oi  tructure  of  an 
organ  or  tissue.  (2)  Civ. Law  Theinjury  suffered  by  a 
party  to  a  contracl  who  does  not  gel  an  equivalent  for 
whathe  gives.    |  <  I.  '  Uesio(n  I,  •    leedo,  hui  I  ! 

Les  Ml"se"ra'hlcs,  1  le  nn"/<    :i  i  i    3  li     Bl     B"rK'bl. 
of  Parisian  life,  by  victor  Hugo  (1862) 

less.  1  lea;  2  ISs.    I.  a.    [least,    uperl  |   I.  Smaller, 


A  novel 


capacity;  not  so  large  or  much.  2.  Of  slighter  conse- 
quence; inferior.  3  .  Of  smaller  size.  D.  adv.  In  an  in- 
ferior degree;  not  bo  much.     (  <  AS.  his.  Uessa,  less.) 

-less,  suffix.  A  termination  expressing  deprlvatU r  destitu- 
tion, often  equivalent  to  "without";  as.  harm  i  \- 
-leas,  <  leas,  loose.) 

less-ee',  1  les-I';  2  IPs-e',  n.  One  to  whom  a  lease  is 
granted;  one  holding  property  by  lease.  [  <  OF.  lesst, 
pp.  of  lesser,  let.] 

less'en,  1  les'u;  2  les'n,  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  less;  diminish; 
lower;  shrink.  Syn.:  see  abate;  allay;  alleviate;  IllPAnt; 
retrench. — less'en-er,  n. 

Les"seps',  1  le"seps';2  le'scps',  Ferdinand  de.  Count  1 1805 
1S94).    A  French  engineer;  built  the  Sue/,  canal,  and  pro- 
jected the  Panama  canal.  1869. 

less 'er ||,  1  les'ar;  2  Ifis'er,  a.  Less;  smaller;  inferior. — 
Lesser  Bear  (Astron.),  Ursa  Minor.  See  CONSTELLATION; 
tjrsa. — L.  Dog  (Astron.),  Canls  Miner.  See  constella- 
tion; tjrsa.  I  a  <  ierman  poet  and  critic, 

Les'sing,  1  Ies'irj:  2  ISs'ing,  Cot  (hold  Ephraim  (1729    1781 

les'son,  1  les'n;  2  les'n,  n.  1.  A  specific  exercise  to  be 
learned  or  recited  at  one  time;  task  assigned  by  a 
teacher.  %.  Instruction;  an  instance  of  instruction;  in 
the  plural,  a  course  of  instruction.  8,  A  set  portion  ol 
any  work,  as  of  Scripture,  suitable  for  reading  at  one 
time.  4.  Knowledge  gained,  as  by  experience  5.  A 
reprimand;  lecture.  |<  F.  lecon,  <  L.  lectio(n-),  a 
reading,  <  lego,  read]     Syn.:  see  task. 

les'sor,  1  les'ar;  2  les'or,  n      <  >ne  who  grants  a  li 
demises  a  property.    t»  > I- . .  <  lesser; see  LES8E1   1 

lest,  conj.  In  order  that  .  .  .  not;  for  fear  that.  [<  AS. 
thy  lies  the,  the  less  that.] 

let1,  1  let;  2  let,  vt.  &.  vi.  |let;  let'tino]  1.  To  suffer; 
permit;  give  leave  to:  used  a-  an  auxiliary  followed  by 

an  infinitive  (with  to  omitted)  forming  an  imperative 

phrase  of  the  first  or  third  person;  as,  h  t  me  see;  let  him 
come.  2.  To  hire;  rent;  be  leased  or  hired.  [<  AS. 
Isetan.  let.]     Syn.:  see  allow;  permit. 

— let'ter1,  /;.     <  )ne  who  lets,  sulfers.  or  permits. 
Iet2||,  v.    [let  or  LET'TED*;  let'tino]    I.  I.    To  hinder  or  im- 
pede in  doing;  obstruct;  oppose;  retard.     lit.  1      1,  To  be  In 

the  wav;  hinder.  2.  To  leave  off;  stop  :s.  To  hesitate;  de- 
lay.  [<  AS.  leUan,  <  1st,  slow.]   lati ;  Iettet. 

let,  n.    That  which  hinders;  an  obstacle, 

•let,  suffix.    A  termination  forming  diminutives  from  French 
and  English  nouns:  ;us.  glmZef,  tablet.     I  ■_  OF.  Ut.  AtUt,   ■ 
dim.-rt  (<  L.  -til us)  +  -ct.) 

letch',  v.  A  n.    Same  as  leach,     letch 'y,  u      I.cachy. 

le'thal,  1  li'fLol;  2  le'thal,  o,  Causing  death;  deadly; 
fatal.    [<  L.  lethalis,  <  lethum,  pro].,  letum,  death  | 

Ieth'ar-gy,  1  leth'er-ji;  2  leth'ar-gy,  n     [-oieb",  pi )    1, 

A  state  of  morbid  and  prolonged   Bleep;  stupor,     2.    \ 
state  of  inaction,  indifference,  "i  dulness;  apathj      :t. 
Complete  repose  or  torpor      I       (;''    lithargta,  drowsi 
ness.]   Syn.:  see  apathy:  stii'ok      le-thar'glc,  a     Pertain 
ing  to  lethargy;  drowsy;  stupefying.      Ic-thar'gl-cal:. 
leth'ar-glze,  vt.     To  make  lethargic      leth'ar-glse}. 
Le'the,  lH'fhi;2le'the.  n.    Or  Myth.    The  stream  of  Ob 
in  the  lower  world,  B  drink  of  whose  water  brought   ' 

fulness.— Le- the 'an,  a 
le-thlf'er-ous,  1  h-thlfer-us   2  le  thlf'er  us.  a.    1.  Ind 

sleep.    2t.  Deadly;  lethal     !      L  letum  d(  nth 
let'ter*,  llet'er;  2  let'er     I.  vt     To  in  upon 

DF..n.    1.  A  mark  or  charaoter  used  to  represent 

or  articulation  of  human  speech;  a  character  ol   thi 

alphabet  ;  also,  a   type  U'.'inn; '-'•    \ 

written  or  printed  communication;  epistle;  ccrtil 
often  in  the  plural,    :i.  The  literal  or  exact  n.. ... 
requirement  of  thewordsused    4.  pJ     I  iterarj  oulturi  . 
learning.    |<  L.'littera  | 
Syn.:  character,  emblem,   mark,  sign,   symbol    IW"- 

day  letter,  b  telegri communication  bpiii  In  thi 

time  at  a  reduced  rate,    ubject  to  n "  il  '■  ol  delaj 

—1.  of  marque,  I.  »f  marque I  reprisal mi 

issued  hv  a  government  authorizing  a  private  peratta  to  >>ti 
the  property  of  a  foreign  state,  oi  t 

BS  redress  for  lulu.  i.                             id  BttlllnB  UWl 
mission       let'ter:! k".  n     \ kin  which  li 

of  letters  are  kept      I.  carrier,  n      \  posi 

ries  and  delivers  letters     1.  casd         »  r»i 

desk     l.-iirop.  n      \  ilot  through  wi 

dropped,  as  Into  a  posuofneo  or  po  let  lerea,       I 

Versed  in  letters;  learned;  literary;  cultured      •'■  In 

or  marked  with  letters     I.  Ble,  niln« 

letters,    (.•founder,  n     \  typc-foundei      I.  t li 

Thecastina  ol  tj (onU      I.  foundry,  ■   when 

tvne-font    ure  en  I      I.  head,         \  printed  i Una  at  th« 

ton  of  :,  Bheet  of  letK  '  •■'   lli:''   '"' 

a  beading     let'ter-lng,   n       U lleci    i        an   In 

srrlptlon       l,.Offlce,n      A    met       bl    IT   press         I 

a     printed  from  type,  a   dl  Hi i  from  mallei  prl 


it  t  trrcram 

Hi  i  in  late 


> 


It,  police;  B    ont.or;  full,  rOV;  but,  bftr&i 

.  ail;  i  I  iii  i  .,,,,>',  u(n,,    4G0 


.    ,    ■'    i|M(rhrxl 
I 

l<ll    PO    ill.. 

round 
h  ii  - 


l<— «»nl    .  .'iip;  ;il. 

I  «  -i  ml    .  I  .  .ml    ( In- 

■■ 

Ic-vaul   .  r. 
I.  -i  mi   111  .    ,    I.         I.  Pi      lining  tn 
5.     I"  rig    In    tin-    .].■- 

II  I .    \ 

UTOpcan 
Ik  fabric. 

RES.  ]   -  t  .", '  r  i 

1  . 

ill  in  trephining.    |i... 

[U.  8  ]    I. 
-.  erflow. 

:t.  A  wharf.     1  •     i 

bly,  as  .-it  the 
•  if.      '!.   \  general 
.i  any  hour.    [  <  I 

I.  \   .  I.  ■  -  -  •  ■  ■.  '..  :  :  I  !.,  I  i  \  '- 

:  im.  ]     I.  (.     1.  To  make 

i-il  plane,    -l. 

.t  :i n  object      I .  ice  to  a 

."i.  i  equal 

ii.   .     adapt,  adjust*  <>r  propor- 

7.  ■  '.it  with  ii  leveling* 

■     II.       I. To  aim  a  weap- 

ntal   line;  hence,  to  take  aim; 

. i rttr  iii-innii'  nt. 

Ici  i  I.  I.  1  even  surface;  without 

'.'.  ■     ■  forming 

iping.     .'I.  Being  in  the 

I.  I  qua!  to 

S.  ing  in  a  direct  line; 

ii.    ( !olloq  ]  Well  bal- 

7.  s. 

esto  the  line 
ii  ujion  it  ca  - 

smooth.     We 

'  road,  ;i  plain 

Th»'  nd  that  which 

ma>  •  ■-    rough:  a  slope  may 

■  • 

IlilltlllU'. 

horizon;  level  to  one'H 
Ii  i    •  l-lj  .  lei    i  l-in  -    . 

lei  il.         I .  wholly  ut  right  ai 

lurface, 
itely  horisont 

■  i  In  hi'; 
as,  f  1.  Is,  education, 

■">.  I. 

for  adjusting 
■  .!  in."  or  plane.     [  <  <  'I 
•     I. 
1*1   il.  I .  '  raight. 

I.  i     ■   who  or  that 

'.'.  ■■'•i-il  distinc- 

ilitical 
raping* 
■ 

lei  V|-I<r   . 
-i  tig,   n      1.    .  uneven  surfaces  to 


■  l;  henoe,  the  reduction  of  unequal  ranks  oi  bob* 
ditiona  to  a  common  Ii  '  rveying,  the  opera- 

tion ing  the  < ■ .  1 1 1 1 1 >  1 1 : 1 1 1 \  ■■  lo> ' 

pi'iiii  lei  i  i-iiiini. 

i,  \  .  i  . 

■  ■  nigh  I  bar,  t  urning 
i  fixed  point  nr  fulorum, 


- 


r  H  i 
hence,  I i »-•  1 1  t- : i « ively,  any  mean 
crting   •  (Teeth  ••    power,       I        I 

lifter.]  lei  'er-age,  n  I. 
The  mechanical  advantage  gained  b] 
u^'  nf  :i   levi  itlvelj .   in 

i  power  nr  advant 
arrangement  bi  which  the  power  of  a  lever  Is  Inores  ed  or 
•  ,1 
1 1-  ht,  i  h •■.  r  2  le'vcr,  Charles  James  (1806  intj*.    An 

Irisii  novelist ;  f.'harU  i  O'MaUey. 
\v\  Yr-et.    1    .  I .  \    |    lung   01    half- 

n  n  bare.    [<  Ol  •■•  .  hare  1 

i  .  \  i  r'riir '.  i  Is  vaT*yB':  2  le  v8r*ye'i  Orbaln  Jean  Joseph 
- 1  — .11  i  •>?  7  \  i  i.  mil  astronomer  who  calculated  thi 
position  "f  the  planet  Neptune  In  thoskj  Aug  31,  1846 

Le'rl,  l  li'vol; 2  i>'\i.  ".    The  third  i  on  ol  Jacob,  or  the  tribe 

ided  from  him.  which  Included  the  priests,  and  <>f 

which  ail  the  members  were  priestly  attendants,     Le'rlte, 

a.     Le-rltl-cal,  a.   Script.   Pertaining  to  the  Levltes  or  to 

the  i k  of  U      i         Le-vll  'let. 

le\  l-a-bl  I',  l  lev'j-e-bl;  2  lev'1-a-bl,  a.  1.  That  ma)  in- 
to led  upon  oi  i  bat  may  be  levied. 

Ie-\i  'a-than,  l  li-\ui'..-ii  than,  n.    1.  ^ large 

aquatic  but  unidentified  animal  mentioned  in  the  Scrip- 
tures,   '£.  Any  large  animal;  Bomethi 
ii.  i 

lc\ 'l-gate.   1    I  lev'1-gSt,  il.     I-i;  \'i"i.H'i;  -hm'im;] 

To  reduce  to  a  fine  powder,  as  by  grinding.    I  ■    L.  let  U/atus, 

pp  .  In  *l-gS  'lion,  ii. 

lt->  'in.  1  liv'in: :.'  iiv'iii,  n,  [Arobalo  or  poi  I  I.  i  Ehtnlng. 
St.  The  ma's  rays  leav'ent;  lev'en}.  lei  'ln«brand"T, 
ii.    A  flash  of  lightning,    lei 'ln  =  in>lt"t. 

lei  'l-tate,  1  Ii  Vi  I,  i    21  >i  u'ni'';-rir'iNi;.]    I.J. 

'I'u  render  liuht  or  buoyant.    II.  '.    To  rise  or  move  because 
of  lightness  or  levity.    [<  L.  letrila(t-)s;  see  levity.]    Ic\"i- 

ta'tloil,  n.    The  act  Ol  making  light. 

la-\lt'l-eus,  l  h-vlt'i-kuB;  2  le-vH'l-eus,  n.    Bib.   The  third 

boot  of  the  i  »ld  Testament,  containing  ceremonial  laws 
lev 'My,  1  lr\'i-ti;  L'  leVi-ty,  n,     1.  Lightne     oi  humor 
or  temperament;  frivolity;  flippat  '.'.    I  hi     tate  oi 

being  lit'lit;  especially,  the  quality  ol  relative  lightne  - 
light.] 
Syn.:  Qlghtlness,  frivolity,  giddiness,  Inconstancy,  llght- 
'     ■  '  ni'.ss,  gravity, 

serlo  liness,  thoughtfulness, 

le'io-,  1  U'vo-;  2  M/vo-.  From  Latin  tern  ,  left:  a  combining 
form  le"vo-gj  'rate.  a.  Turning  the  plane  of  polarization 
to  the  lift.  le"vo-gy  'rous; ;  le"io-ro'ta-to-r>  ;.  lc"io- 
gv-ra'tlon,  n.  le"M>-ro-ta'llon,  ;/.  Lift -haiuliil  or 
counter  clock 

lev'Fi    1    liv'i;  2  Irv'y,   it.      [LEV'lED;   LEV'y-INQ.]      1.  To 

I  by  compulsion;  collect  by  legal  authority;  make 
a  levj      .'.   i         il  <mt  by  governmental  authority,  as 

lev'y,  n.  [lev'ies*,  /</  )  1.  The  ad  of  levying  or  collect- 
ing compulsorily,  'I.  That  which  is  levied,  as  money  or 
trni>|i  li 

lewd,  1  liud;2  lOd,  a,  Characterized  by  lust;  lustful;  car- 
nal; licentious.    (<  AS.  uitrid,  lay.l    Syn„- see immoi 

Ifviii'iy,  mil.    lewd'ness,  n.    lewd'stert,  n.   A  lewd 
person. 
Liu  'es,  I  Ufl'es;  2  lll'es,  n.   L  George  Henry  (1817  1878), an 
Engl  I  ii  philosopher   and  critic     '■■    \    borough   In   8.   E. 
Ii  Montfort  defeated  Henry  in  ,  1264 
lew'181,  1  liQ'is;  L!  I i"i ' i - .  a.    A  dovetailed  tenon  made  in 
■  I  iiart'-  and  inserted  into  a  corresponding  mi 
in  a  heavy  Btone,  for  the  purpose  of  attaching  an  appa- 
ratus for  hoisting    lew  'li-sonj. 
Lewis  .  Meriwether  (1774  1800).     An  American  explorer; 
with  William  Clark  ascended  the  Missouri  and, crossing  to 
the  Columbia  river,  reached  the  Pacific,  demonstrating  the 
trwesl    1803-1 806). 
lex,  1  leks;  2  ifiks,  n.    Ii.k'ok.h,  ]  ll'jlz;  2  le^gCs,  pi.]    i.iiH':  used 

in  numerous  Latin  phrases.    Bee  Fobbion  Pebaskb.    [i.  ] 
Lei.,  niihr.     Lexicon.-   lexleoR.,  ablff.     Lexicographer,  lexi- 
cography, 
lex  'l-cal,  1  lcks'i-kal;  2  leks'l-cal,  a.    1.  Relating  to  the  words 


1:8=  final;    I  =  hablt^   aisle;    an  =  out;    oil;    10  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    0  =  sinff;    fhin,   this,  lettergram 
461    2:  wQlf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.       lit  fli(i;i t<- 


of  a  language  in  distinction  from  grammatical  construction. 
2.  Pertaining  to  a  lexicon  or  to  lexicography. 

les"i-cog'ra-puy, )  1  leks"i-keg're-fi;  2  leks"i-eog'ra-fy. 

lex"i-COg'ra-fyp»  )  n.  The  art  or  process  of  compiling 
dictionaries.  [<  lexicon  -\ — graph.] — lex"i-cog'ra- 
pher,  n. — Iex"I-co-graph'Ic  or  -1-oal,  a. — leVI-ool 'o-gy, 
1  leks'i-ksl'o-ii:  2  leks"i-col'o-gy,  n.  The  science  of  the 
study  of  words  of  a  language.    [<  lexicon  +  -LOGr.] 

lex'i-con,  1  leks'i-ken;  2  leks'i-eon,  n.  An  alphabetically 
arranged  book  setting  forth  the  meanings  and  etj  mol- 
ogy  of  the  words  of  a  language;  a  dictionary,  as  of  Latin 
or  Greek.    [  <  Gr.  hxikon,  neut.  of  lexikos,  of  words.] 

Lex'ing-ton,  1  leks'in-tan;  2  leks'ing-ton,  n.  1.  A  town  in 
N.  E.  Masschusetts;  scene  of  first  armed  resistance  to  the 
British  in  the  American  Revolution,  April  19,  1775.  2.  A 
town  in  W.  Missouri;  taken  by  Confederates,  Sept.  20, 1861. 

Ley 'den,  1  lai'den;  2  li'den,  n.  A  manufacturing  and  univer- 
sity city  (pop.  59,000)  of  southern  Holland;  repelled  Span- 
iards in  memorable  siege,  1573-1574.  Lei'dent. — Ley 'don 
jar.    See  jar,  re.    Ley'den  vi'alj. 

ley 'serf.  re.    Leisure. 

Le-zajsk',  1  le-3aisk';  2  le-zhisk',  re.  A  town  in  N.  Galicia, 
Austria;  occupied  by  Russia,  1914. 

L.G.,u66r.  Life  Guards,  Low  German. — l.h.,abbr.  Left  hand. 

Lha'sa,  71.    SameasLASSA.    Lhas'saf. 

L.  II.  D.,  abbr.  [L.]  Liltcrarum.  Humaniorum  Doctor  (Doctor  of 
the  more  humane  letters,  i.  e.  the  humanities). 

L.  I.,  abbr.    Light  Infantry,  Long  Island. — LI.,  abbr.    Lithium. 

Ii'a-bl(ep,  1  lai'a-bl;  2  li'a-bl,  a.  1.  Exposed,  as  to  dam- 
age, penalty,  expense,  burden,  etc.  2.  ,1  ustly  or  legally 
responsible.  3.  Having  a  tendency,  inclination,  or  like- 
lihood; likely:  with  unfavorable  sense.  4f.  Suitable. 
5f«  Subject  or  subordinate.  [  <  F.  Her,  <  L.  ligo,  bind.] 
Syn.:  see  likely;  subject. — li"a-bll'i-ty,  re.  1.  The 
state  of  being  liable  or  exposed,  as  to  accident,  injury,  etc. 

2.  The  state  of  being  responsible  or  answerable;  also,  that 
for  which  one  is  liable,  as  a  debt,    li'a-bl (e-iiess1'^. 

li"ai"son',  1  H"e"zeh';  2  li"a"§6h',  re.  1.  An  illicit  intimacy 
between  two  persons  of  opposite  sex;  intrigue.  2.  A  bond  or 
union,  as  something  introduced  in  a  dish  to  combine  the  in- 
gredients.   [F.,  <  \J.Ugatio(n-),  <  ligo.  bind.l 

li-an'a,  )  1  h-an'a,  IV'ah'  or  h-en':  2  li-an'a,  11*24'  or  11-ftn',  » 

U-ane',  S  A  twining  or  climbing  plant  of  a  tropical  forest,  with 
woody,  rope»liie  stems.  [<F.  liane,  <  Her,  <  L.  ligo,  bind.] 

Ll-ao"tung',  1  h~-au"turj';  2  li-ou"tung',  re.  A  peninsula  be- 
tween the  gulfs  of  Liaotung  and  Chosen  (Korea);  leased  by 
Japan  from  China. 

li'ar,  1  lai'or;  2  li'ar,  n.  One  who  utters  falsehood,  or  is 
given  to  lying.  (cent).     [OF.l 

ll-ard',    1  li-ur';  2  li-iir',  re.     A  former  French  coin  (value  % 

LI 'as,  1  lai'os;  2  li'as.  re.  Geol.  The  lowest  of  the  series  com- 
prised in  the  Jurassic  system  of  strata  of  Europe. 

Lib.,  abbr.    Librarian,  library. —  lib.,  abbr.    II..]    Liber  (book). 

li-ba'tion,  llai-be'shan;2  ll-ba'shon,  n.  1.  Liquid  poured 
out,  as  in  honor  of  a  deity;  also,  the  act  of  so  pouring 
liquid.  2.  [Humorous.]  A  drinking;  potation.  [F.,  <  L. 
Uhniiii(ii-).  <  llbo,  pour.| 

Ll'bau,  l  U'bau;  2  li'bou,  n.  A  seaport  in  n.  W.  Russia;  pop. 
90.750;  occupied  by  the  Germans  May  .S,  1915.   Li"ba'vaJ. 

li-bcc'cio,  1  H-bet'cho;  2  l'i-bet'cho,  re.    The  southwest  wind. 

li'bel,  1  lai'bel;  2  li'bel.  I.  vt.  [li'beleo  or  li'belled, 
li'beld8;  li'bel-ing.  or  h'hel-ling.]  1.  To  publish  a 
libel  concerning;  defame.  'I.  To  bring  suit  against  (a 
Ship  or  cargo).    Syn.:  see  ASPERSE. 

II.  n.  1.  Anything  tending  to  degrade  or  asperse 
character  or  reputation.  %.  Law.  (1)  Slander  written 
and  published.  (2)  A  false  publication  darn  aging  In 
property  or  business.  (3)  The  written  allegation  oi  the 
plaintiff  in  a  suil  before  a  court  'if  admiralty  or  an  eccle- 
siastical court  (4)  The  original  declaration  in  an  action. 
3f.  A  declaration,  certificate,  or  writing.  [OF.,  < 
libellus,  dim.  of  liber,  book  i  U'bel-ant,  n.  <  on-  n  ho  insl  I 
tutes  a  libel  or  suli  In  admiralty.  li'bol-lanti.  U'bel-er, 
n.  Ii'bcl-ist>:  li'bol-lerj ;  li'bel-Ilstl.  Il'bcl-oiis,  a 
-ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

LFbel-Iull-dae,  1  lfii'be-liu'li-di:  :j  li"i.e-hrii-.ir.  n  pi.  Enlom 
a  family  of  dragonoflles,  especially  those  with  unequal  wlngi 

[<    Liiiellula.]— Ll-bel 'Ill-la,   n.      1.   A   genus  typical   or 

LibellulldX.    'I.  |l-|  An  insect  of  this  genus;  a  dragon-fly. 
H'ber,  1  IcJ'bar;  2  h'ber,  re.    1.  A  book,  :i    a  volume  of  public 

records  of  deeds,  mortgages,  etc.     2.  Bot.  Tin    bait  01    

bark  of  exogenous  plants.     [I..,  orlg.  bark.) 

lib'cr-al,  1  lib'er-el;  2  lft>'er-al.    I.  ".    1.  Poi   i 

manifesting  a  free  and  generous  heart;  bountiful.  2. 
Appropriate  or  fitting  for  a  broad  and  enlightened  mind, 

3.  Free  from  narrowness,  bigotry,  or  bondage  to  authoi 
ity  or  creed,  as  in  religion;  inclined  to  democratic  i  |  re 
publican  ideas,  as  opposed  to  monarchical  oi  ari  to 
cratic,  as  in  politics;  broad;  popular;  progre  ive  l- 
Bestowed  without  stint;  abundant.  Ii.  Not  restricted 
to  the  literal  meaning.    6.  Free  by  or  from  birth;  hence, 


of  high  character:  refined;  independent.     "Si.  Unduly 

free;  licentious.      Syn.:  see  AMPLE;  en  \iur\ni.i  ;  QBNI  Ion  s 

II.  n.  [L-]  A  member  of  a  party  which  advocates 
liberty  of  thought,  speech,  or  action  [OF.,  <  L  lib 
oralis,  <  liber,  free.]  Ilb'er-al-lstj.— Liberal  party,  .i 
party  of  reform  or  progress,  as  tin'  popular  party  in  England, 

opposed    to  the  Tories      lib'cr-al-isir..    ■        lib"cr-al-ls'- 

tlc,  a.— llb"er-ari-ty,  n.    [-to-  n    quality  of  being 

liberal  orgenerous;  a  gift ;  donation  Syn.:  see  m  \i  -,,iii\,  i  . 
— lib'er-al-ize,  vt.     lih'er-al-l> ,  adv. 

lib'er-ate,  1  lib'ar-€t;  2  Kb'er-at,  vt.    [-at"epi1;  -at*ing.] 
To  set  free;  release  from  bondage.     [  <  L.  1 
Of  libero,    <    Ubcr.  free.)     Syn.:  see  ABSOLVE;   DELIVER;   RE- 
LEASE.— Hb"or-a'tion,  n.     The  act  of  liberating      llb'cr- 
a"tor,  re. 

Li-be'ri-a,  1  lal-bl'n-a;  2  li-be'ri-a.  r».  A  negro  repuhllo 
(40,ooo  sq.  m.;  pop.  2.100,000)  iii  \v.  Africa  U-bo'rl-an. 
a.  &  n. 

lib'er-tin(es,  1  lib'er-tin; 2 Hb'er-tfn.  I.o.  1.  Dissolute; 
licentious.  2||.  Unrestrained.  II.  //.  One  who  does 
not  restrain  his  desires  or  appetites;  a  seducer.  |  <  1.. 
libcrtinus,  freedman,  <  liber,  free]  lih'cr-llu-lsiii,  n. 
Unrestrained  indulge! in  licentious  practises. 

lib'er-ty,  1  lil/ar-li;  2  uVer-ty,  n.     |-nt  s*,  /-?.]     1.  The 
state  of  being  exempt  from  the  domination  of  others  or 
from  restricting  circumstances;  freedom      '.'.    \  special 
exemption;  franchise;  privilege.    3.  I  ousual  oi  undue 
freedom  or  familiarity.    4.  The  possession  and  exercise 
of  the  right  of  Self-government.    5.  Ethics.  Thepowerof 
voluntary  choice;  freedom  from  necessity     <i.  A  district 
within  which  certain  privileges  are  granted;  as.  the  libt  r- 
tics  of  a  prison.    1<  F.  liber ti,  <  L.  liberta(tr)s,      lifter,  froo.l 
Syn.:  emancipation,  freedom,  Independence,  license      In 
general  terms,  it  may  be  said  that  freedom  is  absolute, 
relative;  freedom  is  the  absence  of  restraint.  /, 
moval  or  avoidance  of  restraint.     The  two  words  are  con 
stantly  interchanged;  the  slave  is  set  at  liberty ,  or  cams  als 
freedom;  but  freedom  is  tin-  nobler  word.     Indepen 
said  of  states  or  nations,  freedom  and  liberty  oi  Indivl 
the  independence  of  the  United  states  did  not  Becure  ainnn 
or  freedom,  to  its  slaves.    Liberty  keeps  quite  strict!; 
thought   of  being  clear  from  restraint   or  compulsion;  free- 
dom takes  a  wider  range,  applying  to  other  oppresi  i\  e  influ- 
ences; thus,  we  speak  of  freedom  from  annoyana  or  intru- 
sion.    See  permission.     I. inn*'    is.  in  its  limited 
permission  or  privilege  granted   bj    adequate  authority,   a 
bounded  liberty;  in  the  wider  sense,  licenst  is  an  ignoring 

and  defiance  of  all  that  Should  restrain,  and  a  reckless 
doing  of  all  that  Individual  caprice  or  passion  ina\ 
to  do — a  base  and  dangerous  counterfeit  of  freedom.  Boo 
permission;  right. — Ant.:  captivity,  compulsion,  con 
stralnt,  Imprisonment,  necessity,  obligation,  oppression,  serf- 
dom, servitude,  slavery,  supers!  it  ion. 

li-bid'i-iioiis,  1  h-bid'i-nus;  2  li-bld'i-nus,  >i.  Lustful; 
lewd.    (  <  I.,  libidinoaus,  full  of  lust.] 

LI 'bra,  1  lal'bre;  2  U'bra,  n.    l.  The  Balance,  the  ie\  ei 
of  the  zodiac.    2.  A stellation.    See  constellation 

li'l)ra-ry,  1  Lai'bre-n;  2  ll'bra-ry,  n.    l-nn  s*,  pi  I     I  ool 

lection  of  books,  pamphlets,  etc  ,  I'm   readin; tonSul- 

tation;  also,  the  place  containing  Buch  :>  colleotiou.    I  ■ 
L.  libraria,  ■    librarlus,  belonging  to  books.]     Il-lira'rl-an, 

re.    One  who  has  charge  of  a  library. 

li'brate,  1  loi'liret ;  2  li'l'i  ,i ,    -    a  [u'brai  id;  li'- 

RHAT-INQ.]      To  bold   poi   I  '1  .  I'.'ilar.ce;  \  lie 

ance.     [•'   I.    libra  (pp    libratus),   <  libra,  balance.] 
li-bra'tloo,  n.     I.  Balance;  equipoise     2.  Oscillation. 

ll'bra-to"rj  ,  a. 

U-bret'to,  ]  ii-brci'to; ;.»  ii-brei'to  ;,      \  i i  containing  the 

words  of  an  opera,  or  the  words  themselves,    in  .inn. 

<  L.  liber,  book  I    H-bret'tlst,  '■■     \  writer  of  libretti 
Llb'y-a,  1  llb'i-a;  2  lib'     i    i       i  he  am  It  m  i  in  ck  name  for 

N,  Africa  ,  also  a  region  oi  N    m>  lea  annoxt  d  bj  Italj 
Llb'y-an,  a  a  n.    Libyan  Desert,  a  pari  ol  tlio 

de  ei  >  I    of]  e/.zan. 
lire,  1  lals; :.'  lie.  /;,     Plural  Ol 

U 'cense,  L  lc  l«    '     I  '•  '  ■' 

CENS-rNO.l     To  1'iani    i  i  u'l.i 

ize;  permit,    II.  »      1.  Autho  tiled  lo 

ib,  ,n    (iinii  an  aol ;  specificallj  .  in    law .  n  p'  i  n 
as  for  manufactui  ing  a  patenti  a  arl  icli  oi  < 
intoxicant!      '-'•    \   written  or  printed  ci  - 
legal   permit.     8.    I  d   libortj    "I   action      4. 

Nile 

ti.i.       licet,  ii   Is  allowed  I     U'rencc 

ci  i;mi  i  ,    i  noun  I   LIBEI  "  '  '  iis-.«- 

blie'-,,,       ll"cen-see',  „     One  lo  whom 

ll"ccn-cee't.    Il'cens-er, «     U'ccne-ei        ll-cen'Clou 

„.    |.  Exceeding  the  llmll  wnnuinjlewd 

Mi,      •; ■    ,■■    lallj   In 

literal  i  ma!  U  i      -lj  •  id      -ness,  „ 
||-cen'tl-ate,  L  perron 

[ioensed  toexerc       tpro 


Il.-ll 

llrh'. 

II  ill.  II 


II  -.•ll.-ll 


Jl.  It. 
Ill  k  . 


.,     ..        0        ii         ;  ill,  l.Orn; 
i  .1  ,       .  .  iii  i  ..,,,,;.  »on,      4«'i 


I  I 

I 
II. 


lirk  | 

II  .  In  ii 
\ 

■     : 

PP     "' 

I. 

v  licking 
.'. 
II. k.  i 

mothing 
J  taken  up  bv  the 

I .  S . ) 

5.  1 1  |    \ 

"■  rt       [  ■       \> 

I  irk.  jmh.  -  •  .  i  philanthropist  who 

I  ii  k  iii>-.  n  ii..r> .  i«l  on  i lir  summit  ol 

•-  -h.  i .    :      ptlng  or 

ir  enjoy;  having 
•  -  ;    lie 'or- 

l»h:.      Ilrk  .  r-l«h-l)  .  llrk  'iT-Mi-iii-n.    •.        Ilck'- 

:--ii.--  ophant, 

lirk  ■«pii-n.-.  2  HVgplfl,  *.    A  servile  II 

Ii,   ,.-n.-,  .  In  annual  1 

Hi   i>-ri-  .  I  confection : 

also.  ■  t.     I  <  Gr.or  olykys, 

1 1 '  I  in>-rlrc:. 
Hi    inr.  •    i  body  of  Oil 

rates.      [L.,    < 

liit. 


■  :'  i  ji  i 


inae 


II.-  . 


i .  g  an  aperture,  as  of  a 

the  inside,    '!• 
I.  (Colloq.] 

3  './i'/.]  — Ild'ded,  a. 
. 
2  U.  n".    (i.w:  lain;  i.y'in.;  ]    1.  To  reel  or  re- 

'.'.  I     plat r 

•elf  prone  or  at  full  length.    3.  To  oontinue  in  an 

1 .  t  fixed.    5.  To  remain 

'•  in  connection 

7.  >  r>  maintainable.    [  <  AS. 

itter  that  which  is  false  with 
deceitful  impression.     [  < 

II.-  .  I .  ■•tin  which  :i  thing 

.'. 
II.    .  something  that  en 

.  lie.] 
falsehood,  untruth. 
■  !«■  false  with  Intent 
•  i   a  lit .  Iii-rause  not 
mear  •  ichlng  thai  the  .-artli  was 

flat  was  not  a  lit.  because  not  then  known  to  be  fa! 
trull  Is  more  than    .         '  icy,  Implying  always  lack  ot 

vera'   I 

ma  for  DECEpnoN;  real  D. 
—Ant_-  f»' '  Ity. 

whit.   ii.-.  -  implied  In  deference 

'.ventlonallt'.  i  rib. 

I.I. -Mic.  iii-tu-.  Baron  ron      303-1873). 

!  chemistry- 
I.|erh't«-ri--t.  In.  .  iOn.fl.    An  ln- 

;-lnclpallty  I-  -pe;  65  aq.  m.;  pop. 

Heft,        liO-aslng;  agreeable.    2.  Willing:  ready.    llevet. 

-  dear  ] 
ll.f'l):.     Il.-f  '  r.  gladly  or  willingly. 

liege,  1  Dj :  2  I-        I  Bound  in  va 

man  II.  I.       vassal;  also,  a  citi/ 

:,.•'-.]— Hege'man, 

Ll'ege'.  v-rh'.  n.    A  province  ( 1.117  sq.  m:  nop. 

i ;  also.  Its  capital  (pop.  167.000);  entered 
by  German" 
II 'en,  1  li'en  or  Hn;  2  A  legal  claim  on  prop- 

irityforacV  -  \F..  band  ] 

Ilea,  1  bQ:  2  10,  n.     F  m  , 'if.  [F.] 

Lieut..  1. 1..  int. 

lieu- ten  'ant,  1  ho-for  lef-]ten'ant;  2  \u-\vr  lef-]ten'ant,  n. 


i  .  superior  in 

: 

9,    ipecJfi- 

■  iptain, 

.  commander! 

Ie  in  m  I.,  low  thai 

ilonel, 

III  i  h.ilil  ) 

Hi  ii-i.  n    in-,  |  .      .        II,  ii-(,n. inl-r>  t  ;    llcll-lcil  alil- 

ihlpt, 

.  as  i  ii  i     llrw-:  'i  oeal.  0  B.l. 
II. -f  '.-r;. 

lire.      .i.LMit. ...   |i  in  -,  i  I    1.1 

■  ■I  being  alive;  thai  condition  in  which  animals  and 
•  with  capability  ol  excrei  injt  their  natural 
inn.  ■  '  condition  or  time  between  birl 

death     -'t.   \  •  -.  i  onscious  and  int.  II  1  • 

Tin-  manner  in  which  one  li\  ■        ••  ital  principle. 

6.  That  which  tends  toward  develop 

7.  That  which  inspires  animation.    8.  The  ccnti 

I,  rhi  In  in.-  and  real  form;  t In-  actual 
U  r     10.  VnimaU  dexi  itence     1 1.  I  luman 
I'.'.  k  biography     IS.  The  means  of  sustaining  lifi      n. 
Theperiod  ol  efficienl  fori  i      I       VS  I  '.  life  | 

III.  '  .ir"niH,   I.  belt,   I.   mortar,   I.  rocket.   I.  shut. 

etc     An  arrow .  belt,  or  thi  ippara 

-,      i  rescue  ahlpw  I. 'blood,  n     Tho  blood 

■ar>  to  life;  vital  blood:  also  figuratively .    life'  boat", 


tonal  View  of  Motor  Llfe»boat. 

-.ikl;B,  engine;  •    -  -  .'.ironkeel; 

[•tank;   //  //.  m    - 

n.  A  boat  having  air*chambera  or  the  in..-,  by  which  it  la 
rendered  specially  buoyant.  :m. i  sometimes  selfrrlghtlng.— 
I. .buoy,  n.  a  device,  usually  hi  tiie  Bhape  of  a  buoyant 
ring,  for  keeping  a  person  it,  the  water  afloat.  I.«preservert. 
I.  guard,  n.    a  guard  whose  business  it  is  to  protect  the 

life  of  sonic.  elgn,      I.  Insurance, 

tnsurance  on  the  Ufi  .,f  another  upon  payment 

of  a  yearly  sum.-  llfe'llke",  a.  Resembling  thai  which  is 
living,  -ness,  n.-  I. 'line,  n.  1.  a  long  line  thrown  to  a 
wreck.  S.  a  line  for  the  security  of  Bailors  during  heavy 
weather.  S.  A  Hue  attached  to  a  buoy  or  boat,  as  for  the 
protection  of  bathers.  lifelong",  .;.  Lasting  or  continu- 
ing through  life  I. .rent.  •  kl  oanc;  for  life  on  p 
of  rent       I. .renter,  n       I.  rcntrlx.  r».      Ilfe'slrliig".  n.     \ 

•itiai  to  life;  h.-nce.  the  essential 

support  of  life.      Ilfe'tlme",  ;, .      The  whole  period  of  a  lift  . 

Syn.:  vitality.     Lift  is  the  state  of  actual  living; 

Is  the  power  of  IIvIiil-  or   the  capacity  of  maintaining  />'/<. 

reptuee  have  remarkable  vitality.    Uf>  may  also  be  used  for 

the  vital  principle;  as.  thl  uratively,  we 

speak  of  tin-  duality  of  a  truth,  a  prejudice,  an  error,     s.-e 

w  \KMTH.      Ant.:  death,  ii-  illon. 

lifeless,  1  lalf'li    ;  2  line    a     Destitute  of  life;  dead;  listless. 

dull;  InsenHlhle.— llfe'less-b  ,  adv.     Ilfe'less-ness.  n 

Syn.:  dead,  deceased,  defunct,  dull,  extinct.  Inanimate, 
inert,  spiritless,  torpid.  /.,-;'/  primarily  applies  to  a  once 
living  organism  from  which  life  has  departed;  this  original 
meaning   controls   the  derived   senses;    Innnimnli    primarily 

applies  to  thai  which  never  had  life;  we  speak  pi  a  alaln 
warrior  a-  dead;  ol  a  rock  b 

In  either  coi-  ih      form  of  the  warrior;  the 

■  I  of  that  which  ex- 
hibits none  of  the  signs  ol  life,  be  said  to  fall 

.   comparable  ">  which  la  the  popular  ex- 
Ion,  a  dead  faint.    The  derived  meanings  of  these  words 
are  very  many.     A  picture,  a  statue,  a  poem,  an  actor's 

'lng  of  his  part   ma 

frequently  as  inar,  '  a  dead  bool 

capital,  a  dead  wall,  and  even  of  a  dead  <l.  e.  a  dull  or  non« 
resonant)  sound.     1  D  formal  and  approved  use 

as  a  euphemism  f"  omewhal  Con- 

or opprobrious;  as,  a  defunct  author,  defunct 
mythologies.  Extinct  Implies  cessation  of  vitality  or  force; 
as.  an  ilcano.     See  dead,  flat. — 

Ant.:  active,  alive,  animated,  live,  living,  stirring,  vigorous. 
lift',  1  lift;  2  lift,  r.  I.  t.  1.  To  raise  against  gravity; 
move  to  a  hitrlicr  point;  elevate  ''■■  To  maintain  in  an 
elevated  position.  3.  To  rai-e  to  a  higher  decree  or  con- 
dition; exalt.  4. '1  5.  [Colloq] 
To  take  away  surreptitiously;  especially,  to  steal,  as 
'•attl'-.  6.  [U.  8  ]  To  get  rid  of;  pay  off,  as  a  mortgage. 
7.  [Prov  Eng]  To  draw  (wages);  collect  (rents);  levy 
(contributions).    II.  i.    1.  To  exert  the  strength  for  the 


1:  a  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    lO  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sing;    fhin,    this.  liftl 

463      2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,'   this!      lignaloes 


purpose  of  raising  something.    2.  To  rise,  or  appear  to 
rise,  as  mist.    [  <  Ice.  lypta,  <  lopt,  air.] 
Syn.:  see  carry;  heighten;  raise. — lift/er,  n. 

lift1,  n.  1.  The  act  of  lifting  or  raising.  2.  The  height 
to  which  a  thing  is  raised.  3.  Mining.  The  difference 
in  height  between  one  level  and  another;  also,  a  set  of 
pumps  raising  water  from  a  common  level  and  deliver- 
ing it  to  a  common  height.  4.  Assistance  by  lifting; 
hence,  assistance  in  general.  5.  A  machine,  device,  or 
other  thing  that  lifts  or  assists  in  lifting,  as  a  hoisting* 
apparatus,  or  a  hook  for  raising  a  window=sash.  6. 
That  which  is  raised  or  hoisted.  7.  A  rise  in  condition; 
promotion.  8.  [Eng.]  An  elevator.  9.  A  thickness  of 
leather  on  the  heel  of  a  shoe. 

lift2,  n.  [Prov.  Eng.]  The  heavens,  sky,  or  atmosphere. 

lig'a-ment,  1  lig'a-ment  or  -mant;  2  lig'a-ment,  n.  A 
band  which  connects  related  structures  (as  bones,  etc.) : 
a  bond  of  union.  [F.,  <  L.  liyamenlum,  <  ligo,  bind.] — ■ 
Hg"a-men'tous,  a.    lig"a-men'talt. 

ll'gan,  1  lai'gan;  2  H'gan.  n.  Law.  Goods  cast  adrift  or 
sunken  at  sea  with  something  attached  to  float,  as  a  buoy, 
as  evidence  of  ownership.  [Apparently  <  L.  ligamen  ( < 
ligo,  tie),  band;  but  cp.  lie1.]    la'ganf. 

li'gate,  1  lai'get;  2  H'gat,  vt.  [li'gat-ed<i;  li'gat-ing.]  To 
bind  with  a  ligature;  bandage.  [<  L.  ligo  (pp.  ligatus),  tie.] 
— li-ga'tion,  n.    A  tying,  especially  of  an  artery. 

lig'a-ture,  1  lig'e-cTiur  or  -tiur;  2  lig'a-chur  or  -tiir,  n.  1. 
Anything  that  constricts,  or  serves  for  binding  or  tying; 
specifically,  a  thread  or  wire  tied  around  a  blood=vessel 
to  arrest  bleeding.  2.  A  ligation.  3.  In  writing  and 
printing,  two  or  more  connected  letters,  nsfi,  ffi,  x;  also, 
in  writing,  the  character  used  to  indicate  the  connection 
(.■—).    4.  Mus.  A  slur.    [F.,  <  L.  ligo,  bind.] 

light1,  1  lait;  2  lit,  v.    [light'ed"1  or  lit;  light'ing.]    I.  t. 

1.  To  set  fire  to;  inflame.  2.  To  illuminate.  3.  To 
furnish  with  a  light.     II.  i.     1.  To  take  fire;  kindle. 

2.  To  become  luminous.     [  <  AS.  lyhtan,  <  leoht,  light.] 
light2,  vi.    [light'ed11  or  lit;  light'ing.]    1.  To  descend 

and  settle  down,  as  a  bird,  after  flight.  2.  To  happen  or 
stumble,  as  by  chance;  alight:  used  with  on  or  upon  in 
both  senses.    [<  AS.  lyhtan,  <  leoht,  light.] 

light3,  vt.     To  lighten:  obsolete  except  In  nautical  use. 

light1,  a.  1.  Full  of  light;  bright.  2.  Of  a  faint  or  pale 
shade  of  color.    [  <  AS.  liht.] 

light2,  a.  1.  Having  little  weight.  2.  Easy  to  carry, 
handle,  move,  digest,  etc.  3.  Free  from  that  which 
encumbers.  4.  Of  no  great  consequence;  trivial.  5. 
Lacking  in  intensity  or  effect.  6.  Not  burdened  with 
care;  cheerful.  7.  Flighty;  dizzy.  8.  Short  in  weight. 
9.  Well=leavened  and  raised.  10.  Loose  or  sandy.  11. 
Characterized  by  levity  or  by  moral  laxity.  12.  Lightly 
equipped;  as,  light  infantry.  13.  Easy  or  graceful  in 
touch  or  movement.  [<  AS.  leoht,  light.]  Syn.:  see  airy;  vain. 
— light'=nn"gered,  a.  1.  Addicted  to  petty  theft; 
thievish.  2.  Light  or  graceful  in  touch. — I. Mooted,  a. 
Nimble  in  running  or  dancing,  l.^heeledj. — l.=handed,  a. 
1.  Short-handed.  2.  Having  little  to  carry.  3.  Having  abil- 
ity to  use  the  hands  lightly. — l.=headed,  a.  1.  Silly;  frivo- 
lous. 2.  Dizzy;  flighty. — I.  hearted,  a.  Free  from  care; 
gay.  Syn.:  see  merry.— l.^heartediy,  adv.— I.  Iiearled- 
ness,  n.  —  1. diorse,  n.  Cavalry  bearing  light  arms  and 
equipments. — l.shorseman,  n. — l.=mlnded,  a.  Lacking 
seriousness  or  strength  of  mind;  foolish. — I.  weight,  a.  1. 
Sporting.  Of  lightweight;  weighing  133  pounds.  2.  Hence, 
of  little  account. — llKht'welirJit",  n.  One  who  or  that 
which  is  of  light  weight. 

light,  n.  1.  (1)  The  form  of  radiant  energy  that  acts  on 
the  retina  of  the  eye  and  renders  visible  the  objects 
from  which  it  comes;  radiance,  (li)  Tin-  sensation  pro- 
duced by  exciting  the  eye.  (3)  Mental  or  spiritual  illu- 
mination. 2.  A  sourer'  of  light,  as  a  flame,  lamp,  beacon, 
etc.;  also,  an  emission  of  light.  3.  That  which  admits 
light;  a  window  or  pane.  4.  The  state  of  visibility; 
hence,  publicity.  5.  Daytime;  dawn.  (J.  Aspect.  7. 
A  part  of  a  picture  with  reference  to  its  Luminosity.  8. 
The  power  of  vision;  perception.  [<  AS.  leSht,  light.] 
Syn.:  blaze,  flame,  flare,  flash,  flicker,  glare,  gleam,  glim- 
mer, glisten,  glistening,  glitter,  glow.  Illumination,  incandes- 
cence, scintillation,  sheen,  shimmer,  shine,  shining,  Bparkle, 

twinkle,  twinkling.  A  flame  Is  both  bot  and  luminous;  If  II 
contains  few  solid  particles  It  will  yield  little light,  thoil  may 
afford  Intense  heat,  as  in  the  case  of  a  hydrnt;en-//ev«r.     A 

Maze,  is  an  extensive,  brilliant  flame.    Ught  is  the  general 

term  for  any  luminous  el'fcel.  discernible  by  I  lie  eye,  from  the 

faintest  phosphorescence  to  the  blaze  at  the  noonday  sun. 
A  flare  Is  a  wavering  flame  or  blaze;  a  flash  la  b  light  that 
appears  and  disappears  In  an  Instant;  as,  a  flash  of  lightning; 

the  /lash  of  gunpowder.  The  glare  and  glow  are  steady,  the 
glare  painfully  bright,  the  glow  subdued;  as.  i  he  glare  of 
torches;  the  glow  of  dying  embers.     Shine  and    hlnltig  refer 


to  a  steady  or  continuous  emission  of  light;  sheen  is  a  faint 
shining,  usually  by  reflection.  Glimmer,  glitter,  and  shimmer 
denote  wavering  light.  We  speak  of  the  glimmer  of  distant 
lamps  through  the  mist:  of  the  shimmer  of  waves  in  sunlight 
or  moonlight.  A  gleam  is  not  wavering,  but  transient  or 
intermittent;  a  sudden  gleam  of  light  came  through  the  half- 
open  door;  a  glitter  is  a  hard  light;  as,  the  olitt,  r  of  burnished 
arms,  a  sparkle  is  a  sudden  light,  as  of  sparks  thrown  out; 
scintillation  is  the  more  exact  and  scientific  term  for  the 
actual  emission  of  sparks,  also  the  figurative  term  for  what 
suggests  such  emission:  as,  scintillation-,  of  wit  or  of  genius. 
Twiritle  and  twinkling  are  used  of  the  intermittent 
the  fixed  stars.  Glistening  Is  a  shining  as  from  a  wet  surface. 
Illumination  Is  a  widespread,  brilliant  liijht.  as  when  all  the 
windows  of  a  house  are  lighted.  The  light  of  Incanai 
intense  and  white  like  that  from  metal  at  a  white  heat  Bee 
knowledge.  —  Ant.:  blackness,  dark,  darkness,  dimness, 
dusk,  gloom,  gloominess,  obscurity,  shade,  shadow. 

— light '=wave",  n.  A  wave  or  undulation  or  light 
l.»year,  n  The  space  that  a  ray  of  light  traverses  in  oni 
year.  It  travels  at  the  rate  of  about  186,600  miles  p,  r  second 
— northern  lights,  the  aurora  borealis.  shining  1..  a  gen- 
ius: prodigy.  —  spot  Might",  n.  [U.  s]  Light  concen- 
trated and  directed,  as  on  the  stage,  upon  some  person  or 
thing:  used  also  figuratively.  [light  I 

light,  adv.     Lightly;  cheaply.     [<  AS.  leohle,    <  leoht, 

light'en1,  llait'n;2IIt'n,  it.    1. 1.    1.  To  give  or  add  light 
to;  illumine.     2.  To  enlighten.     3.  To  make  Lighter  m 
shade  or  in  effect.    4||.  To  relieve  of  gloom  or  sat 
5§.  To  emit  or  radiate,  as  a  flash.    II.  i.     I.   II 
or  grow  lighter.    2.  To  emit  lightning. 

light'en-,  v.    I.  t.    1.  To  relieve  of  weight.    2.  To  render 
less  oppressive;  relieve  from  distress;  gladden.     II.  i. 
To  become  less  heavy  or  burdensome. 
Syn.:  see  allay;  alleviate. 

light'er,  1  lait'sr;  2  lifer,  v.     I.  t.     To  transport  in  a 
lighter.    II.  i.    To  do  transporting  by  lighters. 

light'er1,  1  lait'ar;  2  lifer,  n.    A  barge-like  vessel  used  in 
loading  or  unlaading 
ships.  —  light'er- 
man,  n. 

light'er2,  n.  One  who 
or  that  which  lights 
or  illuminates. 

light 'house",    1  lait'- 
haus";  2  llt'hous",  n.  A 
tower  bearing  lamps, 
erected     at    a 
point   of  danger 
to  guide  seamen 
by  night. 

light'ly,  llait'h;  2 
llt'ly,  vi.  [Scot.] 
To  make  light  of. 
Ilclit'lyt. 

light'ly,    adv.      1. 

With      little 

weight,  pressure, 
oreffect.  2. 
Without  heavi- 
ness of  spirit; 
airily.  3.  With 
levity;  also,  ir- 
reverently. 4.  In 
a  slight  degree 


Light  b 


l.  i.u-t 
slightly;    mildly    ' 

5.  For  slight  rea-c 

sons.      <;.  Nimbly.     7.  Easily;   readilj     Bf«  i  sually, 
liglit'iu'ss,  1  luit'nes;  2  lii 'ne..  n,    The  qualit}  ol 

light.  In  any  sense.     Syn.;  see  i,i.\  1 1  v 

light'niiig,  1  loit'mrj ;  2  Ut'ning,  n,     I  by  the 

discharge  of  electricity,  as  from  a  oloud  llghl'iiliiic 
bug",  n.  [TJ,  s.|  a  ttreflj  I.  rod.  n  \  I  irp-polnUKl 
metallic  conductor  used  in  protect  build  timing 

by  carrying  an  electric  current  inn  mi'  alj  to  tin  ground 

llght'«o'«love\l  lalt'»o«luv';  2lit' '  n    I.  In  old  dance* 

tune.    •».  \  coquettish  or  wanton  woman 

lights,  l  Loits;  2  llts.  n  pi     Lun  i      | 

light  =ship",  l  Ion'  ...hip";  :.'  in     in,...       V  v<     pi,  hav- 
ing wat  aing  lights,  signals,  etc  .  n la     i  guide  to 

;  i  omen  where  a  Lighthou  te  would  be  nop"  ai 

light 'some',  1  Ion 

ful  character;  plaj  full  ait  |     »lj  •  i        -'""   ■ 

llght'iome',   a.  [Poet.j  Full    ol    II  nt;    lumlnou      tight'- 
tome-ly,  arfi     llght'some-ness,  n 

llghi'w I",  i  tail 

pine,  commonly  the  bean  of  the  yollov,  plno, 

llg-iiiil'oes,  I  llg-nal'o«  oi  loll 

a  Fragrant  Oriental  wood:  alo<    « i      01  I    itgnuvt 

aim  ..  wood  of  aloes;  tee  liqni  ot  -  and  u 


lUm-.'Us 
link 


not.  «i        ii         ii         lilt.  I.ftrn: 

i  i  ,,,,,.     tr6a,      4(14 


• 
ig-nll  i. . 


i  .  i 

\ 

IIC   ii-l.tr.  Ilk    u-l  I 

i  :  Hi  ii- 

•  i 

■ 

I  I   IIiiik  (  hint.  '  '. 

llkf ,  ]  k  INC.]    I.  f.     I.      a  , 

mre 

II. 

i        .  ASs 

■  m,  tansy,  love, 

union. 

lik.  .          1 .  '.'.  i    [ual,  or 

.1.    i  11. "i  ]   1  >.-ir- 

t .  .  likely. 
■  nc.  Univ.) 

Sjrr.  as,  "Man  Is  liki 

archaic, 
the  prepon:-  •••!    In  modern 

use.  :  i  preposition;  as, 

to)  a  maniac. 
liki   .  ;nt<-r]>art. 

Ilk*.  I.  similarly  to:  with  prepo- 

;.  ii :  incorrectly 

sab--  i    lo;  I  f<  It 

15.  Alike. 

Ilk.    Ii-!i..,„l.  . 

Ilk.     Il-n.  «<tt.  PROBABILITl  . 

like  l>  .  I.         Ii.iki.'i .i-i. it;  i.iki 

l.  probable.     ''. 

3.  Apl   t"  i 
;  -    ■    .   .•  »r      4.   \\  .11  a< la (.!•■< I  fur  the  purpose. 

B  natural  llt- 

.  orablc; 

aa.  the  -.'.;; 

ble,  and 
-  worker 

la  lit 

thin.- 

■     or  t.ii- 

ma«    ma    be   -.v-:..-:    wim      iri.l.  \-  nd'-ntb    of   eu.rnal 


II 

Ilk' 

like 

ti. 
in--. 

[Situ  »>■*■  i  ompabe. 
2   Hk'r 
net   2  i  !'  or  quality 

• 

like'w  i-.  |    r,,nj      ln  liJco 

manner;  moreover.    Situ  see  also. 


Ilk  Ins,  ' 

• 

1 1  k  1 1 1  g .  1  .                 Ilk'ii  I . 

i  .    kimlly  I. ■■  linn;    prefoi               '.'  . 

-.1      LOVI 

ill...  I .  ntnl  flowi  ring 

ci.owr.it, 

I '.  i 

in  nil.  :  mi.  n     in  the  Talmud,  the  legendary 

Mile,  i  \  manufacturing  ell)  In  N    i 

Minn-,  rii  i 

in  ii-pui.    i 

i  ii   ii- 
i.ii  ii  in.  in  t  - 1  ■  •  •  'ii. in 

llll,  1  lilf ;  2  '    ■      I  ■  r  t..  hi  tor  i 

or  \\\  ll.  I. 

mi.-  mo\  .in.  m  or  tl"« 

lll'\.   1   lil'i;  2  lll'y.     1.  a      White  and  soft;  lily-white, 
ll .         [ui/ian,  pi.]    I.  An  ornamental  plant  hai 
I  mil.,  .a-  rool  and  ereel  item,  with  large,  nhowy,  ei 
nodding  Bowi  ■        J.  \  fli  m  -•!•  -lia.     I  ■    Gr.1 
Illy.  |     111  '>  -II*  "it.    i  \    coward      III  >-ll»  ".r.tl,    ,i 

nr>  .or  the  valley,  fi    Iul'h  ■-..*•  i  m  -\  \i  i.i  v.  pi.)  A  low, 

an «..n  with  two  oblong  lea. 

ding   fragrant,  cup  ihaped  flowci        I.  pad,  rho  largi 

doatlng  leaf  of  the  water-Ill)      Illy '-wort",  in)  plant 

of  the  111)  famll)      Ulf-a'ceooa,  a     <  >f  or  pertain 
the  111]  .     lined.        Pa  '1    »bo  ind  or  In  oi  like  lilies, 

I  I'm. i.   l   fi'ma;  2  n'ml    n       \  departmenl  and  province 
i  ii. :i  in  s.  i   in  :  pop  298,000)  in  Peru;  also,  a  city,  the  capl- 
il  Peru. 

lliuh,  1  lim;  2  lini.  i7.    1. To diamembei     '.'.  I       ma,  To 
remove  limbs  from  (a  tr©        8  .  i   >  supply  with  limbs. 

Iimi>  .  i  I.  ■'       of  the  jointed  parts  ol  the  animal 

lim  .    I  .  as  a  leg,  arm.  >.r  wing,    'i.  A  branch  of  a 

tree.      [<    AS.    Km,    limb.]     limbed,   a.      r 
limbs:  often  used  in  compounds;  as.  strongWfmfted.     Ilnih'- 
I.  --.         limb'  meal  I .  i  Imb  from  limb. 

liniii  .       '    edge  or  part,  as  of  a  disk.  [<L.FKmfcua,  edge.] 

Ilm'hec*.  lim   link    .  To  distil. 

iini'ii.-r,  i  iiin'i.i-k;  2  iinrii...  n.    1.  //•  r.  A  bearing  repre- 

'it.  A  still.     [ContT.  Of  AliKUBIl    1    lllll'- 
heek : . 
lim   her1,   1   lim'har;  2  llin'licr,   vl.   &   vi.     To  attach  or 

i  a  cannon:  commonly  with  up. 
liin'lier  ,    I      I      make  limber  >.r  pliant. 
lim 'her.  a.    Easily  bent;  pliant;  limp.    [<  limp,  a.] 

Syn :  Um'ber-ness, 

liin'lier,  n.    The  fore  part  of  a  gun«carriage,  having  two 
wheels  and  a  pole  to  which  horses  axe  attached.    [  <  lee. 

illllllS.) 

lilll'lxi,  1   lnii'l.n;  2  ITm'lio.  n.    El     1.  An  in. lit..' 

gion  supposed  by  some  t"  exisl  on  the  outskirts  "i  hell. 
Urn 'bust.     •».    \   place  .>f  neglect  ..r  oblivion      :t.    \ 
prison;  place  of  confinement.    (  <  L.  limbus,  edge.] 
lime,  1  loam;  2  lim,  rt.    [limed;  Lrti'ma.]    To  apply  lime 
to;  catch  with  birdlime;  ensnare.     [<  AS.  limian,   < 

lim.  Klne.l 

lim.   .         \  white  i-ariii-hke  oalclum  osld  produced  by  cal- 
cining limestone,  Bea*ehells,  etc.,  and  used  In  building.    [< 

AS.  /!  n,  glue  I      lime'  kiln",   n        \    kiln  for  huroi 
from  limestone  or  shells      I. 'light,  n,    A  powerful  llghl  pro- 
duced by  burning  time;  often  thrown  <.n  the  stage  to  make 
acton  more  prominent .  in  ace,  notoriet  lime'- 

-tun.  ".  ol  calcium  carbonate. — 1.« 

iwlit.  which  birdlime  has  been  ami    red;  hence, 

a  snare;  a  trick      l.<water,  n.    A  saturated   oluUon  of  lime 

In  water:  1 1 ~i ■»  1  In  medicine, 

lime  .  mall  tree  ..f  the  orange  family,  or  its  sour, 

lemon'like fruit.    [F.,  <  Per.  limn.\ 
lime  .  n.    Thi  linden.     [<  orr.  ..f  unsbk,] 
lime't.  n     A  leash  for  a  dog     lime 'hound',  n. 

llm'.r-l.k  .  ]  iirn'..r-ik;  2  lim'er-ik,  n.    A  nonsense  verse  of 
Ganapi  f  which  the  Orst, second,  and  iinii  111 

.tk|  rime,  and  the  third  and  fourth  Inns  are  two- 
and  rim.-. 

I.lm'er-iek  .  fi      \u  Irish  county  (1,064  sq  m.;pop   ll 
p  t.ii  (pop.  17  I 

ll-inlr  '.,-llne,  1  li-il-mik'u-llii;  2  ll-mle'o-lln.  n.     Inhabiting  the 

shore:  said  of  certain  wading  birds.    I  mud,  + 

!  .veil] 

lim'ii',    1  lim'ii;   2  llm'it.  vl.      1.  To  set  a  bound  or 
.'  .  pecify.    [< 

I-',  llmttcr,  <  I.,  llmito,  bound,  path.] 

Syn.:  hound,  check,  clrcumscrlbi    confine,  define,  hinder, 
hold  in  chet  ■'  ii  in  check,  repress,  restrain,  re- 

mi  DMS<  BIBB;  .-'  i'.i'.ie  lim  lt-a-hl n-f,  a. — 
llni'l-la-ry, ';.  1.  Limiting.  2.  Limited  llin"i-ia'(lon. 
n.  I.  The  ad  of  limiting;  restriction;  circumscription.  2. 
Law.   (1)  A  restrictive  condition  or  stipulation.   (2;  A  term 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  hablt£    aisle;    au  =  ou_t;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cTlin;    go;    0  =  sins;    fhin,    this,      ligneous 
465       2:  wolf,  do;  book,  boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin.   this,  link 


fixed  by  law  for  the  validity  of  certain  acts.  Syn.:  see  re- 
serve.— Iim'l-ta"tiv(es,  a.— lim'it-ed,  pa.  Confined  to 
certain  limits;  in  law,  restricted  within  prescribed  limits; 
circumscribed,  as  a  government,  a  monarchy,  etc.,  held  in 
check  by  a  constitution.  Syn.:  see  scanty. — limited  ex- 
press or  train,  an  express=train  carrying  only  a  limited 
number  of  passengers. — lim 'it-less,  a. 

Um 'it,  n.  1.  That  which  limits;  aline,  point,  or  boundary 
beyond  which  something  ceases  to  extend,  operate, 
avail,  etc.  2.  That  which  is  limited  or  has  bounds;  a 
district;  period.  3.  That  which  impedes  or  hinders;  a 
check.  4.  Math.  A  definite  quantity  or  value  which  a 
varying  quantity  is  conceived  or  proved  to  approach. 
Syn.:  see  boundary;  end;  margin. 

lini'mcr,  1  lim'ar;  2  llm'er,  n.  [North.  Eng.  &  Scot.]  A 
scoundrel;  jade. 

limn,  1  lim;  2  lim,  vt.  To  draw  or  paint,  as  a  picture;  deline- 
ate. [ME.  limnen,  for  enluminen,  <  OF.  enluminer,  <  L. 
illumino,  illuminate,  v.] — Hm'ner,  n.  A  painter;  artist. — 
llm'ning,  n. 

Li"moges',  1  li"mo3';  2  U"mozh',  n.  A  manufacturing  town 
(pop.  92,000)  in  France;  celebrated  for  its  porcelain  and 
enamels.  [in  central  France. 

Ll"mou"sin',  1  irmu"zah';  2  li"mu"sah',  n.    An  old  province 

li"mou"slne',  1  li"mu"zin';  2  li'"mu''§iu'.  [F.]  I.  a.  Desig- 
nating a  type  of  motor=car  having  a  landau=like  carriage* 
body,  but  with  the  top  projecting  over  the  driver's  seat. 
II.  n.    A  motor=car  with  a  limousine  body.  [lemp.] 

limp1,  1  limp;  2  limp,  vi.    To  walk  lamely;  halt.    [  <  AS. 

limp,  a.  1.  Lacking  stiffness;  limber.  2.  Lacking  posi- 
tiveness  or  firmness.  [Cp.  Ice.  lifnpa,  weakness.]  -ly, 
adv.    -ness,  n. 

limp,  n.    The  step  of  a  lame  person;  a  halt. 

lim 'pet,  1  lim'pet;  2  lim'pgt,  n.  A  small  edible  shell=fish, 
found  clinging  to  rocks.     [  <  LL.OF  lamprcda,  lampetra, 

LAMPREY.] 

lim'pid,  1  lim'pid;  2  lim'pid,  a.  Characterized  by  spar- 
kling clearness;  transparent;  lucid;  clear.  [  <  L.  limpi- 
dus,  clear.]     Syn.:  see  clear;  transparent. 

— lim-pid'i-ty,  n.     lim'pid-nessi.— lim'pid-ly,  adv. 

Llm-po'po,  1  lim-po'po;  2  lim-po'po,  n.  A  river  in  South 
Africa;  length  900  m.;  Transvaal  to  S.  Indian  ocean. 

Ilmp'sy,  1  limp'si;  2  limp'sy,  a.  [Colloq.,  N.  E.]  Limp;  flimsy. 
lim'syl. 

lim'y,  I  laim'i;  2  lim'y,  a.  1.  Containing  or  covered  with 
lime.     2.  Resembling  lime.     3.  Smeared  with  birdlime 

lin,  n.  [Scot,  or  Rare]  1.  A  waterfall.  2.  A  precipice  or  ravine. 
[<  AS.  hlynn,  torrent.]    linnt;  lynj. 

lin.,  abbr.    Lineal,  linear. 

lineh'pin",  1  lincli'pin";  2  llnch'pln",  n.  A  pin  through 
the  end  of  an  axle,  to  keep  a  wheel  in  place.  [  <  AS. 
lynis,  axle,  +  pin.] 

Lln'coln,  1  Iin'kan;  2  lin'con,  n.  1.  Abraham  (1S09  ISC.r,), 
President  of  the  United  States  through  the  Civil  War;  issued 
Proclamation  of  Emancipation  Sept.  22.  1.N02,  and  Jan.  1, 
1863.  See  president.  2.  Benjamin  (1733- IS  10),  an 
American  Revolutionary  general  and  statesman.  3.  A  city 
In  N.  E.  England;  has  ancient  castle  and  cathedral:  pop. 
.r)7.000.  4.  A  city,  capital  of  .Nebraska;  1ms  university;  pop. 
55,000,  |"the  Swedish  nightingale. 

Lind,  1  lind;  2  lind,  Jenny  (1820-1SS7).     A  Swedish  singer; 

lin  'den,  1  lin'den;  2  lin'den,  n.  A  tree  of  soft  white  wood, 
with  cordate  leaves  and  cream=colored  flowers.  [  <  AS. 
linden,  <  lind,  linden.]  [botanist. 

Lind 'ley,  1  llnd'li;  2  lind'ly,  John  (1799-1805).    An  English 

Lind  'say,  n.    See  Lyndsay. 

line1,  1  lain;  2  lin,  v.  [lined;  lin'ing.1  1. 1.  1.  To  make 
lines  upon,  or  mark  with  lines.  2.  To  adapt,  or  train  to  a 
particular  kind  of  work.  .1.  To  put  in  line.  4.  To  read 
out,  line  by  line.     II.  i.     To  form  in  line,  :rs  for  playing 

football;  be  in  line.  [<L.*lineo,  <  linea,  line.] 
line2,  vt.  [lined;  lin'inc]  1.  To  put  a  covering,  usually 
of  different  material,  on  the  inside  surface  of.  2.  To 
cover  or  fill  the  inside  of.  3.  To  arrange  persons  or 
tilings  along  (a  line,  etc.):  often  with  up.  4§.  To  aid. 
[Prob.  orig.  <  tine,  linen.] 
line1,  n.  1.  A  string  or  cord.  2.  A  mark  drawn  by  a 
pen,  pencil,  or  the  Eke;  any  slender  mark  or  streak.  3. 
Something  relatively  long:  as,  a  railway  line.  4.  <  lutline; 
also,  a  lineament.  5.  A  dividing  edge.  li.  A  bound  in 
thought  or  conduct,  7.  A  course  in  which  anything 
proceeds;  route.  8.  A  course  oi  thought  or  action  9. 
A  series  of  objects  or  events;  row.  10.  Kinship  in  direct 
descent;  also,  a  series  of  persons  thus  related.  II-  \ 
row  of  written  or  printed  words:  hence-,  a  short  letter. 
12.  A  branch  of  mercantile  business.  13.  A  stool  ol 
goods  of  a  particular  kind  14.  Math.  That  which  is 
conceived  to  have  length  without  breadth  oi  thickness. 
15.  A  measure  of  length,  one-twelfl.liinoh.  16.  ! 
portation  system  operating  in  a  route  under  one  man- 
agement.    17.  Mil.   &  Naval.   (1)   A  row  of  soldiers 


drawn  up  in  an  extended  front.  (2)  A  trench  or  ram- 
part or  a  row  of  fortifications.  (3)  pi.  The  territory 
inclosed  or  occupied  by  a  military  force.  (4  |  The  aggre- 
gation of  combatant  troops;  specif'.,  in  the  United  State-, 
the  aggregation  of  officers  in  line  to  succeed  to  a  Com- 
mand. 18.  Naut.  The  equator:  with  the  definite  arti- 
cle, the  equinoctial  linej.  19.  Script.  A  cord  for 
measuring  land.  Pa.  xvi,  0.  20.  Qeog.  A  marking 
map  by  which  a  circle  of  latitude  or  longitude  is  indi- 
cated. [<  F.  ligne,  <  L.  linea,  linen  thread,  <  linum, 
flax.]  Syn.:  see  boundary;  mark.  —  line  of  force,  the 
straight  line  in  which  a  force  acts,  as  in  magnetism.  Mason 
and  Dixon's  line,  the  southern  boundary  ol  Pennsylvania, 
the  northern  limit  of  slavery,  roughly  separating  the  North 
from  the  South:  so  called  from  the  English  asl  ronomers  W  bo 
surveyed  it  in  1763-1767. 

line2,  n.    1.  The  liber  of  flax.    2.  Linen. 

lin'e-age,  1  lin'i-ij;  2  lin'e-ag,  n.     Ancestral  line  of  OOn- 
_  sanguinity;  pedigree;  family.     [<  L.  linea.   UNI    | 

lin'e-al,  1  lin'i-al;  2  lln'e-al,  a.  1.  Inn  direct  line  from  an 
ancestor;  hereditary.  2.  Made  with  lines.  [<  L.  line- 
alis,  <  linea;  see  line,  n.\    -ly,  adv. 

lin'e-a-ment,  1  lin'i-a-ment  or  -mant;  2  un'e-a-ment,  a. 

A  distinguishing  line  or  mark;  a  feature.     [  <  I.,  linea- 

_  mention,  <  Unco;  see  line',  r.]  [posed  of  lines. 

lill'e-ar,  1  lin'i-or;  2  lin'e-ar,  a.     Pertaining  to  or  com- 

lin'e-ate,  1  lin'i-et;  2  lfn'e-at,  a.  Marked  with  lines;  bearing 
five  longitudinal  lines,  as  a  leaf.    Iln'c-at"edt. 

line'man,  1  loln'man;  3  lln'man,  n.  1.  Sun.  a  man  who  car- 
ries the  tape,  line,  or  chain.  2.  A  man  employed  about  a 
telegraph  or  other  line,  especially  in  making  repairs. 

lin'en,  1  lin'en;  2  lin'en,   n.     A  fabric  woven  from   the 
fibers  of  flax;  articles  made  of  linen.     [<  AS.  th 
lin,  <   L.  linum,  flax.]— lln'ensdra"per,  n.     A  dealer  In 
linen  goods. 

lill'er1,  1  loin'ar;  2  lln'er,  n.  1.  A  vessel  belonging  to  a 
steamshipdine.  2.  One  who  draws  lines.  3.  Baseball. 
A  ball  batted  or  thrown  with  force  horizontally;. 

lin'er2,  n.  1.  One  who  makes  linings.  2.  A  lining,  or 
a  piece  used  in  forming  a  lining. 

ling1,  1  lin;  2  ling,  n.    A  cod'like  food  fish  of  the  North 

Atlantic,  or  one  of  various  other  fishes,  as  the  i. 

etc.     [<  AS.  la?ig,  long] 
ling2,  1  lit);  2  ling,  n.    The  heath  or  heather.    [<  Ice.  li/iiu.] 
-ling',  suffix.    Used  to  form  adverbs  from  DOUl  IdeJOltf- 

[<  AS.  -ling,-li/i!ia,-tunua.\  [ling. 

-ling2,  suffix.    Used  to  form  diminutives;  as,  lordltnft  duck.- 

lin'ger,  1  liij'gar;  2  lln'gcr,  vt,  iv  ri.  To  protract  or  pass 
waitingly;  drag;  be  long  about  going  or  coining;  lag, 
[<  AS./i'«!/'»i.  put  olT,  <  lang,  long  I 

Syn.:  he  slow,  crawl,  creep,  dawdle,  delay,  drag,  Dag,  halt, 

hang    lire,    hesitate,    lag,    loiter,    saunter,    wail.      Ant.:    sec 
synonyms  for  accelerate. — lln'gcr-cr,  r».     Ilu 'gcr-lng, 
pa.     Protracted;  slow;  dilatory.    Syn.:  sec  si.ow. 
Hn"ge-rie',  1  lah"3a-iT:  2  lairzhe-re'.  n.     Linen  articles  ,,f 
dress   collect  ively;    Women's    lace-l  rmiiiied    linen   or   cotton 

underwear,  etc.    [F.j 
lln'go,  1  lln'go;  2  lln'go,  n.    [Slang.]    Lai  olallj  if 

slightly  unintelligible;  a  dialect.     I-     L,  lingua,  " 
Syn.:  see  la.no  i  lgi 
lingua,  l  Urj'gwe;  2  lln'Swa,  n,  [LiN'orxaj,  1  -gwl; 

1.  The  tongue.    2.  A  language.     1 1.  I 

— lingua    Franca,    a    mixture   01    Italian    with    Arable. 

Turkish,  creek,  etc.:  used  between  the  inhabitants  of  wi  I 
ern  Europe  and  the  Orientals;  also,  anj  Blmilai   largon.    I. 

rustlca,    rural    or    rnstlc    Latin.      lln"giia-deii  'lal.    a     i 

n.     Dentilingual.     Iln"gul-«icn'ialt.    Un'gul-rorm,   a 

n,it.  Tongue-shaped,    lln'gua-fonn;. 
lin  glial,  1  lin'gwal;  2  Un'gwal.    I.  a.     Pertaining  to  the 

tongue  or  use  of  the  tongue  in  utterano       II. 

letter  pronounced  ohieflj  with  the  I ,  ■  •".  •"'• 

etc.    I  <  L.  lingua,  tongue  | 
lin'giiisl,  1  lir/gwi 

guages.    [<  b.  luit/iKi,  tongue  |     lln-guls'tlc 

cal,  a.    Ihi-gnls'iics,  a.    The  Miencc  ol  lai 

paral  Ivt  pbil  ■ 

llli'i-mcnt,   I    lln'r-rncrrl   or  -iii.rrit;  2  lln'l  men' 

liquid  preparat  Ion  for  external  use,  In  - 

iiaiiiinatioii,  etc.    |t.  ■    ii.  Unimcntum,  ■ 
lin'iiig,  ]  lain'irj;  2  Un'ing,         1.  A  coverini 

,,;■  ol  b  thing,  espi  wall}  when  ol  o  difli  n  nl  niat< 

rial;  also,  material  suitable  foi  moh  u  ■■  .    '.'•  M* 

ging.    3,  Pigurativt  ly,  ,     ,    , 

link",  1  link;  2  llr>k,  <t  a  I 

u be  oonni  cted  oi  loin 

link  i,  vi.  [North.  Ei 
link',  a.     I.  I  "<    ol  I !" 

'.   \ 

A  connecting-rod  whit  h  !  ow<  I  from  u 

ol  a  machine  to  anothi         '  A  l»  ngtn 

inches.   I  <  AS,  Uencs,  link  I 


link 

I  mi. 


link  . 
link.  t»<< 


itch  I 

link    .  link  man 


for  tin 


..«.<    prihn   Ml.  pi         ■  I       ..'    At:   full.  rfll.-.   but.  bom; 

.        »h»t.all;    inf.  gft.  prc>.  I'1";  !'•'.  '"  •    »       '      I  "      ••.«".  "On,         4M> 

!i, i   m.-i.i.    iimi.  1  lik'wi-fak'ahen;  2  UVwe-faVshon,  n. 
,,i  being  M><  It.  .1      lli|"iu--fi»'- 

,  I,  n  i . 
in,  «i«-i>  .        ,'«i  i.ii.  L'  :  -\         [-ri»i 

in,.  ]     r,,  convert  Into  •■!  become  liquid;  melt    I  -    I 

...  ,i 

11.1  '■•.  -Il    .i-l. I   .     .  II. |    ii,     ll    •  r. 

Il-<|ius«.n(.  1  K  kwe    .  nl .  L'  Ii  l.u.  ■  ■  hi.  a      Mi  1 1 1 1 1 1-- .  .,r 
having  a  tondenc)  to  mi  ll            i                           ppi   ■  " 
ituid      U-quea'eenee,  n, 
Il-i|iii-nr'.  l   Ii  kiir'.  L'  U-fcuV,  H.     An  alooholii rdial 

,i,,|  fla\  i,r.-.l  with  0.1  1 1    I 

ll<i  'ii III.  1  lik'wid;2  llk'wid.  1.  a  I.  Flowing,  oi  capable 
.,i  ii,. wiiu'.  I,,  ing  a  liquid,  '.'.  I  impid;cleai  S.  Flowing 
smoothly;  melhfluoua.  4.  Containing  "r  suggesting 
liquid;  watery,  fi.  Pronounoed  with  a  smoothly  Bowing 
sound     11.  ii.     1.  A  body  in  thai  state  in  which  the 

particles \  e  freelj  an  in  one 

,  and  take  always  i he  form  "i  thi 
'.'.  One  of  th*  four  consonants  I,  m,n,r.    I  •    i 

lao,  be  iiui'i  I   Bi  n    ••■  s  1 1 1  in     iiiiiiiii  .i i r 
ordinary  air  liquefied  by  compression  together  with  Intense 
.••■ill      ll.|iilil  lire,  aaming  petroleum,  ejected  by  high  prea- 
SUie       liquid    meuMire,    see    HBASUB1        lli| 'iil-il.id  . 

i  i, \ i "i  i .-I.  DAT"ma.]  I.  I  I.  Lav  (l)  To  deliver  the 
amount  >'t  settle  (2)  To  reduce  to  order  >ir  precision; 
adjust,  '•!.  Vo  render  more  liquid,  as  a  sound,  S|.  To  make 
plain.   II.  i.    ro  settle  one's  debts,    s.vn.:  see  pai      IIq" 

nl-, 1. 1   i  1.. ii.  Il(|  iil-il;i"tiir,    n,      11-inilil  l-l)  ,  n      The 

state  of  being  liquid.     Uq'uld-nessl.    Ilq'uld-ly,  ode. 

I  III  'ul<l-il  III  "liar,  1  llk'w  ii  I -am"  I. ..r.  2  iik'w  nl  am   bar,  n.     Bot 

I.  \  balsamlf erous  tree  ol  ind   Atlantic  North 

America     '!.  Vhe  balsam  yielded  by  this  tree,  used  li -ill 

cine  and  \  arnlah-makliig. 

liq'uor,  L  lik'ar;  2  ttVor,  a(  I.  To  treat  with  a  liquor  or 
solul ion     Z\ .  Ti i  am dnt;  glaze,  as  a  pie. 

liq'uor',  llik'ar;21Ik'oT,Ti  1.  iiny  alcoholic  or  intoxicat- 
iii!'  liquid  '-.  I  Ins  ol  various  solutions  8.  A  Liquid  of 
any  sort.    [<  F  Itgueur,  <  L.  liquor,  <  Itgueo,  be  fluid.] 

Il'iliinr-,  1  Inl'kwo-;  2  li'kwor.  n      [i.i'iji  oK-KS.  pi  1    An  ai|in- 

hiii.ni  in  the  0    B,  PharmacopcBla  of  a  nonvolatile 
substance,  except  simps.  Infusions,  and  decoctions.    [i.| 

Uq'ao-rlee,  i  m  t     Uq'uor-lsht. 

ll'ra.  l  M'r,..  2  H'ra,  n.    |-hk.  l  -re:  2  -r.-.  ;>/.|    I.  v  franc:  the 

Italian  nam)        '.".    A   Turkish  gold  ruin.     3.   Formerly,  an 

Austrian  silver  com.    [it  .  <  I..  libra,  pound.] 
I.ls'hun.  i  ii/.'ii.,n.  :_•  iia'bon,  n.    A  commercial  seaport  (pop. 

435,360),  capital  i>r  Portugal;  deattuctlve  lurihyuukc.  1765. 
Usle,  l  hi:  2  nl.  Claude  umiget  de  C1780  1836).    a  [Trench 

poel ;  author  of  the  Marsi 
lisp,  1  Lisp;  3  lisp.    I'.  '.'.  &  ii.    To  speak  with  a  I 

timidly;  to  pronounce  8  and  z  as  (A;  spi  ok  imperfectly. 

II.  n.  1.  Tli«-  act  or  habit  of  Lisping.  '£.  A  childish  or 
timid  utterance.    [<  AS.  wlisp,  lisping;.] 

lis  Sum,  1  li-',im;  2  lls'iiin,  ii.    Lithesome.    [Cor.  of  lithe- 

lls'some  .      ,r  -nil      lls'some-ness,  n. 

list    .1  li>t;  2  List,  t>(.  <fc  w'.    To  enroll  in  a  list  or  catalog; 

enlist.    S.mi.:  see  enroll. 
|i-i    .  -'    To  cover  with  list  or  the  like. 
Ilstfd,  o.    \.t.    I.  Waui.  To  cause  to  can 'ii,  as  a  ship.    2||. 

To  please;  gratify.    II.  i.    1.  Navi.  To  careen.    2||.  To 

wish;  choose.    [  <  AS.  lystan,  <  hut,  pleasure.] 
li-i    .    ■    .-.  [Poet.]    To  Listen  to;  Listen.     [<  AS. 

ii,  <  hlyst,  hearing.]    Syn.:  see  ubtbit, 
li-i    .   t.    To  enclose,  aa  a  field,  for  combat. 
Ilsf-n.    A  roll  or  catalog.    [<MHG.*ft  te,  border,  strip.] 
Syn.:  catalog,  category,  enrolment,  enumeration,  Index, 

Inventory,  Invoice,  record,  register,  registry,  roll,  schedule. 
list2,  n.    1.  The  selvage  of  cloth:  called  also  listing,    'i. 

Any  outer  edge;  boundary.  [<  AS.  Viet,  border  of  cloth  ] 
h-i  .         I.  A.  careening.    2f.  Desire.    [<  AS.  lust, 

pleasure.] 
list',  ii.     A  barrier  of  a  justing-field;  in  the  plural,  the 

Geld  itself:  also  figuratively.    !•    <<l    /     e,  <    LL  licia, 

barrier,  prob.  •    L.  Itetvm,  thread.] 
lls'til,  l  li-'til:  2  lis'ti'l.  n.    Anii.    A  small  sfjuarc  molding. 

[F„  dim.  ":  !  .  n.l 

lis'ten,  1  uVn:  2  uVn,  a.    I  .  <    To  hear;  attend  to.    II.  i. 

1.  To  attend  closely  for  the  purpose  of  hearing;  barken. 

2.  To  heed  or  trust  what  is  heard     [  <  list1,  v.] 
Syn.:  attend,  hark,  barken,  bear,  need,  list.    To  hear  Is 

.mi, i.  to  u  u  n  la  to  make  a 
ous  effort  or  endeavor  to  hear.    We  may  hear  without 
:  a  ii.  as  words  suddenly  uttered  In  an  adjoining  room ;  or 
we  may  "  U  it  without  hearing,  as  to  a  distant  speaker.    Be- 
tween listen  and  hear  is  a  difference  like  that  between  the 

words  "look"  and  "-i ■<■."     In  li  letting  the  'ar  Is  Intent  upon 

the  sound;  In  attetu  11    Intent  upon  the  thought, 

<<  tenino  bnplli  ntlon  to  the  meaning  or  im- 

ix,ri  or  tti<'  s'lund.  To  heed  Is  not  only  to  attend,  but  to  re- 
member and  observe,    ([Often  la  marly  obsolete.-  Ant.:  be 


I  -         > 

' 
i    t..n    I  inn,-        I  iii-n.    .in.  Un- 

it bird,  with  a 

I  lie   inaliv      |  •       \  - 

ll-n,.  I,  -inn.   1  ■       •.        \   I 

ring     [  v. 

II  n, ,.  i  v  p.  .  .  I.  A  line  ol  type 

■ 

lin  «. .  ,i  .  d.  AS 

lin  .,  \   m ,..d  se) .  I. 

II.  \  doth  of  this 

loth,    •   wool.  ] 

Hi,  si,„  k.  An  iron-shod  pik,' 

!  a  rope  match  for  tirinu 

.  stick!] 

urn  -to.  k  . 
Hue.  |  I .  town  of  raveled  or 

'.'.   \  net ;  netting. 
■     <   ME.  lin,  flax,    <   AS 

lin  t.  I.  1  tal  top 

ning      '!.  An\  bon- 
<  LL. 
■ 
lint  whlti    .  t'hwlt*.  n.       I 

lln'tj  Hhh 
li  on,   I  I-  A  very  large  carnivorous 

n   Asia,  usually 
■ 

-picuous^^f 

■    Tb^l*  i  ■ .  7T 

pecu  IsawB 

and  curiosity;  a      Mtv^ 
o  r 

4.  ! 

lion  ]     ll'on- 
li  'oD-heart ".  ■      I.  A  pera 

I.    hi   i  r  I  •  d.  II  'i.n-l/. 

II  on-l-i-:. 

lip.  i-.<;.]  1. 1.  1.  [Poet.]  To  touch 

t  iss.    2|.  To  utter  with  I 

.;   trim;  dip.     II.   i. 

■   ■■  reed  or  mouthpiece 
lipped,  a.    Having  lips. 

lip.  I .  r  organs  that  bound 

':.  .  ■  speech ; 

■'i.  Vnything  having  the  pm; 

[ <  AS.  Uiij/'i.  Up.]     Syn    -•■<■  MABOIM. 

i.ip   i-ri  i-i  in1-.  -     2  Up'a-rt    a  volcanic  group  of 

• 
ll-p..'ir>-rii).   1    I .-;-■•:.'. -mi:  2  Il-p6th'y-rny.  n.     Fainting; 

thy  mi,   .  life  ] 

I.ip  p.  .  i  lermany; 

lip  [.•  11.  ■']     To 

i  by  to  or  on. 

Up 'pi,  t  lllppo  "I  ra  Lippo 

Italian  pain',  -  and  m  oil. 

Il'i  . 

Il'l'iii-M  •    .  •'..>-M:  2  llk'wa-M,  a.     r.'apable  ol  being 

liquid.] 
U'qoati  [U'QOAT-BBS;   i.i'- 

L.    llquatus.    pp.,     < 
ll-ciu.i'tlon. 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    q  =  mng;    thin,    Ibis. 
467        2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   fill,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,'   this. 


deaf  to,  ignore,  neglect,  scorn,  slight. —  Prep.:  we  listen  for 
what  we  expect  or  desire  to  hear;  we  listen  to  what  we  actu- 
ally do  hear;  listen  for  a  step,  a  signal,  a  train:  listen  to  the 
debate.— lis 'ten-er,  n. — listening  post.  (Mil.)  A  post 
from  which  soldiers  can  detect  mining  or  other  operations 
by  an  enemy. 
Lls'ter,  1  lis'tar:  2  lls'ter,  Lord  (1827-1912).  Joseph  Lister, 
an  English  surgeon;  father  of  antiseptic  surgery. — Lis'ter- 
lsm,  n. — Hs'ter-ln(es,  1  lis'tar-in  or  -in;  2  lis'ter-in  or  -in, 
n.  An  antiseptic  solution  of  benzoic  acid,  boric  acid,  bo- 
rax, thymol,  etc.,  used  in  surgery. 
list 'less,  1  list'les;  2  list'lgs,  a.  Inattentive;  heedless  of 
what  is  passing;  languid.  [<  list3,  n.,  2.]  Syn.:  see  ab- 
stracted; faint;  inattentive. — list'less-ly,  adv. — lisf- 
Iess-ness,  n.  [poser  and  pianist. 

Liszt,  1  list;  2  list,  Franz  (1S11-1866).    A  Hungarian  corn- 
lit,  imp.  &  pp.  of  light,  v. 
lit.,  abbr.    Liter,  literally,  literary,  literature. 
lit'a-ny,  1  lit'a-m;  2  Ht'a-ny,  n.     [-niesz,  pi.]    A  suppli- 
catory or  responsive  prayer.     [  <  Gr.  litaneia,   <  lis- 
somai,  pray.]     Syn.:  see  prayer. 
Ii"tchi',  1  ireTii';  2  li'chi',  n.    A  Chinese  tree  bearing  a  straw- 

berry=like  fruit;  also,  the  fruit.    [Chin.] 
Lit.  D.,  Litt.  D.,  abbr.    [L.]    Literarum  {Litterarum)  Doctor 

(Doctor  of  Letters). 
-lite,  I  suffixes.    Used  in  mineral«names.    Compare -ite.    [< 
-lith,  <t  F.  -lithe,  <  L.  -lithus,  <  Gr.  lithos,  stone.) 
li'ter,  1  ll'tar;  2  li'ter,  n.     A  measure  of  capacity.     See 
metric  system,  under  metric.    [  <  F.  litre,  <  Gr.  lilra, 
pound.)    li'tret.  [dition  of  being  literate. 

lit'er-a-cy,  1  lit'ar-a-st;  2  lit'er-a-cy,  n.  The  state  or  con- 
lit  'er-al,  1  lit'ar-al;  2  lit'er-al,  a.  1.  According  to  the  let- 
ter or  verbal  statement;  not  metaphorical.  2.  Follow- 
ing the  exact  words.  3.  Consisting  of  or  expressed  by 
letters.  4.  Matter*of=fact;  unimaginative.  5.  Exact  as 
to  fact  or  detail.  [<  L.  litera,  letter.)  Syn.:  see  verbal. 
— lit'er-al-ism,  n.  1.  Literal  exactitude  of  expression.  2. 
In  the  fine  arts,  a  tendency  to  represent  without  idealizing. 
— lit'er-al-ist,  n—  lit'er-al-ly,  adv.— lit'er-al-ness,  n. 
Hfer-al'I-tyJ. 
lit'er-a-ry,  1  lit'ar-e-n;  2  Ut'er-a-ry,  o.     Pertaining  to, 

practised  in,  or  devoted  to  literature. 
lit'er-ate,  1  lit'or-it;  2  lit'er-at.     I.  a.     Having  a  knowl- 
edge of  letters.     (1)  Able  to  read  and  write.     (2)  Liter- 
ary.   II.  n.    One  versed  in  letters.     [  <  L.  literatus,  < 
litera,  letter.) 
lit"e-ra'ti,  1  lit"i-re'tai ;  2  lif'e-ra'tl,  n.  pi.     [-tus,  sing.] 

Men  of  letters;  scholars.  [L.] 
lit"e-ra'tim,  1  lit"i-re'ttm;  2  lit"e-ra'tim,  adv.  Letter  for 
letter;  with  exact  literalness;  literally.  [LL.,  <  L. 
litera.  letter.) 
lit 'er-a-ture,  1  Ht'ar-a-cTiur  or  -tiur;  2  lit'er-a-chur  or 
-tur,  n.  1.  Written  or  printed  productions;  in  the  emi- 
nent sense,  such  as  are  marked  by  elevation,  vigor,  and 
catholicity  of  thought,  purity  and  grace  of  style,  and 
artistic  construction.  2.  The  portion  of  such  writings 
that  pertains  to  any  particular  epoch,  subject,  etc.  3. 
In  a  restricted  sense,  the  portion  of  literary  productions 
that  excludes  the  positive  sciences.  4.  Literary  work. 
5.  Acquaintance  with  letters  or  books.  [OF.,  <  L. 
literatura,  <  litera,  letter.) 

Syn.:  belles-lettres,  books,  literary  productions,  publica- 
tions, writings.  Literature  is  collective,  referring  to  all  that 
has  been  published  in  some  land  or  age.  or  in  some  depart- 
ment of  human  knowledge;  us,  the  literature  of  Greece;  the 

literature  of  the  Augustan  age;  the  litt  future  ol  politics  or  of 
art.  Literature,  used  absolutely,  denotes  what  bas  been 
called  "polite  literature"  or  belleS'lettri  ,i.e.,  the  works  col- 
lectively that  embody  taste,  feeling,  loftiness  of  thought, 
and  purity  and  beauty  of  style,  as  poetry,  history,  action, 
and  dramatic  compositions.  Including  also  much  of  philo- 
sophical writing,  as  the  Republic  of   Plato,  and  oratorical 

productions,  as  the  orations  or  Demosthenes  In  Che  broad 
sense  we  can  speak  ol  the  literature  ot  science;  in  the  narrower 
sense,  we  speak  ot  literaturi  and  science  as  distinct  depart- 
ments of  knowledge  Ltteratun  is  also  used  to  signify  iiht- 
ary  pursuits  or  occupations;  as,  to  devote  one's  life  to  litt  r- 
alure.  Compare  knowledge;  science. 
-Ilth,  suffix.    See  -lite. 

Lith.,  abbr.    Lithuanian.— 11th.,  llthog.,  abbr     Lithography. 

lith'argc,  1  lith'arj;  2  Hth'Urg,  n.  Lead  monorid,  made 
by  heating  lead  in  a  current  "1  air:  used  in  glassrnak- 
ing,  etc.     [<   Gr.  lithoB,  Btone,     I    argyros,  silver.] 

lithe,  1  laith;  2  Ilth,  a.  Bending  ea  ilj  or  gracefully; 
supple.    [ <  AS.  tithe,  soft.]    Syn.:  sec  si  in  i 

— IHIie'ly,  adv.  Ilthe'ness,  n,  llthe'some,  o.  Some- 
what lithe,   lis'somt-   Syn.:  see  supple 

lith'cr',  1  lith'ar  or  lalth'sr:  2  litn'er  or  llth'er.  a.  [Prov.  Bug.] 
Lithe;  supple;  pliant.    Ilth'er-nesg»ti  n     Littleness. 

lith'cr^,  a.     Worthless;  idle.    I        \S    lu'hn   I    llth'or-oust. 

— llth'cr-Iy't,  adv.— Ilth 'er-ne«g»ti  n     Worthtassness. 


link 

Little 

llth'er-ly,  1  ltth'ar-h;  2  lirti'er-ly,  o.    1.  [Prov.  Eng  ]  Crafty 

mischievous.    2t.  Lazy— Ilth 'er-lyt. 

lith'i-a,  1  llth'i-a;  2  lith'i-a.  n.  Chem.  A  white  caustic  com- 
pound that  dissolves  slowly  in  water  to  form  lithium  liv- 
drate.    [<  lithium.) 

lith'i-um,  1  lifh'i-um;  2  lith'i-um,  n,  A  soft  metallio 
element,  the  lightest  solid  element.    S  .  r,    [  < 

Gr.  lithos,  stone.)— Ilth 'lc,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  vl  i  to  lab- 
ium; (2)  to  stone. 

litu'o-,  (1  lifh'o-.  lifh-:  2  llth'o-.  lith-.     From  Greek  lithos, 

Ilth-,  (stone:  combining  forms.— llth"o-frac'teur.  n.  A 
high  explosive  compound  of  nitroglycerin.  [+  1..  fruclu's, 
broken.) 

lith'o-graph,  1  1  lifh'o-graf;  2  lith'o-graf.     I',   if.     To 

lith'o-graf,  )  produce  by  lithography.  II.  n.  A  litho- 
graphic print.  [<  tir.  lithos,  stone,  +  -..Kuan  J  - 
lith-OK'ra-pher,  «.— litli"o-grapli'ic.  a.  Pertaining  to 
or  produced  by  lithography.  lith"o-graph  l-cal : .  lit  It— 
ographle  stone,  a  yellowish,  compact,  flne>grained,  slat] 
limestone  used  in  lithography.  I.  slate:.  Uth-og'ra  phy, 
n.  The  art  of  producing  printed  matter  from  u  stone  or 
stones  on  which  a  design  has  been  made 

Litliol.,  abbr.    Lithology. 

llth-ol'a-try,   n.      Worship   paid    to   stones.      |        rjTB 
Gr.  latreia,  worship.)  -lith-ol'a-trous,  a.-   litli-ol 'o-g> , 
n.     1.  Geol.  The  science  thai   treats  of  lucks  as  mineral 

masses,  especially  with  reference  to  Iheir  mlCTOSCOpll 
acter.    2.  Med.  The  branch  thai  treats  of  calculi  In  the  hu- 
man system  and  their  removal.    |  |    -looi  i     lith"o-log1c, 
a.    lith"o-loK'i-cal;.     Ilth-ol'o-glst,  n.     lit li  'o-tiiit.    . 

1.  The  art  of  producing  pictures  in  color-tints  from  lit !>,>- 
graphic  stones.  2.  A  picture  so  produced  lith-ot'o-my, 
n.  Surg.  The  operation  of  removing  stone  from  i  he  bladder 
by  incision  into  the  organ.  [  +  Gr.  Itiuiio.  cut  1  llth"o- 
tom'lc,  a.— Ilth-ot'o-nilst,  «.— Hth-ot'rl-ty,  n.  Surg, 
The  operation  of  reducing  stone  in  the  bladder  to  line  frag- 
ments. [  +  L.  tritus,  pp.  of  tero,  rub]  litli-ot  'rl|t-s)  ;. 
lith'o-trite,  n.    Any  Instrument  used  in  llthotrlty. 

Llth"u-a'ni-a,  1  lith'yu-e'ni-a;  2  liili  yu-a'ni-a.  n.  A  for- 
mer grand  duchy,  now  divided  between  Prussia  and  Russia. 
— Lith"u-a'ni-an,  a.  &  n. 

lith'y,  1  laim'i;  2  11th' y.  a.    Lithe:  flexible;  willowy 

lit'i-gant,  1  lit'i-gant;  2  lit'i-gant.  La.  Disposed  to  liti- 
gate; engaged  in  litigation.   II.  n.   A.  party  to  a  lawsuit 

Iit'i-gate,  1  lit'i-get ;  2  Ut'i-gat,  vt  &  m     [-qat*i 

inc.]     To  bring  into  or  engage   in   litigation.      (<    L. 
litigatus,  pp.  of  litigo,  strive!     lit  'i-ga-lil  i"  .  a,     llt"l-ga'- 
tlon,  n.     The  act  of  carrying  on  a  soil    in  a  law    conn 
llt'i-ga"tor,  n.     A  litigant.     U-tlg'lous,  a.     Inclined  to 
litigation.    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

llt'mus,  1  llt'mus;  2  lit'mus,  u.  A  blue  dyestufl  made  by  fer- 
menting certain  coarsely  powdered  lichens,    n  is  turned  red 

by  acids  and  when  treated  with  an  alkali  II  returns  to  lis 
original  color.  [<  D.  lackmoes,  <  lak,  LAC1,  I  mow,  pulp.) 
— 1.  paper,  bibulous  paper  dipped  Into  a  solution  oi  minus. 
and  used  to  test  solutions,  etc.,  In  order  to  determine  w  aether 
they  are  acid  or  alkaline. 

Il'tre,  n.    Same  as  liter. 

IU'ten§,  ;;/>.  of  light,  v. 

lifter,  1  lit'or;  2  Ht'er,  v.    I.  t.    1.  To  brin 

litter  of  young.    2.  To  scatter  (straw,  eti 

3.  To  scatter  things  in  carelessly      II.  /.    To  give  birth 

to  a  litter  of  young 
lifter,  n.     1.  A  number  of  young  animals  at  a  birth 

2.  Straw,  bay,  etc.,  used  as  bedding  foi  animals     8.  \ 
state  of  disorder.    4.  A  stretchei  foi  carrying  >! 
orwounded;  formerly  also  a  vehicli    '  ifts  a\ 
each  end.     [<  LT  lectica,  <  lectus.  bed.]    Syn.*  see  rux  k 

llt"ter-a-leur'.  1  Ut'er-e-tOr';  2  Utr*6l  a  an'  l who  is 

by  profession  engaged  In  literal  ore      |1    .  I      Mil 

hi,  i.i .  letter  | 

lit' tie,  1  lit'l;  2  llt'l.     I.  o.     [less;  lbasi  dial    or 

colloq.),  i.h'i  i  i  it.   i  ii'h  i  si  I     I.  0  ;  ount, 

quantiu,  etc  .  below   the    .rdinarj         II  '■" 

small,     (2)   Below  the  usual  aim. urn :  re  

Below  the  normal  distance m       borl    bni 

[nsignificant;  petty;  heme,  mean  '-'•  Smallei  than 
other  like  things,     H.   « 

tun,-,  etc.    III.   '  ■  EAST.]    1.  In  ..  iiuull  ac 

dree;  slightly.    2.  When  used  I  rb,  nol   \\   ul; 

as,  shelt«i(  knows.    [<  AS  litel,       lyt.  littli  I 
svn  ■  (adj.)  brief,  contemptible,  diminutive,  f..i.i,    ,,„,„, 

sldcnibie.  Inslgnlflcant, I>lc.  minute,  i 

paltry,  pi  tty,  short,  ilendi  i    II 

unimportant      See  lnbionifk  int;  lum  rs;  utAU,     MM 

sec-  synonyms  for  itiut  nsi  .  LAnoi 

Lit 'tic .-Ku'VlaiHl-iT.  »      "<>•    "f  H I M..'h. 

territorial  expan  ilon  or  the  Brltl  I plre,  and  W  Imperui 

on      in  'ile-ncss.  n 

Lit 'tie    Itnl    Itldlng    II "■       I 

,/,     Tempi    a  little  girl  with  a  rod  clonk,  who 

thai  impersonates  her  and  di  voui    o«  grand tnci 


Utile  Borfc      ,,  ,  ,        .-      ,•        i    •     i       ,,         ,-.    Bt4,  ar;  fun,  i-oi.-:  but,  bftrn; 

H»eu<  ...  iii  i  ......     ,.'i„,   40.S 


IK  (l.-  K.x-k,       \ 

l  It   il.    Kn-   >l»        \  . 


. 


Il-liif    . 
I  l-in   |.r  in.l. 


I  -i    in  .  pup 

I    the 
M  .\Hiilll.  ii   r ml   »  mil. 

I. 

Il-tiir'glr.  Il-liirnl-ral;. 

Hi   . 

I'»  <  .  I.      I .  i         ntinuc  in 

•■•rin  lu 
II.  I .  •,   inherent   | 

•.•     I 
3.  '■■  lilt  a 

I.    .      ha\ ■■  n 
i  ■   :i  liveliboo 

••■  divine  influence  or  faith 

• 

VS.  lifian,  live.] 
Sri.  mv.ui  . 

•  i  ii  i       Ant  :  sec  gj  nonj  nia 
.  town;  at  or  .  ■ 

1 1  getabli 

I.,  lit .    ,i...»  ii. 

Hi    i-i.l  •    .  living;  in  f..r 

in.   .1-1.1  .         lived,  1  loll  H  .\  Lng  a 

lln-'ii-i I.         i 

! 
Hi-    l..ii»'  .  whole; 

Hi.    ii .  I.   I  wl!  of 

'.'.  I 
i.  Striking  to  i'  i  I  • . 

•  .  Aim  .  m.i  in  .  alive;  i  in  i  in  i  i.; 

I      I      -I'llloH  I  1.1      \  l\   Mini  SI   VIVIII. 
111.      Il-ll  .  II I  <-  'll-IK .  111.        oak      . 

■  .  -  ..■  o;ik  family. 

1  •  :  alive;  quick.     2. 

...        il:  opera- 

-     burning  or  glowing,     i.'i)   Print. 

'•■  '       I  '■•-x-»iiig  livt-liii<-.-s  or  ani- 

mation; aV  •  Sin.:  aee  u.m. 

Iii.    i  irrult         wire,         -cult  or  wire  I  hroueh  which  an 
lini  Ire  • 

llv  «r  .  .  :iv.  -;  a  dweller. 

In  .  r  .  ..  il  organ  ..1   \ erb  bratea, 

: 

111  Vr=i  ol"or,  n.     A 
I    •  nlon  d . 
iii  .r-i.  .if  .  leai  perennial 

I  l>    er-| I.  A  seaport  Cll 

7  i"  nd:  on  tin-  river  M(  I 

Hi  '.  r-v\ ..ri .  .  -       2  uVer-wurt*,  n     1.  One  of 

'.'.   I  be  liverleaf. 
Ill   «r->.  .  •  -',  /./  )     1.  A  uniform 

the  distinguishing  drees  oi  any 

keeping  of  horw  a  and   • 
:.  i stated  allowance  oi 

I .  .>.  ( I  .   s  J  A 

.  tree  J     llv'er- 
ih  'er-y-man, 
i  ■;.  \  freeman  of  any 

i         ind.    .'It. 
Ii  ••  r;.  of  -.  l/ln.  (orm    . 

ii    r,i  •-. .  hold     -•  i/in  and 
•    vi  t,cr<-  li.ir-v.~i  and 

Hi   id.   . 

Ih   i-I-ii.  --.  Ii-ii, ri-ii    . 

Bring,  I.  I  .  r  vitnl- 

: .  1 1 .        i . 

i                          .'•  irch,  a  beni  ■ 

:.  r  of  life.     4. 

I  ■ 

living  r..i  k        -lone,  rock 
•ion. 
l.h  •Inic--i..n.  Philip    17 

An  American  pair  •  independence. 


Wall-li/urd 


'.--■ 


I. lama. 


."  aj 


i  i>  lng-»l David  (1813 

i  ii  in-.  i  Itun  r.ii.ninii-     n  ii   c 

\    n  iii). 

Il'ir,  .    I  ||         •     ••   '     ■.  ■       •         \      ..l.i   |  .  .  .  ,  h  rtn  m      of   nT.iiinl 

coin.  worth  i  Hora,  ih.iiihI  | 

ll\-l>  l-.il.    l 

lb)  llxlvlatlon     ll\-h  i-aic: :  ll\-li  1-..11- 

IU-Ii    l-alr,  1  Ilk-.  11  1-1-.,.  I 

!■•  ii\-i>i-.r- 

" ■      1  be  prooeai  ol  extracting  a  soluble  ,n  •  1 1  01 

compound      from      n 
mixture    h) 
leaching  li\-i>  1- 

iini.        v     ilutlon  ..r 
alkallni 
11/  .ini,    1    lia'ord;    2 
IU'ar.1,   11       A  four- 

I  r.  1  >t il,-  ns  the  chameleon,  with  a  long  seal)  body 
and  long  tail     |  •    1  '  lot  ■  rta,  lisard  I 
11.  Lai  in   1  aw  1  atln,  1  m  Latin     I.  I.,  abbr. 

an  tin  1  in-  place  quoted 

III    111.1.    I  \   Soulli-Aiii.  ri.-aii  i-ani.l- 

likc  riiiiuiiaiii  with  woolly  coat.    [Peru  ] 

ll.i'no.   I   |,ri„.  .<•   i.\';,  ,   lyfl'no;  2  la'no  nr  (.s>  1   I'.a'no.  /;.      A 

Mat  treeleaa  plain,  aa  thewldo  ki 
northern  South  America.    [Sp    ton 
I  1    It.,  abbr.    |l..|    Lcgum  Baccalau 
of  Laws)      1. 1..  I».,  ahhr. 
|1..|    Legum  Doctor  1 1  loo- 
tor  of   I 

I.lojil  George,  1  lold  JerJ; 

•     liaild    1863 
).   Kin,-,  stau  -111:111 . 
r,  1917 
Lloyd's,  1  lelds;  210yds,  ". 
An  assoclatlonol  1 
underwriters   ol    marine 

Insurance,  ilei  oil  ,|  to  Hie 

collection   and   distribu- 
tion of  marine  news. 
I.M..     V.    Lung  ineier.  —  L.M.D.,abbr.    Long  inel.T  double. 
I<>,   1  Behold!  observe!      [  -      \s    U  | 

loach,  1  1  id     2  loch,  n      \    mall  fresh«water  fish,  like  a 

minnow.     (  <   !■'  lochi  .  loach  ] 

load  .  1  lod;  2  lad,  1 .  I.  1  I.  To  lay  a  burden  on;  lade. 
'.'.  I  '  put  on  or  into  to  !»•  carried,  '-i.  I"  charge  with 
ammunition.  4.  To  weigh  down;  encumber.  5.  To  im- 
or  to  confer  on  in  gn-at  abundance;  heap  <>.  To 
make  heavy  by  means  of  something  added.  7.  To  adul- 
terate s.  1  mix  with  white  bo  as  t,>  render 
more  opaque.  II.  i.  I.  'I"  take  on  a  load  'i.  To 
charge  a  gun  with  a  load.  S.vn.:  burden,  charge,  cumber, 
lade,  oppress,  weigh  down,     luad'er,  n. 

load,  1.    1  bal   which  is  laid  upon  anything  for  con- 

veyance; a  burden,  'i.  Thai  which  i-  borne  with  diffi- 
culty; figuratively,  grievous  menial  burden.     :i.  The 

charge  of  a  firearm.     4.  A   weight  of  van- 

5.  The  resistance  to  a  motor  ol  the  machinery  which  it 
drives.  (».  Downward  pressure  on  a  structure  cans,-, I 
by  gravity  alone  nicad  load  or  by  gravity  increased  by 
the  stresses  of  transverse  motion  (Jive  load  |,  [ME.  lode. 
111   a  carrying,  <    I  odd.] 

Syn.:  burden,  cargo,  charge,  dog.  encumbrance,  freight, 

InCUbUS,  pack,  weight.      A    hl/rrli  n    Is   what    one   has    1o   hear, 

ami  the  word  is  used  chiefly  of  ihat  which  is  borne  by  a  living 
agent  A  /.«;</  is  what  is  laid  upon  a  person,  animal,  or  con- 
veyance, or  what  la  customarily  so  imposed;  as.  a  twohorse 
toad.    ir<  i'lhi  measures  the  pressure  due  10  gravity;  tin 

■  thai  on,-  finds  a  moderate  i"<m  when  In  his  full 
strength  becomes  a  In  weariness  or  weakness. 

p's  /»'"/  is  called  distinctive]  or  11  maj   be 

known  as /ri  Bdlargel    of  transpor- 

tation or  of  merchandise  transported   by  rail,  which  Is,   In 

commercial  language,  said  to  be  "shipped  "  i'r,  ii/iii  denotes 
merchandise  In  or  for  transportation,    a  /<«/</  to  i»-  fasti  n<  .i 

iilMin  a   horse  or  mule  Is  called   a   pact,  and   1  he  animal    Is 

i.iio-...  a  as  a  pack>borae  or  pack>muli      See  w  1  ioht. 

load'slar",    load 'stone",     n.       Same     as     LODE8TAB,    i.nni.- 

lornf,  1  I8f;  2  lof,  vt.  <v  ri.    To  pass  (the  time)  la/ily  or 
idly;  lounge;  loit.-r.     [<  G.  laufen,  run]     loafer,  n. 

An   idler,   lounger;  vagrant. 

loaf,  ■'  !     '  as  of  bread,  cake, 

1.  oded  to  be  cut.    |  <  AS.  hUif,  load] 

loam,  1  lom;  2  Ion,      I.  oai  or  smear  with  loam. 

II.  1.  A  iion-coherr-nt  mixture  of  sand  and  clay,  con- 

taining organic  matter,  'i.  In  founding,  a  mixture  of 
-and  and  clay,   Usually  with  straw  or  the  like:   u.seij  to 

make  molds.    (  ^  A8.  Ita,  loamj— loam'y,  a. 
loan,  1  Ion;  2  Ion.    I.  vt.  &  ri.    [U.  8.]  To  lend.    II.  n. 


-™    i:8=,rfin?1;   J-,1"11?'4-!    alsle:    «U  =  0«t;    ell;    Iu  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    rj  =  8inff;    thin,   this.  Little  Rook 
469    2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  locus 


Something  lent,  as  money;  act  of  lending.    [<  AS.  Jo  re, 
loan.] 

Lo-an'da,  Saint  Paul  de.    See  Saint  Paul  de  Loanda. 

loaning,  1  15n'in:  2  lOn'ing,  re.  [Scot.]  A  space  between  culti- 
vated fields  through  which  cattle  are  driven;  also,  a  milking' 
place.    [<  lane.]    loan]:. 

loath,)  1  loth;  2  16th,  a.    1.  Strongly  disinclined;  reluc- 

loth,    )  tant.    2t-  Hateful.    [  <  AS.  lath,  hateful.] 
Syn.:  see  reluctant. 

loathe,  1  loth;  2  loth,  vt.  &  vi.  [loathed;  loath'ing.] 
To  regard  with  hatred  and  disgust;  abhor;  detest.  [< 
AS.  Idthian,  <  lath,  hateful]     Syn.:  see  abhor. 

— loath'cr,  re.—  loath'ful,  a.  Abhorring.— loath 'ine, 
n.  Extreme  dislike  or  nausea;  aversion.  Syn.:  see  antip- 
athy.— loath'ly,  a.  Loathsome. — loath'ness,  re. — loath'- 
some,  a.    Exciting  aversion  or  disgust.    -Iy,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

loaves,  1  16vz;  2  lovs.  n.    Plural  of  loaf. 

lob1,  1  lob;  2  16b.  I.  vt.  [lobbed;  lob'bing.]  To  pitch  or 
strike  (a  ball)  so  as  to  make  a  lob.  II.  re.  1.  A  soft  thick 
lumpy  mixture;  a  lump.  2.  A  worm  for  bait.  3.  Lawn- 
tennis.  A  stroke  that  sends  the  ball  well  into  the  air  and  the 

■  full  distance  of  the  opponent's  court.  4.  Cricket.  A  slow 
ball,  delivered  underhand.  5||.  A  dull  lout.  [<  W.  Hob. 
dunce.]  [guidly.    [Var.  of  lop",  v.] 

lob=,  r.    1. 1.    To  cause  to  droop.    II.  i.   To  hang  or  move  lan- 

lo'batc,  1  lo'bet;  2  lo'bat,  a.  Composed  of  lobes;  lobe= 
like,    lo'bat-edj.— lo-ba'tion,  re. 

lob 'by,  1  leb'i;  2  lob'y.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [lob'bied;  lob'bt- 
inq.]  [U.  S.]  To  try  to  carry  (a  bill)  through  a  legisla- 
tive body  by  outside  influence.  II.  n.  [lob'biesz,  pi.] 
1.  An  anteroom,  as  of  a  legislative  hall.  2.  Men  en- 
gaged in  lobbying.  [<  LL.  lobia,  <  OHG.  louba,  ar- 
bor.]— lob'by-ist,  re. 

lobe,  1  lob;  2  lob,  re.  A  protuberance,  especially  globular, 
as  of  the  ear  or  of  a  leaf.  [F.,  <  Gr.  lobos,  prob.  <  lepo, 
peel.] — lobed,  a.    Lobate. 

Lo-be'11-a,  1  lo-bl'h-a;  2  lo-be'11-a,  n.  Bot.  1.  A  large  genus  of 
herbaceous  plants  with  showy  flowers  either  axillary  or  in 
bracted  racemes.  2.  [1-]  A  plant  of  this  genus.  [<  Mat- 
thias de  Lobrl,  botanist.] 

lob'lol"ly,  1  lob'lel'i;  2  16b'161"y,  n.  [-lies,  1  -lz;  2  -is,  pi.] 
Naul.  A  thick  oatmeal  gruel. — lob 'lol-ly  spine",  re.  A 
large  tree  found  in  swamps  and  old  fields  from  Delaware  to 
Florida  and  thence  to  Texas;  also,  any  of  several  allied  trees. 

lob'scouse",  1  lob'skaus";  2  lob'scous",  n.  Naul.  A  dish  con- 
sisting of  salt  meat,  vegetables,  and  biscuit,    lob's  oourset. 

lob'ster,  1  leb'star;  2  lob'ster,  n.  1.  A  large  marine  crus- 
tacean used  as  food.  2.  One  of  various  other  long= 
tailed  crustaceans,  as  a  crawfish.  [  <  AS.  loppestre,  < 
L.  locusla,  shell=fish.] 

lob'uie,  1  leb'yul;2  lob'yul.  re.  A  small  lobe.  [Dim.  of  lobe.] 
— lob'u-lar,  a. — lob'u-late,  a.    Having  lobes  or  lobelets. 

lo'cal,  1  lo'kal;  2  lo'cal.  I.  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  place  in 
general.  2.  Pertaining  to  a  prescribed  place  or  a  limited 
portion  of  space.  II.  n.  An  accommodation  or  suburban 
train.  [<  LL.  localis,  <  L.  locus,  place.] — lo'cal-ism, 
re.  A  mode  peculiar  to  a  place;  local  custom;  idiom;  pro- 
vincialism.— lo-cal'1-ty,  n.  [-ties'-,  pi.]  A  definite  region 
In  any  part  of  space;  geographical  position;  restriction  to  a 
particular  place.  Syn.:  see  neighborhood;  place.  —  lo"- 
cal-i-za'[or  -sa'ltlon,  re.— lo'cal-ize  or  -ise,  vt.  [-IZED; 
-iz"in'u.]    To  determine  the  exact  place  of.  —  lo'cal-lj  ,  mh  . 

lo-oale',  1  lo-kfil';  2  lo-eal',  n.  Locality;  specif.,  a  spot  con- 
sidered witii  reference  io  surrounding  circumstances.    |1.| 

lo'cate,  i).  [lo'cat-ed'1;  w/cat-ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  place 
in  a  particular  spot.  2.  [U.S.]  To  designate  and  assign 
the  place  of;  also,  to  fix  the  future  situation  cif.  II.  i. 
[Colloq.]  To  place  oneself;  settle.  [<  L.  local  us,  pp.  of 
loco,  <  locus,  place.]     Syn.:  see  sh.t. 

— lO-Ca'tlon,  re.     1.  The  acl   "T  Idi-atlng.  or  the  slate  of 

being  located.  2.  The  evict  position  In  Bpace;  place.  :t. 
[U.  S.]  A  plot,  of  ground  defined  by  boundaries.  4.  Law. 
[is.]  The  denning  ol  the  boundaries  of  a  plot  of  ground. 
Syn.:  see  place. 
loc'a-tiv(e»,  1  lek'e-tlv;  2  I6e'a-tlv.  I.  a.  1.  Oram,  indi- 
cating place.  2.  Anal.  &  7,m,i.  Indicating  relative  po  I 
Hon  in  a  series.  II.  re.  Cram,  [n  the  original  [ndo  i  uropean 
language,  the  case  denoting  locality,  locative  easel.  [< 
LL.  locatlvus,  <  L.  loco;  soe  locate.] 

IOC.  Clt.,  abbr.     [L.]     Loco  rilalo  (in  the  place  cited). 

lorli,  1   Ion;  2  Ion,  re.   [Scot.]  A  hike,  bay,  or  arm  of  tin     ea 

[Gael.,  lake.]— loch'an,  n.    A  little  loch;  pond. 
Loch-Iel',  1  loil-il';2  Ion-el',  n.     Bee  i  lAMl  ROM 

lock',  1  lok;  2  16k,  v.  l.t.  I.  To  make  fa  twithloc]  ind 
key;  prevent,  passage  by  fastening:  hu1  in  oi  o_ui  t 
curely,  as  by  a  locked  door  or  the  like.  '5-  To  bind  or 
join  together,  3.  To  supply  with  a  lock.  ft.Tocau  eto 
pass  through  a  canal"lock.  II.  i.  I.  To  become  securely 
closed,  ashy  the  agency  of  a  loeU.-itnl  I  •-,  2.  To  be  held 
fast.    [<  AS.  Wean,  fasten.]   Byn.:  see  shut.-  lock 'Jaw", 

n.     A  spasmodic  contraction   of   the   muscles  of  the  lower 
Jaw.— lock 'out",  re.    The  closing  of  a  factory  by  employers 


Tumbler-lock. 

r*knobhol«l. 


to  coerce  employees.— l.=step,  n.  Mil.  \  marching. step  In 
close  file,  in  which  the  foot  of  each  man  moves  forward  at 
the  same  moment.— 1.  •stitch,  n.     A  stitch  made  bj   two 

interlocking  threads,  as  on   some  sewing-machines      lock'- 

up",  re.      A  place  for  the  detention  of  persons  under  arrest. 
lock1,  re.     1.  A  device  to  fasten  an  object,  specifically 

one  for  so  securing  a  door,  drawer,  or  the  like, 

prevent  its  being  opened  except    by 

a  special  key  or  combination.     2.   A 

spring  mechanism  for  exploding  the 

charge  of  a  firearm.    3.  A  mechanical 

structure   for   enabling    vessels    to 

pass  from  one  level  to  another  in  a  ■ 

canal.     4.  An  intermingling  or  fast- 
ening   together;    hence,    a    hug    or 

grapple  in  wrestling.     5.  A  lockup. 

6.  One  of  various  mechanical  devices 

for  fixing  something  so  thai  it  may 

remain  in  place.    [  <  AS.  loc,  bar,  < 
lucan,  lock.] 

Syn.:  bar,  bolt,  catch,  clasp,  fasten- 
ing, hasp,  hook,  latch.      A  bar  is  a  piece  openiiiKtlMl*ioli>toU(l)bj 
of  wood  or  metal,  usually  of  consider-  ' 
able  size,  by  which   an   opening    Is   ol.-'-""1'1 
structed,  a  door  held  fast.  etc.     A.  tar  jJSEf! 
may  be  movable  or  permanent ;  a  boll  Is 
a  movable  rod  or  pin   of  metal    sliding   in   a   socket,   and 
adapted   for  securing  a  door   or  window.     A    loci   is   an 
arrangement  by  which   an   enclosed   bolt   is  shot   forward 
or  backward  by  a  key,   or  other  device;    the   bolt  is  the 
essential  part    of    the    lock.      A    latch    or    catch    is   an    ac- 
cessible  fastening   designed    to    be    easily    movable,    and 
simply  to  secure  against   accidental  opening  of  the  door. 
cover,  etc.    A  hasp  is  a  metallic  strap  that  tits  oxer  a  staple, 
calculated  to  be  secured  by  a  padlock;  a  simple  hook  that  tlt.s 
into  a  staple  is  also  called  a  hasp.    A  clasp  is  a  fast*  n  Ins  thai 

can  be  sprung  into  place,  to  draw  and  hold  the  parts  of  a e 

object  firmly  together,  as  the  clasp  of  a  book, 

— combination  lock,  a  lock  having  two  or  more  dials. 
either  of  which  controls  the  bolt,  so  that  the  lock  can  he 
opened  only  by  combining  the  permutations  of  all  lock'- 
age.  re.  1.  Material  going  to  form  a  canal-lock.  2.  The  dif- 
ference in  level  of  a  canal  having  locks.  3.  The  toll  le\  led  for 
passing  through  a  lock.-  lock'fast",  a,  I. Securelj  held  by 
some  locked  contrivance.    2.  Adapted  for  locking  something 

fast.— locks 'man,  n.    [-men,  pi]    A  warden;  turnl 

lOCk'smlth",  n.     A  maker  or  repairer  of  locks. 

lock'-,  n.  A  tuft  of  hair;  ringlet;  tress.  2.  A  small  quan- 
tity of  any  commodity,  as  hay.    [<  AS.  /e,v] 

Locke.  1  lok;  2  16k,  re.  1.  John  I  1632  1704),  an  J  Inglish  phi- 
losopher.    2.  William  J.  (1863-        ),  tin  English  do 

lock'er,  1  lek'ar;  2  18k' er,  n.  1.  <  Ine  who  or  that  which 
locks.    2.  A  closet  or  receptacle  fastened  with  a  lock 

lock'et,  1  lek'et;  2  lok'St,  7i.     ^.  small  case,  suspend' 

necklace  or  chain,  often  holding  a  portrait.  |<  I'',  to- 
t/ml,  latch.] 

Lock'barl,  1  lok'art;  2  lok'art,  John  GlbSOD  (1794  1854) 
A  Scottish  writer  and  biographer;  Life  of  Sir  Walter  Scott. 

lock 'ram,  1  lek'ram;  2  lok'ram,  n.  A  coarse,  cheap  linen, 
[<  Locrenan,  In  Brittany.] 

lo'eo,  1  lo'ko;  2  16' CO,  Vt.    [U.S.]   TO  poison  or  derange  with  or 

as  with  loco-weed:  usually  In  the  past  pnrtlclpli 
lo'eo,  n.    Any  one  of  several  poisonous  plants  ofthe  bean  fam- 
ily in  the  W.  and  S    W.I    int. -d  State        lO'CO  we.    I 
Lo"CO-fO'C0,    I    lo'ko-fo'ko;   Io    ,olo',o.   ;;      |(       S|    I.    I 
Irellie  section  ol    the  I  lemoclal  10  I'll  I  I    >'l    1  8  16     kUOV 

Equal  Rights  party;  anj  adherent  ..r  that  partj 

A  friction  match.     |        I 
lo"co-mo'lioii,    1    I.,  "k 

The  ad  or  powei  oi  i Lnfi  1 1  om  ont   | •■ 

lo"co-mo'th  e  ,  ]  ii i  It       l< 

Pertaining  to  locomotion     '-'.  Mo>  ing  Iron   om  pi 

anothei      3.  Posst     i  d  oi  the  powei  oi  mo'  II. 

A   self«propi  [ling     tt  i ngine   on   whet 

one  lor  use  "ii  a  railwa\        |  •      I      loi 

i>n  ofw ,  move.]    Ur'co-mo-tlv'l-tyl,  n. 

lo'Co-ino'ior.    I.  a.    Of  01  io  locomotion     li|. 

„        I  H„-   u ■    that    winch    I"  I    the    DOW0I    "(    loCOIllOllOD 

loci (tor  ataxia,  t •  >    ol  llu 

ini, .in  o  idlm       and  Inal y  to    ■ 

motor  and  other  volUDtai 
Loc'rlR,  1  lok'ns;  2  I6c'rls,  n      I  Ithei  ol  two 
cleni  Oreeci     Eastern,  ^   w    ol  Hu-otl      »c»t*rp, 
me  Gull  ol  (  orlntb      Loc'rl,  "   ;■'      '  be  poople  ••! 

I.or'rl-an,   o  

loc'u-lus,  I  lek'yu  lira;  ."•  !''. ' 

\      ,11   CB  Bll       b.r  u-lar,  ..       loc  II- 

lo'cum'<te'nens,  i  16' a'noi 

temporary  representative  or    ubstltulo     in      b 

lO'CUS,    l'l  a        I    •  I.     I 


I...    list 

1  •  * « ■  I  • 


,         I              ,             ,                          I              i                                      ..      .'.          ii          It             "■     l.Orn; 
.        |  I  ill  I  <!.  won. 


i;n 


I..  «u-i  . 
I..-,  ii  ii. »n. 


ust  I 


■peak  ] 


I . 

I 

stern 

>r  .  lode'- 

om    . 

|   I.I     I.  To 

a  arrow 

I.   [*o  put  in  Iceep- 

th  or  in  (ao  indh  idual,  :i 

II.        1.1     have  or  live  in  a  tem- 

I    in  tall  ..r  be  beaten 

r  ....       3.    I 

■ 

1 .  porary  accom- 

>11  dwelling  appurtenant 

-  .  ..r  ti..-  hk.-     :t.  The  lair  ol  a 

4 .  :i  local  Bubdiviaion 

•TV    ] 

•  ■•  who  rente  a  room  In 
IimIk'Iuk.  «     A  temporal 
.  in.  in .    .      i  itate  of 

tlon  or  deposit.    .1.  A  foot- 
lodge'ment :. 
*lr  Oliver  J..-   ph  An  English  i 

-    00) .  Milan  province, 
1796 
I  e  den  i        •  In  N  W,  England. 

< urine  town  (pop.  416.000), 
i  .erman  troops,  I  >cc.  6,  1914. 
■  ■■  ■!     K  pale,     • 
>ng  river-valleys,  etc.    \(i.\ 
lo4T<  ' 

'    ii.  lo-IB'den,   n.     A  group  Ol   Islands 

I .  lirectly  under  a  roof 

3.  \:.  •  I'-'-  ated  floor  or  gallery 
n  u  church  or  :i  barn.     4f. 
loft.) 
I. if  i  '> .  :    •  i      ■  - 1  ]    Ele- 

r  quality;  • 

.t  \t:    QBAKD;    hk;h;    BUBTJHK. 

loft    |-l,  .  |ofl     l-ll. 

I.  !     1  o 

II.  1.  A  hulk- 

■1  of  branches.    '■£.  Figur- 

liagja, 

fag  r  ii.in.  log  boost  .  log  hut,  a  small,  rough  bouse 

II.  1 .   A 

by  a  log« 

■1.     (  < 

las;'  book",   •      :    •   book  in  which  the  official 

log  <  hip,  n      A  triangular 

boar  :  to  a  line  (the 

log. Iln<-    :h*t  ninn  out  fr  .  "hlpboard. 

■  ■ 

i  1780  i    Indlai 

{.Jam  751),  an 

■  ~*n  statesrr  .  3.  John 

Uei  indi  i 

t  si  of  lirtgham  Young  Col- 

loe'a-rlthtii.  rlthm.fl      Math.    The 

b  a  fix"'!  number,  celled 
•  <•  raised  in  order  to  produce 

trithmoi,  num- 
ber ;      log"a-rlth  'tnli .         leg    i-rlili'ml-ral:. 

..•ame  In  whlcb 
•n-like  pins  as  near  as  possi- 
ble to  a  wheel-shaped  bowl,    log 'gats:. 


li'K'-.  1  '      II-  I 

log'ger-hcad  .    i  1.  A 

ine  turtle      •'■    kn 

to  I. ill.  get,         K>>  l<»  loKKcrln-.nl-., 

i...  ,h.  portico 

Iol;    h  .   1   loj'iW .  "  log  i<  I,  I.    I  I  :iiiil 

.I.-  thinking;  the  science  ..i  the  prim  ipli  •  i'"i.  rn 
inn  the  comparative  and  coi  ultics  in  the 

oning 
i be  rational  powi  ■        t. 
t  -orr  >  iocinal  ii  >n      I  •     '  If    la 

m  I    log'l-cal,  'i     Relating  to  or  ••(  tbe 

nature  of  logic     •!*,  arft      lo-nrri.in.  ■,     Ont   vened  In 

logic 

ion  i-on.  i  i.  na    |t;r  i 

lo-gts'tles,  i  (  men  of 

mini.. 
andconductli 

log'o-,  l  log'o    "       .1      i  i"  • '  b,  rat  lo  I 

hi. mini:  form      log'o-gram,  •■      I.   \n 
■  .  lallon  or  other  sign  rein.  rortl    a    I  foi 

dollar.    >.  A  form  of  versified  wo 

letter.]     log'o  graph,  w      k  written  v  raph.1 

I  uf"o- graphic,  'i  I.  Of  the  nature  of  or  representing  bj 
logograp]        I.   Oi  I  to  li         ipn       lo-gog'ra-phy, 

n     1.  In  printing,  the  use  .if  la  o  '".   I  I  i    irt  of  re- 

porting speeches  In  long  hand  bj  several  reporters,  each 
taking  down  a  few  words  In  succe  aloo  lo-gom'a-ehy,  n 
i  trlfe  about  mere  words;  also,  a  word)  oontesl  without 
deeds  '-'■  km  one  of  various  games  of  woroVmaklng.  Ii 
macfiomai,  iignt  I 

Log'os,  1  leg*!  rheol.  The  divine  creative  \\  ord, 

the  Son  of  < ,... i.  the  second  person  ■>(  the  Trlnlt)  I 

c;r  logos, 

log'o- type,  1  leg'o-tc  typ,  ri     in  printing,  .*  type 

bearing  a  sj  liable,  a  word,  or  words. 

log'roUr,  1  leg'rOI';  u>  Iflg'roT,  ri    To  engage  In  log«rolllng 
log'  roir'liiK.  n      i.  a  joining  together  ol  neighbors  or 
others  f..r  the  purpose  ol  handling  logs,  lis  iii  clearing  land, 
\n,  ■  ii,  in .-.  ;i  joining  together  ol  politicians,  to  mu- 
tually furt  in  r  each  other's  schemes 

log; 'wood",  1  log'wud';  2  IBg/wdfid",  n,  A.  Central  Amer- 
ican tree  or  its  wood:  used  as  a  dyestuff. 

Io'k>.  1  UVgi;  2  UVft  .  o    1 1. oral,  is]  Dull;  heavy;  lethargic 

-iou>.    uffls     Derived  from  <;r.  -togia  (•    logo  .  speech, 

l.o'lirii-itrin.  ]  lO'en-grln;  2  lO'en-grln,  ».  The  hero  of  sev- 
eral i  lerman  medieval  romances  and  of  an  opera  i>>  Wagner. 

loin,  1  loin;  2  loin.  "  The  pari  ol  the  body  between  tli.- 
lower  nb  and  bip«bone:  in  relation  to  man.  usually  in 
the  plural.   {<  v.i/mgi,  <  L.  lumbus,  loin]    lolu'«clotb.", 

n.      Bee  W  UB1  ■<  LOTH. 
Loire,  1  Iwor;  L*  IWBT,  ».     The  longest  rlviT  In  I'ranee,  lijn  m. 

to  the  Baj  of  Biscay 
loi'ler.  L  lei'tsr;  2  ISi'ter,  To  linger  idly  by  the  way; 

Nile.    [<   I).  Ituteren,  loiter.)    Syn.:  see  uni 
lol"tcr-er,  n.     lol"lcr-liiK.  V"     I'll'". 

I.o'ki,  i  lo'ki;  •>  m'ki,  n.  Norn  Myth  kn  evil  giant  god  who 
caused  Baldi  \  '^.'i:l,<»"klt. 

loll,  1  lei;  2  181,  v.    I.  '.    To  cause  or  permit  to  hang  out 
lown,  as  the  tongue     II.  i      I.  To  lie  or  lean  at 
'i.  To  liann  loosely  out  and  down,  as  the  tongue 
ol  a  dog    I  •    M  l '  loUi  i  fire.] 

Lollard,  l  lel'srd;  l.1  lorard,  n.    One  ol  W  (rouTa  tollowei 
religious  reformers  of  1360  1450. 

lolly-pop,  n.  Taffy;  candy,    lolll-popt. 

l.omiianl.  i  lem'bsrd;  2  lom'bard,  n     l.<  me  ol  theTeutonlc 
race  of  Longobardl  who  established  a  kingdom  In  N    Hal 
(568-771  .  ih. ■  modern  Lombard).    8f-  A  banker  OT  D 
lender.     I^imhard  street,  a  street   In   London  formerly 
;.w-d  mainly  by  Lombard  bankers;  hence,  the  "money 
market." 

Lom"bard'.  1  loft-lxir';  2  lOh'bar',  Peter  (1100?-1160).  An 
Iiallan  theoloj  .olman. 

Lom-bro'so,  l  lem-brO'so;  2 16m-br0'so,  Cesare  1 1  s:'.r>-i909). 
An  Italian  criminologist  and  psychic  Investigator. 

lo'ment,  1  Ifi'ment;  :j  iS'mSnt,  n  /.'"/.  An  indehisoenl 
legume  with  constrictions  or  transverse  articulations 
1, .iween  the  seeds.  [<  L.  lomentum,  a  cosmetic.} 
lo-nien 'tllin:. 

Lo'mond,  1  IO'mand;  2  10'mond,  Loch.     A  lake  In  central 
■■   24        >o      :  I  ■    '''  Islands. 

Lon..  huoA.,oWr.    London.— Ion., long., abbr.    Longitude. 

lond  '.iget,  n.    Landing;  coming  ashore 

Lon 'don,  l  lun'dsn;  2  lOn'don,  n.    1.  A  metropolis,  capital  of 
Dd  and  of  Hrlilsli  Empire:  on  the  Thames  river,  60  m. 
from  the  sea:  pop.  (City  of  London)  19.700;  (County  of  Lon- 
don) 4  518  021-  (Greater  London,  embracing  the  Metropoi 
Itan  and  City  Police  districts    7,419,704.    2.  A  coiim 
city  In  Ontario  province.  Canada;  pop  46,000. 
jn'dou-der"r>,  1  lun'dan-der'i;  2  l6n'don-U6r*y.  n.     A 


Lon' 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle:    au  =  out:    ell; 
471  2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;    full,    rule,    cure,    but, 


10  =  feud;     CTlin;     go;     1J  =  si«o;    thin,    this.         lOCIISt 
burn;   oil,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  loop 


county  (816  sq.  m..:  pop.  99.S451  In  Tester,  Ireland;  also, 
its  capital  (pop.  41,000),  a  seaport;  resisted  a  siege  by  James 
II.,  1689. 

lone,  1  Ion;  2  Ion,  a.  1.  Standing  by  itself;  solitary.  2. 
Single;  unmarried.  3§.  Unfrequented.  [<  alone,  by 
apheresis.) — lone'ly,  a.  [lone'li-er;  lone'li-est.)  1.  De- 
serted or  unfrequented  by  human  beings.  2.  Addicted  to 
solitude;  living  in  seclusion.  3.  Sad  from  lack  of  companion- 
ship or  sympathy;  lonesome.  Syn.:  see  solitary. — lone'- 
li-ness,  n. — lone'ness,  n. — lone 'some.  a.  1.  Sad  because 
of  loneliness.  2.  Lonely  or  secluded.  Syn.:  see  solitary. 
— lone 'some -ly,  adv.— Ione'some-ness,  n. 

long1,  1  lerj;  2  long,  vi.  To  have  an  eager  craving  or  de- 
sire.    [  <  AS.  langian,  long,  perhaps  <  lang,  long.] 

long2t,  t'i.    To  belong,    long'ent. 

long,  a.  1.  Having  relatively  great  linear  extension.  2. 
Having  relatively  great  extension  in  time;  lasting.  3. 
Extended  either  in  space  or  time  to  a  specified  degree. 
4.  Continued  in  a  series  to  a  gTeat  extent.  5.  Delayed 
unexpectedly  or  unduly;  dilatory.  6.  Far=reaching.  7. 
Com.  Holding  for  a  rise,  as  stocks.  [  <  AS.  lang,  long.] 
Syn.:  see  large. — along  dozen,  thirteen.— Iong'=boat", 
n.  A  large  ship's  boat,  often  from  30  to  40  feet  long. — 1.« 
drawn,  a.  Protracted;  prolonged:  tedious. — long 'hand,  ?; 
Ordinary  writing  with  the  words  spelled  in  full,  as  distin- 
guished from  shorthand. — l.=headed,a.  [Colloq.]  Ofashrewd 
disposition;  astute.  Syn.:  see  intelligent. — l.dieaded- 
ness,  n. — 1. dived,  a.  Having  along  life. — long  primer, 
a  size  of  printing»type,  between  small  pica  and  bourgeois. 

This  line  is  set  in  Long  Primer. 

— long'shore"man,  n.  One  who  loads  and  unloads  ves- 
sels; a  stevedore. — Lighted,  a.  Seeing  far  or  to  a  great 
distance;  sagacious;  far«sighted. — l.sstaple.  a.  Having  a 
long  fiber:  said  of  cotton. — I.eStop,  n.  Cricket.  The  fielder 
who  supports  the  wicket-keeper;  also,  the  ground  he  occu- 
pies.—  l.ssulfering,  a.  Enduring  injuries  for  a  long  time; 
patient;  forbearing. — l.^suflering,  n.  l.ssufferancei;. — 
l.stongued,  a.  1.  Gossiping;  talkative.  2.  Having  a  long 
tongue. — 1.  uiiidcd,  a.  Continuing  for  a  long  time  in  speak- 
ing or  writing,    -ly,  adv.   -ness,  n. 

long,  7i.  1.  The  whole  extent  of  a  thing;  something  that 
is  characterized  by  length:  used  elliptically.  2.  Old 
Mus.  A  note  equal  to  four  or  sometimes  to  six  whole 
notes.  3.  Pros.  A  long  syllable.  4.  pi.  Com.  Those  who 
have  purchased  securities  or  commodities  and  are  hold- 
ing them  for  an  advance  in  price:  opposed  to  shorts. 

— the  long  and  the  short,  the  whole;  the  entire  sum 
and  substance. 

long,  adv.  1.  To  or  at  a  great  extent  or  period.  2.  For 
a  length  of  time.  3.  Through  the  whole  extent  or  dura- 
tion. 4.  At  a  point  of  duration  far  distant;  as,  long  be- 
fore or  after.    [  <  AS.  lange,  <  lang,  long.] 

long,  con).   [Archaic  or  Local.)   Because;  on  account:  with  of. 

lon"ga-Ilim'i-ty,  1  lerj"ga-nim'i-ti;  2  16n"ga-nim'i-ty,  n. 
Disposition  to  endure  long  under  offense;  patience. 
[LL.  longanimita(l-)s,  <  L.  longus,  long,  +  animus,  mind.) 

long 'how",  1  lorj'bo";  2  long'bo",  n.  A  hand=bow,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  the  crossbow.  —  to  draw  or  pull  the 
longbow,  to  overstate;  exaggerate. 

longe,  1  lunj;  2  long,  n.  1.  A  pass,  thrust,  or  lunge,  as  with  a 
foil.    2.  A  tralning=ground  for  a  horse.    [Form  of  lunge,  n.] 

lon-gev'i-ty,  1  lon-jev'i-ti;  2  lon-gPv'i-ty,  n.  Great  age, 
or  length  of  life;  tendency  to  live  long.  [<  L.  longus, 
long,  +  xvum,  age.] — lon-ge'vous||,  a. 

Long'fel-low,  1  len'fel-o;  2  long'fel-o,  Henry  Wadsworth 
(1807-1882).    An  American  poet;  Evangeline,  etc. 

lon'gi-,  1  lorj'gi-;  2  lotj'gi-.  From  Latin  longus,  long:  a  com- 
bining form. — ioii"gi-pen'natc.  I.  a.  Long=wlnged;  of  or 
pertaining  to  the  Longlpennes.  II.  n.  One  of  the  Longir 
pennes. — Lon"gl-peii'nes,  ».  pi.  Ornith.  An  order  or  sub- 
order of  long-winged  birds  with  webbed  fed.  as  the  gulls. 
[+  L.  penna,  wing]  lon"gi-pen'iiln(e»,  a.  Longlpen- 
nate.— lon"gi-ros'lral,  a.  1.  Having  a  long  bill.  2.  <  if  or 
pertaining  to  the  Longirostres,  a  family  of  birds.  Including 
Ibises,  snipes,  etc.  [+  L.  rostrum,  beak.]  lon"gl-ros'- 
tratel.     lon'gl-ros"ter,  n. 

long'ing,  1  loij'uj;  2  long'ing,  n.  An  eager  craving. 
Syn.:  see  appetite;  desire.  —  long'lng-ly,  adv. 

Lon-gi'nus,  l  len-Jal'nus;  2  lon-gl'nus,  DlonyslUS  Casslus 
(2137-273).    a  creek  Platonic  philosopher 

long'ish,  1  lon/isii;  2  Ldng'ish,  a.    Rather  long 

Long  Island.  An  Island  (1,682  sq.  m.:  pop.  2,4  16  400)  s  Ol 
Connecticut,  from  whlcn  11  li  separated  by  Long  island 
Sound ;  part  of  New  York  State. 

lon'gi-tude,  1  len'ji-tiQd;  2  lon'gi-tud,  n.  1.  Distance 
east  or  west  on  the  earth's  surface,  measured  by  the 
angle  which  the  meridian  through  a  place  makes  with 
some  standard  meridian,  as  thai  of  (  ireenwioh  or  Paris. 
2.  The  angular  distance  from  the  vernal  equinox  ••>  tin- 
foot  of  the  perpendicular  from  a  heavenly  body  upon 
the  ecliptic.     3t-  Length.     [F.,   <  L.  longitudo  (-din-), 


<  longus,  long.]— lon"gl-tu'dl-nal,  a.    Pertaining  to  longi- 
tude or  length;  running  lengthwise     -ly,  adv. 
Long 'street,  1  lerj'strlt;  2  iong'stret.  James   (1821-1904) 
An  American  soldier:  Confederate  general  in  the  civil  War 
loug'wlse§,  1  lerj'wQiz;  2  long'wis.  adv.     Lengthwise     long'- 

waysj  [Prov.  or  Colloq.]. 
Long"wy',  1  lon'vi';  2  lon'vy',  n.    A  fortllled  frontier  town  In 

N.  E.  France;  entered  by  Germans,  August  26,  1914 
loo, )  l  lu;  2  loo,  n.    A  game  of  cards,  like  euchre  Waved  lu- 
lu,  S  several  persons  with  3  or  5  cards  apiece.      •    i    lanterlv] 
loof,  1  luf;  2  loof,  n.   [North.  Eng.  A  Scot.]   The  hand  or  the 

palm.  [Cp.  GLovE.]_lufet;  luift;  luvel. 
loof2,  1  luf  or  luf;  2  loof  or  luf,  n.  That  part  of  the  bow  of  a 
ship  where  the  timbers  begin  to  curve  inward  toward  the 
stem.  See  luff.  [<  D.  loef.\  lufet. 
look«,l  luk;  2  look,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  express  by  the  looks  or 
presence.  2.  To  influence  by  the  looks  oi  -preset  -,  ;; 
To  seek.  II.  i.  1.  To  direct  the  gaze  toward  an  object 
for  the  purpose  of  seeing  it.  2.  To  apply  the  mind;  con- 
sider. 3.  To  have  a  particular  direction;  face.  4.  To 
have  a  particular  appearance;  seem.  5.  To  expect  6. 
To  take  care;  pay  attention;  watch.  [  <  AS.  locum,  look.] 
Syn.:  behold,  contemplate,  descry,  discern,  gaze,  glance, 
Inspect,  regard,  scan,  see,  stare,  survey,  view,  watch.  To 
see  is  simply  to  become  conscious  of  an  object  of  vision; 
to  look  is  to  make  a  conscious  and  direct  endeavor  to  see. 
To  behold  Is  to  fix  the  sighl  and  the  mind  with  .'list!  net  ness 
and  consideration  upon  something  that  has  come  to  be  clear- 
ly before  the  eyes.  We  may  look  without  siting,  as  In  pitch- 
darkness,  and  we  may  see  without  looking,  as  in  the  case  of 
a  flash  of  lightning.  To  gaze  is  to  loot  Intently,  long,  and 
steadily  upon  an  object.  To  glancr  Is  to  look  casually  or 
momentarily.  To  stare  is  to  look  with  a  fixed  Intensity  such 
as  is  the  effect  of  surprize,  alarm,  or  rudeness.  To  scan  is  to 
look  at  minutely,  to  note  every  visible  feature  To  Inspect  Is 
to  go  below  the  surface,  study  item  by  item.  1'ii  II  and  sur- 
vey are  comprehensive,  sum  ii  expressing  the  greater  exact- 
ness of  measurement  or  estimate.  Watch  brings  In  the 
element  of  time;  we  watch  for  a  movement  or  change.    Bee 

APPEAR. 

— to  look  after,  to  take  care  of.  —  to  I.  out,  to  be  on  t  be 
watch:  with  for;  with  the  imperative,  take  care!  —  tol.  over. 

1.  To  glance  over  hastily  or  superficially.  2.  To  examine 
with  care.  3.  To  look  above  and  beyond.-  look'er  on".  . 
Aspectator.  Syn.:  see  spectator.  —  look  'lug  glass".  \ 
mirror. — look'out",  n.  1.  The  act  of  watching;  also,  a 
place  for  observation,  or  the  person  set  to  watch  '.".  Some- 
thing to  be  looked  out  for  or  guarded  against. 

look,  n.    A  glance  of  the  eye;  cast  of  countenance;  aspect; 

appearance.     Syn.:  see  air;  manner. 
Lookout  Mountain,  a  mountain  In  Tl  Be  of  a 

battle,  Nov.  24.JS63,  In  the  American  I  llvll  \\  ;ir 
loom,  1  lum ;  2  loom,  vi.    1.  To  rise  gradual 

iuent   position.     2. 

To  snine.      [  <  L.OF 

lumino,      <     luceo, 

shine.] 
loom1,  n.     1.  A  ma- 
chine  for  weaving. 

2.  The  shaft  of  an 
oar.  [  <  AS.  geloma, 
tool.) 

loom2,    n.     A   coming 

1  ndistl  nc  tl  y  but. 

broadly  Into  view. 
loom 'lug,  1  in  in' i  u.  2 

loom'lng,  n. 

that      elevates      anil 

elongates  a  figure,  es- 
pecially when  viewed 
across  water 

loon',   1  lfln;  2  loon.  n.    Jk 

1.  A  stupid  person,  11 1 

2.  A  rogue; 
:t.  1 1 1  a  menial,    (2) 

A  boy.     4.    A    strum- 
pet.    [<    en.  loen.] 
lownt. 
lOOn',    n.       A    diving 

water  -  bird,     with 
short   tail « feathers  Iit. 
and    webbed    fe<  I   i 
See  bird,     [  •     toi    • 

lomr.\ 

loop,  l  Ittp; :.'  ISBp,  vl,  Aw     Tol 

form  into  loop,      loop'er,  n     I.  \  bodkin'fiki   n 
menl  tor  ma)  Gig  loop      1  ""M 

loop'lxile".  n     1.  A  narrow  opcnlnn  through  which 

arms  are  Bred     '■■  \  mi :  i  ear*    oi  pi  >••  ol  • 

Hon 

loop1,  n      I.  A  fold  or  doubling 
as  to  form  an  eye  or  a  bond  through  which  something 


a  prom- 


Jaoquard  i  oom 

rd  tnpwvlui 


>         >  i  .  I  I  ......       'ii         n         I  n\  l.ftrn. 

.  »  11  •  •  '      i  i  i  | 


171 


ii  i 

■ 

idling 
i  III 

. 

I 

i i.  am  iii.-iii- 

'  N  irluiiH 

urocrod 

I 
II.       I . 

.'.    \  u>  thins  unlaw  - 

ii.    |  -^  Hind 

I  ■  •  i  .  .  -.  .    '     I 

!    I  OP*,   i    ]       l»|>. 

l..p  .  mil  to  'lr....|. 

■ 

top       ,r.  .1   .  drooping  or  i«  n- 

i.ip  -i.i  .  .1.  tugtna  dow  n  on 

one  - 

|..|>.  .                                  -       I.  ■    .',           [*o  gallop  Blowly 

II.. 

lop    IT. 

I. "I    . 

I..-. j  n  i  .  i.iii  -.  '  liven  to 

lo-qua'clous-ly,  lo-qua'elous-ness, 

!••— «t  n.»«  ■'!-!>. 
I..-. in  ii  •grow  Ins  pomaceous 

IU  fruit,  a  small  yel- 
ls fruit.     ((  liln] 

lord,  l.        I .        treat  or  addi 

II.         i  ,r  rule 

lord,  I. 

Icing;  Jehovah:  also 
■   rmerly 
i  husba 

I .  I.  \ 

",.  .  hi  <  ireal  Britain;  also,  a 

■  [lor,  etc 

M  '  -11.11 

Lord  A  principal  pu 

lord  lint;,  \   little  lord      lord  'log?. 

lord  'I  |  ord;   Im porta 

lord  II- 
m    ■  lot  ii*.  lord  '-dip. 

I.i.rl'.  il.i>  . 

tee  babbatb.     Lon       -  ip 

l"  r, 

I    .r  I '-     l  i   .1.  .  il|Miti 

i,  the  coramu- 


I, 


Litioa. 

nf  Hie 

•II1K. 

I .  \  i -ni r  <if  eye- 
handle  into  which 
'!.  A  lonvbandled 

i  v    a  cuirass  or  eor- 

r|  :.  Itifil- 

.111  the 

l-or  "l-ca'la,  n    jjI. 

mlcro- 

i.  tot 


li.r'l- 

l..r    I   .   .i.  I.i     I   .   i    II. mi.  I  .ir"l-i  a   II, 

I 
loi    I    k.  .  I  l 

I  I  I  I 

1  lillllir 

i  wan  I 

lorn.  1  lorn;  2  lorn,  n      I.  Without  kindred  oi 

'   . 

I    II    i  .In.     .  ,,|  lati-r 

a  .1. ;  .h  war 

loi  n.  |  I,  \  r..iir-»  ii.'i'irii  platform  wagon. 

'.'.    \  ■  ficavj  load! 

lo'r>.  i  \  r.iiiaii  parrol  with  brilliant 

Malay  lull] 

loati  n.    i  I  pralso  I 

I  ..-     \  1 1    K.--I.-..   1    I..  .  :ii,   mi  \   COUIII  -    Ill  S. 

i   allfi  .    n,  .    pop    ..nl.o an. I    II  .   .  a|.iial.  a 

m.uiuf  i.  ■turn..:  olty;  POP    I  i'l.iK'ii 
lose.    LI  ■     |      I.   I       I.  To  pari 

«iili  unintentional!)  .  as  by  accident,  forfeit,  "r  the  like; 
.'.I  i  or  I"  r.  ived  ol      ■'». 

To  t:  ■  I.,  be  able  i"  find     I.   I   ■     |uander; 

.">.    I  ..  fail  I 0  keep  or  Miami  nn       Ii.    I 

a  ohanee     7.  To  di  prii  i 
v   I  over  to  disgrace  or  ruin     !(.  I 

lo.  i  |I.       To  fail 

loss,  < 
lo  o.l   leset,    Svn.:  be  defeated  In  (as  a  sun  at  law 
..r  a  battle),  be  deprived  "f.  rail  In,  fall  of.  fall  to  win,  r..r 
fiii.  Ii  .  negleet, overlook  w 

I..-  '.i-hi  i-  .         Im-i   .i-hi  .  lo-'ir,  n,    One  whi 

nr  fails  to  win;  a  defeated  contestant, 
iii'-i-i.  ii...'  i  lined  i<>  Idlene  ■     II.  n      I 

worthless  fellow  .     1  In*''  | 

los>.  l  i..  ;216s,  n     1.  I  I..  actorstateof  losing;  failure  to 
win  or  keep     '.'.  Thai  wbii  hislo  I     S.  I  hi    itate  ol  be 
ing  lost     I.  Useless  application;  waste     [<  A.S.  lot,  < 
lose  ] 
D  :  damage,  defeat,  deprivation,  destruction,  detriment, 
disadvantage,  failure,  forfeiture,  Injur]    ml  fortune,  priva- 
tion, ■■•■  'i  m      at  a  loss.    I.  At    "  low  a p 
toresuli  In  aloes    '!■  [n  confusion  or  doubt:  pcrpli 
lost!  1  I ■"» — t ;  L!  lost,  pa,    1.  Not  i"  I"-  found  '>r  recovered; 
not    gained,    used,    <>r   enjoyed;    missed;    wa  ted      'J. 
Ruined,  especially  in  a  moral  "r  spiritual  sense.    8.  Be- 
wildered; perplexed 
lot,  1  lot; 2  lot,  it.  &  ii.    [i.'.i'i  i  u1;  lot'tinq  ]    To  divide 

or  draw  by  l"i ;  allot ;  apportion.         ' 
lot  .         I.   Anything,  as  a  'Ii'-  nr  piece  of  paper,  used  in 
determining  something  by  chance.    'J.  The  share  that 
ilt  of  drawing  lots;  the  pari  in 
Life  that  comes  i"  one  without  liis  planni 
fate.    3.  A  collection  or  pare  1  ol  things  separated  from 
t.  I  and  appor- 

d  for  sale  or  other  special  purpose.    5.  [Colloq.]    \ 
great  quantity  or  amount     ••  A  proportion  oi  taxes  al- 
lotted t..  one.     [<  AS.  tdol,    <  fueOtan,  get  by   lot.] 
Syn.:  see  I  UK  k. 
I  ..i  .       Bib.  A  nephew  ol  Abraham.    Oen.  \i.  27. 
i.. 'i  ih.  i  1..1.1:  :j  1.1'ta.  n.  [Anglo>Ind.]  A  small  round  pot, 
1  ippi  r,  11  ■  d  tor  drinking  and  ablut  lon  b  \ 

In'la; :  lo'tO1 ;. 
lote,  1  i.'.i    3  i"'.  "     Same  . 
loth.  1  I6£h;2  18th,  o.    Loath. 

Lo-tbalre',  1  lo-t  bar';  2  lo-thar',  n.    An  emperor  of  the  West 

I  by  his  brothers  at  Fontcno:  .1  ranee,  841 

l.o-i  h a'ri-o,  1  lo-fM'n-o;  2  lo  tl  ■  gaj  deceit  - 

er;  libertine.    (  <  a  character  in  an  old  play  | 
l.o'H.  1  i./ii;  •>  lo'ii.  Pierre.    Pseudonym  of  Louis  Vlaud. 
lu'iniu,  1  Ifi'  hen;  :.  1.  A  liquid  preparation 

for  u  ii.    IBf.  A  bathing  or  washing.    |<  L. 

blng.j 
Lo-toph'a-gl,  1  lo-tore-Jal;  2  lo-tof'a-ftl,  /</.    Or.  Myth     The 
1. ,iu—i  .it. -rs;  a  legendary  African  people  visited  bj  1  1 
Ii. .  <  <;r.  Utupl  cat.] 

lot  i<r->,  1  let'er-i;  L.'  ISt'er-j .  n     |-m.-'.  pi  |    A  distribu- 
tion "i  pri»  -  as  determined  by  chanci   or  l"t.    [<  F. 
lotrrie,  <  tot,  lot  ] 
lot  'i o,  1  lot'o: 2 lot'o,  n.    a  parlor  e  played  « Ith 

It.,  <  1. 1..  lottum,  lot.]    lo'to 
lo'tns,  1  lo'l      ;2  I.  Vny  of  various  Old  World 

plan'  er«lily  family     2.  The  lotus»tree.    |< 

in'io-:.  io'tns<eai"er,  n  One  fabled  to  have 
lived  in  Indolent  enfoyment  from  eating  the  fruit  "f  ti»' 
lotus'tree     l.'tree,  I  -''<    A  tree  whose  fruit  pro- 

duced dreamy  forgetfulneaa  in  the  <-at<-r. 
Im/..  it'se,  Kuiloir  Hermann  (1817   1881),    A 

as,  etc. 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;     10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    r)  =  S\na;    fhin     this  loop 

47J  2:wQlf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  low 


loud,  1  laud;  2  loud,  a.  1.  Striking  the  auditory  nerves 
with  great  force;  noisy.  2.  Making  a  great  noise.  3. 
[Colloq.]  Pressing  or  urgent.  4.  [Colloq.]  Conspicu- 
ous or  ostentatious  without  taste  or  refinement;  vulgarly 
showy;  flashy.  [<  AS.  hlud.]— loud'ly,  adv.  ioudj.— 
loud 'ness,  n. 

loud 'en  §,  1  laud'n;2  loud'n,  vt.  &  vt.  To  make  or  grow  louder. 

lough,  1  Ioh:  2  Ioh,  n.    [Ir.]    A  loch.    [<  Gael,  loch] 

Ion 'Is',  1  lu'i;  2  lu'i,  re.  A  French  gold  coin  worth  twenty 
francs.    [F.,  <  Louis  XIII.]    lou'Is  d'orf. 

Lou'ls2,  1  lu'i;  2  lu'i,  n.  Any  one  of  several  kings  of  France; 
especially  (1)  L.  I.,  "Le  Debonnaire"  (778-840),  an  emper- 
or of  the  West;  son  and  successor  of  Charlemagne.  (2) 
L.  IX.,  Saint  (1215-1270);  defeated  by  Saracens  In  Egypt, 
1249.  (3)  L.  XI.  (1423-1483),  patron  of  learning  and  en- 
courager  of  manufactures.  (4)  L.  XIV.,  "Le  Grand  Mon- 
arque"  (1638-1715);  engaged  in  wars  with  England,  Aus- 
tria, and  Spain.  (5)  L.  XV.  (1710-1774);  reigned  from 
1715;  ceded  Canada  to  Great  Britain.  (6)  L.  XVl.  (1754- 
1793).  dethroned  by  the  Revolution,  and  guillotined. 

Lou'ls-burg,  1  lu'is-bfjrg;  2  lu'is-burg,  n.  A  village  in  north- 
east Nova  Scotia,  Canada;  site  of  a  fortress  captured  by  the 
American  colonists  from  the  French,  June  17,  1745,  and  by 
the  British,  July  26,  1758. 

Lou"l-sI-an'a,  1  lu"i-zi-an'a;  2  lu"i-si-an'a,  re.  A  Gulf  State 
(48,506  sq.  m.;  pop.  1,843,042)  of  the  United  States;  capital, 
Baton  Rouge;  purchased  from  France,  with  much  other 
territory,  1803. 

Lou"ts'  Phl"llppe\  1  lu"I'  fl"llp';  2  luT  fTlip'  (1773-1850). 
"The  citizen  king"  of  the  French  from  1S30  until  his  abdica- 
tion in  1848. 

Lou'is-ville,  1  lu'is[or  -i]-vil;  2  lu'is[or-i]-vIl,  re.  A  commercial 
city  (pop.  265,430),  in  N.  W.  Kentucky. 

loun'der,  1  laun'dar;  2  loun'der,  vt.  [Scot.]  To  beat  severely. 
lount. — loun'der,  n.  [Scot.]  A  heavy,  stunning  blow. 

loun'der-ert,  n.    A  lounger;  loafer. 

lounge,  1  launj;  2  loung.  I.  vi.  [lounged;  loung'ing.] 
To  pass  time  in  a  lazy  or  idle  manner;  loaf;  loll.    II1.  n. 

1.  The  act  of  lounging.  2.  A  lounging=place.  3.  A 
couch  with  little  or  no  back;  any  sofa.  [Etym.  conjec- 
tural.]— loung'er,  re. 

lounge2t,  re.    Same  as  lunge. 

limp,  1  laup;  2  loup,  v.  [lap;  loup'en;  loup'ing.]  [North. 
Eng.  &  Scot.]  I.  I.  To  jump  from  or  over.  II.  i.  1.  To 
jump;  leap.  2.  To  melt  suddenly,  as  snow.  [=  leap.] 
lowpet. 

Ioup"ga"rou',  1  lu"ga"ru';  2  lu"gii"ru',  n.      A  werwolf.    [F.] 

jour,  vi.    Same  as  lower2. 

Lourdes,  1  lord;  2  lurd,  re.  A  town  in  S.  W.  France;  the 
site  of  the  shrine  and  grotto  of  Our  Lady  of  Lourdes. 

Lou-ren 'e.o  Mar-ques',  1  lu-ren'so  mar-kea';  2  lu-ren'co 
mar-kes'.  A  Portuguese  seaport  on  Delagoa  Bay;  pop.  9,- 
800. 

louse,  1  laus;  2  lous,  n.  [lice,  pi.]  1.  A  small  parasitic 
insect  which  sucks  the  blood  of  mammals.  2.  One  of 
various  other  insects  or  arthropods  parasitic  on  other 
animals  or  infesting  books  or  plants.  [  <  AS.  lis, 
louse.) — lous'y,  a.  Infested  with  lice. — lous'1-ly,  adv. — 
lous'l-ness,  re. 

lout1"1,  1  laut;  2  lout,  vi.  1.  To  loiter;  tarry.  2||.  To  make  a 
bow  or  courtesy;  bend;  stoop.     [<  AS.  lutan.  courtesy.] 

lout2t,  vt.    To  treat  as  a  lout;  make  a  fool  of:  disappoint. 

lout,  n.  An  awkward  fellow;  clown.  [Perhaps  <  Ice. 
latr,  bent.]— loiit'lsh,  a.  Clumsy;  awkward,  -ly,  adv. 
-ness,  re. 

Lou"va!n\  1  IQ'vah';  2  lu'vah',  re.  A  city  near  Brussels, 
Belgium;  seat  of  an  ancient  university;  pop.  41,900;  en- 
tered and  destroyed  by  the  Germans,  1914,  In  reprisal  for 
alleged  civilian  attacks  upon  their  troops. 

lou'ver,  1  lu'var;  2  lu'ver,  re.  Arch.  1.  A  window,  as  in  a  bel- 
frytower,  designed  for  ventilation  and  having  slats  (louver> 
boards)  sloped  to  keep  out  the  rain.    lou'ver«Wln"dOWt. 

2.  A  lantern-like  cupola  or  turret  on  the  roof  of  a  medieval 
dwelling.    [<  <)F.  lover,  <  LL.  lobla;  sec  LOBBY,  n.\ 

Lou'vre,  1  lQ'vr;  2  lu'vr,  n.    An  ancient  palace  of  the  kings  of 

France.  In  Paris;  now  a  museum  of  science  and  art. 
lov'a-bKe1',  1  loVa-bl;  2  lov'a-bl,  a.     Worthy  ..f  love; 

amiable.      lovc'a-bl(c>'J.      S.vn.;    see    wnuu.i.;     lovely. 

lov"a-bH'l-tyf;  lov'a-hhe-ncss' t.     lov'a-bly,  ad\ 
lov'age,  1  luv'ij;  2  16v'ag.  re.    One  of  two  European  herbs  of 

the  parsley  family,  used  sometimes  as  a  domestic  remedy. 

[<  OV.luvcsche,  <  L.  Hguslicum,  <  Ligus,  l.lgurian.l 
love, )  1  luv;2  lov,  v.    [loved;  lov'ino]    I.  f     1.  To  have 
luv1', )  a  feeling  of  affection  or  tender  regard  for.    '!■  To 

regard  with  the  affection  that  is  characteristic  of  the 

sexual  relation.     3.  To  take  pleasure  or  delight  in.     4. 

To  caress.    II.  i.    To  have  a  feeling  of  yeanuni 

tion  or  of  tenderness  or  passion  inspired  by  the  sexual 

relation.     [<  AS.  lufian,  love] 
Syn.:  like.    Aitho  their  distinction  In  meaning  Is  one  ol 

the  peculiar  felicities  ol  the  English  language,  love  and  lite 

are  often  confounded  in  use.  We  lore  thai,  which  ministers 
to  our  affections:  we  like  what  ministers  to  appetite,  taste. 


fancy,  etc.    A  man  loves  his  wife  and  children:  lie  likes  roast 

beef:  he  Uki  j  - good  natured  acquaintance  whom  he 

could  not  be  said  to  love,  except  as  he  should  low  all  men;  he 
likes  a  fast  boat,  a  tine  house,  a  pleasing  picture,  a  brisk 
walk,  a  chat  with  friends,  a  ride  through  the  count' 
See  admire;  like.    Compare  love,  n.-  lov'er,  n.    One  who 
loves;  one  who  is  in  love      lov'er-ly,   a.     lOV'Ing, 
lov'ing'kind"ness,  re.    Kindness  thai  comes  from  personal 
attachment;  specif.,  the  loving  care  of  God  for  his  p 
— lov'ing-ly,  adv. 
love,  re.     1.  A  strong  complex  emotion  or  feeling  causing 
one  to  appreciate,  delight  in.  and  crave  the  pre*. 
possession  of  the  object  and  to  phase  or  promote  the 
welfare  of  that  object;  devoted  affection  orattacl 
2.  Specifically,  such  feeling  between  husband  and  wife 
or  lover  and  sweetheart.     3.  One  who  is  beloved;  a 
sweetheart.     4.  Animal  passion.     5.  |I.-]  A   personifi- 
cation of  the  love=passion;  Cupid.    6.  In  some  gan 
tennis,  nothing.    [<  AS.  lufc,  <  lufian,  love.] 

Syn.:  affection,  attachment,  attraction,  charity,  devotion, 
esteem,  feeling,  fondness,  friendship,  likini,'.  passion,  regard, 
tenderness.  Affection  is  kindly  feeling,  deep,  tender,  and 
constant,  going  out  to  some  person  or  object,  being  less 
fervent  and  ardent  than  love.  Love  is  the  yearning  or  outgo- 
ing of  soul  toward  something  that  is  regarded  as  excellent, 
beautiful,  or  desirable;  tow  may  be  briefly  defined  as  strong 
and  absorbing  affection  for  and  attraction  toward  a  person  or 
object.  Love  may  denote  the  sublimes!  and  holiest  spiritual 
affection,  as  when  we  are  taught  that  "God  Is  tore."  Charity 
has  so  far  swung  aside  from  tills  original  meaning  that  prob- 
ably it  never  can  be  recalled  (compare  iiknkvoi.ence)  The 
Revised  Version  uses  lore  in  place  of  charily  in  /  <  'or.  xlil.  and 
elsewhere.  Love  is  more  intense,  absorbing,  and  tender  than 
friendship,  more  intense.  Impulsive,  and  perhaps  passionate 
than  affection;  we  speak  of  fervent  ton  .  but  of  deep  or  tender 
affection,  or  of  close,  linn,  strong  friendship.  Love  is  used 
specifically  for  personal  affection  between  the  sexes,  in  the 
highest  sense,  the  love  that  normally  leads  to  marriage,  and 
subsists  throughout  all  happy  wedded  life.  Love  caii  never 
properly  denote  mere  animal  passion,  which  Is  expra 
such  words  as  appetite,  desire,  lust,  one  may  properly  be 
Said  to  have  love  for  animals,  for  Inanimate  objects,  or  for 
abstract  qualities  that  enlist  the  affections,  as  we  speak  ol 
love  for  a  norse  or  a  dog,  for  mountains,  woods,  ocean,  or  of 
love  of  nature,  and  love  of  virtue.  /.""  of  articles  of  food  l> 
better  expressed  by  likina,  as  love,  in  its  full  sense,  denote) 
something  spiritual  and  reciprocal,  such  as  can  have  no  plac 
in  connection  wl t.h  objects  thai  minister  merely  to  the  senses. 
See  ATTACHMENT;  FRIENDSHIP.  Allt.:  see  synonyms  for 
antipathy;  enmity:  iiathkp.  Prep.:  I.ove  uj  country:  jor 
humanity;  love  to  God  and  man. 

— Iove'=ap"ple,  v.   The  tomato-  I. 'bird,  n,    One  of  va- 
rious small  parrots,  remarkable  for  the  affection  they  show  for 

their  mates. — I. 'feast,  n.     1.  A  coi n  devotional  meal 

partaken  of  by  early  Christians,  orlglnall]    culminating  In 

the  eucharlst.   2.  A  somewhat  similar  modern  ol 

l.=ln 'Idleness,  n.    The  pansy.-   I.  knot,  n.    A  knot  tied  In 
pledge  of  love  and  constancy.-  I. 'letter,  n.     A   letter  pro- 
fessing  love. — I.  dies 'bleeding,    re.      Anj    one   .it 
species  of  amaranth.-    I. dOCk,  n.      A   separate  lock  of  hair 
worn  curled  and  tied  With  ribbons  by  1  7t  h-cent  ur\  ca  ■ 

—  i.  i.e.-ii,  <i.    Forsaken  by  or  pining  for  a  lover     I.  mak- 
ing, n.    Courtship.    I.'slck,  a.    Languishing  with  love 
I. sslckness,  »,     love 'some,  a     Inspiring  love  also,  manl 
testing  love.    love'Jess,  a.    -ly.adt     -ness,  n 

Lovelace,  1  luv'les;  2  lov'IRe,  Richard  (1818  1668)      In 
English  poei  and  Royal!  I  captain;  To  Althea.from  Prison 

love'ly,  1  lov'h;  2  lov'ly,  «.    [lovb'li-er;  lovi  u 

1.  Possessing  mental  or  physical  qualities  thai  it 
admiration  and  love;  charming      '.'.  [Colloq.]   Am.,, 
tive;  inviting.    3.  [Colloq.]  Delightful,    ■*[■  UTeotion- 
ate;  loving. 

Syn.:  amiable,  beautiful,  charming,  delectable,  di 

fill,  enchanting,  lovable,  pi.  a  ling,     WOOt,  Winning,  Wll 
See    Wll  Mil  I  .    Bl   U    riFI 

love'ly,  <„!•       lo\e'll-lj  |    [Rail    :       l0ve'll-n< 
Lov'er.  1   Itrt  Samuel   (1797    1868).     An  Irish 

novelist. 

low,  1  lo;  2  lo,  vi    To  bt  ll"" .  a   cattle 

low.    I.  a.    1.  Having  relativt  lylittli  upward  ex  tension  or 

elevation     '.'.  Situati  'I  belov 

depressed     :t.  Ha    ing  I       I !'  in  the  normal  ot  n  gulai 

Dl  I ..i,i      l.i  1 1  Having  dt  ptb  ol  pitch;  di  ■  p 

(2)   Having  little  volum 

belov  d  o.l  or  custoi 

in  pi  ice,  qualit  y,  spirit  '' ' 

inferior;  weal  dent;  vulgat . 

Syn.:   ee  b  hi  mbi  >    wu 

II.  ,/./,         I.    In    B    low  way,  or   i to   n    |i 

2.  At  a  low  pne.      :i.  in  a  humble  rank  oi  docraded 
condition      »•  Softlj  »   i""  h      l 

Idyr;  cp.  lil.  recline. |     low'lpr.-d".  VUlgai    imi.m.i 


lurt-h 


(■*■(.   kf  .1  ,,  ,.       ,.     ..        ii        ii  in.  I.Orn; 

,  what.  A  '  '.  '       '  I  I  .....      01.  »(Vi. 


174 


l.,«  i. 

i 


i 

i. 


I,.i«    .  r  . 

II 

-  . 


\  i  iw  IIoaii 

I . ,  >»    1 1 ...  I . 
■     i 
ins  i,.»     hura- 

II  l,,<<     III..  --.  \    low  I) 

«     II.  ,  k.    I. 

I...I     ii.  ...  Inn    prr->->lire. 

• 

l..n    >plrll<  •! .  iplrlt  ..r 

I..K      sill, I, |,   ,|. 

lo«    I  Ilk 

VS 

eg  lire. 

1      \  1. 1. i.i  I    I  ii.  r.  n. . 

I       J  nil.  - 

I 
i  nicland    1880   1884; 
.1  m  Amor- 

I.  I.    !  OX  bring 

et<      '.'.  1  ti 

imble     3.   I  ■■ 
t 

lower 

.1  •    I  K  I   S 

1.  To  look  aiiigry  OT  sullen  ; 

II. 

I>>   .r-hu.  Iii»'it-j:;    I. .»   ring:.      -I). 

-.    I 
l..«   .  r.  ■  urn  ]     Inferior  I  1  I 

low  'it  i-.im-", 
i    font,    kept 
low  «r- 111. ■-. t .    .    ntperL 
Low 

-       -i  ■!  territory  of  Mexico 

ktv  I  hi. I.  .  I;  2  181  ind     I.  a     1.  Pertainin 

try,    '•!.  II.-]  Belong- 

II.  n     A  tmrt  .,f  land  lower  than 

.  el  land:  usually  in  the  plural. — 

Low  'i.i  ii. i -i-r.  ■      in.  Lowland*,  the  ie»s  elevated  districts 

'laud. 

tosot,   slanting. 

loi  "o-drom  i.  .        Pertaining 

• 

arur.:     -       loiodromle  line,  iiirai  of  a    alp  oblique 

-  .ill  the  meridians  ai  tne  same  an- 

|..r.»-.!r..i irt  of  oblique  Balling  by  the 

I.  <  ionatant  and  faithful  in 

any  i  r  confidence;  bearing  true 

-    adicative  of  faithful  devo- 

lt.  I    .   <  I.   /.  galia,  legal  ) 

In)  'al-l-l.  1       i  iiii-  wliu  a. Hi,  -■ 

i..i  '  -4 1  - 1  > .  In)  'al-ly, 

■  ••    M.I.I  ',1  IV'l;  I  IUKMTT. 

Ignatius      I  101    1656).     A 

' 
Lo'yo- 


l-.n  ii. 
|..i  ■>-, 


Synj 


Levy*' 


Jeeuli 


ii-iu. 

i 


I  ■:'!■ 

•  ■  irlea  J.  an   Marie 

:n.   I-  \TIIKH 

I  ■  ■  i   I .  e  aa  losel. 

loz'enge,    1    lei'enj;   2  16a'- 

1.  wth    ., 

'.. 

'  '''  •  H 
<     Uj'tnf 

L.  P.  M-. 

L.  P.  8., 

I     -  . 
Dean  Society,  tecti*  ri 

I.  v.. 

I 
' 
JOJI''  I   '    . 

i     '   . 
Int.   i.  ml.,  n 

lull  h.  r.  -    2  Ifib'er,  n       An  awkward,  ungainly 

[<    W    Uot>.  a  dunce.)— Iub'ber-ll-ne^«,   n  —  lub'ber-l) , 
o.  it  id'.. 


Bookbli 

i.i.  ii- 
a  lubber,    lub'bert: 


i  .ii.  i...<  i..  ■  lob'ok.HIr  John  (1834-18 

i  ,.r,i    tvebury,   IS  enlist,  arobeologlst, 

minor 

i  ii  i.. .  k.  i  free  i        ■■  N  •  ■•  rmany, 

rompoaiua:  with  I  in  suburbs  an  Imperial  ttate;  ii  • 

|M>p      I 

in  iiri-i  ate,   i   ha  i.ii  k.i .  2  lu  i.i  i  ..u.   ..'     [-cAi  in', 
i        ipplj  with  :i  lubrieanl .  ai  beai  i 
i.  friction     !  lipix  >  i  ]     lu'hrl- 

■   nil.  Ill '  liri-i    i    il. .ii.  lu'lirl-l'»"llir,   n 

lu-l.rlr  l-l)  .   1    llu  I  II 

belni  slippery .  bonce,  *inf 

Lewdna        :i.   Power  fur  lubrication      [.     V.  tutu. 
i    .'.'..      illpper)  1 
in  i.n-i.ii   nun,  i  UQ'bn-fak'ithan;  2  10'  n    The 

:i.  i  ..r  |ir..,-.-^.s  uf  lubricating,  nr  making  slipper)  nr  smooth, 
I-     i..  Uioriou,  slippery,    j    faettoln-),  makJ 

make  | 

i  ii  .  hi.  :■,  t,     \  Roman  poi 

l.ll-ra'nl-a.  1  Ins  1.. -'in  ...  2  hl-i  A'nl -a.  n.     An  anetent  country 

in  8    i 
In-,  .irne',    1    llu-k.irir.  E   111  ,  :irn'.    n        \   ,|,,rin.T-  nr  garret* 

wlndow;  also,  a  small  window  or  light  in  a  spin-     |i   .  ■    i.. 
oINIamp,  ■    lueeo,  lu-ea]  ne  '1 , 

l.ue'ea.  l  luk'ka;  2  luCea,  a.    a  provlnt  .  pop, 

iral  i '..ii    alao,  II    i  apltal;  pop  78,1 

lure,  i  lids;  l'  in..-,  'i     A  Bah,  the  pike,  especially  when  fully 

tr.mn  01  I.I.    hi.  I  . 

in  cent),  l  llfl'aent;  2  IQ'cent,  a  Showing  radiance  nr  iirii- 
llance;  luminous     |-     L>.  lucen(t-)i,  ppr.  of  lueto,  ahlne.] 

Ill  'eell-l)  .    il 
lll-rer  lial,    1    lui-siir'n,,! .   2    lu-eer'nal,    S.      Relating    I"  any 

artificial  light.    1  ^  L.  iucerna,  lamp,  -    luceo,  shine.] 
lu-eoriu-'1,  l  liu-edrn';  2  lu-pBrn',  n.    A  tall.  olover>like 

herb  used  f..r  forage:   now  oommonly  called  alfalfa. 
i    lu  i  -',, .  lucerne  i    lu-eern':. 
Lu-cerne'-,  l  lu-eern'; 2  tu-cern',  a,    A  Bwias  canton  (680 aq. 

m  ;  pop.  172,000):  also,  n^  capital  cltj  ■  i »- •  t •   (1,600),  situ- 

ated  nn  the  picturesque  Lake  of  L. 
Lu'clan,  i  Ufi'lhan;   2  lu'shan,  a.     (126?  210?)     A  Greek 

rhetorician  and  satirist;  Dialogui ..  etc.    Lii"el-a'nus:. 
In'cid,  1  liu'snl;  2  lu'i.-id,  a.    1.  Intellectually  clear:  -:m,- 
iflily  underatood:   perapiouous;  clear,    :i.  Giving 

forth  light;  shining,     4.  Translucent;  pelluoid.     6.  Boi 
smooth  and  shining.  [<  L.  lueidut,  <  Euceo, 

ahlne.]     Syn.:  Bee  clbab;  sink;  ibanspahent.     lu-eld'l- 

t),;i.    la'eld-nesst.    lu 'old-ly,  adc 
I.ii'ci-fer,  1  liu'si-fctr;  2  iQ'ci-fer,  n.    1.  The  morniog star. 
:t.  |i-]  a  frictdon«match.  Ia'cl-fer>match'rt. 

[i...  Ught«brlnglng,  <  lux,  light,  +  fen,  bear.]     Lu-elf'er- 

,.ii-,.  .i     i.  nf  or  peruUnlng  to  Lnolfer.    2,  [i-|  E^nlttlng 

liijtit:  used  also  figuratively. 
lu'el-forni5,  1  lliVsi-rorm;  2  lu'i.'i-fnrm.  a.     Saving  the  nature 

or  appearance  of  llcht.    [<  L.  lux  (die-),  light,  4-  -FOBH.] 
lu'ei-KiTi,  i  LiQ'BV-Jen;  2  lu'cl-gen,  a,  An  nil-lamp  In  which  the 

oil  Is  sprayed  to  Increase  the  Ugntoirface.    [<  L.  lui 

light,   :  -OB»  I  [presiding  over  childbirth. 

La-el  'na,  1  llu-sal'na;  2  IQ-cI'na.  n.   Rom.  Myth.  The  goddeas 
lurk,  1  Ink;  2  luk.  n,    That  which  happens  by  chance; 

fortune  or  loi     [Cp.  I>   /"'■•.  G.  pZfic/fc.j  -lackless, 

Saving    no    lu.-k.      fliok'y,    a.       [i.i  i  k'i-kk;     LUCK'I-BBT.j 

Pavored  by  fortune;  sucossaful;  auspicious     Syn.:  see  aus- 

PIClOtJB;     I'iim  mil:    BAPPT;    welu     luek'l-ly,    adv. — 

luek'l-ness,  n. 
Lack 'now,  I  luk'nau;  2  lak'now,  n,    A.  division  of  the  United 

Provinces  ol  Agra  and  Oudh,  India  (12,040  Bq.  m.:  pop, 
i  in  (pop.  260,000),  lis  capital;  Bcene  "f  a 

notable  siege  during  the  Indian  mutiny,  i  B67   i  S68. 
Ill 'era-live',   1   hi'i'kii.-tiv;  2  li'i'ira-tiv,  a.      Productive 

of    wealth;    highly    prnlitabli-       Syn.:    see   profitable. — 

lu'cra-tivo-i)",  ad-     la'era-tlT(e-ne8s*,  n 
In 'ere,  1  Ii u'k ;.r ;  2  iQ'eer,  n.     Money,  especially  a*  tin- 

object  of  greed;  k'aln.     [v.,  <  L.  lucrum,  galn.l    Syn.:  aee 

wi  una. 
I.ii-rre'tl-a,  1  llu-krl'sTii-a:  2  IQ-ore'shl-a.  n.    A  Roman  lady 
■  suicide  when  dishonored  by  Sextus  Tarqulnlue  led  to 

the  expulsion  of  the  Tarquln  kings. 

Lu-ere'tl-us,  1  llu-krl'shi-ns;  2  hl-i  re'shl-i'is.  Tllus  L.  Carus 

SI?  B  C).    A  Etonian  poel  and  philosopher. 

Ill  Yu-lirate.     I     lrQ'klU-br8t;    2    10'efl-brftt,    V.       [-BBAT*EDd; 

-iimr'iMi  |    1. 1    To  elaborate  or  perfect,  as  by  night  study. 

II.  f     To  study  or  write  laboriously ;  thlnl  or  reason  closely. 

■     lui  Hue-).  llkTht. )  —  lu"- 

eii-hra'lloii,  n.    1. 1  ilose  and  earnesl  meditation  or  study. 

2.  A  literary  compo   I lu'eu-bra-to"ry,  a.    Pcrtain- 

Ing  tour  produced  by  lucubration 
lu'eu-lent,  1  IIQ'klu-lent:  2  IQ'eQ-lent,  a.     I.  Full  of  llcht: 
brilliant;  pellucid,    'i.  Clearly  evident;  lucid.    l<  L.  lucu- 

Lu-euI'las,  l  Uu-kuros;2  10-eul'us,  Laelas  Llolnlus  uio?- 
67?  B  '  A  Roman  consul,  proverbial  for  his  wealth  and 
luxury—  Lu-cul'll-an,  a. 

lu'dl-crous,  1  liu'di-krus:  2  lu'di-criis,  a.    Calculated  to 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    lu  =  feud;    <5hin;    go;    rj  =  sin(7;    (hln    this 
475  2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,'   this! 


low 
lurch 


excite  laughter;  droll;  ridiculous.  [<  L.  ludicrus,  < 
ludo,  play. J  Syn.:  see  absurd;  humorous;  queer;  ridicu- 
lous.— lu'di-crous-ly,  adv. — lu'dl-crous-ness,  n. 

luff,  )  1  luf;  2  luf.     I',  vt.  &  vi.     To  steer  closer  to  the 

luf  p» J  wind.  II.  n.  1.  The  act  of  sailing  a  ship  close  to 
the  wind.  2.  The  rounded  part  of  a  vessel's  bow.  [  < 
D.  loeven.  <  loef,  the  weather=gage.]    looft. 

lug,  1  lug;  2  lug,  v.  (lugged;  lug'ging.]  \.t.  1.  To  carry 
or  pull  with  exertion;  drag.  2.  To  construct  with  a  lug 
or  projection.  II.  i.  1.  To  move  heavily;  drag.  2.  To 
pull  laboriously.     [  <  Sw.  lugga,  pull.] 

lug',  n.  A  square  sail  bent  to  a  yard  and  having  no  boom. 
lug''sail"j. — lug'ger,  ra.  Naut.  A  small  two=  or 
three=masted  vessel  with 
lug=sails,  used  in  fishing. 

lug2,  n.    The  lobe  of  the     j      "'"'fH^       ^  ,     Lugger, 
car;  the  ear.     [<  Sw. 
lugg,  forelock.; 

lug  'gage,  1 1  ug'ij ;  2  lug'' 
ag,  n.  Any- 
thing bur- 
densome 01 
heavy  to  car- 
ry. 2.  [Eng._ 
Baggage. 
[  <lug,  v.] 

lu-gu'bri-ous, 

1   liu-giu'bn-  E-=fei 
us;  2  lu-gu'-  ~~ 
bri-tis,  a.    1. 
Exhibiting  or 

producing  sadness;  doleful.     2.  Exaggeratedly  solemn. 
[<  L.  lugubris,  <  Ivgeo,  mourn.]     Syn.:  see  sad. 
— lu-gu 'brl-ous-ly,  adv. — lu-gu  'bri-ous-ness,  n. 

lug 'worm",  1  lug'wurm";  2  lug'wurm".  n.  An  annelid  living 
in  the  sand  of  seashores,  with  two  rows  of  tufted  gills  on  the 
back,  much  used  for  bait,    lug 'bait"}:. 

Lu-l'nl,  1  lfl-I'nl;  2  lu-i'nl,  Bernardino  (14707-1530?).  An 
Italian  painter;  Madonna  of  the  RoscHedge. 

Luke,  1  luk;  2  luk.  Saint.  One  of  the  four  Evangelists;  com- 
panion of  the  Apostle  Paul  on  his  missionary  journeys  and 
during  his  imprisonment. 

luke'warm",  1  liuk'werm";  2  luk'warm",  a.  1.  Moder- 
ately warm;  tepid.  2.  Hence,  not  ardent  or  hearty;  in- 
different.   -Iy,  adv.   -ness,  n. 

lull,  )  1  lol;  2  liil.    I.  vt.  &  vi.    To  soothe  to  rest;  become 

lulp,  j  calm;  quiet;  abate.  II.  n.  1.  An  abatement  of 
noise  or  violence;  an  interval  of  calm.  2.  [Poet.]  That 
which  lulls  or  soothes.    [Imitative.]    Syn.:  see  tranquilize. 

lull'a-by,  1  lul'e-bai;  2  lul'a-by,  n.  [-biesz,  pi.]  A 
cradle«song.    [  <  lull.] 

lum,  1  lum;2  lum,  n.  [Prov.  Eng.  &  Scot.]  A  chimney.  [<  W. 
llumon.\ — lum'nead",  n.    A  chimney=top. 

lum'bar,  1  lum'bar;  2  lum'bar.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  or 
situated  near  the  loins.  II.  n.  A  lumbar  vertebra  or 
nerve.  [<  L.  lumbus,  loin.] — lum-ba'go,  n.  Rheu- 
matic pain  in  the  back  or  loins. 

lum'ber1,  1  lum'bar;  2  lum'ber,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  fill  with 
lumber  or  useless  material.  2.  To  encumber.  3.  To 
heap  in  disorder.  II.  i.  [U.  S]  To  deal  in  lumber. — 
lum'ber-ing,  n.    Felling  and  shaping  timber. 

lum'ber2,  vi.  To  move  heavily;  rumble.  [<  Sw.  lomra, 
<  ljumm,  heavy  rumble.]— lum'ber-ing,  a.  Clumsily 
huge;  rumbling. 

lum'ber,  n.  1.  Timber  sawed  into  merchantable  form, 
especially  boards.  2.  Disused  articles  laid  aside,  .1. 
Hence,  rubbish.  [Prob.  orig.  'pawnshop,'  <  Lombard, 
the  Lombards  having  been  pawnbrokers.]-  lum'ber-iiiaii, 
n.  A  worker  or  dealer  in  timber,  lum'ber-erj. — lum'- 
bcrsroom",  n.  A  room  for  lumber  or  useless  articles. — 1.» 
yard,  n.  A  yard  for  the  storage  or  sale  of  lumber. 
lu'ml-na-ry,  1  lifi'mi-ne-ri;  2  lii'ini-na-ry,  n.  [-BIBS,1 
pi.]  Any  body  that  gives  light.  [  <  L.  lumen,  light,  < 
luceo,  shine.]— lu"ml-nlf'er-ous,  a.  Producing  or  eonvey- 
Ing  light.  Syn.:  see  bright.  lti"ml-nos'l-ty,  n.  The 
quality  of  being  luminous,  lu'iiil-noiis-ncssl.  lu 'nil- 
nous,  a.     1.  Giving  or  emitting  light;  shining.     2.  Full  of 

light;  well  lighted;  bright.    :i.  Perspicuous;  lucid.    Syn.:  sec 
bright:  vivid.     !u'ml-nous-l>,  adv. 
lump,  1  lump;  2  lump,  v.     I.  t.     1.  To  throw  into  a  lump; 

heap  indiscriminately.  2.  To  take  "r  consider  in  tie- 
gross.  3.  [Slang]  To  put  up  with.  II.  i.  1.  To  do  ser- 
vice as  a  stevedore.  2.  To  grow  lumpy. 
lump,  n.  1.  A  shapeless  mass  of  inert  matter,  especially 
a  small  mass.  2.  A  mass  of  things  thrown  together,  3. 
A  protuberance.  4.  A  stupid  person,  |  <  Sw.  Norw. 
lump,  stump.]  S.vn.:  see  mass.-  lump'lng,  a.  Heavy; 
bulky. — lump'lsh,  a.  Like  a  lump;  stupid.  -Iy,  adv. 
-ness,  n.~ lump'y,  a.  [liimc'i-kii;  UJMP'I-BST.]  Full  (if 
lumps;  gross.— lunip'l-ncss,  n. 


lunip'nsb".  1  lump'fish';  2  lump'fish*,  n.  A  flan  of  northern 
seas,  oval  in  shape  and  with  the  skin  studded  with  three  lat- 
eral rows  of  tubercles.    Iuiiip'=suck"er;. 

Lu'na,  1  liu'na;  2  lu'na,  n.  Horn.  Mi/i!i.  The  goddess  of  the 
moon  and  of  months. 

lu'na-cy,  1  liu'na-si;  2  lu'na-cy,  n.  [-ciesz,  ;>/.]  1.  An 
intermittent  form  of  insanity;  mental  unsoundness.  2. 
Exaggerated  foolishness;  wanton  and  senseless  eunduet 
[<  lunatic]    Syn.:  see  insanity. 

lu'nar,  1  liu'nar;  2  lu'nar,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  measured 
by  revolutions  of  the  moon;  lunate.  [  <  L.  lunaris,  < 
luna,  the  moon.]— lu-na'ri-an.  I.  «.  Pertaining  to  the 
moon.  II.  n.  A  supposed  inhabitant  of  the  moon,  lu'- 
na-ry.  I.  a.  Connected  with  the  moon.  II.  n.  A  fern, 
the  moonwort.  —  lu'nate,  a.  Crescent-shaped,  lu'nat- 
edt.— lu'na-tlc.  I.  a.  Affected  with  lunacy;  en 
sane.  Syn.:  see  insane,  n.n.  An  Insane  person,  lu-ua'- 
tlon,  n.    The  interval  between  two  returns  of  the  new  moon. 

lunch,  1  lundh;  2  lunch.     I'.  vt.  &  vi.     To  take  lunch- 
furnish  lunch  for.     II.  n.     A  light,  meal  between 
meals,  as  breakfast  and  dinner.    [Var.  of  limp  1 

lunch'eon,  1  luneh'sn;  2  lunch'ou,  n.    Same  as  lunch 

Lun'dy'sLane,lltm'diz;21un'dy8.AregIonnearDrummonds- 
ville,  Ont..  where  the  Americans   fought  the  British.  1814. 

lune,  1  liun;  2  Iun,  n.  1.  Grow.  A  figure  bounded  !i\  two  arcs 
of  circles.  2.  The  moon.  :{f.  An  outbreak  of  lunacy;  a  mad 
freak.    [F.,  <  L.  luna,  the  moon,  <  luceo,  shine.] 

lu-nette',  1  liu-net';  2  lu-net',  n.  Something  having  the 
shape  of  a  half«moon,  as  a  fortified  work,  mural  open- 
ing, etc.    [F.,  <  L.  luna,  moon.l 

Lu"ne"vil!e',  1  lu"ne"vll';  2  Iu'ne"viT,  r».  A  town  in  \  i  . 
France;  here  the  French  strongly  opposed  the  Germans,  1914. 

lung,  1  lurj;  2  lung,  n.    Either  of  the  two  organs  of  res- 
piration in    a i r » 
breathing       crea- 
tures.    [<  AS. 
lungen,  lung.) 

lunge,    1     lunj;     2 
lung.     I .    vi . 
[lunged;     lung'- 
ing.]      To  make  a     i 
lunge;  thrust.    II.  1 
n.    1.  A  long,  sud-  1 
den     thrust.        2. 
[Colloq.]     A    sud-  Q 
den  forward  lurch 
plunge.        [  <     F 
allonger,  lengthen.] 

lung'wort",    1   lun'- 

rriuVoSneTo      p°*'crl°r  Vlew  °f  »'"-" 

Of    the    borage    fain-      «.»•!"""■"»:  '■■  M-«c:r.lr.cl,.-.;./ ,  rlR .1  Won,-!,.,.; 
,,  .         .      °        ,  ,       9,  tlivipii'ti  tn  itu-  1 1 1 ' i >. - r  1   '  the  l-wr-r 

lly,     having     white ,„,,,..,,,,.„  i,r(l„,.hl„,.  ,1(  ,  |„,,;  ,, 

blotches       on       the  dlvljlon  to  the  lower  lobe;  >,  lofl  hrmnob  of  UMrmlmo- 

leaves.  narv  art«-rr;  k,  ripht    bmnohoftiia   pulmosuj   artrr,; 

lu'nl-,  lliQ'm-;  2  lu'-'-  l,:'ft  »""•''  •  "- 
r.1  tvmi      Tot._  Inferior  pttlmontrj 

nl-.      I?rom     l>atm 

luna,  moon:   a  com-cava;  r<  un  vontrlolo;  «,  right  reotrlole, 
bining    form. — lu'- 

ni-form,a.    Likethe  moon  in  shape.    [  I   -koiim  1     lu"ul- 
so'lar,  a.     Relating  to  the  sun  and  moon  conjolntl 
solar.]— lu"ni-il'd:il,  a.     Relating   to  the  tides  u  pro- 
duced by  the  moon's  attraction, 
lunt,  1  lunt;  2  hint,  n.     i.  [Scot.]  A  whiff  of  Bmoke      'M.    I 

match  for  firing  a  cannon;  a  matoh«look  I  D  lont.matob.] 
lu'nu-la,  1  llu'niu-la;2  IQ'nfi-la,  n.  |-i,.i:.  1  -II:  2  -18,  pi  I  1.  A 
crescentic  structure  or  appearance;  Bpeclflcally,  the  whitish 
area  at  the  base  of  the  nails,  'i.  Math  A  lune  [L„  dim  ol 
luna;  see  lune.]— lu'nu-lar,  a.  Having  the  form  ol  ■  imall 
crescent,  lu'im-latei. 
lu 'mile,  l  liu'niui;  2  IQ'nQl,  n     I.  a  crescent<8haped  pari  or 

marking.    '!.  Math.  A  lune      I  •     I.,  lunula;  see  n  NULA.] 

Lu"per-ca'll-a,    1    llfl'per  kS'li  ••.   2    10  pel  cft'll-a 

aoman  festival  celebrated  on  Feb    16,  Id  t 

deity,  Lupercns.    Lu'per-calt, 
hi 'pine,  i  1  liQ'pin;  2  [Q'pin,  a     1.  i  H 
lu'pln",  (  wolf;  like  a  wolf;  wol 

to  the  group  of  oanines  that  includi    dog   andwi 
lu'plue,  in.     a  plant  of  the  bean  lamil  crtulnai 

lu'pin  .  S  racemes  ol  mo  tlj    blui    oi   purpli    ri 

while  lupine  of  the!  lid  World,  who  - 

for  rood,  and  the  «ll«i  lupine  of  tho  1 

I  ■    i-\  lupin,       i    Xuptnut,  wolMIko  I 
lu'pus,  l  110'pus;  2  10'pOs,  n.    I.  [I  a"",  :l 

constellation    I  ee  •  on   reLLATi 

Bj  en   ■•  <    '      i  ni  rallj  t u(  tbi  no  •  '    -   .  '.,""    ', 

lurch",  I  lun  h     llftrch,        I     '     To  iwindli      "        In 

cribbage,  piquet,     n d    I  ■  '"  "'"  n     ,",'IV  , 

game. 

lurch'.  -     To  i"ii  to 
lurch',  n.    In 
only  30  holes  while  hi    oppt  '  -  '"""• 


Inn  h 
M  ..  .1. 


lur.  Il 
lllf.  Il  . 
lur.  h  . 


nil. I 


I  i         ..  1       nt.ftr;   full.  rftlo;   l.iK.I'ftrn; 

iii  i  .1  hoi.  ftr,  won,  47(1 


i 


i 


ii 


I 

I  .  r  iltill- 

dirtj  »brow  ti 

I .  ish  or  in 

:  i  rhaps 


lu« 


lll-ll. 


I  il    -i- 


lu-t. 


1.  Very  grateful  t"  the 
to  any 

'.    - 

-Ij .  - 

I.  I  ilence; 

.'.  ... 

i 
lur  Portua  i     .'.  \ 
.ii  submarine,  May 

I.u  '-l-l.i'iil-.ui,  ..    ,v  r. 
I  .  ,t.'  ,,r  inordi- 

II.  I.  Vehe- 

■r.liiiat'- 

ination. 

\~  lust  'ful,         Bavins 

-I),  -in". 

lu*  i>r  .  I .                      -  sheen; 

In-  ire.  .'.  Brilliancy  of  character  or 

■  I.  .    highly 

•  ■  I                   .    <    L. 

lus'trous,        Having  luster;  shining.    Stoj 

In-  i.  r  .  In-  in:. 

In-  irin..  A  glossy  plain  heavy  silk. 

splendor,  <  L.lucco, 
lu-'lrln  .       ;  lui.    -irliik    . 

lu-'iriini  .1.  A  lustration  or 

pur.'  d  of  the 

.'.  \  period 
lu-  'tr.il.         1.  Per- 
tain. 2.  Pertaining  to  a  lustrum. 
lu-   lr  ii-                     .   .    '         I  il  —  t  r;i '  I  loi  i . 
lu-t  ')  .  .  I     1  i.ll 

In-t   i-lnim]   ,     n.— 
lu-l   l-l;.  .  lu-l    l-in  --. 

lu'-u-  na-lu  I  i  oa-UQ'rT;  2  lQ'sus  na-tu'rC,  sing.  & 

'rcak  or 
[L-l 


Mil. 


lui.      . 
procesi  ■' 


II 


I.  (     Tu  ; 

Int. 


.%  the  liit--.    'i.  [Pot  t  |  To 


opyard)  be- 
lu-ia 'Hon,  n.    The 

■  nt       (  <  A  • 


Int.    . 


1. 


around 

.... 

;. 

<m,  mud.]  IuCIiik:. 

-Mil. 


I. nth.. 

I.u'th. 

man 


M  irlln 

' 

Lu  '- 
I  h'  r-  in. 

'  inirrti  or  doctrine. 

I.u  't  her-  in  .  -.  a  member  or 

In 'llnr-an-l-iii.  llier-anJ;. 

lu'thern,  1  Uu'fharn;  2  lu'thern,  n.    Arch.   A  lucarnc.    lu'- 


l  in 


1   lllliwll,  S  llir»On.   'i        V   I. mn  Iii  s     fin    .la.  Iirre 

\    .     i     ■  ..    Napoleon 

001    lit    ll 
I..  pp    "f  IttMi 

lin-i  n.'ii.         \   '     oration, 
luir,  •  ■  niir  quallt)  .  Iii\ur.\  :  ii»iiull>  with 

i 
I  u\  em-burs;,  1   It  irg,  n.     1.  A 

.  i>  ii.  IkIiiiu,  i  ■  ii  nnan> .  nou- 

.   ■ 

I    | 
i  in  ..i .  I  winter  reson  on  the  Nile  in 

t  poor  i  ni>i.  the  site  "t  anoloni  Thi  tny  an- 

ii.ii. 

Iiiv-ii   1 1. ml.  Mi'ri-aiit,  n.     Super- 

alniii'laiit    in    growth;    profuse;    superfluous       I-      L 

i        lui-u  rl-aiit-l) ,  ,/,/r 
lui-u  rl-.ince.  Iiii-u'rl-.iii-c)  :. 

Iin-il  'r i-:i I 

I  .  5.1       In  .    -.imipt  U 

8.  Figuratively,  to  glorj  oi  revel      lu\-u"rl-a'lloii,  n, 

liiv-u'rl-uiis.  l  l  I.  Per- 

taining or  administering  to  luxury ;  voluptuous  {.Sup- 
plied w uli  luxurii       -l> .  -ni'^s  n. 

lu\  u-r>.  l  luk'snu-n;  2  Ifik'shu-ry.  «  [-biks*,  pi.]  1.  A 
free  indulgence  in  the  pi  I  gratify  tin 

'!.   Anything  productive  "i  gj  a  delicacy, 

:t.  Anything  thai  ministers  to  oomforl  "r  pleasure,  but 
i-  qo1  necessary  to  life,  health,  lib  isti  noe,  eto,  |  <  L. 
luiurtti,  ■    Iwrus,  extravagance.] 

I.u-zun',  1  In  .  u     ■  ■  p.)  iii  ihuii'. 

in  .  pop.  3,790,000)  ol  the  I'liil ii*— 
pine  Islands;  capital,  Manila. 

ii ..  i  .  ave,  livn-s. 

-I-.  i         ilthei    ture  of;  pertaining  to:  used  to  form 

adjectives  from  nou  godly.    [<  AS.  -He,  Form.] 

-ii  .  i  oer:  used  to  form  adverbs 

from  adjectives,  ur  (rarely)  from,  nouns;  as,  brightly,  long- 
ingly. \  torm  i 

h-ean'thrope,  1   lui-kan't  ■  'throp,  PI.     1.   Folk- 

\  werwolf,    '*.  One  afflicted  with  lycanthropy.    [< 

ttoi,  wolf.  +  anOtrOpos,  man.]    ly-can'tbxo-py,  n. 

i.  i    •    fabulous  power  of  transformation  ol  a  human 

being  Into  a  wolf.    (2)  Belief  In  werwolves,    'i.  A  mania  In 

which  the  patient  Imagines  blmsell  to  be  a  wolf, 

l>"ri-r',  l   ir-.'.  g  i;.  •.  \   public  classical  secondary 

Bohool  qualifying  for  a  university;  a  lyceum.     [F.] 

lj-ce'lllli,  1  lui--i'iim;  2  l> •-i.-r'uiu,  n.  [-TJMB*  nr  -a,  pi.] 
1.  [U.  B.]  An  association  for  popular  instruction  by 
lectures,  a  library,  debates,  etc  ;  also,  its  building  or 
hall.  2.  An  intermediate  classical  school.  3.  (I.-J 
Originally,  a  grove  near  Athens  in  which  Aristotle 
taught.    (I..,   <  '■!    /  .  •  on,   <  Lykeius,  Apollo,  the 

'wolf-slayer,'   <   lyio  .  wolf  | 

lyebi  n.     Same  its  i.k  ii,  n.-lycli'sgate",  n. 

I..m'1-.i.  1  lis'i-o;  2  lyt'l-a,  n.  An  ancient  district  of  south- 
Minor.     I,>c'l-an,  a.  &  n. 

I,}"co-IM>'dl-uin,  1  lui'  i.o-|m"i'i|i-uin;  2  ly'co-po'dl-0m,  n. 
l.  Bot.  a  genus  of  evergreen  plants,  the  clubomosses.  '£. 
[I-]  An  inflammable  fine  yellow  powder,  tin- sponsor  club* 
[<  (Jr.  lykot,  wolf,  +  pous  (pod-),  foot. |—  I)  'co- 
pod,  n.     a  plant  of  the  chuVmoss  family. 

I.j-cur'Kus,  i  lol-kOr'gos;  2  ly-cur'gus,  n,  1.  A  Beml»mythl- 
cal  Spartan  lawgiver   about  820  B.C.).    2.  An  Attlo  orator; 

supporter  of  I  Ii 
1}  (I  'dlle,  1  Ud'alt  ;  2  l.vil'll.  il.     An  explosive  used  liy  the  Hrlt- 

Dd  laid  i"  i f  such  force  as  to  destroy  all  life 

Within   a   ra'llu-  of   Ilfty   yards  merely   hy   coiieu.'.slon.      [< 
I        Land,  Where  It  Is  manufactured.) 

Ly-deklter,  l  lal-dek'er;  2  ly-dek'er,  Richard  (184U-1915). 
\u  i.ni-'ii-ii  naturalist,  author,  and  compiler, 

l.\d'l-a,  1  Ud'l-e;  L'  lyd'l-a,  n.     1.  The  ttrst  i   hrlstlan  convert 

at  I'hiiippi.    An-  \vi.  il.    'I.  An  ancient  maritime  province 

of  \\     A  -la  Minor,  famous  for  wealth,  luxury,  and  music. — 

l.>d'l-aii,  a.  &  n. 
lie,  1  lui ;  2  ly,  n.    A  solution  leached  from  ashes  or  derived 

from  any  substance  containing  alkali,  used  in  maKiiiK 
,  preparing  hulled  corn,  i  le&h,  lye.] 

Lj  'ell,  l  i.u'.  I.  2  Ira,  Sir  Charles  I  1797    1876).    An  Kngllsh 

I)  'iim  ,  1  loi'irj;  2  ly'iru?,  pa.     Being  in  a  horizontal  posi- 

I]  "lng«ln'f  n. 
infinement  of  women  during  childbirth;  imrturi- 
tion:  used  also  adjectively. 
ly'lnif-,   pa.     Addicted   to,   conveying,   or  constituting 

ood;  mendacious;  false,     ly'inn-ly, 
ly'lriK,   '        I  of  telling  lies;  untruthfulness. 

Syn_-  «<■'■  on  bption.    Compare  lie*,  n. 
Lyl'j,  1  lll'i;  2  lyl'y.  John  (1664    1606).    An  Kngllsh  drama- 
I   romance. writer.      See  EUPHUISM.      Ujl'let. 

lym't,  i.  Ac  n.    Same  as  limb. 


'.-   l'■^Z?X*?l'•   KS,hab'*l   "^ej    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    (Shin;    go;    rj  =  sin(7;    fhin.   this.  lurch 

477   2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  b&y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.   Maedonald 


lym=t,  n.     A  lime=hound.     lyme'=hound"t;  lym'eret. 

Iym3t,  n.    Lime. 

lyiue't,  re.    Birdlime. 

lyme^t,  re.    End;  limit. 

lymph, )  1  limf ;  2  lymf,  n.     1.  A  transparent,  colorless, 

lymf,  )  alkaline  fluid,  consisting  of  a  plasma  resembling 
that  of  the  blood  and  of  corpuscles  like  the  white  blood= 
corpuscles.  2.  The  coagulable  exudation  from  the 
blood-vessels  in  inflammation.  3.  The  virus,  or  a  cul- 
ture of  the  virus,  of  a  disease,  used  in  vaccination  or 
similar  treatment.     [  <  L.  lympha,  clear  water.] 

lym'phad,  n.  [Scot.)  A  galley  with  oars  and  one  mast.  [< 
Gael,  longfhada.] 

lym-phat'ic,  1  lim-fat'ik;  2  lym-fat'ic.  I.  a.  1.  Pertain- 
ing to,  containing,  or  conveying  lymph;  absorbent.  2. 
Having  a  phlegmatic  temperament.  II.  re.  A  vessel 
that  conveys  lymph  into  the  veins;  an  absorbent  vessel. 

lynch1,  1  lincTi;  2  lynch,  vt.  To  punish  for  imputed  crime 
by  lynch=law.  [  <  Charles  Lynch,  of  Virginia.] — 
lynch 'daw",  re.  Summary  punishment  by  a  self-appointed 
commission  without  trial  by  law. 

Lynd'say,  1  lind'zi;  2  lynd'gy,  Sir  David,  "of  the  Mount" 
(1490-1555).    A  Scottish  poet;  Historic  of  Sguyer  Mrtdrum. 

Lynn,  1  lin;  2  lyn,  re.  1.  A  manufacturing  and  seaport  city  in 
E.  Massachusetts;  pop.  89.000.  2.  A  seaport  and  markets 
town  in  E.  England;  pop.  20,200.    King's  Lynn;. 

lynx,  1  links;  2  lynks,  n.  1.  A  feline  mammal  with  short 
tail, tufted  _^_^____ 

ears,  and  rela-    _         -gS|"^i  ^S?£*^  Common 

tively   long    ^  ■«  «Skv 

limbs.  2.  [L-] 
A  northern 
constel  1  ation. 

See  CONSTEL- 
LATION.   [L.,< 

Gr.  lynx,  lynx.] 

— lynx'scyed",  a 

acute  sight. 
Ly"on"nals',  1  li"e"ne';  2  ly 

o"na',   re.     An  ancient  province  of   S.   E.   France. 
Ly"ons\  1  iron';  2  ly"6n'.  re.    A  seaport  city  (pop.  524,000)  of 

S.  E.  France.— Gulf  of  L.,  an  inlet  of  the  Mediterranean 

sea,  S.  coast  of  FraDce. 
lyr.,  abbr.     Lyric. 
ly'rate,  1  lai'ret;  2  ly'rat,  a.    Lyre=shaped,  as  a  pinnatifld  leaf 

having  Its  upper  lobes  largest,    ly  'rat-ed$. 


lyre,   1   lair;   2   lyr,   n.      1.   Mvs.   An   ancient    harp-like 

stringed  instrument,  having  a  hollow  body  ami  two 
horns  bearing  a  crosspiece,  between  which  and  the  body 
were  stretched  the  strings,  generally  seven,  2.  [I.-] 
The  constellation  Lyra.  .See  constellation.  3.  1  j  re- 
verse. [F.,  <  Gr.L  lyra, 
lyre.]— Iyre'=hird",  u.  An 
Australian  bird  haying  the  16 
tail-feathers  of  the  males  ar- 
ranged in  lyre  shape. 

lyr'ic,  1  lir'ik;  2  lyr'ic,  a.     1. 
Belonging  to  a  lyre;  adapted 
for  singing  to  a  lyre.    2.  Char- 
acterizing emotional  verse  of 
song=like   form.     [  <   Gr.   lyr- 
ikos,     <    lyra,   lyre.]      lyr'l- 
calt.— lyric     poetry,    that    form    of 
poetry  giving  expression  to  thought  as 
penetrated  with  emotion:  the  poetry  ol 
sentiment.    It  includes  the  sonnet,  the 
elegy,   and    the   ode,   song,   psalm,  and 
hymn. — lyr'i-cal-ly,  adv. 

lyr'ic,  n.    1.  A  lyric  poem,  song,   or 
verse.     2§.  A  lyric  poet. 
Syn.:  see  song. 

lyr'ist,  1  loir'ist;  2  lyrist,  n.     1.  One     L>'re-Ulrd-    Va 
who  plays  the  lyre.  2.  A  lyric  poet.     (  <  Or.  lyra,  lyre] 

Lys,  1  lis;  2  lys,  re.    A  river  in  x.  France  and  Belgium;  scene 
of  severe  fighting  In  European  war,  1914-1915  and  ol 
man  defeat  April,  1918. 

Ly-san'der,  1  lai-san'dar;  2  ly-san'dcr,  n.  A  Spartan  general 
who  took  Athens.  404  B.  C.  [orator  of  > 

Lys'i-as,  1  lis'i-as;  2  lys'i-as,  re.     (458  378  B.  CO      \  creek 

Ly-siin'a-chus,  1  lal-sim'a-kus;  2  ly-6lm'a-€U8,  n,  \  king  of 
Thrace  (361-281  B.  C>;  one  of  Alexander's  generals;  de- 
feated and  slain  at  Corupedlon.  [Sicyon,  ttli  oent. 

Ly-sip'pus,  1  lni-sip'ns;  2  ly-sip'us,  n.    A  Greek  sculptor  Of 

-lysis,  -lytic,  suffixes.  Indicating  loosing,  diasoh  Ing,  etc  ;  as. 
hydrolysis,  clccirolytlc.    [<  Gr. /yo.  loose.] 

lyt'ta,  1  Ufa;  2  lyt'a,  re.  A  vermiform  cartilage  or  fibrous 
band  on  the  under  surface  of  the  tongue  in  carnivores,  as  the 
dog.    [<  Gr.  lytta.  rage  [ 

Lyt'ton,  1  lit'an;21yt'on,  re.    1.  Earl  of  (1831    1891),  I  dward 
Bulwer-Lytton;  an  English  poet  and  diplomat;  Lue\ 
Lord   (1803-1873),    Edward   Lytton  Bulwer,  an   English 
poet  and  novelist;  PeOiam,  etc. 


M 


M  m  Roman.       j$(  tfl    better.      ^ m    Scr[^ 

M,  m,  1  em;  2  6m,  n.  [ems,  M's,  or  Ms,  1  emz;2emg,  pi.] 
1.  A  letter:  the  thirteenth  in  the  English  alphabet.  2. 
Same  as  em. 

M.,  abbr.  Majesty,  Master,  Member,  middle,  ynille  (]•'.,  one 
thousand),  Monday,  monsieur.— in.,  abbr.  Manipulus  (L., 
a  handful),  married,  masculine,  mensura  (L.,  measure,  by 
measure),  meridiem,  meridies  (L.,  noon),  meter,  mile,  mill, 
minim,  minute,  month,  moon.  —  m.-,  abbr.  Square  meter. — 
m.3,  abbr.    Cubic  meter.     Sec  metric  system. 

ma,  1  mo;  2  mii,  n.    Mama;  mother. 

M.  A.,  abbr.    [L.]    Magister  Artium  (Master  of  Arts). 

ma'am,  1  mam  or  mam;  2  miim  or  mam.  n.  [Colloq.]   Madam 

Maas,  1  mus;  2  mas,  re.  A  river  in  France,  Belgium,  and  the 
Netherlands;  length,  500  m.  to  the  North  Sea.    MeuseJ. 

Mab,  1  mub;  2  mat),  re.  Eng.  Folk-lore.  The  queen  of  the'  fair 
ies.    Queen  Mabt.  I      Gael,  mac.] 

Mac-,  prefix.  [Scot,  or  Ir.]  Ron:  abbreviated  Me,  M»,  or  .1/'. 

Mac,  Mace,  abbr.    Maccabees. 

Ma-ca'bcr,   1   ma-ko'bar;  2   ma-ca'ber,   a.      Relating   to  or 
descriptive  of  a  dance  symbolizing  the  power  of  death.     | 
F.  macabre,    <    Ar.    makbara,    funeral-chamber  |     Mn-ca'- 
brcj.  (various  lemurs. 

ma-ca'co,  1  ma-ke'ko;  2  ma-efl/eo,  re.  [Madagascar  I  One  of 

mac-ad  'am-i/c  or -isc,  1  mak-ad'am-aiz;  2  tnae  Id'  im 
iz,  vt.  [-ized;  -iz"ini!  ]  To  pave  with  Bmall  broken 
stone,  i  <  Macadam,  a  Scottish  engineer  (1756  1836)  I 
— mac-ad'am,  re.  Broken  stone  for  macadam!  Ing  oi 
roadway  made  therefrom.  mac-ad"am-l-za'|or  -sa'|- 
tlon,  re.  —  mac-ad 'am-iz"rr  or  -ls"er,  n. 

ma-caque',  1  ma-kak';  2  ma-eak',  »  \  monkey  ol  stout 
form,  with  muzzle  considerably  produced,  |i  .  Ktr.ma- 
eaquo.] 

mac"a-ro'nl,  1  mak"a-rf>'rn;  2  mae"a-r8'ni,  n  I.  \n 
edible  Italian  paste  of  flour  made  into  slender  tubes.  2. 
A  medley.  8.  An  exquisite  or  fop.  [<0  li  maccaroni, 
<  maccare,  bruise,  <  L.  muccro,  soften]     mac"ca-ro'nli. 


— mac"a-ron'lc,  a.  1.  Consisting  of  a  burlesque  medley 
of  words;  hence,  jumbled:  mixed,  2.  Pertaining  to  or  like 
macaroni. 

mac"a-roon\  1  mak"a-run';  2  mae"a-roon',  \  small 

cake  of  pounded  almonds,  white  oi  egg,  and  lugar.  [  < 
v.  macaron,  <  O.  it   maecaroni;  see  ma<  lroni 

Mac-Ar'tliur,  ]  mek-flr'thur; 2  mae-ar'thar,  Arthur 
L912).    An  American  general;  governor  oi  the  Phlili 

Ma-cas'sar,  l  ma-kas'sr;  2  ma-eas'ar,    I.  a.    Of,  pertaining 

to.  or  obtained  from  the  district  Ol  Mai  land  Ol 

( lelebes.    II.  n.    An  oil,  as  sandalwood  oil,  - 

taincd  from  Makassar,  but  Inter  casior-oll,  or  the  like,  pcr- 

fumed:  used  as  a  hair-dressing.    Ma-cas'sar  oil":. 
Ma-cau'Iay,   l    ma-ke'h;  2   ma-ea'ly,   Lord    (1800 

Thomas  Bablngton  Macaulay,  an  t  ngUsD  historian 

1st,  and  statesman 
ma-caw',  1  me-ke';2  ma  ca',  n      \  largi   I 

ican parrot.    [<    Bras  macao.]     See  bibd 
Mac-beth',  1  mak  beth';  2  mat  bfith',  n     Mm:  of  Scotland 

(  -1057);   hero  Ol  Shakespeare's  IxagOd)    >><  that    oamc 

inii.ii i   by  a  witch's  prophooj    and   bj    the  ambitious 

promptings  ol  his  wife,  be  murders  King  i  luncan,  whom  tie 
succeeds,  but  is  anallj  Blaln  bj   MaoDuH,  who  i   wife  and 

children  lie  has  murdered 
Mac'Va-bc'iis,  1  ma!  I"'1  ' 

B.  C.)      \  Jowl  ih  pan  lot :  ills  famllj ,  kt  I  b(    M  »i 

cabees,  led  a  rellg a  revolt 

it  ( ■  i      Mac"ca-be'an,  <; 
mac 'ca- boy,  I  mak'o  bel 

rose    centeddarl     aufl   orl  •■  frown 

;ii     [acoube      [art  Inlque     mac',  o-bo) ;. 
Mc-Clel'lan,  I  me-klcl'en;  2  ms  M\    n   fDcorge  Brlnton 

(1826    1885).    An  At 
Me-riiire'.  I    in .,  I  101  sir  KoIm  r(  John  I  .    Hi 

su'rl-er  (1807  1873)      \ admiral  who  I 

north  vest  po  ... 

Mac-dOD'ald,  I  mak-don'ald :  2  i Idn'nUl,  n     I.  «.eorB. 

(1824-191 

John  Alexander  (1816-1891 

i/.cd  the  hi  .i  government  ■•<  t  u 


M  i.  I».m\.-II       ■     „  »         i  i  .  •  1  I  ■  >  0        '•      if!    fu'l.  iO'.      liil.lOrii: 

iii.i^niiu  t  in  >      -hat.  Alt;  i  .      .         (       I         ii        i  i  ...»    ..     ...i     178 


-    rll.     1 
d,-r 
.    II.  1 r • I 

'T   . 


iii. i.    .  r-.u  . 


nurli   .   in  t.  Iiln   . 

'• 

M  .-i.l  ll-.i 

l 


l 

I 

\ 

in  .ii  .      I.,    ir    it. 

in  ii    .  I 

\ 
1913 

t  .    I  ■ 
■  PP  ol 

.  r-.i   tl. .ii. 

mm  hlntal 

\  knife  or 

by   the 


ol      II. 

■■I  lni|i 


n     frinl      \    SP0I    or    blemish;    all 


in. 

no  politician  Nil  I  olo 
•■•in  of  unscrupulous 
I 
II.  \  follower  ol  Machla- 

M    .        .   hi-. i->  ,  I    l-.lll     .         M   II   ll     l-.l-l.  I  il-lll. 

rtijrh  "I I  i   I  l..n. 

•  tlll-'o-la'slloll.  II        I  . 

.  and  .1  parapet  to  permit  missiles 
tailing  enemy, 
an  attacking  party 
•  IF.    machicolU  . 

tiller]  -  ma-ililio-l.il.. 

m.i-rtiln    il.  Z  nia-..hin'al  01 

in  1.  h   i-n.i  11. hi.   .  g  mae"i-na/shon,  n 

stile  rilsn:  also,  such 
a  ptai  I-.  machtna,  machine.]     B] 

aktim    i        ntmch  l-ii.ii.  .  iii:icli'l-ii:i"lor,  fl. 

in.  1-1  Inn.    .  :. '.    .      1.   \ny  combina- 

-    utilizing   or   applying    power. 
-  mechanical  produc- 
2     \  si  tri- 
er and  fulcrum.    (3)  An  automo- 
■  ruction 
2.  1  in.'  who 
.'I.  The  organisation  of 
■a  of  a  government. 
4.  jK-rsons,  as  within  a  polit- 

!   .  <  I.   machina,  < 
ma-chlne'-gun".  n 
. 

ni.i-i  Iiln  '- 

1  :arts  of  a  machine,  or  a  number  of  ma- 

oUectlvely.    2.  Any  combl- 

111  1-1  Inn.  '  —  "m>|i".  n       A  workshop  fur  making 
.  tiring  machi:..        m.  .tool,  n      a  machine  for  doing 

in  per- 
111  'glue  iiml":. 
m  1-.  bin  1*1 .  •. '10  makes  or  repairs  machl  Qi 

.  •  ion,  and  In  the  nae.of  metal* 

m.-k  no  1.  .       •  2  ma-ken's,  Joseph     1843-       ). 

■     Attorney*Oeneral,   1897- 

Mac-».i  n/l.  .  -ken'zi:  2  ma-kf-n'zl.  n.     1.  Bb  Morell 

'.'.  A  district  In 
also,  a  river  (length. 
■'.     i   an.ida. 

in. i.  k  .  r-.  i.   .  I,  n       \n  Atlantic 

ind  -il- 

:.l)liflg   it.       [  <     I.  '" 
mac<i  in  ii  k. n  I  sky,  cirro»CunitllUl  Cloud'forma- 

duppled  -k)  :. 
Mark'l-nac.  1   mal  -  —  r  r.»  1 1   ..f. 

wide. 
M.-KIn   !■  T,  1-  William 

i  shj  : 

2.  a  •  .  the  highest  summit 

Id  N    - 

ni3<  k'in-tosh,  1  mak'in-toah;  2  mik'in-toah,  n      I. 

wat-  -  -garment  or  cloak.     2.  Thin  rubber* 

coated  cloth.     [<   Mackintosh,  the  inventor] 
mack  ie,  1  mak'l.  2  mak'l.    I.  «.  I'rinl.  To  make  a  blurred 


i  i 

M  i.        M  l     In. ii    .  M.irle 

1  Inn     I'll  i  Ii  .     M  in  rli  e  ile   (IKON-  181KI  \    I  : .  i  .  ii   in:ir 

III  warn; 

inufaoturlnt 

M  ..     I'  ,.  r   ton,  I  mi.  - 

ll-ni   uli,  \\  llh. mi    (   li.irl.s 

i  tragedian 
-.  in  ii-  'r-,  I  in;ik  r. >- .  mak  t  r. mi 

Greek  mal  •    oomblnlng  form       mae-ro'bl" 

an,  n     One  who  lit  .vcr  a  hundred  years; 

iiiar"rn-lil-o  N.I-.         Uongl  iii.u-rn'- 

iii-ute.  •      One  «iin  <>r  thai  which  Is  long«llved     I  •    <  ;r 
inn    r..-iii-..t  h  .         Of  oi   pertaining  to  long 
life      mar 'ro-ciisin,  ;i.    I.  The  great  world;  the  universe: 
opposed  I,   i    ■   whole  of  an)  sphere  or  de- 

partment nf  nature  or  knowledge  to  which  man  Is  related 

i         ni.n -ruin  i-ter.    II        \n   Instru- 

iiiint  like  a  sextant,  f..r  measuring  distant  objects  bj  means 

uf  l«.  inn    "ro-~i  oplr.  \  i 

llile   U>   the    naked   e\  e.      [  i     I  .r  iii.ic"rn- 

^i  op  i-i  .il:. 
in.  ii  r..  ii.  I  •  ron,       A    tralght  line  (*)  placed 

...  er  a  vowel  to  show  that  it  to  long;  as,  ft:  opposed  to  otsm 

' 

lliar'ti-1.1,  1  inak'yu-l..;  2  mai '>  u-Ia.  tl,     [-La,  1  -II;  2  -18,  /'/  1 

a  spot,  :n  ..r  color  i. ii  the  skin;  Deck;  blotch.    |i...  spot  I 
mai  ii-i.ii. .    i  .   •    To  spot;  fleck;  stain,    II.. 1.    Bpotted; 
stained.     iihii"ii-I:i 'tton,  a, 

in. ie   ule.  |    A  n      Sam.-  BS  U  I 

mad  1 1  mad;  2  mad.  l'.i/  4»i.  To  madden;  act  madly: 
rave: rage.  II.  n.  [mad'der; iiad'desi  J  1.  Disordered 
m  mind;  insane.  '!.  I  Dcontrollably  excited  by  strong 
feeling,  as  desire,  terror,  or  grief;  intatuated;  distracted. 
3.  [Archaic  or Colloq.l  Angry;  enraged,  4.  Eleckless; 
rash  5.  Saving  hydrophobia  |<  AS.  gemid,  \i>- 
(generallslng),  +  mad,  mad  i    Syn.:  see  tNSANi    nouura 

mad  'Iuium'",  n.    a  lunatic  asylum,     madly,  odt 
mad 'man,  n.    A.  lunatic;  maniac,    mad'ness.n     Insan- 
ity.   Syn  :  -•  •••  i  in  s/1 ;  ins  i\i  ii      mad 'stone*,  n.  (U.S.) 
as  popularly  supposed  to  cure  hydrophobia. 

Mad.,  >ladin..  Madam. 

Had"a-gas'ear,  l  mad's-gasOter:  2  mad'i  -fias'ear,  n.  An 
i^IuhiI  (228,000  s.|  in  .  pop  3,512,700)  off  E.  South  Africa; 
French  colon] .    Mad"a-ga8'can,  a.  &  it. 

iii.nl  am,  l  mad'am;  2  mad'am,  n,     My  lady;  mi 

a  title  of  respectful  address.    [<]..ri  lomtna, 

dame.]  [Madam:  the  original  French  form. 

nia"dame',  1  ma'd&m';  2  mfi  .lam',  n,     [uxs'DAHSa',  pi.\ 

mad 'cap",  l  mad'kap';  2  mad'e&p".  I.  a.  Wild;  rattle* 
brained    \l.n.    One  who  acts  wildly  or  rashly,    mad'- 

hraln":. 

mad  'den,  1  mad'n;  2  miid'n,  rf.  &  ri.  To  drive  or  become 
mad:  inflame  with  passion;  enrage,     niad'dt'ii-iiig,  pa. 

mad'der,  a.   Comp  of  mad,  a. 

mad 'der,  l  maa'ar;  2  mad'er,  n, 
Dial    herb,    or    the    extract 
from  its   mot,  used    in  dye- 
ing red,  also  as  a  pigment. 
[  <  AS.  mxdere,  madder.] 

iii. id 'ding,  1  nia.l'iij :  2  mftd'- 
Ing.  a.  Being  or  growing  mad; 
delirious;  raging;  wild. 

made,  1  mill:  g  mftd.  pa.  1. 
Fabricated;  produced,  espe- 
cially artificially.  2.  A 
of  fortune.  [Pp.  of  miki  .  i  i 
iiiade':up",  11.  I.  Artificial; 
fictitious.  Z.  Completed;  Un- 
Ished. 

Ma-del  'ra,  1  ma-dPre;  2  m:t- 
d.-'ra,  n.  1.  A  PortUgUl 
and.  one  of  a  ETOUp  (the  Ma- 
deira Islands)  In  the  Atlan- 
tic w.  of  Morocco  (815 sq  m  ; 
pop.  160,000  .  Capital  Funchal,  2.  A  wine  there  made,  8. 
A  riv.r  of  Brazil,  ^..".iin  in.  (with  tributaries)  to  the  Ama- 
zon     Ma-del 'ran,  a. 

ina"ile-iiiiii-^elle',  1  ma'ds-mwa-sel'  or  mad"i-mo-zel'; 

2  ma".l.-i:iwa-:.'r    or     mad".-iiio-;.'r,     n.       Miss:     the 

French  appellation  for  unmarried  women.    [!•'.] 

Ma-de'rn,  1  mn-de'ro.  3  ma-de/ro,  Franrl-.cn  I.    (IS73-1913.) 

president  (1011   1013);  overthrown;  shot. 

M.id'i--on,  l  mad't-ssn;  2  mad'1-eon,  n.     1.  James  (1751- 
■  of  the  United  Btau       Bee  pbksident.   2. 

A  manufacturing  city,  capital  of  Wisconsin;  has  university; 
pop.  -' 
Ma-don  'na,  1  ma-don'a;  2  ma-d6n'a.  n.    1.  My  lady ;  slgnora: 
an  old  Italian  equivalent  of  madam.     2.  [M-J  The  Virgin 


An  Old  World  peren- 


Madtler. 


1:8  =  final;    i  =  hablt£   aisle:    au  =  out;    eil;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sinff;    thin,   this.    MarDowell 
479  2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this,  magnificent 


Mary;  a  painting  or  statue  of  the  Virgin,  usually  with  the 
infant  Jesus.    [It.,  =  madam.] 

Madr.,  abbr.    Madras. 

Ma-dras',  1  ma-dras';  2  ma-dras',  n.  A  province  and  presi- 
dency (141,726  sq.  m.;  pop.  41,405,000)  of  India,  or  its 
capital,  a  seaport  city  (pop.  519,000). 

mad 're-pore,  1  mad'n-por;  2  mad're-por,  n.  A  branched 
reef=coral.  [<  It.  madrepora,  coral,  <  I_.  mater,  mother,  + 
Gr.  poros,  soft  stone.)    mad"re-po'rat. 

Ma-drid',  1  ma-drid';  2  ma-drid'.  n.  A  cathedral  city  (pop. 
599,800),  capital  of  Spain  and  of  Madrid  province  (3,084 
sq.  m.;  pop.  920,493). 

mad'ri-er,  1  mad'n-ar;  2  mad'ri-er,  n.  Mil.  A  heavy  beam  or 
plank;  specifically,  a  thick  iron=plated  plank  covering  the 
mouth  of  a  petard.    [F.,  <  L.  materia,  stuff.] 

mad'ri-gal,  1  mad'ri-gal;  2  mad'ri-gal,  n.  1.  A  shep- 
herd's song;  pastoral  song;  love=ditty.  2.  A  vocal  com- 
position more  elaborate  than  the  glee,  set  to  a  pastoral 
lyric.    [F.] 

Mae-ce'nas,  1  mi-sl'nas;  2  me-ce'nas,  C.  Clinlus  (73?-8  B.  C). 
A  Roman  statesman;  patron  of  letters;  friend  of  Horace. 

Mael'strom,  1  mel'stram;  2  mal'strom,  n.  1.  A  famous 
whirlpool  or  current  off  the  N.  W.  coast  of  Norway.  2. 
[m-]  Figuratively,  any  resistless  movement  or  influence.  [< 
Norw.  maelslraum,  <  mala,  grind,  +  straum,  stream.] 

mse'nad,  1  mi'nad;  2  me'nad,  n.  A  bacchante.  [<  Gr.L 
maina(.d-)s,  <  mainomai,  rave.] 

ma-es'tro,  1  ma-es'tro;  2  ma-es'tro,  n.  A  master  in  any  art, 
especially  in  music.    [It.,  =  master.] 

Mae'ter-linck,  1  ma'tar-link;  2  ma'ter-link,  Maurice 
(1862-         ).     A  Belgian  dramatic  poet;  The' Blue  Bird. 

Ma'fe-klng,  1  mfi'fa-kin;  2  ma'fe-king,  n.  A  town  in  N. 
Cape  of  Good  Hope  province.  South  Africa;  siege  by  Boers, 
1899-1900;  pop.  25,000.        [society.    [Sicilian.]    Maf'fi-aJ. 

Ma'fi-a,  1  ma'fi-a;  2  ma'fi-a,  n.    A  Sicilian  anarchistic  secret 

Mag.,  abbr.    Magazine. — mag.,  abbr.    Magnitude. 

mag"a-zine',  1  mag"a-zin';  2  mag"a-zin',  n.  1.  A  house, 
storeroom,  or  receptacle  in  which  anything  is  stored. 
2.  The  chamber  of  a  repeating  rifle.  3.  A  periodical, 
containing  stories,  sketches,  etc.,  and  often  illustrated. 
[  <  Ar.OF  akhmazin,  pi.  of  makhzan,  storehouse.) 

Mag'da-len,  1  mag'da-len;  2  mag'da-len,  n.  1.  See  Mary.  2: 
by  confusion  with  the  unnamed  penitent  of  Luke  vii,  36-50, 
represented  as  a  fallen  woman  raised  to  saintship.  2.  [m-  or 
M-)  A  reformed  prostitute.  [  <  Magdala,  a  town  in  Galilee.] 
Mag'da-lenet. 

Mag"da-le'na,  1  mag"da-le'na ;  2  mag'da-le'na,  n.  A  river  in 
Colombia;  length,  1,060  m.  to  the  Caribbean  sea. 

Mag'de-burg,  1  mag'da-burH  or  (Eng.)  mag'di-bOrg;  2  mag'- 
de-burH  or  (Eng.)  mag'de-burg,  n.  A  fortified  commercial 
city  in  S.  E.  Prussia;  pop.  280,000. 

mage,  1  mej;  2  mag,  n.  A  magician.  [F.,  <  L.  magus,  <  Gr. 
magos,  magician,  ult.  prob.  <  Zend  maz,  great.] 

Ma-gel'lan,  1  ma-jcl'an;  2  ma-ggl'an,  Fernando  (1470?- 
1521).  A  Portuguese  navigator;  discovered,  in  1520,  the 
Strait  of  Magellan  (370m.  long,  2'  to  70  m.  wide),  between 
South  America  and  Ticrra  del  Fuego. — Mag"el-lan'lc,  a. 

ma-gen'ta1,  1  ma-jen'ta;  2  ma-gen'ta,  n.  1.  A  coal-tar  dye- 
stuff  derived  from  anilin.  2.  A  rich  reddlsh»purplc  color. 
[F.,  <  Magenta,  in  Italy.) 

Ma-gen'ta2,  n.  A  town  in  N.  Italy;  here  the  French  and 
Sardinians  defeated  the  Austrians,  June  4,  1859;  pop.  8,000. 

ma-gestc't,  n.    Majesty. 

Mag-gio're,  1  mad-jo're;  2  miid-go're,  n.  A  lake  in  N.  Italy 
and  Switzerland;  40  by  2  miles. 

mag'got,  1  mag'at;  2  mag'ot,  n.  1.  The  larva  of  a  fly; 
a  grub.  2.  A  whim;  fancy.  [<  W.  maceiad,  <  maf/u, 
breed.]  —  mag'got*pIc"t,  n.  A  magpie.  mag'ot  =ple"t.— 
mag'got-y,  a.  Infested  with  maggots;  flyblown;  whimsi- 
cal. 

Ma'gi,  1  me'jai;  2  ma'gl,  n.  pi.  [Ma'ous,  sing.]  The 
priestly  caste  of  the  Medes  and  Persians;  specif.,  the 
"wise  men"  of  Matt,  ii,  1.  [L.,  pi.  of  MaguB,  <  Or. 
Magos.] — Ma'gl-an.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  the  Magi.  II.  n. 
One  of  the  Magi. — Ma'gl-an-lsm,  n.  The  creed  and  cult 
of  the  Magi. 

niag'ic,  1  maj'ik;  2  mae'ic.  I.  a.  1.  Of  the  nadir,  of 
magic;  possessing  supernatural  powers;  Boreerous.  2. 
Magical.  3.  Acting  like  magic.  II.  n.  1.  Any  pre- 
tended or  supposed  supernatural  art;  necromancy.  2. 
Sleight  of  hand.  3.  Any  agency  that  works  with  won- 
derful effect.    [<  Or.  magikos,  magical,  "f  Hi"  Magi  | 

Syn.:  (adjective)  see  magical:  (noun)  sec  SORCERY,      magic 
lantern,  See  LANTERN.  --ma-gi't'iail,  ».    An  expert  In  magic 
arts;  a  sorcerer;  wizard. 
mag'i-cal,  1  maj'i-kal;  2  mag'l-cal,  a.     Pertaining  to  or  pro- 
duced by  or  as  by  magic. 

Syn.:  magic.  The  adjective  magic  Is  applied  mow 
monly  to  the  powers,  influences,  or  practises,  while  magical 
is  more  frequently  used  of  t  be  effect  I  of  marie;  W«  speak  of 
magic  arts,  a  magic  wand,  but  of  magical  effect,  a  magical 
result;  the  magic  art  of  Circe  produced  magical  transforma- 
tions of  her  victims,     In  many  cases  the  choice  between  u,c 


two  words  is  determined  by  euphony,  or,  in  poetrv,  by  meter 
— mag'1-cal-ly,  adv. 

mag"is-te'ri-al,   1   maj"is-ti'n-al;  2   mag"is-te'ri-al.   <i. 
Pertaining  to  a  magistrate  or  magistracy ;  authoritative; 
judicial;  dictatorial.    [  <  L.  magister,  master.] 
Syn.:  see  dogmatic,     -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

mag'is-trate,  1  maj'is-tret;  2  mag'is-trat,  n.  1.  One 
clothed  with  public  civil  authority;  a  judicial  officer  'I. 
Usually,  a  minor  local  justice.  [  <  L*  magister,  master  ] 
— mag'ls-tra-ey,  n.  [-ciesz,  pl.\  The  office  Of  a  magis- 
trate; magistrates  collectively. 

mag'ina,  1  mag'ma;  2  mag'ma.  n.    1.  Any  soft  doughy  mass. 

2.  Geol.  (1)  The  molten  mass  from  which  Igneous  rocks 
are  formed.  (2)  The  glassy  base  of  an  igneous  rock  3.  The 
residuum  obtained  after  expressing  the  juice  from  fruit 

Gr.  magma,  <  masso,  knead.] 

Mag'na  Car'ta,  1  mag'na  kar'ta;  2  mag'na  cftr'ta.  I. 
The  Great  Charter  of  English  liberties,  delivered  June 
19,  1215,  by  King  John,  at  Runnymede,  on  the  demand 
of  the  English  barons.  2.  Any  fundamental  constitu- 
tion that  secures  personal  liberty  and  civil  rights.  II.  1 
Mag'na  Char'tat. 

Mag'na  Grae'cia,  1  mag'na  grt'slia;  2  mag'na  grf'sha.  The 
part  of  S.  Italy  colonized  by  Greeks  in  the  8th  and  following 
centuries  B.  C.     [I..] 

mag-nan  'i-mous,  1  mag-nan'i-mus;  2  mag-nan'i-mfis.  a. 
Elevated  in  soul;  scorning  what  is  mean  or  base;  unself- 
ish.   [  <  L.  magnus,  great,  +  animus,  soul.] 
Syn.:   see  generous,    -ly,  adv. — mag"na-nlm'l-ty,  n. 

mag'nate,  1  mag'net;  2  m&g'nat,  n.  I.  A  person  of  rank 
or  importance;  a  noble.  2.  A  member  of  the  upper 
house  of  the  Hungarian  Reichstag.  [<  L.LL  magnus, 
great.] 

mag-ne'si-a,  1  mag-nl'shi-e;  2  mag-ne'shi-a,  a.    Chem, 

A  light,  white,  earthy  powder,  used  in  medicine  as  an 
antacid  or  laxative.  [<  Gr.  Magnesia  (district  in 
Thcssaly).]— mag-ne'slan, «  —  mag-ncMiim,  n.  A  light. 
silver«white  metallic  element,  used  chiefly  to  produce  a 
brilliant  light  by  its  combustion,  as  in  photograph] 
element. 
mag'net,  1  mag'net;  2  mag'net,  n.  I.  A  body  with  a 
peculiar  form  of  polarity,  capable  of  exerting  and  being 
acted  on  by  magnetic  force,  and  attracting  to  itself 
magnetizable  substances,  as  iron  and  steel,  'i.  Figur- 
atively, a  person  or  thing  exercising  a  strong  am 
[<  Gr.  magnis,  <  Magnesia,  Magnesia  (district  m  Thea- 
saly).]— mag-net'lc,  a.  I.  Pertaining  to  a  magnet  or 
magnetism.  Specifically:  (i)  Having  the  properties  ol  a 
magnet.  (2)  Magnetizable  by  Induction,  (3)  Pertaining  to 
terrestrial  magnetism.    2.  Possessing  personal  magnetism 

3.  Pertaining  to  mesmerism,  mag- net  'l-cal ;.  magnetic 
needle  (Elec.),  a  movably  mounted  magnetised  needle* 
shaped  piece  of  steel,  t  he  two  points  of  w  blch  tend  to  point 
to  the  north  and  south  (magnetic)  poles  of  the  earth 
magnetic  pole,  either  Of  those  points  on  the  earth's  sur- 
face where  the  lines  of  magnetic  force  are  vertical.  These 
do  not  coincide  with  the  geographical  poles  and  are  slowly 
changing  In  position. — mag-net'lc,  n,  A  substance  thai 
has  or  may  be  given  a  magnetic  Held,  as  iron,  steel 

and  cobalt.  —  mag-net  'l-cal-l> ,  ad\         in.ig-mt  n -. 
The  science  of  magnetism,      mag 'net-Ism,  n      i.  That 

quality  or  agency  to  which  magnetic  force  I    dUi      '-'.  I'/il/s- 

ics.    The  science  thai  treats  ol  the  laws  and  oondltit 
magnetic  force.    :t.  The  sympathetic  personal  quality  thai 
attracts  or  Interests     A.  Mesmerism,    animal  magnet* 

Ism*,     mag'net-lze    or  -Ise,    u.  A     rf.      |  IZED;     II  im.  I 

To  develop  or  acquire  ma 

pathetic     personal     Influence  iuag'nc(-l/".i-  01     - 

hKe'i,  a,      mag"ncl-l-/.a'lloii  01  -sa"llon,  n. 

inag'iiei-ite,  i   mag'net  alt    2  mafnei  II .  n 

massive,  granular,  black  Hon  ou.i.  lodOBtone;  SD  III 
ore  of  Iron      |  ■     si  10N1  I    I 

mag'net-o»,  1  mag'net  o-  "r  mag-nt'to  ;  2  n 

rnag-nS'to       Derived  from  uaqni  i  .  a  combining  form 
mag"net-o  e-Iec'trlc,  magwnet-o  e-lec'trl-4  al, 

pertaining  to.  or  produced  b\  magnoto»clcctrlcltj      mag- 

neto<electrlc  machine,  a    machine   In  which   tt" 

tion  of  n  coii  of  wire  between  the  polt    of  a 

net  Induces  a  current  of  electricity  In  the  coll   wldi 

as  a  means  of  igniting  the  explosive  mlxturea  uHcd  in  u> 

ternal'combustlon  engines,  as  in  aut blli       mag-ne'- 

to|;  mag-ne'lo.mu-cliliic':  :  mag-in'  '*••  "l>  'n.i-mo: . 
Iliag"nel-«i  e-le<  -lrlc'1-t),   /         I  hi 

the  Induotlve  action  ol  n  magm  I      mag-nel  'i>-graph1 
a  reoo  tometei  orapii       mag^et-om 

«'-ter,  n     in  li   trument  for  mi 

[I       "Ml 

Msg-ntf'I-cat.  l  mag  nif'i  kal  '  b« 

hymn  of  the  \  Lrgin  Mai  y  (J            ■  '  '""" 

ii    opening  Latin  word;  also,  1 it   to  which  it  la 

sung     Ml 
MiaK-Illf'l-<'«'lll,    1    mar  oil  i 


in  is  nun  n     •   11  u 

Malaga 


I  i  i.     ot  ,   full,  rOlr;   l>"t.  l>0rn; 

,  ,  ,.  ii        ii  .,,,,..  u«iu,    4so 


-11  .  I  1 

1,1-11    l-l 

-Ii    .  r. 

I.lll.l 

ill    I.         iii  m- 
I 

. 
I 

111!    of 

-l>  .  Ill.lt- 

Mll    .-| 

lii.ii;    nl-l  H'li  .  I . 

-• 
'..   I  he  propcrtj 
ol  ii  I  •  ■ 

brightest  arc  num- 
thc  naked  i 

i  <   L. 

"...-.:.       gfl 

dm*  Ant.:  dlnilnu- 

M  * .:  - 1 1  ■  •  Ii-.i.  tot.    1.  A 

ihrubs  of  the  mag- 

..r  deciduous 

?.  [m-]  A  plant  of 

mist  ] 

Hi'iut  M 

mac   en  .  row-like  bird  with 

blar-  ■  tapering   tail: 

eanable  •  ■:"    \-  .:.-  t  mgi.t  t.i 


-;-   .'.      in  :    :.    t  ■■■■■■■      b  r   its 

-..     I  latral  ] 
ing  a 
ma.- 

margarot, 
pea"  mag'- 

..I   |,i 

M  >    .    - 

M     .       IT, 

I. 


M 


M     -        ir. 

-ta,   1    i  •  a'ha-ba'ra-ta, 


aa>ik--  ''.    [Sans.] 

M    -     vi,  »-han':2  ma-hat,'.  Alfred  Thajcr  (1840-1014). 

•  (lean  rear  admiral  and  hi-' 
m»"ha-r»'Ja.  L-ra'Ja,    B, 

iiia"ha-ra'Jali:. 

Hal  ■  dan  measiah, 

•    Mohammed  Ahmed    1843 
Mill  ilii-: . 
ni.ilil   Itlrk",  ,i'-Uk'.   Dial'-,   n.     A 

n  ii  iii  - 1 1 1  k'  .  end,  used  by  painters 

:  while  using  the  brush.    [< 
stick. | 
ii i.i- 1 1    - 
pi  1    1 .  ■■■<■.  with  hard,  red- 

ding a  similar 
!.  t .   A  ilrink  of  Kin  ami 

M  i- li< m i   .|-in.    M  i-l.iiin  '.  I.    Ma-hom   i  t-aii.   • 


•mil ' 


[ohammedan. 
2  ma-hound'  ted,  or 

i 

'1  ui.] 
lah-rat  i  i.  n.    1.  A  member  of  an 

ethnic  dlvtei  rn  and  central 

Mah-i  rn.  Hind.  Mar- 

I .  a;  vir- 

maid  WITSnl    . 

M  ild  Marl  in,       Maid"  m  u  - 

i- 1  n      I  other  ancient 

■pons,  at  Or  iffoon; 

.'. 
in.   «if  honor.      I.    A 

-    [irllirrflH.      2. 

:  iiit  of  a  bride  at  a  wedding 
distinguished  from  brVtctnujid 


Maidenhair. 

In,-  ll, r   ■ 


in  u, i  iii.  i  ii     I.  i     i.  Poi  tainii 

di  -i     '*.  \  Irgin;  unmarried     •'!.  lm- 
untriod       II.    ■.       I.    \ ii   inn 

■  ■  I .   virgin      I  .    \ 

t.       infilling  untried  or  unuai  ,1      4. 

nine,  used  in  Scotland  in 

ii,  and  17th 

maid 'en- 
bali  .  v  dollcato  and  graooful 
fern  witti  an  areol  black  stem,  com- 
mon  in  damp,  rock)  « It     maid'- 

i-n-iii  adi  maid  - 

ell-ll I.      .  I   '  B    Of    I 

in  ■  i  .i  i-  ii .     in. iiii  hood       maid  'cn- 
i\.  Befitting  a    maiden;    gentle; 

mod 

mil   «rr.    ]  -1.  \.,i 

•  ins  "f  flcah  or  its  luloea 

b    Roman  <  atholloe  In  ao- 

stlnen,  ,         •.'.  i  'I,  ;,,  i  talnliii:  lo.  „r  being  , 
IF  I 
in  ii  h,  in  • .        Bame  aa  maim  and  iiatrbm  [penny. 

m. ilk  .  l  mi  k. :.' inAk.  n,  [Slang,  North  i  nu  ASeot.]    \  inir- 
m. iik  .  it. |  A  mail-     [■    as  gtmaea.]    maket. 

in. ui  .  |  2  mal,  -i    |i    -  |  To  tend  by  mail,  aa 

place  in  a  mail-box;  p"-i      maiTa-lil  <•',  a     Thai  may 

in. ill  .    i      I ,,  put  a  ooal  i>f  mail  on. 

mail  .  .  1.  The  governmental  system  fur  handling  let- 
ters, eta  ;  also,  the  oonveyanoe  thai  carries  such  matter 
or  the  bag  (maiUbag)  in  which  it  is  placed  tor  convey- 
ance, '!.  Matter  conveyed  by  pool  S,  \  bag  ,,r  trunk 
for  carrying  clothing,  etc,    [  <  I.I.  K  mala,  bag  | 

mail-,  n.    1.  Armor  oonaiating  ol  chains,  rin 
by  extension,  any  kind  of  armor,    'i.  Any  str,,m:  cover- 
ing or  defense,  as  the  shell  of  a  turtle.    |  <  L."  macula, 
I,,  i      chain  mail,  mail  properly  so  called.     Bee 

m  mi.:.    1.     shirt  <if  mall:. 

mall  ',  n.  Bent;  especially,  dues  unlawfully  extorted;  black- 
mail.   1  <  <  H-.  mailli .  a  ruin.        mi  dm.  | 

i  i  iii  I  iii .  l  mi  Id;  2  maid,  a.  /.o,,i.  Having  a  defensive 
armor,  aa  Bcalea. 

maiiii,  l  mem;  2  mam.  I.  r(.  To  deprive  (a  person  nr 
animal)  of  any  part  of  tin-  body;  mutilate;  disable.  II. 
it      A  crippling;  mutilation;  maiming      [  <  ( )!•'.  mchaig- 

m  r,  maim.] 

Mai-miiii'l-des,  1   mril-moii'i-dlz:  2  ml-moti'l-iles;.  n.     (ll.'t.1)- 

1204.)    a  Spanish  Jewish  rabbi,  theologian,  and  philosopher. 
main.  1  men;  2  man,  a,    1.  I  i r- 1  or  chief  in  sue,  impor- 
tance, extent,  etc.     ''.  Principal;  concentrated;  undi- 
vided.   !Jt.  Mighty:  powerful;  vast.    |  <  L.°*  magnut, 

k-n-at.l      maln'*deck",  n.     The  KUh-dcck  of  a  war-slop,  or 

the  upper  deck  ol  a  merchantman,     mainland,  n.     A 

prm  i- 1  pa  I  boily  of  I  a  in  I;  a  Continent,  as  distinguished  from  an 

Island,     maln'ly.  a  d      For  the  moat  part,     nialn'masi", 
n.    The  principal  mast  of  a  yessei;  ordinarily,  the  second 
from  the  bow.     m.tpost,  n.    The  stern-post  of  a  ves- 
niaiii 'ro> "al,  n.  Naut.    a  sail  carried  on  the  main- 
royalmaat.     iiialn'ro>"al-inast,  n.    Tne  upper   part    ol 
tnamtopgaJJantmaal      iualn'sall",  «.    A  sail  bent  to 
In  pard  or  one  carried' on  the  mainmast. — m. •sheet, 
i  he  shed  thai  Becures  the  mainsail  when  set.    maln'- 
sprlng",  n.    I.  a  principal  sprim;  of  a  mechanism,  as  ol  a 
watch.    'I.  The  moel  efflclem  cause  or  motive.— maln'- 
sta>",  n.    1.  ffaut.  a  rope  from  the  mainmast- head  tor- 
ward  to  support  the  niasi     'i.  a  chief  support  or  depen- 
dence,    main 'top*,  n.  Naut.  A  platform  al  Che  head  of  the 
iiiaiiini.i  i  and  the  rigging  attached  to  It.     maln"top-gal'- 
laui-masi",  n.  Navt.  The  mast  next  above  the  malntop- 
tnasl      malii'top"mast,  n.  tfavt.     The  mas)   Just  above 
the  mainmast.     maln'lop"sall,  n.    A  square  sail  bent  to  a 
yard  on  the  maintopmaat.     m.«yard,  n.    The  lower  yard 
on  the  mainmast. 
main1,  a.     1.  The  oi  oaiderable  i-xpanse, 

land     '!.  \  cbii  I  conduit*pipe  or  conductor,  as  for 
8.  Violent  engtb   chiefly  in  the  phrase 

mlgbl  and  main.     [<  AS.  nueoen,  power,    <  mseg, 

1  am  able  1 

main  .  u.  1.  a  match  of  several  battles  al  cock-n^htlng.  2. 
a  hand  or  throw  of  dice.    [F.,       i    mawu  .  band.] 

Maine.   1    men:  2  man.  n.     1.  A   State  Ol  the   .V   E.  United 
.  040  sq.  m.;  pop.  774,914);  capital,  Augusta.    2. 
a  i  ;  battle-ship,  blown  up  in  Habana  harbor, 

I  iii    16  1898     :t.  An  an,  lent  province  In  W.  Prance, 
main 'or,  l  meh'er;  2  man'or.  n.  Lav    i.  i  ormerly,  a  thing 
i  found  on  the  thief.    Z.  The  ad  of  theft.     [<  F. 
mi:  |     main 'our:;  man  'nert. 
main 'per-nort,  n    l.nn  .   A  surety,     maln'prr-nourt. 
main'priset.     I.  <i      To  set  (a  prisoner)  free  on  recognl- 

.  Willi  -uretles  for  his  appearance  as  required.     II.  n. 

l         i   receiving  Into  friendly  custody  by  his  surety 
of  one  wlio  would  otherwise  be  Imprisoned.     2.  A  writ  com- 


1: a  =  final;    I  =  hablt£   aisle;    au  =  o!<t;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    X}  =  aing;    fhin,   this,    majinifieo 
481     2:wQlf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  Malaga 


mandlng  the  sheriff  to  take  bail.    [OF.,  <  L.  manus,  hand, 
+  prehendo,  take.]    main'prizef. 

mains,  1  menz;  2  mans,  re.  [North.  Eng.  &  Scot.)  The  princi- 
pal or  home  farm.    [  =  manse.) 

main-tain',  1  men-ten';  2  man- tan',  ».  1. 1.  1.  To  hold 
or  keep  in  any  particular  state.  2.  To  supply  with 
means  of  support.  3.  To  uphold  by  reason  or  argument; 
vindicate;  make  good.  4.  To  hold  possession  of.  II.  i. 
To  assert;  affirm.  [  <  L.F  manus,  hand,  +  teneo,  hold.] 
Syn.:  see  affirm;  allege;  assert;  justify;  keep;  pre- 
serve; retain;  support.  —  main-lain 'a-hld,  a.— 
maln-taln'er,  re.— main'te-nance,  re.  1.  The  act  of 
maintaining.    2.  Means  of  support. 

Main"te-non',  1  man"t8-neh';  2  man'te-non',  Marquise  de 
(1635-1719).  Francolse  d'Aublgne;  secretly  married  to 
Louis  XIV.  of  France. 

Mainz,  1  malnts;  2  mints,  re.  A  fortified  city  of  S.  W.  Ger- 
many (pop.  111,000).    Ma"yence't. 

inalr,  1  mar;  2  mar,  a.  &  re.  [Scot.]  More.  [-ly,  adr. 

niaist,  1  mest;  2  mast,  a.,  re.,  &  adv.  [Scot.]  Most;  almost. 

mais'ter,  1  mes'tar;  2  mas'ter,  re.  [Scot,  or  Obs.]  Master. 

mais'triet,  re.    Mastery;  skill,    mais'triset;  mats 'try  t. 

mai'tre,  1  ma'tr;  2  ma'tr,  re.    A  master.    [F.] 

niaiz(ep,  1  mez;  2  maz,  re.  A  tall  and  stout  cultivated 
grass,  for  food  and  forage;  also,  its  grain;  Indian  corn: 
called  in  U.  S.  simply  corn.  [  <  Sp.  maiz,  <  W.  Ind. 
mahiz.] 

MaJ.,  abbr.    Major. 

maj'es-ty,  1  maj'es-ti;  2  maj'es-ty,  re.  [-ties2,  pi.]  1. 
Exalted  dignity;  stateliness;  grandeur.  2.  [M-]  A  title 
given  to  reigning  monarchs.  [<  L.  majesta(l-)s,  < 
majus,  neut.  compar.  of  magnvs,  great.]  —  ma-jes'tie,  a. 
Having  or  exhibiting  majesty;  stately;  royal;  august,  ma- 
jes'tl-calt  [Rare].  Syn.:  see  awful;  grand;  imperial; 
kingly;  sublime.— ma-jes'tl-cal-Iy,  adv. — ma-jes'tl-cal- 
ness,  re. 

ma-jol'i-ca, )  1  ma-jel'i-ka  or  ma-yo'li-ka;  2  ma-jol'i-ea 

ma-io'li-ca, J  or  ma-yo'li-ea,  n.  Earthenware  coated 
with  an  opaque  white  enamel  and  decorated  in  colors. 
[<  Maiolica,  for  Majorca.) 

ina'jor,  1  me'jar;  2  ma'jor.  I.  a.  1.  Greater  in  number, 
quantity,  or  extent.  2.  Greater  in  dignity  or  impor- 
tance; principal.  3.  Mus.  Standard  or  normal;  con- 
taining a  major  third  (see  third),  sixth,  and  seventh. 
II.  re.  1.  Mil.  An  officer  next  in  rank  above  a  captain. 
2.  Law.  One  who  is  of  age.  3.  Mus.  The  major  key. 
[F.,  <  L.  major,  compar.  of  magnus,  great.] — ma"jor-d<>'- 
nio,  re.  A  steward,  as  of  a  royal  household. — ma'Jor=geii'- 
er-al,  re.  Mil.  An  officer  ranking  below  a  lieutenant-general 
and  above  a  brlgadier=general. — major  key  (Mus.), a  key  or 
mode  characterized  by  the  use  of  the  major  third  (see  third), 
producing  a  cheerful  or  inspiring  effect. — major  tone 
(Mus.),  a  whole  tone  or  step. 

Ma-jor'ca,  1  ma-jer'ks;  2  ma-jor'ca,  re.  One  of  the  Balearic 
Isles;  1,352  sq.  m.;  pop.  252,000.— Ma-Jor'can,  a.  &  re. 

ma-jor'i-tyvl  ma-jer'i-tt;  2  ma-jor'i-ty,  re.  [-ties2,  pi.] 
1.  More  than  half  of  a  given  number  or  group;  the 
greater  part.  2.  The  amount  or  number  by  which  one 
group  of  things  exceeds  another  group;  excess.  3.  The 
age  at  which  the  laws  of  a  country  permit  a  person  to 
manage  his  own  affairs.  4.  Rank  or  commission  of  a 
major.    [  <  L.LL  major,  greater.] 

Ma-Ju'ba  Hill,  1  ma-jQ'ba;  2  ma-ju'ba.  A  hill  In  N.  Natal, 
where  the  Boers  defeated  the  British,  Feb.  27,  1881. 

make,  1  mek;  2  miik,  v.  [made;  mak'inc;.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
cause  to  exist;  bring  into  being;  produce.  (1)  To  Form 
out  of  nothing;  create.  (2)  To  form  out  of  given  mate- 
rials; manufacture.  (3)  To  form  with  special  design  or 
adaptation.  (4)  To  form  and  put  forth;  composi  ;  de 
liver;  utter.  2.  To  cause  to  be  or  become;  produce  by 
agency,  influence,  or  instrumentality ;  bring  about  ;  '''in- 
stitute; effect;  accomplish,  3.  To  force;  induce,  4.  To 
make  evident;  cause  to  l»-  or  appear.  !i.  To  obtain  or 
attain  as  a  result  of  effort;  procure;  gain.  (>.  To  pa 
over;  traverse.  7.  Naut.  Tocomein  view  of;  arrive  at. 
8.  To  decide  to  be;  reckon.  9.  To  con-hint.  •  .■>  an  essen- 
tial or  suitable  element  or  part.  10.  To  put  iniode  ired 
or  desirable  form  or  condition;  as,  to  malt  <  a  bed  or  one's 
toilet.  11.  To  bring  to  completion  l'l.  To  reai 
conclusion;   conclude;   think.      13!|.   To   bring   to   bear 

upon;  render  effective  or  profitable,     II   •  To  i" 

to  do;  be  about;  do.  15|.  To  fasten;  bar;  close,  as  a 
door.  II.  i.  1.  To  proceed  in  some  direction;  tend  '-'• 
To  have  effect;  contribute.  3.  To  aoi  or  appear  in  a  cer- 
tain way;  show  oneself.  4.  To  Mow  or  rise,  a 
5||.  To  interfere-;  as,  to  meddle  and  innhi  <>.  To  Come 
into  existence;  form,  as  ice;  appear.  [<  AS.  macian, 
make.] 

Syn.:  become,  bring  about,  bring  Into  being,  bring  to  pass, 
cause,  compel,  compose,  constitute,  constrain,  construct, 


create,  do,  effect,  establish,  execute,  fabricate,  fashion,  force, 
frame,  get,  make  out,  make  up.  manufacture,  occasion  per- 
form, reach,  require,  shape.     Mate  is  essentially  causative; 

to  the  idea  of  cause  all  its  various  senses  may  be  traced 
(compare  synonyms  for  cause.  >i.).    Tomato  is  to  , 
exist,  or  to  canst  to  exist  In  a  certain  form  or  In  certain  rela- 
tions: the  word  thus  includes  the  idea  of  cri  -.-, ,  ^  m  . 
31,  "And  God  saw  every  tiling  thai   lie  had  made,  and,  be- 

hold,  it  was  very  good."  Matt  Includes  also  the  Idea  of 
compose,  constitute:  as.  the  parts  make  up  the  whole,  similar- 
ly, to  cause  a  voluntary  agent  to  do  B  certain  act  is  to  make 
him  do  it,  or  compel  him  to  do  It,  compil  fixing  the  attention 
more  on  the  process,  make  on  the  accomplished  fact 
compel;  gj  r;  produce;  reach;  render;  (make  a  beginning) 
initiate;  (make  a  butt  of,  make  game  of)  mo.  k.  (make 
acquainted)  introdi  lend)  end;  (make  arrange- 

ments, make  provision,  make  ready)  prepare;  (make  be- 
lieve, make  a  show)  PR]  ikni>;  (make  better)  AMEND;  (make 
clear,  make  out  i  interpret;  (make  effective)  effei  r;  (make 
known,  make  public)  \\\oi  mi,,  inform;  pi  hi.ish;  (make 
prisoner)    ARREST;    (make  sure  of)    ENOW;    (make  up.    u.|.; 

(make  void)  annul;  cancel;  (make  white)  bleach;  .make 
worse)  aggravate. — Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  abolish; 
break:  demolish.  — Prep.:  make  of,  out  of,  or  from  certain 
materials,  Into  a  certain  form,  for  a  certain  purpose  or  per- 
son; made  with  hands,  by  hand;  made  b]/  a  prison. 
a  jack=knife. 

— to  make  believe,  to  pretend;  sham.  Syn.:  see  pre- 
tend.— make'bate",  n.  1.  />•../.  a  plant.  Jaoob's»ladder; 
also,  a  species  of  jasmine.  2t.  One  who  excites  quarrels  or 
contentions.  make'=strlfc"t.-  makeM)e-llc\e".  I.  a. 
Pretended;  unreal.  II.  re.  A  mere  pretense;  sham. — m.< 
belleft.— make'game"5,  n.  A  butt  of  ridicule;  laughing* 
stock. — mak'er,  n.  One  who  makes.  In  anj  aense  Specif- 
ically: (1)  [M-]  The  Creator.  (2)  A  manufacturer.  (3) 
The  one  who  algns  a  promissory  note.  (-It  >  A  DOS! 
make 'Shift".     I.  a.     Having  the  character  of  a  temporary 

resource.  II.  re.  Something  adopted  as  a  temporary  con- 
trivance in  any  emergency.  m.«up,  n.  1.  The  arrange- 
ment or  combination  ol  t  he  parts  ,,f  « tiicb  anything  is  com- 
posed. 2.  Print.  The  arrangement  of  composed  type  In 
pages,  columns,  or  forms,  as  In  imposition.  S.  The  manner 
In  which  an  actor  prepares  himself  to  assume  a  roll 
cially  the  disguising  of  the  face,     make 'weight",  I. 

That  which  is  thrown  into  a  scale  to  increase  weight;  hence, 
an  unimportant  person  or  thing  used  to  mi  up  a  deflcleno) . 

2.  Something  used   in  adulteration. 

make1, 1  mek;  2  mfik,  re.  1.  The  manner  in  which  parti  or 

qualities  tire  grouped  to  constitute  .a  whole;  structure; 
shape.     2.  The  operation  or  product  of  manufacture. 

3.  The  amount  produced;  yield. 

make2,  re.     [Prov.  Eng.]    same  as  muk'  and  shir'. 

dial,  1  null;  2  mal,  u.     Evil;  ailment :  malad]  :  Obsolete  except 
In  French  names  of  diseases,  as  mal  de  ti  '   II  I 

mal-,  1  mal-;  ;i  mal-,  prefix.    Had;  ill;  evil;  wrong;  d(  i. 
Imperfect:  signifying  also  simple  negation,  and  forming  words 
directly  from  Latin  and  mediately  through  French;  oi 
to  ben-,  bene-,  <  «-,  <."-.     [<   F.  mal-,   <    I.,  mult-,    v   mollis, 
bad.] 

Many  words  containing  the  prellx  mat-  are  self-e\plaln- 

Ing,  the  pretix  simply  adding  the  meaning  'defective'  or 

V\  11' ;  as: 

mal  ad-ap-ta'tion        mal'con-for-ma'tion    mal-ln'fli 

mal'ad   iii.ini.nt  mal'din-struc'l  Ion  mal'  iiu-trl'tlon 

mal'  a  .  sim'i  la'lion      mal"c\-c-(ai'l  Ion 

Mal.,  atihr.    Malacbl,  Malayan. 

Mal'a-bar,  1   mal', .-bur:  2  mal'a-bar,  u       \   dl  trlcl   In  w. 

Madras.  British   Ind  "'•;  pop.  3,800 

Ma-laC'Ca,  n       Same  as  Mll.d.kl 

Mai'a-rhl,  1   mal's-kol;  L>  mal'a-el,   »       \   minor   H 

prophet,  or  the  Look  containing  ii 
mal'a-cbltoi  l  tnal'a-kait;  ~  n  \ 

lighl  green  native  carbonate  ol  oopper     I-    Or.1  male* 

Chi,   <    inula  In  :,  sofi  ] 

mal"a-col'o-gy,  "    The  branch  of  woloi 

bisks.    [  <  <;r.  malakos,  Boft,  H 
mal"a(l-ilress',  1   mal'a-dri 

ncss  or  rudeness  in  Bpeeoh  •  •(  manni      lack  ■•'  pollv 

1. 1. 1 
mal"ad-mln"Is-tra'tton,  »      Bad 

public  iiial"ad-niln'K-l'  r . 

mal"a-droli ',  l  mal*e  dn 

or  blunder! n  vwkw  inn     -Ii  " 

iiial'a-dy,  I  mal's  dt;  2  '■    x 

disease,  especially  whi  n  i 
■:.   ..i.  ,,.  .i  ...  ■ 
ondition.    I  <  P.  maladit,  disease.] 
Syn.:  see  Dl   i  «1 
Mal'a-ga,  l   m  r  ■ 

I  in ...     1,812  sq.  m.;  pop 
oitj 

,,  ,  ml  madi  '  "  '"  ■" 

Muiuga,  us  tin-  muscatel. 


Malagas)       ;   n  .,         »     Fa  i         .  i  I  I         B     bftrai 

Mandala]         i  i  >  i  i  ..      ■         ■    >       •         i  ,..,...  »6n, 


Is? 


. 


aloess;  IndlapoatUoo 

i  i in  s  1 

m  i  1 1.    r.  -niii  - 

i 
ll.  \ 


■ 
a(u, 

M.  Pi  ulii-iil.i. 
an.  M 

tt   -Liu.    . 
-  •   i   I  mi. 

Mill    l  i>II-li  III.      . 


M*-Ui  k  . 

tu-li 
mil   a-|m  r  I  ■ 

M 

I 
pro  pi- jo  in  u  s-prop-l*m, 

miaI-  i 

■ 
m.il-.ip    r . .- 1  ■ . .  l-iti. 

I. 

»  idc  the 

malarial 
ma-la  rl- 

ni.i-l.i  ri-uii-. 

i  t  or  pertaining  to  the 

- 
Malaj   vrrhipi  I- 

Ma-laj  - 

akka  and 

t4nt.     I.  o. 

II.  n,     A  person 

-  .  one  rebel- 

i.  theses  that 

. 

i. 
ing  :i  mate  or  correlative 
II.  I.  A  l  person  or  animal. 

[OF.,    <   L. 
:  INK. 

Nicolas  '!'■ 

•'■slan  philosopher. 

m,  n. 
[  <  L.  male, 
■  nos;  oath. 
i"r.  .  ■  ■-;  2  mal'e-f&e'tor,  n.    One 

.  ill.  + 

fact  • -far'tlon,  n.    A  criminal  deed;  wrong. — 

mal". 

j.    Causing  or 
doing  evil  or  mischief :  mischievous:  opposed  to  If 
ee  y.  u.m  m  tor.) 
in  i-i-  i  ii-Iiiii  .  |  .■  at,  a.    Hav- 

■  i  others;  ill-disposed.     |  < 
L.  mtaliu.  ba 

iii  i- 1  ma-Ie\ 'o-|cnt-ly,  adt. 

in  il-f.    i   -  iii<  ■  .  'sens;  2  mal-fe'sane,  n.      1.   I'n- 

.1  action.     2.  Wrong-doing  in  g 

mal"for-m:i'tioii,  ■  J  irregularity  in  an 

mat-formed '.  rmed 

mall'.  .  •  mftl  ■ 

taJx.-  I  malic  arid, 

a  ervsialllr..  in  the  Juice  of 


Ml 

A    1 
III  ll     I  -<lo      I  loll,     1 


mil    •  -f  n 


mil   li 
in  il 


I .  'ion  to  injure 

i.l  will.     2.   /. 
r  an  injury.     [F.f  < 
:..:  .*-»•  BaiUTi;  lliii 

Harboring 

pif-ful;  ma!'  \ 

osed.  <  ■  >  hostile.   111-dis- 

>us.  malevolent,  malign,  malignant, 

.-.  vlru- 

by  ran- 

re  or  Intent  to 
is  evil  Influence, 
it  conjunc- 
•  •.'.  ord  Indicating 
the  desire  or  Intent  to  Inflict  petty,  exasperating  annoyance 


III  l-ll  '• 

loll-.     . 

paaed 

r:..~  :. 

TbtmfSSSSlBi 

iS'laiSlawfhe 

"£££?£?< 

Mallard 


mom  ,  nin i  ii.  enmity;  hai 

■  !■  in.  benign, 
i  mil.     kiiiil-lniirird, 

ma-llgii  .  I.  i  \ il  of, 

IUII 

II.  I .  on    tow  n>  1    oil,,  i  •; 

ill-. I. 

■ 
ini-IUn'lt.  in.i-IU  ii.inl.     I.  I.    Having  or 

.  tir.  in,-  malevolence  or  enmity.    3.  Evil  In  im- 
lure  o  i'  barm,    (i 

i  ti  life;  vlruli  nl  Boding  HI      i    i 

ii  it  ol  extreme  onm 

,.M|  In  I  \    Royalist  during  the  (   nun- 

wcliiai  iii.i-iin'iian-i  > .        ma-llg'« 

nun.  ni.i-lli;    n.i  n  I  -li  .  nia-Ugn 'er,      '         "'  >- 

Hit  n  l-i  > .        I.  i  '..  state  or  qualll)  of  being  malign; 
anlmc  I  irui  tlve  te  ideno)  .  i  li  ilenw      I.  In  evil 

thing  imon  r:  ENMITY;  HAI  U  D. 

M  ,  lines',  1  mii'iin'.  8  ma'IIn',  n  A  oonunerolal  olty  In  w 
Beigiu  troyed  bj  the  <  lermam  In 

reprisal  for  alleged  civilian  attacks,  101 1 

ma-lln'ger,  l  m  ■  llrj'ger  or  -lln'Jer;  2  ma-llD'ger  or  -Un'ger, 
i ..  r.-iL-n  sickness.     I      I 
mm  -i    •    I  >l     ':;,..     i  I     .,    ■     .     ■  i.        ina-llirger-er, 

i  ine  who  telgi  o  shirk  duty. 

mal  l-son,  1  mal'i-san;  2  mal'1-eon,  pi.    A  malediction 

in. il  kin  .  i  meTkin;  2  mal'kln,  n.    I.  A  kitchen-maid;  slat- 
:.  \  i  .mi     dim  of  MoU.]     maw  'kin:. 

mall.  1  in.. I.  2  mal.  'i.    Bame  as  maul, 

mall.  1  mal;  2  mal,  n,  1.  A  maul.  2.  A  war-hammer.  3. 
l'all-mall      I  <  » IF.  vuil  (  <  L.  malleus),  hammer.) 

mall  .  1  mal  or  inol;  13  mal  or  mal,  n.  A  level  Hhaded 
walk.     [<  mai. I.1,  as  in  tail-mam.] 

mal'lanl,  1  mal'ard;  li  m&l'ard,  n.  The  common  wild 
dink .  .;. .  its  drake. 

|  <  i  IF,  ma  •-..'.  • 

mal'le-a-bl  c',  1   mal'i- 
rn&l'e-a-bl,  o.    Capable  of  be- 
ing    hamm.  red    or    roll,  d 

without      lin-akiim:      iluitile;  amTbbbbSS^^!>T~ 
pliant.  —  niaT'le-a-hll'l-ty,   n.  ^^■^1B^»a^WBT»*w^ 
malle-a-bl  e-neai 

marie-ale,  1  mal'i-et;  L'  m&l'e-at,  M.    [-AT'CD4;  -at*ino.)    To 
shape  Into  a  plate  or  leal  by  I. eating;  hammer.    [<  L.  mal- 
bammer.]  -nial'ie-a'llon,  n. 

mal'let,  1  mal'et;  2  I.  A  wooden  hammer  or 

light  maul.     '!.  In  specific  u-.  -,  a  light  hammer,  fre- 
quently of  metal.    3.  A  Iong>handled  wooden  hammer 
used  in  the  game  of  croquet.     4.  A  wooden*] 
Malakka  cane  or  stick  used  in  the  game  of  polo.     (( IF., 
dim.  of  mal,  hammer.] 

mal'le-us,  1  mal'l-us;  2  mal'i-us,  n.  [-le-i,  pi.]  One  of  the 
small  bones  of  the  middle  ear.    [i..f  hammer.] 

mal  low,    I  1  mal'o,  -oz;  2  maid,  -6s.,  n.    1.  Any  plant  of 

mal  Ion  it)  the  mmon  in  the 

United  States  is  the  low  .r  dwarf  mallow  i.U.  n 
folia),  a  trailinij;  weed  with  roundish  leaves,  -mall  pale- 
pink  flowers,  and  flat,  disk»like  fruit.    2.  Any  plant  of 
the  mallow  family;     .  thi  Indi&a.  mallow;  maiehmallow. 
soft.] 

Malmes'bnr-y,  i  momi'ber-i;  2  manag'ber-y,  William  of 
1 109S  1 1  137      An  Anglo  torlan. 

malm'sey,  1  mSm'a  b  rweel  wine  made  In 

the  canary  and  Madiera  Islands,  Spain,  and  Greece    ;      I 

inal-o'ilor-ous,  1  mal-O'dsr-us;  2  mAl-Ovdor-UB,  u.    Having  a 
i.  literally  or  figuratively;  obnoxious. 

Mal'o-r>,  1  mal'o-n;  2  m&l'O-ry,  Sir  Thomas  (  -1470?). 
An  l.iu'llsh  knight  and  writer;  Murli  it' Arthur. 

Mal"pla"(|iiet ',  1  ui(il'plu"ke';  2  inal*pla*ke'.  n.  A  village  In 
.\\  1-  ranee,  where  i  lutch,  and  A  ust  riaii.s  under 

Marlborough  and  Eugene  defeated  the  French,  Sept.  11,1709. 

mal-prai'lise,  1  mal-prak'ti.-;  2  mal-pric'tis,  n.  1.  Im- 
proper or  illegal  treatment,  as  in  medicine  or  surgery. 
'I.   Improper  or  immoral  conduct. 

malt,  1  melt;  2  malt,  Id.  Ml.  it  ii.  To  convert  into  or 
become  malt.    II.  a'.    1.  Grain  that  has  been  artificially 

germinated  by  moisture  and  heat.     2.  Malt  liquor.     [  < 

meltan,  melt.]  —  maIt'«horse",  n.    A  horse 
t;  hence,  a  dull,  stupid  person. — 
malt'ster,   n.      A    maker  Of  or  dealer   In   malt—  malt'- 
worm"t,  n.    A  drunkard;  tippler.— malfy,  a.    1.  Of,  per- 
taining to,  or  resembling  malt.    2.  Given  to  the  use  of  malt 
liquor.    3.  [Slang.)   I  ■ 
Mal'ta,  1  mSl'te;  2  mal'ta,  n.    A  fortified  British  Island  in  the 
i    rn  ;  pop   228,000);  capital,  Va- 
letta;  ancient  Mel'l-ta.- -  Mal-tese'.    I.  a.    Of  or  pertain- 
ing to  Malta.  Its  Inhabitants  or  language,  or  to  the  Knights 
Of  Malta  (1630  to  ITHM.    II.  n.    1.  A  native  or  Inhabitant  of 
Malta,  or  the  people  of  Malta  eolleet  Ively.    2.  The  language 
of  Malta.    3.  A  Maltese  cat  or  terrier.— Maltese  cat,  a  cat 


l:a  =  final;    I  =  habltj^    aisle;    au  =  oret;    oil:     10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    n  =  sinff;    fhin,    this.      Malagasy 
483    2:wQlf,  df»;   book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.    Mandalay 


of  a  bluish=gray  color. — Maltese  cross,  an  eight=pointed 
cross  formed  by  four  arrowheads  joining  at  their  points. 

Mal-thu'sian,  1  rnal-thiu'3an  or  -si-an;  2  nial-thu'zhan  or 
si-an,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  Rev.  Thomas  R.  Malthus 
(1766-1834),  an  English  economist,  who  held  that  popula- 
tion tends  to  increase  faster  than  the  means  of  support .  un- 
less checked  by  famine,  pestilence,  war,  etc.,  and  proposed 
social  and  moral  restraints. — Mal-thu'sian,  re. — Mal- 
thu'sian-isiti,  re.  The  doctrines  of  Malthus  and  his  fol- 
lowers. 

mal-treat'd,  1  mal-trit';  2  mal-tret',  vt.  To  use  ill;  treat 
unkindly;  abuse.    Syn.:  see  abuse. — mal-treat'ment,  re. 

Mal-va'cc-ae,  1  mal-vS'si-I;  2  mal-va'ce-e,  re.  pi.  Bot.  A  cos- 
mopolitan order  of  herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees — the  mallow  fam- 
ily— with  alternate  palmately  nerved  leaves  and  regular 
flowers.  [L.,  fem.  pi.  of  malraceus,  like  mallows,  <  malm; 
see  mallow.] — Mal'va,  re.  A  genus  of  hairy  herbs  of  the 
family  Malvaceae  bearing  purple,  red,  or  white  flowers. — 
mal-va'ceous,  a. 

Mai 'vera  Hill,  1  mal'varn;  2  mal'vern.  A  plateau  near  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  where  McClellan  repulsed  Lee,  July  1,  1862. 

mnl"ver-sa'tion,  1  mal"var-se'slian;  2  marver-sa'shon,  re. 
Evil  or  corrupt  conduct;  misconduct,  as  in  public  office. 
[<  L.»  male,  bad,  +  versatio(n-),  turning.] 

mal'voi-sle,  1  mal'va-zi;  2  mal'vo-gi,  re.    Same  as  malmsey. 

111,1111.,  abbr.    Mammal,  mammalogy. 

ma-ma',       )  1  ma-ma'  or  ma'ma;  2  ma-mi'  or  ma'ma,  re. 

mam-ma'1,  )  Mother:  a  term  of  familiar  address  and  en- 
dearment.   [Repetition  of  infantile  syllable  ma.] 

Mam'e-luke,  1  mam'i-liuk;  2  mam'e-luk,  n.  1.  A  member  of 
a  celebrated  cavalry  corps,  originally  slaves,  which  domi- 
nated Egypt  from  1254  to  1811.  2.  A  male  servant  in 
Turkey.     [<  Ar.  mamluk.  slave.]    Mam'a-lukej. 

mam'ma2,  1  mam'a;  2  mam'a,  n.  [mam'jle,  pi.]  Anat. 
The  milk=secreting  organ  of  a  mammal;  a  breast,  udder, 
or  bag.  [L.,  breast.] — mam'ma-ry,  a.  Of,  pertaining 
to,  or  of  the  nature  of  a  mamma  or  breast  or  the  mamma;. — 
mam 'mate,  a.  Having  mammae  or  breasts,  mam'me- 
af'edt.— mam'mi-fer,  re.  A  mammal.  [+  L.  fero,  bear.] 
Mam-mif'e-ra,  re.  pi.  Zool.  The  Mammalia. — niain- 
mif'er-ous,  a.  Having  mamma?  or  breasts;  mammalian. — 
mam 'mi-form,  a.  Shaped  like  a  breast  or  nipple,  mam'- 
mi- formed  j:. 

mam'mal,  1  mam'al;  2  mam'al,  re.  A  vertebrate  animal 
whose  female  suckles  its  young.  [  <  LL.  mammalis,  < 
L.  mamma,  breast. ]— Mam-ma'li-a,  re.  pi.  Zool.  A  class 
of  animals  whose  females  have  milk=secreting  mammae  to 
nourish  their  young,  embracing  man,  all  warm=blooded 
quadrupeds,  seals,  cetaceans,  and  sirenians. — mam-nia'- 
li-an.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  the  Mammalia.  II.  re.  A  mam- 
mal.— mam"ma-Hf'er-ous,  a.  Containing  remains  of 
mammals,  as  geological  strata.  [+  L.  fero,  bear.] — mam- 
mal 'o-gy,  re.  The  branch  of  zoology  that  treats  of  the 
Mammalia.    [+  -logy.] 

mam'mert,  vi.  To  stammer;  hesitate.— mam'mcr-Ingt, 
re.    A  state  of  doubt  or  perplexity,    mam'mer-yt. 

mam 'met,  mam'met-rous,  etc.     Same  as  maumet,  etc. 

mam'mle,  re.    Same  as  mammy. 

mam-mil'la,  1  ma-mil'a;  2  ma-mil'a,  re.  t-L«,  1  -I:  2  -e,  pi.] 
A  nipple  or  teat,  or  some  nipple=like  or  tcat>shaped  structure 
or  protuberance.  [L.,  dim.  of  mamma,  breast.] — main'- 
mil-la-ry,  a.  1.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  resembling  B  mam- 
milla or  a  mamma.  2.  Studded  with  or  composed  of  breast  - 
shaped  or  rounded  protuberances  or  the  like,  mam 'mil- 
iar j.—mam'mil-late.  I.  vt.  [-lat"ed<i;  -lat"in<:.]  To 
shape  like  a  breast  or  a  nipple.  II.  a.  1.  Having  a  mam- 
milla, mammilla;,  or  nipple*llke  processes.  2.  Shaped  like  a 
nipple.  mam'mll-lat"edt.  —  mam"mll-la'Mon,  re. — 
mam-mil'li-form,  a.  Shaped  like  or  resembling  a  mam- 
milla,    mam'mil-lold  ! . 

mam'moekt.  I.  vt.  To  tear  as  with  the  teeth;  mangle; 
munch.    II.  re.  [Prov.  Eng.  or  Obs.]  A  fragment;  scrap. 

niaiii-moro-gy,  1  ma-mol'o-ji;  2  ma-niol'o-gy,  re.  Same  as. 
mammalogy. 

Mam 'mon,  1  mam'an;  2  mam'on,  n.  1.  The  Syrian  god 
of  riches;  worldli- 
ncss  personified. 
2.  [m-]  The  spirit 
of  avarice.  [LL.,  < 
Syr/ir  m  am  6  n  d. 
riches.]  Syn.:  see 
wealth.  —  mam'- 
mon-ish,  a. — 
mam  'mon  -Ism, 
re.  Devotion  to  the 
acquisition  of 
wealth;  worldllness. 
— mam 'mon  -  1st, 
n.  1 1 1  ,t  1 1 1  '  1 1 1 1 1 1 1  - 
Itet. 

mam 'moth,  1  mam'afh;  2  mam'oth. 
sal.    II.  re.    A  very  large  extinct  elephant  witii  enoi 
mous  tusks.    [  <  Rus.  mamanlu.] 


Mammol  b. 
Huge;  colos- 


mam'my,  1  mam'i;  2  mam'y.  n.  1.  [Colloq.]  Mother;  mar 
ma.  2.  [Southern  TJ.  S.]  A  colored  nurse  or  roster-mother  of 
white  children.    3.  [Eng.]  Grandmother,     mam'mlel. 

man,  1  man;  2  man,  vt.  [MANNED,  ma.vd';  man'ning.]  1. 
To  supply  with  men;  place  men  at,  on,  or  in.  2.  To 
supply  with  strength  or  courage.  [<  AS.  mannian,  < 
man,  man.] 

man,  n.  [men,  pi.]  1.  A  human  being;  the  human  race; 
any  one,  indefinitely.  2.  An  adult  male  of  the  human 
kind:  often  used  adjectively;  as,  man  servant.  ;{.  The 
male  part  of  the  race  collectively,  4.  A  male  person  who 
is  manly.  5.  An  adult  male  servant.  6.  A  figure,  disk, 
etc.,  as  in  chess  or  checkers.  7.  Naut.  A  ship  or  vessel: 
only  in  composition;  as,  a  ?rean«of»wur.  [<  AS.  mun,  < 
V  man,  think.]  Syn.:  see  mankind. — man  Friday,  a  per- 
son devoted  or  subservient  to  another,  like  Robinson  Cru- 
soe's servant  of  that  name;  a  factotum. — man'=qucH"cr, 
re.    A  murderer;  also,  an  executioner. 

man.,  abbr.    Manege,  manual. 

man'a-cl(ep,  1  man'o-kl;  2  man'a-cl.  I.  vt.  [-cl(e)dp; 
-cling.]  To  put  manacles  on;  hence,  to  constrain,  11. 
re.  A  handcuff:  usually  in  the  plural.  [<  L.*  monicas 
(pi.),  handcuff,  <  manu.i,  hand.]    Syn.:  see  kk.tter. 

nian'age,  1  man'ij;  2  man'ag,  o.  [man'aqed;  man'ag- 
ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  control  or  direct  the  movements  or 
working  of  by  manipulation.  2.  To  direct  or  conduct 
the  affairs  of.  3.  To  guide  or  restrain  by  address.  4. 
To  carry  out  by  action,  effort,  Or  skill  of  any  kind.  II.  i. 
To  carry  on  or  regulate  business  or  affairs;  make  pru- 
dent or  thrifty  use  of  means.  Syn.:  sec  govern;  bequlate. 
— man'age-a-bl(cp,  a.  Capable  of  being  managed;  tract- 
able; docile.  Syn.:  see  docile. — maii'aKe-a-bl(e-nes>' ,  t 
— man'age-a-bly,  adv. — man'aKe-nient,  n.  1.  The  act 
of  managing,  controlling,  or  conducting.  2.  The  skilful  use 
of  means  to  accomplish  a  purpose.  :{.  Managers  or  directors 
collectively.  Syn.:  see  care;  influence;  oversight 
man'ag-er,  re.  1.  One  who  manages;  especially,  one  who  has 
the  control  of  a  business.  2.  in  adroit  ehemer;  Intriguer. 
Syn.:  see  master:  superintendent.  —  inan"a-ge'rl-al.   i 

man'aget,re.  1.  Management.  2.  Behavior.  S. Manege  4. 
A  rlding=school.  [<  F.  manege,  <  It.  maneoaio,  horse- 
manship, <  mano,  <  L.  manus,  hand]    iiicn'agct. 

man'a-kin,  1  man'a-kln;  2  mfln'a-kln,  n.  1.  A  small  tropical 
American  bird  of  brilliant  plumage.  2.  Same  as  mwimn. 
[Var.  of  manikin.] 

Ma-nas'sas,  1  ma-nas'as;  2  ma-nas'as,  n,     A  town  In  \     I 
Virginia;  scene  of  the  two  battles  of  Bull  Run,  July  21.1 88 1 . 
and  Aug.  29-30,  1S62. 

Ma-nas'seli,  1  ma-nas'a;  2  ma-nas'e,  re.  lilb    1.    \ 

Joseph.    6-Yre.  xll,  51.    3.  A  king  of  Judah;  son  of  lliv.ekiah; 

restored  idol 

atrous    wor-      S*~„  '""f:^ 

ship.      2  ^&< 

Kings,  xil. 

man"a-(ee\  1 
man"o-ti';  2 
man'a-te',  n. 
A  herbivo- 
rous Ilsh'like 

mammal    of   the   Atlantic   shores    and    rivers    within    the 
tropics;  a  sea»cow.    [<  Sp.  manati,  ■    \\    Ind.  manaK.] 

Man'chcs-tcr,  1   man'chee-tsr;  l'   man'ohei  ter,   n      I.  A 
borough  and  city  in  Lancashire.   England   (pop.  71  I 
center  of  cotton  trade.    2.  a  manufacturing  olty  In  B.  New 
Hampshire;  pop  86,500  

man'chetll,  1  man'chet;  2  m&n'chet,  n.     \  small  loal  of  Una 

White  bread;  used  alSO  adJOCtlvelj 

man"chl-necl',  Lman*chi-nH';2mftn*ohl-n6r,  «      \  tropical 

Amerlcai w.nt  Mancinel,  i  acrid 

milky  Juice  and  an  apple«llke  trull  reputed  to  be  pol 
p.  ..    •     matuana,  apple,    ■     L>.  M 

Matlan,       Va       .  a  Rom  u 

Maii-cinrn-a,  l  man-chQ  l  N.  l 

division  of  i  Ihlna  (363,310    m    m  ■  i"1. 
capital,  Mni. den.    Man-choo'rl-at.    Man-cuu',         I 

(  me  or  !i  race  lliat  coni|iHT0d  <  'hln:i  In   |i 

the  dynast)  overthrown  In  1012     2.   i 

race.   Man-cl 'I.    Uan-chu', a     Man-chu'rl 

Maii-choo'rl-an!. 
iiian"<-l-pa'iliiii.    1    man'si-pB'ifhDn;   2  "on,    n. 

1.  Rom   Law.  n  i  The  slli 

The  i 

L.  ma  delivery, 

man'cl-pl(ep,  I  man'si-pl;  2  mfti 

an  En  [<  OF. man  •      '  :M'''   ' 

■ .  take.] 
man'cus,  L  man  '  '"'" 

worth  about    I     6d    oi   81  '"•"'  '  '   ■  """ 

.mancy.'tv/TIi     Derived  SI ■ umltta,  dlvlnaOon. 

I ,    ireanll  .  prophi  I,  ■    malnom     t  ,.,,,,. 

H»n'da-Iajr,lman'd8-ie n'dn  id  -i     vtown  faP1"*"'[1l0h« 

division  of  Upper  Burma,  N   i    Brftlsh  India;  pop,  i  • 


Manatee. 


mandamus   |  a  <<       .      i        i  i        i  ..->,••  ,-,     n      |        ■    |  o™: 

iii.iiiu.il  ....  i      i         i  l uon,  4S4 


ni.iii 
in. in 


n-.lll. 
.1.-11 
.l.-h 


in  ill     I  i-l   .-r  > 

Mini  .1  .i-ii>-r) . 

^Ir  Jolin 

:nr>. 
I. 

• 

□  :m  in- 
...«  1   - 
u-l  ir. 
tl,  \   -i  rinni-.  1 

wul.    an    ;ili id* 


in  .i  ii     il  r  .i  k  i  ■  .    . 
mi:                          1 
pU 

' 

•'• 

-  1  r  it  i-rv. 
III. Hi   .Ir.  1. 

1. 

mand- .. 

:  'iii.il.- 
••    1  i-ylin- 

drica: 

I  <  Gr.L+r    mandra, 

man  drll 

iii.ui  ilnll.  .  irge  and  fero- 

:.  iving  enormous    canine 

•  I  with 

[<    MAN    -T-    DKILL;,  a    \\  i '.-t- African 


man'du-ra'tlun,  |  ;_>  raan'dQ-ca'shon,  n. 


Eccl.  The  act  of 


mandMC'j.  <  maud- 
in  hi.  . 

on  and  a* 
ol  some  a:. 

in  in.  i . 
Inc. 

in  in.   |.  --. 
ma-ncKi-'. 

I 

Mandrill.    ■/»• 

•' 

Ml   I     IL    -.     .  1  . 

.">o<i   ) 

.v  [it  Ian  priest 
Mm. -Mi. hi 

'      &    vi. 

in  i-:mi  u  'l  r.  .  -WED;      -vi.i'.-r.  ., 

i  ■  perform  rmli- 

droit  or  artful 
n  ii- in  ii  'wt-it,   nia-iiun'ir.  r. 
ma-neu'wr.   .         1. 

iii.i-iiuii  ir.  .  •;.    ,..•,■  dex- 

|  <  L.r  manut,  ba 

man   fill,    .  .  Having   a   rnanly 

•ranee; 
sturd:  :  •**>  va.vlv:  KaacULOT. 

—  man'ful-lj,  adz.  —  man 'ful-m-s,  n. 


M 


nia-ni'ij  \i-r. 


.  ■   -nl*'.  L'  ii 

brittle,  mrtallio  element,  uikki  in  mnk- 
mi  s  i     1  •    I  '  ''•  magn**, 

I     ltch»Hke  ikln«diw  i 

llii'    mangel. 

in  in  'gl-nees,  n 

man  'g*l  «ui  /.  i.  ■  man'gl«wftr*all  n. 

tUe.    [0  | 
.r.  l  mfn'jer;  2  n  \  loeding*  trough  or 

eat.] 
in. hi  cl  <•    .  I  \i\s- 

1.1  a) ling,  bruie- 

'.'.   I         n:iii\  oly,  l"  make  a 

blundering  performanee  ..r  treatment   of;  botch.     |< 

■     111  Mi 

iii. iii  i;l  .     ,  i  ..  ,th  with  a  mangle. 

man'gj  e  .  \    machine  fur  smoothing 

1    ■  ween  rollers.    |  <  1  >    mangel, 

until  'gler1,  i  man'gler;  2  man'gler,  n     <  me  «  bo  or  thai  «  bieh 

■  ■ .  if  .  a  mcat>ohopplng  machine 

ni.iii   tiler  .  ...    »  h..  works  n  nli  :i  DO 

man  jto.  I  [- b'  ..i  -ooa*,  ;«'  ]    1. 

.  i  oj  i    .'  '  ree  allied  to  1  he  lumac. 
varieties  are  large,  Qcshy,  and  of  a  delirious  Savor 
2.  rhe  tree  producing  the  fruit.    man'go>faree',t>    .'1. 
A  pickled  green  muakmeloo.    (  <  Malay  mii«wi  ] 

man  if.il.l,  in.  iMir/i  I.  .         ...>■,,,  i  ..... 

man'go-nel,  l  man'go-nel;  2  man'go-nel,  ».  A  mllltarj  en- 
gine formerly  used  for  throwing 

*  •  i  .,  <  i.i..  mangonettiu,  dun.  "f  mangonum,  ■    < ; r.  man- 
■..  a  war*englne  ]    mag 'net  t;  man'go-nat. 

man'go-steen,  ]  man'go-stln:  2  o  I.  Thered- 

.ii~h  brown  fruit  of  an  Basvindian  tree,  about  the  bum  ol  an 
apple,  having  a  thick,  fleshy  rind,  and  a  white,  luicj  pulp  ol 
a  delicate  sweet  and  add  flavor,  2.  The  tree  producing  this 
fruit.    |<  tAei&y manffutta.] 

man 'grove,  i  man/grOv;  2  man'Jrflv,  n,  1.  A  tropical 
tr...-  which  grows  in  inu.l.ly  places  on  low  coasts,  I' 
throws  out  num.  rous  ro..ts  fr.nn  the  lower  branches 
and  stem,  forming  unpenetrable  thickets  2.  A  shrub 
of  the  vervain  family,  as  the  black  mangrove  and  the 
white  m.  [<  Malay  mangoitnanggi,  mangroi 
man'groTe»enck'foo,  n.  a  cuckoo  frequenting  mangroves 
of  the  w  bbI  Indies,  l  loridi 

1 1  ii  ii  gy,  1  m6n'ji;2  m&n'gy,  a.  |man'<;i-kh;  uan'gi-i  si  1 
Affected  with  the  mange;  squalid 

HKlirliall"dlc,  1  mah'haii"dl:  2  maii'haiiMI.  it  To  move-  liy 
man-power  without  mrihanlcal  aids;  benoe,  to  handle  With 

roughnesB,  as  in  anger. 

Man-iial 'tan,  1  maii-hat'aii:  2  man-liat'an.  n.     A  borOUghoI 

New  York  city,  consisting  ol  Maniiaiian  island  and  adja- 
cent Islands;  22  sq.  m.;  pop.  2,332,000.— Man-hat 'tan-CMS 
a.  &  n. 
man  'hole",  1  man'hSl';  2  nian'hol",  n.    An  opening  by 
which  a  man  may  enter  a  boiler,  tank,  BOWer,  or  the  like, 
i  repairing. 
man 'linoil.  1  man'liuil;  2  miinTiood,  n.     1.  Manly  quali- 
.11.  i  lively.     2.  The  state  of  being  of  age;  man's 
:i.  lie-  state  of  being  a  man. 
ma'lli-a,  1  me'iu-a;  2  ma'ni-a.  n.     1.  A  form  of  montal 
bown   in   hallucination   and   delirium; 
oity;  loosely,  insanity  in  general.    2. 

A  Strong,  ungoven  .raze.     |I,.,   <()r.  mania, 

<  7?.'  S.yn.:  see  rBENZT;  insanity. 

-  iiia'nl-ac.     I.  a.    Maniacal.     Syn.:  see  ins\nf;  vio- 
lent.    II.  fi.    A  person  wildly  or  violently  Insane;  a  mail- 
man.— ma-nl'a-cai.  i  by  mania;  Insane;  raving; 
»T. — nia-nl'a-cal-ly,  adv. 

Man'l-cbe"lsm,   /  1    man'i-kl'izin;   2    iiian'i-ee-|sm,    n.      A 

Man 'i-eha"l~in,     !  of  the  Per- 

sian Manes,  Man],  or  Manlchsus,  In  which  light  and  good- 
ness, peraonlfled  as  Qod,  are  rep  '.millet  with 
and  evil:  taught  from  the  3d  to  the  7th  century. — 
Man"l-<he'aii  i-rba-'an),  a.  &  n. 

man  '1-cure,  1  maii'i-klQr:  2  man'l-cOr.  77.    1 .  < )ne  whose  busl- 

i  are  and  treatment  of  the  bands  and  Bnger*nalls. 

inan'l-<iir"lst:.    2.  The  care  or  treatmenl  of  hands  and 

0nger«nau8.     {•"   I.,  mnnu*.  hand,  +  cura,  care.)  —  man'l- 

cure,  rt.    To  take  care  of  or  tre.it  p.-onles  hands  and  nails. 

rnan'l-fest,  1  man'i-feet;  2  m&n'i-fest.  I'.  vt.  To  make 
plain  to  sight  or  understanding;  reveal.  II.  a.  Plainly 
apparent    to   right    or  understanding;  evident;   plain. 

Syn.:  apparent,  hare,  clear,  conspicuous,  distinct,  evident, 

glaring.  Indubitable,  obvious,  open,  overt,  palpable,  patent, 
plain,  transparent,  unmistakable,  Visible.  See  clxab;  KVI- 
ni.si  ovf.I'.t       Ant.:  concealed,  covert,  dark, 

hidden,  impalpable.  Impenetrable,  Imperceptible,  invisible, 
latent,  obscure,  occult,  secret,  undiscovered,  unliriaglned, 
unknown,  unseen;  unthougbt  of.  —  man"l-fes-ta'tlon,  n. 


.__    J:a=fin?1;   ,,3,hal?,tl    aisle;    au  =  out;    eil;     Iu  =  feud;    dhin;    go;    rj  =  sinff;    thin,    this,  mandamus 
485   2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this,  manual 


The  act  of  manifesting  or  making  plain;  a  revelation.   Syn.: 
see  mark;    sign.— man'i-fest-ly,  adv. 

man'i-fest,  n.  An  invoice  of  a  cargo  for  custom-house 
purposes;  way=bill.     [<  L.  manifextus,  manifest.] 

man"i-fes'to,  1  manVfes'to;  2  man"i-feVto,  n.  [-toesz, 
pi.]  A  public  official  and  authoritative  declaration  or 
proclamation.     [It.] 

man'i-fold,  1  man'i-fold;  2  mar/i-fold.  l'Kvl.  To  make 
more  than  one  copy  of  at  once.  II.  a.  Of  great  variety; 
numerous.  Syn.:  see  complex;  many.  III.  re.  1.  A  copy 
made  by  manifolding.  2.  An  aggregation.  3.  Math.  A  num- 
ber of  objects  related  under  one  system,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  re. 

man'i-kin,  1  man'i-kin;  2  man'i-kin,  re.  1.  A  model  of 
the  human  body,  showing  its  structure,  as  for  artists' 
use.  2.  A  little  man;  dwarf.  [  <  MD.F  manncken,  dim. 
of  man,  man.] 

Ma-nil 'a,  1  ma-nll'a  or  (Sp.)  ma-nl'la;  2  ma-nll'a  or  (Sp.) 
ma-ru'lii.  re.  1.  A  province  of  central  Luzon,  P.  I.;  24  sq.  m.; 
pop.  266,943.  2.  A  manufacturing  city,  capital  of  Luzon  and 
of  the  Philippine  Islands;  coextensive  with  the  province. 
3.  [m-]  A  cigar  made  in  Manila.  4.  [m-]  The  fiber  of  a  tall 
perennial  herb  related  to  the  banana,  of  which  the  fine 
grades  are  made  into  textile  fabrics  and  the  coarser  into 
ropes,  bagging,  paper,  etc.  Ma-nil 'lat.— Manila  Bay,  an 
inlet  of  the  China  sea  in  W.  Luzon,  P.  I.;  length,  25  m.; 
scene  of  Commodore  Dewey's  victory  over  the  Spanish  fleet, 
May  1,  1898. 

man'i-oc,  1  man'i-ek;  2  man'i-oe,  n.  1.  The  product  of 
the  cassava=plant,  from  which  tapioca  is  derived.  2.  [W. 
Ind.]  The  mangrove=cuckoo.     [  <  Pg.  (Braz.)  manriioca.] 

nian'1-ple,  1  man'i-pl;  2  man'i-pl,  re.  1.  Eccl.  A  band  worn 
on  the  left  arm  as  a  vestment  by  the  clergy  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  and  sometimes  of  the  Anglican  Church.  2.  A  sub- 
division of  the  Roman  legion  containing  from  60  to  120  men. 
[OF.,  <  L.  manipulus,  handful,  <  manus,  hand,  +  V  pal, 
in  plenus,  full.] 

ma-nip 'u-lar,  1  me-nip'yu-lar;  2  ma-nlp'yu-lar,  a.  1.  Per- 
taining to  manipulation  or  handling.  2.  Pertaining  to  a 
maniple. 

ma-nip 'U-Iate,  1  ma-nip'yu-let;  2  ma-nip'yu-lat,  vl.  &  vi. 
[-lathed"1;  -lat"ing.1  To  operate  on  or  work  with  or 
as  with  the  hands;  hence,  to  influence  artfully;  manage, 
[  <  LL.  manipulalus,  pp.  of  manipulo,  <  L.  manipu- 
lus,  handful.] — ma-nip"u-la'tlon,  re. — ma-nip 'u-la"tive, 
a.     ma-nip'u-la-to-ryt.— ma-nip 'u-Ia"tor,  re. 

Manlt.,  abbr.    Manitoba. 

man'i-to,    )  1  man'i-to,  -tu;  2  man'i-to,  -tu,  re.    Among  the 

man'1-tou, )  Chippeway  Indians,  a  spirit  or  spiritual  being; 
also,  a  fetish;  an  amulet.    [Am.  Ind.] 

Man"l-to'ba,  1  man"i-tG'ba;  2  man"i-to'ba,  re.  A  province  in 
W.  Canada;  251, S32  sq.  m.;  pop.  456,000;  capital,  Winnipeg. 
— Man"i-to'ban,  a.  &  n. 

man  "kind',  1  man"koind';  2  man"klnd',  re.  The  whole 
human  species;  also,  men  collectively  as  distinguished 
from  women.  Syn.:  humanity,  humankind,  human  nature, 
man,  men,  the  genus  Homo,  the  human  race,  the  human 
species.     See  humanity. 

man 'like",  1  man'laik";  2  man'llk",  a.  Like  a  man;  hav- 
ing the  qualities  proper  (1)  to  the  human  race,  (2)  to  the 
male  Bex,  or  (3)  to  manly  character.  Syn.:  see  manly; 
masculine. 

man'ly,  1  man'h;  2  man'ly,  a.  [man'li-ku;  M  \s'i,i-i:st.] 
Possessing  the  characteristics  of  a  true  man,  as  strength, 
frankness,  and  intrepidity. 

Syn.:  manful,  manlike,  mannish.  Manlil.i  may  mean  only 
having  the  outward  appearance  or  semblance  of  a  man.  or  it, 
may  be  substantially  equivalent  to  manly.  Manly  refers  in 
all  the  qualities  and  traits  worthy  of  a  man;  manful  espe- 
cially to  the  valor  and  prowess  Chat  become  a  man;  we  peal 
of  a  manful  struggle;  manly  decision;  we  say  manly  gentle- 
ness, or  tenderness;  we  could  not  say  manful  tender]  i 
Mannish  Is  a  depreciatory  word  referring  in  the  mimicry  or 
parade  of  some  superficial  qualities  of  manhood;  as.  a  man- 
nlsh  boy  or  woman.     See  MASCULINE,     man  'll-ness,  n. 

Mann,  1  man;  2  man,  Horace  (1796  1869),  An  American 
lawyer,  philanthropist,  writer,  and  educator. 

man'na,  1  man's;  2  man'a,  re.  1.  Bib.  H>  '  Food  on 
which  the  Israelites  subsisted  in  the  wilderness;  heDCe, 
spiritual  nourishment.  2.  A  Bweeti  b  ub  tance  ob- 
tained from  the  stems  of  a  spi  cii  ol  B  b  "t  southern 
Europe,     1<  Gr.  manna,   <  Heb.  m&n,  manna. ] 

man'ner',1  man'ar;  2  man'er,  n.     1.  The  way  of  doing 
anything;  usual  practise;  habit;  method,     '!■    Appear 
ance;  bearing;  mien.     3.  pi.      Behavior;  when  unquall 
fied,  often  polite   behavior;   deportment.     4.    Sort   or 
kind.     [<  F.  maniere,  <  main,  hand.] 

Syn.:  appearance,  aspect,  carriage,  demeanor,  deportment, 

fashion,  habit,  look,  method,  mien,  mode,  practise,  style. 

way.     Sec'  ADDRESS;  aih'-';  BEHAVIOR: •'.      I    "    ' 

— to  the  manner  born,  familiar  with  something  from 
birth:  often  Improperly  manor,  man'ner-Um,  n  Adhe- 
rence to  one  manner,  style,  or  peculiarity.-  mau'ner-lst. 


n.— man'ner-lcss,  a. — man'ner-ly.     I.  a.  Well-behaved; 

polite.     II.  adv.     With  good  manners;  politely.       inan'-' 

ner-li-ness,  re. 
man'ner^t,  re.    Same  as  manor,    man'ner-yt. 
Mann'heim,  1  man'haim;  2  man'him.  r».    A  commercial  and 

manufacturing  town  In  N.  Baden;  pop.  193,000. 
man'nl-kin,  re.    Same  as  manikin. 
Man'nlng,  1   man'in;  2  man'ing,  Ilenry  Edward    (lsus- 

1892).     An  English  cardinal,  writer,  and  reformer. 

man'nish,  1  man'i&h;  2  man'ish,  a.  Resembling  a  man; 
aping  manhood;  masculine;  as  a  woman  or  boy. 
Syn.:  see  manly;  mascttl ink.     -ly,  ado.     -ne~ 

ma-na'u'ver,  ma-noeu'vre.    same  as  uanbuveb. 

man'sofswar',  n.  |mi:n'=oi--wak',  pi.]  An  armed  vi  ssel 
belonging  to  a  military  marine. 

ma-noin'e-ter,  1  ms-nem'i-tar;  2  ma-nom'e-ter,  n.    An 
instrument  for  measuring  elastic  pressure, 
[<   Gr.  manos,  rare.   +  mitron,  measure.]  —  man"o-mcl  '- 
ric,  a.    man"o-met'rl-caU. 

man'or,  1  man'ar  or -or;  2  man'or,  n.  1.  [Eng.l  A  noble- 
man's or  gentleman's  landed  estate.  2.  ffj,  s.]  A  tract 
of  land  originally  granted  as  a  manor  and  let  by  the 
proprietor  to  tenants  in  perpetuity  or  fur  a  long  term, 
[<  F.  manior,  <  L.  maneo,  dwell.]     Syn.:  see  HOI  SI 

— man 'or  mouse",  n.    The  residence  of  the  lord  - 
manor.     man'or=seat"t. — ma-no 'rl-al,  a.    Pertaining  to 
a  manor. 

man'sard,  1  man'sard;  2  man'sard,  re.  I.  A  roof  with  a 
double  pitch  on  all  sides,  man'sard  roofj.  8.  A 
room  within  such  a  roof;  an  attic.  [  <  Mansard,  a  Trench 
architect.] 

manse,  1  mans;  2  mans,  n.  1.  A  clergyman's  house,  as  in 
the  Scottish  Presbyterian  churches;  a  parsonage.  8.  \ 
landholder's  residence.  [OF.,  <  LL.  maiua,  <  L. 
maneo,  dwell] 

man'sion,  1  man'slian;  2  m&n'shon,  re.     A  large  or  hand- 
some dwelling.  [OF.,  <  L.  mansto(n-),  dwelling.] 
Syn.:  see  house.  —  man'slon-ry{,re.  Anahldln 

man^SlaURll"ter,  1  man'slo"t,>r;  2  man'sla"ter,  n  The 
killing  of  man  by  man;  especially,  such  killing  without 
malice. 

man'swear",  1  man'swar";  2  man'swar",  vl.  [Prov.  or  Oba.] 
To  swear  falsely;  commit  perjury.  — man 'sworn",  />/>. 

man'teau,  l  man'to  or  (/•'.)  man*  to';  2  m&n'to  or  (A'.i  man'- 

to',  re.  [MAN'TBAIS7-  or  -TEAl'X,  1  -U>':  2  -t(V.  ;i/.|  I.  V 
cloak  or  mantle  worn  by  women;  any  mantle.  ',M.  A 
woman's  gown.     [F.  (OF.  mantel);  see  mwii.i;.  n.| 

Man-te'gna,  1  mciii-tc'nyo;  2   man-tfi'nyft,    Vndrca   (1419 
1506).    An  Italian  painter  and  engraver, 

man'tel,  1  man'tl;  2  man'tl,  n.     The  facing  about   a 
fireplace,  including  the  shelf  above  it  ;  also,  the  shell. 
[OF.,  cloak,  shelf]     maii'tcl-plecc": ;  maii'(e|.(rce"t. 
man'teltslieir".  n.    Tin-  sheir  el  :i  mantel. 

man'tt'1-ct,  1  man'tl-et;  2  m&n'tl-St,  ».  1.  A  small 
mantle  or  short  cloak.  2.  .1///.  A  movable  n»,i  or 
shield  to  protect,  troops.    ;{.  A  movable  shelter  used  by 

hunters.     [OF.,  dim.  ol  .  LANTLE,  n.] 

man- til 'la,  1  man-tU'a;  2  man-tlTa,  r»,     l.  A  woman's 

light  cape  or  head-covering  of  lace,  as  worn  in  Spain, 

Italy,  etc.    3.  An.\   ihorl  mantle.    rSp.l 
inaii'tis,  1  man'tis;  2  m&n'tis,  n     [ma 
pi.]      An   insect    which    assumes    u 
position  as  of  praj er  » ben  w 

for  its  insect  prey.       |  <  (  .r.  n 
prophet,  locust.] 
man'tl(ep.     1     man'tl;     2    man'tl,    t. 
[man'iij  i  |dp;   U  \  \'  i  i  [NO.]     I.  I    To 
cover    with    or    as    with    a    mantle; 

conceal.     II.  i,    I.  To  o\  erspread  or 
cover  the  surface  ol  something;   bee,  .me  oovered 
To  spread  out  the  w  ic 
imiti'll  r1,  a.    I.  \  1 ....-.-. I . -.  \ .  i  '.  rhat  which 

clot  lies,    covers,    ol'   cole  II 

some  oovei  ing  or  oonoealina  pari  '•    '  ho 

outer  &  i .  ei  ti I  b  wall,     i.  inti  I     ft.   A 

I I  formi  'I  oi   i 

over  a 

oence,    I      L.Ai  manti  Uum,  oh 
man'tii-.i  .   I 
a  worn  n's  loose  i  ot  ham 

•i  i  m   i     iiiiu'Iii-.i  mak"cr, 

Man'lii-a?,  ii.  I.     A  province  In  I 

pop  360,409     ■.'■  i 

Vergil;  pop,  34,800.    Man'tu-aiit  a  6  »■ 
inan'n-al,  1  man'}                                   '  """''  ■ 

i  d  by  the  hand      II.  n      I.  A  pa< '  volumi  . 

hand! 

,,i  at)  organ     8,     Mil  ia(     ■      ' 

,11,,,,.  pon     I  •    i.  '  maniM.huid  )    "'■'"  r|- 

al-ly,  adv. 


Manils 


m.tmif. 
maroon 


>       i  '  I  ...  ii       !i  iii.  I.ftrn; 

■  •      i  ...  iii  I won,       4S6 


r,  man    :i-l.n    lur-hii;. 

man  n-mii  . 

I 
II 

n) 
ma   nu-  I 

■(madid*  terminal  part      '  -     daw . 

man  \i-->  rlpt,  ]  I. 

II.  I.  5   band 

ed   MS 

• 

Ma-nu  ti-u«.  \l.lu- 

m»n  u-iM"  •  •       ! -i.  i-i.i>': 

-   typewrite 
man  u-i  j  (X  mm   u-l\  p"- 

•  -sjon  who  manutypes;  a  manutyplng  i 

Mini,  ".  mants   E  mania     I  •  doing  i»  the  Isle  of 

11         i .  The  language 

: 
'  01,  [ale  of  Mini.]— Manx'- 

min 

I. 

II.  y  large 

nun 
I<  ay.! 

■•;rr  indicates  a  great  num- 
ber •  a  man;  mart]/  a  time.  Many 
\-  _-.-;  M  :i  predicate  ad;«tHve  In  Inverted  construction 
(now  time.  Ii  Is  al 
In  r.  ii«  compounds:  as,  many-armed. 
mant-hued.  manv- 

Synj  divers,  frequent,  manifold,  multifarious,  multiplied, 
multitudinous,  numerous,  sundry,  various.  —  Ant.:  few,  In- 
frequent, rare,  scarce,   uncomn  BO   in:ni>. 

inn  iii.    i.  a  number  too 
•  great  "!<-ult. 

man')-pll>-.  n.    The  third  stom- 

ach rane  la  raised  into 

mar.  la    [<  many,  a..  +  pit,  «.] 

|i-  il-i.    rl-iim  : 

Min-m'nl.  1  :....:-.  Uessandro 

.  Promari  Spo^i 

Ma'o-rl.  I                                J.)   mau'n;  2  ma'o-rl  or  (colloq) 

rieslan  natl'.  •  M  i  '•>- 
It, 

map,   I    I                              I.  U  I'rivi]     To 

II.  1 . 

a.     [  <   L.r  mappa, 

in  i  pi •  .  of  many 

nit  '[»!••  -ir"up,  n 

melting 

maple-vugar       m.  nmla--.  -    .      in.  Migar.   n.      Sugar  ob- 

iii. ir.  I  I  i-.t.n;  mak'. 

physical  har  II 

•  >ark:  bl<;mL-:  '■•yrran.  Injun.) 
Mar.. 

mar'i-biiu,  i  wni't  lifl   :_■  mar'a-  L 

trtmmlng  hats  and  dress  apparel      t.  A   plume  from  the 
mara> 
mar'a-hout  ,  1  mar 

Mar'a-hmit  . 

Ma'ra-eal  'ho.  1  mo'ro-kalTx):  2  ma'ra-ei'bo.  n.    A  seaport 
city  In  Venezuela:  pop.  60,000. 


Ma"ra-Aon 

iii.ii    .-~rhi  ii...  \  eontlal 

red   w  in.   Hi.' 

in  ,  inn   a-*qul  im:. 

ma-raa  mut,  i  ial  and 

Ma'rat',  i    in  Paul  \ 

■ 
ion,  I.  A  plain  In 

i   name, 
190  l 
in  .-.    • 

al  Marathon, 

and  f.  :t\\  al. 

in  i-r.iinl    ,i  i  o  pillage; 

plundl  r;   ml>       |  ■      I 

ma-rand 'cr,  •:      \  plunderer;  I  odder. 

i  re'dl,   1    i  i  lt"8  vG'di;  2  i  •       \   former 

Spanish  coin  worth  iwcQftha  ol  ^p   marawai, 

\  :i  Moorish  ,:  pain  I 

in.ir'lil  <•  .  ,  I.  .  mar'- 

bi  is.-  |     1 loi  m  imitation  .>t  marble,  an  1 1 

in.ir'iii.-i/i    .     ii.        I.  Made  of  or  like  marble     t,  Wlth- 

OUl  feeling.  OOld  HI  I.  A  81     DC  i-niii- 

,.f  calcium  carbonate  or  the  like,  valuable  for  building 
or  ornamental  purpi  '.'-    I    mall  ball  made  of  this  stone, 

or  of  baked  clay,  glass,  or  p..r,  •  ;  l 

d  with  such  balls     -4.  A  piece  of  sculpture,    [Ol   . 

parkle.]     mar'a 
hUil,  \,  nod,  clouded,  or   variegated   like  marble 

him    1,1. -ho. nl".  \  ,  Mine    u 

variegated  wood      mar'bly,  I.    Resembling  or  con- 

taining marble      '•!.  BU11  or  rigid  like  marble 

Mar 'hunt,   1    in.ir'burii.  2  iiiar'hurii.   n,      A    town   In  S     W. 

i;  has  a  unlverslt)  ;  pop,  18,000. 
mare,  1  murk  or  (FA  mflr;2  mar.  or  ilA  mar,  n.    Solid  refuse 
remaining   from   grapes  or  other  fruit,  as  In  w  iiu-maklng. 
.  II   .  km. I  of  w  Inc.] 

mar-eel',  l   i  mar-eel',  <t.     [hab-cklixb':  mar- 

Co  wave  (the  ha  in  In  the  style  Introduced  by  the 
French  hairdresser  Marcel.     Marcel  wave,  In  halr^dresslng, 
a  style  of  waving  the  hair  In  tiers,  Introduced  bj   Marcel. 
in.ir-eei  l.r.  .  One  who  or  thai  which  marcels  the  hair 
march',  1  march;  2  march,  rt.  &  wi.    I.  Vo  move  or  cause 
to  move  with  measured  steps,  as  a  soldier     '.'■   I 
t..  go  according  to  order  or  under  authority.     [<  F. 
rent,  hammer.] — march  'er,  n. 
march1,  a.    1.  M  i  tner  on  f.»>t  and  in  time, 

i  ildii  re;  a  stately,  dignified  walk.  Z.  A  movement, 
as  of  soldiers,  from  one  Btopping«place  to  another;  also, 
thedistano  lover.    8. Onward progn         1, 

A  piece  of  music  suitable  for  regulating  tni 
•  -  of  persons  mar.  I 
March1)  n.    The  ihir.l  month  of  the  year,  having  31  days. 

OP.,  <  L.  Martins,  <  Mar(t~)s,  Mars] 
march,   •.      A  boundary  between  adjacent   territories; 
frontier;  also,  the  region  or  .listri.-t  lying  along  a  bound- 
aryh'  msare,   border.)     marcliet.      Syn.:  see 

IART. 

March.,  abbr.    Marchioness. 

in  ir  ehion-ess.    i    rnayahsn-es;  2   mar'chon-es,  n.    1. 

The  wife  or  widow  of  a  marquis.    '■£.  A  woman  having 

in  li.r  own  righl  the  rank  corresponding  to  that  of  a 

marquis.     [<    LL 

prefect  Of  the  marches,  <  marcha  (<  OI1G.  marcha),  boun- 

mari  irpane",  l  m&rch'neh";  2  march'pah",  n.  A  confection 
mad.-  of  nuts,  sugar,  and  the  white  of  eggs,  formerly  very 
popular  In  i:ia;laiicl.  [<  OP.  marcepain.  <  L.  Martius, 
.  +  pants,  bread.) 

mar-co 'ill-gram,  1  niiir-k.Vrii-nram:  2  mar-eo'nl-gram,  n. 
a  win  ■      [<  GugUelmo  Marconi  (1874-        ), 

inventor  of  wireless  telegraphy,  I  <ir.  gramma,  writing.]— 
Mimiiii  system,  - •  wireless  rEutaRAPHT. 

Mar 'eas  Ln-to'nl-as.    Same  as  Mark  Antomt. 

Mar'cai  Vu-re'ii-us,  l  marTtoB e-iTh-os;  j  m&r'eus  :i-r«'ii- 
Ooman  emperor  and  philosopher.    See  amonim  s. 

Mar'.ll  gras,  1   neir'.li  gro;  2  mar'dl  lira.     Shrove  Tuesday: 

i  ,  Mars, 

+  cra.isus.  fat] 

Mar'diik,  1  m<ir*duk;  2  miirMuk.  n.  A  Babylonian  deity; 
Identified  with  Zeus;  originally  a  local  smvgod. 

mare  ,   1    mar;  2   mar,   n.     T),  the   horse.— 

mare's  nest,  a  seemingly  important  discovery  that  turns 
out  to  be  worthless  or  fraudulent—  mare's'=tall",  n.  Long 
fibrous  elrrus  elouds.  supposed  to  Indicate  rain. 

mure  on  in  sleep:  now  only  In  the  compound 

nightmare. 

Ma-ren'go,  1  m»-ren'go:  2  ma-rfn'gO,  n.  A  village  In  Pied- 
mont; here  Napoleon  defeated  the  Austrlans,  1800. 

mar'e-schalt,  n.     A  marshal. 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  habit;    aisle;    aw  out;    ell;    iu  =  feud;    <Hiin;    eo;    n  =  sino-    fhin    ttiiq        maniif 
487       2:  wolf,  dQ;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but.   burn;   611,  bdy;  go"  gem;  -ink';    thin,'   Su!       maroon 


marg.,  abbr.    Margin,  marginal. 

Mar'ga-ret,  1  nmr'ga-ret;  2  mar'ga-ret,  n.  1.  M.  of  Anjou 
(1430-1482);  wife  of  Henry  VI.  of  England.  2.  M.  or 
France,  or  Valols  (1553-1615);  daughter  of  Henry  II.,  and 
wife  of  Henry  IV.,  of  France.  3.  M.  of  Navarre  (1492- 
1549) ;  sister  of  Francis  I.  of  France;  queen  of  Navarre. 

mar'ga-rin,  1  mdr'ga-rin;  2  mar'ga-rin,  n.  Any  imitation  of 
butter  whether  containing  butter  or  not.  [<  Gr.  margaros, 
pearl=oyster.)    mar'ga-rlnet. 

mar'gay,  1  mur'ge;  2  mar'ga,  n.  One  of  various  South*  and 
Central=Anierican  striped  and  spotted  wildcats,  especially 
the  long=tailed  Felis  tigrina.     [Braz.l  mar'jayt. 

marge,  1  marj;  2  marg,  n.  [Poet.]  Same  as  margin.    [F.] 

mar 'gent,  1  mar'jent;  2  mar'gent.  I.  a.  Marginal.  II.  n. 
1.  A  marginal  note.    2t.  A  margin.     [Var.  of  margin.] 

mar'gin,  1  mdr'jin;  2  mar'gin,  n.  1.  A  boundmg»line; 
border;  verge;  brink;  edge.  2.  An  allowance,  provi- 
sion, or  reservation  for  contingencies  or  changes.  3. 
Range  or  scope.  4.  Com.  The  difference  between  the 
cost  of  an  article  and  its  selling  price.  5.  A  sum  de- 
posited with  a  broker  to  protect  him  against  loss  in  buy- 
ing and  selling  for  his  principal.  [  <  L.OF  margo,  brink.] 
Syn.:  beach,  border,  boundary,  brim,  brink,  confines,  edge, 
limit,  lip,  marge,  shore,  skirt,  verge.    See  bank;  boundary. 

mar'gi-nal,  1  mdr'ji-nal;  2  mar'gi-nal,  a.  Pertaining  to 
or  constituting  a  margin;  placed  on  the  margin. — mar"- 
gi-na'li-a,  n.  pi.    Marginal  notes. 

mar 'grave,  1  mdr'grev;  2  mar'grav,  n.  A  German  noble- 
man corresponding  to  the  English  marquis.  [F.,  <  G. 
markgraf,  <  mark,  border,  +  graf.  count.] — mar'gra-vate, 
n.  The  territory  of  a  margrave,  mar-gra'vi-atej. — 
mar 'gra- vine,  n.    The  wife  or  widow  of  a  margrave. 

mar'gue-rite,  1  mar'ga-rlt;  2  mar'ge-rit,  n.  A  daisy; 
oxeye  daisy.     [F.,  ult.  <  Gr.  margaros,  pearl=oyster.] 

Ma-ri'a  The-re'sa,  1  ma-rt'a  te-re'za;  2  ma-ri'a  te-re'ga 
(1717-1780).  Empress  of  Germany;  wife  of  Emperor  Fran- 
cis I.;  last  of  the  Hapsburgs. 

Ma"rie',  1  ma"rl';  2  ma-re',  n.  1.  M.  Antoinette  (1755- 
1793),'queen  of  France;  wife  of  Louis  XVI.;  executed  by  the 
Jacobins.  2.  M.  de  Medici  (1573-1642),  second  wife  of 
Henry  IV.  of  France  and  mother  of  Louis  XIII. 

mar'i-gold,  1  mar'i-gold;  2  mar'i-gold,  n.  A  plant  with 
golden=yellow  flowers,  of  the  aster  family.  [  <  the  Vir- 
gin Mary  +  gold.] 

ma-rine',  1  ma-rin';  2  ma-rin'.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  the 
sea;  pelagic;  nautical.  Syn.:  see  nautical.  II.  n.  1.  A 
soldier  serving  on  a  war=vessel.  2.  Shipping,  or  shipping 
interests  generally.  3.  A  sea^picture  or  =paintiug.  [<  L.F 
marinus,  <  mare,  sea.] 

mar'i-ner,  1  mar'i-nar;  2  mar'i-ner,  n.  One  who  navi- 
gates or  assists  in  navigating  a  ship;  a  sailor,  mar'i- 
neert;  mar'i-neret.     Syn.:  see  sailor. 

Ma"ri-oI'a-try,  1  me"n-el'a-tn;  2  rmfri-ora-try,  n.  The 
worship  of  Mary,  the  mother  of  Christ:  an  opprobrious 
term.  [<  Gr.il/aria,  Mary,  4-  latreia,  worship,  <  latron, 
hire.]  [American  Revolutionary  general. 

Mar'i-on,  1  mar'i-an;  2  mar'i-on,  Francis  (1732-1795).    An 

mar"i-o-nette',  1  mar"i-o-net';  2  mar"i-o-net',  n.  A 
puppet  moved  by  strings,  as  on  a  mimic  stage.  [  <  F. 
marionnetle,  for  Mariolctte,  dim.  of  Mariole,  small  Image  of 
Virgin  Mary,  <  Marie,  Mary.] 

Mar"i-po'sa,  1  mar"i-po'sa;  2  mar'l-po'sa,  n.  A  county  In 
central  California;  it  contains  the  Yosemite  Valley  and  the 
big  trees. 

mar'lsh,  1  mar'is"h;  2  mar'ish.  [Poet,  or  Obs.]  I.  a.  Marshy; 
boggy;  also,  growing  in  marshes,  as  plants.  II.  n.  A  marsh; 
fen.    [OF.] 

mar'i-tal,  1  mar'i-tal;  2  mar'i-tal,  a.  Pertaining  to  a 
husband  or  to  marriage.  [  <  L.  maritalis,  <  maritus, 
husband.) 

mar'i-time,  1  mar'i-tim  or  -taim;  2  mar'i-tlm  or  -tim,  a. 
Situated  on  or  near  the  sea;  pertaining  to  the  Bea;  ma- 
rine. [F.,  <  L.  marltimus,  <  marc,  sea. |  Syn.:seeNAi  i  km.. 

Ma'ri-us,  1  me'n-us;  2  ma'rl-tis,  (alus  (157-86  B.  C).  A 
Roman  general;  seven  times  consul. 

mar'jo-ram,  1  mfir'jo-rem;  2  mar'jo-ram,  ».  A  peren- 
nial culinary  herb  of  the  mini  familj  with  oblong  spikes 
of  flowers.  [<  F.  marjolainc,  <  Gr.  amaralcos,  mar- 
joram.] 

mark',  1  mark;  2  mark,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  make  a  mai  I  or 
marks  on;  designate,  2.  To  produce  by  means  of 
marks;  make  by  writing,  drawing,  or  the  like.  3.  To 
register  or  enumerate.  4.  Togi  i  marl  to.  5.  To  pay 
particular  attention  to;  need;  n  rd  a  ■  ■  cbibi 
( !ompare  cibci  mscribe.  II.  1.  i  To  ps  peclal  atten- 
tion; give  heed.    2.  To  keep  score  or  tall]      mark'er,  n. 

mark1,  n,    1.  A  visible  trace  or  impre    ton,  produced  bj 

drawing,  stamping,  etc.,  as  a  line,  dot,  spot,  or  the  M  Q 
'£.  A  character  used  to  fix  a  student '    grade      3.   i.  token; 
badge;  characteristic.     4.  A  target;  goal,     S.   I' 
tion;  eminence,    0.  Same  as  MAityuii.    7.  Au  observiug 


or  noting;  heed.  8.  Eng.  Hist.  A  piece  of  land  held  in 
common  by  a  body  of  kindred  freemen.  [  <  \S  m,  arc 
mark.)  Syn.:  badge,  characteristic,  finger-print,  footprint' 
impress,  impression,  indication,  line,  manifestation  print' 
sign,  stamp,  symbol,  token,  trace,  track  vestige  SeeAm- 
characteristic;  letter;  sign:  trace. 

—God  save  or  bless  the  mark:  save  (he  mark!  ejacu- 
lations of  deprecation,  irony,  scorn,  or  humorous  surprize- 
used  originally  of  a  good,  then  ironically  of  a  bad  marks^ 
man. 

mark-,«  1.  A  German  coin,  worth  about  24  cents  Set 
cop.  2.  A  former  silver  coin  of  Scotland,  worth  about 
27j  cents.  3.  An  Anglo-Saxon  money  of  account,  worth 
$3.23.  4.  A  former  European  unit  of  weight,  equal  to 
256.27  grains.    [<  AS.  marc,  weight.] 

Mark',  n.  1.  One  of  the  four  Evangelists,  i.  The  gospel 
narrative  written  by  him. 

Mark  An'to-ny,  1  an'to-m:  2  an'to-ny  (83-30  B.C.).     \  lio- 
man  general  and  triumvir  with  Octuvius  and   l.epldus;  in 
Shakespeare's   Julius    ClBSar   and    Antonu   <; 
Mar'cus  An-to'ni-ust.     See  Arm  \i 

marked,  >1  markt;  2  miirkt,  pa.     Brought  prominently  to 

markf,  j  notice;  distinguished;  prominent.— mark'ed-Iy, 
adv.    In  a  marked  manner,     mark'ed-ness,  n 

mar'ketJ,  1  mar'ket ;  2  maVkSt,  vt.  &  vi.  To  take  or  send 
to  market;  buy,  sell,  or  deal  in  a  market.  — mar'kcl- 
a-bl(er,  a.  Salable;  in  demand.— mar'ket-er,  «.  tine  u  bo 
buys  or  sells  in  a  market. 

mar'ket,  n.  1.  A  place  where  merchandise  is  exposed  for 
sale.  2.  The  state  of  trade  as  determined  by  prices, 
supply,  and  demand:  traffic;  sale.  ;{.  A  locality  or 
country  where  anything  can  he  bought  or  sold.  |  <  AS. 
market,  <  L.  mercatus,  pp.  of  meteor,  trade.)  mar'ket > 
cross",  n.  A  cross  set  UP  where  a  market  is  held:  often  an 
important  monument  in  European  towns 

marks'man,  1  marks'man;  2  marks'man,  n.  [makks'- 
men,  pi.]  One  who  shoots  at  a  mark,  with  reference  to 
his  skill. — niarks'maii-ship,  n.  The  marksman's 
skill  or  art. 

Mark  Twain,  1  twen:  2  twiln.  Pseudonym  of  Samuel  l  ang- 
horne  Clemens  (1835-1910),  American  humorist. 

marl,  1  marl;  2  miirl,  vt.  To  wrap,  as  a  rope,  with  spun  yarn 
or  marline,  knotted  at  each  turn.  [<  I),  marten,  <  tmulljn; 
see  marline,  n.\ 

marl,  n.  An  earthy  deposit  containing  lime,  day,  and 
sand,  used  as  a  fertilizer.  [<  L.OF mwrga,  marl.]  mar- 
la 'ceous,  a.  Resembling  or  containing  marl.,  marl'),  a. 
Resembling  or  of  the  nature  of  marl;  abounding  In  marl. 

Marl'bor-ougii,  1  mfirl'bur-o  «r  marl'bre;  2  marl'bor-o  «r 
marl'bro,  Duke  of  ( 1650  1722).  John  <  hurchlll.  an  Kngllsli 
general;  defeated  French  a1  Blenheim,  Aug.  13,  1704. 

mar 'line, )  1  mar'hn;  2  mar 'fin,  n.    A  small  rope  ,.i  two 

mar'lin8,  )  strtmds  loosely  twisted  together:  used  for 
winding  ropes,  cables,  eto.  [<  D.  marren,  bind,  +  lijn, 
line.) — mar'line-spike",    n.       A    sharp»polnti 


Mar'mi-on,  i  mfir'nu-iin:  2  miir'ml  on.  Lord,      rhe 


Mai  lino 


hero  of  a  romantic  martial    poem  or    this  name  lo      »n|]cM 
Sir  Waller  Scott 
Mar'mo-ra,    I    tnur'mo-rn;  :.'  mar'nio  ta.  Sei  <>t.       \ 

tween  Europe  and  Asia,  communicating  bj  the  i 
with  the  Black  Sea,  and  bj  theDard  inelles  wlththi    I 
sea;  160  bj  60  no 
mar-mo're-al,  1  mar-mO'n  b1; 
ing  to,  made  of.  or  resembling  marble.    [<  L.  marm 

MAKiti.i:  I     mar-iiio'ri-aii ;. 

mar'ino-set,  1  mar'mo-set;  2  ml  ' 

South'Amerioan    monkey    with     oft,    woollj    I 
squirrel«monkey.    '-'i-   ^nj    imall  monkey     31.  |] 
an  ugly  little  fellow,    |<  >F i<  I    mar'nrio-K 

mar'mot,  1  mai  'met;  2  n    rmot  I, 

tailed,   bui  row  ing  rodenl   ol   mountain  regit  '■'•    \ 

relate, i  rodent,  a    I  lii    prairie-d  maty 

tonus,  mountain  i se.j 

Marne,  1  mflrn;  2  marn,  a.    A  river  In        i 

i„      to    the    Seine      :  eel f    I  i,  i  r,,  ,n    | 

Brlti  ■■hi 

ma-roon',  i 

abandon,  <"'r 

u  ho  i    tnarooni  d 
ma-roon',  a      Having  the  color  maroon,    [•    it     mar- 

ma-roon'  .        I.  A  dull*red  oolor.    t-  A  ooaWai 
Biuif.    3.  A  marron. 


m.»--l>  r 


11.1  11      n      but,  bOrni 

.      i         i  i       .  ,  isft,  1161.  or,  wdn,       4SH 


I 


in  ii    ro-quln 


in  .r  .(ii.  i-r> . 


|.  I  I.  r-    ..I 

hi  I-  land*, 

M  ir-tjm-'- 


m  ir   k.  l-TJ 

J  <•  qui  - 

I 

Mill     l| 

I.  urying, 

:;iii';  a  nuptial 

m,  wed- 
ihe  aci 

l  ho  cere- 

ng  the  more  tor- 

.:.t.:  bach- 

rglnlty,  wldow- 

s;  of  one 

■    . 

bui  ri.-.i.  l.  Pertaining  to 

•  Ided. 
i 

2,  I    ■  color  <>f 
uthern  1  iirope: 
ON,  a.) 


m.ir-r i 

mar  rn«  . 


1 . 

th.    (  <  AS 

marr  m.ir  r..»    bOQi  I  ig  mar- 

row      '.'.  m.ir 'ruw-fat,   n. 

mar  'row-ll    -.  Itute  of 

marr  nni  r..»->.         Full  Of  man 

ni.irr..  .  r.     [-BIED;  -BT-DfQ.]     I.  L 

i   in  matrin 

:.    .  .!i  wed- 

i .  ">.  d  end  to 

II.  i. 
•I     |  <  I.  ' 

mir'r) .  ration:  a 

corru;  I 
M»r'r>-al.    |  nm       '     .    I  I 

^I  i  r  - .  .  I .  i.'i.t  from  the 

M  ir    -■  il-l.ii-'.  I  1 

Mir        ,1-lu-.. 

I.  inhnbi- 

II.         I . 

I  rench  repul  i 

•<in  fub- 
•n  nw-l  pa--- 
Mar— « -ill.  -  n  lal  ami 

sea;  M  .r--.  III. 

marsh, 

mar-li '  ih.ir"- 
rl-'-r,   -. 

in     ! i  i  .\  k  .  ■        1 
.' 

m»r-h  in  ii  "|.,h  .        i  mallow  family. 

'     -n  trili  plant       rriar-h  '> .  Per 

in.ir-h  'l-n.  •-. 
'H  ir  -iiil.  2  mar'sbal.     I.  rf.  &  ri.     |mak'- 


•  I     1  IN..   |       I. 

'. 
Iilini  .   nam      3.    ro  i  ome  t..- 
II.  I.    \     officer  authoi 

I    \" 

bi  ad  ..i  the 

:t.  \  mili- 

■     .   i       j        OP 

in  ir  sh.il-rr.    in.ir'shal-lrr,    H       m.ir  '-b.il- 

■hlpi 

Mir    -hill,    i  I     J..I111 

■  tan  and  |udj 
i  in. in. i-   itn  >  •.  mi    American    lawyer;  Vloe* 

1013  ). 

in  ir    - 1 1  1 1-  -.   i .    1    !...  i    -    ,..l     i  i 

:.  under  the  authorlt)  o(  the  i  ; 
Mir  -i. .ii  Moor,  1  \   place  Id  York- 

i  Aherc  (  romwell   defoated   the   Royalists, 

H.i  i. 

in.ir--ii  pl-a.  ...       PI  n  M 

inar--u   |il-al.    1  I.  a,      I. 

Having  a  maraupium.    '!.  <  'I  ..r  pertaining  to  thi 

i  .,i  the  nature  .if  a  maraupium  or  pouch. 

II.         \  ■    immal,  aa  an  opoaaum,  having  a  maraupium. 

M.ir— ii'  pi-. i  il-a.    •.  !.'■  \n    order   of    mammals 

having  a  maraupium,  like  the  kangaroos,  opossums,  eto, 

I  Mar— u"pl-a'ta:. 

mar— ll  'pl-.i  ll-aii.  mar— u'pl-.in,        .\    • 

1 1 1 .i r — ii  pi-uin,    i    mar-eiu'pi-rjm;   2   m&r-flu'pi-um,    n. 
|-n-\,  pi )    An  external  pouch  ..i  certain  mammal-,  for 
oung,    |l..) 
Mar'ay-as,   l   marin-aa;  2  mflr'ay-aa,  n      A   Phrygian 
satyr  and  flute*player,  who  was  defeated  in  a  n 
it .  and  Bayed  alive  by  Apollo, 
marit,.     i.i    To  trade  In  or  with.    II.  i    To  trafflo. 
in  in  .  i  mart:  2  mart.  n.    A  plaoe  of  publlo  trafflo;  market. 

•r   from  KARXKT.] 

marl-,  n.  1.  Martlnm  '.'.  Prw  Eng  S  Scol  I  A  beef 
or  other  animal,  especlallj  one  slaughtered  al  Martinmas 
time.    [Abbr.  of  Mabtikiiab.]    mairi:. 

mart    '.  n.      Battle;  "ar;  also  |M-].  Mars,   tin-  god  of  battle. 

■  [an.] 

mar'tel,  i  mar'tel;  2  mar'tel,  r>.  A  hammer,  as  a  weapon  or 
heraldic  bearing.  [F.,  <  I.,  martulut,  dun.  of  marctu,  ham- 
mer.] 

mar-tel  'lo  (oh  'er,  l  inar-tri'ii; 2  m&r-tel'o  .\n  Isolated  circu- 
lar tower  of  masonry,  formerly  erected  on  roasts  for  defense 
agalnsl  invasion.    [<  Sfortello  Point,  In  Corsica.] 

martin,  l  mfir/ten;  2  m&r'ten,  a.  1.  A  weaaeMike  fur- 
yielding  carnivorous  annual.  '£.  The  fur  ol  a  marten. 
i    marie.] 

Mar'llia.  1  tnnr'tlia;  2  miir'tlia.  n  Bib  I  rlend  of  Jesus  and 
it  Lazarus  and  Mary.     Luke  \,  38. 

Mar'llia'-  Vlne'jard.  An  Island  off  the  south  coast  of 
Massachusetts:  length  i\  m. 

martial.  1  ■  .•'  I  •!;  2  mar'slial,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to, 
connected  with,  or  suggestive  of  war  or  military  opera- 
tions. '1.  |.M-]  .Martian.  (<  L.  Sfar(f-)s,  Mars,  god  of 
war]  S.\il:  BOB  wakmkk.  mar'llal-lsni,  n.  —  mar'llal- 
Ist,  n. 

Mar'llal,  n.  A  Latin  epigrammatist  (107-100?);  Epigrams. 
Mann-  Valerius  MardalN;. 

Mar'tian,  i  mdr'shsn;  L!  inar'siiaii.  a.  Pertaining  to  Mars, 
the  Roman  god  of  war  or  the  planet 

inar'tii),  1  nior'tin;  2  niar'tin,  n.  1.  A  bird  of  the  swal- 
low variety,  having  a  tail  less  forked  than  the  common 
swajj  .'.      in.-  bird  likened  to  a  true  martin,  aa  a 

kingbird  or  chimneyewift.    [<  Martin,  man's  nam.) 

Martin.  >alnt       1167-391  ip  Of    lours;   regarded 

■  i  re ne 1 1  people  as  the  patron  saint  of  i  ranee 
Mar'ti-neaii.  1  mar/tI-nS;2  mSr'tl-no.  n.    1.  Harriet  (1S02- 
an  English  writer     2,  fames     1 80S   1900),  an  En- 
'■  r  and  writer;  .s.'j(  o]  Authority  in  Religion. 
m:ir"tl-not ',  1  mar*ta-net' or  mdr/ti-net;2  m:ir"ti 

mar'i  i-in"  i .  ciplinarian:    usually  in  a 

derogatory  at  nse.  [<  Martinet,  a  I  n  m  b  g<  Deral.l 
mar 'I  in-Kalc,  1  mdr'tin-gS]  »r  mor'tuj-gel;  2  mar'tin- 
C'al  or  mar'titj-gal,  n.  I.  A  forked  -trap  for  holding 
down  a  horse's  head  by  connecting  the  head«gear  with 
the  belly. |, and.  '4.  Naut.  A  vertical  spar  under  the 
prii  used  in  guying  the  stays.    |f*  ]    niar'Un-gai;. 

Mar"tl-nli|ue'.  1   m>ir*ti-nlk':  2  mar'tl-iiik',  n.     An  Island  In 
rench  West  Indies;  3X0  so.  m.;  pop.  194, 0UO;  capital, 
tort  de  1  ranee. 
Mar'tln-ma-.   1    mOr'tUl-ma      '..'  inar'lln-mas,  n.     A  festival 
In  honor  ol  St.  Martin  of  Krance  (about  316-400),  thai  was 
formerly  celebrated  Nov.  11. 
martlet',  l   martlet;  2  mart'let,  n.    1.  same  as  martin. 
-.sit  I,  n..  1.     [<   F.  martinet,  dim.  of  martin, 
M  i  B  : 

marnetJ,  n.  Her.  A  martin  or  swallow  without  feet:  used  as 


.„_        l:a  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  sires;    fhin,   this.      maroon 
4»»       2:wplf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cOre,   bOt,   bflrn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.       massive 


a  bearing,  a  crest,  etc.  [  <  OF.  merlette,  dim.  of  merle,  black- 
bird. <  L.  merula,  blackbird.) 

mar'tyr,  1  mar'tar;  2  mar'tyr.  I.  vt.  1.  To  punish  with 
death  because  of  one's  Christian  faith,  or  for  adherence 
to  any  cause;  persecute;  torture.  2.  To  pursue  with 
deadly  cruelty.  mar'tyr-izet:.  II.  n.  1.  One  who 
submits  to  death  rather  than  forswear  his  religion,  or 
who  suffers  for  any  object  or  cause.  2.  One  who  suffers 
much  or  long,  as  from  ill  health.  3.  A  former  instru- 
ment of  torture.  [<  Gr.  martyr,  witness.] — mar'tyr- 
dom,  n.  1.  The  condition  or  fate  of  a  martyr.  2.  Protract- 
ed or  extreme  suffering. — mar"tyr-ol'o-gIst,  re.  One  who 
writes  of  martyrs. — mar"tyr-ol'o-gy,  n.  [-gies  ,  pi.]  A 
historical  record  of  martyrs. — mar"tyr-o-log'ic,  mar"- 
tyr-o-log'i-cal,  a. 

mar-ve'diet,  n.    Same  as  maravedi. 

mar'vel,  1  mar'vel;  2  mar'vfl.     I.  vt.  &  vi.    [-veled  or 

-VELLED,   -VELD8;   -VEL-ING   Or  -VEL-LING.]      To   WODder 

at  or  about;  be  affected  with  wonder,  astonishment, 
surprize,  etc.  II.  n.  That  which  excites  wonder;  a 
prodigy.  [  <  OF.  merveille,  <  L.  mirabilia,  <  miror, 
wonder.)  Syn.:  see  prodigy. — mar'vel-ous,  a.  Of  a  char- 
acter to  excite  astonishment  or  amazement,  mar'vel- 
lous;.  Syn.:  see  extraordinary. — mar'vel-(l)ous-ly, 
adv.— mar'vel-(l)ous-ness,  n. 

Marx,  1  marks;  2  marks,  Karl  (181S-1883).  A  German  so- 
cialist and  writer;  Das  Kapital. — Marx'i-an,  a. — Marx'- 
ist,  re. 

Ma'ry,  1  me'n;  2  ma'ry,  n.  1.  Either  of  two  queens  of  En- 
gland: (1)  M.  I.  (Tudor)  (1516-155S),  daughter  of  Henry 
VIII. ;(2)  M.  II.  (Stuart)  (1662-1694),  daughter  of  James  II. 
and  wife  of  William  III.,  who  reigned  jointly  with  her.  See 
England.  2.  M.  Magdalene,  a  devoted  disciple  of  Jesus. 
Luke  viii.  2;  John  xx,  1-18.  See  Magdalen,  1.  3.  M. 
Queen  of  Scots  (Stuart)  (1542-15S7),  daughter  of  James  V. 
of  Scotland;  beheaded  by  Queen  Elizabeth.— The  Virgin 
Mary,  Mary,  the  mother  of  Jesus. 

Ma'ry-land,  1  mer't-land;  2  mer'y-Iand.  n.  A  middle  Atlantic 
State  of  the  United  States;  12,210  sq.  m.;  pop.  1,368.240; 
capital,  Annapolis. 

mas.,  masc,  abbr.    Masculine. 

mas'cot,  1  mas'kat;  2  mas'eot,  n.  [Colloq.]  A  person, 
animal,  or  thing  thought  to  bring  good  luck  by  its  pres- 
ence.    [  <  F.  mascotte,   <  Pr.  mascotto,  witchcraft.] 

mas'cu-line,  1  1  masTau-lin;  2  mas'cu-lin,  a.     1.  Dis- 

mas'cu-Iin9,  J  tinctively  manly  or  manlike.  2.  Gram. 
Being  of  the  male  gender,  natural  or  grammatical.  3. 
[Archaic,  except  in  Bot.]  Male;  staminate.  [  <  L.  mas- 
culinus,   <  masculus,   <  mas,  a  male.] 

Syn.:  male,  manful,  manlike,  manly,  mannish,  virile.  We 
apply  male  to  the  sex,  masculine  to  the  qualities,  especially 
to  the  stronger,  hardier,  and  more  Imperious  qualities  that 
distinguish  the  male  sex;  as  applied  to  wo'men,  masculim  ims 
often  the  depreciatory  sense  of  unwomanly,  rude,  or  harsh; 
as,  a  masculine  face  or  voice,  or  the  like;  tho  one  may  say  in 
a  commendatory  way,  she  acted  with  masculine  courage  or 
decision.  Manlike  may  mean  only  having  the  outward 
appearance  or  semblance  of  a  man,  or  may  be  closely  equiv- 
alent to  manly.  Manly  refers  to  all  the  qualities  and  traits 
worthy  of  a  man;  manful,  especially  to  the  valor  and  prowess 
that  become  a  man;  we  speak  of  a  manful  struggle,  manly 
decision;  we  say  manly  gentleness  or  tenderness;  we  could 
not  say  manful  tenderness.  Mannish  is  a  depreciatory  word 
referring  to  the  mimicry  or  parade  of  some  superficial  qual- 
ities of  manhood;  as,  a  mannish  boy  or  woman.  Masculine 
may  apply  to  the  distinctive  qualities  of  the  male  sex  at  any 
age;  virile  applies  to  the  distinctive  qualities  of  mature  man- 
hood only,  as  opposed  not  only  to  fi ■minliir  or  inimtintu  bill 
to  childish,  and  is  thus  an  emphatic  word  tor  sturdy,  In- 
trepid, etc. — Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  FEMININE. 

— mas'cu-lin (e-Iys,  adv.  —  mas'cu-lln(c-ncssB,  n. — 
mas"cu-lin'l-ty,  n. 

mash',  1  mash;  2  mash,  vt.  1.  To  reduce  to  a  soft  bate, 
as  by  bruising.  2.  To  convert  into  mash,  as  grain.  3. 
(Slang. ]  To  flirt  with—  mush  'it,  n. 

masl),  1  mash;  2  mash,  n.  1.  A  mass  of  somel  liing  beaten 
or  soaked  into  a  soft  state,  as  a  mixture  of  bran  .'111(1 
water,    for    feeding    cattle;.       'J.    Hrnrinu.    Crushed    or 

ground  grain  or  malt,  infused  in  hoi  water  to  produce 
wort.  [< AS. max- (in maxwyrt, ma  h  wort);cp  mix,  t  ] 

mash'liii,  1  masn'hn;  2  mfish'lln,  n  [Dial.,  Bcol  I  Mixed 
grain.    [<  OF.  mestillon,  till        i.  mi  ceo,  mix.] 

mask',  1  musk;  i>  mask,  vt.  &  vi.    To  conceal  with  or  as 

with  a  ina-k;  put  on  or  wear  a  ma    I 

Syn.:   cloak,    conceal,    cover,    disguise,    dissemble,    hide, 
masquerade,  pretend,  screen,     broud,   veil,     see  bide. 
Ant.:  betray,  communicate;  declare,  disclose,  dlvul 

hlblt,  explain,  expose,  lay  open,  make  known,  publish,  re- 
veal, show,  tell,    sec  Hint;      masked,  pa      mask'lng,  n 

mask,  n.    1.  A  cover  or  disguise,  as  for  thi  featui 

tection.  2.  A  subterfuge.  3.  A  east  of  the  face  taken 
just  after  death.    4.  A  play,  formerly  in  vogue,  in  which 


actors  wore  masks;  masquerade.    5.  A  masker.    [<  Ar. 

Bp+F maskharat,  buffoon.]    masque;.     Syn.:  see  pretense! 

— mask'er,  n.     One  who  wears  a  mask,     inax'quer'.. 

mas'ki-nongc,  1  mas'ki-nonj  or  inas'ki-mmj';  3  mas'kl- 
nong  or  mas'ki-nong'.  n.  A  large  Xorth- American  pike. 
[<  Algonkian  maskinonae,  <  mas.  ere  \>Wk- 

erel.)     mas'ca-longe::  mus'ka-longc:.    See  FISH. 

ma'son,  1  me'sn;  2  ina'sn,  n.  1.  <  ine  who  lays  brick  and 
stone  in  building;  also,  a  stone-cutter.  2.  [M-]  A  mem- 
ber of  the  order  of  Freemasons.  [  <  F.  macon,  <  ( >  H  ( '■ 
mezzo,  mason.)— Ma-son 'lc,  a.  Pertaining  to  Masons  or  to 
Freemasonry.— ma'son-ry,  n.  [-bibs*,  ;>/.]  l.  The  art  or 
work  of  building  with  brick  or  stone.  2.  That  which  is  built 
by  masons  or  of  materials  such  as  masons 
Freemasonry.  [and  Confederal.,  statesman. 

Ma'son,  James  Murray  (1798-1871).    An  American  lawyer 

Mas'o-ra,  1  mas'o-ro  or  ma-sO'ra;  2  mas'o-ra  or  ina-so'ra.  n. 

1.  A  collection  of  criticisms  and  marginal  notes  to  the  Old 
Testament,  made  by  Jewish  writers  previous  to  the   loth 
century.    2.  [m-]  The  tradition  relied  on  bv  the  .lews  to  pre- 
serve the  Old  Testament    text   from  corruption       [Heh  | 
Mas"o-ret'ic  or  -I-cal,  a.    Mas"so-re( 'lc  or  -1-cal;. 

masque,  mas'quer.    Same  as  \i\sk,  uasker. 
mas"quer-ade',  1  mns*kdr-Sd';  2  mas"ker-&d'.     I.  n. 

[-AD'EDd;-AD'lNc;.]  To  wear  a  disguise  II.  e  I.  Aso- 
cial party  composed  of  persons  masked  and  OOStumed. 

2.  A  false  show  or  disguise,  3.  A  form  of  dramatic  repre- 
sentation formerly  in  vogue.  [F]  Syn.:  see  m\sK.  mas"- 
quer-ad'er,  n. 

mass',  1  mas;  2  mas,  vt.  &  vi.  To  form  into  a  mass 
mass1,  re.  1.  An  assemblage  of  tilings  thai  collectively 
make  one  quantity.  2.  A  body  of  concrete  matter;  a 
lump.  3.  The  principal  part  of  anything.  4.  Extent  of 
volume.  5.  Physics.  The  measure  or  expression  of 
quantity  of  matter  in  a  body,  as  indicated  either  by  its 
weight  or  by  the  amount  of  force  aeoessary  to  produce  a 
given  amount  of  motion  in  the  body  in  a  given  time. 
[<  F.  masse,  <  L.  massa,   <  Or.  maza,  barley  cake  ] 

Syn.:  aggregate,  bod  .v.  bulk,  heap,  I  urn  p.  ma  iter,  substance, 
total,  totality,  whole      See    AGORBOATB;  HEAP;  THRONG 

— mass ''meeting,  n.    \  public  meeting  to  whlott  ■ 
one  is  privileged  to  go.     mass'y,  a.    Consisting  of  a  mass  or 
masses;  massive:  big.     mass'l-neSS,  n       (he  masses,  the 

common  people;  populace.    Syn.:  see  hob. 

mass2,  n.  1.  The  celebration  of  the  eucharisl  in  the  Ro- 
man Catholic  Church.  2.  Mus.  A  musical  service 
rendered  with  the  mass.  [<  AS,  mass.,  <  1. 1.,  nttia, 
dismissal.)-  mass'=pen"iij  [,  re.  An  offering  at  the  altar. 
masse  'spen"yt. 

Mass.,  abbr.     Massachusetts  (official). 

Mas"sa-chu 'sells,  1  mas"a-e"hfi'scts:  2  mas'a-chu'scts.  r>  A 
State  of  the  N.  E.  United  States;  8.266  sq.  m.;  pop  :(.7I7.- 
564:  capital.  Boston. 

mas'sa-cre,    1    mas'a-ker;    2    mfls'a-ker,    vt.      I 
-cuing]     To  kill  with  fury  and  in  great  um 
Syn.:  see  kill. 

mas'sa-cre,  re.     The  indiscriminate  killing  of  human 

beings,  as  in  savage  warfare;  reckless  slaughter.     I  I    . 

LG.  malsken,  hew.] 

Syn.:  butchery,  carnage,  havoc,  slaughtei      \ 
the  Indiscriminate  killing  in  numbers  of  tho  unresisting 
fenseless;  butchi  ry  is  the  killing  of  men  rudel]  and  rui  hit 

as  cattle  arc  killed  In  the  shamM 

complete  as  massacre,  nor  so  coldl    I  iutchery,  but  Is 

more  widely  spread  and  furious 

and  may  be  applied  to  organlsatlc  etc    as  well 

as  to  human  life.    Carnapi  (Latin  caro,  carni 

to  widely  scattered  or  heaped   up  corpses  ol   J»< 

Slaughter  Is  similar  In  meal ilm;,  but   reft  rS  PC  lo  ll  I 

ess,  as  carnagt  does  to  tie   n   ui two   ■         onlj  ol 

the  group  maj  i"  used  of  gn  itd<    tmotlon  of  llfo  In  open  and 

honorable    bat  He.   a   .    i  he    .  oem 

slaughter,  oi  tht  i  orrlblo     mas'sa-erer, 

mas-sage'.  I  '•'.  \. 

dial  t reat men!  ci  i  inipulal ion  ol  a  pari 

the  u  hole  ol  t  he  body  » ith  the  bands     !  i 
i      c  .■  i  oi  ad  i    mas-sage',  n     mas'seui 

One  who  ma    ages     mas-sag'lstj.     m«s"ieui>o', 

Mas'sa-soM" ,   1    me  '    .  '•'        \"    ^' 

Indian  chit  I 
Mas"se"n.-r.  1  tndi  •  1817) 

\  prench  marshal  undi  on  1 

Mas"sc-ncl ',    I     i.  lilies    I  mil,     l>. 

derlc  (1842   1912)      \  Frencl 

nias-se'ler,  I   ma     ;  I 

\nr\  iniiscie  oonneoted  w  Itli  tin  lowc  i 

a  chew,        masaomai,  ohm  I     m.i-' -e-ieric,  nu 

ler-ln  ■■ 
Mas'sln-ger.  |  Philip 

•1     Mil'lV 

niiisMic,  i  I  mo.'iv  ,  2  ma       .        1. 1 

mag'sh  •  I  ■■'       i"""1  '  "•  '  •  '" ''" 


1 1 1 .1  - 1 

M  .ivlliilll  in 


(lt»t:   C*<     I  I  I  (ill!,  rOlc;    I. IK.  hOrn; 

>  i        i  IK  I  ill  i Mill,    I 'Ml 


witlimit 


in... I   .  1 

' 

I 
ltia-1    lr-.    .  lino    In    Id     .  I 

• 
lllj-l    , 

-ICH.1    . 

BUI    I  ■  r,  II.  |)  ulliliT 

lUglll) 

II  ill.         I.  \  male 

i  bo  has 

i. 

I 

•  |i  gentleman 

lie  title 

I  iloi-tiir.     I  ■ 

1  -;>ot.  director, 
ailer.  lord,  m 
principal,    proprietor, 

-      PI  HIS 

ill.    dependent, 
•  Tvllor. 

iti » - 1 .  r  luiiid.  r.     i  tor  who  employs  men 

'  it  tons;  ;i 

foreman  or  ..  master  In  elianeer),  nn  officer  In 

Inquire  Into  and  report  on 

i  him,  and  to  perform  such  other 

nun        llllls'- 
U  r-. I . . 1 1 1 .  in  i-'ler-ful, 

■  of  a  master 

M  Of  an  art .  srieiice.  sllua- 
nia-'lcr-ful-l> .  ma.   t.-r-tiil-ii.-.. 

ma-  i.  r  k.  ■  mil  unlock  two  or  more 

'  .   •        bmi  'tiT-i> .  ic  nf  a  master; 

benr  ma-  i<  r-pii  1 1  ".  n     a  work  showing 

the  hand  of  a  ma-'  rodUCtlOD      ma-'lcr- 

Mork":.     ma* 'test-ship,        i.  oharacter  of  a 

•i.  \  masterpiece, 

in     -t  r..k.  .  1  .  |  worthy  ol  a 

ma.-'  or  controlling  line  In  a  plc- 

in. i-  i.  r-\  .i  ol  having  power 

and  .'.  or  the  skill  of  a 

ma.-'-         '•  .        •  im  i.i ■- 

-INMMI. 

mas't;»r-Nlrj'..r.    2    mas'ter-slni 

warns  in  .  .  i.  J]  Mediterra- 

il uable  resin  obtained  from 

' 

in. i-   ii-i  ,ii<  .  ■  •       [-cat"kuj; 

r  grind  (food)  for  deglutition; 

•  bew  ]  —  mas"ti-ra>'tii>n, 

m.i-   il-<   i    tor,  in. i-    il-i  .i-i..-r>  . 

iii. i-   1 1 1 r .  d  old  English 

bre»-:  [<      '  'I 

in.i-  io-.|.,ii.  ";-'t'.-< Ion,  n.    An  extinct 

elej.'  [  <  Gr.  ma  ■•  odout 

lll.l-      lolll. 

lui-ionl  prnn  ...  temporal  bone 

(  <  < ir.  mattoi . 

'   -rn  ) 
mi'  .  I.     '    A  ri.     [mat'tki/1;  MAI 

-  felt  into  a  mal ;  be  tangli         1 1 , 
i  ■  i  plaited,  or  made 

•   rial,  to  !>'•  lai<l  on  a  floor, 
irdboard,  for 

ma!  .  I 

meu:     II.  n     I. 

'  .    mutt.  dim.    -' 
i.i.  sMOa  tnatl   . 

-dor',  ;-<lor',   n.      In  bull- 

mat"a-«lor.  '.  ;:jll„  the  \)U\[  «;,(,  a 

mi''  ti  .  I.         1.    J  .,  put  with  :in- 

III  I'  ll   . 

;.  I. 

II.  I  imilar  or  the 

-  quality.    2.  To  !.<•  unit*   I 

If.  I;  fight. — matchless, 

That  ran  :  : .  peerless, 

match  ,  -.      1.  One  who  is  equal,  as  in  appeal 


.  suitable  mal  pair,    t,    \  ■ 

■i.  \  ■    uriagcoi  mating      i   ■   \ 
ompanion  I 

mat.  ii  .  « I  tipped  with 

bio  composition  ll  bj    friction;  al  io,  ■ 

1 1  li     |  ■    i  !i  noalo  ol 

match  lock",  Formerly,  a  muakel  fired  by 

•  i lie  powdor  In  the  pan 
in  u<  h    mil.  i  r.  I.  i  in.-  who  makes  mat.  I 

liglll  '  plan-,  man  is 

match    inik  Ing, 

III. Ill'   .  '.   I        |\(  \  l'l  O1.   \l  \  I    is..   I      I.  /        I.     I',, 

Join,  itch  <>r 

wil  li.  m  ai .  match  one  -  It   i 
II.  i     To  !"•  united  or  n 

in. iii  .    I      [mimi'1,   mu'im,  I     I.  In  chess,  to  check- 
mat-       I  int  or  confound:  defeat:  overcome;  be 
"i. it,  confounded  I    mat  'lint,  n. 

mate  .  I.    I   -  impanion  or  associate;  oomrade     '*. 

One  who  is  paired  oi  mated  with  another,  as  in  matri- 
mony :i.  \u  equal  in  a  contest;  a  match  4.  Sum. 
Kn  officer  of  a  merchant  vessel,  ranking  below  a  captain 
5.  I  8  Va  v  In  officer  next  below  a  warrant*offioer, 
win.  is  ool  in  the  Line  of  promotion.  [<  AS.  gemaca, 
...  i  \  1 1      mate  less,  a 

mi'.  :  checkmate, 

mi. l'l.-.  ;  .■  mat'i ;  2  m&'te.  or  ma t'e,  ft  An  infusion  of 
tin-  prepared  leaves  "f  s  Braslllan  holly,  much  used  as  a 
beverage  bj  the  South'Amerlcans.  [8p„  vessel  In  w  Mii-ii 
the  herb  Is  Infused.] 

mat  V-lnte.  1  01    n      A slew Of  llsli  In  wlnu 

and  oil.  with  herb  seasoning.    [P.]    mat 'e-l<itle;. 

mat'eref,  n     Matter;  sublet  mai'ert. 

ina-(e  ri-al,  i  me-tl'ri-el;  2  ma-i. -'n-al.  .i  1.  Pertaining 
to  matter;  having  a  corporeal  existence;  physical,  2. 
Pertaining  to  matter  in  a  corporeal  relation  (1)  Ef- 
fecting the  physical  nature.  (2)  Pertaining  to  the  body 
or  the  appetites;  corporeal;  sensuous;  sensual.  8.  Per- 
taining to  the  Bubject*matter;  essential;  important  4. 
Philoi    a    /......-..     Pertaining  •■  ipposed  to 

form.    5t.  Replete  with  matter  or  g I    bosi      I  <  L. 

maferia,  matter.]    Bm/seenipi  n  w.. 

nia-li- 'ri-:il,  n.  1.  Thai  of  which  anything  is  composed 
or  may  l»-  constructed,    '-i.  Specifically,  the  matter  that 

forms,  or  may  form,  a  Component    i 
tun-.      Syn.:  BOB  STOCK, 

ma-te'ri-al-lsm,  n.    I.  The  denial  of  .-my  Immaterial 

part  In  man  or  In  the  univi-rsi-.  'I.  I  'mini-  regard  for  material 
Inter.  iiia-lcTI-al-lsl,     '        ma-te"rl-al-ls'lle,    u. 

ma-ii'Ti-al-l/e  or  -Ke,  <t  .v  m  To  render  actual  and  ob- 
servable; real  B  niati-rlal  form.  ma-te"rl-al-l- 
/.r       -.a'  lion,  a       ma-tt- 'ri-al-l>,  adv.     1.  In  a  mal.  rial 

Important   manner,    'i.   in  essence  or  substance.    3. 

I  roin  B  physical  ixilnt  of  view.  ma-to'rl-al-ness,  n. 
ma-te"rl-ari-t>  t. 

ma-le'rl-a  meil'l-ea,  1  ms-tl'n-S  med'i-k;.:  L'  ina-tc'rl-a  mi  d'- 
i-.a.  I.  Tin-  branch  ol  medical  Bclence  thai  relates  to  me- 
dicinal substances,  th.-ir  nature,  uses,  effects,  etc.  '&.  The 
substances  employed  as  remedial  agents.    |i..l 

ina"ie"ri"er,  i  mu  ;  I  i<_-"ri"c-i'.  n.    Materials  col- 

lectively, as  in  military  matters:  opposed  to  per  omul.    [P.] 

iiia-ter'nal,  l  me-toVnel;  :.'  ma-ter'nal,  n  Pertaining 
to  a  mother;  motherly.  [<  L.  maternut,  <  mater, 
mother.]     ma-ter'naHy,  adr.     ma-ter  'nl-ty,  n 

i  he  condition  of  being  a  mother.-   maternity  hos- 
pital, a  lylng*ln  hospital. 

math,  1  math;  'Z  math.  "  A  mowing,  or  that  obtained  by 
mowing:  now  only  In  aftermath  and  lattermath. 

math.,  I   'i.emaiieai.  mathematics. 

ni.il li"e-nia(  'i-eal,  1  ma£h*i-mat'i-kel;  2  m&th'e-m&t'i- 

eal,  a.     Pertaining  to  or  of  tin-  nature  ol  mathematics; 

rie-i'lly   exact.      [  ^    i)r''   mail  <    manthano, 

m.-iiii'v-iiiat  ic:  [Rare],    -ly,  ado.  math"e-ma- 

II  'clan,  n.    One  versed  In  mathemat  us 

mal  h"e-mal  'ies,  1  math"i-mat'iks;  2  mat  li"'--mat'ies,  n. 
cience  thai  trea!  -  of  quantil  y,  especially  by  the  use 
mbols;  the  science  that  treat  -  ol  the  measuring  ol 

quantities  and  the  ascertainment  ol  th.-ir  properties  and 

relations.     See  SIGN,  n.  U 
Math'er,  l  matb'sr;  2  mAth'er,  n.    1.  Cotton  (1063-1728), 

an  American  clergyman  and  writer      i.  Increase  ni;:js- 
an  American  theologian  and  educ 
Ma- til 'da,  1  ma-tll'da;  S  ma-tii'da.  n     I.  Either  of  two  queens 

of  England:  (1)  (1080  nisi  daughter  ol  Malcolm  HI,  of 

:,d   and   wife  of   II.  I  I  108    I  162  .   wife  of 

en   2.  Empress  M.  (1102  1 167),  daughter  of  Henry  I, 

and  Matilda;  mot '  M  Ol  II. nr     I  I  I 

mat 'in,  1  mat'm;  'Z  m&t'in.    I.  "■.    Ol  or  belongine  to  the 

morning.     II.  ".     1.  pi.    K    C    Ch     One  ol  the  daily 

:  properly  recited  at  midnight.    2.  pi.    The  morn- 

in  Anglican  churches,    uiat'tinsj.    3.  Fig- 


1:3=  final;    I  =  habltj    aisle;    mi  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    <<hin;    go;    rj  =  sinf7;    fhin,   this.  mast 

491  2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  fijll,  rule,  cure,  but,   burn;  oil,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  Maximilian 


uratively,  any  morning  song,  as  of  a  bird.  4f.  Morning. 
[<  F.  matin,  morning.]  —  mat  'in-al.  a. — mat"I-nee',  n. 
An  entertainment  or  reception  held  in  the  daytime.    [F.] 

mat'rass,  1  mat'ras;  2  mat'ras,  n.  Chem.  A  long»necked 
round=bodied  glass  vessel  for  distilling  and  digesting.  [< 
F.  matras,  <  L.  matara,  pike.] 

mat'ri-ces,  1  mat'n-slz;  2  mat'ri-ce§,  n.    Plural  of  matrix. 

mat  'ri-clde,  1  mat'n-said;  2  mat'ri-cid,  n.  The  killing 
of  one's  mother:  also,  one  who  kills  his  mother.  [<  L. 
mater,  mother,  +  caedo,  kill.]  — mat 'ri-oi"dal,  a. 

ma-tric'u-late,  1  ma-trik'yu-let;  2  ma-trlc'yu-lat.  I. 
vt.&vi.  [-LAT"EDd; -lat"ing.]  To  admit  or  gain  admit- 
tance to  membership,  as  in  a  college,  by  enrolment. 
II.  n.  One  who  is  so  enrolled.  [  <  LL.  matricula,  dim. 
of  matrix,  public  register] — ma-tric"u-la'tion,  n. 

mat'ri-mo-ny,  1  mat'n-mo-m;  2  mat'ri-mo-ny,  n.  The 
state  or  condition  of  being  married;  marriage.  [<  L. 
mulnmonium,  <  mater,  mother.]  Syn.:  see  marriage. 
— mat"ri-mo'iii-al,  a.  Pertaining  to  matrimony. 
Syn.:  bridal,  conjugal,  conjugial,  connubial,  hymeneal, 
hymenean,  nuptial,  sponsal,  spousal.  —  Ant.:  celibate,  single, 
unespoused,  uuwedded.  —  mat"ri-mo'ni-al-ly,  adv. 

mc 'trix,  1  me'tnks;  2  ma'triks,  n.  [mat'ri-ces,  pi.]  1. 
That  which  contains  and  gives  shape  or  form  to  any- 
thing. (1)  Anat.  The  womb.  (2)  Biol.  Intercellular 
substance;  hence,  the  formative  cells  from  which  a  struc- 
ture grows.  2.  A  mold  in  which  anything  is  cast  or 
shaped,  or  that  which  encloses  like  a  mold,  as  a  papier* 
mache  or  other  impression  of  a  form  of  type,  from  which 
a  cast  for  printing  may  be  made.  \  <  L.  matrix,  breed- 
ing animal,  <  mater,  mother.] 

ma'tron,  1  me'tran;  2  ma'tron,  n.  1.  A  married  woman; 
mother;  also,  a  woman  of  established  age  and  dignity. 
2.  A  housekeeper,  or  a  female  superintendent,  as  of  an 
institution.  [<  L.  matrona,  <  mater,  mother.]  — 
ma 'tron-age,  n.  1.  The  condition  of  being  a  matron.  2. 
Matrons  collectively. — ma'tron-al,  a.  Pertaining  to  a 
matron. — ma'tron-ize,  vt.  ma'tron-isej.—  ma'tron- 
like,  a. — ma'tron-ly,  a.    Of  or  like  a  matron;  elderly. 

mat"ro-nym'ic,  1  maf'ro-nim'ik;  2  maf'ro-nym'ic.  I.  a. 
Pertaining  to  or  derived  from  a  mother's  name.  II.  n.  A 
name  so  derived.  [<  L.  mater,  mother,  +  Gr.  onyma,  name.] 

Mutt.,  abbr.    Matthew. 

matte,  1  mat;  2  mat,  n.  Metal.  An  impure  metallic  product 
containing  sulfur,  obtained  in  smelting  metals,  as  copper.  [F.] 

mat  'led,  1  mat'ed;  2  mat'ed,  pa.  1.  Covered  with  mats 
or  matting.  2.  Tangled  like  the  fibers  of  a  mat.  -ly,  adv. 

mat'ter,  1  mat'ar;  2  mat'er.  I.  vi.  1.  To  be  of  concern 
or  importance;  signify.  2.  To  form  or  discharge  pus,  as 
a  sore.  II.  n.  1.  That  which  makes  up  the  substance 
of  anything,  especially  of  material  things.  2.  The  mate- 
rial of  which  a  thing  is  composed.  3.  Philos.  &  Physics. 
The  form  of  being  or  substance  that  is  characterized  by 
extension,  inertia,  weight,  etc.  4.  That  which  consti- 
tutes the  essence  or  substance  of  a  particuhir  tiling  5. 
Something  not  exactly  conceived  or  stated;  an  imleli- 
nite,  often  a  comparatively  small,  amount.  <».  A  sub- 
ject for  discussion  or  feeling.  7.  Something  of  moment 
and  importance.  8.  A  condition  of  affairs,  especially  if 
unpleasant  or  unfortunate;  case;  difficulty;  trouble.  9. 
Logic.  The  thought,  or  material  (if  thought .  10.  Pathol. 
Pus.  [<  F.  mature,  <  L.Jnaterla,  stuff]  Syn.:  (verb)  see 
interest;  (noun)  see  mass;  topic  -  mat  'tersof=fart",  a. 
Closely  adhering  to  facts;  not  diverted  by  the  Imaginary. 

Mat'ter-horn.  1  ma'tar-horn:  2  ma'ter-horn,  n.  A  steep 
mountain  in  the  Alps,  Switzerland;  14.780  ft.  high. 

Mat'thew,  1  malh'yu;  2  math'yu.  n.  1.  One  of  the  twelve 
apostles;  wrote  first  Gospel.    2.  The  gospel  lie  wrote. 

Mat'thew  or  Par'is  (1200?-1259).  An  English  monk; 
chronicler;  wrote  a  history  of  the  world. 

mat 'ting,  1  mat'in;  2  m&t'ing,  n.  A  coarsely  woven 
fabric  used  as  a  floor»covering,  etc. 

mat'tock,  1  mat'ek;  2  rnat'ok,  n.     A  pickax-like  loo] 
having  blades  instead  of  points.   |<  AS. 
mntioc,  <  w.  matoa,  hoc] 

mat'tress,   1   mat/res;   2  mat/res,    n.      A 

cloth    sack    or   tick     Stuffed    with    hair.        Mattock, 
straw,  etc.,   used   as  a   bed.     [<    Ar. '•'•""'   matrah,    < 
laraha,  throw  down.]    mat'trasst. 

mat'ii-rate,  1  mat'yu-n"l;  2  mat'yu-rat,  tt.  <v  ri.  [-u.vr"- 
EDd;  -rat"in<;.]  To  cause  to  suppurate;  form  pus.  |  < 
L.  maiuratm.  pp.  of  maturo,  mature.]    roafu-ra'tlon,  n 

1.  The  formation  of  pus.  2.  The  process  of  ripening.— 
mat'u-ra"tlv(e»,  a. 
ma-turc',  1  ma-tiur';  2  ma-tur',  v.  [ma-tubed'!  ma- 
tur'ing.1  I./.  1.  To  cause  to  ripen  or  comi  to  matu- 
rity. 2.  Med.  To  bring  to  the  point  oi  uppuration  II. 
»'.  1.  To  become  ripe;  develop  fully.  3.Tobecom<  due, 
as  a  note.  [<  F.  maturer,  <  I.  maturo,  •  matvrtu, 
ripe.]     Syn.:  see  RIPE      ma-tu'rl-ty,  n      I.  'l"li«-  mat''  or 


condition  of  being  mature,     ma-ture'ness:.    2.  Full  devel- 
opment, as  o!  the  body.  3.  The  time  at  which  a  thing  matures. 

ma-ture',  a.  1.  Having  become  completely  developed. 
2.  Highly  developed;  approaching  perfection.  ;$.  Thor- 
oughly elaborated.   4.  Com.  Due  and  payable,   -ly,  oda 

ma-tu'ti-nal,  1  me-tiu'ti-nel;  2  ma-tu'ti-nal,  a  lVr- 
taining  to  the  morning;  early.  (<  L.  matutinalis,  < 
matutinus,  early.] 

Mau"beuge\  1  mo"b03';  2  mo'buzh'.  n.  A  fortified  town  In 
N.E.France;  pop.  15.000;  surrendered  to  Germans  after 
siege,  Sept.  7.  1914. 

Maude,  Frederick  Stanley  (1864  1917).  British  general- 
captured  Bagdad.  March  11.  1017 

maud'Iin,  1  med'hn;  2  mad'lin,  o.  Made  foolish  by 
liquor;  foolishly  and  tearfully  affectionate, 

mau'gref,  1  me/gar;  2  ma'ger,  prep.  In  spite  of;  not- 
withstanding.   [OF.]    man 'gerf;  maul 'arret. 

maul,  1  mel;  2  mal.  I.  vt.  To  pound  with  or  a-  with  a 
maul;  handle  roughly;  abuse.  II.  n.  A  heavy  mallet. 
[OF.,  <  L.  malleus,  hammer.] — maul 'er,  n. 

Maul"main',  l  maul'men';  2  mouTman',  n.  A  commercial 
town  in  Lower  Burma,  India;  pop.  58,000.     Moul-meln'l. 

mau'mett,  n.  An  idol:  from  the  belief  that  tin-  Moham- 
medans worshiped  idols  [conn,  of  Mahomet.]  main'- 
mett;  maw'mett.— mau'met-roust.a.  idolatrous;  orig- 
inally, Mohammedan.  iiiani'met-roust.  mau'inct- 
ryt,  n.    Mohammedanism:  idolatry.  [MAT.] 

maun,  1  men;  2  man.  ri.    [Scot.)    Must.    [ME.  mown,  pi.  of 

mau'na,  1  me'na; 2 mj'na    [Scot.]  Mustnot    mauii'nat.. 

Mau'na  Lo'a,  1  mau'na  16'a;  2  mou'nii  lo'ti.  An  active  vol- 
cano on  Hawaii  Island;  13,675  ft.  high. 

maund,  1  mend;  2  mand,  n.  [Prov,  E5ng.]  A  basket 

maun'der,  1  men'dar;  2  man'der,  lit  A  m  1.  To  utter 
grumblingly  or  incoherently.  2.  To  wander  dreamily. 
3f.  To  beg.     [<  OF.  mendir,  <  L.  mendico,  beg.] 

maun'dy,  1  mfln'di;  2  man'dy,  n.    The  religious  ceremony  of 
washing  the  feet  of  others,  especially  of  Inferiors      [  ■     O] 
mande,   <   L.  mandatum;  see  MANOATE,]      Maundy  Thurs- 
day, the  day   before  Good   Friday,  oommemoratlrj 
washing  of  the  disciples'  feet  by  the  Savior, 

Mau"i>as"sant ',  1  mo"pn "sfu'i'.  2  mo'pH  sin',  Henri  Bene 
Albert  Guy  de  (1850  1893).    A  French  novelist. 

Mau'riee,  1  mo'ns;  2  ma'i-ie.  ;/  1.(1521  1563.)  In  elector 
of  Saxony;  he  secured  religious  liberty  in  German]  2. 
M.  of  Nassau  (loti7  1625)  B  prince  of  orange;  son  of 
William  the  Silent;  Dutch  commander;  defeated  Spanish. 

Mau"ri-ta'ni-a,  1  me"n  tS'ni  b;  2  ma'ri-ia'nl-a.  n  \n 
ancient  name  for  a  district  In  N.  Africa,  west  of  Xumidia. 
Mau"re-ta'nl-at. — Mau"rl-|or-re-|ta'iil-aii. 

Mau-rl'tius,  1  me-rlsh'us;  2  ma-rlsh'Qs,  n      \  itrnisii  Island 

of  the  India van.  east  of  Madagascar;  7i:t  s.|    in  .  pop 

377.000;  capital.  Port  Louis     Isle  of  France*. 

mau'ser,  1  mau'zar;  2  mou'ser,  n.     \  magazine  rifle  of  great 
range  and  bullct«speed.    [<  Mauser,  Ger.  gunsmith  I 
1914).] 

mau"so-Ie'um,  1  me'so-ll'um;  2  m  \ 

large,  stately  tomb.     [I..,   <  Or.  mausdleion,  tomb  of 
MausOlos  (king  of  Crete,  352  it.  C.).]    mauw8o-le'an,  a, 

maul,  a.  [Scot.]   Malt. 

mauve,  1  mov;  2  mov,  n.  A  delicate  purple  oolor  or  dye- 
stuff.    [F.,  <  L.  malva,  mallow.] 

mav'er-lek,  l  mav'er-ik;  2  mftv'er  Ik,  [W(  itero  0,  B  }  An 
unhranded  animal,  particularly  a  call 

ma 'vis,  1  me'vis;  2  ma'vls,  I  l(  I  tropean  8ong»thrush  or 
throstle.    [■    F.  mauvts;  cp  Breton  mil/id,  mttvtd.] 

ina-vour'neen,  l  ma  irfli  aln  '  mo  vur'ntSn,  n  Mj  darling: 
an  expressli I  affection     [Ir.]    ma-vour'nint. 

maw,  1  mo.. '.'  ma.  Vt    [SOOt.]   To  inou,  as  luu 

maw,  n.     1.  The  craw  of  a  bird     '.'.  Tl  i< 

air-bladder  of  a  fish.     I  <  A.8.  maaa,  stomach  |     DUD  '• 

mirm",  n     a  parasltlo  intestinal  worm 
maw 'kin,  L  me'kin;  2  ma'kln,  n.    SameasMAUcrH 
mawk'lsh.  i  lak'lsh,  a     Provoking dlsgult:  tlok- 

ening  or  Insipid      I  •      lee    iiiiidli/.r.  mm 

syn.:seeiivi      mawk  'isii-i> ,  mawk'Uh-n«Mtn 

Max.,  abtn      Maxim,  Maximilian     ina\..    "■■     Maximum. 

max-llla,  1   ..■         ■        ■  1.  Anat.  ( H f  lha 

jawbone    i   pccially  <<<  the  uppt  r  law     '.'.  i  n 
of  an  arthropod     Ml    max'll-la-ry,        max'll-lai 
max'irn.  In  I.  :    inrnt 

1. 1,  ml 

truth;  axiom      I       j 

great.]    Syn.:  gee  IDAOI      ROW 
Max'l-ma-ilst,  I   m 
of :.  mod  rate  Ru    Ian  revi  lui  i 

ma\  'lui  gun.       \    hi  ll   loitomatl- 

cally     |      Sir  Hiram  Maxim  (1840  101(1),  ll*  inventor] 
M.-u"l-mll'l-aii,   ]    mal.  .  i  mil  i  I 

Either  of  two  i  M.  I.  (Mfifl 

warred  with  i  ranot       '    M    II 
win.  the  rurka     I.  M<  Ferdinand  Jo  oph 
mi  austrlarj 


maximum     \    a  »rt:  tmt.it  I  ... Ini.l.Orn; 

iihaI.iI  ■        *  I  i  11  .  ii        i  I  •»      .  ...    <>    Or,  .!<>■,    IM 


M 


I 
I. 

I. 

init    III, 

1.    I 
l 

in  apostrophes 

.  Ii:i\  e  hl>.  rty  nr  DOWI  r 


s. 

M  i)     bush  l 

M  i>      u>  pi.  .  I  tblona  yellow- 

[>l:inl    Itself        M  IJ 
bcrtl.  Ma)    bui         Ma)   da) .        The 

M  »  n. .v,   ,  r.        i  trailing 

0  inarsh-lliart- 

M  n  Hi.         I.  a  which  in  the 

1(1  In  UlC  adult 

!.      !l    Urn.] 

n  Imitation  .it  the  Mayfly. 

Hi)   [..i..  te<l  with  flowers  or  ribbons, 

Mm) 

Ma> 

iiu.  .  ii.  d  with  flowers  In  May*da) 

Ma)   iii. tii  .  rhe hawthorn      Ma)  'tide", 

ti  i      \.  .  i.  ••  .1  acrid  weed 

.nil  weed'    ;  dog '  fen"neJ  :  «  Ud 

■Unking  <  .mi. .mil  in  ij  'hip 

mi)  'h«-.    .  Perhaps;    possibly 

Mi    ..ii..    .  Same  as  Mm 

Due  ii.-     1664   161 1 


era! 


M  , 


-       i-  ma' flow 'er     A  ship  of  lso 

••in  I'lymouth,  l  nu  .  Sep!    6,  1620;  ar- 

'.  1620,  with  103  Pilgrims. 

n  i    ■  offense  "f  de- 

.  limb,  member,  or  organ. or 

causing  any  mutllati   ri  of  tin-  body,    [old  furm  of  maim,  n] 

una  ii  hatl*. 

■.ii-  ma'An-as/.   n.      A   sauce  or 

aaladVdJtsslnn  made  with  rati  yolk  of  eggs,  oiive-oll,  lemon* 

i]  dish  of. which  It  forms  an 

m.i>  ..r.  2  mii'or,  n.    The  chief  magistrate  of  a 

-  municipal  oorporation.     [  <  I 
par.  of  magnus,  trreat.]— ma) 'or-al-ty,  n. 
rTlce  or  term  of  a  mayor. 
Saays'tX]  ■ .  - 1  i.uv. 

■aim,  :  n  ki  •- :  2  mar'ard,  n.  1.  A  Kuropean  wild  cherry, 
small  and  da  laser,  1      :i*.   The  Jaw;  the 

skull,  the  he..  :  in  i/  '/  ml 

M  i/    i-rin  .  rna*aa*ran';  2  mas"a-rln'  or 

i >ii.  -  i  i  rencfa  cardinal  and 

Statesman;  prime  minister  under  I  .on Li  XIV. 
in  I/.  onfuse; 

BUI.  In 

in.i/i  .        I.  network  of  paths  i 

rtainty;  perplexity. 
mi/  maae;  Intricate,    mas/My, 

in  ./  i-ii.  - 
Mi-/.p'pa.   l    ms-sep'e;  J   ma-aftp'a,   Ivan  Stephaninlch 

■  uked  on  a  In 

turned  adr'  d  afterward  eommltti 

amaa'er,  i.  n,  goblet,  or  drinking* 

pic  or  other  hard  wood.    St-  Wood 
I  •  IZARD.  .'J.     [  <    Ire 

map.  in  i  '-•  r    ;  mai   arcl- . 

in  i-/'ir   k  i.  ir'ka.  n.     I.  A  lively  round 

dan  ••  resembling  the  polka,  for  four  or  eight  couplei      i- 
Pol.  mazurka,  <  Mazur,  a 
nat:  .nd.] 

mai'zard.  ■      -  una  SS  KAXAJLD. 

Mas  il'sjl.  Giuseppe    1805  1872 

ribald!  to  unite  Italy 

Mi 

'  m.  Member  of  '  Council. 
M.  I»..  \tidic\nx  !>'■■ 

m.  <l  . 

M   I  Mdlh •.. 

Mdm.,     a'Ar.       Madam. — mdse.,     abbr. 
me,  1  ml;  \z  me,  pron.    The  person  speaking,  myself,  re- 


,i  object .  mi  I.,  mi'  iiu-  objeotive 

v  l  .l.il     an. I   :i. 

Ml  '  Hillary 

Mi   .  official). 

in.  i  i  ...  I.    .  \  : ,  an  cflcmlliQ 

mead,   1    mid;   L'  I.    \   llquoi   oi   fermented 

.'.     i     B,|  A  'Ii ink,  made  ol 

bonaU  .1  water     I  •    AS.  medu, 

in.  ul  .  ■  i,  ii    [Poet  |    \  meadow 

Meade,  Ueorgi    Uordon  I 

oral;   di  (caU  .1  i  ee  .ii    ■  loll  i  ibui 

I  lie. Ill  'OW,  1    1    II  I.  i  I'll.  2  lue.l'i.,    'i  \    liar  I    ..I    |0H    01 

in.  .1  »\\   ,  i    m. I,  produi 
maadot        mead'ott  lark".        An  American  bird,  brown- 
ish or  gray  lah  above,  marked  with  black  and  yellow  beneath. 

mead  'ihi-miitI",  \     hi  nl.  ,.f  the  ro 

Uy,  having  alternate  simple  or  pinnate  leaves  and  white  or 
ilored  flowers     mead  'ow-j . 
mea'ger,  11  mt'gsr;  2  mfi'Ser,  a     I.  Deficient  01 

Hie. I    ure.  in  1. 1.  - 

quate     '.'.  Deficient  in  or  scantily  lupplied  with  fertil- 
ity, strength,  or  riohni         ;t-  W    Dting  in  Besh;  thin; 
.  ■•  .1     |  ■    i ' i  I  .  lean  | 

Syn.:  barren,  emaciated,  feeble,  gaunt,  jejune,  lank,  lean, 
pour,  skinny,  spare,  starved,  starveling,  mine.  thin.  Bee 
qai  \i      Ant.:  bom  .  burly,  ohubby,  corpulent, 

fat.  fleshy,  hearty,  obese,  plump,  portly,  round,  stout 
mea'ger-1] .  mea/gre-ly,  mea'ger-nessi  mea'* 

lfre-in 

mealti  si      i  o    pot  or  stain. 

meal  ,  l  mil;  2  in' 1. 1».    Coarsely  ground  grain;  unbolted 

n  I..  .ii-Hour.    I  <  as.  melu  J 
meal  ,  n.    The  portion  ■  •!  t ■  »■  •«  1  taken  at  one  time;  a  re- 

pasl     |  <  as.  m.t  i  j    meal ''time/',  n. 

meal'le,  1  inll'i;  li  inel'1,  n.     [8.  Afr  |     An  ear  of  mai,-. 
in  the  plural. 

meaj'y.  1  mlli;  :.'  mCl'y,  a  Resembling  or  having  the 
quahties  of  meal;  farinaceous;  farinose,  meal'l- 
nesstK  meal'j  monthed"la.  Airald  to  express  opinions 
plalnl] ;  Indefinite;  Inaini 

■  nca ii,  1  tniii;  z  men,  c  [mi. \n  i .  l  ment,  -  m6nt;  mi  i\'- 
tNa.j  1. 1.  1.  To  intend  as  a  matter  of  present  effector 
expression;  aim  al  and  desire,  'i.  ro  intend  to  accom- 
plish in  the  future;  purpose,  :t.  I  o  dgnify,  or  wish  to 
signify;  indicate.  II.  i.  To  have  dispositaon  or  inten- 
tion; be  minded.  [<  AS.  nubnan,  mean.] 
Sm.:  see  difobt;  pi  bposb, 

mean  ,  a.  1.  Low  m  grade,  quality,  or  condition.  (1) 
Of  humble  antecedents;  lowly.  (2)  Indicative  of  or 
Buited  to  low  rank;  inferiorj  poor;  shabby,  'I-  Ignoble 
in  mind,  character,  and  spirit.  1 1 1  Lacking  magnanim- 
ity oi  honor;  base;  petty,  (2)  Nliserly  in  expenditure. 
:{.  Worthy  of  no  i  it  or  contemptible,    4.<u" 

little  value  or  i  Eciency.  (  <  AS  mams,  wicked;  op.  mdn, 

common.]      Syil.:   see   1iai>;    hasi..    COM- 

hon;  imbiontjii  \m;  ltttlk;  shall;  vtjlqab.-  mean'ly, 
adr.    mean'ness,  n. 

mean3,  a.  1.  Intermediate  as  to  position  between  ex- 
treiii.  ';.  I  ■■  rmediate  as  to  Lse,  di  gree,  or  .juality; 
medium;  average.  8.  Intermediate  as  to  time;  inter- 
vening. (  ■  '  'I  <  I  tuddlei  <  me- 
.  middle.] 

mean,  n,  I.  The  midille  state  between  two  extremes; 
hence,  moderation;  medium,  'i.  Math.  A  quantity 
hat  mi:  an  intermediate  value  l"  twi  en  two  extremes,  or 
between  several  quant  :  lly  the  average,  or 

I  mean.  8.  /'/.  The  medium  through  which 
anything  is  done;  instrumentality  :  used  often  with  in- 
gular  construction;  as.  a  means.    [The  singular  fo 

]     4.  ///.   Money  or  prop- 

rocuring  medium;  wealth.    5.  A  plan  oi  pro- 

i..  The  middle  term  in  a  syllogism,    7f. 

ah  Intermediary;  mediator.    Syn.:  see  went. 

iiic-an'dfr,  l  mi-an'dsrj  3  me-an'der.    I.  w.    To  flow 

circuitously;   wind.     II.   «.     A    tortuous   or   winding 

;  hence,  a  mase;  perplexity.    (  <  Gr.1  Muiandroa 

i  i  Minor).] 

meaning,  pa.    Significai  -ly,  adv. 

mean'Ing,  >  I.  Thai  which  u  intended;  object;  in- 
tention; aim.    'i.  Thai  which  is  signified;  acceptation; 

Import.     Syn.:  .see  I'linosi       mean  'Iiik-Icss,  a.    -ly,  adv. 

-ness,  »/     mean'Ing-Iy,  adv. 
means,  1  mlnz;  S  meng,  n.    Plural  of  mkan. 
meant,  l  ment;  2  ment,  Imp.  &  i>i>.  of  mkan,  v. 
mean  'time".   I  I.  n.    Intervening  time  or  occasion.    II* 
mean 'while".  )  ads.     In  the  intervening  time. 
mean.,  abbr.    Measure, 


l:a  =  final;    i  =  habit^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  feud:    eThin;    go;    n  =  einn:    fhin,   this,    niaxlnium 
493    2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   btirn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,'   this!  medal 


mca'sles,  )1  ml'zlz;  2  me'glg,  n.  An  acute  infectious 
mea'slsp,  J  eruptive  disease;  also,  a  disease  of  swine  and 
cattle,  caused  by  larval  tapeworms.  [  <  D.  maselen, 
measles.]— mea'sly,  a. 
'nea'sure, )  1  me^'ur;  2  mezh'ur,  v.  [mea'sured;  mea'- 
me'sure3,  )  sur-ing]  \.t.  1.  To  take  the  dimensions  of; 
compare  with  a  fixed  standard.  2.  Hence,  to  estimate 
by  comparison  with  something  else;  weigh;  judge.  3. 
To  serve  or  be  taken  as,  or  be  capable  of  expressing,  the 
measure  of.  4.  To  set  apart  by  measure;  apportion. 
5.  To  traverse  as  tho  measuring.  6.  To  proportion; 
gage.  II.  i.  1.  To  take  the  measure  of  anything.  2. 
To  show,  on  measurement,  an  ascertained  value  or  ex- 
tent.— mea'sur-a-bl(ep,  a.  Capable  of  computation: 
moderate,  -ness,  n.— mea'sur-a-bly,  ad!).— mea'sured, 
pa.  1.  Ascertained,  adjusted,  or  proportioned  by  rule.  2. 
Hence,  uniform;  slow  and  stately;  rhythmical;  deliberate. 
3.  In  moderation;  held  in  restraint;  guarded,  -ly,  adv. — 
mea 'sure-less,  a.  Incapable  of  measurement;  unlimited; 
immense.  Syn.:  see  infinite,  mea 'surc-ment,  n.  1. 
The  act  of  measuring;  mensuration.  2.  The  result  of  mea- 
suring.—mea'sur-er,  n.— niea 'sur-ing sworm",  n.  Any 
geometrid  caterpillar  that  progresses  by  alternately  looping 
and  straightening  its  body  as  if  measuring. 
mea 'sure,  n.  1.  The  extent  or  dimensions  of  anything. 
2.  A  standard  of  measurement.  3.  Hence,  any  standard 
of  comparison,  judgment,  or  award.  4.  A  series  of 
measure»units.  5.  An  instrument  or  vessel  of  measure- 
ment. 6.  The  act  of  measuring;  measurement.  7.  A 
quantity  measured,  or  regarded  as  measured.  8. 
Reasonable  limits;  moderation.  9.  A  certain  propor- 
tion; relative  extent.  10.  A  specific  act  or  course; 
transaction;  specifically,  a  legislative  bill.  11.  That 
which  makes  up  a  sum  or  total.  12.  Math.  Any  quan- 
tity regarded  as  a  unit  and  standard  of  comparison 
with  other  quantities.  13.  Mus.  (1)  That  division  of 
time  by  which  the  air  and  motion  of  music  are  regulated. 
(2)  The  portion  of  music  between  two  bars.  (3)  Rate  of 
movement;  time.  14.  [Poet.]  Meter;  a  rhythmical 
period.  15.  A  slow  and  stately  dance.  16.  pi.  Geol.  A 
series  of  related  strata,  having  some  common  feature. 
[<  F.  mesure,  <  L.  mensura,  measure.]  Syn.:  see  meter; 
tune. 

Apothecaries'  Fluid  Measure 
(used  in  compounding  medicines). 
60  minims  0\)    =    1  fluid  dram  (f  3  ). 
8  fluid  drams     =    1  fluid  ounce  (f  3 ). 
16  fluid  ounces    =    1  pint  (O.). 
8  pints  =    1  gallon  (C.). 

Cubic  Measure 

(used  In  measuring  things  which  have  three  dimensions, 

length,  breadth,  and  thickness). 
1728  cubic  inches  (cu.  in.)    =    1  cubic  foot  (cu.  ft). 
27  cubic  feet  =    1  cubic  yard  (cu.  yd.). 

24  f  cubic  feet  =    1  perch  (P.). 

Dry  Measure 
(used  in  measuring  dry  articles). 
2  pints  (pt.)    =    1  quart  (qt.). 
8  quarts  =    1  peck  (pk.). 

4  pecks  =    1  bushel  (bu.). 

Note.— In  the  United  States,  a  bushel  contains  2150.42 
cu.  In.;  In  Great  Britain,  2218.2. 
See  bushel  in  the  vocabulary. 

Liquid  Measure 

(used  in  measuring  liquids). 
4  gills  (gi.)   =    1  pint  (pt.). 
2  pints         =    l  quart  (qt.). 
4  quarts       =    I  gallon  (gal.). 
Note.— In  the  United  States,  o  gallon  contains  231  ou. 
in.;  31  gallons  are  considered  a  barrel  (bbl  i,  :> ti<i  63  gallons 
a  hogshead  (hhd.);  but  barrels  and  hogsheads  are  made  oi 
various  sizes. 

See  barrel,  gallon,  and  HOGSHEAD  In  the  vocabulary. 

Long  or  Linear  Measure 

(used  In  measuring  lengths  and  distances). 
12  inches  (In.)  =    1  foot  (ft). 

3  feet  =    1  yard  (yd.). 

*  b\  yards  or  16}  feet   =    1  rod  (rd.)  or  pole  (p.). 

40  rods  =    1  furlong  (fur.) 

S  furlongs  =    i  nule  (m  I 

320  rods  or  5280  feet       =     I  mile. 

3  miles  =    i  league 

Mariners'  Measure. 

(5  feot  I  fathom. 

120  fathoms  =    1  cable.lcngth  (or  cable). 

7J  cable^lengths    -    1  mile. 
5280  feet  -    1  statute  mile. 

6085  feet  =    1  nautical    or  geographical 

mllo. 


Measure  of  Angles  or  Arcs. 

60  seconds  (")    =    1  mini: b 
60  minutes        =    i  degree  (°). 
90  degrees         =    l  right  angle  or  quadrant  (L). 
360  degrees         =    1  circle. 
Paper  Measure. 

24  sheets  =  1  quire.  2  reams  =  l  bundle. 

20  sheets   =  1  quire  of  4  reams  =  1  printers'  bundle. 

outsldes.  10  reams  =  i  bale. 

25  sheets   =   1  printers"  quire.     60  skins    -  1  roll  of 

20  quires   =  1  ream.  parchment. 

21^  quires  =  1  printers'  ream. 

Note.— A  short  ream  =   480  sheets;    a  lung  ream  =  500 
or  516  sheets. 

Square  Measure 
(used  in  measuring  the  area  of  surfaces) 
144  square  inches  =    1  square  foot  (sq    ft 

9  square  feet  =    1  square  yard  (sq 

30!-  square  yards  or  )  , 

272}  square  feet         \    =   1  square  rod  (sq.  rd. 
160  square  rods  =    l  acre  I  \ 

640  acres  =   i  square  mile  (sq.  ml.). 

Note.— A  perch  (P.)  is  a  square  rod.  and  a  rood  ill.)   = 
40  sq.  rd. 

Time  Measure. 
60  seconds  (sec.)    =    1  minute  (mln.). 
60  minutes  =    1  hour  (lir). 

24  hours  I  da 

7  days  =    l  week  (wk.). 

365  days       I  , ,     , 

12  months  |  =    J  ™mmon  year  (yr.). 

366  daj  s  =   i  leap  year. 
100  years  =    1  century. 

Note. — One  month  is  commonly  reckoned  as  30  days. 

Wood  Measure 

(used  in  measuring  wood  and  other  merchandise), 

16  cubic  feet  =     1  cord  fOOl 

8  cord  feet  or  12S  cubic  feet    =    1  cord  (od 
Note. — A  cord  of  wood,  as  generally  piled,  is  8  ft    Ions 
4  ft.  wide,  and  4  ft.  high. 

meat,  1  mit;  2  met,  n.  1.  The  flesh  of  animals  used  as 
food.  2||.  Anything  cairn  for  nourishment;  vicl 
hence,  that  which  nourishes  3.  The  edible  pari  oi 
anything.  4.  [Colloq.  U.  S.]  The  essence  gist,  or  pith; 
as,  the  meat  of  an  essay.  [<  AS.  mete,  meat.]  metet.  Syn.: 
see  nutriment.— meat  'y,  a.  1.  full  of  or  resembling  meat . 
2.  Having  strength;  nourishing;  pithy. 

me-a'tus,  1  mi-e'tos;  2  me-a'tus.  n.  [-tub  or  -n  b-es,  pi  I 
A  conspicuous  passage  or  canal;  as,  the  auditory  meatus. 
[L.,  passage,  <  meo,  go.] 

mea'zelt,  n.    Same  as  mesel.    mea'slet. 

me"bu\  lme'bii';  2  me*bU',  n.  |K]  An  underground  gun* 
emplacement  of  reenforced  concrete, 

Mee'ca,  n.    Same  as  Mexka, 

mech.,  ahbr.    Mechanical,  mechanics. 

ine-chan'ic,  1  mi-kan'ik; 2 me-ean'ie.    I.  a     I.  Pertain- 
ing to  mechanics;  mechanical.    '!.  Materialistic;  atom- 
istic.   3||.  Common;  vulgar.     II.  n.     I.  One  oxi 
a  mechanical  employment      '.'.    \n  unintel 
man.       [<  (Ir.'""    michanikoe, <    michanl,  machine] 
Syn.:  see  artist,     me-chan'1-cal.    I.  a,    I.  Portal! 

mechanics;  in  accordance  with  the  laws  ol  t ihanli 

Produced  by  a  machine  3.  Operated  bj  mechanism.  4. 
Materialistic,  as  a  theory.  5.  Having  Inventive  or  cob 
structlve  talent;  doing  the  work  ol  a  mechanic;  also,  auto 
maticai.  II§.  n.  a  mechanic  -ly.  adv.  -ness,  n  me- 
chanical powers,  the  mechanical  conti  tsntei 

into  the  composition  or  format f  all  i 

(with  its  derivatives,  as  the  bal »,  wheel  and  axlo,  and 

pulley)  and  the  inclined  plane  (vt  Ith  It    i 

screw    and    the    wedge)        iiiecli"a-ul 'cl.m.    -         One    \\  I ■■  • 

understands  the  science  ol  meohanli        -Chan 'Irs,  n 

The  branch  ol  physics  thai  treats  . , r  the  phi  m 

by  the  act Ion  ol  (oroes  on  material  bod 

maonlnery.     mech'a-nlsm,  n     i.  rht  □  n    ofamnchlno 

collet  tivel    ;  machinery  In    bw 

stltutes  a  working  rooi      mecb'a-nlat, 

,,      \  mechanician     mech'a-nlse, 

Meck'li-ii-liurg  Sili«e-rln',     I     mol    lei    bdri 

in.  i  'II  n-bui nii',  7i      a  grand  dut  lu   ■  •(  den 

5,068  sq  m  ;  capital,  Schworln;  pop  630,000 
Meek 'len-burg  Btrellts,  I 

d  duchy  of  Germany;  t .  t  :  t  sq  m  ;rupltal,  Ncu'SirclIU; 

pop   101 
meA.,abbr     Medical,  medicine,  mcdloval 
iiied'.il,  l  med'al .  mi  tal, 

oi  bonorarj 

l      lit    medaille,  ■    L.  metatlum,  mktai  i    med'aH  t, 

I.  a  collector  oi  deslgnoi  ol  mi  ti  ol  ti 

medal  awarded  for  services  oi  morn     med'aMlsl        ">■ 

dalllon,  n     I.  A  large  mi  d  il 

graved.  etO  .  and    'I  In  a  circular  01  01  al  frame     2.  A  • 


inrtlille 

im-ll 


m.-xl   .11. 


-inn    . 


i       ■>         ii        in.  bOrai 

III  I  Ml:    ,  \>M 


I 

in. 

.1   ul.  r.  in.  .1  .Mini;. 


in.    ,!•• 

M 

Mil     .ll-  1-.   ]  . 


I. 


II. 

NB1  :: 

-a'tion 


Ml.   .1     ,11.  -     ..III.   -M.    --. 


M.<|,-.         Mi'ili-.ui. 

I  • 
'.'.  '      Li  .t i. .n. 

Pertaining  to  the 

1  in  the 

m.'iii-.ii-i> .  median  plane 

I.  it.  [-ati  i.1; 

order  to 

::.  [  <   1. 1.. 

Syn.:  Bee 

Ml  ■  -  'tll-.lt.  -I)  .  1 1 1 .  ■  • .  1  i  -.  I  I     -ll-  --. 

;  Inter- 


iin'.ll-.i    H\    .    .  iiii'i!l-:i"lur.  ine"di- 

a-l..  rl-il.  me'- 

dl-a-l"-t>  :  •      in.    1 1  i-.i " I  r .  — .  iii.'dl-a"lrl\. 

•  nf  aeveral  plants  of 

M  \  '  ■ :  i    ol  I  lorentlne 

bank  As  who  \rr  .  ■ 

l    iili. rlncdc' 
M  I  rought 

»»«, .  Cosmo 

,1.      M  i  ...in,,  .1.  ■    \! 

i  am  ii/,.  in '  m 

M         I         -•  .  M. 


I  .  I   ,  treat 

II.        I .  bstance 

■  •->,  rural  i 
'■'■■  _•  Nnrth-Anier- 

fi-rn.    of 
i,  ii.  mi  in. , ll. -!■■•-.     medicinal 

in.  ii  i-i  .i-iil  i    . 
med'l-cal  I 

■;.  Having  cura- 

in.  ll  'i-r.i-in.|il.    ■         I.     \: 
I. 
.il.  in    •!    i-.    it.  . 

2.   i ..  tincture  or  Im- 

mi.  d  "l-i  a  'tlon.    n.      1 

mill  1  CI  th    .    , 
me-dic'l-lial. 
iih-i|I< - ' I- r i  i-l  i  • 

• 

in.   Mini, 
i.i.il   l-cln- 

.•  1 1 
the  arirn;' 

'val,  a.  Beloi 

middle, 

m.'dl-.i    i.il:.      iin"<ll-i'\.il-l-Mi. 
M    -  :  In    \V. 

Arabia:  goal  of  Mohammed's  HcKlra;  place  of  bis  tomb. 


in.  .i  i-i  ini-.  i  : 
iii'-.i  i-i  in  . 


me.: 
cor.; 
DW-: 

' 
lna  to  m»»I 

■ 
SUli  - 

-,     .-Ml-    II 
I 

em  ■ 

med'l-<-a-li»-r>. 
Adapfd  • 
-I). 

<rl. 

Ml 

ll.  1 


mi     ill-.,    in 

I 

M..IK 

in.  .1    l-t.itc. 


•  •:    imly 

I 

Mi,      ,11-...     Il-I  >  . 

nr  condition.    I.  a  commonplace 


id;  think  »>ili  it  view  to 
il  ,1.      |  •    l.   medi- 

ML. I  Mll-ll'l- 

I   i     I,. i  ,,  Mil  KATR:  Ml      '  lllcd"l- 

i  i  Hon,        i  '.'.  \  i  in  in.   ■ 

in  n  ,,i.i ii., i  ,.n i 

nii-.l   i-i.i-IIi    .    .         -i> . 
Med  'l-lcr-r.i   in -.in  MB,   [  mod 

\        i  m  ,,f  Hi.     \  H.iin  Ii  nr*    .mil 

mi-  ill- ii  in.  l  ml'di  um;2m6'di  Urn     I.  a     [ntennodiate 
in  quantity,  •  i < ■:•  I •  t  \ .  ..r  degree;  middle;  modiocro,     II. 
oi  mi  'mi  i.  pi  |    I.  Anything  that  acta 
■  i, -miii  ,liii.-l\ ;  :  1 1 1  intervening  instrumental- 
believed  to  I  ir  pi 
•  ii,, 11,, 1  bj  the  personality  ■  •(  lomc  deceased  i»r- 
!.  The  ether  through  which  light   and 

uso,  any  substance,  as  the  .•  i  i  r .  through  or  in 
which  something  may  move,  live,  nr  be  conveyed     4. 
\  liquid  vehicle,  a  S.        Intel  m<  diatc  objeot 

6.  mean.    [I..,  neut.  s.  of  mediut, 

middle      circulating  medium,  a  moncj  currency. 
Mini  Tax,  l   medlar;  L*  mCdlar,  n.     A  small,  spreading 

I  uropeac  tree  of  the  rose  familj 
medlef.    I.  rl     Bame  as  heddu.    II.  n.    Bame 

i  ii. 
medley i  1   mi  lit;  3  mfidly,  n      \  mingled  j 
and  ' 

jumble;    especially,    a    i ipn     '  17 

part-  of  songs  run  together.    (<<'l 
mi  uni.K  ]      mill  lej  . 
ine-iiiiria,    l    ini-iiei',.;   2  me-dol'a,   n 
1  -l:    2  -<■.  pi  1     I.   •'""'     4    '/."•'!. 
The  inner  portion  of  an  organ  or  part, 
marrow  ol  long  bones     (2)  The 
pith  of  a  hair.    (3   The  spinal  cord,  me- 
dulla -pl-iia'IN:.     i    i  he  continuation 
•>f  the  spinal  cord  within  the  cranium, 
nie-diiria  oli"l<Mi-ga'l:i:.  2.  B  '   PI  ITlOWer, 

[I..,  •  ii.iie  i    med'ul-la-ry,     and  Frul 

1111--1I  nl  'i.irt .  1  he    1  'ommon 

Me-du'sa,  me-dO'sa,  n.    I.     Medlar. 

•-.  The  Gorgon  whose  head  was 
em  off  by  Perseus.     Bee  G  2.  [m-J  [-am, 

/)/.]   A  Jellyfish. 

meed,  ]  mid;  2  m£d,  n.    1.  A  weU«deserved  reward;  reo- 
ompen  ■      '!  .    \  present;  bribe,    -if.  Personal  worth; 
excellence.    [  <  AS.  ///■  ■  /. 
mei  k,  l  inik;  2  mSk,  a,    1.  Of  gentle  and  long>suffering 
disposition,     'i.  Submissive,     "I.  Bumble;  lowly.     |< 
meek.]    Syn.:  see  at  ubu  .  pai  oic. 
meek'l] .  meek'ness, 

meeret,  tl.     To  bound,     meeri.      nieert,  n.     A  boundary. 

meer'seliaiim,  1  mlr'shom;  2  mSr'sham,  ».  1.  A  loft, 
liwht  mineral  used  for  carving  into  tobacco-pipes,  cigar* 
holders,  and  the  like.    'i.  A  pipe  made  of  tlii*  mineral. 

■  .  -.  s.-:i.    -     1  haunt,  foam] 

Mee'rut,  1  ml'rot;  2  mfi'rut,  n.    a  town  In  NT,  British  India; 

here  I  lie  Si -pn;.    milt  III V  ttTSI    tirol.i-  nut  ;  |inp.    110,200. 

meet,  1  mlt; 2  mSt,  o.    [mbt;  mbet'enq.]    \.i.    1.  To  come 

i  person  nr  thing  moving  toward  the  .same  point 

from  a  different  direction       '■■  I me  to  be  or  act  in 

irmity  with,     -i-  To  pas.  as  B  note  or  claim;  satisfy. 

4.  To  encounter.     5.  To  refute,     (J.  To  become  ac- 
quainted with.    II.        I.  To  come  I  i  tnble, 

approach  each  other  bo  as  to  arrive  :,t  ti,, 
place.    8«  To  oome  togj  to  touch  each  other 

or  form  a  union.    4.  To  come  t, , (.'ether  in  opposition; 
contend.    •>  exactly;  balance.    [  <  AS.  mi  tan, 

:  iHKl 

iihtI,   ]    mit;  2  mSt.  'i.     Suitable,  as  to  an  occasion; 

adapted;   fit.      (-  tired,   fit,    <   mela-% 

■    IPPB0PB1  ll  i 

meet  If,  Ml-el  '•   , 

Hurl,  er,  as  of  huntsmen;  also, 
the  company  or  the  n  i  meel'iiiB,  n.  1.  A 
coming  together.  ';.  \u  a  emblj  of  persons.  8.  a  Junc- 
tion.    4.  A  duel.  I  OMPANT. 

meet 'inu  limisc",  n      \  house  n  ed  for  public  worship, 

LaUy  among  the  Friends. 

meg-,  i  \  meg-,  meg's-,  meg/8-lo-;  2  mfig-,  mSg'a-, 

meg'*v-j       -  meC''a-lo-.    Prom  Greek  megasj  large    com- 

niej;'*-lo-i  ^  billing  forms.    Mey-  or  megar,  in  physics,  is 


1: 3  =  final;    I  =  hablt^    aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    Id  — feud;    diin;    go;    n  =  siriff;    fhin,   this.       meddle 
495       2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  melt 


also  prefixed  to  a  unit  of  measure  to  signify  that  it  is  taken  a 
million  times,  as  meg'a-erg,  a  million  ergs,  raeg'a-dyne,  a 
million  dynes,  meg'a-for"ad,  a  million  forads,  meg"arn- 
pere',  a  million  amperes,  etc. — meg'a-llth,  re.  A  huge 
stone,  especially  such  as  is  found  in  prehistoric  monuments. 
— meg"a-lith'Ic,  a.  —  meg"a-lo-ma'nl-a,  re.  1.  Insanity 
in  which  the  subject  thinks  himself  great  or  exalted.  2.  A 
tendency  to  magnify  and  exaggerate. — meg"a-lo-ma'ni- 
ac,  a.  &  re. — M eg"a-lo-sau 'ri-a,  re.  pi.  Herp.  A  suborder 
or  order  of  dinosaurian  reptiles.  Meg"a-lo-sau'ril. — 
meg'a-lo-saur,  re. — nicg"a-lo-sau'ri-an,  a.  &  re.— Meg"- 
a-Io-sau'rus,  re.  1.  A  genus  typical  of  dinosaurian  reptiles 
(Megalosauridse).  2.  [m-]  A  dinosaurian  of  this  genus;  a 
gigantic,  terrestrial,  carnivorous  reptile.  [+  Gr.  sauros, 
lizard.] — meg'a-phone,  re.  1.  An  appliance  for  enabling 
persons  to  converse  from  a  distance  as  great  as  two  miles 
without  a  connecting  wire.  It  consists  of  two  large  funnels 
for  collecting  the  sound*waves,  and  a  central  speaking«tube. 
2.  A  form  of  speaking=trumpet.  [+  Gr.  phone,  sound.] — 
meg'a-scope,  re.  1.  A  form  of  solar  microscope  for  throw- 
ing enlarged  images  on  a  screen.  2.  Phot.  An  enlarging 
camera. — meg"a-scop'ic  or -i-cal,  a.  Visible  to  the  naked 
eye. — nieg"a-the'ri-um,  re.  A  gigantic,  extinct,  sloth-like 
edentate.    [+  Gr.  therion,  wild  animal.]    meg'a-there}. 

Meg'a-ra,  1  meg'a-ro;  2  meg'a-ra,  re.  A  town  in  Greece  near 
the  Gulf  of  Corinth. — Me-ga'rl-an,  a.    Mc-gar'lof. 

Meg'a-rls,  1  meg'a-ris;  2  meg'a-ris,  n.  A  small  mountainous 
region  of  ancient  Greece. 

me 'grim,  1  ml'grim;  2  me'grim,  re.  1.  A  headache  con- 
fined to  one  side  of  the  head.  2.  pi.  Dulness;  depression 
of  spirits.  [  <  F.  migraine,  <  Gr.  hemi,  half,  +  kranion, 
head] 

mei'kle,  a.  &  re.    [Scot.]    Same  as  mickxe.    mek'illt. 

njei'nyt,  re.  An  army  or  retinue;  attendants;  household: 
crew.  [<  OF.  memee,  <  L.  mansio,  mansion.]  mei'niet; 
me'nyt;  mey'net;_mey'nyt. 

Mels"so"nier',  1  me"so"nye';  2  nie"s6"nye',  Jean  Louis 
Ernest  (1815-1891).    A  French  painter;  Relraite  de  Russie. 

meis'ter-slng"er,  1  mais'tar-sirj''ar;  2  mls'ter-sing'er,  re.  One 
of  the  burgher  poets  and  musicians  of  Germany  in  the  14th, 
15th,  and  16th  centuries,  the  successors  of  the  minnesingers. 
[G.,  =  mastersinger.]    mas'tcr-sing"er}:. 

melth,  1  mlth;  2  meth,  re.  [Scot.]  A  boundary;  mark. 

Mek'ka,  1  mek'a;  2  mek'a,  re.  A  city  in  W.  Arabia;  birth- 
place of  Mohammed;  place  of  Mohammedan  pilgrimage; 
taken  by  the  Grand  Sherif,  June  21,  1916. 

Me"kong',  1  me"kon';  2  me"kong',  re.  A  river  in  Tibet,  Siam, 
and  French  Indo-China;  2,600  m.  to  China  sea. 

mel"an-cho'H-a,  1  meran-ko'h-a;  2  mel"an-eo'li-a,  re.  1. 
Mental  derangement  characterized  by  continued  gloom  and 
depression.    2.  Melancholy.    [LL.] 

mel'an-chol-y,  1  1  mel'an-kel-i;  2  mel'an-eol-y.    I.  a.    1. 

mel 'an-col-yp,  J  Morbidly  gloomy;  sad;  dejected.  2. 
Suggesting  or  promoting  sadness.  3.  Afflicted  witli 
melancholia.  II.  n.  1.  Low  spirits;  despondency; 
depression.  2.  Melancholia.  [<  Gr.  melas  (melon-), 
black,  -1-  chole,  bile.]  Syn.:  (adjective)  see  sad;  (noun)  see 
ghif.f.— mel"an-chol'ic,  a.  Of  melancholy  temperament 
or  character.— meI"an-chol'i-cal-ly,  adv. 

Mi-I;ui<h  'ilinii,  1  mi-lank'fhan;  2  me-lanc'thon.  Philip 
(1497-1560).  A  German  Lutheran  reformer  and  scholar. 
Me-lanc'thont. 

Mel"a-ne'sl-a,  1  mel"a-ni'sTn-a  or  -sltn;  2  miTa-ne'shl-a  or 
-sha,  re.  A  chain  of  high  volcanic  islands  1 ,000  miles  oft  the 
E.  coast  of  Australia.— Mel"a-nc'sl-an,  a.&n. 

me"lange',  i  1  melons',  mel'anj;  2  me"lahzh',  mel'ang,  re.    A 

mel'ange,    (  mixtureormedley;also,aiiterarymlscellany.  [F.] 

mel'a-no-,  1  1  mel'a-no-,  mel'an-;  2  meLa-no-,  tnel'an-. 

mcl'an-,  )  From  Greek  melas  (mclnti-),  black:  combin- 
ing forms.— mel"a-no-chro'ic,  n.  Brunette;  having  dark 
hair,  skin,  and  eyes.  —  mcl'a-noid,  (/.  Looking  black  or 
having  a  dark  appearance. 

Mel'bourne,  1  mel'barn;  2  mel'burn,  n.  A  city,  capital  of 
Victoria,  S.  E,  Australia;  pop.  684,000. 

Mcl-clils'c-dce,  1  mel-klz'i-dek;  2  m81-efe'e-d8e,  n.  Mb.  A 
priest; king oi Salem.  Gew.xlv.18.  Mel-cntz'e-aek}  (R.V.), 

mel'der,  1  mel'dar;  2  mel'der,  re.  [Scot.]  The  (|uaniliy  of 
grain  ground  at  one  time;  a  grist.  [<  Ice.  meldr,  ■  mala, 
grind. I 

Mel"e-a'ger,  1  mel"i-e'jar;  2  mei'e-ri'ger,  re.  Or.  Myth  One 
of  the  Argonauts;  his  death  was  caused  by  Ids  mother, 
Althsea,  who,  i t i  a  nt  of  irnt'cr,  burned  i  he  brand  on  which  .'to 
oracle  had  stated  that  his  life  depended, 

mS"16e',  1  meals';  2  me/'le/,  ».    A  genera]  hand>to«hand 

fight;  an  affray.    [F.] 
mel'lc,  1  mel'ik;  2  mcl'ic,  a.     Suitable  for  Singing,  or  meant 

to  be  sung:  said  of  poetry      I       Gr.  melikOS,        melt 

mel'l-lot,  l  mci'i  loi  ;2  meTl -loi,  n     Vn  ralclover« 

like  herbs;  as,  the  common  yellow  melllot,  or  true  sweet 

clover.    [OF.,  <  Qr.  melildtos,      meM.boney,   I  »to*,lotus.] 

mel'l-nlte,  l  mel'i-nalt;  2  mfil'l-nlt, «.    Am    ploslvi  ofgreat 

power  yielded  by  combining  gunCOttOD  With  other  hiiIi- 
atancea.    [  <  Gr.  mellnos,  of  a  quince-yellow. ] 


me'lio-rate,  1  mfl'yo-ret;  2  mel'yo-rat,  it.  &  ri.    [-bat  - 

EDd;-RAT"iNG.]  To  improve,  as  in  quality  or  condition; 
ameliorate.  [<  LL.  mdioratus,  pp.,  <  L.  melior,  bet- 
ter.]    Syn.:  see  amend. 

— me"lio-ra'tion,  re. — nie'lio-ra-tiv  <■-. 

mellt,  1  mel;  2  mel,  it.  &  ii.  1.  To  mix;  mingle;  meddle  8. 
To  fight;  wrangle.    [  <  OF.  meU*  r,  medU  r;  see  meddle.) 

mel 'lay  §.  n.    Same  as  melke.    mel'lo)}. 

mel'li-,  mell-,  1  mel'i-,  mel-;  2  mSl'i-,  mel-.    From  I  atin 
mel,  honey:  combining  forms.  — mel 'lie.  a.     Pertaining  Co 
honey.— niel-lif'er-ous,  a.     Producing  or  bearing  I 
[+  L. fero,  bear.]    mel-lif'irl.     meTHI-fl-ca'tJon,  n.   The 
making  of  honey.  —  mel-lif'lu-ence,  re.     A  Bow  oi 
ness,    or   a    smooth    sweet    How.      inel-llflu-enl-lv  . 
mel-liflu-ous-lyt.     mel-lif  Ill-mis,  a.     Plowing  like  or 
as  with  honey;  sweetly  or  smoothly  flowing;  dulcet.     [+  L. 
fluo,  flow.]    niel-liflu-entt.     niel-lif'lu-ous-ness.  re 

mel'low,  1  mel'o;  2  mel'o.  I.  it.  &  m.  1.  To  make  or 
become  mellow;  ripen;  soften.  2.  To  make  soft  or  fri- 
able, as  soil.  II.  a.  1.  Soft  by  reason  of  ri]  eness.  2. 
Of  a  rich  or  delicate  quality.  3.  Companionable;  jolly. 
4.  Tipsy.  5.  Soft  and  friable,  as  soil.  [  <  AS.  mmru 
(mearw-),  soft.]     Syn.:  see  RIPE.—  mel  'low-ncss,  re. 

me-lo'dc-on,  1  mi-lo'di-an;  2  me-15'de-on,  re.  A  small 
reed-organ  or  harmonium,  [<  LL.  melodia,  song,  < 
Gr.  melodia;  see  Ml  i  ■ 

me-lod'ic,  1  mi-led'ik;  2  me-lfid'le,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  con- 
taining melody;   melodious,     nie-lo'dl-al}.     me-IodlCS, 

re.  The  department  of  musical  science  relating  to  the  pitch 
of  tones  and  the  laws  of  melody. 

me-lo'di-ous,  a.  Agreeable  to  the  ear;  producing  mel- 
ody; tuneful,     -ly,  adv.     -ness,  n. 

mel'o-dra"nia,  1  mel'o-dro'ms; 2  mSl'o-dr&'ma,  •  I.  A 
drama  with  a  romantic  story  or  plot,  and  startling  situ- 
ations. 2.  A  musical  drama;  an  operetta  3.  Am 
[<  Gr.F  melos,  song,  +  drama;  see  DBAMA.]  mel"o-dra- 
mat'ic,  a. — niel"o-dra-nial 'i-eal-l>,  adv.  inel'n- 
dram'a-tist,  re.    A  producer  of  melodramas 

mel'o-dy,  1  mel'o-dt;  2  mSl'o-dy,  ".  (-oiks',  pl.\  I.  An 
agreeable  succession  of  sounds;  a  rhythmic  BUCCession  of 
simple  tones,  commonly  in  the  same  key,  constituting, 

in  combination,  a  characteristic  and  pleasing  u  hi 

A  tuneful  poem  or  song  arranged  to  music      ■'!• 

The  air;  soprano.    4.  Rhet.  A  euphoi 

the  clauses  or  members  oi  sentences,     |  ^^  Gr.1  melot, 

song,  +  OdB,  ode.] 

Syn.:  harmony,  music,  unison.     Harmon;/  is  simultaneous; 
melody  is  successive;  liarmmn/  is  the  pleasing  correspondence 
of  two  or  more  notes  sounded  at  once,  melody  the  pli 
succession  of  a  number  of  notes  continuously  following  one 

another,    A  melody  may  he  whollj   n e  part;  harmonf 

must  be  of  two  or  more  parls.     Accordant  notes  of  different 

pitch  .sounded  simultaneously  produce  harmony;  in 

the  simultaneous  sounding  of  two  or  more  notes  of  the  same 

pitch.    When  the  pitch  is  the  same,  there  maj  bi 

tween  sounds  of  very  different  volume  and  quail 

and  a  bell  may  sound   in   tm1  On       l>  at   the 

Interval  of  an  octave  ari  o  he  in  unison,  altho 

tills  is  nol  literally  exad  ;  this  Usage  arises  from  the  fact  that 

bass  and  tenor  voices  in  attempting  to  sound  the  sami  note 

as  the  soprano  and  alio  u  ill  in  fail  soiin.l  a  note  an 

below.    Music  may  denote  the  Bimpli 

complex  and  perfect   liarno  (aparl   ft' Ui 

technical  orchestral  sense)   is  anj   pli  inoc  oi 

musical  sounds,  vocal  oi  Instrumental,  as  of  man]  accordant 
\-oices  or  instruments.    Compare   mitik.  bono;   row 
Aiit.:  discord,  dissonance 

mel'o-dist.  n.    1.  A  composer  or  singer  ol 

A    collection   01    melodies,      mel  'n-ill/r. 

ma.]   l.t.   To  render  melodious    II.  1    T ake  melody  or 

melodies. 
mel 'on,  1  mi  \  trailing  plant 

gourd  famih  ,  or  ii     fruit,  a     i  muskmelo     i 
mi  Ion      M   i     eItton»melon,         \  watermelon  ■ 
;i  hard'fleshed  fruit,     Its  nod  i  tron 

IMe'los,    1    inl'lo,  :'  in.    lo    ,   «       Same  as   Mn  ii     1 

Mel-pom'e-ne,  I  mc < 

i  he  muse  oi  trai  ■ 
Mel'rose,  1  ■  oUand, 

has  ruined  ' 
melt,  i  Bit,  «     [mi  i  ■'!  '■'  oi  mo 

,    ,    |    I .  |     I .  r?o  reduct 

,i,    ol   i      '-'■   '  ten  tin  hi 

cl 

i.l.  ml     I.  I 

1  I      , 

by  <t 

with  hi 

mell  er.         i    ■  im 

melt,  »      I.    'thing  mi  Itcd 

ing.    I,  The  Loslfl  fusing. 


n   la 


.-ran  iliiin 


null  "ii 
nit  rl. II. hi 


I.    \ 

imli  | 

ii    .  in    l>.  re  .1  . 
I 

I. 

1     .  I 

■  in  111   lir  1-11..11-.  in.  in    - 

I 

t,    \    tatuc  at 

I.  -»iit  <'f 

■.    one 

•  ml  or 

'•■ 

i 

I .  i  bins  to  be  remem- 

be  r.  - 

•  d   outline  ol   the 

:  membered  ] 

■   n-.il.  ri-al.     I.  a.     I 

I  person  or  of  any 

II.         l .  I  to  keep  m  remem- 

:.  mmary  or  presen- 

:. 

Me rial    day, 

in. -in.,  rl- il-l-i . 

in.  -mo'rl-al-lze       -l-<-, 
l  .".   I'o  commemorate, 

mr-ni'.r  l-t-  r.  I.) 

mi  in  i.-r> .  .  'o-ry,  n.    [-bizb*,  pi.)    1. 

neas  an  ftr '  n.  with  recognition 

remembrance;   recollec- 

;. 

remem- 

j.  .">.  'Ili.it 

•,./r.  mindful  ] 

SjT. 

-■•caJl«l:  in  a  more  general  sense,  memory  is  a  re- 
;.  ..f  the  mind,  while 

■  lh  know  n  consciously  be- 

.. limitary  or  Involun- 
a  thing  Is  br  ax- call  It  tor. - 

• 
••  mind  makii..  •  (Tort  to  recall 

,;..in  it  whin  re- 

turnlng  ol  tin- 
ier sur- 




iin-ii 


in.  in    .-r  i-l.ll   l-.i 


SJBM 
n.  pi. 


' 


in.  in  'o-r.i-l>l  e   ,   ;       '.'• 

in.  in  ..-r  i-i.i>  .  mem  o-ri/.  . 

I  8.  To  hold 

la  reiueiubrari'  i 

i  • .  1 . 

city  (pop    150.000) 

Mi  in  plil-.m, 


men. 


:.hls. 
■  il  of  MAX 

III'    II    '»l    I    .      . 

1.       i 

II 


I.         '        .'. 

;.  threat- 

men  'ae-lng-lj . 

mp'imp',  ;  i 

! 
me-nag'er-h-.  '•.  eollec- 

i  animals  kept  (or  «xhibitica.     It  \ 


i        o  ..    not,  *r;  full,  rflle;  but,  bftrn; 

il  I  I WOI  .      4M\ 

M.  ii   ii  —if  »ii.  I  the  in 

rt     " 

M.  -ii  mi   .  I  M-r  of  Slain. 

mi  nil   .  II 

.i •     '.'.  in  make 

I  .      I   ! 
II.  II   M>   ] 

iii.  ii. i   i-iii  .    .         iii.  in i  it,  n 

ii I.         I  ■■!  iii.  nding     '.'.   \ 

I  portion  ol 

III.   II-. 1. 1    l  loll-.      I  I  . 

\.l.|;  !    •  :  by  de- 

-i>  • 

-ness,  in.  ii-. 1. 1.     .-I  \  . 

Ml  ii  '.I.  I.  i.nxiir  Joli.iiin     1822    1884] 

\n  \  lirough 

perlmrnts  on  .  Mi  ndi  l*»  I  .»  . 

Ing  Hi.-  inln 
Oftsprll  Miii-iIi-  II-.iii,      .;       Mi'ii'ilt-l-lMll,      n         The 

■  forth  by  Mendel.     Men-dell- 

an-l-in    . 

M.  n'.l.l  — -oliii  It  ir-t  hoi  (|> .     1     m.  i.  Till;    2 

men'di                                  I  elll                                  \  I  ..•rnian 
composer;  Elijah;  i 

in.  ii  iii-i  .mi .  l  in.  n  ,li  Li.ni .  2  men'di-eant.    I.  a      I.'' 

duced  to  bi-KKiiry ;  bene  my      II.          Vb  ■■■■•■  ;ar;<  peclntiy, 

:i  1..  itiiu'  fii.ir.-  f  v,  i.   hi.  ;o/i.  .i/nf-i.v,  ppr.  of  mendico, 

linn  ill-r.in-i>  .  in.  n-dle  1-1)  .  n 

Men'do-cl'no,  1  mei  r      I  cape  on 

■  ■   '-  ■  i .  point 
Mrn'v-i.rii-.  i  men't-IO'us;  2  n  In  the  Iliad, 

kinn  of  Sparta  ami  husband  "i  Helen;  a  Greek  leader  al  the 

■lege  of  Troy. 
MmV-llk  II.,   1    n, i  i-  I  I    1013).     The 

emperor  of  Abyssinia  from  1889     Men'Mekt. 
iiH'ii-ha 'di'ii,  l  men-hS'dn;  2  men-ha'dn,  n,    A  shad'like 

Gab,  abundant   on   the    N    I 

coasl    '•!    the    I  i 

[Am.  Iml  ) 
iin-'iii-al,  l  ml'ni-el;  2  me'ni-al. 

I.  1.    Pertaining    b 

vanta.    2.  Servile     ll. 

doing  servile  work:   generally 

1  '!■'.,    lilt .     <  L.    JIM-  '•  '.  NSIOM  ) 

Syn  no •■ni-.ii-i> . 

me-nln'ges,  l   mi-nln'Jls;  2  me-nln'gee,  n.  /*/.     [mi 
sint).\  iter,  pia  mater,  and 

arachnoid)  enveloping  the  brain  and  spinal  cord,    I      Gr 
in.  ;    me-nln'ge-al,  a.   <  if.  per- 
taining to.  or  situate. l  near  the  i 

iiien"lii-Ki'(K,  1  men'in-joi'tis  or -jl  I  in-gl'tis 

ur   -gl'tis,  n.     Inflammation  of  the  enveloping  mem- 
branes of  an  organ,  especially  those  of  the  brain    (1..J 

mevnls'cas,  1  mi-nis'kuB;  2  me-nls'eus,  n.    [-ci  oi 
i.-.,/./)    1.  Any  en  dj      ;.  \  l< in   convex 

on  one  side  and  eoncave  on  the  othei     3.    Lnol     V.disk« 
like  bod)  found  in  some  joints.    [I..,   <  Gr.  m£n 
dim,  "f  a. 1 1., .  moon  I 

in.  n  'o-pause,  1  in.  i  ".    i  inai  . it 

of  the  menses;  change  of  life.    I  lonth,  |   vavO, 

(<  I,.  ;/..  int.  table  I 

men'sal  ;,  1  men'sel;  2  mi  n'    J,  a     Belonging  to  thi 

men 'sal3  (,  a.    Monthly.    [•  month.] 

men 'see,  l  men'slz;2  men'seg,  ".  pi.    a  periodical  Bow  from 

the  uterus  of  any  female  mammal:  occurring  with  women 

.    once  In  even  lunar  month,  the  menstrual  Bow.    [i... 

pi.  Ol  ii  h  1 

linn  -Iril-al  ,  ]   in.  Ti'stru-.-.l;  ;j  mi'iiSlm  -al.  </      1.  Continuing 

a  month; occurring  monthly.   Z.  Pertaining  to  the  menses. — 
men 'stru-ate,    i     [-at*»b*;  -at'ini,  |    To  discharge  the 

men  .  in.  n'-iru-a 'lion.     r».      men'strii-oiis,    o.       I. 

Relating  to  or  having  the  menses,   'i.  Bot    Lasting  a  month. 

men 'xtm-ai  .  1  mi  Q'sttu-Bl; :;  men'  iru-ai,  ./.    Pertaining  to 

a  menstruum. 
men  '-.(rii-iim  mi-iim,  n. 

or-uu  i      medium  in  which  a  substance  Is  dl  olved; 

i    until. | 
linn  '-u-r.il .  I  i    •  ■:'   I  u  '  •"     '  I  ■  '•'         Inlng  to 

■  nn  of  music  ■ 

■  ■l  by  Indicated  rhythm  and  mea  ure,  with  notes  and 

nn  n"-ii-ra  lion,  1  men"snu-rfi  i  hen;  2  mSn'shy-i  i 

I.    i  art,  or  process  of  measuring,    'i.  The 

branch  of  mathematical  science  that  bas  to  do  ^-^  1 1 1  * 

ol  lines,  surfaces,  or  volume.    :t.  I  be 

I  <  LL.  menauratut  ,  pp., 

men'sn>ra-bl(erl  a.    That  can 

be  measuri  'l      men'Su-ra-liH'l-ty,  n. 

•meat,  sufliz.    A  termination  used  to  form  from  verbs  nuuua 


Mellliatlell. 


1:8  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cfhin;    go;    n  =  sinr7;    fhin,   this.         melton 
497      2:  wolf,  dp;   bdok,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    ttlis.     meridian 


denoting  result,  condition,  action,  or  agency;  as,  achieve- 
ment, atonement,  document,  etc.     [<  L.  -mentum.] 

men'tal,  1  men'tal;  2  men'tal,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  the 
mind.  2.  Effected  by  or  due  to  the  mind,  especially 
without  the  aid  of  written  symbols.  [F.,  <  L.  men{t-)s, 
mind.]  -ly,  adv.— men-tal'i-ty,  n.  [-tiesz,  pi.]  1.  The 
sum  of  the  mental  faculties  or  powers;  mental  activity. 
2.  Cast  or  habit  of  mind. 

men'tal-,  a.  Anal.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  situated  near  the 
chin;  as.  the  menial  point.  [<  L.  mentum,  chin.; — men'tal, 
n.    A  plate  or  scale  of  the  chin,  as  in  snakes. 

Men'tha,  1  men'tha;  2  men'tha,  n.  Bot.  A  genus  of  odorous 
perennial  herbs  of  the  mint  family,  with  opposite  leaves  and 
small  flowers,  including  the  peppermint,  the  spearmint,  etc. 
[<  L.  mentha,  mint2.) 

men'thol,  1  men'thol  or  -fhel;  2  men'thol  or  -thOl,  n.  A 
white,  waxy,  crystalline  compound  having  the  odor  of  oil  of 
peppermint:  used  locally  as  a  remedy  for  neuralgia  and  simi- 
lar ailments.    [<  L.  mentha,  mint2,  -1 — ol.] 

men'tion,  1  men'slian;  2  mgn'shon.  I.  vt.  To  refer  to  or 
name  without  description.  II.  n.  The  act  of  mention- 
ing; allusion;  notice.  [F.,  <  L.  mentio(n-),  <  memini, 
remember.]  Syn.:  see  allude;  inform. — men'tion-a- 
bl(ep,  a.    That  may  be  or  is  fit  to  be  mentioned. 

men'tor,  1  men'tar;  2  mSn'tor,  n.  A  wise  and  faithful 
teacher,  guide,  and  friend;  an  elderly  monitor  or  ad- 
viser. [  <  Gr.  Mentor,  tutor  of  Telemachus.] — nien- 
to'rl-al,  a. 

men'u,  1  men'yu  or  (F.)  ma-nii';  2  men'yu  or  (F.)  me-nii',  n. 
A  bill  of  fare  or  the  dishes  included  in  it.    [F.j 

men'zle,  n.  [Scot.]  Same  as  meiny. 

Meph"Is-toph'e-les,  1  mef"is-tef'i-Uz;  2  mef"is-t6f'e-le.s,  n. 
A  familiar  spirit  who  plays  the  part  of  tempter  in  Goethe's 
Faust;  a  fallen  archangel  of  older  legends.  —  Meph"is-to- 
phe'li-an,  a. 

me-phit'lc,  1  mi-fit'ik;  2  me-fit'ic,  a.  Poisonous;  pestilen- 
tial; foul;  noxious:  often  figuratively  with  moral  application. 
[<  LL.  mephiticus,  <  L.  mephitis,  pestilential  exhalation.] 
me-phlt'i-cal}. 

me-phl'tis,  1  nu-fai'tis  or  -fi'tis;  2  me-fi'tis  or  -fi'tis.  n.  A 
noxious  exhalation  caused  by  the  decomposition  of  organic 
remains;  any  pestilential  or  deadly  gas,  as  from  a  cave,  mine, 
or  the  like.    [L.]    me-phl'tismt.  [mercury. 

iner.,  abbr.    Meridian,  meridional. — mere,  abbr.    Mercurial, 

mer  'can-tile, )  1  mor'ken-til  or  -toil;  2  mer'can-tll  or  -til, 

mer 'can-til8,  )  a.  Pertaining  to  or  characteristic  of 
merchants;  commercial.  [<  L.  mercan(t-)s;  see  mer- 
chant.] 

mer"ca-tan'tet,  n.    A  merchant.    [It.] 

mer'ce-na-ry,  1  mur'si-ne-n;  2  mer'ce-na-ry.  I.  a.  1. 
Influenced  by  desire  for  gaiD  or  reward.  2.  Serving  f<  it- 
pay  or  profit.  3.  PertainiDg  to  or  resulting  from  sordid- 
Dess.  II.  n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  A  person  working  or  serving 
ODly  or  chiefly  for  pay;  a  hired  soldier  in  foreign  service. 
[<  L.  mercenarius,  <  mcrces,  reward,  hire]  Syn.:  (adjec- 
tive) see  venal;  (noun)  see  auxiliary. — mcr'cc-na-ri-ly, 
adv. — mer'ce-na-ri-ness,  n. 

mer'cer,  1  mur'sar;  2  mer'cer,  n.  [Eng.]  Formerly,  a 
dealer  in  small  wares;  now,  a  dealer  in  cloth  or  silks.  [< 
F.  mercier,  <  L.  merx  (mere-),  merchandise] — mcr'cer-y, 
n.     A  mercer's  wares  or  place  of  business. 

mer'cer-ize,  1  mOr'sar-oiz;  2  mer'cer-Iz,  vt.  [-ized;  -iz'ing] 
To  treat  cotton  fabrics,  as  with  caustic  soda  or  potash,  so  as 
to  increase  their  color=absorbing  qualities  and  impart  to 
them  a  silky  gloss.  [  <  John  Mercer,  Inventor  of  the  process.) 
— mer"cer-i-za'tlon,  n. 

mer'chant,  1  mur'cTiant;  2  mer'chant,  n.  1.  A  person 
who  buys  and  sells  commodities  as  a  business  or  profit  ; 
a  trader.  2.  A  shopkeeper;  storekeeper.  I<  L.1  mer- 
can(t-)s,  buyer,  ppr.  of  mercor,  trade.]  mer'chan-disc,  it. 
1.  Commodities  traded  in  by  merchants.  2||.  Mercantile 
dealings;  hence,  profit.— mer'chant-a-bl(e>-,  a.  Thai  ran 
be  bought  or  sold.— mer'chant-man,  n.  Naut.  A  trading' 
vessel. 

Mer'ci-a,  1  mur'sTn-a  or  -st-a:  2  mer'shl-a  or  -cl-a,  n.  An  an- 
cient Angilan  kingdom  of  central  England,  later  annexed 
to  Wessex. — Mer'cl-an,  a.  &  n. 

mcr'cl-ful,  mer'el-less.    See  mercy. 

mer'cu-ry,  1  mGr'kiu-n;  2  mor'eii-ry,  n.  1.  A  silver* 
white  metallic'  element ,  liquid  at  ordinary  tompcralun  . 
quicksilver.  .See  element.  2.  The  quicksilver  in  a 
thermometer  or  barometer,  as  indicating  temperature, 
etc.  8.  [M-]  The  planet  of  our  system  neare  I  the  an 
4.  Rom.  Myth.  |M-]  The  herald  and  mi  i  ogi  I  oi  the 
gods;  god  of  commerce;  patron  of  heralds,  oh  - 
merchants,  and  thieves.     See   HeBMES.     5.    \   m 

ger.— mer-cu'ri-al,  a.    1.  Pertaining  to  tl I  Mei 

cury;  hence,  lively;  volatile.  2. '  if  or  relating  to  quicksilver. 
— mer-cu'rl-al-lze,  vt.  &  if.  1.  To  treat  with  a  medicine 
containing  mercury.  2.  Pltot.  To  treat  With  mercury  In 
developing.  8.  To  be  sprightly  or  fickle  mer-cu'rlc,  a. 
Ctiem.     Of,  pertaining  to,  or  containing  mercury  In  lis  high- 


est valence.— mer'cu-rous,  a.  Chan.  Of,  pertaining  to. 
or  containing  mercury  in  its  lowest  valence, 
mer'cy,  1  mOr'st;  2  mer'cy,  r».  (mer'cies7-,  pi]  1.  The 
act  of  treating  an  offender  with  loss  severity  than  lie  de- 
serves; also,  forbearance  to  injure  others  when  one  lias 
power  to  do  so.  2.  The  act  of  relieving  suffering,  or  the 
disposition  to  relieve  it ;  compassion.  8.  A  providential 
blessing.    4.  Unrestricted  powi  pun- 

ish or  spare;  full  control.     [<  F.  merei,    <  L.  n 
reward,  LL.  pity.] 

Syn.:  benevolence,  benignity,  blessing,  clemency,  com- 
passion, favor,  forbearance,  forgiveness,  gentleness,  trace, 
kindness,  lenience,  leniency,  lenity,  mildness,  pardon,  pity, 
tenderness.  MerCV  is  the  exercise  ol  less  seventy  than  one 
deserves,  or  in  a  more  extended  sense,  the  granting  of  Kind- 
ness or  favor  beyond  what  one  may  rightly  claim.  Clem- 
ency is  a  colder  word  than  mercy,  and  without  its  religious 
associations,  signifying  mildness  and  moderation  In  the  use 
of  power  where  severity  would  have  legal  or  military,  rather 
than  moral,  sanction;  it  often  denotes  a  habitual  mildness  of 
disposition  on  the  part  of  the  powerful,  and  is  matter  rather 
of  good  nature  or  policy  than  of  principle 
lenity  denotes  an  easygoing  avoidance  ol  severit] 
words  are  more  general  anil  less  magisterial  than  clemency; 
we  should  speak  of  the  hnit  ncy  Of  a  parent,  the  cU  mi 
conqueror.  Grace  Is  favor,  kindness,  or  blessing  shown  to 
the  undeserving;  forgiveness,  mercy,  and  pardon  are  exer- 
cised toward  the  ill-deserving.  Pardon  remits  the  outward 
penalty  which  the  offender  deserves.  dismisses 

resentment  or  displeasure  from  the  heart  of  the  oi Bended: 

mercy  seeks  the  highest  possible  good  of  the  offender 
is  also  used  in  the  wider  sense  of  refraining  from  harsh- 
cruelty  toward  those  who  are  In  one's  power  wlthoul  fault  of 
their  own;  as,  they  besought  the  robber  to  have  mert 
lenity;  pity.  —  Ant.:  cruelty,  hardness,  harshness.  Implaca- 
bility, justice,  penally,  punishment,  revenge,  rigor,  severity, 
sternness,  vengeance.      Prep.:    the  men  -  or  to- 

ward  sinners;  have  mercy  on  or  upon  one,  mer'el-less. 
a.  Having  or  showing  no  mercy.  Syn.:  see  BARBAROUS: 
implacable. — mer'ci-iess-ly,  adv.  mer'cl-less-ness, 
— mer'cy  =seat",  n.  1.  The  place  where  mercy  is  dis- 
pensed. 2.  The  golden  lid  of  the  ark  of  the  covenant  w  hence 
God  gave  his  oracles  to  the  high  priest,  and  upon  w  Inch  was 

sprinkled  the  hi i  of  the  yearlj  atonement. 

mer'ci-ful,  1  mtrr'si-ful;  2  mer'ci-ful,  a.  1.  full  ofn 
compassionate.    2.  Characterised  bj  oi 

Syn.:  benignant,  clement,  compassionate,  forgiving,  gen- 
tle, gracious,  humane,  pitiful,  pitying,  tender,  tender- 
hearted. The  humane  man  will  not  needlesslj  mil 
upon  the  meanest  thing  thai  lives;  a  merciful  man 
posed  to  withhold  or  mitigate  the  suffering  even  of  the 
guilty.  The  COmpaSSiOnati  man  sympathises  With  and  de- 
sires to  relieve  actual  Buffering,  while  one  who  Is  Immune 
would  forestall  and  prevent    the  Buffering  which  he 

be  possible.     See  (  ii  mm  i Mil  i  ;  GOOD;  HI  \i  km  .  PROF B. 

— mer'ol-ful-ly,  adv.  —  mer'cl-ful-ness,  n. 

mere,  1  mir;  2  mer,  a,  Such  (as  is  mentioned)  and  no 
more;  nothing  but.  [<  L.  merus,  unmixed,  hare  ] 
Syn.:  see  pure. — mere'ly.  adv.  Without  including  any- 
thing else;  only;  solely.    Ss  i 

mere',?;..    I.  A  pond;  l I     2.  [Scot  !  rhi 

mere,  n.    [Eng.l    A  boundary-line.     [•      \  bound- 

ary.]  —  mere 'stead,    n.      A    farm         iiicrc'stonc.  \ 

stone  used  as  a  boundary;  a  boundary-stone. 

Mer'e-dlth,  1  mer'i-dilh;  8  George  (1838 

An  English  novelist,  poet,  and 

mer"e-tri'ci<»us,  1  mer"i  !• 

Deceitfully  or  artificially  attractive:   vulgar;  tawdrj 
•>.  Pei  loin  i ;  wanton.    I  <  I.   m*  n 

<  mert  n,  gain  |    -ly,  ad V.    -lies-,. 

mer-gan'ser,  1  mar-gan'ser;  2  ml 

waier-  inni  with  too  ing  the  uppei  i 

the  bill.    I  ■    i.  "■• 
merge,  1  murj;  :.'  n 

I '..    ink  i  he  ident  it  v  or  imli\  idualii 

Into  Bomethln  [else.   [<  1  "' 

merg'er,  n.    I.  Law  Theoxtlngul  limeni 

right,  or  llabllltj  In  a  greater  one     8.  Om  win  i       ■•■ 

a  commercial  combination  ol  o  number  oi  mo 

i  one. 

Me'rI-da,  I  ml  'rl  mo;  2  ml  'rf-th«      li 
mc-riili-aii.   L  mi  >"      '■    '      ' 

tainii  ■'  attained  bj  llio 

sun  in 

.    t  or  i  oi".  i  < 

II.  i 

■;.   i  iron     i  I  I  he  trertical  pi  u 
i  ,,,,     01    '     p  u  ill  1    to 

tia.1  poll      plane  »i  the  mertdl  in 

(2)       I  irClo     HI     Which     till        plaie       : 

rclcsllal   inn  hll.ui  I. 


mil  AplAMIt 


I 


not.  flr:  (nil.  rtta;  but,  bttmj 

i         i  A  .   188 


nn-rlit   I- 


•  iii.l  ol 

in,  r  h.  I 

II  I 

llltilv. 

ich  de- 

l.  ni.l  <>r 

I . 

I  <    I.. 
■wrtm.  <  in.  r  i-i.i  - 

rl-..u-  -I). 

merkel. 

in.  rw     .  mi 

.ii  blackbird 

111.  rill;. 

WHcrmy  abc  . e  an,: 

■ 
M.  r  1 1  n. 

:■>  t.at.  -»-«  »  \\  •  i-\  magician. 
m.  r  Ion,  -'Ion.  n.    The 

solid   pan 

-mbrasurcs.         I  l 

in.  r  in.iiil. 

hav- 

Amcrlcan  Merlin. 

■ 
in,  rin  i i<i  •  ii        in.  r  in  hi.  n.    a  tabled  marine 

in,  r  ,.-1,1.1-1 . 
in.  r    ,.-l,l.i-    li<  .  I 

in.  r' '..t-iin.  1 1,  .  0   ■    who  claims  to 

from  gnostic  and  agnostic. — 
il-i  lam, 

,vlng  a  specified  number  o( 
■out,  etc. j.     [  < 
■  iromat.  dlv:  : 
M  ->ln  'gl-an.     I     :•-—.:.  -an,    n. 

' 
..  ....   ...    ,,   i  -  .•.,...;.  •-.-....  who  under  •      i    .  •  founded  the 

MiT'Vn  III  'gl-an:. 
M,  r",.-\ln  iri-an,  n. 
M.  r  ri-m  i,  .  1.  A  Confederate 

.  :    <       ••■..:.•.,:  :r.'|,,  i-i'.,  :.  I  he  Federal  "Monitor" 

river  In   New 

1  10  m. 

1 1 i •  - r  ' r > .  til-KB!  mku'iii-k-t  ; 

I .  full  of  fun;  jovial; 

livening.     (  <  A.S.  merige, 

pleasant  1 

Synj  blithe,  blithesome,  facetious,  (roUcaomi 
trl  a/'. 

II t  111- 
iJBA 

hi.  r   rl-l\  .  in,  r   rl-nu  nl.  ■         i 

■ 

ni.-r  r>  ian"dren  ,  n      \  <  tow  I 

in     i>>  r, mil, i . 
• 
in.  r  D-m  ik.     .  in,  r  ri-ni.iL' ■  r.  nn-r  'r>-mak"- 

lii*. 

ri i «-r  o-thought".  Ft.     'I 
bone  of  a  fowl's  bn 
m«>r-i<lll.--.  in,  r\.i>lle:. 

in'  ■-.  i  mo-.  2  mes-.    From  Greek  metos,  middle:  a  combining 
form. 


nn-r  <<-.  mi  r-. 


Ml,  mill  flat  tableland 
lundlng 
I  Mi  ta, 

M. 


Bh 


iin    -*l   li   am  i 

i 

H  ' 
i't 

■ 

:•  •*  ' 

in.     .i  ,ii,   -  . 

Plural  Of     m  IDAM      III         ines'Me- 

iiiiil-»illi-   .  Plural  i  if  \i  \M  MOISI  i  i  i 

iiii'-MiiiK',  1   mi  nil  I  !    .  1. 1     it 

B    MM  DINKS. 

in,    -.  I  ■ .  •.      \  leper, 

III,  -     ,   n-i  i  - 1  •  1 1  '.1-1. ill.  I 

I  v  i  in  w  .'-.         iiiCN-cn'Vc-plial  'lc.  liii-s'Vn-lcr 'lc, 

■  iti">"rii-ti-'rl-al:. 

in,- ,  n-i,  r-\ .   .  a  fold  of  the  peritoneum  that 

Invests  an  Intestine  and  connect*  it  with  the  abdominal 

wall;  especially,  tin'  fold  Investing  the  small  Intestine,    [  ( 

nitron.  Intestine.]    mc-Yii-tc'rl-iun   . 

■  iit-oii.  l  mesh;  2  in.         i.  1.  To  net;  make  into 

a  mesh  or  network     '-'.  1  •  ■  ■  atangle;  tobeooi ogaged, 

II.        I .  ■  :  i be  open  space   bel  n eon 

the  oords  ..i  a  net  or  thi  ■  \.  .  in  the  plural, 

such  cords  or  win  '-'•  Anything  thai  en« 

tangles  »r  involves;  ;i  trap.    •!•  Mtch.  The  engagement 
or    meshing   of   gearHeeth.      I  •'    AS.    mux,    mesh.] 
mesh  > .       Forming  or  f  ■  'work. 

Me'shach,  1  ml'shi  \  Bebrew 

Ion,  607  B.  l '.     Dan.  III.    Se<-  Sn  U5RACH. 

mes'l-al,  r  ml'si-sl;  2  n  I  jl-al,  a.   Bltu- 

ated  in  or  directed  t, ,w ar.i  the  middle;  median,     I-     Gr. 

mesl-an  .    mesial  plane,  the  mi  onor 

ol  the  bod]      mcs'i-ai-i) .  adv. 

mes'mer-lsm,  1  mes'mer-izm;  2  meg'mer-lgm,  I, 

(emplified  by  Franc  Mesmer  (1733 

1815),  thai  one  person  can  produce  in  another  an  ab- 

,1  condition  resembling  sleep,  during  which  t  Ik- 

mind  ol  the  subject  remains  passively  subjecl  to  the 

will  of  the  operator:  now  identified  with  hs  pnotism.    2. 

Persona)  magnetism      mes>mer'lc,         Pertaining  to, 

r  resembling  mesmerism,    mes-mer't-ealt- 
iiii".-incr'i-cal-l> .   ad        mcs'iner-M,   n.      1.   A    profes- 
aerlser.    '1.  \  believer  In  mesmerism,     mes'- 
iner-i/,-.  -I-I-.        '  1. 1      -i/.'iM,  i    To  control  or  Influence 
by    mesmerism;    hypnotise;    flguratlvely,    to 
iiii-"iucr-i-/a  '     •   —:i'  (Inn,   n       me-  'tner-lz";,,r  -ls"|er, 

u.    <  mi-  who  mesmerises. 

mesne,]  i  ho.  Being  between  two  periods  or 

extremes.    [OF.,  <  L.  medianus;  see  mean1,  a.] 

mes'o-,  iin">-,  1  mes'o-,  mes-;  2  mes'o-,  mes-.  From 
(,r,-«-k  tm  o  .  middle:  a  combining  form,  mes'o-blast,  n. 
Tin-  middle  germinal  layer  ol  the  embryo.  [+  (;r.  biastos, 
L-irin  ;  mes'o-carp,  ».  Bot.  The  middle  layer  ol  a  perl- 
i  ir  larpos,  fruit.] — mes'o-derm,  n.  I.  The  mid- 
dle germ-layer  of  the  embryo,  from  n  blch  are  developed  i  in- 

muscular,  vascular,  and  0  'I.  Bot.  The  inlcl- 

dii-  layer  of  the  wall  ol  a  moss  and  capsule.    [+  t;r.  derma, 

in.  -'n-ili  r  nial.   /       s"o-der'inle.  a. 

mes 'on,  p».    I.  The  plane  that  divides  the 

idlnally  Into  two  symmetrical  halvi    .  the  median 

or  mesial  plane,    t.  ■  -imrd:  a  loose  use.    [<  Gr. 

Idle.] 

mes'o-plast,  l  mes'o-plasi  \  eeii«nucicus. 

mes^o-plas'tle,  >i. 
Mi -"n-pi»-ta'nil-a,  1  mes'o-po-tC'  ,-i>o-ta'ml-a, 

i.  i    .  country  between  the  rivers  Tigris  and  Eupl 

.i-im,  ol  Turkey  In  Asia;  143,250  sq  m.;  pop.  2,000,- 

immi       Mes"o-pi»-ta'ml-aii. '/ 

iiie^"o-tlio-rac'le,  s.    <  if  or  pertaining  to  the  mesothorax. — 

iiies"o-tho'rai,  n.    Bntom.    The  middle  one  of  the  three 

■  the  thorax,  bearing  the  anterior  wings  ami  the 

Mc-"i,-/i,'ic .  l  in, -">,-/, ,'n  .  2  ml   "i,-/i"i'n  .  n     Qeol.    The  era 
Paleozoic  and  the  i  ^ies"o-zo'l<-,  a. 

tne>-i|iii'ie,  l  in.  -  I'te,  n     Either  of  two  shrubs 

ofthi  bean  family  of  the  southwestern  United 
I  ml  1    mes-<(ult't. 
iin ■--    .  I.  t.     1.  To  provide  meals  for. 

•;.   1-,  make  into  messes     II.        To  eat  regularly  in 
company;  belong  I 
in.--    .  olloq.]  1. 1.  1.  To  mix  up  together  In  a  disorderly 

dirty;  befoul,    -'i.  To  throw  Into  hopeless 
on.    II.  f.    To  make  a  mess  or  mixture. 
iin-  ,  n.    1.  A  quantity  of  food  sufficient  for  a  particular 


1:8  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    mi  =  ottt;    eil;    iu  =  feud;    <<hin;    go;    1J  =  B\ng;    fhin,   this.       meringue 
499  2:wQlf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    bflrn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,   this,   metapluMii 


occasion.  2.  A  number  of  persons  who  habitually  take 
their  meals  together,  as  on  board  ship.  3.  The  sum  or 
total  of  a  haul  of  fish.  [<  OF.  wies,  dish.] — mess's 
kit",  re.  The  cooking*utensils  of  a  camp=equlpage,  some- 
times with  the  chest  containing  them. — mess 'mate",  n. 
An  associate  at  a  mess,  especially  on  board  ship. 

mess-,  re.  [Colloq.]  1.  A  state  of  disorder;  especially,  a  con- 
dition of  unclean  confusion.  2.  A  confusing  and  embarrass- 
ing situation.  [Var.  of  mash,  re.] — mess'y,  a  — mess'i- 
ness,  re. 

mes'sage,  1  mes'ij;  2  mes'ag,  n.  1.  A  communication, 
as  of  information,  sent  in  any  way.  2.  A  formal  com- 
munication from  a  chief  executive  to  a  legislative  body. 
[F.,  <  L.  missus,  pp.  of  mitto,  send.] 

mes'san,  1  mes'3n;2  mes'an,  a.  [Scot.]  Same  as  messin. 

mes'sen-ger,  1  mes'en-JBr;  2  meVfin-ger,  n.  1.  One  sent 
with  a  message  or  on  an  errand  of  any  kind.  2.  A  fore- 
runner; herald,    mes'sa-gert. 

Mes-si'ah,  1  me-sai'a;  2  mg-si'a,  n.  The  Anointed  One; 
the  Christ.  [  <Heb.Gr  Mashi ach,  anointed.]  Mes-Si'asJ. 
— Mes-si'ah-ship,  re. — Mes"si-an'ic,  a. 

mes'sieurs,  1  mes'yarz  or  (F.)  me"syu';  2  mes'yer§  or 
(F.)  me"syu',  n.  pi.  Sirs;  gentlemen:  in  English  in  the 
contracted  form  Messrs.  (1  mes'rz;  2  mes'rg),  as  plural 
of  Mr.  [F]  [dog.     [<  OF.  mastin,  mastiff.] 

mes'sln.  [Scot.]  I.  a.  Currish.  II.  re.  A  common  or  mongrel 

Mcs-si'na,  1  me-si'na;  2  me-sl'na.  n  1.  A  province  in  Sicily; 
1.254  sq.  m.;  pop.  537,348.  2.  Its  capital,  a  commercial 
city;  pop.  150.000;  devastated  by  an  earthquake,  Dec.  28, 
1008.— Strait  of  Messina,  a  strait  between  Italy  and 
Sicily;  20  m.  long  by  2\  to  12  m.  wide. 

Messrs.,  abbr.     [F.1     M essieurs  (gentlemen) . 

nies'suage,  1  mes'wtj;  2  mes'wag,  n.  Law.  A  dwelling- 
house  with  its  belongings,  outhouses,  etc.  [  <  OF. 
mesuage,  <  L.  mansio(n-),  mansion.] 

mes-tee',  1  mes-ti';  2  mes-te',  re.  [W.  Ind.]  The  offspring  of 
a  white  person  and  a  quadroon.    [Contr.  of  mestizo.] 

mes-ti 'zo.  n.  Any  one  ot  mixed  blood;  in  Mexico  and  the 
western  United  States,  a  person  of  mixed  Spanish  and 
Indian  blood.  [Sp.,  <  L.  mixtus,  pp.  of  misceo,  mix.] 
mes-te 'sot;  mes-ti 'not. 

met,  imp.  &  pp.  of  meet,  v. 

met-,    )  prefix.    Used  (1)  in  words  of  Greek  origin  to  mean 

meta-,  ^"between,  with,  after,  over,  reversely";  (2)  (Chem.) 

mil  b-,  )  to  denote  resemblance,  etc.  [  <  L.  meta-,  <  Gr. 
meta-,  <  meta,  between,  after,  reversely.] 

met.,  metaph.,  abbr.  Metaphor. — Met.,  Metrop.,  abbr. 
Metropolitan. 

me-tab'o-llsm,  n.  1.  Biol.  The  act  or  process  by  which 
on  the  one  hand  the  dead  food  is  built  up  into  living 
matter,  and  by  which  on  the  other  the  living  matter  is 
broken  down  into  simpler  products  within  a  cell  or 
organism.  2.  Entom.  Metamorphosis.  3.  In  pen-try, 
a  change  from  one  meter  to  another.  [  <  Gr.  metabolos, 
changeable,  <  meta,  beyond,  +  ballo,  throw.]  me-tab'o- 
lyf. — met"a-bol 'lc,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  exhibiting 
metabolism.  2.  Pertaining  to  change  or  transformation  in  a 
disease. 

met"a-car'pal.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  metacarpus. 
II.  re.  One  of  the  bones  of  the  metacarpus.  [  <  meta-  + 
Gr.  karpos,  wrist.] — mef'a-car'pus,  re.  The  part  of  the 
fore  or  thoracic  limb  between  the  carpus  or  wrist  mid  the 
phalanges  or  bones  of  the  finger.  It  constats  in  man  of  five 
bones.  [4-  Gr.  tarpos,  wrist  ]  met"a-ccn'tcr,  mef'a- 
cen'tre,  re.  Hydrostatics.  That  point  in  a  Boating  body 
slightly  displaced  from  equilibrium  through  which  the  re- 
sultant upward  pressure  of  the  fluid  always  pusses.  [4-  Gr. 
kentron,  center.]  center  of  cavityt.  me("a-rcii  'trie,  </. 
— mc-taeli'ro-nism,  n.  A  chronological  error  consisting 
In  assigning  too  late  a  date  to  an  event.  [  t  Gr.  cJ 
time.]— mef'a-chro 'sis,  //.  The  power  or  changing  color 
at  will,  as  in  certain  lizards.  [  I  Gr.  chrO  <  .  coloring, 
chroa,  color.]  — met"a-gen'e-sls,  n.  Hint.  I.  A  kind  of 
alternation  of  generations  in  which  a  series  of  generations 

of  unlike  forms  conic  bet  ween  the  egg  Mini  the  parent   i  •  pe 

IS.  Development  of  an  embryo  Into  an  organism  unlike  the 

parent,  as  In  alternation  of  generations      I  I    genesis.] 
met"a-Ke-net'ie,  a.    me-tag'na-thous,  «     Having  the 

points  of  the  mandibles  crossing  each  01  her.  as  iii  tin  cro 
bill.    |  ,    Gr.  gnathos,  law  I     met"ag-nos'tlc.    I.  »      Be 
yond  the  knowledge,  whether  of  tic  sense  or  tin-  under 

standing,  of  man  us  at   present   constituted;  metapl 

II.  n.    [Recent  I    one  who  holds  that  there  |g  a  Supreme 

Being,  but  thai  he  transcends  knowled    ■ 
mefag-nos'tl-clsm,  n.    [Recent  1    Philo      'the  doctrine 
that  there  is  a  positive  knowledge  of  tin-  Kb  oiiite  attained, 
not  by  the  logical  reason,  hut  t ■ ;.  a  high)  t  rell    lo 
ness.  — mefag-nos'ties,  //.     Metaphysics,  as  going  b 
ordinary  knowledge;  philosophy. 
met'al,  1  met' el;  2  met'al,  ».     1-  An  elemental-]     ub 
stance,  usually  hard,  heavy,  Lustrous,  malleabli 
cious.  and  a  good  conductor,  as  iron,  gold,  tin,  etc.    2. 


Something  composed  of  one  or  more  of  the  metallic  ele- 
ments, or  supposed  to  resemble  them     3.  The  constitu- 
ent material  of  anything;  essentia]  quality.     I  <  L  °* 
metallum,  <  Gr.  metaUon,  metal] — nie-tal'lie,  o.    1. 
cm, laining.  or  having  characteristics  of  a  metal,    'i.  Pertain- 
ing to  a  metal.— mefal-Uf'er-ous,  a.    yielding  n  ■ 
me-tal'li-form,  a.     of  the  form  or  nature  of  t,., 
met'al-lin(es,  o.    Relating  to.  having  the  properties  of  or 
resembling  metal.— nut 'al-Iist,  n.     1.  one  who  works  In 
or  has  special   knowledge   of   metals       •'.    An   advocate  of 
metallic  money  as  against  a  paper  currencj      met 'al-Nt:. 
— met'al-Iize,  vt.    To  turn  into  a  metal      met  'al-INr   . 
met'al-lur"gy,    n.     The  art   of   economically   extracting 
metals  from  ores,  as  by  smelting  and  aliening      meCal- 
lur'gie,  met"al-lur'gi-cal,  «. -  met  'al-lur"glst,  n. 

metal.,  metall.,  abbr.    Metallurgy. 

nie-tal'lo-,  met'al-,  1  mi-tal'o-,  mefel-;  2  me-tal'o-, 
mSt'al-.  From  Greek  m  tatton,  metal:  combining  forms. 
— met"a!-log'ra-phy,  n.  1.  The  science  that  treats  of 
metallic  substances;  also,  a  treatise  on  metals  •».  J'rtnt. 
A  process  for  utilizing  metal  plates  In  a  manner  similar  to 
lithographic  stones.  3.  A  process  of  Imitating  the  grain  of 
wood  on  metals.—  met  'al-loid.  I.  a.  Chem.  1.  Resembling 
a  metal.  2.  Of,  pertaining  to.  or  having  the  proper) 
metalloid,  mefal-lol'dalf.  II.  n.  Chem.  One  of  those 
non«mctallic  elements  that  resemble  the  metals  m  some  of 
their  properties,  as  arsenic  and  antimony. 

met'a-mer,  n.  1.  Chem.  A  metamerlc  compound.  2.  Bat. 
A  planVpart.  [<  meta-  +  c;r.  meros,  part]  pin  't  .►- 
merf.— me-tam'er-al,      me-tant'er-ous,  met'a- 

mere,  n.  Zool.  One  of  the  series  of  segments  that  form  the 
body  of  a  vertebrate  or  articulate  animal,  as  a  worm.  [  + 
Gr.   meros,    part.]      me-tam'e-ront.     inet"a-mcr'lc,   a. 

1.  Chem.  Having  the  property  of  or  possessing  metamerism, 

2.  Zool.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  being  a  metamere  met"a- 
mer'i-eal-ly,  adv.— nict'a-mer-lsiii.  n.  1.  Chem.  A  vari- 
ety of  isomerism  in  which  the  compounds  have  not  only  the 
same  percentage  of  composition,  but  also  the  same  molecular 

weight.   2.  Znni  Disposition  In  metameres;  the  state  ol  being 

a  metamere.    met 'a-mer"yt. 
niet"a-inor'pho-sis,  {  l  mefa-meVfo-sis;  2  met'a-mor  - 
met"a-mor'fo-sisp,   jfo-sfe.n.    [-seb*.  pi.]    1.  A  passing 

from  one  form  or  shape  into  another;  especially,  tin' 
series  of  marked  external  changes  through  which  an  in- 
dividual passes,  as  the  larva,  pupa,  anil  imago  oi  an 
insect.    2.  Chemical  decomposition.    3.  Bot.  The  change 

or  modification  ,.!   one  organ  into  another,  as  stamens 

into  petals,    met'a-mor"phyt.    4.  1'nth, ■!.  A  morbid 

change   of  the   elements   ol    tissues   into   another   form. 
[!>.,  <  Gt.  metamorphosis,  <  meta,  over,  +  morpht,to\ 
met"a-mor'phlc,  </.     1.   Producing  metamorphlsm.     ■-'. 

Pertaining  to  or  exhibiting  metamorphlsm  lliet"a-mi(r'- 
phlSm,  ll.  1.  The  changes  taking  place  iii  rocks  and  due  to 
heat,    moisture,   pressure,   etc       '!.    Any    metfl rphosls 

mefa-mor'phose,  vt.    [-phosed;  -phos-ino.]    To  change 

the  form  of;  transmute.     met"a-mor'pliUei.      S\ 
CHANGE. 

met'a-phor,  1  met'a-fer;  2  met'a-for,  »      A  ooure  <'f 

speech    in    which    one   object    is    likened    to   K&Otbei    bj 

speaking  ot  n  as  if  it  wen-  that  other:  distingui  hedfrom 
simil  i'\  doI  employing  any  word  ol  comparison,  suoh 

as  'like'   or  'its.'      [<   Gr.    tin  to/thorn,    <    n 

phcro.  bear.]     Syii.:  see  OXEOORT:  SQfTLl        I     i-plior'l- 

eal,  ,i        Etl  I .■  1 1  iii;-   to  or  abounding  In  metaphor,    figurative. 
lllet"a-pllor'ie;.      met "a-phor 'l-cal-l\  . 
met  'a-plirasi'.    1.  vt.    [-PHRASED; -PHRA  instate 

wordforword.    II.  w,    1.  A  literal  translation    '-■    \ 

In  response;   retort.      3.   A   school   exercl  '"   the 

rendering   of  a   piece  of   poetry    Into   pri  Into 

Vert  '■       I         mi   i  I  Ql  -  I'cal.   i      llie-l.ipli    i   . 

met  'a-phrast,  n.    I  Mie  n  ho  I 
met" a-phras'tlc,   a      [tendering   or   rendered   tiu 

met":i-phras'(l-i  al; . 
iiieC'a-phjs'ics.  |  I   mefa  t..   m  I. 

met"a-fj  b'Ic8p,    i  i  !  ol  the 

in  i  pi  He  i  ind  "i  I «  li 

Speculative  philo  oplij  in  the  wit 
ciple    ol  philo  ophj   b    applii  d  to  I 
partii  L  Mental 

ohologj       ...  In  i '"  wilderiiiB 

di  i  ii    ion       I  -     Gr.'    met  ■   I 
It 
.,(,,.,  |  H  mi  i    i  phi     i<        mi  '    ' 

phyi'l-cal,  a.     -i>.  ad\      mefa-phy-nrdan,   n.     Ona 
ph    ,,       mefa-phy*'l-rUtt< 
met'a-plasm,  form  •■<  pnnopln  m  found  lo  the 

walls  an.i  granular  com  i  '     '  ' 

me-tas'ta-KlH,         '    •  ■   ,,,ll,t' 

Inn,  Biol    Metabol 

■;.    i/.        it.      rilft.li 

II,  III:, 

place  |       mel  "a--lal    l<  .  i    -I..I    l-i  al-l). 


hiilk.-lT   la  ,.»....  I  i  B      "    Ar:  full .  rOl.- :  l.nt.  bdrnj 

\lr\lcu  .11  i    i       i  i  ii.  nAt.  or,  wta,M0 


it  i    i-  / in.  i  - 


in.  ii 


!•••• 


I  II. 

I 

I    .     I 

in  the 

I,    -        .Ill       I. .Mill. I- 

-.  be  -I-. 

. 

I .  A  lui    ■ 

it  tor  from  the 

■ 

istion : 

.'. 

i 


me  - 

•-ii.. 
I 

met  ■ 
r?..v-.-  •!...•  I  M 

- 
-Ute] . 

in  .  '  t  .-..  - 
r  I  t     lc  . 
Pertaining  to 

in  •      I  <■  -  ..r- 
olil. 

able     - 

par*  '  la!  spaces.  [  4- 

:n  .  i        ■•  phenomena  of  the 

.■ 

i ..r    o-logl-eml,  iiir"ti--ur"i>-lii^'ii ■".      in.    - 

(.-••-  logy. 

in.    dr..  1 . 

mi-'tn-.  of  a  given  length; 

DThechar- 
isible  into  d 
:r  in  rhythn  . 
a  of  a  bar  or  mea 


AhnU'hito  ("the  Ti-rn")  Meteorite. 

ftl  la  Awnow  Hukud  at  Nktunl  H.;i..r»,  »w  Y<rk.) 


sure. 


■nm,    <    (Jr.    metron, 


phony   Is 

ipply  to  a 
irda  apply 

ihm  and  ■ 
li.  or  I 
in;  rhythm  or  n 


Syn  -asure. 

■ 
quant. 


may  apply  either  to  pre*.  AanMng 

i/an,  appllei 

m  with  regular  dlvl- 

■  'i.  stanza-  trlrtly  a 

■tar./-  writing 

as,  prose  and 

nn-'d  r  .  I.  tratus,  or  machine 

mi-  ir.  .  irrente, 

lined.     2.  Any 
person  or  thing  that  measures.    [  <  AS.  metan,  measure; 


in.      I.  I      ...  •  .    ;    I  i-.uU 

fOI    in.  .rnr.  incut 

mi    d  r  .  i  Fundamental  unit  of  length  In  thi 

nil-  in-,   i  m,  originally  defined  as  one  tnn*mil- 

n  the  earth  .in  the 

i 
i 

-in,  l.  r.  Ii  It  D)    which  u  l!ilni;  ll  mcii- 

I      ■  .■.  Q| 

111.   1.        \    ,'  .1 

Ml  Hi   . 

1 1 1 .  1 1 1   . 1 1 1 .  . 

.:  bj  decompi  I  an  Importanl 

Hum  <•(  uiumlnatlnaxaa,     [<     ksthtl.]     mifih'i 
- 
me-theg'lln,  1   mi  flicg'lm    2  '"•  thejflln,  n      \  fermented 

iirinK  made  of  water  and  b ij  .  mead     I  ■    W,  wuddygltn, 

•  ,.i.   ■   ilyn,  liquor  I 
iiir-thlnks'.  ;  2  mP-thlnka',  f   impert     [MB- 

i  in >i  ..ii  i '  ]  fJPont.]   fteeemetome    |  ■    AS.  mi  thynetth; 
■  •    s   oi  lc,  i.  thyiiciih.  8d  per.  ■    pres    Lnd    ael    ol 
.  em.] 
1 1 !<•  1 1 1  <»<l,  l  mi'tli'.iil .  2  mfith'od,  "     1.  \  general  oi 
liahed  way  or  order  of  doing    2.  Suitable  and  convenient 
arrangement     SLOrderh  procedure     4.  .Yuf  II,  i  The 
arrangement  of  natural  bodies  according  to  their  com- 
mon characteristii  -      •».   A   mode  of  applying  logical 
principlee  to  the  discovery,  confirmation,  or  elucidataon 
■  meta,  after,    t    hodo», 

u.i  U  iNM-.li.  BULB",  SYSTEM. 

RfonteSSoH  met  hod.  ■  System  Ol  teaching  small  rlill- 

dren  i>>  training  i ii.-ir  senscperceptlon,  and  by  directing 
tiinr  activity  rather  than  by  controlling  it:  devised  by  Dr. 
Maria  Monteesori,  "f  Rome,  Italy,  In  1807  me-thodT- 
•  ii.  i.  .  ■  to  or  characterised  by  orderly  arrange- 
ment    B.  arranged  with  method,     me-thod'lcj.    me- 

(hod 'l-ral-l)  ,  mi         nielli 'nd-l/.o,  i       |-izui;  -iz'isii.)     I. 

t  To  subject  to  method;  regulate.  II.  <  To  act  methodi- 
cally, meth'od-lsel.  s.vn.:  see  bxgii.wk  mctir'od- 
ni  'o-gj ...  i  be  science  ol  method. 
Meth'od-lst,  1  me£h'ed-ist;  2  mStn'od-fat,  n,  1.  A  mem- 
ber of  any  branch  of  the  Proteetanl  Christian  church 
that  bag  grown  oul  "f  the  religious  movement  Ih-kuu  by 
John  w  .  -1'  y  2.  [m-]  An  observer  "f  method  or  order. 
iiiiih 'oil-ism,  n.  l.  The  state  of  being  methodical.  2. 
|M-|  The  doctrines,  polity,  and  worship  of  tin-  Methodists. 

mrtli"oil-|s'tlc,    iintli"iMl-ls'tl-cal,    a.      I.    Given    to 

odlsm.    2.  |M-|  Relating  to  the  Methodists. 
metb'ol,  1  mefh'OI  or -el;  2  mfith'ol  or  -fil,  n.    chrm.    Any 
prim;.  ■  peolally  methyl  alcohoL    (<  Gr.  mi  thy, 

■     -OL.) 

ill i'- tin i uk lit ',  1  mi- 1 hi, r ;2  ml  -t hot',  imp.  of  lUTUlNaB,  ", 
■le-thu'se-lah,  1  mi-thnl'si^s;  2  me-thu'se4a,  n.  mil.   s<m 
of  Enoch;  a  Hebrew  patriarch;  lived  969  yean,    am.  v,  -7. 
meth'yl,  l  meth'il;  'Z  meth'yl,  n.  CHem.   An  organic  radical. 

■iililnatlon,  us  In  methyl  alcohol,  etc.    [< 
Av/,,  wood.]     meth'ule;.     nictli'y-latc,  it. 
To  m  '■  Ith  methyl  or  methyl  alcohoL     nn-ur- 

y-lene,  n.    An  organic  radical  known  only  In  combination. 
me-thi  I  'lc,  n.    Pertaining  to  or  containing  methyl. 
mc-lii'ii-iinis.  1  tiii-tik'yu-lii.-;  2  nn-tic'yu-lus,  a.  Care- 
ful about  trivial  matters;  finical;  particular.     [<  L. 

fear  |      me-tlc'u-lous-ly,  mli . 

m»'-"tlcr'.  1    mi-'i  ■,  ,•'.  2  mc'iyc'.  n.     Trade;  profession.    [P.] 

me"  tl>'.  ]  mi  ■'ti>'; :.'  mc'iis'.  n.    Any  one  of  mixed  blood,  as  a 

mulatto.    II'..  =  IU8TIZO.]    me"tlsse'J.  —  me"tls'sa|{e,  n. 

Miscegenation. 
iiicioii..  Metonymy. 

1 1 1 1  - 1  < .  1 1 '  \  - 1 1 1  > ,    1    mi-ten'i-mi;   2   me-ton'y-my,   n.      A 

figure  of  speech  tnat  consiste  in  the  naming  of  a  thing 
i  I,.-  crown"  for  the  "kinK" 

or  the  "royal  power."     [<  Gr.LL  metonymia,    <  meta, 

after.    +    onyma,    name.]-  mcfo-nyni'lc,   a.     met"o- 

ri>  in  'l-cal:.     mct"o-iijm'l-cal-ly,  m.u  . 
met'o-pe1,  1  mefo-pl;  2  met'o-p8,  n.    Arch.    A  wiuare  slab, 

sculptured  or  plain,  between  triglynhs  in  a  Doric  frieze. 

.  ,-    in, It, pi.   <   in, In.  between.  +  opt.  hollow.) 
met'o-pe  .   «      The  face,   forehead,  or  frontal  surface.     [< 
meta,  between,  +  Ops  (Op-),  eye.) 
me'tre,  n     Same  ss  ubteb 

iiiel'ric,  1  inet'rik;  2  nn'i'rir,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  measure 
or  rrnter  2.  Pertaining  to  the  meter  aa  a  unit  of  mea- 
surement  or  to  the  metric  system. 

The  Metric  System. 

This  ls  a  system  of  weights  and  measures  depending  upon 

nrhicfa  the  original  factors  are  derived  from  the 

m  Includes  measures  of  length,  of  which 

isures  of  surface,  of  which  the  art  is 

the  unit:  measures  of  capacity,  of  which  the  itt,  t  is  the  unit ; 

and  weights,  of  which  the  gram  ls  the  unit.    Ascending  In 


l:a  = 


final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  feud;    cliin-    eo-    n  =  sin/i-    fh.r,    **.;„    M  ,i ,  h  niL..fT 
5012:  wplf,  dp;  bdok,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   bQrn;   oil,  boy;  g^'gem;   ink!   fe   ££  mSS 


value  from  each  unit  the  measure  is  multiplied  by  ten,  and 
bears  a  Greek  prefix  indicating  its  value,  as  decameter,  which 
Is  10  meters;  hectometer,  which  is  100  meters;  kilometer, 
which  is  1,000  meters;  and  myriameter,  which  is  10,000 
meters.  Similarly  descending  in  value  the  terms  bear  Latin 
prefixes  indicating  their  relation  to  the  unit,  as  decimeter, 
which  Is  '/io  of  a  meter;  centimeter,  which  is  '/ioo  of  a  meter; 
and  millimeter,  which  is  Viooo  of  a  meter.  The  following 
tables  show  the  various  units  with  corresponding  factors  in 
other  systems.  The  metric  system  has  been  legalized  by 
the  United  States  and  Great  Britain,  is  in  use  in  almost. 
every  civilized  nation,  and  is  the  accepted  standard  among 
scientific  men  of  all  nations. 

Measures  of  Length. 


Metric  Denomination 
and  Value. 

Equivalent  In 
Common  Use. 

10,000  m 
1,000  m 

100  m 

10  m 

1  m 

Vio  m 

Vioo  m 

Viooo  m 

6.214  miles 
5  0.62137  mile  (3,280 

me'ter 

39.37  inches 
3.937  inches 

0.3937  inch 

mil'li-me'ter 

0.03937  inch 

Note.  In  the  United  States  the  value  of  the  meter  is 
legalized  at  39.37  inches,  while  in  Great  Britain  and  France 
its  exact  value  is  given  as  39.37079  inches. 

Factors  for  Conversion:  One  inch  =  0.0254  meter; 
one  foot  =  0.3048  meter;  one  mile  =  1609.35  meters. 
Abbreviations*:  cm  =  centimeter,  dm  =  decimeter,  km 
=  kilometer,  m  =  meter,  mm  =  millimeter. 

Measures  of  Capacity. 


Metric  Denomination  and 
Value. 

Equivalent  in 
Common  Use. 

NAME. 

Liter. 

Cubic 
Measure. 

Dry 

Measure. 

kil'o-ll'ter 

(stere) 

hec'to-lfter. . . . 
dec'a-ll'ter 

1,000 
100 
10 
1 

Vio 
Vioo 
Viooo 

1  m» 

Vio  m8 

10  dm> 

1  dm' 

Vio  dm' 

10  cm3 

1  cm3 

1.308  cu.  yds. 

2  bush.,  3.35  pecks 

9.08  qts. 

0.908  <|l. 

dec'i-li'ter 

cen'tl-irter 

mil'li-Ii"ter 

6.1022  cu.  In. 

0.6102  cu.  In. 
0.061  cu.  in. 

Metric  Denomination  and 
Value. 


Name. 


kil'o-li'ter 

(stere) .... 
hec'to-li"ter. 
dec'a-H"ter.  . 

li'ter 

dec'l-irter.  . 
cen'ti-ll"ter. . 
mll'U-irter.. 


1,000 
100 
10 
1 

Vio 
Vioo 
Viooo 


Cubic 
Measure. 


1  m> 

Vio  m' 

10  dm3 

1  dm3 

Vio  dm3 

10  cm3 

1  cm3 


Equivalent  In 
Common  Use. 


Liquid 
Measure. 


264.17  gals. 
26.42  gals. 
2  61  gals. 
1.0567  qts. 
0.845  gill. 
0.338  B.  oz. 
0.27  11.  dr. 


Factors  for  Conversion:  One  cubic  inch  o.oin-i 
liter;  one  bushel  =  (U.  S.)  35.24  or  (British)  36  35  Huts; 
one  quart  (dry  measure)  =  1.1011  liters;  one  peck  (U  8.) 
8.81  or  (British)  9.09  liters;  one  cubic  yard  =  765  liters; 
one  fluid  dram  =  0.00369  liter:  one  Quid  ounce  0.0296 
liter;  one  gill  =  0.1183  liter;  one  quart  (liquid  measure)  = 
0  9163  liter;  one  gallon  standard  (231  cubic  Inches)  = 
3.785  liters:  one  gallon  Imperial  (277  CUblG  Inches)  I  543 
liters.  Abbreviations*:  cl  =  centiliter,  cm1  cubic  centi- 
meter, dal  =  decaliter,  dl  =  deciliter,  dm3  cubic  deci- 
meter, hi  =  hectoliter.  1  =  liter,  m'  =  cubic  meter,  ml  = 
milliliter,  mm3  =  cubic  millimeter. 


Measures  of  Surface. 

Metric  Denomination  and 
Value. 

Equivalent  In 

Common  1'kc. 

io.i Mi- 
mo  m« 
1  m3 

2.171  acres 

1 19.6  square  yards 

i  ,550  square  Inches 

Factors  for  Conversion:  one  square  inch 
Square  meter;  one  square  yard         0.836  square  meter,  one 
acre  -  4.047  square  meters. 

Abbreviations*:  a  =  arc,  ha  -  hectare,  m>  -  square 
meter. 


Weights. 


Metric  Denomination  and 

Equivalent  in 

\  alue. 

Common  1  se. 

Name. 

Gram. 

Avoirdupois 

l  tensity. 

\\  eight. 

miTlier' 

(tonneau).. 

1. (inn. noti 

1  m3 

quin'tal 

100,000 

1  hi 

myr/i-argram. 

10.000 

10  1 

22  046  pounds 

kil'o-gram.. .  . 

1,000 

1  1 

hec'to-gram... 

100 

1  dl 

dec'a-gram. . . 

10 

10  cm3 

gram 

1 

1  cm' 

grains 

dec'i-gram . . . 

Vio 

cm* 

rains 

cen'ti-gram.. . 

Vioo 

io  mm' 

rain 

mil'Ii-gram..  . 

Viooo 

1  nun3 

rain 

Factors  for  Conversion:  one  grain  -  0.0648  gram- 
one  avoirdupois  ounce  =  28.3495  grams;  one  troy  ounce 
=  31.103  grams:  one  pound  =  453.59  grams.  Abbri  (na- 
tions*: eg  =  centigram,  dg  declgram/g  kilo- 
gram, mg=  milligram,  q=  quintal,  t  -tonneau  (millli 
.  *  Officially  adopted  abbreviations  by  International  Con- 
gress of  Metric  Weights  and  Measures. 

met'ri-cal,  1  met'n-kel;  2  meYri-cal,  a.  1.  Relating  to 
meter;  composed  in  poetic  measures;  rhythmical,  'i. 
Pertaining  to  measure  or  the  meter;  metric. — met'ri- 
cal-ly,  adv. 

me'trist,  1  mi'trist  or  metfrist;  -J  me'trist  or  mefrlst,  n.  one 
versed  in  meters  or  skilled  m  metrical  composition;  a  verse- 
maker,    me-tri'clanj. 

me'tro-i,  l  ml'tro-;  2  mS'tro-.  From  Greek  mitra,  womb 
(<  meter,  mother):  a  combining  form. 

met'ro-2, 1  met'ro-;2  mgfro-.  From  Greek  metron,  measure: 
a  combining  form.  —  met 'rc-graph,  it.  An  apparatus  for 
registering  the  speed  ol  a  railway-train  and  the  places  and 
duration  of  stops.    [■    metro-3  +  Gr.  grapHO,  write.] 

metrol.,  abbr.    Metrology. 

me-trol'o-gy,    n.      The    science    that    treats    ol    s\  stems    of 

weights  and  measures  or  of  units  of  measure;  also,  a  metro- 
logical   treatise.       [<    METRO-*    +    -LOOT.]      met"ro-log'l- 

cal, o. — me-trol'o-glst,  n. — mefro-nome,  n.  An  instru- 
ment for  indicating  and  marking  exact  time  In  music,  con- 
sisting usually  of  a  reversed  pendulum  whose  period  ol  vibra- 
tion Is  regulated  by  a  shifting  weight.    (  V  Gr.  nemos,  law  ] 

me-trop'o-lis,  l  mi-trep'o-Us;  2  me-trop'o-us,  n.  |-t  iai  s, 
pi.]     1.  A  chief  city.    2.  Eccl.  The  seat  of  a  metropoli- 
tan bishop.  [<  Gr.  metropolis,  clt   .  •      .  motl 
polls,  city.  1    Svn.:  see  CAPITA1        iiiet"ro-pol  'l-lan.     I.  , 
Pertaining  to  a  metropolis.     II.  n.     I.  An  archbishop  whi 
exercises  a  limited  authority  over  t  lie  bishops  ol    the   sain 
ecclesiastical  province.    '!.  A  citizen  of  a  metropolis, 

-metry,  snitix.    Denoting  the  process,  science,  or  art  or  mea- 
suring, as  geometry,  hygrometry.     [<  Or. -mefrta,  mi 
niciit,  <  metron,  measure.] 

Mct'ter-nlch,  l  met'er-nlH;  2  mSt'er-nlH,  Prince,  Clemens 
Wenzel     Nepomuk     l.othar     (1773    1859).       \n     \ 
diplomat  ami   rtati   man 

met'tle, )  1  met'l;  2  met'],  n.    The  stuff  oi 

mt't'I1',    \  which  a  thing  is  com] I .  ■    pecial 

tutionai  temperament  oi  di  po  ition;  specifically, 

age;   ardor.     |.\    var.   ol   UBTAL.]      s.  n;   nee  m.i 

met'tl(e-soiiie'',  a.     3s  pint;   ardent; 

llery.    met 'tied   . 

Metz,  1  mets;  2  mets,  n.    A  fortiOi  6  I  of  1  orralne, 

Germany;  pop,  69,000;  itirrendered  by  the  French  to  the 
Germans,  <  »cl    29,   1870 

Ille'lllll,   1   inl'iim:  :.'  ine'um,   pron,    Mine:  beloi 

used  colloquially  In  the  phrase  meum  and  tiuun. 

and  thine,  one's  own  and  anothci 
Meuse,  i  mldz or  (F.)  mOi  win 

E.  France  and  Belgium ;  soem 

Germans  and]   Frencb  and  German    and   Hoi  11)14 

lol.v 
mow1, 1  inio;:.'  nni.  i  [Imitative] 

mow  ,  .        i  o  up  or  in;  immure;  confine 

iiifw't,  vl.  4  i  ■  licit     |      'H  i    mulo,  froq  ol 

INI/1,11,    move   | 

mow,  n,    The  ordin  I  llll" 

mew1!  ■      '  I    ■'  ini-»  '■ 

men  ,n     i  ■  \  cage  foi  moll  Inn  bird 

A  stable      Bee  mi  I       '  'I  '  '■  mi  » '.  i  I 

mewl,  I    mini .  2  mill       I  I  II      .        \n 

[Froq  of  mi  « '.  •  1 

me«s,  i  i mdon  In  wblob  the 

royal  hoi  t    were  formerlj  kept:  bonoe,  an)  olty  stable, 

Mei.,  abbt  Ico 

Met  'i-ci>.  L  mi  1.  ral  republic  in 

B.  North    Vmi  •  i   »q    m  .  pop    i.,  502, I.  A 

sian  in  i  ai  m  .  pop  t. ,000.   3.  ii    capital 


,i  ^         \  i  I  i  ,.  ..  Or.    fall,  rttlo;    Lilt.  I-Orii; 

millennium       i  .  |     .         I      I         ...  i     i        i  i  ...  not,  Or,  won.  MM 

t^..  \  .  microbe  or  bacterium 

i.  ni  riil'rro-ph '•■<    magnifying   (aim 

<  ;r    pMnl, 

Mi  sound  ml    .  I  ..-|.ln 

mi  .  mil.  i   ma  I  I  ron        mil  i  -,r  mleTon,  n. 

.mi. .mi.  ..f  ■  men  n i  .. 

utnblnallon  .... 

mull  | 

mi  .  r..-M  ..p. .  n      \  1 1  in-i  riimt-ii  i  '  ■■  •    i  In  ob- 

serving mlouti 


M 
M 
III.  I    u 

lllrl    It 


I.I  i.  ..ill.. 

town  In 
•  ii  the 

m.  I        i  in    /    /■•   ri- 

ll half-relief. 

I    .  I 

II. 

1  —    1 1     ••.. .-.-  ,   midtl 

id)       infil.. 
mfg.,  Manufactui 

Ms  ,  Mag- 

;    . 

M     II     (.   . 
M  .11    ■  .  I  ember  of  llu   I 

|J.  The  DOtC  K.      (It. | 

1 .  i  '      tool  iIm-  diatonic  scale 

..     n.        [-MA-TA,     ;./ ] 

m.     |  <  <  '.r 

ml  asm   .     ml-.i-  iii.il,    ii.      Abounding    In 
mi  .I--IM  iii..  r  produced  by 

mi    .i  —  m  it    l-r.il    :    nil-.i-  'ml.     . 
mi-ail   .  i   •..     Satin-  as  Mt ■«  '• 

M 

mi  .  ,i.  >  ml'oa,  n.     A  silicate  that  cleaves  in 

•  to  translui 
mi-,  .i  'ceous,        r.  rtalnlng  t...  contaln- 

Mi  .  .1.. 


in.  i 


Ml- 


Mj 


ml.  . 
mi-.i- 


Ml- 


1.    \  Hebrew  prophet  con- 
'.'.  Ills  prophetic  book. 
.  r.    .  ;  2    nii-.  a'ber.    it.      In    I  Hi 

nn   unpraetleal   optimistic    man, 
thing  'o  turn  up." 
Plural  of  WOt 

'l, -laU. 

1 1  Res.  xll, 
troi    i' 
Mn  ii  ..■  - 1 . .  : - .  The  feast  of 

rlj  rent-day  in  England. 
ml.  be,  l"  skulk; 

ini.ii..     mlrii  Vr*.  f».    A  sneak«thlef;  an  Idler. 

i-.nrw.-l...  I  n'Ji-lo;  2  mTeei-an'ge-lo,  Bu- 

itallan  sculptor,  painter,  and 

France. 

•  i '.  1  mKh'lA';  2  mich'  ■      Jul.  - 
Ml.lii-.  .  'l-gan,  n.    A  north-central 

074,560; 
:I.  Landing-    1.  ik.    M.. 

main;  300  m.  i 
nil'k   I.  .  I.  I.   Large; 

area-      I  II.        I.  A  large  amount  or  quan- 

rruptlon,  a  small  amount  or  quan- 

ml.r-.  ml'er-,  ml'ero-.  From  Greek 

in  I   .  r..-. 
ml  .  robi  . 

ml-,  r. .'In .      ml-rnriil-.il.  nil- 

c  ro  bl-.in  : :   nil-,  ro  'lib  ■: .      ml-iro 'hl-clilc,  n       \ 

ibi  ■■kill.-r. 
mi  ".  r..-l.l-ol  '1.-1:1  .    . 

nil"rn>-hl"u-log'l-ral. 
m.    ■  ro-M-Ol  'o-glst,  n. 
ml"rr.^r.K-'rij-.  '<  i.  p|  |     A  bacterium  bavin 

mi  'ero-eosm, 
1 
I  rorld       ml"ero- 

.11.-.        -mil-',      ml".  TO-COt  'mle  Ot  -cos  'ml-eal,  a. 

mi-Hi:,     ml'ero- graph,    n       I.    \    panto- 

.•  or  engraving. 

ml-crog'ra-ph) , 

ml"ero- 
graph'o  phone,  ordlng  and  re- 

.1  jrraphophone  w  Ith 

mi-.  r..ni  '•  -1.  r.  1  . 

measuring.  ill  per  or 

gage  arret.. 

ml-,  rom  '■  -i.  r  <  il"l-p.r  : .      nil"cro- 

-n-.  ii.        Relating  to  or  made 

-    of  minute  measurement      nil-erom '.- 
tr> .  •       :  rrement 

of  minute  dimensions   and   arit,'|p-i  — ml"ero<or'gan-|sm, 


features    ..r    ob]<  i 
would  b..  InvlslhU    without 
mCero-aeop'- 

i. .  i.  Pel talnlng  to  the 
adapted  lor 
iniiiiii..  observation.  'i- 
Made  « lib  the  mli  i 
:t.  i  looedlngl]  minute. 
inl"erii-s(  ..p'l-.  il;.    Svti.: 

'.'    >  !    i  Mil    '- 

<  ro-M  op  'l-ral-l)  , 
inl-er.is  'eo-pj  .    . 

of  examining  objeots  with 
themlcroscope  nil-enis'. 
en-plsl,  ,       inl'i  ro-sprr'- 

tro-seope,  n  \  oomblna- 
1 1. .11  of  the  microscope  ami 
spectroscope  for  observing 
the  absorptive  spectrum  ol 
a  minute  bod]  ml"cro- 
spo-ran'gt-tMn,  «.  lint,  a 
Bporanglum  producing  or 
containing        microspores. 

ml  "cro-spo'rangc  :. 

ml'ero-apore,  n,     /•■  i      \  The  Microscope. 

.small    asexually    produced    t  c  i    ...»..,.. '.i.u-; 

spor.'.  male  In    function      ■'.  •  i i -» t ■••  ■■ ..- .. ..    •  tn  - 

mt'criMome.   n.       <  >n.    Ol  l—mitmtmmi  -■ 

is      Instrumenl 
making  very  tiiin  section  .,.  ,.i.r 

for    microBCople    observa 

lions.      [  |      (lr.   tomi,     cut-  Jfc  BB*n  P«ta>|  t.  atilsBj  tabs, 
ml",  ro-tomlc,  a. 
nii<k  l  mid;  ii  mid,  ".    Middle:  sometimes  treati  .1 

tive,  lint  properlj  pari  ol  a  compound  word.    I  • 
W;  cp.  i.   medius,  middle.]— mid 'day".    I.  n     Pei 
talnlng  to  the  middle  ol  the  day.    II.  n.     Noon,    mid'* 
linur",  n.     1.  Midday,    't.  An  hour  between  two  other 
hours     mid 'rib",  n.  Sol,  The  central  or  main  rib  of  a  leaf . 
mid 'ribbed",  a      mid 'stream",  n.    The  middle  ol  the 
stream.— mid 'most,    ./.      Same    as    uiddlbmost.     mid' 
noon.  a.    The  middle  ..r  the  <ia\-. 
mid,  prep.    i.  [Poet.]  Amid;  among,    'it.  with, 
mi. I..    -  jr.    Middle,  midshipman. 

Ml 'das,  i  mal'dae;  l'  ml'das,  n.  Or.  Myth,  a  kini;  of  Phrygla 
who  «as  granted  the  power  or  turning  everything  thai  be 
touched  Into      .i 
mid  Men.  l  mld'n;  2  mld'n,  n.    1.  Same  as  kitcbi  n«ioddi  •• 
rig.]  A  dunghill,  or  heap  of  refuse.    [Dan 
heap  1 
mid 'die,  |  1  mi.l'l;  2  mi.ri.    I.  a.    1.  Occup 
mill  I  .     (  tion  equally  .list. ant  from  the  extremes;  mean 
■;.   Occupying  any   intermediate   position.     8.  Gran 
Bee  mi i ui i  i.  \  in.  i  ,  under  von  i..     II.  /. .     I.  The  pan 
-.    distant    from   the  extremities.     '*.  Something 
rmediate.     [<  AS.  middel,  middle,   <  mill, 
mid.]    Syii.:  mld'dloaged",  a      Being  bt 

tween  youth  and  old  age.  -  middle  ages,  the  period  in  Euro 
1 1.  a  1 1  history  from  the  down  fall  of  Rome,  A.  D.  176,  to  about 
A.   I)    l.'iiin.      m.  class,  //.     ivrtniniHK  to  the  mlddli 

—  m.  class,  i  occupies  an  Intermediate  poc n 

socially,     mid 'die-man,  ».    One  who  acts  as  an  agent;  one 

who   buys  In   bulk    from    producers  and   resells.      Ulld'dle- 

niost",  n.    Near,   i  to  I  fie  middle. 
Mid 'die-ton.    l    mld'1-ten;  •>   mld'1-ton,  Thomas   (1670? 

An  English  dramatist;  Tin  Spanish  G 
mld'dllnK,  1  1  midTin;2  mld'ling,  o.    I.  Of  middle  rank, 
mid 'lint;'',  [condition,   quality,   etc.;   medium.     '£.    In 

tolerable  health,    -ly,  adv. 
mid  iIIIiiks.  i  mldlins;  2  mldllngg,  n.    The  coarser  part  of 

ground  wheat  hed  from  flour  and  bran. 

mid'dy,  l  mld'i;  Smld'y,  «     [Colloq  1    A  midshipman. 
Hld'gard",  1  mld'gdrd';  2  mld'gard*,  n.  Norse  Myth.  The 

earth,  the  abode  of  men. 

midge,  1  nili:  •>  rnldg,  a.     1.  A  gnat  or    mall  Oj      'i-  A  dwarf. 

•   I      mi. lit'.  I.  ii      A  v.-ry  small  dwarf. 
Mld'l-an,  1  mld't-8n;2  mld'l-an,  n.    iuh.    A  nomadic  tribe  of 

N    W.  Arabia.     Ex.  II.  1.1.     Mld'i-an-lte,  ft.     Mld'l-an- 

lt"|sh,  a 
mid 'land.  1  midlend;  2  midland.    La.    In  the  interior 

country.    II.  '..    The  interior  of  a  country,  especially  of 

England,  where  it  is  used  in  the  plural. 


1:  a  =  final;    l  =  habltj_    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;     iu  =  fewd;    cliin;    go;    Q  =  smg;    thin,   this.      Meyerbeer 
SIM  2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    tins,  millennium 


mid'night",  1  mid'nait";  2  mid'nlt".  I.  a.  Pertaining  to, 
occurring  in,  or  like  the  middle  of  the  night;  dark. 
II.  n.    The  hour  of  12  o'clock  at  night. 

mid 'riff,  1  mid'rif;  2  mid'rif,  n.  Anal.  The  diaphragm. 
[<  AS.  midrif,  <  mid  (see  mid)  +  hrtf,  belly.]    mid 'rift. 

mid 'ship",  1  mid'snip";  2  mld'ship",  a.  At  or  pertaining 
to  the  middle  of  a  vessel's  hull. — mid 'ships".  I.  re.  pi. 
The  midship  timbers.     II.  adv.   Naut.  Amidships. 

mid'ship"man,  1  mid'ship"man;  2  mid'ship"man,  n. 
[-men,  pi.]  1.  [U.  S.]  A  student  at  the  Naval  Academy 
at  Annapolis  or  at  sea  prior  to  becoming  an  ensign.  2. 
One  who  holds  the  intermediate  rank  between  a  naval 
cadet  and  the  lowest  commissioned  officer  in  the  British 
navy. 

midst,  1  midst;  2  midst.  I.  re.  The  central  part;  middle. 
II.  adv.  In  the  middle.  III.  prep.  Amidst.  [  <  AS. 
midd.]    Syn.:  see  center. 

mid  'sum"mer,  re.    The  middle  of  summer. 

mid 'way".  I.  o.  Being  in  the  middle  of  the  way  or 
distance.  II.  n.  1.  The  middle  or  the  middle  course. 
2.  [U.  S.]  The  space,  at  a  fair  or  exposition,  assigned 
for  the  display  of  curiosities,  etc.     III.  adv.     Half=way. 

mid 'wife",  re.  [mid'wives",  pi.]  A  woman  who  assists 
at  childbirth.  [<  AS.  mid,  with,  +  wif,  wife.]— mid '- 
wife"ry,  re. 

mid'win"ter,  n.    The  middle  of  winter. 

mien,  1  min;  2  men,  n.  The  external  appearance  or 
manner  of  a  person;  carriage;  bearing.  [  <  F.  mine,  < 
It.  raina,  <  menare,  conduct.]   Syn.:  see  air2,  re.;  manner. 

miff,  I  mif;  2  mif.  [Colloq.]  I',  vt.  To  cause  to  be  slightly 
vexed  or  displeased.    II.  re.    A  huff. 

might,  1  mait;  2  mit,  imp.  of  mat,  v. 

might,  n.  Ability  to  do  anything  requiring  force  or 
power;  strength.  [<  AS.  miht,  <  magan,  have  power.] 
Syn.:  see  power. — might'y.  I.  a.  [might'i-er;  might'i- 
est.]  1.  Possessed  of  might;  powerful;  strong.  2.  Of  un- 
usual bulk,  consequence,  etc.  Syn.:  see  powerful.  II. 
adv.  [Colloq.]  To  a  great  degree;  very  much.  [<  AS.  mihlig, 
<  miht,  might.] — might'i-ly,  adv. — might 'i-ness,  re. 

mi"gnon-ette',  1  min"ysn-et';  2  mIn"yon-St',  n.  A 
North=African  plant,  bearing  small  flowers,  and  widely 
cultivated  for  its  fragrance.    [F.] 

mi 'grate,  1  mai'gret;  2  ml'grat,  vi.  [mi'grat-ed'1  ;  mi'- 
grat-ing.]  To  remove  from  one  country,  region,  etc., 
to  another,  especially  in  companies.  [  <  L.  migratus, 
pp.  of  migro,  remove.]     Syn.:  see  emigrate. 

— mi-gra'tion,  re.  The  act  of  migrating.— mi'gra-tor, 
re.  ml-gra'tlon-istl. — mi  'gra-to-ry,  a.  Pertaining  to 
migration:  roving,     mi'grant?.  [Jap.,  'exalted  gate.'] 

mi-ka'do,  1  mi-ka'do:2  mi-ka'do,  re.    The  sovereign  of  Japan. 

mil.  1  mil:  2  mil,  re.  Elec.  A  unit  of  length  in  measuring  the 
diameter  of  wire;  '/iooo  inch.     [<   L.  mille,  thousand.] 

mil.,  milit.,  abbr.    Military,  militia. 

mi-la'di.  1  mi-la'di;  2  mi-la'di,  re.    My  lady.    [It.] 

Mil 'an,  1  mil' an;  2  mil'an.  re.  1.  A  province  in  I.ombardy, 
Italy:  1,221  sq.  m.;  pop.  1,833,950.  2.  Its  capital;  pop. 
663,059.  [AS.  meolce,  <  meolc,  milk.] 

milch,  1  milcn;  2  milch,  a.    Giving  milk,  as  a  cow.     [< 

mild,  1  maild;2  mild,  a.    1.  Moderate  in  action  or  disposition. 
2.  Expressing  kindness;  calm.    3.  Moderate  in  effect  or  de- 
gree.    4.  Not  of  strong  flavor.    [<  AS.  milde,  mild.] 
Syn.:  see  bland;  charitable;  pacific. 
—  mild'ly,  adv.  —  mild'ness,  n. 

mil'dew,  1  mil'diu;  2  intl'du.  l.vt.&vi.  To  taint,  or  be- 
come tainted,  with  mildew.  II.  re.  1.  Any  one  of  va- 
rious fungi  that  attack  plants.  2.  A  decay*  <l  condition; 
any  mold,  as  on  walls  or  clothing.  [  <  AS.  meledeaw.] — 
mil'dew-y,  a. 

mile,  1  mail;  2  mil,  re.  1.  A  measure  of  distance:  5,280 
feet.  See  measure.  2.  A  measure  of  .surface:  640  at  re 
[<  AS.  mil,  <  LL.  ?reteia,  <  I.,  mille  (se.  pasruum,  of  paces), 
thousand.] —geographical  or  nautical  mile,  one-Sixtieth 
of  a  degree  of  the  earth's  equator,  or  (1.0S7  ft.  That  of  the 
United  States  Coast  Survey  Is6,080  27  ft.  (1,853.26  metei  . 
that  of  the  British  Admiralty  6,080  ft.,  and  that  of  Prance 
1,851.9  meters  (6,076.1  ft.),  mllc'agc,  n.  I.  I  be  length 
of  anything  measured  In  miles.    •£.  compensation  per  mile 

for  expenses  of  travel.      mllc'  =  |>ost",  in.  :stonc,  ii  .      \   post 

or  stone  set  up  to  Indicate  distance  from  6  given  point. 
Miles,  1  mailz;  2  mils.  Nelson  Appleton  (1839  ).     An 

American  lieutenant-general;  fought  In  the  Civil  war;  also, 

in  the  Spanish-American  war. 
Mi-ie'sian',  l  mi-ll'shan  or  -;/,;>n;  2  ml-16'shan  or  -zban.    I.  a. 

Pertaining    to    Miletus.      II.    re.      A    native    or    dil/.en    Of 
Miletus. 
Ml-lc'sian^.    I.  a.    Pertaining  to  the  latcsl  ol  the  Irl 
or  to  Ireland.    II.  n     A  member  of  the  Milesian  raci  tabled 
to  have  come  from  Spain  to  Ireland.    [<    l/''1    lui.lt 
king  of  Spain.]  [once  the  seaport  of  Ephesus. 

Ml-le'tus,  1  mi-li'tt;s;  2  mi-le'ttis,  n.    A  ruined  city  In  lonlaj 
mil 'foil,  1  mll'foll;  2  mll'fGIl,  n.    A  common  pcrennlul  herb 


with  a  stem  branching  at  the  top,  and  having  whitish  Dowers 
and  finely  divided  leaves.    [OP.] 
mil'l-a-ry,  1  mil'i-e-n;  2  mil'l-a-ry.  a.    I.  Like  millet  seeds. 

2.  Accompanied  by  a  rash  having  pimples  the  size  of  a 
mlllet=seed.    [<  L.  miliarias,  <  mili urn,  millet.] 

mi"lieu',  n.    Literally,  center;  middle;  hence,  surroundings; 

environment.     [F.| 
niil'i-tant,  1  mil'i-tant;2  mlVi-tant.    La.    1. Pertaining 
to  conflict  with  opposing  powers  or  influences,     •>.  Of  a 
warlike  or  combative  tendency.    II.  n.     1.   ^combative 
person;  a  soldier.    2.  [Recent,  Gt.  Brit,  &  Ir  ]  An  advo- 
cate of  woman  suffrage  who  favors  or  practises  violent 
or  destructive  measures  to  obtain  it.    [  <  L.  milita 
ppr.,  <  miles  (milit-),  soldier.]    -ly,  adv.— iiill'l-tan-cy,  n. 
mil'i-ta-ry,  1  mil'i-te-n;  2  mil'i-ta-ry.    I.  a.    1.  Pertain- 
ing to  soldiers  or  warfare;  martial;  warlike.    2.  Done  or 
carried  on  by  force  of  arms.    Syn.:  see  warlike. 
II.  re.    A  body  of  soldiers;  soldiery  in  general    [<  L. 
miUtaris,    <    miles    (milit-),    soldier.)     Syn.:   see   army.— 
military  mast,  a  strong  rnastdike  structure  on  a  warship, 
designed  to  carry  a  turret,  observatlon«tower,  etc.     niil'l- 
ta-rism,  re.    A  system  emphasizing  the  military  spirit  and 
the  need  of  constant  preparation  for  war. 
mil'i-tate,  1  mil'i-tet;  2  mil'i-tat,  vi.     [-tat"edj;  -tak- 
ing,]    1.  To  have  influence  (against).     2.  To  contend. 
[<  l^.  militants,  pp.,  <  mites, soldier.] 
mi-li'tia,  1  mt-lish'a;  2  mi-lish'a,  n.     Citizens  who  are 
enrolled  and  drilled  in  military  organizations  other  than 
the  regular  military  forces.     [<   L.K  militia,    <   miles 
(milit-),  soldier.]— mi-II'tla-maii,  re.    [-men.  />/.] 
milk,  1  milk;  2  milk.     I',  vt.  &  vi.     To  draw  milk  from; 
yield  milk.    II.  re.    1.  The  opaque,  whitish  liquid  se- 
creted by  the  mammary  glands  of  female  mammals  for 
the  nourishment  of  their  young.     2.  The  sap  of  certain 
plants.     3.  One  of  various  emulsions.     (<   AS.   meolc, 
milk.]— milk'er,    re.— nillk'lng,    n. — mllk'=ll\"ere<l,    a. 
Cowardly;   timorous. — milk'niald",   re.      A   dalrym 
milk'man,  re.    [-men,  pi.)    1.  one  who  delivers  milk  from 
door  to  door.    2.  A  man  who  mlll.s  cows—  m.>slrkne8S, 
A  kind  of  malignant  fever  affecting  both  man  and  bi 

milk'sop",  n.     An  effeminate  man.      ill.  sugar,   n 
sugar  contained  in  milk;  lactose,     sugar  of  mllkt-     m.< 
tooth,  n.    A  tooth  of  the  deciduous  >>r  tirst  dentition 
,    milk'weed",  n.    One  of  several  plants  having  a  milky  juice. 
— milk'y,  a.     [milk'1-br;  mii.k'i-est.)     1.  Containing  or 
like  milk.    2.  Yielding  milk.    3.  Very  mild;  spirit!  I. 

Containing  young  or  spawn,  milch');.  Mllk>  \\a> 
(Astron.),  a  luminous  band  encircling  the  heavens,  (''im- 
posed of  distant  stars  and  nebula'  Invisible  separately  to  tlie 
naked  eve  inilk'i-iiess,  re. 
mill,  )  1  mil;  2  mil,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  grind  in  a  mill.  2.  To 
mil1*,  j  subject  to  any  process  like  thai  performed  by  a 
mill.  3.  To  bring  up  and  indent  or  Bute  the  edge  "i  (a 
coin),  to  protect  the  face  from  wear  and  to  guard 
clipping.    4.  [Slang.]  To  strike  with  the  fists.    II.        I. 

To   dive    and    swim    under    water:    said    ol    Whale         '-'■ 
[  I '.  S.]  To  move  slowly  in  a  circle:  said  of  cattle 
mill1,  n.     1.  A  machine  for  grinding,  or  any -  of  VB,1  i"iis 

machines  that  transform  raw  material  into  some  other 
form.  2.  A  building  fitted  up  for  grinding  grain,  reduc- 
ing ores,  etc.     3.  [Slang. 1  A  pugilistic  I bat; 

[  <  LLvAB  molina,  >  L  moto,  grind.]  mill'. dam",  n  l.  \ 
barrier  thrown  across  a  watercourse  to  1  sulTI- 

Clcntly  to  turn  a  mill-wheel,     'i.  The  pond  formed  l.\  such  a 

barrier.    m.«pond,  re.    a  raised  body  of  water  dammed  up 

to   run   .■!    mill.      in. -pool),      m.'racc,   n       The   Blulcewa) 

through  which  i  he  water  runs  to  a  mlll«wheel     m,  run 
mill 'stone",  «.    One  of  a  pair  of  thlek  beavj  atom 
tor  grinding  something,  as  grain.     m.«wheel,  n    The  water" 
wheel  that  drives  a  mill,     inlll'w  right",  n.   <  me  who  plus, 

build  I,  or  ill  ;  (nil   mills. 

mill'2, 1  a.      \  thousandth  pai  I ;  in  the  United  Statt 
mil'',  (  thousandth  part  of  a  dollar,  or  the  tenth  p 
cent     I  -    I-  "' Hie,  thousand  | 

Mill,  John  Stuart  (1806    ls7:'o      An  I  n-llh  pi phcr 

Mll-lals',   I    D  .  Sir  Jolin  Kirrrll      1     IS    1890) 

An  English  painter, 
mill 'boar d"i  1  mil'bord*;  2  nul'bflrd*,  "     Heavj  : 
board  used  for  tl 

iiiU'le-iia-ry,  1  niil'i-n.   m.  :.' omI  I.  'ortoin 

ing  to  :,  thou  and.    II.  ".    [-bi  I. 

:i  ii,,,:  .1  he  Mill'  nnium      '.'.    \  cull'  i 

I      I 

thousand.]  mlllen-na-ryt.  iiiiric-ni  m  m  i.  •• 
pei  talnlni    to  a  t  hou   i"-i  itlns  i"  the  •  - 

alum     ii./;     One  who  bellevi    In  a  millennium     mll"le- 

lia'rl-an-lsiii,  n. 

mil-leu 'ni-iiiii,  1  mi  len't  '■  "      I-    \ 

pi  riod  "i  a  thou    I  '   '  \1  ]  Tin  tl" 

,,i  i  ir  i  ingdom  of  Chri  torn 

3.  lb 


mill.,       '  i  .  ■  ■  1  ...  m.Or;   full,  rOle;   Iml.  l.firn; 

uilii-t.r  !•        ■  i  .i'.  in.  ui'in,     r»m 


llll'-l.  p 

1 

- 
in. iii    miir.-r:. 

\l.  \  m.lr. 

i:  .      Millet- 

I 

|l  .] 
J,  in   t  r  locola     I8U 

■  thousand:  a 

■  I T 1 1    pari,   c.r 

mil   II. int.  I .    \    ■  ■      |    ,i,,|  nill- 

illr       II 


mil   1 1- .«-  r  >  .      I.  -,    iii 

mil    !i.  I 

in. I  ll-gram, 
'    .    ■-.••.       mU'll-grammet.      mil  11-11    I.  r. 
mil  '11-11'  ir,     . 
lull   ll-iii.     i    r . 

mil   ll-uie    I  r. 

mil  li-ti.  r.  2  nill'i-iuT.  "      I.  A  person  em- 

women's 

■'  • 

mllll-iur-\.  •        -11  -.  /</.)     1. 
The  articles  made  or  sold  by  milliners.    E.   l  :.,  ...  cupatton 


mill  'Inn,         i.  -  mills,  ..r  the 

idled  surface, 
ing  it. 
million,  iITyon.     1.  I  ting  of  a 

II.  'i.     1.  A 
irdinal  numl 
I 
thousand)-   iiiH"lli>n-alr<-'.  n      a  per- 
■•  ;      ■•    •   >■-..-■   ....  !  at  a  million  or  more     mll"- 
ll.ni-li  ilr.  mil   II, mill, 

mil   ll-|..  .1.  mil   ll-pede:. 

Mll'man,  Henrj  Hart  (1791-1868). 

Mi  I".  i  athlete, 

■  up:  the 
Nl              Venus  of  Mllo,  a  famous  statue  found  In 

mJ-lord  l«lrd'.  n.    An  English  nobleman  or 

wealthy  to-  <  ]  Dg.  ht  L0BD.] 

mllr.l-  A  thousanu 

■  iual  to 

hi] 

mill  .    .  •.•.lit.  n.     The  spleen.     [<   AS.  tailte, 

mill  •  [<  Sw.  mjolke,  <  mjolk, 

melt   . 
Mii-ti'i-.i  -.  Us:  2  mn-tra-d  Athenian 

...  i  •.  i 

Mil    Ion,  Join. 

Mil-ton 'lc,         Mll-lo'nl-aii:. 

i  k.  ■  . 

n;  pop. 

mim.  .  ire:  precise, 

mini'.  •inctii;  mim':  I  i  mimic; 

M  act  the  buffoon. 

iii  I  n  i  '•  r. 

mime.         1 .  ;.    \j,  actor  in  a 

• 
mi-met  'Ir,        i  mimic:  imltai 

pi-Hi   •  I-.  iij.     iiiiiu'ii .     i 
i  •      ridicule. 

: 

II.       i .  i  '  the  nature 

mimetic:  as,  a  mimic 

1;  mock;  as.  a  mimic 

mlm'1-calr.    Iii.  n.    1.  one.  who  la  given  to  mim- 


mim  i.  k.  i  imitation     mltn'le-rjr, 

i 

Imli  itivi  re 
uimal  to  another  ..r  to  Kme  Inanimate 
in 
mini  ,  -..-graph.  1  mini  i  n  grof;  L'  mfm'e  • 

in  w in.  ii  ;i  thin  fibrous  p  .i"  i  i  oati  .1  with 

reducing  copies  ol 

typewritten   matter.     I -^    <lr.    mtmsomai, 

MM   | 

>l i-iim '-.h.  i  mi  in.. .....  g  nii-iii  .    i,  .,      \  i  n|..  genua  <.f 

■     ii  be  bean 

..  »nli  oluatera  ..f  small  Bowers     [<  I.    mimue; 

[erali 

uiln.  Mining,  inlniiii        lulu,  mineral  .  M  ln- 

ml  ii  i.  mTna,  a       hm,  it,,"  ni  ,  ..r  mi's  \s,  ;,<•  \ 

urn  weight  <.r  turn  of  money,  >>r  varying  amount  and 
Hi 
iiii-ii.r.  I..U-.  i  mi  ii,  ••in,,   g  mi  iinMiui.  ii.    Threatening; 

of  a  menacing  character,    -l>.  -nees,  n, 

uiln  'n-ri'i,  l  min'e-ret; 2  rnln'a-rtSt,  n      \  slender  tower 
ctcriatia  <<(   moequee,  built  of  several  atoriea,  each 
unded  by  a  balcony,  from  which  [a  Bounded  the 
stated  aummona  t,.  prayer.     |l'lt.  <  Ar.  man&ra,  < 
mirnir.  Ughthonae  l 
nun  .  i  - 1 1 .  -  r  \  .1 
2  mln'a-to-ry,  n.     Threat- 
en! ng,   HM   with   lll- 

atruction  ..r  punish-   i 

meat.     I  <  L.  mtna-  I 
•  olminor.threat-  fl 

in  ]    lul-n.i 'clous:.      II 
mince,  1  mina;2  mine,  a 

r.      [mis,  i  n' ;    mini'-  |i 

in.;  )  1.1.  I.  To  chop    ) 

into   small    bits,   as  III 
I.  To  utter  I  y- 

with  pri iii neas,  as  ** 

through  affected  ]  or  delicacy.     S.Todimin- 

iah  the  strength  <>r  force  of;  lessen.     II.  i,     1.  To  show 

affectation  in  manner  or  gait.   2.  To  be  affectedly  proper 

in  speech.     [<  AS.  mtneion,  make  less  .]— mlnc'iiig, 
iiiinc'liig-ly,  adv. 
mince,  r».    1.  Same  aa  ukcmdut,    2.  An  affectation. — 

iuiiice'  =  meat",  n.  1.  Meat  chopped  very  tine.  8.  A  mix- 
ture of  Chopped  meat,  fruit,  spues,  etc.,  used  In  mine.-  pie. 

— m.  pie,  a  pie  made  of  rn!nce*meat. 

ii  1  i ii (1  - .  l  iiiuiiiil;  2  mind,  a.    I.  (.    1.  To  fix  one's  mind  or 

thoughts  upon;  pay  attention  to.    2.  To  regard  with 

•■ar,-  ,,r  concern  or  aa  objectionable;  can-  f,,r.    S.  To 

obey.    4.  To  have  charge  .>f;  tend;  watch.    5.  [Colloq  J 

To  be  on  guard  aa   inal      8  .  To  remind.    7.  [Colloq.J 

U  to  mind.    II.  i,    L.  To  pay  attention.    2.  To  be 

nt.    S.  To  have  an  inclination.   4.  To  recollect. 

Illlnd,  n.  1.  That  which  thinks,  feels,  and  wills;  the 
entire  psychical  being  of  man;  soul;  spirit.  2.  Any 
d  state  or  activity,  as  of  the  intellect,  memory,  the 
feelings,  or  the  will;  inclination;  determination.  8,  The 
intellect  or  cognitive  facility,  as  distinguished  from  the 
ra  and  the  will,  4.  The  renewed  nature  in  man. 
5.  Animal  mind.     [  <  AS.  gemynd,  <  munan,  think] 

Syn.:  brain,  consciousness,  disposition.  Instinct,  Intellect, 
Intcll  .  sense,  soul,  spirit.  thought,  understand- 

Ing,  Mind,  in  a  general  sense,  includes  ail  the  powers  of 
lafl  from  the  physical  factors  In  bodily 
(acnltlea  and  acttvltles;  In  a  limited  sense,  mind  Is  nearly 
synonymous  with  Intellect,  but  includes  dUposUton,  or  the 
tendency  toward  action,  as  appears  In  the  phrase  "to  have  a 
mind  to  work."  The  Inttllict  Is  thai  assemblage  of  faculties 
which  la  concerned  with  knowledge,  as  distinguished  from 

in  and  volition.     Understanding  Is  the  Saxon  word  of 
...  ral  Import,  but  Is  chleilv  used  of  the  reasoning 
landing,  which   Sir   Win.    Hamilton  has 
railed   "the  faculty  of  relations  and  comparisons,"  Is  dis- 
tinguished by  many  philosophers  from  reason  In  that  "reason 

I-   the   faculty  of   the   higher  COgl  I    priori   truth." 

.  or  power  of  thinking.  Is  often  used 

the  thinking  faculty,  and  i  ipeclally  the  reason. 

Of  animals  Is  now  held  by  many  philosophers  to 

be  of  the  same  nature  aa  the  Intellect  of  man.  but  inferior  and 
tin-  apparent  difference  la  very  great.    "An  te- 
stlner  ,  and  Independent  of 

instruction  "  Pauct,  Natural  PltUotophv,  cb.  is.  in  this 
sense  we  speak  of  human  Intlinet  .  thus  denoting  tendencies 
Independent  of  reasoning  or  instruction.  As  the  scat  of  men- 
tal activity,  hrain  (colloquially  brains)  Is  often  used  as  a 
synonym  for  mind,  intellect,  tnii  lli'/i  nee.  Sense  may  be  an 
antonym  of  Intellect,  as  when  we  speak  of  the  sense  of  hear- 
ing; but  sense  Is  used  also  as  denoting  clear  mental  action, 
good  Judgment,  acumen;  as.  be  Is  a  man  of  sense,  or,  he 
showed  good  seme;  tenet,  even  In  Its  material  signification, 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    eil;    Iu  =  feud;    ctiin;    go;    Ij  =  sin9;    fhin,   this.       milleped 
505      2:  wolf,  dq;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.        tuinster 


must  be  reckoned  among  the  activities  of  mind,  tho  de- 
pendent on  bodily  functions;  the  mind,  not  the  eye,  really 
sees;  the  mind,  not  the  ear,  really  hears.  Consciousness  In- 
cludes all  that  a  sentient  being  perceives,  knows,  thinks,  or 
feels,  from  whatever  source  arising  and  of  whatever  char- 
acter, kind,  or  degree,  whether  with  or  without  distinct,  think- 
ing, feeling,  or  willing;  we  speak  of  the  consciousness  of  the 
brute  or  of  the  sage.  See  genius;  soul;  understanding. — 
Ant.:  body,  brawn,  brute  force,  material  substance,  matter. 
— mind'=rcad"ing,  n.  The  alleged  ascertaining  of  the 
thought  or  purpose  of  some  other  mind,  independently  of 
the  ordinary  channels  of  the  senses. — m.=reader,  re. — 
mtnd'ed,  a.  1.  Disposed.  2.  Having  a  (specified  kind  of) 
mind. — rnind'ful,  a.  Keeping  in  mind:  heedful;  having 
knowledge  (of) .  Syn.:  see  thoughtful. — mind  'ful-ly ,  adv. 
— mind'ful-ness,  n. — mind 'less,  a.  1.  Devoid  of  in- 
telligence.   2.  Not  giving  heed  or  attention;  careless. 

Mln"da-na'o,  1  min"da-na'o;  2  min"da-na'o,  n.  '  An  island  of 
the  Philippine  group;  36,292  sq.  m.;  pop.  499,600. 

Min-do'ro,  1  min-do'ro;  2  min-do'ro,  n.  An  island  of  the 
Philippine  group;  4,050  sq.  m.;  pop.  28,400. 

mine,  1  main;  2  min,  v.  [mined;  min'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
obtain  by  digging  out  of  the  earth;  also,  to  make  dig- 
gings into  for  ore  or  the  like.  2.  To  undermine.  3.  To 
make  by  digging  in  the  earth.  4.  To  lay  a  mine  or  mines; 
as,  to  mine  a  harbor.  II.  i.  1.  To  dig  a  mine;  engage  in 
mining.  2i  To  burrow.  3.  To  work  stealthily  or  insidi- 
ously. [  <  F.  miner,  <  LL.  mino,  open  a  mine,  drive.] — 
min'er,  n. — min'ing,  re.    The  business  or  work  of  a  mine. 

mine,  re.  1.  Mining.  (1)  An  excavation  for  digging  out 
some  useful  product,  as  ore  or  coal.  (2)  Any  deposit  of 
such  material  suitable  for  excavation.  2.  Mil.  A  cav- 
ity for  an  explosive  charge,  as  for  blowing  up  a  fort;  also, 
a  case  containing  such  a  charge  floating  on  or  near,  or 
anchored  beneath,  the  surface  of  the  water,  to  destroy 
an  enemy's  vessel.  3.  Any  productive  source  of  supply. 
4.  A  burrow  made  by  an  insect. 

mine,  pron.  Belonging  to  me;  of  me:  possessive  of  I:  (1) 
Used  independently  in  the  predicate  or  in  an  elliptical  ex- 
pression, as  a  substitute  for  my  with  a  noun;  as,  that  book  is 
mine.  (2)  Absolutely,  that  which  I  own  or  upon  which  f 
have  a  claim.  (3)  [Archaic]  Attributively  before  a  noun  be- 
ginning with  a  vowel  or  (sometimes)  ft.    [  <  AS.  min.] 

min'er-al,  1  miu'ar-al;  2  mm'er-al.  I.  a.  1.  Pertaining 
to,  consisting  of,  or  resembling  minerals;  inorganic.  2. 
Impregnated  with  mineral  constituents.  II.  n.  1.  An 
inorganic  homogeneous  substance  of  definite  or  approx- 
imately definite  chemical  composition,  found  in  nature. 
Minerals,  tho  commonly  solid,  may  exist  in  a  gas- 
eous, liquid,  or  viscid  state.  2.  Any  inorganic  sub- 
stance, as  a  rock  or  a  fossil.  [OF.,  <  LL.  minerale,  < 
mino;  see  mine,  v.] — mineral  jelly,  vaseline. — mln'er-al- 
Ize,  v.  [-ized;  -iz"ing.]  1. t.  To  change  from  a  metal  into 
a  mineral.  II.  i.  To  mlneralogize.  mlu'er-al-lsef. — 
min"er-al-i-za'tion  or-sa'tlon,  re.  —  min'er-al-lz"er,  re. 
1.  An  element  that  combines  with  a  metal  to  form  an  ore,  as 
sulfur.  2.  Petrol.  A  volatile  or  other  substance,  as  boron  or 
water,  that  facilitates  the  recrystallization  of  rocks,  min*- 
er-al-ls"erf. — min"er-al'o-gy,  re.  1.  The  science  of  min- 
erals. 2.  A  work  on  minerals.— mln"cr-a-log'i-cal,  a. 
1.  Pertaining  to  mineralogy.  2.  Mineral.  mln"er-a-log'- 
lof. — min"er-al'o-Klst,  re.  One  versed  In  mineralogy, 
mln'er-al-lstf. — min"er-al'o-glzc,  vl.  [-GIZED; -GIZ'INQ.] 
To  study  and  collect  minerals. 

Ml-nor'va,  1  mi-nur'va;  2  ml-ner'va,  re.  Pom.  Myth.  The 
goddess  of  wisdom;  Identified  with  the  Greek  Athena. 

Ming,  1  mirj:  2  ming,  n.  In  Chinese  history,  a  dynasty 
founded  in  1368  !>y  Hung»Wu;  It  lasted  until  1644. 

mln'gl(ep,  1  min'gl;  2  min'gl,  vt.  &  vi.  [min'gl(e)dp; 
min'gling.]  1.  To  unite  together  or  with  Honicthing 
else;  become  mixed.  2.  To  join  intimately;  blend 
[Freq.  <  AS.  mem/an,  mix.]    Syn.:  see  mix. 

min 'i-a-l  lire,  1  niiu'i-a-ehur  ur  -tiur;  2  niln'i-a-ehur  or 
-tur.  I.  o.  Much  smaller  than  reality.  II.  n.  1.  A 
small  and  delicate  painting,  as  a  portrait.  2.  A  por- 
trayal of  anything  on  a  small  scale;  hence,  reduced  size. 

3t.  Lettering  In  red,  as  In  manuscripts.     S.vn.:  see  Ml  PI  ttl 

mln'l-fy,  1  mfn'i-fal;  2  mln'i-fy,  vt.    [-jtbd;  -fy'ino.]    1.  To 

make  small;  diminish.    2.  To  lessen  the  worth  or  Importance 
of;  undervalue.    [<  L.  minor,  less,  +  -FY.) 

mln'i-klii,  1  mln'i-kln;  2  mln'l-kln,  n.     Something  very  mi- 
nute or  delicate,  as  the  smalle  it  size  of  pin.    |      Mi),  minru 
ken.  dim.  of  minne,  love.J  — mlii'l-klii||,  a. 

min'im,  1  min'im;  2  mln'im,  n.     1.  An  apothecaries' 

fluid  measure;  roughly,  one  drop.     See  UBABURB),  n.     '£. 

Mus.  A  half  note.    3.  An  extremely  amall  creature;  a 
pygmy.    [<  F.  minime,  <  L.  minimu  .  lea  I  I 
min  'i-mum,  1  iiiin'i-imnn;  2  mln'i-mttm.     I.  ".     Con- 
sisting of  or  showing  the  least,  possible  amount   or  de- 
gree; being  a  minimum.      II.  n.      |  -  M  \  .  /'/  |      I.  Th<    I 

possible    quantity,    amount,    or    degree.      2.  Math.   A 
17 


value  of  a  function  that  is  less  than  any  value  corre- 
sponding to  neighboring  values  of   the   variable.      [L., 
neut.  s.  of  minimus,  least.]  — mln'1-mal,  a.    of  or  pertain- 
ing  to   the   minimum;   smallest;    least.  —  inln  l-ml/.  . 
[-MEED;   -inzTNG.j     To   reduce   to   the  smallest    DO 
amount  or  degree. 

mln'i-mus§,  1  min'i-mus;  2  mln'1-miis.  n.  1.  A  very  small 
creature,     i.  Aunt.  The  tlfth  linger  or  toe. 

min  'ions.  1  min'yan;  2  miu'yon,  a.    1.  Dainty;  delicate;  fine. 

2.  Favorite. 

min 'ion,  n.  1.  A  servile  favorite.  2.  Print.  A  size  of 
type=body:  7=point.     See  TYPE. 

This  line  is  set  in  minion. 

3.  A  .minx.    [<  F.  mianon,  darling.] 

mln'ish||t,  1  min'ish;  2  inln'isli,  vt.  &  vi.  To  diminish.  [< 
OF.  menuiser,  <  L.  minntin;  see  MTNTJTIA.]     nicn'uset. 

rnin'is-ter,  1  min'is-tar;  2  mln'is-ter,  r.  I.  /.  To  supply, 
as  something  needed.  II.  i.  1.  To  give  attendance  or 
service.  2.  To  perform  a  rite  of  worship,  3.  To  con- 
tribute.    Syn.:  see  serve. 

min'is-ter,  n.  1.  The  chief  of  an  executive  department 
of  a  government.  2.  One  commissioned  to  represent  his 
government  in  diplomatic  intercourse  with  another 
government  at  its  capital.  3.  One  who  is  authori 
preach  the  gospel  and  administer  the  ordinances  of  the 
Church;  a  clergyman.  4.  ( >ne  who  ads  in  subservience 
to  the  will  of  another;  a  servant ;  agent;  attendant,  5. 
One  who  promotes  or  dispenses.  [<  P.  miniatre,  <  L, 
minister,  assistant.]— mln"ls-te'ri-al,  a.  Pertaining  to  R 
minister  or  to  ministry,  -ly,  adv.— min"ls-te'rl-al-lst,  n. 
Eng.  Polit.  One  who  supports  the  ministry,     in  In  'Is- 1  rant. 

1.  a.  Ministering.  II.  n.  One  who  ministers.  inln"ls- 
tra'tlon,  n.    1.  The  act,  of  performing  service  as  a  minister, 

2.  Any  religious  ceremonial,  —  mill 'ls-try,  n.  [-Tims'.  ;ii  ] 
1.  The  entire  body  of  officials  having  in  charge  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  departments  of  a  government,  ''■  An  execu- 
tive department  of  government.  3.  Ministers  of  the  gospel 
collectively,  or  their  office.  4.  The  act  of  ministering;  min- 
istration. 

mln'i-um,  1  mln'i-uni;  2  mln'l-um,  n.  Mineral.  X.  A  vivid 
red  opaque  lead  oxid:  used  chiefly  as  a  pigment.  2.  cinna- 
bar.   [F.,  <  L.  minium,  red  lead.) 

mln'i-ver,  1  min'i-ver;  2  mlu'i-ver,  re.    1.  The  Siberian  squir- 
rel, or  Its  fur.     2.  A  mix-   ^—^ 
ture  of  furs  used  for  trim-  VV^»^ 
mlng  in  the  middle  ages.     ^<B£\; 
[<    OF.   menu   ver,  little 
spotted.]  -.-VTjiiM»i*i»'i-i    ^ 

mink,   1    mink;    2   mink,  ,    " 

n.    Anamphibiouscarni-  iwiiik.        u 

vore,  valued  for  its  fur—  American  mink,  a  variety 
about  2  ft.  long,  commonly  dark  above  and  white  under- 
neath.    [<  Sw.  mdnk,  mink.] 

Minn.,  ahbr.     Minnesota  (otlleial). 

Mln"ne-ap'o-lls,  l  mln'i-ap'o-lis;  2  mln'e-ap'o-lls,  ".  v 
manufacturing  city  of  10.  Minnesota;  pop   :;,' 

mln'ne-slng'Vr,  1  mln'i-elrj'er;  2  mIn'e-aInB*er,  n.     \ 
poet  of  medieval  German]  (1170  1260).    Compare  trouba- 
dour.   [G.,  <  minne,  love,  '  '■">'' 

Mln"ne-so'ta,  1  mlii'i-sO'i.  ta.n.     \  siaie  in  the 

N.  central  United  States;  84,682  sq  m.;pop  1 

Hal.  St.  Paul. 

min'now,  1  min'o;  2  mln'o,  ».    l.  A  small  Buropi 
American  fish  of  the  oart)  family      '.'.  <  Ini    ol   ■• 

Other  small  fishes.     [  <  AS.  myiM,  minnow,   <  nun,  less  ] 
mln'niet. 
minor,  1  moi'nar;  2  minor.    I.  ./.     I.  Less  In  number, 
quantity,  or  extent    '-'.  <  >l  »t 

i/„        (  j  )    In  the  minor  key;  solemn  and  plaintr.- 

Less  by  a  semitone,    II.  n,    I.  Onebolo*  the  ago  wimmi 

full  civil  and  personal  rights  can  bocj 

A  minor  hrm  or  minor  premise      Bee   -v IM      :'- 

M  u       i  he  minoi  ki  j      |       I     ■■         ,  less.]     minor  k<) 
( \t„ :  )    a    kej  or  mode  chai  - 
minor  third,  producing  a  plaintive  or  mournl  il 

THIRD   »       ">•  term 

syllogism.    See  syllogism      ml-nor'l-ty,  fl 

i.  ii alter  Id  qui it  ot  two  pari  i  oi  i""1'       •>  '  '"■ 

state  of  I,.  Id     B  minor. 

Ml-nor'ca,  1   mi  n.,.'i,...  B  n r-ca,  n      \ ',"' ,''','' 

Balearlcg p  '"'  ■  1"'1'  •1S'IMH 

MI'nos,   I    i Of,   Mi/Hi.    A   king  *-0 

giver  of  i  irete.    See  Minotai  b 

Mln'o- 1  a  II  r.  I  mln'o  ' 

and  hair  man.  kepi   DJ    MlDOl  ID    I  '  '<>      IntD    ll  '    "  "  ■  ,-111"' 

bj    i  I 

Min.  I'len..  u66i      Mini  U  l  Pli  nlpoU  I 
min'sler,  1  min'  be  r,  n.    A  n  i 

mi  Qn    t)  "'■|'  ""  "'  "' |,l:"" 

|      l.l.  *"  mono  tortum. 


mliisl  r<l 
Mi-. 


mini 
mini 


iiiln  ii-.  ii. 1. 

lulu    ii-.  i   . 

mi   mi-. 

nu-   - 

i         i       ■  I      ..!.  flr;  full.  rAte;  bat,  bdrai 

>     ■  I         iii  i         , ..  ■  <v    in.  area,    506 

•  •   k  mire.  1  mair;  8  mil     I.  >•'     [miiibd;  unt'tNa.]    I.  ro  fli 

■  >  -ink  in  iiiu.l     9.  To  defile     II.  n      Wot,  yielding 

p  inn. I      I  •     I   •  r,  bog.]     inir  i. 

1-1 r.  1  Hi.,,,  |:,i,,i  XVj   JO 

.,  v'    i    i      in 

mirk,  mirk  i-i>  . 

nnr   ror.  I.  I       ri.  .■    .1.  in,  ,r.    ,,( 

M.  I.   All    Objw  I    h  I',  in,-    a    l|.:lll\     | ..  I  I.  ,  I     I 

'.'•    ■'•  .(. 

miroi ,  wonder  at  1 

mirth,  1  murCh;  'J  mirth,  n      I.  Pleasurable  feelings,  "r 

Ling  and  laui 
.'.  merriment;  jollity      -I.  Pfeaaure;  j">-      [«     \s 

■ 

i  ii  ii    -I-,, in        in  lr  I  ti  Tul,   i    Merr\     Syn  :  see  CHEEIt- 
iiini;      Ml  inn.      VIVACIOUS        llllrlll'flll-l).       ndr. 

iniriii  iiii-n, --.  .      mlrtbleea,  a,     Lacking  mirth  or 
menimeni    -i » .  -net 

mlr'aa,  i  mlr'aa;  2  mir/n.  h     a  Persian  title,  planed  before  a 
name  to  denote  a  scholar  and  after  a  name  to  denote  a  prince. 

ml--.  ]  ml    .  :_■  mi-  .-     i  .       naed  with  negative  or  de- 

preciatory r  mea  ao- 

cented     [<  Ol  i  me-,  ■    i..  stftttif,  lea.] 

ml—  .  prefix     Wrong;  wrongly;  used  aa  a  prefix  i luna, 

ami  participles;  as,  mteoonduet  n  never  has  the 
primary  accent,    I-    AS  ml*-,  wrong;  allied  *miIi  mi-^,  i  i 

following  list  Includes  some  words  thai  are  ex- 
plainable by  this  prefix  taken  In  connection  with  the  mean- 
ing nf  the  principal  found  In  vocabular)  place; 
others  not  here  given  will  be  readily  undersi l  bj  combin- 
ing t  in-  meaning  of  the  prefix  with  that  ol  the  principal  ele- 
ment : 

-.lint' 
mi.-'i-r. 

..'Ii. .ii 

mis-deal' 

Ii  .-m' 
!  mean' 

mis'di-rect' 

rnls'ill-riT'iliiii 
mis-doubt. 

ploy' 


I 
I 

mln 

mint 
>r   pep]  \  - 

I.     "  iiuli- 

I  |  De- 
.  u<  m  ml  '- 

traction,  or  •• 

niln'ut.  .  11.  To 

]  To  time  to 

ml-niil.    .  I. 

rltlcal,  detailed,  •  1  J— 
mlr.  .  • 
Tha- 

a  XT:, 
SllXl' 

tmUi  • 

■ 

■ 

ml-nuli    ii 
I.   I  be  '."ih  pari 
:.   .  th  part  ..f  :i  degree. 

L 
.  1   . 
mln 'ate  book") 
m    »im.  minute. 

m    ii  in. t. 

in.  m  in.  •  :,  min- 

im militiamen  during 

ini-niii, •'!>   .  2  mi-nut 1y,  adv.     In  a  minute 

r  ■  i  i  1 1  i  1 1 .  - 1  >  .  .  it-h;  2  mln'it-ly,  a.  <k  adr.     At  inter- 

mi-iiii   ii-.i.   .  hj-a.  n.     [-ii    • 

:  in  the 
: 
mini,  1  i   inks;  2  minks,  n.    A  saucy  girl.    [Cor.  of  mini- 

v|         -  I.  lining  to 

Mi     .-.  •  ,,    ,.     ,     II. 

vl  «  iillllr    lie    (1749 

nnr    i-.  I   .    .  I . 

.'. 

•1  exer- 
::. 

mlr'- 

,  <  1  nder- 

mi-r  H    ii-l.iii-.  I 

;mi»it    to    work 
i-uivuiim.. — ml- 
rar'u-1'.n    -      .  ml-r.u    ii-l.,ii--ii. 

il-r.i-'    ■  In  optical  illusion, 

i  in  the  air.    St..   <  mirer,  look  at,   <  L. 
alrw,  wondertulj 


•.:..-  resort 

«M»LL       Al 


ruin  Tile 


■ 


mte"ac-cep-ta'tlon 

i  it'ment 
mt8*ad-mea'sure- 

tnent 

:  vise' 
mis-aim' 
mls'al-lege' 

pU-ca'tlon 
■  ply* 
re-hand' 
pre-hen'- 
Blon 
mls'ar-range' 


mis-pl 

mls-plaj '.  t.  A-  n. 

mls'pro-nounce' 

mis*pro-nun*cl-n'- 

ii, .n 
mis'pro-por'tion, 

u. 
mls'quo-ta'tlon 
mis-quote' 
mis-read' 

lnis're-ii'lal 


I..;. 'mint     in 


mls-en'try 
mis-es'tl-mated 


mls'ar-raiiRc'mcnt    mis-faith' 


mls'be-come' 
Dua*be-gef 

mis').. 

■    nave' 
mi-Tie-haved' 
i.a'vior, 

-vlour 

mlsTie-llef 
>  liev'er 

mls-cal'cu-late 

•  -ii-laTlon 
mis-charge' 

mis-en. 

mls'ei 

mls-com'pu-ta'tion  mis-know 
mls*cum-putc't,       mla-la'bel 

iD-celt'tf 

.-reive' 

mls'ei, i. 

i  -clu'slon 
mls'con-Jec'ture 


mls-fash'lon 

mLs-llre' 

mis-form' 

Ma'tlon 
it' ten 
mls-gov'ern 
mis-graft',  mls- 

graffl 
mls-gov'ern-ment 

mls-liali'dlc 
inl.s'lii-fer' 

mis'in-struct. 

•ruc'tlon 
l'11-gence 
mis-Join' 

mis- judge' 
inis-Judg'ment 


r.  &  n. 


mls-reck'on 

I. lie' 
mis're-la'tlniit 

mls*re-mem'ber 
mla*re-porf 

mls-serve't 

mis-spell' 

lell'lng 
mis-spend' 
mis-spent' 

M 

'■'ment 

mls-teaeli' 

mis-tell't 

inis-lerm' 
mls-llilnk' 
ml    time' 

I  le,  r. 
mis-train',  t>. 
m-latc' 
is-la'tlon 
mls-treaf 
mi.H-ireat'ment 
mls-trl'al 
mis- tune* 

mis-word' 
mis-write'. 


mis-like' 

mis-live'.  I. 
mis-make' 
itch' 
mis-mate' 
mis-name' 

.ii-trni'llon     mIs"pei-.-.uade't 

•  .n-strne'  mis'per-eua'slon 

Mi-  .       -    Missouri. 
inis";i(l-v»'iiTurc,  //.    An  unlucky  chance;  misfortune. 

Syn.:  see  ACCIDENT;  MlKMiinr.M-:. 

m|s"ail-ienTurei|t,  ...       I    nfortunate 
ml-"al-li'aiice,  1  mls*a-lal'a  liaiie,  n.    An  unde- 

e  aiiianee,  aa  marriage  with  one  ol  interior  station  or 
cham  iin"-ai"H"aiiri'':. 

mla'sn-tbrope,  1  mio^an-fhrdp:  2  mls'&n-tbrop.  n.    One 
who  .-Hi' nam-  aversion  to  "r  distrust  of  his  fellow  men. 
'  .r    mUrinlhrOpo.i.  hatini;  mankind,    <   mlscO,  hate,   + 
in  I      iiils-aii'tliro-iiist ;.     mis"an-tlirop'- 
le,    ml-".ni-l  hrop'l-eal,  n.      Elating   mankind       mls"an- 
lhrop'1-eal-ly,  adv.  —  mls-an  Thro-p) ,  n.     Hatred  or  dis- 
trust or  mankind.  |mls"ap-pro"prl-a'(lon,  n. 
mis"a|i-pr<('i)ri-at«4,    vt.      To   appropriatf    wrongly. — 
ini-e..    •.'.'     Miscellaneous, miscellany. 
mi— call',  vt.    To  give  a  wrong  or  bad  name  to. 
mli-car'ry,  n,    1.  To  fail  of  an  intended  effecv    ?.  To 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^    aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    lQ  =  feud;    <fhin;    go;    0  =  81713;    Chin,   this. 
507     2:  wplf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


minstrel 
Miss. 


bring  forth  prematurely.  3.  To  go  wrong.  —  mis-car '- 
riage,  re.  1.  A  premature  birth.  2.  Failure  to  reach  an  ex- 
pected conclusion.    3t.  Improper  behavior. 

mis"ce-ge-na'rion,  1  mis"i-ji-ne'sri8n;  2  mls"e-ge-na'- 
shon,  n.  Mixture  of  races,  especially  amalgamation  of 
the  black  and  white  races.  [  <  L.  misceo,  mix,  -+-  genus, 
race.] — mis"ce-ge-net'ic,  a. 

mls"cel-la'ne-a,  1  mis"e-le'm-a;  2  mls"e-la'ne-a,  re.  pi.  A 
miscellaneous  collection:  especially,  literary  miscellanies. 
[L.,  neut.  pi.  of  miscellaneus;  see  miscellaneous.] 

mis"cel-la'ne-ous,  1  mis"e-le'm-us;  2  mis"e-la'ne-us,  a. 
Consisting  of  several  kinds;  variously  mixed.  [<  L. 
miscellaneus,  <  mticco,  rrix.]     Syn.:  see  heterogeneous. 

— mis'cel-la'ne-ous-ly,a</r. — mis"cel-la'ne-ous-ness, 
re. — mls'cel-la-ny,  re.  [-niesz,  pl.\  1.  A  collection  of  liter- 
ary compositions  on  various  subjects.  2.  Any  miscellaneous 
collection. 

mis-chance',  n.    An  instance  of  ill  luck;  a  mishap. 
Syn.:  see  catastrophe;  misfortune. 

mis 'chief,  1  mis'ehif;  2  mis'ehif,  n.  1.  Any  occurrence 
attended  with  evil  or  injury;  damage;  vexation.  2.  Any 
annoying  or  vexatious  action  or  course  of  conduct;  a 
prank.  3.  A  prankish  person.  [  <  OF.  meschef,  <  L. 
minus  (see  minus)  +  caput,  head.]  Syn.:  see  injury. — 
mis  'chief =mak"er,  n.  One  who  causes  mischief. — 
in.  inikini:,  a. — mis'chie-vous,  a.  1.  Inclined  to  mis- 
chief. 2.  Injurious.  Syn.:  see  bad;  malicious:  noisome; 
pernicious.— mis 'chie-vous-Iy,  adv.— mls'chle-vous- 
ness,  n. 

mis'ci-bl(ep,  1  mis'i-bl;  2  mis'i-bl,  a.  Such  as  can  be 
mixed.    [<  L.  misceo,  mix.] — mis"ci-bil'i-ty,  n. 

mis"con-duct'd,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  conduct  badly;  behave 
improperly.    2.  To  mismanage. 

mis-con 'duct,  n.     1.  Improper  conduct;  bad  behavior. 

2.  Mismanagement. 

mis'cre-ant,  1  mis'kn-ant;  2  mis'ere-ant,  re.    1.  A  vile 

wretch.    2f.  A  misbeliever;  infidel.     [  <  OF.  mescreant, 

unbelieving] — mis'ere-antt,  a. 
mis-cue',  1  mis-khV;  2  mls-cu',  n.     In  billiards  or  pool,  a 

stroke  spoiled  in  effect  by  a  slipping  of  the  cue. 
mis-deed ',  n.    A  wrong  or  improper  act. 

Syn.:  see  offense;  sin. 
mls"de-mean'or,  1  mis"di-min'ar;  2  mis"de-men'or,  n. 

1.  Misbehavior.    2.  Law.  Any  offense  less  than  a  felony. 

mis"de-mean'ourt.     Syn.:  see  offense. 
mis-do',   vt.   &  vi.     To  do  badly;   bungle  in  doing. — 

mis-do'er,  n. — mis-do 'ing,  n. 
mis-doubt'   ■'■, 1  mis-daut';2  mls-dout',  v.    l.t.    l.Todoubt; 

call  in  question.    2.  To  surmise;  suspect.    II.  i.    To  be  in 

doubt;  lack  faith  or  hope.— mis-doubt',  n. 
mise  en  scene,  1  mlz  an  san;  2  mis  ah  sen.    The  setting  of  a 

play  on  the  stage:  visible  surroundings  generally.    [F.,  <  L. 

missus,  put;  in,  on;  scena,  scene.] 
mi'ser1,  1  mai'zer;  2  ml'ser,  n.     1.  One  who  saves  and 

hoards  avariciously.     2f.  One  who  is  miserable     [  <  L. 

miser,  wretched.]— mi'ser-ly,  a.    Of  or  like  a  miser.    Syn.: 

see  avaricious. — mi'ser-li-ness,  n. 
ml'ser^,  n%    a  tubular  well-boring  bit  having  a  valve  and  a 

screw  for  forcing  the  earth  upward,    mi'zert. 
mis'er-a-bl(ep,    1     miz'ar-a-bl;    2    mls/er-a-bl,     a.       1. 

Wretched  or  grievously  unhappy.    2.  Of  mean  quality. 

3.  Producing  or  exhibiting  misery.     [OF.,    <   I. 
abilis,  wretched.]     Syn.:  see  pitiful;  sad.  — mis'er-a-bl(e- 
nessp,  re. — mls'er-a-bly,  adv. 

Mls"e-re're,  1  miz"a-rl'rl;  2  mls'e-re'rg,  re.  1.  The  nist  psalm; 
from  the  opening  words  in  the  Latin  version,  Miser  1  r<  nu  I, 
Domine  (Have  mercy  upon  me,  O  Godl).  2.  A  musical  set- 
ting of  this  psalm.    3.  [m-]  A  prayer  for  mercy. 

mls"er-I-corde',   1    miz"ar-i-kord';  2   mls/'er-l-eord',   re.      A 
small  dagger  used  in  the  middle  ages  to  give  the  death»blOW 
to  a  fallen  knight.     [OF.,   <   L.  mlserlcordla,    <   m 
pity,  +  air  (.cord-),  heart.] 

mis'er-y,  1  miz'ar-i;2  mfs/er-y,  re.   [-ies*,  pi  ]  1.  Extreme 
distress  or  suffering;   wretchedness;   also,   a   00 
wretchedness.    2.  [Scot,  or  Archaic.]  Miserliness.     [< 
OF.  miserle,  <  L.  miseria,  <  miser,  wretched.)     Syn.:  see 
adversity;  misfortune;  pain. 

mls-fea'sance,  1  mis-fTzans;  2  mls-fe'sanc.  n.    taa.    I.  The 
doing  of  a  lawful  act  In  an  unlawful  or  culpabl]    at 
manner.    2.  A  trespass  or  wrong.     [<   01     "'     '"<  ""■■ 
mesfaisnnl,  ppr.  of  mesfaire,  <  met-,  mis-1,    i    fairt 
facio),  do.]  [Something  that  81 

mis-fit'.    P.  vt.    To  fail  to  make  fit;  fit  badly,     II.  n 

mis-for'tune,  n.  1.  Adverse  or  ill  fortune,  2.  \n  un- 
lucky chance;  calamity. 

Syn.:  adversity,  affliction,  bereavement,  blow,  calamity, 
chastening,  chastisement,  disappointment,  disaster,  dis- 
tress, failure,  hardship,  harm,  111,  ill  fortune,  III  lUOk,  mis- 
adventure, mischance,  misery,  mishap,  reverse,  ruin. 

Mix/or  1 11 11 


event,  usually  of  lingering  character  or  consequences  and 
such  as  the  sufferer  is  not  deemed  directly  responsible  for 
as,  he  had  the  misfortune  to  be  born  blind.  Any  consider- 
able disappointment,  failure,  or  misfort  ,is  out- 
ward circumstances,  as  loss  of  fortune,  position,  and  the 
like,  when  long  continued  or  attended  with  enduring  con- 
sequences, constitutes  adversity.  For  the  loss  of  friends  by 
death  we  commonly  use  affliction  or  61  UamUy 
and  disaster  are  used  of  sudden  and  severe  misfortum 
overwhelming;  HI  fortune  and  ill  luck,  of  lighter  troubles  and 
failures.  We  speak  of  the  misery  of  the  poor,  the  ' 
of  the  soldier.  Affliction,  chastening,  trial,  and  tribulation 
have  all  an  especially  religious  bearing,  suggesting  -omc 
disciplinary  purpose  of  Cod  with  beneficent  design.  Afflic- 
tion may  be  keen  and  bitter,  but  brief;  tribulation  is  long  and 
wearing.  We  speak  of  an  affliction,  but  rarely  of  a 
lion,  since  tribulation  is  viewed  as  a  continuous  p 
which  may  endure  for  years  or  for  a  lifetime;  but  we  speak 
of  our  daily  trials.  Compare  accident;  adversity;  blow; 
catastrophe;  loss.— Ant.:  blessing,  boon,  comfort,  con- 
solation, good  fortune,  good  luck,  gratification,  happiness, 
joy,  pleasure,  prosperity,  relief,  success,  triumph 

mis-giv(e'p,  v.  I.  t.  To  cause  to  fail  somewhat  in  con- 
fidence, self-approval,  etc.  II.  i.  1.  To  be  apprehen- 
sive. 2.  To  fail. — mis-gir'ing,  n.  A  feeling  01  appre- 
hension.   Syn.:  see  \\\n  1  .     , «  mar. 

mis-guide'd,  vt.  To  guide  amiss;  lead  astray.  — mis- 
gui 'dance,  re. 

mis-hap',  n.    An  unfortunate  accident;  misfortune. 
Syn.:  se«  accident;  catastrophe  .  mispobti  wb. 

mlsh'mash,  1  mlSh'masn;  2  mlsh'mash.  [Prov.  Eng.]  I.  vt. 
To  make  a  hotchpotch  of.    II.  re.    A  medley;  hotchpotch. 

Mlsh'na,  1  miSh'na;  2  mlsh'na,  re.    1.  The  nrst  part  of  the 
Talmud:  a  collection  of  traditions  and  decisions  made  by 
Rabbi  Juda,  called  the  Holy   (born  about   A.    D     ISO 
[m-]  [mish'noth,  pi.]  A  paragraph  ol  the  above  collection. 
[<  Heb. mishn&h, repetition,  •    shanah, repeat.] 

mis"im-prove',  vt.  To  neglect  the  improvement  Of.  mls"- 
im-prove'ment,  re. 

mis"in-form',  vt.  To  give  false  or  erroneous  information 
to—  mis-iii'Tor-ma'tion,  n. 

mis"in-ter'pretd,  1  mis'm-tur'pret;  2  nuVin-ter'prBt,  it. 
To  interpret  wrongly. — mis"iii-ter"pre-ta'tion,  ». 

mis-lay',  vt.    1.  To  lay  in  a  wrong  place  or  in  a  place  not 
remembered.    2.  To  alt  ribute  wrongly. 
Syn.:  see  displace;  lose. 

mis-lead',  vt.  [mis-led';  mib-li  u/im;.]  To  direct 
wrongly,  lead  astray  or  into  error.  Syn.:  cheat .  deceive,  de- 
lude, disappoint,  dupe,  tool,  frustrate,  mock,  tantalise. 
See  deceive.  —  mis-lead 'or,  re.  —  mis-lead 'lug.  ;>". 

mis'le-toe,  n.    Same  as  mi-  1  1 

mis-man'age,  vt.  To  manage  badly,  improperly,  or  un- 
skilfully,   -nient,  n. — mis-man 'ag-er,  r». 

mis-no 'mer,  1  mis-nd'mer;  2  mls-nd'mer,  n       \ 
wrongly  applied;  an  inapplicable  designation.    [  <  L.°* 

minus-,  mis-1,  -f  nomino.  name] 

mis-og'a-my,  1  mis-eg'e-mi;  2  mXs-og/a-my,  n.    Hatred 

of  marriage.    [<  (lr.  mise6,  hate,  +  pantos,  marriage.] 

— mis-og'a-mist,  n. 
mis-og'y-ny,  1  mis-ej'l-m;  2  niTs-og'y-ny,  re.     Haired  of 

women.      [<    Or.    rnisio,    hale,     -f    gyni,    woman.] 

mls-og'y-nlst,  n.  (error  in  printing, 

mis-print'.     P.  vt.    To  print  erroneou  lj      D,  \n 

mls-prl'slon',  1  mls-pris'en;  2  mis  prlsh'on,  n     t.  / 

The  concealment  ol  .'i  crime,  ei  p< 

rji  i.ooseiy.  contempt  or  high  misdemeanor     I  .  M 

cept  ion     I      in     m  tpi  •  ton,       nu   p  I  .  pp  ol 

mistake,  ■    1..  minus-,  ins  ', 
mls-prl'slon>1  ,ti     The  act  of  undervaluing   contempt 
nils-prlze''1,  vt.    Tomistaki  mls-prlse'lti 

nils-prl/r    f,  n     To  undervalue     mls-prlie' 
inis-rep"re-sen('1,    'A  I. 

tations;  rive  a  wrong  i 

hilly  In  behalf  of.    Syn.:  Bee  pebvbbi      mls-rep"r 

ta'tlon,  n 
iiiis-rnle'.     I.  •>    &   i       To  rule  unv  ustly; 

overn      II.  r*.     I.  Bad  or  unjust  ruli 

ment.    2.  Disord 
miss',  1  mi      '  mi  ,1      I    I      I.  To  fail  to  hit,  find 

tain;  come  ihort  ol     •■'.  To  feel  tin  I 

oi  observe,    i-  To  avoid  or  1  icape  bj  chant  0     II.        '• 

To  fail  to  Imi  thi  tn  trl 

i,,l      ■:.   1  0  fail  i"  an. mo.    ei  ire,  rn 
oeedii  [ollowodb;  I 

'  '     '"    '  /  oil 

miss1.  1  mi    :'  mfa,  n     I.  Thi  ai  tof  t\ 
mis.',  1      1.  im  I  \  titli  pr  Hxcdl     U  girl  or 

an  unmarried  woman.     ''•  A  young  girl      |<  onti    ol 


stroke,  trial,  tribulation,  trouble,  visitation 

adverse  fortune  or  any   Instance   thereof,   any   untoward 

For  words  In  mis-  not  given  above  see  mih-,  /inju,  page  500 


Mlt§.,aft&r.    Mission,  ml  1  kiIhhIppi. 


tnl--il  la  i        I  I        C*t.  rrfv;   lilt,  polW;    i> flr;   full,  rflln;  Inn.  1.0m; 

IIHHlrl  '  »        wh»l.all.  .         i  ill  I  ..       ii      <(i.  »«•>.,.  MB 


ml  — shap 


ml. 

nil< 


Mls-.|-s|p'p 


mi- 
mi- 


-n   . 


Mb  - 

I 


1  I 

iui<  -•  i-.ii  n      mh  -i  i-.iin. 

ml  —  -hip  .  ii. 

I.  '  'lThW  II 

II. 

.'Iht  ur 
I  ■ 

•    ■  ;  :..  in  r- 

I. 

;  at  home  it 
6, 

; . 

1    .   •     I 

mlH'nloD-a-ry.     I 

11.  I.  A  |         ii  sent 

."liable  work. 

I  :  a  common  pronun- 

mls  -ii-:. 

I.  A  river  in  the 

the  ( lull  of  Mexico; 

ins     '.'.  \  State  hi  the  9  cen- 

l'   p    1  96 1  122;  capital. 

---lp  |il-»u,  <i  A  n. 

1.  •  i-  1 1  to 

ii.         i .  .: .  eepe- 

.'  .    .  ■       .-enger. 
.  100,  wild  i 

■;u'n:  g  mt-SQ'rt  Of  ml-su'rl,  n.    '• 

100  m.  long  from 

3i    i  oula    '!. 

'  9  120  sq.  m.:  pop. 

Ml itHltl  An. 

l  .         I.        make  ■ 
;.  i  "  •  rr.    II.  n.    A false  or  wrong 


ml-.').-.  Nljas:  a  diminutive. 

mist,  l  .  r(.  &  n'.    1.  To  covet  or  cloud 

tin  in  very  fine  <ln>ps.    II. 
I .  isture  in  the  atmi 

ii   Hi-.    ;t.  Any- 
- 
ml^-taki-'.   I  -talc7,  r.     [mis-took';  mi- 

.1.1.  '.'. 

II.  •.  rong.    [  <  I- 

mln  fair  a  til(r~  o 
ml  — taken.  I  -!/.ed  by  mistake:  Incorrect; 

.  In  opinion  or  ludgn 
-1     SiTij  sti-  AU.st.Ki>.  —  mK-tak'cii-ly,  adv. — 
ml  — ta'U.  n-m  ss,  n. 
ml  — lik.'.  :.t    perception, 

.;>rcaKlon;  a  blunder.    Syn.:  see  union, 
mi  — (•  in  iMicdt,  pa.    1.  Wrathful.    2.  Disordered;  DUcon- 

Ml-'tir.  ter:  a  title  of  address 

"  ) 
mi-  i  I'-ii"  .  1.  An  evergreen 

ml-  1 1- 1 1 H    .  .nil.,  with  yellowish-green  leaves 

.'.'I  uri    *. 

•■ 

muuitdn.    <    mUttl,  birdlime.   +   tan. 

nil- I  '.  .  rnls-tuk';  2  mla-UJ&k',  Imp. 

ml-'tr.il.    .  :     n.     A 

L  mag-  "     "   «".,; 

ml-  in-.  1 .     '.        man   in 

married 

■  •■ii  misfit,     •!.    '•■ 

woman  who  unlawful!;.  *-    '■• 

thing     5.  A  sweetheart     •< 
bowl  uvd  as  a  mark  U  •    jack. 

[<  LL.°'  mngixtrtx.  fem.  of  I.  ,m  n  ii.  n.J— mls'- 

tresS'Shlpi,  n.    The  authority  or  rule  of  a  mistress. 

For  words  In  mis-  not  given 


J>    • 


i 


nil--trii-(  '.   |  I',  if 

;.    i ..  ippn  In  ii'l     II. 

iru-'  i  i 

iiil--irn-i    lul.     .         inl--lrii-l    lul-l>.    ,..'■         nils- 
trust   tiil-n. 
tills!  ').    1     mi  .1  i.  [mi-i    i   i  n;    misi    i    i  -i    | 

imnu  '1  l'\  mi  -I .  basj  ;  ol 
k      mist  'i-i> ,  mist  i-n. 

IHI--IIII  "llrr-sl.uiil    .  I  ■■■!.'.■ 

fail  to  undci  mis-  on'  der-atand  1nga        I.  \ 

Mllll  I. 

mis-use '.    i  I  i w  ronglj 

mis-use '  .  i    ■       i  jeet  to  ill  treatment, 

mis-use',  I  l.  ill  troatmenl ; 

abuse    '-•  I  mla-u'aage  ■ 

Ml  ten 'ell,  i  micn'el;2  mlch'l  I,  n     1.  Donald  Grant 

.  an   \ in.  rti  si  '■■  Marls  (1818  1880),  an 

:t.  BUaa   w  •  i  >  (14),  an 

American  physician,  poet,  and  do 

iiiilr  .  1   moil  :  L'  mil.  n .     1.  An  ■     :  ■  I  dally  one  "f 

the  smaller  forms,  as  .-i  cheese*mito  or  itch*m  I 

t  mistaken  for  the  above     I-    AS  mUs,mite.] 
mil  •> .  o     i  :ontainlng  ur  full  ol  i 
initi-  .         I.    \     sry  small  amounl  ur  particle     '-'■ 

very  small  coin  ur  sum  of  money;  as,  the  widow's  mite. 

Afar*  ill,  i-  D.  mOt,  mite.]    Synj  see  particu 

ml  'It-r,  I  moi'tsr;  2  ml'ter,  i      1. 1     I.  To  confer  a  miter 

upon.    8.  To  adorn  with  a  mi  To  make  or 

jnin  with  a  mitiT'jnint.    II.  i.    To  form  a  miter-joint. 

mi'trt-;. 
inl'irr.  •!     1.  Ahead-dr  one  worn  by  popes, 

bishops,  abbots,  etc  .  an  ol  a 

tall  ornamental  cap  terminating  in  two 

f teaks;  hence,  the  office  ur  dignity  "I"  a 
lishop,  etc,  'i.  Meeh  The  junction  of 
two  bodies  .'it  an  angle;  a  slanting 
joint.  iiii'UT=J<>iiil";.  :i.  \  cap  or 
cowl  fur  :i  chimney  or  ventilator*pipe. 
4.  Agussel  in  a  garment.  [F.,  <  L. 
<  Clr.  mitra,  turban,  I » » - 1 1 .J 
ml'tret-  mi'tir  box*',  n.  A  box  hav- 
ing a  bottom  and  sidr^.  i. ut  no  top  or  end  i, 
the  -whs  having  kerita  ur  aaw^ 
which  wooden  strips  may  be  aawed  to  ao- 

inili-rs. 

Mltli'ra.  lmlfh'rn:2mlth'ra.n.  The  Persian  Miter. 

u'.»!  of  iil'Ih  :  his  worship  Introduced  Into  Rome.    Mlth'rast. 

Mltir'ri-da'tes.  i  mi t ii'n-i j.  - 1 s .- .  2  mlth'rl-aa'tl  ■  "The 
Great,"  king  of  Pontus  I      S3  B  C  i ;  defeated  by  Pompey. 

mil  1-eate,  1  mil  'i-gSl ; 2 mlt'i-gat,  vt .  |-..  \  i"i  n1;  -<;at"- 
To  render  Ii  as  linr.-li  or  painful;  make  milder; 
assuaec.  [<  L.  mitts,  mild,  +  aoo.  make.)  Syri.:  see  IB  ATE; 
ai.i.ay:  uxjeviate;  amend;  palliate;  bjelax.  mlt'l-Ka- 
hi  i",  o.  mlt'l-Kant,  a.  Mitigating;  lenitive.  mit"i- 
Ka'tloti,  ti.     mil 'I-Ka"tlvu-*,  a.     iiiit 'l-Ka"lor,  n. 

ini-io'-i-,   i    mi-tO'sis;  L'  ml-tO'als,   n.  m<ii.  The  Beriee  of 
changei  through  \\hirh  the  nucleus  passes  in  Indirect  cell- 
read.] 

ml"traH"leuse',  1  ml'tra'yOs'i  ~  mi'trii'yus'.  n.    A  breech* 
loading  macbJne^un  of  grouped  barrels  for  the  r:ipi<i  iirini; 
lies.    [F.l — iiil"trall"leur',  a.    Onewhooper- 
mltrallleuse. 

■iii'tral,  1  mai'trsl;  2  ml'tral,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  re- 
sembhng  a  miter.  '*.  Anal.  <»f  <,r  pertaining  (•■  the 
mitral  valve.  —  mitral  valvt',  a  membranous  valve  be- 
tween the  left  auricle  and  the  left  ventricle  of  the  heart. 
[F.,  <  L.  mitra;    ■  ■  un  i.n,  n.\ 

mitt,  1  mit;  2  a  (t,  »  1.  A  glove,  often  of  lace  or  knit- 
work, that  d  od  "■■ '  r  the  angers.  '*.  A  mit- 
ten    [Abbi 

mit 'ten,  1  mit'n;2  mlt'n,  n.    1.  A  covering  for  the  hand, 
•  four  angers  together  and  the  thumb 
rately.    'i.  A  mitt.    8.  [CoUoq.  or  Obs.]  A  glove.     4. 
[Colloq.]  Rejectioi  I  ■  ] 

mit 'ti-inus,  1  mit'l-mus;  2  mlt'1-mus,  n.  1.  Law.  An  or- 
derb  committing  a  prisoner  to  Jail.   '£.  A  dis- 

missal.   [L.,  1st  per  pi  pres.  lnd  aci  of  mftto,  send.] 

Mlt"y-le'ne,  1  mlt'l-ll'nl;  2  An  Island  In  the 

,    in.;  pop.  180.000;  the  ancient  Le-bos. 

Myf'l-le'net. 

mix,  1  mil:-;  2  mlks,  rr  .V  ri.     [mixi.o1  or  mixt;  mix'ino.] 

L  To  unite  j  ly  into  one  mass;  mingle;  blend, 

2.  To  associate.    |  <  A  nix.] 

Syn.:  amalgamate,  associate,  blend,  combine,  commingle, 

OOmmlX,  compound,  confuse,  fuse,  Incorporate,  Join,  meddle, 

mingle,  unite.   Compare  complex;  heterogeneous. — Ant; 
Donyma  for  SEPARATE.-  Prep.:  to  mix  chicory  vrlth 
coffee:  rnlx  with  the  crowd;  in  the  business. 

—  mlx'a-bl'ef,     a.       mi\  i-M  ■      .     mixed,     pa.      1. 

above  see  mis-,  prefix,  page  506. 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  hablU    aisle;    dtl  =  out;    ell;    iQ  =  feud;    diin;    go;    D  =  sing;    fhin,   this. 
509         2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this. 


missal 
model 


Mingled  in  a  body  or  mass.  2.  Promiscuous.  3.  Mentally 
confused. — mls'er,  re.  One  who  or  that  which  mixes;  a 
machine  or  device  for  mixing. — mix'ture,  re.  1.  The  act  of 
mixing.  2.  Something  resulting  from  mixing.  3.  Something 
added  as  an  ingredient.  4.  Pharm.  A  preparation  consist- 
ing of  an  aqueous  solution  in  which  is  suspended  an  insoluble 
compound  and  intended  for  internal  use.  5.  Chem.  & 
Mineral.  A  commingling  in  which  the  ingredients  retain 
their  individual  properties  or  separate  chemical  nature:  if 
chemically  combined  it  is  a  compound. 

mix'en,  1  miks'n;2miks'n,  re.  [Archaic  or  Obs.]  Adung=heap; 
compost^heap.     [<  AS.  mixen,  <  meox,  dung.]    mis 'on  J. 

mix"ti-lin'e-al,  1  miks"ti-lin'i-el;  2  miks"ti-lin'e-al,  a.  Math. 
Formed  by  or  containing  a  mixture  of  right  or  curved  lines. 
[<  L.  mixtus,  pp.  of  misceo,  mix,  +  lineal.] 

Miz'pah,  1  miz'pa;2  miz'pa,  n.  Bib.  A  sacred  spot  in  Gilead. 
Gen.  xxxi,  49.    [Heb..  watch=tower.] 

miz'zen,  1  miz'n;  2  miz'n,  n.  Naut.  A  triangular  storm= 
sail  sometimes  set  on  the  mizzenmast.  See  ship.— 
miz'zcn-mast,  re.    The  mast  next  abaft  the  mainmast. 

mlz'zle1, 1  miz'l;  2  miz'l,  ri.  [miz'zl(e)dp;  miz'zling.]  To  rain 
in  very  fine  drops;  mist.    [Freq.  of  mist,  v.]    mis'lef. 

mlz'zle2,  v.  \.l.  To  muddle;  confuse.  II.  4.  1.  To  succumb; 
sometimes,  colloquially,  to  become  tipsy.  2.  [Slang.]  To 
run  otf ;  abscond.  [a.    Misty. 

mlz'zle,  re.    Mistake  rain;  drizzle.    mlz'zlingj.— miz'zly, 

ml.,  abbr.  Milliliter. — M.  L.  A.,  abbr.  Modern  Language 
Association. — M.  L.  G.,  abbr.  Middle  Low  German. — 
Mile.,  abbr.  [F.]  Mademoiselle.— MM.,  abbr.  [Their) 
Majesties,  Messieurs.— mm.,  abbr.  Millimeter.  — mm.1, 
abbr.  Square  millimeter. — mm.2,  abbr.  Cubic  millimeter. — 
Mine.,  abbr.  [Mmes.,  pi.]  [F.]  Madame.— Mn.,  abbr. 
Manganese. 

mne-mon'ic,  1  m-men'ik;  2  ne-mon'ic,  a.  Aiding  the 
memory.  [ <  Gr.  mnemonikos,  <  mnoomai,  remember.] 
mne-mon'i-calj. — mne-mon'ics,  re.  The  science  of 
artificial  memory. 

Mne-mos'y-ne,  1  ni-mes'l-nf;  2  ne-m6s'y-ne,  n.  Gr.  Myth. 
The  goddess  of  memory;  mother  of  the  Muses. 

mot,  a.,  re.,  &  adv.    Afore,    moet;  moot. 

-mo.  A  suffix  added  to  numbers  to  indicate  into  how  many 
leaves  a  sheet  is  folded;  as,  12mo  or  duodecimo.    [<  -mo  as 

in  DUODECIMO.] 

M.  O.,  abbr.  Money=order.—  Mo.,  abbr.  Missouri  (official), 
Monday. — mo.  abbr.    [mos.,  pl.\    Month. 

mo'a,  1  mo'a;  2  mo'a,  re.  A  very  large,  recently  extinct,  bird 
of  New  Zealand,  etc.,  having  enormous  legs  with  at  least 
three  toes,  and  obsolete  wings.    [Maori.] 

Mo'ab,  1  mo'ab;  2  mo'ab,  re.  Bib.  A  territory  E.  of  the  Dead 
Sea. — Mo'ab-lte,  a.  &  re. — Moablte  stone,  a  tablet  of  the 
9th  century  B.  C.,  found  in  1S6S,  containing  one  of  the  ear- 
liest inscriptions  in  the  Phenician  alphabet,  recording  the 
revolt  of  the  Moabites  against  Israel. — Mo'ab-l"tcss,  n. 
fern,.— Mo'ab-it"ish,  a. 

moan,  1  mon;  2  mon.  l.vt.&vi.  To  lament;  utter  alow, 
mournful  sound.  II.  n.  A  feeble  or  suppressed  groan. 
[<  AS.  mxnan,  moan.] 

moat,  1  mot;  2  mot.  Id.  vt.  To  surround  with  a  moat. 
II.  re.  A  defensive  ditch  on  the  outside  of  a  fortress 
wall.     [<  OF.  mote,  embankment.] 

mob1,  1  mob;  2  mob.  I.  vt.  [mobbed;  mob'bing.]  To 
assail  or  impede,  as  by  a  disorderly  crowd.  II.  n.  1. 
A  turbulent  or  lawless  crowd.  2.  The  lowest  class  of 
people.  [Abbr.  of  L.  mobile,  orig.  mobile  vulgus,  fickle 
crowd.] 

Syn.:  canaille,  crowd,  dregs  of  the  people,  lower  classes, 
masses,  populace,  rabble.  The  populace  are  poor  and  Igno- 
rant, but  may  be  law=abiding;  a  mob  is  disorderly  and  law- 
less, but  may  be  rich  and  influential.  The  rabble  Is  de  ipl 
cable,  worthless,  purposeless;  a  mob  may  have  effective  des- 
perate purpose.  A  crowd  may  be  drawn  by  men'  curiosity; 
some  strong,  pervading  excitement  is  needed  to  make  It  a 
mob.— mob'ber,  re.— mob'blsh,  a.    -ly,  adv. 

mob2.  I.  vt.  1.  [Hare.]  To  cover  or  conceal  with  a  cap  or 
cowl;  hood.  2.  [Prov.  Eng.]  To  dress  awkwardly,  ll.  n. 
A  cap  or  head=dress  worn  by  women  and  girls  and  usually 
tied  under  the  chin.  mob'cap"t.  [<  MD. mop, woman's 
cap.] 

mo'bile,)l   mo'bil;  2  mo'bil,   a.      1.   Characterized   by 

mo'bilH,  J  ease  or  freedom  of  motion;  henoe,  fickle.  '&• 
Movable.    [F.,  <  L.  mobilia,  movable.] 

Syn.:  changeable,  changing,  expressive,  fickle,  movable, 
sensitive,  variable,  volatile,  see  icnvic,  Ant.:  dull,  Bxed, 
immovable,  inexpressive,  si  ill.  stolid,  unchanging,  unvary- 
ing.— mo-l»IPI-iy,  re.  Thecharactei  oi  tate  of  being  mo- 
bile.— mo'bll-lze,  vt.  &  vi.  l-i/.i  i>;  iz'iNO.]  To  make  or 
become  ready  for  active  service,  as  soldiers,  or  (rarely)  a  fleet, 
mo'bil-lset.     mo"bll-l-/a'tloii,  n.     mo"lill-l-sa'lloii ; . 

mob'l-le1,  1  meb'i-II;  2  mdb'l-ie,  n  Anything  movable;  now 
chiefly  in  philosophy.    |i.|    mo'bllet. 

Mo-bile",  1  mo-btl';  2  mo-bll',  «.     \  seaport  city  In  8,  W. 

Alabama;  pop.  51  ,.r)l)0. 
mob'let,  vt.    To  cover  with  a  cap  or  mob,  as  the  head. 


Moccasin. 


moc'ca-sin1,  1  mok'a-sin;  2  moc'a-sin,  re.  A  foot»oover- 
ing  made  of  soft  leather  or  buckskin:  worn  by  North" 
American  Indians.  [<  Algonkian  mawcohsun,  shoe.]— 
moc'ca-sinsflow"er,  re.  Any  one  of  certain  orchids  of  tin 
genu3  Cypripedium,  common  in  the  United  States  la  'dj  '8 
slip"perj. 

moc'ca-sin2,  re.  A  dark*colored,  obscurely  blotched 
venomous  snake  of  the  southern  United  States 
[Appar.  <  mocca- 
sin1.] 

mo'cha1,  1  mo'ka;  2 
mo'ca,  re.  1.  A 
choice  coffee,  prop- 
erly that  brought 
from  Mocha  in  Ara- 
bia. 2.  A  weight 
of  Abyssinia,  equal 
to  a  troy  ounce. 

Mo'cha2,  1  mo'ka; 
2  mo'ca,  re.  A  for- 
tified seaport  in 
S.  W.  Arabia;  pop. 
5,000. 

mochet,  a.  &  adv. 
Great;  much. 

mock',  1  mok;  2  m5k,  v.    I.  t.    1.  To  mimic  in  del 

2.  To  deceive  by  false  show.  II.  i.  To  manliest  ridicule 
or  scorn;  jeer.    [  <  OF.  mocquer.] 

Syn.:  banter,  chaff,  deride,  flout,  gibe,  insult.  Jeer,  make  a 
butt  of,  make  game  of,  taunt.  See  DOTAIZ;  WSLXAD;  ituu- 
cule;  scoff.  Compare  (  ihmkhfeit.  —  Ant.:  see  pkaise. — 
Prep.:  mock  at  misfortune;  mock  a  person  uit/i  deceitful 
hopes. 

mock,  a.    Merely  imitating  the  reality;  sham. 

mock,  re.    An  act  of  mocking;  a  jeer;  mockery — mock  '- 
a-bl(ep,  a. — mock'er,  n.  —  mock'er-y,  n.    [mock'ii. 
pi.)    1.  Derisive  or  contemptu- 
ous mimicry.    2.  A  false  show; 
sham.    3.  A  butt  of   ridicule. 

4.  Labor  in  vain.  Syn.:  see 
banter;  niDiiTi.E;  scorn.— 
mork'lngsblrd",  re.  1.  A 
bird  common  In  the  southern 
United  States,  noted  for  Its 
rich  song  and  extraordinary 
power  of  mimicry.  2.  One  of 
various  other  birds  that  mock. 
— mock'ing-ly,  adv. 

mod.,  abbr.    Moderato't{lt.,  mod- 
erate) ,  modern. 

mode,  1  mod;  2  mod,  re.     1.  Manner  of  being,  doing,  etc  | 
way;  method.     2.   Prevailing  style;   common   fashion 

3.  Gram.  The  manner  in  which  the  action  expressed  by 
a  verb  is  stated:  denoted  by  the  form  of  the  verb  less 
correctly  called  mood.  4.  Mux.  A  method  Of  dividing 
an  octave  by  placing  the  Btepa  and  half  steps  of  which 
it  is  composed  in  certain  arbitrary  relations,  as  in  the 
Greek,  Gregorian,  major,  and  minor  modes,  efc 

5.  Logic.  (1)  The  style  of  tie-  connection  bi  I «e,n  the 
antecedent  and  the  consequent  of  a  propi 
SameasMOOD.    6.  Psychol.  A.  faculty  or  a  phenomenon 

of   mind    considered    as   a    state    of    oonsciou  7. 

Philos.  The  manner  of  a  thing's  existence  so  far  a*  it  Is 
not  essential.    [F.,  <  I.,  modus,  manner  ] 

Syn.:  see  MANNER;  BTBTBM.      mo'dal.  0      01  or  denoting 
a  mode— mo-dal'1-ty,  n.     Modal  character 
mod'el, lmed'el;2mod'6]     [.vt.&vt     I  i  i  i  di h    blled, 
mod'bld8;  -ki.-i.\'<;  or  -i.i.  i  in',  i    I.  i     1.  To  form  on  oi 
over  something  as  a  mo.  lei,  shape    often  followed  1 

2.  In  drawing  and  painting,  to  give  an  appearai •( 

relief  to,  as  a  face.  8,  To  make  a  model  4.  To  assume 
afonn  like  thai  of  a  model    II.  a      Inswi 

as  a  model;  suitable  forai lei;  worthj  tobi  imitated 

III.  a.    1.  An  object  representing  accurate  ly  something 
to  be  made  or  already  existing;  whatever  conn  til 
pattern  or  example;  a  pi 

etc.    '£.  Thai  which  i .  i  ikon  a    a  patl  n  who 

po  es  as  a  copy  for  a  painter  or  sculptor,  or  woman  who 

•  shibil  them 
to   advantage      8.   Thai    whioh     tril  ini 
something  el  ••      I  ■     I   " 

Syn :  arohi  """''■ 

Image  imitation,  mold,  original,  pattern  prototype,  repllra, 

ntatlon,  type      A  pattern  Is  always,  In  n • 

,,,.,,     |  copied; a  model  maj  beelther  ihelhlng  lo 

be  copied  or  the  copy  thai  has  been  made  from  it 
In  the  Patent  <  ifflee      \  pattern  In  rommonl 
nolal;  a  model  is  usually  In  relief     \  pntii  m  most  i» 
foil., we. i  m  its  minutest  parlli  ulnr*  bj  n  fallliftil  cc»i 
model  maj  slim  a  great  degrn  ol  freedom      ( 
Idealise  bis  living  mudii;  ids  workmen  must  axaotl)  oopj  in 


Mocking-bird.     >/i 


Minim* 


I  i  .■        ot.flr;   full,  rtlle;   Lilt.  LOrn; 

•     i  ii       i  I  ~  6;  go,  not,  or,  «on.     510 


III, ..I     .   I-.  I  .  Illll        Ml 

M  .  I 

I 

IV;    m 

I  .  ping    or 

mod   ir-.il.-l>.  iiiii. !'■  r-.ili --in  «S,  iiniil"- 

iii.    1   .  r-.i'  lor. 
I 

onV<  -  ib)  tcrlan   and 

rn,  1  I .  '.inn  to 

.'  .  ■     mmon- 

pj  per- 
il rn  literature, 
■in iii-  from  the 

■ami  -  '  f.ir  enough  to 

in  the 

I  from  the  past 

,er  a  longer  time  than 

■  d,  bui  may  be  of  n  familiar 
ol  an  old  book. 
I 
II. 

1 1  .rn-or : .       •      II 

in ■  ><t  .r n- i-ni.    ■:      a  jnodera   practise,  style, 

mod'ern-lst,         mod'ern-lseor-lse, 

miMl"erii-l-/a'- 

lon, 

in. ..I  est,  ]  1.1.'.  strained  l>y  a 

i  '.'.  i  Iharacterised  by  re- 

serv-  ;l.  Free 

[<    L.   moil i. -tus,  moderate, 

m<  « I  mod  ■  -  i  - 1  i . 

SjTl_-  ■•Iia.-'-  proper, 

.  .  unostentatious,  un- 
-• .   in  MB]  i 
III. n|  V--  I  I  , 

and  -  rum. 

QfTl  l"at[iT, 

•  mldlty,  unobtrnslvi- 

be    real    or    ■ 

i.t  one- 

..f  some 

nndertakinv  meaning  >>i  a 

■ 
timidity,  a  distinct 
■    holding 
1 
expression. 

■  r.  on  the  other  hand, 
'    .  -    le   and    b     I 
■ 
arrogance.  aasumi>' 

freedom, 

.    ocas,   seU*coi 

I I     l-i   HIM.     .  n.        [\t"I>'l-TA, 

pl\    \.  •  .'.         mall  thing  or 

1  ■ 

01    '      '       ;  ;    vary 
! 

in. n|   l-li" a-lil  . 
iimi.        I  llfying;  qualification,   '£.  A 

mod  i-ti 
mod'l-h   ,  _-  mod  Ish,  a      Conlormable  to  the 

Dtlonal.    -I>,  «'/r.   -netts,  n. 
mo'dlite',  1  mO'dlst';  2  mo'dist'.  n.    A  dressmaker.     [F.] 


Mod  Irn'ka,  I  ' Helena  (1844   1900), 

\   i  iimlnl)  in  Khaki'  i«  .n  Inn  rt 

iihmI  u-l.itr,   l    j  ii  lit   or  mod  yu  u-lal   or 

•     ini    \    I .  f  o  vary 
•.'.    \;         Po  ehai 
I      •■       .   .'  .      pp.  ol   moduloi 
mod  hi  i  nun.        mod  u-la"tor,       I.  One  who 

'.'.     \  .-.  Ing  I  lie 

lira 

mod  nit-,  l  in. hi  -.  hi    ■  i  ,  hi.        i  ol  pro 

Hon  among  tin  i  leal  order.    [«    i..  modulus, 

dim    i  urr  | 

in*.  I  mod  I'yvj  Ids,  n     I  LI,  1    It 

\  number,  coefficient,  or  quantlt)  that  mi 
■  force,  function,  nr  effect.    |i...  dim,  of  tnodut,  measure  | 
iimi'' . 

mo  « i  ii  - .  Li  in  i.  ri     |i  ]     Mode;  manner 

iihmIiis  rtrendl,  literally,  ■  mode  ol  living;  ■  temporary 
arrangement  pending  ■  final  settlement 
Mot'aKa,  l  ml  In  indent  Roman  prov- 

ince; the  modern  Bulgaria  and  Bervla 
Mo-buI'i   L  mo-gi  -i  I     Mi.-,. .i.i        (he 

Great  oi  (;r.uui  Mogul,    i.  Tin-  former  emperor  ol  Delhi, 
?.  in-  iii-)  Am  Imposing  or  pretentious  personage, 
tiiii'li.iir,  l  i.  ri,,   bail  of  tl 

'.    '.  I  ibrio  made  t herefrom     |<  P. 

\  ,  goat's>hair  cloth  ] 

Mnii. mi  ,    | !  -     Mohammedan. 
Mo-ham 'med,  1  mo  bam'ed;2  mo-ham'ed,  »     1.  (570 
ah  Aral. ian  religious  ami  mllltar)  leader;  founder  ol  [slam; 
author  ol  tin'  Koran.    'J.  <  me  ol  I 

dally  M.  II.,  "the  Great,"  who  took  Constantinople  In 
Ma-iiinii'et ; .  Mii-ii.inriiir-iiaii.  I.  a  Per- 
taining tn  Mohammed  nr  t.i  his  religion  and  Instltutlona. 
11.  n.  \  follower  ol  Mohammed  or  a  professor  ol  bis  relig- 
ion Mn-liuin'me-dan-iMii,  n.  The  religion  founded  i>y 
Mohammed;  [slam. 
Mo 'hawk,  1  mO'hSk;  2  Dof/bak,  n,  1.  A  river  In  central  New 
York;  length,  it.">  m.  t"  the  Hudson  river.    '£■  t  me  <if  a  tribe 

Ol  Nun  h-  \iiirncaii  Indians  ol  [TOQUOlaD  slink,  who  mi- 
grated from  New  York  to  t  lanada.  8.  •  ine  ol  a  band  ol  law- 
persons,  often  aristocratic  rakes,  who  frequented  the 
streets  of  London  earl)  In  the  i  Mb  century.    Mo 'hock  t. 

Mo-lil  can,  /  i  mo-hi'ken,  -hi'gsn;  \i  mo  bl'ean,    in    an.  n. 

Mo-he'gan,  |  One  ol  a  warlike  tribe  of  Indians  belonging  to 

mo 'bur,  l  mO'hOr;  :.'  mChflr,  n.  A  gold  coin  ol  British  India, 
worth  £1  12     or  about  $7.50.    [<  Hind,  moltt  ] 

mol'der,  l  mel'dsr;  2  mol'der,  >.  [Prov.  Eng.  <v  sent  ]  I.  t. 
i.  in  bewilder;  confuse,  'i.  To  pass  In  toll,  as  time  or  Ufa 
II.   f.     To   toll;  drudge.     [Cp.   muddle.]     mol'tlier}.— 

inol'derl,  ii.     Slii|iul 

mol'dore,  l  mei'dOr;  ~  mfll'dfir,  n.  A  former  Portuguese  gold 
trorth  about  S6  60     I  •    Pg.  moeda  d'owo,  coin  ol  gold.] 

inoi'e-l),  l  mei'i-ti;  2  rnSi'e-ty,  n.  [-tebs*,  pi]  1.  A 
'l.  A  small  portion.    I  <  F.  moitii  \ 

moil,  1  moil;  Z  moil.  I.  if.  i  n.  1.  'J'o  soil,  or  be  soiled; 
defile.  2.  To  weary,  or  be  wearied;  toil.  II.  n.  A  soil- 
ing; defilemeDt;  spot.    (  <  OF.  mn i Hi  r,  wet.] 

moire,  1  mwar;2  mwar,  n.  1.  A  watered  silk  or  mohair  fabric 
miil"re:-.  moire  an"(lque'J.  2.  A  watered  or  clouded 
finish  given  to  textile  fabrics.    \i '.,  watered  silk;  see  uohair.] 

moist,  1  moist;  Ii  moist,  o.  Having  slight  sensible  wet- 
damp.  [<  OF  moitte,  <  L.  musteus,  dew.] — 
mois'tcn.  ft,  St  ri.  To  make  or  Income  moist.— mols'- 
ten-iT,  n.  moist 'ness,  «.  — mols'ture,  n.  Slight  Ben- 
in ol't  her,  it.  Sl  rf.    Same  as  moiiikr. 

moke.]  iiiok; 2 mSk, n.  [Sutng, Eng.]  A  donkey. 

Mo'kha,  n.     Same  as  MOCHi 

inu'lar  ,  1  molar;  2  m&'lar.  La.  1.  Grinding,  or  adapted 
for  grinding.    2.  Pertaining  to  a  molar.    II.  n,    A  tooth 
with  flattened  crown;  a  double  or  hark  tooth.    [<  L. 
•  longing  to  a  mill.] 

molar*,  a.  Pertaining  to  a  mass;  acting  on  or  exerted 
by  a  mass,  as  force.    [<L.mo2<   ,  great  mass.] 

mu-las'ses,  ]  mi  i  -1 B  j'l  12  I  'J,  mo-ll  ''';.  n.  A  viscid  dark* 
colored  liquor  drained  otT  from  crystallizable  sugar; 
treat  I  ceus.hi rney 'like  ] 

mold  .    I  1  molil;  2  mold       I1,  if.     To  form  in  or  as  in  a 

mould,  I  mold.    Syn.:  see  bbnd;  ooviibm  ;  i   rxuENCi 

II.  n.      1.  A   form  or  matrix  for  shaping  any  fluid  or 
plastic  material;  a  pattern;  modi  I ,  al  jo,  Form;  character. 
I  molding,    I-    i    moule,  •'  L,  modulus,  dim. 
of  n  i    Syn.:  see  uodel. — mold'a-bl'<"',  a. 

moiild'a-hl  e' ;.      mold 'ir,   mould 'er,   n.      1.   One  who 

mold  tempered  clay  Into  bricks.   2.  A  machine 

for  molding  or  shaping, 
mold'',   I  I1,  rf.    To  cover  with  mold.     II.  n.    1.  Earth 
mould,  i  ad  rich  in  organic  matter. 

'£.  The  oonstil  uenl  material  of  anything.    3.  The  earth; 

ground.    [  <  AS.  molde,  earth.] 


1:»  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  OMt;    eil;    Iu  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    rj  =  sinp;    fhin    this       Modena 
511      2:  wolf,  dg;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,'   this,  monad 


mold3,   )  Id.  vt.  &  vi.     To  become,  or  cause  to  become, 
mould,  j  moldy.     II.  n.     Any  fungous  growth  on  food, 

clothing,  etc.;  mustiness;  decay.     [<   Ice.   mygla,    < 

mugga,  mist.] 
molds   )  Id.  vt.    To  stain  or  spot,  as  with  rust.    II.  n.    A 
mould, )  stain  or  discolored  mark,  as  from  rust.     [  < 

mole1,  n.] 
mold'er,     )  vt.  &  vi.     To  crumble,  or  cause  to  crumble; 
mould  'er, )  waste  away.    [Freq.  of  mold2,  v.] 

Syn.:  see  decay. 
mold'ing,     )  n.    1.  The  act  of  shaping  with  a  mold.    2. 
mould  'ing, J  Anything  made  in  a  mold.     3.  A  more  or 


ii  "  t 

Some  Varieties  of  Moldings. 

1.  Square  billet.  2.  Cjma  recta.  3.  Round  billet.  4.  Roll  and  fillet.  5.  Pellet. 
6.  Torus.  7.  Nailhead.  8.  Roll  and  scroll.  9.  Cable.  10.  Cavetto.  11.  Ogee. 
12.  Chain.     13.  Fillet.     14.  Vitruvian  scroll.     16.  Hatched. 

less  ornamental  strip  on  some  part  of  a  structure.  4. 
Arch.  A  cornice  or  other  depressed  or  projecting  decora- 
tive member  on  a  surface  or  angle  of  any  part  of  a  build- 
ing. 

mold  'warp,  n.    [Prov.  Eng.]    The  mole. 

mold'y,     )  a.     [mold'i-er;  mold'i-est.]     Covered  with 

mould 'y,  J  mold;  hence,  old;  musty. — mold'i-ness,  n. 
mould 'i-nessi. 

mole1,  1  mol;  2  mol,  n.  1.  A  small  permanent  spot  on  the 
skin;  a  birthmark.  2.  A  stain  or  spot,  as  in  a  garment. 
[<  AS.  mat,  spot.] 

mole2,  n.  A  worm*eating  mammal  having  velvety  fur, 
minute  eyes,  very  broad  fore  feet  adapted  for  dig- 
ging and  forming  exten- 
sive underground  excava- 
tions. (Abbr.  of  mold- 
warp,  <  AS.  molde,  dirt, 
+  weorpan.  throw.)  mole'- 
warpt  [Prov.  Eng.].  — 
mole'shill",  n.  A  small 
heap  or  ridge  of  earth 
raised  by  a  mole  In  bur- 
rowing.— mole'skln",  n. 
The  skin  of  a  mole;  also,  a 
cloth  resembling  It,  or  a. 
garment  made  of  the  cloth. 

mole',  n.     A  jetty  or  break- 
water,   partially   enclosing   an  anchorage   or    harbor. 
[  <  F.  mole  ( <  L.  moles),  great  mass.] 
Syn.:  see  rampart. 

mol'e-eule,  1  mol'i-kiul;  2  mol'e-cul,  n.  1.  The  smallest 
part  of  a  substance  that  can  exist  separately;  the  BtTUC- 
tural  unit  of  physics.  2.  Any  small  particle,  3,  The 
germinating  point  in  the  yolk  of  a  bird's  egg.     [  <   F. 

moUcule.  dim.  <  L.  moles,  mass.]     Syn.:  sec  pah 

— mo-lec'u-lar,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  consisting  of 
molecules.    2.  Resulting  from  the  action  of  molecules. 

mo-lest'd,  1  mo-lest';  2  mo-16st',  vt.    To  annoy  or  harm; 
disturb  injuriously.    [  <  L.  molesto,  <  moles,  burden.] 
Syn.:  see  aiuj.sk;  persecute. 
— mo"les-ta'tlon,  n.     mo-lest'cr,  >i . 

Mo"llere',  1  mC'lyar';  2  m0"lyer/,  n.  Pseudonym  of  .lean 
I'.aptlste  Poquelin  (1622-lf>7.'i).  a  French  r  1  r:i u  1:1 1  i   I 

mol  lab,  l  moi'a;  2  m6i'ii,  n.    a  Mohammedan  compllmen 

tary  title  given  to  religious  dignitaries;  also,  a  Judgl       I 
Turk,  molla,  <  Ar.  mould.  Judge  I     moo'laht. 
moll  Y«d"dle,  n.     Same  a.s  MOLLYCODDLI 

molll-ent,  l  mel'i-entor  mel'yent;2  m61'l-ent  m  tnftl' 

Same  as  EMOLLIENT, 

mol'li-fy,  1  mel'i-foi;  2  moTi-fy,  ».  [-fibd;  -ft*iko  I  I. 
t.    1.  To  reduce  the  violence  or  asperity  ol     '.'.  I 

soft  or  tender.  3.  To  mitigate  11./  To  grow  mild, 
soft,  or  tender.    [  <  L.F  mollis,  soft;  and  see  ,j  v  | 


Its  Burrow,  >/i 


and 


Syn.:  see  allay;  temper— mol"ll-fl-ca'tIon,  n      mol'- 
H-fi"a-bl(eP,  a.— moril-fl"er,  n. 

Mol-lus'ca,  1  me-lus'ka;  2  nio-lus'ca,  n.  pi.  Zoo!.  A  division 
of  invertebrates,  embracing  cuttlefishes,  snails,  and  bi- 
valves. [<  I,,  molliiscus;  see  mollusk.]  —  mol-lus'can,  a. 
&  n.  —  in oi -lus  You*,  a. 

Mol"Ius-coi'de-a,  1  mel'us-kei'di-e;  2m61*u8-eoTde-a,  n.  pi. 
Zool.  A  division  of  the  animal  kingdom,  especially  a  branch 
embracing  the  brachiopods  and  pi 
+  -oid.]— mol-luscoid,  a.  &  ».— mol"lus-col'dal, 
mol"lus-coi'dan  or-de-an.  a.  &  ft. 

moi'Iusk,  1  niol'usk;  2  moTusk,  n.  An  invertebrate 
animal,  as  a  bivalve,  snail,  slug,  cuttlefish,  or  the  like. 
[<  L.f mollvscus, soft.]    mol'lusc;. 

mol'Iy-cod"dle,  n.  [Slang.]  Same  as  milksop. 

Mo'loeh,  1  mo'lok:  2  mo '16c,  n.  1.  A  god  of  the  Phenlcians, 
to  whom  human  sacrifices  wire  offered.  2.  Any  system  in- 
volving merciless  sacrifice.    3.  [m-]  An  Australian  lizard. 

Mo"lo-ka'i,  1  nio"lo-ka'I;  2  mo"lo-ka'i,  n.  An  island  ol  the 
Hawaiian  group;  261  s<i.  m.:  pop.  2,500;  has  a  leper  colony. 

molt,    )  1  molt;  2  molt.    IK  vt.    To  cast  or  slough  off,  as 

moult,  )  hair,  feathers,  etc.     II.  ft.     The  molting  pi 

or  season.    [<  ME.  mouten,  <  L.  muto,  chai 
mol'ten,  1  mol'tn;  2  mol'tn,  pa    1.  Reduced  to  Quid  by 

heat;  melted    2.  Made  by  molding;  cast.  [Pp 
Molt'ke,  1  molt'ka;  2  molt'ke.     1.  Count  lleliniith  Karl 

Bernhard    von  (1800  1891).      A  Prussian  Deid-marshal; 

strategist;  planned  campaign  agalnsl  France.  1870  1871.  'i. 

Hclmuth  Johannes  Ltulwig  wm  (1848   1916).     chief  ol 

the  German  General  Stall,  in  1-4. 
Mo-luk'ka  Islands,  1  mo-Iuk'e;  2  mo-ltik'a.    A  group  ol 

Dutch  islands  of  the  Malay  Archipelago;  13,864  sq.  in.,  pop. 

407.900.    Mo-luc'cas;. 
mol.  wt.,  abbr.    Molecular  weight. 
mo'ly,  1  mo'h;2  mo'ly,  n.    1.  A  fabled  plant  of  magic  virtues. 

with  a  white  flower  and  a  black  root.    2.  A  European  wild 

garlic.    [L.,  <  Gr.  mdly.] 
mo-l)  b'de-iium,  1  mo-lib'di-num  or  mol'ib-dl'mmi:  2  mo- 

lyb'de-num    or    m61"yb-dc'num,   ft.      A    bard,  sih er-u  line. 

metallic  element.  See  ELEMENT.  [<  (ir.  molvbdaina,  ga- 
lena, <  molybdos,  lead.]    iii«l"yb-de'naj.  -  mo-l>  h'dale, 

n.     A  salt  of  molybdic  acid.  —  mo-It  li'ile-noiis,  ,i.     ino- 

lyb'dlc.  a.    Pertaining  to  or  containing  molybdenum. 
Mom-ba'sa,  1  mem-bfi'sa;  ;.'  mOm-ba'sK,  n.     A  seaport  of 

British  East  Africa,  pop.  30,000.    Mom'h.izt. 
momet,  n.    A  stupid  fellow  ;  also,  a  buffoon. 

mo'ment,  1  mo'ment  or  -men! ;  2  mo'ment,  a.  1.  A  very 
small  period  ol  time;  an  instant.  "-J.  The  present  time. 
:$.  Consequence  or  importance,  as  in  influencing  judg- 
ment or  action.  4.  Same  as  momentum  />.  \fech  The 
measure  oi  a  force  bj  its  effect  in  producing  rotation. 
<>.  Philo8.  The  thing  originating  or  causing;  principle  of 
movement  or  development,  [F.,  <  I.,  momentum, 
movement.]  Syn.:  see  WEIGHT. — iiio'iiicn-t.i-rt .  i 
ing   but  a  moment.      Syn..    see   TRANSIENT,      urn  'nieii-t.i- 

ri-ly,  adv.  1.  tor  a  moment.  '!■  From  moment  io  mo- 
ment, mo'meiit-l) ;.  mo'men-ta-rl-ness,  ••  mo- 
men 'tous,  a.     of  great    i  weight]      Bra 

imi'ouiwi;     statioi  s.         lllo-llleii'(ous-l) ,     o,t  1110- 

inen'tous-ness,  n. 

mo'men-ta-nyti ".    Momentary,    mo'men-ta-nlet. 

mo-inen'(um,  1  mo-men' turn;  2  mo-mfin'tum,  o  [  i  v, 
pi.]    1.  The  impetus  ol  a  movii 

quantity  of  motion  in  a  body  as  measured  bj  tie  prod- 
uct ol  its  "i.-i     i>>,  its  velocity,     •'(.    in e    ential  or  i 
stit  iK  lit  elemont      I.  M v      In  eighth  rest      I       I 
mentum.  movement,   balance,    alteration.]        mo-men '- 
tul.  a. 

Homm'sen,  i  i  Theodor    i  - 1 

\  i  ierman  hi  torlan  •  • 

Mo'mus,  1  mo'miis;  2  nio'nni  An  OVll  Spirit  ol   , 

blame  and  mocl  ei  i  v.  ho  wa   i    i"  Hi  d  from  <  "-■  •  • 
nion,  l  men; 2  mOn, n    [Scoi  a  Pro>    Eng.]  Man  • 
moil-,  l  men-;  :.'  mon      From  Greek  n  'uni- 
tary,   n        -   i  t  •  .iiii.  • 

Mon..  i .  , 

lllon'.'l-cllislll,     1     mon  *J»,         I  • 

monasl ic  manner  oi  lit.  r  •  « 

monk  |     moii'a-rbal,  o.     Pertaining  to  mon.*  * 

or  i in-  iic'ii.i  i io  life. 

Mon'a-ro.  I   n  |  -"*,     ■ 

Mediterranean,  8*  E.  Fraud  „  • 

Mom  I.  i    Mll.o.  .  .  ,    • 

mon 'ad.  I  II.  •••  ,  t 

ii  i  i ii i  •  monad .  in  chi  .*>     *      " 

iiiioi,-  powi  r  of  om   •  no-nad  I  UP       I 

\n  in •  I Libia  unit .  . 

'.'.  Biol    \  minul  •  , 

8.  '  1 1  "i    In  io, in.  radical,  or  el  I  with  n ill 

power  oi  I.  ,i  ,i  in 

in.ir.  i  ibli    pint  in  natui  • 


llHMl.Hlilr.Ml>    i 

Iiioiiiimtiii 


i         i       "  B       rttla;  but,  bOrn; 

ii         .  >ii  t  ..     ..  .  in,  won, 513 


tUU-l 

in. m   MMun,    i 

llll     .If. .11  - 

in. .11    ir,  !i. 

m.-iiir   .  :,  .1             in. 

M 

■  I  ■■!   .  Ill-  il-l>  . 

in.,  ii    ir 
in  ..ii     ir.li-i  . 

in.. 11    i--t  i  r- »  . 

■  i t ■  •—  ii  i-    II.  .           1 

I 

V 

i  .r    ,  hi-,   ,1. 

..-n  »r    .  hl-al  :  ;    mo-n.tr   <  lili 

in. .ii   -in  h-l-iii 
-l-l.  \  .    ,,f    iniin- 

I 

.!  or  i<r- 

■iii.  who 

■ 

I 

n >--i.    rl-.il  ".     inn- 
Hi-  i.-i  ii       in. -hi-  ii-.  ii-h.  mo-umi  ii-risin, 

M  ■  i  ir  .  v  town  In  south- 

i ;.  rniiiii-nui- 

garL. 

M..11   .1  i>  . 

Black 

Honda) .   .  variously  ex- 

■    I.,  mututus.  world  (ortg  clean    I 
in. .ii.i.  .  in  i  ri-m-ii  ptarasea 

mini  i-li/r.  1  nniu'i-tuii;  2  mon'e-tls,  r(.     [-Tin  i 

I ■  •  indard  value 

limn  V-li-i-    . 

III. .11     I-H-/.I  --  i       II. ,||.      . 

naon'ejr,  [-ktbs  or -m',  pf.1    1. 

iniiii  '  |    .  mon  medium 

•  iini    -     '!.  \\  i-nlth;  prop- 
i-  iptfl     4.  A 

•  i< ,  <  I-  morula,  mint] 
Syr.  ii.  currency,  hinds, 

author- 
gland  bank«no(ei  are  In  tlir 

lis.   a   live-dollar  bill. 

'■  rahle  In  com- 

tbe  stock  was 

•old   '   '   -  and   tin-  balance  In   merchantable 

pat*  •"  -  "i"i<|/  In  hand,  or  paid  In  hand; 

as.  the  coiA  account;  the  ea  h  price.     In  the  legal  sense, 

■    •  tor  prnp- 

iralue,  while  monry,  as  such, 

has  but  representative  value,  ari.i  may  or  may  not  have 

Intrinsic  value,     nullum 

the  coined  metal  considered  u 

andlee,  when  its  value  aa  bullion 

in  Its  value  as  mon,  v.     The  word 

capital  Is  used  chiefly  of  accumulated 

KB  or  available  for  such  in- 
ver'  II.UTV.  wi.u.iii. 

fin. ii  'e»(  .-'    .  ':..iney  or  Dnai 

[iccunlary.  Syru  see  ir.r.'UL      mon'- 

A    rich     man. — m.  .changer,    n. 

pi      rlbed    rate 

m.  .deal,  r  J;  in.  J.. 1,1, .  r    .      niun  'e>  ed,  0,     I. 

mon  led  . 

no hi   ■     -•  -.  mun'e>-h---.  a.     1m- 

m. .maker,  n       m. .making,  </      1. 

:.d  successful  In  accumulating  wealth.    Z.  likely 

in.  making,  n      m.  mar- 

DOUghl 

and  ,.,i  operations      m.  of  ac- 

'uiin'.  m  used  in  keeping  accounts, 

■  ■  mill  of  the 

m.  i.r.l.  r.    n.      An   'irder    f,,- 
spedfled  sum  of  n  BCh  an  order  drawn 

-,  In  a  form  prescribed  by 

■er  or  trader:  chiefly 

-    •  -   - 
montrr .  »r~.i-  inngian,  trade.  1 

Mon-gu'll-a.   |  mei  "  a.  n      a   principal 

M'.ii'- 

f'd.     I  I  la  or  the  Mi 

I  .....  pijjg  r;ir.(.  inimtiinnt; 

■  lla.  now  tributary  '  Mmi-go'll-an.     I.  a. 

I  ;..    1.  In  aw  Ding  to 

the  ;.  i.i      II.  n      1.  A   Mongol.     2.  A 

Mon- 
gol'lc.   i.     Mon'go-lold.      I.   <i.      Like   the   Mongols   In 


II  i.f  man 

kind.  Including  i'  h<. I  ii."  Mon 

Mon -k ••  ii-. .i.i        M,,ii-iM  in  T.ri:ii.   n      \m 

I  II     bl I    and 

M..iil;..I    I    il  I   ir 

ii -•■  ■  I.  [M(1S'.  JlJ.)      1. 

'    lll- 

,  >le    to    kill 


Indian 


■.  nil    V£ 

2n 
w  liile       lemur.         I  < 
Maral  I 

III. .11    <iinve,       -no,!/, 
-kC>'H  -     . 

iiiini  cri  I.  i  ;         ,i.  i.  l'  >  i  p. 1 1 'i' i  ■■■!     I.  a,    Of  mixed  breed 
il.         i.i 
'.'.  \n\  Incongruous  mixture     I-    as  menf/an,  mix.] 
mon  Mint,  ■  •     To  warn:  admonish      mon 'lab-men  tt,  n 
in. hi  'Km.  i  men'l  B  mon' lam 

i  i  he  doctrine  ,.f  eo 

explain  the  phenomena  of  tho  cosmos  bj  one  principle  •.' 
being  or  ultimate  substance.  '!.  \n\  thoon  that  refers  many 
different    facta  to  a  single  principle      8,    ///"/.    same  m 

HONOOKNESIS,     1        |         <;r     m  lilt,    n, 

Uevor  in   in.'  moii-is'iic,  a 

iim-iii  'Clou,  1  mo-nisVen;  L'  mo-nfah'on,  r»,    I.  Friendly 

I-, .nil-.  I  given  by  way  of  warning  and  implying  caution 

or  reproof ;  admonition,    'i.  Indication;  notice,    i»Law. 

in  ej\  il  law-  and  admiralty  prao- 

onitio,  <  monitiu,  pp  of  moneo,  warn  | 

mon  1-th  •■  .    a,      Conveying    monition;    admonitory, 

nmu'l-to-r)  ;. 

ii i-iiir,  l  men'i-ter;  2  mon'i-tor,  n,    1.  One  who  ad- 

or  .'an 1 1.. ns.    'i.  A  senior  pupil  placed  in  oh  • 
of  a  claaa.    .'1.  An  ironolad  having  a  low,  tl.it  deck,  sharp 
stern,  and  one  or  mure  turrets  carrying  heavy  guns; 
.  the  first  vessel  of  the  type,  "  rhe  Monitor.     Sen 
.Mi  iiuiM  v.    4.  A  Large  heard  ol  tropical  n  gions,  reach- 
ing? feel  in  length.    |I.  ,  <  monitut,  pp,  of  tnoneo,  warn.] 
iiiiin'i-tu'ri-ai.  a     l.  Pertaining  to  a  monitor  .>r  to  In- 
Btrnotlon   by   monitors.     '£■   Monitory,     mon 'I- tress,   u. 
fim.     niou'l-trlxt. 
monk,    I  1  murjk;2  monk,  ».  1.  Formerly,  a  religious  her- 
iiitink', )  mit.    'i.  A  member  of  a  monastic  order.  [  <  A.S. 
murine,  <  (Jr.11-  n  Ing  alone.]     monk'er-y,  n. 

[iiONK'EB-ms,  pi.]  {.Monastic  life,  ways,  or  beliefs,  gen- 
erally by  way  of  opprobrium,  'i.  A  monastery  or  Its  in- 
mates,       inonk'lsli.  a.        monk's'  hood",   it.       A    plant 

of  the  genus  Aeonitwm,  having  the  upper  sepal  arched  at  the 

back  like  a  hood. 
Monk.   George   (1608    1670).      Duke  of  Albemarle;   English 
soldier;  Cromwelllan  general;  helped  to  restore  Charles  n. 

to    I  QgUsh   tlir.me. 
mon 'key,    1  1   muij'ki;  2  mon'ky.     I.  [Colloq.]  vi.     To 
m  tin 'key'',  J  ape;  play  pra  :  usually  with  with. 

II.  -.     1.  A  1 1 1 .- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 : 1. 1  using  the  feel  as  hands;  an  ape, 

marmoset,   bal u,   or   lemur,   especially   one   of   the 

smaller  aboreal  forms,    3.  An  epithet,  applied  usually  in 

slight  ridicule  or  banter.     3.  One  of  varum-  small  arti- 
cles oi  contrivances, as  a  small  glass* 
melting  crucible.  —  mon 'key 

bread",    n.       See    BAOBAB.  inon'- 

keyagaif*,    n.      A  gafl   attached  to  the 

mussentopmasl  of  s  vessel  for  the  din-    Monkey-wrench 
piay  of  signals.— mon 'key-lsh,  a. — 
in. jacket,    n.       A    short     pea-Jacket   worn   by  sailors 
in. .wrench,   n.       A   wrench    having   a   movable    Jaw    for 
grasping  a  nut.  bolt,  or  the  like. 
iiiiiu'ii-,  1  limn'.,-;  L'  mon'o-.    From  Greek  mono.?,  single, 
one;  a  combining  form.  —  nion'o-chord,  n,    An 
tlcal  Instrument  w  Ith  one  string  and  a  movable  bridge,  used 
fur  thi  !  ring.] 

iiion"o-<iiro-mal  'le.  a      I  'f  one  color       mon 'o-chrome, 

ri     Painting  i  olor,  or  different  shades  of  a  single 

color.      llion'o-iie,  n.     An  eyeglass  for  one  eye.  -   mon"o- 

cU'nal,  /    Oeol.  Dipping  only  In  one  direction,  or  coi 

.ta    so    dipping.-    moii"o-fot"y-le'doii,    n.    Bot.   A 

plant  having  a  Single  cotyledon  or  seed-leaf  in  tl inbryo; 

an  endogen.    mon"o-eof  y-led'o-nous,  o.-   mo-noc'u- 
lar,  ■       i.  ...  eyed,     '£•  Ol  or  pertaining  to  oni 
iiiu-niK 'ii-iou-  .     mon"o-dai'i>-biii-,  a    Zool.  Saving 

rie    toe    or    lilll/IT.       |    i       Gl  'er.|       I110ll"0- 

ilae'tj  I:.  -  Ilion'o-d}  ,  ?i.  A  com  posit  ion  with  a  Single  mo- 
tive; also,  a  solo  of  a  :ombi  r  character.  Illo-liod'lc,  a. — 
ii'imII-i,  «      mo-me'iioiis,  a    Hut.  Having  male  and 

female  organs  on  the  same  Individual,  as  stamens  and  pistils 

in  separate  blossoms  on  the  same  plant,    mo-ne'cloust. — 

mo-nog 'a-my,  n.     I.  The   principle  or  practise  of  single 

marriage.    '£•  Zool.  The  habit  of  having  but  one  mate.    [  + 

<;r.  'jamos,  marriage. )  —  mo-non'a-mlst,  n.  mo-nog 'a- 
in. hi-,  a.  mon"o-gam'let.-  mon"o-gen'e-sls,  n  I. 
Oneness  of  origin;  the  doctrine  of  the  descent  of  all  living 


-t,  1:»=  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    eil;    lu  =  feud;    rtiin;    go;    ij  =  sing;    fhin    this.monandrous 
01*  2:  wolf,  dff;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   6il,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,    monument 


organisms  from  a  single  cell.  2.  Biol.  (1)  Asexual  reproduc- 
tion. (2)  Direct  development  of  an  ovum  into  an  organism 
resembling  the  parent. — mon"o-ge-net'lc,  mon"o-gen'- 
1c,  a.— mo-nog'e-nism,  re.  The  doctrine  that  the  whole 
human  race  is  of  one  blood  or  species,  mo-nog'e-nyt.— 
mo-nog'e-nist.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  monogencsis  or  monog- 
enism.  II.  n.  One  who  holds  the  doctrine  of  monogenesis 
or  of  monogenism.  mon"o-ge-nls'ticJ:.— mo-nog'e-ny, 
n.  The  practise  of  mating  with  only  one  female  or  with  only 
one  wife.  [+  Gr.  gyne,  woman.]  —  mon  'o-gram,  n.  1.  A 
character  consisting  of  two  or  more  letters  interwoven  into 
one.  2.  A  single  character  in  writing,  or  a  mark  represent- 
ing a  word.  [+  Gr.  gramma,  letter.]  —  mon'o-graph, 
mon'o-grafp,  re.  A  description  or  systematic  exposition  of 
one  thing.  [+  Gr.  graphe,  writing.] — niou"o-graph'lc,  a. 
— mo-nog 'ra-phy,  re.— mon'o-lith,  re.  A  single  block  of 
stone,  especially  when  large  or  standing  alone.  [+  Gr.  lith- 
os,  stone.]— mon"o-lith'ic,  a. — mon'o-Iog,  mon'o- 
logue,  re.  That  which  is  spoken  by  one  person  alone;  espe- 
cially, a  dramatic  soliloquy.  [  +  Gr.  lego,  speak.]— mon"o- 
ma'ni-a,  re.  1.  Mental  derangement  confined  to  one  idea. 
2.  The  unreasonable  pursuit  of  one  idea.  Syn.:  see  insan- 
ity.— mon"o-ma'ni-ac,  re.— mon"o-ma-ni'a-cal,  a. — 
mon"o-met'al-ism,  re.  The  theory  or  system  of  a  single 
metallic  standard  (usually  gold)  in  coinage.  mon"o-met'- 
al-llsmj.— mon"o-met'al-ist  or  -niet'al-list,  n.— mo- 
no 'nii-al,  n.  Alg.  An  expression  consisting  of  a  single 
term.— mo-no'ml-al,  a. 

Mo-non"ga-he'Ia,  1  mo-nen'ga-hl'la;  2  mo-n6n"ga-he'la,  n. 
A  river  in  West  Virginia  and  W.  Pennsylvania;  150  m.  to  the 
Allegheny  river  at  Pittsburg. 

mon"o-pet'a-lous,  a.  Bot.  Having  corollas  of  a  single  petal. 
— Mo-noph'y-site,  re.  Ch.  Hist.  One  of  a  sect  originating  in 
the  Sth  century  who  affirmed  that  Christ  had  but  one  na- 
ture. [<  mono-  +  Gr.  physis,  nature.]— Mo-noph'y-slt- 
Ism,  re. — mon'o-plane,  n.  An  aeroplane  with  one  pair  of 
wings. — mon'oph-thong,  n.  1.  A  pure  vowel,  or  single 
simple  sound.  2.  A  vowel  digraph,  or  two  written  vowels 
with  a  simple  sound.  [+  Gr.  phthongos,  sound.] — mon'- 
oph-thon"gal,  a. 

mo-nop'o-ly,  1  mo-nep'o-li;  2  mo-nop'o-ly,  n.  [-lies2, 
■pi-]  1«  The  exclusive  right  or  privilege  of  engaging  in  a 
particular  traffic;  especially,  such  control,  as  of  a  com- 
modity, as  allows  prices  to  be  raised.  2.  A  combination 
controlling  a  monopoly.  3.  Exclusive  possession  of  any- 
thing. [  <  Gr.  monopolion,  <  monos,  alone,  -f-  poleo, 
sell.]  — mo-nop'o-IIsm,  re. — mo-nop'o-list,  re.  One  who 
possesses  a  monopoly. — mo-nop"o-lis'tlc,  a. — mo-nop'o- 
lize  or  -Use,  it.  1.  To  secure  a  monopoly  of.  2.  To  assume 
exclusive  control  of;  engross. — mo-nop"o-II-za '[or  -sa'J- 
tion,  n. — mo-nop  'o-llz"er  or  -Hs"er,  re. 

mon'o-rail,  re.  Railroad.  A  single  rail  for  cars  which  travel 
along  it  suspended  or  over  it  balanced  by  means  of  gyro- 
scopes or  by  straddling. — mon"o-sep'a-lous,  a.  Bot. 
Gamosepalous. — mon"o-sper'mous,  a.  Bot.  One-seeded. 
[+  Gr.  sperma,  seed.]  —  mon'o-stlch,  re.  A  composition 
of  one  verse,  especially  an  epigram.  [+  Gr.  sticlws,  line]  — 
mo-nos'tro-phe,  re.  Pros.  A  metrical  composition  con- 
taining only  one  kind  of  strophe. — mon"os-troph'lc,  a. — 
mon'o-syl"la-bl(eP,  re.  A  word  of  one  syllable— mon"o- 
syl-lab'lc,  a. — mon'o-the"ism,  re.  The  doctrine  that 
there  is  but  one  God.  [+  Gr.  theos,  god.] — mon"o-thc'lst, 
n. — mnn"o-the-is'tlc,  a. — mon 'o-tone,  re.  1.  Bamene 
of  utterance  or  tone.  2.  Monotony  of  style.  3.  Mus.  A 
single  tone  unvaried  in  pitch.  [  +  Gr.  tonos,  tone.]  — mo- 
not'o-nous,  a.  1.  Not  varied  in  Inflection,  cadence,  or 
pitch.  2.  Tlresomely  uniform.  Syn.:  see  tedious. — mo- 
not'o-nous-ly,  adv. — mo-not'o-uous-ncss,  re.  —  nio- 
not'o-ny,  re.  Tiresome  uniformity.— Mon"o-trcm'a-ta, 
n.  pi.  An  order  of  mammals  without  true  teeth  In  adults 
and  having  a  bill  with  long  jaws,  as  In  duckbills.  (  +  Cr. 
Irema,  hole.]— mon"o-trem'a-tou.x,  a.  mon'o-tre- 
moust.  mon'o-treme,  a.  &  re.  —  mon'o-type,  re.  1.  Tin- 
only  representative  of  Its  kind,  as  a  spi'drs  of  a  gi  rm  oi  i  lie 
like.  2.  A  machine  which  automatically  castfi  and  seta  Single 
types.  Compare  linotype.  mon"o-typ'lc,  a.  mon- 
ox'ld,  mon-ox'lde,  re.  Chem.  A  compound  containing  a 
single  atom  of  oxygen  In  combination  with  a  basic  radical. 

Alon-roc',  1  men-r0';2  mon-rS',  James  (1768  1831)     Fifth 

President    of    I  lie    United    Stales;    enunciated    the    Monroe 

Doctrine  that  European  powers  shall  not  Intervene  In 
American  affairs  or  Increase  llicir  holdings  of  American  ter- 
ritory.    Sec  PRESIDENT. 

Mon-ro'vl-a,  1  mon-rC'vi-a;  2  nion-ro'vl-a.  re.  A  seaport  on 
the  Atlantic;  capital  of  Liberia;  pop,  B.OOO 

Mons,  1  mons;  •>  niohs.  n.  A  city  In  I.  Belgium;  pop.  27,- 
800;  scene  of  British  reverse,  Ant;.  23   24,  1914. 

Mons.,  nbbr.     Monsieur. 

liioii"sel"giieur',    1     inotr.se'nyiir'    Of    t /•;«!/  >    "ion  scn'yar; 

2  m6h"se"nvur'  or  [Mng.)  mdn  ■  t.  n  My  lord;  a  title 
given  In  France  to  princes  ol  the  Church  and  formerly 
to  the  higher  nobility.  [F.,  >  L.  meus,  my,  '  senior,  elder.] 
nion-sieur',  1  me-syd';  2  mo-syu',  n.  [iizs-sii  i  n&'.  pi  ] 
1.  A  French  title  of  respect,  equivalent  to  Mr.  and  sir. 


2.  [M-]  French  Hist.  A  title  of  a  French  king's  eldest 
brother.    3.  A  Frenchman. 

Monslg.,  ahbr.    Monslgnor. 

mon-si'gnor,  1  men-si'nyor:  2  mon-si'nvor.  re.  R.  C.  Ch.  A 
title  of  honor  of  certain  prelates  and  other  Officials,  as  of  the 
Papal  court,    [ft.  my  lord.]    mon'M-gnu'rc;. 

mon-soon',  1  men-sun';  2  mfin-sdon',  n.  1.  A  wind  that 
blows  steadily  along  tie     \  31  ol  the  Pacific,  in 

winter  from  the  northeast  idry  monsoon  |,  in  summer 
from  the  southwest  (wet  monsoon,  or  popularly,  the 
monsoon).     2.  A  trade«wind.     [<  It  i!t.    < 

Ar.  mawsim,  season  | 

mon'ster,  1  men'star;  2  mon'ster.  I.  a.  Extraordinary 
or  enormous  in  size  or  numbers;  huge.  II.  »..  1.  \ 
fabulous  animal,  compounded  of  various  brutcforms. 
2.  A  being  that  is  greatly  malformed;  anything  I. 
or  abnormal.  3.  ( Ine  abliorred  lieeause  oi  his  unnatural 
or  inhuman  character.    4.  A  very  la  1  thing. 

[<  L.F  monstnim,  <  moneo,  warn.]     Syn.:  see  1  ; 

— mon-stros'1-ty,  re.  [-tirsz.  pi)  1.  Anything  unnatu- 
rally huge  or  distorted.  2.  The  character  Ol  being  monstrous. 
Syn.:  see  prodigy.  —  mon'strous,  «7.  Deviating  greatly 
from  the  natural:  huge;  hideous;  abhorrent.  ' 
surd;  extraordinary;  flagrant.  —  mou'strous-ly,  adv. 
— nion'strous-ness.  n. 

mon'strance,  1  mon'strans;  2  mon'stranc.  re.  B.  C 

transparent  receptacle  in  which  the  consecrated  host  is 
shown  to  the  multitude.  [OF.,  <  L.  monstranit-)s,  ppr.  of 
monstro,  show.] 

Mont.,  abbr.    Montana  (official). 

Mon'ta-gue,  1  men'ta-glu;2  mon'ta-gil.  n.    In  shakes 

Romeo  and  Juliet,  the  father  of  Romeo,  at  variance  \\  it li  the 
Capulets. 

Mon-taigne',  1  men-ten';  2  m6n-tan',  Michel  K>qiicm  de 
(1533-1592).    A  French  philosopher  and  esaa]  1st. 

Mon-ta'na,  1  men-ta'no;  2  mon-ta'na.  n.    A  state  In  ■ 

United  States;  140,997  so.,  m.;  pop.  466,214;  capital  Helena. 

mon-tan'lr,  1  mon-tan'ik;  2  mon-tan'ic.  a.  of  or  pertaining 
to  mountains;  mountainous.     11100 'lane;. 

mon'tantt,  ?J.     In  fencing,  an  upward  thrust. 

Mont-calm',  1  ment-kfim';  2  mont-cam',  Joseph  Louts, 

Marquis  (le  (1712-17.r)!l).     A  French  general,  fell  In  I 
of  Quebec  against  Wolfe. 

mon'te,  l  men'ti;  2  mfin'te,  re.    A  Spanish  gambllng«game  of 
Mon'tc  Carlo,  1  men'ti  kfir'lo;  2  mOn'te  carlo.     \  town  In 
Monaco, on theMedlterranean;  a  gambllng«resorl ;  pop 

Mon"te-ne'gro,  1  mon"ti-nI'gro;  2  mon "o  \  King- 

dom In  the  N.  W.  Balkan  peninsula.  Europe;  5,603  si j.  in  ; 

pop.  516,000;  capital,  Cettinje     Mon"te-ne'gTUil 
Mon"te-rey',  1  men'ti-rS';  2  m6n*te-re/.  n.    A  city  In  N    w  . 

Mexico;  captured  by  United  States  troops,  sept.  24,  1846 
Mon'te Ro'sa  l  men'ti  rO'ss;  2  < i  mountain  In 

the  Pennine  Alps,  Switzerland;  16,217  ft    lituli . 

Mon"tes-quleu\  1  men'tes-klO'  or  (/•'  1  mSfi'tes'krO';   2 
m6n"tes-ku'   or    (F.)    •n6h"te.s"ki'ii'.    Baron 
Charles deSecondat.  A  French  jurist  and  w  1  iter.  /  ; 
des  Lois.  [under  m  raoD 

Mon"tes-so'rl,  Maria  (1S70  -     ).    An  Italian  educator.    Bee 

Mon"te-vld'i'-o,  1  men'ti-vld'i-o;  2  mon  1.  \ 

department  of  Uruguay.  256      1  18,709      '-'■    \ 

seaport  city,  capital  ol  CTru 

Mon"te-zu'ma,  1  men'ti-zQ'me 

1520).    Aztec  emperor  of  Men ;  dethroned  I 

Mont'fort,  1  ment'fert  01  [F  1  mSi 
mini'  for',  n.     1.  Simon  de  (1160?  1218),  a  French  cru- 
sader.    2.  Simon  <le  (12087    1266),  earl  of  lee.  iter;  an 
English  baronial  leader. 

Moiit-gom'cr-j ,    1    meat  [or    mei 

inont-]goin'er-\ ,  n,      I.  Klch.ird      I 

the  1  mi! inental  inny;  1  Hied  al  ijuci.ee.    ■,'.  \  oil  1 .  1 

of  Alabama,  pop    38,000 

month,  1  iniintli;  L' ni'Miih,  n.    1. Oneofth   12] 
which  the  oalend 

time  of  the  re\  olution  ol  the  moon     I  -     * 
month  11      monthly.    I."     I.  continuing 

a  month,  or  done  In  a  month      '.'.  Il.ipi  ■ 

II.  n.     [MON  1  H'l  11     ■'.  I'l  \     I.  A  1"  1 1". II.  al   p  .' 

month     '.'.  pi    1  hi  mi  <•         III.  ;  lonth, 

Mont-pe'll-er,  ]   men)  pl'li  er;    '  mOnl  1 

Monl"pel"ller'.   1    1 A  City  In 

1  1 tu 

Mon"tre-al',l  men*tn-ol  randrlver* 

port  In  Quebec  pto'.    ■ 
Mon-lrose',   1    11 :  Marquli  ol 

1661 II      '  ■     'lion.  s.  ..It  1    h  H«l 

moii'ii-iiienl,  1  mon'j  u  mi  a\ 

1,     I.  Somethini tod  to  i»  rp<  lu  • 

1..  1  on  1  an  evenl      '.'.    \  nol  ib  ■'■  ■  il. 

etc  ,  worth}   to  I"    1  on  iden  1  m<  mori  il  ol 

evenl  01  pel  on     :t.  Low  or  oil,.  1  pi  rmam  m 

mark  sei  \  ing  to  indii  ate  an 
1..  monurm  ru  ■  in..n "u-in>  ■■  Inl, 


I         ••  I        ii        ii  it-    I.Orn; 

»     '         i  i  


.11 


I 

in i  km  --. 

Dwlghl    I 


.'• 


Phase*  of  the  Moon. 


'  .  > — '  _T  \»^»      •  "   lW.US.ma 

fmoonllcht       union  calf,  «       l 

llltMlllVl.lll.    '  '. 

in.,     i  i-h. 

I HI 'less,     ,,        i 

jnlwht.-  in 'light  ".     I. 

II. 
moon  III", 

in.  on 'seed", 

•  ::--...--!  -•  •.       iiiooiiMiIik",   •.      i.     :   onligbt. 

■ 

■■    "  "  *hln"rr.  n      .:   .   .-         \u   ;ii:r |,   distiller: 

amiseW-r  -   n i  - 1 j  I  ii   >. 

■   ■ '    ■''•  tul  lus- 

ni. ...ii  Mrui  '    . 

moon  '^irick  i  n : .     moon'y, 

1       :  'jotislruck.     i.  .lit. 

I.  t.     i.   J 

II. 
rhor.    [<  moor 'age   .         A  moor- 

ni....r  \un.  I 

pUnwherckvoi-.  thing  by  whlcl 

J*ct  Is  fastened:  n.  :  jral. 

• 

iniMir'IiiH  I". 

in     K  nil.  in      .  r  i- 1 . 

moor  I  iinl. 
moor'),  ..    of  the  natun 
marshy. 
Moat  1  ■..  Aral. 

rac»-  thern  Mcditcrra- 

.'. 
[  <  I..  41 

irk  ] 
-.1.  *lr  John 
.      '.'.  Tliom  i- 

moor'ih  .  1.  resembling  a 

r    •  '   ore. 

■    ■ 
[<   Aliconkian  rut 
"wood*eater.,  —  bull  moo>e.      1.  The  male  moose.     2.  [b- 


'ii.     int.  nil.. I 


'      1.0 


I 
II. 

III. 

I 

■-'.  1 1  ■ 
I  •  \ 
iii. ...i    rout 

■  (    irnlu- 

lllo|l  .       |  |. 

M'.r'ns..  ] 

II.         I.  \  piece ol  cloth, 
or  ib<  icdtoa  handle: 

:. 

Any    I  I     bum  h    ..r 

t 
M  LP,   ri  ]     S  i nop  '- 

board  .  •  ol  the  wall 

of  ■  r.  •         base'  board*},     mop'stlek",  .      i  ■..  handle 

mop  .  a     i.  \  wry  mouth;  grimace    -4.  \  pouting  or  petted 

ling  girl.     |  Akin  to  Moi-i    1 

mope,  l  mop;  2  m.  ■  i ..  i      [moped,  mop'ino.]    I.  I      i  . 
make  ilull  II.         ro  conduct  i  mi  ■•  li  in  a 

listleas,  melancholy  manner.    I       I»    moppen,  poul  ] 
mope,  ■.  mop 'lab,  a.    Like  a  mopo; 

-i\.  -net 

mop'pet,  l  mep'et;  2  mOp'et,  a.    I.  \  rag  baby  or  doll  made 
■h.    •;.  Qenoe,  a  pel  name  for  ;i  baby,  a  little  Kin,  etc. 
[Dun.  of  hop*,  n. 1 
mo-quette',  i  iim-ki't ';  2  mo-kef,  n.    a  carpel  bavins  ■  long, 
■ml  a  back  ol  coarse  stun.   [FJ 

Mnr., 

mo-nine',  i  iiio-rrii ';  °  mo-ran',  n.    a  ridge  or  heap  ol  earth 
ami  stones  collected  by  a  glacier  on  Ita  surface  or  deposited 

.1        1  ino-raln'al.  mo-rain 'lr,  a. 

moral,  l  mer'al;  2  moVal.  It.  ri.   To  moralise,    II.  a. 

1.   Pertaining  to  action  with  reference  t..  right   and 

wrong,  and  obligation  of  duty,  ethical.    ''.  Conform*  .1 

;ht  conduct,  especially  in  sexual  relations;  virtuous; 

:!.  Acting  through  n   .  ol  ri^ht.    4.  In 

logic,  probable,  as  opj I  to  demonstrative;  as  mural 

inty.     III.  n.     1.  :  aughl  by  a  I 

tin-  like.     "i.  pi.    Conduct  or behavi  (!•'.,  < 

nor-),  manner,  pi.  mora,  morals  I 
Syn.:  (adjective)  dutiful,  ethical,  excellent,  faithful,  good, 
•.  honorable, Incorruptible, Just,  pious, religious,  right, 
righteous,  true,  upright,  virtuous,  worthy.  — Ant.:  sei 
nyms  for  ontORAL.     mor'aMsm,  n.  The  belief  In  a  morality 
divested  ol  ail  reJ  mor'al-lst,  n     I.  A 

:.  ■  ...   who  practises  morality  without 

mor".il-|s'ilc,  o,      mo-ral'l-t), «,     [in 
L  Thi  '  man's    moral    duties;    ethics.     'I.   Moral 

conduct;  virtue.  .'I.  The  quality  of  being  morally  rlt'ht.  4. 
A  lesson  Inferred;  a  moral.  5.  An  allegorical  play  (14th 
century).     Syn.:  see  religion;   vihtub.     mor'aMse, 

[-IZED;  -IZ'INd]  I.  1.  To  apply  to  a  moral  purpose;  render 
moral.     II.  oral  reflections.     mor'al-lse}. — 

mor".il-l-za'!or  -sa',tloii,  n. — inor'al-U"[or  -ls")er,  n.— 
iiior'al-l),  adv. 

inn-rale',  l  mo-ral';  2  mo-ral',  n.    state  of  mind 
soldiers,  with  reference  to  confidence,  courage,  etc.  [F.] 

nm-rass',  l  mo-roa ';  2  ino-ra-',  n,     A  tract  ol  LowWying, 
.  ■  .'ind;  marsh.    [<  D 

mo 'rat,  1  mo'rat.  2  mo'rat,  n.    A  drink   made  ol   hoi 

v. .r.d  with  mull.err.v -juice    [<    It.  mOTdtO,  mullierry-colorid. 

<  morn,  mulberry,  <  I.,  morum,  <  Or.  mt>r<m.  mulberry.] 

mnr".i-to'rl-um.     1    mor".<-to'ri-iirii ;    2   mor"a-to'rl-um.   n. 

[i.-l    Law.     In  emergency  act  ol  legislation  authorising  a 

r  or  hank  to  suspend  payme&tS  for  a  given  period. 
M«-ra'»l-a,    1    mo-r.'vi-..;   2    mo-ra'vl-a.    n       A    province   of 
N     W     Austrla-llu  q     m  .   pop.   2,652,000 

Mo-ra'vt-an.    I.  a     Pertaining  to  Moravia  or  the  Mora- 

II.  ■       1.  A  native  of  Moravia       '..  '   '     lit   '    One  of 

eel  founded  by  dlsi  Iple  ■  ol  John  Buss  In  Mora- 

:  >tb  centuryj,  and  now  estahlL-licd  In  Gorman y,  Brit- 
ain, and  America, 
llior'liid,  1  n.or'liid;  2  mor'liid,  o.     1.  H.-itiK  in  a  di 

'..  I  di  noting  a  diseased 

condition.    •!.  01  or  pertaining  to  di  ease;  pathological. 

[ -'     L.    rrmrbUltu,     <    morbu  .    dll     '   '    ,      liinr-lild 'l-tj ,  n. 
— mor'hld-l> ,  adv.     mor'bld-noss,  rt 
mor-liif 'lc,  l  mer-bif'ik;  2  mfir-Mf'ie,  ".    Producii 


Jacio,  make]     Illor- 
blf'l-cal:.— mor-blf'l-cal-ly,  adv. 


515 


1:  a  =  final;    l  =  hab!t^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    <fhin;    go;    rj  =  sing;    fhin,   this. 
2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


mor-bose't,  a.     Proceeding  from  disease;  diseased.     [<  L. 

morbus,  disease.] 
mor"ceau',  1  mer"s5';  2  mor'co',  re.    [-ceatxx',  1  -so';  2  -co', 

pi.]    A  smair  bit  or  fragment ;  also,  a  short  composition,  as  of 

music  or  poetry.    [F.,  =  morsel.] 
mor-da 'clous ||,  1  mer-de'STius;  2  mor-da'shus.  a.    Biting,  or 

given  to  biting;  hence,  sarcastic.     [<  L.  mordax  (mordac-), 

<  mordeo,  bite.] — mor-da'eious-ly,  adv. — mor-dac'l-ty.rc. 
mor'dant,  1  mor'dant;  2  mor'dant.     I.  a.     1.  Biting; 

pungent;  fixing.  2.  Dyeing.  Acting  as  a  mordant.  II. 
n.  1.  A  substance  for  fixing  a  dye.  2.  Art.  The  corro- 
sive used  in  etching.  [F.,  <  L.  mordens,  ppr.  of  mordeo, 
bite.] 

more,  1  mor;  2  mor.  I.  a.  corn-par.  [Positive  wanting; 
most,  superl.]  1.  Greater  in  amount,  extent,  or  degree: 
as  comparative  of  much.  2.  Greater  in  number:  as  com- 
parative of  many.  3.  Greater  in  rank  or  dignity.  4. 
Added  to  some  former  number;  extra.  II.  n.  1.  A 
greater  quantity,  amount,  etc.  2.  .Something  that  ex- 
ceeds something  else.  III.  adv.  1.  To  a  greater  extent 
or  degree.  2.  In  addition.  [<  AS.  mare,  adv.,  <  mara, 
more.] 

More,  1  mor;  2  mor,  n.  1.  Hannah  (1745-1S33),  an  English 
author.  2.  Sir  Thomas  (1478-1535),  a  lord  chancellor  of 
England;  author;  beheaded  by  Henry  VIII.;  Utopia. 

Mo-re'a,  1  mo-ri'a;  2  mo-re'a,  re.    A  peninsula  in  8.  Greece. 

Mo"reau',  1  mo"ro';  2  mo"ro',  Jean  Victor  (1761-1813).  A 
French  republican  general:  rival  of  Napoleon. 

mo-reen',  1  mo-rln';  2  mo-ren',  n.  A  heavy  watered 
woolen  fabric,  as  for  hangings.     [Prob.  <  F.  moire;  see 

MOHAIR.] 

mo-rel',  1  mo-rel';  2  mo-rel',  n.  An  edible  mushroom,  com- 
mon in  Europe  and  in  parts  of  the  United  States,  used  for 
flavoring  gravies,  etc.    [F.] 

mo-relle',  1  mo-rel';  2  mo-rel',  n.   Bot.  The  nightshade.    [F., 

<  moreau,  black,  <  L.  Maurus;  see  Moor2,  re.] 
more-o'ver,    1    m6r-o'var;   2   mor-6'ver,    adv.      Beyond 

what  has  been  said;  further;  besides;  likewise. 
Syn.:  see  but. 

Mo-resque',  1  mo-resk';  2  mo-resk'.  I.  a.  Moorish;  decorated 
in  the  style  of  the  Moors.  II.  re.  Decorative  work,  by 
means  of  interlacings,  relief,  etc.,  highly  colored  and  gilded. 
[F.,  <  It.  moresco,  <  LL.  Moriscus,  <  L.  Maurus;  see 
Moor2,  n.] 

Mor'gan,  1  mor'gan;  2  mor'gan,  n.  1.  Daniel  (1736-1802), 
an  American  Revolutionary  general.  2.  Edward  Dennlson 
(1811-1883),  an  American  statesman.  3.  Sir  Henry  (1635? 
-1688),  a  Welsh  leader  of  American  buccaneers.  4.  John 
Hunt  (1826-1864),  a  Confederate  brigadler*general. 

nior"ga-nat'ic,  1  mer"ga-nat'ik;  2  nior"ga-nat'ic,  a. 
Noting  a  legitimate  marriage  between  a  male  member  of 
certain  royal  families  of  Europe  and  a  woman  of  inferior 
rank,  in  which  the  titles  and  estates  of  the  husband  are 
not  shared  by  the  wife  or  their  children.  [  <  LL.  mor- 
gantlcus,  <  OHG.  morgenguha,  morning  gift.]  mor"ga- 
nat'1-calt.— mor"ga-nat'i-cal-ly,  adv. 

morgue,  1  merg;  2  m6rg,  re.  A  place  where  corpses  of  the 
unknown  dead  are  exposed  for  identification.    [F] 

Mo-ri'ah,  1  mo-rai'a;  2  mo-ri'a,  re.  Bib.  A  bill;  site-  of  the 
temple  of  Jerusalem.    2  Citron,  iii,  1 . 

mor'i-bund,  1  mer'i-bund;  2  moVi-bfind,  a.  Dying;  at 
the  point  of  death.     [<  L.  moribundus,  <  morii/r,  die.] 

mo'ri-on,  1  m5'n-an;  2  mo'rl-on,  re.  Armor.  A  kind  or  open 
helmet  without,  vizor  or  beaver,  worn  by  men«at«arm      [  I    . 

<  Sp.  morrion,  prob.  <  morro,  anything  round,  perhaps  < 
Basque  murua,  hill.] 

Mo-rls'co,  1  mo-ris'ko;  2  mo-rls'co.  I.  a.  In  the  style  of  archi- 
tecture and  decoration  practised  in  Spain  by  Moorish  de- 
signers and  workmen  after  the  Spanish  conque  I  II.  n.  1. 
One  of  the  Moors  «  bo  remained  In  Spain  .-  ■  r  t  ■  ■  r  i  be  a 
•f  Granada  In  1492;  a  Moor.  2.  The  language  Of  the  Moors 
8.  A  morrlS"dance  or  »dancer.  A.  The  Mori  eo  tyle  of  archi- 
tecture or  decoration.  [Sp..  •  I.I.  ee  MO- 
RESQUE.]   Mo'rlskt;  Mo-ris'kot. 

Mor'ley,  1  mSrOi;  2  morty,  John  (1838  I      I  >  '■ 

Morley  of  Blackburn;  an  English  statesman,  biographer, 
critic,  and  historian 

Mor'mon,  1  mer'men;  2  i a  sect 

organized  in  1830.  accepting  the  Book  ol  Morn 
gather  with  the  Bible;  polygamy,  original] 
practised,   was  formally   abandoned    by    rote   "i    the 
people  in  1890,     [<    Hormm    a  chai    cter  in  the  Book 
of    Mormon]      Mor'mon-lsl  1;     Mor'nion-ld: .     Mor'- 
mon-ism,  n.    The  system  of  Mormon  doctrine  and  pi 

morn,  1  morn;  2  morn,  n.  1.  The  morning,  2.  [Scol  ] 
Themorrow.     [<  AS.  morgen .]     monie  l . 

mom., abhr.    Morning. 

morn'lng,  1  morn'n.i;  2  nioni'iru'     I."     Pertainii 
occurring  in  the  early  pari  "i  the  day     II.  "     Theearly 
part  of  the  day,  as  between  dawn  and  noon:  heni 
early  stage.     [<    mohn.]- morn  'lug «glo"r>,   n.      A 


monj- 
mortal 

twining  plant  with  funnel. shaped  flowers  of  various  colors 
—morning  star,  Jupiter,  Mars.  Saturn,  or  Venus 
rising  shortly  before  the  sun.— m.--star,  n.    An  old  weapon 
consisting  of  a  metal  ball  set  with  spikes  and  attached  to  a 
handle,  as  by  a  chain. 

Mo'ro,  1  mo'ro;  2  mo'ro.  re.  [Mo'ros,  pi.]  A  member  of  one 
of  the  Mohammedan  tribes  of  the  S.  Phillppu 

Mo-roc'co,  1  mo-rok'o;2mo-roc'o.  re.    I.  A  sultanate  In  \   w 
Africa:  219,000  sq.  m.;  pop.  5.000,000:  under  French  and 
Spanish  control.    2.  A  city;  southern  capital  of  Morocco 
pop.  60,000.    3.  [m-1  Leather  made  from  goatskin,  Ol 
times  from  sheepskin,  and  tanned  with  sumac. 

mo'ron,  1  mO'ren;  2  mo'ron,  re.  a  type'ol  feeble-minded  per- 
son, of  higher  intelligence  than  ;><., 

mo-rose',  1  mo-ros';  2  mo-ros',  a.     Having  a  Burly  tem- 
per; sullen  and  austere.     [<    L,    morosus,  particular, 
fretful.]  Syn.:  acrimonious,  bitter,  churlish,  crabbed,  crusty, 
dogged,    gloomy,    gruff,    ill-humored,    ill-natured.    I 
severe,  sour,  splenetic,  sulky,  surly.    The  sul    i   and 
are  discontented   and   resentful    in   regard    to   thai    I 
which  they  are  too  proud  to  protest,  or  consider  all 
vain;  sullin  denotes  more  of  pride,  SVlky  more  of  resentful 

obstinacy.     The  morose  are  bitterly  dissatisfied  with  the 
world  in  general,  and  disposed  to  vent  their  111  natun 
others.     The  sullen  and  sulky  are  for  tin-  most   part  silent. 

the  morose  growl  out  bitter  speeches,  a  surlt  person  is  iii  a 
state  of  latent  anger,  resenting  approach  as  Intrusion,  and 
ready  to  take  offense  at  anything;  thus  we  speak  ol 
dog.  Sullen  and  sulky  moods  may  be  transitory;  one 
morose  or  surly  Is  commonly  SO  by  di)  position  or  habit  Bee 
AUSTERE.  Compare  Ai'RiMow.-  Ant.:  amiable,  benignant, 
bland,  complaisant,  friendly,  genial,  gentle,  good-natured, 
indulgent,  kind.  mild,  pleasant,  Sympathetic,  under. 

— mo-rose 'ly,  adr. — mo-rose'ness,  n.— nio-ros'l-l) ,  re 

morph.,  morphol.,  aJbor.    Morphology. 

IHor'pheiis,  1  meVfius;  2  mdr'fus,  a,    Row 

son  of  sleep  (JSomnus)  and  god  of  dreams;  hence,  all  ep. 
[I...   <    Gr.  mor  phi.  form,  as  calling   up   forms   In  all 
Mor-phe'an,  a.    Of  or  pertaining  to  Morpheus. 

mor'phin,    1  lmor'fin,  -finer -fin;  2  :nor'fin,-fin  or -fin,  n. 

mor'phine, )  Chem.  A  bitter  narcotic  contained  in  opium 

and  used  for  the  purpose  of  alleviating  pain  ami  inducing 

sleep.  [  <  F.  morphun ,  <  L.  Murph.  im; see  MOBPBEU8J 

mor'phi-aj. 
mor-pbol'0-gy,  1  mor-fol'o-ji;  2  mor-fol'o-gy,  a,    That 

branch  of  biology  which  treats  ,,f  form  and  structure: 

thence  widely  extended   to  other  sciences.     [<   Gr. 

morphl.  form,  +  -logy.]— mor"pho-lo)t  'l-cal,         t"- 

pUo-loK'l-cal-ly,  adv. — mor-phol 'o-glst, 
mor-pho'sls,  1  mor-fo'sis;  2  tnor-fo'sls,  re.    Hint.   The  order  or 

mode  of  formation  of  an  organ  or  organ! 

sis,  shaping,  <  mar  phi.  form.] 

mor 'rice,  mor'rlce«dance",  etc.   See  •• 

mor'rl-on,  n.    Same  as  morion. 

mor'ris1,  1  mer'is:  2  moVis,  n.  An  old-fashioned  rustic 
dance  in  England,  in  which  the  performers  took  the  pan 
of  Robin  Bood  and  other  characters  in  English  folk- 
lore.   2.  A  dance  1  I  ■ 

Sp  '  MorUCO,  Moorish  |     mor'rlcet;  mor'ris  dance";. 

mor'rls=plkc"t,  n.    a  Moorish  pike 
Mor'ris-',   n.     I.   <;ouverneiir    (1762   1816),   an   American 

statesman,  diplomat,  and  financial     '.'.  Lewis 

signer  of  the   Declaration  of   Independence      S.   Roberi 

1 1 J ;  i   1806),  an    Imi  financier,  and  phi 

ol  i )..   i  ii  .i.ii  .ii  ion  ol  i  qi  i 

William   (1834    1896),  an  Engl 

in\  anted  the  Morris  en. lit .  chair 

n nil  adju  itahli  back, 
mor 'row.  1  mer'oj  8  d  Bi        I. 

day.     II.  "     I.  The  in  i  daj  after  i hi 

day  specified;  hence,  any  time  following  immodi 
nerly,  moi  oi 

morrow.    I  ■     \B  moroi  >■■.  i nine  | 

morse,  i  me       ■  moi  i,  n     I.  i  be  walru 

Hone,  Samuel   Flnle>    Itn  •  -e 

Inventor,  COI 
mor'sel,  I  mi  ' 

■;.   \    rnall  pii  i     of  anything     |<  >l' .  •    I  ' 
mordeo,  bite  1 
morl'.  i  mflrt,  n.    1.  Di 

hunting-horn,  announi  Ins  Uio  d  > 

,i.    o  .■        morti 

morl   ,  :        I  '" 

mart, 
mor'lal,  ]  mor'tal  I.  n     I.  Subji 

.   pertaining   to  '    ' 

death;dcadly;  fatal     S.  I 

t. 

i,.  |i  lolloq  |     i 
tj-eme.  as,  ••■  mortal  frlghl  "• 

\\  l,:i.  tbji  ■  i  todi  ith;  -i  human  ' 


iii.>r(.»r  |  ,  ,,     ..        a       ft  ■  .  but,  b©rnj 

IIH>l|N%rllt)r  .  i  i  l        >  ,lll  I  ......       m'ln,     >!('. 


1 

* ""  152!  '""" 

ni-.r   II. 

in    r"i  i 

m..r    1  i-l\  . 
1             1 

ni..r    I  >l    I    I  >  .      •■ 
■ 
III.T     t  -» I  -  I  >  .  I.I. 

I.      \ 


tii  ml",  i 

! 

I 

II.  I.    v      mditional  lien 

■  money 

moi     .  lo  w  iiom 

li,  Abo  gives 


'  innerly 

•  i  by  law  tui 

[-mo;  -i 

'■■ 

III.  living 

!  •     I.I.    n 
ni,,r' ii-ti-.-.i  iImm.  -.     I.  The  state 
;,:.n  ..f  an  ani- 
mal '.'.   I  tuit  which  m 
Sni-  - 

I.  m-pta  ] 

iimr  i\-',  \  I .  .'.  .     ;,,iu  by 

li.        I .  \  space  hollowed  out,  as 

:i  or  the  like     2.  l-'igura- 

<  F.  morlaise,  mor- 

1 1 1  •  •  r    • 

nod  main".  .       -•  ■   •••       morf  into*,  n.  Imv.  Thecon- 

■  nably,  as  by  an  eccle- 
•'.-•.•■•'i     [•     I   °r  moriua  manvs.  dead  hand.] 
Moi  Levi  Parsons 

Dean  bank.  -  .-sman. 

ui,.r  (ti-i-r>.  2  mOr/chu-[or  -tu-]- 

[  <  L.  rrwrtuarius, 
Del',: 

I.  a.    Pertaining  to 

ll. 

rn  .  ,r  picture.     I  < 

m  j. ,iin  Singleton 

r-lan. 

M         .v«.  i  moe'ki  i 

i.    In 
•  .1.   and   ancient   eai  - 17,100; 

!  I.  1812. 

M  i  i  ranee; 

'.*.  \  f,  "■■■  • 
irice,  now  partly  German,    3.  a  wine  from  this 

"'  !  mo'sfa.  n.    A  Hebrew  lawgiver  and  seer; 

Ho-t  ,    li    . 

•     '       '  '      --<,-•   .  ■    :•.  rlllligs. 

Mo*  I,  in.  .  Mohammedan: 

■ 
ibmlt.l 
ni<i»(|iii  .  •    mple  of 

Co,  pray.]     mosfa    . 

' ejul'te,    .  I. 

wins 

■  blood. 

illus.  in 
or   fly  inflicting  a 
tfbBSSJf  ;,.•'•  ;-<•        -  [,    ,:'•:.    of  motca.  fly.] 

' moss. 

in..-  -  . 

rtz  containing 

\    '    '  .•  -•  .-.-  -     .         :     .--..:  j.  >i  In  moss-like 

a  mousy  calyx  and  mo-  -     I  roop'Vr,  n      One  Of  the 

marauders  who  Infested  the  mossy  marches  between  En- 


mlon  of  Hi'-  two  kli  . 
.  ipiiii.il  mldla      nota' •troop"- 

log,  no-        | 

ktxiundlni  in.  or 
in..--  i  i, 

in..--  bunk   •  r. 

i. mi.   ■  i 

moat,   |  I. 

I .  , 
linn il ><  r       ■uperlal 

ig  of  tli" 

ip.  rlative  of 

II.   m       I.   The 

;  number;  the  largi  r 
imount ; 
utmost  111.  ad% 

1.  In  the  bigl 

081    | 

mos)  l>.    ■■■■<■        For 

pan  .  principally.  (.  i, 

- it,     .  tx       \.i-i.  i   to  ad-'      '    ■     ,.u"»',  ,,,i«»i  wN'ni, 

and    prepositions    ,,,;■  "I'l-*!  •"•*>»•«• 
form  thrir  superlatives,  as  outmost,  inmoif.    [<  as 
:i  superlative  form  | 
Mo--.ui',  i  mo-sQl';  Smo-sul',  n.    1.  A  town  on  the  Tigris  in 
BO.000     2.    A  t]  i"-  "f  bandVwoven 
•  his  region.    Mos-sul'l . 
inni1,  i  mo.  n      \  wlttj  or  pithy  saying; 

bon  mot.    |1  ■'.,  word,   <   LL.  mttftum,  wont 
moi  ,    Ft.      A    bugle-note,   or    Its   m:irk    In    music       I'll 
mote    .  1  mot;  2  mot.  r.     Ma}  ;  might.     [<  AS.  *mOtan 

be  obliged.] 
mote  .  n.    A  minute  particle;  speck.    [  <  AS.  mot,  atom  ) 

mot  'ed,  a.    i-uii  or  motes  or  Bpecks.    moteless,  a. 
inoii-.'i.  Old  Sng.  Hist.  An  assembly.   [<  AS.  mot,  meeting.] 
iiio-t.-t ',  l  ino-n-t';  2  mo-tet',  n.    I.  a  sacred  musical  compo- 
sition set  to  words.    2.  A  sacred  cantata  ol  disconnected 
movements.    [<  it.  mottetto,  dim.  of  motto,  word.  <  ll. 
mullum<  L.  muttto.  muttrr  I 
moth,  1  moth;  2  moth,  n.    A  nocturnal  lepidopterous  in- 
ibling  a  butterfly;  specifically,   one  whose 
larva:  destroy  woolen  fabrics  or  fur-,  as  the  clothes « 
moth.    [<  AS.  moththe,  moth]-   moth'«eat"en, 
,  or  worn  out     moth'] : . 
moth'er1,  1  mtjth'er;  2  moth'er,  zt.     1.  To  act  as  a 

mother  toward.    2.  To  bring  forth. 
motb'iT5,  ri.    To  become  mothery,  as  vinegar. 
moth'er,  a     1.  Native:  vernacular.    2.  Holding  a  ma- 
i   relation.-  mother  tongue,  one's   native  lan- 
guage.   Synj  see  lam.im.k. 
moth'er1.  i      1.  a  female  parent.    2.  That  which  has 
.  birth  to  anything:.    :i.  An  abbess  or  other  nun  of 
rank  and  dignity.    4.  An  elderly  woman  or  mati 
familiar   title.     [<    AS.  mddor,   mother.] — moth'er* 
cell",  n.  Hint.  A  <-<-!i  which  by  division  produces  other  cells, 
moili'er-liood,  n.    The  state  of  being  a  mother     m.< 

hlltiharil,  n.     A  woman's  loose  flowing  gown.  uiicontln.il  at 

the  waist,     m. dn daw,  n,    The  mother  ol  one's  spou  - 
moth'er-Iess,  a     Having  no  mother.-  iiintli'er-ly,  a.    Re- 
sembling or  pertaining  to  s  mother     m.«of<pearl,  n.   The 
iiani  i  ol  certain  shells,  a    the  pearU 

m.rwlt,  r».     Inherent,  natural,  or  native  wit. 

moth'er1,  n  1.  A  stringy  mucilaginous  substance  that 
forms  in  fermentine  vinegar.  2.  Dregs;  lees.  [<  MI). 
madder,  mud] — moth'er-y,  a. 

ino"tlf\  1  mo'tlf;  2  mo'tif',  n.  The  leading  feature  In  liter- 
ary or  ally  in  music,    [l'l 

mo 'tile,  1  md'tal;  2  md'til,  n.    1.  Having  the  power  of 

LtaneOUS  motion,  as  certain  molecules.     2.  Causing 
motion.     (<  L.  motut,  pp.  of  moteo,  move.] — mo-til'i- 
i>,  n.    ihe  power  of  motion, 
mo'tion,  1  mfi'snen;  2  mfl'shon.    I.  vt.  &  ri.    To  make  a 

ire;  guide  by  g>  tun  II. n.  L,  Change  of  position 
in  reference  to  an  ■'  or  center;  a  movement; 

ire.    2.  A  combination  of  part-  in  a  mechani 

.  ICC  a  particular  result.  8.  A  formal  proposition,  as 
in  a  deliberative  assembly.  4.  A  significant  movement 
of  the  limb  ••'  gesture.    S.  An  impulse  to 

.:  incentive.     0.  Mu      Melodic  progression.     7. 
/.  •■.     application  to  a  court  to  obtain  an  order  or 

rule  directing  some  act  to  be  done.     8f.  A  puppet  or 
puppet-show.     (F.,  <  L.  motio(n-),  motion  ) 

Synj  act,  action,  change,  move,  movement,  passage,  tran- 
sit, transition.  Motion  may  be  cither  abstract  or  concrete, 
more  frequently  tbe  former;  movement  la  always  concrete, 


MM  i:a=,rfin?I;  .,^,habJt-l  a!sle:   an  =  out-,   ell;    10  =  feud:   cliin;   go;   nosing;  fhin,  this.  mortar 

517   2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.  niOUSSeline 


that  Is,  considered  in  connection  with  the  thing  that  moves 
or  is  moved;  thus  we  speak  of  the  movements  of  the  planets, 
but  of  the  laws  of  planetary  motion;  of  military  movements, 
but  of  perpetual  motion.  Motion  is  change  of  place  or  posi- 
tion in  space;  transition  is  a  passing  from  one  point  or 
position  in  space  to  another.  More  is  used  chiefly  of  con- 
tests or  competition,  as  in  chess  or  politics;  as,  it  is  your 
more;  a  shrewd  more  of  the  opposition.  We  now  rarely  speak 
of  mental  or  spitirual  motions,  but  rather  of  mental  or  spiri- 
tual acts  or  processes,  or  of  the  laws  of  mental  action,  but  a 
formal  proposal  of  action  in  a  deliberative  assembly  is  termed 
amotion.  Action  is  a  more  comprehensive  word  than  motion. 
See  act;  topic. — Ant.:  quiescence,  quiet,  repose,  rest,  etc. 
— mo'tion-al,  a. — mo'tlon-less,  a. — mo'tion=pie"- 
f  lire,  n.  A  moving  picture.  See  move,  r. — perpetual 
motion,  a  mechanical  motion  that  once  started  will  con- 
tinue until  the  parts  are  worn  out;  impossible  because  of  the 
existence  of  friction. 

mo'tive, )  1  mo'tiv;  2  m5'tiv.    I.  vt.    [mo'tiv(e)db;  mo'- 

mo'tiv8,  J  tiv-ing.]  1.  To  act  as  a  motive  for.  2.  To 
base  upon  something  as  a  motive.  II.  a.  Having 
power  to  move;  causing  motion.  III.  n.  1.  That  which 
incites  to  motion  or  action.  2.  A  predominant  idea;  de- 
sign.   [  <  LL.  motivus,  causing  to  move.] 

Syn.:  consideration,  ground,  incentive,  incitement,  In- 
ducement, influence,  reason.  Motive  may  signify  either  a 
mental  impulse,  or  something  external  that  is  an  object  of 
desire,  and  so  an  inducement  or  incitement  to  action;  thus, 
we  can  say  "his  motire  was  hatred,"  or  "his  motive  was 
money."  Compare  cause;  impulse;  purpose;  reason. — 
Prep.:  the  motive  of  or  for  the  act. — motive  power.  1. 
The  power,  or  means  of  generating  power,  by  which  motion 
Is  imparted  to  an  object,  machine.'etc.  2.  Figuratively,  an 
Impelling  force. — mo'ti-vate,  rt.  [-vat"ed;  -vat*ing.]  To 
act  as  the  motive  for;  instigate;  induce. 

nio-tlv'1-ty,  1  mo-tiv'i-ti;  2  mo-tiv'i-ty,  n.  The  power  of 
producing  motion;  motive  energy. 

mot'ley,  1  met'h;  2  mot'ly.  I.  a.  1.  Variegated  in  color; 
party-colored.  2.  Composed  of  heterogeneous  ele- 
ments. II.  n.  1.  A  dress  of  various  colors,  such  as  was 
formerly  worn  by  court  jesters.  2.  A  jester  or  fool  in 
motley  garments.  3.  A  medley,  as  of  colors.  [  <  OF. 
mallele,  clotted.]    mot'lyf. 

Mot'ley,  1  mot'h;  2  mot'ly,  John  Lothrop  (1814-1877). 
An  American  historian;  Rise  of  the  Dutch  Republic. 

mo 'tor,  1  mo'tar;  2  mo'tor,  v.  I.  (.  To  convey  in  an 
automobile.  II.  i.  To  travel  or  drive  in  an  automobile. 
— mo'tor-lng,  n.  The  act  of  riding  or  driving  in  an  auto- 
mobile.— mo'tor-Ist,  n.     One  who  motors. 

mo'tor,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which  produces  motion, 
as  a  machine,  nerve,  etc.  2.  An  automobile  or  motor- 
car.  [LL.,  one  who  moves.]— mo 'lor*boat",  *bus, 
scar,  =cycle,  =dray,  n.  A  boat,  an  omnibus,  a  car,  a  bicycle, 
a  dray  propelled  by  motor.  —  m.  man,  n.  One  who  operates 
a  motor,  as  on  an  electric  car. — mo'tor,  a.     mo-to'rl-alf. 

mot 'tie,  1  1  mot'l;  2  mot'l,  vt.  [mot'tled,  mot'ld1";  mot'- 

mot'lp,  J  tling.]  To  mark  with  spots  of  different  colors 
or  shades;  blotch.    [<  motley.] 

mot 'to,  1  mot'o;  2  mot'o,  n.     An  expressive  word  or 
pithy  sentence  enunciating  some  guiding  principle,  rule 
of  conduct,  or  the  like.     [It.;  see  MOTET.] 
Syn.:  see  adage. 

mould,  moult,  etc.    See  mold,  etc. 

mou"lln',  1  mtriah';  2  mu"lan',  n.  A  nearly  vertical  shaft 
in  a  glacier,  formed  by  the  surface-water  trickling  through  a 
crevice.    [F.,  mill,  <  LL.  molina;  Bee  MILL1, «.] 

mou-llne',    )  1  mu-lin',  mfl'li-net;  2  mu-Hn',  mu'li-n&t,  n.    1. 

mou'li-net,  S  Mil.  The  circular  swing  of  a  saber.  2.  The 
drum  of  a  winch,  capstan,  or  the  like;  a  windlass  mecha- 
nism. 3.  A  form  of  turnstile.  [  <  F.  moulinet,  dim.  of  moulin, 
mill,  <  LL.  molina;  see  mill1,  n.] 

Moul-meln',  ».     Same  as  Mai  i. main. 

moult,  moult 'log.  etc.     Molt,  etc.:  the  English  spelling 

Moul'trlc,  1  m6T[mul'  or  niQ'ltn.  2  m01'[mul'  or  mu'Jtrt, 
William  (1731-1805).    American  Revolutionary  general, 

moiiml'i,  1  mound; 2  mound,  v.  l.t.  I.  To  fortify,  shelter,  or 
protect  by  a  mound,  2.  To  form  Into  a  mound,  II.  (.  To 
become  covered  with  mounds. 

mound,  n.  A  heap  or  pile  of  earth,  either  natural  or  arti- 
ficial; hillock.  [<  AS.  mund,  hand,  protection  1 
Syn.:  see  hami-aht.— mound'=bulld"ers,  n.  The  race  thai 
built  the  Indian  mounds  in  that  pari  or  the  United  stales 
east  of  the  Mississippi,  probably  ancestors  ol  the  • 
red  fndlans.  [ruptlon, 

moun"seer',  1  maun'slr';  2  moun'sSr*,  ".    Monsieur;  a  cor- 

mounl ',  1  mount;  2  mount,  v.    I.  i     I.  T< 
seat  oneself  upon.     2.  To  ascend  bj,   climbing.      8.  To 
attach  to  somel  hing,  as  for  exhibition,  ornament,  eif. 

4.  To  equip  and  prepan 

5.  To  prepare  for  use  by  placing  in  po  ition  and 

ing  parts.    6.  To  carry  or  be  equipped  with      ?•  To 
equip  or  furnish  with  a  horse  for  riding.    H.  To  set  on 


horseback.  9.  To  lift  or  elevate;  exalt.  II.  i.  1.  To 
ascend.  2.  To  get  on  horseback.  3.  To  amount.  [< 
L.LI-+p  mon(t-)s.  mountain.)— mount 'er.  «. — mounting, 
n.    1.  The  act  of  mounting;  elevation.    Z.  A  mount,  as  of 

a  picture.    3.  The  act  of  preparing  for  use,  etc. 
mount1,  7i.     1.  An  elevation  of  the  earth's  surface;  a 

mountain.      2.  Fort.   A   raised   work    commanding   the 

surrounding  country.     [<  I..AS  mon(t-)«,  mountain.] 
mount-,   n.     1.  That  upon  or  by   which  anything  is 

mounted.    2.  A  saddle-horse.    3.  A  signal  for  mounting, 
moun'tain,  1  maun'ton:  2  moun'tin,  I.    \   lofty, 

rocky  elevation,   high  above  the  surrounding  country. 
2.  Something  of  great  magnitude.     [  -.;   I 
neut.  pi.  of  montanus,  mountainous  ]      mountain  chain, 
series  of  mountains  connected  and  having  some  common 
characteristics.— m. =dew,  n.     [Colloq  1      Illicitly  distilled 
whisky.— moun"tain-ccr\   «.      1.    An    Inhabitant    of   a 
mountainous  district.     2.  One  who   climbs   mount 
moun'tain-ous,  a.    1.  Full  of  mountains.    8.  Huge. 

Mount  De-serf,  1  di-zOrt'  or  des'srt  ;  2 

An  island  off  the  coast  of  Maine;  100  bq,  m.;  pop    s 
summer  resort. 

moun'te-bank,  1  maun'ti-bank;  2  moun'te-bank,  n.  1. 
A  vender  of  quack  medicines,  as  at  country  fairs.  2. 
Hence,  any  boastful  pretender;  charlatan,  |<  It. 
montambanco,  <  montare,  moi  NT,  r..  +  in  (<  L.  fnj.on.  + 
banco,  bench,  <  MHG.  bane,  bench  1    Syn.;  Bee  quacx. 

Mount  Ver'non,  1  vOVnen; :.'  ver'non.  The  homestead  ami 
burial-place  of  George  Washington;  16  in.  from  Washington, 
D.  C,  on  the  Potomac. 

mourn,  1  morn;  2  morn,  r.    1. 1.    1.  To  grieve  or  Borrow 

for.  2.  To  utter  in  a  lamenting  manner.  II.  i.  1.  To 
express  sorrow.  2.  To  wear  mourning.  |<  AS.  murium, 
mourn.]  Syn.:  bemoan,  bewail,  deplore,  lament,  regret,  rue, 
sorrow.  To  mourn  is  to  feel  or  express  sadness  ,.r  ilia  1 1 
cause  of  some  loss,  affliction,  or  misfortune;  mourning  is 
thought  of  as  prolonged,  grief  or  regret  may  be  transient. 
One  may  grieve  or  mourn,  regnt,  rue.  or  surruu-  without  a 
sound;  he  bemoans  with  suppressed  and  often  Inarticulate 
sounds  of  grief;  he  bewails  with  passionate  ul  I  era  nee.  u  bet  ti- 
er of  Inarticulate  cries  or  of  spoken  words  lb-  lament*  in 
plaintive  or  pathetic  words,  as  the  prophet  Jeremiah 
"Lamentations."     One  deplores  with  settled  sorrow  which 

may  or  may  not  find  relief  in  words,    < Is  made  to  rtu  an 

act   by  some  misfortune  resulting,  or   by   some  penalty  or 
Vengeance  Inflicted  because  of  it.     line  regret}  a  Bill  h 
fortune  or  a  hasty  weird;    he  somites  over   the  death  of  a 

friend. — Ant.:  be  Joyful,  exult,  joy,  make  merry,  rejoloe, 
triumph. 

— mourn'er,  n.    One  who  mourns;  one  who  attends  a 
funeral.  —  mourn 'fill,  a.     1.  Indicating  or  expressing  grief. 
2.  oppressed  with  grief.    S.  Exciting  sorrow    Syn;  see  piti- 
ful;  sad—  mourn Tul-ly.   adi      mourn 'ful-ness,   n 
mourn  'ing,  n.    1.  The  act  of  expressing  grief ,    S.Thi 

bols  or  outward  manifestation  of  grief,      Syn  ;  see  0RI1  i 
mouse, )  1  motiz;  2  mous,  vt.  A-  n.     [lfOl  BI  t>;  MO!  sin..  ] 
IIIOUZ1',  J  1.  To  hunt   for  by 

sly  and  patient  Bear  oh; 
prowl  about.  2.  To  catch 
mice.  3.  To  apply  mous- 
ing to  (a  hook).  See 
Mi  'i  sinc;,  2.      4.  To  tend 

as    a    cat     line,,    a     1 1  |{ 

mous'er,  a.      \n 
thai   catches  mice;    e  pe 
dally,    a    in      mousing. 
I.  pa.      Given  to 
mice;  prowling     II.  n,     l. 
i  he    i'  i  of    hunting   mice. 
'i.  Xnut.  ,\  lashing  or  shackle 
around    the    shank 
an.i  point  of  a  hook,  to  pro- 
ven!   o  i  spreading  or    un- 
hooking, 
mouse,  l  moil  ,  ::  mous,  " 
[mice,  pf.]     I.  \  small  ro- 

ilent ;  e  ipecially,  t  lie  ■ - 

mop   house  »  ne hi  .       '.'. 

(  in.-    ul     various     animals 

lil.e  1 1.      bi  8< 

Mi     \  twelling  worked  on 

Dg    I  • 
AS.    ton     I         mOUBI 

n  An.      ■     of      \ai 

plan'  "' 

•  rap,    n.       v 
lll<>iis"(|tle-lalre',  |  ,  I 

,     ei      •;.    \   '.'..an.  n     i  loth  olonk  »  III 
fashion  aboul   180(1      I 

above  tin'  wrist  .  worn  bj   WOllli  It 

moii.,e"iiiic',  i  niii'.-iin'. ;:  in. i    On  .  n     I 


Man 


moU«tarhf  ,        |  ,  , •  ,  |  ,  nt.  Ar;  full.  rOlc;  Imt.  I.Orn; 

mum  in  If}  I  >  ,    .       i  i  ,-,ls 


■  IliHllll.  I 

II  li  «  r.  hi. .ill  li   - 

I 

in. .inli.  1. 


n.  1 
I. 


i 

- 


i 

■t.    1  ■•  make 

ravel    Sl'li 

III..V    '.I- 

iii  . ■  .     I  •  moved.    II.  it.    Anything 

:    in  the  plural,  movable  foods;  chattels, 
mm.    i-i.i  movable  least 

mil  tied  by  thi 
•    ii  i-i>.        mov'a-bl  e-nesst.     mov'a- 
bi>.  in.il  •  r.  •      mov'lng.    I.  pa.    1.  Causing  to 

iik    the   reelings:    affecting; 
II.  i .•:  change,  as 

-..lence.    Synj  *<-«.■  pitiful      mining  picture, 

•  n  by  a  klueto- 
iii.. Hun  pli'iur. 

iimiv,       i.  ;.    :.  ad  in 

.  the  ntmnging 

Mum  'imiil . 
I  .'  -  of  mo- 

tion- rrangement  of 

l 
Synj  see  a 
j  i  i  •  >  v  'H  -.    .  •  il     Moving 

r  in  which  they  an; 

mow  .  rf.  6c  ri.     (•■ 

■■  or  .Iowa  in  general;  cut 
grasn  low.] 

mow  .  .  in  a  mow,  as 

in.'.*  .  it  mau;  2  i 

mow  ,  1  mau;  2  rr  a  barn; 

mow  .  \  grimace.     [  <  M  I  I 

mow   i  r.  a    rnowing'inachinc. — 

with  a 
nt;  knives  for 

mow  ii.  .  mowing. 

mot  '  i.  1  iirlal  for  cau- 

D  plants. 
ti-rlal. 

•  ik'.  n.     1.  A 
'•  10  s<i   m.:  nop. 

ftfoi  no  bl'i  u>-  I  Ii.iiiii.  I.  g  Mailagascar 

.'.'i  m. 
WolTgang     \  mail,  ii- 

M.  P..  tetbodlst  Protestant, 

•  /poll tan  Police.  Municipal  Police    -M.  P.  t'„  abbr. 


in     p     li    .  Mile* 

m     u  .  Mi   . 

Mi.  in.  v., 

MH  . 

oi    ».  I.,  Mi. 

ml  h  .  lonth. 

nun  h.  II.' 

II.  I.  A  i 

thing, 

III.  i  '  pari . 

imiii  li  ii  r  being 

much  in  ik  ii  .  i  .i  nun  iiit.  about 

mil   .  I-.  | 

inn    i  lil.  Oil  lllll- 

rii'ir-ini.,        p  mu-clp'a-roust. 

Mill  Vl-I.igr.     : 

.in  in  watci 

mil    i  I-I.IK   l-liolls,    .       -Ilcss,  » 
inn  tin.   I  ml 

:  lembranea     [<  1 
murk,  i  ■  I.  Mi     t  manure  ci mi 

decoi  matter.    2.  > 

nun  k  '  ukiT,  n      <  ine  «  ho  ■ 
or  apparent   dishonesty,   Immorality,  or  the  like 

llllll  k  '    r.lk'  lllK.         .'.  Ill  lll'k    >  .  IIIIK'k'l-llcss.  n 

murk'ir.  ■  p.' km.  8  niiik'i.    [Bool  I     I. a.  Much.     II.        \ 

Li'.'-     ,  DID  1 

mu'cold,  1  mlu'keld;  2  mu'i  mucus.    I-    uncus 

mil 'runs,   1   miQ'koB;  L'  Secreting  n 

pertaining   to   or   resembling    muoui       mu'cow 
in u< n,i ^  membrane,  a  membrane  secreting  or  producing 

mucus,  that  lines  passages  communicating  with  u 

as  the  alimentary  canal,  alr»pai 
inn  'iro,  i  m  Q'kro;  u'  mu'ero,  n.    [mi  -.  bo'nes,  1  mlu-1 
ill,  sharp  i>r. . 
point  of  a  leaf;  a  spine,    [i        mu'cro-nate,  a,    Terminat- 
ing in  ■  mucro. 
mn'cus,  l  miu'ku-:  2  mfl'cus,  n.     1.  A  viscid  animal 
substance,  as  that  secreted  by  the  mucous  membrane. 
'.    ^.  gummy  substance  inplants.    |l.) 
mini,  l  mud;  ~  mud,  n.     Wei  and  sticky  earth;  mire. 
[<  mi  mud       iiiini' r.ii".  n      \  large  catflBh 

of  the  bottoms  ol  the  Mississippi  valley,     mud'dy.    I.  rt. 
[miii'dikii;  mi  n'liv-iM.  i    I.  To  make  turbid  or  din 

ofuse:  muddle.     II.  a.  [mtjd'di-er;  uun'oi-EBT.]    I. 
tered  « Itb  mud;  turbid;  men  tall]  confuai  d     'i.  <  !on- 
;  of  mini;  earthy;  gross;  Impure.    Syn.:  see  root,;  ob- 
b;    thick. —  niiKi 'ill-l> ,    adi        iiiiiiIMi-ih-  . 
mud'slll",  n.      1.  The  foundation  timber  of  a  structure 
placed  directly  on  the  ground,     i.  [1     8.1  A  person  of  low 
state  or  cond 
mini  'die,  I  1  mud'];  2  iin'ni'l.     I.  vt.  &  vi.     [in  i/ihiu; 
mudT',    f  mii.  'in.  in-,  ]    l.  To  make  turbid.    2.  To  con- 
tuse or  be  confused.    s.  To  waste.    4.  To  mix.     Byi 
mix.     Compare  obsct  bjb.     II.  n.  a  muddy  or  confused 
coiidiiioii;  a  mess.  I<  mm.] — mud'dle«b.ead'*ed,  a   <  on- 
stupld      mud'dler,  n. 
iiiu-i/  /in,  i    ml    es'm     :  mfl-ez'ln,  n.     in  Mohammedan 
countries,  a  public  crier  who  calls  the  faithful  to  prayer. 
[At.]    mou-ez'zlnt;  mu-ed'ciln;. 
muff1, 1  mnf ;  2  muf,  vt  a  1.  To  perform  (some  act) 

clumsily;  blunder.    '*.  In  babVplaying,  to  fail  to  hold 

'  the  bail;  in  at  n  mpting  a  catch. 

111  tiff ,  n.    A  covering,  usually  cyl  ato  which  the 

hands  are  thrust  from  op  >  >  keep  them  warm. 

[<  I),  mnf,  -Mil'  nil-  sleeve  I 

niiiir ,  i  1.  A  bungling  action;  in  bnll«playing,  a  failure 
.'.  \  bungler. 

miif'liii.  .  }muf'in,n.    A  light  spongy  cake  eaten 

hot  wi 
III II flic,  I  1   iniif'l;  2  mufl.      I.   it.      (mi  i'm. ii>.  mi  i'i.h''; 

miif'l  ,   i  .  ]    I.  To  wrap  up  inceal. 

'.'.    I.,  prevent   fn  I    aring,  or  speaking,  by 

wrapping  up  the  !  '••        deaden  the  sound 

by  wraps.    II'.".    I.  Something  used  for  muffling.    'I. 
■  .  a-  for  firing  pottery.    [  <  MI),  moffel,  kind 
of  mi'-  muffler,  n     I.  Anything  used  for  wrapping. 

up  or  muffling,    'i.  in  automobiles,  a  chamber  or 
chambers  to  minimize  noise  and  preveni  dust,    sllenc-erj, 
:t.  a  scarf  of  wool  or  suk  worn  about  tin-  neck  or  throat, 
muffle  .  ed  upper  lip  and  nose,  as  of  a  ruminant, 

mnftl,  lmuf't  '■  in  priest  or  ex- 

pounder of  the  law.     ''.  [COllOQ.,  Brit.]  Citizens'  dress  worn 
by  a  military  or  naval  Officer.    |Ar.| 

mugS  1  mot';  2  mug.  ».  1-  A  arinking*cup,  u  lually  cylin- 
drical, with  a  handle  and  no  lip.  '{.  That  which  i.->  con- 
tained in  a  mug.    [Cp.  Ir.  mugan,  Norw.  mv 

mug-,  n.  [Slang.]  I.  The  human  face  or  mouth.   S.  Agrli 

[T*erh:  ukhn.  face.] 

mug'ger1, 1  mug'ar;2  mOg'er,  n.  [.Scot.]  A  pedler  of  earthen- 
ware. 


1:8=  final;    1  =  hablt£    aisle;    aa  =  out;    ell;    IU  =  feud;    iHiin;    go;  _  n  =  sirif7;    fhin,   this.   niOUStaehe 
519    2:  wolf,  d<>;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this,     mummify 


Black  Mulberry. 

:,  the  fruit;  6,  a  lobed  leaf. 

[  =   MEWL.] 


mug'ger2,  re.  [E.  Ind.]  A  small  crocodile  with  a  very  wrinkled 
snout,    mug'gart;  mug'gurj. 

nmg'gins,  1  mug'inz;  2  mug'ing,  re.  A  children's  card-game; 
also,  a  certain  game  of  dominoes. 

mug'gy,  1  mug'i;  2  mug'y,  a.  [mug'gi-er;  mug'gi-est.] 
Warm,  moist,  and  close.  [<  Ice.  mugga,  fog.] — 
mug'gl-ness,  n. 

mug'wump",  1  mug'wump";  2  mug'wump",  n.  U.  S.  Politics. 
An  adherent  in  general  of  one  party,  but  claiming  the  rigln  of 
independent  action.    [<  Algonkian  muggttomp,  chief .] 

Mu-liam'nia-dan,  etc.    Same  as  Mohammedan,  etc. 

muir,  1  miir;2  miir,  re.  [Scot.]  A  moor;  heath.  —  niuir'y,  a. 

Muk-den',  1  mQk-den';  2  muk-den',  n.  A  city  in  S.  Man- 
churia; pop.  15S.132;  Japanese  defeated  Russians,  Feb.  20- 
March  15,  1905.    Mouk-den'l. 

mu-lat'to,  1  miu-lat'o;  2  mu-lut'o,  re.  One  having  white 
and  negro  blood  in  equal  or  nearly  equal  proportions. 
[<  Sp.  rnulato,  =  muleto,  dim.  of  mulo  (<  L.  mulus),  mule.] 

niurber''ry,  1  mul'berV,  2  mui'beV'y,  n.    [-riesz,  pi.]    A 
tree  whose  leaves  are   valued 
for  silkworm=culture;  also,  its 
berry-like  fruit.       [  <  Gr  L+AS 
moron,  mulberry,  +  berhy,  re.] 

mulch,  1  mulch;  2  mulch.  I*. 
vt.  To  cover  with  mulch.  II. 
re.  Any  loose  material,  as 
straw,  placed  about  the  stalks 
of  plants  to  protect  their  roots. 
[Cp.  AS.  molsnian,  molder.] 

mulct,  1  mulkt;  2  mulct.  Id. 
vt.  To  fine;  also,  to  fine  un- 
justly. II.  re.  A  fine,  or  similar 
penalty.  [<  L.  mulcta;  of  Sa- 
bine orlg.] 

mule,  1  miul;  2  mul,  vl.    [muled;  mtji/ing.]    To  cry;  mewl. 

mule,  1  miul;  2  mul,  re.  1.  The  offspring  of  a  jackass  and 
a  mare.  2.  Any  hybrid  or  cross.  3.  A  spinning-machine 
which  draws,  stretches,  and  twists  at  one  operation. 
spin'ning=mu!e"t.  4.  A  heelless,  quarterless  slipper. 
5.  A  person  having  the  stubborn  qualities  of  a  mule. 
[F.,  <  L.  mulus,  mule] — mu"le-teer',  re.  A  mule-driver. 
— mul'ish,  a.  Resembling  a  mule;  stubborn.  Syn.:  see 
obstinate;  restive. — mul'lsh-Iy,  ado. — mul'ish-ness,  ». 

mul'ey,  1  miuTi;  2  mul'y.  I- a.  Hornless:  said  of  cattle.  II. 
re.    [Colloq.]    A  hornless  cow;  any  cow.    mul'leyt. 

Miil'hau-sen,  1  miirhau-zen;  2  miirhou-sfin,  re.  A  town  in 
S.  Alsace*  pop.  95,041;  entered  by  French,  1914-1915. 

mu"II-cb/ri-ty§,  1  miu"h-eb'n-ti;  2  mu"li-eb'ri-ty,  re.  The 
state  of  being  a  woman.  (1)  Womanhood;  womanliness; 
hence,  effeminacy.  (2)  The  state  of  female  puberty.  [< 
LL.  muliebrita(t-)s,  <  L.  muUer,  woman.] 

mull1,  1  mul;  2  mul,  vt.    To  heat  and  spice,  as  wine. 

mull2,  vt.  To  reduce  to  dust  or  powder;  grind;  crumble.  2. 
To  mix  up;  muddle.  [die.    [<  AS.  mul,  dust.] 

mull',  re.     [Colloq.,  Eng.]    A  confused  state  of  affairs;  mud- 
mull2,  re.    A  thin,  soft,  cotton  dress-goods,         [snuff-box. 

mull3,  n.    [Scot.]    1.  A  bold  cape  or  promontory.    2.  A  horn 

mul  'lah,  re.    Same  as  mollah. 

mul'lcn,  1  mul'en;  2  miil'en,  re.  A  tall,  stout,  woolly  weed 
of  the  figwort  family.    [<  AS.  molegn,  mullen.)    mul'U-lni. 

mull'er,  l  mul'ar;  2  mul'er,  re.  1.  A  pestle-Iikc  Implement 
with  which  to  mix  paints.  2.  A  mechanical  pulverizer  or 
grinder.  [<  OF.  moleur,  <  moire,  <  L.  molo,  grind,  < 
mola,  millstone.] 

MuPlcr',  1  mu'ler'  or  (Ana.)  mH'ar;  2  mii'ler'  or  (Aug.)  mii'- 
er,  FrledrichMax  (1823-1900).  An  English  philologist  and 
Orientalist  of  German  birth. 

mul'let,  1  mul'et;  2  mui'Ct,  n.  A  food  fish,  u  ually 
greenish  or  copper-colored,  with  silvery  sides. 

mul"ll-ga-taw'ny,  1  muri-ge-tS'ni;  2  mfil'l  ga  ta'ny,  re.  A 
strongly  flavored  soup  of  meat  and  curry.  |  ■  Tamil  mil  urn- 
tannlr,  pepper-water.] 

mul'lion,  1  mul'y.m;  2  miil'yon.  I.  vl.  To  furnish  with 
or  divide  by  means  of  inulliniis.  II.  n  Vrch  \.  divi- 
sion-piece  between  windowlights  or  panels.  |<  F. 
moignon,  stump.]    nuin'nlont.-   munioned,  ". 

mulse,  l  mills;  2  mills,  n.    Wine  I I  and  iweetened.    [< 

L.  mulsum,  <  mulsus,  pp.  ol  mvlceo,  iweeten  I 

mul'ti-,  mult-,  1  mul'ti-,  mulfr-;  2  mul'ti-,  miilt-     From 
Latin  mulius,  many:  combining  form        miilt-an'irii- 
lar,    a.      Having    many    angles.      iiiiil"tl-ari'icii-lari. 
mul"tl-cap'su-lar,  a.     Bot.     Producing  or  having  many 
capsules.— mul"tl-celtu-lar,  a.     Many«celled      mul"tl- 
fa'ri-ous,  a.    Having  great  diver  Ity  or  variety     -i>.  adv. 
-ness,  ».— mul'tl-fld,  a.     cut   Into  ere,     lobi     oi    Beg 
mints.    [+  L.  flndo,  cleave.]    mul-tlf'l-doust.    mul'ti- 
fold,  a.     Many  times  doubled;  manifold,     II      i- 
mul'tl-foriii,  a.    Having  many  forms,  Bbapea,  or  appear 
aneos.   Syn.:  see  complex.    mul"tl-for'ml-ty,  n     mul"* 
tl-lat'er-al,  a.     Having  many  sides.     It     I.   talus,  side.) 
mul"tl-lln'c-al,«.    Manyllned.    [+  L. Utua, line.]  inul"- 
tl-lln'e-arj.— mul-tll'o-uucnt,  a.     Talkative,     inul'll- 


mll"lion-alre',  re.  One  who  is  worth  many  millions. — 
mul"ti-nom'i-nal,  a.  Having  many  names.  [+  I.. 
nomen,  name.]  mul"tl-nom'l-nous:.  —  mul-tlp'a-rous, 
a.  1.  (living  birth  to  many  at  one  time.  'i.  Bat.  Many* 
bearing.  [+  L.  park),  produce.]— mul"tl-par'tlte.  o. 
Divided  into  many  parts.  [+  L.  parttlus,  divided.] — Dial '- 
tl-ped.  I.  o.  Having  many  feet.  11.  ;(.  a  many-footed 
animal.  [+  L.  pes.  foot.]  mul'ti-pedoi.— niul'tl-phase, 
a.  Elec.  Same  as  polyphase.  —  Iliul'ti-plane,  n.  An  aero- 
plane with  more  than  three  planes—  mul  'ti-plex,  a.  1.  Made 
up  of  many  parts;  manifold,  'i.  Designating  a  system  of 
telegraphy  or  telephony  in  which  a  plurality  of  in. 
may  be  sent  at  once  over  the  one  wire. 

mul'ti-graph,  1  mul'ta-gmf;  2  mul'U-graf.  re.  a  machine 
which  fulfils  the  double  function  of  type-setting  and  print- 
ing, the  type  being  moved  by  means  ol  a  kej  from  a  type* 
setting  drum  to  a  priming  drum:  a  trade-name. 

mul'ti-ply,  1  mul'ti-plui;  2  mul'ti-ply,  r.  [-pi.ied;  -pi.v"- 
ing.]  I.  t.  1.  Math.  To  perform  the  operation  of  multi- 
plication upon.  2.  To  make  more  numerous,  11.  i .  1. 
To  become  greater  in  number,  etc.  2.  Math.  Ti 
gaged  In  multiplication.  Syn.:  Bee  propagate  inul'tl- 
pl(ep.  I.  a.  Containing  or  consisting  of  more  thai 
manifold.  II.  n.  Math.  A  resultant  of  multiplying  a 
quantity  by  whole  numbers  mul'tl-pU''a-bl(ep,  a.  That 
may  be  multiplied,  niul'tl-pll-ca-hli*"':.-  inurtl-pll- 
cand",  re.  Math.  A  number  multiplied,  or  !•>  be  multi- 
plied, by  another. — mul'tl-pll-cate,  a.  Consisting  of  many 
or  more  than  one. — mul"ti-pll-ca'tlon,  /<.  1.  The  proc-essi 
of  multiplying.  2.  Ariili.  The  process  Of  finding  the  sum 
of  a  number  repeated  as  many  times  as  there  are  units  in 
another  number.  -  murtl-pll-oa"tlvief\  a.  -ly.  ado. — 
Iliul"ti-plir'l-ty,  n.  The  condition  of  being  manifold  or 
various.  —  mul'tl-pll"er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  mul- 
tiplies or  increases  in  quantity;  the  number  by  which 
another  number  Is  multiplied.     mul'tt-pll-«,a"(or  • . 

mul"tl-po'lar,  i  mul'ti-p6'ler;  2  mul'tl-pOtar,  a.    Raving 

more  than  two  poles:  specifically  said  of  nerve-cells  and  ol 
electrical  apparatus.     [<   mii.ti-  +   1.  mul— 

tlp'o-tent§,  a.    Having  power  to  do  much  or  n 
[+  L.  poten(.t-)s,  powerful.]    mul-tls'o-nous, 

ting  much  sound  or  many  sounds      |  |    1      ontM,  sound. I 

mul'ti-tude,  1  mul'ti-tiQd;  2  mfil'ti-tOd,  n.    1.  Thi 
of  being  many  or  numerous.    2.  A  large  gatherin  ■ 

course.    3.  A  large  number  of  tilings. 

Syn.:  see  akmv;  ASSEMBLE  ;  COMPAN1  .  PHRONO. 
— mul"tI-tu'dl-nous,  a.     Consisting  Of  a  vast  number. 
Syn:  see  many.  — mul"tl-tu'dl-nous-lj ,  ....        mul"tl- 
tu'dl-noiis-ness,  n. 

mul'ti-va"li'nt,  a.    Chem.    1.  Having  a  valence  greater  than 
unity.    2.  Having  two  or  more  valences.    |-    uditi-       i 
valen(t-)s,  ppr.  of  1  1     mul'tl-\a"lern  . 

mul'ti-valve".  I.  a.  Having  many  valves.  11." 
with  many  valves.  —  mul-th  'o-t-al.  1."  Having  various 
meanings.  11.  n.  a  word  that  has  more  than  one  significa- 
tion. [(  L.  vox,  voice.]  miil-ioc'ii-inr.  a  Saving  two 
or  more  eyes;  having  eyes  divisible,  like  those  of  a  By,  Intf 
facets.    [+  oci'i.ah] 

mul 'tore,  1  mul'duir  nr  -tlur;  2  mul'ohur  or  -tOr,  n,     I-    \ 
grinding  of  grain.    2.  The  grain  ground.    3.  The  per. 
of  ore  paid  to  the  proprietor  of  a  puiverUlng«mlll.    [«n  . 
\j.  molUura,  grinding,  ■    molo.  grind.] 

mum1,  l  mum;  :.'  mum,  m     To  keep  one's  thoughts  to 
oneself;  reveal  nothing;  be  silent:  in  the  imperatii 
ioterjecl  tonally. 

mum-,  n.  [mummed;  mum'minq  ]  To  make  sport  in  ■ 
mask.    |<  OF.  mower,   <  Ml>.  mommen, 

mask  1    miimm;. 

mum,  'i.    Saying  nothing;  lilent,    [Imitative.] 

nnim'cliaiu-c".     I.  a.     [Colloq.]     Silent  and 

pled.     Ill .  n       \  ■   ■  ■ 

strict  siien.e.  [by  ( Christian  M 

mum1,  n,     \    trong  sweet  beer,  fij  t  brewed  in  Goi 
mum    .  n.    Silence. 
mnm'i  a,  |<  lolloq  |  Madam;  ma'am, 
mum 'ble,  i  l    mm  e.'i.i.   t      [mi  m'di 

mum'bl1,  i  \n  m'iu  r...  |     I.  i      I-    I  "  utt.  i  in  li 

di  i  in.  i  torn    .  ... 1 1 1 1 ■  r      ■•.   i  1 1  ohi  II<        ' 

To  muttt  i      9.  To  eat  with  : 

of  mum,  be  Bllenl  (lmitatlvi    i     mum'bl  c  .        mum  - 

ble  news"),  n       \  tali  bt  muni  bl(  r . 

miiiii'bo  |iim"ho.  i  mum'b  n,iuiri..-iii- 

I  \fr  |    I.  In  the  He. 

k  clall)  bj  wot 

miiin'mcr,  1   mun  '  ''<•    * '"' 

liitim'iin'r-\  .  I.     \ 

,i  pi  rformam        I  ol  ritual     I  ■ 

OF. 

mum'ml-fy,  i  mum'i  fal;  '  mOm'i  fj    n 
Pom  of;ombalm 

ing  pro  iummi  ' ''.n> :.    nam  - 

iiil-li-ca'Hon,  n, 


muinni) 
mill  111) 


„  .,        ,  ,  ,  ,  I  i  ii     not.rtr;   tall,  HUo;    l.lit.l.Orn; 

I  II  ,111  I  ...    ,,|,l.    Ol,    HOll,  I.'M 


a,,,,'.   rl) 
itmu 


luili          iiiiini  rut-furm, 

n«w| 

i              .••.'.   i  ■ 

• 

mu 

Mp   •  r . 

mump  l%h, 

oiumpv,    . 

\n  epidemic  in- 

inJa. 

mull. 

■ 

mum h  .   . 

t  -.  ■ .  i  -  i  I  >- 

Mini-.  1.  .11    -.  D, 

' 

it  iron 

i  Ira  .if  adven- 

illected 

Mini.  Ii    Ii  hi--,  ii                   Mini- 

mini  ,ii in  .  I  lining  to  the 

world  1    -ly.  ads. 
mini  < mun'- 

Mu  in.  "i.  Vnif.  n.    a  university  city,  capital 

Mini  .  h.  n 
inu-iil.    l-p.il.   .  il.    i.     1.  I'.r- 

.t-  local  government.    2. 

:,l     ,.I    :i    -■ 

duty,    + 
tmp\  iiiu-iii.    i — i  ■  .1  i-i  |  .  ,i     ah  In- 

imi-iiii  i-i.ni.  ]  2  mQ-nlf 'i-cfipt,  a.    Bav- 

lordinarily  generous 

'•■'  1 
nni-nlf 'l-ccine.  r».   i:\ira- 
inii-iiin-rrii-c) :.  Syn.: 

Illll-lllf 'l-rcll(-l)  . 

mu  ni-iniiii.  .  -in, .hi,  2  mtt'ni-ment,  n. 

I .  .  is  a  ,1 1,  nr  record, 

rty  may  be  defended,    2.  Auy- 
I  .         tronghold;  fortifica- 
1   .  ipporting  or  defending.    I1 'I   .  < 

IR1  ;  UKi.iUli. 

mii-iii  ii. .ii.  .  mQ-nlsh'on,  n.    1.  Ammu- 

I  :ill  necessary  wartnaterial.     2.  Hence,  t  In- 

!  .  \  t,,rt ,  stronghold. 

munlo,  fortify. 1 

Muni,,.  ,i  .2  inun'k..  -  ■  |    MJhalj   (1844- 

:  Hale. 
Mini  -'■  r.  -.  »j.    a  province  In  B.  ire- 

Mini  -!■  r.  r,  n.    A  tnuii  In  \V.  Prussia; 

in  ii  r.i  1 .  1.  Pertaining  to  or  sup- 

;.  .         ibling  a  wall.    [F.,   <  L. 

■  itirui,  wall  ) 
Mu"r»t',    1  li.i.liliii      1771    1S15).      A 

1816 
Ir'thl-a;  2  mOr'shl-a  or  (Sp.) 
.  ■  neural  city  In  S.  E. 

mur  .1.  r.  >    mflr'der      I.     '      1.  To   kill  fa 

'.'.  I  o  pul  to 
:.  ,il;  mar;  di- 

ll, ngful  and  intentional  killing  of 

"  lor,    < 

mur '.|.r-.r.  -.      ■  »rn-  who 

commits  murder       mur  '.l.r-.  ■--.  mur  iIit-uii-. 

I .  S.  Given  to  mur- 

:  lUIlfARY. 

m  ur  '.|.  r  -« .  i  j  —  1 ;  .  miir'i|>T-.iii"iii-     . 

I  II.  n.    A  wall,     in  ii  r- . 

mu  r,  i . 

■ 
A  marine  Bastrop. ,  :  of  which  the 

Mur  fr. . --imr-.i.  mur'frts.  bttr-O,  n.    A 

.   7iMI 

mur'if.'M.  1.  A  smirk;  irrl- 

mace.    2.  A  muni :  ue,  wry 

face.) 
mu'rl-ate,  1   mlfl'n-et:  2  mu'rl-S'.  n.     Chlorld:  Old  name. 

[<  I.,  murin.  brim-  |     mu  'rl-at"ed.   i      I.  Baited;  pickled. 
i  -cated   with   muriatic   acid.  —  mu"rl-at  'lr,    a 

Same  as  BTDBOCXLORIC. 
Mu  ri-dae,  1  miQ'n-dl;  3  mQ'rl-de,  n.  pi.  .\tam.  A  large  fam- 


ii\  .,f  rodem  Iko  form,  Including  rata  and  mloo, 

i 

mu  n  i. .mi.    i    miu'ri  fniin.   8   mu  1 1  im in.   .i.     Regularly 
h   ::     iiii  .,f  ..ii-.  111  plant!  i 

i.m  |     mii'rlii, 

Mu-rii  lo,  i  mm  in  ■  i-m'yo;  2  mO-rtl'o  or  (Sp.) 

ii.ii  I.. i. .im    i  ateban     IfllN    UWCI        \  Spanish 
',„.iii     i      \-.  ml 
murk,  l  in M ri. .  - •  mink     I.  ,i     Murky; dark     u  .  *     Dark- 
murk 'y,  1  mGrk'l .  2  nnii  k'y, O.    |m i  iik  i  i  it.  \n  in.  i  | 
Darkened,  thickonod,  or  obscured;  ha  y;  obaoun 

MDAKI       murk.  'I-I) .  murk  l-ii. -.-.,  ■/ 

in  1 1  r  'mur,  1  iiiiir'iniir,  2  I.I       I      mh.iiu.-i 

low,  balf*artioulate  tone     II.  i     I.  1"  speak  complain- 
I  in  an  undertone;  mutter;  mumble     '!■  To  make  a 
murmur     I  <  1.   murmuro,  <  murmur,  murmui 

ll\.  Mini   I    .   .  nMI'l    MS, 

murmur.  •      1.  A i  omplainl  uttered  in  .-i  balfartioulate 

'.'.    \  l,,u   lound  continually  repeated      iiuir'- 

iiiur-er,   n       iiiiir'miir-liiit.    ;,;      -l> ,  adl,      miir'iiiur- 

iiii-,        Qlvlng  forth  murmurs;  murmuring. 

mur  r.iln,  l  nmi'in.  :.'  muim.  u      \  malignant  epiiootia 

Fever  affecting  domestic  animals;  any  plague. 

I     in    ,,.,,-i'n,  <  L.  mortor,  die.]    mar 'rain,  a.    infected 

Willi  murrain 
Mur'ray,   1    mnr'i:  L'  mur'y.   n.     1.  Sir  James   AOgUltUl 
llcnr>    (1837   1916),   a   Boottish   philologist    and    lexicog- 
rapher;'editor  of    i    \-'    BnglUh  Dictionary  on  HUtortt 
Principle*,  is7'.i  IB!  i     !■  lamea  Stuart,  Karl  of  (1638 

.,  of  Scotland;  assassinated.    >.  The  chief  river 
nf  Australia;  length,  1,700  m.  to  Indian  ocean. 

miirre.  1  mur;  J  mur,  ;i.     [\n  mu;  ur  Miii'iin  >'■,  ;,/  |     1.  Same 

iiii-,1,,1     I.  The rasor>blUed  auk,    murri.        [auk. 

liuirrc'lct.   1    miir'li-l:  2   miir'lr-l.   n.      A   small    Niirlli-I'aclllc 
iiiur'ri->.  1   mur'i;  2  mur'y.  ,i      i  if  a  ilark  n-ildlsli-liruwii  ur 

mulberry  color.   I-    OF.  morse,  ■    LL.  morafus,  blackish,  < 

i..  mora*,  <  t;r.  moron,  mulberry.] 
mur'lhcrt,  nitir'llier-ert.  Oto.     Same  as  miiihui,  etc. 
Mu  ...  '  i  i     .in.  miisir.  musical. 

Mu'-a.  l  miii'z.i;  2  mu'.vi.  n,  /',»'.  A.  notable  genus  of  tropical 

mOnOOOtyledonOUS  plains  of  t  In-  banana  family  '  .1/ '• 
[Prob,  -     Ar.  mflte,  banana  |      Mu-sa 'cc-;e,  >i    pi.    B 

order  ol  monoootyledonous  plants    the  banana  f;imii\ 
proceeding  from  rootstocks,  with  stems  composed  of  sheath- 
ing leafstalks  and  Bowers  bursting  through  Bpathes. 

Uus'ca,  l  mim'ke; :'  inus'ra.  n.    i.  Entom.  A  genua  typical 
ofAftucfda     ■-'.  [m-I  [inra'ca,  1  -I;  2  -€,  pi.]   Ally.   [L.,  fly.] 
Mas 'el-das,  n.  pi,  Enlom.  A  family  of  dipterous  Insects, 
oommon  flies,     mus'cld,  a,  &  n. 

mil- V;i-illn  i-  ,  1   mii,'i..i-illn  or  -daln:  2  mus'c.i-dln  or  -<lln, 
B.]  The  southern  fox»grape.    l<  F.  mutcodfn,  muak> 
lozenge,  <  i.i..  mu  i  u  .  in  si  I 

mus'cat,  l  iiius'kai;  2  mus'cat.  n.  Bot.  One  of  several  vari- 
eties of  muak«flavored  Old  World  grapes,  ur  a  wine  made 

therefrom.  [!•'.,  <  It.  motCOtO,  musk,  <  LL.  muscus.  mink.] 
iiius'ca-der;  mils'<-a-(elt. 

mus'ea-tel,  1  mus'k..-iel;  2  mus'ca-lel.  n.  1.  A  rleli.  frully 
wine  made  from  the  muscat  grape,  uios'ea-telj.  2.  Tho 
muscat  grape,    mus'ca-delt. 

imis'el'e1',  l  mus'l;  2  mttsl,  n.  Anat.  l.  An  organ  com- 
posed of  '-"lit  rael  lie  fillers,  by  the  .-letiun  uf  which  limlily 

movemenl  is  effected,  'J.  The  tissue  of  the  muscular 
organs,  •{.  Muscular  strength.  [F.f  <  L.  musculus, 
muscle  I  mus'cu-lar,  a.  I.  Pertaining  to  ur  depending 
upon  muscles.  2.  Possessing  strong  muscles;  powerful. — 
intis"cu-lar'l-ty,  «.  — mus'cu-lar-ly,  ado. 
mus'cold,  l   mos'keld;  :j  mus'eOld.     I.  a.  Bot.  Moas-llko. 

II.  II       A  muss-like  plant.     [<    I.    mti  CU   ,  mOSS,     i    -OID.] 
iiiii~"cu-\a'do,   1   mus"ku-ve'du;  2  mus"cu-va'dn,  n.     1   nre- 

flned  sugar  abado,  onreflned,  ult.  <  L.  minus, 

to,  +  caput,  head.] 

Ml|s'eo-\lle,  1  iii  u-'kii-viiit ;  2  mus'i-o-vlt.  I.  a.  Belong- 
ing to  Muscovy  or  Moscow ;  I  a,  MuV'co- 
\i('i<-;.    II.  ii     An  inhabitant  of  Russia 

mas 'co- v]  ,1  muslco-vi;  2  mus'eo-vy,  n.  [-vibb*,  pi.]  A 
tropical  American  duck.    \  ^  Mv  ■  >vy,  Mo 

Hns'eo-T]  .  i  ui<i  name.    [Mtukova,  Moscow.) 

iiiiim-,   1   rniuz;  2  run : .   I        |  U  I  -in;   III  i'tSQ  ]     I.  t.     To 

meditate  upon;  ponder.  II.  i.  1.  To  cogitate,  2.  To 
indulge  in  reverie.  [<  OF.  muser,  perhaps  lit.  'sniff 
about,'  <  rnu-o,  muzzle  |  Syn.:  brood,  cogitate,  consider, 
contemplate,  deliberate,  dream,  rnediiaie,  pnnder,  n-iieci., 

ruminate,  stew,   study,    iidnk.     Compare   b io 

Prep.:  on  ur  upon,  musing,  pa.  A  "  mus'lng-ly,  adv. 
Thoughtfully,     inus'l-ly:. 

Mn-e  ,  n.  1.  [M-  ur  in-]  The  inspiring  power  of  poetry. 
2.   Claaa    Myth.  Ore-   ut    the  .,  .    presiding 

over  poetry,  art,  and  science.  (F.,  <  Gr.  Mousa, 
Muse.] 

muse2,  n.    1.  The  act  <<r  slate  of  rnuslrii;;  reverie.    2.  Wonder. 

muif'ful,  n.     Meditative;  deeply  thoughtful. 

noseless,  8.    Having  no  poetic  Inspiration. 


1:9  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    lu  =  f>t.<d;    cllin;    go;    o  =  sins;    fhin,   this,      mummy 
521      2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,  burn;  61!,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this,        mutiny 


mu'set,  1  miu'zet;  2  mu'get,  re.  [Prov.  Eng.]  A  breach  in  a 
hedge  or  opening  in  a  fence,  used  by  small  animals. 

mu-se'um,  1  miu-zl'um;  2  mQ-se'um,  re.  A  place  de- 
voted to  works  of  nature,  art,  curiosities,  etc.;  also,  the 
collection  itself.  [L.,  <  Gr.  mouseion,  temple  of  the 
Muses,  <  Mousa,  Muse.] — British  Museum,  a  museum 
founded  in  London  in  1753  by  the  bequest  of  Sir  Hans 
Sloane. — Metropolitan  M.,  a  museum  in  New  York  famed 
for  the  size  and  value  of  its  art  collection. — United  States 
National  M.,  see  Smithsonian. 

mush,  1  musTi;  2  mush,  vt.  &  vi.  [Colloq.,  Alaska  &  N.  W. 
Canada.]  1.  To  travel,  as  a  miner.  2.  To  drive,  as  a  dog* 
team. 

mush,  1  musTi;  2  mush,  n.  1.  [U.  S.]  Thick  porridge, 
made  by  boiling  meal  or  flour  in  water  or  milk.  2.  Any- 
thing soft  and  pulpy.  [Prob.  corr.  of  mash,  n.] — 
mush'y,  a.     Soft;  easily  moved;  effeminate. 

mushed,  1  muslit;  2  musht,  a.  [Prov.  Eng.]  Reduced  to  an 
enervated  or  inert  state;  worn  out;  exhausted. 

mush'room,  1  musTi'riim;  2  mush'robm.  I.  a.  1.  Per- 
taining to  or  made  of  mush- 
rooms. 2.  Sudden  in  growth 
and  rapid  in  decay.  II.  re. 
Bot.  A  large,  rapidly  growing 
fungus,  consisting  of  an  erect 
stalk  and  a  cap=like  expansion: 
certain  poisonous  varieties  are 
called  toadstools,  but  the  dis- 
tinction is  not  scientifically 
correct.  [  <  OF.  mouschron,  < 
mousse,  moss.) 

mU'SiiC'  ™  mi4'zlk:    2    mu'sie,      common  Mushroom, 
re.     1.  The  science  and  art  of      ^«"""«"  i.iuomuum. 

the  rhythmic  combination  of  tones,  vocal  or  instrumen- 
tal, embracing  melody  and  harmony.  2.  A  composition, 
or  mass  of  compositions,  conceived  or  executed  accord- 
ing to  musical  rule  or  spirit.  3.  Any  rhythmical  succes- 
sion or  combination  of  sounds,  especially  if  pleasing  to 
the  ear;  melody.  £.  Zool.  Stridulation.  [<Gr.l'mo«- 
sike,  Muses'  art.]     Syn.:  see  melody. 

— music  of  the  spheres,  in  the  Platonic  theory,  the 
harmony  heard  by  the  gods  alone,  which  is  produced  by  the 
movements  of  the  celestial  spheres. — mu'si-cal,  a.  1. 
Pertaining  to  music.  2.  Capable  of  producing  music.  3. 
Melodious. — musical  box,  a 
case  or  cabinet  containing  a 
mechanism  contrived  to  re- 
produce melodies,  mu'sic  = 
box"t.  —  mu"si-cale',  n. 
[F.]  An  informal  concert  or 
private  recital,  inu'sl-calt. 
— mu'si-cal-ly,  adv. — mu'- 
sl-cal-ness,  re. — mu-sl  'clan, 
re.  One  skilled  in  music. 
musk,  1  musk;  2  musk,  re.  1. 
A  soft,  reddish=brown  pow- 
dery substance  of  a  pene- 
trating odor,  obtained  from 
the  male  musk=deer.  2.  The 
odor  of  musk.  [  <  F.  muse, 
musk.]  — musk'=cat",  n.  A  civet;  figuratively,  a  perfumed 
effeminate  man;  a  dandy. — m.«deer,  n.  A  small  deer  of 
central  and  eastern  Asia,  having  (In  the  males)  a  musk-so- 
cretlng  gland.— musk'mel"on,  re.  The  Juicy,  edible  gourd- 
like  fruit  of  a  trailing  herb;  cantaloup.-  m.*ox,  re.  An 
American  arctic  ruminant  combining  the  characteristics  ol 
the  sheep  and  ox  and  exhaling  B  Btrong  odor  of  mil  k 
musk'rat",  re.  A  Nortli= Amer- 
ican aquatic  rodent  yielding  a 
valuable  fur  and  secreting  a  sub- 
stance with  a  musky  odor 
m.=rose,  re.  A  cultivated  climb- 
er from  Europe,  with  usually 
large  white  flowers 


Musk-u 


In  panicled  clusters. 
— musk'y,  a.  Like 
musk;  smelling  ol 
musk.  —  musk'l- 
ness,  n. 
in  II  s  'ka-longe.  re. 
Same      as      .maski- 

NONGE. 

mus'ket,    1    mira- ,-' 
ket;  2  mus'kft,  n. 

A  former  smooth'boro  military  hand-gun. 
mosquel,  gun,  hawk,  <  It.  mOBChettO,  lit. 'hawk,'  l. 
mu.ica,  fly.]— mus"ket-cer\  re.  A  soldier  armed  wlili  u 
musket;  hence,  a  foot-soldier,  miis'kct-ry,  ».  I.  Mus- 
kets collectively.     '£.  The  science  of  Bring  Small 

Mus'llm,  re.    Same  as  MOSLEM. 

mus'Hn,  1  muz'hn;  2  mus'lin.  re.    1.  A  fine  cotton  fabric 


[<    OF. 


for  dress=goods.  2.  A  plain  light  cotton  doth.  (<  F. 
moussclinc,  ult.  <  Syrlac  Mosul,  Mosul  (city  in  Mesopo- 
tamia).]— mus'lln=de=lalne',  n.  Same  as  Mors-.iu.iNi. 
de-Laine.  —  Ill.:glass,  n.    Same  as  MOl 

mus'quasli,  1  mus'kwosh;  2  muVkwash.  n.  [Am,  Ind]  The 
muskrat 

mus-qui  'to,  1  mus-kl'to:  2  mus-ki'to,  re.    Same  as  mosquito 

muss,  1  raus;  2  mus.  [Colloq.,  U.S.]  1'.  r,*.  To  disarrange; 
mess.    II.  n.    A  mess;  disturbance 

mus'st'l,  1  mus'l;  2  mus'l,  a.  A  small  bivalve  mollusk. 
[<  L.as  muscidus,  a  small  lish.  muscle.] 

Mus'sul-iiian,  1  mus'ul-nuin;  2  mus'ul-man     I.  a.    Be- 
longing or  relating  to  the  Moslems.     II.  n      [-mi-.  - 
A  Moslem.     [  <  Turk,    musulm&n,  ult.  <  Ar.  muslim, 
Moslem.] 

must1,  1  must;  2  must,  vi.  [Auxiliary]  [A  defect  ive  verb, 
without  any  inflection,  used  as  an  auxiliary  to  another 
verb,  which  in  archaic  style  may  be  omitted;  as.  I  must 
away.]  1.  To  be  necessitated  or  obliged  '.'.  To  be 
necessary.    [<  AS.  rreoste,  pret.  of  mdtan,  may] 

must-11,  vl.  &  vi.     To  make  or  become  musty. 

must1,  re.     Mustiness;  mold. 

must2,  re.  1.  The  expressed  unfermented  juice  of  the 
grape.  2.  Unfermented  potato«pulp.  I  <  L.AS  mustltm, 
neut.  s.  of  ntusttts,  new] 

mus-tache',  1  mus-tasli'  or  -tnsV;  2  mus-t&ch'  or  -t&ch', 
n.  1.  The  growth  of  hair  upon  tlie  upper  lip  <if  men  '  2. 
Zool.  (l)  A  stripe  of  color  on  the  side  of  the  bead  or 
about  the  neck  of  a  bird.  (2)  Hair,  or  the  like,  growing 
in  the  neighborhood  of  the  mouth  3.  A  \\  est -African 
monkey.  4.  A  soldier.  [<  Gr."+F  mvgtax,  <  mastax, 
mouth]  mous-taclie'J;  mus-tacb'lol.     mu  — (ached ',  n. 

Mus-tagli',  1  nius-tim';  2  mus-t&H',  ».  A  mountain  range  of 
central  Asia  between  Turkestan  and  Kashmir. 

mus'tang,  1  mus'tarj;  2  mus'tang,  n.  The  half-wild 
horse  of  the  American  plains.     (  <  Bp,  m  »h  fio,  wild  ] 

mus'tard,  1  mus'terd;  2  mas'tard,  n.  1.  Hither  of  two 
species  of  the  mustard  family  (white  or  black),  both 
annual  herbs  with  yellow  flowers  and  pods  of  roundish 
seeds.  2.  The  pungent  seed  of  the  mustard,  l<  L.°* 
mu.ttum;  see  must2,  re.] 

mus'te-lin(es,  1  mus'ti-lln;  2  mus'te-lln.  a.  Mam.  Pertain- 
ing to  the  family  which  Includes  weasels  and  martens, 

mus'ter,  1  mus' tar;  2  mus'ter.  I.  vt.  ,V  vi.  To  summon  and 
gather  together,  as  troops  or  militia;  be  assembled      II.  n. 

1.  An  assemblage,  especially  of  troops  for  parade  or  review  . 

2.  A  muster-roll.    [<  OF.  mostrer,  <  I.,  monstro,  show,  < 
moneo,  admonish.]    Syn.;  see  convoke.  — mus'tcr«roll",  re. 
A  return  of  all  troops  at  a  muster;  hence,  any  similar  return. 
— to  pass  muster,  to  be  acceptable  or  accepted, 

must'}',  1  must'i;  2  miist'y,  a,     1.  Having  a  moldy  odor; 

ill'flavored;  stale.    2.  Without  life  or  flavor,    3.  Without 
life  or  energy;  listless;  apathetic    1-     moist.]     Bra 
tuite.— in  list  'l-ness,  n, 
mu't;i-bl(c'',   1   miQ'ta-bl;  2  mfi'ta-bl,   a      Capable  ,,f 
changing;    liable    to    change;    hence,     lickle;     unstable. 

[<  l.  mtttabilis,  <  muto,  change.] 

Syn.:  see  FICKLE.—  iiill'ta-hlic-iicssc,    iini'ta-lol  l-t) , 
n. — lllll-ta'tioii,  n.      1.   The  act   of  changing.      '!.    Modlll- 

catlon;  change.    Syn.:  see  i  bangi 
mutch,  1   much;  2  much.  re.   [Soot.]   A  WO n's  close-frilled 

cap.    [<  Mi),  mutte,  <  i.i..  tiiiiihim.  hood  i 

miilcli'kln,    ]     nioch'km;    2    mucli'Kln.    u.    [800t.]    A    liquid 

measure, taimng  f    ir  l:  Ills  or  one  imperial  pint      [Dim  of 

HUTCH.] 

unite,  1  mint;  2  niut.  I.  o.  I.  Uttering  no  word  or 
sound;  silent;  in  law,  refusing  to  plead  upon  arraign- 
ment, '■■  Lacking  the  powei  "i  Bpeeoh;  dumb  S< 
I  m  .^-  Philol.  (1)  I  'npronounoed;  sdli  a\ 
duced  by  absolute  oiosun  pi  the  mouth*organs  II.  n. 
1.  ( ine  who  i  ■  silent .  especially  a  i"  i 
isunab  I        L)  A  person  who  i   du    bl 

of  deafness  or  other  infimutv     deaf'«mut« 
undei 

raignmenf  refu  ea  to  plead       i    tn  rui  I  i 
the     eraglio    who  ■•  outiom  i 

I     \    ound  formi  d  bj   I  In  pping 

of  i  he  oral  ] 

: ,  muffle,  or  deaden  the  torn 

inent       |  •      I    '    n 

witii  olo  ed  in-  I  loui.'ij . 

mute'neMi 

mu'tl-late,  I  mitt'ti 

]    i.  To  deprive  ol  a  lii  ib  oi  i     i  ntial  pan .  maim; 
:.  To  expungi  oi  di  let<    i  m  \U  rial  pari 
i  incomplcti  ( ' 

i      \utUalu$.pv  of  mttftfo,  malm      mu"tl-la'tloii 
act  of  mutilating;  a  mutilated  condition      inn  'M-la"ior.  •, 

mu'tl-ny,  1   mifl  ti  m;  2  mQ'ti  ny      I.  vi 
in..  |    i.  T again  <  ■   oatil "!  d  authority,  m  la  Uw 


tub*, 
ano:   a 

« 
:    -■■_■■  a-.     -    m'tUjT'Su:  •  ■• 

bar;    an,    tracker-box:    bb.  take»<j 
Trurr. : 
sltber. 


MUSICAL   INSTRUMENTS. 

5.  Cornet.     0.  Alto  saxophone.     7.  Bass 
10     Violin  and  bow.     11.  Violoncello.      12.  Bass  drum  and  stick.    13.  Player-pl- 

/.  tempoKllal;   o.  »UBtalnlng»peda]  lever; 

i  -..nij list er:  m.  silencer;   n.  tempo>lever;  o.  cm- 

on-device:    r.  exnausUbeuowB;  I,  plate: 

motor;    v.  tranmniaalon^nechanlam;  z.  tracker- 

lare-drum    and    sticks.     15.  Bogle    with  pistons.     16. 

.  I.  Banjo     21.  Piccolo.    22.  Flute.    23.  Concert- 


1: » =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    an  =  out;    oil;     tu  =  feud;    <<hin;    go;    TJ^sing;    fhin,   this.       mutism 
523       2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    bQrn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,   this.  mystic 


army  or  navy.     2f.  To  quarrel,     mu'tinef.     II.   n. 

[-niesz,  pi.]  1.  Rebellion  against  constituted  authority ; 
especially,  a  revolt  of  soldiers  or  seamen  against  their 
commander.  2f.  Tumult;  discord;  strife.  [<F.  mutin, 
mutineer,  <  meute,  sedition.]  Syn.:  see  revolution. — 
mu"ti-necr'.  I.  vt.  To  engage  in  mutiny.  II.  n.  One 
who  takes  part  in  mutiny,  mu'tlnet. — mu'ti-nous,  o. 
Disposed  to  mutiny;  seditious.  Syn.:  see  rebellious;  res- 
tive; turbulent. — mu'ti-nous-ly,  adv. — niu'ti-nous- 
ness,  n. 

mut'ism,  1  miut'izm;  2  mut'ism,  n.  1.  Pathol.  Inability  to 
utter  articulate  sounds.    2.  Muteness. 

mut'ter,  1  mut'ar;  2  miit'er.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  utter 
with  imperfect  articulation,  or  in  low,  sullen  tones.  2. 
To  murmur.  II.  n.  An  imperfect  utterance;  murmur. 
[ME.  muteren  (imitative).] — mut'ter-er,  n. — mut'ter- 
Ing,  n. 

mut'ton,  1  mut'n;  2  mut'n,  re.  The  flesh  of  sheep  as  food. 
[<  F.  moulon,  sheep.]— mut 'ton  schop".  I.  a.  Shaped 
like  a  mutton«chop:  said  of  whiskers.  II.  n.  A  piece  of 
mutton  from  the  rib  for  broiling  or  frying. 

mu'tU-al,  1  miu'ehu-[or  -tiu-]al;  2  rnu'chu-[or  -tu-]al,  a. 
1.  Pertaining  reciprocally  to  both  of  two;  reciprocally 
related  or  bound.  2.  Shared  or  experienced  alike;  joint; 
common.    [  <  L.F  mutuus,  <  muto,  change.] 

Syn.:  common,  correlative,  interchangeable,  joint,  recip- 
rocal. That  is  common  to  which  two  or  more  persons  have 
the  same  or  equal  claims,  or  in  which  they  have  equal  Inter- 
est or  participation;  that  is  mutual  (Latin  mulare,  to  change) 
which  is  freely  interchanged;  that  is  reciprocal  in  respect  to 
which  one  act  or  movement  is  met  by  a  corresponding  act  or 
movement  in  return;  we  speak  of  our  common  country,  mu- 
tual affection,  reciprocal  obligations,  the  reciprocal  action  of 
cause  and  effect,  where  the  effect  becomes  in  turn  a  cause. 
In  strictness,  it  is  incorrect  to  say  "a  mutual  friend";  "a 
common  friend"  would  be  more  accurate;  but  "common 
friend"  is  practically  never  used,  because  of  the  disagreeable 
suggestion  that  attaches  to  common  of  ordinary  or  inferior. 
"Mutual  friend"  has  high  literary  authority  (of  Scott,  Dick- 
ens, and  others)  and  a  considerable  usage  of  good  society  in 
its  favor,  the  expression  being  quite  naturally  derived  from 
the  thoroughly  correct  phrase  "mutual  friendship." — Ant.: 
detached,  disconnected,  dissociated,  distinct,  disunited,  sep- 
arate, separated,  severed,  sundered,  unconnected,  unrecip- 
rocated, unshared. 

— mu"tu-al'i-ty,  re.  The  state  of  being  mutual;  reci- 
procity.— mu'tu-al-ly,  adv. 

mu'tule,  1  miu'tiul;  2  mu'tul,  n.  Arch.  One  of  a  series  of 
rectangular  blocks  under  a  Doric  corona,  with  dependent 
drop=like  ornaments  called  guttx.   \[<  L.  mutulus,  mutule.] 

mu-zhik',  1  mu-gik';  2  mu-zhik',  re.  A  Russian  peasant.  [< 
Rus.  muzhiku.]     nioii-jik';. 

muz'zle, )  1  muz'l;  2  miiz'l.    I.  vt.    [muz'zled,  mcz'ldp; 

muz'F,  )  muz'zling.]  1.  To  fasten  the  mouth  of  to  pre- 
vent eating  or  biting.  2.  To  silence.  II.  n.  1.  The 
snout  of  an  animal.  2.  A  guard  or  covering  for  an 
animal's  snout.  3.  The  front  end  of  a  firearm.  [  <  L.OF 
morsus,  a  bite.] — muz'zlc:load"er,  n.  A  firearm  loaded 
through  the  muzzle. — m. -loading,  a. 

muz'zy,  1  muz'i;  2  muz'y,  a.  [Slang,  Eng.]  Muddled;  stu- 
pid; tipsy.    [<  muse,  v.] 

m.  v.,  abbr.  Mus.  [It.)  Mezza  voce  (with  half  the  power  "f 
the  voice). — M.  W.,  abbr.    Most  Worshipful.  Most  Worthy. 

my,  1  mai;  2  my,  pron.     Belonging  to  me:  the  possessive 
case  of  the  pronoun  /in  the  singular.     Compare  U  l  N  l 
[  <  AS.  mln,  of  me,  <  ml,  mo.] 

my-ce'll-um,  1  mai-sl'li-um;  2  my-ce'11-um,  n.     Bot.     The 
thallus  or  vegetative  portion  of  a  fungus.     [       <  ,r    m ■■,.'. 
fungus,   +  hUos,  nail.]     my'rclci. — my-ec'll-al,  a. 

My-ce'nae,  1  mal-si'm;  2  my-cB'n6,  n.     An  ancient  city  of 
Greece;  destroyed  468  U.  C.    Its  ruins  were  excavated  1  ^T'i 
1877. — My"ce-n;e'an,  a. 

my-cc'to-,  my'cct-,  1  mai-sl'to-,  mal'sct-;  2  m  ,   cl 

cet-.    From  Greek  myitis,  mytSt-,  Fungus:  combining  I 

— My-ee"to-zo'a,  n.  pi.  Protoz.  A  class  of  protozoan  oc 
currlng  on  damp  surfaces  exposed  to  atmospheric  all    and 

which  feed  on  organic  debris.     |l    Or.  zOon,  animal.]      m>- 

ce"to-zo'an,  a.  &  ».— my-ct>"tn-zo'on,  n 
my-col'o-gy,   1    moi-kel'o-ji;   2    my-e81'o-4y,    ".     The 

science  of  fungi.     [<  Gr.   myh   ,  fungus,     I    -OLOOT.] 

my"ce-tol'o-gyt.—  my  "co-log  'lc,  a. 
myk'elt,  a.    Same  as  miiki.b. 
myn-licer',  1  moln-her'  or  mln-hlr';  3  myn ■her'  <"  mln  '"  '  '■  " 

I.  Sir;  mister:  a  title  of  address  In  Holland,     9.  Hence,  B 

Dutchman.    [D.] 
my'o-,  my-,  1  moi'o-,  mal-;  2  my'o-,  my-    From  Orel 

muscle:  combining  forms.   -  my-og'r.'i-phy,  //.     A  scientific 

description  of  muscles.     [+    <ir.  ffraphO,  Write  I      my-Ol'o- 

gy,  n.  The  scientific  knowledge  of  the  muscular  system. 
[-1-  -looy.]— my-op'a-thy,  n.  Dl  ea  eol  a  run  ole  [H 
Gr.  pathos,  suffering.]  my"<»-path  'l-al.     in>  "o-p.il  li  'lc,a 

my-o'pi-a,  1  mai-o'pi-;>;2  iny-o'pi-.'i. //     Defect  in 

near-sigh  todnuaa.     '  <"  LL.  my/p;;   "■    >.nni-i;.]     liiy'o- 


pyt-  —  my 'ope,  'i.  One  who  is  near-sighted.  | 
myops.  short-sighted,  <  myd,  close,  +  Ops,  eye.]  in")  'opst. 
— my-op'le,  a. 
myr'i-,  myr'i-a-,  1  mir'i-.  mir't-a-:  2  myr'l-,  mvrM-a-.  From 
Greek  myrios,  numberless  (<  myrioi.  ten  thousand):  com- 
bining forms.— myr'i-a-gram,  mjr'l-a-ir'icr.  ni\rl-.i- 
me"ter,  n.    in  the  metric  system,  10,000  grams,  liters,  or 

meters.     See  METRIC  system. 

myr'i-ad,  1  mir'i-ad;  2  myr'i-ad.  I.  »,  Composed  of  a 
very  large  indefinite  number;  innumerable.  II.  n.  1. 
A  vast  indefinite  number.    2.  Ten  thousand. 

myr'i-a-pod,  1  mir'i-e-ped;  2  myr'i-a-p6A    I.  a.    Per- 

taming  to  the  Mijriapoda.     II. 
n.     One   of  the   Mijriapoda. —    }( 
Myr"i-ap'o-da,     n.    pi.     En- 
tom.     A  subclass  of  insects  or 
class   of   arthropods  with   nu- 
merous pairs  of  legs,  as  centl-  2 
peds.      [<   MTBIA  +  Gr.  pous   ■ 
(porf-),fo„t.]Myr"I-op'o-<la:.    j.  Round  Myriapod.    Vt 
-myr"i-ap'o-dan,  a.&n.-       2.  Flat  Mvrlapod.    '/i 
myr"i-ap'o-dous,  a. 

Myr 'mi-don,  1  mfrr'mi-dan;  2  myVmi-don,  n.  1.  One 
of  a  warlike  people  of  ancient  Thessaly,  represented  as 
followers  of  Achilles  in  the  Trojan  war.  2,  [m-]  A  reck- 
less servitor  or  retainer.     Myr"mi-do'ni-an,  o. 

My'ron,  1  mal'ran;  2  my'ron.  n.  A  Creek  sculptor  (5th  cen- 
tury b.  C);  Runner,  Discobolus,  etc.— My-ronlc  "• 

myrrh,  1  mur;  2  myr,  n.    1.  An  aromatic  gum  resin  that 
exudes  from  several  trees  or  shrubs  of  Arabia  01 
sinia.     2.  Any  shrub  or  tree  thai  yields  the  gum.     [< 
Or.L+As  myrrha,   <    Ar.   murr,  bitter.]      imr'rhln,   n.     A 

resinous  principle  contained  In  myrrh,    myr'rhlnet. 
myr'tl(cp,  1  mfir'tl;  2  myr'tl,  n.  I.  A  tree  or  shrub  6  to 

20  feet  high,  with  glossy  ev<  I 

leaves,   fragrant    white  or  ros< 

ored  flowers,  and  black  berries.    2. 

One  of  various  other  plants  like  the 

common   myrtle.      3,  [U.   S  | 

periwinkle:   an  improper  use.     [1  It. 

<  Per.  mUrd,  myrtle.] 
mys'cre-antf,  n.    Sa 
my-self ',  1  moi-self';  2my-s6lf',  pron. 

1;  me:  emphatic  form  of  Zand  me, 

and  rollexh  e  ol  nn 
mys"en-form't,  v.   Same  as  lasnnroBK. 
mys'er-et,  n.   Same  as  misery. 
My'sl-a,  1  mlsh'i-s;  2  mysh'l-a,  n.     An 

ancient  district   in  N.  W.  Asia  Minor; 

it  included  the  Troad. 
My-sore',  1  nmi-sor';    2  my-»Br' 

A  native  state  of  B.  India 

m.;   pop.   5,806,193.     2.  Its  capital,  a        True  Myrtle. 

trade  center;  pop.  71  ..'((l(i.  a,  (hi  I 

Myst.,  abbr.    Mysteries, 

in  >  s-  te  'ri-ous,  1  mis-tl'n 
mys-te'ri-iis,  a.     Involved    in   or    implying   mj 

Syn.:  abstruse,  cabalistic,  darl  I,  bidden,  In- 

comprehensible, Inexplicable,  inscrutable,  mystic,  n 

obscure,  occult,  recondite,  secret,  transcendental, unfatl i- 

able,  unfathomed,  unknown.    That  is  mysterioui  in  the  true 

sense  which  is  beyond  human  comprehension,  us  tin  il 

of  <  sod  or  the  origin  ol  life.    That  is  mysHc  or  mystical  which 

b&s  associated  with  it  BamehUldm  orrrconrftti  moanli 

peclally  ol  a  rel  "'  ""' 

Apocalypse     That  Is  Sari  whloh  wo  can  not  i 

through, especlall)  Ifsadl)  perplexing;  as,  a* 

That  la   ecret  whloh  Is  lntentlonall]  hidden     See  dark;  OB- 

bcub '■"'      —  i  l  mi 

mys-te'rl-ous-l] ,    ;      mj  ■-te'rl-ouB-no 

mys'ter-y1,  I  I    '• 

Sum.  i  Ime'  mi!  ivw  n,  unoxplaitu  d,  oi  im  ompn  I 
in  its  oature     '-'- 
connected  with  the  sei  rel  ' 

i      enl        I)  [N.  T.)  Trutl 

ealed     I.  Anyi  ofgma     I  -    Oi 

BD         lel'V    | 

mys'ter-y,  n,    I  n  »",  pi  1    I.  A  '•"      I  dm 

i i 

\  ,,  ,,ie,  occupation     I  Mi  ":"lr  I 

my  s 'tic,      i 

mys'tl-cal,  i  1.  R 

- 1.     '.*.  Perl 
|,   :  i  ,,!,,,'  o  hiddi  n 

,,,x    -in  .        Om    vho  |  .mm.-  illu 

or  rc||,  i""    In    ii"i 

mys'tl-ral-l] .  mys'tl-<  »1  "•  ",s     "-'  '-'■• 

„  '  i 

,,,„i  belli  f  that  man  may  attain  m  nn 

neas  o  '  '"•'      """  '  ■  " 


'.  Asia  Minor;    4\ ''\jfi»     , 

ny-eCr-,  n.     I.    V^      I     ^ 
ia;   29,44  t  bq.     * 


m>  iti 
\  it  li  in 


1   o 


iu>  iti 


i 

MM   t  tl     I  -«   J»  I  .  I 


>        ,  :   fill!.  rftlo;  I.wt,  bOrn; 

,         ,  .  I        I  I  I  .1        ■•        \\OII, 


1 


.l-li. 


m)  -ih.. i 


i 


nnlli'ii- 
|og   I-,  il.  in>  (h"o- 

muii  ..  lot  i.  ii-h  .  my-thol'o-fUt, 

in  expound  my- 

Ihul    .-i.lt    .r  .g|l    .r     .       lll)-(llnl  'ii-ul/i'.  I.   I        I" 

II  I 

oi   r.  lata 


i  a 
no  ih.. 

M.X    I- 1 


«ti  v  -I  li..l  '•• 

ihology. 

it. .  . 


N 


N  D  R^man. 

V  n.  | 

-n. 

new.-  n  . 

n  >, 

N       V 

S  .   . 

\    .       -:       im 

if  the  boat:  ci 


Jill 


./• 


•ri|it. 


North* 

■ 

in  cap- 

]    [Colloq  ]    To 


- 

1 . 
has  amaaw  '-'■     s 

na» 

'-. 

wner  "f  :i  vlnc- 

. 

I-',  1  no'ael'  I 

! 

.    carries   the  motor, 
PMMocm  etc.    [F  ! 

cer,   n.     Mother*of*pearL     [F  ] 

nark'cr::   na'k.r-.      n.i  i  n-oii- . 


i  ilir. 


>'«"»>-<i'ki.  : 

N    v. 

'   • 
mAjQulAciunu 

Na'huiii. 

Na'la.1. 

I 

na-lf  . 


1 . 

inds;  the  lowest 
'.'.  A  hive  under  the 

none. 

Nothing. 
1  rd'val;  2  n 

ii. i  \ .    :  in  ii    .     ii. i-  'rose,  i. 

.  ■ 
atinually.    [  •        -  ,  gnaw  ] 

;  pony.     [  <  D. 

p».    A  seaport  In 

\  manufacturing  city 
n  i  k-.i->a:. 

;mr.  n.    A 
linlla;  pop.  101,415. 

mm;  2  n&'huro.  n.    1.  A  Hebrew  minor  proph- 

ot  nl'&d,  n.    [Xa'ia- 
r*nymph.    2.  [n-]  A 


Dale 

mil. 


" 


earn  i 
II. 


I 
masculine  torm.    2.  11a 

naU- 

I.  1 

.'. 

■  '.. 

* 

A  thin  • 

:. 

. 

•  i  nguished  as 

,/our- 

. 

-.  inches.    5. 


Hiiman  Nail. 


A  callosity  on  the  inner 


i 
7  V 


hail  ] — 

ii. ill  •  ii.  i   .  ikln  ui«. ii  » blob  iiin 

nail 'rr,  n.      1 

ol  or  dealer  iii  nails.     "■!.  <  >ne  w  bo 
ii. ill  it-\  ,  •     \  place  «  here 

n. .fold. 
The   duplication   ol   the  skin  that 

BUTTO  i  all. 

ii.iin ' k.  I  m  n     ik  or   nan'suk;   2 

■ 
K  '1  nr  plain.     [ < 
Hind,  notsuvJth.] 

IKl-lli'',   1   n.i-ix  ';    2 

lUant.      [  <   I 
f.-m    Ol  WATTY1    I 

n    -n  eljTi 
u.i"n.    'le'.   !   D  I "i  ■    '        8  naTv*- 
Ol   being   naive. 
(l.l  In 

lia'kcil.  1  i.     knl;    2  na'ked,  a.     1.     ••  "  '  ■«nr-B»H. 

Saving  no  clothes  on;  nude;  bare.  ;vlr        ;      . 
•.'.   u  ii  ':■  '    shelter; .-,  •  ..i.«i» 

defen  I  tute.     8.  u  ith-'    -  •*■  f"11- 

out  concealment;  plain. 
4.    7.1ft.      Devoid   ol   epidermal 
growths  (hairs,  Bcales,   feathers,  etc.),    [<AS.  Raced, 
nude.]     na'kcil-Iy,  adv.  —  na'ked-ness,  «     I.  Tbi 
ol  being  naked;  lack  ol  clothing,  covering,  means  ol  di 
:.  The  genitals. 
na'ker!t,  n.     An  ancient  drum,  especially  a   kcttk-driim. 
[<  OF.  nacre,  <  At.  naklr.]    na'keret;  na'ker-> t.  —  na'- 
ker-lnt,  a. 
na'keret.  n.    Same  as  nv  kk. 
\a 'ma-land,  1  nfi'mn-land;  2  n-i'ma-hind.  n.    The  S.  coast 

•  ■  ■  rman  Southwesl  Africa, 
nam"!))   pam'l))  ,  1  n.-irii'lii'pam'lii;  2  num'bypam'by.    I*  a. 

\\  eakly  Bentlmental;  Insipid;  inane.    II.  n.    \\  rltlng  or  talk 
of  a  feeblv  Bentlmental  or  finical  character.    [<  Ambrose 
Phillips  (1671-1749),  a  sentimental  poet.) 
naine.  i     I.  .7.    [named;  nam'ino]    To  give 

me  tn;  call  by  name;  nominate;  affirm.  II.  n.  1. 
The  appellation  by  which  a  person  or  thing  is  known.  2. 
A  title.    8.  General  reputation.    4.  A  person,  cause, 

thiiiR,  or  class,  or   the  claims  or  authority   thereof,   as 

repp  sented  l>y  I  hi  lis  of  decency. 

S.Anoppi  ipellation.    [< AS. nama, name.] 

Syn.:  agnomen,  appellation,   cognomen,   denomination, 
■   style,  title.    Namt  In  the  most  general 
Includes  all  other  words  ol  this  group;  In  the  d  ore 
limit.  :  lion  is  descrip- 

il     in  the  phrase  William  the  <  lonqueror, 
king  of  England,  William  Is  the  i  which  belongs 

to  liim  personally,  Independently  of  any  rank  or  achieve- 
ment; Conqueror  itton  which  be  won  bj-  bis 
[land;  kiny  is  the  tttlt  denoting  his  royal 
rank                         bj  derivation  something  placed  upon  a 
a  or  thing;  the  cpv.hu  does  not  strictly  belong  to  an 

'  like  a  name,  but  Is  given  to  murk  some  assumed  Char- 

tlc,  good  or  bad.  now  usually  the  latter     An  epithet 

Is  al'.1.  0*  a  word  or  phrase  used  as  an  ad- 

jective, and  is  properly  used  to  '  charactertotlc 

but  not  to  add  Information,  as  In  the  phrase  "the  sovjiding 
the  Idea  that  an  epithet  is  always  opprobrious,  and 

that  any  word  used  opprobrlou  popular 

error.     In  sit/nation  may  be  <:^-<\  DUCfa  In  the  sense  of  appcl- 

,  out  is  far  broader  and  more  general  in  meaning;  a 
designation  properly  n  called  rests  upon  some  Inherent  qual- 

hfle  an  appellation  may  be  fanciful.  One's  personal 
name.  BS  John  or  Mary.  Is  (.'Iven  In  Infancy,  and  Is  Often 
called  the  given  name  or  '  •  ■ .  or  simply  1 1 

name.    The  cognomen  or  turnamt  i    the  family  name  which 
•in  of  birth  or  marriage.    In  modi 

pea  on  or  house  is 
known  In  official  or  business  relations;  as,  the  name  and  mule 
of  Baring  Brothers.  A  denomination  is  a  specific,  and  espe- 
cially a  collective  name;  the  term  Is  applied  to  a  separate 


1:»=  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    mi  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  sin<7;    fhin,   this. 
525       2:wQlf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


myth 
Nathan 


religious  organization,  without  the  opprobrious  meaning 
attaching  to  the  word  sect;  also  to  money  or  notes  of  a  cer- 
tain value;  as,  the  sum  was  in  notes  of  the  denomination  of 
one  thousand  dollars.    See  term. 

— nam'a-bl(ep,  a.  That  may  be  named,  name'a- 
bl(ept. — name'less,  a.  1.  Having  no  name  or  reputation. 
2.  Not  fit  to  be  named,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  re. — name'ly,  adv. 
That  is  to  say;  to  wit. — name'sake",  n.  One  who  is  named 
after  another. 

Na"mur\  1  na'miir';  2na*miir'.  n.  1.  A  province  of  S.  W. 
Belgium;  1,413  sq.  m.;  pop.  364,319.  2.  A  cathedral  city 
In  this  province;  pop.  32.500;  entered  by  Germans,  1914. 

nane,  1  nen;  2  nan,  a.  &  pron.  [Scot.]   None;  no. 

Nan'cy,  1  nan'si  or  (F.)  nah'si';  2  nan'cy  or  (F.)  nan'cy',  n. 
A  manufacturing  city  of  E.France;  pop.  119,949;  Charles 
the  Bold  of  Burgundy  defeated  by  Swiss,  Jan.  5,  1477. 

nan-keen',  1  nan-kin';  2  nan-ken',  n.  1.  A  buff«colored 
Chinese  cotton  fabric.  2.  pi.  Clothes  made  of  nankeen. 
nan-kin'J. 

Nan"king',  1  nan'kin';  2  nan'klng',  n.    Same  as  Anking. 

Nan'seu,  1  nan'sen;  2  nan'scn,  Fridtjof  (1861-  ).  A 
Norwegian  arctic  explorer  and  naturalist. 

Nantes,  1  nants  or  (F.)  nant;  2  nants  or  (F.)  niint,  n.  A  ca- 
thedral city  of  W.  France;  pop.  170,535. — edict  of  Nantes, 
an  order  granting  freedom  of  conscience  to  Protestants, 
issued  by  Henry  IV.  of  France  in  1598  and  revoked  in  1685 
by  Louis  XIV. 

Nan-tuck'et,  1  nan-tuk'et;  2  nan-tuk'et,  n.  An  island  off  the 
coast  of  Massachusetts;  length,  15  m. 

Na-o'mi,  1  ne-o'mi;  2  na-6'mi,  n.  Bib.  Ruth  1,  2. 

nap,  1  nap;  2  nap.  I.  vi.  [napped1;  nap'ping.]  To  take 
a  nap;  be  off  one's  guard.  II.  n.  A  short  sleep;  doze. 
[  <  AS.  hnappian,  nap.] 

nap,  n.  1.  The  short  fibers  on  the  surface  of  flannel,  silk 
hats,  etc.,  forming  a  soft  surface  lying  smoothly  in  one 
direction.  2.  A  covering  resembling  the  above,  as  upon 
some  plants  or  insects.    [  <  AS.  noppe.] 

Nap.,  abbr.    Napoleon. 

nape,  1  nep;  2  nap,  n.  1.  The  back  of  the  neck,  especially 
its  upper  part.  2.  The  back  of  a  fish  next  the  head. 
[<  Ice.  hnappr,  button.) 

na'per-y,  1  ne'par-i;  2  na'per-y,  n.  [-iesz,  pi.]  An  article 
of  household  or  personal  linen,  or  household  linen  col- 
lectively. [<  F.  napperie,  <  nappe,  <  L.LL  tnappa,  a 
cloth.) 

Naph'ta-ll,  1  naf'ta-lai;  2  naf'ta-ll,  n.  Bib.  Son  of  Jacob; 
ancestor  of  the  tribe  of  that  name.    Gen.  xxx,  8. 

napb'tha,  I  1  naf'fha;  2  nftf'tha,  n.     A  light,  colorless, 

rial'  'ttiap,  )  volatile,  inflammable  oil,  now  distilled  prin- 
cipally from  petroleum.     [L.,  <  Gr.  naphtha.] 

Na'pler,  1  nep'yar  or  ne-pir';  2  nap'yer  or  na-pcr',  n.  1.  Sir 
Charles  James  (17S2-1S53),  a  British  general  in  the 
Peninsular  war  and  in  India.  2.  John  (1550-16171,  a 
Scottish  mathematician;  invented  logarithms.  3.  Robert 
Cornells,  Lord  N.  of  Magdala  (1810-1890),  a  British  gen- 
eral in  the  Indian  mutiny  and  in  Abyssinia. 

na 'pi-form,  1  ne'pt-[or  nap'i-Jferm;  2  na'pi-[or  nap'Hform,  a. 
Turnip=shaped;  large  above  and  small  or  slender  below;  as,  a 
naplform  rootstock.    [<  L.  napns,  turnip,  -f  -korm.1 

nap 'kin,  1  nap'kin;  2  nap'kin,  n.  1.  A  small  cloth,  as  of 
linen,  for  use  at  table,  etc.  2t»  A  handkerchief.  [  <  F. 
nappe,  <  L.  mappa,  cloth.) 

Na'ples,  1  ne'plz;  2  na'plg,  n.  1.  A  province  In  S.  Italy;  351 
sq.  m.;  pop.  1,310,785.  2.  Its  capital,  a  seaport  city;  pop. 
678,031. 

nap'less,  a.   1.  Made  without  a  nap.   2.  Threadb ar< 

Na-po'lc-on,  1  na-po'li-;>n;  2  Qa-p5'le-on,  n.  I.  N.  I.  See 
Bonaparte.  2.  N.  II.  (1811-1832),  son  of  Napoleon  Land 
Maria  Louisa  of  Austria:  never  ascended  i  brone,  3.  N.  III. 
(1808-1873),  nephew  of  Napoleon  i.,  emperor  <>r  the  I  rench 
1852-1871;  died  in  England.  4.  [n-]  a  former  French  gold 
coin,  worth  20  francs.  5.  Card  playing.  (1)  A  form  of  euchre. 
(2)  The  taking  of  all  the  tricks  In  Hi  Is  game  by  one  player. 
6.  A  kind  of  rich  Iced  cake.— Na-po"le-oii'lc,  a. 

nap'py',  1  nap'i;  2  nap'y,  a.  Having  or  characterized  by  B 
nap,  or  abundance  of  nap  or  pile;  shaggy. 

nap'py2,  a.  I.  Inclined  to  fall  asleep;  drowsy.  2.  Tending  to 
produce  drowsiness  or  intoxication, 

nap'py.n.    |Scot.)   Strong  ale  or  beer    I      happy*,  a.] 

Nar-cls'sus,  1  iiur-sls'us;  2  oar-cls'us,  n.     I.  Or.    14 

youth  who  fell  in  love  with  his  own  Image  reflected  In  a  i i 

and  pined  away,  but  was  changed  by  the  gods  Into  the  flower 
of  this  name.  2.  A  genus  of  flowering  plants,  including 
the  daffodil  and  Jonquil,  or  a  plant  oi  Bowerol  this  genus. 

See  FLOWER. 

nar-cot'le,  1  nar-ket'ik;  2  aar-eot'ie.  I.  a.  Saving  the 
quality  of  can  ing  narcosis  or  stupor,  iiarVoscl; 
nar-cot'l-calj.  II.  n.  Any  one  of  variou 
as  opium,  that  in  in. . 1 1.  in  J  .1.,  reli  es  pain  and  in- 
duces sleep,  and  in  largi  doses  produ 
death.  [<  Gr.  narkoliko.i,  <  narki,  torpor.]  DAP-CO'- 
sls,  n.    Narcotic    poisoning,      nar-ro'uiaj.  -nar-cot'l- 


cal-ly,  oi/r— nar'eo-tin.  iiurYo-tlnc.  n.  An  alkaloid  de- 
rived from  the  aqueous  extracl  of  opium.-  narVo-tlMii, 
n.  The  influence  or  effect  ol  narcotics;  narcotic  stupor. — 
nar'co-tlze,  vt. — nar"cu-(l-/a'lioii.  it, 

nard,  1  nurd;  2  niird.  n.     1.  Spikenard  (the  plant,  oil,  or  oint- 
ment),     'i.    Any    one   Of   several    aromatic    plants   09 
(mostly  species  of  valerian)  formerly  used  in  medicine.  [I'er  1 
—  nard'ln'e,  a.    nard'>:. 

na'res,  1  nf-'ri/. :  2  na'res.  n.  pi.    [na'ris.  1  nc'rls;  2  na'ris.  sin<j  ] 

1.  Openings  into  the  nose  or  nasal  passages     8.  The  nostrils. 

[L., pi. of narte, nostril.]— na'rl-al, a.    nu'rie:;  na'rin  e  : 
nar'ghi-le,  1  nur'gi-le^  nar'gi-Ie. n.    Same  BSHOOEJL  [Turk.) 

nar'gt-lel;  nar'gl-lehl. 
nar'ra,  1  nar'a;  2  nar'a.  a.  [Scot.)  Same  as  n  vu-y 
uar-rate',  1  na-ret';  2  na-rat',  vt.  &  vi.    [-bat'bd*;  -k\i- 
ing.]     To  tell  or  relate,  as  a  story,  in  orderly  fashion. 
[<    L.  narro  (pp.  narratus),  relate!     Syn.:  see  km  \n 
nar-ra'tion,  n.    I.  The  act  of  narrating  the  particulars  ol  an 
event,  or  series  of  events,  in  the  order  of  (line  or  occurrence. 

2.  That  which  Is  narrated:  a  narrative.  Syn.:  see  BUBTORT; 
report.  —  nar-ra'tor,  n.  —  nar'ra-to-ry,  o, 

nar'ra-tive, >  I.  o.     Pertaining  to  narration.    II.  n.    1. 

nar'ra-tivs,  j  An  orderly  continuous  account  of  an 

or  series  of  events.  2.  The  act  or  art  of  narrating. 
Syn.:  see  history;  report;  story. 

nar'row,  1  nar'o;  2  nar'o.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  diminish  in 
breadth;  contract;  make  or  grow  narrow.  II.  a.  1. 
Having  comparatively  little  distance  from  side  to  side 
2.  Limited.  3.  Illiberal;  bigi  ted  1.  Nig  urdly;  par- 
simonious. 5.  Barely  accomplished,  attained,  or  suth- 
cient.  6.  Scrutinizing  closely.  III.  i»,  A  narrow 
passage:  a  strait.  I-  VS  rtearu,  narrow.)  Syn.:  see  unit; 
scanty;  small.  —  the  Narrows,  a  fortified  strait  between 
Long  island  and  States  Island;  chief  entrance  to  NewYort 
harbor;  1}  m.  wide. — nar'row «gairr",  a.  Noting  a  width 
of  track  less  than  the  standard  gage.      nar'roH-l). 

n.  niinded.  a.    of  contracted  mental  scope;  also.  Illiberal 

or  bigoted       Il.  =  llllildc<lncss.  n.      liar 'roM-ncss,  n 
nar'whal,    1    imr'hwal;   2    niir'hwal,    //.      A    large 

whalclike  animal,  having  in  the  male  a  long  straight 

tusk:   valued   for   its   oil   and   ivory.      |  <    8w.    mirhinl, 

narwhal.)    nar'whalcj. 
nar'y,  1  ner'i;  2  ner'y,  a.    [Slang.]    Never  a;  not  one;  not;  DO. 

nar'rot;  nar'rowt;  nar'ryj. 
nas't,  ».   Was  not  (newas).—  n.ist.  i     Has  not  (we  has). 
N.  A.  S.,  abbr.    National  Academy  of  Sciences. 

na'sal,  1  nS'zal; 2 nfi'sal.    La,    1.  Pertaining  to  tie 

2.  Pronounced  through  or  with  the  aid  of  the  nosi        U. 

n.     1.  A  nasal  sound  or  letter,  as  m,     '•!.  Something  in 

the  nose,  or  a  nose«piece.    |1'"..  <  L.  nosus,  nose.]    -I), 

adv.     na-sal'l-ty,  n.  --na'sal-lze,  (/.  *  Vi. 
oas'cent)  1  nas'ent;  2  nas'Snt,  a,    Beginning 

develop.    (<  L.  na«cen(t-)s,  ppr.  of  naseor,  be  born  I 
Nase'by.  1  ue/.'i.i:  :.'  o&s'by,  n.     a  village  m  ernti.il  i  ii 

gland:  ( iromwell  defeated  Charles  I.,  June  14, 1646 
nash'gab",  1  nash'gab";  2  nash'gab*,  n.   [Soot.]    Impudent 

talk. 
Nasirvllle,  i  nash'vii:  2  nash'vU,  »,    a  olty,  capital 

nessee;  pop.  139,000;  scene  ol  confederate  defeat,  I 

and  16,  1864. 
nVso-phar'ynx,  1  nQ'so-far'inks:  2  nfl 

upper  part  of  the  pharynx,  above  and  bol  palaw 

Nas'sau,  n.    l.l  nfl'sau; 

M  duchs :  <<"••■  part  ol  the  ( lerman  provln< I 

Nassau,      '.'•    I    ni  port,   capital   of   tin- 

Bahama  I  land     pop  9,000. 
nas-tur'tliiin,  1  i 

shum  or  -ahi-ttm,  »     I.  \  plant  of  the  geranium  family 

with  rich  Bowers,  commonlj  ot 

•;.   \  rich  reddi  b  orange  oolor,     |l.  I 
nas'lv,  l  n:  r.)    1. 

|.'ilt"l,\  oi  on,  t,  ivclj  'lot  v     '--  Hoi  il  ■  I 

:t.        useou       1.  I<  lolioq  I  1  '■  a bl 

Difficult  to  handle  ,,,  deal  with,    I  •    dial 

01tb.y  I   Sj  n         ii        n  is'tl-lj .  n  i-  u  o. 

S»t.,abbi     National      nat.,  ■'ai|Kl 

na'tal,  L  nfi'tel    2  nA'tal,  a      Perta 

dating  from  birth     [F.,  <  1  l"""  I 

r  i  vt 
\a-lal'.   I    M..  i . . I ' .  -  na  tal'.  ;i      \   British  province  of  the 

Union  of    outh  \<-  m  .  pop   i .  i ■  * »  100 

iia'laui.  1  ne'tsnt;  2  na'tant,  a     !<<■!    i  mmlng 

in  water,  as  the  l( 

witiiiiit  i ...  v\><   of  nolo,  oii.uic.     ii«-t«'- 

Uon,  M.^'tn-tu'rl-al. 

o  i  i  ,  le 

n  i  "la-lo  rl-llill,  n       |   i  i   I  M       ul   -hi   \.   /»/  )    A  awlm 

I    iili 

Natrh'cs,  i  metre. 

river  port  In  H  \\  pop  1 1.800 

Nath.,  inacl  Ibukod  imvid     -" 

Na'tliaii.    I    n. 'Hi. .ii.  2   n.a'tliati.   n,      A    l|e|,rc-w    DTOPl 


\   illl.UI.nl  n  1  i  ■  ot.  Ar;    full.  rOL- .    DVt,  I.ftrn; 

in  i  r..-  .     .    .     i       ii      .  ■  i     i      i      x .  m 

>,  ..      III. I    .  N   .  .     -I  . 


\   ,       '     ,n    l    . I 
M  ■Hi.     I. 

Ill     III. -Ml 
I 

•         I 
I  ■ 

;  I. 

-|j  .  II. I     tlull-.ll-l«lll. 

I 

I 

I 

m  lion-  1I-1-1 .  ill-ty,  I. 

i 
i 

m   II. .11-  >l-l/.  -1-.  .  Il.l't  h.ll-.il- 

k-aa  n  mi. 

hi   1 i>  •  .  I.  1.  It..rn  ..r  prodl] 1 

hi  111    .  hi  which  one  lives;  India 

3.   Inlinrii; 
1. 

imturnl.  original 

l)j    birth:   hum/  that 
•.  ;  thai 
I  rhuracter  or  boltiK 
..f  Ms  natal  ■ 

n.:::.  -.in  ui  \  i  .     NATURAL 

ra.iv  quired,  alien,  artlfii 

II.  I .  product  of,  :i  given  coun- 

mmon  to  a  country.    |  < 
hi  th  e»lj   . 
-ii   --  .  na-tli  1-tj ,  i  I.  Thi 

ill  .  the 
».  i    ■■  condi- 

tion •  '  r\  iiii-m;  the  condition  of  a  native, 

of  ■ 

:  i-tu:  su'i  i-t  -i  ]    !i  ;olloq  ] 
n    ot  si  vr>,  a.\    Syn.:  see 
nil  '  1 1 — I  > .  ii. il   ll-n.  - 1, 

nat'u-r.il.  il'yu-]r»l;  2  i  t'ytt-]- 


ii  >'    ..r.l 
ml  l). 


I.         I .  I  n  iture;  also,  indige 

'.'.  .         v  it  | in  ..In.-. •<  1  by  nature. 

1.   I   oming  within 

5.  I  ..r  artificial;  un- 

i..  ;.  bast    rd     8.  Pro 

ti.  <  !i mnected  by 

10.  •  'harped  nor  • 

II.        i  ■;.  \  born  fool.    [F.,  < 

■    I  OIOION;    in- 

Ht.»  •  il:  phybh  m.;  radical. 

natural  history,  •    it  form  ol  h  itorj  whoa 
:  fr..m  man    • 
n.  philosophy,  pi      ■      formerly  the 

II.     M  1.1   Mull  f    BVOlU- 

Indivldual  variations  nr  pecullari- 

i  ■  rtain  environment  tend  i<> 

>    .  ■.  al  nf  the  ii' 

nai  ii-r  ii-i-ni .   .      i  of  nature;  uncivilized 

or  u:  -  ;.  The  doctrine  thai 

all  phenomena  m..  distinguished 

lUSCSL      3.    7 

mar.  4.    .in    i  'areful  ad- 

nal  'u-ral-lst,   '.      1.  '  Ine  vi 
nataral  sciences,  as  a  r  t.     2.  One  who 

nat"u- 
r-i!-l-  Mi  .  I .  with  nature;   do)   i 

nines  ol  naturalism. 
ii  ii  'u-ral-lze     -  -!-••.  I 

n    by  natural 
- 

i   H"ii        --i'i|..n.  nil  'u-r.il-l) ,  nat 'u- 

ral-n 

ti  » 'tare,  a  or  na'tdr,         I . 

i  ii  contains 

.'. 
rived  from  birth  or  origin. 

i  ■  ,  <  L. 

rn.]  Syn.:  see  (  hab- 
;f.r. 

naught.                            I.  ,,i      II. 

I.                                                  '.'.  III. 

see   •  n  nik'h  'ty,  ■  •  i  oh'i  i- 

OT.]    1.  Perverse  and  disobedient.    2.  Unfavorable  or  unfit. 


.       I,  M, 


<<<?% 


D 

^ 


NaUtllU 


hi.    H 

I Il      1  111    .  K  II      Ii      II' 

i.  ..i    the 

:  mil  an  impulse  iii  vomil . 

nlil-  ..I  loot  !  I  ' 

ii. in  ||  I     ■  i       |-AT*I  D*       *  l 

"i   ..:    ||  B|    i 
ii  in      .  -..n  -.  -I), 

-n.  --. 

ii  ml   . 

ii.iuli  Ii.  1  nftcl       'i  'ii  Ii.  'I     I  Aiikio-lml  I    In  li"l 

pi  nelp  i  Ii  ature  of   » bleb  Is  the  per- 
ncc  of  dancing,  nit  1 1     i      Ellnd   noV  n,  d 

ii  nihil  '  ulrl",     ii         A     profl 

he  ii:iiinii 

nan  ii-cal.   i    mi'ii  K..I.  P ning  to 

uni  u.   or   ii-ii.  igation.     I  •     ( lr    naiUii 

li  ill    II.  II. ill    ll-r.il-lv  . 

Svn:  marine,  maritime,  naval,  ocean,  oceanic     Marine 

onglng  in  tho  ocean,  martffmi  borderliu r 

acted  with  the  ocean  produots;  marttu  ani- 

itlons;  marUimt  laws     Yami  refers  to  the 
armed  fnri-i"  of  :i  nation  on  the  sea,  and,  i •  v  extei 

Mimiiiir  fort i  ii...  and  rivers;  naui  pi  Imarlly 

anything  oonnected  «nii  -:iti'ir-».  and  hence  with  mi>i i«-*  or 
navigation;  .-is.  ■  nasal  force;  s  nautical  almanac  Ocean, 
used  adjectively,  Is  applied  to  thai  whlob  belongs  i"  or  in 

part  of  the  ocean;  oceanic  may  i"'  used  In  the  tat inse,  but 

clallj  applied  to  that  which  borders  on  (or  ui I,  or  n 

oonnected  with,  or  whloh  is  similar  to  or  suggestive  ol  an 
- 
■  i.i u ' ( i-l ii--,  i  ,,,,'n  Ins;  S  mj'ti-lOjs,  ".    |-i  I,  -i  i  s-i  -'.  pi  ] 
I.   \  Mn.-ill  moUusk  of  south- 
ern  seas,   oreeping   over    the 
bottom    iii.ii    swimming,    as 
formerly    supposed),      ~.     \ 
cuttlefish  with  a  papery  shell, 
paper  nau'll-lns] .     [|..,  < 
Hie  .  --.'iilor  | 

nav.,  aoor.    Naval,  navigation 

N.n  '.i-liii.  1  n:i\  '..-In,.  :.' iiav'a-lio. 
n.    l-iiiis.  1  -lioz;  2 -hOa,  pi.]     An 

Indian  tribe  ol  New  Mexico  and 

ona       Nai  'a-joj.  Ali,,.n  .,,  ...mii,,, 

na'\al,  l   nfi'val;   2  na'val,  a.  striata  iratthwiM    n.i.n.'i  it  i»  •■• 
l.  Pertaining  t"  Bhipe  and  a ""''  l"' "'""■ 
navy     'i.  Saving  a  navyj  relating  to  the  navy.     [<  L. 
navalls,  <  navts,  ship.]    Syn.:  see  nautical, 

\.i"i.i-ri'iii>,  i  iin'vn-rriio;  :_■  n:i  \ ;, -ri'im,  r»,     \  fortified  sea- 
port Id  B.  v7,  Greece;  pop.  8.000;  British,  French,  and  itus- 
eated  Turkish  Oeet,  Oct.  20,  1827. 

\a-\arrr',    1    mi  \.n';   S    n:i-viir',   n.      A    former  kingdom   of 

s  \\ .  Europe,  divided  In  i.r>i-'  between  France  and  Spain.— 

\;i"i;ir-rrsr ',  a    A    //. 

nuve',  1  iii'v;  2  nav,  »     The  main  body  of  a  cruciform 

ohurch,  between  the  aisles,    [OF.,  <  i..  nun's,  ship  J 
na\e  .  //     1.  The  central  part  or  hub  of  a  wheel,    'it.  'I  h 

na'tii,  l  nr'vl;  2  na'vl,  n.  1.  The  depression  <>n  the  ab- 
domen where  the  umbilical  cord  was  attached,  2.  A 
central  pari  or  point.     [<  AS,  nafela,  dim,  of  nafu, 

na'nieil,  n      Having  a  navti;  Bel  as  In  a  navel  or 
hOllOW,      na'tellcilt. 
na-\  le'ii-lar,    1    n,,-\  ik'yii-lar;  L'   iia-vh-'ytj-lar,  a.     1.    Boat" 

shaped.    'I.  Pertaining  to  a  boat.    l<  LL,  naotcvlarti,  <  L. 
la,  dim.  of  ii""..  ship] 

na-\lr'u-lar,  ;;.     I.  A  boneOD  the  Upper  row  of  the  tarsus.    2. 

\  bone  on  the  radial  side  of  the  wrist,  n.  A  large  bone  be- 
hind the  loin!  between  the  second  and  third  phalanges  of  a 

nai  Ik.,  abot       \.'i\  i  .lor. 

iiiiv'i-irale,  l  nav'i-get;  2  nftv'j  Sat,  vt  &  vi     [-oai   i  d") 

-i;m  "im;  ]    1.  To  traverse  or  journey  by  sliip.    '£.  To  di- 

8.  |(  !olloq  ]  To  ini'l  one  ■  way.    [< 

.:■  i . ,       nav'l-ga-bKeP,  a.    i  n  to  be 

navi...  Ii    of  navigation.     ii:n"l-KB-bHi-(y,  n. 

n:n  i-ira-bl'e-ness':.      na\  'l-ga-bl)  ,  nav'i-xa'- 

t Ion,  n,     L  The  ad  ol  navigating.    8.  The  art  of  ascer- 

i.iiiiii  m  and  directing  the  course  of  vessels  at 

S.  I  Toil  ]  Shipping,     nav'l-Ka"(or,  n. 

n;n'ty,   1   nav'i;  \i  nav'y,   n.     [WAV'VB    ',   pi.]   [Eng.]   A 

laborer  on  canals,  railways,  etc,    |Alil>r.  <  mavigatob.] 

na'vy,  1  m"'vi:  2  nft'vy,  n.    [na'viis1,  pi  \    I.  The  entire 

marine  military  force  of  a  country;  also,  the  shipping 

engaged  in  commerce.     '£.  A  fleef  of  ships.     [<   L.°* 

shlii  ]     navy  blue,  a  dark  blue.-    na'vy tyard".  n. 

a  place  for  the  construction,  repair,  or  equipment  of  ves- 

A.-ir,  or  for  their  care  when  oul  ol  commission. 

iia-aai>',  i   i  n.  [Anglo>Ind.]  a  Moslem 

ruler  or  viceroy  In  India;  by  courtesy,  any  person  of  rank 

BOB      t        llmd.  nauwM,  NABOB. 1 
nay,  1  uO;  2  n&.     I.  n.    A  negative  vote  or  voter;  a  uega- 


ri... 


1:»=  final;    ■  —  f.ul.lt^   aisle;    on -out;    ell:    111  — feud;    cliin;    go;    o-trino;    Chin    Uiix     \a(li:m;u'I 

547    2:  wolf,  do;    hook,    Loot;    full,    rule,    cure,    but,    hum;    oil,  boy;  go,    gei         g        n,         in  iii-itm- 


fcive;  denial,     II.  adv.     I.  No:  indii  n.    "J. 

Not  only  bo,  I  <  tee  ne,  not,  •  et,  ever.]  nay'- 
«or«i"t,  n.  1.  a  watchword,  2.  a  byword. 
Naa'a-reth,  1  naz'e -n il  ii .  8  naz'a -rl II  h,  ».  Bf&.  AoltyofN.  E. 
Palestine;  scene  ol  Chrl  it's  childhood;  pop  10,800,  Na/"a- 
rene'i  I.  a,  Of  or  pertaining  to  Nazareth,  II.  «  An  In- 
habitant of  Nazareth;  applied  peclf  to  i  bjrlsi  i  ''.•  Vas- 
art7ic,  or  disparagingly  to  the  early  <  lirl  tlans  by  Oppo- 
nents.     .\'a/.".i-re'aii;. 

Naz'a-riic,  i  naz's-ralt; 2 naz'a  rlt,  n     I.  A  Hebrewwhohad 

assumed  certain  vows,  Including  total 

vi;.   2. Erroneou  ly.aNazarene     I-    Gr  Nazarlti  .  -    Heb. 

nCzuT,  abstain.]    Naz'l-rite;.     Naz"a(or  -U)rlt'l«,  a, 
N.  B.<  abbr.    New  Brunswick,  North  Britain,  North  I 

nota  in  ne  <i...  note-  well).     N.  <'.,  abbr.    New  ( ihurch,  Nori  b 

Carolina  (official)      a.d.,abbr.    No  < l : 1 1 < - .  -  N.  I>ak.,  abbr. 

North  Dakota  (official). 

lie,   I    rn;  :j  in  ,  ./</,      [  \  nhalr  or  <  ihs  |    Not ;  nay  :  never. 

IS.  K.,  abbr.  New  England,  northeast,  northeastern.— N.  E. 
A.,  uOhr.    National  Education  Association. 

Nc-a-'ra,  i  oi-I're;  2  ne  e^ra,  «.  The  name  or  several  nymphs 
and  maiden  i  in  els    leal  pa  toral  poel  ry.    [L.] 

neaf,  l  nlf;  \>  nM,  «.  [Prov.  Eng.  a  Bcol  i  'i  ne  nst  or  band. 
I  <  Ice.  nefl,  iiHt.l 

iic-al'o-gy,  1  ru-al'o-Ji;  2  ne-ftl'o-gy,  n.   The  study  oi  i 
Hon  of  early  adolescent  stages  of  an  animal.    I      Gr.  ni 
young  (<    neos,  new),  )   -loot.]    ne"a-log'lc,  a. 

NTe-an'der,  I  ni  fin'der;  2  ne-an'der,  Johann  A.  W.  (1789 
I860),    a  German  ecclesiastical  historian  and  tl 

neap,  ]  nip;  2  nap,  a,    Low; lowest.     [<Afi  nip 

neap  tide,  the  tide  occurring  one  or  two  days  after  the 
iirst  and  third  quarters  or  the  moon, 

neap1,  «.    i.  a  m-.i|,  tide.   :;.  The  lowesi  ebb;  ebb. 

neap1,  n.  [Local,  U.  8.]  A  wagon*tongue     [Cp  tob.1 

Ne"a-pol'l-tanf  ]  nTe-pel'i  ten;  2  nC"a-poTl-tan,    I.  a.    of 
or  pertaining  to  Naples,  Italy.    II.  n.    a  native  oi  • 
oi  Naple 

near,  1  nir;  2  n6r.  I.  vt.  &.  oi.  To  come  nearer  t<>;  ap- 
proach; draw  near.  II.  a.  1.  Noi  distant  in  place, 
time,  or  degree;  conl  nigh      2.  Closelj  related; 

familiar.     '.I.  Closely  touching  en    I        1.  In 

riding  ur   driving,   placed    on    the    left.     5.    m 
close.     III.  adv.     1.    At    little   di  tance.     'I.    Nearly; 
almost,    3,  In  a  clo  i    relation      1.  Naut     Clo       to 
the   wind).     IV.   /»•  /<      '  !lo  e   by      [ 
compar.  of  nelllt,  near.]    Byn.:  (adjective)  see  kdi 
(preposition)  see  at,     nearly,  adv.    1.  Within  b  Uttli    il 
most.    '£.  With  a  el  to  one's  Intere  t,    •'(.  Ai  no 

great  distance;  narrowly,  4.  Stingily.  '<■  '  lose!]  near'- 
ness,  a.    near'»slgbt''ed,  a.    Shortsighted,    -ness,  n. 

neat1, 1  nit;  2nSt,  a.  1.  Characti  rized  bj  trici  ordi  rand 
tidiness.  2.  Well  proportioned;  trim;  pruce  3.  Clever 
4.  ( Ileal  ''i  exti  ■•  at  •  >u  ma  I  ter.  I  •  L.  n  Uidv  .  tuning.] 
Syn.:  clean,  cleanly,  dapper,  natty,  nice,  orderly,  prim, 
spruce,  tidy,  trim.  That  which  I  clean  i  ilmplj  fre 
soil  or  defilement  of  any  kind  Thing  on  orderly 
due  relation  to  other  things;  a  room  oi  Hy  « hi  n 

every  article  Is  in  place;  ;.  person  Is  orderly  v-iio  habltuall . 
keeps  things  so.  Tidy  d<  notes  thai  which  conforms  to  pro 
prlety  in  general;  an  unlai 

out  ih  noi  lulu.  Neat  refers  to  thai  which  Is  clean  and  tidy, 
witii  nothing  superfluous,  conspicuous,  or  Bhot        i       ■ 

we  speak  of  plain  but  neat  attiri  dea  of  freed 

from  the superfluou   appi    <    In    hep!  peech," 

"a  neat  turn,"  "a  neat  reply,"  etc      \  clean  oul 

raKKci  '  dgi      tineal    tri istdi 

Ih  stronger  than  neat,  Implying  value  and  beaui  ■ ;  a  cheap, 
coarse  dress  may  be  perfectly  neat,  but  would  noi  be  u  i  n  i  d 
in,,     Bprua  Is  applied  to  the   how  and  affectation  o 
ness  with  a  touch  of  imarl  ni     .  and  Isalw       a  ti  i  m  o<  mild 
contempt;  as,  a  iprua  servlng«man  i     a  cer- 

tain shapel .  and  el<  i-:."1  i  i 

grace;  as,  a  trim  suit;  a  trim  figure     Prim  applli  i  to 
else,  formal,  affected  nlo  t}     D 

geetlon  of  smallness  and  i  diminutive  "f 

null,  suggests  miiiui'  i  Ii  ird  the 

exqul  .," '  man  In  a  natty  bu  Im 

COMING       Ant.:  din  f,  dlsordi 

rude,  slouchy,  slovenly,  sollod,  uncared  tor,  un 
iical",  a     Pel  taining  to  bo  Atle 

ncal,  n.    1.  B 

animal.     [<  AS.  !      ne.il 'lierd", 

a  cow«keeper  oi  hi  rd  man, 
'neath,  i  nlfh;  2  ni  i  i,  prep    B<  m 
neb,  1  neb;  2  neb,  n     LTb  beal  or  bill,  as  of  a  bird     '.'. 

'i  hi  i ip,  a    '.i  a  pi  n .  nib     I  '  I 

N'eli.  (Official),  \elir.,  abbl       '  ■'  nraskn. 

Ne'ito,  I  nl'bo  '•'"'    A  mount 

Moses  saw  the  Promised  Land     Dent   ixxll,  49 

Ne-hras'ka,  I  ni  bl  '    ,l"'  N- 

,  i  mral  I  nlted  Btat4  i;  v,  ep.  1,277,760;  i 

Lincoln, 

Nfl>"u-cbad-roa'2ar,   1   neb'vu  ,u-cad- 


res'ar,  n.   E  B    <  ■     ■■<  Bab]  Ion;  de- 

li wish  people 
Into  captivity.    Dan.  I,  i     Neb^n-ebad-nes'tart, 
neb'ii-la,  1  neb'yu-le;  :■  ni  b'j  i. 

luminous  clouoMike  obieel  in  I 

.r  sub- 

stance     |i.]     neb'n-lar, 

nel»"u-los'l-ly,   n.     A   misty  ur  nebulous  a 
in  iiu-ioiis.  ii.    i.  Saving  Its  i 
Like  a  nebula. 

need,    . 

nee'es-s.i-r>.  1  n    'i->f-n ;  2  nl  I.        1.  Being 

or  condition  •  i  hal  i  oecur, 

or  bi  1 1  m     '.'.  i     enl  ill     3.  Comp 

i  atlal,    Indispeni  able,    Inevitable, 
led,  needful,  required,  requisite,  unavoidable,  undeni- 
able.   Thai  which  Ih  an  ntial  bi 
thing,  so  thai  the  think-  can  noi  cxlsi  In  i t ^  compli 
without  ii  .  that  '•'■  hich  i  may  t"-  onlj 

Junct,  inn  ii  is  one  that  can  noi  i  i 

iorer;  worm  clothing 
!,;.     'i  hat  ■■'■  I  i  h  I  or  requlri 

ment  ol  1 1  ■  i n  requiring  it,  bul  not 

onol  teellag  than  thi 
ti  and  unavoidable  are  applied  to  HiInkh 

which  i r  im  ■■  ■  ni.  while  thai 

which  I  mi  el  «  Ith  no  objection;  food 

■  i  ii.ihi, ;  aneei 

thlnkei  Mi  conclu  Ion 

in H I  needful  bio  more  concrete  than  neo    ory,  and  n   , 
en<i  to  i"'  attained,   ■■  bill  . ; ■  t ^   o> 

Is  what  one  can  not  live  without,  while  needful  food 
without    which   he  can   noi    enjoy   comfort,   bealtl 
strength      Ant.:  oa  nal   contingent,  ni  ■ 
opl  lonal,  unnecessan  .  u  i 

to  a  sequence  or  a  >  i  result  or  a  pci unity 

tltuto)   compli  Ion  i-i 

in  ii     u     for  command,  or  for  ■  commander. 

II.    n,     I   in  i :^z,    /''  |     A  ii    i  ■..  ni  ial    i 

net    'e  — -.Tri- 
ad.   I.  ii     Porta  •  1 1    -i     ah  advo- 
cate   Ol    BOO                           iie-i  es"s|-l:rrl-an;.     ni 
sa'rl-aii-lMii.                            doctrine  that  acts  of  volition 
are  predetermined  bi  the  force  of  motlvi  i  within  del 

Ihiii.  I  ne-ees"sl-t.Trl-an-lMii:.      ner'- 

es-sa"rl-ly,  adt     nec'e8-sawrl-neM,  n     ne-ces'sl-tate, 

Vt.  I|H'I 

Byn.:  see  compel     ne-ces'sl-tous, 

-i),  mil     -ness,  ii     ne-ces'sUty,  n     i  m  •'.  pi  i    i 

quallt  ■•  of  bi 

:t.  i  hi  i 

dootrlne  thai  all  evi  Ions  "f 

men,  u 

Syn     I 
I 

requirement .   ■  •  ■  Ino  qua  non,  »  ol 

oi  eli  ni.  ni    i 

l  ttemenl  "f  It 
Impl  In  'he 

clu  Ion  ol  an]  altera  live i   :-,  tl 

which 

ii 

l-lil  DI 

cl io,    ' nilit.    d.. ni. trull,,  w.    iiutii 

fol  i  ni'  .      '"  .  diim.   option.   poHSlllllll  '.  .    U 

the  i 

me 
neck,  I  > 

' 

8,  '. 

ami  neck,  with  i  n    ■•>   mi 

....  i.  .  lot  Ii 

•     '" 
neck'er-chli  i 

,,, ,  i,'ii,-.  „      \n  n    -..i  • 

I.    \ 

i  ii 
Onani  ■ 
uct'ro-,  1  ni  It'ro-i 


IK    -  t 


'     a 


s    i     D 


■ 
ii. . 

m  in    .  .  r  . 

I 

ii.  .     - 

a.  -i  mpli   i- 
ii.  -.  rup  .-Ii-. 

ii.  -.  r. 

I 

!. 


IU«, 

hi  ii.  .  -Ii   rl-.i'. 

in  •    I  ir-ln   ••   .      I. 

\ 

n.   I       I    l-l  v   . 


Ill .  .1 

II. 

IK  .   .1 

Th< 


■    iini'  nf  a 

I. 

in  iilir. 
I 

.'. 

M.  .  il    lir.     .  I 

' 
n.  ,-il  'fill, 

-is .  -Hi's*,         n.  iii leas,   . 

-lj .  -ii.  --. 

nrnl   l-l>  .  ii 

i  i .  .!!.  slender,  pointed 

i  through  ,  „ 
.  in  knitting, 
;:i  a 
4. 

i  <    AS. 
m-c'dM; 

.lli-ful. 

- 

ii.      dli    . 

exploding  th< 

blow  from  a  -: 

nee  'd  I  •  ■-«  "   in  .  n. 

-.    .•;   -•-  II.-.     ill.  -«  ..rk     . 

n     I 

■■.-::■.  <::.'■'■- 

lru:»lth  a  needle.— n..   .11. - 
»..rk 
i  2  tii-di,  adz 

.  with  muit. 
ne*d'y,   1    nld'i;  2   ned'y,  o.     [nm.h'i-er;   nei 

is.— need 'I- 
I  -need'l-iii---. 

hi  ".  r.  :.! ruction. 

ru 
-.  medieval  trading  vessel. 

i  in  the 
tr,  utter.)    B 

:..  -f.l  'rl-OU 

;  i— in---. 

'■    . 
ne-ca'tlon,  i 

I  ■ 


lea    for   teStUU. 

wttba  touchstone.  2 

>acklng« 

■ 

needle.     ~.  8,  9.  lione 
needles. 

Necessarily;  indispensably: 


■ 

- 
[<  I    • 

n  e  K  'a  -  C  1  >  I  .  I 
a-tlv",  ] 

- 
I 

1  • 

'■■ 


.  1 


Hi.  I  by  dental  or 

I  posi- 


I         n          r/ft;   nut.  ftr;  full,  rale;   l>nt.  I>flrn; 
l  --  Stt 

I  ih i biting   i!..  I.   Math    iV 

■  i  i  ilii \   il..   oppi 
-i.   I         il  n  ing  n -lu- 
ll i.         i . 

i  i  Iml  d(  nil        I, 
I.  ruj  the  lights 

...                \  particle  i  mploj 
i..  i .  |.  i'- 
ii.  ..    i  Hi  i   i'   .            Dee  .i-iii  i- i  . 

i  .  I  i.    i  .    '.ui  i.i 

:t. 
Ill      II.  ii      I . 

■I       '!. 
Ilnbitu  il  want  ol  attention  oi 

il  her  I 
.ml.  fiilluri'   ! 
•  ntlon,  iiiiiii;. 

falling  tn  tal  •  !..«  such  attention,  pa)  such  eour- 

e  rlghtfull]  or  reaaonabl)  expected    Nt  <j- 

m  origin,  may  be  used  In  almost 

me  sense,  but  with  a  slighter  force,  us  when  w  hlttlor 

'    ■  lp  loves";  bul  neglU 

Is  often  ns.-ii  in  denote  1 1 n -  quallt]  nr  trait  of  character 

of  which  the  act  la  a  manifestation,  or  to  denote  the  hahlt  ol 

neglecting  that  which  ought  to  be  done    .\  egleest  Is  transitive, 

ol  his  i i-14. 

friends,  or  duties.  In  which  caaea  we  could  not  us 

...  ant  nf  care  as  to  Its  arrangement, 
tldlnc  ( of  one's  garments  would  lmplj  leaving 

them  expo  od  !■•  defacement  nr  injur;.,  as  by  dust,  moths, 

the  child  waa  suffering  from  neglect,  i.  «■..  from  being  neg- 
lected by  Others;  the  Child  was  Buffering  from  mgllgtnct 
would  imply  that  he  himself  was  neglectful,  The  dlstino- 
I  denotes  the  act,  and  rap- 
ine habit,  la  bul  partially  true;  o  ulltj  "f 
habitual  neglect  ol  duty;  the  wlfi                     from  her  hua- 

■.  blob  causes  a 
railroad  accident  may  be  that  of  a  moment,  and  on  the 
part  (if  inn-  ordinarily  careful  and  attentive;  in  such 
the  lau  provides  punishment  fur  criminal   tiegllgenct      i  < >r 
the  trait  uf  character  we  rather  than  ■ 

lOHT.  For  verb  see  loss;  bliobt  Ant.:  see  s..  n<>- 
nyms  fur  I'Uir..- Prep.:  neglect  o/<Iuty:  of  the  child  by  Iho 
parent:  neglect  on  (>:■  part  of  the  teacher, 

neg»lect'a>bl  e -.         neg-lect'er,  n— ncg-lect'fiil, 
a.  Exhibiting  inattentive.  — neg-lect'- 

ful-ly,  a.    neg-iectlng-lj 

neg"U-gee',  1  i  "li-ahe/.    I.  o.    Appearing 

can!  II.  :  nceremonioua  nr  careless 

attire.    I  <   l  neglected  ] 

negligent,  1  neg'U-jent;  2  neg'u-gSnt,  a.  1.  Apt  to 
omit  what  nu^'lit  to  be  done;  neglectful.  ''.  Unconven- 
tional.      Syn.:    see    m<-<  M  itentive  —  iick'II- 

genee,  n.  1.  The  act  uf  neglecting.  3.  An  act  of  neglect. 
:t.  Disregard  fur  appearances,  Synjsee  •  i..ii<  i  iick'II- 
Kent-l>.  ode.-    neg'u-gf-bj(e»,  o.  That  may  be  disregarded. 

ni'-irn'ti-aU',  1  M-gS'sni-et;  2  ne-go'shi-fit,  r.  (-\t"kij'1; 
-at"ini;  ]     I.  t.     1.  To  treat  for  liy  I 

i.r  agreement .    'i.  To  transfer  for  a  value  received,  as  a 

:i.  [<" '. .11- "il  To  accomplish  or  cope  with  buo- 

,lly.    II.  i.    To  treat  or  bargain  with  others.    [< 

otiatue,  pp.  ol  n)«'- 1    Syn.:  see  transact. 

n<-Ki)'ti-:i-i>i<<"',  a.     That    may  be    negotiated.— ne- 

Kn"tl-u-lill'i-t} ,    n.     ne-Ku"tl-a'tlon,  n.    The  act  of  ne- 

gotlatlng.-  ne-go'tl-a"tor,  ». — ne-go'tl-a-to-ry,  a. 

N.-icrll'lo,  InS-grnyo;  2 ne-grTlyo, n.  1.    a  dwarfish Afri- 

..-'■■•■■.    M.I.Illl] 

Ne-gTl'to,  1  ni-grl'to  n.    One  belonging  to  tho 

dwarflsh  negroid  peoples  ol  Malaysia.    |>p]    Ne-Rrll'loj. 

ne'no,  l  .  2  who,  n.  [-obobb*,  7'/.]  One  of  the 
bucks  of  Africa,  or  tie-ir  descendants;  in  a  wider  sense, 
one  belonging  to  the  woollyhaired  type  of  mankind;  a 
black  man:  used  also  attributively.  [Sp„  <  L,  niger, 
black.]  ne'gresa,  n.  fern,  -ne'grold,  a.  Kracmbiing  or 
r  aegro<llxe  peoples.  [<  negro  -f  -oid.] 

in'iiiis  ,  ]  !  n.    A  drink  made  of  wine,  water, 

and  lemon-  I   I.    K  <"ol.  .Y' /  .   .  It  s  Inventor.) 

Ne'gni  .  "     [Abys.]   The  title  ol  the  kings  of  Abyssinia. 

Neli.,  '.■    i  mlah. 

\.  'lie-ml'ali,  1   DTni-mul'e;  2  ne'he-ml'a,  n.     Bib.     1.  A 

D  and  historian,     'i.  The  hook  attributed 

to  him,  recounting  the  rebuilding  of  Jerusalem. 

n.e.i.,-'-     'i. i    Nom  tinventu    (lsnotfound). 

neigh,  1  n«";  2  ne.    I.  ri.    To  utter  the  cry  of  a  horse.    II. 

n.    A  whinny.    [<  AS.  hn&gan,  neigh.] 
iiHi:Ii  'ttor,  l  iie'l<or;2  ne'lior.    I.  it.   To  adjoin  or  border 

on;  live  or  In-  near  to.    II  •  ".     Neighboring.    III.  n. 

1.  One  who  livi  -  near  another.     '£.  One  who  is  near;  a 

friend.    3.  A  fellow  man.     [  <  AS.  nedhgebur,  <  nedh, 


1:3  =  final;    l  =  hablt2    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    T)  =  siri(7;    fhin,    this. 
529  2:  w^lf,  d{»;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this. 


nectar 
nest 


nigh,  +  gcbilr,  inhabitant]  neigh'bourj.— neigh'bor- 
hood,  n.  1.  The  region  near  where  one  is  or  resides;  vicin- 
ity. 2.  The  people  in  the  vicinity.  3.  Nearness.  4.  Friendly 
relations.  5.  A  district  considered  with  reference  to  a  given 
characteristic. 

Syn.:  district,  locality,  vicinage,  vicinity.  See  approxi- 
mation.— neigh'bor-lng,  a.  Adjacent—  neigh 'bor-ly,  a. 
Appropriate  to  a  neighbor;  sociable.  Syn.:  see  amicable; 
friendly. — neigh 'bor-li-ness,  n. 

neist,  1  nlst;  2  nest,  a.,  adv.,  &  prep.    [Dial.]    Next:  nearest. 

nei'ther,  1  ni'thar  or  ncii'thar;  2  ne'ther  or  ni'rher.  I.  a. 
Not  either.    II.  pron.    Not  the  one  nor  the  other.    III.  conj. 

1.  Not  one  nor  the  other:  followed  by  correlative  nor;  as,  lie 
will  neither  go  nor  send.  2.  Not  at  all:  intensive  terminal, 
now  replaced  by  either  except  in  vulgar  usage;  as,  he  has  no 
strength,  nor  sense  neither.    3.  Nor  yet.    [  <  AS.  nOther.] 

Nel'son,  1  nel'san;  2  nel'son,  Horatio,  Viscount  (175S- 
1805).  An  English  admiral;  defeated  French  at  Aboukir 
Bay  (Battle  of  the  Nile) ,  Aug.  1 ,  179S;  Danes  off  Copenhagen, 
April  2,  1801;  and  the  French  and  Spanish  off  Trafalgar, 
Oct.  21,  1805,  where  he  was  killed. 

Nem"a-to'da,  1  nem"3-t6'ds;  2  nem"a-to'da,  n.  pi.  An  order 
of  worms  having  a  mouth  and  intestinal  canal,  some  of 
which  are  intestinal  parasites  in  man  and  other  vertebrates. 
Nem"a-to'de-at. — nem'a-tode,  a.  &  n. 

aem.  con.,  abbr.  [L.]  Nemine  contradicente  (no  one  con- 
tradicting, i.  e.,  unanimously). 

Ne-me'a,  1  ni-ml'a;  2  ne-me'a,  n.  A  vale  in  ancient  Argolis; 
celebrated  for  the  Neinean  games,  one  of  the  four  great 
Panhellenic  festivals. — Ne-me'an,  a. — Nemean  lion  (Gr. 
Myth.),  a  monstrous  lion  slain  by  Hercules  as  one  of  his 
twelve  labors. 

Nem'e-sis,  1  nem'i-sis;  2  nSm'e-sis,  n.  1.  Gr.  Myth.  The 
goddess  of  chastisement  and  vengeance.  2.  [n-]  Hence, 
retributive  justice;  retribution.  [L.,  <  Gr.  Nemesis,  < 
nemo,  distribute.] 

nem'o-ral§,  a.  Pertaining  to  a  wood,  grove,  or  the  like.  [< 
L.  nemoralis,  <  nemus,  <  Gr.  nemos,  grove.] 

ne'o-,  ne-,  1  nl'o-,  ni-;  2  ne'o-,  ne-.  From  Greek  neos,  new, 
recent:  combining  forms,  frequent  in  self-explaining  com- 
pounds; as,  A/eo=American,  etc. — Ne"o=Cath'o-lle,  a.  1. 
Of  or  pertaining  to  a  new  school  in  the  Church  of  England, 
in  avowed  sympathy  with  the  Roman  rather  than  the 
Anglican  communion.  2.  In  France,  pertaining  to  a 
school  of  liberal  Catholicism  opposed  to  ultramontaniam.— 
Ne"osCath'o-llc,  n. — Ne"o=Ca-thol'i-cism,  n. — Ne"o» 
Chris'tian.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  Neo=Christianlty.  II.  n. 
A  rationalist.— Ne"o=Chris"tI-an'l-ty,  n.  Rationalism.— 
ne"o-dym'i-um,  n.  A  metallic  element  forming  rose- 
colored  salts.  See  element. — Ne'o-gene.  I.  a.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  the  later  of  the  two  periods  comprised  In  the 
Cenozoic  era.  II.  n.  The  Neogene  period.  —  Ne"o=Hc- 
bra'lc.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  post>Blblical  Hebrew.  II.  n. 
That  form  of  the  Hebrew  language  used  in  post>Blbllcal 
Jewish  literature. — Ne"o=Lat'in,  n.  1.  Elhnol.  A  group  of 
peoples  based  on  language,  including  the  Italian,  Provencal, 
Rumanian,  langue  d'oc,  and  langue  d'oll.  2.  Modernized 
Latin.— Ne"o-llth'ic,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  later  stone 
age,  with  polished  implements,  spinning,  weaving,  pottery, 
agriculture,  etc.:  opposed  to  I'ulrul  attic  ne-ol"o-gls'llc, 
a.  Tending  to  neology,  especially  in  religion.  ne-ol"o- 
gls'tl-calt.—  nc-ol'o-glsm,  n.    1.  A  new  word  or  phrase. 

2.  The  use  of  a  word  or  phrase,  old  or  new,  In  an  unsanc- 
tioned sense.  3.  A  new  doctrine.  ne"o-lo'gl-ati-ism  | . 
ne-ol'o-glst,  n.  1.  A  coiner  of  new  words  or  of  new  mean- 
ings of  words.  2.  One  who  Introduces  <>r  supnort  i  uew  doc 
trines.— ne-ol'o-gize,  rl.— ne-ol'o-gy,  >;.  1.  The  using  of 
new  words  or  new  meanings.  2.  The  origination  or  adoption 
of  new  views  or  ideas;  rationalism.    3.  \  new  word  or  phrase, 

—  ne"o-log'I-cal,    a.      ne"o-log'leJ.     -Iy, 

ne'on,  1  Dl'en;  2  ne'6n,  n.  f'lum.  A  gaseous  element  « ><-i-iir- 
ring  In  very  small  quantities  in  the  air.  Sec  element.  [< 
'  lr.  neos,  new.] 

ne'o-phyte,  1  ru'o-fait;  2  aS'o-fyt,  n.  1.  \  receni  <■, in- 
vert. 2.  A  novice.  [<  Gr.  neos,  new,  -f  phyd,  produce  ) 
Syn.:  see  convert. 

Ne"o-pla'(o-nlsm,  n.    An  Alexandrian  system  of  philo  oph 

(3d  century)  commingling  Jewish  and  i  leas  with 

Greek  philosophy  ami  Oriental  mj 

new,  +  Platonism.]     ne"o-ler'!c.    1.'/.    Recent  In  origin; 

new.    II.  n.    one  of  modern  times;  ■■<  modern 

modern.    ne"o-ter'ickt.    ae"o-ter'l-cal, a     ne"o-t#r'- 

l-cal-ly,  adv.  -ne-ot'er-lsm,  ".    Thai  which  is  m 

en,  or  recently  Introduced;  the  colnli I  new 

newlv  coined  word       nc-ol 'er-ls(,  n       iii'-ol"cr-ls'llc,  a 

-  .Nc"o-/r>'lc,  a.    Oeol.    of  or  pertaining  i"  the  I 

of  rocks,  as  the  Mesozoic  and  <  ted  with 

the  Paleozoic  or  carliei   roi  '           ■      life. 

zao,  live.]                 [Or.  Myth    !  lies:  sli  «  Pi  lam 

Nc"op-tore-mus,  i  nTep-tel'i  mos;  3  nyon-tol'i  mas,  n, 
Nep.,  abbr.    Neptune. 

Nc-pal',  1  m-pel';  2  ne-pal',  »■     An  Independent 

between  Tibet  and  India. 0  sq     DO  !  po 

Ne-paul't. 


Ne-pen'thes,  1  m-pen'thiz:  2  ne-pen'thes.  l».    1.  Hot.  A  genus 
of  mainly   EaStoJndlan  herbs  or  half-shrubby   plants 
I  Indian   pitcher-plants.     2.   [n-]   A   drug  or  potion  re- 

puted among  the  ancients  to  banish  pain  and  BOIfOH 
Gr.  nepenthes,  free  from  sorrow.  <  ni-.  not.  +  pent!. 
row.]    ne-pen'thej.— ne-pen'thtc. 
neph'ew, )  1  nef'jru or  nev'yu;  2  n8f  yg  "r  nev'yu,  it,     The 
nef'ewp,   J  son  of  a  sister  or  a  brother.     [<  F.  newu,   < 
L.  nepos  (nepot-),  grandson,  nephew  ]-  nep'o-tlsm.  1  nep'- 

o-tizin;  2  Qfip'0-tJsm,  r, .  Favoritism  extended  toward  neph- 
ews or  other  relatives. — ne-pot  'ic,  a. — nep'o-tlst.  n, 

ne-phol'o-gy,  1  ni-fol'o-ji;  2  ne-161'o-gy,  n.  The  department 
Of  meteorology  that  treats  of  clouds.  [  <  Or.  nephos.  cloud. 
+  -logy]     nepti"o-log'i-caI,  n. 

neph'o-scope,  1  nef'o-skop:  :.'  n6t'O-ec0p,  n.  An  Instrument 
used  in  the  observation  of  eh  hkN  to  determine  their  direction, 
elevation,  etc.    [<  Gr.  nephos,  cloud,  +  -- 

nepta'r-,    )  From  Greek  nephros,  a  kidney:  combining 

neph'ro-.  1  forms.  —  nepli'riie,  n.  A  very  hard,  white 
to  dark«green  mineral,  used  by  prehistoric-  man  for  utensils 
and  ornaments,  also  more  recently  for  tine-art  carving  In 
eastern  Asia.  Compare-  ju>i :.  —  ne-phrlt 'i<\  <:.  1.  Per- 
taining to  or  affecting  the  kldni  :.  ected  with  ne- 
phritis. 3.  Of  the  nature  of  nephrite.  Ilc-plirit  'l-calj. — 
ne-phrlt 'lc,  n.    An 

— ne-phrl'tls,  n.  Pathol,  inflammation  of  the  kidneys. — 
nepli'roid,  a.    Shaped  like- a  I.e. 

ne  plus  ul'tra,  1  ni  plus  ol'trs;  2  ne  plus  ul'tra.  Nothing 
more  beyond;  the-  extreme  or  utmost  point :  perfection.    [1.  I 

Ne'pos,  1  ni'pos;  2  nG'pos,  Cornelius,  a  Roman  author  of 
the  i  31  century  B.  < ',. 

Nep'tune,  1  nep'ehun  or  -tiun;  2  nSp'chun  or  -tun,  n.  1. 
Rom.  Myth.  The  god  of  the  sea.  2.  The  most  remote 
planet  of  the  solar  system;  discovered  Sept.  23,  1846 
(as  the  result  of  calculations  by  Le  Verrier),  by  Galle  of 
Berlin.  See  also  Adams,  2.  3.  Figuratively,  tin-  ocean, 
[<  L.  Neptunus,  sea-god  ] 

Ner-bud'da,  1  nar-bud's;  2  ncr-bud'a.  n.  A  river  of  central 
I  .rii  !-)i  India;  length.  7:i")  in.  to  the  Arabian  BOS 

Nc're-id,  1  ni'n-id;  2  nS're-Id,  n.    [\  > 

re-idsz,  pi.]  Gr.  Myth.  One  of  tin-  Bea*nympha.  [< 
Gr.1' Nereis,  <  Neretu,  Nereus,  a  sea»god.] 

Ne'rc-us,  1  nl'n-us  or  ni'rus;  2  nc-'re-us  or  Dfi'rv 
Rom. Myth.   A  wise  sea-god  ruling  the    I 

Ne'ro,  1  ni'ro;  2  ue'ro,  Claudius  Caesar  DrQSUS  «;«tmi.i ul- 
cus c(7  68).    Roman  emperor;  notorious  for  his  crui 
Ne-ro'nl-au,  \e-roii'ic,  a. 

nerve, )  1  nurv;  2  nerv.    1.  it.     \\r.u\  •  mii\'- 

Iierv",  )  inc.]    To  imbue  with  nerve  or  vigor;  BUpply  «itli 

resolution.    II.  n.    1.  Anal,  A  cord«like  Btruoture,  c i- 

posed  of  delicate  filaments,  by  which  sensations  or  stim- 
ulative impulses  an-  transmitted  to  or  from  the  l>rain, 
etc.    2.  A  tendon.    3.  \n\  iliing  likened  to  a  nervi 
rib  or  vein  oi  a  leaf  or  of  an  insect's  wing.    4-    Votive 
strength  or  vigor;  ooolneas;  intrepidity,    .r».  rl   v 
excitability.    (<  L.* nervua, sinew  I     iut'»;»I.-- 

pertaining  to  a  nerve-  or  lo  the  ncrVOUS  system       ner 'i.it.-. 

a.    Hoi     Nerved,     ner-?a'tlon,  n,    The  arrangcmoni  or 

disposition    of    nerve.,   afi    in    p|  D<  I    I  '- 

tun-;.    nerv(e)dB,  ".     Po  lea  >■!  ■-'  nervi       m-r<      ii  - 
her,  n.    one  of  tin-  essential  thread'Uke  units  ol  « 
nerve  Is  composed.     n.»force,  ti      rhe  force  cl 
of  the  nervous  sj  item      nerveless,  ;     Di   tltuto  i 

or  force      -Iy,  adv.     -ness,  n.      ner '» l-iltnl , 

in  a  bone  for  a  nerve.    [<  1  duct.] 

-ncr'tlnu'\  1.'/.  I.  Pertaining  to  tho  nerves  ».  Calming 
or  quieting  to  the  nerves.  II.  n.  An-,  medicine  aotlnu  on 
thenerves     ner'vuret  n,    A.  principal  loaf  or 

an     In  .en's    wing       "er\  ') ,    n         I.I    thll 

stren  '.'.  i  nil  ol  nervo  01 

nco;  oool;  Impudent 
aer'vous.  i  urn  ' .  i  to  or 

affected  by  the  ni  rvi       '-'.  i      il  ■  di  iturbed  •■<  at 

3.    AliiHin.i  •  ■ 

\,,u i     \  item       I        i  nervous 

prostration,  ner'vout-Ijri 

ner'vous-n 
aes'clence,  I 

nes'clent,      i        nei  rlenU 
1st,  n      \ ii  ad\ •-■  it'  --; 
-ik-ss.     \  i  utii    addi  -I  i"  ."ie  oil 

lndobtedn< 

Nes'sos.   I    i 

l>! [ 

neat ',  1  i         i 

I 

ii.        i.  I.,  i 'i  ■  ' 

IK-sl,  I.      I 


III.  tll.K.- 


I  I  -n\    :   I. ill.  I.ftnr, 

ii        i  I  .......  mi  ..      KM 


>.     A. 
6.    \ 


II  I 

II 

\.  —  t.i   n-  in 


I. 


•f  netting,  >.r  re- 

i  after 

■■'IK,    < 


in  Hi  '(  r-»..r>1. 

-      ■      -. 


ml   t  I 

n.  I   111 

...III   . 


lenwork 

iv.ir  morally. 
l  rk;  net- 


- 

under  ]  —  neth'er- 

ihiIi  'i-r--'     t  locking. 

•.  award. 

A  klrn;- 

capltals, 

:  Holland. 

I.  A  penwork; 

I.  ■'      [skt'tlkd:  net'ti.ixc,  ] 
■ 
II.  I .  :  I.,  with 

m  "f  irritation,    f  < 

ml  'He  fi"M-r.    ■ 

n.  r.i  -  J.  ■ .     net 'tier,  l  netfler; 

:■■  by  tightly  twisting 
.  •   1 1,    -i  uif: 

nu'cha'ter', 

2  1 .000. 

-.  nlO'ro-;  2  nQr-.  nO'rl-.  na'ro-.    From 
-neu'- 

p.'llll   along    I'll- 

neu-ral'- 

- 

-ion  Of  Vila;    ' 
—  Hi.  inu-r.i    Hi. n. 

ii.  ii-n    nil-a,   n. 
■'ilmn. 
inii-n    mil  .  in  u  r..  I 

;.   Having  a  m 

M.  u-ri  ii-.  -.  oen- 

Dl   l|    r.l   !  .  Ill  ll-rnl'- 

n.  u"ro- 
H   run.    ■         I 

\.  i j - r ■  ■  [ .  ler-i 
lunru,  esp»-<  •'.:iii(ll- 

inii-r..;.   I.  r.  m  u-rop  'I  .T-il. 

neo-rop'ter-oas,  a     L  Ol 

or  pertalniru- 
>  n»u  r 

■    -.    ■■        ii.  o-ro'sU,  -.     I. 

! 
. -dousness.     Compare   i- T  neu-ro'sal,    a. 

ii.  ii-rni  'if .    I.  .     UJIectfng  or  re» 
.•icrvea  or  nervous  diseases.    II.  n.    A  person 


II.  Ilk. 

■ 

n-  u   rl- 

-    -       -  .1. 
neu-ral'gi-a,  n 

r.  jr..  and  '■'•  ■ '  * '■■ 

glr.  i. 

too' 


■  ■■  ii-ii.i    Dll  ..t  ii  in  r\  . 

^  in  IT  f  ..-I. .in    |l  . 

n.  n-r nil     I  . 

ii.  ill    . 

1 1 1  il    1 1  r .    .  I  I 

I     ■ 
I.  v      4    .   \.  ii- 

ll.        i .  i  work 

;.  utoi  noun     [L.,  • 

in  n  i rail  i.i.!-  lining  from 

2.   i 
t.  -  no  decided  • 

definite:  middling      4.   H living  no  decided  color,  bul 
urunantly  bluish  oi  ■'  '•• 

idi  .1  acid  or  alkaline  qualities     II. 
thai  which  is  m  utnil;  specifically,  n  state 
>.r  nation  thai  refrains  from  aiding  or  interfering  be- 
tween bell  I ..  ru  utralis, 
-I),            inn 'irai-i-m.  '.       ii..    spirit  and  prai 
neutrality,     neu-tral'l-ty,  n, 

in  ii  ir.ii-Ui-.  -I-. .        i    i*o  declare  to  be 

neutral     I.  ro  make  neutral  or  ol t»  i- 

make  neutral  or  Inert,  as  i > >-  the  addition  ..f  an  alkali  to  an 
itlon      iu-u"ir.ii-i-/  i       -    •    i Ion, 
N.-ini- 1  ha"peUe'a  i  !in\  and' pel';  2  nflv  oha'peT.    a  hiu  in 
captured  by  the  iiriu.-<ii  from  the  Germans, 

Miir- 

Nei ..  Nevada  (official). 

-   2  ne-va'da,  n.    A  State  <>f  \v.  United 

-ii  .  pop  108,786;  capital,  <  tenon  <  !lty. 

nei  'cr.  i  .        i  .-a  any  timi 

Not  at  all;  positively  not.    [<AS.  n«,  not,  \    s/rs,  ever.] 

in  \  '.-r-in-.r.    .  Never  again,    nev"er-the-les8', 

None  tin-  lees;  yet.    8m:  itwith- 

Sl  INDINQ. 

nev'oyt,  ■     Nephew,    nev'ot;  nev'ow+. 

new,  l  oiQ;  2  in'i.  a.    1.  Recently  come  into  i  o  item t 

2.  Lately  discovered.    8.  Beginning 
or  recurring  afresh;  renewed.    4.  Changed  in  i 

■  1 1  hi  i-  hi,  foroe,  etc.:  usually  f< .r  the  better,     5. 
her;  different  from  that  heretofore  known  or  used. 
»i.  I:  frniii  any  plaoe  i-r  mn  of  :my  condi- 

tion.  7.  I  naocustomed;  unfamiliar.  [<A8 

Syn.:  fresh,  modern,  novel,  recent,  young,  youthful.  That 
which  begun  toexlsl  In  the  present  age,  and 

still  exists;  thai  which  has  come  Into 

tence  within  a  comparatively  brlet  period,  and  may  or  may 
not  he  existing  still.    Bee  fbkbh;  uodebn.    a  novel  contri- 
vance Is  one  that   has  never   before  been  known. 
and  youthful  are  applied  to  thai  which  has  life;  that  which 

Ivelj 
living  thing  ;  etual  youth;  that  which  la  , 

manifests  'in-  attributes  of  youth.    Compare  rot 

applies  to  thai  which  has  newness  or  youth,  i  u 
deteriorate  In  time  -  iuntenance,/ri 

How.-  opposed  to  "''/,  modern  to  ancient,  rtcmt 

to  remote,  young  to  o 

— new'rnin"er,  n.     One  recently  arrived.— newTan'- 
gi.-.i.  a.    l.  01  new  fashion:  generally  In  depreclatli 

re  it fnnijhd  notions      '■'•    Disposed   tO  value  thliik'S  lor  their 

novelty;  as,  newfangled  people     newish,  a.     New  Jeru- 
salem, tl    city  of  God;  heaven.    Ren.  xxi,2.-   newly,  arfc, 
new 'n ess,  n     nen  style,    ee  jttle1,  n. — New  Testa- 
ment. New   World,  the  western  beml- 
\i-w':>ear".    I.  a.    Relating  to  the  New«year  or 
to  New-year's  day.    II.  n.    The  Brsl  day  Of  January:  usually 
.  .1  and  legal  holiday.    New  year's  day  t- 
Many  compound  adjectives  having  new  as  the  iirst  cie- 
oave  been  used         new<born,  new  formed,  new. 

laid,  newMiiaile,  new   inarrli-il.  [Dutch  occupation. 

\i-\i    am'ster-dam.     New   York  City;   name  during   tin- 
New 'ark.  1   old' ark;  2  nfl'ark,  n.     A  manufacturing  city  of 
■;.u  Jersey;  pop  101.000. 

New  BeilToril.     '-.  |io|.    '17.00(1. 

New   Kruiis'wlek.  1    lirunz'wik;  2  bruns/wlk.     A  province  In 

q   in  :  pup  361,889. 
Nc»    (  al".-tln'iil-a.     An   Mainl   In  the  S    Pacific  ocean;  a 

French  penal  colony:  7.<;".4  so.  m.;  pop.  60 
New  '.  .l—ll.  -on  T>  ne,  1  niu'kus-l.oii-toiii;  2  iiQ'ca.s-l-f)n«tyn, 

n.    A  seaport  In  Northumberland,  England;  pop  266,603. 
New 'comb,  1  nHVkam;  2  oO'eoni,  Simon  (1836  1909).    An 

An  ■  dltor,  and  author. 

new 'el,  1  nid'el;  2  nuV-l,  n.  1.  A  post  from  which  the 
of  a  winding  stair  radiati  'I.  A  post  al  the  end  of 
■•  or  band«i  on  le-xt,  page.  [  <  LL.°' 

nuralls,  Ol  a  nut.  <  L.  nux,  nut.  1     hollow  newel,  a  space 
circular  staircase  arc  built. 
N.-w  En 'gland.     \  part  of  tin-  United  States  comprising  the 
of  Maim-.  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  Massachusetts, 
Rhode  Island,  and  Connecticut.— New=En'gland-er,  n. 


531 


1:8=  final;    i  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  f>ud:    cliin;    go;    n  =  sing;    fhin    this-  nostle 

2:wQlf,  dfi;   book,   boot;   full,   r||Ie,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,'   this,      nictitate 


New 'found-land",  1  niu'fand-land";  2  niVftind-land".  n.  1. 
A  British  island  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  Canada;  42,- 
734  sq.  m.;  pop.  247,710:  capital,  St.  Johns.  2.  One  of  a 
breed  of  large  dogs  from  Newfoundland.    See  dog. 

New 'Rate,  1  niu'get;  2  nu'gat,  n.    A  prison  in  London,  En- 
gland, established  in  1218;  demolished 
In  1902. 

New  Gra-na'da.    Same  as  Colombia. 

New  Guin'ea,  1  gin'i;  2  gln'e.  An 
island  of  the  Malayan  archipelago,  N. 
of  Australia:  311,023  sq.  m.;  pop.  about 
1,000,000;  divided  between  Great  Brit- 
ain, Holland,  and  Germany,  the  last 
division  taken  from  the  Germans  by 
the  Australian  troops  Sept.   11,   1914. 

New  Ham  p  'shire,  1  hamp'shlr;  2  hamp'- 
shir.  A  State  of  the  N.  E.  United 
States;  9,341  sq.  m.;  pop.  443,467; 
capital.  Concord. 

New  Ha'ven,  1  he'vn;  2  ha'vn.  A  man- 
ufacturing city,  near  the  coast  of  Con- 
necticut; pop.  160,000;  seat  of  Yale 
University. 

New  Jer'sey,  1  jOr'zi;  2  jer'gy.  A  State  Newel  of  Stone  In  a 
in  the  East  United  States;  8.224  sq.  ^  hiding  Stair  In 
m.;  pop.   2,981,105;  capital,  Trenton.      Alnwick  Castle. 

New  Lon'don.  A  seaport  city  in  S.  E.  Connecticut;  seat  of 
Connecticut  College  (for  women) ;  pop  20,000. 

New  M.,  abbr.    New  Mexico. 

New 'man,  1  niu'man;  2  nu'man,  John  Henry,  Cardinal 
(1801-1890).     An  English  divine,  writer,  and  philosopher. 

New'mar-ket,  1  nlu'mar-ket;  2  nu'mtir-ket,  n.  1.  A  markets 
town  in  E.  England;  a  horse=raeing  center;  pop.  10.000.  2. 
A  elosesfitting  coat  for  outdoor  wear.    Newmarket  coatt. 

New  Mex'i-co,  1  meks'i-ko;  2  meks'i-co.  A  State  of  the  S.  W. 
United  States;  122,634  sq.m.;  pop.416.965;  capital,  Santa  Fe. 

New  Neth'er-land.    New  York:  the  original  Dutch  name. 

New  Or'le-ans,  1  er'H-anz;  2  or'le-ang.  A  seaport  of  Louisi- 
ana; cotton=center;  pop.  400.000;  captured  by  Federal  fleet 
under  Farragut,  May  1,  1862. 

New 'port,  1  niu'port;  2  nu'port,  n.  A  seaport  In  S.  E.  Rhode 
Island;  summer  resort;  pop.  27,165. 

news,  1  niuz;  2  nug,  n.  [PL  in  form,  but  singular  in  use; 
as,  the  latest  news  is — .]  1.  Fresh  information  concern- 
ing something  that  has  recently  taken  place.  2.  Any- 
thing new  or  strange.  [<  new,  a.,  represent 
nouvelles.]  Syn.:  see  tidings. — news'=a"gcnt,  n.  A  dealer 
In  newspapers  and  other  periodicals. — news'boy",  n.  A 
boy  who  sells  or  delivers  newspapers.  —  news'man,  n.  A 
man  who  delivers  or  sells  newspapers. — news'mon"ger,  n. 
One  who  carries  news  about,  especially  a  gossip.  —  news'- 
nion"ger-yt,  n. — news'pa"per,  n.  1.  A  publication  issued 
for  general  circulation  at  frequent  intervals;  a  public  print 
that  circulates  news,  advertisements,  etc.  2.  The  thin,  un- 
sized paper  on  which  the  ordinary  daily  or  weekly  newspa- 
per Is  printed. — news'y,  a.  [Colloq.]  Full  of  news. 

New  South  Wales.  A  state  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Aus- 
tralia; 310,372  sq.  m.;  pop.  1,856,500;  capital,  Sydney. 

newt,  1  niut;  2  nut,  n.  One  of  various  small  aquatic  sala- 
mander=like  amphibians. 

New  Test.,  abbr.    New  Testament. 

New'ton,  1  nlu'tan;  2  nu'ton,  Sir  Isaac  (1642-1727).  An 
English  philosopher  and  mathematician;  discovered  the  law 
of  gravitation. — New-to'nl-an,  a. 

New  York,  1  yerk;  2  york.  1.  A  State  of  the  N.  E.  United 
States;  49,204  sq.  m.;  pop.  9,687,744;  capital,  Albany.  '-'. 
A  seaport  city  and  metropolis  In  this  state;  320  sq.  m  ;  pop. 
5,737,490;  as  now  constituted  (Including  Brooklyn  and  other 
suburbs  of  the  original  chy)  known  as  Greater  New  York. 
— NewsYork'er,  n. 

New  Zea'land,  1  zl'land;  2  ze'land.  Dominion  of.    A  British 
dominion,  consisting  of  a  group  of  Islands  In  the  South   Pa 
clflc  ocean;  104.751  sq.  in.;  pop.  L, 161,737;  capital,  Welllng- 
ton. — New=Zca'land-er,  n. 

next,  1  nekst;  2  nfikst.    I.  a.    1.  Being  only  one 

moved.     2.  Nearest  in  place.     II.  adv.     [mmediately 

succeeding.      III.   prep.      Ware-t.   to,      I 

superl.  of  neOh,  nigh.]     3yn.:  see   u»A(  BNT;  i'j'.u  DIATE 

nex'us,  1  ncks'iw;  2  nf-ks'us,  n.     [NEX'l  s.  pi  I     A  hop. I  or  tie 
between  the  several  members  of  a  group  or  series.     [l...   • 
nexus,  pp.  of  neclo,  tle.l 

Ney,  1  ne;  2  ne.  Michel  (1769    1816)       A    French   n 
under  Napoleon  i.;  shot  by  the  restoration  government 

neysshct,  a.    Tender;  soft. 

N.  ¥.,  abbr.    Newfoundland,  New  French,  Norman   I 
— N.  G.,  abbr.     National   Guard,   New  Granada,   Noble 

Grand.  —  tt.K.,nbbr.   [Slang.]    NO  good,      N.  II..  abbr.     New 
Hampshire  (Official).-  N.  II.  G-,  abbr.     New  High  '  I 
— Nl.,  abbr.    Nickel. 
Nl-ag'a-ra,  1  nal-ag'e-rs;  2  nl-iig'a-ra.  n.     A  river  between 
Ontario   province,   Canada,   and    New    York    State,    flowing 

from  Lake  Erie  to  Lake  Ontario;  length,  36  m  .  In  h 
occur  the  Niagara  Falls,  167  ft    high,  over  4.000  ft.  wide, 
nib,  1  nib;  2  nil).    I.  vt.    [niuued;  niu'ijinu  ]    TofuraJah 


with  a  nib;  sharpen  the  tub  or  point  of.      II.  n.     A  pro- 
jecting part;  beak;  neb;  point  of  a  pen.     (  <  AS 

nlb'ble, )  1  nibl;  2  nib'l.    I.  it.  &  vi.    [nib'blbo,  otb'ld*; 

nlb'P,    J  niu'ulin-i;.]    1.  To  bite  off  small  hits  . 

little  bits.     2.   [Slang.]  To  nab.     II.  n.    The  act  of  nib- 
bling; a  little  bite.     [Freq.  of  nip1,  r.]— nib'bler,  n. 

Ni'be-lung,  l  ni'b8-lnn;2  nl'be-lung,  n.    ixi'm-i.t  ■ 

BE-LrTNG'BN,   1   -lunz.  -lun'en:  2  -lungs.   -lung'eii.   ;>/.]      G. 

Myth.  One  of  a  supernatural  n.<, 

treasure  that  Is  wrested  from  them  by  Siegfried. 

NI'_be-lung"en-lled",  1  nl'ba-lurj'en-liC;  2  nl'be-hjng*en- 
lef,  n.    The  lay  of  the  NlbelungS,  a  medieval  German  ix>em 

Ni-cae'a,  1  nai-si'a;  2  M-cS'a,  r».     1.  Nice,  l  ranee     '-'.  An  an- 
cient  town   in    Asia    Minor;    the    modern    village  o( 
Council  of  Xie;ea,  held  here  A     D.  32S    promulgated  the 
Nlcene  creed.— Nl'ceue,  a.     Of  or  pertain 

Nicar.,  abbr.     Nicaragua. 

NIc"a-ra'gua,  1  nik'a-ra'gwo;  2  nlo'a-rii'gwa.  n.  A  republic 
of  Central  America;  49,200  sq.  m.;  pop.  600,000;  capital, 
Managua. — Nlc'a-ra'euan,  a.  &  n. 

nice,  1  nais;  2  nlc,  a.    [nic'eb; 

scrupulous  in  tastes  or  habits.  2.  I;  qu 
consideration  or  treatment;  delicate;  subtile,  3.  Acute 
4.  Exactly  titted  or  adjusted;  accurate  •">.  I1  licately 
constructed;  fragile,  (i.  [Colloq.]  Agreeable  in  any 
way.  7f.  Ignorant;  silly;  weak.  St.  Trilling;  trivial. 
[F.,  <  L.  nesclus,  Ignorant,  •:  ne,  not,  •  seto,  know  1  Bytu 
choice:  fink;  neat;  precise;  ivmi:iii..  nice 'ly,  (Utt. — 
nlce'ness,  n.— nl'ce-ty,  n.  [-ties*  pi.]  1.  The  quality  of 
being  nice.    't.  Something  that  i<  alee;  subtlety;  delicacy. 

Nice,  1  nis;  2  nlc,  n.  1.  A  Mediterranean  winter  r.  s,,rt  and 
seaport  of  s.  E.  France;  pop.  142,940.  'i.  Same  as  \i 

niche,  1  nidi;  2  inch,  n.  1. 
A  recessed  space  or  hollow; 
specifically,  a  recess  in  a  wall, 
as  for  a  statue  or  tie-  like  2. 
Hence,  any  position  specially 
adapted  to  it  ,  occupant.     |1'\] 

nlch'er,    1    niii'ar;    2    dIh'i 
[Scot.)  To  neigh;  laugh  loudly. 
nlck'ert. 

Nich'o-1: 


r  ]    1.  Refined  and 
nog  careful 


HICK     IT     .  ..  ^ 

ich'o-las,  1  nik'o-los;    2  nlc'o-  .    / 

las,     n.       1.     Saint  (       -340),  fjk 

Bishop;  patron  of  children.     Sec  1  '  «J 

Santa  Cms.     Mc'o-last.      -».  U  yM 


Niche. 


mark 


Any  one   of  several 
pccially      N.     V. 
Tommaso  Parentucelll   or   Sax- 
zano;  founder  of   Vatican    Li- 
brary.    3.   N.  I.    (1796   iv...:. 
czar  of  Russia;  engaged  In  Cri- 
mean war.  4.N.II.(1868  ), 
czar  of  Russia  1894        when  he 
abdicated      .>.  N.  I.,  Petrovlc 
NJegOS     1841-         ).   Ilrst   king 
of    Montenegro;     BUCCeei ' 
prince,    I860.      6.     N..   <;rand 
I>uke  (1856-     ).  Russian  com- 
mander "i  chlel    in     i  hi 
w  ar,  1914   1915. 

Nl'cl-as,   1   in  h'l  '   a]  ^h'l-iis, 

/(.     ah  \ .  tn  in  in  general;  kllli  >i 
at     i  racu  e,  1 13  B.  C. 

nick",  1  oik]  2  nlk,  Vt.    To  make  a  niok  in;   noteh 
with  a  niok  ii  «'■  •■ 

llick'-',  .'/    A    I  To  hit,  fit,  Or  8U       I  \   use 

nick',  n.    1.  A  slight  cut  or  Indent;  notch     '.'.  \ 

[A   form  of  NOCK,  n  I  [win 

nick-,  n.    I.  \  point  of  time;  critical  momcnl     '.'.  in  li 
Nick*,  n.    The  devil.    I  ■    si     .  oi.i  Nlckl. 

nick 'el,  1  ink  VI;  2  nlk  VI.  „     I.  ^  hard,  ductile,  magnetic, 
Bilver* white  metallic  element,  aim.,  il 
ciated  with  ooball     8ee  blkueni     '.'-  \  ' 
,   ..f  a   nickeUand  i 

topiiiirnltt.il.   mineral   contail 

ulck'nack",  i 

nick  'name",  1  oik'nOm  '  ( 

Olie    t0  H.     "  \     I- 11 

mplimenl      (Mi     oi    ■ 

oi.l   N  un    |  [mil 

Mc"o-.ie'iiiu-.   1   nil  'o  df/mi  v 

nl-co'tlan,  i 

derived  from  ton  U 

nlc'o-lln.    I  1  nik'o  Ho.    11 

nic'o-liiie,  i    i  •  alkaloid  i  on(  li   ■  l  in  I 

i,,l, ■,.  •.  who  introduced  I 

ni-co'tla  : ;  nirvi  >  I  I    . 

M."tlie-ro>  ',   I    nil     ' 
1(1..  .1 

i 36.000 

nlc'tl-tate,  1    nil,  li   ' 

TO   wink.       1         I.     '..    I  .... 


nlildrrlne    i  a 

ii. >«  i  urn 


■         .  I  i  i       n       but,  Lorn; 

ii        i  i  o,  not,  or,  urt,,,    ;,xi 


nit  -i  i  ii 

mm  rr-llai  • 

■ild  - 

■    ■  ■    ■ 
•  ii. 

Ill    .11:...  I  II 

111    II.IlK*. 

■Unl. 

Ml. I     II-!   it. 

Hid    U-latl  .  I  MllII  1  . 

II  I.I.I     ll-l.l    ll. .M. 

Ill    .lu-.  I 

- 

\l.-  buhr.  II  irlhold  <••  org 

Frledrtcb  Mlllnlm  (1844 

■ 

'■'.  .  Flan- 

Ight.  191  I    15. 

L.  To  nit  ..rr  the 

■' 

length, 

\  British  territory  lu 
i.OOO. 
nli.-g.ir. I.  I  I  ,   .  supply 

II.    i      Sor- 
III. 
;jr.  stingy.      I  U  w.ir.1-1  > .         a   adr.  —  alg'- 
gard-li-ii.  - 
nicer.  :  :  i  jro:  now  vulgar,    t. 

•rlglne. 
I 

■     -        '  •■;    Mi,'- 

'i1-'  i  •  i.  To  nil  up  with  trilling  details:  overelab- 

.  o  befool.    3.  To  O 

•»•«•»•  3  I  T  NF.XT.]      1. 

I. 

'.. 

is  in  kin-hip;  intit  II.  I. 

e  in  time  or  ;.  1 1 1. 

MM,  nigh.]  Si-n.:  (ad. 

nlghl.  I.  1  ilurinR  which  the 

sun  .  .'. 

'■•  esa  or  gloom;  Bom 

'  ■  old  age.    [  < 

nlghl  bird",  n      I.   \  bird  that 
:. 

1 

night '- 

•  while  in  b.  :      ii. 
crow,         i  !.  Thei  ghtlar. 

ii.  dog,  i, 

nlghl  '"  >r. .        l 

night  'fall",  n      'I 

god  with  eon- 

nlghl   gown",    n.       A 
r  i .  .  I  r .  —    :  ii.  robe 
1 
pran  g. .  ,•  -  . 

•  -•   •      -   -'••:...   -•-■!.:•  :.:^' ■      nlght'Jar",  n      \  goat- 
sucker, espe  n.<key, 
ii.  latch,  n.    A  Hprlng 
:  from  the  ln- 
.y  a  knob  or  I                   n..|ock:.     nlght'l>.     I.  n. 

night  or 

N  night '- 

i"  >r.  1  :,  usually  with 

bad  dreams     t.  1'.  re-  an  ..ppr—.-:-. .    ■  •:  i<  !,<o     3.  Folk-lore. 

'•■  during  deep 
ti .......  I 

Same  a.*  MoitT-H  \ Wl  n .  1. 1 1  • 

ary  •  n.  rider,  n    [So    1 

11.  rul.  • ,   1  revel.— 

night '»had  mmHrtnit]  pol- 

•ons— nlght'»hlrt",  n.    A  looae  shirt  used  for  sleeping  In 


nt  hi  1.  11     1 1 in,-. 

.  '  •■  Hint'  from  from  dark  t..  daw  n 

11    .1  iik.  1.         1    ■        who  vwiikt  in  hu  sleep     '.'.  One 

n 

»   H.     •  I  llltfttl  dUt)        '.'.  A  \\  ;i!  ill-  !■• 

nlghl  in-n.ile.  1  1.   \  mud] 

1  lodioui 
niglil 

Nlghl  im-kiI.  .   1  Florence    is.'n 

philanthropic  »ii. 1  author;  u  .  hi  1  «..ii. 
in  Crimean  war,  founder  of  nillltar)  Ire 

1 1 1  -  k  r .  ,  n      The  pn 

■   produced 
i  lack  ] 
iiiK'n-f).  1  nlgTi-fi  «     1  1 11  d; 

niv'  ri-n-r.i  11..11,         rhe  aot  or  pro 

■  1  lu  'rl-llidri,  11.      Kill.  . 

nl'hll.  1  iiui'lnl;  2  i.riul.  '.      Nothing     [I.]    n\\\.— nl'- 
hll-lsm,         1  -me  thai  nothing  exists  ..>  oan  i.. 

known     (.Originally,  in  Russia,  a  social  doctrine  thai  de- 
nied all  authority;  later  IN-i.  11  revolutionism  bent  on  the 
overthrow    <>f    all    existing    Institutions      iil'lill-lst,  n. — 
nJ"hU-ls'tle,a.     ni-hlli-i).  n    Nothingness, 
nil,  1  mi.  l"  nil.  n.    Nothing.    [L„  contr    •    mini,  nothing.] 
Nile,  1  nail;  2  nil.  «.    .\  river  In  1.   Africa;  rises  In  the  Vlc- 
far  us  Khartum,  it  la  know  n 
White  Nile,  where  11  la  lolned  bj  the  nine  Nile,  n  hlch  rises 
in  thi  mountains;  total  length,  4,000  m.  to  the 

Mediterranean  sea        Battle  Ol    the    Nile,   fought    near  Die 

mouth  of  the  river  Aug  1.  1798;  Nelaon  defeated  I  rench  fleet, 
nil  'gan,  1  nll'gau;  2  nO'gou,  n.    A  large,  short-man. d  antelope 

With     the    hind    legs    inueli   shorter   than   the 

for.-,      i-     Per  ttUgOu,   ■     'it',  blue,  -t-  q&u, 
cow.]    nil 'gait;  nil 'ghaut;  nyl'gant. 

nlll,  1  nil;  2  nil,  <i.     1  0  be 
unwilling;  win  not.    [< 

Ulan,  <  ne,  not,  + 
11.  will.]    nil:. 

M-lot'le,    1     nui-l.it'ik;    2 

I.  1  .r,  per- 
taining to.  or  character- 
istic of  the  river  Nile.  •.>. 
ii  divi- 
sion of  the  negro  races  of 
ti..'  Sudan.  M"lc-«»i '!<■:. 
nimbi  <•',  1  iiiiril.l;  2 
iilin'lil.  a.  [nim'ti  1  b; 
nim'iu  bbt.J  1.  Light 
and  quick  in  motion  or  action;  agile.  2.  Intellectually 
alert  or  acute.     [  <  AS.  numul.  <  nlman.  take] 

Syn.:  active.  a«lle.  alert,  brisk,  bustling,  lively,  prompt, 
quiek.  speedy,  sprightly,  swift.    NirnbU  refers  to  Hi  I 

■111.  and  quickness  of  motion  within  a  Somewhat  nar- 
row rani;.-,  with  readiness  to  turn  suddenly  tO  any  point; 
swift   applies    COmo ly    to    more    sustained    moilon    ..vir 

gr.at.T  distances;  a  pickpocket  is  ntmUa>nhgeredl  a  dancer 

nlmhh  -footed ;  an  arrow,  a  raee-horse.  or  an  ocean  Steamer 

bakespeare's  "nimbU   Ughtnlngs"  Is  said  ol  the 
trance  In  sudden  dgxag  Daah  across  thi 
.  we  Bpeak  of  nimble  wit,  twtfl  Intelligence, 
Wert,  which  Is  strictly  a  Bynonym  for 
etlmi     near  the  meaning  of  nfi 

quick,  from   the  fact   that    the  ready,  wideawake  person  Is 

Bee    u  1  ivk;     alert; 
bfbiohtlt.     Ant.:  clumsy,  dilatory,  dull,  heavy,  Inactive, 

lmrt,  slow,  sluggish,   unready.      nlm'hle-lH-ss,  r».-    11I111'- 
hl>  . 
11  i m  Ii u v,    ]    iJm'bus;   2   iiTin'hus,    n.      (nim'iu's-es1   or 
nim'iu,  pi]     1.  A  dark,  heavy,  rain-hearing  cloud.     'I. 

\.  halo  of  light  encircling  tiie  head,  aa  of  Christ  or  a 
I.     nimbu  .    rain-eloinlj  — nim'bo.sej,   a. 

Cloudy;  threatening;  stormy. 

Nun.'-.  !  aim;  :'  nim.  n     a  cathedral  city  In  8.  France,  con- 
taining a  One  Roman  amphitheater;  pop.  80,000 
Mm 'rod,  1  nlm'red;  2  nlm'rftd,  n.  Bib.  Grandson  of  Ham;  a 

iiln'eom-poop,  l  nlrj'ksm-pQp;  2  nln'com-poop.  n.  [Colloq.] 
A  foolish  or  silly  person;  simpleton.    [<  or  of  1.  rum  1 
In  phrase  non  compos  m>h  f  ones  mind] 

nine,  1  iioiu;  2  niii.    I.  a.    Consisting  of  one  more  than 
eight.    II. »      1.  ght  and  one.    'i.  A  sym- 

bol representing  nine  units,  as  <>  or  IX.    ii.  A  playing' 

card   having   nine  spots.      4.  The  nil  lining 

eball«game.     [<  AS    nigon,  nine.] 
nine 'fold",  a.     Nine  times  as  many.-  nlne'plns,  n.  pi. 

A  game  similar  to  tenpins,  In  Which  nine  large  wooden  plus 
are  employed,  nine-  teen'.  I.  a.  consisting  of  nine  more 
than  ten.     II.  n      'I  he  urn  Of  ten  and  nine;  also,  Its  symbols, 

IS  or  XIX      nine- teen tb'<    I.  a     1.  Ninth  In  order  after 

the  tenth.    '£.  Uelug  one  of  nineteen  equal  parts.    II.  n.   One 


N  llgau 


„-    l:o  =  final;    i  =  hablt2   aisle;    on  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    «fhin;    go;    rising;   thin,  this.     nldderlng 
OA6    2:  wolf,  dp;  book,  boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.         nod  urn 


of  nineteen  equal  parts  of  anything.— nine'tl-eth.     I.  a. 

I.  Tenth  in  order  after  the  eightieth.  2.  Being  one  of  ninety 
equal  parts.  II.  n.  One  of  ninety  equal  parts  of  anything. 
— nine'ty.  I.  a.  Consisting  of  nine  times  ten.  II.  n. 
[-ties',  pi.]  The  sum  of  ten  and  eighty;  also,  its  symbols, 
90  or  XC- nine'ty-fold.a.  &adv.— ninth.  I.  a.  1.  Next 
in  order  after  the  eighth.    2.  Being  one  of  nine  equal  parts. 

II.  n.  1.  One  of  nine  equal  parts.  2.  Mus.  An  interval  of 
an  octave  and  a  second,  or  a  note  separated  from  another  by 
this  interval;  also,  the  two  notes  written  or  sounded  to- 
gether.— ninth'ly,  adv. 

Nin'e-veh,  1  nin'i-va;  2  nin'e-ve,  n.  An  ancient  city  on  the 
Tigris  river;  capital  of  Assyria;  destroyed  by  the  Medes  and 
Babylonians  about  600  B.  C. — Nin'e-vite,  n. 

Nlng'po',  1  nin'po';  2  nlng'po',  n.  A  walled  city  and  treaty* 
port  in  E.  China;  pop.  400,000. 

nin'ny,  1  nin'i;  2  nin'y,  n.  [nin'nies2,  pi.]  A  simpleton; 
dunce.    [Cp.  It.  ninno,  Sp.  niho,  child.] 

Ni  'nus,  1  nai'nus;  2  nl'nus,  n.  Reputed  founder  of  Nineveh, 
21S2  B.  C;  husband  of  Semiramis. 

Nl'o-be,  1  ncii'o-bI;2  ni'o-be,  re.  Gr.  Myth.  A  Grecian  mother, 
whose  children  were  slain  by  Apollo  and  Artemis,  with  whom 
she  had  boastfully  compared  them,  after  which  she  herself 
was  turned  into  stone. — Ni"o-be'an,  a. 

nip1,  1  nip;  2  nip.  I.  vt.  [nipped',  nipt9;  nip'ping.]  1. 
To  cut,  bite,  or  pinch  slightly  and  suddenly.  2.  To  bite 
or  sting,  as  by  frost.  3.  To  gibe.  II.  n.  1.  The  act  of 
compressing  sharply;  a  pinch.  2.  A  biting,  pinching,  or 
clipping  off.  3.  A  freezing  up  and  closing  in  of  ice  about 
a  vessel.  4.  A  sudden  blight,  as  by  frost.  [ME.  nip- 
pen;  cp.  D.  knippen,  nip.] — nip  and  tuck  [Colloq.,  U.  SJ, 
a  case  of  equality,  as  between  two  runners. — nip'py,  a. 
[Colloq.)  1.  Biting;  acid;  sarcastic.  2.  [Eng.j  Active;  vig- 
orous; alert.    3.  [Scot.]  Stingy;  niggardly. 

nip2.    I.  vi.    To  take  a  drink.    II.  n.    A  small  dram. 

Ni'pa,  1  nai'pa  or  ni'pa;  2  ni'pa  or  ni'pa,  re.  Bot.  A  genus  of 
palms  of  tropical  southeastern  Asia,  of  which  the  nipa.  or 
nipa-palm,  has  feathery  leaves,  used  for  weaving,  thatch- 
ing, etc.,  and  bunches  of  edible  fruit.    [  <  Malay  nlpah.) 

nip 'per,  1  nip'er;  2  nip'er,  n.  1.  One  who  nips.  2.  One 
of  various  tools  for  nipping;  pincers  or  tongs.  3.  An 
incisor,  as  of  a  horse.  4.  A  great  claw,  as  of  a  crab.  5. 
One  of  various  fish. 

nip 'pie, )  1  nip'l;  2  nip'l,  n.    1.  The  cone=shaped  process 

nip'!1-,  ]  of  the  breast;  a  pap;  teat.  2.  A  protuberance 
to  receive  a  percussion=cap.  3.  A  small  tubular  pipe* 
fitting.  4.  An  artificial  substitute  for  the  female  nipple. 
[Dim.  of  NIB,  NEB.] 

Nip"pon',  1  nip"pon';2nip"p6n',re.  Japan.  [<  Jap.  Dai,  great, 
Nippon  or  Nihon,   land  of  the  rising  sun.]   Dai  Nippon;. 

NIr-va'na,  1  nir-va'ne;  2  nir-vii'na,  re.  In  Sanskrit,  literally 
a  "blowing  out";  in  Buddhism,  the  loss  of  all  personal  con- 
sciousness by  absorption  into  the  divine.  Nlr-wa'naJ. — 
Nir-va'nic,  a. 

Nl'san,  1  nai'san  or  nl-sun';  2  nl'san  or  ni-siin',  n.  Bib.  The 
first  month  of  the  Jewish  calendar,  corresponding  approxi- 
mately to  April.    Neh.il,  1.    Nis'san'. 

Msh,  l  nisTi;  2  nlsh,  n.  An  ancient  fortified  and  commercial 
city  in S.E.Servia;  temporary  capital  in  1914— 15; pop. 25,000: 
entered  by  Bulgarian  troops  Nov.  .5.  1915. 

ni'si,  1  nai'sai;  2  ni'si,  con).  Unless.  [L.,  <  ni,  not,  +  si.  If.] 
— ni'si  prl'us,  1  pral'us;  2  prt'us.  Law.  Literally,  "un- 
less sooner":  an  authority  or  chimin i  to  the  ludges  to 

go  on  their  several  circuits  for  the  trial  of  causes  by  Jurj  ; 
hence,  a  general  designation  suggestive  of  the  trial  of  civil 
causes  before  a  judge  and  jury. 

nit,  1  nit;  2  nit,  n.  The  egg  of  a  louse  or  other  insect ;  a 
small  speck.    [<  AS.  hnitu.] 

ni'ter,  1  nui'tar;  2  ni'ter,  n.  A  crystalline  white  alt; 
■saltpeter;  potassium  nitrate.  [<  1''.  nitre,  <  L.  nitrum, 
<  Gr.  nitron,  soda.)    nl'tref. 

nl'ton,  1  nal'tan;  2  nl'ton,  re.  The  emanation  ol  radium 
viewed  as  an  element;  symbol  Nt,  atomic  weight 

nitr-,      )  1  naitr-,  nai'tn-,  nai'tro-j  2  nltr-,  ol'tri-,  nl'tro-. 

ni'tri-,  vFrom    New    Latin    nitrum,    niter:    combining 

nl'tro-, ;  forms,    indicating  in  chemi  try  the  presence  of 

nitrogen  in  some  form,  iil'tratc.  I.  >/  To  treat  or  Com- 
bine with  nitric  add  or  one  Ol  Its  compounds.  II.  n  A 
salt  of  Qltrlc  acid,  nitrate  of  silver,  silver  dissolved  In 
nitric  acid;  lunar  caustic,     nl'trlc,  a.    Pi    '  lining 

talned  from  niter. —  nitric  acid,  a  colorli l,  highly  corrosive 

liquid,  used  for  dissolving  metals,  aqua  Ibrtlst.  nl'trt-fy, 
vt.  &  vt,  i-kikd;  -fv'iwi.I  To  combine  or  treat  w  Ith  oltrogi  a; 
form  nitrogenous  compound  i  nl'trl-fl"a-bl(e, "  ni"tri- 
n-ca'tlon,n.  -nl'trlte.re.  A  salt  of  nitrous  acid      nl'trous, 

a.     Pertaining  to  or  derived  from  niter       iiiiroiis  arid,  an 
acid   containing   less   oxygen    than    nun     acid,     nitrous 
oxld,  laughing-gas. 
ni'tro-gcn,  1  nai'tro-jen;  2  nt'tro-gen,  n.      In  od 

colorli      - leinen       undin  the  mineral  kin 

as  in  the  air  (forming  four-fifths  of  its  volume),  at 
in  the  tissues  of  plants  and  animals 


[<xiTKO-  +  -gex.]— nl'tro-gen-lze,  rt.  To  treat  or  com- 
bine with  nitrogen.  —  ni-trog  V-nous,  a.  Pertaining  to  or 
containing  nitrogen.  iil"tro-ge'iie-ous: . 
nl"tro-glyc'er-ln,  1  nai*tro-glis'ar-in;  2  nI*tro-glyyer-In. 
n.  A  light*yellow  oily  liquid  made  by  nitrating  glyo- 
erin,  used  as  an  explosive;  commonly  combined  with  a 
dope,  as  infusorial  earth,  forming  dynamite,  to  reduce 
the  danger  of  its  explosion  by  percussion.   [  v  m  . 

GLYCERIN.] 

nl'val,  1  nai'val;  2  ni'val.  a.    Pertaining  to  the  snow;  grow- 
ing under  the  snow.     [  <  L.  nivalis,  <  nix  (n 
— niv'e-ous,  a.     Snowy;  like  snow. 

nix1,  1  niks;  2  nlks,  n.  Teut.  Myth.  A  water-spirit.  Compare 
kelpie.   KG.nixe.]   nist;  nlsset;  nix'let;  nlx'yf. 

nix3,     1.    [Slang.  T.  S.j    Nothing.      !.    /  \  piece 

of  mail-matter  addressed  to  a  place  that  is  not  a  post 
[<  G.nic/its,  <  nicht,  not.]    nix')  J. 

Nl-zam',  1  ni-zfim';  2  ni-zatn',  n.  1.  The  native  ruler  ol 
Hyderabad,  India.  2.  sing.  &  pi.  The  Turkish  soldier  of 
the  first  line  of  service  or  any  one  of  them.  [Hind  Ni- 
zam'ate,  n. 

Nizh'ni  Nov"go-rod',  1  nl3'nl  nov'go-rod';  2  nbb'nl  nftv*- 
go-rod'.   A  city  of  central  Russia,  capital  of  the  government 

of  this  name:  pop.  112,300;  famed  for  Its  fairs. 

N.  J.,  abbr.     New  Jersey  (official). 

Njord,  1  nyord;2  nyord.  n.  Norse  Myth.  The  god  of  t tie  ui inl- 
and sea;  father  of  Frey  and  l-'reya. 

N.  I.,  abbr.    North  latitude—  n.  I.,  abbr.  [L.]  Nott  licet   tit  Is 
not  permitted),  non  liquet  (It  is  not  clear  .  won 
far).— N.  M.,  \.  Mei.  (official), abbr.    New  Mexioo. 

no,  1  no;  2  no.  I.  a.  Not  any;  not  one;  none.  II.  n.  1. 
A  negative  reply.  2.  A  negative  vote  or  voter.  —  no 
one,  not  any  one;  nobody. 

no1.     I.  adv.     1.  Nay;  not  so;  not:  opp  '.'. 

Not:  used  at  the  end  of  asentem r  clause;  as,  whether 

orno.    3.  [Scot.]  Not.    ll.conj.  Nor.    [<AS.  nd,  <  ne, 
not,  +  a,  ever]  [no  f 

no2,  adv.    Not  in  any  wise;  in  no  case  or  res,. 

N.O.,  abbr.    Natural  order.  New  Orleans.    -No.,  c/iVV.    North, 

Numero  [Nos..  pi.]  (L.,  number). 
No'ah,  1  no'a;2  no'a.  n.    Bib.   A  righteous  num.  saved  In  the 

ark,  together  With  his  family,  at    the   time  Ol   the  deluge 

Gen.  vi,  vii. — No-a'chl-an,  No-ach'lc,  a. 
nob1,  1  nob;  2  nob,  n.     1.  [Humorous  ]  The  head      '.'.    \ 

knob.    [Form  of  knob.] 
nob2,  re.  [slang.]   a  person  of  social  distinction;  nobleman;  a 

swell.    [Abbr.  of  nobleman  ] 
nob'by,  1  neb'i;  2  noii'y.  a.    [Slang.]     Saving  an  elegant  or 

flashy  appearance;  showy ;  stylish.    [<  nob1  l 
No-bel',  1  no-lid';  2  no-lxM',  Alfred  Bernard 

A  Swedish  chemist  and  manufacturer  of  explo 
nator  ol  dynamite;  founded  by  his  will  the  Nobel  Prises, 
wrhlch  are  paid  annually  to  those  whose  work  in  science, 
literature,  and  furtherance  of  the  world's  peace, 
sldered  or  most  benefit  to  hum  mlty. 
no'ble,  1  no'lil;  2  nfi'bl.    I.  a,    [no'bli  b;  mo'bi  b»t.]    I. 
Exalted  in  character  or  quality.    8.  Of  or  per  tail 
an  aristocracy;  of  lofty  lineage;  aristooratic      t. 
posing  in  appearance;  magnifioent,    I.  Precious:  pure: 

said  of  minerals  and   metals.      II.    n.      I.     \    ■ 

peer.    2.  An  old  English  gold  coin  worth  0    Bd  orabout 

$1.00  in  nominal  value.     [!•'..        I  .  well  known. 

■      nOSCO,  Know. I     S.Vtl.:  see  \u  l  i 

Tutors;   iMiucui.M..— no-bll'l-tj ,  I 

state  of  being  noble,  as  in  character  or  rani.    I. 
aristocracy,     ao'ble-man,  n.    [-uBN.pl.]    Amanofnoblo 

rank;    peer.      iio'Mc-ness,    u       no  'lile-m>"ni.iii. 

— no'biy,  adv.    in  a  noble  manner. 
no-blesse'j  l  <<■■  bit  i     I.  The  bod 

i.iiiiv.    i  .  Noble  birth;  Doblonesa     : -blesse'  e- 

bllge'.  1  o  Mis';  2o 

Implj  Ing  U bllit  y  of  bit  th  maki  i lilt  i  oi  i »nlm 

DO'bod-y,  I  no  bed  i;  2  nO'bod  I 

person.    -•  |(  !olloq  ]  \  ; 

nock.  Lb  !■  1  !"'  UPP"  ' ' '* 

ni     -;i .  \  noti  b  i  ■ 

nod-,       i  1    noi.t-,   aok'tt  .   no 
noc'tl-i   ' 

noc'to-,  l  I 

noc'tii-,  i  bu-la'tloni  ■  n.    I  Im  acl 

tam'bu-llsmf.    noc-tam'bu-ll  < 

DOc"tl-flo'rous,  a    B mln  |  at  night  i 

Noc-tu'l-d8B.  1  nok-tifl'i    U 
\  familj  ol  n .  •    \- 

palpi        Noe'tll-.i. 

(„-„/    .    in  in  i     noc'tu-ld,  o...    in  t.i  • 

noc-tu'l-doui,  hoc  'iu-oid. 
doc 'turn,  i  noi.'t  Bm;  2  ' 

held  at  night      '-'•  ' 

.    i.  noctu   ■  "•"  -1'"'- 


n.xl 

\.     I    lllWl'vf. 


I  |  ii       •  0  ir    t.ftrn; 


11. -i 

11. *l     Uli->l. 

:  .  .     . 


II 

I  .     \ 
1 

which  :i 
I . 

like.    6. 
knol  j 
do    lose, 

lix-.lo-.   l-t  \  . 

ii...!    ii-l.ir, 

,  iutelli- 

doh  i  !-<  ii 
I. 


■  r  rectangular  b] 

I  of  a 

i 

ii. -i  tin.  I. 

» 

1 . 

.:T.'ii  it, 

(  <  NOG1.] 

.-  ;  I.  in  no  way;  not 
I. 
ii.. i -  .  I.  Nom'nro.]    1.  To 

t  .'. 

II.  1.  inykind, 

especially  -  ..:'.'.  I 

:  vibra- 
;.  .^sion.    ( <  1  irrel.] 

Stoj  bU.-  outcry, 

.-«imvft  nctselcssness.  peace,  quiet,  Bill 
— Mhflfii.  a.     Causing  or  making  no  noise;  silent. 
-ii.-—..  • 

i,  a.     Very  offensive,  par- 
is.     |  <  -.NOV, 

.-',:..   :■ .. :    .   WmikM.  destructive,  detrimental,  fetid, 

:_an:iful.  hu" 
;- -  .        .-    ;--■  '•:..-.  i*~tilcniial.  poisonous,  unhealthful. 

■ 

now  alwa-  -  :lally  to 

the  dense  of  smell;  as.  the  noi 

; -•—  ■    ■      '.'..■     :     .-.-•■         Ant.:    bwielielal.  healthful,    ln- 
•. ..    -.■  :..-      r.     ...  :..i  •;:.»•.     reviving,  : salubrious,    salutary, 
noi  .iiiw  -I.. .  ii.. I  Some-ni 

llol-').  -est.]     1. 

:. 

Sro_'  bU'... 

'•(-•-•;--■    .-     -     ■■    .-.    •.::...•..-.    turbulent,    uproarious, 

i  idlble,  mute, 
leas.  noi-.  'l-lj .  miK'l-in  - 

'  •.  Iioldet. 

■ 

one  will  or  r.  [1.1 

ii..  1 1  -re,  rl:    2    fio'll- 

I . 

•  ••  appeared  to 

or  lnterfer. 

noli-. 

- 

.rnlnal  case,  ' 
that  tne  plalnttf*  is  It.     [L.J 

mil.   pro-.,  c  unwilling  to 

pp>*-   if         mini  .  m.mln..  '.'omlnatlve. 

nom,  1  neh.  2  non.  n.    Name.    [F.,  <  L.  nomen.i 


M, .mi    i.i .  d.    I.  a 

ll.         \  •  i  mi  i  i  .ii  un  .  1 1 1.  .1.  « 

,  roving,  '      ■  ■■■ 
ii. ►-in  i.i  i.  .         i 

ii. on'. iii-Mn.  ■.      Nomadic  tendenoj 
M  i.i.  -  .  [men,  name  i 

ii .  \  '•  i  in      ;        I     ■  -.'■'•ii.  ■     i.    no- 

ii, .in.  \  province  or  prefecture  of  anotent 

pro\  loot  l 
ii. mm  .ii  ch,  nomc 

it.  ii-.  1 1  lor,  ■  li'tor, 

I .  •  I.  A  I  i 

no   iinn-i  I.i'  I  nr.  .   1   n..'n,in  l.lr- ".Inir  or  -tiur;  2  n.  .'mm*  n- 

i  used  ill  any 
.        ■• .  nclatura,  List  of  names  ] 

no    Mil-. ll,    1    1...  Mil   ..I.  g  lio'liil  -al.  ll      Alf       \   •IHl'l.'  Ii'lln       I 

nom'l-n:il.  1  iio!n'i-ii..l;  L' ii'.m'i-ti.il.  "     I.  Pertaining to 

in  name  onjj  :  inconsiderable,    2.  rer- 

i  term  or  noun     ;{.  Nominalistic      (•     I.. 

-I)  .  mini   1-nal-lMii,  n 

i    •  doctrine  thai  abstract  conceptions  have  no  real 

nom   l-n.il-M.  mini    I-m.iI-K   ll.  . 

nom'l-nato,  1   oom'i-net;  L'  nfim'i-nat,  N     [-wj 

i    I.  To  i.  .'■  •  .  di  rignate  as  a  candidate     2|. 
11  or  entitle;  denominate.    Sf>  To  express  in  terms. 
i .  •  pp  ..I  >  en,  name  ]    mim"i- 

n:i  'i  ion,  ■;     I.  The  ad  of  nominating.    8.  The  power  of  ap- 
pointment   direct  nomination  ,  a  method  of 
nominating  candidate*  for  offloe  by  the  direct  rotes  of  the 
i  instead  of  bj  means  of  ■  representative  convention. 
miiii  i-n.i-iii  r-.     I.  a.    Oram      Naming  or  being  the 
ll.  n.    The  case  of  the  subject  of  a 
verb;  the  nominative  case,  or  »  word  In  this  ■ 
nom  'l-na"(nr,ii  One  who  nominates  nom  'l-nor";  |  Law], 
noin"i-nee',  a.    1.  One  who  receives  a  nomination.    2.  a 
■  •I  ii  person  on  whose  life  another'!  annuity  depends. 
-iinini.     \  suffix,  denoting  "the  Bdence  of";  as,  astronomy. 

.-  -nomia,  <  nomo», law,  <  nemo, distribute.] 
linn-,  prefix.     Not.     I<   L.  non,    <  ne,  not,    4    i 

|    Non-  is  the  Latin  negative  adverb 
adopt  1  ogliah  i >nfix      It  denotes  in  general 

simple  negation;  ttendance,"  lack  of  atten- 

dai  ipare  un-. 

Numerous  words  beginning  with  non-  are  self«cxplaln- 
Ing,  as  the  following: 
non'-ap-pear'ance    non«ln*ter-fer'ence 
non-ln"ttT-ven'tlon 
non-li-'k'al 

non-lu'ml-nous 

iintwnet'al 

non"«me-taI1lo 

iion-n.it 'u-ral 
niiir-par-tk-'l-pat*- 
Ing 

non-par'tl-zan 
nompay'inent 
nonf«per-form'ance 
noil 'age,  1  non'ij;  2  nSn'ag,  n.    The  period  of  minority. 
non"a-i-c-na'ri-aii,  1  nen**-ji-n6'n-en; 2  nBn'arfce-nft'ri- 
an.    Co.    Pertaining  to  the  ninetiea.     II.  n.    A  person 
between  thi  i  Luety  and  a  hundred.     I  <   L. 

nonaoenarius,  ..f  ninety.]    iion"o-gp-na'rl-ant. 
mmi'i',  1  m  Present  time  or  occasion, 

rnisdivision  of  fftsn  omx.] — nonce'* 
word",  ?i     a  woni  coined  for  an  occasion. 
ni>n"rha-lain-e',  1  nen'&ha-lans';  2  n5n*cha-utnc',  n.    A 
of  mind  indicating  jaunty  indifference  or  uucon- 
1  ■■•  ■  ■  •.  ppr.  oi   0]  •  r,  neg- 

ui.ii  "i  li.i-lant ',  ';. 
niiii":rnni  'bat-ant,  n.     1.  An  attache  of  an  army  who  docs 
a  surgeon.    2.  Any  one  not  connected  with  the 
military  service  In  time  of  war.  as,  women,  children,  and 

[opinion.  -If,  '"'». 
miii":i'om-inlt  'tal.  a  Not  having  or  expressing  a  decided 
nun  com 'pus  men 'tis,  ]  non  kem'pes  men'tis;  :i  non  com'- 

Not  of  sound  mind;  mentally  unbalanced. 

non"M'on-iiiic'ior.  n      3omethlng  that  offers  resistance  to 

•   form  of  energ-  .  as,  a  nontondvetm  of 

heat  or  electricity      non"»con-dact'lng,  pa.     non"  eon- 

i.irm'i.i.  n      One  who  does  not  conform  to  established 

nun"  riiii-form'l-ty,  n. 

non 'de-script,  1   nen'di-ekript;  L'  niSn'de-seript.     I.  a. 
indescribable;  odd     II.  <       \  person  or  thmg  very  odd 
and  difficult  to  describe;  anything  not  yet  described. 
L.  descriptus,  pp.  of  describo;  see  deschibe.) 
nonet,  n.    Noon. 

none*  1  nun;  2  non.    La,   Not  one;  no  one;  no.    Jl.  pron. 
Notone;noone;  no  part;  used  as  sing,  or  pi.     Ill-  adv. 
t  at  all.     I  <  AS.  ne,  not,  +  an,  one.] 
>n-en'tl-ty,  1  non-en'ti-ti;  2  n&a-€n'ti-ty,  n.     [-ties*. 


lu-lar 
non'-com-mls'- 

non'Tfim-pll'ance 
non'-com-plFant 

non'-ef-IVrlent 

non'-e-lec'trto 

non'»es-seu'tlal 
non*-ex-is'tetit 
non"-ln-ilur'tive 
non^ln'ter-course 


non"«re-sls'tance 
non'«re 

noir-sei'-ta'rl-an 

non"«sub-sirlli'iT 

non-terirni-ral 

non-u'nlon 

non«u'nlon-lsm 

noii'U'nlon-lst 

non«us'er 

non-viii'om-ous 

non-vo'ral 

non-\  ol'a-tllc 


non -en 


1:8  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sinn;    Olin     this  no(' 

535     2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;    ink;    thin,    this.   Northwest 


pi.]     1.  The  negation  of  being;  non-existence.     2.  A 
person  or  thing  of  no  account;  a  nobody,     [non-;  and 

see  ENTITY.] 

nones,  1  nonz;  2  non§,  n.  pi.  1.  Rom.  Antiq.  The  ninth  day 
before  the  ides  in  the  Roman  calendar.  2.  R.  C.  &  Gr. 
Chs.  The  canonical  office,  recited  between  noon  and  3 
P.  M.    [F.,  <  L.  nonus.  ninth.  <  novcm,  nine.] 

none'such",  1  nun'such";  2  non'sOch",  n.  Formerly,  a  person 
or  thing  having  no  equal;  an  unexampled  thing.  non'sueh"J. 

no-nil 'lion,  1  no-nil'yan;  2  no-nil'yon,  n.  A  cardinal 
number:  In  the  French  and  American  numeration  de- 
noted by  1  followed  by  thirty  ciphers;  in  the  English 
system,  1  with  fifty-four  ciphers. 

non-ju'ror,  re.  Eng.  Hist.  An  English  or  Scotch  clergyman 
refusing  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  after  the  Revolution 
of  1688.    [<  non-  +  'L.jnro.  swear.] 

nonnet,  n.    A  nun. — non'ner-ye,  n.    Nunnery. 

non"pa-reil',  1  nen"p6-rel';  2  non"pa-rel'.  I.  a.  Of  un- 
equaled  excellence.  II.  n.  1.  Something  of  unequaled 
excellence.  2.  A  size  of  type  between  agate  and  minion. 
See  type.  3.  One  of  various  birds  of  brilliant  coloring, 
as  the  painted  finch,  of  the  southern  United  States. 
[F.,  <  non,  not  (<  L.  non;  see  non-)  ,+  pareil,  equal,  ult.  < 
L.  par,  equal.] 

non 'plus,  1  non'plus;  2  non'plus.  I.  vt.  [non'pltjsed' 
or-PLussED*,  non'plust8;  non'plus-ing  Or-PLTJB-BING.l 
To  bring  to  a  stand  by  disconcerting.  II.  n.  A  mental 
standstill;  perplexity.    [  <  L.  non,  not,  -f-  plus,  more.] 

non  pros.,  abbr.  [L.]  Non  prosequitur  (he  does  not  prose- 
cute). 

nonsres'i-dent.  I.  a.  Not  resident  in  a  place.  II.  n.  One 
not  permanently  residing  in  a  particular  place. — non=rcs'- 
i-dence,  n. 

non 'sonsv,  1  nen'sens;  2  non'sens,  n.  1.  That  which  is 
without  sense,  or  without  good  sense;  absurdity.  2. 
[Colloq.]  Things  of  no  importance.  —  non-sen  'si-cal,  a. 
— non-sen 'si-cal-Iy,  adv. — non-sen 'si-cal-ness,  n. 

non  seq.,  abbr.    [L.]    Non  sequitur. 

non  seq'ui-tur,  1  non  sek'wi-tor;  2  non  sck'wl-tur.  An  Ir- 
relevant conclusion.    [L..  literally.  It  docs  not  follow.] 

non'suit",  1  nen'siut";  2  non'sut".  Law.  ld.vt.  To  order 
the  dismissal  of  the  suit  of .  II.  n.  1.  The  abandonment 
of  a  suit.  2.  A  judgment  dismissing  a  suit.  [  <  OF.  non 
suit,  he  does  not  followJ_ 

noo'dle1,  1  nu'dl;  2  noo'dl,  re.   [Colloq]  A  simpleton. 

noo'dle2,  re.  A  strip  of  dried  dough,  of  the  character  of 
macaroni,  for  use  in  soup,  etc.    [  <  G.  nudel,  macaroni.] 

nook,  1  nuk;  2  nook,  n.  A  narrow  and  retired  place, 
[<  Gael,  niuc,  nook.l— nook'siiot"ten||,  a.  Abounding  in 
nooks  and  corners,  either  of  land  or  water. 

noon,  1  nun;  2  noon,  n.  That  time  of  day  when  the  sun 
is  in  the  meridian;  midday.  [<  AS.  non,  <  L.  nana, 
fem.  of  nonus,  ninth.]  — noon 'day".  I.  a.  Pertaining  to 
midday.  II.  n.  The  middle  of  the  day. — iioon'ing,  n.  A 
time  of  rest  taken  at  noon .  — noon'tide".  I.  a.  Occurring 
at  noon.    II.  n.    Noon,    noon'timc":. 

noose,  1  nfis;  2  noos.  I.  vt.  [noosed*,  noo.ht8;  noos'- 
ing.]  1.  To  capture  with  a  noose;  ensnare;  hang.  2.  To 
tie  in  or  provide  with  a  noose.  II.  n.  A  slip-knot. 
[Prob.  <  L.°F+Freodws,  knot.] 

n.  0.  p.,  abbr.    Not  otherwise  provided  for. 

nor,  1  ner;  2  nor,  conj.  And  not;  likewise  not.  [Contr.  of 
ME.  wither,  var.  of  neither,  NEITHER.] 

Nor.,  abbr.    Norman,  North. 

Nor'folk,  1  nor'fnk;  2  nor'fok,  n.    1.  A  county  In]     El 
2.044  sq.  m.:  pop.  4'J'J.1 10.    2.  A  seaport  clt]   In  8    E.  VlJ 
glnia;  pop.  89,612;  a  naval  station  and  coaling  point, 

no'ri-a,  1  no'n-u;  2  no'ri-a,  n.    A  water*raising apparatus 
consisting   of   a   large  wheel  having 
buckets  on  its  rim:   used  m  the  Le- 
vant, Spain,  etc.   [Sp.,  <  Ar. 

nor'land,  a.  &  n.    Same  as  NORTHLAND, 
norm,  1  norm;  2  norm,  re.    I.  A  rule  or 

authoritative   standard.       2.     fll 

typical  structural  unit.    [<  L.  norma,  „5g 

rule] 

nor'mal,  1  neVmel;  2  nor'mal,  " 
1.  In  accordance  with  an  e  tabu  ihed 
law  or  principle;    confonnin 


$* 


B 


Norla 
Constil 


type  or  standard;  regular;  natural.    «•  « 
standard;  model,     -i.  Oeom    Perpendicular.    *.  Php 
ics.  Average;  mean.    5.  Chem.  Standard;  typioal.     I- 
L.  normally .  <  norma,  rule.] 

Syn-  common,  natural,  ordinary,  regular,  I 
That  whin,  Is  natural  Is  according  to  i  blcnla 

normal  Is  according  to   the  Standard   or   rule  whi.-l,   Is  ob- 
served or  claimed  to  prevail  In  nature;  :,  .|rf,,-i 

natural,  symmetry  Is  normal;  th,  ;  pi  ""  ","" 

la  black   while  the  normal  color  ol  the  sparrow 
one  is  as  natural  a»  the  o  "  M  :,n 

assemblage  of  qualities  as  ;><-clmcn.  genua,  etc., 


a  type  of  some  more  comprehensive  group,  while  normal  Is 
more  commonly  applied  to  the  parts,  qualities,  etc.,  of  a 

single  object;  thOSDI  ileal;  color,  si/e.  and  other 

characteristics  normal.  The  regular  is  that  which  la  steady 
and  constant,  as  opposed  to  that  which  is  tltful  and  ehange- 

nnal  action  of  the  heart  is  regular.  That  « 
common  or  USUal  Is  shared  by  a  great  number  of  •, 
or  th:  umon;   general;    natural;    i  >i  u 

Ant.:  abnormal,  exceptional.  Irregular,  monstrous,  rare,  un- 
common, unprecedented,  unusual  normal  school,  i 
school  for  tin-  training  Of  pupils  to  become  teachers.  —  nor- 
mal 'l-ty,  re.— nor'nial-ly,  adc. 

nor'mal,  n.     1.   A   usual  ur  accepted  rule  or  pi 
2.  Average  or  mean  value.     :j.  A  perpendicular. 

Nor'man,  1  nor'man;  2  nor'man.     I.  a.     Pertaining  to 
Normandy,  or  to  the  Normans.     II.  n.     A   nal 
Normandy.    [OF.,  <  Dan.  Normond,  <  no 
mand,  man.]— Norman  architecture,  the  form  assumed  bj 
Romanesque  architecture  in  Normandy.  Introduced  thence 
into  England.— N.  Conquest,  thesubjt  agland 

by  William  of  Normandy  In  the  11th  century.  V  English, 
English  as  spoken  in  the  period  following  the  Norn, at.  Con- 
quest (12th-14th  cent.).— N.  French,  the  dialect  of  French 

spoken   by  the  Norman  conquerors  of   England. 

Nor'maii-dy,  1  ner'man-di:  2  nor'man-dy,  n.  An  ancient 
duchy  and  later  a  province  of  N.  Prance. 

Norn,  1  nern;  2  norn,  re.  [NORNS,  Nok'niu,  ]  nor,,/,  nf.r'mr; 
2  norns,  iior'mr.  pj.j  \  ■  -  ,  Myth.  One  of  the  three  giant 
goddesses  deciding  the  destinies  ol  men  and  gods     Nor'nat. 

Norse,  1  ners;  2  n&rs.  I.  n  Pertaining  to  Scandinavian 
countries,  or  to  their  peoples  or  langu  ll.        The 

Scandinavian     lanj  pecially     the     Iceland,,-, 

known  as  Old  No  I  .  <  nordhr,  north.] 

— Norse  'man,  n.  An  ancient  Scandinavian.  North 'man:. 

north,  1  north;  2  north.    I.  a.    1.  Lying  toward  or  in  the 

north.     2.  Issuing  from  1 1,'- mi,,  1,      Q.  i        1.  One  of  the 

four  cardinal  points  of  the  compass:  opposed  to 
2.  Any  region  north  ot  t.    \-]  Specif- 

ically: |l.  S  |  That  portion  north  of  the  former  .-lave- 
holdingStates     III.'  ["owat  I  the  north;  northerly 

[<  AS.  north.] — nortli'Vast',  n.    That  point  of  the  hori- 
zon lying    midway   between    north    and 
lying  toward  that  point.     north"ea8t',  i  S  imrtli"- 

east'er,  n.     A  gale  or  storm  coming  from  the  north, 
nortli'Vast 'er-ly,  a.      nortli'Vast  'cm,  ,i       north 

ward,  -Iy,  adv.    Toward  the  northeast      oorth'mo 

north 'em-most;,      north   star,   the  nortli'- 

ward,  a.     Directed  or  lying  toward  the  north     north'- 
ward,   north 'wards,   adv.     In   a   northerly 
iiorth'ward-ly,  ,;.  .V  </</•'.    -nortli"wrst ',  n       I 
the  compass  lying  midway  between  north  and  wt 

region  situated  toward  that  point        nortlnie    I 

1. 1    age  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  I 
coasts  of  America;  the  ob  i  t  tploratlon  toi 

years;  traversed  by  McClure,  1850  1854,  but  found 
tumble  for  commerce     north"west',       &  north"- 

west'er,  n.    A  gale  from  the  northwest      north"wi 

I]  ,  a       north"we-.|'ern.  u.  —  nortll"«es(  'w.inl,  -I- 

Toward  the  northwest. 
North.      1.   Christopher,    pen-name   of   John 

Frederick,  Lord    (1732   1792),  a   British    prime   n 
r,    pon  Ible  for  Uni  rlcan  Revolutlonai 
North-amp 'ton,  I   aerCb-amp'ten  I 

EngU  ,  |.  ]  30 1,800    '-'   \  manutartur 

Ingbo 

cent! 
North  Cape.     \  I  [ 

northerly  point  In  i  urope 

North   tar  "o-ll'na. 

state  of  the  i  alted  Stati 

North  Da-ko'ta,  I  6 

ol  the  1  ■  s,j  m  ;  pop 

north 'er,        A  north  wi  i  noi  l 

adv.    north'ern.    I.  a     I.  Pi  rtninii 

i  iirected  toward  or  coming  from  the  no         1 1 

erner     north'ern-cr,  n     t)n, 
North'ern  Ter'rl-to-rj 

\   ,,i  20         latlt     ■ 

pop    t  0  0 
Dorth'lng,  <  i 

i 

n, ,•  nortb     ■-'■     l*tron     No  Hi  ,  ; 

-  tht  north 
North 'man, 

Norl  li   Kl\  'er.       I  lie    Hurt  '",   n., 

North  Sea. 
n,-  contlnpnl  of  i 

'••  'o, an 

North-um'brl-a,    I    ndrtl 

Ni'.'r'l'l'i  "we^f   |.  r   rl-to-r).     I.    \ 


Norton 

n  i.  tin  r.tl 


\..r    al 


I  


I.     \ 

•v  In  tin- 
wlch.    A 


I.        I. 

;. 
I.  II. 

i  toining 

:.   i 
I. 

nosedive 

■ 
lom  hi  dom  .  nose  'bleed", 

l 



Do* '»-, 

nos- 
do»>  ii i.»-k.v.  en  of  medical 

Uiat  in.il- 

11..-   i»lo«  l-<  al, 

rj.  I'aihoi.  Severe  or 
morbid  bomestckneaB.    [  return,  +  ai0i 

n. .--i.ii  fh 
ii • » -  iril.  ;  •  :  the  anterior 

- 
[...-   mini.    ;  .  1 .     '       ivorite 

'I.  Anything 
.  we.] 

'■■lit ;  in 
.i  of  the  ex]  u 

M.n,  probibi- 

■  ■•!  I     ) 

ii. i  i.i-iili-  .i  I.  a.     worthy  of 

-    i  .   '  II.         I . 

distinguished, 
moned 

I    CITSeS. 

-II llo't.l-bll     j-l  |  . 

l  I.  son  of  diailm 

ma  i  i-i.li . 
iiui  .i-iil  i   .  bl,  a.    Eminently  careful, 

g  —not  'a-blj  . 
u.  ii-r>.    .  ry,    n.      [-BIBB*,   ;»/ )     An 

oft-.'    ' 

1 1 ,  ■ '  i  -t-r  >  [iiiii'lii  . .  ■.*.  Formerly,  a  scrivener, 

-al, 

I 
of  designat:ii/  !•>   fi/up  -.  i-te.     'i.    \ny  system  oi  signs, 

onvenience  in 
• 

tion  i- 

;:\L.       {<     L. 

noleb,  •  I.I 

ii...  h  .  i  :.   .  '.i.  i  o 

tally     II.  "     LA 
lentation.    'i. 

'■■ 

rnil<-.  I  1. 

.'. 

',.      |  I, 

II.  I.  An 

.'. 

3.  A  written  com- 
tter.    4.  ion.    5. 

6, 

.yth  of  a  tone,  and  its  position  in  the 


i  a  B        8     "       full,  rftlr:   but,  I'ftrn; 

It.  I        ,  i  ,.     ,.    ,,       o  .      '>^c> 

■,.;.• 

It, 

111    Mil  til . 

».    i  ility  ol  ■  painting     |F., 

i  know  i    Syii    m  •  remark; 

ii. .i.     booh   .         \  i k  in  » liloh  to  enter 

n.. i  ..I.        Well  known  bj  reputation  or  re- 

llul  Vd-I)  ,  ,uh 

in. i  .■;-n.  --.  .. .  i  ..r  paper  <>t  the 

i  i  inii-.i  business  heading 
le*«,  I.  'ii. 

note  paper,  a     Writing-paper,  about 
note  Mur"iii> .         w  orth}  ol  di 
marks  note'wor"thMy,adi      note'wor"thl-ncsi(,n. 

■mill  'Inic,  1  lull,  i  I.  n     I.  No!  an)  being 

'.   \    iii.-  ..i  ni.n-i  tisteno      :t. 
A  trifle.    4.  M ath    V  cipher,    II.  odi      [n'nodcgi 

at  all        lli>(iriim-ll(--.  I.    \         i ...ii-.  x. 

S.  W 
DO    I  n  ■-.  I  I.     '       [ho'TICI  ii'.   W( 

no  'tis*,  J  i .  ;  .'.I 

ike  remarks  upon     4.  To  no!  ■">. 

q.J  To  treat  with  attention     Q.  n,    I.  Theaotof 
n.. 1 1 

num.  :i.  I:      icctful  treatment     4,  An  order  com- 

munj  i  ty.]     no'tlce-a- 

M  (  .         iiii'ii<-r-.i-i>l).  no'tl-fy,  i/     [-run;    n'- 

i.  To  give  notice  to:  Inform  '.'.  ro  publish,  s.vn  : 
mil  no  "tl-Ii-i  a'llon,  n.  1.  The  act  Of 
notifying  2.  Notice  given.  .1.  The  writing  that  gh 
formation.  im'H-ii 
Mii'iiiui,  i  ii.".'- 1 1  .n;  2  nfi'shon,  n  1.  A  mental  apprehen- 
sion; an  idi  .'.  ly,  an  opinion;  a  hastily  formed 
theory.  8.  |<  loUoq.]  Intention;  inclination  4.  [<  !olloq  ) 
Any  small  convemenoe:  usually  in  the  plural.    [F.,  < 

1..  not  0  ■'.  know]     Syn.:  BOS  101  \; 

thought,     no'tlon-al, a.  I.  Pertaining  to  notions  or  eon- 

•'.  i   .kiIhl;  iii  Imagination  onlj .    -i.  <  liven  to  i 
taming  i»-i  Ideas  or  hobbles,     no'tion-al-ly,  ode. 
no  'to-.  /  1  ao'to-,  net-;  :.'  nffto-,  not-.    From  Greek  fl 
mil-,     (back:  combining  forms,     no'to-ehord,  n.     \  car- 
tilaginous rmi  formed  In  the  early  embryo  In  a  situation 
afterward  o  ■  >ro.] 

n(i"tn-ri'r-ty,  1  n6"to-roi'i-ti; 2  no'to-rl'e-tj 
pi.]    1.  The  character  of  being  -'•  I  lommon 

knowledge  or  talk.    3.  <  Ine  who  or  that  which  i^  noto- 

mulring  known,   <  nosco,  know.) 

Syn.:  see  i  ksn  no-to'rl-oos,  n.  Being  publicly  known 
and  the  subjecl  of  general  unfavorable  remark,  Syn.: 
Ident,  known,  manifest,  obvious,  open,  overt, 
patent,  plain,  undeniable,  uniicnii-ii,  undisputed,  unques- 
tionable', well-known, 

no-to'rl-ous-Iy,  adv.— no-to'rl-oiis-ness,  n 
nn"(o-trc'ii!a,  n.    a  pouoh>toad  (genua  Nototrema)  or  the 

marsupial  frog,    [koto  '.rlma,  hole.] 

Not'tlng-ham,  1    net'in-sm;   \l  nOt'ing-am,  n    1.  English 

county;  Ml  s.|  tn  ;  pop.  604,098.  2.  a  borough  In  central 

[often,  any  wind.    [L.J 

No'tas.  1  nfl'i  n.    The  south  or  southwest  wind; 

nofwlth-stand'lng,  1  net* with-stand'm :  2  not'wlth- 

i  the  fact ;  ne\  ertheless. 
imt"«  I  Hi --.kind  'Ins;,  /■/.  p.    Without  regard  to. 

.  .     oi  been  allowed  to 

wlthsi  primarily  to  personal 

and  perhaps  spiteful  opposition;  as,  he  failed 
<n<7  his  good  Intern  o 

w  in  i.  i  ■  pplled  to 

Inanhn  net  hln  •  ol  i location; 

orm  bad  a  hostile 
pnrp  the  undertaking. 

notVwltb-stand'Ing;,  a  Fact  that 

Syn.:  altho,  but,  wever,   nevertheless,  still, 

tiio.  ■   mi,, pi'.-   wal  d,   and    <'•••'■  e 

-•  hale  /!'/"'"  U  i his  Is  true"; 

'  ruth  of  what  ;  riaims 

thai  What  follow-  i 

.  e,  admit    i  he  one  and  its 

■nnnitng  contradlci  ter,  while  insisting  that  it 

ot,  after  all,  withstand  the  othei  landing 

the  force  of  the  enemy  Is  super!  conquer,     )'<( 

.    weal  ■  r  i  turn  ■  hlle  stronger 

than  'mi     Tho  and  altho  make  as  uttl  e  of  the 

dropping  It,  as  it  were,  incidentally;  as.  "tho 

we  an-  i-'iillty.  thou  art  good";  to  -.r.    "we  arc  guilty,  '>"' 

thou  an  good,"  would  make  the  concession  of  i:uiit  more 

emphatic     Bee  but. 
nought,  l  net .  ^  not,  a  a-  n  i  oht. 

nnu'mi'-nal,  1   nufor  nau')mi-n;il;  2  nu'I»r  nou']me-nal,  a. 

or  or  pertaining  to  the  noumenon  or  '*t riinii  in  itself":  op- 
ti    [<  Gr.  noownenon.  neut.  ppr.  pass,  of 

noeO.  tliluk.  <  noo3,  mind.)— nou'me-nal-ly,  adt 


l:a  =  final;    I  =  hablt^   aisle:    ail  =  out;    ell;    iu  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    T}  =  e\ng;    fhin,   this.  Norton 

537     2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,       numeral 


noun,  1  naun;2  noun,  n.  Gram.  1.  A  word  used  as  the 
name  of  a  thing,  quality,  or  action  existing  or  conceived 
by  the  mind;  a  substantive.  2.  Anything  that  can  be 
used  aa  subject,  object,  or  appositive,  as  a  substantive 
clause.    [OF.,  <  L.  nomen,  name.l 

A  proper  noun  is  the  name  of  an  individual  as  distin- 
guished from  others  of  the  same  class,  as  John,  London:  a 
common  noun  is  the  name  an  individual  object  has  in 
common  with  others  of  its  class,  as  man,  city,  hill;  a  col- 
lective noun  is  one  expressing  a  collection  or  aggregate  of 
individuals,  as  assembly,  army;  an  abstract  noun  is  one 
indicating  a  quality,  as  goodness,  beauty. 

nour'ish1,  1  nur'ish;  2  nur'ish,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  furnish 
material  to  sustain  the  life  and  promote  the  growth  of 
(a  living  organism).  2.  Hence,  to  support;  maintain. 
3.  To  furnish  with  knowledge;  educate.  II.  i.  To  pro- 
mote growth  and  repair  waste.  [  <  F.  nourrir,  <  L. 
nutrio,  nurse.]  Syn.:  see  cherish. — nour'ish-a-bl(e,  a. — 
nour'ish-er,  n. — nour'ish-lng,  pa. — nour'isn-ment,  n. 

I.  Nutriment.  2.  The  act  of  nourishing.  3.  That  which 
promotes  growth  in  any  way.  Syn.:  see  food;  nutriment. 

nou"veau'  riche,  1  nu"vo'  risTi;  2  nu'vo'  rich.  [F.]  One  re- 
cently become  rich;  a  parvenu.— hou"velle'  riche  (Jem.). 

Nov.,  abbr.    November. 

No'va  Sco'tia,  1  no'va  sko'slia;  2  no'va  scG'sha.  A  maritime 
province  of  E.  Canada;  21,428  sq.  m.;  pop.  492,338;  capital, 
Halifax. 

No'va  Zera'bla,  1  zem'bla;  2  zem'bla.  Russian  islands  in 
the  Arctic  ocean;  34,500  sq.  m.;  practically  uninhabited. 

nov'el,  1  nev'el  or  nov'l;  2  nov'el  or  nov'l.  I.  o.  Of 
recent  origin;  new,  strange,  or  unusual.  II.  n.  A  ficti- 
tious tale,  assuming  to  portray  real  life  and  actual  emo- 
tions in  the  characters  depicted.  [OF.,  <  L.  novellas, 
dim.  of  novus,  new.)  Syn.:  (adjective)  see  fresh;  modern; 
new;  (noun)  see  fiction. — nov"el-ette',  n.  A  short  novel. 
— nov'el-lst,  n.  A  writer  of  novels. — nov'el-ty,  n. 
[-ties2,  pi.]  1.  The  quality  of  being  novel.  2.  Something 
novel  or  unusual.    3.  An  innovation.    Syn.:  see  change. 

No-vem'ber,  1  no-vem'bar;  2  no-v6m'ber,  n.  The 
eleventh  month  of  the  year,  having  30  days.  [  <  L. 
November,  ninth  month  of  the  Roman  year,  <  novem,  nine.] 

no-ve'na,  1  no-vi'ne;  2  no-ve'na,  n.  [LL.]  R.  C.  Ch.  A  de- 
votion consisting  of  a  prayer  said  on  nine  successive  days, 
asking  for  some  special  blessing.    neu"vaine'J:. 

nov'e-na-ry,  1  nov'i-ne-n;  2  n6v'e-na-ry,  a.  Relating  to  the 
number  nine.  [<  L.  novenarius,  <  novem,  nine.] — no-vcn'- 
ni-al,  a.     Occurring  every  ninth  year. 

nov'ice, )  1  nov'is;  2  nov'ic,  n.     1.  A  beginner;  tyro.    2. 

nov'is8,  J  Specifically,  one  who  enters  a  religious  house 
on  probation.  (F.,  <  L.  novicius,  new.] — no-vi'li-ate, 
n.  1.  The  state  of  being  a  novice:  a  period  of  probation.  2. 
The  part  of  a  monastic  establishment  Inhabited  by  novices. 
3.  A  novice,    no-vi'ci-atej. 

no'vo-ca"lne,  1  no'vo-ka"ln;  2  no'vo-ea"in,  n.  Chcm.  A  non» 
irritant  local  anesthetic  used  as  a  substitute  for  cocaine. 

mi>  \  din,  1  no'vum;  2  no'vum,  n.  An  old  game  with  dice.  In 
which  the  principal  throws  were  nine  and  live.  [L.]  no'- 
vem  quln'quel. 

now,  1  nuu;  2  now.    I.  n.    The  present  time  or  moment. 

II.  adv.  1.  At  once.  2.  At  or  during  the  present  time. 
3.  A  little  while  ago;  recently.  4.  Things  bring  so;  in 
such  circumstances.  [<  AS.  nU,  now.]  Syn.:  see  uu  m- 
ately;  yet. — now'a-days",  adv.  in  the  present  time  or 
age. — now  and  then,  occasionally;  from  I  hue  to  time. 

no 'way",  1  no' we";  2  nG'wa",  adv.    In  no  way,  manner,  or 

degree.    no'ways"f. 
no'where",  adv.    In  no  place  or  state, 
no'whith"er,  adv.    Toward  no  definite  place, 
no'wise",  adv.    In  no  manner  or  degree. 
Nox,  1  noks;  2  noks,  n.    class.  Myth.    The  goddess  of  night, 

oldest  of  the  fabled  deities.    [L., night.]    tiyxt- 
nox'ious,  l  nek' alius;  2  ndk'shtis,  ".    '  lausing,  or  tending 

to  cause,  injury,  as  to  health  <>r  morals;  pernicious.    [  < 

L.   noxius,    <    noceo.   hurl]      noy'OUSt.     Syn.:   see   had; 

inimical;  noisome;  peknicioi's.    -ly,  ad",    -lie--,  n 
noz'Ke1', )  1  noz'l;  2  noz'l,  n.     A  spout  lor  disobarge  of 

llo/'/le,    (  Liquid,  as  from  a.  hose. 

N.  P.,  nMir.    New  Providence,  »>  I  prlus  <t...  unless 

Notarv  Public.      N.  S.,  nl'hr      New  Scries.  New  Style,  Nova 

Scotia,  -n.  s.,  abbr.  Not  specified.  N.8.  W.fo66r.  New 
South  Wales.— N.  T.,  abbr.     New  Testament,   Ni 

Territory.  — n.  u.,  abbr.     Name  unknown. 

nu"ance',  1  nu'flns';  2  nu'anc',  n  [I  i  *  ihade  of  difference 
in  color;  hence,  a  slight  degree  of  difference  in  an 

perceptible  to  the  mind 

nubbin,  i  oub'in;  2  aub'ln,  n.    [Colloq.,  V.  s|    An  Impcr 

fectly  developed  ear  of  maize     [Dim  of  »u6,  var  of  knob.] 

Nu'hi-a,  1  nin'bi-.-t:  2  nfl'bl-a,  n.    A  region  of  N.  Africa       oi 

Egypt,  between  the  Red  Sea  anil  the  Sahara:  mostly  desert. 
280.0IK)  sq,  m.     Nu'bl-an,  a.  A-  // 
nu'hllM"',  1   nia'bil;  2  nfl'bil,  <t.     <>f  suitable  Bge  to  marry; 
marriageable.    (<  h.nuiillls.  ■    nubo,  wed.] 


nu'bi-Ious,   1   Dlu'bi-lus;  2  nQ'bi-lus,  a.     cloudy.     [<    F. 

nubileux,  <  L.nvbilvs,  <  nudes,  cloud.]    na'hMoset. 
nu-cif'er-ous,  l  niu-sif'ar-us;  :_>  nO-cIf'er-Us,  a.    Bat.    Xui- 

bearing.    [<  L.  mix  (nitc-).  nut.  -I-  fero.  bear.] 
nu'cle-US,  1  niu'kh-n.-;  2  iiuVle-us,  n.     [-ole-i,  pi]     1. 

A  center  of  development;  central  mass;  kernel.     2. 

Specificallj  i  1 1 1  B*ot  A  round  or  oval  body  embedded 

in  the  protoplasm  of  a  cell.     [2)  Anal.  A  group  of  cells 

from  which  nerve-libers  originate, 

or  earliest-formed  i>art  of  a  shell.  (41  The  .-tar-like 
point  seen  in  the  head  of  a  comet.  |l.  .  dun  of  mix 
(nuc-).  nut.]— nu'i'lt-ar,  o.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  of  the 
nature  of ,  a  nucleus,  nu'cle-ai}.-  nu'cle-ate.  1. 
To  form  or  gather  Into  a  nucleus.  II.  .:.  Having  a  nucleus. 
nu'clc-at"edj.-  nu-ele'o-lus,  n.  dim. 

nude,  1  niCul;  2  nud,  a.  Destitute  oi  clothing  or  covering; 
naked.     (1)  Art.  Having  no  draper;.  Made 

without  a  consideration.  (3)  Hot.  &  /,.,>/.  Having  no 
hair,  feathers,  scales,  leaves,  or  the  like.  [<  I.,  audits, 
naked,  bare.]  -ly,  adv. — nu-da'tlon,  n.  The  act  of  mak- 
ing nude—  nu'di-ty,  n.  [-ties'-.  /;/.]  The  state  of  being 
nude;  a  naked  part ;  anything  unclad. 

nudge,  1  nuj;  2  nude.    I.  it.    [nudged;  nudo'ing.]    To 

touch  or  push  gently,  as  with  the  elbow.      II.  u.     The 

act  of  nudging.    [Form  of  knock.] 

nu'ga-to-ry,  1  niQ'ga-to-ri ;  2  nu'ga-to-ry,  a.     1.  Having 
no  power;  inoperative,    2.  Saving  no  worth  or  meaning. 
[<   L.  nugatorius,   <   nuga\  trifles.]     Syn.:  Bee  i-iii  — 
nu'ga-to-rl-ly,  adv. — nu'ga-to-rl-nc--.  ■ 

nug'get,  1  nug'et;  2  nugV-t,  n.  A  lump,  as  of  gold, 
found  in  a  free  state.  [Dim.  of  nag,  lump  )  miic  gei-> . 
a.    1.  Found  in  the  form  of  nugget-.    2.  Nugget- 

nui'sauce,  1  niu'sans;  2  nQ'sanc,  a.    1.  Thai  which  an- 
noys, vexes,  or  harms.    2.  That   which  by  its 
exist e in -i-  works  annoyance  oi  damage  to  anothei     1 1   . 
<  LL.  nocentta,  hurt.]   Syn_- see  abomination. 

nul(lp,  1  nul;2  nul.    !§.«(.    To  make  void;  annul     II. 

I.  Of  no  legal  force  or  effect;  void.     8.  Having  no 
tence.    3.  Of  no  avail.    III.  n.    Something  that  has  DO 
force  or  no  meaning;  a  cipher.    [<  L.  nuUtts,  DO,  none] 
Syn.:  see  useless. 

nul'll-tid'l-un   ,  1  nul"i-fld'i-on:  2  mil-l-fld'l-an     I. 

lug  no  religious  faith.    II.  n.    <  'tie  n  ho  ha-  no  religion-  faith 

[<  I.,  ntil/us  (see  NULL,  d.i 
nul'li-fy,  1  iml'i-fui;  2  nul'i-fj  .  vl      |-i  n  o;  -i  i '  ino  I      1  •• 

deprive  of  force  or  effect;  make  void;  annul       |<   1. 1.. 

nuiu/ico,  <  L.  ntUliu  [see  tn  1 1 

abolish:  anm  i.;  cancel,     niil"ll-ft-ca'tloii,  n     The  act 

of  nullifying:  in  l'nited  State-  ln-tor\  .  the  Olall 

a  stale  to  refuse  obedience  to  the  ia» -  of  the  united 

as  by  South  Carolina  in  1832       mil  'M-li'Vr.  n       iiul'll-(>. 

n.     [-TIES2,  ;;(.]     I. 'file  state  of  being  null      '.'.  A  innieiit  II  j 

;{.  Late,  a  void  actor  Instrument 
Num.,  Numb.,  abbr.    Numbers,     mini..  •'  ■       Numeral 
\ii 'ma  Pom-pll'i-us,  l  DiO'ms  pem-piil-us;  L'  afl'ma  pom* 

pu'l-tts.    The  second  king  of  Kuin.  I.  (  '.) 

numb, )  1  ntim;  2  num.    I.  it.    To  deprive  of  tht 
Diim9,  )  of  sensation;  benumb     II.  a     Destitute,  whollj 

or  partially,  of  tie'  power  ol  sensation  oi  ol 

numbed.    [<AS  numen.pp  of niman, take.] 
Syn.:  benumbed,  deadened,  dull,  Insenslbli 

paralysed,  Btupefled,  torpid      Ant.:  feolino   Impn  Hlooablc, 

sensitive,  sentient        mi  nil>'l>  .    ■...        mi  .ii  h  '  ii. 

ntiiu'bcr,  lnom'ber;2  nunvbei     I-    I    l.Toenumi 
count.    *i.  To  reckon     ^t.  To  designate  bj  aumbei     i. 
To  amount  to.    5.  To  limit  to  a  small  oi  Bnitenumbei 

II.  n     1. 1  be-  of  aserie   - il    yrobol    u 

classifying  quantities;  a  oumoral  '..  \  colli  Hon  ol 
uniis     .'t.  I  be    i di  nee  oi  numeral     often  in  the  plural 

4.  i  Ine  oi  a  Dumber  d  sei  ^       '<■  P 

of  ten  in  the  plural  <>.  Oram  The  form  of  inflection  that 
indicates  whet  her  one  t  lung  oi  I  ■ 

i i    numi  ro.  Dumber  I   Byn     •■  •  kw-i 

mini  'hcr-er , ft       mmi'licr-les-.   •      I.  Very  DUmeroi 

Having  no  Dumber  wrn 

Nuin'iirrs,  i  Dum'bsrs;  2  DOm'bors,  n     Thi  fourth  ' 
i  tn  ivi,   Lteuch 

Illllirille-t.  pj.  Vl.  '  deer      |n|    

nil   iiiit-:iI.      I.  I.    I 

Pertaining  tonumbei     II.        i 

to  expie         ;,  nilllllier        See   table  -Hi   . 

A  word  i  bat  oxpn     •     ounibpt 

,,,  oou 

mm   nor-  i-bl  ■>■'■.  a      That  D1  '"'   ••<>  ' 

nl-ly.  adv.      mi'mer-:i-r>.   ./ 

MMMOr-lle,    -I      .'. 

COUnt        iiM"iiier-a  'IIcmi.  I 

in- ibei      I. Enumeration     nu'mei    i   lot         I.  Ins 

.1    u   fraction    the  u  rm  thni  ■■'  ""' 

Onewhooount       nu«mer'l-cal,        i.  I       lining  to  num- 


\  mm, I;  i 


11  I  I  •  I  ii.  >i        n  ut.  I.Orn; 

..I  it         .      .         .       ,  iii  i  ii,  not,  Or,  won, 


SSfl 


.11    in,  r-.,ii-. 

ii    in.  r-.ui.-in  -.. 


I 

1 

1  \ 

It 

\  l\ 

1  w 

« 

\\ 

I.XXN 

\ 

\\  1 

XI 

\\  II 

1 

XVIII 

1 1 

- 

\  111 

i   M 

9 

w 

M 

\ 

XXX 

Mi    M 

XI 

XI 

•i      \l 

\ii-ml  t   !-  .  -it  klng- 

,     tlir  modern    \ 
V  ti-  in  1.1   l-in. 

iiuiiil.  . 

mi    iiil.-ni.it    i,  .    . 

%:—■  Mil     llll--lll.ll    l-tal     .        iiu'inl  — 

mat   Ii  -.  nil-nil-   - 

IIU-t.,1    i»-g)  Illl-llll-    III  l-li     I. 

nam  -kuii  .     .  \  block- 

Dam    -kill       .  -  :   I  |.  '] 

nun.  I.  lifrious 

in,  mot  hi  r  ] 
nun    Mrd    .  '    having    black 

plumasv.  usually  »  nun'inr-i . 

*  ■  1 1  u 

nun  in-!..  nun's'ivplflni;, 

■  >ih  t..r  m  ding 

"i«         D  -       I    ii-.  I  nupc  dl-mlt'ls.     The 

car.;  i    thou" 

nun  i  !-«i.   .  I.  An  ordinary 

ambassador  •■:'  t:  ■  ,iirt .    '.'.  Any  111.-- 

i  ]     nun  'ri-ii-   . 
nun  i  I.  • . 
nun  .  u-|>.i    in   ...  Iriu-pS'tlV  or  non-lriu'pe-tiv; ;2 

illy  of  :i  will.     [  < 
.•uTipo.  call  i  nan-en  'pfr-to-rj :. 

nuptial.  J,  a.     Pertaining  to  mar- 

nafi,  ny.     [<   L.   nuptialis,    < 

•  MI.. 

nuiitui-i).  nun  ii.il-,  n    pi.    The  marriage  cere- 

•  •r  itatc.     Sj"n:  mi- m  mil: 
\u   ri  ni-lnrg.   |  tn-bSrg,  n.      \ 

■ 
riurl.  :  •  l  ,,  mill  or  roughen,  as  the  periphery 

•  • 
niir-i  . 

I.  ■      1  '.'. 

-  in  in- 

■  r  growth  ut'. 

I  5.  To  use  wil  h  care; 

6.  II. 

1  ■        take  eare  of 

suckled  at  -  nan  ' 

nur-r,         1 .  that  which  fo»- 

[  <  F. 
now-  Dan  i t-\  . 

1  .  2.  A  1 

tree*,  ehni'- 
The  plare  » 

that;-  nur.'er->-man,        0        rhobasa 

niir-   h:i.  'ait. 

niir   t  ur.  .  Injp  ,,r  -tiir.     I.  r(. 

I  ■ 
II.  i  nurturing; 

tha'  •   itiirn, 

■ 

Instruction,  school- 
ing, teaching,  tra  '.n<j  ami  ma 

\nq  having  n 

aa  ar 

'   - 
moral  qualities,  not  -  the  physical  and  mental. 

8ee  i.  ■xhi  net  cherish;  T£*ch. 


mil.   1  I.  ,    it-..    |      To 

■  I-         Li-  of  h  kernel  or 

II    \\  II,    II 

''.     ', 

■  I      :i. 


: 

,  r.  I 

' 

ivllkc  if 

Hill      .     Hi      .  ■ 

\  nut    -    ■ 

h  .'•  ti  .  \ 

1 

in  .i,i    j-- 

■  ml  'h. ml.  • .  \  | 

bailiff     inn  on 


■  nil   it.iil, 


:1 


Borne  Forma  of  Mechanical  Nuts. 


i.f  the  fruit  nf  various 
the    tree 

ii-il    shell", 
shell  of  II  111 
hence,     anything 

mil ill        ■        mil  'l.-r. 

One  who  gathera    nuts     nat'ttng,   n      nat'ty,  a. 
I.    U  oundlng   in   i  lag   the  Qavor  or   i 

llllt     ll-llf.-. 

uu'iani.  i  old' tent;  S  nfl'tant,  a     Nodding   ■aid  ol 

dally  flowers.    |-    L.  nuto.nO    ,  ppr  ofnuto, ii 

mi-ia'iion.  i  nlu  '•     lien  i .  m   The 

pertodlo  Inequalities  In  the  motion  ol  tin-  axla  and  pole  of 

tin  t-artti  around  the  pole  of  the  ecliptic  aa  a  center,    'i.  Bot, 

a  revolving  movement,    3.  The  act  ol  nodding  the  head. 

i  auto,  ii,» i  1 

iiu'trl-ent,  1  niu'tn-ent;  \l  nQ'tri-ent.     I.  o.     1.  Giving 
nourishment.    '!■  Conveying  nutrition.    II.  n, 
thing  that   nourishes.     [<    L.  nutrio,  feed.]     nu'irl- 
meiii,  i.  Thai  which  nourishes;  food.     '•!.  That 

which  promotes  development. 

Syn.:  ailment,  food,  meat,  nourishment,  provision,  hus- 
tenanoi  id  a  apply  to  h  batever 
can  in-  Introduced  Into  the  system  as  a  means  ol  sustaining 
life:  we  say  "f  a  convalescent,  he  la  taking  nourUhmt  nt.  .1  it- 
Jlar  in  meaning,  bul  less  frequenl  In  us,-,  Nutri- 
ment ami  nutrition  bavs  i ■  ■  ol  scientific  reference  to  the 

vitalising  principles  of  various-/  heal  is  said  tn 

contain  :i  great  amounl  of  nutriment.    Compare  food. 

— nu"trl-men'(al,  a,  nii-trl'llon,  n.  1.  Tie 
by  which  growth  is  promoted  and  waste  repaired  In  living 
organisms,  '■".  Nutriment,  Syn.-  see  food. — nu-trl'- 
tlous,  it.  Nourishing.  -If,  adv.  -ness.  n. — im'trl-th  ic*, 
a.  1.  Having  nutritious  properties.  2.  Pertaining  to  nutri- 
tion.   -I),  adv.    -ness,  n. 

doj  rom'l-ca,  1  neks  vem'i-ka;  2  nuks  vOm'l-ea.    The  fiat- 
tened,  diak«llke,  silky,  pol  onous  seed  ol  an  Indian  tree 
I  -    L.  inn.  nut,  -i   wmo,  vomli  i 

nu/'/le,  1  nuz'l;  2  iifi/.'l.  it.  tV  ri.     [Prov.  ur  Obs.]     I.  To 

root  as  i        ■    '.'.  I'n  ruli  the  ti :i.  To  nestle;  snuggle. 

4.  To  loiter;  idle.    [  <  nose,  ».;  confused  in  Bonn 
with  m  bsi  and  nxbtlc] 

\.  «.,  after.     Northwest,  northwi   terr      \.  >V.  T.,  abbr. 

Northwest  Territory.  — N.  Y.,  ahbr.     New  York  (official). 

ny-an'za,  l  m-an'sa;  2  ny-an'za,  n.     A  Bheel  of  water; 

a  river  feeding  a  lake.    (Afr.j    ny-as'saj. 
Nj.'i'sa,  1  nyd'sa;  2  nyft'sft,  n     a  lake  lying  w.  ol '  lerman  and 

Portu    leae  1     I   lfrlca;340by  10  m,    Lake  Nyas'saJ. 
\>  a'- i-iami  rro-t,-e 'lo-rute.    a  British  protectorate  In  E. 
central  Africa;  39,673  s<j.  m  ;  pop.  1,141,164 
,f  pheasants. 
nyiii[tli,|  1  iiinif;  2  nynif,  n.     1.  Myth.  An  inferior  fe- 
ii >  nit*1 ,    (  male  divinity  inhabiting  a  grove,  Forest,  spring, 
■;.  [Poet.]  A   damsel,     -l.    \   pupa  ur  chrysalis, 
nym'phat.      |<     Or'-    nymphi,    nymph,    Ijnde.] — 
ii)  mpli'al,  n>  m-phe'an,  a. 
Nym-phae'a,  1   nlm-n'e;  2  nym-laVa,  n.  nm.  a  genus  of 

r-llly  family  Wymph 

apatter>docka  or  yellow  water»lllles.    |i...  <  <'r.  numphaia, 
water-illy,  <  nymptii,  nymph.) 
n>  in  plio-,  I  1  nim'fo-,  iiimf-;  2  nyn/fo-,  nynif-.     From 
nymph-.      I  l.atm  nympha,  a  nymph:  combining  forms. 
nj  in 'plio-ltp"s>  5,  n.    A  kind  ol  ecstasy  or  frenzy,  said 
to  have  taken  possession  of  one  who  looked  upon  a  nymph 
prlng  or  stream;  hence,  a  demoniac  frenzy;  a  form  of 
religious  mania:  ecstasy.    [  •   Or  lambanO  (>  loft),  take.l — 
nyra'phto-lept,  n,    One  affected  with  nympholenay. — 
n>  in 'piio-iii.t'nl-.i, n,    Pathol     \  morbid  sexual  desire  In 
women     [+  Or.  mania,  madness.]     nym'pho-ma''nyt. 
Nyx.  1  nlks:  2  nykg,  n.  Or.  Mvlh.  Same  as  Nox. 
If.  Z.,  \.  Zeal.,  abbr.    New  Zealand. 


1: » =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;     lu  =  feud;    chin;    go;    n  =  sins;    fhin,    this.      Xlllllidla 
539      2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.       obituary 


o 


O  O    Roman. 


00   l 


Letter. 


0. 


Script. 


O,  o,  1  o;  2  5,  n.  [oes,  O's,  or  Os,  1  6z;  2  6g,  pi.]  1.  A 
letter:  the  fifteenth  in  the  English  alphabet.  2.  An 
oval  or  circle;  a  spot  or  spangle. 

O,  1  6;  2  6,  inter j.  1.  An  exclamation  used  in  address  or  to 
express  a  wish  or  emotion.    2.  Same  as  oh.    [  <  AS.  ed.] 

O.,  a*.    Ohio,  oxygen. — o.,  abbr.    [L.J    Oclarius  (a  pint). 

oaf,  1  of ;  2  of,  re.  Originally,  a  misshapen  bantling  left  in 
place  of  a  pretty  child  supposed  to  be  stolen  by  fairies;  a 
changeling;  an  imbecile;  simpleton.  [  <  Ice.  alfr,  elf.]  — 
oafish,  a.    Stupid;  doltish. — oaf'lsh-ness,  re. 

O-a'hu,  1  o-a'hu:  2  o-a'hu,  re.  An  Island  of  the  Hawaiian 
group:  600  sq.  m.;  pop.  82.000;  capital,  Honolulu. 

oak,  1  5k;  2  ok,  n.  1.  A  hard=wood,  acorn=bearing  tree, 
much  valued  for  the  manufacture  of  timber  of  great 
hardness,  strength,  and  durability.  2.  The  wood  of  the 
oak.  3.  One  of  various  other  plants  having  a  resem- 
blance or  relation  to  a  true  oak.  4.  A  stout  door,  be- 
cause usually  of  oak.  [<  AS.  ae,  oak.] — quartered 
oak,  oaken  boards  cut  by  a  special  process,  and  exhibiting 
a  handsome  grain. — to  sport  one's  oak,  to  exclude  visitors, 
as  by  closing  the  outer  oaken  door  of  a  student's  apartment: 
primarily  English  university  slang. — oak'=ap"ple,  re.  A 
gall  produced  on  an  oak;  a  gall-fly.  oak'=galI"t;  oak's 
wart"t. — oak'en,  a.    Made  of  oak. 

Oak 'land,  1  ok'land;  2  ok'land,  re.  A  city  In  W.  California; 
pop.  250,000. 

oak 'u  ns,  1  ok'um;  2  ok'iim,  n.  Hemp=fiber  obtained  by 
untwisting  old  rope:  used  in  calking,  etc.  [  <  AS.  d-, 
out.  +  cemban,  comb.] 

oar,  1  or;  2  or.  I.  vt.  To  propel  with  an  oar;  use  as  an 
oar.  II.  n.  1.  A  wooden  implement  for  propelling  a 
boat,  consisting  of  a  long  shaft  with  a  blade  or  spoon  at 
one  end.  2.  An  oarsman.  3.  Helminth.  An  oar=like 
swimming=appendage.  [<  AS.  dr,  oar.] — oar'age,  n. 
Oars  collectively. — oared,  a.  1.  Having  oars  for  propul- 
sion. 2.  Zool.  Having  oar=like  feet  or  swimmlng=appen- 
dages. — oar'slock",  re.  A  device  on  the  side  of  a  boat  for 
keeping  an  oar  in  place;  rowlock. — oars'man,  re.  One  who 
rows. — oar'y,  a. 

o'a-sls,  1  6'a-sis  or  o-e'sis;  2  o'a-sis  or  o-a'sis,  n.  [o'a-sesz, 
pi.]  A  fertile  spot  in  a  waste  or  desert.  [  <  Gr.  Oasis 
(fertile  spot  in  Libyan  desert) .] 

oat,  1  ot;  2  ot,  n.  1.  A  cereal  grass  or  its  edible  grain:  usu- 
ally in  the  plural  and  collectively.  2. 
A  musical  pipe  made  from  a  stem  of 
the  oak;  a  shepherd's  pipe.  [<  AS. 
ate,  oat.] — oat'scake",  re.  A  cake  of  oat- 
meal, usually  rolled  thin  and  baked  hard. 
— oat'en,  a.  Made  of  oats. — oat 'grass", 
n.  1.  Any  uncultivated  kind  of  oats.  3. 
Any  one  of  various  oaHike  grasses 
oat'meal",  re.  The  meal  of  oats;  also, 
porridgeSpiade  of  it. 

oath,  1  ofh;  2  6th,  n.    1.  A  solemn  at- 
testation in  support  of  a  declaration  or 
a  promise,  by  an  appeal  to  God  or  to 
some  person  or  thing  regarded  as  high 
and  holy;   in  law,  such  an   att 
under  the   penalties  of  perjury 
A  frivolous  or  blasphemous 
the  name  of  the  Deity  or 
cred  name  or  object.     [  < 
oath.] 

Syn.:  adjuration,  affidavit,  anathema, 
ban.   blaspheming,  blasphemy,  curse,  Oat. 

cursing,  denunciation,  execration,  Im- 
precation, malediction,  profane  swearing,  profanity,  reproba- 
tion, swearing,  sworn  statement,  vow.     In  the  highest  sense, 
as  in  a  court,  of  Justice,  "an  Oath  Is  a  revereiii  appeal  to  <  anl 
In  corroboration  of  what  one  says,"  ABBOTT  /."»    /"  n 

affidavit  is  a  sworn  statement  made  in  writing  i"  the  | 

of  a  competent  officer,  an  ai/nirattotl  I    D     Olemn  appeal  lo  a 

person  In  the  nana'  ol  God   to    anal,   the  truth        \n  Oath   Is 

made  to  man  in  iiie  name  of  I  Sod;  o  wio,  to  <  k>d  without  the 

Intervention,    often    without     the    knowledge,    Ol     mail        I" 

the  lower  sense,  an  oath  may  I"   ! 

swearing.  Anathema,  curse,  execration,  and  Imprecation  are 
modi's  of  invoking  vengeance  or  retribution  from  a  quperhu 
man  power  upon  the  person  again  I  whom  thej  are  uttered 
Anathema  Is  a  solemn  ecclesiastical  condemnation  or  ■.,  pei 
son  or  of  a  proposition  Cut  •  may  be  lust  and  authorita- 
tive; as.  the  curst  of  God;  or,  it  may  be  watitou  aud  powcr- 


M-rjury.     2.  i    i  a| 
oils    use  of  >u  I      / 

of  any  ^-  WW/ 

<    AS    all,,    ^ 


less:  "so  the  curse  causeless  shall  not  come,"  f'mr.  xwl.  2. 
Execration  expresses  most  of  personal  bitterness  and  haired! 
imprecation  refers  to  the  coming  of  the  desired  evil  upon 
the  person  against  whom  it  is  uttered.  Malediction  is  a 
general  wish  of  evil,  a  less  usual  but  very  expressive  word. 
Compare  testimony.— Ant:  benediction,  benison,  bl 

ob't,  re.    A  halfpenny.    [Abbr.  of  0B0LU8.] 

Ob2,  1  ob;  2  eb,  n.    1.  Gulf  of,  an  Inlet  ol  the  Arctic  ocean  In 

W.  Siberia.  2.  A  river  in  W.  Siberia;  flow  s  2,000  m.  to  Arc- 
tic ocean.    O'bU. 

ob-,   prefix.     Toward;   to;   against;   facing;   reversely;   over; 
near;  before;  up:  out;  upon;  about:  as.  oftject,  oblique.    [■ 
L.  ob,  toward,  for,  against]  [obiter  fby  the  waj ), 

Ob.,  Obad.,  abbr.    Obadiah.— ob.,  abbr.    [I.]    OMtt  (hedled), 

0"ba-dl'ah,  1  o'be-dal'a;  2  6'ba-dl'a,  re.  nib.  1.  ,\  Hebrew- 
minor  prophet.    2.  The  book  containing  his  prophecies 

ob"bll-ga'to,  1  eb'bll-gfi'to; 2 oVbll-ga'to.  Mus.  I7a.  That 
can  not  be  dispensed  with:  also,  loosely,  of  secondary  im- 
portance. II.  re.  An  accessory  movement  written  for  u 
particular  instrument.     [It.,   <  L.  obligatUS,  OBLIQAT1 

ob-cor'date,  1  ob-kor'det;  2  ob-cor'diit,  a.  Hiol.  Inversely 
cordate,    ob-cor'dl-formt. 

obdt.,  obt.,  abbr.    Obedient. 

ob'du-rate,  1  eb'diu-ret;  2  Sb'du-rat,  a.  1.  Unmoved  by 
feelings  of  humanity  or  pity.  2.  Perversely  impenitent . 
3.  Unyielding.  [<  L.  ob,  to,  -f-  iliirus.  hard.]  ol>- 
dure't;  ob-dured't.  Syn.:  see  BABD;  OBSTINATE  uli'- 
du-rate-ly,  adv.— ob'du-rate-ness,  re.— ob'du-ra-c>.  n. 
Obstinacy;  obdurateness. 

o-be'di-ent,  1  o-bl'di-ent;  2  0-b8'di-ent,  a,  Complving 
with  or  submitting  to  a  behest,  law  ,  etc. ;  dutiful.  |<  IF  , 
<  L.  obcc(tien(t-)s,  ppr.  of  obadio.  obey]  Syn.:  see  DOCI1  i  : 
obsequious. — o-be'dl-ence,  n.  1.  Submission  to 
mand,  prohibition,  law,  or  duty.  2.  The  tact  of  being 
obeyed,  or  having  subjects  obedient  to  one;  rule:  authority. 
Syn.:  see  allegiance;  submission     o-be'dl-ent-ly, 

o-bei'sance,  1  o-bi'ssns;  2  o-bS'sanc.,  n,     1.  An  act  ol 
courtesy  or  reverence,  consisting  of  bowing  or  a  bending 
of  the  knee.    2f«  Obedience.    (  ■     I 
obey.]    o-bel'san-ryt;  o-bci'saunoet- 

ob'e-lisk,  1  eb'i-lisk;  2  Sb'e-Usk,  n,     1.  A  Bquare  shaft 
with  pyramidal  top,  usually  monumental. 
2.  The  dagger"sign  (t)  used   as   a  mark  of 
reference.      [<     Gr.L    obdiskos,     pointed 
pillar.] 

ob'e-lus,  1   ob'i-lus;  2  Ob'e-lus,  n.    A    critical 
mark,  as  —  or  t,  used  in  ancient  manuscripts  to 
designate  a  suspected  reading  or  passage,  or  ■: 
to   indicate  a  superfluous   passage.    [11...  ■ 
Gr.  obelos,  a  spit.] 

0"ber=Ani'mcr-gau,     1    6*b8iWlm'er-gQu;     2 
5*ber»am'er-gou,  n.     a  village  In  Upper  i<a- 

varia.    15  m.  S.  \V.  of    Muiiieh;    famous    for    a 
passion-play  presented  decennially. 
O'ber-on,  l  o'ber-en;  2  0'ber-o'n,  n,    in  Shake 

speare's  .1/ ulsumiix  r  Night' i  Druun.  I  lie  KingO 
the  fairies.     See  TlTiM  \. 

o-bese',  1  o-bls';  2  o-bSs',  o.     Very  oorpu 

lent.       [<    L.    Obi  tUS,    fat  I      S.\  D 
i  OBJPt  lent.- -  o-bes'1-ty,    re.     o-bese'- 
ness! . 
O-bey'i  1  o-lie';  2  o-be',  r.      I.  t.     1.  To 

do  the  bidding  of.  2.  To  comply 
w itli  or  cat ry  into  effeot  3.  To  be 
controlled  bj  ll.  i,  To  yield  obe- 
dience.    [  <  I..'  ob,  near,    |    audit 

hear. | 

Syn.:     comply,   defer,    keep,   Ot 

HUhmlt.       yield.  See       KM   ]  OV 

bebvb.    Ant.:  contemn,  del 

Infringe,  reh 

oh-fiis'<-atc,  1  ab-ftra'ket  ;2  6b  fus'cll  I 

perplex,  ,,,  oonfu  e,  a  the  mind  tf.  i  t  loud  oi  dark- 
en, |i,  "  ob,  to,  iy-]    <>ii"iii--'-.i'<b.n. 

o'bl1,  1  o'l.i.  ••  (Vbl,  »      v  i  Ind  ol 
crocs  of  the  West  ■  ttoh,    I  vtr  i    o'b< 

o'i,i  . ,:       \   broad  Hiikm  sash  worn  b  women 

[Jap.] 

o'l)lt.  I  o'bit  or  oi.'n  ;  :•  o'hit  ot  oi.'ii.  n     I.  i  he  death  or  date 

,,f  death  ol  a  pet  on      '■■   \  coret  ioi     oi    i 

rating  >  death     i      < 

Ob'l-ter  die 'turn,  I  eb't  tet  dik'tum 
II,  I     \  ,.  marl  bj  the  waj  ot  in 

Syn 
o-blt'ii-a-ry.   1   o-bicVu  \m     bit'yu  ' 

l.„     p,  ,,  kth     M.  '■ 


•  (-loops 

<'entrnl    Park, 

Neu    ■> 


..I. I 


'  '  '  I  ...  (•]    nol.  Ar;    full,  rOI.-;    |.„f     Kftmi 

'        '  '        '  '•         '  ■  '       '  '  '  "       ..      ..'      .,,.,.'         .',1(1 


)«x-    It. 


I 
II 

l.-|..     ll.iii. 

-lrr~iinu-.i-i.il  I  -  c  *  .         ob-l<  .    • 
tar, 

i. 

I. 


N        Ob    l>  <  '    Ji--     . 


.1.-1. 


I.  I.     /  '.>:/- 

•  with  objocl 
or  authority,  :i|.;irt  from 

■>  ■--."■•  •       Py:i  :  s<  .■  -.  iuki  tiw,. 

"■  ••  '.'.I 

:. 
objective  point,  any  ultimate  object 
•  '  ■  v  r-.  ob-Jecth  e-l\    .  ob-Jer'tlv-Ism,        I. 

■'•   . ■  •*••  that  enables  an  author  ..r  artist  t<>  treat  sub- 

rlUC  iir.iinlin  . 

-  ---;-■;■  i.IhJ.  .-ih  i-(>.     .       ob-Jec'tlt  .- 
n.»s» ; . 

oh'Jiir-.  .-.  .  b'jur-Mt,   rf.      |- 

■ 
■  ■li"J u r-ii.i  'I  l.iii.  r: .—  ob-Jur'- 
x»-tl>  .-.  nh-Jur'Ka-to-r) , 
i  ■  M  . 

ol-l.n  w>|t|    .  ,.   o  ol>-lan'cc-o-lat,  a.  Bol. 

Lance-shaped,  but  I 

.     ■ 

",'1'1'  •  cred  uses:  devoted  to 

"'-I  '  tlon,        I.                    .  (Tcrcd  In  wor- 

■hlP  ■    t«  or  the  cucharLsl  as  olt. 
the  altar  In  some  ehui 

"''  '''''  1  A  person,  not  bound  by  religious 

AU.ir-l.r.  ■.:■. 
II.     Man     del  2.  obiata).  <  L.  oblat: 

-  ' ' '  •  ' ;  -oat"- 

'•  ;.        -    i.i  to 

■        ■■.  bind  ] 
■•  I  of  obligating.     2.  The  n.n- 

:.  cmenl 

:••.-•-■     :  •  •  •"•.     Syn    see  Dt  n      i.irii- 

atlon 

..ii"- 

or  an  obligat 
'"'  !'-    '"-■  favors 

■  -bllg'lmr-ly,  adv.— 
o-blli  r,  oirii-i-- 

.-Tson  who  :- 

!. 

II.  I.      • 

r  from  a  right  line 

'.'■ 
:-  1  n  the  direct  linr-  of 

c 

•  •t^-l i  'i tj  ■ 

ob-Uque". 
?."  *V  "*'"'  ob-llqne'ness,  n  — oh- 

I  :allty:  Inclina- 

infrom 

•fc-ift'i     -.  ■-  •\T*EDrf; 

'•  t  wipe  out.     '.'. 


mi.  iK      |  •     i     ,/.   over    + 

•' ■••!  I'll.    »\M    I    .   .    4N.    .  1 

iil>-lil    it-.,    II. in. 

I.l.-ll.  I-.III.  .     I.  ,  , 

"'   '  ■'  •  i   fore,  ttirm 

i  I.     oUiwia 

••'-">  I- I  I 

ii  thought;  abntriu  l.i     3.  | 
Inn  (.•:.  k(  ,,  ,. 

"'►-"»  'l-oua-ly,  ob-Ut  1-ous-neas 

"'','""-■  '■        '•  I  ll  mh I 

-•    "  principal  axis  longer  than   the 

''""'r,"r  "V  "  \     I  ■"   having  greatei  I.  ngth 

man  breadth;  in  gcomctr)  ,  a]  (  <  I.   ,,/, 

long  i 
",*  '■-<!'■>.  1  ablo-kwij  e  i.i.-l..  kuv,  n      I.  The  state  of 
under  odium  or  disgrace;  infamj      8.  \  Uifi. 
1  -  "'  bi  traceorn  proaoh 

■     ICANDA1 

ob-nox'lous,  l  ob-nol  o.    1.  Of  ■ 

offense  or  en  \\  i  ,,|,|,. 

1  I     ■      ibli  lbject' 

ob-noi  lotis-ly.atfi      ob-nox 'lous-nets,  n 

"  '""'•  '  \  u Ii ,,  flute-like  wind-in- 

[li  j 

Ob'O-IUS,  1  ,,:  ,.,,    j  _|f.|;  2    „       ,.     j 

weigh)  and  a  sliver  coin  of  Greece;  one-sixth  of  a  drachma 

-.  A  medieval  silver  coin  ot  Hungary  and  Bohemia 
•  i  )-<•  \ate,  1  ..I,-,  t,o.    Inv.  i 

oos.,      <>r.    Observation,  observatory,  obsolete 
ob-scene',  1  ob-  ti  1. 1  ire  to  chastity 

prdecenoy     t.  [Poel  ]  Offensive  tothi  oul     [< 

ened.]    Svn.:  Bee  rouL;  ooiodbi    vii- 

GAR-oti-sceiie'i). ,  ob-scen  1-ty,  A  Obscene  quality 

'■'    ""  Illation.      ob-M-eiie'nexsl 

I   N.    V. 

Ob-score',  l  ob-akiur';  2  Kb-eeOr7.    I.  rf,    [ob-scured'- 
ob-bci  dim,  darken,  or  hide  from  view     II.' 

a.-    [ob-»  m  |    L  Presenting  obstruo- 

to  clear  vision     2.  Nol  clear  to  the  mn,. I     :t. 

tly  marked;  indicated     i.  Little  known:  low-lv 

l<  i.  dark.] 

Syn.:  abstruse,  ambiguous,  cloud] .  complex,  complicated 

Bcult,  dim,  doubtful  dusky 

enigmatical,  hidden,  Incomprehen  Dct,  intricate' 

involve1,  muddled,  muddy,  mysterious,  profound    turbid' 

U«lble.    Thai  .■  luch  the  eye  or  the  mind 

can  not  clearlj  see,  discern,  or  Bee  through,  whether  because 

of  the  want  of  distinctness  or  transparent  of  u,,  object  or 

matter  Itself,  ItB  depth  or  Intricacy,  or  the  Intervention  of 

some  hindering  medium,  or  because  of  mere  defect  of  light. 
Thatwl  likely  to  be  o£  ewe,  but  thai  may 

be  oftscur,  which  Is  nol  at  all  complicated  and  scarcel]  com- 
plex, :us  a  muddy  pool      m  that  which  i  i..  nbs, 
from,  and  intdo,  push)  as  If  removed  from  tin-  usual  course 
of  thoiik'tit  or  out  of  the  way  of  apprehension  or  discover] 
the  thought  Is  remote,  hidden;  m  thai  which  i-  ob  curt  there 

■    nothing  to  hide;  It  Is  hard  to    ,  e  to  the  bottom  of  the 

pro/on i.  of  its  depth,  but  the  mosl  shallow  turbid- 

-  ompare   ahbioi  oi  b;  compli  \ ;   daks 

OCAL;    hi  miii. i  ;    '.nsiHii.ns,    BJBCBKT;   VAGUE;   vi  t.- 
'■  IB        Ant  for  CLKAB, 

ob-scur'ant,  n.    one  who  obscures:  Bpeclncally,  one 
popular  enlightenment,  and  free- 
dom of  thought:  used  alsoadjectlvely.     ob-scur'ant-lstl 
or'ant-lsm,  n.  -ob^scn-ra'tlon.n.  The  act  of  ob- 

ob-seure'h,  ..-„■■.        ob-seiire'iiess,  u 

ob-scu'rl-ty,  n.  [-rua*,pl.]  The  state  or  quality  of  being 

obscure.     (1)  Dimness;  dai  of  dl    mnness 

ndltionol  being  unknown  tofame 

ob'se-cratel,  ■  Ob/se-erat,  n.    To  pray  to;  bc- 

-ob'se-era"to-r] 

ot  le- era'ti i  eb'si-kre'shan;  2  ob*se-cra'shon,  n.   Eccl. 

litany  beginning  with  by  and  giving  a 
i11    mi  I  I   Of  prayer.     [<    L.  obstcra- 
>■  before,  -*-    ■  • 
ob'se-qoles,  1  eb'si-kwiz;  2  db'se-kwi  ■      1  .moral 

I  "  ob,  upon,    •  sequor,  follow  ] 

ob-se'qui-oasi,  i  .  i-aB,  a.     l. 

adulatory  in  manner.    'I  .  Promptly 
obedient.     [<  L.*  obsequiosus,    <   ■  .How.] 

Syn.  ;.  ferential,  fawning, 

Battering,  ob<  i    ilavish,  submissive,  s:  cophantic. 

Ant.:  Independent,  BebVassertive,  wif> 

i  !  :  ;  .      oli-se'qul-OUS- 

l> ■',  •  -     'qol-ons-ness,  ;/. 

ob-se'fiul-ous-t.  n.    of  or  pertaining  to  obsequies,   -ly-,  adv. 
ob-serre',  1  ]  ob-zurv';  's  5b-eSrv',  v.    [obhsebtzd',  ..n- 

ob-ser\  '  OB-eEBV'lNa.J      I.    t.      1.   To    take 

'.'.  To  scrutinize  carefully.     3.  To  '  '  L  - 

brate;  comply  with.    4.  To  remark  incidentally.    II.  i.. 

I    ■   .  'it- To  take  notice.    [<   '...'   afi    be- 


-..,        1:8  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    (fliin;    go;    0  =  sino;    thin    this.  °bj. 

541       2:wplf,  dfi;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   fill,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,'   this,      occasion 


fore,  +  servo,  keep.]  Syn.:  see  celebrate;  discern;  exam- 
ine; follow;  obey.— ob-serv'a-bl(er,  a.  1.  That  can  be 
observed;  manifest.  2.  Notable.  3.  Customary,  -ness,  n. 
— ob-serv'a-bly,  adv.— ob-ser'vance,  n.  1.  The  act  of  ob- 
serving, as  a  custom  or  ceremony;  compliance.  2.  Any  com- 
mon custom,  form,  rite,  etc.  3§.  Heedful  attention;  ob- 
servation. 4t-  Obsequious  compliance.  Syn.:  see  form; 
sacrament.— ob-ser'vant.  I.  a.  1.  Carefully  attentive; 
habitually  noting.  2.  Strict  in  observing  rules.  II.  n.  1§. 
One  strict  in  complying  with  rules  of  practise.  2f.  A  slavish 
or  sycophantic  attendant,     -ly,  adv.—  ob"ser-va'tIon,  n. 

1.  The  act  or  habit  of  observing.  2.  Scientific  scrutiny  of  a 
natural  phenomenon.  3.  Experience  acquired  by  observing. 
4.  An  incidental  remark.  5§.  Observance.  Syn.:  see  re- 
mark.—observation  post  (Mil.).  A  position  from  which 
an  artillery  officer  can  observe  the  effect  of  the  Are  of  his 
owngun— ob-ser'va-to-ry,  n.  [-riesz.  pi.]  1.  A  bulldiDg  or 
dome  designed  for  systematic  astronomical  observations. 

2.  A  tower  built  for  the  view.— ob-serv'er,  n.  One  who  ob- 
serves; specif.,  a  person  who  accompanies  the  pilot  of  an 
aeroplane  to  make  observations,  as  of  an  enemy's  positions, 
etc.— ob-serv'lng,  pa.    Observant,    -ly,  adv. 

OD-ses'sion,  1  eb-sesh'an;  2  6b-sesh'on,  n.  A  vexing  or 
haunting,  as  by  an  evil  spirit  or  morbidly  dominant  idea. 
[<  L.  ob,  before,  +  sedeo,  sit.) — ob-sess',  vt. 

ob-sid'1-an,  1  eb-sid'i-an;  2  ob-sid'i-an,  n.  A  glassy  volcanic 
rock,  usually  black.    [<  Obsius,  the  discoverer.] 

ab-sid  '1-o-nal,  1  eb-sid'i-o-ns! ;  2  ob-sid'i-o-nal,  a.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  a  siege.    [  <  L.  obsidionalis.  <  obsidco,  besiege.] 

ob'so-lete,  1  eb'so-llt;  2  ob'so-let.  I.  a.  Gone  out  of  use, 
as  a  word  or  phrase,  a  style,  fashion,  etc. ;  of  a  discarded 
type  or  fashion.  II.  n.  An  obsolete  word  or  form  of 
expression.     [  <  L.  obsoletus,  pp.  of  obsolesco,  decay.] 

Syn.:  ancient,  antiquated,  archaic,  disused,  obsolescent, 
old,  out  of  date,  rare.  Some  of  the  most  ancient  words  are 
not  obsolete,  as  father,  mother,  etc.  A  word  is  obsolete  which 
has  quite  gone  out  of  reputable  use;  a  word  is  archaic  or 
obsolescent,  which  is  falling  out  of  reputable  use;  archaic  is 
also  applied  to  a  word  which,  having  been  obsolete,  is  taken 
up  tentatively  by  writers  or  speakers  of  influence,  so  that  it 
may  perhaps  regain  its  position  as  a  living  word;  a  word  is 
rare  if  there  are  few  present  instances  of  its  reputable  use. 
See  old. — Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  fresh;  MODERN;  NEW. 

— ob"so-Ies'cent,  a.  Growing  obsolete. — ob"so-les'- 
oence,  n. — ob'so-Iete-ness,  n. — ob'so-lef'isni,  n. 

ob'sta-cl(ep,  1  eb'ste-kl;  2  6b'sta-cl,  n.  That  which 
stands  in  the  way  of  progress;  a  hindrance.  [F.,  <  L. 
ob,  before.  +  sto,  stand.]    Syn.:  see  barrier;  impediment. 

ob-stet'rics,  n.  The  branch  of  medical  science  relating 
to  midwifery:  abbreviated  obstet. — ob-slcl  'ri-ral,  o. 
Relating  to  midwifery,  ob-stet'rlct.  -ly,  adv. — ob"ste- 
tri'clan,  n.     A  practitioner  of  midwifery. 

ob'sti-nate,  1  eb'sti-nit;  2  ob'sti-nat,  a.  1.  Persistently 
and  unreasonably  resolved  in  a  purpose  or  opinion; 
stubborn.  2.  Hard  to  control  or  cure.  [<  L.°*  ob,  In- 
fore,  +sto,  standi  Syn.:  contumacious,  decided,  determined, 
dogged,  firm,  fixed,  headstrong,  heady.  Immovable,  indom- 
itable, inflexible,  intractable,  mulish,  obdurate,  opinionated, 
persistent,  pertinacious,  refractory,  resolute,  resolved, 
stubborn,  conquerable,  unflinching,  unyielding.  The  head- 
strong person  Is  not  to  be  stopped  in  his  own  course  of  ac- 
tion, tvhile  the  obstinate  and  stubborn  is  not  to  be  driven  to 
another's  way.  The  headstrong  act;  the  obstlnati  and  stubborn 
may  simply  refuse  to  stir.  The  most  amiable  personjmay  be 
obstinate  on  some  one  point;  the  stubborn  person  Is  for  Che 
most  part  habitually  so;  we  speak  of  ob  tlnoti  determination, 
stubborn  resistance.  Stubborn  is  the  term  most  frequently 
applied  to  animals  and  inanimate  things.  Refractory  Im- 
plies more  activity  of  resistance;  the  stubborn  horse  balks; 
the  refractory  animal  plunges,  rears,  and  kicks;  metals  that 
resist  ordinary  processes  of  reduction  are  termed  nfiucluru. 
One  Is  obdurate  who  adheres  to  his  purpose  In  spite  or  ap- 
peals that  would  move  any  tender-hearted  or  right-minded 
person.  Contumacious  refers  to  a  proud  and  Insolent  de- 
fiance of  authority,  as  of  the  summons  of  s  conn.  Pertina- 
cious applies  to  that  which  Is  active  and  aggressive;  inni- 
naciovs  demand  Is  contrasted  with  obstlnati  refusal,  The 
unyielding  conduct  which  we  approve  we  call  decided,  iirm, 
inflexible,  resolute;  that  which  we  condemn  we  are  apt  to 
term  headstrong,  obstinate,  stubborn.  Bee  inflexibi 
verse;  restive.  — Ant.:  amenable,  complaisant,  compliant, 
docile,  dutiful,  gentle.  Irresolute,  obedient,  pliable,  pliant, 
submissive,  teachable,  tractable,  i j t , , i .  elded,  wavering,  yield- 
ing.— ob'stl-na-oy,  n.  i.  Persistent  and  usually  unrea  ion 
able  adherence  to  one's  own  opinion  or  purpo  ie;  st  ubboi  n 
ness.  2.  The  quality  of  being  difficult  to  BUbdue.  -ob'- 
sti-nate-ly,  adv. 

ob-strep'cr-ous,  1  eb-strep'er-us; 

Making  a  great   disturbance;  clan |        L    ob, 

before,   +  strepo,  roar.]     s.vn.  i        i 

ob-strep'er-ous-iy,  adv.    ob-strep'er-oiis-nesR,  n 

ob-struct''1,  1  eb-strakt';  2  6b  truet',  vi  1.  To  fill  with 
impediments:  block  or  stop  up;  In  qi  ion,  to 


shut  out  (the  sight  or  view  of).  2.  To  hinder  or  retard 
the  progress  of.    [  <  L.  <>■■.  i  tuild.] 

Syn.:  arrest,  bar.  barricade,  check,  choke,  clog,  embarrass, 

hinder,  impede,  interrupt,  oppose,  retard,  stay,  stop      To 
obstruct  is  literally  to  build  up  against;  the  road 
by  fallen  trees;  the  passage  of  liquid  through  B  tube  Is  00- 
strvcted  by  solid  deposits.    \\  e  may  ',.  i  U  r  one's  advance  by 
following  and   clinging   to   him:  tree   by 

standing  in  his  way  or  putting  a  barrier  across  his  path. 
Anything  that  makes  one's  progress  Slower,  whether  from 
within  or  from  without,  impedes,  checks,  hinders,  retards,  or 
stays;  an  obstruction  to  one's  progress  is  always  from  with- 
out. To  arrest  is  to  cause  to  stop  suddenlj  ;  obstr  • 
way  may  have  t lie  effect  of  arri  iting  progress  See  t  hi  ck; 
hinder;  oppose. — Ant: accelerate, advance, aid, clear,  facili- 
tate, forward,  free,  further,  open,  pave  the  way  for.  pro- 
mote. 

— ob-struct 'er,   ob-struc'tor,    n.— oh-struc'tlon.    n. 

I.  A  hindrance:  obstacle.  2.  The  act  of  preventing  progress. 
Syn.:  see  barrier;  impediment.— ob-struc'tton-lst,  «. 
One  who  obstructs,  as  legislative  business,  etc  ob-strue'- 
tlon-ism,  n.  ob-siruc'ihi'-,  o.  Tending  to  obstruct, 
-ly,  adv.    -ness.  r». 

ob'stru-ent.  l  ob'stru-ent, 2  ob'stru-ent.  Med.  I.  a.  Caus- 
ing obstruction  or  impediment,  11.  n.  A  medicine  that  ob- 
structs.   [<  L.  obstruen{t-)s,  ppr 

ob-tain',  1  ob-ten';  2  Sb-tan',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  bring  into 
one's  own  possession;  get.  2.  To  attain  by  effort  8  • 
To  arrive  at;  win.    II.  i.    1.  To  be  established  by  law  or 

custom;  have  place.    2.   to    u d;  prevail.    (<  L.r 

obtinco,  <  ob.  before,  +  teneo,  hold.l 

Syn.:  acquire,   earn.   gain.    get.    procure,    receive,   secure. 

win.    when  one  gets  the  object  of  his  desire,  he  is  said  to 
obtain  It,  whether  he  has  gained  or  earned  it  or  nor 
denotes  contest,  with  a  suggestion  of  chance  or  basard;  In 

popular  language,  a  person  is  often  said  to    -  In  a  lawsuit,  or 

to  win  in  a  sun  at  law,  but  in  legal  phrase  he  is  said  ■■ 
his  suit,  case,  or  cause     <  ine  obtains  a  thing  commonly  by 
.some  direct  effort  of  his  own.  he  procures  it  commonly  bj  the 
Intervention  of  some  one  else;  hi  lor  an 

Interview;  he  secures  what  has  seemed  uncert  ■ 

when  he  gets  it  firmly  into  his  possession  or  under  his  con- 
trol. (  'omparc  ATTAIN;  GAIN;  GET;  MAKE;  PURCHA8I  <>!>- 
tain'ment,  «.—  ob-tain'u-bl<c>',  a.       ob-taln'cr,  n, 

ob-test'H",  1  ob-test';  2  ob-test'.  v.    1. 1,    I.  To  beseech  for 
aid.    2.  To  supplicate  for.     II.  I.    To  protest,     [«     OF, 
ob  tester,   <    i..  obtestor,  <  ob,  before.  +  testis,  wltn 
ob"tes-ta'tlon,  n. 

Ob-trUde',  1  ol>-trud';2  ob-trud',  i7.  &  vi      [OB-TRI  i>'i  o1; 

ob-trud'ing  I  Tothrusl  or  be  pushed  into  undue  prom- 
inence. [<  L.  oo,  before,  +■  trudo,  thrust  ]  ol>-t  rn«l  '- 
er,  n. — ob-tru'slon,  n.    The  act  ot  obtruding     <>i>-iru'- 

slv(cs,  ';.  Tending  to  obtrude;  obtruding  Smi  .  see  \u  0- 
DLESOME,      oh-lru'sU   e-ljs,  ,.,/,       OD-tru'Sll    MM 

t»l»-(  iiiid  '  ■'.  1  ob-ttmd';  2  ob-tund'.  u.  To  render  blunt  or 
dull;  deaden,  as  pain.     [  <    I..  Obtundo, 

Hindu,  beat. | 

ob-tuse',  1  eb-tius';  2ob-tus',  a     l.  \i  'than 

a  right  angle;  exceeding 90      '.'.  Blunt  01  rounded  at  the 
extremity,  as  a  leal     3<  Hull  intellectually  or  amotion- 
ally;  stupid;  insensible     1.  Heavj  and  indistinol 
sound.    [<  L.  obtusus,  pp.  of  obtundo,  <  06,  again 

tunili).    beat  I       Syn.;    see    BLUNT.      <>b-l  use  l>  .  ■  ■!>- 

tuse'ness,  n. 
ob- verse',  l  ob-vurs';2ob  vers'.a     Noting  thi  I  v 

medal  or  coin     I       1    ob,  toward  turn.]    -l> . 

adv. — ob 'verse,  n     1.  1 bvei  medal. 

2.  An  of  the  same  tact  or  truth 

Ob-vert ''.  1  eb-v0rt'  I.    To  turn  the  front  or 

principal  Bide  ol  (a  I  hlng   toward 

L.obverto,  ■    oft,  toward,   I   n  to,  turn.]    ob-ver'slon. 
ob'vl-ate,  I  ol  t.  «(.    (-at*bi 

To  meet  01  ant  ici]  1 

vent        1        1   '  n  PR|     11 b"\l- 

a'llon.  n. 
ob'vl-OIIS.  1  ob'vl    D  I.   Iliinieclial.  I  . 

dent ,  in,  oife  1     '.'i .  81  and 01  pi 

1  In  tht    ■■  - 

APPAl  1  EVIDI      r:  MANIFI  ol.   - 

vl-ons-i> .  mil     ob'vl-ous-nemt, 

oe-.  1  iiecl  form  of  oh    1  ■ 

no.,  B&ftr,     <  )eean 

Oc'cam,  vTllllam  ol  In 

1  1  Franclsi  nolman 

OC-CSi'SlOD,    I  .        I.     '       I .    I 

•  about     21 .  1 '..  i 

0C  MAKl  .  cm 1 

II.  n     I.  \  partii  ulai 

\  1    0| '!'. 

8.  \  condition  thatopei  :  ion  oi 

t. 

|i   .  -     ' 


•  >  drill 


. 


I  i  11       ii         ii       ii    ■: 

ii        i  i  ii         Ml 


i 


c«>unir) 


k  part 
.  Mai,         I 

iplijil 


I. 


t»-iru:  :.a»>       3 


cw-rtir 


I. 


oftin, 

-   the  giot 

l>"re-ai. 

. 
<•       -inl-an. 
O-re'a-nu-.  . 

I  '  •-.•■  oeean    r. 


!■   rli".-r 
r'eMat'ed  e-lat*ed 


1    '  .      . 

I . 

-'. 

...    i  nl-la  (Inn. 

•  •<  -rull  '- 
...  -rull    l\  . 

!. 
I  I     . 

Ing:  a   taking 

oc'ru-p.u,  I . 

■  u-pa  'Mi hi.      .         1 

i mediate  business.     2.  The  - 

-   n_-  occupancy,   possession. 
' 
loo.  resignation,  vacal 

■  ■ 
Sim. 

..tit;  at  the  same  tin.-       II 

1         ■  great  body 

■  icts  of  »•»'■ 

3.  Any  uti- 
le A  L. 
ting  to  the  ocean.     Synj  see  s*i  m- 
Those  Islands 
l-.u  ■•■   \:..--.    .      O 're-an  l-<  a:. 

I 

mighty 
ancients  to  encircle  the  habitable 


o-eeHlu- 

rtmpte  dementi  In  a  eomi 

sr  surround.- 

eat     oT     a     pre-v 
yellowish    or    reddish 
gray,  with  blaek-- 
hhxrhea         [<     ' 

-  :     2   - 

hi  hr. 

irth 

sa  • :    i- 

■BJ  '.    ■:•    - 

o'rhre-i. 

- 


a.    Having  eye-like 


oculiu    ■ 

I    1  -a\.  2  -I.  |  1 

I 
.-  In  Insects.    3.  A  spot 
or  rings '.f 

. 


-   -uc.] 

flock:  a  contrac- 

li.i  17       An 

■nanclpaUon. 
Oct.,  afSrr.    October 


...  i-. 
.1.    i.i- 
...    il- 


l 

...    i  I--. hi 
...    I,.  .   '  ...  -i.it  '- 

•  •-ii  il  'n      Ii  il. 

...     I  .    I.,    .h  ..ii. 

...  - 
I  in    k'il-1  ir 
...     1   iv  i  .  I.  I  .   ' 

.  ■  .    .1  1  I. 

II.  I 

' 

.'I .     /  I 

I  be  lengthen- 

i  • 

in  -i  i  in.  I.  I.  ]      Led  into 

'. 

II. 

I.  J 

...  -i.  ii  m-  j.        i 

I      unnui, 

ix--trt '.  i  ek-i  i .  ironosl- 

tiim  '  formers,    t.  A • 

'  etghi  perfon  ...  -i.  1 1. 

iK--iirn.ni. 

figure  i  w nil  .• 
i  figure  1  with  4 B  ciphers.  — 
...-ill  II. H. lb. 
o. -in  tier.  1  ok-ta  ber.fi     The  tenth  month 

ighth  i  if  the  Roman  year),  having  81 
flit  ] 

Or-l<i'lirl-l. 

ipported  the  Imperial  manifesto  issued 

nr "to  gri  nsTl  en     I.  n 

ninety  years  of  age.    II.  n.    A  i- 

■ween    eighty   and    nlnet.. 
[  <  L.  oclogenartw 

or  tng'r  na  n  :.     o<"t.i-iat 'cr-al.  a 

...  ■- 
t<>-pii>.  n     [-pi.pl     I.  in  i  gnuanned 

cuttlefish:    a    devil-fish       ~i.    I 
tivei  ■■•]  power   n 

as  of  farT.  harm. 

oc"io-rooii '.   h 

...    to  cper'moas, 

oc*to- 
tyl-lab'ie,  tit  syi- 

..i    i ■►-- \  i  i  i-iii  ■ 

l»<'IU-pli-. 

i  g  of  eight  porta      2.  Mul- 

tiplied by  etgbi      oe  'tn-pij .  ndr. 

«k-"i r.il '.  i'.  n.       1.  A 

poly  conferred  by  government.    2.  A  tax  levied 

i  of  a  dty  on  articles  of  trade     3.  The  gate  where 

of  collection.     (F.) 

•x'u-lar,  1  .>k'yu-l;.r;  2  oc'yu-lar.     I.  a.     Pertaining  to, 

■  I  from,  oi  II.         The 

i  forming  1  >•  an  optical  instrument. 

-I>.  id  -'n-lM,  n.    One  skilled  In 

...I.  .    r  6d,  n.    A  hypothetical  force  formerly 

ide  all  nature:  assumed  to  account 

■Km.     [  <  Gr.  hodos, 

■■•Ii.     Inn  !•:;  iMl)llr  fur. 

Odti  oddt. 

o'ila-ll»k,u'ri&-llsk;2  0'da-ll.-k.  n    A  U -male  slave  in  an  Eastern 

[<  Turk,  odahk  J    o 'da-Ilk:;  o'da-INuur:. 
O.  Dm..         '      '   i  l 

<«|i|.  i  .  1.  Not  even;  leaving  a  remainder 

odH,  (  when  divided  by  two     'l.  Marked  with  an  odd 
riumlx  r     3.  Left  over  after  a  division    4.  Additional  to 
round  numbei     ■">•  nal     (J.  1'iiuliar;  singu- 

lar; queer.    (  <  lee.  oddi,  triangle.] 
Syn..aii'in  :.'rle.  eTtraor 

I  .•  .    jKTiiHar,  uiiaitii. 
unii|u<-.  unmatebed,  mi- 
usuai.  whin  .   mk    bakb     Ant.,  common,  eon- 

irmal.  ordinary,  u^ual  — odd'l-t), 
n.     \-i\t.~1.  I  !  I 

odd  'l> .  ait      iHld'ni- 
•  xid-.  .  l.  Advantage  oi  i 

'nbution  or  comparison;  a.«,  the  oddt 

in  on.-'- favor.     'I.  -s  con- 

bence,  an  allowance  by  way  of 

at    odd-.  odds  and  ends, 

,    fragments;  miscellaneous  articles. 


Octopus,     i/m 


1: » =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell:     IQ  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    rj  =  sin(7;    fhin,   this.     Occident 
54*      2:wplf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  ottlce 


ode,  1  od;  2  6d,  n.  A  brief  poem  characterized  by  exalted 
feeling.      [  <  Gr.  ode,  song,  <  aeido,  sing.] 

-ode1.   From  Greek  hodos,  way:  a  suffix  denoting  direction. 

-ode2.  From  Greek  -odes,  like,  similar,  <  -o-  -J-  eidos, 
form:  a  suffix  denoting  likeness  to. 

o-de'on,  1  o-dl'on;  2  o-de'on,  n.  1.  In  ancient  Greece,  a 
roofed  theater.  2.  Rarely,  in  modern  usage,  a  theater  or 
music«hall.     [  <  Gr.  odeion,  <  ode,  song,  <  aeido,  sing.] 

O'der,  1  0'dar;  2  o'der,  n.  A  river  in  Germany;  550  m.  to  the 
Baltic  sea. 

O-des'sa,  1  o-des'a;  2  o-des'a,  n.  A  Russian  seaport  on  the 
Black  Sea:  pop.  631,040;  shelled  by  Turkish  navy,  1914; 
taken  by  German  forces,  March  13,  recaptured  by  Russians 
March  27.  1918. 

o'dic1,  1  o'dik  or  od'ik;  2  6'die  or  6d'ic,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
od.    See  od,  n. 

o'dic2,  a._  Of  or  pertaining  to  an  ode. 

O'din,  1  o'din; 2  o'din,  n.  .Worse  Myth.  Chief  of  the  gods;  god 
of  war,  and  founder  of  art  and  culture. 

o'di-um,  1  6'di-um;  2  o'di-um,  n.  1.  The  quality  that 
makes  odious;  the  state  of  being  odious;  offensiveness; 
unpopularity.  2.  A  feeling  of  extreme  repugnance  or 
disgust.    [L,.,  <  odi,  hate.]    Syn.:  see  scandal. 

— o'di-ous,  a.  1.  Exciting  extreme  repugnance  or  dis- 
gust. 2.  Regarded  with  aversion  or  disgust.  Syn.:  see 
foul;  infamous.— o'di-ous-ly,  adv. — o'dl-ous-ness,  n. 

0"do-a'cer,  1  o"do-e'sar;  2  6"do-a'cer.  n.  (4347—493.)  Ger- 
man general;  ruled  Italy  from  476:  killed  by  Theodoric. 

o-dom'e-ter,  1  o-dem'i-tar;  2  o-d6m'e-ter,  n.  An  appliance 
for  measuring  distance  traveled,  as  a  mechanical  registering 
attachment  to  the  wheel  of  a  vehicle.  [  <  Gr.  hodos,  way,  -f- 
mctron,  measure. 1 — o-dom'e-try,  n.  Mechanical  measure- 
ment of  distance. 

o-dont'-,    )  1  o-dent'-,  o-don'to-;  2  o-dSnt'-,  o-ddn'to-.    From 

o-don 'to-, )  Greek  odous  (otlont-),  a  tooth:  combining  forms. 
— o"don-tal'gi-a,  n.  Pathol.  The  toothache.  [4-  Gr.  algos, 
pain.) — o"don-tal'glc.  I.  a.  Relating  to  toothache.  II.  n. 
A  remedy  for  toothache. — o"don-tol  'o-gy,  n.  The  body  of 
scientific  knowledge  that  relates  to  the  teeth.  [+  -logy.)  — 
o-don"to-Iog'lc  or-l-cal,  a. 

o'dor,  1  o'dar;  2  6'dor,  n.  1.  That  quality  of  a  material 
substance  that  renders  it  perceptible  to  the  sense  of 
smell;  scent,  2.  Hence,  regard  or  estimation.  3.  A  vol- 
atile emanation,  as  from  some  animal  or  plant,  that 
affects  the  organs  of  smell.  [OF.,  <  L.  odor,  olor,  < 
oleo,  smell.)  o'dourj.  Syn.:  see  savor:  smell. — o'dored, 
a. — o"dor-lf 'er-ous,  a.  Diffusing  an  odor. — o 'dor-less,  a. 
Having  no  odor,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. — o'dor-ous,  a. 
Having  an  odor;  fraRrant.     -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

Od  'ys-sey,  1  od'i-si;  2  od'y-sy,  n.  An  epic  poem  attributed  to 
Homer,  describing  the  wanderings  of  Ulysses  (Gr.  Odysseus) 
after  the  siege  of  Troy. — Od"ys-sey'an,  a. 

O.  E.,  abbr.    Old  English;  omissions  excepted. 

eee"u-men'lc,  oe-de'ma,  etc.    Same  as  ecumenic,  etc. 

(Ed'l-pus,  1  ed'Hor  I'di-)pus;  2  ed'i-[or  e'di-]pus,  n.  Gr.  Myth. 
Son  of  Laius,  king  of  Thebes:  killed  his  father  by  mistake  In 
fulfilment  of  an  oracle;  guessed  the  riddle  of  the  sphinx  and 
endured  many  vicissitudes.  His  story  forms  the  theme  of 
several  Greek  tragedies. 

cell'sdesbaeuf',  1  0'ya=da*b0f:  2  u'ycdobuf',  n.  Arch.  A 
circular  or  oval  window;  a  bull's-eye.  [F.,  <  L.  oculus,  eye, 
+  de,  of,  +  bos,  ox.] 

o?H"lade't,  n.    A  glance:  an  ogle;  an  amorous  look. 

(E-no'ne,  1  I-no'ni:  2  c-no'ne.  a.  Or.  Myth.  A  nymph  of 
Mount  Ida;  wife  of  Paris,  who  deserted  her  fur  Helen. 

o'er,  1  or;  2  or,  adv.  &.  prep.  [Poet.]  A  contraction  of  over. 

o?-soph'a-gus,  n.    Same  as  esophagus. 

of,  1  ev;  2  6v,  prep.  1.  Associated  or  connected  with,  usu- 
ally in  some  causal  relation.  2.  From,  out  from,  or  pro- 
ceeding from,  usually  indicating  the  relation  of  instru- 
ment, movement,  separation,  or  the  result  of  BOme  act- 
ing cause  or  agency.  3.  Directed  toward  or  exerted 
upon,  indicating  direction  of  causal  agency  or  action, 
4.  In  respect  to;  concerning;  about.  5.  Equivalent  to 
special  senses  of  various  prepositions:  (1)  During.  <2) 
With.  (3)Over.  (4)  Among;includedin.  [<A8.o/frrom.] 

O.  ¥.,  abbr.    odd  Fellow;  old  French. 

off,  1  of;  2  of.  I.  a.  1.  Farther,  or  more  distant;  specifi- 
cally, to  the  right*hand,  as  one  oi  a  pair  of  a 
abreast.  2.  Aside  from  a  main  track  or  way.  3.  Noting 
interruption,  as  of  something  usual;  as,  an  off  day, 
4.  Cricket  On  the  left  of  the  bowler  S.  [Colloq.]  Cir- 
cumstanced or  situated  in  a  particular  mannei ;  as,  wi  II 
off.  6.  [Colloq.]  Aside  or  away  from  the  facts;  wrong 
fl.  adv.    l.Away.    (1)  Noting  a  point 

tance.    (2)  So  as  to  be  lea  ened,  deci I,  oi  ■topped 

(3)  Noting  the  ad  of  removing  or  separation       I 

to  keep  away,    2.  Entirely  to  an  end  or  to  completion; 

utterly.  3.  Sunt.  A  way.  as  from  tin'  wind  III.  prep. 
1.  From:  noting  deviation,  distance,  separation,  or  re- 
moval; as,  off  the  key,  off  the  table,  nff  one's  bauds,  off 


shore.     2.  Extending  away  or  out  from;  as,  off  Broad- 
way.   3.  Of  or  on:  noting  material;  as,  to  dine  off  bread 
and  cheese.    TV.interj.   Begone!  away!    [  <  of,  prep.]  — 
off  and  on,  now  and  then;  occasionally,     nir  easl   . 
Anything  thrown  away  or  rejected— on"  color.  ui> 
tory  In  color:  hence,  inferior.  —  ofl'scour"lng,  *.     That 
which  is  scoured  off:  something  vile  or  despised;   refuse 
Syn.:  see  waste.  —  off'shoot",  n.    Something  that  br 
off  from  the  parent  stock  or  is  regarded  as  a  side  : 
offshore".    I.  a.    1.  Moving  or  directed  away  from  the 
shore.    2.  Situated  or  occurring  at  some  distance  from  the 
shore.    II.  adv.    1.  At  a  distance  from  the  shore.    8.  From 
or  away  from  the  shore. 

off.,  abbr.    Official,  officinal. 

Offal,  1  ef'al;  2  of'al,  n.    1.  Those  parts  of  a  bul 

animal  that  are  rejected  as  worthless.     2.  Rubbish  or 
refuse  of  any  kind.    [  <  off  +  fall,  n.\    Sill.:  see  wASn 

Offen-bach,  1  efen-baH; 2 Sfeh-baH, Jacques  (1819  1880). 
A  naturalized  French  composer  of  German  birth 

of-fend'd,  1  o-fend';  2  6-fend',  t.    I.  I     1.  To  give  dis- 
pleasure or  offense  to;   affront.      8  .   To   -in     .. 
cause  to  sin  or  stumble.    II.  i.    1.  To  transgress  laws  or 
commands;  sin.    2.  To  displease,  or  give  offense.    [<l.. 
ob,  before,  +  fendo,  strike]     Syn.:  see  aitbomt;  pi  . 
of-fend'er,  n—  of-fend'ress},  n.  /em.— of-fense',  n.     I. 
The  act  of  offending;  any  sin.     2.  That  which  Inju- 
feelings  or  causes  displeasure:  that  which  prot 
state  of  being  offended;  umbra  I 

5||.  A  cause  of  sin.    [OF.]    of-fence':. 

Syn.:    affront,    anger,  crime,   delinquency,   dispi. 
fault,  indignity,  Insult,  mlsdei id,  nusdemeanor,  outrai 
sentment,  sin,  transgression,  trespass,  umbrage     Bee  ibom- 
Ination;  AGGRESSION;  a\.;kii;  0UTRAG1  ;  Piqi  t  ;  >i\       Aiit : 

see  synonyms  for  ai-olouy. —  Prep.:  an  offense  afainxt  g l 

morals,  an  offense  to  honest  men.— Of-fenseless,  ,,t- 

fence'lessj.— of-fen'sh  (e».    I.  <j.    1.  Serving  or  Intended 
to  give  offense.     2.  Causing   unpleasant    s, ■; 
agreeable.    3.  Serving  as  a  means  of  attack.    4.  Injurious 
II.  n.  Aggressive  methods,  operations,  or  at  tit  tide.  S. 
foul;  rotten;  vulgar.— of-fen'sln.e-1) »,  ads.     oC-fen'- 
slv(e-ness»,  n. 

of  fer,  1  of'ar;  2  of'er,  r.  1. 1.  fu  To  tender  or  present  for 
acceptance  or  rejection;  bring  forward  or  into  notioe  in 
general.  2.  To  proffer;  volunteer.  3.  To  essay  or  at- 
tempt, as  an  insult  or  r  I.  •  with 
solemnity  or  in  worship;  sacrifice  II.  1.1 
itself.  2.  To  make  an  attempt:  wil  make 
an  offering,  as  of  prayer  or  thanks.  [<  L.**  00,  toward, 
+  Zero,  bear. | 

Syn.:  adduce,  allege,  bid,  exhibit,  extend,  hold  forth,  hold 
out,  make  an  offer,  make  a  proposal,  present,  proffer,  pro- 
pose, tender,  volunteer.     What  one  h'Tt    he  brings  before 

another  tor  acceptance  or  rejection;  one  maj  ,,jTir  a  gift,  a 
suggestion,  or  a  sacrifice;  one  may  even  aff<  r  an  Insult 
lng  the  other  party.  In  common  phrase,  to  "take  it  up"  "r 
not.  Proffer  Is  a  more  formal  and  deferential  word,  with  % 
suggestion  of  contingency:  as,  to  prutj.r  one's  SSrvlOM  the 
worshiper  offers,  but  does  not  />r.. ff,r  saerltlee 

— Ant.:  alienate,  divert,  refuse,  retain,  retract,  withdraw, 

withhold. — offer,   n.      The   act   Of   ottering,   a    proffer   or 

proposal.    Syn.:  see  profosaj      offer-er,  •      •■!  ter-lng, 

n.     1.  The  act  of  making  an  offer     2.  Dial  which  Is  Offered: 
Bacrlllce:  a  contribution  at  a  religious  servloe      of'fir-o,- 

ry,  ri.    [-nits',  pi.]  iccri.  Verses  or  words  said  or  sung  dur- 
ing tb  Ol  offerings,  henee.  the  offering. 

offg.,  ae&r.    Officiating. 

olf  hand",  </.  &  adv.     Without   preparation 
nious  or  uneeremoi  rntMPoaANi 

office,  |  1  ef'is;  2  5f'ic.  n     1.  A  particular  duty,  i  I 

of  lis",  )  or  trust     2.  A  right  to  exercise  ■  pi 
vate  function     8.  A  service  or  duty ;  busini         • 
which  is  'lone,  or  inti  ndi  d  to  be  done,  by  a  pai  I 
tiling;  function    5.  A  plaoe  where  bu 
6.  pi    [Eng  |  The  outDuildin 

nt  her  di ; 

whose  headquarters  are  m  an  office    8. 

prescribed  religious  or  devotii  I 

fered  action  ol  any  Kim!:  usuall)  in  the  plu 

aid     H   .        I     ■  'I"  I 

o|  io  i    leeWer,  ol  Hi  i   hoi  I 
Who  teeka  or  holds  an  office  undi  ol  *<-••' 

l.r/     i.  i ..  command  as  an  ofl 

for.      II.   u       I .   

oomp  in-. .  ■ 

,V,;r,;/  I  II,,-    a|ipolllle.|     1    | 

whetber  by  commhMlon,  w  of-B'elal. 

I.  a     I.  Pertaining  to  an  "ffln  or  pub 

from  the  proper  office  oi  offli ' 

Authorised  to  be  used  In  mi  d II.  n     - 

public  otihe  or  perfonnln  -•>• 

odi     •nets,  'i     iiMrri.ii-i-ni.         I. 
dllloti,  or  system.     2.   lllgld  adherence  to  offli 


■  f T I .  In  .1 

Miiiill.irl.Mi-- 


..IT 

-ll. 

..ir 

off  % 

•  1   .         1 

..IT  ihool    .  .'If  -In.r 
•  ■  If  ~  I > r  1 1 1  __    . 


-in  -s. 
I  I. 


II. 

•  inued  t.. 

•  ..IT.     5. 
i-i'lT. 


(».  1  rte*. 

..ft. 

■  ■II   ,  :,. 


i>    i 


■  ■  W* 


■Eh 


■     \< 

I.  II. 

..ll  en-times", 
i  din. •  : 

:  by  the 

i  ting  haying  in 

used  In 

J.'lni  .   British 

in/. 

n.   Arch.  1. 
.'  irct      i 

O-gl  »al,  n. 
I-  '..I. in-.;]     T.i 

r  with 
II.  Ka  amorous  or  coquettish 

]— o'- 
'gHog, 

J. mi.  -  Edward 
I .hinted  colony  of  < . 
II. 

I 
:*K"       [P.,    ■ 
u  see  scahecbow.  — o'gre-Mi,  .      o'gxfsb 


. 
O-Dt  I-..  ;   ■  -gyg'l-a.  n.  Myth.  The  Island  of 

toe  Odyssey. 
"ti.  I  sudden 

'. 
|  •    n    «... 
O-hTa,  i 

llTO,     III. 

11,040  aq.  m.; 

"tiiii. 

rician  | 
..:.  r 

trlng  the 
rtaartaoce  ■  iiiiin'ic,  a. 

"  li"  '•  unation  ex]  i 

-   '      ..-:.:.•••.•.:     ..      -    .-T-     •.  •].  or  a  li  i-.t.  r.nir  -;.inl 
-old. 

■ 
'   -rn.) 
ml.  1.1. 

'■■ 
II.  •ili]<-,  animal, 

..;l   i  lutli".    n.       1. 

oil  ■ 
color,        i  •  I  with  oil.    oil  ■ 

pain-  I 

reasel  for  tbl 
port^-  ..H'man.n     A  mai  r dealer 

In  oils .—  oil  painting,  n.    1- The  art  of  painting  In  oils.   2. 


I  B        "t.flr;    full.  rOli-:    Lilt,  Iiftm; 

ill  I  -II 

>  "ii  ikln*i        <  ii.ui 

I  or  n  k'trmcnl  ..f  mob  mate- 
oil    •torn    .  \  .i    w iii-n  moist- 

iiIIhcII,  r,       \  well 

-  lllll 

»ll  '> .  i  i-nt;  oil'i-mt.)   Pai  taining 

■  .1  wiih  oil;  smooth  in  speech  "r 
oil   i-h  .  nil   l-iii-^. 

"III!      llll    III.      1      ...:    '  \ 

»  it  li  which  some  modi. 

I   •" 

<>  ir  .  i  ii.i  uian.  [<mh.'»;i:. 

<'-|Hi   ».i>.    .  Hi        '    .•  'Ih'wa.    ri        Sam*   :•      I    IIIPPEWA 

0   iv  .  rreei      [ Humorous  spoiling,  oil  komct.] 

o-ka'pl, 

nam  .i  '  ■■.mi  in  t  be  Belgian  Kongo 

II    U.i-v    i    in  I. 

■   in  8  \\  .   Honshu  i 

O-khoUk',  1  ..  ketsl  x-a  "(. 

Inlet  ol  the  N   Pacific  ocean 
oOelal). 

tl  k  I  »..  abbt      <  >  k  I  I  li  ..  in  ■ 

O  i.i.i-h"  in. i.    i 

..    n      A 
State  in  B   oentral  United 
70.057  ■.!!  in  .  pop 
970;     capital,     Okla- 
homa 1  It  V. 

o'kru.  i  rykra  3  OTtra,  a.      \ 

lirrli  "f  African  orlk'ln  nr  Its 

mucilaginous  pod 

simps.    [\\  .  linl  ,     "(lira;; 
ii  Yliro:. 
Oku.    )    .-.kn:  :_•  "ku     Cnuiil    Ya-ukala    (1844  ).     A 

Japanese  general;  commanded  in  the  Russian  war. 

O'kii-ma,     1     o'ku-ma;     2     6'ku-nia.     fount     Slilgcniibu 

).    a  J,.;  rman  and  financier. 

-ol,  perly,  an 

alcohol;  as,  pbanol  .  an  iiii.    [Abbr. of  alcoiiol; 

or  <  L.  vli  urn.  oil.) 

hi.,      'r.   oi.um  ii...  oil..  Olympiad. 

O'laf.  1  o'lnf;  8  o'laf,  Saint   (996-1080).     Ring  and  patron 
rtio  Christianised  tbe  country.   o-ia'u>;. 

-olatr> ,  sufflx.    See  -lathy. 

old,  l  Bid;  ~  Bid,  ■!.  1.  Haying  lived  or  existed  La  a  certain 
Btateforalongtime;  far  advanced  in  life;  aged,  Z.  Hav- 
ing some  specified  age.  3.  Having  been  made,  used,  or 
known  for  a  long  tune.    4.  In  old  style;  antiquated; 

wortl  ■">.!  ied  or  established  for  a  lorn;  ti ; 

familiar;  customary.  6.  [Colloq  ]  I  nusual;  surprising; 
as,  a  high  old  time.  7t-  Mori-  than  enough;  plenty. 
[<  AS.  ,,il.l,  old.] 
Syn.:  aged,  ancient,  antiquated,  antique,  decrepit,  elderly, 
hoary,  Immemorial,  obsolete,  olden,  patriarchal,  re- 
mote, senile,  time-honored,  t Inn-worn,  venerable.     Thai   Is 

termed  old  which  has  existed  long,  or  w  blch  existed  long  ago. 

Hid.  f  ri  .in  the  \iicio->a  -.oil,  K  tin-  most  familiar  of  Uus  group 

.is.     Familiarity,  on  one  side.  Is  near  to  contempt; 

thus  we  say.  an  old  coat,  an  old  hat.     On  the  other  band, 

familiarity  Is  akin  to  tenderness,  and  thus  old  Is  a  word  of 

■  ad."  the  "did  oaken  buck- 

'  Tell  me  the  old.  old  .stop.  I"     Oldt  n  Is  a  statelier  form 

of  old.  and  is  applied  almost  exclusively  to  time,  not  to 

places,  buildings,  persons,  etr.    As  regards  periods  of  time, 

the  familiar  are  also  the  near;  thus,  the  old  times  are  not  too 
faraway  for  familiar  thought  and  reference;  the  Olden  times 

are  more  remote,  ta  tUl  further  removed.    Aged 

applies  chiefly  to  long-extended  human  life.  Decrepit,  gray, 
and  hoary  refer  to  the  effects  ol  age  on  tbe  body  exclusively; 

npon  the  mind  alsn;  as.  a  decTejfii  frame,  senile  gar- 
ruIOUBneSB.    <  me  may  he  nged  and  neither  (Uct,  pit  nor 

.  IS  applied  t"  those  WbO  have  passed  middle  life,  hut 
scarcely  reached  old  age.     Ri  moU     I.   re,  hack  or  away,  and 

move,  primarily  refers  to  space,  hut  Is  extended  to 
that  which   Is   far  off   In    time;  period. 

..  iknt;  obsolete;  pbimevaIi.  Compare  ANTIQUE, — 
Ant.:  Compart  tor  new;  rot  wfui 

of  old.      1.  Of  ancient  times.     Z.  A  long  time.— old'- 
i'ii.      I.  it.  A:    rt.      TO  render  old;   crow    old.      11.   a.      Old; 

'    Syn.:  see  Mm  old'«fan'*gled,  a.    Having  a 

fondness  for"whai  i     old»fashlonedf  a.   1. 

Having  the  cbkracti  oms  of  former  times;  an- 

tiquated; old-time.    Z.  Having  the  notions  or  ways  of  an  old 
d.    Syn.:  sec  antique.— Old  French,  the  French  lan- 
to  the    l-lth  century.-  Old 
Glon     '     3J,    the  Hag  of  the   Cnlted   Statits.-    old'lsli,  a. 

..id  light.  I.a.     Favoring  old  principles;  In  the  Scottish 

( Iburch,  favoring  union  between  church  and  state.  II.  n.  One 
who  maintains  oldVUgbt  principles— old  maid,  a  single  and 
elderly  woman;  spinster-  old  mialdlsli,  «.— old'ness,  r». 
— old'bquaw,  n.    A  sca»duck  of  the  northern  hemisphere. 


1:  a  =  final;    I  =  hablt^   aisle:    an  =  out;    ell:    10  =  feud:    (fhin;    go;    n  =  sin0;   fhin,   this.  officinal 

545  2:  wolf,  dp;  book,  boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this,  omnifarious 


Oleander. 


old'wifej.— old  :style,  a.  1.  Of  a  former  style:  specifically 
said  of  type  of  a  face  In  use  In  the  18th  century,  recently 
revived. 

This  is  01d=style  Type. 

2.  Noting  a  mode  of  reckoning  time.  See  style. — old* 
time,  a.  Of  long  standing. — old  =t liner,  re.  [Colloq.]  One 
who  has  resided  in  a  place  or  filled  a  position  for  a  long  time. 
—old  'wife,  re.  1.  The  old=squaw  duck  2.  One  of  various 
fishes.— old=  world,  a.  1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  Old  World 
or  eastern  hemisphere.    2.  Prehistoric;  antique. 

old1,  re.    Former  or  ancient  times;  as,  men  of  old. 

old2t,  re.    Same  as  wold. 

Old 'en-burg,  1  old'en-bura:  2  old'en-buna,  re.  1.  A  grand 
duchy  in  N.  Germany:  2.482  sq.  m.;  pop.  483,000.  2.  Its 
capital;  pop.  28,600. 

Old 'ham,  1  old'am;  2  513'am,  n.  A  manufacturing  town  In 
N.  W.  England:  pop.  151.000. 

old'ster,  1  old'star;  2  old'ster,  re.  [Colloq.]  A  person  of  ad- 
vanced years;  an  old  or  elderly  man. 

Old  Test.,  O.  T.,  abbr.    Old  Testament. 

-ole,  suffix.    Forming  diminutives,  as  nucleate. 

o"le-ag'i-nous,  1  6"h-aj'i-nus;  2  6"le-ag'i-nus,  a.  Per- 
taining to  oil;  oily.    [  <  L.1*  oleum,  oil.]   -ness,  n. 

o"le-an'der,   1   6"h-an'dar;  2   6"le-an'der,   re.      An  Old 
World     evergreen      ornamental 
shrub  with  leathery  leaves  and 
clusters  of  pink  or  white  flowers. 
[  <  F.  oleandre,  <  L.  rhododendron 

(see    RHODODENDRON).] 

o"le-as'ter,  1  o"h-as'tar:  2  6"le- 
as'ter,  n.    An  ornamental  shrub 
or    small    tree;    the  wild   olive. 
[L.,      <     olea     (<     Gr.     elaia),,^ 
olive.] 

o"le-fl'ant,  1  o'h-fal'ant  or  o-ll'fi- 
ant;  2  oTe-fl'ant  or  o-le'fi-ant,  a. 
Producing  oil.  [  <  L.  oleum,  oil,  + 
facio,  make.] — oleflant  gas,  bicar- 
bureted  hydrogen:  a  former  name. 

O'ie-in,  1  o'h-in;  2  o'le-in,  n.    Chem. 

A  colorless  liquid  compound,  the  chief  constituent  of  fatty 
oils.    [  <L.  oleum,  oil.] 

o'le-o-,  1  o'li-o-;  2  6'le-o.  Derived  from  Latin  oleum,  oil:  a 
combining  form. — o'le-o-graph,  re.  1.  A  chromolitho- 
graph imitating  an  oil=painting.  2.  The  pattern  assumed  by 
a  drop  of  oil  placed  on  water.  [+  -graph.] — o"le-o-mar'- 
ga-rin  or  -rine,  n.  Artificial  butter,  variously  made. 
[+  margarin.]  o'le-ot. — o"le-o=oll',  n.  Animal  fat. — o"le- 
o-res'In,  re.  A  native  compound  of  an  essential  oil  and  a  resin. 

ol-fac'to-ry,  1  el-fak'to-n;  2  61-fae'to-ry.  I.  a.  Per- 
taining to  the  sense  of  smell.  II.  n.  [-riesz,  pi.] 
[Colloq.]  The  organ  of  smell.  [  <  L.  olfactorium,  smell- 
lng»bottle.] 

o-lib'a-num,  1  o-llb'a-num;  2  o-llb'a-num,  re.  A  gum=resin; 
Oriental  frankincense.  [LL.,  <  Ar.  al-lubdn,  <  al,  the,  + 
Ivhdn,  frankincense.] 

ol  'i-gar"chy,  1  el'i-gar"ki;  2  61'i-g:ir"cy,  n.  [-chies*.  pi.] 
A  form  of  government  in  which  supreme  power  is  re- 
stricted to  a  few.  [<  Gr.  oligos,  few,  +  archO,  rule.]  — 
ol'i-garch,  n.  A  ruler  in  an  oligarchy. — ol"l-gar'chle,  a. 
oI"i-gar'cnaU;  ol"i-gar'chl-<'alf. 

Ol'l-go-cene,  1  ol'i-go-sln;  2  61'i-gO-cSn,  a.  Geol.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  the  second  in  order  of  age  ol  the  scries  ol  strata 
comprised  in  the  Tertiary  system. — Ol'i-gO-cene,  A. 

o'll-o,  1  o'li-6;  2  o'li-o,  n.  A  miscellaneous  collection,  as 
of  musical  pieces  or  numbers;  a  medley.     [<   1..  oUa,  pol  1 

ol'ive, )  1  ol'iv;  2  61'iv.    I.  a.    1.  Pertaining  to  the  olive. 

ol'iv",  J  2.  Having  a  dull  greenish-yellow  is. lor.  II.  n. 
1.  An  evergreen  tree  with  leathery  Leaves  and  an  oily 
fruit.  2.  The  fruit  of  the  olive-tree.  -I.  A  dull  yellow- 
ish«green  color.  [F.,  <  L.  olira,  <  Gr  eiato,  olive-tree.] 
— ol'lve=branch",  n.  a  branch  ol  the  olive-tree,  e  an 
emblem  of  peace.— o. soil,  re.  oil  expressed  from  olives: 
used  in  salad-dressings.  -ol"l-va'ccous,  a.  olive-green.— 
ol'i-va-ry,a.    Like  an  olive,  especially  In  shape. 

Ol'l-vcr,  l  oi'i-var;  2  61'1-ver,  re.  a  paladin  of  <  Ibarlemagne's 
court.    Compare  Roland. 

ori-vet,  l  (ii'i-vet;  2  61'i-vet,  re.  An  eminence  cast  "f  Jeru- 
salem.   AfaU.XXl.l.    Mount  ofOllvest. 

ol'l-vln,    )  1  el'l-Vin,  -vln  or  -vin;  2  ol'l-vln.  -vln  or  -vln,  n. 

ol'l-vlne,  { l.  Same  as  chrysolite.  2.  <  Ireen  garnet;  a  com- 
mercial use. 

ol'la,  l  oi'a;  2  oi'a.  re.  a  wlde*mouthed  pol  or  jar,  especially 
one  of  earthenware.    [Sp.,  •     I,.  «//</.  pot. | 

ol'la  po-drl'da,  1  el's  po-drl'de;  2  61'a  po-drl'da.  I.  a  dish 
of  meat  and  vegetables  stewed  together,  2.  Any  beteroge 
neous  mixture  or  miscellany.    [Sp.] 

Ol'len-dorf,  1  el'en-dorf;  2  0l'8n-d6rf,  llelnrlrh  Gottfried 
(1803-1866).    A  German  grammarian  and  teaoher, 

ol'o-gy,  1  ol'o-Ji;  2  ol'o-gy,  n.  [-01E8*,  pi.)  [HumOTOUI.]  A 
science  or  branch  of  learning. 


-ology,  suffix.    A  suffix  used  in  English  words  derived  from  the 
Greek;  denoting  (1)  a  science,  as  phnotooy;  (2)  (rarely)  a  col- 
lection, as  anthology.    [(1)   <  L.  -ologla,  <  Gr.  -ol 
legs,  speak;  (2)  <  'L.-ologia,  <  Gr.  -ologia,  <  leoO,  gather.] 

o'ly-koek",  1  o'h-kuk";  2  0'ly-kuk',  re.  A  Dutch  cake  like  a 
cruller.   [<  i).  oliekoet,  oil-cake,  <  olic,  oil,  +  tock,  cake.] 

OI>  in.,  abbr.    Olympiad. 

O-lym'pi-a,  1  o-lim'pi-o;  2  o-lym'pl-a.  re.  1.  An  ancient 
sacred  vale,  near  Klis.  Peloponnesus.  Greece;  scene  of  the 
Olympic  games.  2.  A  city  on  Puget  Sound;  capital  ol 
Washington  State;  pop.  7,000. 

O-lym'pus,  1  o-lim'piis;  2  o-lyni'pus.  re.  Gr.  Myth.  The  home 
of  the  gods,  on  the  summit  of  the  mountain  of  thai  name  In 
Thessaly.— O-lym 'pi-ad,  re.  The  interval  of  four  yean 
between  two  successive  celebrations  of  the  Olympic  games, 
by  which  intervals  the  ancient  Greeks  reckoned  time  - 
O-lym'pi-an.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  the  great  godsot  Olym- 
pus or  to  the  Olympic  games.  II.  re.  1.  one  of  the  higher 
gods  of  the  Greek  mythology.  2.  A  contestant  in  the  Olym- 
pic games.— O-lym 'pie,  a.  Pertaining  to  Mount  i  >l>  mpus, 
or  the  plain  of  Olympia,  where  athletic  games  and  races  (the 
Olympic  or  Olympian  games  or  the  O-lym 'pica 
neld  for  live  days  in  succession. 

O-lyn'tUus,  1  o-liii'flnis:  2  o-lyn'thus.  re.    An  ancient  City  In 
S.  E.  Macedonia:  destroyed   by   Philip  11.,  :(.">:    it    C 
O-lyn'thl-ac,  «.  —  Ol}  ntliiae  orations,  three  orations  ,,f 
Demosthenes   (349   B.  C),   to   incite  Athens  to  reinforce 
Olynthus  against  Philip. 

Om.  1  om;  2  6m,  re.  1.  A  mystic  ejaculation  representing  the 
name  of  the  Supreme  Being,  uttered  bj  Hindus  on  solemn 
occasions  of  invocation  to  Brahma.  2.  in  modern  occultism, 
the  spiritual  essence.    [Sans,]    Aiimf. 

O.  M.  ,abbr.    Old  measurement,  order  of  Merit. 

-oma.  Pathol.  A  suffix  denoting  a  tumor  or  morbid  growih 
as,  sarcoma.    [<  Gr.  -Oma.] 

O'ma-lia1,  1  o'ma-ho;  2  5'ma-ha,  n.  A  city  of  E.  Nebraska; 
pop.  210,000. 

O'ma-tia1,  n.  One  of  a  Slouan  tribe  of  North-American  Indi- 
ans now  living  in  Nebraska. 

O-man',  1  o-mtin';  2  G-man',  re.  A  sultanate-  in  S  E.  Arabia; 
under  British  iniluence;  82,000  sq.  ni  :  pop    500,000 

O'mar,  1 6'mar;  2  6'mar,  n.  1.(682  644.)  A  Mohammedan 
calif;  captured  Jerusalem;  d  library  at  Alexandria. 

2.  O.  Khayyam,  1  kni-yam';  2  ky-y&m',  "the  tent-maker" 
(1025?-1123).  a  Persian  poet,  mathematician,  and  asiron- 
omer.  3.  O.  Pasha  U806V-1S7!  i,  Turkish  commander-in- 
chief  in  the  Crimean  war. 

o-ma'sum,  1  o-me'sum;  2  o-ma'sum  re.  [-8A,  pt.]  The 
manypliesor  third  stomach  of  a  ruminant.    |l.  .  paunch  ] 

om'ber,  1  em'bsr;  2  om'bBr,  n.    a  gambling  game  with  4t) 
cards,  much  played  in  the  18th  century.     [<   Sp.» 
man.]    om'bret. 

Om"dur-iiiaii,  1  om'dur-mun';  2  6m"dur-man',  n.  A  town 
in  the   Egyptian  Sudan,  on    the    \iie   near    Khartum;   liere 

Kitchener  defeated  the  Khalifa,  successor  of  the  Mahdl, 

Sept.  2.  1898.    Sis-  M  audi. 

o-me'Ka,  1  o-mI'ge;2  o-mS'ga,  n.    The  twentyf ourth  and 

last  letter  in  the  Greek  alpnabet  (O,  u>);  figuratively, 
the  end.    [<  Gr.  S  mega,  great  o] 

Olll'O-ll't,   1   om'l-let;  2   <">lll'e-lct,    i:        A    dish    of  Bfl 

milk,  etc.,  beaten  together  and  fried.     [  <  F  OftlSt 

L,  lamella,  thin  plate.] 

o'liicn,  l  6 'men;  2  "'men.  I.  tt.  A  n  To  serve  as  an 
omen;  presage.  II.  n  \  phi  omi  non  oi  inoidoni  re- 
garded as  a  prophetic  Blgn,  [1  1  s.\n.:  see  bion  omi- 
nous,  a.  01  the  nature  of  an  evil  omen;  UI«omened  -i> . 
adv.  -ix-ss,  n, 

o-men'tum,  1  o-men'tum; 2 o-mSn'tum, n  i  PA.pt.]  I  free 
fold  of  tin-  i  >i  Tito  ileum  passing  between  certain  ol  tho  vis- 
cera.   |l...  fat-skin.]  I  ■     If 

o'nicr,  l  o'i ■•..mot.  «,    a  Hebrew  men  uro  (6  i 

o-iniC,  1  o-mit';  2  o-rnlt',  n  [o-mit'ti  as\  o  wnnnNn  I 
1.  To  leave  out;  drop;  di  card  8.  [*o  leave  unper- 
formed,   I  •     l    ob,  by,    I    milto,  send  1    o-mls'sl-hlc. 

a      rhal   •"       I lined;  subjeel  to  omliwlon     o-mls'" 

vhn''1,  a.    -lyf  ade,    o-mu'sloni  n     i.  i  in  ac(  of  omit- 
■;.  \ie  thing  oi  BOD 

om'nl-i  l  oim'iu  .  :.'  6m'ni  ,  crom  Latin  omnit,  all.  ■ 
combining  form 

oni'iii-liiis,   l  om'ii  I.  i    Covoring 

:,  full  collection  ol  obji  1 1        D.  I.    \  long  four- 

w  beeled  i 

•;.    i ,.  .'■     \  lure  li..\  on  a  l'\  ol  « ith  ii 
theater,     omnibus   Ih>\         I  lloq  ]    \    w 

notel     1 1   .       I  toorfoi  all  I 

om"iil-f.rrl-oiis,  a      c  if    all    \  o  |{ 

,,mm  i  oin-iiii  er-oii-.  „      Producing 

all    kind  I       I        I  om-nlflC,  'i 

|   .     I  om'nl-tonii.  lie.  log  ol    u.  eluding 

ail  toi  m     or  1 1 1 \  Ing  powt  r  to  taKe  evci     '  ■•  ■  ■ 

oin"iil-|iar'l-(),    ;i        i  nliii   :il    oquallt)         I  ■      I 

equal.]    om-nlp'a-ron 
\  i   L,  porto,  produce  ) 


UUIll|Mlfl 

,,,...1,1.!,. 


I  i  full.  rOI,,;    I, IK.  liOrri : 

,  ■  iii  i  <>      ,n; 


I 

.'. 

..iii-nlp  ..-I.  ii   ,  | 
.•ni-iiii,  ,.-i.  in. 
Ilmnlpolt  ii 

. 

I 
I. 

.M-  1,1-      .    I.    II-.    ,  ..Ill-Ills     I    |,    III   . 

r-iiin. 

Inrluil- 
I 

-Ii.  -ii, 

■ 

l 

- 
ntrai  point:  bill  navel  | 

I. 
ch  a  p<  - 

oner;  with  un- 
rard;  ahead:  along     4.  In  or  into 
•  >. 
1.  In  •  act  with  the 

■ 

-  of;  in  additidn 

by  the  ..  .  -'■    In  tin-  relation  of  following 

with.    .'{.  I  n  i  he 
• 

1.  .•  with,  environing,  or  lying 

• :  under  the  in- 
C.  being  engaged  in  the 


ii.  I. 

3.  In  th 

II 


of;  ab- 


n    s 


7.  Hence,  in  the  i: 

accruing  tin-  mibjecl 
■ 

tO.  hi 
relations 

;    i 

'  -    on,  an,  related 
SSTU  see  above:  at. 

■    n     : i.  45. 

MM  •-.  I .  time,  without  np,  - 

■   •  ■         :{. 
]  —all  at  oiii  e. 
i  ■;.  Immediately 

on  'lit.  :    used  also  sub- 

star,  .-rent  on  dll.     [F.j 

oil.'. 

II-  'i.  Being  a 

;. 

r;  this;  that. 
4 .  II.!.- 

■yn. 

-  m  conceived  and 
in  this  ««■  oft.-n  rlnnflorl  as  an 
.... 

aider 

■  'i      [ME.  one,  <m,   < 

1 1  one, 
!■  bar  one  da 

one  '  ii.,r-.".        i . 

■ 

on,  'to--,  unity.       Syi 

on 

•  ii,     -,,r  •  ,i.        l .  ■ 

fair:  Inadequ 
-1  . .  one  -up. 

tip  In  two-four 

the  one,         I  he 
Ignlflca- 

...     •■■■.  -.-.-rvd 

-     •  organic  compounds, 

O-uv'ga,  1  o-oi'ga;  2  o-nCga,  n.    A  lake  In  N.  Russia;  3.763 


III. 


on.  i  ,i  ■-.  !,<•  of  North* 

■ 

on  i  r-oii-. 

I  burden  !     S 

•  oi  •  i  -  •  ■  «i  -  - 1  *  .  on  ,r-. iiis- 

oii  ion.  I.  An undei  ground  edible 

bulb 

I     '     .  mil, ,n  | 

on   look   ,r.  ;  \     ■       •  itOJ 

on  I.,,.;    i, ik-.  on;  nl»o,  looking  f.,r»ar,i 

on  Ijr,  I.         i .  having 

I   Hiding 

ir  excellence  8}  n    m  a  (outabi 

II.              I.  Wil  boul  an, , ill, -i  '.'.  In 

one  manner  or  for  one  pun 'alone  ■'!.  In  full;  wholly; 

ill.                      '  that;  but.    I  I 

onomat.,  -'■'-    Onomatopoetlo 

on    o-in:tt  'o-pn     i.i.     |       ■1',.-m:it",.-|,i  oiat'o- 

,.  'i.    1.  Philol  Th,,  formation  of  » ,,r,l-<  in  Imil  ition 
ii  ir:il  sound 
formed      '!■   An   imitative  word 

,1.  on",t-iiia(  "o-po-r  s|s ; ;    (l|i"(>- 

iii  it  'O-pj  :.      oii",>-iii.iI"o-|io-  I,  .  -l-iil,         on'o-iiiil"- 
o-po-ct  'I,-;. 

iih"iiii-iI;i'«;i.  i  sn"en-da  da'ga,  n.    One  of  ■ 

tribe  of  Iroquois  former!)  ii\  Inn  in  New  ">  ,,rK  ami  t  mtarlo 

on  rush".  >.     i.  ui  onward  rush;  onset.    8.  A  setting  about; 

on  'set",  n      \n  Impetuous  attack;  assault.    Syn.:  *•<•  attack. 
on  'siautiii",  n      \  v  lolent  host  lie  i^mhi 

on  si,:,, 1. 1  nn'sted  [Prov.  Brit.1   A  farmhouse. 

unfan,  dwell,  I  ttead,  place.]   on 's ted}'. 

lint..      *r.     I  mtarlo 

On-ta'rt-o,  l  en-tCn-O:  2  On-tfl'ri-o.  n.  t.  a  lake  between 
New  ^  ork  state  ami  imtario  province,  Canada;  190  by  55 

in.     2.  A  province  in  (ana, la.    407,262  SQ,  In.,    pop,   ■ 

000;  capital.  Toronto. 

on 'to,  i  en'tu;  2  on'tQ,  prep.  Upon  the  top  of;  to  and  upon; 
onto  ted  as  correct  usage  by  many  authorities.] 

mi  'in-,  l  en' to-;  2  Sn'to-.  From  <  ireek  "".  being:  a  com- 
bining form,  on-tog'e-ny,  n  /,-■'  The  tilstorj  ,,r  the 
evolution  or  development  of  th,-  Individual;  germ«hl8tory: 
opposed  to  phytogeny.    |  on^to-re-nel  'ie,  a. 

on"to-Ken'li;.      on-tng'c-ulst,     n.      oli"to-log'l-cal,    -i 

logy;    metaphysical.      on"to-log'lc }.— 

,,n' to-loif 'l-cal-l> .    ,.-,'■       on-tol'o-gy,    n.      PMiOt.      The 

eeof  r,-ai  being;  the  philosophical  theory  of  rcalitj  ;  the 

doctrine  of  the  universal  and  necessary  characteristics  of  all 
,,-.     Compare  in  lAimsies;  philosophy.— on-tol'- 
o-icist,  n. 
o'nus,  i  tVnoB;  2  0'nOs,  a.    A  burden  or  responsibility,   [i-.] 
on 'ward,  1  en'ward;  2  On'ward.    I.  a.    Moving  or  leading 
forward  or  ahead.    II.  adv.    1.  In  the  direction  of  prog- 
.,.    rd     2.  On  in  time,    on 'wards*. 
on'),  l en'i: 2 lon'y, a. & pron.    [Scot,  or  Obs.J    Any. 
on'>\.  ;     -.i       2  8n'yks,  n.    A.  variety  of  quartz  conaiBt- 
. 'f,  r,-nt  colors,  usually  in  even  planes. 
'mux.  nail.) 
o'o-,  o-,  1  o'o-,  o-;  2  o'o-,  0-.    From  Greek  don,  egg:  eom- 
Ijiniric  forms. — o'o-lito,  n.      1.  A  granular  variety  of 
J.    '(  M   The  upper  part  of  the  JuraSBlC  B]  stem  In 

i.tmianri.—  o"o-llt  'le,  «.    Pertaining  to  or  resembling  oolite. 
o-ol'o-gy,  n.    The  branch  of  ornithology  that  treats  of 

O'O-IoglC,  o"o-log'l-eal,  a. 
oo'ioinc.  1  Qlen;  .:  u'long,  r».    a  variety  of  dark  cured  tea. 

00,  black,  +  lung,  dragon.) 
oo'rle,  1  Q'n;  2  U'rl.  n    [Local,  Scot  ]   1.  Shivering;  cold:  de- 
pressed In  spirit.    2.  Bleak;  desolate.    [<  Ice.  Origr,  <  flr, 
rain]    oo'rj  :;  ou'rle;. 
o'o-sphere,  ».   Bat    In  alga  and  fungi,  the  egg«cell  prior  to 
fertilization.     [<  o  o'o-spore,  it.  Bat. 

The  fertilized  and  fully  developed  oosphcre.     [+  BPOBK.] 

oo/e,  i  i  Qj   2  ooi      I.  . '  a  m     [ooz  i    d*;  ooz'nwo.]    To 
oozp,  (  emit   or  discharge  gradually;  leak  out  or  pass 

.  percolate.     |I.  n.     1.  Slimy  rninl,  or  wet,  Spongy 

soil.     "J.  A  gent  1'-  flow.     ;{.  An  infusion  or  decoction  of  a 

■  oak'bark,  used  in  tanning,    (<  AS. 

mud.]— oos'y,  a.     1.  containing  ooze; 

rnlry.     2.  Slowly  leaking;  gently  dripping. 

O.  p.,  ahbr.    Opposite  pron.;  Of  print. — Op.,  abbr. 

Ojnu  II..,  work;.  — op.,  ahbr.     Opposite,  optime  (L. 

o-p:n'i-ty,  1  o-pas'l-ti;  2  o-pae'i-ty,  n.    [-ties2,  pi.]    1. 

•  ate  of  being  opaque;  obscurity.    2.  That  which  is 

opaque.     [  <   L.  opacita(p-)a,   <  opocus,  shady.] 

o'pal,  1  3'palj  2  ij'pal,  n.     A  mineral  of  hydrous  silica, 

and  often  transparent.    The  precious 

opal  presents  a  peculiar  play  of  delicate  colors  and  Is  highly 

esteemed  as  a  gem.    [  <  F.  opale,  <  L.  opalus.  <  Or.  opal- 


l:a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    IO  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sini7;    fhin,   this.  Omnipotence 
5472:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.        opodeldoc 


lion,  opal.J — o'paled,  a.  Rendered  opalescent. — o"paI- 
esce'S  vi.  To  display  opaline  iridescence. — o"pal-es'- 
cence,  n.  An  iridescent  play  of  pearly  colors,  as  in  an  opal. 
— o"pal-es'cent,  a.    o"pal-esque't;  o'pal-!n(e8J. 

o-paque',  1  o-pek';  2  o-pak',  o.  1.  Impervious  to  light; 
not  translucent;  in  a  loose  sense,  imperfectly  trans- 
parent; also,  impervious  to  radiant  heat,  electric  radia- 
tion, etc.  2.  Entom.  &  Bot.  Having  no  luster;  dull.  3. 
Unintelligible;  obscure.  [F.,  <  L.  opacus,  shady.] 
o-pake't.    Syn.:  see  dark,     -ly,  adv.    -ncss,  n. 

ope',  1  op;  2  op,  it.  &  vi.    [Archaic  &  Poetic. 1    To  open. 

o'pen,  1  6'pn;  2  6'pn,  ».  I.  t.  1.  To  set  open  so  as  to 
make  passage  possible;  unclose.  2.  To  unfasten;  un- 
lock. 3.  To  remove  the  covering,  wrapping,  etc.,  of. 
4.  To  spread  out;  expand.  5.  To  free  from  obstacles. 
6.  To  cut  into.  7.  To  make  public  or  free  of  access.  8. 
To  make  accessible,  as  for  commerce.  9.  To  inaugurate; 
speak  or  act  first  in,  as  a  battle  or  a  debate;  start;  begin. 
10.  To  make  capacious;  enlarge.  11.  To  impart  freely 
the  knowledge  of;  reveal;  disclose.  12.  To  make  known 
the  particulars  of;  expound.  13.  To  bring  under  dis- 
cussion. II.  i.  1.  To  become  unfastened  or  unclosed. 
2.  To  burst  and  discharge,  as  old  wounds.  3.  To  crack, 
rupture,  or  yawn.  4.  To  begin;  be  started;  begin  to 
bark  on  finding  scent,  as  hounds.  5.  To  develop  or  to 
become  receptive,  as  a  child's  mind.  6.  To  become  un- 
folded or  more  clearly  visible.  7.  To  be  or  act  as  a  door 
or  opening.    [  <  AS.  openian,  <  open,  open] 

o'pen,  a.  1.  Affording  approach,  view,  passage,  or  ac- 
cess because  of  the  absence  or  removal  of  barriers,  re- 
strictions, etc.;  unenclosed;  unobstructed;  uncovered; 
unsealed;   unfolded;    unbounded;   exposed;   expanded. 

2.  Ready  to  receive  or  be  affected  by  that  which  ap- 
proaches or  is  sent.  (1)  Ready  for  business,  occupation, 
appointment,  etc.  (2)  Not  yet  closed,  settled,  or  decided; 
pending.  (3)  Ready  and  tree  for  engagement,  employment, 
etc.  (4)  Ready  to  consider  proof  or  argument:  unbiased; 
receptive.  (5)  Ready  to  communicate,  impart,  etc.:  not  se- 
cretive or  selfish;  frank;  ingenuous;  generous;  liberal.  (6) 
Liable  or  subject,  as  to  attack,  robbery,  etc. 

3.  Having  openings,  holes,  or  perforations,  as  woven 
goods  or  needlework;  spread  apart;  not  close,  as  the 
lines  of  a  printed  page.  4.  Not  frost»bound;  mild; 
as,  an  open  winter.  5.  Mus.  (1)  Not  stopped  by  the 
finger:  said  of  a  string.  (2)  Having  the  top  uncovered: 
said  of  an  organ*pipe.  6.  Phonol.  (1)  Uttered  with 
vocal  organs  comparatively  unclosed.  (2)  Not  followed 
or  ended  by  a  consonant.  [  <  AS.  open,  akin  to  tjp.] 
Syn.:  see  apparent;  bluff;  candid;  evident;  MANIFEST; 
notorious;  overt. 

— open  door,  the  policy  of  granting  the  same  commercial 
privileges  to  all  nations. — o'pen-er,  n. — o'penseyed",  a. 
Having  the  eyes  open;  wary;  watchful;  amazed. — o.= 
handed,  a.  Giving  freely;  liberal.  Syn.:  see  generous. — 
o.shearted,  a.  Disclosing  the  thoughts  and  intentions 
plainly;  frank;  candid.  Syn.:  see  generous.— o.dieartcd- 
ness,  n. — o.  house,  a  house  in  which  unstinted  hospitality 
Is  extended  to  all  visitors. — o'pen-Iy,  adv. — o.=ni!ndod,  a. 
Free  from  prejudiced  conclusions;  amenable  to  reason;  re- 
ceptive.— o.=mou  thed,  a.  1.  Having  the  mouth  open; 
gaping;  greedy.  '£.  Noisy;  clamorous. — o'pen-ness,  n. — 
o'pen-work",  n.  Any  product  of  art  or  handicraft  con- 
taining numerous  small  openings. 

o'pen,  n.  Any  wide  space  not  enclosed,  obstructed,  .,r 
covered,  as  by  woods,  rocks,  etc.;  open  land  or  water. 

O'pen-iim,  n.     1.  The  act  of  becoming  open  or  o! 
ing  to  be  open.    2.  Something  thai  is  open;  a  vacanl  or 
unobstructed  space.    3.  The-  first  part  or  stage,  as  of  a 
period,  act,  or  process;  a  beginning;  prelude.    4.   \u  op- 
portunity for  action,  especialrj   iii  I'M  Ine        Syn 
ginning;  breach;  entrance;  hole;  opportunity. 

o'pen  =ses"a-mc,  1  5'pn«ses"a-mi;  2  8'pn»8&"a-me,  //.  A 
magical  conjuration  for  opening  ecrei  dooi  and  gain- 
ing an  entrance.  [From  an  incident  in  the  "Arabian 
Nights'  Entertainments"  where  the  door  of  the  robbers' cave 
opened  only  at  the  words  "open  sesame"! 

op'er-a,  1  op'ar-o;  2  Sp'er-a,  n.  The  mo  ioal  form  of 
drama,  composed  of  airs,  recitatives,  choru  e  .  etc., 
with  accompaniment  of  orchi  .  and  acting, 

2.  A  particular  musical  drama.    [It.,  <  L. 
—opera  boufTc,  a  farcical  comic  opera,    [i   :     o.  eomlque 

[F.],  an  opera  In  which  the  dialog  Is    i and  tl 

ends  happily,  -op'er-a »glasg",  n      \  double  telescope  of 

small  size,  with  a  tube  for  each  eye     o.  glas-.es  : .      op"er- 

at'lc,  «.    Pertaining  to  or  of  tic  nature ol  tl pern      <>p"- 

er-at'l-cal-ly,  ml, r. 
op'er-ate,  1  ep'er-St;  2  5p'<  i    11  |-m"i  n1,    - 

1. 1.    1.  To  put  in  action;  run     2.  T oduct  the  affairs 

of.  3.  To  accomplish;  effect  II.,  I.  To  act  continu- 
ously.   2.  To  effect    mj   -     ait.    8.  To  bring  about  a 


(specified)  result.  4.  To  produce  the  proper  or  intended 
effect.  5.  To  evacuate  the  bowels.  6.  To  deal  in  specu- 
lative securities.  7.  Surg.  To  perform  an  operation. 
[<  L.  operants,  pp.,  <  opus,  work.] 
op"er-a'tion,  n.  1.  The  act  of  operating.  8.  A  mode  ,.f 
action.  3.  A  single  act.  4.  A  series  of  acts;  pi 
5.  Surgical  treatment,  as  for  removal  of  a  part .  ti.  Math . 
The  effecting  of  a  change  in  value  or  form. 

Syn.:  action,  agency,  effect,  execution,  force.  Influence, 
performance,  procedure,  result.  Operation  is  action  resulting 
in  change,  whether  produced  by  the  actum  of  up  Intelligent 
agent  or  of  a  material  substance  at  force;  as,  inilnar. 
Hot  ;  the  operation  of  a  medicine.  Performanct  and  execu- 
tion  denote  intelligent  action,  considered  with  reference  to 
the  actor  or  to  thai  which  he  accomplish! 
compllshlng  the  will  of  the  actor,  execution  often  the  will  of 
another;  we  speak  of  the  per/ormanct  of  a  duty,  the  execution 
of  asentence.  Compare  \  p;  exeri  i-i  Ant.:  failure,  inac- 
tion, ineffectiveness,  Inefficiency,  inutility,  powerlessness. 

— op'er-a-tlv(c».  I.  a.  I.  Exerting  power  or  force  S. 
Working  efficiently.  3.  Surij.  Connected  with  operations, 
II.  n.  A  person  employed  as  a  worker  In  a  mill  or  factory, 
op'er-antt  [Archaic].  Syn.:  see  artist.— op'er-a- th  .- 
ly*, adv.— op'er-a"tor,  n.  1.  Onewho  operates;  any  skilled 
worker.  2.  A  broker  who  acts  for  others  in  trading  In  specu- 
lative securities.  :s.  Math.  A  symbol  Indicating  a  mathemat- 
ical process.  Syn.:  see  agent.— op'er-ose"  ,  a.  Laborious, 
o-per'cu-lum,  1  o-pur'klu-lnni;  2  o-per'cu-lum,  n.  |-i.a.  pi.] 
Biol.  A  lid,  cover,  or  lid-like  part  or  organ.  [I..,  lid,  < 
operio,  cover.!— o-per'cu-lar,  a.  Pertaining  to  an  opercu- 
lum.— o-pcr'cu-late,  a.  Having  an  operculum,  o-pcr'- 
eu-lafedt. 
op"e-ret'ta,  1  op'i-ret'a;  2  6p"e-ret'a.  n.     A  short  bun 

opera  with  dialog.    [It.,  dim.  of  opera;  see  opera.) 
O-phe'li-a,  1  o-fi'h-n;  2  o-fe'11-a.  n.     In  Shakespeare's  Hamlet, 
the  heroine,  in  love  with  Hamlet,  whose  feigned  madness 
wrecks  her  reason:  she  is  drowned  while  gathering  Dowers 
opll-,  I  1  of-,  of'i-.  of'i-do-.  of'i-o-;  2  of-.  Ofl-,  of'l-do-, 

oph'l-,         \  of'i-o-.     From  Greek  ophis.  scr|H-nt.   combining 
oph'l-do-,  (  forms.— opll'l-elelde,  n.    \  brass  musical  wind- 
oph'l-o-,      )  Instrument  producing  fundamental  tones  and  re- 
sembling a  cornet,  but  having  a  greater  Dumber  of  linker- 
levers.     [4-   Gr.  lleti   (Lhid-).   kej       o-phld'l-a,  n.   pi. 
Herp.  A  division  of  reptiles;  serpents;  snakes,     o-phld'l- 

an.    I.  a.    Of  or  pertaining  to  serpents.    II.  n.    One  of  the 

Ophidin;    a    serpent    or    snake.      oph"l-oi  o-g) ,    n       The 

branch  of  herpetology  that  treats  of  ser]  ooi  I 

O'plllr,  1  o'f;ir;2  o'flr,  n.   liih.  A  region,  possibly  In  B.  Arabia, 

from  which  Solomon  obtained  gold  and  gems  /  Kings  x,  11. 
opti-thal'mi-a, )  1  ef-fhal'mi-s;  2  Sf-th&l'mi-a,  n.  ln- 
of-tlial'mi-a'',   )  liainniation  of  the  eye,  its  membranes, 

or  its  lids.  [  <  Gr.  opkthalmos,  eye.]  oph-thal'm]    . 

oph-thal'mlc,  a.    Pertaining  to  the  eye  or  to  ophthalmia. 

— oph-thal 'mo-scope,  n.    An  optical  instrument  bavins  a 

concave  mirror  with  a  hole  in  its  center,  for  Illuminating  and 

Viewing  the  center  of  the  eye.     opli-tlial"ino-s<op  1« . 

opli"tlial-inosVn-py,  n. 

o'pi-ate,  1  o'pi-et;  2  o  pi-ai     ■•        Con     bing  of  opium; 

tending  to  induce   lei  p.    II.  n,    1.  Medicine  containing 

opium.    '!.  Something  inducing 
o-pine'  L 1  o-poin';  2  o-ptn',  v,    [o-pinbd';  o-puVino.]    I. 

t.     To  hold  as  an  opinion;  think.     II.  i.     To  conjecture. 

[<  F.opiner,  <  L.  opinor,  think. i 
o-pln'ion,  1  o-pin'yen;  2  o-plnyon,  n      I.    \ 

or  judgment  held  with  confidence,  but  Falling  short  "f 
Lve  knowledge     2-   \   (ettled  judgment  or  conyio- 
lion.    3.  Favorable  judgment  •  •'  estimation;  repul 
|i'  .       i  inor,  think,] 

Syn.:  belief,  com  lotion,  .1 d,  di  termination,  doctrine, 

■  .  ite,  ld<  b    Impn     Ion,   ludi  mi  at    no 
sentiment .  view,     \n  opinion  i  n  hold 

Mi.,  without  'nil  certalntj .  a  ■  >  flxod 

opinion  sustained    by  such  evidence  as  remi  n      ill  doubt 
from  the  believer's  mind;  s  aconfldcnii 

Involving  the  heal  I  the  Intellect      in  roll 

i 

i.  Ml  ..f  ./.'.  [| :  ■ 

doctrines  \   often  called  a  faith;  s    thi    Vngllcnn  or  I.i 

faille      <  .. Miliar.-  in  i  ii  i  .   FAITH;  no  \  •  •  - 1»  I  ■  •  '- 

lon-afed,  ■'     i  nwai  rantably  ami.  In 
Ion.  I  '      o-pln  ho,  a  ii\  • 

I.  ( iplnlonated      '-'.  <  »1  the  nature  ot  opll 

o'pi-iim,  1  8'pi  om;  :.'  6'pl \  milkj  exudation 

from  the  unripi    cap  thi   popi)j .  n 

md  dark'coloi    I 

\       I. .1111.1    III   c.liil 

cine  afl  :,  scdatlvi 

i .   .  ,   urn,       ...  ..'i>i-iim. 

r.-it"iT,  •*    i  m.  addicted  aulant, 

ii.  Joint,  n      \  "  ortof  o 
op"o-del'doc,  i  ep*o  del  di  npboi 

no  ■! '   i  hi.    oapllnlment     tProb   ■    <-r  opos,  )ute<vi 


I        I  .  I  :.flr;  full.  ifl        Int.  bOmf 

.•r<-  .  .  i  u.  ■  ■       •  I  ii         i  i      ...      .11.  in.  wta,         »ls 


op   |..,r-luii. 


,v-(V,. 


II.    HI   . 

I  I. 

II 


1 

mabliv     |  <    ! 

r-l mi.    I\ .  up   p.ir-l im>-  ii.---.     . 

op    iH.r-lu   hi-:. 

in  liy  tlusl  prl 
;...r-(u   ul-m.  ..[i   p..r-lii  'nl-l)  .  h.     [in 

■■I.  happy,  ..r 
ion     iv- 

C£jU>+  in  i!.-  injunction  of  clrrura 

■  ..r  is  nt  for  certain 
Junction  <>f  clrcujp 

which  nukrt  cr:  am  a   ■ 
■uccw.  advantage,  or  (tr.i 

•  tn. -lit ;  a 
mean  roan  can  eat  a  mean  thins, 

•rue  man  ton  .  for  it.    Compare 

aj  ■  aqroM  lor  cat  -t. 
op-rxiM-'.  |  ip-posed';  op- 

i 
2.    I  :.  ..  t  over 

ag*:  •■  [<  F.  opposer,   <  L. 

Ob.  '  r.) 

id  with, 

ict,  op- 
[.■:.•:..  rsatM    withstand      Sec  contend:  CON  nu-T;  DISPUTE; 

tor  ud. — 
"i>-|i"-  .i-i.i  I 

plat.  -  the  thumb  to 

"i>-i i  .  i.         or  placed  In  from  or 

is  In  principle, 
lii  n  .  i  ontbary;  inimical; 
op-p  ■-     Ii  --. 
np-l   i«  'i  r,  up  |i..--lt  .    .   I.  I 

■;.  Having  contrary  ten- 
;  i  similar 

:■."•    '    ■     ■       ■   ;.:-■    i-  i.-.r.-i-s  on  ,i  .i.iii     8vn.: -<i  .  os- 
II 

-l\ .  -lieu,  op "po-.|  'Hon.    . 

I 

i 

■  r  admlnlstral 

thai  iir.-  180 
apof 

•  .p'po-   i'limi-al,  op"|>i>--l '- 

tloii-l-i.  tlon. 

nf>-pr.  -  -  I  .  lianl- 

'.'.    I 

I  .:.      [  <    L.   ' 

op-l  trodden. 

-    " 

'■  I. 

i 

,,[  -  |   r 

' 

Syn  j  see  iij  - 1  ■  .  -n 

•  ,p-pr.  -   -or 

op-pro 'M urn,  :  I. 

.'■ 
I. 

op-pro 'brf-  m 
- 1 
DP-patpn  I.   : 

'.'.  til  with  argument. 

op-pus 'iiud-c>,  op-pug'- 


o  no  ,        op  pui  o  mi .        i  I rui  in  .i  hostile  in. iii- 

Up-PUETJ  rr,  ; 

<  •  i  •  - .  ol  agriculture, 

'.  plrnt)  .  Identified  »  1 1 1 1  the  <  Ircok  llhea 
io.  \    nibatance  thought  to  oxl  •!  In  the 

.■■ of  pathoi 

op-son   I.  . 

•  •  i >  t  i  >piati\  >•.  optical,  opi 

op   l.i-l  h    r   .    1    ,■■                                                  I.  o.     Ezpi 
II.          I                I  he  mode  i>xpn 
Qi  uao,  ■  word  in  thai  do,    |  < 

II  .  I  •  .'..     .   Op    of  OpfO,  «  Isll    i 

op'tlc,  1  op'tik:  L'  l.         I.  Pi  m  lining  to  the  eye 

orvi  .'.  II. 

ihall  §ee  l    optic  ancle.    I.  The  visual  angle, 
..r  angle  formed  at  the  o  I  bj   two  line*  drawn 

from  the  extremities  ol  an  objool  ol  vli  Ion     I,   i  be  angle 
formed  bj  the  vlaual  axes  ol  the  eyes,  varying  with  the  dls- 

■  beheld     <>.  nervei  i '  e  ipeclal 
vision     op'ii-r.ii.         Pertalolng  to  optica  or  to  tl 
sight;  assisting  vision     -i>,  on-tl'clan,  n     One  who 

makes  or  deals  In  optical  k la     np'ilcs,  r»,    Tha  solenoe 

thai  treats  ol  light,  vl  don,  and 

iip'il-iuisiii.  l  ep  U-nusm;  2  op'U-mlBm,  n.     I.  PhUot. 

i     1  'In.  doctrine  that  everj  thing  i-  ordered  for  the  best 

(2    riii-  doctrine  that  the  univi  tantly  tending 

toward  ;i  better  state.     '!.  Disposition  to  look  on  the 

brightest  side  of  things     [<    L.'optimtu,  best.]     op'tl- 

inist,  n.    ,\  believer  In  optimism;  one  who  hopee  for  the 

np"tl-mli'tlr,  a.  op"ll-mls'll-calJ.     op"ll-mls'- 

Jl-r  1 1  - 1  > . 

op'ilnn,  i  .,;.  i.  The  right  of  oh - 

inn;  ohoioe.    'i.  Com.  The  purchased  privilege  of  either 

buying  or  Belling  something  at  a  specified  i .n.-.-  within  a 

apeclni  d  I  mi       I   .        I  i  bolce  i    s.vn.:  see  il 

TnivnivK. — op'tion-  ii.  a     Depending  on  choice;  elective. 

Op'to-phone,  l  ..;.'i. .  fun;  l'  op'to-fBn,  n.     An  Instrument 

for  enabling  blind  persons  to  recognise,  locate,  and  e  I  Imate 

Unlit  by  means  ol  the  ear. 

op'ti-lciit,  1  op'yu-lent;  2  Bp'yu-lfint,  a.     l.  I 

large  wealth,    '■!.  Exuberant;  profuse.    [F.,   <  I.,  opu- 

•    opa,  rtches.]-  op'u-lence,  n.    1.  Wealth;  amu- 

'!.  Luxuriance     op'u-len-cyt.    s.vn.:  Bee  cohfobt. 

o'pus,  l  o'pus;  2  B'pos,  n.    [op'er-a,  pit.]   A  literary  or  musical 

work  or  composition.   Bee  foreign  phrases.   [L.] 

or,  l  or;  g  or,  n.    iLr.    Gold:  represented  In  engraving  by  a 

lurface  powdered  with  dots,    [F.,  <  L.  aurum,  gold.] 

or,  1  or;  2  or,  conj.    I.  Hither;  else;  otherwise  (as  'i  oom- 

■  i,i  i ;  a  disjunctive,  often  with  either  or  whether  as 

a  correlative;  as,  wink  or  swim,     'I.  Also  (by  another 

name  or  word);  alias;  as,  a  violin  or  fiddle.    8.  [Poet.] 

Esther.    [<  Kb  another,  <d, ever,  +  hv&iher, whethei  j 

or»,  adv.,  iiri p  lbs.  or  Scot.]    Before;  ere.    [<  £r, 

before  ;    or  ever,  before  ever;  ere. 

or.        x     A.  termination  used  to  form  (1)  nouns  of  agent;  as. 

competitor;    (2]   comparatives  ol  Latin  origin;  as, 

Junior;  (3)  abstract  and  concrete  nouns  ol  Latin  origin;  as. 

honor,  terror.    [Del.  I  (a)  •    of.  -<>'.  \    -eur,  •     L. -or,  ter- 

,  of  nouns  of  agent ;  (6)   •'  < >!•'.  -■       I 

i      itnr     Del  -       i    -or,  compar  BUfflx.    Del  3 

(  'I '    -or.  V   -<•./,-.   •     I.    -i,r.  -Ot  ] 

or'a-cl ■»■'',  1  or'-.-kl ;  L'  5r'a-el,  n,    1.  The  Beat  of  the  wor- 
ms ancient  divinity,  as  of  Apollo  at   Di  Ipl  t, 
where  prophecies  were  given  out  by  the  priests  in  answer 
to  inquiries     2.   \  prophecy  thus  given     8.  Th 

weregiven    4.  An  infallible  authority: 

.  ironical     •'».   \  wise  jaying.    [F.,  <  I.,  oraculum, 

o-rac'u-lar,  ./     I .  Pei  I  oracle; 

authoritative    2.  Obscure;  enigmatical.    8.  Prophetic.  -ly» 

-n   - 

o-ra'i{lousj,  a.    Stormy.  I  [(■'.] 

o'ral,  l  5'i  il;  2  6'ral,  a.    1.  vords. 

'i.  Pi  rtaining  to  oi  situ  mouth,    [  < 

i  ■•.  i    Syn.:  see  veuual. — o'ral-l>,  adv.    By 

word  of  mouth 
o-ran'.  l  o-rOn';  2  o-rto',  rt.    a  fortified  seaport  In  n.  w. 

i.  In  l  331 ;  pop.  i-'::  086. 
o-rang',  1  0-r  i  An  oran 

or'angef  1  er'inj;  2  Spang.     1.  a.    1.  Pertaining  to  an 
2.  Reddi  b  mellow.    II.'     1.  A  large  roundish 
juicy  lruit,  with   ■  reddish>yellow rind  enclosing  mem- 
brani   .  and  a  refreshing  sweetish  or  subacid 

pulp;  also,  the  tree  Hi  ;  yellow 

color;  ."!  o,  a  pigmi  ut.  of  liiis  color.     [!''.,  ult.,  <  Per. 
O'sage  orange,  a   handsome  spread- 
ing tree,  with  Inedible  fruit  resembling  an  oran-'.-.  exten- 
used  for  hedges.     I  mountains  of  Arkan- 

iiioik'=or"aiiK<-,  a.  The  .,.  rn.ua.  or'anici-;l)lo>"- 
-oni.  /  The  white  blossom  ol  the  orange«tree:  much  worn 
bj   i  cal  ot  purity.— or'ange-ry,  n.     A  place  for 

•■   .  . ,         aora     ■     rove  or  Kgrei  nhou  e. 
Or'ange,  n.     1.  William  of,  Bee  William.    2.  A  river  in 


1:»  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil:    iu  =  feud;    rtlin;    go;    n  =  sin<7;    fhin,    this.   Oporto 
549  2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   bum;   oil,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,  ore 


Orang= 
utan.    '/4 


South  Africa;  length  1,300  m.  to  the  Atlantic  ocean.  3.  A 
former  principality  of  Europe;  became  part  of  France  in  1713. 

Or'angeFree  State.  A  province  of  the  Union  of  South  Africa; 
50,392  sq.  m.;  pop.  528,174;  capital,  Bloemfontein;  a  Boer 
republic  until  1900. 

Or'ange-man,  1  or'inj-man;  2  or'ang-man,  re  1.  Formerly, 
an  adherent  of  William  of  Orange,  as  the  champion  of  Prot- 
estantism. 2.  Now,  a  member  of  a  secret  society  for  the 
purpose  of  upholding  the  Protestant  supremacy  and  suc- 
cession in  England.  Or'ange-istl;  Or'ang-istJ.— Or'~ 
ange-ism,  re.  The  principles  of  the  Orangemen;  Irish 
Protestantism. — Or'ange-ize,  rt.  &  vi. 

0-rang'=u-tan",      )  1  o-ran'ni-tan",  -tan";  2  o-rang^u- 

o-rang'=ou-tang",  )  tan",  -tang",  re.  A  large  red*haired 
anthropoid  ape  of  Bor- 
neo and  Sumatra,  about 
4j  feet  in  height  and 
having  longarms  reach- 
ing totheankle.  [  <  Ma- 
lay orang-utan,  <  orang, 
man.  4-  utan,  woods.] 

oral ..  abbr.    Orator. 

or'a-tor,    1    er'e-tar    or 
-ter;  2  or'a-tor,  n.     1. 
One  who  delivers  an  oration.    2. 
An  eloquent  public  speaker.  [  < 
L.  orator,  <  oratus,  pp.  of  oro,  pray. 

plead.]— o-ra'tion,  n.  1.  An  elaborate  public  speech.  2. 
A  graduation  speech.  Syn.:  see  speech. — or"a-to'ri-an, 
n.  R.C.Ch.  A  priest  belonging  to  an  oratory. — or"a-tor'- 
i-cal,  a.  Pertaining  to  oratory;  displaying  oratory. — or"a- 
tor'1-cal-ly,  adr. — or"a-to'ri-o,  re.  Mus.  A  sacred  com- 
position for  solo  voices,  chorus,  and  orchestra,  usually  seml« 
dramatic— or'a-to-ry,  re.  1.  The  art  of  public  speaking; 
eloquence.  2.  Eloquent  language.  3.  A  place  for  prayer; 
a  private  chapel.  4.  [O-]  Ch.  Hist.  One  of  various  congre- 
gations of  priests  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church.  Syn.: 
see  speech. 

orb,  1  orb;  2  orb.  I.  vt.  1.  To  surround;  encircle.  2.  To 
shape  into  an  orb.  II.  n.  1.  A  rounded  mass;  a  sphere 
or  globe.  2.  A  circle  or  orbit;  anything  circular.  [< 
L.f  orbis,  circle.]— orbed,  pa.  1.  Spherical.  2.  Encircled. 
3.  Having  orbs  or  eyes.    Syn.:  see  round. — or-blc'u-lar,  a. 

1.  Having  the  form  of  an  orb  or  orbit.  2.  Weil  rounded.  3. 
Bot.  Circular,  as  a  leaf  or  petal,    or-blo'u-latei. 

Syn.:  circular,  globular,  spherical,  spheroidal.  See  ROUND. 
— or'blt,  re.  1.  The  path  in  space  along  which  a  heavenly 
body  moves  about  Its  center  of  attraction.  2.  One  of  the 
two  cavities  of  the  skull  containing  the  eye. — or'blt-al,  a. 

or'cbard,  1  er'cfhard;  2  or'chard,  re.  A  collection  of  fruit* 
trees;  also,  the  enclosure  or  ground  containing  them. 
[<  AS.  on-  for  wyrl,  herb,  +  geard,  garden.] 

or'ches-tra,  1  eVkes-tra;  2  or'cSs-tra,  're.  1.  A  band  of 
musicians;  also,  the  instruments  on  which  they  play. 

2.  In  theaters,  the  place  immediately  before  tin 
occupied  by  the  musicians;  sometimes,  by  extension, 
the  part  of  the  lower  floor  near  them.      [  <  Gr.  orchestra, 
<    orcheomai,    dance.] — or'ches-tral,    a.— or"chcs-<ra'- 
tlon,  re.     The  arrangement  of  music  for  an  orchestra. 

or-ehes'trl-on,  1  or-kes'tn-an;  2  6r-ces'tri-on,  n.  A  mechan- 
ical musical  Instrument,  similar  in  action  to  a  barrel  organ, 
designed  to  Imitate  an  orchestra.    [<  ORCHESTRA.] 

or'chil,  1  er'kil;  2  or'cil,  re.  1.  A  purple  or  blue  dye  obtained 
from  archil.    2.  Archil.    [<  OF.  orchd,  archil.) 

Or'chis,  1  eVkis;  2  or'cis,  re.  1.  A  genus  of  terrestrial 
tuber=bearing  plants  having  dense  spikes  of  small  flow- 
ers, frequently  of  remarkable  shape  and  structure  2. 
[o-]  Any  plant  of  the  genus  Orchis;  sometimes,  any 
orchid.  [L] — or'chid,  n.  Any  plant  of  the  orchis 
family. — or"chl-da'ccous,  a. 

Or'eus,  1  or'kus;  2  or'cus,  re.  Rom.  Myth.  1.  Tin1  abode  of  the 
dead.    2.  Hades  or  Pluto,  the  god  of  the  underworld. 

ord.,  ahhr.  Ordained,  order,  ordinance,  ordinary.- ord., 
ordn.,  abbr.    Ordnance. 

or-dain',  1  er-den';  2  dr-dfin',  vt.     1.  To  give  formal 
orders  for.    2.  To  appoint  ami  consecrate;  especially, 
to  invest  with  ministerial  functions     I-    I 
in  order.)    Syn.:  see  install;  institute     or-dain 'er,  n 

or'de-al,  1  eVdi-al;  2  ftr'de-al,  n      I.   \  trying  • 

experience.  2.  A  medieval  form  oi  trial,  as  l>.v  fire,  poi- 
son, or  battle:  an  appeal  to  the  immediate  judgmi  "'  ol 
God.    [<  AS.  ordei]    Syn.:  see  rum  h 

or'der,  1  eVdar;  2  or'der.  I.  vt.  1.  To  give  a  command 
to.  2.  To  give  instructions  for,  8.  To  put  in  ordei  •• 
To  regulate.  r>.  Eccl.  To  ordain,  as  in  Anglican  chui 
II.  re.  1.  Methodical  and  harmonious  arrangement, 
as  of  successive  tilings  ':.  Propel  oi  forking  condi- 
tion; available  state.  8.  \  command  oi  authoritative 
regulation.  4.  Com.  A  commit  ion  or  instruction  to 
supply,  purchase,  or  sell  something.  5.  Estal 
use  or  customary  procedure    ti.  Established  or  exi  rang 


state  of  things.  7.  A  class  or  body  of  persons  united 
by  some  common  bond.  8.  An  honor  or  dignity  con- 
ferred by  a  government  or  sovereign.  9.  Social  rank. 
10.  A  class  or  kind  of  a  common  degree.  11.  pi 
clerical  office.  12.  A  rite  or  sacrament.  13.  Arch.  The 
er  of  a  column  and  its  parts  as  distin- 
guishing a  style  of  architecture;  a  style  of  architecture. 
1  sually  there  are  considered  to  be  five  orders  of  pttwrical 
architecture — Doric,  Ionic,  Corinthian,  Tuscan,  and 
Composite.  See  capital.  14.  A  column  with  its  entab- 
lature. 15.  Zool.  A  group  of  families.  lt>.  />'.  I  \ 
group  between  a  genus  or  tribe  and  a  class.  17.  Math. 
A  number  expressing  the  degree  of  complexity  of  an 
algebraic  expression.    [  <  L.  ordo,  order.] 

Syn.:  (verb)  see  DICTATE;  PBEPABB;  RBQULATE;  (nouD) 
command,  direction,  Injunction,  Instruction,  prohibition,  re- 
quirement. Instruction  implies  more  superiority  of  knowl- 
edge, direction  more  of  authority:  a  teacher  gives  instruc- 
tions to  his  pupils,  an  employer  gives  direction*  to  his 
workmen;  but  the  instructions  of  a  Superior  regarding  action 
are  viewed  as  specific  commands.  Order  Is  more  absolute 
still;  soldiers  and  railroad  employees  nave  simply  to  obey  the 
orders  of  their  superiors,  without  explanation  or  qui 
Command  is  a  loftier  word  less  frequent  In  common  life:  we 

speak  of  the  commands  of  God,  or  sometimes,  by  polite 

hyperbole,  ask  of  a  friend.  "Have  you  any  commands  for 
me?"  A  requirement  is  Imperative,  but  ool  always  formal: 
it  may  be  in  the  nature  of  things;  as,  the  requiri  mt  nil  Of  the 
position.  Prohibition  Is  wholly  negative;  It  is  a  command 
not  to  do;  injunction  is  now  oftenesl  so  used,  especially  as 
the  requirement  by  legal  authority  that  certain  action  be 
suspended  or  refrained  from,  pending  tlnal  legal  decision. 
Compare  array;  class;  command;  disposal;  frami  :  law; 
rule;  sort;  symmliki;  bybtem.     Ant.: allowance, consent, 

leave,  liberty,  license,  permission,  permit,     or'dcr-ly.    1.  a. 

1.  Having  regard  for  arrangement :  methodical;  systematic. 

2.  Peaceful.  3.  Characterized  by  order.  4.  Pertaining  to 
orders.  Syn.:  see  neat.  II.  re.  1.  A  soldier  or  non-com- 
missioned officer,  commonly  a  sergeant,  detailed  to  carry 
orders  for  superior  officers,  'i.  A  hospital  attendant,  ill. 
adv.  According  to  the  rules  of  order;  methodically;  regularl]  : 
properly.— or 'der-ll-ness,  n.    The  quality  of  being  orderly. 

or'di-nal,  1  or'di-iuil;  2  6r'di-nal.    I.  a,    1.  Denoting  posi- 
tion in  an  order  or  succession.    2.  Pertaining  to  an  order, 

as  of  plants.     II.  re.     1.  That  form  of  the  numeral  that 
shows  the  order  in  a  series,  OB  first,  fifth,  etc  :  oj 
to  cardinal    ''.  /.></.  A.  collection  of  orders,  rubric 
[F.,  <  LL.  ordinaUs,  <  I.,  ordo  (or  din-),  order  | 

or'di-nancc,  1  er/di-nsns;2  drMi-nanc,  ft,    1.  An  authori- 
tative rule;  a  law  of  a  municipal  bodj     ''■  / 
ious  rite  or  ceremony,    3.  Arch.  System  of  arrangt 
[OF.,  ■     L.  ordinan(f~)s,  pp.  of  ordlno;  see  OBDADxi]    Syn.: 
see  law;  sacrament. 

or'di-nant,.  1  6r'di-nant:  2  or'di-nant.  o.    Exercising  author- 
ity; ruling.     [<  L.  ordinandi-  IS,  ppr.  ol  OTdino;  see  ORDAIN  ] 

or'di-na-ry,    1    or'di-no-n;   2   or  \li-ufi-rv.      I.    a        I.    Oi 

common  occurrence  oi  u  e  '-.  Methodical;  normal  3. 
Commonplace.  4.  [Vulgar  or  Oba.\  Inferior;  worthless 
D.  ».    I-Kii.s',  /»/  I    1.  That  which]  omon; 

a  table  d'hdte,    '.'■  ( *ne  w  ho  i  sei  i risd 

own  rigid .  3.  //.  r.  A  portion  of  an  escutcheon  bounded 
between  lines,  usually  i  bar  oi  bend     ■*. 

R.  C.  Ch.  The  order  of  the  ma        |       I 

ordin-),  order]     BmJ  866  COMMON;  QKNERAl      iimiii- 

i'ai,;  iiii  i  m,  lii  ordinary.  I.  In  actual  and 
constant  servioe.    ''■■  Ifaut.  <>ut  ol  commission  or  laid  up, 

lip      or'dl-iia-rl-lj ,  adr. 

or'dl-nate,  1  or'dj  b.   I.        I  •  ■ 

ized  bj    '.i    ll 

row  or  rows.    II.  <       I ">i!i   '• 

tance  oi  any  point  from  I 

on  s  line  parallel  to  t  he  axi    of  ordinal    .  dso,  the  Una 

.ii  o umbei  indioat  ing    uch  di  I 

or"(li-iia'llon,   n       I.    II"    "'•    "' ' to  the 

'- 
led      :t.    iiiiii-  mcnl    oi    thi 
,  ;  ral  or  proper  ordei      |l   ,  ull    • 

i 
ord 'nance,  I  erd'nens;  2  ord'nanc,        \  gi 

all  I. mil    oi  weapons  and  theii  in  »•■»  I 

|y,  artillery     [A  foi 
or'don-n  mec,   I  ,.i',lo  DSD  ' 

1 ihe  bi-«t 

efleoi     '-'■  *  i  «  oi  ordin 

Or"clo-ll'el:ill.   I   Bl    do   V\ 

or  perlaliilni-  to  thl  llr-ilo'- 

ri-ani .    Or"do-Tl'clan,  " 

or 'dure,  I  ■  l( '''  • 

ore1,  1  ■■'.  '■'■  "'.  "      ••    \  natural  substance,  nop.. 


I  i  i        0  in.  l>Orn; 

iii  i  


MO 


• 


;nl3lli 


«rln.|- 


\ 

I 

oe'fi    >•  r->  i    .         \\  rougbt  fold 

I .    \ 

'.'.  ■  nl    r.  - 

llg     tile 

I  ..r  periodical  pub- 

i  nation. 
<ir  'k:iii 

or-kl.lll  'lr. 

I 

;.  irbon  as 

i 

or-.:  in    i-.    il 

nr-k-.in  I-.  .ii-i> .  or'B&n-Um,  i 

.■I  animal  i>r  planl     '-'•   I  1 1 

t.    \n>  thlhu  that 

or'gan-lst,  a.     1. 

'.'.  in  [he  middle  ages,  a  ginger 

ihcr  part      ».• 

loft,  ng  an  organ. 

..    i  ■  i  i  •  ■  irgan,  In  which 

pCOdUM  a  tone 

•ch. 
«>r  can- d 

tra:.  ti  hitured.        [<      F. 

9T0ar.  •rt. Ill-ill' 

..r   |  m-i/.-.  [-17.1  u;  -iz'inc;  ] 

I.  •      I .  relation  as  pari 

.'. 

■  -.  committees, 
;.  II.  t.    To  unite 

.  ;   or'g&n-lse 

&D_  or'icaii-l/".i-liH'l-t),    "       or'nan- 

1/     i-i.l  .  .  ..r "m  ni-l-/  i   ii  hi         --I'lion.    •        I 

if  individuals  systematically 

ii  Mrt.u. 
m  *!■■ Il"ll.  or  K.ui-I»"er,  n. 

•  •-.  I  r- .in  Greek  0 

or"gan-og'ra-phy,  n 

olOK)-. 

-.  uf  biology  that  treats  of 

■ri-zln;  2  or'iian-zin,  n.     1.  A  silk  thread 

•  -her;    Ebrown 

junsin,  <  It. 

Immoderate  or  . 

I  <  Gr.  orgrw.  swell,  be  eager.) 

nr'irji .  ..r'zlui',  n.    A 

.  and  almonds. 

Or-cH  ■-'  >■  .  -Iks.  n.  (     -62  B   I 

pposed  Jullu    i 

•  >r  _-i-  -.  ,  ]     1.  Willi  or 

war.-  ;.  nain  ancient 

I 

ur'vi-.i-'iir,  a     Pertaining  to 

e,   marked   to   wild 

< . r ' ic i - •» «  ::  or'glr:.  |or'gll-lous< . 

ar'nli  or'gu-loui  . 

o'rl-ei.  .  window  built  out  from  a 

wali  t,  '.r  like  support:  di-tin- 

i-  in  next  column. 
n'ri-eni.  .  I  id  or  fix 

'i.  To  cause 

3.  I  o  find  '  be  proper  bearings 

li.        l.  [0-] 

III.         I . 

.'. 
irl      P.,  <  L  orten((-)«, 

ppr.  of  'rru/r,  rise  ;    u'ri-en 'tai .    I.        i.   <■     Pertaining 
to  tbe  Orient.    2.  Magnificent;  gorgeous.    3|.  Eastern.    4. 


at  ^  ,ii-/i 

r:..i  ;      0 

or  'k»-iii. 

Oriel 


II.  n     |<  i  ) 

\  v  -Ii  .  Ill  l-cii    l.ll-lsl,  II        (  III, 

il    rl-rn    l.il-l-m.  I         Mi 

■    i.      .,  ii  .i. ,    ..i  "i   profl 
in  i  ■ 

..    I  I    .   ,|     '    I  I  A 

ii  point 

[•To  p  racing 

the   i  ..  ii-eii-i.i  ii „       i. 

i    «ii!i    reference    to    the 

'  dotor- 

mlning  s  bearing      i  Phi  bom- 

Ing  Instinct,  aa  In  pit 

..r   i-ln  .-.  i  \ 

or'l-lis',  i  - 1 1  l  :  1 1 1  opening  into  a  oav- 
iu  apet  ture       | F  ,    <   I 

ii  OU  I  .l.r  1 

IOU 

.ir'i-it. ■  mi  in.',  l  art-flam;  2  6r*l  flam,  n, 

I.  The  early  royal  standard  ol  France, 
•.'.  ii,  t    \  blue  banner   charged   with  three  fleurs-de-lis  of 
gold     I,    \i     royal  dag  <t  glorious  symbol      [F„  -    i.i.. 

i  aurvm,  gold,  t  ftamma,  flame.]  auTi- 
ii.itu  in  • 

orig.i      '      i  irtgln,  original,  originally. 

Orl-gen,  1  or'i-Jen  2  .„■,,,.,.  n  (1827-26171  An  Alexan- 
drian father  of  the  <  Ireelt  <  ihurch, 

or'i-i:lll,  1  i.r'i-jin ;  2  .Vi-idu,  //       I.  The  r. . nun.  i,,-,  in cut 

of  the  existence  of  anything.     '!.  A   primary     ouroe; 
cause     .'i.  I  |  •     I.  '  oi  ioo  (oi  iginr), 

ee   in  ..inmm..  cause;  sodrci 
o-rlgf-nal.     I.  a    1.  Ol  or  belonging  i<>  the  origin  or  be- 
ginning of  a  thing,    '.'■  Immediately  produced  by  one's  own 

mind  and  thought;  DOl  copied  <>r  Imitated.      ;i.    Able  I"  pro- 

duoe  mental  works,  without  copying  or  Imitating,  m  i..  de- 

iifui  Inventions  or  to  form  novel  combinations.    4. 

Having  the  character  of  a  production  c lelved  ..r  com- 

I  for  the  llrsf  lime;  novel.    S.\n.:  see  11   mi  m  n  :  hkst; 

WATTV1    .     I'hlMI   HI        B  Mil'    U         111'.         IMilMII,  II.    n,     1. 

Brsl  form  of  anything,    '£.  The  language  In  which  a 

h  iirst  written     •(•    \  person  ol  unique  character  or 

genius.   4  .(irik'in.  Syn..  see  ideal;  model     o-rig"l-nal'- 

i-().  a.    [-ns8«,  iii  \    1.  The  power  of  originating;  Inven- 

•;.  The  quality  of  being  original  or  novel,    8.  That 

which  Is  original     o-rlg'l-nal-ly,adc.    I.  At  thebeglnnlng. 

'!.  In  a  new  and  Striking  manner,    o-rlg'l-nate,  i.     [-NAT*- 

bd*;  -hat'ino.]    1. 1    To  be  the  producing  cause  of;  create. 

II.  f.     1.  To  arise  fr.iin  some  origin  or  source,      'i   .  'I'.,  de- 
duce.   S.vn.:  PBOPAOATE.-    o-rlg"- 

l-iia 'don,  r,     a  beginning;  origin.— o-rlg'l-na'tor,  n. 

O"rl-no'co,  1  6"rl-ii0'ko;  2  o'ri-no'to,  n.  A  river  In  Vene- 
zuela: 1,660  m.  to  the  Atlantic  ocean, 

o'rl-o|t,  ,i      (  Uriel.    o'r>-;tlt. 

«i'ri-oIe,  1  o'ri-ol;  2  6'ri-dl,  n.  1.  A  b!ack*and«yeUow  liird 
of  the  Old  WorM,  related  to  the  crows,  thai  builds  a 

hanging  nest.   2.  One  of  various  Mack-anil- yellow    \iii.-r- 

birds  building  a  liainrintr  nest.    I  ■'  •  IF.  oriol,  <  L. 

n  ii  n  ol  us;  see  AfHKol.A.l     Baltimore  oriole,  an  American 

so  named  because  the  colors  ol  the  male,  orange  and 

black.  Were  those  of  Lord    Baltimore.       See  HII(I). 

O-ri'on,  1  o-rai'ao;  2  o-rfon,  n.  1.  A  constellation  noted 
for  it^  group  of  three  hri^lit  stars  in  a  line  (the  Sword- 
bell  or  Girdle),  and  for  its  nebula,  visible  to  the  naked 

i.i.atmin.     '£.  (lr.  Myth.  A  hunter  of 

gigantic  size  and  greal   beauty.      [I.  .   <  fir.  Orion.] 

O-rls'ka-ny,  I  o  rls'ks-m;  2  o-rtsTta-ny,  n.  A  village  in  cen- 
tral New  \'ork;  British  defeated  Americans,  Am;   li.  1777. 

or'l-son,  1  or'i-zoii  or  -son;  2  or'i--on  ur  -son,  n.  A  devo- 
tional prayer.    [<   L.»  orafio(n-) :  see  obation.]    Syn.:  see 

PBA1  (Mexico;  IN. :)(!()  ft.  high. 

0"rl-za'ha,  1  o'rl-zo'ba;  2  o'ri-zii'bii,  n.  A  volcano  In  E. 
OrU'nc>  Islands,  1  Srk'ni;  2  6rk'ny.    As  island  group  of  N. 

8cotland:376    i   m  ;pop  26,000 ;  capital,  Kirkwall. 

«)r'le-ans,  1  or'h-an/.  or  (/•'  I  61*18*611';  2  or'l.  -.-ins  ur  (/•'.)  or"- 

i.  "an',  n.    1.  Any  of  several  French  du  lally  d) 

l^iuls   I  I  172    I  107   .  -on  of  <  'liarles  V    and   bead  of  the  first 

issasslnated.  <_'j  l^mls  Philippe  Joseph 
in?   1703),  "Philippe  EgaUte";  guillotined.    (3)  Philippe 

i7"i  .  brother  of  Louis  x  i\ '  :  founder  of  the  present 

Of  Orleans      •£.  A  city  of  V  \V     I  -ranee;  caiilnrcd  by 
the  (  ..  II.  recovered  by  the  French,  Nov.   10, 

taken  by  the  Germans,  Dec.  6,  1870;  pop.  72.000.— 

Or'|c-an-lsm,  r».     Adherence  to  the  Orleans  family.— Or'- 

le-an-|sf,  b,  &  n. 

or'lop,  1  or'lop;  2  or'lop.  n.    Xaul.   Tin   deck  below  the  berth- 

deck  of   a  llne-of-battle  ship.      [  <    I  I    OterlOOpm,  run  over.l 

or'1110-lii,  1  .T'mo-lfK  2  orTno-lij.  n.     Glided  bronze  or  an  al- 

lon  of  it.    (  <  F.  or  mnulu,  ground  gold.] 
Or'muz,  1  or'riinz;  2  or'muz.  n.    I.  An  island  In  the  Persian 
Gulf;  site  of  a  once  populous  city.    2.  Gulf  of  O.,  a  strait 


551 


l:a  =  final;    l=hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cllin;    go;    rj  =  sin<7;    fhin,    this. 
2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this. 


ore 
-ose 


connecting  the  Persian  Gulf  with  the  Arabian  Sea.  Or'- 
mus]. 

Or'muzd,  1  er'muzd;  2  or'muzd,  n.  The  good  principle  in 
the  religious  dualism  of  Zoroastrlanism :  opposed  to  Ahrlman. 

or'na-ment,  1  er'na-ment  or  -mant;  2  or'na-ment.  Id. 
vt.  To  embellish  with  ornaments.  Syn.:  see  adorn;  garnish. 
II.  re.  1.  A  part  or  an  addition  that  contributes  to  the 
beauty  or  elegance  of  a  thing.  1.  Ornamentation  in  the 
abstract,  or  ornaments  collectively.  3.  Any  thing  or 
person  considered  as  a  source  of  honor  or  credit.  4.  A 
mark  of  distinction;  decoration.  5||.  Furniture;  vesture; 
equipment.  [<  F.  omement,  <  L.  ornamcntum,  < 
orno,  adorn.]— or"na-men'tal,  a.  Serving  to  adorn.  -ly, 
adv. — or"na-men-ta'tion,  n.  1.  The  act  of  adorning,  or 
the  state  of  being  adorned.  2.  Ornamental  things  collec- 
tively. 3.  A  form  of  accessory  art  whose  function  it  is  to 
ornament  useful  objects. — or'na-ment"er,  re. 

or-nate',  1  er-net';  2  6r-nat',  a.  Ornamented  to  a  marked 
degree;  artistically  finished.  [<  L.  orno,  adorn.]  -ly, 
adv.   -ness,  re. 

ornith.,  abbr.    Ornithological,  ornithology. 

or'nith-,      )  1  er'mth-,  er'ni-tho-;  2  or'nith-,  or'ni-tho-. 

or'ni-tho-,  j  From  Greek  ornis  (ornith-),  bird: — or"ni- 
thich'nite,  n.  The  fossil  footprint  of  a  bird  or  sup- 
posed bird.  [+  Gr.  ichnos,  track.] — or"ni-thog'ra- 
phy,  n.     The  branch  of  ornithology  that  describes  birds. 

or"ni-thol'o-gy,  1  er"m-thel'o-ji;  2  6r"ni-th5ro-gy,  n. 

I.  The  branch  of  zoology  that  treats  of  birds.  2.  A 
treatise  on  this  subject.  [<  Gr.  ornis  (ornith-),  bird, 
+  -logy.]— or"ni-tho-log'ic  or  -i-cal,  a.  —  or"ni-tho- 
log'i-cal-ly,  adv. — or"nl-thol'o-gist,  n.  One  versed  in  or- 
nithology. 

or"ni-thop'ter,  n.  A  flying  ^machine  sustained  and  propelled 
by  an  upward  and  downward  movement  of  the  wings,  as  in 
the  flight  of  a  bird.  [<  ornitho-  +  Gr.  pteron.  wing.]— 
or"nith-o-rhyn'chus,  n.  [-cm.  pi.]  An  egg-laying  mam- 
mal with  a  duck=like  bill;  a  duckbill.  [+  Gr.  rhynchos,  beak.] 

o-rog'ra-phy,  1  o-rog'ra-fi;  2  o-r6g'ra-fy,  n.  The  branch  of 
physiography  that  treats  of  the  development  and  relations 
of  highlands  and  mountain  ranges.  [<  Gr.  oros,  mountain, 
+  -graphy.)— or"o-graph'ic,  a. 

o'ro-ide,  1  6'ro-cid;  2  o'ro-Id,  n.  An  alloy  of  copper,  zinc,  tin, 
and  other  metals,  having  a  golden  luster.  [  <  F.  or  (see  or, 
n.)  +  Gr.  eidos;  see -oid.]    o're-idej. 

o-rol'o-gy,  1  o-rel'o-ji;  2  o-rol'o-gy,  n.  The  science  of  moun- 
tains. [<  Gr.  oros.  mountain,  + -logy.] — or"o-log'i-eal,  a. 

o"ro-phar 'ynx,  1  o"ro-far'inks:  2  o"ro-far'ynks,  n.  That  part 
of  the  pharynx  behind  the  mouth;  the  pharynx  proper. 

o'ro-tund,  1  6'ro-tund;  2  6'ro-tund.  I.  a.  Full,  clear, 
rounded,  and  resonant:  said  of  the  voice  or  utterance. 

II.  n.  The  quality  of  voice  so  characterized.  o"ro- 
tun'di-tyj.    [  <  L.  os  (or-),  mouth,  +  rotundus,  round.] 

or'plian,  |  1  er'fan;  2  or'fan.     I.  vt.     To  bereave  of  par- 

or'fanp,  ]  ents.  II.  a.  1.  Having  lost  one  or  (more  com- 
monly) both  parents:  said  of  a  child.  *'.  Pertaining  to 
one  so  bereaved.  III.  re.  A  child  deprived  of  its  parents 
by  death.  [  <  Gr.  orphanos,  bereft.] — or'phan-age,  n. 
1.  The  state  of  being  an  orphan.  Z.  An  orphan  asylum. — 
or'pban-hood,  n. 

Or'pheus,  1  or'fius  or  -fi-us;  2  or'fus  or  -fe-tis,  n.  Gr.  Myth. 
A  legendary  Thracian  musician  and  hero;  Inventor  of  the 
lyre;  charmed  wild  beasts  and  moved  trees  by  bis  mil  Ic. 
Compare  Eurydkk.— Or-phe'aii,  <i.  Belonging  or  relating 
to  Orpheus,  famous  for  the  enchantmem  ol  bis  lyri  ;  hence, 
melodious;  enchanting.  Or'plilc,  a.  belonging,  relating, 
or  similar  to  Orpheus  or  his  works. 

or'pl-ment,  1  er'pi-ment  or  -ment:  2  or'pl-ment,  n.  Mim  ral. 
A  sectlle,  flexible,  pearly,  lemon-yellow,  subtransparenl 
arsenic  ttlsulfld,  used  as  a  pigment  and  as  ad  estuS.  [F.,  < 
L.  aitripigmentum,  <  avium,  gold;  and  iee  PIGMENT.] 

or're-ry,  1  or'i-n;  2  or'e-ry,  re.  [-kikh7-,  pi.]  A  philosoph- 
ical apparatus  for  exhibiting  the  relative  notions  and 
positions  of  the  members  ol  the  solar  system,  |  <  tin; 
Earl  of  Orrery.]    cos  'mo-scope  1;  plan"e-la'rl-iuii ; . 

or'rls,  1  or'is;  2  or'is,  re.  Any  one  of  the-  several  species  of 
Iris  having  a  scented  root .     |<  'orr.  of  litis,  3.]    or'rice  | . 

ort,  1  ort;  2  6rt,  n.  A  worthle  leaving:  generally  In  plural, 
oris.    [<  AS.  or-,  out,  +  clan,  eat.] 

Or"te-gal',  1  6r"tc-gfd';  2  or*tfi-8aT,  n.    \  beadland  of  n.  W. 

Spain. 

or'tho-,  orth-,  1  eVtho-,  erfh-;  2  dr'tho    Ortb       From 
Greek  orthos,  straight,  righl  ,din  cl    i  ombining  foi 
or'tho-clasc, «.  Mineral    \  ma    live,  I 
colored  potassium  aluminum sllli 

or'tho-dox,  1  er'fho  del         dr'tho-di  I.  < 

or  sound  in  doctrine;  holding  tie-  oi  pted 

faith;  especially,  in  a  restricted  sen  .  ,   I  rinil  iri  ><>     '■■ 
Approved;  accepted,    :i.  |i  i  |  Pertaining  i"  the  Greek 
Church,      [<    Gr.    orthos,    right,      I     doked,    think.] 
or'tho-dox'My,  adv. or'tho-«lot"y,  ».     I.    Bellel  In  • 
t :i  1,1  !.;i i.-. i  doctrlni  ,    '-'-  igri  ■■< I     <<'• A   '  mdard  I, 


especially  of  faith;  specifically,  acceptance  of  a  Trinitarian 
church  creed. — or"tho-dox'l-eal,  a. 

or'tho-ep"y,  1  er'tho-ep"i  or  er-tho'i-pi;  2  6r'tho-cp"y  or 
6r-tho'e-py,  n.  1.  The  art  of  correct  pronunciation.  2. 
Pronunciation  in  general.  [<  Gr.  orthos,  correct,  + 
epos,  word.] — or"tho-ep'lc,  a.  Pertaining  to  orthoepy, 
or"tho-ep'l-cal$.— or"tlio-ep'l-cai-I>,  adv.— or'tho-t-p"- 
1st,  re.    An  authority  on  pronunciation. 

or-thog'ra-phy,  1  1  or-thog'ro-fi;  2  or-thSg/ra-fy,  re.    1. 

or-thog'ra-fyp,    (A  mode  or  system  xi  spelling, 

cially  of  spelling  correctly  or  according  to  usage,  'i. 
The  science  that  treats  of  letters  and  spelling.  3.  Arch. 
The  art  or  act  of  drawing  in  correct  projection.  I  <  Gr. 
orthos,  straight:  and  see  -graphy.)  — or-t hog 'ra-plur.  •. 
One  versed  in  orthography,  or-thog'ra-phlst  J.-  or"tho- 
graph'lc,  a.  1.  Relating  to  orthography;  also,  correctly 
spelled.  2.  Geom.  Pertaining  to  right  lines  or  armies,  or"- 
tho-graph'l-caU.— or"tlio-graph'l-i'al-ly,  adr. 

or"tho-pe'di-a  or-pae'dl-a,  re.  Med.  The  correcting  or  pre- 
venting of  deformity,  especially  in  infants.  [<  0RTHO-  + 
Gr.  pais  (paid-),  child.]  or'tho-pe"|or  -pa?"]d> ;.—  orw- 
tho-pe'[or  paj'ldlc  or-di-cal,  a.— or-thoph'o-ii)  .  n.  The 
art  of  speaking  correctly.  [+  Gr.  phOni  .  voice  ]  Or-thop'- 
ter-a,  re.  pi.  Enlom.  An  order  of  insects  with  bind  which 
membranous  and  fore  wings  coriaceous  and  generally 
straight,  including  locusts,  crickets,  grasshoppers,  etc.  [  + 
Gr.  pteron,  wing.] — or-thop'ter,  n.— or-lhop'(er-al,  a. — 
or-thop'tcr-an,  a.  &  n. — or-tliop'trr-ou*.  a.  or"(ho- 
rnom'blc,  a.  Pertaining  to  that  crystalline  system  as- 
sumed to  contain  three  unlike  axes  at   right  angles.     [  + 

RHOMBIC]  [L.  OTtUS,  pp.  of  o;i„T,  rise  | 

or'tiv(es,  1  er'tiv;  2  or'tlv,  a.    Rising  or  eastern;  orient.     [  < 

or'to-lan,  1  er'to-lon;  2  or'to-lan.  n.     1.  An  OKI  World 
bunting,  reddish  green  above  with  blackish 
spots,  and  with  a  greenish  gray  head:  highly 
esteemed   as   a   table  deli- 
cacy.     2.  Some  other  bird 
considered  a  delicacy,  as  in 
the  United  States   the  reed- 
blrd  or  bobolink.     [F.,  <   It. 
ortulano,  <  L.  horlulus,  dim. 
of  hortus,  garden.] 

or"vl-e'tan  || ,  1  or"  vi-i't  Bn ;  2  6r*- 
vl-e'tan.  n.  A  supposed  anti- 
dote for  poison.  [<  F.orviitan, 
<  it.  Ortrteto  (city  in  Italy).]  '  "rtolan.     '/• 

Or"vl-c'to,  1  or"vI-C'to;  2  0r*vl-e'tO,  n.  1.  \  cathedral  city 
In  central  Italy;  pop.   18,000.      '.'.  A  white  muscatel  wine. 

-ory,  suflix.  A  suffix  ol  English  nouns  and  adjectives,  ol  Latin 
origin,  signifying,  in  nouns,  place;  as.  dormitory;  in  ad- 
jectives, relating  to  or  like;  as.  amatory.  I  •  L.  -*>rius,  -orta. 
-orium,  adj.  termination;  -orium,  noun  termination.] 

o'ryx,  1  o'nks  or  or'iks:  2  5'ryks  nr  or'yks,  re      [o'Bl  I  I 
1.  An  African  antelope,  as  the  gemsbok,    '.'.  \  weaver«blrd 
(Ploceus  oryx).    |i...  <  Gr.  oryx  (oryg-),  antelope.] 

os',  1  es;  2  6s,  n  [o'ba,  1  O'ra  '  o'ra.  /</.]  A  mouth  or  open- 
ing into  the  interior  of  an  organ,    [I.  I 

OS*,  re.     [OS'S  \.  1  os'.i;  :_'  os'a.  /'/  |     A  hone.     |1,] 

().  s.,  aoor,    Old  Baxon,  Old  school.  Old  Series,  Old  side. 

old  style,  i  »ul  Ide  Sent  inel. 
O-sage'  rlv'er,   1   o    ■  A   river  In   I      B 

length.  BOO  na.  to  the  Missouri  river 
O'sa-ka,  l  0'  W.  n.     A  manufacturing 

(pop.  1,460,218)  Infi  w    Honshu  Island, Japan, 
Os"ce-o'la,  l  es'i-O'la  *,    a  Seminole ohlel  (1804 

1838);  leader  of  the   »  I  )le  «ar. 

os'cll-late,  l  osi  i 

1. 1     To  cause  to  swing  to  and  fro     II.  t     L.Tovibrato 

or  swiiir   baok   and   forth,   as  a  pendulum 

from   one  stale   to  anol  I  I    again,    flui 

waver     i      '    mi  <"".       •■  ■  Mum,  h«  ing  I    -': 

■li   vi  i  .    SB  mm        cis"cM-la  'lion.    II         I  hi 

oscillating      os'cll-I.V'lor,  n      I.  One  who  or  thai   wlilrh 

oscillates.    2.  An]  a  ichlne,  or  part  of  a  machine 

os'cll-la-to-rj  .  a 

os'clne,  1  o'.'m;  g  o  'in     I.  a    <  )t  oi  pi  1 1  ilnlni 
lorder  of  birds  Including  the  thru 

conn    .  p|"    "", 

ring,    os'clntt  os'cl-nlne       u. 

i     .  ,  bird 

os'cl-tan-c)   ,  1  es'i  ten    i  ' 

yawning  oi  gaping     '.'■  i  nu  ual  •'■<■■ 

i     osi  os,  i ith,        i  Ito,  move  quit  l  os  <  i- 

(aiiie|.    os'cl-tant, 
os'cu-late,  I  os'kiu  let;  2  o    cO 

LAT*INO.]       I.   TO  I 

I 

mouth  I    o.".ii-ia'M n      I. 

,,i  between  nnj  glvi  n  mil    ■ 
ourvaturn  at  Mm  poll"  "'  ' 

cu-la-to-ry,        I    I 

n,e  pronui '    ol  ooini  li  ure 

-use. 


Otkkoth  i         ■  f  .-.         I:    |      1  ■  .it.  «r;   full,  id  n         Orn; 

,,lll.  la*»  '  '  111  I  ..       c      ,i-.  « An,  ,-,-,•» 


•  tig  rll> 


ol  Iklit. 
'fulness, 

-    r    \\  111  I  mi 

I    (i    ri-h.i 

I      <>.    DIkm.i 

i  K. mill   Ii. 
1 

'    . 

,,,   mi-urn.  *         i, -white 

..-     Mill. 

1  ■  ilxlns  of  !«"  liquids 

■ 

,,--in,,   -l~    .       ■  •  ~- II l< « t  'l<  . 

..--Ml.. I     I-.  .ll-l)  . 

k-brown,  hawk-like 

i .  A  mountain 

■;  :.    .- :.  u\:.h  ]v:i,>u  was  piled  h>  giants 

ialtU*.    l.Anoaslcle.   B.Cuttlel 

u«  -,-,,u-.     . 
Pertaining  I 

<   L.   osseui, 

o»  Si-,  1  op  -tino* 

(<M.-- 

1 

One  of  various    small 

structures.      ,.-  -I-,  ul.         o---lf'cr- 

ee'sl-frage,  n.    1.  The,. 
lammerge:- 1  '•  *k.] 

ii-  -i  in.  1.  A  hero  and  bard  ol 

legend  oft:  •'■   a  cycle  of  poems  by  James 

ition  from  thi 
■  ■  ggsan,  pul  Uahed  1760  1763. 
oiM-f).  --I.V.  r.     [-kikd;  -iy"in<;]     I.  (. 

II. 
<  L.  os  Jo**-],  bone,   +  -ft.]— 

,,  — -If  i,  .  foi  ..-    -,-li-<  a'tinn.      |        I.     \ 

,;e  of  being  ossified;  also,  an 

1.  Adrian     1611 
:    Isaac     1621-11  I 

km  la:  >:--:  ■  ■  '• '   '  "  ■'*■•■'  of  Adrian. 

-t  and  water, 
In  B<  d  by  <  lermans.Oct.  16.  1914. 

:,  — i,  ii  -i-i,l  ten/si-bl,  a.    Offered 

t, resented;  BO 

l 
exhu 
A  man's  a;  .  wtiat  appear 

• 
or  purpose  is  that  which  is  <u  '   displayed  by 

htm;  the  word  oft* 
only  the  pretended,  a  tptcimu  cov  er  for  a  purpose  or  motive 

Ant.:  ..--i.  n'-l-l.l>, 

- 

i  •  i'Ioii:  portent. 

- 
n-ta  'i Ion,   .  i  n-ta/shon,  n. 

■ 

vaunt. 
i   Is  an  owing   forth   of 

ostentation  of 

■ 
'.er  In  manner 
lent;  as.  n  of  learning. 

and  Is  louder  and  more  vul- 

oslcnialUm  suggests  something  sub- 


Syn.:  boast,  boas 

vaunting 

whatever  Is  tbovuct 
ostentation  may  tx 
wealth  In  fine  resld 
the  like:  when  In 
than  In 
tvsi'tln. 

gar  than  otttniaiur, 
with  little  substau 


nt.intt.ni  t,>  in.  shown     /  material  domonstra- 

Utand  power  as  In  grand  an  r-monlal, 

rich  furnish!  ii  i  iw  of 

,lf   it    la  mm 
•   noble  Miir  of  t >nt t  which  as  MfmfcMfos 

mi,!  vain,     /  i  i  .••..'  and  pageantry  are 
lectacular  i 
Impress  the  public  mind,  and  since  the  multitude  la  largely 
Ignorant  and  thoughtless,  the  wo 

,.f    the    transient    and    unsubstantial 
i  exhibition  n*  , >r  troops  In 

camp  going  through  the  evolutions  thai  art  to  bt 

•  ■  irnestness  and  dlreol  or  im- 
modl  -i  demand;  hence,  In  the  morr  general 

.ii  uncalled  for  exhibition,  and  so 
a  more  disparaging  word  than  I  ntatlon  may 

spring  morel]  from  undue  seir-gratulatlon,  parath  Implies  a 
others  with  a  sense  ol  one's  ablll 

.  and  i  ..in'  iv  bal  contempt- 
ible; a-*,  a  paradt  ..f  wealth  ..r  learnhig.     Pomposity  and 
are  the  affectation  of  pomp.    BeePBIDl,     Ant: 
dlftldenoe,  modesty,  quietness,  reserve,  retirement,  shrink- 
lug.  timidity. 

o-  t,  n-t. i'ii, iii*.        i,  Given  to  display;  pretentious. 
i.  Marked  bj  rain  display;  showy,    -ly,  ads.    -nets,  fl 

os'te-o-t  \  1  esrta-o-,  ate-     Pi Greek 

os'Ic-,       i  .    i    I., .in-:    combining    ■  os"le-«>- 

a*iin  ri  sfi.  ■  Bone-formation;  ossification.  oe"te-os/e- 
ii) :.    oa*te-o-ce-net1ei  a     o-,"tc-og'ra-pii>,  n.    The 

ptlon  «.f  i i       ov"ii-oi 'o-ir> ,  n.    Anal.    The  part 

of  anatomical  science  that  treats  of  the  bones  of  the  skeleton 

and  the  properties  of  the  osseous  tissue.    os"te-ol'o-sist, 

.,-  i, -u-ii.iih.  os"te-op'a-thlst(  n.     One  whoprao- 

pathy.    og'te-o-pathlCf  n.     <>f  or  pertaining 

o-"(i-o|i '.i- 1 ii> ,   n.     The   treatment   of 

e  without  drugs  or  knife,  as  bj  the  manipulation  of 

cartilage,  ligament,  or  muscle. 

Os'ti-a,  1  i.s'n-,,;  :_■  ,.s'ii-a.  n.    An  anclenl  city  and  port  of 

Rome  at  tin-  mouth  or  the  Tlhcr. 

os'tter.n.   Same  as  hostler,    os'tler-yt,  n.   A  hostelry. 

OS- to 'sis,  1  ea-tO'BU;  2  os-tO'sls,  n.    Osslllcatlon.    [i...  <  Gr. 
hone.] 

iiN-!r;v'cc-aii.  1  os-trCst-en;  2  os-trft'oe-aa,  n.  A  bi- 
valve;  oyster. — os-tra'ce-an,  a.    os-lra'ceoust. 

os'tra-clse  or -else,  les'tre-eais;2  os'tra-cto,  vt.  \-<  a\  d; 
-ciz"in..  ]  To  aubjeol  t<.  ostracism.  [<  Gr.  ostrakizo, 
<  offracon,  Bhell,  votlngnablet.]  Syn.:  see  bamibh.  o«'- 
bra-clsm,  ti.  1.  Exclusion  from  Intercourse  or  favor,  as  In 
politics,  etc     '-'•  Or.  Antiq.     Banishment  by  popular  vote. 

os'trit-li,  1  es/tn<5b.;  *;  Ss'trich,  n.     1.  A  large,  two-toed 
bird  of  Africa  and  Arabia.     It  has  aborted  wings 
and  long,  powerful  legs,  giving  it  great  speed.    The 
plumage  ol  the  male  la  black,  with  white  plumes  at 
the  end  Of    the  nines  and   tail,   much  esteemed  for 
ornamental  purpi 
Z.A  rhea.  Anit-rlfan  ostrlrhj. 
[  <  Gr.uo,s/r..iiUiwi,  ostrich.] 

Os'trO-gOth,    1  os'tro-k-oth 

h,  n.  a  member  of  the  IS. 
branch  ol  the  <  ioths,  which  estab- 
Ushed  a  kingdom  In  Italy  (493- 

Bee  Visiooth. 
Os-we'go,  l  ee-wi'go;  2os-v., 
A  city  In  N.  central  New  York;  a 
port  of  entry;  pop.  2:1.000. 

o.  T.,  nh'ir.   t  ii,]  Testament. 
O-tal'gi-a,  1  o-tal'Ji-o;    2  o-tal'gl-a, 

n.    Neuralgia  ol  the  ear;  earache. 

[<  Gr.  Otalgia,  <  ous  (.01-).  ear.  \- 

algos.pa.ia.]     o-tal'gyj.- o-tal'- 

glr,  o. 
O-lbellO,  1  o-thel'o;    2  o-thel'o,  n. 

In  Shakespeare's  tragedy  of  this  name,  a  Moor  of  Venice, 

who  kills  his  wife.   Deademona,  In  a  jculous  rage  Inspired 

by  the  treachery  of  Ia«o. 
Oth'er,  1  trth'er;  2  6tfa'er.    I.  a.    1.  Different  from  the 
pecified;  nol  the  same.    'I.  Being  over  and  above; 

additional    8.  Becond:  noting  the  remaining  one  ol  two 
in  or  things.    Specifically:  (1)  I  Ipposite;  contrary; 

as,  theoCAerside.     (2)  Alternate,    a.pron.  1.  A  different 

person  or  thing.     2.  The  second  of  two;  the  opposite 

one.     HI.  adv.    otherwise.    [<  AS.  dfAer,  other.]— 

the  other  day.  a  day  not  long  ago;  recently. -  oth'er- 
uhcrc",  ado.  In  some  other  place;  elsewhere.— oth  er- 
Hhlle"  ,  ,;,'.  At  some  other  time;  sometimes,  otll'er- 
whites";.  oth'er-wlse".  I.  a.  Different.  II.  adr.  1. 
In  a  different  manner  or  by  other  means.  2.  In  other  re 
spects.  III.  con).  Bui  for  the  cause  named;  else,  oth  er- 
pttesl  otb'er-gneMf  [Scot.]. 

Oth 'man,  1  Ofh'mon:  2  6th'miin.  n.  The  name  of  several 
rulers  of  Turkey  or  Moslem  califs;  especially  O.  I.  (1259- 
i:<2fi).  who  founded  tbe  Ottoman  empire. 

O'tho,  1  o'lho;  2  O'tho,  n.    1.  Marcus  Salvlus  (32-69),  em- 


Ostrlch 


___       i:a=lrfin?,;    •  =hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    fibrin;    go;    n  =  smg;    fhin,    this.      Oshkosh 
5a*       2:  wolf,  d$»;  book,   boot;   full,   r||le,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.      outclass 


peror  of  Rome.     2.  One  of  several  emperors  of  Germany, 
especially:  O.  I.  (912-973),  "the  Great;"  pacified  Italy. 

o'tic,  1  6'tik  or  et'ik;  2  o'tic  or  ot'le.  a.  Pertaining  to  or  situ- 
ated near  the  ear.    [  <  Gr.  Otikos,  <  ous  (Ot-),  ear.] 

O'tl-ose,  1  6'sni-os;  2  o'shi-os,  a.  Being  at  rest  or  ease;  having 
nothing  to  do;  hence,  characterized  by  Indolence  or  easy 
negligence.  [<  L.  otiosus,  <  olium,  leisure.) — o"tl-os'- 
l-ty,  n. 

O'tls,  1  o'tis;  2  o'tis,  James  (1725-1783).  An  American 
patriot  and  orator. 

o-tol'o-gy,  1  o-tel'c-Ji;  2  o-tol'o-gy,  n.  The  science  of  the 
ear  and  its  diseases.  [<  Gr.  ous  (dt-),  ear.] — o"to-log'i- 
cal,  a.—  o-tol'o-gist,  n. 

O-tran'to,  1  o-trfln'to;  2  o-tran'to,  n.  1.  A  seaport  town  of 
S.  E.  Italy;  pop.  2.400;  sacked  by  the  Turks  in  1480.  2. 
Strait  of  O.,  a  strait  between  the  Adriatic  and  Mediter- 
ranean seas,  40  m.  wide. 

ot'tar,  ot'to,  n.    Same  as  attar. 

Ot'ta-wa,  1  et'a-wa;  2  6t'a-wa,  n.  1.  A  city  In  Ontario  prov- 
ince, capital  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada:  pop.  87,000.  2. 
A  river  in  eastern  Canada;  600  m.  to  St.  Lawrence  river. 

Ot'ta-was,  1  et'a-waz:  2  dt'a-was,  n.  pi.  A  tribe  of  North* 
American  Indians  of  the  Algonkian  stock. 

ot'ter,  1  et'ar;  2  ot'er,  n.  1.  A  weasel«like,  web=footed 
carnivore,  inhabiting  streams  and  lakes,  and  feeding 
upon  fish;  the  common  otter  is  about  two  feet  long,  ex- 
clusive of  the  tail,  and  furnishes  a  valuable  dark=brown 
fur.  2.  A  marine  carnivore  of  the  North  Pacific,  with 
an  otter=like  form,  hind  feet  enlarged  and  webbed,  and 
blunt  molars;  it  feeds  principally  on  shellfish,  sea's 
ot'terj.    [  <  AS.  o'er,  otter.] 

Ot'ter-burn,  1  et'ar-burn;  2  6t'er-burn,  n.  A  village  in 
Northumberland,  England:  here  the  English  were  defeated 
by  the  Scotch,  Aug.  10,  1388.    See  Chevy  Chase. 

Ot'to-man,  1  et'o-men;  2  ot'o-man.  I.  a.  Pertaining 
to  the  Turks.  II.  n.  1.  A  Turk.  Ot'to-niitef.  2- 
[o-]  A  low  cushioned  seat  without  back.  3.  [o-]  A  ear- 
pet=covered  foot=rest.    [  <  Turk.F  'Othman,  Osman  I.] 

Ot'way,  1  et'we;  2  6t'wa,  Thomas  (1651-1685).  An  English 
tragic  dramatist:  Venice  Preserved. 

Ouach'l-ta,  1  wesli'i-te;  2  wach'i-ta,  n.  A  river  In  W.  Ar- 
kansas; length,  545  m.  to  the  Red  River. 

ou"bli-ette',  1  u"bh-et';  2  u"bli-et',  n.    A  medieval  dungeon 
with  an  entrance  only  through  the  top. 
[F.,  <  ouhlier,  forget.] 

oucb,  1  audi;  2  ouch,  n.  1.  The  setting 
of  a  jewel.  2.  An  ornament  of  gold. 
[<  a  nouch,  misdivided  as  an  ouch. 
Nouch,  <  OF.  nouche,  <  OIIG.  nuscja. 
brooch.] 

ouch,  interj.  An  exclamation  indicating 
a  slight  pain. 

Ou"de-nar'de,  1  u"d3-nar'da;  2  u"de- 
niir'dc,  n.  A  town  in  S.  W.  Belgium; 
here  Marlborough  defeated  the  French, 
July  11,  1708;  pop.  6,200. 

Oii.'lh,  1  aud;  2  oud,  n.  A  division  of 
British  India;  23,960  sq.  m.;  pop.  12,- 
558,000;  part  of  United  Provinces  of 
Agra  and  Oudh;  capital,  Lucknow. 

Ou"dl"not\  1  u"di"no';  2  u"di"no'. 
Charles  Nicolas  (1767-1847).  Duke 
of  Regglo;  a  French  marshal;  Invaded 
Spain. 

ought,  1  St;  2  6t,  v.    1.  To  be  under 

moral  obligation  to  be  or  do.     2.  To  Oubliette 

be  fitting  or  imperative.    3.  To  be     ■•.  raBtUatin  i 
required  by  necessity.    [<  AS.  dhte,  d"w*">;  «.  ■•"" 

^.  r    _     •*  ,    J  l  DCol    tin-    i-1ilriirK'f    to 

pret.  of  at/an,  owe.] 

Syn.:  should.     One  ought  to  do  that  pnpvi  <    ■■"    »   into,,,-, 
which  he  Is  under  moral  obligation  or  ''•  ■»"    " 

in  duty  bound  to  do.       Ought  la  1  Ik--''  ' '  "'  ' " 

stronger  word,  holding  most  closely  to  tin-  sense  of  moral 
obligation,  or  sometimes  or  imperative  logical  necessity; 
should  may  have  the  sense  of  moral  obligation  or  may  apply 
merely  to  propriety  or  expediency,  as  in  the  proverb,  "The 
liar  should  have  a  good  memory,"  (.  »■ .  in-  win  need  u 
Ought  Is  sometimes  used  of  abstraction  i  or  Inanimate  things 
as  Indicating  what  tne  mind  deems  to  !»■  Imperative  or  logi- 
cally necessary  in  view  of  all  the  conditions;  an.  in. 
ought  to  go  into  that  space;  these  arguments  <m<iiii  to  con 
vlnce  him:  should  in  such  connections  would  in-  correct,  but 
less  emphatic.    Compare  duty 
ought1,  n.  A:  adv.    Aught;  anything. 

ought2,  n.     A  cipher;  naught . 

Oui'da,  1  W('da;2  wl'da,  n.     Pen-name  of  Louise  de  Is  RamAe 

ounce1,  1  onus;  2  ounc,  «-     1-  A  unil  of  weight;  '   n  ol  :, 

pound  avoirdupois,    SeeWEiom      2.  Oni     ixtoenth  of 

a  pint.     3.  Formerly,  in  California,  a  Spanish   double 
doubloon,  worth  Si  0.    [<L  TU7lda,  twelfth  part] 
ounce2,  n.     I.  A  feline  carnivorous  mammal  of  central 

Asia  having  long  fur  aud  a  long  thick  tail.     '£. 


similar  American  cat,  as  the  jaguar.    [  <  F.  once,  prob. 

<  Per.  yuz,  panther,  lynx.] 
ouphe||,l  uf:2uf.  n.    A  goblin  or  fairy;  elf.    oupli;. 
our,  1  aur;  2  our,  poss.  pron.     Pertaining  to  us:  ">,rs  when 

not  followed  by  a  noun.     [  <  AS.  fir. ,  <  ur, ,  of  us,  akin 

to  us.  us.)— our-self,  pron.    Myself:  only  in  formal  or  regal 

style  — our-selves',  pron.  pi.    We  or  us. 
-our,  suffix.    Same  as  -ok. 

ou-rang',  1  u-rarj':  2  u-rang',  n.    The  orang-utan. 
ou-ra'rl,  1  Q-rfl'n;  2  u-ra'rl,  ".  [S.  Am]  Same  as  CT7KABB. 
ou'rle,  a.    [Scot.]    SameasooRiE. 
-ous,  suffix.    Csed:  (ii  To  denote  possession  or  presence  of  a 

quality  in  any  degree.  (2>  Chun.  To  denote  a  compound  in 
which  the  element  to  which  it  Is  affixed  has  a  less  valence 
than  in  compounds  whose  names  end  In  -ic.  [<  OF.  -ous. 
F.-eux,  <  L.  -osus;  or  directly  <  L. -us.] 

ou'scl,  n.    Same  as  OUZEL. 

OUStd,  1  oust;  2  oust,  it.  To  turn  out  from  possession  or 
occupancy;  eject.  [<  OF.  ouster,  F.  ../.  r,  draw.] 
Syn.:  see  banish.— oust'er,  n.  The  act  of  putting  one  out 
of  possession  or  occupancy;  dispose 

outd,  1  out;  2  out,  r.  I.  t.  To  deprive  of  anything  by  ex- 
pulsion; drive  out ;  expel.  II.  ,'.  To  come  or  go  out ;  be 
removed;  be  disclosed.     [  <  AS.  utian,  <  tit,  out.] 

out,  n.  1.  An  outer  nook  or  corner;  an  outside 
also,  an  outer  aspect  of  a  matter.  2.  A  person  >■ 
out;  specifically,  in  the  plural,  the  party  not  in  power; 
the  opposition.  3.  In  printing,  etc.,  any  matter  m  the 
copy  omitted  from  the  composed  type  4.  In  some 
games,  as  baseball,  (lie  result  of  a  play  in  winch  a  player 
is  put  out.    5.  An  outing;  a  holiday. 

out,  adv.  1.  In  a  condition  of  issuance,  as  from  a  place, 
state,  or  relation.  2.  In  a  condition  as  of  having  issued; 
forth  or  away;  outward  bound,  a-  a  ship;  in  active  ser- 
vice, as  soldiers;  fr one's  own  possession  or  control  to 

that  of  others;  as,  to  let  out:  in  a  state  of  existence 
velopment.    3.  Not  in  harmony,  fashion,  or  practise; 

not  in  play;  not  in  tin-  right;  in  error;  not  concealed; 
public;  in  a  condition  of  having  lost,  failed,  or  become 
useless  or  powerless;  at  a  loss  (of  80 much).  4.  In  a  free, 
open,  unreserved  way  or  manner;  Completely;  thor- 
oughly. 5.  So  as  to  rid  of  something  obstructing 
cumbering.  6.  To  a  conclusion  or  end;  to  success;  to  the 
uttermost;  to  exhaustion  or  extinction.  [Parti]  •  \- 
at,  out,  and  partly  <  titan,  flte,  <  fit.  out] 

In  numerous  self-explaining  compound  verbs  nut  adds  the 
sense  of  surpassing  or  exceeding,  usually  meaning  "more 
than,"  "beyond."  "In  excess";  as: 

out-act'  out-flash'  oiit-num'bcr      out -stay' 

out-bal'ance     out-fly*  out-play'  near' 

out-bid'  OUt-frown'  out-rank'  out-talk' 

out-blaze'  out-gaze'  OUt-rt'val  out-vie' 

out-brag'  out-gen'er-al         out-run'  out-vote* 

out-brave'        out-jest'  out-sail'  out  walk* 

out-burn'  out-jock'cy  out-scorn'  out  watch' 

out-cllmb'        out-last'  out-sell'  out-wear' 

out-dare'  out-learn'  OUt  Shine'  out  weep1 

nut-dis'tanco     ouCnia-neu'ver     out-sll'  OUt-WOlgh' 

out-face'           out-march'           outrepeak'        out-work* 
out-flank'         out-tnea'sur i 

— out'sand=ou(".      [Colloq.]      I-    a       Thorough) 
unqualified;  genuine     II.  ad       i  nquallfledly;  genulnol) 

on i  of.     I.  From  or  beyond  the  inside  of.     •.  Beyond 

the  limits,  reach,  scope,  or  proper  DOI  ItlOH  of.  no!   In  or  Hi 

eluded  in.  as,  out  "i   light     3.  w  Ithout  breath 

—out  of  sorts,     i.  indisposed  or  un 

or  unhappy-  out  there  |l<eeent|.  on  the  l.aille-front  or 
Ilrlng-line 

out,  prep      I.  [Colloq    or  Obs.l     From  the  Insldi   of;  forih 

from;  as.  throw  II  OUt  I  lie  Window 

sideof;  without.    St.  Beyond  [upon; 

out,  interj    Oo  outl  awayl  begonel    "i upon, 

oufboard",  1  QUt'bord*:  2  oufbord"     '•  i         8lt 

uated  on  il ul  dde  oi  a  voi  tel.    II-  odi      \»  i 

the  center, 
out  'bound",  I  inn 'bun  mi";  :•  ..ui 'bound- .  ■*    Outward  bound 
niifhrcak',  1  out 

out  'break",  1  aufbrek";  2  out 

v  Lolei  '  ; 

..I    pi 1    ol   dises 

people  at  oni  ■  ■  •> '  '  ' 

out  Imlhl'lim.  n      \   imalli  1  buildir, 

main  build 
out  'burst",  l  au< 

iolOQt  mani      I 

It'rast",  1  nutf]    I  I 

wort  "  One  v 

bome  or  count  1 
out-<lass'  ,  I  nut 

ml' 


out 


mi  uninr 
, '*  i  r it. > >\ 


g«t,  prt]         I  I  "      rtt]       '  i>'.  1-Orn; 

I  i     i        i  I      .',  aft,  1161.  Or.  wdn,      664 


••in  d. 


"Ul-lm  II 
•  •in   •  r. 


•  Hit    tli  I.I 


I 


I 

I      111     |WT- 
I 

litution* 
I 
11.  .mi    ..1  doors" 

1 . 

•  "T  from  tome- 
•  mi  er-mosf, 

I .  'i-upy 

pied  by  thorn. 

a  ithout 

tiering  region 

■  ■hi    li.  Id'  •  r. 

•  Mil     III.  1.     ',    ■  '.'.    J 

•  '111    Ii  :     I  •  r  .  .  -    fur    :i 

•  •in  Ion   .  ;  :•  which  flows 

>ut. 

out-.;..  .                                           I  I.              farther 

th.i:  t ward      :t.   I 

II.  ui :  •  -.  -1  ..r  outlay. 

•  •Ill      fO      I  T 1  .T  . 

"iu-;rim',  l  aut-grt';  2  out-h  I.    I 

y   In. 111.   M  an   in- 
mit  'gTOWtb*,    '  I  'I.  it    which 

grows  out  of  something  else,  as  an  excrescence.     Si 

[or  post. 
out'euard".  1  aut'g  trd*.  n.    An  outlying  guard 

•  >ut'  Ber'od*,  -  it*»ber'odf  n.     To  outdo, 

Old  nilr- 

-  'in-. 

..in  bouse  .  I  outbuilding. 

nut  1ng,  .  holiday  excursion. 

uiii-l.iiul  Isb,   .  '..  '!.     1.  ( if 

'.'.  Situated  in 
:t  .    Not    native,     out- 
Un.l 

on t laud  U I ,  n.    A  foreigner. — 
out-Ian. 1  lsb-ly,  011  i-l.iml  I-I1-1, 

out  Ian",  1    .  il  .  I.  1.  To  put 

.'.  prive  ..f  legal  force. 

II.         1 .  1     'i.  1  >n.-  who  habitually 

bresA  out    Ian  "r\  . 

out 'la>  ".  it1&",  n.     A  laying  out  or  <li  — 

;.at  which  Is  disbursed.    Syn.:  see  ex- 

\  leaping  outward:  a  sally, 
out  'lit   .  .  passage  ..r  • 

..ui  lin.    .  b*.     I.  rt.     T..  draw  Hu- 

ll. I .  bowing  the 

:.  The  bordering  line 
thar  ,  a  sketch  m 

«UCh  KIT.    I! 

nut-lh  •  ■•  .  .  I.  To  live  be- 

■;.   i 

llllt     look   ".  I. 

:i.  I. 

.">.  ■  >  iin-l. 

out  '!>  "i  nir.  :  1 .  Situated  apart 

I  •  riii-ic 
0111  'l>  "it.         itside 

out-man',  I.   To  outnumber  In 

ng. 
out  'inn-  I  . 

out  in--.  1.  quality  or  condition 

quality  of  Ijclng  In- 

OK. 

out    ..f  ihciw.i)".  1.  dtuated;  difficult 

2.  Different  froi  1.111..11; 

:  the  common  ran;- 

1  or  word-   In  mil   given 


...11    |.ir    Mi.  \  1I1  lltu- 

l  Cltj    pal  bill 
on  1  |.  ir  1    .  in  outeror  rem,.  . 

..in    port",  1  QUI  port*;  L'  out  port*,  'i       I.  A  |H,rt  far  fioin  tin. 

'  .  \|H.rt 
out    DOS  I     .  A  .1.  In. Inn.  at  of 

.  .in  .1  ui  ii  distance  from  the  main  bodj  :\<  ■ 

.  i  hem. 

oill-l r   .  I.  A  I  ,,  |„.,ir 

.  i .  flow  Free- 
l\      II.  outflow;  out pouri  1         mil  pmir'Vr, 

.-ui  1 ...  1 1  r  1  ti v-  Ion    affusion. 

out 'put",  1  aut'put";  2  out'pul  .        I.  Thi  quantity  put 
ir  produced  m  a  specified  time    Bra    •eopaootji  1 

1  hat  which  is  excreted  from  the  bodj  by  the 
-km.  or  kidi 
mil  'rage,  I  I.  vt.    [001  'h  iobd;  01  1  - 

n \ . .  is..)     I.  To  roiiuMii    outrage  upon   or  violence 

ost;  wrong  or  abuse  atrociously;  rape,    '.'■  I 
violate  the  rights  IL  booking  vio- 

lence ..r  cruelty;  h  it.,,,  infringement  of  morality  or 
decern  I        1    ultra,  beyond  1   Syn.: 

(verb)  seevioi  mi;  (noun)  abuse,  affront,  indecency,  lndlgi 
nii.v.  injury,  insiiii.  offense,  violence  omblnes 

Intuit  and  injury.  Bee  injury;  orraNSn:  yiounci  Com- 
pare i]  Donyma  for  \>  1  bom  1  nut-r.i  'geons,  a  I.  Of  the 
nature  of  an  outrage;  atrocious.    '-J.  H  .'imrity 

■  ,.  .      Jf,  1  weeding  bounds.     Syn.:  see  n  •■ 

[NTAIIOUB;    MHi.hvr.        ollt-ra 'gcotis-ly,  adv.-    nut-ra'- 
iti-nii  —  nrs*,  n. 
iiir'trancr',  1  Q'trtuVs'; 2 U'trinc',  n.    Tin- 111  most  extremity • 

the  biw  ■  1 '  id      1  1     tltra,  beyond.] 

ou'tn- ',  i    •  ■  from  conventional 

1   ,      1    ultra,  bej  ond  1 

mil-ri'iii-h",  1  out-rich'; 2  out-rech',  1  I.  I  I.  To  reach 
1  beyond  '!  .  To  overreach [cheat  II. 1  Toreaoh 
out;  extend  out  'reach",  n.  The  act  of  reaching  outt 
extent  ..r  reaching  out, 

oii"trc-<-ul"daiife't,  1  Q'tr-kwlMans';  2  u"ir-c«i",l.-ui..', 
n.  Exceesive  pride  or  arrogance.  |F.,  <  L.  ultra,  be. 
yond,  1 1  1 1 1- 

ou"tre-miT',  1  D'tr-mar';  2  u'tr-mer*,  ».  1.  The  region  be 
yond  tin-  sea.    '-it.  Ultramarine  blue,    [  I- ..  ri.THA.vnniNK] 

out 'rick",  1  aut'rlk";2  out'rlk",  n.  [Eng.]  A  rli-k  standing  lr 
the  open. 

out-ride',  l  aut-raid';  2  ..ut-rid',  r.  I.  t.  To  ride  faster 
than.  II.  i.  l.  To  ride  abroad.  ''.  To  ride  beside  a 
carrii  endant.— out'rid"er, n.    I. Amount- 

ed servant  who  rldea  In  advance  of  a  carriage.  'i+.  I  Ine  »  ho 
rides  out,  as  for  pleasure,  8t-  A  bailiff  employed  to  sum- 
mon men  to  court.    4t.  a  highwayman. 

out'rlde"t,  r».  1.  The  act  of  riding  out;  an  excursion;  a 
place  for  riding,    'i-  An  expedition;  foray. 

out'rlK"Kcr,  1  aut'rig"ar;  2  out'rig"er,  n.  A  part  built 
out;  specifically:  (1)  A  bracket  for  projecting  a  rowlock. 
j  A  projecting  contrivance  for  balancing  a  canoe.  (3) 
A.  spar  for  extending  a  sail. 

out 'rlnlit",  1  aut'ruit";  2  nut'rlt".     I.  a.     Free  from  rc- 

or  restraint.    II.  adv.    1.  Without  reservation  or 

limitation,     'i.  Without  delay.  [sentry;  picket. 

out  'sentry,  1  rxut'sen'tn;  2  out'sBn'try,  n.    Mil.   An  outer 

out'set",  1  out 'set*;  2  out'.-r-t",  n.  A  first  entrance  on 
any  business,  journey,  or  the  hk.-;  a  setting  out.  out'- 
geftlng}.   s.vn.:  see  BBonnaNO. 

mil 'side",  ]  aut'said";  :.'  out'eld*.  I.  ./.  I.  Pertaining 
to  the  outside;  1  ■  ineous.    ''•  Reaching  the 

limit.    ,i.  Foreign.     II.  n.     1.  The  external  part  of  a 

tiling;  the  side  or  part  that  forms  or  adjoins  the  sur- 
face, 'i.  Hence,  the  part  thai  is  Been;  superficial  ap- 
pearanoe.  3.  The  space  beyond  a  bounding  line  or  sur- 
face; out.-r  region.  4.  The  utmost  limit;  the  extreme. 
5.  [Colloq  j  passenger.      III.  adv.  Without. 

IV.  pr<  /.  1  in  <.r  to  the  exterior  ..I";  beyond  the  limit  of. 
— out'Sld'er,  n.    one  who  Is  outside;  an  Intruder. 

out  'skirt",  1  mit'-kurt";  2  out'sklrt",  n.  A  place  on  the 
skirts  or  border;  outer  verge:  generally  in  the  plural. 

nut 'span",  1  auf span";  2  out'spftn",  vt  a  ;'       -    \fr.)    To 

Unharness  animals  from  B  vehicle;  also,  to  unsaddle. 
out  's|K)"ken,   1  (lUt'spiV'kn;  2  out'sp5"kn,  a.     Bold  or 

of  speech;  frank,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 
out-spread',  1  autrspred.;  2  out-sprfid',  vt.  &  vi.     To 

ipread  out ;  extend, 
out-stand ',  ]  2 out-stand', v.    I§.'.    Towith- 

!       II.  1.      1.  To  -land  out;   project.      '£.  To  stand 

remain  unpaid      ont-stand  'iiiK,  a. 
out-stretch',     '      1.  To     tretcb  or  spread  out.     2.  To 

tcb  or  extend  outside  of  or  beyond. 
out-strlp'S  1  out-strip7 ; 2  out-strip',  rt.    To  leave  behind 
In  a  race,  outrun;  hence,  to  go  beyond;  escape.     Syn.:  SCO 
M  u>»,  1  ;  SURPASS. 

alone  see  ■  ■  1.  adv.,  page  :>:<'-'> 


...      l:a~,rfin?1;    .'S^ablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    eil;    iu  =  feud;    <5hin;    go;    rj  =  sire0;    fhin,    this.      outcome 
555      2:  wolf,  do;  book,  boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   tnis.       overflow 


out-take't,  vt.  To  except;  omit.— out-ta'kent,  pp.  &  prep. 
Excepted;    excepting;    save.     oute"*tane'f. —  ouf'tak'- 

ing-lyt,  adv.    Exceptionally. 

out-tell ',  vt.    1.  To  surpass  in  telling.    2.  To  declare;  say. 

out 'ward,  1  aut'ward;  2  out'ward,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to 
the  exterior;  external.  2.  Tending  to  the  outside.  3. 
Extrinsic.  4.  Theol.  Pertaining  to  the  world  or  the 
outer  man ;  carnal,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

out'ward,    )  adv.     1.  To  or  in  the  direction  of  the  out- 

out'wards,  J  side;  away  from  an  inner  place.  2.  On  the 
surface;  superficially.    3.  Away  from  port  or  home. 

out-wit',  1  aut-wit';  2  out-wit',  vt.  [ouT-\vrr'TEDd;  otrr- 
wit'ting.]  To  excel  or  defeat  in  a  contest  of  wits 
Sill.:  see  baffle:  deceive. 

out 'work",  1  aut'wurk";  2  out'wurk",  n.  Any  outer  de- 
fense, as  beyond  the  ditch  of  a  fort.     Syn.:  see  rampart. 

ou'zel,  1  u'zl;  2  u'zl,  re.  One  of  various  European  thrushes, 
as  the  blackbird,  the  rmg*ouzel,  or  the  dipper  or  w&ter'ouzel. 

o'va,  re.    Plural  of  ovum. 

o'val,  1  o'val;  2  6'val.  I.  a.  Having  the  figure  of  the 
longitudinal  section  of  an  egg;  roughly  elliptical.  II.  n. 
A  figure  or  body  of  such  form  or  outline.  [  <  F.  ovale, 
<  LL.  ovalls,  <  L.  ovum,  egg.] 

o'va-ry,  1  o've-n;  2  6'va-ry,  re..  [-riesz,  pi.]  An  organ  or 
part  where  an  egg  or  seed  is  developed.  [  <  L.  ovum, 
egg.]— o-va'ri-an,  a.    o-va'rl-alj. 

o'vate,  1  6'vet;  2  5' vat,  a.  Egg=shaped:  said  of  leaves. 
[<  L.  ovatus,  <  ovum,  egg.]    -ly,  adv. 

o-va'tion,  1  o-ve'sTian;  2  o-va'shon,  n.  1.  A  spontane- 
ous acclamation  of  popularity.  2.  Rom.  Antiq.  A  sec- 
ondary triumphal  honor. [<  L.  ovatio(n-),<  ovo,  triumph.] 

ov'en,  1  uv'n;  2  ov'n,  n.  A  chamber  in  which  substances 
are  heated:  used  for  baking,  annealing,  etc.  [<  AS. 
ofen,  oven.]— ov'en«bird",  n.  A  bird  that  builds  a  domed 
nest. 

o'ver,  1  o'var;  2  o'ver.  I.  vt.  To  jump  over;  vault;  clear. 
II.  a.  Outer;  superior:  not  properly  an  adjective.  III. 
re.  1.  The  part  of  the  game  of  cricket  during  which  one 
bowler  retains  uninterrupted  possession  of  his  wicket; 
the  time  occupied  in  bowling  five  balls  in  England,  and 
usually  si::  in  the  Jnited  States.  2.  [U.  S.]  An  overplus 
unaccounted  for;  excess  of  cash  remaining  after  balanc- 
ing accounts.  IV.  adv.  1.  So  as  to  pass  from  one  of  two 
sides  or  places  to  the  other.  2.  In  distance  across;  in 
width.  3.  From  one  side,  condition,  possession,  opin- 
ion, or  purpose  to  another.  4.  So  as  to  invert,  reverse, 
or  transpose.  5.  So  as  to  overflow.  6.  In  a  position 
beyond  or  covering  a  space;  hence,  completely;  from  In- 
ginning  to  end.  7.  With  repetition;  once  again.  8.  So 
as  to  constitute  a  surplus.  9.  Excessively.  10.  In  the 
condition  of  being  done;  at  an  end.  V.  prep.  1.  In  a 
higher  place  or  position  than;  higher  than  and  extending 
across  or  beyond;  above,  't.  In  higher  power,  authority, 
or  station  than.  3.  In  superiority  to.  4.  In  spite  of; 
notwithstanding.  5.  Upon  the  surface  or  exterior  of; 
so  as  to  rest  upon  or  extend  across;  in  motion  above  or 
on  the  surface  of;  across.  6.  In  excess  of.  7.  Sere 
and  there  upon.  8.  Through  a  period;  during  the  en- 
tire continuance  of;  as,  the  ire  kept  over  summer.  [< 
AS.  o/cr.\ — over  the  top  [Recent],  above  and  outside  01 
a  parapet  or  breastwork,  or  out  Of  a  first  line  trench  into  the 
open,  preparatory  to  making  an  attack:  soldiers'  slang 
Syn.:  see  ABOVE. 

Over, with  thegeleral  meaning  of  "too,"  "too much,"  "too 

great,"  etc.,  is  an  element  of  self'explaining  compounds;  as. 
oteranxiety,  too  great  anxiety;  overeat,  to  act  unduly  or  to 
excess;   overbounteous,   giving   too   freely;   ooercareful,  ex- 
tremely careful;  orrreagorness.  the  slate  of  being  too 
also,  in  the  following  partial  list. 
o"ver-aei'  o"ver-far/  o*ver-proud' 

o"ver-anx'lous, -ly        o"ver-fa-iigue'       O*ver-qul0k' 
o"ver-bold'  o'ver-fei'd'  o'ver 

o"ver-boun'te-ous        o'ver-fond'  o'ver-rlpe' 

o'ver-brlm'  o"ver-frelght'         n"  verse  ru'pu-lous 

0"ver-biir'deti  o'ver-full'  o'ver-sleep' 

o"ver-ljiirn'  o'ver-liap'pv  o  "vit  -stay' 

o"ver-careTul  o'ver-has'l  y  o'ver-etock' 

o"ver-ron'll-denrc  o'vcr-lieat'  o'ver-straln' 

0"V(T-con'll-dent  o"ver-in-ilnlge'      o'ver-sub-scrlhe' 

o"ver-cred'u-lous  o'ver-ls'sue  O'VOr-SUp-ply' 

o"ver-crouci'  o*ver-leav'en  o'ver  iask' 

o"ver-de-vel'op  o*ver-load'  o'ver  tax' 

o'ver-dose'  o'ver  -long'  o'ver  teem' 

o'ver-dress'  o'ver-lust'y  0*Vi 

o"ver-drlve'  o'vcr-inan'  o'ver-iraln' 

o'ver-eat'  o'ver-mas'ter  o  ".■ 

o"vcr-e:ir'iiest,  o'ver  nice'  0  .al'ne 

o'ver-es'ti-mate  o'ver-pa.'  o'ver-welgli' 

o"ver-e\  cite*  o'ver-pralsc'  o'ver  -v.  ■ 

o"ver-ex-er'tlon  o'vcr-prizC  n'vcr-wlsc' 

o"ver-ex-pose'  o'ver-pro-duco'  o'ver  work' 


o'ver- pass' 

o'ver-skip' 
o'ver-span' 

o'ver-wal  .' 

o'ver-ueavc' 


Over  is  also  an  element  In  8  large  number  of  compounds 

with  the  general  meaning  of  ••above."  "surmounting 

ering,"  as  in  the  following  list : 

o'ver-arch'  o'ver-gaze' 

o'ver-can'o-py  o'ver-glance' 

o'ver-cov'er  o*ver-go' 

o'ver-flood'  o'ver-lean' 

o"ver-fly'  o*vcr-lle' 

O'ver «all",  1  5'var-ol*;  2  6'ver-at*.  a.    Including  all;  from  one 

extremity  to  the  other:  said  of  dimensions  measured. 
O'ver-alls",   1   6'var-eiz";  2  6'ver-als",    re     pi,      I. 

coarse  trousers  worn  by  workmen  over  their  clothing 

for  protection  from  soiling.     2.  [Gt.   Brit.]   (1)   Water* 

proof  leggings.    (2)  A  cavalryman's  walking 
o"ver-aw(e',  1  6"v8r-6';  2  5"ver-a/,  vt      ["o  overpower  or 

restrain  by  awe.    Syn.:  see  ah  ibh. 
o"ver-bal'ance,  1  6*veM>al'dns;  2  6*ver-bal'anc.    I',  if. 

1.  To  exceed,  as  in  weight,  value,  or  importance;  pre- 
ponderate.   2.  To  cause  to  lose  balance.    II.  re.     i 

of  weight  or  \  alue 
o"ver-bear',  1  6"ver-bar';  2  o'ver-bar',  r.    I.  t.    1.  To 
overpower,  as  by  determination  or  argument;  repress 

2.  To  crush  down;  overpower.  II.  i.  To  bear  too  much 
fruit.  Syn.:  see S0BDDE.— o"ver-bear'lng,  pa  1.  inclined 
to  arrogance;  dictatorial,   8.  Overwhelming;  crushing,    Sj  n  : 

See  ABSOLUTE;  ARBITRARY:  DOGMATIC;  IMPERII  II 

O'ver-beck,  1  5'var-bek;  2  G'ver-bek,  Johanii  Krledrbli 
(1780-18G9).    A  German  painter. 

o"ver-bid',  v.    l.t.    l.Tooutbid.    2.  To  offer  too  much 

for.    II.  i.    To  bid  or  offer  more  than  a  fair  value, 
o"ver-blow",  1  .V'var-blo';  2  5"ver-bl6',         I.  I      1.    I   • 

disperse  or  scatter,  as  by  wind;  blow  away.  2.  To  blow 
across  or  above.  II.  i.  1.  tfaiit.  To  blow  with  excessh  e 
violence.  'if.  To  blow  over;  pass  awaj  o"\er- 
blown'1,  pa.     Blown  away;  hence,  forgotten;  over, 

o"ver-hlow'!||,  rt.  To  cover  with  bloom;  laj  or  scatter  Mowers 
on. — o"ver-blo«n'2,  pa.  Too  productive  of  Dowers;  also, 
past  flowering. 

o'ver-board",  1  f/vor-bord";  2  6'ver-b6rd",  adt     Over 

the  side  of  or  out  of  a  boat  or  ship. 

o"v«r-cap'i-tal-ize,  vt.    To  capitalize  excessively,  as  a 

railroad,  especially  in  forming  a  joint-stock  company, 
o"vi'r-oast\  1  6"ver-kast';  2  S'ver-east',  d     I.  I      I.   I  .. 

cover,  as  the  sky  with  cloud-;  ovei  diadow      2.  To  sew 

(the  edge  of  a  fabric  or  of  a  seam)  with  long  wrapping 
stitches.     3.  Surg.  To  heal  over.     4.   Bookb\nd\ 
double  (an  edge,  as  of  a  leaf )  in  order  to  permit  its  being 

well  sewed  in.     5   .  To  cast ,  I  brow  ,  or  Spread  something 

over  or  past.    11.  i.    To  become  dull  or  gloomy. 
o"ver-charge',  ».    I.  /.    1.  To  charge,  as  a  person,  more 

than  is  justly  due.      2.  To  load,  as  a  lire-arm,   with  tOO 

heavy  a  charge.    3.  To  weigh  down  with  an  i  \< 
load;  overburden.    4.  To  exaggerate     •">.    I 
extravagant  or  fanciful  charge  against     II.  i    To  make 

an  unjust  or  exorbitant  charge. — o'ver-chargc",  ■,       \n 

excessive  charge  of  an\   kind. 

o'ver-clieck",  l  B'var-cliek*;  2  O'ver-cheV,  re.  A  oheoxreln 
passing  over  a  borse's  head  between  the  ears. 

o"ver-cloud'd,  1  5"v8r-klaud';  2  6"ver-cloud',  vt      i 
cover  wiiii  cloud  -:  affect  with  depr     ion  and  gloom 

o'ver-coat",  I  B  ^n  extra  out- 

doot  coat  worn  o     rs  j  reatooat  ;topi 

o"ver-rome',  1  o"v.ir-kom';  2  6*ver»«6mj         I.         i 
To  obtain  the  mastery  over  or  the  oontrol  of,  > ■  the  re- 
sult ot  a  contest ;  conquer     '-  ■    I  ■         '    ■ I .  i  k«  i 

ll./.    To  achieve  the  mastery,    s.vn.  iquwt; 

REPRl  i.  hi   l 

o"ver-do'.  ]  ii:.  ex- 

cessively.   Spocificalj]      i     i 
act mg;  burle  iquo      (2)  T"  overtax  I  u 

r,,  oook  to  i  nee  ■     2.  |Poot  |  I   ■ 

ai  i  ion;  outdo     II.  i     To  laboi  t 

o"ver-(lr.'iH ',  vt      I.  rodl                                     ml)  beyond 
credit      '-'•   I  ■'■   ' 

ii'irr-ilr.tl  i 
<»"\<T-dur '.  ■     i.  Remaining  unpaid  aftei  i "or. 

2.    Not    appeal  II  .:■ 

ll"llT-llv'.     I  I        I   ■ 

'J.    I  . .  <  1     .      .      ■  .  ..II. I   line    v.  ll  : 

o"ver-lii>iir'lsli.   1   B»VBf  H  ' 

iirii  e  an  undue  iho«  of:  p 

i,-    ro  ei Willi  H"«'  ■ 

oAver-flon '.        [.I      i  ■  h    ■  h...h|. 

overwhelm       II.  i       I"  run 

hence,  to  al od  o"vi  r-flo*  'ion. 

pa     flunnln  i  ovei  the  brl I  •  dgi  ;  hi 

dam 

o'ver-flow",  n     I.  That  whii  It 
■uperabundanoe      '..  A  pn  or  outlet  for  liquid 


For  words  In  out  not  given  above  see    .    i    odi  ,  p 


iriiunf 


rr-<  *- 


i         I  ■■      > n      but,  bttrn; 

.      i  .1111  ,,,,,...     /,.,<; 


,  r- 

i  in.l 

■  •  >>  1 1   . 

■  Ik   . 

I 

.i   \  ■  r-.irm 
II 

• 

,.  > 

l>    \ 

,  r- 

i  ml 

I       I,  1 

■ 

I 

ying   the 


I 


n    > .  r-li.    vr    . 


, .    \ .  r  -  | , .  | 


I 
■ 

linn 
I.    i..  haul 
rondi- 
uii  upon  la  pursuit 

A  thorough 

.•  M  r-li  nil   Inc    . 
I. 
II.  I .     \ 

-   - 

! 

;>/     1.  Time 
!  or  usual  number  of 

■   '   ,p|o\  Infill 

i 

R  \\  I8H. 

i  ■  load  too  hi-.i\  - 


<•  n  r-i  iioi  .  r-l&nd',   a, 

a  vr-lip    .  r-l4p',  t     l.l.    I.  To  lie  or 

to  lap  or  folil  over 

II.  to  reel  partly  on  the  next. 

o  \iT-l.ip  .  .  er-lip*,  n.    The  state,  con- 

the  p:irt  that 

..".',  rt.    1.  To 

.  •  r  with  a  las  '.'• 


ross. 
-:'i",  n.     1.  Print.    \ 

-  to  make  the 

oding    part    of    the 
D  in  the  form. 
rs,  or  partly 

I  ip  over; 


Of  —  n 
•»>  M  to 

w..  or  ob 

n'\ir-|ixik 


o'M-r-lonl' 
and 


I 
o  \.  r-l.i\ 

r/;  2  o'\  ir-lrp',  rf. 
lea;  ro  outleap. 

""in  is  of  a  shoe. 

-.  •   .  1.  To  lie  ab 

by  lying  upon,  as  a  bab- 
■lay. 

o-\.  r-llv.'.  •    A:  H.     1.  TO  outlive; 

:  too  actively. 

-look  '  .  .  Ver-ldok',  r(.    1.  'I 

look  down  upon,    '£.  To 

■ion.    8.  To 

1 .   .  •  r.  by,  or  beyond, 

■">.    i     fail  to 

<«.    I    ■  •x.irii- 
7.   TO   o'U  :' 

'  of  the  evi 

:.HT. 

r.",  n.    1.  Tli'-  act 
'!.  A  nigh  ]> 
■  •  he  bean  family. 
•  r-lor<l",  n.   1.  Eno  //■  t. 
.  or  r-li i«-f  who  outranked 
;.  I  .  one  who 

ii  ver-lord"ship. 
n'Mr-ni.iti  h    . 

more  than 
o'wr-in.ili  Ii ".  1 

I  her. 
<>"\i-r-murli  •.  ■  •,',  a.  &  adv. 

much. 
s»~m  ■■mi  "I. 

ii'n  r-n  um ■"- .  .     &  nickname oi 

For  words  In  orer  not  glrcn 


•  •  i  •  i  i •  i   iii  .  i  luring  or 

mghl  [powers 

.    \ .  i  p  ii  i  ■  1 1 < i  tin 

,■   i  •  i  -  p  i  u    .  I.I 

..in  heeding; 
i.  I.    i 

i   m 

.  rlOOl 

o  ri  r -pin-.  ■  v\ iiirii  remains 

. 

o"trr>poUe',  ro  outweigh 

o   \.r-pu\>  Vr,  1  i.i 

■  i »  helm  by 

■noi  i  ii .  in  no     .     .i  inn  i 
ii  nr-pr.i-iliir   Hon.    1  er-pro- 

duction  in  excess  ,,t  den 
ii    \rr-n   ii  Ii     .  I.  t      |.  To 

in  an  tw\  an1  ry;  out  wil      "'. 

is  a  limb     .'t.   i 
I.  To  extend  i  II. 

i.i  ke  the  hind  against  the  I  •!  ,,t  :i 

.'.  don  a  tack  farther  than  i 

i  i\i        o'wr-rench".   n        \    (round  Of 

the  heel  ,,r  quarter  ol  a  tore  tool  ol  a  horse,  caused  bj  over- 
reaching      ii'irr-rrarli  'it.  •        o'lcr-rcae  Ii"Iiik,  n. 

o"\rr-ri-  ni  • .         i ,,  read  over. 
o*ver-red'ti    I     ro  paint  01    mear  with  red. 
ii"\cr-rl(lc',  i  o -\  .i  roid';  2  8"vei  rid',  vi     1.  To  over- 
.  as  ii  by  trampling  under  the  feel  <,f  one's  horse. 
i'.inl  arbitrarily,    .1.  To  ri< !••  to 
iubI  by  riding.    4.  Sura  To  slide  ovi 
corresponding  frai  >ne  end  of  a  fractured  bone 

<i"\rr-riiic',  1  -.   .  .-i  ml  . :_' ,.' '.  •  i  nil'.  ,      I.i     I.  I 
tml  by  superior  power  in  a  way  contrary  to  the  ten- 
dency or  desire  of  the  person  or  thing  controlled     '£. 

I  he  authority  of  fa 

■m   as  a  precedent    by   maintaining  a  different 

doctrine  in  a  latei  ro  pronounce  invalid     •'!. 

To  rule  over,  sway,  or  influence.    II.  i     To  hold  sway. 

o"\iT-ruriii(f,  pa.     Exercising  controlling  pour: 

dally  fur  good. 

ii"wr-run',  1  ,,  \  .r-riMi':  2  <V\  rr-n'm',  t  I.  t.  1.  To 
run  or  spread  over;  infest  or  ravage  "'.  To  run  beyond; 
exceed  or  go  beyond.  •'!.  Print,  To  carry  over  (type) 
to  another  line;  alter  the  arrangement  of  (matter  in 
by  change  of  lines,  etc.  4.  In  baseball,  to  con- 
tinue iri  a  si  raighl  course  beyond  (a  base).  5.  'I 
over  in  review  either  mentally  or  orally;  scan.  II.  »'. 
I  o  pass  just,  prescribed,  or  usual  limits. 

i>"wr-Nciitc|iocl  't,  a,    Overworked;  outworn. 

u"\rT-si«a',  1  o"v;,r-.-I';  2  iV'vn  B(  -.  ond  the  sea; 

abroad.  o"ver-sea8'J.  o'\or-sea"t,  a.  Coming 
from  beyond  the  sea:  foreign. 

ii"uT->i'r',  1  ■'•"•.  r-i';  2  o"\  rr—,"',  r  I.  t.  1.  To  over- 
look; superintend ;  supen  ise.  'I.  To  fail  to  see;  neglect . 
:t.  I,,  -.-,■  I,,,,  well  or  clearly.  II.  i.  1.  To  see  over 
things    '-■  I"  ••'  eei       <>">i-r-sr'rr.  n    One  who 

oversei  onewbo    up<  orers  or  slaves 

at  ihrir  work.     Syn  :  gee  haster;  si  pbrimti  I 

ii"MT-sct',  1  ,","\ •.-,!  I.  t     I.  To  cap- 

':.  i  downfall  of ,    3.  To  set  in 

type  too  much  of.    II.  i.    To  fall  over;  topple  down. — 

o'n-r-srl".  n.     I.  A  turning  over;  upyet.     '£.  J'rlnt.  Kxcess 

of  compose  i  1 1 1"-    -it.  Buperflult 
o*ver-sbade'  .  1';  2  6*ver-shad',  rl  4rt.    To  cast 

a  shade  or  darkness  over;  i  rrom  above. 

o"ver>8nad'ow,  1  5"ver-snad'o;  2  5"ver-shatl'0i  vt.  1. 
To  <  brow  b  '.'■   I   i       I  into  I  he  shade  or 

render  insignificant  bj  comparison     8  .To  shelter. 
o'mt-sIioc",  l  6'ver-sTifl*;  2  5'ver-sho*,  n.    A  shoe  worn 

over  another:  usually  of  india-rubber  or  felt. 

o"Mr-slioo( ',  1  o  "v.-r-'liut';  2  5"ver-sh66t',  v.    I.  (.    1. 

■  r  or  beyond,  as  a  mark.     '!.  To  go  l»-yond; 

p;  exceed     8.  To  speed  or  flow  swiftly  over,  as  a 

m  over  a  mill«wheeL    II.  i.    To  shoot  or  fly  beyond 

tlir  mark.     o'\it-sIioI",  pa.    1.  SurpaMsril  In  any  way.    2. 

overshooting,   as    a    milUwheel.  -overshot 

wlirrl.  a  '.'..'ii'T-wlirrl  for  powrr.  with  buckets  that  arr  filled 

■  ■■  t  from  a  race  over  the  top,  t In-  weight  and  Impetus 
of  the  water  turning  the  wheel.    Bee  Qlua  on  next  page. 
o  \iT--iirht",  1  ,,'.  ,,r-sait";  2  6'ver-sit",  n.     1.  An  error 
due  to  inattention;  an  inadvertent  mistake  or  omission. 
■;.  u    r,  hfu  i   superintendence 

Syn.:  rare,  charge,  command,  control,  direction,  inspec- 
tion, management,  superintendence,  supervision,  surveil- 
lance,  watch  trtctiy  Implies  con- 

mal    presence;    superintendence  require  only  so 
much  of  pr,  nmunicatlon  as  to  know  that  the 

above  see  OTira,  page  555. 


«^:9=i(fil!f1;   u-,habu!t^.a¥^    au  =  0"t;    e«:    Iu  =  feud;    rtiin;    go;    D  =  8inff: 
557  2:  wolf,  d«;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   611.  boy;  go,   gem;   ink; 


fllin, 
thin, 


this,  overgarment 
this.  ox 


superintendent's  wishes  are  carried  out;  the  superintendent 

of  a  railroad  will  personally  oversee  very  few  of  its  opera- 
tions;    the    railroad 

company  has  su- 
preme   direction    of 

all  its  affairs  with- 
out   superintendence 

or  oversight.     But  a 

person     may     look 

over  a  matter  in  or- 
der to  survey  it  care- 
fully in  its  entirety, 

or  he  may  look  over 

it  with  no  attention 

to    the   thing    itself 

because  his  gaze  and 

thought  are  concen- 

trated  on  something  s=j 

beyond ;  oversight  has  O 

thus  two  contrasted  \\ 

senses,  in  the  latter  \ 

sense  denoting  inad-  ? 

vertent      error      or  *** 

omission,  and  In  the     E 

former     denoting      ! 

watchful  supervision,     i 

Control     is     chiefly 

used  with   reference 

to  restraint  or   the 

power  of  restraint;  a 

good  horseman  has  a 

restless  horse   under 

perfect  control;  there  Overshot  Wheel. 

is    no    high    character   without    selUcontrol.     Surveillance 

is  an  invidious  term  signifying  watching  with  something  of 

suspicion.    See  care;  error;  neglect. 
O'ver-skirt",  1  6'ver-skurt";  2  6'ver-skirt",  n.    A  skirt  or 

drapery  worn  over  the  skirt  of  a  dress. 
0"ver-spread ',  1  6"var-spred';  2  o"ver-spr6d',  vt.     1.  To 

spread  over.    2.  To  lie  scattered  over.   o"ver-spred  'PJ. 
o"ver-state'd,  1  6"vsr-stet';  2  5'ver-stat',  vt.    To  state  in 

too  strong  terms;  exaggerate. — o"ver-state'ment,  n. 
o'^er-step'S  1  6"var-step';  2  6"ver-st6p',  vt.     To  step 

over  or  beyond;  exceed. 
o"ver-strung',   1   o'Var-strurj';  2  6"ver-str(ing',   a.      1. 

Strung  too  tensely.     2.   Having  two  sets  of  strings 

crossing  obliquely. 
o"ver-sway'||,  vt.    To  Influence;  overrule. 
o'vert,  1  6'vurt;  2  o'vert,  a.     Open  to  view;  outwardly 

manifest;  in  law,  done  with  criminal  intent.     [OF.,  pp. 

of  ovrir,  <  L.  operio.  open.]    Syn.:  see  apparent;  evident; 

manifest;    notorious.  —  Ant.:  contemplated,  hidden,  in- 
tended, meditated,  secret. — o'vert-ly,  adv. 
o"ver-take',  1  6"var-tek';  2  o"ver-tak',  vt.    1.  To  come  up 

with  by  following;  catch.     '£.  To  take  by  surprize. 
Syn.:  see  catch. 
o"ver-throw',  1  f/'vor-fhro';  2  6"ver-thr<V.     I.  vt.     1.  To 

throw  over;  throw  down;  upset.     '£.  To  overcome  the 

power  of;  defeat.    Syn.:  see  abolish;  conquer;  demolish; 

exterminate;  subvert;  ruin.      II.  n.  The  act  of  over- 
throwing; destruction;  demolition, 
o'ver-thwart",  1  B'vsr-thwert";  2  0'ver-thwart*\    It.  </     I. 

Situated  over  against;  opposite.    ',!.  Transverse:  crossing. 

II K.  prep.    1.  From  side  to  side  of.    2.  On  the  other    h  I'  ol 

3.  In  front  of. 
O'ver-timo",  1  5'var-taim";  2  6'vor-1.Ini".     I.   n .     Time 

used  in  working  beyond  the  specified  hours      II.  ,/,/ 

Beyond  the  stipulated  time  [ham 

o'ver-tone",  1  ovar-tSn";  2  5'1  i  i  I 5n  Eii       \ 

o"ver-top't,  1  o"var-t(ii)'.  1  8'ver-top',  vt     I.  To  mount  above 

the  top  of;  tower  over.    2.  Hence  to  exceed  In  eminence 
©"ver-trade'11,  1  o'vsr-trBd';  2  0"ver-trad',  vt      i"  trade  be 

yond  one's  capital  or  the  requirements  ol  thi   market 
o'ver-ture,  1  6'var-dhur  or  -tiur;  2  8"ver-chur  m 

1.  Mus.  An  instrumental  pn  ludi 

orchestral    piece    ilhif  I  rat  in 

theme.     '.».  A  tentative  propo  al  intendi  I   ■  ■    I    id   I 

further  negotiations.    Syn.:  sec  proposal. 

0"ver-turil',  1  o"v;jr-),0ni';  ;J  ■  I.  t       I.  To 

cause  to  fall;  upset.    18.  To  di    troj  the  power  of.    311. 
To  overpower.    II.  i.    To  turn  over;  capsize.    Bin 

demolish;  SUBVERT. 

o'ver-turn",  1  o'var-twrn";  2  6'ver-turn*.  ».    I.  I 
of  overturning;  an  upsi  '  wei  ion 

or  di'st  ruction. 

o"ver- watch'1,  1  o"var-worh';  2  5"v<  r^wach',        I.  I      I. 
To  watch  to  excess.    '£.  To  watch  ovei     ::  I .  I  ■■  • 
with  watching.    II.  /     Towatch.orl  olong 

0"vcr-ween'lng,   1   yvdr-wln'in;  2  S'vor-wdn'in 

(  'hanuleri/.eil  l>y  pn-   umpl  mm     r ' >  idi    or  ci 
gant.    [ <  OVEB  +  AS.  wenai     ■■       !     -; 


o"ver-whelm\  1  o'ver-hwelm';  2  6*ver-hw6Im'    tt     1. 

To  whelm  or  submerge  completely.  ».  To  crush  with 
sudden  or  irresistible  onset.  3.  To  overcome  with  effu- 
siveness or  profusion.  Syn.:  see  bury;  mi. i  ,  im  mm  n  in- 
volve; subdue.— o"ver-whelin'lnK,  pa  Crushing'  by 
reason  of  force,  weight,  or  numbers;  Irreaist  Ible    -Ij . 

o  vcr-worn',  1  6"var-w6rn';  2  6*ver-w6ra',  pa  Worn 
out  or  exhausted. 

o"ver- wrought',  1  6"var-ret';  2  6*ver-rdt',  pa  1. 
Worked  up  or  excited  excessively;  overstrained  8. 
Worked  over,  as  with  embroidery.    .'{.  \\  orked  too  hard 

Ov'ld,  1  ev'id;  2  ov'id,  Puhlius  OvldlUS  Naso     13  B.  C 
A.  D.  17).    A  Roman  poet;  banished  by  AugUBtus:  died  m 
exile.— O-vld'1-an,  a. 

o'vi-,  1  1  o'vi-,  6'vo-;  2  6'vi-,  o'vo-.     From  Latin  ovum, 

o  vo-, )  an  egg:  combining  forms.— o'vi-durt,  n. 
The  passage  by  which  the  ova  are  conveyed  from  the  ovarj  to 
the  uterus.— o-vlfer-ous,  a.  Zool.  Hearing,.:  ho 
[+  L.  fero,  bear.)—  o'vl-form,  a.     Having  the  forn 
egg  or  ovum;  egg-shaped. 

o'vinc,  }  1  o'vin  or  -vain;  2  6'vm  or  -vin.    I.  o. 

o'vin8,  (pertaining  to  a  sheep;   she, -p. like.     II.   n 
ovine  animal.     [  <  L.  oris,  sheep  | 

o"vi-par'i-ty,  n.    The  i Iltlon  or  being  oviparous.     o-rlp'- 

a-rous,  a.  Producing  eggs  or  ova  that  mature  and  are 
hatched  outside  the  body.  [  +  L.  pario,  produce  ]  -o-Tlp'a- 
rous-ly,    «rfr.  — o-vip'a-roiis-ness,    n      <>"\l-pos'li   . 

To  lay  an  egg  or  eggs;  specifically,  in  ent logy,  to  deposit 

eggs  by  means  of  an  ovipositor.    [  +  L.  posttus,  pp   ol 
place.)— o"vl-po-srtlon,  n.     o"\i-pos'l-ior,  n.    The  tubu- 
lar organ  at  the  extremity  ol  the  abdomen  In  mam  n 
by  which  the  eggs  are  deposited:  sometimes  modified  u  a 
sting,  as  in  bees  and  wasps.     O'vl-sae",  n.     1.  The  closed 
capsule  In  which  ova  are  developed  within  the  o van     •' 

investment  of  an  egg  or  eggs.     [  +  L.  saccUS,  sack  ] 

o'void,  1  6'void;  2  6'void,  «•  Egg-shaped.  [<  L.  ovum, 
egg,  f-  -oid.)    o-vol'dalt. 

o'vo-lo,  1  o'vo-lS;  2  <5'vo-lo,  n.  Arch.  \  oonvei  molding;  a 
quarter-round.    [It.,  <  LL.  ovulum,  dim.  of  1 

o'vule.l  o'viul;2o'viil,/b  A  rudimentary  seed;  small. 

o'vuni,  1  6'vuni;  2  5'vfim,  n.  [o'VA,  pt.]  1.  Biol  A  nu- 
cleated cell,  funned  in  the  ovary;  an  egg,  in  th.     •. 

sense.    '£.  Arch.  An  egg-shaped  ornament 

owe,)  16;  2  6,  v.     [owed   (formerly  odoi w»)j 

owp,  [  mv'isii.j  I.  (.  1.  To  be  under  obligation  for 
'£.  To  be  indebted  for.  3t.  To  In-  the  owner  of;  own; 
have.    II.  i.    To  be  indebted;  be  due     [<     As  iii/.m. 

have.]— ow'lng,  pa.     I.   Due;  yet    I paid     u  I 

sively.     '£.   Attributable      owing    to.   attributable   to;   00 
account  of;  In  consequence  of:  a  prepositional  phrase 
O'wen,  1  o'en;  2  0'6n,  Robert   (1771    1858).     A  Bootl 

clallst  and  philanthropist 
ow'er,  l  au'er; 2  ow'er,  adv.  .v  prtp.    [Scot  1  BameasovsB 
owl,  1  mil;  2  owl,  ».    A  nocturnal  bird  having  largi 
and  a  circular  facial  disk  ol   radiati  See 

bird,    2.  One  of  a  breed  of  domi    tii  ingan 

owldike  head  and  a  prominent  frill,    .'t.  \  i> 
tomed  to  be  up  late  at  night     \       \  t     n«l  'et. 

A  small  or  young  owl.      owl'lsll,   ;       Likeanowl;| 

Btupid ;  alsi  ling     owl'lsh-ness, 

own1,  l  on;  2  8d,  vt     Vo  bavi  th 

! BS;   ha\  e.      J  ,'nws,  u  | 

own",  i).    1. 1.    I.  To  admit  to  be 

fi  '.    i  nr  the  ownership  1 1 

[( 'oil, „|  I  T( i admit;  ackm  I 

S.vn.:  bo  iob;  avow;  roNn    ■    iiavi 

own,  a.    1.  B  It;  indii  dual     ■;.   I 

of  the  nearest  di  I 

iirii,  |j   related  ot  In  arined  it 
an,  have  I 
own  'er,  n      I  Ini  i  who  b 

post  • 
own'er-lea  iwnor     own'er-tnip 

i  ii,  piioi't  n  1 1 

ows'cii 

0X|    I    Ol  |"\  'l    N.    ;,/  |        I.  A 

•  I,  in,    i  [c  cat  Me     '.'.   \  i  ii 

|    ,,x    hot  . 
n,,i  undci  tbi  ol 

II]  •■       o\  bon  .         \  i»  at  pioco  ol   ■ 

OlUU    tor   lb.    0         01   in  ' 

on,-  ,,f  :.,  /oral  plant 

•£.  Om  !-   Hi 

null,",  OlCyC  d.ll 

with  Ol 

1 1  hi,  i       white 'wood  | .    oi  Up",        i 

'-'.    \    hj  iTMl    I i vlib    PI     till I    I'll  U'  .  I  . 

An    \lri,  an  bird  that  d(  I 

ox'tongui  ".  <      i 


For  words  in  o^tr  uot  glvcu  above  .sec  ovkb,  pa 


I>\  till 
p. till 


I            I         "           .  .",     n«t.  Or;   full.  rfll..;   but.  bOrn; 
1       I  •  |  iii  t  .  . ,  won, 


•  ;        I 


'United 
f.Ullll)  . 

■ 


\  llIM  II     ..f 

Olfol  I   I   lllvi  t- 

<i\  i.irii   inoe, 
II   ii.    .     <>»-..  n,-i,i     i 
ii 

0 1*1(1. 

nl    I'll  . 

icid  | 

il. 

oi  l-ill/t  .  .'is..  ; 

I  II 

OI    i-l  it.     .  ..\    I-.II-.  mi   l-.ll/"         .II*'   .r. 

I  l»..n  . 
I  »\    ii-. 

OJ     ... 

I '  \   r-gcn,   I 

■ 

- 

N    >-i:>  li- ,il. 

i.i ')  -iji-ii-i/i-       -lac        <>\  "> -ie«-n-.-i  '- 

ii.. n.  -.hi,.  pertaining  !■• 

ox-n  .-n, .n-      ..\  v-ifi-n-i/       -i-    i-iii  .  . 

■•ii.  three  acute 

.,\  r-gone       ox-yg'o-nal, 
oi")-go'nl-al        ■  •  v "  \  - 1 1  >  ■  ( I  r  ■ »-  k  .  ■  1 1 . 

-.-••n  ami  hyili 
.ii    blowpipe,         lowplpe  In  which  hydrogen 

tab.;'  .   temperature  est  limited    at 

-substances.— 


■  ■»  >-iii.i.  I      Ixture  of  h ii  mi. i  vlnogai  Uolli 

..\  \  -tone     i  i . 

n         \  • . , 


(>-.  i  in  i. 


•>f. 


,'-:,.A 


),  mreich       o\">-iiin  i-.  .ii. 
luting  ;m  .. 
Mm  i»  in.  Prince    1843   IOH 

,  ummnndoi  •ln«ohlef  ol  i  Ii 

I  ,,ii 
I 
i  i  •  •* it  iii.i  terminer. 

I .  | Knit.]  A 

ii.  i.i  m  i.  ;i-r  twice  ■  year  In  each  count)      I.  |U.  8,|  In 
i  .  nui  i  .,'  higher  criminal  lurlMlletlon 

■  r.iltti. 

in  Introduoton  word  to  call  atten- 
tion ■  ,  ,niri  erlcr,    i<  >i    Hoe  oran.] 
oys'ter,    i 

\  >!..■    f.niiiil    in       ill 

and  brai  ki  in  water  moored  by 
the  I.  it  shell  to  .si. .ins.  other 
sheila,  and    tin-    li K ■  -. 
common  edible  spei  ie  -  ,,i  I  u- 
ropa    and   Amei 

'.'.  Borne  "i  her  analo- 
bi valve,   aa    thi 
<  'I 

huitr,    .  !  •-,.(.  <;r. 

OJ  »   Irr   liril",  li  • 

\  place  when  i 

:  or  where  they  are  grown. 

o.-fanii,  n       \    pace  of  sea* 

bottom  whin-  oysters  are  cultl- 

ii.  farming,  n       <>.- 

plant,  "    Salstf]      o.> tonga,  ». 

- 
stout  rakes,  uiiii  heavj  Inward* *, juii. 
bending  teeth,  pivoted  together 

.  and  used  from  :i  boal  to  gather  up  i 

../..  0      ■■..-./  '  i     i  >  1 1 1 1 .  i  • 

O'aark  mountains,  i  <•'  \  plateau  In  Mla- 

sourl,  Arkansas,  and  Oklahoma. 

o'lone,  1  >,'/,iu;  2  i  m     \  colorless  gas  with  a 

pungent  odor  like  thai  .,t  chlorin,  regarded  as  an  allo- 
tropic  i. .mi  of  oxygen  containing  I  in  the 

molecule.     [<(ir  oz6   (ppr  U.]    o-zo'nlc, 

o'/o-noiis,  a      o'/ii-ni/c  oi  -hi -*•,  -     a  n.    To  treat 
with,  or  I"-  converted  into,  oaone. 


with  Rlghl 
Mantle  Dap  k.  moved 


P  p  Roman. 


?>P 


Letter. 


9"y* 


(Script. 


P.  p. 


Li  .  ill  ]   A 

P..  prince      |>., 

nft  i.  pint,  pipe, 
P.   \  .  private 

p.  a.,  pa.,        '     Participial  adjec- 
I'  i  . 
fi.ili  ii-Iiiiii.  1  pa  2  pab'yo-lom,  n.    Any  sub- 

aliment.     |F.  ,  (odd 
P  .ii'u-lar,  <; 
pa'ra.  .  ictumal 

brownish  with  white 
P  ik   :  pai|:. 

I 
gular  st-  II.  I.I 

'.'.  borse,  l<y  lift- 

par  'it, 
1 .  2.  A  measun   o(  length, 

;  t  ;.!■••' I    5.  The  move- 

i 

with  the 

itep.] 

■ 
■ 
p  ir-i  be  '-I   . 
parh ')  -  Prom  Ore 

parh-.  pacta  ')-i|itiii.     I.  I . 

pach"- 
>-<),r  tnnii-         II  l'arh">- 

<l>  r  'ni.i-l.i.  '  -  (|lv!  don  of 

i  niminatintr  stomach,  Including  the  .  i,  - 

•(.  skin. | 
pa-cif'le,  1  p&-aif'ik;  2  pa-r;[f'ic,  a      1.   I 'naming  to 


i 


I  >  i  ■  ■  . 


P  i-,  i  i '. 

p  i-rhl    -I, 
par-i  hi   -I. 


peace;  peaceable;  calm.  '*.  [I'-]  Pertaining  t"  the 
areal  western  ocean,  as  relatively  free  from  storms- 
[<  L.9 pax,  i"  ',  make  ]    p:i-cif'i-cali. 

Syn.:  calm,  conciliating,  conciliatory,  gentle,  meek,  mild, 
peaceable,  peaceful,  placid,  quiet,  Bmooth,  still,  tranquil 
unruffled,  waveless.— Ant:  belligerent,  contentious,  contra 
i.  enraged,  exasperated,  exasperating,  Dghting,  furious 
harsh,  hateful,  hostile,  Irritated,  Irritating,  provoked,  pro- 
■-,  quarrelsome,  stormy,  tumultuous,  turbulent,  war- 
like.— pa-clf'l-cal-ly,  adt  —  pa-rlf 'l-clst,  n.     A  pacifist. 
pa-cl'fl-co,  1  iwi-si'n-kf);  2  pa-crfl-efl,  ».    \  peaceable  person; 
neutral;  specif.,  n  >  a  native  of  Cubs  or  the  Philippine   who 
<iiii  imi  oppose  the  Spaniards;  (2)  a  non-combatant  during 
I  merican  war,    [Sp  ] 
Pa-cif'le  o'eean.     in  ocean  between  the   American  contl- 
inii  Asia  and  Australia,  extending  frinii  the  Arctic  to 
the  Antarctlo  ocean;  70,000,000  sq   m.;  11,000  m.  wide, 
pac'l-flsl,  l  pas'i-fist;  2  pac'i-flst,  n.  [Recent.]  One  who 

itee  s  polios  ,,:  peaci  .  as  opposed  to  militarism. 
pae'l-fy,  I  pas'i  (oi;  L'  pac'i-fy,  !'     [-fibd;  -fv"ino.]    1. 
To  bring  into  a  peaceful  state     ''.  To  assuage  the  angi  i 
of;  calm.  (<  F.  pacifier,    <  I  pat   {pm    •, 

peace:  and  see  -ft.]  pa-df'l-catet.  Syn.:  »>•<■  ai.i.av; 
n.Mi'i.u;  th  pa<-"i-ii-ca'tlon,  n    Conciliation, 

par 'l-ti-ia"ior,  n.     a  peacemaker,     par 'l-fl"er{.—  pa- 
rlf  'l-ca-to"ry,  a.  —  pa-elf  'l-clst,  n.     A  pacifist, 
pack  ,  1  pal    2  pak,  o.     I.i     1.  To  dispose  witn  orderly 
arrangemenl  incompacl  (or  carrying  or  han- 

dling. I  i  To  Btow  in  any  receptacle  (2)  To  make  a 
pack  or  bundle  of.  2.  To  (ill  compactly.  •!•  To  com- 
pp--s  tightly.  4.  To  ili  mi  pen  mptonlv;  send  away. 
.">.  'I  o  a  botI  "i  bring  together  for  an  unfair  end.  (>.  To 
load  with  a  pack  7.  To  carry  on  the  back.  8.  Meeh. 
in,  as  a  joint,  '-rack,  or  crevice;  make  fluid"tight. 
9.  In  water»cure  treatment,  to  envelop  (a  parson)  in  a 
beet,  usually  with  dry  wrappings  outside.  II.  i. 
1.  To  beatow  things  for  saf<j»k,eer)ixig  or  carrying.    2.  To 


1: a  =  final;    i=hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell; 
659  2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but, 


10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    n  =  aing;    fhin,   this.         ovalle 
burn;   oil,  b6y;  go,  gem;   ink;    thin,   this  pain 


form  into  a  pack;  settle  into  a  firm  mass.  3.  To  allow  of 
being  put  into  compact  shape.  4.  To  leave  in  haste. 
Syn.:  see  jam.— pack'cr,  n.— park 'lag1,  n. 

packet,  fl.  I.  t.  To  arrange  by  a  compart;  contrive  treacher- 
ously.   II.  i.  To  forma  compact;  conspire— pack 'ing=t,  n. 

pack,  n.  1.  A  bundle  or  large  package;  a  collection  of 
anything;  heap.  2.  A  full  set  of  like  or  associated 
things,  as  cards.  3.  A  number  of  dogs  or  wolves  that 
hunt  together;  any  gang  or  band.  4.  A  large  area  of 
floating  broken  ice.  5.  In  water*cure,  a  wrapping  of 
sheets.  Syn.:  see  flock:  load.  —  pack'=an"i-nial,  n.  An 
animal  used  to  carry  packs  or  burdens,  as  a  pack'shorse" 
or  pack'=mule".— pack'er.  n.  One  who  packs  or  a  device 
for  packing.—  pack  'eta,  „.  I.  {.  f,  to  make  into  a  packet. 
2.  To  send  in  a  packet*boat.  II.  I.  To  navigate  with  a 
packet-boat.— pack'et,  n.  1.  A  small  package;  parcel.  2. 
A  steamship  for  conveying  mails,  passengers,  and  freight  at 
stated  times,  pack'etsboaf't.— pack 'man,  n.  [-men,  pi.) 
A  pedler.— p.=saddle,  n.  A  saddle  for  a  pack=animal.— 
pack 'thread",  n.    Twine  used  for  doing  up  packages,  etc. 

pack'age,  1  pak'ij;  2  pak'ag,  n.  1.  The  act  of  packing; 
also,  that  which  is  packed ;  something  wrapped  up  or 
bound  together;  a  packet  or  parcel.  2.  A  charge  for 
packing.      [  <   OF.  pacquage,    <   pacquer,  to  pack.] 

Pac.  oc,  abbr.    Pacific  ocean.  [pactum,  agreement.] 

pact,  1  pakt;  2  pact,  n.    An  agreement;  compact.    [  <  L. 

pac'tion§,  1  pak'Shan;  2  pae'shon,  n.    A  bargain. 

Pac-to'lus,  1  pak-to'lus;  2  pac-to'lus,  n.  A  stream  in  Lydla, 
traditional  source  of  Croesus's  gold. 

pad1, 1  pad;  2  pad,  v.  [pad'ded"1;  pad'ding]  I.  t.  1.  To 
stuff  with  pads;  furnish  with  pads.  2.  To  put  up  in 
pads.  II.  i.  1.  To  wear  pads.  2.  To  lengthen  literary 
productions  by  padding. 

pad2d,  rt.  &  H.  [Prov.  or  Obs.]  To  travel  over  on  foot;  vramp. 

pad1,  n.  1.  An  elastic  cushion  serving  to  protect  from 
jarring.  2.  A  number  of  sheets  of  paper  packed  and 
gummed  together;  tablet.  3.  A  large  floating  leaf  of  an 
aquatic  plant.  4.  Zool.  (1)  A  soft  cushion=like  en- 
largement of  skin,  as  on  the  under  surface  of  the  toes  of 
many  animals.  (2)  The  foot  of  a  fox,  otter,  etc.;  also, 
the  footprint  of  an  animal.    [Var.  of  pod.] 

pad2,  n.  [Prov.]  1.  A  road-horse.     pad'=Iiorsc"t.     2.  A 
footpad,    pad'derj.    3.  A  path;  road.    [Var.  of  patiM 

pad 'ding,  re.  1.  The  act  of  forming  a  pad.  2.  That 
of  which  a  pad  is  made.  3.  Matter  put  in,  as  in  a  book, 
merely  to  fill  space. 

pad 'die,  II  pad'l;  2  padl,  v.     [pad'dled;  pad'dling] 

pad'P,  J  I.  t.  1.  To  propel  with  a  paddle.  2.  To  beat 
with  a  paddle.  3.  To  pat  repeatedly:  stroke  caressingly. 
II.  i.  1.  To  ply  a  paddle.  2.  To  dabble,  as  in  water. 
[Var.  of  patlle,  freq.  of  pat,  p.]— pad'dler,  n. 

pad 'die,  i  n.    1.  A  bladed  implement  resembling  an  oar, 

pad'lp,  J  used  without  a  rowlock  in  propelling  a  boat. 
2.  Some  similar  implement,  as  for  mixing,  or  for  inflict- 
ing bodily  punishment.  3.  Zool.  A  flipper. — pud 'die: 
fish",  n.  A  fish  ol  the  sturgeon  tribe,  with  a  BCalelesB  body, 
found  in  the  Mississippi  valley. — p.cwheel,  n.  A  wheel 
having  projecting  floats  or  boards  for  propelling  a  vessel. 

pad'dock1,  1  pad'ek;  2  pad'ok,  n.  An  enclosure  for  exer- 
cising horses.     [<  AS.  pearroc,  park] 

pad'dock2,  n.  1.  [Scot.]  The  tadpole-fish.  2.  [Prov.  Kng. 
&  Scot.]  A  toad  or  frog.  [Dim.  <  ME.  paddc,  =  D.  pad, 
Ice.  padda,  toad.]    pud    . 

Pad'dy1,  1  pad'i;  2  pad'y,  n.  [-DIES,  pi.]  An  Irishman:  a 
nickname  for  Patrick.  [Anulo-Ind.l 

pad'dy2,  n.    Rice  in  the  husk,  whether  gathered  or  growing. 

Pa"de-rew'skl,  1  pa"de-rev'skl  or  -res'ki;  2  pa"de-rev'ski  or 
-res'ki,  Ignacc  Jan  (1859-  ).  A  Polish  pianist  and  com- 
poser: Manru. 

pa'di-shah,  1  pfl'di-sTia:  2  pii'dl-shii.  n.  Lord  protector;  em- 
peror: a  title  of  the  Ottoman  sultan  and  of  the  shah  of  Per- 
sia.    [Per.]  pad  Miali,;  pad'shawt. 

pad'lock",  1  pad'lok";  2  pad'lok".  I1,  vt.  To  fasten  or 
provide  with  a  padlock.  II.  a.  A  detachable  lock, 
designed  to  hang  on  the  object  fastened.  [<  PAD,  »., 
+  lock1,  n.] 

pa'dre,  1  pu'dre;2  pii'dre,  n.  Father:  a  title  given  t . . .- 1  priest. 
[Sp.,  Pg.,  &  It.,  <  L.  paler,  father.] 

pa-dro'ne,  1  pa-dro'nO:  2  pii-dro'ne,  n.  [-DRO'NEfl  or  -DRO'NT, 
pi.)    Master;  a  proprietor;  employer;  Bpeclf .  a  contractor 

with  or  for  Italian  laborers,  etr.     [It.] 

Pad'u-a,  1  pad'yu-a;  2  pad'yu-a,  ».    A  university  ell 

tai  of  the  Italian  province  ol  the  sami  name;  pop  98,000 
pad 'u-a-soy,  1  pad'yu-a-sei;  2 pftd'u  i  ^  strong,  rlob 

silk  fabric,  originally  made  ai  Padua     pad'e-soj :. 
Pa-du'cah,  l  pfi-dn'ko;  2  pa-du'ea,  n     \  manufacturing  city 

and  river  port.  In  \V.  Keritnel  y;  pop.  22,800. 
p.  a>.,  abbr.    [i..]    Partes  :ri/naii:;  (equal  pa 
pa-'an,  1  pl'an;2  pG'an.  n.    I.  Or.  Antia.     \.  ohoral  Odi 

tially  a  song  of  joy.    2.  Hem  illation. 

[L„  <  Gr.  paian,  <  Palan,  Apollo.]    pc'anj. 


In  the  Orient,  a 


Paes'tum,  l  pee'tum:2  pes'tum,  n.  An  ancient  Greek  city  In 
S.  Italy;  lias  extensive  ruins. 

pa'gail,  1  pe'gan;  2  pa'gaa.  I.  o.  Pertaining  to  pagans; 
heathenish.  II.  a.  1.  A  worshiper  of  false  gods;  a 
heathen.  •>.  An  irreligious  person  [<  F.  palen,  < 
L.    paganus,    peasant. ]  — pa'gan-lsni,    n.  —  pu'gaii-tzc.  rt. 

Pa"ga-ni'ni.  l  pfi'ga-nl'nl;  2  pa'ga-ni'nl,  Nlecolo  ,i7si- 
1840).    An  Italian  violin  virtuoso  anil  composer. 

page1,  1  pej;  2  pag,  ti.    [paged;  paq'djo.]    To  mark  the 

pages  of,  as  a  book,  with  numbers,     paging,  r». 

page-,  vl.  [U.  S.]  To  notify  or  summon,  as  by  a  page. 

page1,  n.  A  male  servant  or  attendant.  Specif.:  (1)  In 
chivalry,  a  lad  or  young  man  in  training  for  knighthood. 
(2)  A  boy  or  youth  of  gentle  parentage  who  u:i. 
royal  or  princely  personage.  (3)  [L'.  B.j  A  hoy  whose 
duty  it  is  to  attend  upon  legislators  while  in  session, 
(4)  A  boy  in  livery,  employed  in  B  hotel,  olub,  or  private 
house  to  perform  light  duties.     [F.] 

page2,  n.  1.  One  side  of  a  leaf,  as  of  a  book;  also,  the  type 
for  printing  one  such  side.  ?.  Eence,  any  source  of 
knowledge.    [F.,  <  L.  pagina,  <  pango,  fasten.] 

pag'eant,  1  paj'ant  or  pS'jent;  2  pag'ant  or  pa'gant,  n. 

1.  An  imposing  exhibition  or  parade.    2.  A  theatrical 

spectacle;  he ,  unsubstantial  display.     3.  Hangings 

having  scenic  enrichment.     [<   1. 1.,  pagina,  scaffold, 

<  L.  pagina,  leaf,  slab.]    Sm.:  see  OSTENTATION;  BPI  CTACL1 

— pag'eant-ry,  n.     Pageants  collectively;  festal  or  cere- 
monial splendor  or  display.    Syn.:  see  osi  bnta  i  ion. 

pag'i-nalt,  a.  Consisting  of  or  pertaining  to  the  pagi  a  ol  ■ 
book;  also,  page  for  page.     pag'l-na-r>  t. 

pag"i-na'tlon,  1  pa]1-n6'sh8n; 2  p5g*l-n4'shon,  n    The  num- 
bering of  the  pages,  as  of  a  book;  paging.    [  <  L.  pagi  • 
page.] — pag'l-natc,  vt. 

pa-go'da,  1  pe-go'ds;  2  pa-gS'da,  a. 
sacred  tower,  usually  pyramidal  and 
profusely  adorned.  [Sp.,  <  Per.  but, 
idol.  +  kadah,  temple.]    pa'godf. 

paid.  1  pSd;  2  pad.  Imp.  &  pp.  ol  pay,   '. 

pai-deu'tics,  1  pal-diu'tika;  2  pi- 
du'ties,  n.  The  theory  or  Hie  art  of 
instruction.  [<  Gr.  pat&eutikos,  of 
teaching,  <  pai(d-)8,  boy.]  p;c-deu'- 
ticsj;  pe-du'tl<s;. 

pal-dol'o-gy,  l  pai-del'o-Ji;  2  pl-d01'o- 
gy,  n.    [Recent  1    The  sci- 
entific study  of  the   child 
by  specialists   trained    for 
that     purpose.      [         Gi 
pais     (paid-),    child, 
-ology.] 

pail,  1  pel;  2  pal,   n.     A  ^ 

conical      or      cylindrical  J"SBi 
vessel   for   carrying    liq- 
uids, etc.,  properly  bav-  " 
ing   a    bail.  —  pail  Till,      %,. 
n.    [pail'fui.s.  pi  I  ■",  ' 

pall-lasse',    1    pal-yas';    2  -J 

pal-yas',  n.       A     mattress 

of  straw,  excelsior,  or  the  like 

palea,  chaff.] 
pain,  1  pen;  2  pan.  rt       I.    I U       bodily  pain  to.  Imii 

2.  To  afflicl   »ith  mental  suffering;  grieve;  disquiet, 

Syn.:  see  in  bt;  pii 

palll,   n.      1.  The  state  of  feeling  that    i:   the  Oppi 

plea  -lire;  t  he  diaUirbing  feelinj 

pans  ins    ome  deVangemeo     ovi  ruction 

of  the  physical  powers;  any  di  tn    ling  or  afflictii 

t  ion,  or  such  ene  iti  >l     '1.  pi.    '  !aro,  1 1 

effort,  or  exertion  expended  on  anything:  used  of t 

[ular;   a  i,   « itfa    much   pot  n        S,    Punishmi  al    foi 
crime;  penalty;  as,  under  pain  oi  death      4.  , 
pan^s  of  ohlldblri  h     I  •    i  Bno  I 

Syn.:  ache,  affliction,  agon) .  anguli  h.  dl  i  omfi 
misery,  pas  tig,  throe,  torment,  torture. 

trouble,  twinge,  uneasiness,  wo,  wrotctu 

i  t.i  in  ol  ii'i    i  roup,  Inclmllnii  all  ihu  ■ 
pain  is  a  disturbing  leniatlon  from  which  imiurr  •■ 

resulting  from  some  Inji n  i  denial  lnt<  rfi 

■  wound  a  bi  ul  e,  a  barsb  word,  ote 

what  one  ii' 

oi  i"  "  ivemenl  i,  oi  froi 

oi  mental  functions  (as,  tin 
content) 

ml   Intense,  and   |n  I.     Wr 

■peak  of  in 

i,i  ami  thrilling  pain      r 
oatel]  rot  m 

aves:  the  paroxvm  <  '  ''"  wovr 

and   torluri 

irn.li  no-.,  i  Ant 

eon, fori,    delight,    caw,    enjo.  ment .    pottM,   laiitiire,   relief. 


[F 


pulll, .   straw  .  I 


P  tine 
palcrj 


i 


1     . 

1 

l                1 

|   1 

1  (III. 

|>. In    lill- 

1 

1)  . 
II 

1 

- 1  >  .  I  J  i 

I 

■ 
I      i-  1 

I .  l .  .'wiili  pain  I . 

'. 
I. 
II  t  lor  the 

punt  .1  r  dry  or  miv 

1 1  1 1 1 1 1 
ni.  flexible  motal,  to 

I .  I 

nu  merely  in 
I. 
paUsU  i  r  .  t  is  to  paint.    (1) 

.  ..r  ob- 

th  which  to  fasten  :i  boat  by  its 
net  ] 

|>  Villi        •  - 

[i.uiii  in;.         I.  or  employment  of  laying 

e  :irt  of  representing  "|>- 

:t.  \  picture. 

1  i .  ■ her  as 

-  orm.MitaK'>!i:-i.-;  mate,  as  male  and female;  unite 

a-  ■  '  .-■• ;•-.;■  - 

.'.  II.  n.    l.  In  general, 

:  .-I  kind,  joined,  related,  oorre- 

1 1 »1  •  ■ ;  brace.     2.  A  simile 

ipondenl  parts  dependent 

■I.  A   married 

4.  In  legislative  bodies, 

hi  fri'iu  VOt- 

.">.   \  let  i  I  like  "r  equal 
i,  a  pair  of  stairs.    [  <  F.  pairs, 

Paisley,     .-  ■>.  manufacturing  town  an  the 

suburban  to  <  i.  88  717. 

:     l   •.  1    . 

coats  to  match,  used 

ir.      (  <  Hn,  .  leg,  —  j'trrifi. 

p  i'-). i  'ma.i  :  py-Ja  'ma*   - 
I  >  ■ ■  i  ■ 

pal.,  .  Paleontology. 

pad  'ace,  ]  1.  A  royal  residence,  or  the 

high  dignitary,    2.  Vny  splen- 

.    building.     ["<    I..r  Palatium, 

ime.l    pal'al-  .  boubb. — pa- 

la'ti.ii.  magnificent. 

I'll    i-'lm.  2  pal'a-dln,  n.     Any  one  of  tie- 

:.<■'■,    a    p:ir;igon    of 
(F.] 

-..r<>-irii..    l    pCB-el'o-gus;   2    pale-GI'o-Ktis.    "■      * 

l-T.II    1  |.Vf. 

lb:  2  p&l'a-mCdea,  n.    r;r   Myth. 
•f  weights,  mi 
and  .  had  him  put  to  death. 

liii  '  i:i-i|iiin',    1    pad'en-kln';    2    pal'an-kin',    ".      An 

boulders  of  ■ 

pal".lll-keeli  ' 

piii'..  1.  The  roof  of  the  mouth. 

•     1 1 1 
•  ill-  i .   ■ 

•neat,  n     pal'at-a-blj . 
[i  ii '  i-i  ii      i  i .       r  alnlng  to  the  palate     '!. 

ii.  •      1.  a  bone  ol  Hi'-  palate, 
palate 

pa-lat  l-nate.  1  pa-  .-lat'l-nat.  n.     1.  A  political 

. 

domain.    2.   I 

palatine.— toe  Palatinate, 

re,  Including 

. 
Low 
I'lii-'m.  2 pal'a-tln or -Ma.  a    I. Per 

tain"  :.  P  Ing  royal 

!. 

'<-«ai  rights  within  s  a  ri  Lin  doma 

i  :nn.  <   L.  palatinus,  of  tin- 

Palatine  Hill.  <  f"ilalium.  Palatine  HIU.J 


;   full,  rOli-:   bOt,  bOrn; 

ii  i  i  0       ii      ..  .  wAn,         MM) 

pal  i-iin  •■    .  :    nf  or  pertaining  to  the  palate 
pal   i  hi  i  h  judicial  functional*)  In  medieval 

■  ni.r  ,.r  ii  palatinate,  "t-  ■ 
i  a  palaci  uftli  lal  of  a  llo- 

iin-  I'.ii.iiini  .       Hi.    r  i  ii  tine  Hill,  the 
il  hill  ..(  i  in-  seven  on  which  ancient  Kome  was  bull) 
pal    ,-i  in  .     .  .      \  !      c  of  the  hard  palate    palatine  bonet. 
ii.i-i.ii  it,  :  . .  i      |. 

i  ole;  talk  rauoh  mid  idly.    II.  n. 

I    ilnii   intended  to  Batter.     I  • 
i  i.iu  i 
i>ii    1 1  pel;  2  pal,  »t     [paled;  pai  in..  |     to  enoloso  with 

i>. lb-  .  i  hi  n  pale;  blanch. 

pilr.  a       I.  i  >•    i  v.  den  nppenrnnoe      '.'.  ( if  n 

light  shade  of  any  ■-. .b >r    |i  IF.,  <  I.  poUidut,  pale  | 

,  mar 
Mi-,   paiii.i.   wan,   white  n.i      Aiit.:   blushing, 

ng,  florid,  flushed,  purple,  red.  red  and  white 
rubicund,  ruddy      pale 'face*,  n      \  whits  person   a 
namo  represented  In  stories  and  poems  as  u  sdbj  the  Amer- 
ican Indians,    palely,  ai        pale'ness,  -.    paJed'netsi. 
palish,  .•    Bomcm  bat  pals. 
p.iii-.        I.  Originally,  a  pointed  stiok  of  wood  for  driving 

in  the  ground;  a  stake;  a  paling.    2.  A  fen mcli 

pi i  ground;  hence,  any  boundary  or  limit.    8,  That 

which  is  enclosed  within  bounds,  literally  or  Bgura 
tively;  as,  the  social  fil,     4.  Il>r.  An  ordinary  i 
inn  nf  a  vertical  band  through  the  middle  <>i  the  Bhield, 
occupying  one»third  of  its  width.     |<   F.  pal,    <  L. 
.  I'tihim,  nil  ten.] 

pi  i.- 1.  tv  n    [-m,  l  -i:  g  -v.  pi]    i.  nut  a 

chafMlke  bract;  also,  one  ol  the  ohaffy  biner  scalos  of  a 
grass«flower.     pale;.     2.   Orntih.   A   dewlap.— pale-a'- 
eeoos,  a.    pale-atet, 
l'a'lrni-li.imt '.  1  pu"l.'in-l..iir.  :.'  pa'Irin-liiinK',  n.    A  seaport 

tow  ii  in  s.  E.  Sumatra;  pop  63,800. 
Pa-len'qoe,  1  pa-len'k8;  2  pft-leu'ke.  n.    A  ruined  city  in  S. 

Mexico,  with  remarkable  prehistoric  ruins. 
pa  'le-o-,  i  l  p§'h-o-,  pS'h-;  2  p&le-o-,  pi  i  ;   m  Greek 

p;i'lc-,     \  palaios,  ancient,  old:  combining  forma,    pa'- 
la--o-;.  [portion  ol  the  Tertiary. 

Pa'Ic-o-Kclie.  1  pc'll-o-JIn:  :.'  i .:, ' !•  H      •  D    1.    OtOl,     II liter 

pale-o-nraph,  n.    An  ancient  manuscript.    I<   palbq-    i 
-i.kmii.     pa"le-oi£'ra-|iher,   n.     pa"le-o-(trapli'lc,  a. — 

pa"le-oi{'ra-ptiy,  n.     1.  i le  of  writing;  an- 

ivriUngs  oollectlveJy.  'J.  The  science  of  ancient  wrii- 
inu'H. — pa'le-o-lltli,  n.  a  ciitiip.-'i  stone  obleci  or  Imple- 
ment  of  the  earlier  or  more  primitive  BtODS  age.      I  I     <  ir 

lithos,  stone.]  pa'ltc-o-llthj.  -pa"le-o*llth'lc,  a  Hav- 
ing the  mark-*  or  characteristics  «f  the  rude  stone  age; 
chipped,  pa'le-ol'o-gy,  n.  The  study  ol  antiquity  or 
antiquities;  archeology.  I  t  -loot.]  pa"le-ol'»-gist,  n. 
— pa"le-on-toI'o-gy,  n.  The  branch  of  biology  that  treats 
of  the  ancient  life  ol  the  globe  or  ol  fossil  organisms.  [  + 
pa'ic-on-turo-icist,  r».  —  Pale-o-so'Ic, 
Pa"Ia>o-ao'lc.    I.  ';.    Pertaining  i<>  the  lowest  geological 

ir  sines  of  si  rata  above  the  Areh.-ran  and   below  the 

II.  ».   The  Paleozoic  era.    ( +  Gr.  zoi,  life.] 
Pa-ler'nio,  1   ps-lOr'mo;  2  pa-lCr'mo,  n.     A  city  In  X.  \V. 

Blcllj  ;  pop  346,000. 
Pal'es-tlne,  1  pal'es-tain;  2  pal'ee-tJn,  n.    A  country  In  8.  w. 

.-~\rla;   11,000  Bq.  rn.;  capital,  .lerusalem.     Holy  LandJ.— 
I'.il"cs-tln'l-an,  n.    Pal"cs-tln'c-ant. 
pa-les'tra,  l  ps  les'tra;  2  psrles'tra,  n.    {-Tnir.,  p!.]    I.  Or. 

Antiij.   (1)   A   school  of  athletic*.      (2]   A   fixed  series  of  live 

athletic   exercises;    also,    a    wrestling»court;    gyms 
hence,  any  school.    '!■  Academic  orator...'.    8.  A  gymnasium, 
[<    I.  ..  ...    <   palS,  wrest  lint;.  |     pa- 

lex 'trie,  a.     Pertaining  to  wrestling;  athletic,     pa-les'- 

tral:;  pa-lrx'trl-an 
I'a'iex-trrna.    1    pB'les-tiT'na;    2    p&les-trl'na,    filovannl 

Plerlnlgl  da  (1624  or  '.  •  1694]      An  Italian  composer; 

reformed  church  mn  Ic;  1ft    aPapm  \farceili. 
pal'et,     i  l  pal'et;  2  p&l'St,  n.    1.  A  thin  tablet,  with  a 
pal 'ct  if,  J  hole  for  the  thumb,  upon  which  artists  lay 


their  colors  for  painting.    '£.  An  arrangement  of_colora 
placet 

pal'e-tot.  ]  pal'i-to;  2  pal'e-to,  n.    A  loose  overcoat  for  man 


ilaced  on  t  li 


tor  paint 

e  tablet  . 


:i.  A  pallet i  lee  p lllet1,    [F] 


or  woman.    [F.] 
Paley,  l  pBTi;  2  pa'iy,  William  C1743  1805).    An  English 

ne  and  philosopher;  Evidences. 
pal'eysf,  n     Same  a  -  p  u»a<  i 
pal'frey,  1  pel'fn;2  pal'fry,  ".    A  aaddle-horse,  especially 

Oman's  saddle-horse,    [<  F.palefroi.\    pal'froyf. 
Pa 'II,  l  po'H;2  pa'll,  a.   The-:, .re, i  language  ol  the  Buddhists 

tern  and  southeastern  India.    ,'  <  Hind,  fain 
pal'imp-xfxi,  l  pal'unp-aeat;  2  p&l'imp-sSst,  n.    A  parch- 
ment, etc.,  written  upon  twice,  tie-  earlier  writing  hav- 

int;  been  wholly  or  partially  erased  to  make  room  for 
the  second.  |<  Gr.L  patimpsentos ,  <  palin,  again,  + 
psaO.  rub.) 


1:8  =  final;    i  =  hablt]_    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    xj  =  sing;    tnin,   this.         Paine 
561         2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.        paltry 


pal'ln-drome,  1  pal'in-drom;  2  pal'in-drom,  n.  A  word  or 
words  that  read  the  same  forward  or  backward.  [  <  Gr. 
palindromos,  <  palin,  again,  +  dramein,  run.) 

pal'ing,  1  pel'irj ;  2  pal'ing,  n.  One  of  a  series  of  upright 
pales  forming  a  fence ;  also,  such  pales  collectively. 

pal"ln-gen'c-sls,  1  pal"in-jen'i-sis;  2  pal"in-gPn'e-sis,  n.  A 
new  or  second  birth  into  a  higher  or  better  life  or  being;  a 
regeneration,  as  the  metamorphosis  of  an  insect.  [<  Gr. 
palin,  again,  +  genesis.]    pal"in-gen'e-syt. 

pan-node,  1  pal'i-nod;  2  pal'i-n5d,  re.  1.  A  metrical  recan- 
tation. 2.  Scots  Law.  A  solemn  retraction  in  an  action. 
[<  F.LL+Or  palinodie,  <  Gr.  palin,  again,  +  ode,  song.] 

Pal"l-nu'rus,  1  pari-niQ'rus;  2  pari-nu'rus,  n.  In  Vergil's 
JEneid,  jEneas's  pilot,  who  slept  and  fell  overboard  as  the 
Trojans  approached  the  coast  of  Italy. 

pal"i-sade',  1  pal"i-sed';  2  p31"i-sad'.  I.  vt.  [-SAD'EDd; 
-sad'ing.J  To  enclose  with  a  palisade.  II.  n.  1.  A 
fence  or  fortification  made  of  strong  timbers  set  in  the 
ground.  2.  pi.     An  extended  cliff.     [F.l    pal"i-sa'dot. 

Pa"lis"sy',  1  pa"U"sI';  2  pa"li"sy',  Bernard  (1509-1589).  A 
noted  French  potter;  inventor  of  enameled  pottery. 

pall1,  1  pel;  2  pal,  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  or  become  insipid  or 
dull;  cloy.    [Short  form  of  appall.] 

pall  5.  ct.    To  enshroud  with  or  as  with  a  pall. 

pall,  re.  1.  A  cover,  usually  of  black  cloth,  thrown  over 
a  coffin  or  over  a  tomb;  figuratively,  that  which  brings 
deep  sorrow,  or  fear.  2.  Eccl.  A  chalice=cover.  3t>  A 
mantle  or  cloak;  specif.,  a  coronation=robe;  also,  for- 
merly, the  cloth  from  which  the  mantles  of  nobles  were 
made.  [<  AS.  psel,  <  L.  palla,  robe.] — pall'=bear"er, 
n.    One  who  attends  a  coffin  at  a  funeral. 

Pal-la'dl-o,  1  pal-la'dl-o:  2  pal-la'dl-o,  Andrea  (1518-1580). 
An  Italian  architect  and  author. 

Pal-la 'di-um1,  1  pa-le'di-um;  2  pa-la'di-iim,  n.  [-di-a, 
pi.]  1.  Class.  Antiq.  An  image  of  Pallas  on  which  the 
safety  of  Troy  was  supposed  to  depend.  2.  [p-]  Any 
safeguard.    [  <  Gr.L  Palladion,  <  Pallas,  Pallas.] 

pal-la 'di-um2,  n.  Chem.  A  rare  sliver  white,  malleable, 
ductile  metal  found  native  with  platinum,  etc.   See  element. 

pal'lali,  n.  A  S.  African  antelope,  dark  red  fading  into  clear 
white  below,  with  spreading  horns  in  the  male.    [Bantu.] 

Pal'las,  1  pal'as;  2  pal'as,  n.  The  Greek  goddess  Athena; 
often  called  Pallas  Athena. 

pal 'let1,  1  pal'et;  2  pal'et,  n.  One  of  various  mechanical 
devices:  (1)  A  click,  pawl,  etc.  (2)  A  disk  in  the  end- 
less chain  of  a  chain=pump.  (3)  A  potters'  wheel.  (4) 
A  paddle  for  mixing  and  shaping  clay.  (5)  A  tool  used 
in  gilding  the  backs  of  books.  (6)  Paint.  A  palet.  [Var. 
of  palette.] 

pal  'let2,  n.  A  bed  or  mattress,  usually  of  straw.  [<F. 
paillet,  heap  of  straw.]  [armpits.    [FJ 

pal'lette,  1  pal'et;  2  pal'et,  n.  Armor .  A  plate  protecting  the 

pall  'i-a-mentt,  n.    A  white  robe  or  gown. 

pal'Ii-ate,  1  pal'i-et;  2  pal'i-at,  vt.     [-AT"EDd;  -at"ing.] 

1.  To  cause  to  appear  less  guilty  or  offensive;  extenuate 

2.  To  reduce  the  severity  of;  mitigate.    3t-  To  clothe. 
4f.  To  conceal.    [  <  L.  pallium,  cloak.] 

Syn.:  apologize  for,  cloak,  conceal,  cover,  excuse,  extenu- 
ate, hide,  mitigate,  screen,  veil.  Cloak,  from  the  French, 
and  palliate,  from  the  Latin,  are  the  same  In  original  signi- 
fication, but  have  diverged  in  meaning;  a  cloak  may  be  used 
to  hide  completely  the  person  or  some  object  carried  about 
the  person,  or  it  may  but  partly  veil  the  figure,  making  the 
outlines  less  distinct;  cloat  Is  used  in  the  former,  palliate  in 
the  latter,  sense;  to  cloak  a  sin  Is  to  attempt  to  hide  It  from 
discovery;  to  palliate  It  Is  to  attempt  to  hide  some  part  of 
Its  blameworthiness.  "When  we  palliate  our  own  or  others' 
faults  we  do  not  seek  to  cloak  them  altogether,  but  only  to 
extenuate  the  guilt  of  them  in  part."  Trench  Study  of  Words 
lect.  vl,  p.  266.  Either  to  palliate  or  to  extenuate  Is  to  admit 
the  fault;  but  extenuate  (L.  ex,  out,  +  tenuis,  thin)  seeks  es- 
pecially to  lessen  the  culpability  Involved;  hence  we  speak  of 
extenuating  circumstances,  since  circumstances,  while  they 
can  not  change  the  Inherent  wrong  of  an  act.  may  yet.  lessen 
the  blameworthiness  of  him  who  docs  It ;  palliating  a  bad 
thing  by  giving  It  a  mild  name  docs  not  make  It  less  evil. 
In  reference  to  diseases,  to  palliate  Is  really  to  diminish  their 
violence,  or  partly  to  relieve  the  sufferer.  See  au.ay;  al- 
leviate; hide.  — Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  AOOBAVATI 
pal"II-a'tlon,  n.  Alleviation;  mitigation.  pal'll-a-ll\  <■  . 
I.  a.  Having  a  tendency  to  palliate.  II.  n.  That  which 
serves  to  palliate. 

pal'lid,  1  pal'id;2  pftl'id,  a.    Of  a  pale  or  wan  B  P]  M 

feeble  In  color.     [<    L.   pallitlus;  see   PALS,   a.]     Syn.:   seo 
ghahtly;  pale. — pal 'Ild-ly,  ar/r.— pal'lld-ness.  re. 

pall";maU',  1  pel'-mel':  2  pcT-mcT.  n.  1.  A  game  formerly 
played  In  England  and  France  by  driving  a  wooden  ball 
through  a  raised  Iron  ring,  along  an  alley,  by  means  of  a 
mallet.  '£.  The  mallet  used  In  this  game,  •'(•  An  Bile]  or 
long  space  for  playing  the  game.  It  gave  its  name  i..  one 
of  the  streets  of  London  (1  pal"»mal';  2  p&rMnal'),  noted  for 
Its  numerous  clubs  and  formerly  the  Kite  of  the  English 


War  Office.  [<  OF.  palmail.  <  It.  palamagllo.  <  palla 
(<  OHG.  palla),  ball.  +  maglio.K  L.  malleus,  mallet] 

pal 'lor,  1  pal'ar;  2  pal'or,  n.  The  state  of  being  pale  or 
pallid.    [L.,  <  palleo,  be  pale.] 

palm,  1  pam;  2  pam,  vt.  1.  To  hide  in  the  hand.  2.  To 
impose  fraudulently:  with  off. — palni'er1,  n. 

palm1,  re.  1.  The  hollow  inner  Burfaoe  of  the  body  of  the 
hand.  2.  The  breadth  or  the  length  of  the  hand  used  as 
a  lineal  measure.  3.  That  which  covers  the  palm.  4. 
The  flattened,  palmate  portion  of  an  antler,  as  of  a 
moose  or  fallow  deer.  [<  L.  palma,  hand.] — pal'mato, 
pal'mat-ed,  a.  1.  Resembling  an  open  hand,  with  the 
fingers  spread.  2.  Web-footed.— pal'mate-ly,  adt  — pal- 
ma'tlon,  n. 

palm-,  n.  1.  A  tropical  tree  or  shrub  of  which  there  are 
at  least  1,000  species,  mostly  having  very  large  li 
2.  A  leaf  or  branch  of  the  palm,  used  as  a  symbol  of  \  io- 
tory  or  joy.  3.  Hence,  supremacy;  triumph  |  <  I.  AS 
palma,  palm-tree.]— doom' =palm","».  A  species  of  palm 
of  northern  Africa  of  which  the  fruit  ha-s  the  flavor  Of  gin- 
gerbread, dom'spalm":;  gln'ger-bread"«trec":.— pal- 
ma'ceous,  a—  palni'er?,  n.  A  medieval  pilgrim  who  had 
visited  Palestine  and  brought  back  a  palm-branch.  — palm  '- 
ersworm",  n.    A  hairy,  voracious  caterpillar. 

pal'ma,  1  pal'ma;  2  pal'ma.  ».  The  palm,  or  the  correspond- 
ing part  in  an  insect  or  other  animal  (I. ..  palm  of  the  hand.) 
—pal 'mar,  a.    Situated  near  the  palm  or  palma. 

pal"ma=Chrls'ti,  1  pal'ma-krls'u;  2  pal'ma-iTls'tl,  n.  Same 
as  castor-oil  plant. 

pal'ma-ry',  1  pal'ma-n:  2  pai'ma-ry.  a.  Deserving  the  palm 
or  prize;  principal;  chief.  [<  L.  palmarius,  <  palma,  palm- 
branch;  see  palms,  n.) 

pal'ma-ry2§,  a.    Same  as  palmar. 

Palm'er-ston,  1  pam'ar-stan;  2  pam'er-ston.  Viscount 
(1784-1865).  Henry  John  Temple,  a  British  statesman  and 
prime  minister. 

pal-met 'to,  1  pal-met'o;  2  pal-met 'o,  re.  Any  one  of 
various  fan-palms,  especially  the  cabbage-palm  of  the 
southern  United  States.    [  <  Sp.  palmito] 

pal 'mi-,  1  pal'mi-;  2  pal'ml-.  From  Latin  palma.  palm  of  the 
hand:  a  combining  form.  [lug  palni-tre,  s. 

pal-mlf'er-ous,  1  pal-mif'ar-us;  2  piSl-mlf'cr-us.  o,     Produo- 

pal 'mi-grade,  1  pal'mi-grSd;  2  pal'ml-grld,  o.    Plani 

[<  PALMI-J+  L.  gradior,  walk.]— pal'ml-ped.  I.,;.  \\  el.- 
footed,  as  a  swimming  bird.  II.  re.  A  swimming  bird.  [4- 
L.  pes,  foot.]    pal'ml-pedej. 

palm 'is- try,  1  pam'is-tri  or  pal'mis-tri;  2  piitn'is-try  or 
p&l'mis-try,  n.  1.  The  so-called  art  of  reading  one's 
character  or  future  by  the  marks  in  the  palm  of  the 
hand.  2.  Sleight  of  hand:  said  humorously  of  B  pick- 
pocket.—  palm'is-ter,  ».    palmist!. 

Palm  Sun'day.  Tin-  Sunday  before  Easter:  commemo- 
rating Christ's  triumphal  entry  into  Jerusalem  (John 
xii,  13). 

palm'),  1  pam'i;  2  piim'y,  a.  [pai.m'i-ih;  pum'i-isi  ) 
I.  .Marked  by  prosperity.     2.  Abounding  in  palms 

Pal-my'ra,  1  pal-moJ're;  2  pal-my'ra.  n.  A  ruined  city  In 
Syria;  sacked  by  the  Romans.   \.  i>.  278. 

Pa'lo  Al'to,  1  pe'lo  al'to;  2  pil'lo  al'to  \  Mule-Held  In  B, 
Texas;  Mexicans  defeated,  May  8,  1848 

palp,  1  palp;  2  palp,  n.    A  feeler,  especially  one  "t  the 
jointed  sense-organs  attached  to  the  mouth«orj 
many  insects.   |<  L,  oo/po,  Stroke.]   pal'pus!  |  pi,  pl.J, 

pal'pa-blu'1',  1  pal'ps-bl;2  pal'pa  bf,  a  1.  That  may  I"- 
touched  or  felt.  2.  Readily  peroeived;  ob>  ous  |< 
l.l,.  palpabiUs,   <    I.,  paipo,  touob.]    Syn.:  see  apparent; 

EVIDENT;     UANTPXBT       p;tl"pa-l)H'l-l)  ,    re.       pal'|i  i-lil .  c- 
nessij.     pal  pa-blj  ,  adv. 
pal-pa 'I  Ion,  |  pal-pS'Shsn;  8  pal  p.l'shon.  It,    M<<!     I  I  ■ 
ess  of  examining  or  exploring  morbid  conditions  l>y  ii 
touch;  a  digital  or  manual  exploration 

pal'pe-bra,  1  pal'pi-brs; 2 pal'pe-bra, ii    ;  Baa,]   brl 

n/.|    Anal.     An  eyelid      |i   I     pal'pe-brali 
pal'pl-tate.   l    pal'pi  tSl ;  2  ptl'i 

-tat"im;  ]    To  piii  at.  oi  beat  quickly:  fluttci 

palpitO,  pp  palpitattU,  pant  1  |ial"pl-t.i  lion,  •.  Rapid 
and   Irregular  pulsation. 

pals 'grave"',  i  pflbs'lor  pal  i\ '.  » 

a.  in  -t.  <  irlglnally,  one  ba\  Ing  ohai 

portal  eourt  or  bousehold;  also,  o I  Dblllty: 

one  of  the  hereditary  rulers  of  the  Palatlnau  !  MD 
p„ii  tram .  lalaoe  (<  L.  ■  ouni  I 

pal's),  [  pol'/i,  2  pal'u       I.  ■ '  > 

1,  To  strike  with  | 

lion  oi  em  rgj  in     11.  n      LI  inipairmnnl 

(,r  loss  of  sei  i  voluntary  motion      1.  ln<  fR- 

ciency;  apathy     |  •     I"    parol .  I     , 

pab  Mil    i    pal 'sled  i  "     Pai  ■ 

pal'ler,  1  pel'tei ,  ::  pal'ter,  •■  ■      i  ■•  ■ 


pal 


unworthy  mannei     |Cp,  paltri  I     pal'tet^er, 

J 'try  1 1  poi'tn.  Spal'l  il'tw-i  ■;  pai 


p.ihnll- 
P  M'<  r 


»- in  .11 


1    o- 


■»        \  I  I  0  fl 

»      .1  .  v    .  I*rn.  I, It.  I..' 


•  •      ■"••  .    full,  rflle;   bill.  bOra; 

i  i  o  o6t,  6r,  won, 


:,«;•; 


-trln  r: 

Kim 

p..  II. 


ll     I  1 
pal   lrl-1)  . 

I 

,  I'  il    ll-.lhi 

I    .1    ii-.i  U     .    i'l-lu-    lr.il.  -lil-.ui. 

i  in   Pamln 


■am  M  r,  ■  r.  r.'. 


,.  --  . 

■ 

mI.II.'.     Kill! 

- 
1 1>I  Inc.    li:ir 

l>.mi   pill.  i.  m'flct. 

p.1111  ll.  l   .  I .  I  uork 

neatly  bound 

•  b     klets,  \    1  > 
ii.mi  piii.  i-  •  •  .  e  who  writes  pamphlets 

Paaa-gthj i  i-.i.  in  an- 

il, hi. 
pan.  |  pakkxd;  rak'nuto.]     I.  (.     1. 

.  «hilring  tin-  gold«bearing 
:.  a  pan:  often  with  «'it. 
obtain  by  any  means;  .•"■cur.'; 
t.  in  :i  pan,    II.  i    [D.  S.j 

1 .  earth;  also,  to  app 

!<  Tolloo,  ].  to  afford  result 
.  gold  by  using  the  pan. 
pan.  1.  .  especially  such  a 

vessel,  usually  n  use,  as 

iding  liquids  or  in  cooking      '.'. 

r  boiling  and  evaporating.    3.  A  circu- 

whieh  gold  is 

separat- ■!     4.  The  powderocavity  of  a  flintdock.     5. 

c.  i  :.,-  skull;  brahvboz. 

■  arth  contain- 

B.  HanUpan.     [  <  A£ 

;  ulna.  prob.  <  pateo,  be  open.] 

Pan.  •     ■,-    W'jih.  An  Arcadian  woodland  spirit;  Inventor  of 

pan-.  :  pan-:  2  pin-.  A  combining  form  found  In  Greek  words 
and  used  before  Kngllsh  proper  adjectives;  as.  Pan»Hellenlc 
(embracing  all  Greeks);  Paw  Presbyterian.     [<    Gr.   pas 

Pan  .      *-r.    Panama. 

pan"a-'       ..  .   »i.    1.  A  pp 

-  all  disease-       .'.  herb  credited  with 

[L.,    <   Or.   pas,   all,    + 
p  in"  i-i  •   .in},  a.  [feathi 

pa-narh. •'.  '.  n.    a  plume,  or  buncb  of 

pa-na'iii.        •  ._•  pa-na'da  or  -na'da,  n.    a 

dWi  •  era  or  bread  soaked  with  boiling  water. 

!i  milk,  or  flavored  wltti  wii  •  .  etc 
-;i    panada.  <   I-  panU,  bread.) 
Pan"a-ma'.   I  "a-ma.  n.     1.  A  n  ; 

:•!..    pop.    427.000.     'i-  It-. 

Isthmus  of  Panama, 

an  t-'  ;tii  America;  length, 

•.  ;  minimum  width,  30  m.     Panama  canal,  a  canal 

: .  1907; 
Panama  hat,       hat  woven  from  the 
ral  America. 
Pan"-A-mer'l-ran.  <t      [netudll  e  whole 

■       tO  all    Am.  rl 
I '  \  1 1 1  •  r  1 .   1 1 1  I  . ,  i  •  |  r ,  -  • 

itfa  America 
Pan    \iii>  rii  an  I  nlon 

■  n  Washington, 
i »  ■  ding  among  all 

I 
pan '.  aki".  .  n      A  thin 

idle. 
pan-era 'tl-um,    1     pan-kr<v<hi-urn;    2    pan-cra'shl-fim.    n. 
I    pi.]  Or.  .\nliq.  A  contest  of  athletes.  Including  both 


I    .vr.--.tlim;      |l 


■loiMeri.    - 


|.  in   .  i  .  i    I. 


Pancreas 

■ 


pan  .  r.  -  i 

th.-alr 

.  i .    the 
■  b  read. 

pan    •  r .  - 
it'll 

P  inrri'jllr 
jlllrr.    a    eoli.r- 

Hum,    re- , 

ind   forming  an  Important 
factor  in  digestion,  by  emulsifying  fat* 
Pan'da-rus,  1  pan'da-roa:2  .     In  Homer's  Iliad, 

the  leader  ol  the  i  yelans  In  the  rrojan  war 
Pan-de'an,  l  pan-dr'an;  E  pan-dCan,  a     Pertaining  to  the 
i;o.i  pan.     Pa  mi  can  pipes,  ■  primitive  wlnd«lnstrumeni 
■  of  graduated  reeds     Pan's  pipes'. 
pan'dect,   l  pan'dekt;  2  pan'deet,  n      I.  An  encyclopedia 
treatise;  a  oompleti  dlgi   tol  ome  department  of  knowledge. 
P  \  compilation  ol  excerpts  from  the 

writings  ol  Roman  lurisU     \    D     183]      |-    «.r.  pai 
all«oontalnlng,  <  pot,  all,  t  dechomai,  receive.] 
pan-demlc,  l  pan-dem'ik;  :.'  pan-dem'le,  a.    widely  opl- 

Gr.  M,  all.     )     (If mus.   people  | 

pan"ile-tiio'iii-iim,  |  l  pan'rL-nid'ni-nm; 2 pan'de-m6'- 

p.iii  <l;i'-iiio'iii-iiin,  j  iii-iiin,  a.    I.  The  place  ol  abode 

•  if  all  demons;  the  infernal  regions,    '£•  Qence,  any  place 

or  gathering  remarkable  tor  disordi  t  and  uproar     8,  A 

riotous  uproar.     |  <  pan-  +  Gr.  daimOn,  dl  1  i!  | 

pander,  l  paa'der;  B  p&n'der.  I.  n.  To  minister  to  the 
gratification  of  passions  or  prejudices  of  others.  II.  n. 
One  who  ministers  to  the  passions  or  base  desires  of 
others.  (<  Gr.  Pandaroa,  Paudarus,  Trojan  leader  ] 
pan  'der-aifc,  n.  The  aet.  prartise,  or  trade  of  pandering. 
— pan'der-lMii,  n      paii'dcr-ly},  o. 

I'an-do'ra,  i  pan-dO  1'ra,  n.  c,t.  Myih.  a  beauti- 

ful woman  sent  lo  eartli  by  the  gods  to  avenge  the  theft  of 
Bre  from  heaven  by  I'rometlieus;  she  brought  with  her  a  box 
whence  escaped  all  human  Ills,  while  hope  alone  remained. 
Bee  i  mil-  i  a 

pan 'dour,  (  i  pan'dflr;  2  pan'dnr,  n.    1.  a  Hungarian  foot» 

pan'dur,  \  soldier  of  a  class  formerly  dreaded  for  barbarous 
warfare;  any  inhuman  or  marauding  soldier.     'I.  One  of  the 

armed  servants  in  noble  households  In  <  Croatia  and  Blavonla. 
dur,  in  Hungary.]     pan 'door  t. 

pan-dow'dy,  1  pan-dau'dt;2  p&n-dow'dy,  n.  [-dies7-,  pi.]  A 
-  rt  made  of  baked  sliced  apples. 

pau-dn'ra,  1  pan-du're;  2  pan-<lu'ra,  n.  An  ancient  lute-like 
musical  Instrument       pan'du-rate,  n.     Flddle»shaped. 

pane,  1  pen;  2  pan,  n.  1.  A  piece  or  compartment,  par- 
ticularly if  flat  and  rectangular.  (1)  Most  commonly, 
a  piece  of  window»glass  tilling  one  opening  in  a  sash.  (2) 
rjuare  <;r  division  in  a  checker  pattern.  2.  A  flat 
surface,  as  on  an  object  having  several  sides;  a  panel. 
[<   l..r  pcmntU,  a  cloth  ] 

pan"e-K)T'ic,  1  pan'i-jir'ik; 2 p&n'e-gyVic.  La.  Elab- 
orately eulogistic  or  laudatory.  pail"e-KJT'l-oalt.  II. 
'.  formal  public  eulogy;  encotniuni;  laudation.  [< 
(;r.  panlovrUco  .  ol  an  assembly.]  Syn.:  see  bdloot;  praisk. 
pan"e-K>r'lst,  n.    A  euloglzer.-  pan'e-Ky-rlze,  it.  *  it. 

pan  el,  1  panel;  2  pan'el.  I.  vt.  [i'A.n'elkd  or  I'a.n'- 
i.i.i.Kii;  i-an'ki.-ini;  or  i>an'ki,-lin<;.]  1.  To  form  or 
divide  mto  panels.  2.  To  decorate  with  colored  panels. 
II.  'i.  1.  A  rectangular  piece  set  in  a  frame,  as  in  a  door, 
thinner  than  the  framing,  or  sunken  below  it,  as  a  win- 
dowpane;  by  extension,  any  sueh  piece,  even  if  raised 

■  the  j.-,  oeral  plain-;  loosely,  any  rectangular  space, 
truss     2.  One  or  more  pieces  of  a  different 

color  inserted  lengthwise  in  a  woman's  dn-ss-skirt.     .1. 

Art.  A  tablet  of  wood,  used  as  the  surface  for  an  oil* 

Jso,   tie-   picture  on  SUCfa   a    tablet.      4.    Law 

official  list  of  pet  one    ummoned  f  or  jurydutv.    [< 
I.' 'ot  pannux,  cloth.]— pan'el-liiK,  n.     pan'el-llngt- 
pane,  1  pan;  2  pang,  n.    A  sudden  and  poignant  pain;  a 

throe  of  bodily  or  menial  anguish.      [Mill.   i>rnn(/e;  cp. 
PROMO  ]     K.VLi.:  see  AMINV;  )'MS 
pin'lio-lln,  1  paii'u'o-lm;  2  pas'gO-On,  n.  A  scaly  ant-eater  of 

nd  Africa.    [Malay.]  [Greekrace. 

Pan"iHel-ien'le,  a.    of  or  relating  to  the  whole  Hellenic  or 
pan 'if1,  1  pan'ik;  2  panic  «     1.  A  sudden,  unreasonable 

overpowering   fear,   especially   when  affecting  a  large 

number  simultaneously.     2.  Com.  The  prevalence  of 

D  and  overpowering  alarm  or  distrust  in  financial 

or    commercial    circles,    precipitating    mercantile    and 


563 


1: 3=  final;    I  =  habit:    aisle; 
2:  wQlf,  do;   book,    boot;   full, 


au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    Tt-sino;    fhin.    this.        palllrt:- 
rjjle,   cure,    but,    bOrn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  paper 


Panniers. 


banking  failures:  also  used  adjectivally.     Syn.:  see  alarm; 

pear;  fright.— pan'ie=strlck"en,  pan'ic=struck",  a.— 

pan'lck-y,  a.  [Colloq.] 
pan 'if-,  n.     A  North=American  grass  used  for  forage.    [<AS. 

panic,  <   L.  panicum.  <    panis,  bread.]     pan'ic=grass"f. 
pan'i-cl(ep,  1  pan'i-kl;  2  p&n'i-el,  n.    A  loose  compound 

flower=cluster,  produced  bj'  irregular  branching. 
Pan-jab',  n.    Same  as  Punjab. 
pan'nier,  1  pan'yor;  2  pan'yer,  n.    1.  One  of  a  pair  of 

baskets  adapted  to  be  slung 

on  each  side  of  a  beast  of 

burden.      2.    A   basket   for 

carrying  a  load  on  the  back. 

3.  A  light  framework,  as  for 

extending  a  woman's  dress 

at  the  hips.  [<L.F  panarium, 

bread-basket.]  pan'iert. 
pan'nl-kin,  1  pan'i-kfn:  2  pan'- 

1-kin,  n.     1.  A  small  saucepan. 

2.  Naut.  A  tin  cup 
Pan-no 'ni-a,    1    pa-nO'm-a;    2 

pa-no'ni-a,  n.  An  ancient  Ro- 
man province  between  the 
Danube  and  Save  rivers. 

pan'o-ply,  1  pan'o-ph;  2pan'- 
o-ply,  n.  [-plies2,  pi.]  The 
complete  equipment  of  a  warrior:  often  figuratively. 
[<  Gr.  pas,  all,  +  hopla,  armor.] — pan'o-plled,  a.  Arrayed 
In  complete  armor. — pan'o-plist,  n.    A  panoplied  warrior. 

paii"o-ra'ma,  1  pan"o-r5'm3;  2  piin"o-ra'ma,  n.  1.  A 
series  of  large  pictures  representing  a  continuous  scene, 
or  a  series  of  scenes,  arranged  to  unroll  and  pass  before 
the  spectator.     2.  A  complete  view  in  every  direction. 

3.  A  cyclorama.  [  <  pan — \-  Gr.  horama,  sight,  <  horao, 
see.] — pan"o-ram'ic,  a. — panoramic  sight,  a  device  for 
seeing  over  intervening  objects,  for  use  by  marksmen. 

pan'sy,  1  pan'zi;  2  pan'gy,  n.  [pan'siesz,  pi]  A  species 
of  violet  having  blossoms  of  a  variety  of  colors  of  groat 
beauty.  See  tlower.  [  <  F.  pensee,  <  pensee,  pp.  of 
penser,  think.] 

pant-,  pan'ta-.    Same  as  pan-. 

pant,  1  pant;  2  pant,  v.  I.  t.  To  utter  gaspingly  or  con- 
vulsively. II.  i.  1.  To  breathe  hard  or  spasmodically; 
gasp.  2.  To  long  intensely;  yearn.  3.  To  heave,  with 
short  and  labored  breaths,  as  the  breast.  4.  [Poet]  To 
move  languidly,  as  a  faint  breeze.  [  <  F.  panteler,  pant, 
gasp.]     Syn.:  see  puff.— pant'Ing-ly,  adv. 

pant,  n.  A  short  or  labored  breath;  also,  a  quick  or  a  vio- 
lent heaving,  as  of  the  breast. 

pan 'fa-graph,  -Ic,  -i-eal.    See  pantograph,  etc. 

Pan-tag 'ru-el,  1  pan-tag'ru-el;  2  pan-tag'ru-cl,  n.  The  hero 
of  Rabelais's  work  of  that  name:  a  good  giant  prince. 

pan"ta-lets',  1  pan"ta-lets';2  pan"ta-lets',  n.  pi.  Long  draw- 
ers, formerly  worn  by  women  and  children.  [Dim.  <  PANTA- 
LOON.]    pan"ta-lettes'f. 

pan"ta-Ioon',  1  pan"ta-lun';  2  pan"ta-loon',  n.  1.  In 
pantomimes,  an  absurd  old  man  on  whom  the  clown 
plays  tricks.  2.  In  old  Italian  comedies,  an  old  dotard. 
3.  An  imbecile  or  feeble  old  man:  a  term  of  contempt.  [l'\] 

pan"ta-Ioons',  n.  pi.    Trousers. 

pan-ta'ta,  1   pan-td'ta;  2  pan-tii'ta,  n.  [Slang,  U.  S  |  One 
having  authority;  a  boss.    [Czech,  <  pan,  master,  mi:  tier, 
lata,  father.] 

pan-tech 'nl-con,  1  pan-tek'ni-kon;  2  pah-tfie'nl-eon,  n. 
[Eng.]  I.  A  general  depot  for  the  exhibition  and  sale  of  all 
kinds  of  manufactured  articles.  2.  A  van  for  moving  furni- 
ture.   [<  pan-  -+■  Gr.  technS,  art.) 

pan-tel'e-graph,  1  pan-tel'i-graf;  2  pan-tel'e-graf,  ».  Elee. 
An  instrument  for  transmitting  autographs,  drawings,  or  the 
like,  in  facsimile  by  telegraph.     (<   PAN-  +  TEIiBOBAPH.]— 

pan"te-leg'ra-phy,  n.  Elec.  Facsimile  telegraphy. 

pan'the-lsm,  l  pan'thi-izm;  2  pan'the-Ism,  _  n.  1. 
Philos.  The  form  of  monism  that  identifies  mind  and 
matter,  the  finite  and  the-  infinite,  making  them  mani- 
festations of  one  univei  :il  01  ab  oluti  b(  11  "  '-'■  I  Ic 
worship  of  all  the  gods,  as  in  polytheism.  [  <  pan-  -f 
thkism.]— pan'thc-isi,  a     pan"  thesis 'tic,  a  -Is'tl-calj. 

Pan'the-on,  1  pan'fhi-en;  2  pan'the-on,  ».  I.  A  circular 
temple  at  Home.  'i.  |p-]  The  deities  of  a  pi  ople,  taken 
collectively;  also,  a  treatise  on  all  the  gods,  3.  \  mau 
soleum  or  temple  commemorating  the  greal  1 1..,  <  (!r. 
pas,  all,  +  theos,  god.] 

pan 'flier,  1  pan'fhsr;  2  p&h'ther,  n.    1.  A  leopard,  espe- 
cially one  aark»colorea,  from  southern   \ 
other  large  feline  carnivore,  as  tic-   Noi 
puma.    See  illus.  in  next  column.   [-    Gi   panlhir,  p&n 
ther.]— pan'thcr-css,  v.fi-m. 

pan 'tile,  l  pan' tall;  2  pan'tn,  n.  a  tile  displaying  a  ourved 
cross-section,  making  laps  on  each  side  with  adjacent  tiles  of 
reverse  form.    [<  pan,  n..  5.  +  HUB  1 


Panther. 


pan'tlert,  n.    A  servant  in  charge  of  the  pantry. 

pan 'to-,  1  pan'to-;  2  pan'to-.    A  combining  form:  Bame 

as  pan-.  —  pan'to-grapli, 

pan'to-graf,  n.  An  inst  ru- 
tin al  for  copying  a  drawing 

<>r   diagram,  either   on    the 

same  scale  or  with  rcduc- 

ti  on  orincreasi 

-graph.]        pan 'fa-graph}. 

—  p  a  n  "  t  <»  -£&.  frM'.'^i? 

graph  'Ic,     o.^s^.      ^«* 

pan"ta- graph '- 

Ic  or  -i-caij; 

pan"to-  graph  '- 

I -calf.  —    pan- 

tog'ra-phy,  n.     1.  A  description  ot  an  object  as  a  whole. 

2.  The  act  or  art  of  using  the  pantograph, 
pan'tof-tlet,  n.    a  slipper,    pan 'to- Bet. 
pan'to-mime,  l  pan'tc-maim;  2  pan'to-mtm,  a,     1.    \ 

series  of  actions,  as  gestures  and  postures,  used  t..  ex- 
press^ ideas  or  convey  information.  2.  Tlmlt  til  \li\ 
play  in  which  the  actors  express  their  meaning  l>\  action 
without  dialog.  (2)  Class.  Antiq.  A  play  or  pari  ..I  a 
play  in  which  the  actor  used  gestures  or  movement  only, 
while  the  chorus  sang.  [  <  Gr.  pas,  till.  +  mimos,  imi- 
tator.]— pan"to-inini'lcor-i-cal,(/.     pan'to-nilm  i  i. 

pan'try,  1  pan'tn;  2  p&n'try,  n.  [pan'tries*,  pi.]  \ 
room  or  closet  in  which  to  keep  provisions,  etc.  [< 
L.LL  panis,  bread.)  [Abbr.  from  PANTALOONS  1 

pants,  1   pants;  2   pants.  »,   pi.    [Colloq.]   Trousers:  <! 

Pan-urge',  1  pan-firj'  or  (F.)  pa'niirj';  2  pan-urg*  ot  I  I 
niirzh'.  n.    In  Rabelais's  Pantaoruel,  the  boon  companion  of 
the  hero. 

Pan'za,  1  pan'zo  or  (Sp.)  pun'tha;  2  p&n'sa  or  [Sp.)  pan'taa, 
Sancho.  in  Cervantes's  Don  Quixote,  the  Bqulre  of  that 
knight.  Ilircast.      [<  Sw.  papp.  p:i|>  I 

pap1,  1  pap;  2  pap,  n.     A  teat;  nipple;  also,  the  whole 

pap2,  n.  1.  Any  soft  food  for  l>al>rs  2.  Weak  mental 
nourishment.  3.  Pulp,  as  of  fruit.  4.  [Slang)  'Die  Fees, 
favors,  and  privileges  of  public  office.  |  <  1..  papa, 
pappa,  Infants'  cry  for  food.] 

pa-pa'1,  1  pa-pa'  or  pa'pa;  2  pa-pa'  or  pa'pa,  n.  Father: 
said  for  tin-  most  part  by  or  to  children, 

pa'pa2,  1  pa'pa;  2  pa'pa,  n.  Bed.  1.  The  bishop  of  Home;  the 
Pope.  2.  A  parish  priest  of  the  Creek  Church.  [■  tir'i- 
papas,  father.)     pa'pasf. 

pa'pa-cy,  1  pe'pe-sf;  2  p&'pa-cy,  n.    1.  Tin-  office  of  the 
Pope  of  Rome.     2.  The  Roman  Catholii 
church   government,     [<    OF.    papacie,   ult, 
papas,  father.]— pa'pal,  a.    I.  Pertaining  to  the  papao]  or 
the  Pope.    2.  Assuming  Infallibility  or  supreme  authority. 

3.  Pertaining  to  the  Roman  (  atholic  <  'imn-ii,  pa  p.il-1-ni. 
n.    Papacy  as  a  system    -  pa  'pal-lsl,  ;i 

pa-pav'cr-ous,  i  ps-pav'ar-us;  2  pa-pav'er-us,  o.  Having 
the  properties  of jthe  poppy,    [<  L.  papaver,  popp]  I 

pa-paw',  1  pe-po'  or  pe'pe;  2  pa-pa'  or  papa,  n  I.  \ 
tropical  American   tne  >>>A,  *'--  >     _» 


of     the     passion-flower 

family.    2.  A  small  tree 
of     tin-    custard  appli 


ol       the     custard  apjile    Si'^'^^-.S^^MlirtJiy*  JV' 
family,   bearing   edible  ^WK^H^'sK^'^ *   %*' 
fruit.   pa-|>a'y;t|.    ,^. ,V^-?5: - ^AbV' 
[<     Sp.      papaya,       <  i *jjj^-.j£^i:^>-t2 '  *r$\"  '  '  -^ 
Malabar    /»; pulamuram.] 
paw 'pawt. 
pa 'per,  1   pS'] 

per.     I.  vt,     1.  To  pul 
paper  upon  in  any  w  aj  ; 

cover  wit  li   |  IS  pel         '.'. 

To  Bubjecl  to  any  operation  oy 

means  of  paper.    II.  a,    I.  Made 

ol  papei     '.'.  Enrolled,  di 

or stated  on  p 

on  paper,     III.  '/.     I. 

stance-  made  from  fibrous  matt    m, 

rial,  a  I    rags,  W I.  01    I ,  '■ 

i  bin    sh<  eta   oi      trip         '-■     \ 
sheet   or   a    web    ol    such    > 
or   written 

journal ;    Qi  u    pupcl  ."».     \    Writti 

v,.    Com       written   oi    printt  d    pl< 

to  paj      J.  A  package  in  ' 

,„,,,!,  T,       i,   papt/i  u  ;  sco  papti  ps  i"  '  ''  '"- 

p.i'pi-r-ir •.    p. •hanging,  n      I.    riu   tin  oi   pi 

,  tc  .  with  p  . 
tinted  or  dcci  •  ring  Interior  walls, 

ceilings,  etc     i>-  ^ ■■  )(•-.  '  ' "'  otl  i 

substance  for  outtlng  folded  li 
p,  money,     l<  Currenci  con  Istlng  ol  i •  ■  i ••  r  on  which 
i  values  ar<-  printed  "''••  "l 


l'al«iw- 


:i.    \   ; 
4.    \    pritiU  d 

.1    pri 


|>    Ip.M    I    111 

pardon 


.  ,  i. 

in,  fa*i,  »li#t.  ||U;  me\  get,  pr< 


.  «V   nnt,  or;   full.  rule;   hut.  t)Orn; 
11         !-•;   I  -  i\gA,  nAt,  Ar,  wAn,  564 


p       n  llllllll-. 

•  .  v 

l'.«     plll-.ltl. 
til        . 

isi  into  \  aiious 


pj-j.ii  i-.^n  i 

i 


r 


i-.i. 


,  ll'l-o-ns,'- 

.' 

huttcrtly.] 
immot)  butu 

I     I-..I1     III. 

pa-pll  la,  ptl'a.  n.    |-i..»     1    l    8  I    ;' 1    The 

ill  nlpplMlkc  protu- 
iatul<       pep'- 

ll-l  i-r>  .  [  >  >  1  •    1-1.  •  -,     .  [   in   I 

pap  U-loua 

i  ,i  i  ..ui-  Joseph  (1787 

pa  ptst, 

pi-pi-    ti-i  .il.  !>-»  —  !»■—  — 

i  a.         pa  put-n  •  monial  of  the 

p.i-i .  '.  •).  [Am.  Iml.]  A  North* 

I>.l|l-l>un    I 

•!.i-  it*  r  U»l. 
Pap  i"  n-ln-lm.    1    pap'en-halm;  8   pap'to-hlm,   Gottfried 
ii   uriiii.  urmfiii  rman  general. 

■  peculiar  limb  to  the 

■  ag  either  of  b 

teeti     ■   .;•  -   bristles, 

wi.  <  pappos,  grandfather.] 

pap'P>.  Bmbllng pap;  pulpy. 

-ka,  -ka;2pe'pr!-kg,n.    Aoondimentmade 

•ii     pa'pri-oaj. 
.  :-a  or  pftp'yu-a.  n.     1. 

•  rrltory  in  8   I 
'.40  sq.  m.:  pop.  272.000.— Pap 'u-an,  a.  i  rt. 
pap'u-la,  1  pap'yu-1.,:  2  p&p'yq-la.  n.     [-UB,  1  -II;  2  -1£,  pi] 

I'aifioi    An  Isolated  pimple.    [I-.|    pap'ul.:. 

p.i-p>    ru-.  j  ■      r&s.n.    (-hi,  1 -roi;  2 -ri, 

i .    .  •        .  ptians, 

';.  \  mannscripl  written 

•1.  nial  ruah'like  plant 

ly  having  stems  6  to  10  feet  high.    IF., 

paptrroj.  papyrus.] 

par,  ;  ty  «.f  value;  equivalence; 

pan-  1  quality   between  nominal   and 

■aid  to  I"-  at  par 

ilue  in  money,  abo\o 

p.ir  greater,  and  below  par 

-    '    iminal  value.      (2)   An  ac- 

.   with   whicl  ire  variations, 

mi  a  par,  on  a  level;  equal. 

i  words  from  the  French; 
I        -.  through.] 
-  ■  'I  in  certain  words  of 

logical, 
terms.    [  <  Gr.  para-. 

Paragraph,  parallel,  parenthesis. 


p.ir- 


p.ir- 

pai  i 


par.. 

paVrft',  n.     1.  An  estuary 
.  "  m  ,   12  to 
! 
I 
center  of  rubber    Indu  '..        .me    as 


I'.ri.. 

pai  'a>M  i 


par'a-lil  e  . 


Paraguay. 

1  par'»-bl:   2  par'a-bl.  rt.  &  rt. 

n  a  parable:  represent  allegorl- 

<  L.  I  mparlsoa, 


•   '    - 
BOOST. 

i-rab'o-la.  '.  •   -rab'o-lo;  2  pa-rtlb'o-la,  ^.|> , . 


i  pcadleulftr 



•  iralleJ  to '  ■»«•<«««•  "■ 

I  <    Gr.    piralioU;    see    parable]  — 
pa-rab  'o-lold,  n.  Malft.    A  solid  of  which  all  the  plane  sec- 


l  to  .i  certain  lino  are  parabolaa    l  i    -uin] 
pa-rma*o-lolMal,  a 

pa-mli'ielr.  l  \  ,  ..mpiirl- 

•     PARAMJ    | 
r  ii     i-litil    If.  -i      1  p.ir    .i-liul  '- 

i  - « .» i  .     I.  ling  to  or  having  the  form  of  a  parab- 

I'.ir     i-i  ,1   -u-.    !     i  ] 

in  in  ..f   riu<opltnuitu8  vi. ii  liniirii.iiiin,  ii  Bwlsa  alchemist 
■  .ii 
par"»-ren 'trie,  i  par*B-rjan'tnk;  Me,  a    Moth. 

i  to  or  fr.nii  the  center:  mild  of  motion,    par"a- 

irn'trl-.   .1 

i>  ir  .i-i  1 1 ii i •-,   ]    :                               i  but,   "      \  large 
umbrclla*ehaped  apparatus  for  retarding  the  d 
ol  i  bod)  through  the  air,  as  from  •  ball i.    [F  ] 

p.ir  .i-i  lit,-.  ]  pars-kllt;  2  paVa-elat,  a.  One  called  ti> 
the  aid  of  another,  especially  in  legal  process;  an  advo- 
henoe  (I'-J.  the  Holy  Spirit  as  the  helper  ..r  com- 
forter. (  <  t!r.  paroJUtfos,  ■  para,  tx  ide,  •  kaltO, 
call  (rendered  Comforter  in  John  \i\,  10,  etc.;  Advoeau,  l 
John  n.  l)J 

pa-ra<lr'.  l  pe-rtd';  Spa-rftd',  ».    I i-A-n.Mi'i  i)'1 ;  pa-rad'- 
ino  1    I.  i.    1.  Mil    I'.,  cause  to  assemble  ana  form  in 
full  OQuipmenf  for  b  parade     "-.  To  place  or  marshal,  as 
M-  or  tilings,  as  if  m  military  order.    S,  I  o  di  pi  iv 
in  a  preten!  ■■  nor,    II.  i     1.  mil. 

To  maneuver  f<  >r  display  or  inspection,  '■!.  To  promc- 
made  for  oonsplououa  display,    s.vn..  hit  flaunt. 

pa-radc',  n.  I.  Mil.  A.  marshaling  and  maneuvering  of 
troops  tor  display  or  official  in  paction;  a  review  '.'•  \ 
ceremonious  procession.  3.  A  ground  where  military 
reviews  are  held,  4.  [Eng.]  A  promenade  or  pubhc 
walk.  5.  A  Betting  forth  or  Bxrangemenl  of  pei  on  or 
things  for  display,   6.  Pompous  show;  ostentation.    [FM 

•  Bp.  parods,  ■  imrar,  halt,  <  L.  paro.  prepare]  Syn:  see. 
OBTBNTA1  ION;   BPI  I   PACLB. 

ilrr-s  parade  (Mil),  a  parade  of  troops  In  full  uni- 
form and  under  arms-   pa-rad 'er,  n. 
par'a-dlKin,  l  par'e-dim;  2  paVa-dlm,  n.    1.  Gram.  A 
model  for  the  inflection  of  a  class  of  words,  as  of  a  par- 
ticular  declension,    '-£•  A  pattern,    [<  Gr.  para,  beside, 

•  di  Utnitmi,  show.]  —  par"a-dlg-mat'lr||,  a. 
par'a-dise,  1  par's-dais;  2  para-dls,  n.    1.  [P-]  The  r-'ir- 

den  of  Kden.    'I.  Theol,  (1)  The  intermediate  plaee  or 

•a  In  to  the  souls  of  the  saved  awail  the  resurrection. 

(2)  Heaven.    S>  Any  region  or  Btate  of  surpassing  do- 

bght.    4.  Originally,  a  park  or  pleasure*ground.  (  <  Gr. 

■  l.so.5,  park.)  — par"a-dl-sl'a-eal,  a.     Pertaining  to  or 

of  the  nature  of  paradise;  supremely  beautiful  or  blissful. 

par"a-dl-sa'lc  or  -l-calt. 

Par'a-dl-e  Lost.  Par'a-dlse  Ee-galned'.     Epl»  poems  by 

John  Milton  deplctlnK  the  tall  and  redemption  of  man. 
par'a-dox,  l  pare-delcB;  2  paVa-doks,  n.  1.  A  statement 
or  expression  seemingly  absurd  or  self»contradietory  in 
it  -  terms,  but  perhaps  really  true.  2.  A  statement  es- 
.-entially  absurd  and  false.  [<  (Ir.  pararloxon,  <  para- 
Incredlble.]     Syn.:  see  riddle-  par"a-dox'l-cal,  a. 

1.  Of  the  nature  of  a  paradox,  'i.  Prone  to  paradox.  Syn.: 
see  AiisritD.  —  par"a-dox"l-caI'l-ty,  n.  par"a-dox'l-«al- 
n  ess ; .  -  -  ■  par"a-dox  '1-cal-ly,  adr. 

par'af-fln,  1  par'o-fin;  2  pir'a-fln,  n.  I.  rf.  To  treat, 
usually  by  heat,  with  paraffin,  par'af-fln-lzej.  II.  n. 
A  translucent,  waxy,  solid  substance,  a  mixture  of  hy- 
drocarbons, rich  in  carbon  and  indifferent  to  most 
chemical  reagents:  derived  principally  in  the  distillation 
of  petroleum.     [<  F.  paraffinr]     par'af-filie*. 

par"a-go'ge,  1  par*a-Ko'Ji:  2  p4r*a-i:o'iic.  n.  Uhct.  The  addi- 
tion of  a  meaningless  sound  at  the  end  of  a  word.  [IX.,  <  Gr. 
paragOgi,  <  pum,  beyond,  -f-  ayO,  lead.]  —  par"a-gog'lc,  a. 

par'a-gon,  1  par'a-gon;  2  par'a-«6n,  r.  I.  t.  1§.  To  compare 
With  or  equal.  2}.  To  hold  up  as  a  pattern.  3t.  To  hold 
equal.     4t.  To  surpass.     lit-  <■     To  presume  to  compare. 

par'a-gon,  1  par's-gen;  2  rJaVa-S5n,  n.  1.  A  model  of 
ezceuence.  «.  Prvnt.  A  size  of  type:  about  3j  lines  to 
the  inch:  2f>point.    3||.  A  match  or  rival.    [OF.] 

par'a-graph, )  1  parVgraf;  2par'a-graf.    I*.  rt.    l.Toar- 

par'a-graf",  )  range  in  a  paragraph  or  paragraphs.  2.  To 
comment  on  in  a  paragraph.  II.  n.  1.  A  short  passage 
in  a  written  or  printed  discourse,  begun  on  a  new  line. 

2.  In  a  newspaper,  a  short  article.  3.  A  mark  (H)  used 
to  indicate  where  a  paragraph  is  to  be  begun,  or  as  a 
reference*mark.  [<  Gr.LL+*'  parai/raphos,  line  in  the 
margin.]— par'a-graph"er,  n.  A  writer  of  newspaper  para- 
graphs, par'a-graph-lstt.— par"a-graph'lc,  a.  para- 
graph 'l-oall. 

Par'a-guay,  1  par'.virwr-:  2  par'a-fcwft.  rt.  1.  A  republic  In 
South  America;  172.000  sq.  m.;  pop.  752,000:  capital,  Asun- 
eton  Z.  A  river  In  S  I.  South  America;  1,420  m.  to  the 
Parana  river.— Par'a-guay"an,  a.  &.  n. 


_„_     1: 3  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell:    10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    rj  =  siri0;    fhin,   this,     papcsoont 
565     2:wplf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.  pardon 


"al-lel"e-pl  'ped ,  par"al-lel"o-pi '-    ^ 

I,  n.  A  prism  whose  six  faces  are  f  ■  •  {  —f 
allelograms.  par"al-lel"o-plp'e-  1^"  ~T, 
\\.— par'al-lel-lsm,  n.     1.  Parallel      


par'al-lax,  1  par'a-laks;  2  par'a-laks,  n.  1.  Aslron.  Such 
difference  of  position,  as  of  a  star,  as  would  appear  if  the 
object  were  viewed  from  two  points.  It  is  diurnal 
parallax  when  due  to  the  change  of  place  of  the  ob- 
server caused  by  the  earth's  rotation ;  annual  p.,  when 
the  observer's  change  of  place  is  due  to  the  earth's  mo- 
tion around  the  sun.  2.  Any  apparent  displacement  of 
an  object  due  to  an  observer's  position.  [  <  Gr.  para, 
beside,  -f  allasso,  make  otherwise.] — par"al-lac'tic,  a. 
par "al-l ac 'ti-cal I •  —  par"al-lac  'ti-cal-ly ,  adv. 

par'al-lel,  1  par'a-lel;  2  par'a-lel.  I.  it.  [-leled  or  -lelled; 
-lel-ing  or  -lel-ling.]    1.  To  be  a  parallel  to  or  match  for. 

2.  To  place  in  a  parallel  position.  3.  To  place  in  comparison 
with.  4.  To  furnish  a  parallel  or  match  for.  II.  a.  1.  Geom. 
Not  meeting  or  intersecting  how  far  soever  extended:  said  of 
straight  lines  or  planes.  2.  Having  lines  or  surfaces  lying  in 
the  same  or  approximately  the  same  direction.  3.  Having  a 
like  course;  conforming  in  action.  4.  Essentially  alike;  simi- 
lar. III.  n.  1.  A  line  extending  in  the  same  direction  with 
and  equidistant  at  all  points  from  another  line.  2.  Essential 
likeness.  3.  A  comparison  tracing  similarity,  as  between 
persons.  4.  A  counterpart.  5.  Any  person  or  thing  ranked 
as  equal  to  another;  a  match.  6.  A  trench  dug  parallel  to  the 
outline  of  a  fortification.  7.  Print.  A  reference-mark  (||). 
8.  A  degree  of  latitude.  [<  Gr.  para,  beside,  +  allelon,  of 
one  another.]  Syn.:  see  compare 
par" 
ped, 

parallelograms 
don; 
position.    2.  Essential  likeness;  analogy.      Parallelepiped. 

3.  Similarity  of  construction  In  succes- 
sive passages  or  clauses,  as  in  Hebrew  poetry.  4.  A  parallel 
or  comparison. — par"aI-lel'o-jjram,  n.  1.  A  four-sided 
plane  figure  whose  opposite  sides  are  parallel.  Including  the 
square,  rectangle,  rhomb,  and  rhomboid.  2.  Any  area  or 
object  having  such  form:  often  specifically  applied  in  pop- 
ular usage  to  an  oblong  or  elongated  rectangle. 

pa-ral'o-gism,  1  pa-ral'o-jizm;  2  pa-ral'o-glsm,  n.  Logic.  A 
fallacy  in  reasoning  of  which  the  reasoner  is  unconscious; 
any  false  reasoning.  ( <  Gr.  paralogismos,  <  para,  beside, 
+  logos,  reason.]    pa-ral'o-gyt.     Syn.:  see  sophistry. 

pa-ral'y-sls,  1  pa-ral'i-sis;  2  pa-ral'y-sis,  n.  1.  Partial  or 
complete  loss  of  the  power  of  contracting  the  muscles 
and  sometimes  of  the  power  of  perceiving  sensations; 
palsy.  2.  Loss  of  power  in  general.  [L.,  <  Gr.  para, 
beside,  +  lyo,  loosen.) — par"a-lyt'ic.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to 
or  affected  with  paralysis.  II.  n.  A  person  subject  to  or 
suffering  from  paralysis. — par'a-lyze,  it.  1.  To  make  para- 
lytic. 2.  To  deprive  of  the  power  to  act.  par'a-lysej. 
Syn.:  see  weaken. — par'a-lyz"er  or-lys"er,  n.  par'a-ly"- 
zant  or  -ly"sant}. — par'a-ly-za'tlon  or  -sa'llon,  n. 

par"a-mag-net'ic,  1  par"a-mag-net'ik;  2  par"a-mag-net'ic 
I.  a.  Elet.  Exhibiting  magnetic  polarity  in  the  same  direc- 
tion as  the  magnetizing  force.  II.  n.  A  magnetic  sub- 
stance. 

Par"a-mar'l-bo,  1  par'a-mar'i-bo;  2  par"a-mar'i-bo,  n.  A 
seaport  city,  capital  of  Dutch  Guiana;  pop.  35.100. 

par'a-morph,  1  par'a-merf;2  par'a-morf,  n.  A  pseudomorph 
having  the  same  chemical  composition  as  the  mineral  that  ii 
simulates.  [<  para-  +  Gr.  morphB,  shape.]  par"a-mor'- 
phlc,  par"a-mor'phous,  a. — par"a-mor'phlsm,  rt. 
Mineral.  The  alteration  of  one  mineral  to  another  having 
the  same  chemical  composition,  hut  other  mo  lei  ular  :  t  rue 
ture  and  physical  properties.     par"a-inor-plio'sls!. 

par'a-mount,  1  par'a-maunt;  2  paVa-mount,  a.  I.  Pos- 
sessing the  highest  title.  2.  Superior  to  all  others;  su- 
premely controlling.  [OF.,  <  par,  through,  +  amount, 
amonl,  amount.] 

Syn.:  chief,  eminent,  foremost,  preeminent,  principal, 
superior,  supreme. — Ant.:  Inferior,  minor,  secondary,  sub- 
ordinate.— par'a-mount-cy,  n.  The  condition  of  being 
paramount. — par'a-mounl-ly,  adv. 

par'a-mour,  1  par'a-mQr;  2  pilr'a-mur.  n.  One  who  unlaw- 
fully takes  the  place  of  a  husband  or  wife.  [<  OF.  par 
amour;  par,  by;  amour,  love.]    par'a-mourt. 

Pa"ra-na',  1  pu"ra-nu';  2  pii'Til-iiii',  n.  A  river  In  S.  E,  Brazil 
and  Argentine  Republic;  2,000  m.  to  the  Plata. 

par"a-nol'a,  1  par*8-nel'8;  2  pafa-ndl'a,  u.  <  ihronlc  mental 
unsoundness,  hereditary  or  acquired;  ometlmes  mono 
mania.  [<  Gr.  paranoia.  <  para,  beside,  I  »«•".  think.] 
— par"a-no'lc,  a.  &n.    par"a-nol  'ac  | . 

par'a-pct,  1  par'e-pet;  2  par'a-pSt.  "      I.    \  low  wall 
about  the  edge  of  a  root,  terrace,  bridge,  fortil 
etc.    2.  A  breastwork.    [F.,  <  It.  parapetto,  brea 
<  parare(<  L,.pam,  prepare),  guard,   I   petto  (      L.peetiu), 

breast. I     S.vn.:  gee  BARRIER       par 'a-pel-ed,    | 

par"a-pher-na'li-a,  1  par"e-for-n8/li    ■   pai 
n.  pi.    1.  Miscellaneous  article    of  equipment  oi 
incut ;  appendag    .  trapping       '-'•  Law.   Personal     rti 

eles  reserved   t0  a   wife  over  ami  above  her  dowir.      [< 

Gr."-  para,  beyond,  -I-  pherO,  bring.] 


Parbuckle. 


par'a-phrase, )  1  par'a-frez;  2  par'a-fras.     I.  n 

par'a-frasep,  J  [-phrased;  -PHRAS'inq.]  To  reproduce 
the  sense  of  in  other  terms.  11.  n,  1.  A  restatement  or 
free  translation  of  a  passage  or  work.  2.  Specifically. 
in  the  Scottish  churches,  a  poetieal  version  oi  a  pas- 
sage of  Scripture.  [F.,  <  Gr.L  poro,  beaid 
say.]— par'a-pUras"er,  n. — par"a-p!iras'tlc,  ,:.-  Pertain- 
ing to  paraphrase,    -ti-cal;. — par"a-plira>'ti-ral-ly,  adv. 

par"a-ple'gi-a,  1  par*a-p!i'ji-i>;  2  par*a-ple'gi-a,  n.  Paralysis 
of  the  lower  half  of  the  body,  due  to  disease  or  Injury  of  the 
spinal  cord.  [<  Gr.  paraplegia,  <  para,  beside,  +  pllSSO 
(V  pliO),  strike.]    par'a-ple"g>  X- 

par"a-quet,  par"a-qui'to,  n.    A  parral., 

par'a-sang,  1  par'a-sarj;2  par'a-sang,  rt.  A  Persian  and  Turk- 
ish road»measure,  reckoned  at  3.88  m.,  but  varying  with 
time  and  place.    [<  Gr>  parasangls,  <  Per.  farsana.] 

par"a-se-le'ne,  1  par*9-si-ll'nl;  2  par*a-ee-l8'n6,  n.  [  sv.  1 
-nl;  2  -ne,  pi.)  Meteor.  A  mock  moon  appearing  on  a  lunar 
halo.     [<  para-  +  Gr.  stlent.  moon.l 

par'a-site,  1  par'a-suit;  2  paVa-alt,  n.  1.  {1)  A  living 
organism,  either  an  animal  or  :i  plant,  that  lives  on  or  in 
some  other  organism,  from  which  it  derives  nourish- 
ment. (2)  A  bird  that  lays  its  eggs  in  the  nesl  of  an- 
other. (3)  An  animal  thai  steals  the  food  of  another. 
2.  An  obsequious  sycophant  who  lives  at  another's  ex- 
pense. [<  Gr.  para,  beside,  +  sitos,  food.]  — par"a- 
sit'ic,  a.  1.  Living  on  or  in  another  organism;  pertaining  to 
parasites.  2.  Sycophantic.  par"a-slt  'l-call.  par"a-slt '- 
i-cai-ly,  adv.— par'a-sl-tlsin,  n.  The  state  or  condition  of 
being  a  parasite. 

par'a-sol,  1  par'a-sol;  2  par'a-sol,  n.  A  small,  light  um- 
brella carried  by  women;  a  sunshade.     [FJ 

par'boil,  1  par'boil;  2  par'boil,  rt.      1.  To  boil  partially. 

2.  To  raise  vesicles  on  the  skin  of  by  means  of  heat.    [  < 
L.of  per,  through.  +  bulllo,  boil] 

par'buck'ie,  1  par'buk"l;2  p:ir'buk*l,  ;;.    1.  A  purchase  made 
by   looping   a  rope   In    the 
middle  to  aid  (1)  In  rolling 
casks,  etc.,   up  or  down  an 
incline,   or    (L'l    in   furling  a  f^MLX;-^*! 

sail  by  rolling  the  yards.  2.  ^-Jk 
A  sling  made  by  passing  ^^alt 
both  ends  of  a  rope  through  ^^flf? 
Its  bight.     [<   par,   a.,    + 

BUCKLE',  V.) 

Par'cae,  1  pdr'si;  2  piir'cc.  rt. 

pi.    The   three   Fates.    See 

Fate,  2. 
par'cel,  1  par'sel;  2par'c£l. 

1.  Vt.    [-CELED  Or  -CELLED, 

-celd";  -cel-ing  or  -cel-linq.]    1.  To  divide  int 

or  shares;  distribute:  generally  with  out  or  into      '.'.    I 
make  up  into  a  parcel.     3.  Nant.  To  w  rap  cam  a 
around;  cover  witli  canvas  strips.    II.  n.     I.   Anything 
wrapped  up;  a  package;  bundle,    'i.  An  integral  part. 

3.  A  group  or  lot.  i tposed  oi  an  indefuuti   mi'. 

quantity;  as,  a  parcel  of  rascals     4.   \  distinct  portion, 
as  of  land.    Ill  >  adv.     Partly;  partially:  probably  an 
elliptical  use  of  the  noun,    |-    v  parcelu,  •     I    ' 
ticula;  see  particle.]    par 'eel  gilt".  <•      iv  r    nit 

par'cel'POSt",  n.     A   branch  ot  the  p.. 

to  the  carriage  "M  delivery  ot  parcels   i  itabllslicd  In  the 

I    niie, |  Slab",  Jan    I.  I'M;; 

par'ce-ner,  i  pflr'ai-nor; ;:  par'ce  di  < .  n 

[OF..    <    L.  parttt  pai  '( c- 

na-ry,  n.    Sami I         ' 

pari'll',   1   ]iiirili;  2  parch,    tt    A    n .      To  mat 

dry ,  I  Me  ime  dry;    i 
parch 'ment,  1  porcTi'ment  or -mentj  2 1  '• 

Sheep  I- in.  ■  te  .  polished  wil  h  punui  i     tone  for  v 

2.  \  formal  « riting  on  p  irohnu  "t      I       I 
<  Gr.  Pergamon,  Pi 

pur'cl-mo-ii) ,    1    pal 
- 1,  u  In  qi  iptloi 

PARBIMONl  1 

pard1  , 1  pflrd;2  pttrd,  n.    A  leopard:  panther 

pard  ',  n.   [Slang,  I  ■  hum 

par"dl',  1  >lf . '._"  patMi 

ular  oath     n  .   •     i     per,  by,  +  I 

p.ir-ilec'1. 

par 'don,  i 

ot,  forego;  I cu* 

ive  ] 

Syii 

but  h  do  omclnllj  ■■ 

„    le.     II,.'    pi  I 

■ 

pom  in,,.  i,t    tie    foro  ten 
favor,    To  yardon  •     • 


|>  ir.l.'U 

|.   -ft 


I  \ 


ii..  |      ..    |      i.     rfl      I  in.  b On, 

i  ..     ..  .  in.  woo 


566 


l,        •■  .  ,«      ~      >         1-k'      -lit.  I..'.      \  I  1'ir    . I..  1 1 -.1-1. 1    .  ■    . 

vi.MAI        par  .li.ii- 
|.  \r  .1.111-.  r.    .       I 

par  don.  i     I.  '-'•  ' 

!. 

.-.   for- 
romo\  ol 

'  ihc  executl\ .'. 
\  :i.-.-<i  not  plead 

mr  law  s 
.  -ant  a  panto; 
baa* 

.   ami  \  Irtually  forgctllng  un 

•  fore  the  law  In  all  re- 

brlnga 

Indlvld- 

.  ..-.-  said  of  k'rei.t  numl.ers 
.■   .".•.-■   a;.;.'..-,!   •..  the  uriluiary  administration  ol  law; 

il   and   military   aff.'. 
twtoQi  to  Issued  ■  urrectlon,  or  rebellion;  it  la 

ami   In. 'hull's  a  full 

■  « ithin  h.s  provlsloii 
tviution  to  ..  nonytns  for   \n- 

,-  oalty;  as.  the 

■  ■• .  punishment,  retaliation, 

Pre]        \    pardon   /"  <  >r  for   the 

oO<m.  rilon  o/  offenders  or  i 

m.i.i     per'd>t. 

par.  .  i-iu'iN.,  ]    1.  To  ''lit  ..fT  a 

'.'.   1'..  ili- 
ften  with 
par  'it,        paring, 

P  tr    •  --  Of    II  .    .  i-i'.r'ir.   n.      A   ih.m1i- 

mphorated  tincture 
ira»;iiiK,  soothing  ] 
parYl-.  Mif.L. 

rii>-ma.  :  rfin/ey-ma,  n 

landular  and  other  organs, 

.  ;.  ..f  fruits.     (  <   (Jr.  pur,  n- 
.  ma.  Infusion,  <  en.  In,    • 

pj-r.  n.  h>  im:.      par 'eii-tli>  ill  'a-lolls,     ■ 

1.  \  father  or  •>.  mother, 
nothi  r;  a  producer; 
.-  : 

par'ent-age,  n.    1 .  The  relation  of  parent 

'.'.   I  i.    .-.'lit  or 
pi-r.-n'tal,  a.    Pertaining  to 
or  characteristic  of  a  pari:.-      -I>. 

i lo  --i -.  2    pa-rSa'thi  - 

l .  rted  in  a  sentence  that  is 

•    without  it.  separated  usually 

•    para, 
ii.ir'Vii-ihri  l-eal, 
i  I.       oundlng  In  parent  he- 

sea.    1.  p.ir"iii-llnt 'lc;.     par"en- 

th«'t   l-<  .1-1 

-  ■  i -.  ■  ■    ■  \  --i-  or  pa-i 

..d  paralysis  affecting  muscular  motion   ' 

p  i-r.  I    lr.  p  i-r.  (    I-.   ,l-l>  . 

par  n"i  ■•  I'  I.  in  .  '.  I. 

IF.] 
par'f;.  ' 

par 'get, 

:  ■  .  ■      |       ll, 

par'get-ing,  n     I,  P 

•  or   ptastepawork  In  relief. 

i.  2. 
par-he  11-on,  1  por-hl'li-on  m  -tuVyan;  2  pjir-lie'll-dn  nr  -h.'l'- 
[-Li-\.  pi )    a  moek  sun.  appearing  in  connection 
with  solar  halon.  <!  .  '.r.  part- 

lion,    <  para,  beside,  +  hiiioi,  sun.l    par-lie'll-urnj. 


Pa'rl-;%h.  pa  |n-o;  2  |)  ..      |  tnglo* 

1 1>< I  I    i.  :  uon*Bruiim 

!      '-'•  !p  |    \  I  lindu 
i         j     I'.i  i  i    i 
l'j»  rl-an,    1    ;  I  |n|na  ,,, 

1  ■    i"  dull)   ..f   ii  , 

mbllnfl  the  marble  ol 
pa  ii.  -i.il.  i  pa  roi  i-tal;    8  pa-rl'i   Uil,  n    I.  I',  rtaining 
t..  the  w.i 

..-.■  within  «  |  college 

I  ,v  :ill  | 

I.  rhi   in  ol  i  iittlng  off  the 

I.  V         li       crap 

p. i  n  paa'sU)  i  I-    •    pa  u     w  Itb  equal  paoo 

or  movement;  in  like  proportl 

P  >i  i  -  .  <■  •    \h,t>.    s..ii  of  King  Priam,  of 

Appealed  toby  the  three  goddi         Hera  tphrodltc, 

\i in  na.  t..  decide  » iii.h  v  i   bi  autlful,  ho 

award.. i  the  golden  apple  deciding  thl    to  tphrodltc    who 

promised  him  the  most  beautiful  woman  In  tin-  world  for 

Ife     \\  itii  her  help  he  carried  <nt  Helen,  causing  the 

Trojan  war 

Paris  .  1  par/is  at  (F.)  pn'rl';  B  |  \ 

Ihc  Belnc   pop    2,888, 100     bi  Hi  .1 

by  ti"  March  30  31,   1918      Pa-rl'alan,  a  i  n 

par'lsb,  l  pai  V  n  ligiou 

worshiping  in  one  church;  also,  the  distriol  in  which 
they  live;  an  ecclesiastical  .li>irii-i  i,  be- 

side,   •   ■■ii."  .  bouse.]    pa-ri-iriiui-.il.  a,    Pertalnlo 

parish       pa-rlsh   li.n-ir ,  n       A    member  Of  S   i 

ii  i  r"i-->  i-i.i  ii  'if.  i  par"i-sa-lab'ik;  Ib'lc,  a     Hav- 

ing the  s;iinc  number  of  syllables     |       i     par,  equal!    I 

BTLLABIi        |iar"l-s)l-lab'l-eal;. 
|iar'l-lur»,  n      An  apparitor. 

pur'l-l),  1  p.ir'i-ii,  2  par'i-ty,  n .  1.  Equality,  as  of  con- 
dition or  rank:  equal  value,  'i.  Logic.  Perfect  analogy. 
;      i.  i '    i  par,  equal  i .  si  imsTBi . 

park,  1  park;  2  park.    I*.  til     1.  To  enclose  in  a  park,    2. 

i     oollecl  or  mass  together;  as,  to  park  artillery,    II.  n. 

l.    \  trad  ol  land,  generally  large  :m< I  enclosed,  set 

rnamenl  oi  recreation.    '-.  An  open,  oham- 

fiai^n  oountry,  II.  A  picturesque  sparsely  wooded  val- 
:  plateau  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  4.  [Scol  |  \ 
cultivated  Beld;  paddock.  5.  Mil.  (It  An  enclosure 
w  here  .'mimal  i,  guns,  wagons,  etc  ,  are  placed  for  Bafety. 
_' i  \  complete  train  of  cannon,  including  gunners)] 
equipment,  ammunition,  etc.  [  <  F,  pare,  park] 
Park,  nnngo  (1771  1806).  A  Scottish  tfrlcan  explorer. 
Par'ker,  l  par'ker;  8  parOcer,  »     I.  sir  (Horatio)  <;ilbert 

1  sr.L'  |,  a  I   :n  iai  I  la  n  novelist  anil  dramatist ;  Tin   lilahl 

■■i   Way.     t.  Matthew    (1604   1676),  an   English  prelate; 

archbishop  of  Canterbury,  1669  1676,    S.  Theodore  (1810 

I860),    an    American    Unitarian   clergyman,    lecturer,   and 

abolitionist 
Park 'man,  1  park/man;  :i  piirk'man,  Francis  (1823-1893). 

\n  American  historian. 
Pari.,    ibr.    Parliament,  parliamentary. 
parlance,  1  paVlans;  2  parTang,  n.    Mode  of  speech' 

language;  phrase;  also,  conversation,    [OF.,  <  parlant, 

ppr.  of  jnirl,  r,  speak.] 

parley,  1  ptir'li ;  2  party.    1. 1  i.    1.  To  hold  a  conference, 

..ilk  with  an  enemy.    *'.  To  prolong  talk;  dispute! 

argue     II.  «     1.  Vn  oral  conference,  as  with  an  enemy 

'I.  Mutual  discourse,     [<  F.  parler,  speak.]     parlef* 

I  ION. 

par 'lia-ment,  l  por'h-ment  or  -msnt;  2  p&r'li-ment,  n 
1.  \  legislative  body,  espi  daily  [I'-]  the  supreme  legis- 
lature of  Great  Britain,  of  her  colonies.  2. 
|I'-J  In  France,  one  of  several  tribunals  of  justice.  |< 
i  parlement,  Bpeaklng,  <  parler,  speak.]-  I/mir  Parlia- 
ment, the  Parliament  which  assembled  Nov.  3,  1640,  and 
secured  the  king's  assent  to  an  act  providing  that  it  should 

not  be  dissolved  but  by  Us  own  consent;  known  as  the 
Rump    Parliament    aft.-r   all    but    the    Independents   had 

been  excluded  by  "Prides  Purge,"  1648;  forcibly  expelled 
by  Cromwell,  1663:  restored,  1659,  and  Anally  dissolved  by 
its  own  consent,  March,  I860.     par"lla-inen-ta'rl-aii,  n. 

I.  One  Versed   In  parliamentary  law  and  usages.     'I.  \V-\  A 

rter  ol  the  Long  Parliament  In  Its  contests  with  tie- 

par"lla-men'ta-rj ,  a       1.    Pertaining    to    a 
ment.     'I.  According  to  the  rules  of  Parliament;  ad- 

ble  in  a  deliberative  assembly. 
parlor,  1  parler;  2  parlor,  n.    l.  [TJ   S  ]  \  guestroom; 

drawing-room.     'i.  [Eng.]  A  family  rittingTOOm  or  tin- 

liki-     II  parler,  speak.]    par'lourj. 

par'lous    ,  ]  iKir'ln-;  2  par'lu-'.  n.     Perilous, 

Par 'ma,  l  par'nia;  :.'  par'ma.  n.    1.  Duke  of,  see  Fabnebe. 

:.  \  province  and  former  duchy  of  n.  Italy;  1,260  »n    m . ; 

pop  340,060     8.  Its  capital,  where  the  AuBtrians  and  Rus- 

defeated  the  French,  June  19,  1799. — Par"me-san', 

a     Par-mese';. 


l:a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au=out;    ell;    Iu  =  fewd;    cliin;    go;    n~s\ng;    thin,   this. 
567       2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   r||le,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    tliid. 


pardon 
part 


Par-nas'sus,  1  par-nas'us:  2  par-nas'us,  n.     A  mountain  in 

central  Greece,  anciently  regarded  as  sacred  to  Apollo  and 

the  Muses. — Par-nas'st-an,  a. 
Par-nell',  1  pcir-nel'  or  par'nel;  2  par-nel'  or  par'nel,  n.     1. 

Charles  Stewart  (1846-1891),  an  Irish  politician;  leader  of 

the  Home  Rule  party.    2.  Thomas  (1679-1718),  a  British 

minor  poet. 
pa-ro'chi-al,  1  pa-ro'ki-el;  2  pa-ro'ei-al,  a.     Pertaining 

to,  supported  by,  or  confined  to  a  parish.    [OF.,  <  LL. 

parochia,  for  paraecia;  see  parish.] — pa-ro'chl-al-ism,  n. 

1.  Government  or  control  by  a  vestry  or  parochial  board. 

2.  Narrowness  of  view;  provincialism. 

par'o-chin,  1  par'o-shin;2  par'o-chin,  n.  [Scot.]  A  parish. 

par'o-dy,  1  par'o-di;  2  par'o-dy.  I.  vt.  [-died;  -dy-ing.] 
To  make  a  parody  of ;  travesty.  II.  n.  [-dies2,  pi.]  A 
burlesque  composition  imitating  some  serious  work;  a 
travesty;  also,  that  class  of  literature.  [<  Gr.  para, 
beside,  +  ode,  song.]  Syn.:  see  caricature. — par'o-dist,  n. 

par'o-kef't,  n.    Same  as  parrakeet. 

pa-rol',  1  pa-rol';  2  pa-rol',  a.  Law.  1.  Given  by  word  of 
mouth;  oral.    2.  Written  but  not  under  seal.    pa-role'J. 

pa-role',  1  pa-rol';  2  pa-rol'.  I.  vt.  [pa-roled';  pa-rol'- 
ing.]  To  release  on  parole.  II.  n.  1.  Mil.  (1)  A  pledge 
of  honor  by  a  prisoner  that  he  will  not  seek  to  escape  or 
will  not  serve  against  his  captors  until  exchanged.  (2) 
The  watchword  used  by  the  officers  of  a  guard.  2.  Law. 
An  oral  statement.  pa-rol'}.  3.  [F.]  Word  of  honor. 
[<  F.  parole,    <  L.  parabola,  word;  see  parable.] 

par"o-no-ma'sl-a,  1  par"o-no-me'si-a  or  -31-a;  2  par"o-no- 
ma'si-a  or  -zhi-a,  n.  Rhet.  A  play  upon  words,  especially  as 
dependent  upon  similarity  of  sound.  [L,.,  <  Gr.  parono- 
masia, <  para,  beside,  +  onoma,  name.] 

par'o-nym,  1  par'o-nim;  2  par'o-nym,  n.  Gram.  1.  A  word 
derived  from  another,  as  priesthood  from  priest,  or  civil  from 
the  Latin  civilis.  2.  One  of  two  words  having  similar  sound, 
but  differing  in  spelling  and  meaning,  as  ale  and  ail.  [<  F. 
paronyme,  <  Gr.  paronymos,  <  para,  beside,  +  onyma, 
name.] — pa-ron'y-mous,  a.  Having  the  nature  of  a  par- 
onym.   par"o-nym'ict.  [form. 

par'o-quet,  1  par'o-ket;  2  par'o-ket,  n.    Parrakeet:  the  old 

Pa'ros,  1  pe'res;  2  pa'r6s,  n.  An  island  in  the  Grecian  Archi- 
pelago; 64  sq.  m.;  the  source  of  Parian  marble;  pop.  12,000. 

pa-rot 'id,  1  pa-re t'ld;  2  pa-rot'id.  I.  a.  Situated  near 
the  ear.  II.  n.  A  salivary  gland  below  the  ear.  pa- 
ro'tist.     [  <  Gr.L  para,  beside,  +  ous  (ot-),  ear.] 

-parous,  suffix.  Giving  birth  to;  bearing;  producing;  as. 
oviparous,  viviparous.    [<  L.  pario,  produce.] 

par'ox-ysm,  1  par'eks-izm;  2  par'oks-ysm,  n.  1.  A 
periodic  attack  of  disease;  a  fit.  2.  Sudden  and  violent 
excitement  or  emotion,  as  of  anger;  a  convulsion  of  any 
kind.  [<  Gr.  para,  beside,  +  oxys,  sharp.]  Syn.:  see  agony; 
pain.— par"ox-ys'mal,  a.  1.  Relating  to,  of  the  nature  of, 
or  characterized  by  a  paroxysm.  2.  Geol.  Resulting  from 
convulsive  action  of  natural  forces.  par"ox-ys'mlc{. — 
par"os-ys'mal-ly,  adv. 

par-ox  'y-tone,  1  par-oks'i-ton;  2  par-6ks'y-ton.  I.  a.  Hav- 
ing the  acute  accent  on  the  penultimate  syllable.  II.  n.  A 
word  thus  accented,  as  ly'kos.  [  <  Gr.  paroxylonos,  <  para, 
beside,  +  oxys,  sharp,  +  teino,  stretch.] 

par-quet',  1  pdr-ke'  or  -ket';  2  par-kg'  or  -k5t',  n.  [U.  S.] 
1.  The  main=floor  space  behind  the  orchestra  of  a  thea- 
ter; sometimes,  the  whole  lower  floor.  2.  Parquetry. 
[F.,  enclosure.]  par-quette'}.—  par'quet  clr'ele,  the 
section  of  theater  seats  at  the  rear  of  the  parquet  and  under 
the  balcony. 

par'quet-ry,  1  pur'ket-n:  2  piir'ket-ry,  n.  Wooden  mosaic  for 
furniture  or  floors.    [F.,  parqueterie.) 

parr,  1  pur;  2  par,  n.  A  young  salmon  before  its  first  migra- 
tion seaward. 

par'ra-kect,  1  par'a-klt;  2  par'a-ket,  n.  A  small  parrot, 
especially  one  with  a  long,  wedge*shaped  tail.  [<  OF. 
parroquet.]    par'o-quet"t. 

Par-rha'sl-us,  1  pa-re'shi-us;  2  pa-ra'shl-us,  n.  An  Athenian 
painter;  lived  about  the  4t.ii  century. 

par'ri-cide,  1  part-said;  2  paVi-cjd,  n.    1.  The  murder  of 
a  parent,  or  of  an  ancestor.    2.  One  Gray  Parrot 
who  has  committed  such  a  crime.  F,  \/u 

<  L.  pater,  father,    +  csedo,  kill.] — 
par'ri-cl"dal,  a.   -ly,  adv. 

par'rot,  1  par' at;  2  paVot,  n.  1.  A 
bird  of  warm  regions  having  the  bill 
hooked  and  toes  in  pairs  and  usually 
brilliant  plumage:  noted  for  Li  1 
ability  to  imitate  human  peecb  '-'- 
Hence,  one  who  repeats  01  imitates 
without  understanding.  [<  1*.  Pel 
rot,  dim.  of  Pierre,  Peter.] 

par'ry,  1  par'i;  2  paVy.     I.  <'   A  ri, 
[par'ried;  par'ry-ing]    To  ward  olT,  b 
fencing  or  a  prying  question;  stop;  evade;  avoid,  as  by 
repartee.     II.  n.    [PAB'BIES*  pi  \    I.  A  defensive  move- 


ment, as  in  fencing.  2.  An  evasion  or  diversion  in  a 
contest  of  wits.     [<  F.  parer,  ward  oft.  dress.) 

Par'ry,  Sir  William  Edward  (1790-1855).  A  British  ad- 
miral; arctic  explorer. 

parse,  1  pars;  2  pars,  vt.  &  vi.  [passed*;  pabs'ing.]  1. 
To  describe  and  analyze  (a  word  or  sentence)  according 
to  the  rules  of  grammar.  2.  To  meet  the  requirements 
of  grammatical  principles  and  usage.  (  <  L.  /hirs,  part] 
— pars'er,  n. 

Par'see,  1  par's!  or  par-si';  2  par's?  or  par-ee'',  n.  A 
Zoroastrian;  especially,  an  adherent  of  the  old  Persian 
religion.  [<  Hind.  Parsi,  ult.  <  Per.  Pars,  Persia.] 
Par'sit.— Par 'see-ism,  rt.  The  religion  of  the  Paraeea; 
Zoroastrianism.    Par'sl-lsmt;  Par'slsm   . 

Par'sl-fal,  1  pflr'si-fal;  2  piir'si-fiii.  n.  The  title-character  In 
an  opera  by  Wagner,  a  knight  of  the  Holy  Grail  who  saves 
the  life  of  Amfortas.    Par'zl-valt;  Pcr'rl-valeJ. 

par'si-mo-ny,  1  pur'si-nm-ni:  2  par'si-mo-ny,  n.  1.  Un- 
due sparingness  m  the  expenditure  of  money;  stinginess. 
2.  Logic.  See  paecimony.  [  <  L.*  parsimonia,  < 
spare.]  Syn.:  see  ikiowiiy.  par'Ni-nio'iil-ous.  <i. 
Niggardly;  penurious.  Syn.  see  AVARICIOUS;  BCANTT. — 
par"si-mo'ni-ous-ly,  adv. — par"8l-jmo'nl-oU8-ne881 
Syn.:  see  frugality. 

pars'ley,  1  pfirs'h;  2  pfirsly,  n.  A  cultivated  biennial 
herb  with  aromatic  finely  divided  leaves.  [  <  F.  persil, 
<  Gr.  pttroselinon,  rock«parsley,  <  pti  elinon, 

parsley.] 

pars'nip,  1  pars'nip;  2  pars'nip,  n,  A  European  herb  of 
the  parsley  family,  with  a  large  edible  root.  |<  OF. 
pastcnaque,  <  L.  pastinaca.  <  pastinum,  forked  dibble.] 

par 'son,  1  par'san;  2  piir'son,  n.  1.  The  clergyman  of  a 
parish  or  congregation;  a  minister.  2.  [Kng  ]  Specifi- 
cally, a  beneficed  clergyman  of  the  Anglican  Church, 
having  full  charge  of  a  parish.  [<  P.  pertonne;  see 
person.] — par'son-age,  n.  A  clergyman's  dwelling,  espe- 
cially a  free  official  residence  provided  for  a  pastor;  In 
England,  a  rectory. 

Par'sons,  1  por'sanz;  2  piir'sons,  n.  1.  TheophllUI  C1760 
1813),  an  American  jurist;  Chief  Justice  ol  Mai  achusettt. 
2.  Theophllus  (1797-1SS2),  an  American  jurist  and  writer. 

part,  1  part;  2  part,  ti.  I.  (.  1.  To  divide  into  share-  .>r 
portions.    2.  To  sever  into  t  wo  pieces     -t.   Po 

remove  from  one  another;  dissociate.  4.  To  separate  by 
lying  or  standing  between.  5.  To  separate  l>y  interven- 
tion, as  combatants.  6.  To  arrange  or  divide  «itli  a 
partition.    7.  To  have  in  two  portdoi        S<  .irate. 

as  mingled  substances,  into  their  constituent-      II.  1. 
1.  To  undergo  separation  into  parts;  break  in  tn 
To  depart  from  one  another;  take  leave;  sever  a  union; 

depart;  die.     3.  To  bei ie  dissociated  or  detached. 

[<  V.partir,  <  L.partio,  <  par (t-) s,  \mrl.\ 

Syn.:  sec  separate;  compare  synonyms  tor  P 
Prep.:  part  Into  shares;  pari  In  the  middle;  part  om 
another;  part  amon  »  contestants 

(archaic);  in  general,  topart/rom  Is  to  relinquish  compan- 
ionship; to  part  iriiii  is  torellnqu 
a  person  or  from  something  though!  of  with 
companionship;  a  traveler  pans  (mm  his  friends;  be  ma) 

lie  said  also  to  pari  from  his  Dative  shore,  a  man  parts  uuh 

an  estaie.  a  horse,  a  copyright;  be  might  he  said  to  pan 

from  a  favorite  horse  lliat    lie  did    Q01    sell;    p 

be  applied  to  a  person  though)  ol  In  ai 
slon;  an  employer  parts  tottA  a  clerk  01  Bcrvont;   tin 
parts  with  a  piece  of  properly:   lull    imrl   with 
used  by  good  writers  as  meaning  simp'  from 

—  to  part  from,  to  separate  from,  leave  to  pari  with. 
to  dispose  of;  dlsmJ  sparate  from     part'ed, 

1.  Situated  or  plaoed  apart;    eparated     '-'■  Havlnj 
11  ed  in  composition;  as,  ■  Bve»portod  calyx     *■   Having 
parts  or  talent  1;  <  Ifted 
put«  1  part;  2  part,  n     i.   I  certain  portion  01   imount  of 
anything      '-'.  I  Ine  ol  oer(  ain  frai  tional  portio 
thin,.     :t.  \i,  1     Bntial  pom. .not  :l  bodj  01 
B  membei      ••    ^  region;  q  ■•. 

allotted  or  belong  ito  one.    pi  cifii  allj    l! 
01  m  b  plaj     *>■  \ 
nothi  1     7.  \  component  I  mind 

,,,  characti  r;  talent.    [F.,       L.  1  '"'  I 

Syn.:  atom,  component,  con  11 

nt,  in  ii',,,  1 
piece   portion,  1 1  ctlon     1 

Including  all  1 
the  re  ull  ol  breaking,  rend  '  ""'■ 

Willie   ., 

samp  ' 

may  bo  equal m 

Into  which  'he  whnli  '  "      N 

1  is  a  part  viewed  with  refi  soMWDOHW 


p.irf 
putt 


>  n     not,  «r;  full,  rfjle;   btlt,  bOrn; 

i  >i  .  .         .  ill  I       I     .  <i.  not,  Or,  w  An. 


M8 


p*M. 

I<*rl 

Ju    . 

i  rticipate  in  or 

I .  •    .-■     ■>  •     •  ■■      -.  I'k  ix'vm'w  itomowhnt  of  tin 

i   ■ 
par-takYr. 
I .  A  t1 

oVn  ' 

spar-  ,".•'.  on  ( • 

p»r't  Be-BO-ffi  ii   .--    ■  -'the-no- 

i 

i«  ir  i  he-nog  i-iiv  ■ 

Par"  t  ti.-n.  —  |.  .     ■)- . 

i  warrior 
r»r  'Hi'  -n DO,  ir'the-non.  n.    The  temple  of 

9  B.  C; 
now  tn  ruins.    S.- 
I'ar  Hi,  -mi.,  ■■;,;.   Lit- 

eral!. 

•    ilNlrlct 
N    v.  •  kingdom:  conquered 

,:.-      v      I  ■  Par   till-all.  A  l'i'- 

t  him  »rr..\N      itaot,  I  in  retiring,  aa  by  the 

Part  Mans  Ii 
partial.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  in- 

:  prejudiced; 

buux   .       '•■  ;  ]   Having  a  special  liking.     [P.,    < 

l>.iril.-\l  torn-,  i  harmon- 
par'ii-al'l-i) .  •;      i  ,,f  being  pan 

Vnfairness;   blaa      3.  A   parti, 

Smj  sec  PRTJlDl'i:;  reli-ii      par 't  lal-lsm,  n      par'tlal- 
l>.  1.  In  part  only.    2.  With  unjust  favoritism,    par'- 

tl  il-: 
part  l-hl  er,  a.     DlvL«lblc .  —  parfl-bll'l-t} ,  n 
par-tlr'l-pate,  1  pir-t:  -Me'i-pat,  r.     [-PAT*- 

■ccfl;  -pat*is(.  )    I. 1.    l  II.  i.    1.  To  have 

ajoy  a  share  in  common  with  others:  with  ■■■■ 
in  a  thing     2.   i  •  istioe  in 

with  in.    |  <  L.  p-i  \  take.] 

Sm_' see  HH  w.>        par-tlc'l-pant,  a.  <V  n .—  par-tlc"l-pa'- 
tlon.  i      The  state  of  sharing  In  common  with  others. — 
par-Hi  "  I  —  i  •  i   tor,  n.  One  who  shares.  Syn.:  see  aci  i 
[i  ir  ii-cl-pl  e',  1  por't:-  ti-ei-pl,  n.     A  form 

■  r  verbally  or  adjeo- 
■  lj.itivcly.     Tin-  present 

partiiipio  :        past  participle 

or -(.    [<  L.  par(t-)s,  part,  + 
P  ir"ll-elp'|-al,  n.    -I>  , 
par'tl-cl  i-  .  .   ;    -  ■    .  :.  n      1.  A  minute  part  or 

small  amount  or  slight  de- 
gree rria<*  of  matter  so  small  that  It  ! 
aa  a  :  having  Inertia  and  attraction.     4. 
Ora-*.  .'■■■■  parta  of  sjw-ech,  as  a 
;  iritculn.  dim.  of  par(l-)s,  part  ] 
Syr.  lot,  mite,  mole- 
cule, scintilla,  scrap,  shred,  tittle,  whit.    A  parilcl- 
small  part  of  any  material  substance:  as.  a  ; 
or  of  dust;  It  Is  a  general  •  determinate  In 
meaning      Al                                        nines  thai  which  ran  not 
t»r.  -tifte  of 

having 
'  • 

•     •  .rilwl  as 
by  physicists,  a 
molecule  Is  the  sn.  irt,  which  retains  all 

.aracterlstlcs of  the  substance,  thus,  a  molecule  of  water 
!  one  atom  of  oxygen. 
Elf  ■■■  quan- 

tity, a  sub-'  i  .  one  Incap 

stances: 
the  tlrmrni  z'M  may  be  I  by  an  Ingot  01 

particle  of  gold-dust.    In  popular  language,  an  clement  Is  any 


ifwriitinl  coiutlturnl .  the  ancient*  believed  thai  tin-  universe 
H  of  the  four  i  air,  fire,  and  water; 

nn  of  the  fur)   of  the 
V  of  blood      i  omp  ii 

.    I  ■  lltllx. 

liola 

p.ir-lli    u-l.ir,  !  ;  '  ,r      I.  ,i      1. 

irati      '.'.  Pi  ouliai 

i. 

noteworthj      I.  Comprising  all  details  or  cii 

■>.  ed  by,  n  quii  ing,  "i  gi\  ing  minute 

6.1  tact  in  performance  or  requirement     7. 

Mil, lis 

,    appropriate,  characteristic,  circumstantial! 
tiled,  distinct,  iiistin,  tlvc  .  ipeclal,  exact,  Indi- 
vidual, peculUtr,  separate,  single, special.    Bee  mim  ii    phi 

■s|l    I    X\lls|| 

M.        i .  i  i,t  or  Item,  i-i"  mail]  one  ,,f  a 

number     '!■  \n  [ndividuaJ  Instance,    |  •    I. '  particula, 

I  no  i  mm  in,  i        pur-tl<-"ll-lar'l-l) . 

i  t  being  particular,    2.  Something  partlcu 

tar      par-tlc'ii-lar-l/r.  I  .11.    i/'im,  |    l.i     To  make 

ilar,     ll.  i     To  give  particulars     par-ti«"u-iar-i- 

Ift'tlon.  ri       par-(lc'u-lar-l) ,  mlr. 

pari  'Inic,  l  purt'nj ;  2  part 'nig.  n     1*  Separation:  division, 
i     \  leAve^taking;  a  departure     (2)  Ckem    Thi 
ration  of  metals  in  an  allov.  for  a     ■•■     '.'.  ^.  point  or  One 
ol  separatioi      S<         ethingthal  parta  or  aepai 
par'tl-san,  -ship.  a  IK,  ete 

par'tlte,  i  pflr'tolt;  2  imrilt.  n.    I.  Divided  Into 
of  pans-  nsisi  iii  composition,  as  blpantis,  tripartite,  eta    -i. 

/•'   •     i    lift  marly  to  the  ba.se,  a.s  a  leaf.     [<    I-  ptirUttis,  pp. 
;,:irt.J 
par-ll   Hon.  1  por-lisl/on;  2  p&T-tlsh'on.     I.  rf.     1.  To  Bel 

divisions  between  so  as  to  make  separate;  divide,  2.  To 
separate  by  a  partition:  with  off.  3.  To  .separate  into 
titueni  fiarts;  iiistiiigin.sh  apart.  4.  To  divide  into 
shares  for  distribution  II.  n.  [.Division.  2.  A  divid- 
ing line  or  boundary.  3.  A  mil  or  other  barrier  tin  iding 
one  part  or  apartment  from  another.  4.  Hut.  An  inter- 
nal wall  separating  Ofllls  or  cavities.  [P.,  <  L.  jmrti- 
iimn-\,  <  partio,  divide,  part  1 
par'll-tlve,  (  1  paVti-tiv;  2  piir'ti-tlv.    I.  a.    1.  Beparat- 

par'(l-llvs,  1  ing  into  integral  jiarts  or  into  distinct  ilivi- 

sions.    2.  Oram.  (1)  Signifying  a  part.     (2)  Distribu- 
tive,    II.  n.     A  partitive  word  or  case.     [<  L.'  partiu, 
divide,  parti    -l>. 
par-ti-zan1, 1  1  par'ti-sen;  2  par'ti-zan.    I.  a.    1.  Relat- 
par'li-san\  i  ing   to   a   party   or   faction;   unreasonably 
devoted  to  a  party  or  faction.    2.  Pertaining  to  or  car- 
ried on  by  partisans  or  irregular  troops.    II.  n.    I.  An 
adherent  of  a  party  or  cause;  especially,  a  blind  .'iillier- 
ent.    2.  Mil.  A  member  of  a  body  of  detached  or  irreg- 
ular  troops:  guerrilla.     Syn.:  sec  ACCXBB0BT;  auhkbent 
par'tl-zan-shlp,  ■ 
par'ti-zan2, )  n.     1.  A  pike  or  halberd;  also,  a  soldier 
par'll-san2,  ( .-inned  with  this  weapon.     2.  A  quarter' 
staff;  a  truncheon.     [<  OF.  pcrtvisane.)     Syn.:  see  stick. 
part 'let,  1  pflrflet;  2  piirt'let.  n.     I.  A  garment,  frequently 
ruffled,  covering  the  throat  and  bust.  worn,  especially  by 

women.  In  the  lfith  century.     2t.  A  hen.     [<  >1    ] 

part  'ly,  adr.     In  part;  in  some  degree. 

part 'nor,  1  pQrt'nar;2part'ner,  n.  One  who  is  associated 
with  another  or  others  more  or  less  permanently,  as  in 
business,  a  dance,  on  the  same  side  in  a  game,  etc  [  I  ,  ,r 
PABCKNKB.]  Syn.:  sec  AOCBSOBT;  assoi  [ATI  part'ner- 
slilp,  n.  1.  Joint  Interests  or  ownership.  2.  An  association 
of  two  or  more  persons  In  business;  a  copartnership.  Syn.: 
see  ai.i.iam  i :  asbociatiov. 

par-took',  imp.  of  partakf,  r. 

par'frldRC,  1  par'trij;  2  piir'trldg,  n.  1.  A  small  gallina- 
bird  01  the  Old  World.  2.  [TJ.  8.]  One  of 
various  Other  birds,  as  the  ruffed  grouxc  in  the  North 
and  the  bob-white  in  the  South.  [  <  Gr.,A-*"r  perdix 
partridge.]-  par'lrldKC-ber"ry,  n.  1.  A  small  trailing 
evergreen  herb  with  dark'green  leaves,  white  fragrant  (low- 
ers, and  B  scarlet  double  berry:  also,  the  berry.  2.  Ix'.ssprop- 
eriy,  the  wlntergreen  or  its  berry. 

par-tu'rl-cnt,  1  pox-tiO'n-ent ;  2  pjlr-tfl'ri-ent,  a.  Bring- 
ing forth  young;  pertaining  to  childbirth,    [  <  L.  partu- 

■-  I,  ppr.  of  pnrturio,  desire  to  bring  forth.  <  pario. 
bring  forth  ]-  par"tu-rl'tlon,  n.  The  act  of  bringing  forth 
delivery;  childbirth 

par'ty,  1  por'ti;  2  par'ty,  a.  Divided  into  or  consisting 
of  parts  or  of  different  parties.  f<  P.  portf,  pp.  of 
pnrhr;  w<-  imiit.  r .1  —  par'ty scol"ored,  a.  Having  various 
colors.    par't|scol"oredt. 

par'ty,  n.  [-ties1,  p/.J  1.  A  body  of  persons  united  for 
some  common  purpose,  as  political  ascendency.  2.  A 
social  company.    3.  A  small  company  or  detachment, 


ecn       i:a==i*fin?1;   J-,1131?1*!    0,s,e:    au  =  out;    oil;    IQ  =  feud;    (Thin;    go;    rj  =  sing;    fhin,    this. 
5o»       2:  wolf,  dft;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


part 
paste 


as  of  soldiers.  4.  A  person  interested,  as  in  a  contract, 
deed,  suit,  etc.  5.  One  concerned  in  or  privy  to  a  matter. 
6.  [Colloq.]  A  person.  7f- Apart;  portion.  [<  F.  partie, 
<  L.  parlitus,  pp.  of  partw,  divide,  part.]     Syn.:  see  sect. 

par've-nu,  1  par'vi-niCi;  2  par've-nu,  n.  One  who  has 
suddenly  attained  wealth  or  position  beyond  his  birth 
or  worth,  as  by  accident  of  fortune;  an  upstart:  also 
adjectively.     [F.]    par've-nuej  [fern.]. 

pas,  1  pa;  2  pii,  re.  1.  A  step.  2  A  dance.  3.  Right  of  going  be- 
fore; precedence.    [F.,  pace.] 

Pas'cal,  1  pas'kal;  2  pas'cal,  Blaise  (1623-1662).  A  French 
mathematician  and  writer. 

paschl! ,  1  pask;  2  pase,  re.  The  feast  of  the  Passover.  [ <  Gr. 
pascha,  <  Heb.  pesach,  <  pasach,  pass  over.]    pas'chat. 

pas 'dial,  1  pas'kal;  2  pas'cal,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  Jew- 
ish Passover  or  to  Easter.  [<  Gr.  pascha,  <  Heb. 
pesach,  Passover.] 

pash'.  It.  vt.  To  dash  to  pieces.  II.  re.  1.  [Prov.  Eng.]  A 
heavy  fall  of  rain  or  snow.    2t.  A  crushing  blow. 

pash2,  re.  [Prov.  Eng.]  The  head;  face;  brains. 

pa-sha',  1  pa-shci'  err  pash'a;  2  pa-sha'  or  pash 'a,  n.  An 
Ottoman  or  Egyptian  general,  governor,  or  high  func- 
tionary. [<  Turk,  pasha,  <  Per.  pasha,  sovereign] 
pa-cha't.— pa-sha  'lie,  re.  The  province  or  jurisdiction  of 
a  pasha,    pa-eha'lict. 

Pa-siph 'a-e,  1  pa-sif'a-I;  2  pa-sif'a-e.  re.  Gr.  Myth.  The  wife 
of  Minos;  mother  of  Ariadne  and  of  the  Minotaur. 

pas 'quin.  1  pas'kwm;  2  pas'kwin,  re.    1.  Same  as  pasquinade. 

2.  A  pasquinader.  [F.,  <  It.  pasquino,  orig.  a  statue  m 
Rome  on  which  satirical  papers  were  pasted,  named  after 
Pasquino,  a  witty  tailor.]— pas"quin-ade',  vt.  I.  [-ai>'ed<i; 
-ad'ing.]  To  attack  or  ridicule  in  pasquinades;  lampoon. 
II.  re.  An  abusive  or  personal  satire;  a  malicious  squib, 
pas'qull*.— pas"quin-ad'er,  re.    A  writer  of  pasquinades. 

pass,  1  pas;  2  pas,  v.  [passed'  or  past;  pass'ing.]  \.  t.  1. 
To  go  by,  over,  around,  beyond,  through,  etc.  2.  To  go 
from  one  limit  to  the  other  of;  spend,  as  time.  3.  To 
undergo;  endure.  4.  To  cause  to  move  or  go  through 
or  over.  5.  To  transfer  from  one  person,  especially  an 
owner,  to  another;  convey;  pay.  6.  To  issue  or  enter 
by  way  of.  7.  To  adopt;  enact,  as  a  law;  approve,  as 
an  account.  8.  To  put  forth  as  genuine;  hence,  to  im- 
pose fraudulently.  9.  To  pronounce  as  a  judgment.  10. 
To  reach  beyond;  surpass;  exceed.  11.  To  permit  to  go 
by  without  notice;  overlook;  disregard.  II.  i.  1.  To 
proceed  in  space;  move.     2.  To  glide  or  go  by;  elapse. 

3.  To  go  from  one  condition  to  another.  4.  To  disap- 
pear; vanish;  die.  5.  To  come  into  and  go  out  of  ex- 
istence; take  place;  occur.  6.  To  obtain  currency;  be 
current.  7.  To  have  current  recognition.  8.  To  go  from 
member  to  member  of  a  company.  9.  To  go  through  a 
course  of  consideration  or  trial  and  be  approved  or  suc- 
cessful. 10.  To  go  unnoticed  or  unchallenged.  11.  To 
go  over  or  give  consideration  and  decide.  12.  To  be 
voided,  as  from  the  bowels.  13.  To  come  or  go  into 
effect  or  force.  14.  In  card«playing,  to  yield  an  option 
to  the  next  player.  15.  To  throw  a  ball  to  another  as 
an  exercise  in  catching.  16.  To  make  a  pass  or  thrust. 
[<  F.  passer,  <  L.u'  passus,  pace.] — pass'a-l»l(ep,  a.  1. 
Capable  of  being  passed  or  traversed.  2.  Fairly  good.  3. 
Fit  for  general  circulation.  —  pass'a-bly,  adv.—  pass'er,  re. 
One  who  passes.  pass"er=b> '\.  —  pass'skcy",  re.  A  key 
for  a  nlghMatch  or  a  skeleton  key. 

pass,  re.  1.  A  way  or  opening  that  affords  a  passage;  a 
place  through  winch  one  can  pass;  defile;  waterway.  '!. 
Permission  or  a  permit  to  pass;  a  ticket ;  passport.  3.  A 
state  of  affairs;  crisis.  4.  The  .successful  undergoing  of 
an  examination,  test,  or  inspection.  !i.  A  movement  of 
a  hand,  wand-,  or  the  like,  as  in  mesmeric  inauipulal  ion. 
6.  A  quick  thrust;  lunge.    Syn.:  sec;  way. 

pass.,  abbr.    Passive.  [fencing,     pas'sa-dot. 

pas-sadc'||,  1  pa-sM';  2  pa-sad',  re.     A   forward   thrust    In 

pas'sagc,  1  pus'ij;  z  pas'ag,  ».  I.  A  pa  ing  by,  through, 
or  over.  2.  A  journey  by  conveyance;  a  voyage.  3. 
The  power  or  right  of  passing.  4.  A  way  by,  through,  or 
over;  a  corridor,  hall,  etc.  pas'sagc-\va>  |.  5. 
sion  or  portion,  as  of  a  speech  or  writing;  a  clau  i 
graph,  (i.  The  passing  or  enactment,  a  of  a  law  7.  \ 
series  of  incidents;  episode,  s.  A  personal  encountei 
9.  A  navigable-  route.    10.  Migration     II.  An  ■ 

tlon  of  the  bowels.     |F.,  lilt.    <    I-    I'"     "   .  I'-"'    I     ■':■<<       ■ 

career;  motion;  hoad;  way. 
Pas-sa'lc,  1  pa-sdk;2  pft-SO'le,  re.    A  manufacturing  city  In 

N.  F.  New  Jersey;  pop.  63,000 
pas'sant,  l  paa'ant  or  if.)  pofafln';  2  paa'ant  ot    /'     p 

a.     Ifir.   Walking  and   looking   towards   the   right    <of    the 

wearer;  with  a  fore  pa^  raised,    [i-  1 
pas"see',  1  pri'V-';  2  pa"se't  a.     Past  tic    pi 

used  with  feminine  nouns;  in  t hi  masculim  I 

pas'se«mea".surfc,  1   pas'i-mes-ur;  2   pas'c-mezh'ur,   n.     A 

19 


former  slow  stately  Italian  dance,  or  the  music  for  It.  [  <  It, 
passemezzo,  <  passare,  pass,  +  mtZZO,  middle.]  pass'iiiR. 
mea"sure{;  pas'sy<mca"suret. 

passe-men 'terie,  1  pas-men'in  or  IF.)  pus-muii'trl';  L?  pas- 
men'tri  or  (/•'.  pas  man  tre'.  re.  Trimming  for  dresses  as 
beaded  lace.     [F.] 

pas'sen-ger,  1  pas'en-jar;  2  pas'en-ger,  re.  1.  A  person 
who  travels  in  a  public  conveyance.  '.'  .  A  traveler; 
passer=by.     [<  F.  passager,  <"  pa.--  IBSAGB.j 

passe"  =par"tout',  1  pos"-par*ta';  2  pas*«par*tu',  n  1.  a 
light  picture=frame  consisting  of  a  glass  and  a  pasteboard 
back  pasted  together.  2t.  A  safe-conduct.  3t.  A  master- 
key.  [F..  <  passer  (see  pass,  r.)  +  parluut.  evcrvw  here.  ^ 
L.  per,  through,  +  totus,  all.) 

Pas'ser-es,  1  pas';.r-Iz;  2  pas'er-eg,  re.  pi.  An  order  or 
suborder  of  birds,  including  all  singing  birds,  and  more 
than  half  of  the  living  birds.    [L.,  p]  rrow.l 

Pas"ser-i-for'mes:.  pas'scr-in.e*.  i.„  I.  Pertaining  to 
Die  Passeres.  2.  Resembling  or  characteristic  of  a  sparrow. 
II.  re.    one  of  the  Passer es. 

pas-si-ble',  1  pas'i-bl;  2  pas'i-bl,  a.  Capable  of  feeling 
or  of  suffering.  [F.,  <  L.LL  potior,  suffer.]  pas'Si- 
bil'i-ty,  pas'si-bl  ,-iuss  .  n. 

pas'slin,  1  pas'im;  2  pas'im,  adv.  Here  and  there;  In  various 
passages:  a  reference.     [L.,  <  passus,  pp.  of  panio,  spread  ] 

pass'ing,  1  pns'in;  2  piis'ing.  I.  pa.  1.  Going  by  or  awaj  ; 
fleeting.  2.  Done,  said,  or  given  In  passing;  cursory.  Syn.: 
see  transient.  II.  re.  1.  A  going  by  or  away;  hence,  dy- 
ing. 2.  An  act  of  passage.  III..;..-'.  In  a  surpassing  de- 
gree or  manner;  exceedingly,  pas'syngct. 

passion.  1  pash'an;  2  pash'on.  I  .  t%.  To  suffer;  feel 
passion.  II.  n.  1.  Intense  or  overpowering  feeling,  as  of 
love  or  anger,  such  that  the  mind  is  as  if  passively 
swayed  by  it.  2.  A  strong  impulse  tending  to  physical 
indulgence.  3.  The  state  of  being  acted  upon.  4.  The 
endurance  of  some  painful  infliction;  agony.  5.  |l'-] 
The  sufferings  of  Christ  in  the  garden  and  on  the  cross, 
[F.,  <  L."-  passus,  pp.  of  potior,  suffer.]  Syn.:  s,-,-  vm.mi; 
APPETITE;  ENTHUSIASM;  I  l  l  MM;;  l  ovi   ;  viol  l  \.   >  .  \N  \u\iril. 

— pas'sion-ate,  a.  1.  Easily  moved  to  anger,  ','.  Express- 
ing some  passion.   3.  Of  a  strong,  ardent  quality.    Syrusee 

ardent;  hot;  impetuois;  VIOLENT  pas Mou-utc-ly, m/r. 
—  pas'slon-ate-ness,  re.  pas'slon 
How"er,  re.  A  plant  or  flower  so  called 
from  the  fancied  resemblance  of  cer- 
tain parts  of  the  flower  to  the  instru- 
ments of  the  crucifixion.  —  pas'slon- 
less,  a.— passion-play,  re.  a  mystery 
or  drama  representing  the  Passion  .-r 
Christ..  — P.  Sunday,  tin-  second  sun- 
day  before  Easter.  — P.  week.  I.  The 
week  that  begins  with  Passim,  Sunday. 

2.  Holy  Week:  an  Incorrect  use. 

pas'sive, )  1  pas'iv;  2  p&s'iv.    I.  a,    1. 
pa.s'sivs,  (  In  a  state   of   quiescence; 

not    active;     unresisting.     2.   Cram. 

Pertaining    to    a    form    of    verbal 
statement  that    represents  the  .sub- 
ject of  a  verb  as  the  object    of  the 
act I- .a.    -'t.  I  I    -.-/    Inactive;  inert.    II.  n,     I       i 
voice.     [<   l  tor,  suflcr  | 

Syn.:  inactive,  Inert,  negative,  patient,  una  ..em.  sub- 
missive, Buffering,  .int.:  active,  positive,  reslstani  pas'- 
8lv(e-Iy8,  ad\      pas'slv(e-ness*,        pas-sir 'I- tyt  ■ 

I';iss'o"ver,  1   pas'S'ver:  2  pas'fi'ver,   n       I.    \ 
feast  commemorating  the  oighl  when  the  Lord,  smiting 
tic-    lirst-born  of   the    Egyptians,    "passed   over"    the 
houses  of  t  he  ohil  ! 

sion,   the  .nine  i.    bival  ol   seven  daj     following  the 
paschal  Bupper;  1 1--   t.  d  t  ol  unlca\  ened  bi 
The  sacrifice  offered  at  the  pasohal  feast;  too  i 
lamb.    I  ■    e  las,    ..    |   "\  i  ic  | 

pass'portp  l  pc  V  ...  .-.     i.  Unofficial  «ru 

rant    affording    protection    to   a    poi  on    ..■    tt 
abroad,     2.    \  di ioumi  hip  to 

proceed  on  a  voj  .  •'!.    I  !   .i  which  omp 

.    at  anythin 

/.  harbor  | 

pas'sus,  1  pas' us;  :.'  pas'Os,  n 

A  canto,  as  ..'  a  poom 
pass'uord",    I    pc  word 

idem  i  entitled  to  p  rord 

pasl,  I  p  .  '  ,  "  ■  I.  I . 

2.  G  ncl I"  I-  ■ 

past.  II.  n.  1.  Time  i 

( ine'    antecedents  or  re.-or.l   III. 

i  \  .  t 

I,  II 
paste,  i  I.  I 

Htiek  wit),  paste.    2,  " 

Mnxie  of  paste;  artificial     in         I.  An  adhesive  mig> 


I    i  1  »  ••        ol.Ar.    full,  rale;    hut,  bOm; 

p  , ,,  .      .  .      ,  .  iii  M   iiiii.in.  iron. 


,  ,  I  I  n  .  n  .1       n  u        in..   .     IIUl,  UWIII, 

,     ,         ,      ,         ,.  ii       i  i         , ...  i.oi.  6r,  irtai     ■>«<> 


t.    ■(  !l,.vir 

i 
.v.  \ 


1. 1. 


i-i-i. 


ban 


I.    A  A  •!    Ultll 

A.     \ 

a  .-   i.  MUI 
I.     I       .'    pari    .if   :i 

.'.    \  hobble 

l  aula 

r.i  —  ■■■■■r  "  I  -  ii  i .  I 

■Mas,  :us  ir.  dropbo- 

PaS-tt  ur    l-/.i   (lull.  •.        \ 

n  In  liquids.  as  boor. 

19°  1    .'ir  .  BO  as 

I'l-'liur-a  II. hi    ;    I'.i- — 1«  ur'i-^.i   l  Inn  : . 
I-  ,..  t •  i  —  i  •  ur   I/-,  r.   ■        l.i  in.-  who 

In  apparatus  f»r  Pasteurising  liquids. 

I .  ipound  ..f  aromatic 

'.'.    \   troche; 
l  he  paper  tube  containing 

i  pin  wheel  or  tin-  like  to 

i  i-it  i.  ]  pas-ttlle' 

pas  inn.    .  .    n.     Thai    which 

■    iiasa  agreeably.     Syn  :  see 

1.  A  Christian 

g  ition   under   his   official 

epberd     |< 

pas'tor-al.     I.  I.   Pertaining 

2.  Pi      lining  to  a  pas- 

II.  pi.    I.  a  poem  deal- 

-.:!•.».   \  picture  Illustrating 

run.  pa»'- 

■  i|  Ism.  •■  Sibils  pastoral 

char..  |.  i-   l.ir-al-lil,   r.       I.    A    keeper  of  Hooks  and 

pi-   lor-al-l) . 

sos'tor-at.  i  ..r  jurisdiction  of  s 

pas'-  pastoral  charge      :t. 

pas  tor-ship,  n. 

ry,  a.     1.  Artaoli  -  of  food  made 
2f.  A  place 

pas'tun  .  ir  or  -tiur;  2  pas'chur  or  -tur.     I.  r(. 

•   I  l>y  grazing; 

II.  •       1.  ( iround  for  tin- 
jrxaj                                                   t.  '  irass  or  ln-rl 

(  <  L.or  partura,  <  paxtus,  pp.  of  paxco,  feed  ] 

pa-   tur-age,    r.       I.    Grass  and   herbage   for  cattle       2. 

isinesB  of  grazing  cattle.— 

■   - 

pa«t').  1  ;  •'>•.     I.  n.     Lake  paste.     II.  " 

•J  ]    A  pie,  as  of  meat,  enclosed  in  a  crust 

petal  1-in  --. 

pat,   '.  -1.     (pat'tkiW;  pat'tim;  ]     To  -t rik<- 

tnd,  in  a  gj  i  us  man- 

•  |  I  tee:  fitting; 
pat  1> .  pat's 

pat  .  I .  '.'.       pattering. 

pal  .  r     |  <  Ir.  pott, 

aptly.    |  <  pat,  r] 
rata.. 

Pat"a-g>>'ni-.i.  2  [i&fa-go'ni-a.  n.     A  region 

America;  divided   I 
Republic;  Inhabited  by  wild  tribes. 
Pafa-so'nl-an,  -2   A-  n. 
pat'a-mar.  |  mar.  n.    [E.  Ind]    A  coaat- 

•  -*H  with  ar.  rn  rake: 

[iii   i.  -mar:. 
pat 4  i..  1.1.  To  mend  fany- 

p.ii  ii  .  paten.     2.  To 

r  -.1/:  often  with 

!  i:ir«',   with  a 

II.  1 . 

mat'  ■  .Tin  re- 

semi  ter  or  the  like, 

'.h»:  alan  to  hide  a  'off  the 


niniplci  :t.  V  small  pieoo  of  anything,  as  of  ground 

t  i  lown:  from  the  moth  \  garb  ol  tin 

i.  iii  ii  .» - 1 •  i  •    .         ii. in  ii  .  i .         .  i nc  « no  pan 
patch 'work",         i  brie  made  of  patches  of  cloth,  as 

dc  nil  or  iii-i.  ii  i  lain; 

p. in  h  \ . 

|.  i-li  hull  II.  1  |...  •  liil'li.  ■.'  |  '        '•  Indian  herb 

in btalned  from  n     ;i    •   w  ) 

I'll!  i ii 

pair.  1  i  •  ■  ;2  p .'.  •      1.  rbe  top  of  the  head,  especially  > 
hiu nan  bead;  sometimes  the  whole  head;  often  di  roga 
hallow  jm/<      2.  The  skm  ..t  ■  calf's  bead 
.  'i 

pi  i.   , 1 1  !./.  .I     \  Little  pie ■  i 

p.i-ii  i  1. 1.  .  •;■•.,./ 1    I. 

The  Bat,  oval  bone  in  front  of  the  knee-joint ,  kneecap 
\  •  ip-liki  pari     •'!.  \  imall  pan  oi  dish.    |l... 
iiini  of  patina,  dish,  pan  I    pa-tcl'l.ir. 

i-li  .  ii.  i  pat  in.  2  pit 'en,  n     i.  a  plats  ai  for  bread  ol  the 
i  uobartsi     ft.  A  metaUle  plate    I-    L.  jxtftaa.] 

pat'ent,  1  pat'ent; 2  pat'ent  1 '.  if  I.  To  secure  n  pat- 
•  m  foi  I.  To  grant  bj  paten!  II.  1  pat'ent  a  pB'tent; 
2  pit  '■'■iit  oi  pfl  ii'iit,  a  l.  Manifi  I  oi  apparent  to 
!■.  '.'.  Protected  bj  lettt  i  •  patent  S,  Zool. 
I  Kpandea  4.  Boi  Bpreading  III.  n  I.  A  govern- 
mini  protection  to  an  inventor,  securing  to  him  for  a 
specific  tune  the  exclusive  right  of  making  ami  using 
an  invention,  -.  A  governmenl  gjranl  ..r  tranohise,  as 
of  land;  also,  land  *<<  granted.  |f  .  ■  L  paten(t-)s, 
ppr.  of  potto,  lie  open.]  Siii :  ne  4Pparbnt;  evident; 
uAtnrasT;  notorious,  pat'en-C7fn.  I.  The  condition  of 
in-iiii;  patent,  'i-  Tbe  state  of  being  open,  spread,  or  en- 
larged, pat  'ent-a-hl(t"\  a.-  pat"en-tee',  n.  One  who 
boldsapatent,  pat'ent-cr:.  pat  'en-tor,  n  1.  Onewno 
grants  a  patent,  as  of  land.    t.  A  patentee:  an  erroneous  use. 

I'a'ti-r.  Walter  llnratlo  (1839    1804).     An  English  ari-rrlili- 

and  author.  Uariut  tin  Epicurean. 
pa'ter- fa-mlll-as,  l  pCter-fs-mll'i-es;  2  pa'ter-fa-nuTl-as, 
n.   The  lather  of  s  family  or  master  of  a  house,   [i.) 

|ia-(rr  lial,   1    |i,.-l  nr'nui;  \l  pa-trr'nal,  n.      1.  Pertaining 

to  a  father;  fatherly.  2.  Derived  from  or  connected  with 
one's  father;  hereditary,  |<  L.  paterruu,  < 
father.)  -ly,  adv.-  pa-ter'nal-lsm,  n.  Paternal  ran-  or 
control;  specif.,  as  exercised  by  a  governmenl  over  the  af- 
fairs of  a  people  pa-ter'nl-ty,  n.  I.  The  condition  of 
being  a  father.  2.  Ancestry  on  the  male  side. 
pa'ti-r-nos'tcr,  1  pS*ter-for  pat* erjnes'tsr;  2  pa*ter-[or 

li:'it"er-]nos'ler,  n.     1.  The  Lord's  I'rayer:  literally,  "our 

father."    2.  Every  eleventh  bead  on  a  rosary,  which  is 
connected  with  the  saying  ol  the  Lord's  I'rayer;  hence, 
a  rosary,  or  something  resembling  one.    [LL.J 
Pat'er-son,  1  paf sr-ssn; 2 pat'er-son, n.    I.  William  (\nr,s 
1710),  s  Boottisb  speculator;  originated  an  unsuccessful 
Bcheme  to  establlab  on  the  isthmus  ol  Darten  (Panama)  a 

trade-route  to  the  East,  and  secure  thereby  a  monopoly  of 
the  trade.     2.  A  city  In  N.  E.  New  Jersey;  silk  manufae 
tures;  pop.  130,000. 
patbt,  rt.    To  ro.  as  In  a  path:  walk. 

path,  1  pafh;  2  path,  n.  [paths,  1  pathz;  2  paths,  pi.] 
1.  A  walk  or  way,  as  one  beaten  by  the  foot,  used  by 
nun  or  animals,  but  not  generally  by  vehicles.  2.  Any 
road,  track,  or  course.  3.  Course  or  way  oi  life  or  action 
[  •  AS.  pxth,  path.]  Syn.:  see  road;  way-  patli'flnd"er,  n. 
One  skilled  in  following  a  path  or  (rail,  or  in  opening  a  new 
one;  an  explorer-  path 'less,  a.  Having  no  path;  trackless. 
path.,  pathol.,  abbr.     Pathology. 

pa-thct'ic,  1  pe-€net'ik;  2  pa-thet'ie,  a.    I.  ( >f  the  nature 
of  or  abounding  in  pathos;  arousing  compassion.     2. 
Displaying  passion;  impassioned,     |<  Or.  palhetikoe, 
liter]     pa-thet'l-eal:.     Hyti .   see  pitiful.— 
pa-thet'l-cal-ly,  mti       pa-thet  'l-eal-ness,  n 
path'o-,  1  path'o-;  2  path'o-.     From  Greek  pathos,  suf- 
fering (see  pathos)  ;  a  combining  form      patb"n-gen  'lc.  a. 
Productive  ol  disease;  pertaining  to  the  production  of  dis- 
|  l   -OEM.]    path"o-ge-net'lc:;  pa-thog'e-nousj.— 
pa-thoir'e-ny,  n.  .1/"/.  The  branch  of  pathological  science 
to  the  origin  and  development  of  disease. 
pa-fliol'o-Ky,  1  pa-thel'o-ji;  2  pa-th81'o-gy,  n.    [-aim*, 
pi]    The  branch  of  medical  science  t li.it  treats  of  mor- 
l.id  conditions,  their  causes,  nature,  etc.     [  <  Gr.  pathos. 
Bring,    •    -i.oov  1     patli"o-log'l-eal,  a.     Pertaining  to 
pathology;   considered    in   relation   to   disease,     path"o- 
Ing'lc;.     path"o-loK'l-cal-ly,    adv.-  pa-thol'o-glst,    n. 
Hied  In  pathology. 
pa'thns,  1  peVtiies;  2  pa'thos,  »      1.  That  which  awakens 
feelini  2j. Buffering.  [< 

( ;r  pathos,  <  pa,ich0.nuttcT.\    Syn.- see  feelino. 
path'way",  n     Same  as  path. 

-pathy.  suffix.  Derived  from  Greek  -palhela  (<  pathos;  see 
PATHOS):  a  combining  form,  often  meaning  treatment  of 
disease,  as  hydro palhy. 


mm    i:a=„fin?1;  ,l3hal?,t-i   alsle:    «n  =  out;    ell;    iu  =  feud;    <fhin;    go;    Q  =  aing;    thin,   this.  pastel 

571    2:wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  dil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.     Pausaniu* 


pa'tience,  1  pe'sbens;  2  pa'shenc,  n.  1.  The  quality  of 
being  patient.  2.  The  exercise  of  sustained  endurance 
and  perseverance.  3.  Forbearance  toward  the  faults  or 
infirmities  of  others.  4.  Tranquil  waiting  or  expecta- 
tion. Syn.:  calmness,  composure,  endurance,  forbearance, 
fortitude,  leniency,  long»suflerlng,  resignation,  submission, 
sufferance.  Endurance  hardens  itself  against  suffering,  and 
may  be  merely  stubborn;  by  modifiers  it  may  be  made  to 
have  a  passive  force,  as  when  we  speak  of  "passive  endur- 
ance"; fortitude  is  endurance  animated  by  courage;  patience 
Is  not  so  hard  as  endurance  nor  so  self-effacing  as  submission. 
Subinission  is  ordinarily  and  resignation  always  applied  to 
matters  of  great  moment,  while  patience  may  apply  to  slight 
worries  and  annoyances.  As  regards  our  relations  to  our 
fellow  men,  forbearance  is  abstaining  from  retaliation  or  re- 
venge; patience  is  keeping  kindliness  of  heart  under  vexa- 
tious conduct;  long=sufferina  Is  continued  patience.  Patience 
may  also  have  an  active  force  denoting  uncomplaining  stead- 
iness in  doing,  as  in  tilling  the  soil.  Compare  industry; 
submission. — Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  anger;  impatience. 
—  Prep.:  patience  in  or  amid  sufferings;  patience  witli  (more 
rarely  toward)  opposers  or  offenders;  patience  under  afflic- 
tions; (rarely)  patience  of  heat  or  cold,  etc. 

pa'tientt,  t't.    To  make  patient;  calm:  compose. 

pa'tient,  1  pe'slient;  2  pa'shgnt.  I.  a.  1.  Possessing 
quiet  endurance  under  distress  or  annoyance.  2.  Tol- 
erant, tender,  and  undiscouraged  in  helping  others.  3. 
Capable  of  tranquilly  awaiting  events.  4.  Capable  of 
physical  endurance.  II.  n.  1.  A  person  undergoing 
treatment  for  disease  or  injury.  2.  Anything  passively 
affected.  [F.,  <  L.  patien(t-)s,  ppr.  of  potior,  suffer.] 
Syn.:  see  charitable:  passive. — pa'tient-ly,  adv. 

pat'lne,  n.    Same  as  paten,    pat 'in:. 

pa'ti-o,  1  pa'ti-o;  2  pa'ti-o,  re.  The  open  inner  court  of  a 
Spanish  or  Spanish=American  dwelling.    [Sp.] 

Pat 'mos,  1  pat'mos;  2  pat'mos,  re.  Bib.  An  island  near  the 
W.  coast  of  Asia  Minor;  place  of  St.  John's  exile.    Rev.  1,  9. 

Pat'na,  1  put'na;2  put'na,  re.  A  city  In  Bengal,  British  India; 
exports  rice;  pop.  136,200. 

Pat.  Off.,  abbr.    Patent  Office. 

pa"tois',  1  pa"twu';  2  pii"twa',  n.  An  illiterate  dialect,  often 
local.    [F.,  <  L.  patria,  fatherland.)    Syn.:  see  language. 

Pa'tras,  1  pa'tras;  2  pa'tras,  re.  A  fortified  seaport  in  central 
Greece;  pop.  37,700. 

pa 'tri-arch,  1  pe'tn-ark;  2  pa'tri-arc,  n.  1.  The  head  of 
a  family;  the  chief  of  a  tribe  who  rules  by  paternal  right. 
2.  A  venerable  man;  hence,  any  venerable  object.  3.  In 
the  Roman  Catholic  and  Greek  Churches,  a  bishop  of 
the  highest  rank.  [  <  Gr.  patria,  race,  +  archo,  rule.]  — 
pa"trl-ar'chal,  a.  pa"tri-ar'ohicJ.— pa"trl-ar'ohal-ly, 
adv. — pa'trl-arch/'ate,  n.  1.  The  office,  dominion,  or  resi- 
dence of  a  patriarch.  2.  A  patriarchal  system  of  govern- 
ment.   pa'tri-arch"yt. 

pa-tri'cian,  1  pe-trish'an;  2  pa-trlsh'an.  I.  a.  1.  Per- 
taining to  the  aristocracy.  2.  Of  noble  or  aristocratic 
lineage.  II.  n.  1.  A  member  of  the  aristocracy  of  Rome. 
2.  Any  one  of  the  upper  classes.  3.  An  honorary  title 
bestowed  by  the  later  Roman  emperors.  [  <  L.  patri- 
cius,  <  pater,  father.]    -ly,  adv. 

pat'ri-cide,  1  pat'n-said;  2  pat'ri-cTd,  n.  1.  The  killing 
of  a  father.  2.  One  who  slays  a  father;  a  parricide.  [  < 
I,,  paler,  father,  +  csedo,  kill.]  —  pat 'rl-<'l"daf,  a. 

Pat'rlck,  1  pat'nk;  2  pat'rik,  Saint  (3727  Kill?).  Apostle  to 
and  patron  saint  of  Ireland. 

pat'ri-mo-ny,  1  pat'n-mo-ru;  2  pat'ri-mo-ny,  n.  [-mis', 
pi.]  1.  An  inheritance  from  a  father  or  an  ancestor.  2. 
An  endowment,  as  of  a  church.  [<  I.,  iiiitrinmniiun, 
<  pater,  father.] — pat"rl-mo'nl-al,  a.    -ly,  adv. 

pa'tri-ot,  1  pe'tn-[»r  pat'n-]  9 1 ;  2  p:Vtri-[w  pat'ri-]ot,  n. 
One  who  loves  his  country  and  zealously  guards  its  wel- 
fare; especially,  a  defender  of  popular  liberty.  |  <  <  lr 
palriblls,  fellow  countryman.]-  Patriot's  Day  \V.  S.|.  the 
day  of  the  battle  of  Lexington,  April  19,  177.r>;  Its  anniver- 
sary Is  observed  as  a  legal  holiday  In  Maine  and  Massachu- 
setts.— pa"trl-ot'Ic,  «.  pa"trl-ot  'l-cal-ly,  adv.  pa'trl- 
ot-lsm,  n.    Devotion  to  one's  country. 

pa-trls'tlc,  1  pa-trls'tik;  2  pa-trls'tlc,  a.    of  or  pertaining  to 
the   fathers   of   the   Christian   church,      pa-trls'tl-ral;. 
pa-trls'tl-cal-ly,  adv. 

Pa-tro'clus,  1  pa-tro'kius;  2  pa-trO'clus  Or.  I.'vmd.  A 
Greek  chief  In  the  Trojan  war;  slain  by  Sector. 

pa-trol',  1  pa-trol';2  partrol'.  I.  vl.  &  vi.  |e\  TBOl  I  I  '■'. 
PA-TROLD     ,  pa-THOI.'mnu.]     I.  To  wall,  around  ill  order 

to  guard  or  inspect     IS.  To  go  the  round  ,  aa  in  a  oity  or 

garrison.      II.   n.      1.  One  or  more  soldier'-,   policemen, 

etc.,  patrolling  a  district.    2.  The  acl  ol  patrolling,    I- 

F.  patrouttler,  paw  about.]     pa-trol'iiian,  n.     [-10 

One  who  patrols,  as  a  policeman  assigned  to  a  beat      pa- 
trol''wag"on,  n.    [TJ.  s.|    a  wagon  for  the  oonveyanoe  or 

prisoners,  etc. 
pa'tron,  1  pe'tran  or  pat'r.m;  2  pfi'tron  or  pat'ron,  re.     1. 


One  who  protects,  fosters,  or  countenances;  a  protector 
or  benefactor.  2.  One  in  the  position  of  father  or  guard- 
ian toward  another;  an  advocate;  protector  I  <  I  r 
paironus,  patron.]— pafron-age,  ».  l.  Guardianship.  '!. 
An  uncalled-for  distribution  of  favors.  S.  The  right  to  con- 
trol in  the  distribution  of  offices,  etc.,  In  the  public  a 
also,  the  offices,  etc.,  so  distributed.-  pafron-ess,  n.  a 
female  patron:  a  matron  who  promotes  ami  assists  in  the 
management  of  a  social  event. — pat  'ron-l/' 'a- til  e  . 
That  may  be  patronized.  — pat'ron-lze,  it.  |-izki>:  -iz'- 
iN'.  1  1.  To  act  as  a  patron  to;  favor.  8.  To  exercise  con- 
descension toward.  :1.  [Colloq.]  To  favor  with  one's  custom 
in  business,  pat'ron-lset.  pat'ron-lz"er,  or  -Is'Vr,  n, 
—  pat'ron-lz"[or-ls"]liiK-ly,  adv. 

pafro-nym'lc,  1  pafro-nim'ik;  2  pSt'ro-nym'ic.  I.  o. 
1.  Formed  after  one's  father's  name.  •».  Gram,  Indicat- 
ing ancestry.  pat"ro-iiym'i-calt.  II.  n.  I.  A  name 
derived  from  an  ancestor;  a  family  name.     '.'.  I  \ 

noun    formed    from   a   proper   name.     |<  Lir." 
father,  -f-  onyma.  name.]     pat'ro-nymt. 

pa-troon',  1  pa-trfin';  2  pa-troon',  re.  Formerly,  a  holder  or 
entailed  estates,  chiefly  In  New  York,  with  manorial  rights, 
under  old  Dutch  law.    [D  ]    pat  'tcr-oonj. 

pat'ten,  1  pat'n;  2  pat'n,  n.     1.  A  thick-soled  v 

shoe;  a  clog.     2.  Arch.  The  foundation  of  a  wall;  for- 
merly, a  sill.    [<F. pat  in,  < patte, paw.] 

pat'ter1,  1  pat'er;  2  pat'er,  vi.  1.  To  make  a  continuous 
succession  of  light,  quick,  and  sharp  Sounds  or  pats,  8. 
To  move  with  light,  quick  steps.    [Freq.  of  pat,  r.] 

pat'ter2,  vt.  &  vi.    1.  To  mumble;  mutter,  as  prayei 
To  talk  rapidly  and  glibly.    [<  OF.  pater,  <  LL.  pater- 
noster; see  paternoster;  from  the  repetition  ol  the  prayer.] 

pat'ter,  n.  1.  A  succession  of  pats  or  taps;  repetition  of 
slight  sounds.  2.  Glib  and  rapid  talk.  3.  Idle  chatter 
or  gossip.    4.  [Slang.]  Patois  or  dialect. 

pat'tern,  1  pat'arn;  2  pat'ern,  v.  I.  t.  To  make  in  imi- 
tation of  some  model:  witho/ter,  by,  from,  or  upon.  II. 
i.  To  take  something  as  a  pattern  or  model:  often  with 
after  or  by.    Syn.:  see  imit  \te. 

pat'tern,  re.  1.  An  original  or  model  proposed  for  imi- 
tation; something  used  or  worthy  to  be  used  as  a  copy; 
an  exemplar.  2.  A  model  or  guide  in  forming  something 
else.  (1)  Founding.  A  model,  usually  of  wood  or  iron, 
about  which  to  form  a  sand-mold,  i-'i  Mitch.  A  tem- 
plet or  gage.  3.  [U.  S.]  Material  in  sufficient  quantity 
to  make  a  garment ;  as,  a  dress  patU  rn.  4.  Any  decora- 
tive design  or  figure;  type;  style.  [Late  form  ol  PA« 
TKON.j    s.vn.:  see  example;  idea;  ideal;  modei 

Pat'tl,  1  pat'i;2  part.  Adellna,  BaronesB  CederstrOm 

).     An  Italian  soprano  prima  donna,  bom  In  Madrid. 

pat'ty,  1  pat'i;  2  p&t'y,  n.    [pat'ties  dl  pie. 

[<  F.  pate.  PASTE.]      pat  'ly  rp;in",  n      A  pan  for  a  patty. 

Pau,  1  po;2  po,  re.    A  town  in  s.  \v.  France;  pop,  37,100, 

Pau,  Paul  M.  C.  ii.   (1848  ).     A   trench  general  In  the 

European  War  of  19 14   15. 
pau'ol-ty,  1  p6'si-ti;  2  pa'ci-tv,  ».    Smallneas  of  aumber 

or  quantity.    |<  I..  paucita(t*)s,  <poucu*,few  J 
paugn'ty,  1  pfiH'ti;  2  PftH'ty,  a,  [Scot  I  Baughty;  Insolent 
Paul,  1  pel;  2  pal,  n.    I.  Saint  (      67?  A    D     tho  apostle  of 
the  Gentiles;  Acta  ix;  writer  ol  various  epistles     i.  Om  nl 
several  popes;  especlallj  (1)  Paul  III.    (1488   1540 
sandro  Fs  ©  invoked  '  louncll  of  Tren  P.  V\ 

(1476   i  i50),  <  llovannl  Plctro  < 
inaiion.    S.  Emperor  of  Russia  (1764    1801        Paul'lne, 

■    Paul '1st,  n.    R.C.Ch.    1.   \  member  ol  U 

tlon  of  the  Missionary  Priests  of  St    Paul  the  \ 

moniy  called  Paitlist  FaOitrs, founded  In  Mev  \ i  1858 

t.  In  India,  a  Jesuit. 
Paul  and    Vlr-gln 'l-a.      \n   Idyllic  romance  I 

ii  juvenile  lovers  around  wl i  thi 

I'aiii'ding.  l   pel'din;  2  ml'dlng,  Blram 

United  stab 
paiil'drou,  1   pol'dren;  :.'  pul'dron,  n       \  dctai  I 

plate  armor  to  protect  thosl  01 

Pau-ll'nut,  I  i 'inis;.'.'  pa  li'nfl  .  Sain  I  i  on       v 

Roman 
Paul  Pry.  [  prol;  2  prj       I.  A  oo 

the  inqul  It  e.  i ■  t  1 1.   ■ 
paunch,  1  pom  h  oi  pom     .  :'  i   ■  ' 

abdomen     '-'■  The  iirst  stomncl 

inn  oi  :,  I..  II     |      01  paunch  I 

pauper.  It  I  >ni  dcpcndonl  oi 

,1,    in.,:,    pei  ion  who  l  ii  cntitli  d  to 

liel   |l   ,i i  |     pau'pered.n    Madi  apaupri      puti 

per-lsiii,  n      I.   I'. 

POVKRT1        |iau"p<T-l-/.i»'|or-sa '  lion.  •,       in.   o.t 

pimp.  M  in      pau'per-lseor-lie.rt    romduoox 

I'aii-sa'ul-a-.    1    pfl  I  188 

B.  (  lartan  general,  delnati  tl   I 

...  of  in-  3d  ot  Qtury. 


1  B  «:  not.  flr;  full.  rtf»i  bvl    btml 

•     '  '      »        ■   ■•       ■    ■       v     ■■       i.i.i        i    ..,...,,,.,„;    (7| 


p.l-1   ll     i"ll 


I 


In. 


lO  I'll'' 

1 
I 


our;,      pal   Int. 

' 
■ 

i .  ible  >t 

:|.    \ 

rfly,  tent  ] 


pal  ' t »—  ii t  ii 
I'  »"  • 
hands    - 


I 
ling  it 

1.  1.  •    with 

i  ]   To 

II.  I.  tof  .'Hi 

animal  having  ti-.  .'.  lunusy 

human  hai  .    <  MI.C.  pote,  pan  ] 

paw 

pa»k.  :  .  i>.nik : .     pawk'r, 

pawk'l-l) .         pawkl-ness,  • 
pa* I.  ]  1  piece 

ick  "r  detent. 

irity  for  a  loan. 

oal  property) 

I  ty  for  :i  1 .  ..-in. 

PAD  n  ';i-lil   c    . 
paw  n   l>r-ik    •  r.  of  lend- 

ing' o  pan  ii  iiruk"- 

Inc.  i'i.i:i  bwok"er-aci    .     pawn'er,    n      One  who 

pawns  per~  pawn'or   .     pawn '.-shop", 

l  ,i     1 1'  k ' .  i .    . 

P. 
*  North- 
Amertcan  lmltai,-  "tna. 

paw', 

».     A  rlty  In  N.   E 

. 
I . 

:  -ubject.  as  t!.. 
.     •  '.  ;•••  i  •■     [I...  [x-ui<  ; 

.    fi 
.     ■ 
als.  aa  bof 

r-was"yt. 

I.       l.i 
■ 

•■  ;-  •. 

I. 
5. 
•■  7. 

II 

[  <    F. 

Indemnify,  liquidate, 

i ..  1 1 1 )  "in. 


pal  war 


I'll.  I. 


lie  scams  of  a  vessel. 


■  ■■•■  nh  bo) 
"I     ptier.  < 


2 

Due 


i'i>    i-Mi.  o  u  i"  iir..ni.  ramuMra 


i'ii' 
i' ii  •  i . 

pa)  mi.  pa)  I  .  |.  .i 

r .ii  n.  . 

|in    mm    .  1   i* 


■  u  li"iii   money  l«  paid 

p  .i    in.,     i,  i . 

p  ii    in.nl.  I       I  |  , 

■  i  i 
l. 

John  ii... i  ii. i  \ 

p  1 1  aim, 

I'''  .  P.O.,  .  -.in. il 

■  ouncll 
p.e.,                                           .i      pd.,o66r 

•  '-  I    .  'ii i>ii 

i"  '  I.  A  olimhing 

:!  herb  "i  the  bean  family,  having  pinnate  i 
i  •     pi  tsi   | 

pea   .  \  :  ill....  i,  ] 

- , .  Gi  ..rw    1705-1809       In 

American  bunker  iii  i  Bilanthroplsi 

in.ii  >■■  L  ]  I.  '■  dot  oi  tranquillity; 

calm;  repose     -.  Absen  n  ol  »ar,  ■  i  ■ 

» 1 1 — t -. . i .  1     S.  \    tate  of  reconciliation;  concord.    [<    OP, 
i  .  i "   ■  ■  i      peace 'a- 

bl  •■  .         I.   Inclined  i"  peace     '.'.  Peaceful;  tranquil,    - 
peace 'a- hi  e-ness*,  ■      peace'a-bly,  peace 'nil, 

i        empl  fmm  war,  riot,  or  commotion;  undisturbed     ■.'. 
■  fe.    8,  inrim.  d  to  or  used  In  pi 

'   il  M.   ri.  ill.         peace 'fiil-l).  tufl        pcacc'fiil-iics>,  ;, 

pe.iee'niak"er.  n    iwhoeffei  to  effect,  8  rec- 

itlon    between    unfriendly   partlot       peace' of  "fer- 
ine, n.     in  offering  for  tli  oe  or  reconciliation; 
a               i                      i  evltlcal  law, 
peach*,  1  plcn; :.'  I'.'.ii.  ii.  [Colloq.]  To  inform  against  an  ac- 
complice.   [Abbr.  of  ram  - 
peach,  /..    The  fruit  of  the  peach«tree,  a  fleshy,  high* 
flavored,  juicy,  edible  drupe;  also,  the  tree      [«     lr 
Persian  apple  .    peach'< 

tree",  pi,     a  tn r  the  rose  family,  8  i"  20  reel 

tilled  in  the  apricot,  plum,  and  cherry. 
peach  '> ,  a     peach  l-ness,  n. 

pea 'cock",   1    pi'k.ik";   2  p*'- 

.  '..    A  male  peafowl, 

1  '•il"  *      ' ,  i 

rta,  marked  with  beau- 
tifully colored  eye»Hke8pot8, 
and  for  its  neck  ami  b 
of  iridescent  greenish 
blue.  [<  \s  pduxz,  ult. 
<  Per.  Ulwus.  peacock.  + 
'  "  ki,  n.\  —  pea'cock"lsh,  <;. 
\  aln;  pretentious  pea'- 
cock">:.  pea  'fowl*,  n.  A 
peacock.  —  pea'- 

llen',     n.       A    fC- 

male  peafowl. 
Pea'cock,  Thomas 

Lore  i  i  : 
1886)     in  En- 
glish *itiri. 
and  no 

i  uk'Vt.        ] 
p  I '  •  j  a  k  "  e  t  ;  2  • 
peV»jak*8t, 

A  of  thick 
cloth,  uur:i  bj   seami  n. 

i>'-:ik    .  I  :  '  1. 1     tfavt.    To  raise  vertically,  as  a 

raid.    II.  i     'i  i.  n  e  or  point  upward. 

pi  ak  I,  jrf ,     I 

'I 

peak,  n.    1.  A  projecting  point  «.i  edgi      ''..  A  mountain 
summit.    .'{.  The  aftei  i  of  a  fore-. 

pi  i  end  of  a  gaff.  I   :  1 1    pea  ,  pointed  ol 
peak  'eil,  a     l.i  odlng  In  a  po  i 
roof.    2,  [Colloq. ]  Having  a  thin  or  sickly  appeal 
peak'y,  a.    1.  Abounding  In  peaks.    2.  [Colloq.]  Peaked. 
peal,  1   iii;  2  pel      I.  vt    •'■  1  o  rinn  loudly; 

(rivi-  out  I..  ,  ound.    II.  n.    1.  A  prolonged, 

sonorous,  clanging  oi  a  bell  or  trumpet.    2.  A 

■   usically attuned.    3»Thechang 
on  a  chime.     [<  t  appel.cail.]    Syn.:  see  boab. 

pe'an, 

pea  'nut",  1  pFnut*;  2  pS'nfif,  n.     A  fruit  of  a  trailing 
plant  of  the  bean  family,  ripening  under  ground 
the  plant  itself .    groiiiid'nui"! -,  ground  '•pea" 
ill',  •.  . 

pear,  ]  par  I  !..-  juicy,  edible  fleshy  truit  of  a 

I  family.    [<  L. 

pearl,  1  pOxl;  2  pSrl,  c.   I.  f.   1.  To  adorn  with  pearls.   >.  io 


Peacock. 


(<    D.   pig,   coarse 


XVI      |:£»%%u:  &*■  f!-eI  ^l^.V  pr€-y:  ^!t>  police:  ohey-  &'>  net-  Sr:  faH.  rGle;  bot.  burn; 
573      2.  art,  ape,  fat,  fare,  last,  what,  aO;  me,  get,  prey,  fern;  hit,  ice;  I  =  e;  I  =  e;  go,  ndt,  or,  w6n! 


pause 
pedigree 


cause  to  resemble  pearls.    II.  *.    1.  To  hunt  for  pearls.    2. 
To  be  or  become  like  pearls. 
pearl.     I.  a.     Pertaining  to,  consisting  of,  or  made  of 
pearl  or  of  mother=of=pearl;  as,  a  pearl  button.     II.  re. 

1.  A  lustrous,    calcareous   concretion 
deposited  in  layers  around  a  central 
nucleus  in  the  shells   of   various  mo 
lusks,  and  largely  used  as  a  gem.    2. 
Something  like  or  likened  to  such  a 
substance.    3.  A  size  of  printing-typo, 
smaller  than  agate.  See  type.  [  <  LL. 
perla,   prob.   dim.  of  L.  pimm,  pear.]  — 
pearl 'ash",   re.     Crude  potas- 
sium carbonate. — pearl '=oys"- 
ter,  n.    A  large  bivalve  of  trop- 
ical   seas,    yielding    pearls.  — 
pearl 'y,   a.     1.  Adorned  with, 
yielding,  or  resembling    pearls. 

2.  Having  a  pure,  sweet  tone. 
pear 'main,  1  par' men  or  per'men; 

2  par'man  or   par'man,   n 


Peanut,  showing  manner 
of  growth. 


variety  of  apple.  [<  OF.  permatn,  <  L.  per-,  very,  + 
magnus,  great.] 

Pear'son,  1  pir'san;  2  per'son,  John  (1613-1GSG).  An  En- 
glish prelate  and  writer. 

peart,  1  pirt;  2  pert,  a.  [Colloq.]  In  good  health  and  spirits; 
active;  lively.     [=  pert.]     peertt.— pcart'ly,  adv. 

Pea'ry,  1  pl'ri;  2  pe'ry,  Robert  Edwin  (1856-  ).  An 
American  arctic  explorer;  reached  the  North  Pole,  April  G, 
1909. 

peas'ant,  1  pez'ant;  2  pes/ant,  n.  In  Europe,  a  petty 
farmer;  a  farmdaborer.  [<  OF.  paisant,  <  pots,  coun- 
try.]— peas'ant-ry,  n.  The  peasant  class;  a  body  of  peas- 
ants. [cod"t. 

paas'cod",  1  plz'ked":  2  pes/cod",  n.    A  pea-pod.    pease'- 

pease,  1  piz;  2  peg,  n.  sing.  &  pi.  Peas  collectively.  [< 
AS.  pise,  <  L.  pisum,  pea.] 

peat1,  1  pit;  2  pet,  n.  1.  A  substance  of  partially  car- 
bonized vegetable  material,  found  usually  in  bogs.  2. 
A  block  of  peat  pressed  and  dried  for  fuel.  [Ult.  <  AS. 
belan,  mend.] — peat'=boa;",  n.  An  accumulation  of  peat  in 
a  marsh. — p.*moss,  n.  1.  A  moss  that  often  enters  largely 
into  the  composition  of  peat.  2.  [Local,  Eng.]  A  peat-bog. 
— peat'y,  a.    Resembling  or  containing  peat. 

p?at2t,  n.    A  small  person;  pet:  said  of  young  women. 

pea'vey,  1  pi'vi;  2  pe'vy,  n.  A  pointed  iron  lever  fitted  with 
a  movable  hook  and  used  for  handling  logs.  [I'cary,  the 
inventor.]    pea'vyt. 

peb'ble, )  1  peb'l;  2  peb'l.    I.  vt.  &  vi.    [peb'bled;  peb'- 

peb'lp,  )  bling.]  To  impart  a  rough  grain  to  leather. 
II.  n.  1.  A  small  rounded  fragment  of  rock.  2.  An 
agate.  3.  A  quartz-crystal  lens.  4.  Pebbled  leather, 
— peb'blesstonc",  n.  1.  A  pebble.  2.  A  material  con- 
sisting of  a  mass  of  pebbles. — peb'bly,  a. 

pe-can',  1  pi-kan'  or  pi-kdn';  2  pc-ean'  or  pe-can',  n.  1. 
A  large  hickory  of  the  central  and  southern  United 
States,  with  olive-shaped  thin-shelled  nuts.  2.  The 
nut  borne  by  this  tree.     [Prob.  of  Am.  Ind.  origin.] 

pec'ca-bl(ep,  1  pek'a-bl;  2  peVa-bl,  a.  Capable  of  sin- 
ning.   [<  L.  pecco,  sin.] — pec"ca-bil'i-ty,  n. 

pee"ca-dil'lo,  1  pek"o-dil'o;  2  peV'a-dll'o,  n.  [-losz  or 
-LOESz,  pi.]  .  A  slight  or  trilling  sin.  [<  Sp,  pecadillo, 
dim.  of  pc.cado,  sin.]    Syn.:  see  foible. 

pee'eant,  1  pek'ant;  2  pfic'ant,  a.  1.  Being  a  sinner  or  trans- 
gressor. 2.  Corrupt  and  offensive;  diseased.  :{.  \  lolatlng 
some  rule  or  principle.  [<  L.  pcccan(i-)s,  ppr.  of  pecco,  gin.] 
— pee'ean-cy,  n.  [-cibsz,  pi.]  1.  The  quality  of  being  sin- 
ful.   2.  A  particular  act  of  sinfulness. 

pee'ea-ry,  1  pek'a-n;  2  pfic'a-ry,  n. 
nacious     hog-like     American 
mammal,    secreting    an    oily, 
musky  substance.    [Of  S.Am. 
origin] 

pee-ca'vl,  I  pe-ke'val;  2  pC-ca'vI. 
[L.)  I  have  sinned;  it  is  my 
fault. 

Pe-chl-ll',  1  pe-ciil-ll';  2  pe-chl- 
II',  n.    Same  asCnniLi. 

peck',  1  pek;  2  pek,  v.  I. 1.  I. 
To  strike   with   or   as  with  Peccary.    '/>» 

the  beak;  effect  by  quick  and  repeated  blows,  mm  of  a 
beak.  2.  To  pick  up  with  Hi"  beak.  II.  i  to  uai  is 
a  beak  in  striking.  [War.  of  PICK,  I  I  peek 'er,  re,  I. 
One  who  or  that  which  pecks.    2.  A  pick;  a  pll 

peck',  n.     1.  A  mea  uri tap  fourth  of  a 

bushel.  2.  A  vessel  for  mi  inn  i  peck  •'{-  [Humor- 
ous.]    A  great  quantity.     [Prob        peck,  ».] 

peck2,  n.    A  quick,  sharp  blow,  a    with  a  beak. 

pec'tcn,  1  pek'ten; 2 pfie'teii,  »  ■■' I    '■  I  comb, 

or  comb-like  part  or  process:  specifically.  In  birds,  " 
pigmented  membrane  of  the  eyeball.    2.  I'oncli.  A  scallop. 


\  pug- 


[L.,  comb.]— pec 'tl-nate,  a.  Having  a  pecten  or  peotines; 
comb-like,  pec'ti-nafedj. 
pec'to-ral,  1  pek'to-relj  2  pjfe'to-ral.  I.  o.  Pertaining 
to  the  breast  or  thorax.  II.  n.  tl.  An  ornament  worn 
on  the  breast,  2.  A  pectoral  organ,  tin,  or  muscle  S. 
Any  medicine  for  ailments  of  the  chest.  [<  I  oectoralis 
<  pectus,  breast.] 

pec'u-late,   1  pek/yu-lfit;  2  peVyu-lat,  vi.     [-lat"ed<>  ; 
-lat"ing.]    1.  To  appropriate  public  property  i 
own  use.    2.  To  embezzle;  steal;  pilfer.    |<  I.  peculatua 
pp.  of  pectdor,  defraud  the  public.]— pec"u-Ia'tlon,  n  — 
pec'u-la"tor,  n. 

pe-cu'liar,  1  pi-kiul'yer;  2  pe-cfll'yar:    I.  a,    1.  Having  a 
character  exclusively  its  own;  unlike  anything  else  or 
anything  of  the  same  class  or  kind;  specific;  particular; 
also,  singular;  strange.     2.  Select  or  special;  separate- 
distinguished.    3.  Belonging  particularly  or  exclusively 
to  one.     II.  n.     A  person  or  thing  that  is  p<  culiar;  for- 
merly, any  private  possession.     (<  L.  ptculUir.  ■ . 
own,  <  peeviittm,  property  in  cattle,  <  pecus,  cattle 
see  extraordinary;  odd;  particular;    queer;    rare  — 
pe-cu"li-ar'i-ty,  n.    I-tiks'-,  pi.]    \.  \  characterlsl 
The  quality  of  being  peculiar.     Syn.:  see  i  im:\.  n  nisTIC. 
— pe-eu'Har-ly,  adv. 

pe-cu'ni-a-ry,  1  pi-kiu'm-e-n;  2  pe-eQ'ni-a-ry,  a.  Con- 
sisting of  or  relating  to  money;  monetary.  f<  L,  pecu- 
niarius,  <  pecunia,  wealth.]    Syiu  see  wnanciai,. 

ped,lped;2p6d,n.[Prov.  Eng.]  A  basket.  [Akin  to  POD.]  pad;. 

-ped.    A  suffix  meaning;  footed,  as  quadru 

ped'a-gog,      )  1  ped'a-gog;  2  pM'a-gog,  ».    1.  A  Bchool- 

ped^a-gogue,  )  master;   especially,   a   pedantic,    narrow" 
minded  teacher.    2.  Class.  Antiq.  A  slave  who  attended 
children  to  school.     [<  Gr.L  paidagdgos,    <   pi 
child,  +  ago,  lead.]— ped"a-Kog'lc,  1  ped'e-gej'ik; 
a-gdg'ie.    I.  o.    1.  Pertaining  t"  the  science  or  art  of  teach- 
ing.   2.  Of  or  belonging  to  a  pedagog;  affected  wltn 

ceit  of   learning.      II.    n.      Same  as   PEDAGOGICS.      pcd".i- 
gog'1-calt.— ped"a-KOK'l-eal-ly,  adv.-  ped"a-gOg'Ics,  «, 
The  science  and  an  ol  teaching. — ped'a-gog-lsm, 
nature,  character,  or  business  of  a  peda  -       p.ai".i-g,r- 
Ky,  n.    1.  Pedagogics.    2.  Pedagogism. 
ped'iil,  1  ped'al;  2  pSd'al.    I.  vt.  &  vi.    To  operate  by 

pedals;   use  the  pedals.      II.  a.      Pertaining   to  a   foot, 

foot-like  part,  or  a  pedal.  III.  n.  A  lever  for  the  foot, 
differing  from  a  treadle  in  that  it  is  usually  applied  only 
to  musical  instrument-,  cycles,  Bewing  machines,  and 

light  machinery.     [<   L,  pedaltB,    <   pe(d-)«, 

ped'ant,  1  ped'ant;  2  pedant,  re.  1.  A  BOholai  who 
makes  needless  and  inopportune  display  of  his  learning, 
or  who  insists  upon  the  importance  of  trilling  points  of 
scholarship.     2f.  A  schoolmaster;  teacher.      |<    !■'.    ;■<- 

dant,  Ult.    <    Or.    ,  iA |        pc-dan  'tic,   a. 

pe-dan'tl-calt.  —  pe-dan'll-cal-ly,  adv.  pcirant-rj,  n 
1.  Ostentatious  display  of  knowledge.  2.  Undue  and  oon- 
celted  adherence  to  forms  or  rules,    pe-dan  'ti-'Cal-neu : . 

ped'ale,  1  ped'fit; 2 pfid'at, a.    I.  '/.nui.  i;.  having 

the  functions  of  a   foot.     2.   /■'"/.   Palmatel]    db 
parted,  the  lateral  divisions  being  subdivide! 
daily  of  leaves.    [«     i..  pedatus,  pp,  of  pi  to,  furni  li  with 
feet,  <  pe(d-)s,  toot.]    ped'ate-ly,  pe-dat'l-fld,  a. 

Hot.  Having  the  subdivision   of  a  simple  leaf,  whlon 
ately  nerved,  extending  hahVway  to  the  I 

ped 'die,  II  ped'l;  :.'  pi  d'l,  v.    [ped'dled,  ped'ld*;  p«n'- 

ped'Ip,  idling.]  I.  '.  I.  To  sell  in  small  quantities 
from  hou  le  to  house  '-'.  rodi  p  n  •  little  bj  UtU(  II. 
i.    To  hawk;  do  a  petty  business,    |-    pedleb.] 

ped  'dler,  etc.    Bami  I  US. 

-pede,     UjJIX.     Same  a 

Pe'dce  rlv'er,  ]  pPdl  3  pC'dO.  A  river  in  8.  E  North  Carolina 

and  \ .  i  ■:  Bouth  Carolina;  length,  416  m.  to  Wlnyah  I 
ped  'es-iai,  I  ped'i     I  ■  '  ,2  pi  a  •     taJ 

BtatUC,  or  \  a  10.      ["      ll     /'  •  dt    tallo,  DO    I    I 

pc-des'trl-al,  i  I;  2  po-dcs'ti  I 

to  or  con  he.  led  with  the  foot  or  with  wall 
pe-des'lri-an,  I  pi-dea'l  I  ' 

,1  by  or  oonnectcd  with  walking     '-*.  Per- 
taining to  common  people;  plebeian     :»•  I'rosuii  ■■<  dull, 

B     pi mechanical  VelW         II.  1 

or  moves  from  place  p,  pi  e,    , 
;„,/,    |  pc-iles    (rl     III    I    Ml. 

pe"dl-al'rles,  I   pr.h-|er  ped'l  |al 

of  children 

Id.    I    t<ilrll..,s,  |mti    In  0  I'll'    li  Inn  I 

ped'l-cel,  i  i 

porl [li  flowcrii  I' 

L.vcdU  i '  '■ 

pe-dlc'u-loui 

pcd'l-grec,  Lped'i-grl  ' 

lineage  '-'•  Vlistorl  il  nndn  latii 

m  animal  ol  pure  bn  i  d 


Ill**  II  ( 

|h  it   luinr 

illrlll  . 


i        .  •  I  ii.  ...        if    rtr:    full,  rule;   lull,  Loiti; 

.  •  ill  I  ,  ii.  u I'll.  <ii,  «on.     B74 


I 


,..  .1   ..- 


.-.I.,  in 


ll«t. 
-I.  r. 


|..  .1   I  .1 

I 
|i.i    ,|,.- 

lll:l!   SUSUUn  |>. 


i"    do-bap'tlsm, 


thai   measure!  .h-- 
lanrv  ikcn  by 

I-  -Inn    ,  I   .     .  :■■  -duu'i'l.   n.      1.    B 

i,  dim.,  <  L. 

|i.-iliui  i  u-l.ir.  [ii'-tl mi  iii-l.il.  .      . 

■■•.   1hn.iik.-ti  .i  ■ 

peek     i  i ". 

■   .mil    rails   out 

peel,  I.        I.  [*o  strip  off  the  bark  or  akin 

II.  •      i\.  be  ili- 
I  or  .-kin      (  <   I..r  petti*, 
i"  eled,  i  iter  clothing  or  peeL 

pl<  Ii  i  .  pllledt. 

rtain  kinds  of  fruit, 
rind:  prop  rly  said  only 
by  peeling. 
P«tI>.  a.    1.  . ■-■  landled  shovel-like  implc- 

.''..iii  an  oven. 
rormt-rly  used  In  l  n- 
could  nut  v. 
!  i»rt  of  an  oar.    [  <  OP.  pele.  <  L. 

on  tin-  iiorili-rs  of  Scotland 
and  K  rig  la:,  p.il '  house";. 

Ski  K"i>. n     .   -  •   .  prime  minister. 

i"  •  p  •  I  •  l.i  i  ilj  [j  or  pryingly, 

as  t:  •  .'.   I  ..  show  oni 

ilment;  be  Been  partially, 
II.  '      I.  A  furl i   i 
a  glimpse  •  "  -•  \ii  aperture  or  crevice  through 

[Prob.   <  ran*,  r.]  — 
i>-  •  ■  ■  '  ■        i  .'.    i  oiioq  ]  An  eye. 

i  itter  a  smaU  r  like  a 

■  lily  <.r  faintly.     II.  n. 

• .:.  spring.    [  < 
.  tpto:  Imitative.]  — peep'er',  n.    An  ani- 
mal that  peeps,  as  a  young  bird. 
I"  |  r  ■  ■  or  upon  an  ob- 

nquiringry;   gase  with  strain  nr 
peer'y,         I.  *  sharply;  prying;  scruti- 

p.-.-r'le:      Boot.]. 

I  -  :fi  social  rank. 

I.  ible;  in  the  United 

r!,  viscount,  or  baron    [  < 

peer 'age, 

■     i.  The  rani  ■  I  !  ibllfty.— peer'i 

either  In  her  own  rlgbi 

peer  less,  a.     Ol  unequaled 

-l  -ni  [string,    pecr'le;. 

p  spun  with  a 

p**»ed.  ."i-eable. 

»h,  .  I.  Feebly  fretful  and 

'.  writ'  petulant  <ii- 

I  [1'erhaps  imita- 

n> i  i.     pee'trlsb- 
I).  pi-<-'»l-h-in-«.  '.      Syn.:  sec  impatience. 

I.  '       ■       ■  into;  fasten  by 

II  M  ]  To  worl  ugly:  generally 

ivciy. 
i  d'-ri  pin  used  for  fastening  articles 

the  end  of  a  Hiring  in  a 
•.  thrust  or  driven 
•   upon  which  something  may  be 
•  hung     3.  A  pretext  or  excuse.    4.  [Colfoq.]  I 


\  .1. .  •  J  .  ..in  down  •  pas, 

i     n  n  •    peg    top*,  -.      \   bo)  h 
■ptnnlrsr*top  i  »nd  madool  wood 

1  ■•'    1/fM.  a  winged 

J  Inaplratlon 
P    I    I  .  it  ii,, .-  i  ilward  Island 

pelset. 
!•      |u  r.i'tlon.  1  p|'  -i      I  i.  i.rlurn- 

ii. .ii.  degeneration,  twpcclall)  In  the  meanlni  ol  ■  word  I  - 
pe-Jor'a-tli  e  ■•    I.  a, 
<  .u  nit:  a  deteriorating  i*n\ 

ii  i     \  W..T.I  ox) doproi  Istlon      pi- 

lot    i-ll\    eh     . 

pek'an,  l  pek'sn:  2  ptk'an,  n     \  North*  American  oamlvora 
mewhal  foxlll  o,  the  fur  ol  this  animal 

Mil     Iml  | 
pc'kln.    1    plkm.  2  pfkln,   n       A    fabric,   usually  of  latin,  In 
whlOh  llw  sirliM-s  run  with  I  lie  warp      I  ■      PtttH,  <   hlna  ] 

Pe-ldng',  I  p)  v  walled  clt)  ..f  N    i    i  hl- 

iptta!  of  China;  i « •  i »  008,000     Peldnt.    ivking- 

'"•■  Imal.  U  uf  fur      |l-'  I 

p.  i  ige,  l  pel'ij;  2  pei'af,  «    The  coal  ..r  covering  of  ■  mam- 

l».— la  Kl- in  .  1  |.i  1.  -ji  ..n.L' |»-  la'i:l  an      I..,      Pelagic      II.  n. 

t  deep  sea  animal    I      L.pelaaiut,  ■    Or.  ptiagiot,  ■    ;..;- 

MB  I 

i".  -i  I'ni-.-ur.  i.  a  i  if  ,,r  pertaining  t"  Pelaglus  ..r  Pela- 
glanJam.  II.  n  Ch.  Bin  of  the  aset  founded  by  Pela- 
glus; a  believer  In  Pelaglanlsm. 

Pe-la'gf-an-lsm,  -.  me  bodj  of  doctrinei  held  by  the 

followers  of  Pelaglns,  a  British  monk  (about  \   n   i ,who 

denied  original  sin.  confined  grace  to  forgiveness,  and  at- 
iinui-ii  iiiai  man'i  unaided  «m  is  capable  ol  spiritual  good. 

p»-l;ig'l<-.  l  pi-laj'ik;  2  pe-lag'ie,  a      Pertaining  to 
habiting   the  sea  far  from  land;   specifically,  inhabit- 
ing the  surf  aoe  of  midooean.    [<  Qt.  pelaaikos,  ■    pefo- 
.  open  sea  ] 

Pe-las'gl,  1  pi-laVJol;  2  pr-ias'iii,  n.  pi.    a  prehistoric  nu f 

the  coasts  ol  Greece,  Aris  Minor,  Crete,  Thrace,  etc.  (I..J 
Pe-ias'gi-ans:.     Pe-las'gl-an,  a.  a  n.— Pe-las'gle,  a. 

l'i-"iei-'.  i  pi  •;. ■•  .'  pg  i.'.  n  \  i  olcano  on  the  Island  ol  Mar- 
Unique;  disastrous  eruptions.  May  8  and  Aug.  80,  1002 

pcl'iT-InK-,  1   pel'sr-ln  or  -In;  2  iiilrr-iii  or    in.  n.     A  long 

narrow  cape  worn  by  women.    [>    E    pilerttu,  ■    OF.  pella- 
grin; see  i-iu;kim  ] 
PeleUS,  1   pI'llOs  or  pl'li-us;  2   pf'lQs  or  po'U^us,  n       I  la 

Myth.     A  king  of  Thessaly;  father  of  Achilles  —Pel 'l-des, 

n.     Achilles. 
pelf,  1  pelf;  2  pelf,  n.      Money;  wealth:  often  implying  ill- 

gotten  gains.     [<  OF.  pel/rev.  spoil]     Syn.:  see  wealth. 
I'e'll-as,   1   pI'li-,18  or  pel'i-as;  2  pe'll-as  or  pel'l-as.  n.   (loss. 

.\fyth.  A  Thessalian  king,  who  sent  Jason  to  fetch  him  the 

golden  fleece. 
pei'1-ran,  l  pel'i-ken;  2  peTi-ean,  n.    A  large  gregarious 

fi.sli'i-ating  biril  of  warm  regions,   having  a  large  iin-ni- 

branous  pouch  on   the   lower  jaw,   for   the   temporary 

■  ■  of  fish,     See  iukp.     [<  Or.  pelekan,  pelican.] 

pel'e-cant;  pei'H-cant. 

I'e'll-on.  l  plli-en;  2  pftTl-On,  n.    A  mountain  of  Thessaly.— 

to  pile  Pel  In  ll  (III  Otaa*  see  (  )SSA. 

pe-llsse',  1  pe-lls';  2  pe-IIs',  n.  A  long  outer  garment  or 
cloak:  originally  one  of  fur  or  lined  With  fur.     [F.l 

poll,  1  pel;  2  pel.  n.  1.  A  skin;  pelt;  hence,  a  parchment 
roll.    2t.  Fur.    [ <  L.OF  pettts,  skin.] 

pel-la 'gra,  1  pe-ir-'gra  or  -lag'ra;  2  pMft'gra  or  -l&g'ra.  n.  A 
iiiseas.-  characterised  by  gastric  disturbance,  skin-eruptions, 
and  nervous  derangement.  Its  cause  Is  uncertain,  hut  has 
been  atiriimteii  by  some  to  the  eating  of  spoiled  maize.   [< 

1.  iitllls,  skin,  -+-  CJr.  agra.  caK-hlng.]  — pe-la'grous,  a. 
Pelle-as,  1  i«-l'i-as:  2  pcl'e-as.  Sir.    In  Arthurian  legend,  one 

of  the  Knights  of  the  Round  Table. 
pellet,  1  pel',  t,  2  pel'i't,  r».     1.  A  small  round  ball,  as  of 

wax,  paper,  etc.    2.  A  small  shot.    3.  A  very  small  pill. 
v,  ball,   <   L.  pll'i,  hall.) 
pcl'li-cl  B*,  1  pel'l-kl;  2  peTi-el,  r».     A  tliin  skin,  film,  or 

layer.     [  <  L.  pellicula,  dim.  of  pdlis,  skin.] — pel-llc'U- 

lar,  a. 
pel'll-to-ry,  ]  pel'i-to-n;  2  pal'1-tO-ry,  n.     [-ltlE8«.  pi.]     Any 

one  of  various  diffuse  or  tufted  weed-like  herbs  of  the  nettle 

family.  [<  OP.  parltolrc,  <  L.  parietaria,  <  paries,  wall.] 
pell"«nK'ir,  |  1  pi-r-mi -1';  2  p81**mSl',  adv.  In  a  confused 
pel"«mel'p,  )  or  promiscuous  way  or  manner.     [<  OF. 

>  I.  4-  metier,  mix.) 
pel-Ill 'eld,  1  pe-IiiVsid;  2  pe-lu'cid,  a.     1.  Permitting  to  a 

certain  extent  the  passage  of  light;  translucent;  limpid. 

2.  [Archaic  or  Poet]  Transparent;  clear.  [<  L.  per, 
through,  +  luceo,  shine]  Syn.:  see  CLEAB;  transparent. 
—  pel-lu'cld-ly,  nrir.—  pel-lu'cld-ness,  n. 

Pe-Iop'l-das.  1  pi-lnp'i-dos;  2  pe-16p'l-das.  n.    (       -364  B.  C.) 

A  Thcban  general;  defeated  tne  Spartans. 
l'el"o-pon-ne'siis,    1  pel'o-pct-nl'stis;   2    pel'o-po-nS'sus,    n. 
i in   andenl  name— Pel"o-pon-ne'slan,  a. — Pel- 

oponneslan  war,  a  war  between  Athens  and  Sparta  and 

their  allies  (431-404  B.  C). 


1:  a  =  final;    l  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sing;    fhin,   thia.     pediment 
575    2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,  but,   burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   thia.    pen  name 


Pe'lops,  1  pl'lops;  2  pe'lops,  n.  Class.  Myth.  A  Phrygian 
prince;  slain  by  his  own  father  and  his  flesh  served  to  the 
gpds;  for  this  crime  his  family  was  cursed. 

pe-To'ta,  1  pe-16'ta;  2  pe-lo'ta.  n.    A  game,  popular  in  Spain 
and  among  Spanish=Amcricans,  played  in 
a  court  with  a  ball  and  a  long  curved  in- 

|  strument  fitted  to  the  hand  with  a  glove. 
tSp.] 

pel'ourf,  n.    A  pillar;  column. 

peltd,  lpelt;  2  p51t,  v.  \.t.  To  strike  or 
assail  with  something  thrown.  II.  t. 
To  throw  anything;  descend  violently, 
as  missiles,  rain,  or  snow,  etc.  [  <  L. 
pullo  (=  pulso),  beat.] 

pelf,  n.  An  undressed  fur«skin.  [Per- 
haps abbr.  of  peltry.] 

pelt2,  n.  1.  A  blow,  as  one  given  by 
something  thrown.  21".  Anger;  rage. 
[  <  pelt,  v.] 

pel'tast,  1  pel'tast;  2  pei'tast,  n.  Class. 
Anttg.  One  who  bore  a  pella,  or  light 
leather»covered  shield;  a  light*armed  sol- 
dier. [  <  Gr.  peltastes,  <  pelte,  small 
leather  shield.] 

pel'tate,    1   pel'tet;    2  pel'tat.    a.     Shield-    v 

shaped;  specifically  (Bot.),  attached  to  the    relola»pia> er. 
stalk  at  or  near  the  center  of  the  lower  surface,  as  a  leaf. 
[  <   L.  peltatus,  armed  with  a  shield,  <  pella,  <  Gr.  pelll, 
shield.]     pel'tat-edj. 

pelt'lnglj,  a.     Paltry;  trifling;  unimportant. 

pelt'ry,  1  pelt'n;  2  pelt'ry,  n.  [pelt'ries2,  pi.]  1.  Pelts 
collectively.     2.  A  pelt.     [<  OF.  peleterie,   <  pel,  skin.] 

pel 'vis,  1  pel' vis;  2  pei'vis,  n.  The  part  of  the  skeleton 
that  forms  a  bony  girdle  joining  the  lower  or  hinder 
limbs  to  the  body:  composed,  in  man,  of  the  two  hip» 
bones  and  the  sacrum.  [L.,  basin.] — pel'vic,  a.  Of, 
pertaining  to,  or  situated  near  the  pelvis. — pelvic  arch, 
that  part  of  the  skeleton  in  vertebrates  to  which  the  hinder 
limbs  (in  man,  the  lower  limbs)  are  attached. 

pem'mi-can,  1  pem'i-kan;  2  pem'1-can,  n.  1.  Originally. 
lean  venison  cut  into  strips,  dried,  pounded  into  paste  with 
fat  and  a  few  berries,  and  pressed  into  cakes.  2.  A  similar 
food  now  made  from  beef  and  dried  fruits.    [Am.  Ind.] 

pen1,  1  pen;  2  pen.  I.  vt.  [penned  or  pent;  pen'ning.] 
To  enclose  in  a  pen;  confine  in  a  small  space:  some- 
times with  up.     II.  n.  A  small  enclosure,  as  for  pigs. 

pen2.  I.  vt.  [penned;  pen'ning.]  To  write  with  a  pen; 
indite.  II.  n.  1.  An  instrument  for  writing  with  a  fluid 
ink:  formerly  made  of  a  quill,  but  now  usually  of  metal 
and  fitted  to  a  holder;  by  extension,  pen  and  holder 
united.  2.  Quality  either  of  penmanship  or  of  compo- 
sition. [  <  L.LL+OF  penna,  feather.]— fountain  pen,  a 
pen  having  a  reservoir  from  which  the  ink  feeds  by  gravity 
to  the  point. — stylographlc  pen,  a  penclUIlke  wrltlng«in- 
strument  having  an  ink=reservoir  from  which  ink  is  fed  to  a 
tubular  writing=point. 

pen.,  abbr.    Peninsula. 

pe'nal,  1  pi'nal;  2  pe'nal,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  punish- 
ment or  its  means  or  place.  2.  Liable  or  rendering  lia- 
ble to  punishment.  3.  Enacting  or  prescribing  punish- 
ment. [OF.,  <  L.  pwnalis,  <  pcena,  punishment  j— 
pe'nal-lze,  vt.  [-ized;  -iz'ing.]  To  make  penal;  subject  to 
penalty. — pen'al-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pl.\  1.  The  consequences, 
as  suffering,  detriment,  etc.,  that  follow  the  transgression 
of  laws.    2.  Judicial  punishment. 

pen'ance,  1  pen'ans;  2  pfin'anc,  it.  Suffering,  loss,  or 
punishment,  voluntarily  endured  as  an  act  of  atone- 
ment.    [OF.,   <  L.  pxnitentia;  see  PENITENCE.] 

Pc"nang',  1  prnan';  2  penning',  n.  1.  A  division  of  the 
Straits  Settlements  Including  IVnang  Island  and  I  he  neigh- 
boring country;  270  sq.  m.:  pop.  281,000;  Capital,  George 
town.    2.  An  island  near  \V.  Malay  Peninsula;  108  Bq.  in. 

Pe-na'tes,  1  pi-nB'tlz;  2  pe-na'tea.  n  pi,  Rom,  Math.  The 
old  Latin  household  gods:  associated  with  the  Lara,  the 
spirits  of  dead  ancestors.     [I...-     pom::.  Inmost  |      [pense'  ; . 

pence,  1    pens;    2  penc,  n.     Plural  of  penny,     pcn'nlcsl; 

pen"fhant',  1  pan'snan'  or  pen'tfhent;  2  pftn'chan'  or 
pen'chant,  n.  A  strong  inclination;  bias  in  favor  of 
something,    [F.] 

pen'cil,  1  pen'sil;  2  pen'cil.  I.  rf.  [-cilbd  or  -cru  i  d, 
-cild8;  -cubing  or  -cii.-i.im;  |  To  mark,  write,  oi 
draw  with  or  as  with  a  pencil,  II.  »  l.  \.  long,  pointed 
strip  of  graphite,  slate,  etc.,  often  enca  led  in  wood;  user  I 
for  writing,  drawing,  etc  '-■  A  imall  finely  pointed 
paint-brush,    hair  pencil!.    8.  Lines  or  rays  diverging 

from  a  given  point.    4.    '/m,l     A.  tuft  of  hair,  fi    ktbet      01 

membrane.  [<  L.°* penicillum,  painters'  bruahj  pen'- 
sllt-  pen'clled,  a.  1.  Marked  with  Oni  lines,  With  or  as 
If  with  a  finely  pointed  pencil.  2.  Having  pencils  Of  lines  Of 
rays,    pcn'cillcdt.— pen'c-11-liig,  n.     iicii'cll-lliigj. 


pendd,  1  pend;  2  pend,  ti.    To  be  awaiting  or  in  pr. 
adjustment  or  settlement.    [<1  pen'- 

dant,  n.  Anything  that  hangs  or  depends  from  something 
else:  a  short  rope,  streamer,  or  pennant,  pen 'dent;. 
pen'den-cy,  n.  1.  The  state  of  being  undecided,  8.  The 
state  of  being  pendent.— pen 'dent,  «:.  1.  Haj 
drooping  downward;  projecting  or  overhanging  ■>.  Unde- 
termined; pending;  Incomplete  peii'dantj.  — pen'dent- 
ly,  adv.— pend'lng.  I.  pa.  Remaining  unfinished  or  un- 
decided. II.  prep.  1.  During  the  continuance  of.  ?.  Await- 
ing; until. 

pen-den'tive, )  1   pen-den'ttv;  2  pen-dfen'tiv,   n.  Arch. 

pen-den'tiv9,  J  The  vaulting  that  serves  to  connect  an 
angle  of  a  square  area  enclosed  by  four  arches  with  a 
dome  that  rests  upon  the  arches.    [  <  pendxn  r,  a  ] 

pen'di-olc,  1  pen'dl-kl;  2  pen'dl-rl.  n.  1.  An  inferior  iM.rtlon 
or  adjunct.  2.  [Scot.]  A  small  farm  or  croft.  [<  L.  poult- 
cuivs,  something  hanging,  <  pendeo,  hang.] 

pen-drag 'on,  i  pen-draa/sn;  2  peh-drafon,  n.  l.  A  supreme 
head,  ruler,  or  chief,  in  early  Britain;  a  title  conferred  In 
times  of  danger,  as  that  of  dictator  In  ancli  • 

[P-]  The  name  of  two  legendary  brothers,  kings  of  Britain, 

one  of  whom,  flier,  was  the  father  of  King  Arthur.   [  ■     \\  . 
pen,  head,  +  dragon,  leader.) 

pen'du-lum,  1  pen'ju-[or  -diu-]lum;  2  pen'ju-[<>r  -<lfi-]- 
lttm,  n.  A  body  suspended  from  a  fixed  point,  and  tree 
to  swing  to  and  fro:  specifically,  such  a  device  serving 
by  its  oscillation  to  regulate  the  rate  of  runiui  : 
clock.  [Neut.  of  L.  pcndulus,  pendulous]  —  pcn'dii- 
lous,  a.  Hanging,  especially  so  as  to  swing,  -ly,  ads. 
-ness,  n. 

Pc-nel'o-pe,  1  pt-nel'o-pi;  2  pe-nel'o-pe,  «.  Gr.Myth.  The 
wife  of   Ulysses;  type  of  wifely  constancy. 

Pe-nel'o-phon,  l  pi-nel'o-fen;  2  pe-nel'o-fon,  n,    in  Peroy'a 

RcUques,  a  beggar-maid  loved  by  King  Conhetua. 
pen"e-trail-a,  1  pcn"i-tre'h-a;  2  peh'e-traVli-a,  n.  pi.   1.  The 

inmost  parts  of  anything;  a  sanctuary:  shrine,     'i.  Secret 

things.    [L. ;  cp.  penetrate.] 
pen'e-trate,  1  pen'i-trSt;   2  pen'e-trat,  b.     [-tbai 

-trat"ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  enter  or  force  a  way  into  the 
interior  parts  of;  become  diffused  through;  permeate. 
2.  To  pass  into  the  mind  of;  affect,  •'!.  To  discern;  de- 
tect. II.  i.  To  pass  into  or  enter  something,  literally 
or  figuratively.  [<  L.  penetroftM,  pp  of  penetro,  put 
within.]  S.vn.:  sec  enter;  pdebce.  pen'e-tra-bl 
That  may  be  pi-netrated.  —  pen"e-tra-l»U'l-tj.  n.  pen'e- 
traf'lng,  a.  Tending  or  having  power  to  penetrate;  acute; 
discerning.     Syn.:    see   mi   ii.    \    m   m       KNOWING;   SHAEP, 

—  pen'e-trat"lng-ly,  ado.  —  pen'e-traf  lng-ness,  n 

rien'e-tra"tlv(eB,  a,  Syn.:  see  ibtuti      pen'e-tr.i'th  e- 
yB,  adv.— peii'e-tra"tlv(e-ness^,  a,     pen"e-tra'tlon,  n. 

The  act  or   power   of    penetrating,  physically  or   tnenlalU  ; 

acuteness;  discernment     Syn.:  see  lcdibn;  knt&ani 
Pe-ne'us,  1  pi-nl'us;  2  pe-nE'us,  ».    Same  as  Baj  uibbm 
pen 'gtii ii,  l  pen'gwin;  2  pfin'gwin,  n.    A  wel  ■footed  bird 
of  the  southern  hemisphere,  with  flippi 
legs  far  behind,  and  plantigrade  feet,    [Perh        p 
head,  +  Oioyn,  white.! 
pe-nin'su-la,  1  pi-nin'siu-le;  8  pe-nln'sfl-la,  ».    A  piece 
of  land  almoBt  surrounded  by  water,  and  oonneeted  with 
the  mainland  by  a  neck  called  an  isthmus      !' 

jhrnr,  almost.    I    fnsnln.  Island  I      the  Peninsula.     I.Spain 

and    Portugal    taken    together:    here    the    Pen lo-.lll.ir    n.ir 

was  carried  on  (1808   1814)  by  Napoleon  a. 

giish,  Spanish,  and  Portuguese     '-.'.  It     s1   i 

iwecu  the  James  and  York  rivers,  S    i     Virginia    » ' 

battles  in  the  Civil  w  ar     pe-nln'su-lar, 
pe'nis,  i  pi'nis;  S  pc'nis,  r».    The  male  copulatoi  i  oraan    111 
pen'1-tent.  l  pen'i-tent  ;2p  '  "'  bj 

a  sense  of  one's  own  guilt  and  resoh  I  d  On  Hi"  ndllli  ill  . 

repentant ;  contrite     II.  n,    Onewhoi   penitent 

<    i  ,   ppi    of  p»  riUeo,  repent       -lj .  ■>■'< 

peii'l-tence,  n     The  state  ol  being  i i<  i 

sin.  With   desire  to  amend  and  to  alone,   contrition 
see    BBPBNTANCK         pen"l-(cn  '1  lal,    a       I.     IN 

pressing  penitence     ■:.  r,  1 1, to  pi  oi  pun 

Ishment      peo'l-ten'tla-rj ,     i  I.  in 

anee     2.  Relating    to  the   punli  h anil 

criminals     II.  n.    a  prison  in  which  convlcui  arc  confined 
at  haoi  labor  foi  pud  itlon 

peii'Knite",         \  imaU  i""  ki  '  I  nif<    ■■   << '  l"1 

quill  i"  D 
pen 'man,  I  pen'man;  2  pBn'man,  n     I  mrn    ,-l    I.  A 
perg,  |  wit  handwritini 

,  hoi  "i  pen,, i  in  hip     '-'I.   \  hi'  rnrj 
l 'man-ship.        i     i       art  of  writ ln«     ».  Ilandwrlt 

IliC      I 

I'eini,  Bn,   Wililani    ii'ii    t .- 1  -         \m    i 

Penn.,  0661     Pennsj  Ivanla 
peii'-naiiie",  I   pt  • 

.iim-iI  name,  p*    > 


pen  nan  I        ■   „  trt;  fa    fl         i        i    pHrjr;  hit,)     I       o  Fl      I      bvt,bOm| 

perrha  i  i  .  •  ■     .       i  i         go,  not,  or,  won,    :.;t; 


pr  ll    1 1 A  1 1 1 . 


,..  II    n.l-,,1 
pen   nl-l.  »».  limit   a 

m,  v  ■ 

nil  lli.  ir 

:     ,     •       I 
ym  l"  i ii-i  i  I    .  \ 

■ 

|x  n    ii  >  .  pi.]     1. 

! 

I. 

• 

'•  '  •  Iglling 

'   -  •">    ) 

BJ    a  1 1  ii  .  r.  fur  publtcal 

pen"- 

'iii.   .  pen  u% •weight",  I.    ' '  ■ 

par*. 

OJU.» 

pcn'nv  «i-.  inomleaJ  in  small  matters: 

usu»  i"  nil)  arise  and   pound  foolish, 

Mil  wasteful  In  large 
one*       pen'm    »l>  ".Imii.  pcii'iiv-wort  '.    .       Iny  one 

lcl»\  I'M.   lis   II  • 

lean  icmtlan      i»n'n>-»i>rt  Ii '.  n      1.    \*  muoo  Bl 

mount  given  or  received  for 

: .  I 

ih  n    n>-rn>'al.    1  •' !i"y-r..y'al.    n.      A 

:    tin-    mint    family.      [<     Ml.. 

yafUnf  real.  penn>  r 

!*•  - < i . ■  f.  -      '.  sr/aket;  2   pe-nob'sc6t.  n.     A  river  In 

central  Maine:  300  m.  to  Atlanta 
pe-md  .-^  |  .  science 

puniahxnent  and  prevention  oi  crime 
and  of  the  management  of  pri->iL-  and  < 
(  <  !  .  iity,  -r  -QLOGT  ] 

pen'-lle.  1  .nd  swaying; 

rilia,    <  pendeo,  hang.]  —  pen  '- 
-ii* —  im. — .  .     pen  all  i-i>  :. 
pen '-Inn,  l  pen       ■'-.    2  pSn'shon,  rf.    To  grant  a  pen- 
pen  -inn  ,   \.    T.   A    periodical   alloi  m   indi- 
i  of  some  meritorious  work  or 
as  an  allow                     by  a  government  to  wounded  or 
invalid  so!  :           '.'  .    .  payment.    [F.,  <  L.  /"  ' 
<  pernio,  weigh.]    F:  :                               pen'Slon-a-ry.    I.  n. 
i                                                       !.             ting  iii  u  pen- 
sion     II.                             1.  a  pensi..!..  r     i.  i  ormerly,  a 
•  magistrate  of  a  Dutch  city  or  town.  —  pen Nlon-er,  n. 
One                          a  pensloo:  hence,  one  dependent  on  the 
bounv 

■  ..'  pah'syoh'.  n.   A  boarding-school; 

also,  a  boa"  .!■"..  —  pension.) 

pen'»lw.  '  .a.     1.  Engaged  in  or  ad- 

l"  n  -i.  lie  or  quiet  reflection:  thought- 

.'. 

•  ii  nndnnun     [  <  !•'. 
- 1 1 .  -new, 

p.  ii  •!••'  a*,  .'  i>en'si6k*.  n.     1.  A  conduit  from 

am:..-  2.   \  sluice  or  flood-gate, 

••f  water,  as  from  a  pond.     3.  A 
nre-.\  • 

pent,  |  Penned  up  or  in;  closely  con- 

p.  hi  . 

pen'ta-,  I]  t-: 2  pen'ta-, pent-.    Fron 

pent-.      i  ibining  forms.  —  pen 'la-chord, 

n.     1. 
2.    >.  ( 

i»  ii  '  I-'  i'  .         1 .  \  Dgure 
composed  of 
tha-  pen  'ta-gram   : 

-alpha:;    (hii  "  1 1-«  Ic   . 
a     ct.-'  and 

symbols.  --   pen 'tad.      I  ,  .  ntacle 

a    pe:  of 

II.  n      1.7-  roup    Of    Ave    things. 

2.  A  period  of  five  years.  3.  diem.  An  atom,  rad- 
ical, or  element  with  a  combining  power  of  five.  — pen '- 
ta-gon,    n.      A    figure   with    five    angles    and    BV) 

i ,-.   oOnta.  angle.) — pen-tag'<»-nal,   a .—  pen"ta-he'- 
dron,  n.    [-dra.  pi.)    A  solid  bounded  by  five  plane  faces. 


|..  n    I  i-h,  'ilr.il.  pi  n-l.il  '- 

<►-«> .  urine  of  the  flvcfoldnoaa  of  Datura  and  the 

'if  dualism      pen- 
lam  •  - 1<  i .  ontalulng  Ove 

Pen  i.i-ti  ii<  M.  :  ■  i 

i  the  Bible  taken  oolloctivcly.    |  -.  t  Ir.  ptn- 

i i.  | 

i"  n-i  .in  inn.  ■  five  exercises 

in  !!■  ping,  running,  wreatllng,  throwing 

the  dlarua,  and  burling  the  spear  (oarllor,  boxing)  iiiai 
ooeurrod  all  on  thi  between  iiu 

lain  i         |n  n-lalll  'Ii  I 

pen-tain  'iii . 
Pen  'toenail  1  pen  I  I.  A  Jewi  ib 

festival  occurring  fifty  daya  after  th  8.  The 

( "hnstian    :  Wl 

outpouring  of  the  Spirit  at  Pent*  coal      I 

,  |iell"tc-»n-'l.i|, 

r.  n-i.  I  i-riiv.  i  pen-t£l'i-kun;2  pi  \  mountain 

In  Attica;  10  m   N    w    of  Athena;  3,640  ft   high;  It  haa  one 

marble-ijuarn.  I'cn-tel   Ir.  P.  n-l,  I  I-,  all,  a. 

Pen"thea-l-le'a,  1  pen'thi  n.    >•'■ 

Myth    A.  queen  of  the  Unaaons:  slain  b 
pent 'house",  1  penfhaus*;  L'  pSnt'houB*.  n     1.  A  struo- 
in  the  form  "f  a  shed  or  roof  witn  a  aingli 

affixed  bj  its  upper  edge  i"  the  wall  of  another  building. 

'i.    \n\   weather-shield  projecting  above  a  doorwaj  . .r 

window,    -i.  Something  resembling  a  penthouae,    [Ult. 
i  r  appendo,  append.]     pen'tlcel, 
!>«•- ■  i ii  1 1 ',  l  pi-nult'  or  pl'nult;  L'  pe-nfilt'  or  pe'nult,  ". 

The  syllable  ti'-\t   i"  the  last  in  a  word.     [Abbr    <.f 

MM  LIIMl,    ■      I.    1>.i  in  ,  alliinsl,  -    1   )     pc-Illll'- 

ti-ina:.  p. -mil  i i-inaii'.  i.  Being  the  laat  but  one. 
II.  n,  a  S3  liable  or  member  of  a  Berlea  ttiai  is  laat  but  one. 
pe- n u n i  'bra,  1  pi-nnm'bra;  2  pe-num'bra,  n.  A  n 
of  a  shadow  observed  in  an  eclipse,  within  which  the 
rays  of  light  from  an  illuminating  body  are  partly  l>ut 
nni  wholly  intercepted,  ».  In  painting,  tin-  blending* 
point,  or  line  between  light  and  shade.    S<  The  dark 

fringe  around   the   central   pari    of  a  suii'spot.      [<    L. 
almost,  +  umbra,  shade.)  —  pe-nuin 'bral,  pe-num'- 
brous,  a. 
pen'ii-ry,  1  pcn'yii-n;  2  pen'yu-ry,  n.     1.  Extreme  pov- 
or  want.    'it.  Pennriousness.    |<  OF.  penurw,  < 
i        niiria,  want.)    Syn.:  see  poverty. — pe-nu'rl-oiis,  a. 
1.  Exceeslvely  sparing  or  paving  In  the  use  of  money;  parsi- 
monious,    'i-  Affording  or  yielding  little;  scanty.     3.  Sunk 
In   penury;   indigent.     S.vn.:  see   a.vabiciouh.     pe-nu'rl- 
0HS-Iy,  adr—  pe-nu'rl-ous-ness,  n. 

POO.,  r  People. 

pe'nii,  1  pl'en;  2  pf'on,  n.  A  common  laborer;  servant; 
specll  :  'i  in  Mexico,  a  debtoi  kepi  in  virtual  servitude, 
as  on  a  large  estate,  until  he  has  worked  out  hla  debt;  (2) 

In  South  America,  a  muleteer  or  horse-liny :  C'.i  in  India,  an 
orderly  or  native  constable,  pe 'on-age,  n.  The  condition 
Of  a  peon  or  the  v,  -n  in  employing  this  form  of  labor. 

pe'o-nj,  1  pl'o-ni;  2  pfi'o-ny,  r*.    [-nils',  pi.]    A  plant  of 

the  crowfoot  family,  having  large  terminal  solitary  flow- 

!<  OF.  in  "in,    <  L.  pxonia,   <  Or.  paionia,   < 

i  of  the  gods.) 

pen 'nle,  1  1  pl'pl;  2  pr'pl     !•  vt.    [feo'pled;  peo'pung.] 

pe'ple'',  (  To  stock  with  inhabitants;  populate.     II.  n. 

I.    \l!  the  human  beings  under  the  same  government, 

ing  the  same  language,  or  being  of  the  same  blood: 

a  general  term.     2.  The  w  hole  liod>  .mpos- 

ing  a  stale  or  nation,  or  lhat  Jiart  of  the  population  in- 

d   with   political   rights.     3.   Persons  collectively: 

taking  a  verb  in  the  plural.     4.  The  comniona'ty,  as 

'li-nicoii-hi-d  from  the  titled,  the  rich,  or  the  learned; 

the  populace.     5.  Those  who  are  connected  with  one  as 

subjects,  attendants,  kdnfolk,  etc.     [<  F.  peuple  (< 

I.    VOpulUS),  people.)     pe'plct. 

Ssm.:    commonwealth,    community,    nation,    population, 
race,  state,  tribe.     A  community  is  In  general  terms  the 

aggregate  of  persons  Inhabiting  any  territory  ID  common 
and   viewed   as   having   common    Interests;   a  commonwealth 

i  b  a  body  of  persons  having  a  common  government, 

ally  a  republican  government;  as.  the  i 
of   Massachusetts,     a  community  may   be  very  small;  a 
"  Is  ordinarily  of  considerable  extent.    A  pconle 
aggregate  of  any  public  community,  either  In  d 

tlon  from  their  rulers  or  as  Including  them;  B  race  Is  a  divi- 
sion of  mankind  In  the  line  of  on  try;  the  people 
at  the  United  states  Includes  members  of  almost  every  race. 
persons  collectively,  as  in 
the  St  "  ball  was  full  of  peopU  ."  has  been  severe- 
l .ii i  Is  old  and  accepted  English,  and  may  fitly 
be  classed  as  Idiomatic,  and  often  better  than  persons,  by 
reason  of  Its  collectivism.  As  Dean  Alford  suggests,  It 
would  make  a  strange  transformation  of  the  old  hymn  "All 
people  that  on  earth  do  well"  to  sing  "All  persons  that  on 


mi   l:9Z?n?l;  u-ihabu,t-^ialrsI^i   au,=  0".t:   °''i   •**  =  feud;   cfhin;   go;_i)  =  Sir!ff;  thin,  this.       pennant 

577    2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,     perchance 


Black  Pepper. 

a,  a  berry. 


earth  do  dwell."  The  population  of  a  country  is  simply  the 
aggregate  of  persons  residing  within  its  borders,  without 
reference  to  race,  organization,  or  allegiance;  unnaturalized 
residents  form  part  of  the  population,  but  not  of  the  nation, 
possessing  none  of  the  rights  and  being  subject  to  none  of 
the  duties  of  citizens.  In  American  usage  State  signifies  one 
commonwealth  of  the  federal  union  known  as  the  United 
States.  Tribe  is  now  almost  wholly  applied  to  rude  peoples 
with  very  imperfect  political  organization:  as,  the  Indian 
tribes;  nomadic  tribes.    Compare  mob;  state. 

—People's  party  [TJ.  S.],  a  political  party  formed  in 
1891,  its  cardinal  doctrines  being  an  increase  in  the  cur- 
rency, public  control  of  railroads,  and  limitation  in  the 
ownership  of  land. 

Pe-o'ri-a,  1  pi-o'n-a;  2  pe-o'ri-a,  n.  A  manufacturing  city 
in  central  Illinois;  pop.  75,000. 

Pep'in,  1  pep'in;  2  pep'in,  n.  (714-768.)  Le  Bref,  a  king  of 
the  Franks;  son  of  Charles  Martel,  and  father  of  Charle- 
magne; he  founded  the  States  of  the  Church.    I'lp'pin ' . 

pep'lum,  1  pep'lum;  2  pep'lum,  re.  [pep'la,  pl.\  Gr.  Anliq. 
A  somewhat  close=ntting  gown  or  tunic  extending  from  the 
neck  to  the  feet,  and  girdled  above  the  hips.  It  was  slit  in 
the  upper  part  of  the  front  and  joined  with  clasps.  [<  L., 
<  Gr.  peplos,  peplum.]    pep'los};  pep'lusj. 

pep 'per,  1  pep'ar;  2  pep'er.  I.  vt.  1.  To  sprinkle  with 
or  as  with  pepper;  season  with  pepper.  2.  To  shower,  as 
with  missiles;  pelt;  rail  at;  scold.  3.  To  season  (speech 
or  writing)  as  with  pungent  re- 
marks, humorous  or  otherwise. 
II.  n.  1.  A  pungeijt  aromatic  con- 
diment consisting  of  the  dried 
berries  of  the  pepper=plant.  2.  A 
tropical  climbing  shrub  of  the 
pepper  family,  a  native  of  India, 
now  widely  distributed,  pep'- 
per=plant"J.  3.  Any  plant  of 
the  genus  Capsicum,  or  its  fruit, 
entire  or  powdered;  as,  red  pep- 
per; Cayenne  pepper.  [Ult.  < 
Sans,  pippala,  the  long  pepper.] 
—  pep'per=box",  re.  1.  A  box 
with  a  perforated  lid  for  sprin- 
kling pepper.  2.  Figuratively,  a 
quicktempered  person.  —  pep'per-corn",  re.  A  berry 
of  the  pepper^plant;  hence,  anything  insignificant. — pep'- 
per-grass",  re.  A  garden  salad  or  cress,  pep'per- 
wort"t. — pep'per-mlnt",  re.  1.  A  pungent  aromatic  herb, 
used  in  medicine  and  confectionery.  2.  An  oil  or  oilier 
preparation  from  peppermint. — pep'per-mlnt=drop",  u. 
A  confection,  usually  disk=shaped,  flavored  with  pepper- 
mint.— pep'per-y,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  like  pepper;  pun- 
gent; hence,  quicktempered;  stinging.  Syn.:  see  hot. — 
pep'per-i-ness,  re. 

pep'per-idge,  1  pep'ar-tj;  2  pep'er-idg,  n.  The  tupclo,  sour» 
or  black=gum  tree.    [Cor.  of  L.  bcrbrris,  barberry.] 

pep'sin,  1  pep'sin;  2  pep'sin,  n.  1.  The  digestive  ferment 
of  the  gastric  juice;  also,  a  medicinal  preparation  ob- 
tained from  the  stomachs  of  various  animals,  as  the  pig 
and  the  calf.  2.  A  similar  ferment,  occurring  in  various 
insectivorous  plants.  [<  F.  pepsine,  <  Gr.  pepais, 
cooking.]  pep'slnef. — pep'tlc.  I.  a.  1.  Of,  pertaining 
to,  or  promotive  of  digestion.  2.  Of,  pertaining  to.  or  pro- 
ducing pepsin.  3§.  Able  to  digest:  opposed  to  dyspeptic. 
II.  re.    An  agent  that  promotes  digestion. 

pep'tone,  1  pep'ton;  2  pep'ton,  n.  One  of  various  soluble 
proteid  compounds  resulting  from  the  action  of  (In- 
digestive juices  upon  the  albuminous  portions  of  food 
[<  Gr.  pepto,  cook,  digest.]  —  pep- ton 'lc,  a.  —  pepto- 
nize, vt.  [-NIZE»Z;  -NIZ'ING.]  To  change  Into  peptones; 
predlgest,  as  certain  prepared  foods. 

Pcpys,  1  pips,  pep'is.  or  peps;  2  peps,  pep'ys,  or  peps,  Samuel 
(1G33-1703).  An  English  diarist;  described  court  of  (  harles 
II. — Pepys'l-an,  a. 

per,  1  par;  2  per,  prep.     By;  by  means  of;  througl 

as  a  part  of  certain  Latin  phrases:  imitated  in  English 

commercial  phrases,  such  a    pi  r  yard,     per  annum,  by 

the  year.  —  per  capita,  by  the  bead;  tor  each  i» u  on 
per  cent.,  by  or  In  the  hundred:  abbreviated  from  Latin 
per  centum,  but  written  as  if  unabbreviated  In  the  phra  • 
cent  per  cent  (one  hundred  per  cent),  per  sc,  bj  11  lelf, 
himself,  or  herself;  simply  as  such;  In  or  of  Its  own  nature, 
without  reference  to  Its  relations  per  cents  [Colloq  I, 
securities  bearing  a  certain  percentage  of  Interest  per 
diem,  by  the  day. 
per-,  prefix.  1.  a  Romance-Lathi  preflu  meaning  1 1 1  through, 
by,  by  means  of,  for;  as.  perceive,  perjure,  perennial,  perti- 
nence; (2)  very;  extremely;  exceedingly;  as,  peracute,  per- 
fervid,  in  pardon,  paramour,  pursue,  appurtenance,  par- 
son,  pellucid,  pilgrim,  etc  .  Its  spelling  lias  slightly  changi  d 
2.  Cnem.  A  prefix  signifying  the  higher  degree  of 

In  two  similar  Compounds,  as  Iron  peroxld,  as  dlstlrj 

from  iron  protoxld,  used  also  to  Indicate  the  highest  decree 


of  combination  among  similar  compounds.  [<  OF  per 
per-,  par-,  <  L.  per,  through.]  [person' 

Per.,    Pers.,   abbr.      Persia.    Persian— per.,    abbr       Period 

per"ad-ven'ture,  1  per"ed-ven'<5hur  or  -tiur;  2  peVad- 
ven'chur  or  -tur.  I.  n.  Possibility  of  failure,  miscar- 
riage, or  error;  doubt;  question.  II.  adv.  Perchance' 
it  may  be;  perhaps.    [<F.po  by  chance] 

per-ain'oii-laic,  1  par-am'biu-let;  2  per-am'bu-lat  r 
[-lat"ed'1:  -i.at"ing.]  1. 1.  To  walk  through  or  over,  as 
for  surveying  or  inspecting.  II.  i.  To  walk  about  |< 
L.  per,  through,  +  ambulo,  go  about.]— per-am"bu-la'- 
tion,  n.  1.  The  act  of  perambulating;  specifically,  an  an- 
nual survey  of  boundaries.  2.  The  district  or  jurisdiction 
within  which  one  perambulates  or  surveys,  pcr-ain  'liu- 
la"tor,  re.  1.  One  who  perambulates.  •>.  ,\  rolling  chair. 
3.  A  baby-carriage.  4.  A  surveyors'  measuring-wheel  — 
per-am'bu-la-lo-ry,  a. 

per  an.,  abbr.    [I..]    Per  annum  (by  the  vear). 

per-cale',  1  psr-keT  or  per»kal';  2  per-e&T  or  p6r*eal',  n.  A 
closely  woven  cambric  without  gloss      |l    | 

per-eeive',1  1  per-sIVj  2  per-cSv',  vt.  [per-ceiv  i  p' 
per-ceiv'p,  (  per-ceiv'ixg.]  1.  To  have  knowledge  of 
through  the  medium  of  the  senses;  see,  hear,  feel, 
or  smell.  2.  To  apprehend  or  become  aware  of  through 
the  reflective  or  the  intuitive  faculties;  discern;  under- 
stand; note.  [<L.OFpempM>,  <  per,  by,  +  copto,  take.] 
Syn.:  apprehend,  be  aware  of.  become  cognisant  of.  com- 
prehend, conceive,  know,  understand.  We  perceive,  pri- 
marily, what  is  presented  through  the  senses  \\  e 
hend  what  Is  presented  to  the  mind,  whether  through  the 
senses  or  by  any  other  means.      Yet  perceim   is  used  in  the 

figurative  sense  of  seeing  through  to  a  conclusion,  in  a  way 

for  which  usage  would  not  allow  us  to  substitute  app 
as,  "Sir,  I  perceive  that  thou  art  a  prophet."  John  i\  .  19, 
That  which  we  apprehend  we  catch,  as  with  the  hand;  that 
which  we  conceit;  we  are  able  to  analyse  and  recompile  In 
our  mind;  that  which  we  comprehend,  we.  as  It  were,  grasp 
around,   take   together,   seize,   embrace  wholly   Within    the 

mind.  Many  things  may  be  apprehended  which  ean  not  be 
comprehended;  we  can  apprehend  the  will  of  God  as  revealed 

In  conscience  or  the  Scriptures;  we  can  coneetm  of  certain 
attributes  of  Deity,  as  his  truth  and  justice.  Inn  no  Unite 
intelligence  can  Comprehend  the  Divine  Nature.  In  its  ful- 
ness and  perfection.  Compare  APPBEHXND;  know  ;  KNOWIr 
edge;  leakn.— Ant.:  fall  of.  ignore,  lose,  misapprehend, 
misconceive,  miss,  overlook.—  pcr-cch  'a-hlic>',  a  that 
may  be  perceived;  perceptible.  —  pcr-cclt  'a-lil) ,  Sd«. 
per-celv'er,  n. 

per  cent.,  abbr.    See  per. 

per-cent'age,  1  per-aent'ij;  2  per-cent'ag,  n.     I.  Kate 

per  hundred,  or  proportion  in  a  hundred  parts.  2.  The 
allowance,  commission,  duty,  or  interest  on  a  hundred, 

[<  L.  per  centum;  per,  by;  a  ntum,  hundred  I 
per-eep'tion,  1  per-eep'snen ; :.'  per-cSp'shon,  n     1.  The 
act ,  power,  process,  or  produol  ol  perceiving;  knowledge 
through  the  senses  of  the  existence  and  prop 

matter  or  the  external  world;  also,  OOgnitlOn  "I   tact   or 

truth  in  genera]  by  the  activity  of  thinking;  apprehen- 
sion; knowledge.  2.  Psycl  I)  1  he  faculty  or  power 
of  acquiring  immediate  and  fundamental  knowledge 
through  the   ensi       sense  perception?.;  Bense«prea- 

entatlon?.  (2)  The  process  of  acquiring  such  knowl- 
edge      (3)    Die  mental  product  so  ol  it  an  hi  I,  .  .1 1  in  called 

the  percept.     3.  Law.  The  taking  into  pa 
crops  or  profits.    [F.,   <   L,  perceptio 
pp   or  percipio,  perceive.]    Syn.;  see  knowledge;  sensa- 
tion; UNDERSTANDING,      per'cepl,  n       In  psychology,   ths 

object  of  i.now  ledge  as  mi  ntallj  prt  i  nt<  ■  !  in    i 
tion;  i mine. Hate  i  aowledgc  derived  from  percelvlni      per« 
ceptl-bl(ep,  a.  Thai  ma]  be  seen  or  apprehended :  p< 
able,  cognizable;  evident     Syn.;  see  cvideni      per-cep"- 

li-hll'l-ly,  ii.  pcr-ccp'll-lilic-iicssi  ■;.  per-ccp  (l-lil)  , 
adv.      pcr-cep'(lon-al,  a       <  if  or  rel.v  Lion 

per-ccp'lh  >e  ,  n       IVsrlvlin:,  Or  having  th(    ,  ■ 

ceptlon;  perceptional.   -l),»i/>      per"cep-tlv1-t]rtn    pet* 

ccp'(l\    e-ness     ;. 

perch',  1  pun  h;  :.' perch,  i     1.1  Tosetonani 
porl  ,  fi  cons  pi  rch    II..    i  oalii 

perch1,  n.    A  small  i  omi  l:i,,,N 

and    I  luropi    I  '  i  eOh   I 

perch2,  a      I.   \  stall,  poll 
ciallj  as  a  roost  foi  p. .oh  ry,  eti       inj  place  on  which 

,liriii  ..i  re  i ;  hi  nee,  i  • 
tion     •-'.  v  ,""1- 

n    rod 
cubic  fei  i     -'t.    Irch    V  bi  id  el  '■ 

ime  on  which  oloth  Is  i  icaminod  tor  in 
[<  Ol  I  ■■'••  I 

pcr-chaiuc',  L  per-cl  ' 

f""' 
|-1  J       |MT-I   ll.llMMC'1. 


I'rr.  li.Ti.ll        \    a  u  v  |  .  I  in  ..        ..     ..         n       I  n         I  u: ,  l.ftrn: 

piTlll.lllilil  .  .  i  >       i  I  ..  i      i  I         .    I       •  .  (n.  not.  01.  won.     ,,s 


I 
II. 

i|>  i- 

i 


•la  (i. mi. 

|..  r   i  .-I  i    lor, 


rcolator. 


|..  r-.  ns'Ul    ' 

-I>.  -II.".  |»T- 

I II-  ■ 

;      r-.  n»  'sloll.      1 

I  . 

nother;  sudden  eol- 

ick  or  :i  sound     '!. 

I  by  collision:  the  impression  ol 

A  light,  quick  tapping, 

■   ibdomen,  for  deter- 

ndition  of  the  organ 

i  ■    .    <   ;»r.  through,    -f- 

fflH/to.  shake,  strike] 

■  ompounds;  as.  per- 
ru»»lnii  rap.  p.  cartridge,  p.  lu-.-.p    lock, 

i.  vir  Henry,  "Hotspur" 

,:n]  DordOMnarcner: 

!..]  ihnru  IV.     i-  Thomas 

.  antiquary  ami  prelate;  ReHaues  of 

!'■  r-.n.   ,  >-.  J  per-dle'as,  n.    ( 

at;  murdered  by  in 
|i.  r-«l i ' i  ion.  ;  a;  2  per-dlsh'on,  n.     1.  Future 

I  the  v  icked; 
I   .  ictioo   or    ruin.      :i   . 

r.utlon.     |F..  <  L.  ;  1     Syn.:  see  n t  t n . 

per-<iue',  -  l  per-dnV  w  pfir'dta;  2  per-dfl'  or  per'da,  ".    1. 

I>.  r-il u  '.  U)  IN'  or  be  perdue. 

- 
I  .-<-.  ■      I.. 
p.-r-.lue't,  '  n.     1.  I  ■   soldier,  or  one  in  B 

per-du'*,    I  forlorn  bone.    'i.  A  losi  or  abandoned  Character. 

3.  In  cookery,  a  su.-; 
at  r  .iu-r.i-hi  .-  .  :   pOT'dtu-rs-bl  or  per-dluT'e-bl;  2  perMfl- 

i  . 
inT"iiu-ra-biri-t) ,  n.    per'du- 

r  i-l.l    . 

p.  -r-iiur  it':  3  per-dur',  rf.    To  continue  for  a 

•  r,  tbrough,  — 
last.    <   durus,  hard.]  — per-du 'ranee,  n.     per"du- 
ra'llon :. 
pcr-d>  '.  ..-  as  pardi. 

|mt  "• — vrri- ii ,t i •■.  I. 

l.   I  "  travel  from  one  country 

place.    '*t.  To  .sojourn  in 

a  foi  II   .  foreign  buth  or  manners; 

-- 
per"e-erl-na'ilnii,    •       pcr'e-gri-iia"tor,  n.     A.  traveler 

p<  r  'i  -icriii".  -grin;  2  per'e-grln  or  pSr'e- 

jur'i-zriu  ,  i.  foreign  regli 

travels. — pere- 
grin.- Falcon,  ited  falcon,  gcnerall 

iked  with  black  in  the 
■.'.  form,  awl  with  bl 

!><  r '. - r 1 1  r»—  t <>-r> ,  1  per'emp-tc-n;  2  peVemp-to-ry,  a.    1. 

:ik  of  debate  or  appeal;  decisive;  absolute. 

?.  Positive  in  judgment  or  opinion;  dictatorial.     [< 

r  ptremplux.  ;  .  annihilate]    Syn.: 

■y.   arbitrary.— per 'ernp-t«»-rl-ly,  adv.-  per'emp- 
to-rl-nc^,  n. 

per-en  iii-al.  I  par-enVdl;  2  per-Sn'i-al.    I.  a.    1.  ' 

turning  through  the  year  or  through  many  years.     2. 


:i •.  n  int'  mora  than  one 
II.         B         \  plan!  thai  lasts  \ oai  aftei  \ ■  uvi , 
Ufj  inn  annually      I  ■     I 

■  ■     IIHiMI.  PI   I.I   I    I  1 

pet  -  1 1  - 1  v . 

I.,  i  i  .  i 

pei  i.  .  i  . 

I .    i  >i|«  to  the  nl  lard      '.'.    I  o 

•  .1        per'- 

i  •  i  >  r .  pci   reel   l-bll'My,   >.      per-fect'l-bl(e',  a 

inr-t. ,   mi  .   .        Tending  to  make  perfect,    -ij.m/r. 

-ness,  • 

per  feet,  L  por'fekt;  2  peVftcl     I.  a     I.  Having  all  the 

qualities,  excellences,  or  i  lements  thai  art    requi 

iture  or  kind:  without  defect  or  lack:  consummated; 
complete      '.'.  bly  versed  or  infoi med;  com- 

plete!)  skilled      8.   Bot    Having  the  essential  01 
stamens,  and  pistils:  said  ol  flowi  i  i     I.  Oram    Noting 

I  bed  acl  ion;  p  .">  .   \    tired;  po 

I.  a.     Oram.     The  perfect  tense,     |-    I."1   perfectue, 
iM.   ■  hi .h  i 

Syn:  absolute,  accurate,  blameless,  complete,  completed, 
immate,  correct,  entire,  taultlc    .  Finished,  holy,  Ideal, 
Immaculate,  Infallll  otli         tolnleas,  unblem- 

ished, undeflledi  Thai  Is  perfect  to  which  nothing  can  be 
added  and  from  which  nothing  can  be  taken  without  impair- 
ing Its  excellence,  marring  Its  symmetry,  or  detracting  from 
Its  worth;  In  this  fu  God  alone  Is  perfect,  but  In  a 

limited  sense  anything  may  be  perfect  In  its  kimi,  as,  a  psr- 
f,,i  Dower;  a  oopj  ol  a  document  la  perfect  when  it  la  ac- 
curnti  In  every  particular;  a  vase  may  be  called  psr/eetwhen 
rutin-  and  unblemished,  even  tho  not  artistically  faultlets; 
the  best  Judges  never  pronounce  a  work  of  art  perfi 
cause  they  see  always  Ideal  possibilities  not  yel  attained; 
even  the  Ideal  Is  not  perfect,  by  reason  ol  the  Imperfection 
of  tin-  human  mind;  a  human  character  faultlessly  imiv 
would  I"-  morally  perfect  tho  finite.  That  which  is  absolute 
is  fr.-i-  from  admixture  (as  absoluti  alcohol)  and  in  the 
highest  and  Fullest  sense  Free  from  Imperfection  or  limita- 
tion; as,  absolute  holiness  and  love  are  attributes  ol  God 
alone,     In   philosophical  langua  signifies  fn-c 

from  all  necessary,  or  even  from  all  possible,  relation  I,   DOt 

dependent  or  limited,  unrelated  and  unconditioned;  truth 
Immediately  known,  as  intuitive  truth,  is  absolute;  God,  as 
scif-i-\isti-nt  and  fr.-c  from  ail  limitation  or  dependence,  Is 
called    '  Being,  or  simply  the  Absolute.    See  cob- 

implicit;  innocent;  pure;  radical;  hipk.  —  Ant.: 
bad,  blemished,  corrupt,  corrupted,  defaced,  defective,  de- 
t,  deformed,  Fallible,  faulty.  Imperfect,  incomplete,  In- 
ferior. Insufficient,  marred,  meager,  perverted,  poor,  ruined. 

scant,  short,  spoiled,  worthless. 

per-fee'tlon,  f».  1.  The  state  or  condition  of  belns 
perfect;  supreme  excellence,  per'fect-nesst.  'i.  A  par- 
ticular quality  that  Is  supreme.  3.  The  hiRhest  degree  of 
a  thing.-  per-fec'tlon-lst-n.  One  who  believes  that  man 
can  live  without  sfn.— per'fect-ly,  adv. 

per-fer'vid,  1  p.r-ffir'vul;  2  per-fer'vid,  a.     Very  or  ex- 
■  !y  fervid;  glowing;  intensely  zealous. 

pcr-Ild'i-oiis,  1  par-fid'i-ua  or  per-fid'yus;  2  per-fld'i-us 
or  per-fld'yus,  a.  1.  Characterized  by  perfidy;  treach- 
erous, 'i.  Involving  a  breach  of  faith;  contrary  to  loy- 
ind  truth.  [<  L,  perfidiosus,  <  perfidia;  see  pkh- 
hiii  ]  Syn.: deceitful,  disloyal, double-faced,  faithless,  false, 
Forsworn,  perjured,  traitorous,  treacherous,  two-faced,  un- 
faithful, untrue,  untrustworthy.  — Ant.:  faithful,  honest,  In- 
corruptlble,  stanch,  stedfast,  true,  trustworthy,  trusty. — 
per-lld'l-ous-ly,  titlr.-  per-lid 'l-otis-iiess,  n. 

pcrii-dy,  1  i»0r'fi-di;  S  per'fi-dy,  n.     [-I)IKSZ,  ;;/.]    The  act  of 
Og   faith  or  allegiance;  treachery;  fuithlessness.     [< 
I..1  perfidia,  <  v<r,  from,  +  fides,  faith.) 

per-fo'll-atc,  1  p;.r-fo'h-et:  2  per-fo'll-ftt,  a.  Bot.  Growing  so 
that  the  stem  parses,  or  seems  to  pass,  through  it;  said  of  a 

leaf.     |<  PEE-  +  I.,  folium,  leaf  .1 

per'fo-rale,  1  pur/fo-r6t;  2  per'fo-rat.    I.  vt.    [-bat'eu11; 
-ii  \ '  "i  v.;  J    To  bore  through;  make  a  hole  through,    II. 
Pierced   with   a    bole  or   holes,     per'fo-raf'edt. 
|<  L.  pit.  through,  +  foro.  bore]    Syn.:  see  pierck.  —  per'- 
fo-ra-hl  ei,  a      per'To-ra'tlon,  n.     1.  A   boring  Into  or 
piercing  through.  2,  A  bole  bored  tbrough.  S.vn.:  see  hole. — 
pcr'lo-ra"lh  <■-,  a.    per'fo-ra"to-ry  J.     per'fo-ra"lor,'rt. 
per-foree',  1  psr-fors  ;  2  per-f8rc',  adt      By  force;  l>y  or 
of  necessity;  necessarily.  [<  F.  par,  by,  +  force,  force.] 
per-form',  1  por-form';  2  per-fdrm',  ».    t.t.    1.  To  bring 
to  completion;  accompli  b  .  ■  tecuti  .  do.    '£.  To  fulfil,  as 
a  duty;  discharge      8.  To  act  out;  represent,     4.  To 
render,  as  on  an  instrument;  execute.    II.  i.    To  ac- 
complish  an  act  or  a  feal ;  do;  especially,  to  act  on  the 
etc       [<   OF.   parfournir,    <   par,  through,    + 
.  1 1  ii-.i-ii  ]     Syn.:  see  accomplish;  effect;  bxe- 
uake;    transact.  —  per-Forrii'a-bifep,    a.  —  per- 
form 'anee,  n .     1.   The  act  of  performing;  also,  the  thing 
done;  execution;  action.     2.  A  representation  before  spec- 


Mft  o:a==>,finil,;  u^.iha¥^LB^2{    au  =  out-    «I1;    5u  =  feud;    fliin;   go;    o  =  sww;  fhin,  this.     Pereheron 
579   2:  wolf,  dff;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,    this,    permanent 


tators.  Syn.:  see  act;  exercise;  operation;  proddctiox; 
work.— per-form'er,  n.  One  who  performs  or  acts. 
Syn.:  see  agent. 

per-fume',  1  par-fium';  2  per-fum'.  I.  vt.  [per-fumed'; 
per-fum'ing.]  To  render  odorous;  scent.  II.  1  pur'- 
fium  or  par-fium';  2  per'fum  or  per-fum',  n.  1.  A 
pleasant  odor,  as  from  flowers.  2.  A  fragrant  substance 
or  mixture.  [<  F.  parfum.]  Syn.:  see  smell.  —  per- 
fum'er,  n. — per-fum 'er-y,  n.    Perfumes  in  general. 

per-func'to-ry,  1  par-funk'to-n;  2  per-func'to-ry,  a. 
Done  merely  for  the  sake  of  getting  through;  mechan- 
ical and  without  interest;  half =hearted ;  negligent;  care- 
less. [  <  L."'  per,  through,  -+-  fungor,  perform.] — 
per-func'to-ri-ly,  adv. — per-func'to-ri-ness,  n. 

Pcr'ga-mos,  1  pur'ga-mes;  2  per'ga-mos,  n.  An  ancient  city 
of  Asia  Minor;  now  in  ruins.    Per'ga-must. 

per'go-la,  1  pur'go-la;  2  per'go-la,  n.  1.  A  balcony;  an  arbor. 
2.  A  veranda;  balcony;  also,  a  schoolroom  or  a  shop.  [It.] 
per'go-lot;  per'gu-lat. 

perh.,  abbr.    Perhaps.  [sibly.     per-hap't. 

per-haps',  1  par-haps';  2  per-haps',  adv.    It  may  be;  pos- 

pe'ri,  1  pi'n;  2  pe'ri,  n.  Per.  Myth.  A  fairy  or  elf;  also,  a 
descendant  of  the  disobedient  angels,  doing  penance  until 
readmitted  into  paradise.    [<  F.  peri,  <  Per.  pari,  fairy.] 

per'!-,  1  per'i-;  2  per'i-,  prefix.  Near;  around.  [L.  peri-  (< 
Gr.  peri-,  <  peri,  around;  akin  to  para,  beside);  or  directly 

<  Gr.  peri-  or  peri.] 
perl.,  perlg.,  abbr.    Perigee. 

Per"i-an'der,  1  per'i-an'dar;  2  per"i-an'der,  n.  (665?-585 
B.  C.)  A  tyrant  of  Corinth;  ruled  625-585  B.  C;  one  of  the 
seven  wise  men  of  Greece. 

per'i-anth,  n.  The  combined  calyx  and  corolla  of  a  flower 
when  so  much  alike  as  to  be  nearly  indistinguishable.  [< 
peri-  +  Gr.  anthos,  flower]  per"i-an'thl-unit. — per"I- 
an'the-ous,  a.  per"l-an'thi-alt. — per'i-aptt,  n.  A 
charm  to  protect  from  disease  or  misfortune;  an  amulet. 
[+  Gr.  hapto,  fasten.] — per"l-car'di-al,  a.  Surrounding 
the  heart.  per"i-car'di-ac  or  -ant.— per"l-oar-di'tls,  n. 
Inflammation  of  the  pericardium. — per"i-car'dl-um,  n. 
[-DI-A,  pi.]  A  membranous  bag  that  surrounds  and  pro- 
tects the  heart.  [+  Gr.  kardia,  heart.]— per'1-earp,  n.  The 
wall  of  the  ripened  ovary  of  a  flower,  constituting  the  germ 
of  the  fruit.  [+  karpos,  fruit.]  per"l-car'pl-umt. — per"- 
1-car'pl-al,  a.    per"I-car'pict;  per"l-car-poI'dalt. 

Per'i-cles,  1  per'i-kllz;  2  per'i-eles.n.  1.  (  -429?  B.  C.)  An 
Athenian  commander  and  statesman.  2.  P.,  Prince  of 
Tyre,  leading  character  in  Shakespeare's  play  of  that  name. 

per"i-cra'nl-um,  n.  The  periosteum  of  the  external  surface 
of  the  cranium.  [  <  peri-  +  Gr. 
kranion,  skull.] — per"l-cra'nl-al,  a. 
— per'I-gee,  n.  The  point  in  the 
orbit  of  the  moon  where  it  is  nearest 
the  earth.  [+  Gr.  ge,  earth.]  ep'l- 
geet;  ep"l-ge'umt;  per"l-ge'um{. 
— per"l-ge  'al,  a . — per"l-he  'li-on, 
n.  The  point  In  the  orbit  of  a  planet 
or  comet  where  it  is  nearest  the  sun. 
[+  Gr.  heltos,  sun.] 

per'il,  1  per'il;  2  per'il.    I.  vt.  &  vi. 
[per'iled  or  per'illed;  per'il-ino 
or  per'il-ling.]    To  expose  to  dan- 
ger;  put  in  peril;   imperil.      II.  n.  """ 
Exposure  to  the  chance  of  injury,  loss,  or  destruction; 
jeopardy.     [F.,  <  L.  pertciUum,  experiment,  danger.] 

Syn.:  see  danger;  hazard.  — per'll-ous,  a.  Full  of.  In- 
volving, or  attended  with  peri:;  hazardous,  par'loust; 
per'll-lousf.  Syn.:  see  precarious.  — per'll-ous-ly,  adv. 
— per'il-ous-ness,  n. 

pe-rlm'e-ter,  1  pi-rlm'i-tar:  2  pe-rlm'e-ter,  re.  Math.  The 
bounding=line  of  any  figure  of  two  dimensions;  I  Me  Bum  of 
the  sides  of  a  figure.     [  <   I.,  pcrlmctros,   <  Or.  perlmctros, 

<  peri,  around,  +  metron,  measure.] 

per"l-ne'um,  1  pcr'i-ni'um;  2  perTrie'um.  n.    I.  The  region 
of  the  body  between  the  genital  organs  and  the  rectum     ':. 
The  entire  region  at  the  outlet  of  the  pelvis.    |      <.    ' 
pertneim.]    per"l-na''umt.     per"l-ne'(or -iiie'lal,  a. 

pe'rl-odt,  't.    'I'o  finish;  put  a  period  to 

pe'ri-od,  1  pi'n-ad;  2  pS'ri-od,  n.    1.  A  definite  portion 
of  time  marked  and  defined  bj    omi   recurring  event  or 
phenomenon.    2.  A  lapse  of  time;  s    erii     ol  vt 
age;  era.    3.  The  concluding  limit  <>t  any  round  i 
or  events;  termination.    4.  The  present  daj   <>i   time: 
used  with  the  definite  article    6.  On  pecific 

lapses  of  time-  or  intervals.  <>•  A  dot  '  I  placed  on  the 
line:  used  as  a  mark  of  punctu  bence,  as 

an  abbreviation,  or  as  a  decimal  point:  a  full  stop.     7. 

I:  In  i.  A  sentence  in  which  complel (the  ense  is  sus- 
pended till  the  olo  le     I      Gi    i Ic  ,      /-  i     around, 

+  hodox.  way]  Syn.:  see  bnd;  TiMB  pc"rl-od'lc,  a  i. 
Pertaining  to  a  period;  cha  definite  periods.    2. 

Belonging  to  a  sentence  that  Is  grammatical!)  complete  •'». 
Rhel.  In  style,  denoting  Unit  kind  of  Btructurt  in  Which  tin- 


Diagram  showing 
Perihelion. 

n,  flun;  a,  aphelkm;  ;»,  peri- 


leading  member  of  the  sentence  Is  placed  last  —  pe"rl-od'- 
l-cal.  I.  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  publications  that  appear  -it 
fixed  Intervals,  2.  Periodic.  II.  n.  A  publication  appear- 
ing at  regular  intervals,  -ly,  adv.— pe"ri-o-dlc  i-u 
The  quality  of  being  periodic,  (li  Astron.  The  property 
of  recurring  In  appearance  or  frequency  at  definite  inter- 
vals of  time.  (2)  M,d.  The  tendency  of  special  phenomena 
either  normal  or  morbid,  to  recur  at  definite  periods. 

per"i-os'te-um,  1  per*i-es'ti-om;  2   |  ,mi.   n 

A  nervous,  vascular  membrane  that  surrounds  the 
bones.      I<    Gr.LI'    peri,    around,  one] 

per"l-os'te-al,  a.    per"I-os'te-ous   . 

per"i-pa-tet  'Ic,  1  perVpe-tet'ik;  2  peVi-pa-t«t  'ic  I.  „. 
1.  \\  alking  about ;  moving  from  plan  t.,  place.  2.  [P-j 
Pertaining  to  I  he  philosophy  of  Aristotle,  who  taught  in 

the  Lyceum  gymnasium  of  A.thens,  walking  among  the 
youths  who  resorted  thither.  II.  re.  1.  One  given  to 
walking  about.  2.  [P-]  A  disciple  of  Aristotle.  |  <  Gr 
peri,  about,  -f  patos,  path] 

pe-riph'er-y, )  1  pi-rif'er-i;  2  pe-rif'er-y,  re.     |-n  - 

pe-rif'er-yp,  J  1.  The  outer  surface.  2.  Circumference. 
[<  Gr.  peri,  around.  +  phero,  bear.] — pe-rlph'er-al,  a 
per"l-pher  'Ic  J ;  per"l-pher  'l-cal  ; . 

pe-riph 'ra-sis,  1  pi-rif 're-sis;  2  pe-rlfra-efe,  re.  [-si-7. 
pi.]  The  art  of  saying  little  in  many  words;  circumloi  u- 
tion.  [L.,  <  Gr.  ]nri,  around,  +  phraMS,  declare  ] 
Syn.:  see  circumlocution. — perl-phrase,  1.  nl  & 
[-phrased;  -phras'lng  ]  To  express  In  a  roundabout  man- 
ner. II.  re.  Periphrasis.  — per"l-phras'tlc.  ij  Of  the  na- 
ture of  periphrasis;  employing  indirect  words;  circumlocu- 
tory. per"l-phras'tl-calt.  periphrastic  conjugation, 
a  conjugation  formed  by  simple  verbs  u  it  It  the  aid  of  auxlll- 
aries. — per"i-phras'tl-oal-l> ,  adv. 

per'i-scope,  1  per'i-skop:  2  pert-seCp,  r».  An  Instrument  con- 
sisting of  a  revolving  prism  capable  of  reflecting  the  rays 
from  any  part  of  the  horizon  down  a  vertical  tube:  used  f..r 
the  guidance  of  submarine  boats.  [<  (Jr.  peri,  around,  • 
skopeS,  look.) — per"l-soop'lc.  n.  Viewing  on  ail  sldi 
periseopte  lens.    por'i-Kcop'1-cali. 

per'ish1,  1  per'isn;  2  pfir'ish,  o.  I.  i  To  be  destroyed; 
wither;  decay.  lit-  '•  To  cause  to  pass  away;  injure 
[<  L.*"  pereo.  perish,  <  ptr.  through,  t  >>\  go  I  By] 
die.— per'lsli-a-bl(e'\  a.  Liable  to  perish:  mortal;  liable 
to  speedy  decay,  as  fruit  in  transportation  perlsb-4-bl  e- 
nesse,  >i.     per"lsIi-a-bH'l-ty;.     ptT'lsli-a-ltly,  adv. 

per'I-sperm,  1  per'i-spiirm:  2  per'l-spc'rm,  u.    Boi.  Tissue  BUT 
rounding  the  embryo  sac  In  an  ovule,  In  which  nutrient  ma- 
terial is  stored.     [<    Cir.  jitri,  around,    +   tperma,  .-■ 
per"l-sper'mlc,  a. 

per"l-stal'sls,  1   per'i-stal'sis;  2  per"i-slal'sls.   n.    /''. 

peculiar  contractile  expulsive  muscular  movement  of  anj 

hollow  organ  of  the  body .  as  of  the  a  I  In  ien  tar  \  canal,  Where 

by  the  contents  are  gradually  propelled  toward  the  point  "f 

expulsion.     [<   peri-  +  Gr.  stuhis,  constriction, 

place]    per"i-stal'tlc,  a.    l.  Pertaining  to  or  exhibiting 

peristalsis.  2.  Elec.  Taking  place  between  tWO  coialilctors 
within  the  same  insulator. 

per'l-style,  1  per'i-stail;  2  ]>er'i-st.\  I.  i  \ 

tern  of  columns  surrounding  s  building  01  court.    I< 

(Jr.  perl,  around,  +  Stl/lOS,  pillar.] 

per"i-to-n«''um,  1  per*]                                         Bm,  re. 
A  membrane  that  lines  the  abdominal  cavitj      ILL.,  < 
Gr.  pert,  around,    t    tetnO,  stretch.]    per^l-to-nas' 

p«T"l-to-ne'al,  a.      per"l-lo-iia''al:. 

per"i-(o-nl'lis,  l  per"i-to-nai'ti    01  -nl'tis;  2p8i  l-to-nl'- 

1 1  s  or    in  11  .  1       leute  inflami  ncum. 

ptT'i-wig,  1  per'i-wig;  2  per'i-w  I         I 

a  periwig     II.  11     A  Dead*dn  1 

in  rruQUt .  pi  at  m  1 
p«'r'i-win"klic",  I  per'i  kl,         l«   \ 

small    1  1    oail      2.  [U.  B.J  1  Ine  ol  >  ariou    unii 

per'l-Hlll"klie-,    re.      A    plant    Of   the  dogbane  famil 

monly  called  mvrttt  In  the  1  mod  state.    | ,     1 
i„  /1, :  hrou  b  nd.l 

pt'r'jure,  1  |.mi  'jui ;  :_■  pi  1  iui .       •'■ 
jur-inq  j    To  make  emits  ol  perjut 
ness.    I  <  I.   ;><  r,  through.    ■ 

Syn 
(Infrequent  In  mod<  rn  u«  1  I    strlcti    10  del  ■  '    ■  it|>on 

,,:■,  almost  whoih  applli  >i 
the  legal  01  Ime  ol  i»  1  lut  1    but  11  ,l1"'  |M 

the  ease  o!  the  noun  than  ol  thi     nrli 
lover  or  a  faltl 
per'|ur-.r.  n       per'lur. ■'.      per   |u-r).   n        \ 
nf  a  falsltj    uniler  oath      per'luret. 

pork'.  1   purl  .  2  perk,         I.  I      I.  Tn  ti 

smait     •.'.  To  hold  01  poll  t ci  l>ricl  up     II- 

i  If  jauntilj  ;  hold  up 

perk,  a    Holding  up  the  head  jauntily;  port  W 

Deal   I      perk')!.      perl.    II  1"  rk'l-Ot 

pcr'lll.l-llellt,    1    pOl 


p,  r   iin- 


p»T    I  in 


II   l-l*  . 


iiiI-.iii. 


permr»t*    •    „  „        »      ,  i         |  ,  fA;  n«t.  flr:  tall,  rAlt;  bvt,bOm| 

1'lTMI.lill-  ,  ,  i         ,  ,  III  I  ,i        ....    .    ..on,        ."iSO 

helpful,  profitable,  aalutar] .  *  r^  loeable,  useful,  «  holi 

p.  r  - 1 1 1  ,  o.ii--l\  .  pi  r-lll'<  lnl|s-o, 

Pi    rtinm   .  tow  d  on  the  Bomme 

•  \  Intent  Hunting  between  <  li 

per   ■>-r.i  linn.  1  Tin' 

i'Ii.    (   oro, 
per  iv-r.iii-,  1 1      I,  [I  olloq  I    i  o  mal 
'.'.  i  u  •■inn  up;  conclude 
in  r-oi  Id,  m.  n 

pcr-oi  i.i.  .  \  ,  oxld  having  ii  larger  proportion  of 

liitiii  hi  anv  nllirr  nf  Hi. 

|>.  r-|..  .     "  .  |.  |      To  weigh  In 

tin-  mind;  consider  oaretull)     U.I     To  be  attentive    [«    I. 
i  Igb  I  [bong  I 

|ht-|i.  ii  I  bangdown     I-     I     ;>. '.  Ilir..'. 

p.  r  |.. mU  i  |Hir'|H-ini.  2  pfifpend,  n.    vatonry    \  header  ox 
tending  i  trough  a  wall  so  that  one  end  appeal 
of  II  i  L.  per),  through, 

.■.Mi.  of  a  wall;  see  panz,  n J    per'pend  itone"t. 
per  piii-ilir'u-iir.  i  p  Ier;2p6i  'p8n  die' 

I.  i     1.  Bi  mi'  al  r 1 1-!. i  angles  to  the  plane  "i  t In- 
on;    upright    or    vertical       '.'.  Geom,   Meeting    a 

fi  line  m  right  angles     II.  n      I.  A  perpendicular 
in.,     'i.  Math.   K  line  at  right  notnerlii r 

to  a  plane.    S.  Moral  uprightness.    [<  I.  par,  through, 

ee  RIGHT.      |>rr"|:«'ii-dlo"u-lar'- 
l-t\.  |icr"|it'ii-ilii-  'ii-l.ir-l) ,  'iili . 

per 'iir-lr.ilc.  1  in"ir'|n-l  i-  '  i   PBAT*IDd 

i-  ,   perform,    or    oarry    thj 

'.'.   robe  guilty  of;  commit.  |<  I    per.  through, H 

|m  rfi.rm  !  — ptT"pc-tr:i 'lion,   n.      pel  p<-tr.i"tnr,  n 

per-pef  'u-al,  1  per-peeVu-(or  -pet'yu-]el;  2  per-pech'u- 
[or -p6t'yu-]al,  o.    1.  Continuing  unlimited  m  tL 

ess.  |<  L.  perpetuus,  <  per,  through, 
+  veto,  seek.)  Syn.:  ceaseless,  constant,  continual,  continu- 
ous  i  ■  Ing,    eternal,     Incessant,    Intern 

ilternal    unceasing,  un- 
lllne   unlntennltted.  uninterrupted.    Be 

PERMANENT.      Ant.:    see    synonyms  for 
TIHN-l:    .:    -IjT,  Mir-pct  'u-atc,  it.  [-AT"BP*;  -AT'IM;  | 

To  cause  to  be  continued  or  to  endure  Indefinitely,     per- 
pefa-a'tlon,  n.    per-pei  'u-a"tor,  n.    per*pe-tu'l-ty,  n. 
.  pi.]  i.  The  quallt  ,  being  perpetual      J. 

ethlng  that  Is  perpetual,  8."  nending  or  unlimited  time 
4.  Lnu.  (1.  a  limitation   rendering   property  Inalli 
(2)  The  property  bo  limited. 
l>tT-i»l<'\",  l  psr-pleks';2  per-plSka',  vt.    1.  To  subject  to 
doubt  <ir  difficulty  in  determining;  embarrass;  puzzle 
2.  To  [<  L.  per,  through,  -t    p 

pp.  of  piicto.  plait.] 

Syn.:  bewilder,  bother,  complicate,  confound,  confuse, 
distract,  embarrass,  entangle,  harass,  Involve,  mystifj  .  pus.', 
puzzle,  trouble. — Ant.:  clear  up,  disentangle,  elucidate,  ex- 
plain, make  plain,  .simplify.  —  per-plexed',  pa.     1.  i  on 
fused;  embarrassed.    '£.  <  if  n  complicated  character. 
per-plex'i-ty,  1  par-pleks'i-ti;2  per-pHSks'1-ty,  n,    [-tibb*,  i>t.\ 
l.  Mental  diiiicnii y  owing  in  doubt,  confusion,  etc.;  also, 
thai  which  perplexes,    'i.  Entanglement, 
Syn.:  amazement ,  astonishment,  oto  Uderment,  confusion, 
ictlon,  disturbance,  doubt,  embarrassment.    Perplex- 
p,  r,  through  drawing  "f  the 

ights  <>r  (acuities  by  turns  in  different   directions  or 
inclusions;  i 

Is  a  state  in 

ere,  1  drown  Into  chao  i, 

,'  the  clear  and  distinct  action  ol  the  different  powers, 

as  or  perception,  memory,  reason,  and  will,  is  lost;  hi  wildi  r- 

< i .'.  helming,  and  more 

ered  from.    Perplei  the  unsettling 

of  the  facult  nor  the  oven*  hi 

of  tl  •  ■■>';  ii  is 

nown,  1 
it  causi     pi  rplexily.    The 
dividing  of  a  woodland  path  m  be  traveler  the 

greati  .  which  may  become  bewilderment  v. inn 

be  has  tried  one  path  after  another  and  lost  ins  Ix 

pletely.     With  an  excltabli  Idermenl  may 

deepen  Into  confu  ton  thai  will  make  him  unable  to  think 
clearly  or  even  to  Bee  or  hi  I  mazt  mi  nt  n-Hniis 

i  ol  great  good 

or  evil  or  the  sudden  awakening  of  the  muni  to  unthought  ol 

m  often   produci     bi  u  lld<  rim  nt,  w  blch 

iod  to  Imply.    See  \.u  izb- 

per'qal-slte,  1  1  poVkwi-zit; 2 peVkwi-glt, n.    Anyprofit 
per'qal-Bll  .  »rwages.    [< 

through,  +  gtutro,  Beek.] 

!••  r"r;iult '.    1    pi"r.V;    \i    \»;"tV.    Charles    ( 1028-1703).      A 

French  author  ol  tali 

per'ron,  1  :>■  r'en  or  </•'.;  pe"r8n';  2  pftr'on  or  IF.)  p6*ron',  n. 

„l  stop:,  and  :i  1'lalform  lnfijrt;  an 
cutraLiccUoor.    [i'.\ 


mu  w: 
a  for;: 

granted  by  ci 
act  or  . 
such  permits 


)  .    .  I 

p.  r   in  i-n.  nl-l)  . 

p.  r   in.  -  i-l.l   . 

p.  r    in.  -.»-!>!>  .  p.  r     in.  - 

p.  r   in.  -  .    i  ii    .     . 

I  Mr  uppermost 
I  In  the  I'ar; 
nl-jii. 
i  8  p.r-tnls'l-til.  u 

.  mix  ] 
|»r-iiu.  -ion. 

• 
•  rightful  power  oon- 

L«  »;•  w  Isdom, 

learned  research  has  <iur  a  nuthur- 

another  In  acting  without  Inter- 
' 
appr' 

ire  properly  ex- 
.•  I  it  we  'i  i  nol  ■•;•: 

i    ■  noun  permit  Implies 
' 
•  an  Individual  to  do  some 
b  ts  made  unlawful  without 
■ 

quora.    A  /iV- 
granted  rather  thai  Sherifl  has  au- 

■ 
'  wills  In  two  or  more 
persona,  a  mutual  Dg  pro- 

U.I...U  -Ant.:  denial,  bin- 
on,  prohibit 
pcr-nils"sl-bll'l-ty,    n.      per-mis'sl- 
i.i  e-ness     .     per-mU 'sl-bl  .    .    pef^mls'sli  <■■,    a.      1. 
-1..  p.r-mls'- 

I  ■  '.'■  nature  ol ; 

■ 

fM  r-ni:  I    .   .  '.  r(.  A  n.     [pi.u-M- 

1 . 

:it-  To  commit ; 
•,  through,  4-  mitto, 
Syn.-  allow,  aut;  •  mpower,  L'i\. 

put  up  w  Ith,  suffer, 
ms   for 

forbid,  object  to,  prohibit, 

p.  r-niil    I.  r. 

ptr'iiiu.  ion  or  warrant; 

p .  r- 1 1 1 1 «  tain  .-.   .  r-mlt'anc,  n.     i 

per"inll-tlv'NI), 

i   l  :•■!  .  2  p»"r"rnu-t 

'*■ 
l 
•  taking  of  all  p 

• 
■  -  - 1 ii  ii  U   .        i  •  rence  of;  Inter- 

1 

1  ■   ii     1  . 

•:.  i- 

p.r-iii  'i  ion  -.  1.  Having 

kill  or 
.'    . 
01.] 

■  -.ii,  harmful, 
•  rtlnt;,  ruinous, 
that  which 

riiru. 

. 

.  <lf,  yood,  bealtliful. 


p.r   niit-i 


■ 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au-out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    <5hin;    go;    rj  =  sin<7;   thin,   this,      perinea (e 
581     2: wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,'   this.       persuade 


per'ry1,  1  per'i;  2  pex'y,  n.  A  fermented  drink  made  from  the 
expressed  juice  of  pears.     [<  L.F  pirum,  pear.] 

Per'ryz,  n.  1.  Matthew  Calbraith  (1794-1S5S),  an  Ameri- 
can commodore;  opened  Japan  to  commerce  in  1852.  2. 
Oliver  Hazard  (1785-1819),  an  American  naval  com- 
mander; defeated  British  on  Lake  Erie,  .Sept.  10,  1813. 

pers.,  abbr.     Person,  personal,  personally. 

per 'se-cute,  1  pur'st-kiut;  2  per'se-eut,  vt.  [-cuT"EDd; 
-cut"ing.]  1.  To  pursue  in  a  manner  to  injure  or  afflict, 
as  on  account  of  religious  belief.  2.  To  harass.  [  <  L. 
per,  through,  +  seqvor,  follow.] 

Syn.:  afflict,  distress,  harass,  harry,  hunt  down,  molest, 
oppress,  torment,  worry.  See  abuse. — Ant.:  advance,  advo- 
cate, aid,  assist,  befriend,  cherish,  countenance,  encourage, 
favor,  help,  indulge,  support,  sustain,  tolerate. 

— per"se-cu'tion,  n.  1.  The  act  of  persecuting;  cruel 
oppression.  2.  Any  period  of  systematic  oppression,  inflic- 
tion of  torture,  death,  etc.,  on  account  of  religious  belief. 
3.  Persistent  petty  annoyance.  4f.  A  prosecution. — per'se- 
cu"tiv(es,  a.     -ly,  adv.    -ness,   n.  —  per'se-cu"tor,   n. 

Per-seph'o-ne,  1  psr-sefo-ni;  2  per-s&f'o-ne,  n.  The  wife  of 
Pluto  and  queen  of  the  infernal  regions. 

Per-sep'o-lis,  1  psr-sep'o-lis;  2  per-sep'o-lis,  n.  An  ancient 
capital  of  Persia;  now  in  ruins. 

Per'seus,  1  pOr'sius  or  pfjr'si-us;  2  per'sus  or  per'se-us,  n.  1. 
Or.  Myth.  The  rescuer  and  husband  of  Andromeda;  slayer 
of  the  Gorgon  Medusa.  See  Andromeda;  Medusa.  2.  Bib. 
(Apocrypha).  The  last  king  (  ?-164  B.  C.)  of  Macedonia. 
1  Mac.  vili,  5.    3.  Astron.  A  northern  constellation.    See 

CONSTELLATION. 

per"se-ver'ance,  1  pur"si-vir'8ns;  2  per"se-ver'anc,  n. 
The  act  or  habit  of  persevering;  persistence. 

Syn.:  constancy,  indefatigableness,  persistence,  persis- 
tency, resolution,  steadiness,  stedfastness,  tenacity.  Sec 
industry. — Ant.:  caprice,  fickleness,  fitfulness,  inconstancy, 
irresolution,  levity,  unsteadiness,  vacillation,  volatility. 

per"se-vere ',  1  pur"si-vir';  2  per"se-ver',  tit.  [-vered'; 
-ver'ing.]  To  persist  in  a  purpose;  continue  striving. 
[<  L.F  per,  through,  +  severus,  strict.) 

Syn.:  be  constant,  determined,  resolute,  steady,  or 
stedfast,  continue,  endure,  persist.  Persevere  is  almost  uni- 
formly employed  in  the  good  and  high  sense  of  holding  to  a 
worthy  course  against  all  difficulty,  danger,  hindrance,  or 
opposition;  persist  is  often  used  of  an  annoying  or  perverse 
adherence  to  a  demand  or  purpose  that  might  well  lie  aban- 
doned. See  insist;  persist.  Compare  obstinate. — Ant.: 
see  synonyms  for  cease. — Prep.:  persevere  in  the  right 
against  all  opposition.  —  per"se-ver'ant,  a. 

Per'shing,  1  pur'Shin;  2  per'shing,  John  Joseph  (I860-  ). 
United  States  General;  Commander«in«chief  of  American 
Expeditionary  Forces  in  European  War  1917- 

Per'sia,  1  pOr'slia;  2  per'sha.  n.  1.  A  kingdom  in  W.  central 
Asia:  628,000  sq.  m.:  pop.  0.5()(),ooo:  capital,  Teheran,  2. 
An  ancient  empire,  extending  from  the  /ICgcan  sea  to  the 
Indus;  conquered  by  Alexander  the  Great,  334-331  B.C. 
Persian  Umpire;.  —  Per'siau.  I.  a.  of  or  pertaining  to 
either  ancient  or  modern  Persia,  its  people,  it s  language,  or 
its  architecture.  Per'sict.  II.  n.  1.  A  native  or  inhabi- 
tant of  Persia.  2.  The  language  of  Persia.  3.  A  line  silk 
used  formerly  for  linings. — Persian  (Julf,  an  arm  of  the 
Indian  ocean,  between  Persia  and  Arabia;  520  by  220  m. 

per"sl"flagc',  1  per"si"flfi3';  2  per"si"fla/.li'.  n.  A  light,  flip- 
pant style  of  conversation  or  writing.     [F.] 

per-siiii'mon,  1  par-sim'an;  2  per-slm'on,  n.  The 
orange=red  or  yellow,  plumrlike  fruit, 
of  an  American  tree  of  the  ebony 
family,  very  astringent,  in  taste  nui  il 
exposed  to  frost;  also,  the  tree  itself, 
its  hard  blackish  wood  or  tonic  and 
astringent  bark.     [Am.  Ind.] 

per-sist'd,  1  par-sist';  2  per-sfst',  vi. 

1.  To  adhere  firmly  to  any  a 
design,  etc.    2.  To   continue  fixed; 
endure.     [<  L,  per,  through,-)-  sis- 
to,  caus.  of  sto,  stand  | 

Syn.:  continue,  endure.  Insist,  last,  persevere,  remain 
As  applied  to  duration.  endUTt    Is   tin-    nobler  iw.nl;   last    \. 
applied  chiefly  to  things,  iniinr,  to  either  persona  or  things 

That  remains  or  stays  which  Is  simply  lei  alone;  thai  which 
endures  or  per  Ists  does  so  against  opposing  Forces  We 
speak  of  a  persistent   foi  upon  hh  de- 

mand,  persists   in    his   refusal.      See    under    INSIST; 
vi;ke.  — Ant.:  see  synonyms  for 
course,  twain  1  remon  it  ranee 

per-sls'tencetn.  The  quality  of!  ent,   per- 

sis'tcn-cj •%.      Syn.:   see    r.m  per- 

sls'tent.  n.    1.  Finn  and  persevering  lii  B  CO 

2.  Enduring;  permanent.  Syn.:    eel 

rflLE;  obstinate;  permanent.     per-sli'tent-ly,  ad 
per 'son,  l  puVsanj  2  peVson,  n,    l.  \  human  tx  ii 

individual.      '£.   The    body   ol    B    hu 

characteristic  appearance  and  condition     3.   Law     \n. 


human  being,  corporation,  or  body  politic  having  legal 
rights  and  duties.    4.   Theol.   One  of  the  three  individu- 
alities in  the  triune  God;  hyp.  »ta-is.    5.  Gram,  i 
the    relations    or    modifications    that    distinguish    the 
speaker,  the  person  or  thing  -  I  the  person 

or  thmg  spoken  of;  also,  the  forms  or  inflections  indi- 
cating such   relation;   as,  I  or 

or   r'f.     6.    Biol.   An   individual.      7.   Sup.  rciliously,    a 
common  individual.     S  .  A  part  acted  on  the  stage. 

[<    F.   pcrsorine,    <    L.   persona,   mask 
through.  -|-  sonus,  Bound.]— per'son-a-bl  e>-.  at.     Attrac- 
tive in  person:  of  good  appearance.— per 'son-age  I. 
A  man  or  woman  as  an  Individual,  especially  one  ol  rank. 
2.  An  assumed  character.-  per'son-al.    I.  a.  1.  Pertaining 
to  a  particular  person.    2.  Characteristic  of  human  bi 
freeageins.    3.  Performed  by  or  done  1  i                    directly 
concerned.    4.  Springing  from  or  belonging  i 
Pertaining  to  the  body  or  appearance.     •>.  Directly  charac- 
terizing an  Individual;  hence,  disparaging.    7.  Appertaining 
to  the  person:  movable,  as  chattels      -                 icnotlng 
the  person.    II.  n.    1.  Law.  A  movable  article  of  property; 
chattel.    2.  a  paragraph  or  advertisement  of  personal  refer- 
ence or  application.      |>cr"son-al'l-t> .  n.     [-TIES*,  pi.)     1. 
That  which  constitutes  a  person.    2.  That  win.-h  distin- 
guishes and  characterizes  a  person.     3.  Anything 
a  person,  especiallj  if  disparaging.    4.   \  person,  especially 
one  of  exceptional  qualities.    Synj  see  character,    per'- 
son-al-Iy,  adv.     1.  In  proper  person;  not  through  an 
2.  Individually.     3.  With  reference  to  one's  person) 
per'son-al-ty,  n.     Persona!    property. — per'son-ale.      I. 
Vt.     [-AT'KD'i;  -ATMNG.]     1.  To  assume  the  character  of.  im- 
personate.   2t.  To  tj  pify;  personify.    llj.d.    Impersonate.!, 
feigned.      Syn.:  see  IMITATE.-     pcr"so-iia'tion,  n.      The  act 
of  personating;   impersonation,  especially  false  personation. 
— per'son-a"tor,  n      per-son'1-fy,  vt.     [-pif.d;  -m  inq.) 

1.  To  attribute  human  qualities  to     2.  To  typlf;      per- 
son"l-fi-ca'tion,  rt.    1.  sinking  or  typical  exempllQi 

2.  Rhet.  The  figurative  endowment  of  things  or  o! 
qualities  with  personality  or  human  attributes.    3.  A 
emblematic  represei  d  abstract  quality  or  id.-a 
by  a  human  figure.     per-son'l-H"er.  r».     per"son-nel', 

Persons  collectively,    as  in  some  service,  or   their  collective 
characteristics. 
persp.,  aobr.     Perspective. 

per-spec'tiv(eM,  1  per-epek'tiv;  3  per-apSi  'tiv     I.  a     1. 
Pertaining  to  the  art  of  perspei  tive     '-•  Drawn  in  per- 
spective.   II.  n.    1.  The  art  of  delineating  solid 
ona'1  to  that  they  shall  appear  to  the  eyi  in 

relief  like  tiie  i,ai  objects.  2.  A  distant  view; 
3t«  A  pocket  telescope;  bpj  glass  [F.,  <  I 
through,    i-  specio,  look.]— per-spec'tli  e-lj  -.  I.  In 

accordance  with  the  laws  ol  optical  perspective,     ft.   In 
wide  prospect,  as  through  o  telescope 

per"spl-ca 'clous,  l  p0r"spi  k6'sliu8;2  pPr*spl-c*'shfi  i 

Keenly  discerning  or  understai,  I.     [' 

L.  perspieai 

Syn.:  see  icdte;   isti  n;  baqacioub.     per"spl-ca'clou8- 

ly.ai/i      per"spl-ca'clou8-ne8s,  r».    per^spl-cac'l-ty, 

Menial    ]iel, ell';, lam    in    c  1 1  Si  -(Tl  i  men  t .       Syn .:    BOC     V   I    Ml   N 

per"spi-cu'l-t.v.    1    pur'spi-kiu'i  i  I 

<  ilearness  of  expression  or  Btj  le;  lucidity.    2;.  I 
3t.  Trail  pai  ene 

Syn.:  cii  am,    i,  dlstlnctm  s.  Intelligibility,  lu- 

chin      pel  p  iuou  qi       ;'  ilgulty,  cloud- 

iness, confusion,  Ini  Intri- 

cacy; obscuiii  y,  unlntelll 

per-splc'u-ous,   i 

ing  i  he  qualil  y  of  pi  i  ■    I 

per,  iinoi;  [to  i  vr;  pi  Kit* 

per-splc'u-ous-ly,  ad\     per-splc'u-oua-neas,  n      ivr- 
,1111 

per-splre'i    I  er-aplr',  vt.  &   vi      [pin- 

spired';  ii  |    1 

of  i be  skin  or  analogous  orifl  ■ 

thron:  |  breathe.]    per-splr'm-bl  V,         per"- 

s pi- r  a  Hon.  pi  I.  i  he  secretion  and  exhalation  of  n 
the  ...... ,  |,  The  fluid  exhaled; 

per>suade'i  l   pet 

BTJ  vi.'r  h'1;   PI  ii  -i    m.'ino  ]      I.  To  » 
,.r   ri  0    on, i, 

liel ;  plea, I  :   . 

tame  or  adoption;  Inouloatt  : 

Syn.:  allure,  bring  '  ntlr*, 

Impel.    Incite.    Incline.    IndU 

vail    on   or   Upon,    UTgC,   Win   n\  ■  ■        1)1 

alone  I,,,,  no  dire,  i 
an  oflCCI  upon  the  ni, 

ot  iii   duty  «  Ithont  doing  Ii   ■  ■'  '""!l 

that    ha  i  no  in  , nit ,  lion     ■■ 

a  mathomat 
win  of  anotl ' 

upon  it  shori  ■ 


;.h  il.iti\ 


. 


I  i  h :   full.  rule;   bot,  l>Oni; 

i         .  ,.  iii  i  ■•••••    -,.,■  .      581 


pa  n 


'    ■ 

.  r.  |..  r--n  i    -i-MI   1-1  >  .  |mi- 

p.  MM    -l-M    .     . 

p.  r--u  >   -1..M.  I  .    i     ■         '  •■(  |m  r- 

or    drnomlnal  • 

rnont  !•(  Invention  In 
.  w  m.  in  order  to  l( 

in  r— hi  »i>  .    .  Having  power  or 

-i> .  -ii.  --. 

1.  1  disrespectfully  forward  or 
I  .  ly      [Partly 

(  •!     an  -I.  "i"  n  ] 

|><  rl    Ii. 
prrl    • .  1  .'  I"  rl    . 

pert.. 
|i<  r-l  mi    .  Ii 

mi  hi    etc      '■!.  To  have  refer- 

luilii  | 
ri  'Sard,  relate        1 
i  I.  A  historic  city  In  S    i 

■  ■■.     tern  Australia; 

i«  r  ii-ni  rlous,   I  ti-na'shas,  o. 

I.  boruly  adhering  t"  a  pur- 

'.' .    '  ■       •  !  1 1  .       (  < 

•      ll\l- 

Ml.lMlil.l;   obstinate;    rjBOBNT.     -I}, 

|i.  r  1 1- ii. ii   i-t> .         per^tt-na'eloOB-nesst. 
-uciii.  !  ■     ■  •  i-nent :  2  i >r r  t i-n."nt .  a.     Related  to 
matter  in  hand;  relevant. 
.        pertain.]     Syn.:  see 

p>  r  ll-iiinl-l) .      adv.      per 'll-iiencc,      n. 
p.r   il-m  n-i  ■>  ::    per 'tl-iieiil-n 

run  necSi  .  The  quality  or  con- 

Impertl- 

sprlghtll- 

•    pleasant  and  com- 

nii]  regardless 
• 

•.hi  di  wci .     Ant.:  bashful- 
unllltj .  modi 
p.  r-i urii  .  To  disquiet 

i 
|nr-turli'a-l>l  <■'.   a      per"- 
lur-ha  il'.n.        i.  I  being  perturbed.    1.  Devi- 

per-turb'ance;. 

I'.-ru  .  republic  in  W.  South  America; 

d,  l.lnia.  —  Pe-ru'vl- 

I".  rm  l  in  li.irU.  tame  M  '  im  B 
r.  -ru  g|  i.  ru'ga,  n     A  town  In  central  Italy. 

.in".  Pseudonym  of 

in  painter. 

iM'-ruki •'.   .  ''uk;  2  |"'-rnk' -<r  tx'r'uk,  n.     A 

periwig  introduei  d 
gland 
pe-ru-e '.  . 

I .  read  1  hrough.    '*  - 

ise,  r.] 
—  pe-ru'oal,  n.     I  lslng. 

I'.  Mil  .. 

'.ad',     Tt.        [pER-VAD,EDd; 

pbb-1  I.  pread  through  every  part; 

;. 
thrti'i.  per-va'slon,        per-va'sli  e  . 

-lj  .  -ii 

1.  \\  ilfully  wrong 
;.  Thwarting  or  r<ir 

-  tulant.      [<   L.  perverstU,  Dp    oi 

rroward,  Intractable, 
intoward.way- 

ong  way) 
slgnioea  wilfully  wrong  or  erring,  unreasonably  set  against 


right  olMinah  per- 

.    i  not  do  wii;it  another  di  .  ilrea;  in*  per- 

m  will  (In 

ii  ma)  coinplj . 
Individual  ma)  be  in Hi  "r  silent,  but  la  wtl 

full)  l      .nl  ,.! 

ilcto;  untoward 

•.iii    accommodating, 

amenable,  complaisant,  r pliant,  gen  Ii    kind, 

per>versc  i>.  per»»er'alon,  •.     L)l 

ppllcal  Ion      prr-iiT  '•.!-•> . 
pcrvci  w  nature  oi  bvhavioi     per-rerse'neMt.    per- 
i,  r  -ii  ,■  .         i .  riding  i"  iMi . 
p(  r-i  i n  '.   I  &rt';  2  pei  \  •  1 1 '      I  .    '      I.    i 

from  ii-  right  pui .  '.'.  I •  •  alter  for 

the  w ■  :i  .  ro  turn  another  waj .  n\ <  rt;  divert 

Smi:   corrupt,  distort,  falsify,  garble,  misquote,  mlsrop- 

I  ■  i    . 
quote,  rectify,  restore      Prep.:  pcrven  from  good  to  evil, 
II.  n.    An  I   '    ■    i" i .  i  hrough, 

turn      per-vert'er,        per-verfl-bll'l-ty,  n 

per-\crt  'I-  til  i-   .  1 1  <  ■  r  -  \  i  r  I  '  I  - 1 1 1  > .  ,i,ti 

ix-r'il-mis.  1  puVvi-u  .  L'  p.  t  '\  i  D  ,  a  Capable  ol  being 
penetrated;  permeable.     |<    I..  /»r,  through, 

-III    ". 

per']  lit*  >      Same  b    rum.. 

per'yshi  Same  as  pkri 

pea,  l  p  pi  ]  Anal.    1. 

distal  segment  ol  the  bind  limb  ol  ■  vertebrate,  com- 
posed of  tarsus,  metatarsus,  and  phalanges.    8.  I  ro 
organ,  appearance,  or  pun     [i.  ,  tool  1 

pe-sade',  1  pi  s6d'  oi  -s8d  W,  n.    The  act  or 

position  Ol  :i  s;ii|,l  irln«.     [P.] 

Pes'cs-do'res,  l  pes"ks-dO  pi.     A 

group  ol  Islands  between  Taiwan  and  China;  60  sq  m.;  pop, 
54,200. 

pe-se'ta,  1  p8-e6'ta;2  pe-ee'tft,  n,    [8p.]    Beei 

Pe-sba'war,  1  pe-sna'wtrr;  2  pe-shB'wur,  n.  The  capital  ol 
the  Northwest  Frontier  Province  Brltlshlndla;  pop.  87,900. 

pes'ky,  1  pesTa'  2  pfis'lty,  a.  [Colloq.,  v.  s.|  CharacterlEed 
by  annoyance;  troublesome;  plaguy.    [Perhaps  cor.  •    pi    p.] 

pe'so,  l  pfi'so;  l'  pe'eo,  n.    The  Spanish  or  the  M 
dollar.    See  coin,     [Sp.] 

pes  'sl-mlsm,  1  pes'i-mizm;  2  pes'i-mlsm,  n.  1.  A  dispo- 
sition tu  take  a  gloomy  view  <>f  affairs.  '-J.  Cynicism. 
'.I.  Philos.  A  theory  of  cosmology  thai  regards  the 
cosmos,  or  the  world  ami  life,  or  some  main  constituent 
thereof,  as  essentially  evil,  or  (in  um  extreme  form)  :is 
the  worst  possible  world.     [<  L.  p  ■  >rstj 

pes'sl-mlsr^    »     pi^'Si-mls'tlc,    -ti-cal,    «.    pes'sl- 
mls'tl-cal-l),  adv. 

pest*  1  pest;  2  peet,  n.  L.  A  virulent  epidemic;  pestilence, 
'i.  a  pernicious  or  vi  tatious  person  or  thing.  [<  V. 
peste  (<  L.  pestis),  plague  ;  peflt'^house",  n.  A  hospital 
for  treating  Infectious  iiisi-ascs. 

l*c-."ta-lo/'/l.  1  in  .i.i-l. ii'm;  2  pe8*ta-16fsl,  Joliann  llidn- 
rich  (1746  1827).  A.  Swiss  educational  reformer. — Pes"ta- 
loz'zl-an,  a.  &  n. 

pes'ter<  1  i  »•  ■  - '  i .  •  r ;  2  pea'tfir,  H.  To  bcsit  in  an  annoying 
or  irritating  way. — pes'ter-er, 

pes-tlf'er-oos,  l  pes-tifer-os;  2  pSs-tif'e'r-fis,  a.    1.  Car- 

rying  pestilence,    'i.  Threatening  or  bringing  danger  <>r 

evil.    (<  L.  pestis,  plague,   {    L.  fero,  bear.)    Syn.:  nee  noi- 

pcs-tlfVr-ous-ly,    adt.     pcs-tlfcr-ous-ncss,    n. 

pt's'li-K-iil,  1  pes'l  i-l.  hi  ;  2  pfis'ti-lSnt,  a.  1.  Tending  to 
produce  malignant  zymotic  disease,  'i.  Having  a 
malign  influence  or  effect,  '-i.  Making  trouble;  vexa- 
tious. [F.,  <  L.  pi  still  nit-)s,  <  pestis,  plague.]  -ly,  adv. 
— pes'ti-lriK-r,  tt  \"  nrldi  ipread  and  fatal  infectious 
malady:  used  also  figuratively.  pes"tl-len'tlal,  a.  Hav- 
ing the  nature  of  or  breeding  pestilence.  Syn.:  see  noisome. 

pes'tl  «•'',  1  pes']  or  pes'tl;  2  pes7!  or  pes'ti,  v.  [pba'ti  i  d; 
pes'tldjo.]  I.  f.  To  pound,  grind,  or  mu  with  a 
pestle,  as  in  a  mortar,    II.  t.    To  use  a  pestle. 

pes  'il  <•'',  n.  An  implement  used  for  braying,  bruising,  or 
mixing  subsl  a  a  mortar;  a  pounder.    [<L.°' 

in  iu  .  pp.  of  pfnso,  pound.] 

pet,  i  pet;  2  pet,  ".    [PKr/TBn*;  pst'tino.]   To  treat  asa  pet; 

fondle.     Syn.:  see  i  m;i  js;   PA1IFZB. 

pei.  i.  Being  a  pet;  indulged  and  fondled.    '!.  Re- 

favorite;  chei 

I •  •  l  .  1.  A  tame,  fondled  nnimn.1.     2.  Any  loved  and 

cherished  creature.    (<  Ir.  peat.] 

pet2,  n.  A  fit  of  pique  or  ill  temper;  peevish  mood.  [Prob. 
-'  pki1.  through  pm  nsH,  taken  as  'like  a  spoiled  child.'] 

Fet.,abbr.    Peter. 

pet  'ai,  i  pet'elj  2  pfit'al,  n.  One  of  the  leave,,  or  subordi- 
nate parts  of  a  corolla.  [<  (n  petalon.  Leal.]  pef'- 
aled,  ii.  Provided  with  petals  pet 'ailed;;  pct'a-lousj. 
— pet"a-llf'er-ous,  a.    Bearing  petals.    [+  L.  fero,  bearj 


1: a  =  final;    t=hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10=  feud;    Cliin;    go;    X)  =  B\ng;    fhin,    this.  pert 

583      2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.       phalanx 


— pet'a-lln(es,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to.  or  like  a  petal. — pet'- 
a-loid,  a.  Bot.  Like  or  consisting  of  petals.    [+  -oid.] 

pe-tard',  1  pi-tdrd';  2  pe-tard',  n.  1.  An  explosive  device 
formerly  used  for  making  breaches,  etc.,  as  in  walls.  2. 
A  small  paper  bomb  used  in  pyrotechny  to  imitate  the 
sound  of  musketry.     [OF.]    pe-tar'f. 

pet'a-sus,  1  pet'a-sus;  2  pet'a-sus,  n.  Gr.  Anliq.  1.  A  hat. 
typically  with  broad  brim  and  low  crown,  worn  by  heralds 
and  travelers,     'i.  The  winged  hat  of  the  god  Mercury. 

pe'ter,  1  pi'ter;  2  pe'ter,  vi.  To  thin  out,  fail,  or  disap- 
pear: said  in  mining  of  a  vein  or  seam:    used  with  out. 

Pe'ter,  n.  1.  Bib.  A  Galilean  fisherman,  Simon  by  name; 
one  of  the  twelve  apostles.  Matt,  iv,  IS.  2.  Either  of  the 
two  epistles  written  by  him.  3.  Any  one  of  several  emperors 
of  Russia,  especially:  P.  I.  (1672-1725),  "The  Great"; 
remodeled  government  of  Russia.  4.  P.  "the  Hermit" 
(1050?-1115),  a  French  monk;  preacher  of  the  1st  crusade. 

Pc'ter-bor"ough,  1  pi'tar-bur"o;  2  pe'ter-b6r"o,  n.  A  cathe- 
dral city  in  central  England;  pop.  33.600. 

Pe'ters-burg,  1  pi'tarz-burg;  2  pe'ters.-burg,  n.  1.  Saint. 
Same  as  petrograd.  t.  A  port  in  S.  E.Virginia;  pop. 24.000; 
captured  after  a  siege  by  General  Grant,  April  2,  1S65. 

pet'i-ole,  1  pet'i-ol;  2  pet'i-6l,  n.  1.  Bot.  The  footstalk 
of  a  leaf.  2.  Zool.  A  stalk  or  peduncle.  [  <  L.OF  pcti- 
olus,  fruit«stalk.]— pet'i-o"lar,  a.  Pertaining  to  a  petiole. 
pet"I-o-la'ceous};  pet'l-o-la"ryt.—  pet'i-o-late,  a.  Hav- 
ing a  petiole. 

pet 'it,    )  1  pet'i;  2  pfit'i,  a.    Small;  lesser;  minor;  petty: 

pet'typ,  J  used  in  law  phrases;  as,  petit  jury;  petit  larceny. 
[F.,  =  petty.] — pet'itsmai"tre,  an  effeminate  man;  cox- 
comb.   [F.] 

pe-tite',  1  pa-tit';  2pe-tit',  a.  Diminutive.   [F.]  -ness,  n 

pe-ti'tion,  1  pa-tisli'an;  2  pe-tish'on,  vt.  &  vi.  To  present 
a  petition;  request.  Syn.:  see  ask;  pray. — pe-ti'tlon-a-ry, 
a.— pe-tl'tion-er,  n. 

pe-ti'tion,  n.  1.  A  request,  supplication,  or  prayer;  a 
solemn  or  formal  supplication.  2.  A  formal  request, 
written  or  printed,  preferred  as  to  a  person  in  authority, 
asking  for  some  grant  or  benefit,  the  redress  of  a  griev- 
ance, etc.     [OF.,   <  L.  petitio(n-),  <  peto,  seek.] 

Syn.:  appeal,  application,  craving,  entreaty,  pleading, 
prayer,  request,  supplication.  See  prayer. — Ant.:  com- 
mand, demand,  denial,  exaction,  refusal,  requirement. — 
Prep.:  a  petition  to  the  council  for  right  of  way. — pet'i-to- 
ry,  1  pet'l-to-n;  2  pet'i-to-ry,  a.  Solicited  or  soliciting  by 
petition.  [Italian  scholar  and  poet. 

Pe'trarch,  1  pi'trark;  2  pe'triirc,  Francesco  (1304-1374).  An 

pet'rel,  1  pet'rel  or  pi'trel;  2  pet'rSl  or  pe'trel,  n.  A  long* 
winged,  dusky  sea-bird,  frequenting  the  high  seas,  and 
rarely  landing;  Mother  Carey's  chicken.  See  BIRD. 
[  <  F.  petrel,  lit.  'little  Peter'  (from  seeming  to  walk  on  the 
sea,  like  St.  Peter).    Matt,  xlv,  29.] 

pe-tres'eent,  1  pi-tres'ent;  2  pe-tres'ent,  a.  Petrifying,  or 
tending  to  petrify.  [<   L.  para  (<   Gr.  pctra),  rock.] 

Pe'trle,  1  pl'tn;  2  pe'tri,  William  Matthew  Flinders 
(1853-         ).    An  English  Egyptologist. 

pet'ri-fy,  1  pet'n-fai;  2  pet'ri-fy,  v.  [-fied;  -fy"ino.]  I. 
t.  To  convert  (an  organism)  into  a  substance  of  stony 
character;  figuratively,  to  make  bard  and  unyielding; 
stun  with  fear  or  surprize.  II.  i.  To  become  stone  or 
stony;  become  callous,  or  be  stunned  or  dazed.  [  <  I, 
pelra,  rock;  and  see-FY.] — pet"ri-far'tion,  n.  1.  Partial  or 
entire  replacement  of  the  material  of  an  organism  by  min- 
eral matter;  fossiiization.  pc-t res'cence  | ;  pe-tres'cen- 
cyj.  2.  A  fossil.  pet"rl-n-ca'tiont.  ppt"rl-f;ic'tlv(«"\ 
a.  1.  Causing  or  tending  to  petrify,  pe-trlf'lef.  2.  Per- 
taining to  petrifaction. 

pct'ro-,  1  pet'ro-;  2  pet'ro-..  From  Greek  petros,  pelra, 
rock;  also  from  petrous  as  applied  to  the  temporal 
bone:  a  combining  form,  pet'ro-frlyph,  n.  A  primi- 
tive figure  or  legend  cut   In  rock.     [  ■    Cr.  glyphO,  CI 

pefro-glyph'ic,  a. 

Pe'tro-gnid,  1  pe'iro-grmi;  2  pe'tro-grad,  n.  A  city,  capital  of 
Russia,  on  the  river  Neva:  pop  dedb    Petei 

the  Great.  1703;  name  changed  from  Bl    Petei  bui 

pe-trog'ra-phy,  n.    The  branch  of  petrol that  stud 

struct.i'ral,  mlneralogleal,  and  chemical  Characters  01  rocks. 

[<  petro-  +  -ok \en r.j  pe-trog'ra-pher,  «  pefro- 
graph'ic,  a.  pefro-grapli'l-cal. .  pet  "ro-graph  'l-cul- 
ly,  adv. 

petrol.,  abbr.     Petrology. 

pt'-tro'U'-iim,    l    pi-tro'h-um;  2   pe-tr6le-tim,  Vn 

inflammable  oily  liquid  compi  lound  ■ 

of  hydrogen  and  carbon  exuding  from  the  earth;  coal 
oil.  [<  L.  pelra,  rock,  )  oleum,  oil  I  pet'rol,  «.  I. 
i  .:i  ioUne  an  automoblll  t's  term     21  -  Petrolt  um 

pe-trol'o-gy,  1  pi-trel'o-ji;2p< 
of  rocks:  a  branch  of  geologj      [<  Gr.  pel 

-LOOT.]— pet" ro-log'lc,     -l-cal,     </.      pH'To-log'l-cil-lv . 
adv. — pe-trol'o-glsl,   n 
pet'ro-nel,  l  pet'ro-nel;  2  p6t'ro-n8l,  n     ireheol    \  n rearm 

about  tin  :.!/.,  i,i  :i  kin-e  ooi  i  pistol,  Bred  while  the  itook 


rested  against  the  breast.     [<    OF.   pitrinal.    <    petHnt 
breast,  <  L.  pectus,  breast.]     pet  TI-nelt:  pol'trl-nalt. 
pet'rous,  1  petfrusor  pi'trus;  2  petfrus  or  pPtrQs,  a,    t.  Hard 
like  stone.     2.  Pertaining  to  or  situated  near  the  hard  por- 
tion of  the  temporal  bone.    |  <.   l..  petrosus,  rocky    • 

<  Gr.  petra,  rock.]    pe-tro'^.il   . 
pet'ti-ioat,  1  pet'i-kot;  2  pet'i-eot,  r».    A  skirt 

garment   depending  from   the   waist;   especially, 
man's  underskirt.     [  <  petty  +  coat,  n  ] 
pet'ti-fog,  1  pet'i-fog;  2  peVi-fog,  v.     [-fogged; 
cing.]    I.  (.  [Colloq.]  To  conduct,  as  legal  business,  in  a 
small  or  tricky  way.     II.  i.    To  be  a  pettifog!  I'd  - 

ti-fog"ser,  n.  An  inferior  law  ver.  especially  one  chiefly 
employed  on  mean  or  petty  cases.  ,,r  resorting  to  small  or 
tricky  methods.    [  <  petty  +  lugger,  lawj  er,  <  MD 

<  focken,  pack  up.]— pet'ti-fog"Kcr-y.  n. 

pet'tish,  1  pet'ish;  2  peVish,  a.  Capriciously  wVtem- 
pered;  testy.    Syn_-  see  fbetfdi      pet'nsh-ly,  pet'- 

tisli-ness,  n.     Capriclousness;  ill-temper. 

PATIENCE. 

pet'tl-toes,  1  pet'i-tOz;  2  pet'i-tos.  ti.  />/.  The  aborted  toes 
at  the  back  of  a  pig's  foot;  humorously,  the  human 

pet'tie,  1  pet'i:  2  pet'i,  v.  I.I.  [Scot.]  To  pet;  Indulge;  cher- 
ish.    II.  i.   [Prov.  Kim.  or  Scot.]    To  he  close:  nestle. 

pet'to.  1  pet'to;  2  pet'to.  n.  The  breast.  [It .]  cardinal  in 
petto,  a  cardinal  appointed,  but  not  \et  formally  an- 
nounced.—in  p.,  within  one's  own  breast:  to  oneself 

pet'ty,  1  pet'i;  2  pSt'y,  a.    [pet'ti-i  r;  pbt'ti-est.]    lla\  - 

ing  little  worth,  importance,  position,  or  rank;  trilling; 
inferior.    [■:    F.  petit,  small.]    Syn.:  see  enii.iusii:  inmomm- 
i  int:  little;  small,    pet'tl-ly,  ads.    pet'tl-ness.  n. 
pet'u-lant,  1  pet'yu-lent;  2  pet'yu-lant,  a.     1.  Display- 
ing or  characterized   by   capricious   fretfulness      '.'  ■ 

Saucily    rtale;    insolently    wanton;    pert.      [<     I.,    petti- 

lan(t-)s,  u\t.  <  peto,  attack.]    Syn.:  see  fretful:  peiw 

— pet'u-lance.  n.   Fretfulness;  Ul*humor.   pefu-Ian-eyt. 

Syn.:  sec  impatience.  — pet  u-lanl-h  ,  <utr. 
pe-tu'ni-a,  1  pi-tiu'm-a;  2  pe-tQ'ni-a,  n.     A  plan!  of  a 

Brazilian  genus  of  hi  rlis  of  the  nightshade  family,  with 

funnel  shaped  Bowers.     [<  Am.  ind,  petun,  tobacco  1 
pew,  1  pin;  2  pu,  n,    A  long  enclosed  seat  in  a  church; 

formerly,  a  bozalike  quadrangle,  usually  raised  on  a  low 
platform,  with  seats  on  three  sides  for  a  family.     |  ■     '  'I 

peu,  elevated  scat,  <  i..  podium,  balcony,  -  Gr,  podion, 
dim.  of  pous  (pod-),  foot.] 

pe'wee,  1  pi'wi;  2  pe'we,  n.  [U.  S  1  A  small  olivi 
flycatcher.    [From  its  note.] 

pe'wlt,  1  pi'wii ;  2  pS'wit,  n.  \  pewi  e,  lapwing,  or  laugh- 
ing gull.    [Imitative.]    pee'witt;  pe'wetj. 

pew'ter,  1  piQ'l  ••>■.  2  pfi't  er,  n.    1.  An  alloy,  usually  of  tin 
and  lead,  formerly  much  used  for  tableware     2.  Powtel 
vessels  collectively.     [<  OF.  peutre,    <    LG 
zinc]    pew'ter-er,  ".    A  smiih  who  worts  in  i 

p.  f.,  ahhr.     [It.]    Pitt  forte  (a  little  loud.;  pi..  Pel 

feet,  preferred. 

pfennig.      /  1    pfen'ig,    -in;   2    pffin'lg,    -Ink',    n,      [PFEN'MG 
plcn'lililg,  j  PFEN'NI-GE,  1  -1-ge;  :.'  -l-ge.  til  I     *  small  ooppi  r 

coin  of  Germany,  of  which  400  equal  a  1  nltcd  States  dollai 

|( ;..       I't.w.  i  l<  Irand 

l*g.,  o66r.     Portugal,   Portuguese.     1*.  <•-   ^'  ■ 
Pha>a'clan,  L  n-6'Shei  in  Homerli   ' 

pertaining  to  the  people  .,f  phoacla,  an  island  Ideal 

some  wiiii  Corfu      Phas-a'clan,  n, 

l'li:c'dra,  1  fl'dr,.;  2  fe'di.e  titer  ol 

m  Inoa  and  w  ife  of  i  aeseus,  «  ho  killed  hi 
IMiic'drus,  i  rj'drus;  2  te'drus,  n      \  Qroco"Roman  I 

of  the  iime  of  Tiberius,  07  ,,t  who  extant 

phse'no-,  l  fl'no  1 

bine) :  a  combining  form,     phas 'no-gam, 

A  Qowerlng  plant;  one  of  iho  I'htrnooamta 

marriage.]  phe'no-gamt.     Pha9wno-ga'ml-a, 

Same  as  Prank :um      pb.i-'       pb,     no-gam  Ir.plua- 

[or  phe-]nog'a-mous, 
rha'i-ii 1  fc'i  than; 

son  of  iiciios  (the  Bun),  v.  1  m.  in 

the  attempt  to  drive  hla  fat  hi 
ptaa'e-ton,  i  1  fe't  tan;   :•   I  v    Hghl    four* 

fa'c-loii',    I  wli. .  :• 

an. I  usually    having  ;>  top 

di  \\ ,  1  ,tf  the    ne  chariot  ] 
-phaglc,  -phagous,  1  "  lu 

li M   a»,  nnthropo 

-phag) .  \  termination  foi  1 

pba-lange',  i 

hoi/ii'.  n     Same  b  •  pm  u  ' 
pnal'an-titer-y,  1  ' 
dlncc  m  whl(  h 

1     , 
1 .1    phalanx,  phalann  !    phal'an    U  <■ 
phalanx,  I  1  f t 
fa'lanxp,   1  ■•  -■■  pi  In   11  uol  I  vu*  <  ■ 


ph.illlll 
phoungrap 


,Arl;    !a         >  I  I  i  "  full,  rflle;   1«u(,  bfl 

i  '.  what,  ftll.        .  ...  ii  i  i  ,  «i,  not,  01.  »< 


Irnj 


!■ h.in 

B-IMOUV 


■      Ml  VI  1 

to  which 
Ii  flowers 

rtalolng 


i»f  or  i 


phan 

|>Iiiii 

I'h.ir 


la»lill. 
I  asm, 

H1.1 


pilar 


Uni:. 


pli  in   .  r-o-ga  ml-an  or 

• .  -.      \  -  \i.  eta 

.--i .  ph  in  (..in. 

rm   . 

•I .  \     I  .;.iiil.'iry 

iry. 

I'll  « r    .1-011    lc. 

:  an  ancient 

'  0  tradi- 

II.  b. 

ph  ir    1-..1   I.  .   phar    l--.i   l-i  ,il.  I. 

n  InK  the  form,  but 
phar"l-sa  i-i  il-l>  . 
i  I-.  1 1 - 1 1 . — .         iiii.ir  i--.i-isin,  'i     The  prin- 

cncr,   formality  .  Self* 

phar'1-see- 


J'li 


: iharmacy.     |  <  ( ii 
atatt  .    .  phar'ma-i  il      phar"- 

iiii-i.u   il-r.il..      i.h.ir    in.i-i  iii'll-i  ,il-l> .  phar"- 

m.i-i  .u    (I.  t,  pli.i  r    ilia-ecu  '- 

list,  a       k  qualified  druggist,     pliar'ina-cl-t: . 
pliar  in.i-r.i-,  1  ■t'ms-ko-;  _'  farma-.  o-.     Prom  <  ;r.rk  phar- 

matoi.  drug  phar**ma  rol'o  Cfi  "■ 

pliar"ma-ro-lo'- 
gl-a;.      pilar    m  i-.  D-tog  'lr,      -l-ral.      a.-  pIiar"ma-co- 

il-l>  .  phar "iiia-i'nl   ..-ti-t, 

ph.ir   mi-.  ..-p. i    ia,  1  far*ma-ko-prya;  2  fir'ma-eo-p8'- 
l .  I  by  authorit  . 

::iulas  and  methods  of  preparing  medicines, 

.  drug, 
laf,  make.)  — phar"ma-co-pep'lal,  a.—  phar"ina-r<»- 
p<r'M .   .  [pnlco,  sell.] 

phar"riia-rup'o-llNt,  n.     A  druggist.     [<  pharnmc- 
phar'ma-<>,  I  :  Lr'ma-cy,  n.     [-<  n 

far    in  i-r>    ,     '    I .     .  .  undine; 

•.'.   A  drugstore.     [<  Gr. 
I  IK.) 

1.  The  ancient  lighthouse 

bay  of  Alexandria,  I 

iturj  B  C.     8.  [p-1  Hence,  any  ugnt- 

house;be&<  pha-n.l  'o-i;> .         rhi  scientific  theory 

and  treatm. ••  -tits,  lighthouses,  etc.     [+  -LOQ1  ] 

Ptur--all-a.    i    bu  .--sa'li-a.    n.      A    dl 

;  -  l'..  ( I. 
pli  i r  \n\.  lea; 2 far'ynka, n.    [pha-btk'gbb.  1  f a- 

far '> in  .    i  ■    .  p art  of  the  ali- 

and  the  esophagus, 

aerv;:  . 

See  u  throat.] — phar*ru  gu'al, 

pha-r>  ii  icai : .     [ilia  if  ii  "aw  snip*1,  r,     An  apparatus  for 
exan.  phar"yii-gol'o-my,  n.    Tlie op- 

eration of  making  -  to  the  pharynx,  also  that  of 

le  tor.-  •  ml.  cutting.] 

I.  view  that  anything  pre- 

ine  of  varying  man 
•  he  appearai 

..'•illy  l>y  the  moon  and  planets. 
3.  Phytic*    In  an  motion,  the  special  form 

of  a  I  as  an  angle, 

. r  «•«•  phasU,  <  phaii.  phaMr,  a.     pha'sls,  r.. 

Same  as  Pfl 
-pha-la.      \   -  .—.  t  of  OSBd  In 

as,  aphasia.    [<  Gr.  -phaxia,  <  phlrni. 
-pha«)  :. 
Ph.    B.,   abbr.      [I,.]      philosophic  (Bachelor   of 

I'h.    i>  .    abbr.     [L.]     Philosophic   Doctor 

'  Philosophy;. 

phc3-'ant,  i  ;•  /      ■   j  I.  A  long*tailed  galli- 

fez'ant;,      |  rgeous  plum- 

age  of  the  male;  long  semi»domeaticated  and  bred  iu 

game»preacrves.    2.  One  of  various  other  birds,  as  the 


pha»e, 

fa-'     . 


I  ■     i ;  i  ' 

..r    in    Colohla.]      plica* 'aill-ry.    n.      A 

nun..  I'll.  iii.  ilolan 

ph. -n. u   i-lln.  1  '  'in    ..■      \  wtitl 

talliui  ■■  M    modlolne  as  an  antlpj 

ph.  -ii. u    c-dnr;. 

i'h. -hi  i  i-a.  >M  ii  ni  Bemltlo 

M.  of  Pali  "..I  i     "f  Syria;  it  flourished  from 

tiir  ii. iii  to  the  .'.i  .-.'ninrv  B,  0  .   ohlel  oltlfl  .   i-n   and 

SI. I. .11  I'lli-lll    .  l-.lll.  A    •. 

pile 'Hi  \.  i  I . 

le'nU1'     [bird,  fabled  a-,   coming   i  oars  to 

;...h-..  where  il  burned  il  -  Ii  on  the  altar,  and  n>s.. 
.  in. in  1 1 •<  aahea  young  and  beautiful,    '.'.  \ 
.:.•  and  hinli  . - x <-< ■  1 1. ■  1 1 .-. ■ .  a  prodigy.     |<  Qr.L+A* 

phOittiX,   plli'lllx  1 
pin-   nol,  lfl'nol  Or  -iml;  2  I .  'n.'.l  or  -n.'l.  >/     Chm     I.  Any 

one  ..I  a  series  of  hydroxy]  di  i  bensene     ». 

\  white  crystalline  compound,  derived  from  ooal*tai  oil 

and   u^.-d   :ui   a  disinfectant;   carbolic   and.     [<   Gr.* 

Oil    I       |lhr  'nil". 

phe-nom'e-non, )  1    h-nom'i-nen; 

fc-iiiun '<'-iinii  .  |l  wa,  pi.]  1.  Bomething  visible  <>r 
directly  observable,  aa  an  appearanoe,  aotion,  ooour- 
renoe,  etc.    '!.  An  iccurrence;  an  inexplicable 

fart;  a  marvel;  prodigy     S>  \tod  A.  symptom,    |  <  (!r. 

phntrwmi  mm.    unit.    pass.    ppr.    of    phainO,    show.)     plie- 

iiom 'I'-nal,       l.  Pertaining  to  phenomena,    'i.  Bxtraordl- 
-l> ,  odi .  it  Igue,  or  surprise. 

Phe«,  l  tin;  2  ffl,  inirrj.    An  exclamation  ..i  disgu 
li. «;.,  ''•'•     <  Iraduate  In  Pharmacy. 

phl'ali  1  fm'..i. :.'  fi'ai.  i .  A  n     Same  as  vi  u. 

I'hld'l-as.  1  fi.l'1-..s.L'  fld'l-as.  n.     (6007   432  B.  C.)     An   \lli.- 

nian  archltecl  and  Bculptor;  designed  and  directed  sculp- 
ture .if  the  Parthenon. 

phll-.    See  villi...-. 

-phii.  -phlle,  -phll. ni-  Prom  Greek  pMIos,  loving. 

<  pitUeo,  to  love:  used  i..  Indicate  loving  <>r  fond  of;  aa 
i  >ii  ii  ii  >/»/i  (/<-.  anemopMJou*. 

Phil.,  a»r.  Philemon,  Philip,  Philippines.  — Phi!.,  Phlla. 
Philadelphia,  phll.,  phllol.,  abbr.  Phl- 
i.  philology.  —  pliil.,  phllos.,  nhhr.  I'lillosophcr, 
philosophy. 

PhlI"a-dePphl-a,  1  ffl'8-del'fl-B;  2  fll'it-del'fl-a,  n.  I.  A  city 
and  county  of  S.  E.  Pennsylvania;  180  bq.  m.;  pop.  1,760.- 
000;  Declaration  0J  .  July   1.    1 7 7 1 ">      'i.  An  an- 

cient  dty  <>f   I.ydla.   Asia   Minor;  scat   (if  imi-  of  the  Seven 

churches  of  Asia,  Rev.  i,  11;  the  modern  Alashehr.     Phll"- 

a-i I.-!  'pin-  in.  o.  A-  n. 
phl-lan'der,  1   h-lan'dsr;  2  H-lan'der.     I.  rt.     To  play  at 

courtship  with  a  woman;  make  love.     II.  n.     A  lover  or 

suitor.    [<  Gr.  pMlandros,  man*Iovlng.]     phl-lan'der-ert. 

— plil-lan'dcr-liiK,  n. 
phi-Ian 'Ihro-py,  M    fi-lan'thro-pi;   2   fi-lati'thro-py,   n. 
fi-lan'thro-py1',    I  Disposition  or  .-tTort  to  promote  the 

happi  [elevation  of  mankind;  desire  or  effort 

to  mitigate  socia)  evils;  literally,  love  of  man.    ( <  Gr. 

pliil'0.  love.  +  atlOtrOpOt,  man.)    S.vn.:  see  bknkvoli  m  ^ 

?hll"an-throp'lr,     phH"ati-(hrop'l-ial,     a.  —  phll"an- 
hrop'l-cal-ly,  adv.  —  phl-lan'thro-plst,  n.    An  author  or 
pn.mot.-r  of  benevolent  projects, 
phl-lal'e-ly,  1  fi-lat'i-h;  2  0-lafe-ly,  rt.    The  study  and  col- 
lection of  labels  or  stamps;  stamp^collectlng.    [<  V.  phila- 
' \Uo  .  fond,   •  mi  hin.  exemption  from  tax,  <  a- 
prlv.    4-   letos.  end,   tax.)— phll"a-tel'lc,  -l-cal,  a.— phl- 
lat 'e-llsl,  n. 
-phlle,  suffix.    Same  a.s  -I'liit.. 

I'll  liini ..  r.i.iit.    Philemon.  [to  a  Greek  so  named. 

I'hl-le'iiKin,  1  fi-ll'man;  2  fl-lC'mon,  n.   liib.  A  Pauline  epistle 
phil"har-mon'ic,  |  1  fil'har-men'ik;  2  fH"har-m5n'ie,  a. 
iir'har-moii'ie1',     j  Fond   of   harmony   or   music:   often 
I   in  1  h.-  names  of  musical  societies.       [<  PHILO-   -f- 
<;r.  hnrmnnln,  uah.monv.) 

phll'l-beic.  1  fll'i-beg;2  OTI-beg,  n.  [Scot.]  A  mibcg. 
Phirip,  i  ni'ip;  2  fii'ip.  n.    I.Saint.  Bid.  One  of  the  twelve 
i:;     'i.  iiih.  "The  Evangelist";  a  deacon 
and  preacher.    Act    -.in.  .'.     :i.  One  of  nvc  kind's  of  Mace- 
donia; especially,  P.  II.   CM2--iM\  B.  C.);  conqueror  of 
sly  and  Greece;  father  of  Alexander  the  Great.    4. 
i  me  of  several  kings  ol  I  ranee;  especially  (l  >  P.  II.  Augus- 
tui   (1166   1-'-':'";  conducted  a  cru  ade  With  Richard  I.  of 
!    P.  IV..  "The  Pair"  (1268   1314);  suppressed 
the  Kj  (3)  P.  VI.,  of  Valols  (1293-1360); 

defeated   hv   l.dward    III.   of   England.     5.  One  of 

kintts  of  Bpaln;  especially  <D  P.  U.    1627   L698);  oppressed 

Netherlands;    deflated    Turks   at    l.epatito;    sent   Spanish 

1       CI)  P.  V.  (lfiX.'J- 174(1);  founder 

of  the  Bourbon  line  In  Spain.    «.  P.  "The  Hold"  (1342- 

1  104),  Duke  of  I'.urtruiuly;  coni|uer-d  Flanders.  7.  P.  "The 
Good"  (139fi  M'. 7i.  Ouke  of  Hurgundy;  acquired  the  Neth- 
erlands. H.  King,  Mctacomet  (  -1*17(1),  Indian  sachem; 
killed  In  war  with  the  whites  ("King  Philip's  War"). 


-orI:a=,,finaI:    »  =  hablt:    aisle:    au  =  out:    ell:    lu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  eing;    fhin,    this.  phallln 

5852:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.phonography 


Phi-lip'pi,  1  fi-lip'ai:  2  fi-lip'I,  re.  A  ruined  city  in  Macedonia; 
here  Augustus  and  Antony  defeated  Brutus  and  Cassius, 
42  B.  C;  St.  Paul  imprisoned  here.  Acts  xvi,  12.  — Phi- 
lip'pi-an.  a.  &  «.— Phi-lip 'pi-ans,  re.  pi.  The  epistle  of 
St.  Paul  to  the  Christians  at  Philippi. 

Phi-lip 'pic, )  1  fi-lip'ik;  2  fi-llp'ie,  re.    1.  Any  one  of  the 

Fi-lip'picp,  )  speeches  in  which  Demosthenes  denounced 
Philip  of  Macedon.  2.  [p-]  Any  impassioned  speech 
characterized  by  invective.  [<  Gr.  Philippikos,  < 
Philippos,  Philip.) 

Phii'ip-pine  Is 'lands,  1  fll'i-pin  or  -pin:  2  fll'i-pin  or  -pin. 
An  archipelago  S.  of  China;  about  3.141  islands;  120.000 
sq.  m.;  pop.  7,635,000;  capital,  Manila;  ceded  by  Spain  to 
the  United  States,  Dec.  10,  1S98.— Phii'ip-pine,  a. 

Phi-lis'ti-a,  1  fi-lis'ti-a;  2  fi-lis'ti-a,  re.  Bib.  A  strip  of  plain 
on  the  Mediterranean,  S.  W.  Palestine.  Ps.  lx,  S. — Phi- 
lis'tin(cs.  I.  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  the  Philistines,  or  to 
Philistia.  2.  [p-  or  P-J  Sordid,  narrow»minded,  and  material- 
istic. II.  re.  1.  One  of  a  warlike  race  of  ancient  Philistia. 
1  Sam.  xvii,  23.  2.  [p-  or  P  ]  An  ignorant,  narrow-minded, 
or  uncultured  person.— Phi-lis'tin-ism,  re.  Blind  con- 
ventionalism; devotion  to  low-aims. 

Phil'lips,  1  fil'ips;  2  fil'ips,  Wendell  (1S11-1S84).  An  Amer- 
ican orator  and  abolitionist. 

phil'o-, )  1  fil'o-,  fil-;  2  fil'o  ,  fil-.    From  Greek  philos,  loving; 

pliil-,      J  fond  of:  combining  forms. 

Phil"oc-te'tes,  1  ffl'ek-ti'tlz;  2  fil"6o-te'tes,  n.  Class.  Myth. 
A  warrior,  the  heir  to  the  bow  and  unerring  arrows  of  Her- 
cules, without  which  Troy  could  not  be  taken:  hero  of  trag- 
edies by  Sophocles  and  others. 

Phi'lo  Ju-dse'us,  1  fai'lo  ju-dl'us;  2  fi'lo  ju-de'us.  A  Jewish 
Platonist  philosopher  of  the  1st  century. 

phi-lol'o-gy, )  1  fi-lel'o-ji;  2  fi-161'o-gy,  n.   1.  The  study 

fl-lol'o-gyp,  J  of  language  in  connection  with  history 
and  literature;  specifically,  classical  learning.  2.  The 
scientific  investigation  of  the  laws  and  principles  that 
obtain  in  a  language  or  a  group  of  languages;  linguistics. 
3.  The  study  of  language  as  the  word  or  as  speech  in 
order  to  ascertain  its  elements  and  laws.  [  <  Gr.  ph  ih  6, 
love,  +  logos,  word.) — phll"o-iog'ic,  phll"o-log'i-cal,  a. 
— phil"o-log'i-cal-ly,  adv.  —  phi-lol'o-glst,  re.  An  expert 
In  linguistics,    phl-lol'o-ger};  phil'o-loguet. 

phil'o-math,  re.  One  who  loves  learning;  a  scholar.  [< 
philo-  +  Gr.  manthano  (V  math),  learn.)  phil"o-math"- 
e-mat'icf. — phil"o-math'ic  or-i-cal,  a.  Of  or  pertaining 
to  philomaths  or  philomathy. — phi-lom'a-thy,  re.  Love 
of  learning. 

phil'o-mel, )  1   fil'o-mel;  2   fil'o-mel,   n.      [Poet.]     The 

fil'o-melp,  )  nightingale.  [<  Gr.  philomela,  <  phileo, 
love,  +  melos,  song.)    phiP'o-me'la1}- 

Phil"o-me'la2,  1  fil"o-mi'la;  2  fil"o-me'la,  n.  Gr.  Myth.  An 
Athenian  princess,  sister  of  Procnc,  who  was  changed  Into  a 
nightingale. 

phil"o-pe'na, )  1  fil"o-pI'na;  2  fil"o-pe'na,  re.     1.  A  social 

fll"o-pe'nap,  J  game  in  which  each  of  two  persons  rats 
a  twin  kernel  of  a  nut,  and  one  pays  a  forfeit  to  the  other 
on  certain  conditions.  2.  The  gift  made  as  a  forfeit,  or 
the  twin  kernels  shared.  [<  G.  vielliebchen,  lit.  very 
dear,  <  viel,  much,  +  llebchen,  darling,  <  Hebe,  love.) 
nT'll-pcen't. 

phil"o-pro-gen'i-tiv(e-ness8,  1  fil"o-pro-jen'i-tiv-nes;  2 
fil"o-pro-gen'i-tiv-nes,  n.  Phren.  The  love  of  offspring 
or  of  children  in  general,  or  the  faculty  of  which  this  is 
a  manifestation. 

Ehi-Ios'o-phy,  |  1  fi-los'o-fi;2  fi-los'o-fy,  re.  [-PHIEBZ,  pi  | 
-los'o-fyp,  j  1.  Tin'  love  of  wisdom  as  leading  to  the 
search  for  it;  hence,  knowledge  of  general  principli 
elements,  powers,  or  causes  and  iaws — as  explaining 
facts  and  existences.  2.  The  general  laws  thai  furnish 
the  rational  explanation  of  anything.  .1.  The  calm 
judgment  and  equable  temper  resulting  from  study  oi 

causes  and  laws;  practical  wisdom;  fortitude       1-    Fv    I 

soDed  science;  a  scientific  system ;  as  (formerly),  mental, 
moral,  or  natural  philosophy,  now  mental,  moral,  or 
natural  science,  li.  Metaphysics.  <>-  A  philosophical 
system  or  treatise.  7.  The  ciences  as  formerly  Bt  udied 
in  the  universities.  [<  fir.  philosophia,  <  phile6,  love, 
+  sophia,  wisdom.]— phl-los'o-pher,  n.  1.  a  student  of 
or  specialist,  in  philosophy.  2.  .\  man  of  practical  wisdom; 
one  who  schools  himself  to  calmne  and  patience  under  all 
circumstances,  philosopher's  stone,  something  which 
should  have  the  propel tj  ol  transmuting  tni  ba  ei  metals 
Into  gold:  sought  for  i>v  the  alcheml  n  phU"o-soph'lc, 
a.  I.  Pertaining  to  or  founded  on  the  principle  ol 
ophy.  2.  Self-restrained  and  ereni  .  rational;  thoughtful; 
calm.— phU"o-goph'l-caI,  a.  I.  Belonging  Co  or  used  In 
the  study  or  natural  philosophy  or  physics  '-'•  Bame  as 
philosophic— phH"o-Kopli'i-<r;tl-l>,  0d\  phll"o-BOph '- 
I-cal-ness,  n.  phl-los'o-pliisnt,  n  Unsound  or  protend- 
ed philosophy;  sophistry,  phl-los'o-phlit,  n.  One  who 
affects  philosophy:  a  would-be  philosopher,  phl-los"o- 
phls'tlr,  a.    Of  the  nature  of  phUosophlam;  cliaructcrlsilc 


of    a    philosophist.     phi-los"o-puis'ti-cal;.  — phl-los'o- 
phize.   rf.     I-i'HizEix  -phiz'inc.)     To  examine  or  discuss 
philosophic  subjects;  speculate  as  a  philosopher;  theorize. — 
phi-los'o-phlz"er  or  -phis."er,  n. 
Phil.  Soc.,  I*n.  S.,  abbr.    Philological  Society. 
phil'ter,  )  1  fil'tar;  2  ftl'ter,  n.     A  love-potion.     [<  Gr. 
phil'tre,  )  phUhron,  <  philos,  loving.) 
Phi-neus',  1  fi-nius'  or  fin'i-us;  2  fi-iiiis  or  fln'e-us.  n.    Class 

Myth.  A  blind  Thracian  king;  punished  for  blinding  i 
Phin'ti-as,  1  fin'tl-as;  g  fin'ti-as,  n.    Bame  as  PjTHIAS 
phiz,  re.    (CoIIoq.)    Visage;  lace.    [Abbr.  of  phtoiognomt.] 
phle-bot'o-niy,  1  fli-bet'o-mi;  2  fle-bot'o-my,  n.    Sura. 
The  operation  of  bloodletting.     [  <  Gr.  phlep$  , , 
vein,    +   temnO,  cut.)— phlc-bot  'o-mM,  '  .      phle-bot'- 
o-mize,  -mise,  it. 
Phleg'c-thon,  1  fleg'i-thon;  2  fleg'e-thon,  n.   Gr.  Myth.   One 

of  the  live  rivers  of  Hades;  literally,  the  Ilery. 
phlegm,  I  1  H,ii,;  2  flem,  r».     1.  A  viscid,  stringy  mucus 
flegm1',    j  secreted  in  the  air-passages  or  the  Btoma 
Old  Vh,  in    \  watery  product  of  distillation.    S.  Apathy; 
coolness;  indifference.     [<  Gr.  pfdeoma,  inflammation, 
phlegm,  <  phlego,  burn.)  Syn.:  see  apathy.  — phh-g-mat  lr. 
a.      Sluggish;     indifferent.       phlcg-mat  '1-cal:.  —  phleg- 
mat'i-cal-ly  or  phleg-niat'le-ly,  adv 
phlo-gis'ton,  1  flo-Jis'ton  or  -gis'tan:  2  flo-gls'ton  or  -gls'ton. 
n.    The  principle  formerly  (1635-1743)  assumed  to  form  ■ 
necessary  constituent  of  all  combustible  bodies  and  to  be 
given  up  by  them  in  burning.    (<  c;r.  phlofftstos.  Inflamma- 
ble, <  phlox;  see  phi.ox.]— phlo-gls'tlc,  a.    1.  Pertaining 
to  phlogiston.    2.  I'atiioi.  inflammatory 
phlox,)  1  floks; 2  floks,  n.    A  plant  of  a  North»Amerioan 
floxp,    )  genus  of  herbs  with  opposite  leaves  and  clusters 
of  showy  flowers.    [L.,   <  Gr.  phlox,  Qami 
burn]  Iphobos.  fr:ir  1 

-phobe,  suffix.     Having  a  horror  of,  as  Anglo,"',,  '„      [.     <  ,r 
-phobia,  suffix.    Unreasonable  fear  or  dread;  morbid  dislike. 

[<  Gr.  -phohin,  fear,  dread,  <  phebomai,  fear  ] 
pho'ea,  1  fo'ku;  2  KS'ea,  re.    [PHO'cs,  1  fO'al;  2  RPcS,  ;«/.]    A 

seal.    See  seal2,  re.    [L.,  <  Gr.  pliokf.  seal.]     pho'eold, 
Pho-cae'a,  1  fo-sl'a;  2  fo-ce'a,  n.   An  anclenl  <  ireek  seaport,  30 

m.  N.  W.  of  Smyrna,  Asia  Minor 
Pho'cl-on,  1  fO'sni-an:  2  fO'shl-on,  re.     (7403-817  B.  C.)  aii 
Athenian  general  and  patriot;  executed  [ol  Boeotla, 

Pho'cis,  1  fo'sis;2  fO'ClS,  re.    An  ancient  Greek  State  In  thi,  W. 

phee'ne1,  l  fi'bi;  2  f6'be,  r»,  a  pewee  of  the  eastern  i  ■  lu  i 
States.     [Imitative.)     pha»'hc:l>ird":. 

Phos'be',  re.  i.  Bib.  Rom.  xvl,  i.  Piic'het.  2.  Artemis; 
i  nana;  the  moon-goddeaa;  hence,  the  moon 

Phoe'bus,  1  fl'hus;  2  fe"bus,  n.  1.  Apollo:  so  called  as  sun- 
god.    2.  Hence,  poetically,  the  sun. 

Phce-iil'd-a,  etc.    See  1'iiknkia,  etc. 

phw'nlx1,  re.    Same  as  piienix. 

Phoa'nIx>,  re.    A  dly,  capital  of  Arizona;  pop.  11. ion 

phon.,  phone).,  abbr.    Pnoi  IpMni,  sound.] 

phone1, 1  ton;  2  (On,  ".    An  articulate  sound;  a  tone. 

phone2,  «.  [CoIIoq.]  Telephone:  an  abbreviation, 

phu-nct'ic, )  1  fo-net'ik;  2  fo-nfit'ie,  a.     I. 

fo-nct'ic1',  (  articulate  sound.  2.  Directly  repreeenting 
articulate  sound;  as,  phonetu  spelling     !■    Gi 

tos,    <    phOnv,    sound. 1  -     plm-iirl  'l-i-al.  plio-uel'l- 

cal-ly,  iiv.     pho-nel '1-clsl.  n.     One  who  advocates  or 

employs    phonetic   spelling.       pllo"l)c-tl  'clan  :  ;    pho  ne<- 
ls(i.      pbO-net'lCS,    re.      The   science   of   arlleulale   joiind. 

pho'iilesj;  pho-nol'o-gyt- 

phon'lc,  I  l  '  nie,        Pi  r- 

fon'ic1',    i  i.iining  to  or  of  the  oature  ol  sound     | 
phont,  so  [a  oomblnlng  form. 

pho 'no-,  ]  fo'no  ;  o  fo'no-  voloe,  sound; 

phonog.,  abbr.    Phonograph] 

plio'no-grapli,  |  l  ffi'no-grnf;  :.'  ffl'no-graJ      !'•         To 

i'o'iKi-graf'  I  record  oi  transmil  bj  means  ol  the 
phom  D.i      i- 

recording  sounds  and  reproducing  them  when  d 
l,\-  means  of  a  thin  diaphragm,  sol  in  vibration  bj  tho 

\  oice  or  other  sound,  ana 

the  vib  and  ad\  ancjng  i  \  Under, 

upon  whioh  is  cut  a  faint  wavy  lino,    ufl it  i< 

1 1 1 .    i  j  i,  ,,\  ei  the  same  oi 

oi  iginal   ound  i     '.'.  \  phonogi  am     • 

ound  ".  write  1    pi gram,  I 

The  tracing  produced  by  ,i  phonogi  iph,  from  which  articu- 
late   ound    are  reproduced    n  phono  nip'  !- 
graph  ,|ni1 

pho-nog'ra-pby,  I  ]  '• 

lo-iiog'ra-f\    .        i 

:        '.'.     I 

ing  oi 
tul  n 
pho-nofl  t.i-piier. 
i  tiled  In  phonograph  i ■' ••  i     pho- 

iiog'r.i-piiist :.     pno*no-graph 'lc,        I.  Pcrtalni 


phono  ,1  ■  ot.  Or;   full,  rOle;   Lot.  bOrn; 

lor  »)>•«.  nil.  "ii       I         i     ■    .  ...    ...  Or,  w*u,  .">s<; 


I  ■  1 1 .  ■    M-gl  ,ph 

|.li..-n..|  '..- 


pho- 

tti.-lr 


i.. -i <  |.  i.  . 

i'h..  n..-i.|i  i-.  .1        |.ii -tjrp  i-..ii-i\. 

ph..    1 1 .  —  t  >  |.     I-I  .  or     ll->  H 

pl -tj    py. 

l  Ins 

-ph.T.  .   -pln.rh  . 

-plii.ri.ii*.  -■"..  bear 

I  Indicating  producing  >>r  bearing; 

pho*  ph.it.  .  I.  A  sail  of  phoa- 

IM  lii..                                       .'  ■  rtih/.r  valued  for 

phos-phat  ir.          i      iting  t.. 

:.:ng  sonic  phosphate,     phos'- 

pli.ii-..l    . 

piHM  pMi.i.  rw  or  -n.i.  n. 

phee  phi. i>\     \  ;.  «nii  one  or  more 

phoa  phii..  V  salt  of  phosphoro 

rhic'phor,  for.  n     I.  ["he  morning  star, 

f  da]      8.    p 

■   rmisi'iioKi  a.) 
pbo*  pbor-us,  :..r-iis,    n.      A    -.ii 

Im  Iit-u-  .  )h  element  that  readily  absorbs 

•  glow  :it  :i  l..u  1.  iii- 

ntly   when  heated   very 

KENT       [  ■      <  il 

phos  'phor-ate, 

ri.  imblne  or  Impregnate  with 

pho-  'pliiir-cci-'-.     rf.      To    exhibit     phos- 
phos"phor-es'cence,  ion  of 

light  t  he  light  si.  emitted;  specifi- 

cally ■  tune  In  the  .lark  after 

exp>-  .  by  many  mineral  sub 

!  a  faint  light,  sh.i. 
ans 

ph..-'  'ph'.r-.  - '.  .hi.         [.I pborle,         i.  Pertaining 

illy  in  Its  highest  va- 

phos-phor'I-eaJ :.    phos'- 

ph..r-..ii-.  . .-  or  derived  from  phos- 

ilence,  as  pho 

ph..-  'pim-ri-i.  .   •  -flu-ret;  2  f.Vs'fu-r.'-t.  n.  Chem.  Bame  as 

-    HID. 
pirn-  phu-rit".  il.    I         - ': i n-r. -t "•-«  1 ;    2    fos'ffl-r8t"fid,    O. 

phoa'pha-reftedf. 

ph. . i..  phot.. k..  r  otograpblc,  photography. 

plm'tic.  1  :Vuk:  2  f.'/tir,  .i      Relating  to  tight  and  the 
.  iction  of  light.     [<  Gr  .-lit,    <   jikno, 


PfM'tt-as,  :  '  '  8167  B97  or 

.pic  who  refused  to  recognl] 

parat  ion  of  the  '  ireek  and 

Unmated  In  1064. 

pim 'in.  .  '  .  '    ■  Colloq.)  A  photograph. 

[ihu'tM-,  .  m  Greek  pM,  Uphdt), light, 

<   ;■  i  combining  form       pho"lo-clicm'i- 

to  ..r  produced  by  the  chemical  acl  Ion  of 

pbVto-ehre-mog'ra-pby,  Phe  art  .if  repro- 

duc:  :  several 

ph.."l..-rhr.iii  '..-graph,  n       I.  An  instrument  fur 
takir.-  rraphy,  ..r  a  p  i 

photographing  a  mov- 
ing body,  as  a  ■-tar  In  Ban  phii"to-eliri>-iiug  'ra-pliy  , 

■ 
mats  in  mot  ol  tune.     pho"to-e- 

I-  I    brie,  mbined  a.-tlon  of  light 

and  •  electric  Ughl 

ph..'  i..-.  -i. ■>  ' i r ; -•-  .1  .     pho"to-e-lec- 
tri.  i-i) ,  luced  or  affected  by  light.  — 

pho    lo-.n-gr.n    lug.  .'  ; 

a  relief  block  or  plan-  for  printing; 
cure  so  produced. 
plni'i.i-;r  ipli.  !  l  o 

■  ir<-  of  !>y  photography;  pract 

II.  \  pict  ure  taken  by 

BOTO- 

phe  tog*ra-pher,  n     Oni   who  ■■■  ikes  a  business  ol  pho- 

phn"ti>-gr:ipli  'li  .  I.  or  pro- 

i  a  photograph;  vividly  de- 
plio"to-graph'l-cal:. 
ph'i-tog'ra-phy,  1  fo-teg/ra-h;  2  fo-tog'ra-fy,  n.     The 
tanning  and  fixing  ah  image  of  an  object  or 


objects  bj  id.-  ehomieal  at  lion  ol  Light,  uauauj  on  >  Bun 

lining  oertaii  d    rati      onaitivo  to 

i  plate  "i  mi  oi  on 

i  bo  ai  i  .'1  bo  in.  . .  ..i  producing 

printing  photogi  aph  i, 

ph..  lo-vr.i-i  in  i  ol  producing  an  Intaglio 

plate  'or  printing  In  which  there  are  no    oat  p  lm  I  • 

hut  in 1 1 in i <  .!  produolng  t  lie  ahad- 

md  ihohtgh  pan    showing  white,  or  a  picture  produced 

I  •    photo        i  ••■ ,  engraving  I 

ph..  "in-lit  li  'it-graph.  >i      \  ploture  produced  bj  photo 

pho    I..-III  ITo-graph 'lr,    a  plio"to-ll- 

tbog  'r.i-ph> ,  fi    The  art Deration  ol  producing  on  stone, 

largely  by  photographlo  means,  a  printing-surface  ft whloh 

Impressions  maj  betaken  bj  a  llthographlo  process  ph<>"- 
to-m.'-i  h.m  i-r.ii.  a.    Pertaining  to i  iratlon, 

plate,  etc  .  produced  by  an]  one  of  a  varli  1 1  or  method  i,  bj 
which  photography  Is  brought  to  the  aid  of  the  etcher  or  on- 

ph..-i.>iii  'c-iiT,  n    I.  tny  Instrument  for  mi 
lug  tl  ol  light  or  comparing  the  Intensity  of  two 

lights  I,  \  device  for  determining  the  proper  duration  of 
exposure  In  photograph]  photo-met  Tie,  <i  pbo- 
tinii  i-trj ,  ri      phii'to-phoii, .         \n     in  trumeni  using 

m  ..r  light  in  the  transmission  of  sound,  espeolallj  a 
device  for  transmitting  speeoh  by  the  use  of  MkIh  reflected 
from  a  vibrating  diaphragm,  as  of  selenium.  [+  Oi 
voice  pho'to-plaj ",  n.  I.  The  representation  ..f  a  play 
in  motlon*plotures.  '!■  a  play  constructed  for  a  motion* 
ploture  performance  pho'to«prlnt",  n.  a  print  by  a 
photomechanical  process,     pho  (oiproc"eB8(  n.    A  photo- 

■  Hi.  ai  process  pho"to«re-llef'.  l.  <f.  or  or  per- 
taining to  a  cut,  Illustration,  etc,  produced  by  a  photome- 
chanical process,  and  having  the  design  In  relief.  II.  n.  A 
cut  or  picture  so  produced  pho'to-sphere,  n.  The  visi- 
ble siiitiini;  surface  of  tin-  sun.  or.  more  rarely,  ol  a  fixed  star. 

pli<i"to-splicr'lc,  ti.  ---plio"to-s>il'tlie-sls,  fi      In  plant - 

life,  the  process  by  which  carbohydrates  are  manufactured 
from  carbon  dloxld  and  water  through  the  agency  of  the 
chlorophyl  cells  and  light.  pho/*to-te-leg7ra-phy,  n 
EUectrlo  reproduction  of  pictures,  writing,  etc.,  at  a  distance. 
pho' to- 1]  pc  n.  a  relief  plate  made  for  printiiig  by 
photoengraving.  pho"to-ty-pog'ra-phy,  n.  Any  photo 
mechanical  process  of  engraving  In  relief  I  bat  may  be  repro- 
duced In  connection  with  type  on  a  print  trig-press. 

phr.,  tihbr.     Phi 

Iilirasc,  \  1  frrz;  2  fras.     I.  if.     [PHBABBD;  niRAs'iNO.]  To 
ns8ePi   (express  in  words  or  in  peculiar  words;  term; 
Btyle.     II.  fi.     1.  An  rxpression,  consisting  usually  of 
but  a  few  words,  denoting  a  Bingle  idea  or  forming  a 
iteparl  of  a  sentence;  specif.  (.Oram.),  agrourj  of 
two  or  im  in   associated  words,  not  containing  a  subject 
and  predicate:  distinguished  from  clause.   '•!.  A  concise, 
sententious  expression.      3.    Characteristic    mode    of 
expression;  phraseology.    4.  Any  term  or  characteriza- 
tion, in  one  word  or  several.     5.  Mux.  A  fragment  of 
a  melody  having  well«determined  motion  and  repose, 
but  not  complete  sense.    [<  Gr.  phrasis,  speech.] 
Syn.:  clause.    A  clause  Is  a  short  sentence  forming  a  clis- 

tinit   pari  of  a  romposit  ion,  or  In  more  extended  use  a  ills 

tlnct  and  separable  statement  forming  part  ol  a  legal  or  state 
document,  as  of  a  will,  an  Indictment,  etc.;  a  phrase  is  a 
group  of  words  conveying  a  single  idea,  and  forming  a  dis- 
tinct part  of  a  sentence.    In  grammar,  a  clause  is  a  simple 
rice  which  is  combined  with  some  other  sentence  or 
aces,  so  as  to  form  a  complex  or  compound  sentence,  a 
simple  sentence  standing  alone  Is  not,  in  grammatical  u  i . 
called  a  clause,  but  every  ciuu.\t  of  a  complex  or  compound 
sentence  Is  a  simple  sentence.    Thus,  the  clan  h  always  eon- 
a  subject  and  predicate.    A  phrast  does  not  contain  a 
subject  and  predicate,  tholt  may  Include  as  many  words  as  a 
Thus,  in  the  sentence,  "iif  saw  the  danger,  and 
sought  to  escape,"  the  words  "He  sa*A  the  danger"  consti- 
tute a  elan  . .  having  subject  and  predicate;  but  In  the  sen- 
tence, "Seeing  the  danger,  he  sought  to  escape,"  the  words 
"Seeing  the  danger"  do  not  form  a  clause  but  a  phrase,  be- 

lacklng  Bubject  and  predicate.    See  diction;  term, 
phra"se-Ol 'O-gy,  n.    The  choice  and  arrangement  of  words 
and  phrases  In  expressing  ideas;  diction;  style.    Syn.:  see 
Oil  i  ins.-  phra"se-o-log'l-cal,  a.     plira"se-o-log'le!. 

phra'try,  1  frr'tn;  2  frii'try.  n.  [-TRIES,  pl  ]  In  ancient 
Athens,  B  Clan  or  subdivision  of  a  tribe;  hence,  any  similar 
tribal  unit.  I  •'  fir.  phratlia,  <  phrdlcr,  clansman,  brother.] 
plira'tra!;  phra'trl-aj.     phra'trlc,  ff 

pbrcn-,     )1  fren-,  fren'o-;  2  frfin-,  freh'o-.     From  Greek 

pbren'o-,  J  phrln  (phrcn-j,  mind,  diaphragm:  combining 
forms. 

phren.,  phrenol.,  ahbr.    Phrenology. 

phre-nal'gl-a,  n.  Extreme  mental  anxiety.  [<  phren-  4- 
(ir  altos,  pain  I  phrc-net 'lc,  .;.  pertaining  to  or  suffer- 
ing from  plin-nltls. — phre-nl'tls,  n.  1.  Hraln  fever.  2. 
Wild  delirium;  frenzy. 

phre-nol'o-Ky,  1  1  fri-nel'o-ji;  2  fre-nol'o-gy,  n.     A  sys- 

frc-nol  'o-gy'-,    )  tern  which  teaches  that  tho  facultiea  of 


noi  l:t«iffil!?i:  K^1hayt^»als,en:   aurouy-   "Pi   ,"  =  fe!»l:   <*'n:   go;   o  =  sin0;  fhin,  tiiis.  phonologer 

587  2:  wolf,  dft;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,  picador 


the  mind  are  manifested  through  special  organs,  or  in 

separate  portions  of  the  brain,  equal  in  number  to  the 

mental    faculties. — phren"o-Iog'ic,  phrcn"o-log'i- 

cal,  a.— pliren"o-log'i-cal-ly,  adv.—  phre-nol'o-gist,  re. 

phren'siedt,  phren'syt,  etc.    Same  as  frenzied,  etc 

Phris'us,  1  friks'us;  2  friks'us.  n.  Gr.  Myth.  A  Thessalian 

prince,  who  gave  the  golden  fleece  to  the  king  of  Colchis. 

whose  daughter  he  married. 

Phryg'i-a,  1  frij'i-a;  2  fryg'i-a,  n.  Bib.  An  ancient  country  in 

Asia  Minor.     Acts  xvi,  6.  —  Phryg'i-au,  a.  &  re. 
phthis'ic,  1  1  tiz'ik;  2  tls'ie,  n.     1.  Asthma;  difficulty  of 
tis'ic8,        J  breathing.     2.  Disease  of  the  lungs.     [  <  Gr. 
phlhlsikos,     <    phthisis,    consumption.] — phthis'1-cal,    a. 

1.  Relative  to  or  affected  with  disease  of  the  lungs;  consump- 
tive.   2.  Asthmatic,    phthis'ick-y}.. 

phUii'sis,  )  1   thai'sis;  2  thl'sis,  re.     1.  Pulmonary  con- 

ti'sis8,  )  sumption;  tuberculosis  of  the  lungs.  2.  Tu- 
berculosis of  some  other  part.  3.  Progressive  emacia- 
tion. [L.,  <  Gr.  phthisis,  consumption,  <  phthio, 
waste  away.] 

phy-eol  'o-gy,  1  fai-kol'o-ji;  2  fi-e61'o-gy,  n.  The  science  of 
seaweeds.    [<  Gr.  phykos.  seaweed,  +  -logy.] 

phy-lac'ter-y, )  1  fi-lak'tar-i;  2  fy-lac'ter-y,  n.     [-iesz, 

fy-lac'ter-yp,  ]  pi]  A  charm  or  amulet,  especially  one 
worn  by  ancient  Jews,  enclosing  passages  of  Scripture. 
[<  Gr.  phylacterlon,   <  phylassS,  watch.]     phy-lac'terj. 

phyll-,      [l  fil-,  fil'o-;  2  fyl-,  fyl'o-.     From  Greek  phyllon, 

pliyl'lo-,  )  leaf:  combining  forms. — phyl'lo-elad,  re.  Bot.  A 
flattened  branch  or  stem  performing  the  functions  of  a  leaf. 
phyl'lo-cladet.— phyl'lode,  re.  Bot.  A  petiole  that  devel- 
ops into  a  flattened  expansion,  thus  taking  the  place  and 
function  of  the  blade. 

phyl'lis,  1  fil'is;  2  fyl'is,  re.  [Poet.]  A  rural  sweetheart;  shep- 
herdess. [  <  L.  Phyllis,  <  Gr.  Phyllis,  a  country  girl  in 
pastoral  poems.] 

phyl'li-um,l  fil'i-um;  2  fyl'i-um.re.  Aninseet,  with  the  wlng= 
covers,  and  often  the  legs,  leafdike.     [<  Gr.  phyllon,  leaf.] 

pbyl'lo-gen,  re.  Same  as  phyllophore.  [<  phyllo-  + 
gen.] — phyl-log'e-nous,  a.  Bot.  Growing  or  produced 
upon  a  leaf,  as  a  fungus. — phyl'lold,  a.  Bot.  Resembling  a 
leaf;  foliaceous.    [+  -oid.]     phyl-lol 'de-oust. 

pbyl'lome,  n.  The  leaf  or  its  equivalent:  foliage:  one  of  the 
four  members  that  make  up  a  perfect  plant.  [<  Gr.  phyl- 
loma,  foliage,  <  phyllon,  leaf]  phyl-lo'ma}. — phyl-lom'- 
ic,  a.     Of  or  pertaining  to  leaves. 

phyl'lo-phore,  n.  The  budding  summit  of  a  stem,  especially 
a  palm»stem,  on  which  leaves  are  developed.  [<  phyllo- 
+  Gr,  phero,  bear.] — phyl-loph'o-rous,  a.  Bearing  haves 
or  leafdike  appendages. — phyl"lo-tax'ls,  re.  Bot.  A  leaf" 
arrangement;  the  distribution  or  disposition  of  leaves  upon 
the  stem,  and  also  the  laws  governing  the  arrangement. 
[+  Gr.  taxis,  arrangement.]  phyPlo-tax"y$. — phyl"lo- 
tac'tlc,  a. 

phyl"lox-e'ra,  1  fil"eks-i'ra;  2  fyT'oks-e'ra,  n.  1.  A  mi- 
nute aphis  destructive  to  grape=vines.  2.  The  diseased 
condition  produced  by  this  insect.  [<  Gr.  phyllon, 
leaf,  +  zeros,  dry.] 

phy'lo-,  1  fai'lo-;  2  fy'lo-.  From  Greek  phylon,  phyll,  tribe: 
combining  form.  —  phy-log'e-ny,  re.  Biol.  The  history  of 
the  evolution  of  a  species  or  group;  tribal  history,  [  + 
-geny.]  phy"lo-gen'e-slst.— phy"lo-gc-net 'le,  a.  of  or 
pertaining  to  phylogeny.  phy"lo-gr-net'l-ral  +  ;  phy"lo- 
gen'lct.  — phy"lo-log'l-cal,  a.  Relating  to  the  evolution 
of  tribes  or  races.    [  4-  -logy.] 

phy'lum,  1  folium;  2  fy'lOm,  re.  [-la,  pi.]  Biol.  A  great  divi- 
sion of  the  plant  or  animal  kingdom,  below  a  BUbklngdom 
and  above  an  order.    [  <  Gr.  phylon,  phyll,  tribe. | 

phys.,  abbr.  Physician,  physics.  — phys.,  physiol.,  abbr. 
Physiological,  physiology. 

phys'ic, )  1  fiz'ik;  2  fys/ic.    I'.  vt.    1.  To  give  medicine  to; 

fys'ic1',  J  purge.  2-f.  To  cure  or  heal.  !'•  "  I.  Medi- 
cine, or  the  science  of  medicine.  2.  A  cathartic.  |-  i  ,v 
physik,  <  physis,  nature.]  —  phys'i-ral,  a  I.  Relat- 
ing to  the  material  universe  or  to  the  physical    i 

2.  Pertaining  to  the  bodily  life  of  m  real,    8, 
Pertaining  to  the  phenomena  of  matter  or  ol  th 

nal  world;  hence,  obvious  to  the  I      4|. 

Resembling  physic  or  medicine.     !i  | .  Medicinal;  i   ■  >  l 
tive.     6t-  Purgative. 

Syn.:  bodily,  corporal,  corporeal,  material,  natural,  sensi- 
ble, tangible,  visible.    Whatever  Is  composed  ol  oi  pertains 
to  matter  may  be  termed  material;  phy  leal  (G 
ture)  applies  to  material  things  co 

tern  or  organic  whole;  hence,  we  peat  ol  mat  rial  lubstan 
ces,  phy  leal  forces,  physical  laws.  Bodily,  corpori 
corporeal  apply  primarily  to  the  human  body;  bodily  and 
corporal  both  denote  pertaining  or  relating  to  the  body; 
corporeal  signifies  of  the  nature  of  or  like  the  body;  corpo 
ral  is  now  almost  wholly  restricted  to  signify  applied  to  or 
Inflicted  upon  the  body;  wespea  bodily 

presence,  corporal    punishment,  the  corporeal  frame     see 
natural.  —  Ant.:  hyperphyslcal,  Immaterial,  Intangible,  in- 


tellectual, invisible,  mental,  moral,  spiritual,  unreal,  unsun- 
stantial.  —  physical  sciences,  the  sciences  thai  treat  of 
dead  matter,  or  of  energy  apart  from  vitality,  including 
astronomy,  mechanics,  physics,  chemistry,  and  the  physical 
portions  of  geography,  geology,  meteorology,  and  mineralogy 
— phys'i-cal-ly,  adv.-  phy-sl'clan,  it.  Om 
medicine;  a  doctor.— phys '1-clst,  n.  A  student  of  or  spe- 
cialist in  physics.— phys'les,  n.     The  science  that  treats  of 

the  phenomena  associated  With  matter  in  general,  especially 

its  relations  to  energy,  and  of  the  laws  governing  these 
phenomena,  excluding  the  special  laws  and  phenomena 
peculiar  to  living  matter  to  special  kinds  of 

matter  (chemistry).—  phys'ick-y,  o.  Resembling  physic 
pliys"i-og'i!o-my, 1  1  hVi-eg'no-mi; 2  fys'i-og'no-my,  n 
fys"i-og'no-iiiyI",  j  [-mies8,  />/.]  1.  The  'face  or  features 
as  revealing  character  or  disposition.  2.  The  outward 
look  of  a  thing.  3.  The  art  of  reading  character  by  the 
lineaments  of  the  face  or  form  of  the  bodj 
nature,  r  iinomon.  Judge.]  pll>s"l-og-iioin'ic  or  -l-ial. 
Pertaining  to  the  face  or  to  physiognomy,  phrs't-og- 
nom'ics,  n.  Same  as  PHTBIOQNOMY,  :i  pb>  s"l-ng  'n<>- 
Illist,  B.    An  expert  in  physiognomy,    pll>s"l-<ig'iio-iiier;. 

pliys"i-ol'o-gy, )  1  fiz"i-el'o-ji;  2  fyVI-oI'o-gy,  n,     1.  The 
fy.s"i-oro-g.v'-,  ('  branch  of  biology  thai  treats  of  the  vital 
phenomena  manifested  by  animals  or  plants.  2.  A  treat- 
ise on  this  science.    3,  Formerly, biology,    [<Gr.tpAv- 

SiS.  nature;  and  see -oi.ocy]  pll)s"l-o-log 'l-cal,  ,;.  Per- 
taining to  the  functions  of  living  organism-.  pln*"l-o- 
log'Ict.     phys"i-oi'o-glst,  n.     tine  versed  In  physiology. 

phy-Sique',  1  fi-zik';  2  f.\-sik'.  n.    The  physical  structure  or 
organization  of  a  person.     [P.] 

Phys.  Sci.,  abbr.    Physical  science, 

phy'to-,  pbyi-,  1  foi'to-,  foit-;2  iy'to-,  fct-.    From  Greek 
phyton,  a  plant  (  <  phy 5,  produce):  combini 
phy-tog'ra-phy,  n.     Descriptive  botany,    phy 'told.  a. 

Plant'lile       phy-tol'O-gyJ,    n.      Same   as   B0TAN1        |>li\ - 

toph'a-gons,  a.    Feeding  on  plants;  herbivorous.    [      Or. 
pfiagein,  eat.] 
pi1,  )  1  pui;  2  pi.     I.  ri.    To  jumble,  confuse,  or  disorder, 

pie,  )  as  printing-dypes.     II.  n.    Print.    Type  that  has  been 
thrown  into  disorder.     [Prob.    <  pica] 

pi1, 1  pal  or  pi;  2  pi  or  pi,  n.    A.  Greek  letter  I      i  agUshp)used 
to  designate  the  relation  of  the  circumference  of  a  circle  to 

its  diameter,  3.14159 +  . 
P.  I.,  atihr.     Philippine   Islands.   I'honocraphlc  Institute 

Pi"a-cen'za,  1  pl'a-chen'dza;  L'  pI"&-cheh'dB&,  n.    \  fortined 

city  on  the  Po  river.  \.  Italy;  pop.  38,600. 
pl-ac'u-lar,  l  pal-ak'yu-ler; 2  pl-ae'yu-lar,  <;.    1,  Elxplatory; 

having  power  to  atone.     2.   Requiring  expiation;  criminal. 

[<  i...  vinculum,  expiation,  <  pivi  devout  i 

piaf'fer,  l  pyaf'er; 2  py&f'Sr,  n.   i/  i  like  the  trot, 

but  slower.    [<  p.  pinffir,  make  a  show.]    piaffe,  *l      ro 

advance  at  a  pialfer. 

pl'a  ma'ter,  1  pal's  mS'ter;  2  pl'a  mfi'ter.    The  Innermosi  of 

ihe  three  membranes  thai  Invest  the  brain  and  spinal  cord. 

[Tj.,  pin.  fern,  of  plus,  pious:  mati  r,  mother. I 
pl-an'ism,  1  pi-an'lzm  or  pi 

re..      1.  Arrangement   of   music   for   the   pianoforte 

formance  on  the  piano. 
pl"a-nls's|-nio,   1   pl*a-nls'i-mo;  2  pl'a-nls'i-mo,  •; 

Mus    Very  sofi  or  softly:  abbreviated  ;■/'  or  ppp.    [it  ] 
pi-an'isl,  l  pi-an'ist;  2  pi-ftn'ist,  n.    A  performer  on  the 

piam  >'  i 
pi-a'no,  1  pl-fi'no;  2  pt&'no,    I."    Ifut    Boft.    II,  1  m« 

an'o;  2  pi-&n'o,  n.    |-mis,  pi.]    A  pianoforte.    III. 

l/i;.      Sollly.      Ill 

pl-aii"o-r<>r'ie,  [pi 
for'te  or  pi  \  musical  instrument,  a  later 

of  the  harp  and  clavichord,  in  which 

are  struck  by  hammers,  set  in  motion  bj  keys      I 

0f| 

pl"a-no'la.   1    ;  \     mall  portable 

cabinet  like  mochanli  m                          name 

pl-as'tiT,  1  pi  i"    i     "• 

|>i-:i/'/;-,   I   p  'a.  o       1.  In  I  uro| 

in  Italy,  a  plaza     '.*.  \  covi  rod  outoi  walk  I. 

[Tj.  8.1  ;  ■  or  porch     lit  .  markot»i>lne<  I 

pl'brocb,  l  pl'brou  I,  [Scol  I  w  ild, 

ular  marti   I 

pip,-      I  •    ( loel    pxobaireoi  hd,  i 
pI'cS)  L  ]  I'ea,       P 

This  line  is  se1  in  pica. 

i  ■  ,..  tandard  unit  ol  n 

|  •     1  I     pica,  ordinal,        I 

oi  ,11    po    , 
half  lines  to  the  Inch:   I  l-polnt 

Thi    line  i     e1  in    n  all  pi 

pi,.-  ,_,i,,,  -.  rtor1,  n     In  bull-flghi 

hoi  eman  armed  with  a  lanco,  whoac  function  It  Is  to  ittii/it'' 

the   hull        I  "hit    I 


I'l.  .inl\ 

pillion 


It,  poll  ii      'ft'    :   In'.  bftrn; 

i  i       i  iii  i  ..      <>!,  rtr,  \\6n,        ."iSS 


' 


I  .  '  tlutcwlth  I 

-mall  ] 
I   b  irl.  -  I  so! 

'. 

t.  ill     4. 

ii  »  hich  it  y 

."> .   I   . 
\ ,  with  tin'  fingers;  filch. 

I..  Willi    tin-    til 

'■  i  lock,  with 

8.  !i  with  tin    ' 

'<    . 

II.       i.i  mething  with 

atily  or  without  ap 

!.  j.     AS. 

neat,  pick  1    Ssn_'  wc  choose. 

pick.  I. 

■••',.         2.    II:. '1.1    • 

t.  rtain  crops  that  are 

I .  blow  that  drives  a 

">.  thread:    the   Dumber  of 

relative  value  ••' 

e  ALTKRNATTY1        pick'.u",  n.     A 

rs  :i  point  and  the  I 
pl<  k'an 
plrk 'a- 1  ':  2  I'ik'a-tiak",  n<<- 

plck'a-pack:;  plck'back":. 
pirk  i'l  .  I.       ..  ing  spines  or  prick- 

tick. 
pii  ki  •]  .  Oct,  pa.    1.  Carefully  m  It 

.  purpose.     2t.  Fine:  affected.     Syn.:  see  choice. 
Pickens.    1    plk'ci..-  \iidn  »        7, '.1-1817).      An 

.  •  ncral. 
pick',  r.  j  plk'er,  7i.     One  who  or  that  which 

:  machines  having  a 

pirk  Vr-el,  1  pik'ar-el;  2  plk'er-£l,  n.    1.  A  North*Ameri- 

can  :  -  eof  tin-  small- 

'.'.     \    young  pike.       (Dim.    <    pn. 

[..'  k    r 

I'll  I  .r-hii.  Ll  '    tic.  Timothy  U745-1829). 

■  tan  and  Re\  neral. 

pirk.  i.  I  .    (.    1.  To  fence  or  fortify 

'..  t.  .     tie  to  a  pick- 

II.  1.        pointed  si i<k.  har,  I  I 

with  pointed  front,    8. 
guar  .  I  of  a  camp  to  warn  against  the 

Plik'.tt.    .    ;..k'et;  2  pft'et.  George  E.   (1825-1875).     An 

■  rnmanded  the  final 

irg. 

piik'iir_'.  2  pfli'ing,  n.     1.  The  act  of  picking; 

also,  ■  picked,  in  any  sense;  eape- 

ciall;.  e  picked  up  or 

'.'.  I         ring,  or  that  which 

usually  in  thi  -tionable  per- 


plck'l  « 
1.   I 


ik'l:2pfkT.    I.  r(.    [pick'l  b)d*; pick'ltjjo.] 

;. 

r  cleansing.    II.  /<. 
1  .g  liquid,  as  brine  for  meats,  or 

.'.  '  Hi'-  of  certain  ob- 
jects pres*- .-  pickle,  as  a  cucumber  or 
onior  .  in  cleaning  metal  cast- 
ings. I.  plight  or  disorder;  an 
embarrassing   condition   or   position.      [Cp.    D.    pekel, 

pirk'!.  A  grain  of  corn:  a  small  quantl- 

mtttm lively  in  the  sense  or  a  few;  little.    [<  pick,  i  | 
picklock",  n.     1.  A  special  Implement,  as  a  bent  wire,  for 

opening  a  lock;  a  false  key.    2.  A  burglar.    3.  The  finest 

selected  wool. 


|ili  I.    MM  k    .  I  . 

plrk  thank",  1  ptk'trmnk*;  2  plk'thank*.  n.     \  Oat) 

pit     lilt.  I.  ,i  ii  M.  i,i  i- 

IM.    I  1   ii    I  .    .  II.  I.       \li 

provided  with  i'    own  ■ 

I      -  |  \n 

III    h  ,    In    KMiKKNMK.l        pick    II II  I.      .         p|<      - 

llll'k-.    | 

plr-quel  . 

pic  'rtt- .  <  it,  pertaining  to,  or  bavins  an 

i     i.i        picric 
..I  i.i.  pound  obtained  \ arlou 

i>\  the  action  ..t  nitric  acid  on  phenol;  used  In  dyeing  and  as 
en  Ingredient  In  sxplo 

Met,  1  plkl    :.'  pill.  n      \  member  of  s  race  thai  Inhabited 

,ii.|  from    \    l>    20fl  t..  ssi       Met  'ish. 

im-to  ri-al,  l  pile  to'n-sl;  2  plc-to'ri-al.    I.  o,    1.  Per- 
taining to  or  concerned  with  pictun       •;.  i; ■;.■■  tenting 
in  or  as  if  in  pictures;  graphic.    :i.  <  lontaining  or  illus- 
trated by  pictures     II.  i       Kb  illustrated  publii 
i   i '  ,  ■        pi  Inter  I    Syn  :  sea  oh  iphii  u      -lj  . 
picture,  l  pik'enur  or  -tiur;  2  ple'chur  OT  -tfir,     I.     • 
I  en    ii  iii  ii ;  ii  i  'i  i  k-imi  ]    I.  To  give  visibli 
tin n  to,  as  by  a  painting  or  drawing     'J.    !•■  di 
graphically;  depict     S.  To  form  a  mental  image  ol     II. 
u.    1.  A  surface  representation  ol  an  object  oi  si 
by  a  paint  u 

ntal  image.  'I.  A  vivid  or  graphic  verbal  delinea- 
tion. 8.  That  which  resembles  imething,  as 
l.\  a  picture.    |(  >!•'.,  <  I.,  pictura,  <  pingo,  paint  | 

cartoon,   copy,   delineation,   drawing,   engraving, 
bmagi  miniature,    painting,   photograph,    iirint, 

represi  nblance,  similitude,  sketch. 

-  ii  ii. 

—  plc"(ur-cs(|iii'',  a.  1.  Having  the  kind  Of  licaiityln 
which  diversity  is  more  prominent  than  unity,  the  compo- 
nent elements  being  often  bold,  striking,  or  Irregular.  t. 
Abounding  in  striking  or  original  expression  or  Imagery; 
figurative;  graphic.  ;j.  Expressing  the  peculiar  kind  ol 
beauty  that  is  agreeable  In  a  picture;  effective  In 

SjTl.:  see  BI  W  in  i  I.:  GRAPHIC;  SOMAN 

pld'dlc,  i  pld'l;  2  pldl,  ii.   [pm'Di  n  o.]    1.  To  be 

concerned  with  mere  trifles;  dawdle.  ''.  To  pick  food  daint- 
ily or  Indifferently.  [Yar.  ol  peddle;  but  cp.  Sw.  dial,  pittla, 
pick  at  | 

pi(lg'in=Kn'glisl),  1  pij'in'in'glisli;  2  pldg'in-In'gli-li,  n. 
A  barbarized  English  used  in  Chinese  and  other  J  Iriental 
commercial  centers  in  intercourse  between  nati 
foreigners.    [<  business  (corr.  t  o  pidgin  >    |    English.] 

pie1,  1  pai;  2  pi,  n.  I.  A  magpie,  or  a  related  bird  '!■  \ 
tattling  gossip.     [P.,    <  L.  pica,  magpie,    <  pingo  (V 

TiC),    I' 

pie2,  n.  Prepared  food  baked  between  two  layers  or  crusts 
of  pastry  or  with  only  one  layer.     [<  lr.  pighe,  pie.] 

pie3,  n.  Print.  Same  as  pi.— pic. 

ple<t,  ".  1.  A  ser\  ici-ilircciory;  servlce»book.  2.  An  Index; 
a  register.    [<  LL.  pica;  see  pica.] 

pie 'bald",  1  pai'beld*;  2  pi'li.-dd",  a.    Having  spots,  as  of 

white  and  black.     (  <  PIE1   +  BALD.] 

piece,  1  pis;  2  pec,  v.  [pieced';  piec'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
add  or  attach  a  piece  or  pieces  to,  BS  for  enlargement. 
2.  To  combine  or  reunite,  as  something  broken  apart  or 
separated.    II.  <.    To  fit  or  be  joined  together. 

piece,  n.  1.  A  loose  or  separated  part;  a  fragment.  2. 
A  part  or  portion  regarded  as  if  separated  from  the 
whole;  a  division;  section;  plot.  3.  That  which  is  defi- 
niti-  or  complete  in  itself,   tho  belonging  to  a  class  or 

a  definite  quantity  in  one  length,  a*  of  cloth, 
one  "t  the  men  in  a  game,  as  checkers,  or  a  firearm.  4. 
A  specimen  or  instance;  as,  a  piect  ai  folly.  5.  A  pecu- 
liar i"  ■-  OF.,  Ll  '  I  Syn.:  see  part. — 
piece   of  eight,   a   Spanish   doll  piece 'meal".      I.   a. 

ap  of  pieces.  II.  adv.  1.  Piece  by  piece;  gradually. 
2.  In  pieces.— plecc'=work",  n.  Work  done  or  paid  for  by 
the  piece  or  quantity. — piecc'  =  work"er,  n.  [PIE1,  n.) 

Pled,  1  paid;  2  pid,  a.    .Mottled  with  various  colors.    [< 
led'mont,  1  pld'ment;  2  pBd'mont,  ».    A  division  of  N. 
Italy    (11,336   BO.    m.:   pop.   3,070,000);  capital,  Turin.— 
Pled"mont-ese\  a.  &  n. 
pie'  =  planl",  n.    The  garden  rhubarb,  much  used  for  pies. 
pier,  1  plr;  2  per,  v.     1.  A   plain  detached  mass,  as  of 
:.ry,  usually  serving  as  a  support.     2.  An  upright 
projecting  portion  of  a  wall.    3.  A  projecting  wharf.    4. 
d  portion  of  a  wall  between  window*openings,  etc. 
[  s   l  •■  ;     plcr'sglass".  n.    A  large  high  mirror 

a  two  openings  In  a  wall. 
pierce,  1  pirs;  2  peri;,  r(.  &  rt.    [piercei/;  pierc'ino.]    1. 
To  penetrate  or  puncture  with  a  pointed  instrument. 


...       i:  a=,rfin?,;  L,  =  hab,tJ.   aIsle:    an  =  out;    oil;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    T)  =  s\ng;    fhin,  this. 
589       2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this. 


Plcardy 
pillion 


2.  To  cut,  break,  or  force  a  way.  3.  To  make  a  passage. 
4.  To  cut  to  the  quick.    [  <  F.  percer.] 

Syn.:  bore,  drill,  enter,  penetrate,  perforate,  puncture, 
stab,  transfix.— pierced,  pa.  Penetrated;  entered;  per- 
forated.—pierc'ing.  I.  pa.  Penetrating  by  or  as  if  by 
a  sharp=pointed  instrument:  cutting:  keen;  poignant;  shrill, 
as  a  look  or  cry.  II.  n.  Penetration.  Syn.:  see  acute; 
bleak:  sharp. — pierc'ing-Iy,  adv. — pierc'ing-ness,  n. 

Pierce,  Franklin  (1S04-1869).  A  President  of  the  United 
States.    See  president. 

pieret,  n.     Same  as  peer. — pler'lest,  a.     Peerless. 

Pi-e'ri-an,  1  pui-i'n-an;  2  pi-e'ri-an,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
Pleria,  at  the  base  of  Mount  Olympus. — Pierian  Spring, 
a  spring  fabled  to  give  poetic  inspiration. — Pl-er'i-des,  n.  pi. 
Gr.  Myth.  1.  The  Muses.  2.  The  nine  daughters  of  Pierus 
(a  Thessalian  king),  who  were  vanquished  by  the  Muses  in 
a  musical  contest  and  changed  into  birds.  [3,700. 

Pierre,  1  pir;  2  per,  n.    A  city,  capital  of  South  Dakota;  pop. 

piert,  a.    Same  as  peart. 

pi'et,  1  pai'et;  2  pi'et,  n.  [Local,  Brit.]  1.  The  magpie.  2. 
The  \vater=ouzel. 

Pie"ter-ma'ritz-burg,  1  pi"tar-ma'nts-burg;  2  pe"ter-ma'- 
rits-burg,  n.    A  city,  capital  of  Natal;  pop.  30.500. 

pi'e-ty,  1  pai'i-ti;  2  pl'e-ty,  n.  1.  Controlling  reverence 
toward  God;  religious  devoutness.  2.  Religiousness  in 
general.  3  ,.  Filial  honor  and  obedience  as  due  to  par- 
ents, superiors,  or  country.  [<  L.F  pieta(t-)s,  <  pius, 
pious.]    Syn.:  see  religion  — pi'e-tism,  n.    1.  [P-]  Cfi.  Ilixt. 

■  A  religious  awakening  in  the  Lutheran  Church  of  Europe 
during  the  later  decades  of  the  17th  century.  2.  Piety  or 
godliness,  as  distinguished  from  religious  creeds  or  forms. 

3.  Affected  or  exaggerated  piety  tinged  with  mysticism. 
Syn.:  see  hypocrisy;  religion.—  pi 'e-tist,  n.— pi"e-tis'- 
tic,    pl"e-tis'ti-cal,  a.— pi"e-tis'ti-cal-ly,  adv. 

pig,  1  pig;  2  pig.     I.  vt.  &  vi.     [pigged,  pigds;  pig'ging.] 

1.  To  litter  or  bring  forth  in  the  manner  of  pigs.  2. 
To  act  or  live  like  pigs.  II.  n.  1.  A  hog  or  hog=like 
animal,  especially  when  young.  2.  An  oblong  mass  of 
metal  cast  in  a  rough  mold,  usually  in  sand.  3.  Pig 
iron  or  iron  pigs  in  general.  4.  A  mass  of  lead,  generally 
of  a  definite  weight.  5.  A  greedy  person.  [ME.  pigge; 
cp.  D.  bigge,  LG.  bigge.] — pig  iron,  iron  in  oblong  masses 
or  pigs. — pig'gish,  a.  Acting  like  a  pig;  greedy;  grossly 
selfish  and  rude,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. — plg'=head"cd,  a. 
Stupidly  obstinate  or  perverse,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. — 
pig 'nut,  n.  1.  [U.  S.]  The  fruit  of  a  species  of  hickory 
common  in  the  United  States;  also,  the  tree.  2.  [TCng.]  The 
Old  World  earthnut. — pig'pen",  n.  A  pen  where  pigs  are 
kept,  pig'ger-yt;  pig'sty"t.—  pig'skln",  n.  1.  The  skin 
of  a  pig.  2.  Something  made  of  this  skin,  as  a  saddle  or 
football. — pig'sty",  n.  A  sty  or  pen  for  pigs;  a  piggery. 
—pig  'tail",  n.  1.  The  tail  of  a  pig.  %.  [Colloq.]  (1)  \  cue 
or  plait  of  hair.  (2)  One  who  wears  a  cue.  3.  A  twist  of 
tobacco.  —  pig'talled",  a. — plg'weed",  n.  Goosefoot,  a 
weed  of  temperate  regions  with  dense  spiked  panisles  of 
minute  flowers. 

pig 'con,  1  pij'an;  2  pig'on,  n.    1.  A  dove  or  some  similar 
bird.    2.  One  easily  swindled.     [OF.,   <  L.  pipco(n-),  a 
chirping  bird,  <  pipio,  chirp. |  —  homing  pigeon,  see  sou 
ing,  under  home. — pig'con»brcast",  n.  Pathol.  A  deformity 
due  to  rickets,  In  which  the  chest  Is  flattened  from 
side  and  the  breastbone  pressed  forward  and  outward. — 
p.sbreastcd,  a.— p.^English,  n.    Same  as  pidoin«] 
— pig 'eon-hole".    I.  vt.    1.  To  place  In  a  plgeonholi     Bli 
away.    2.  To  lay  aside  and  Ignore.    II.  n.    I.   \  hole  In  a 
plgeonohouse.    2.  A  small  compartment,  as  In 
filing  papers.— p. silvered,  a.    Very  mild  or  wcak-spiriiid; 
meek.— pig'eon-ry,  n.    [-hies*,  pi.]    A  place  where  p 
are  Kept  and  bred.— p.<ioed,  a.     Kavl  turned 

inward;  toeing  in.— pig'eon-wlng",  n.  A  fancy  dance 
step,  or  a  curl  in  skating. 

pifr'gin,  1  pig'in;  2  pTg'in,  n.  1.  A  .small  wooden  vessol 
having  one  stave  projecting  above  the  rim  foi  a  h 

2.  A  long'handled  dipper  or  shallow  ves  eL  3.  Am 
vessel.   [<  Gael,  pigean,  dim.  ol  pigeadh,  earthen  jai  I 

plg'ment,  1  pig'ment  or  -manl ;  2  pigment,  ".  I.  Any 
colorin:' in.it.  m.iI  suitable  for  making  paint,  etc.     '.'. 

Any  substance  that  imparts  color  to  animal  or  vt able 

tissues.  3.  Wine  richly  spice, I  and  sweetened  with 
honey.  1 1  .,  <  L.  pigmentum,  <  pingo  (V  pig),  painl  1 
— plg'mcn-la-ry,  n.     plg"mcn-ta'tlon,  " 

plg'my,  1  plg'mi;  2  plg'my,  n.  [piq'mh  '■.;•' \  Iny  dlmlnu 
tlve  being;  a  dwarf.  |  Qr.t  Pygmato  I  plg'my,  a.  plg- 
nie'anl;  pyg-me'ant. 

pike',  1  paik;  2  pik,  n.     1.  A   L 
point,  used  in  medieval  warfari       '■■   \    p 

point.     (  <  AS    pir,  proh.    <   I.      pit  ''.  point   | 

pike1',  it.     1.  A  slender,  long  Bnout 
water  fish,  grayish,  with  whiti  h  spot       '-'•    omo  other 
fish  resembli  oi         pike,    I  •    piki  ', ».] 

pike3,  n.  A  turnpike  road.  2.  A  toll-bar.  [Abhr.  ol 
TURNPIKE.] 


Pike,  Zebulon  Montgomery  (1779-1S13).  An  American 
general  and  explorer.  [pike;  pointed 

piked,  1  poikt  or  pik'ed;  2  pikt  or  plk'ed.  a.     Having  a 

Pike's  Peak.    A  mountain  in  Colorado;  14.108  ft    high 

pike'staff",  1  paik'staf";  2  pik'staf",  n.  [-stavks",  ;,/.]  A 
piked  staff  carried  by  pilgrims,  mountaineers,  etc. 

pl-laf',  n.    Same  as  PILAU,    pl-lan": ;  pl-lao';. 

pi'lar,  1  pai'lar;  2  pl'lar,  a.  t >f.  pertaining  to,  or  covered  with 
hair.    [  <  L.  pilu.s.  hair.)    pi'la-ryt. 

pi-las'ter,  l  pi-las'ter;  2  pi-las'ter.  n.  Arch.  A  Bquare 
column  forming  part  of  a  wall.  [<  LL.*+l1  piUutrum, 
dim.  of  L.  plla.  pillar.) 

PI 'late,  1  poi'lit;  2  pi'lat,  Pontius.  A  Roman  official:  pro- 
curator of  Judea.  A.  D.  20;  delivered  Jesus  to  be  crucified. 

pi-lau',  1  pi-16';  2  pi-15'.  n.    An  Oriental  mixed  dish  ol 

rice,  raisins,  spice,  and  some  kind  of  meat  or  fowl.    [  <  Turk. 

pilaw,  <  Per.  pilaw.]    pe-lalT't;  pi-law 'J. 
pil'chard,  l  pll'cnerd;  2  pu'ehard,  n.    I.  a  herring»llke  Osh, 

the  sardine.    2.  Some  similar  Ilsh.    [  <  lr.  ptlsetr,  pilchard  ] 

pil'cher'J  [Prov.  or  Obs.). 
pilch'er'-t,  n.    A  covering  of  leather:  scabbard. 
Pil"co-ma'yo,  1  pH'ko-mfi'yo;  2  pirco-ma'yo,  n.    A  river  In 

Bolivia;  1.000  m.  to  the  Paraguay  river. 

pile1,  1  pail;  2  pil,  vt.  [piled;  pil'ing]  1.  To  gather  or 
throw  into  a  heap  or  pile;  bring  together  iii  quantity: 
often  with  up.     2.  To  amass.     Syn.:    Bee  im^s:  hi  w. 

pile'-',  vt.    To  drive  piles  into,  as  for  a  foundation. 

pile3,  vt.    To  furnish  with  a  pile  or  nap,  as  a  fabric 

pile1,  n.    1.  A  quantity  of  anything  gathered  or  thrown 

together  in  one  place;  a  heap.  2.  /•.'/.,  1  )  A  galvanic 
pile.  (2)  Any  electric  battery.  3.  A  funeral  pyre  4. 
Any  great  structure.  5.  [Slang,  I'.  S  ]  A  great  quan- 
tity; as  of  money;  a  fortune.     [F.,   <  1.   pita,  pn  r  J 

pile2,  n.    1.  A  heavy  timber  forced  into  the  earth  to  form 
a  foundation;  a  spile.    2.  An  arrowhead.    3.  Formerly, 
a  pointed  stake.    [<  AS.  pil,  sharp  stake,  <  I. 
Javelin.] — pll 'Ing,  n.    Piles  oollectively  or  the  art  or  pi 
of  driving  them:  a  structure  made  of  piles, 

pile3,  n.    1.  A  massive  building  or  group  of  buildil 
A  pyramid.    [F.,  pier] 

pile1,  n.  1.  Hair  collectively;  fur.  2.  The  manner  in  which 
hair  is  laid  or  set.  3.  A  fiber,  as  of  ootton,  I.  \haii- 
like  surface  on  a  fabric,  as  velvet,  5.  In  oarpet*manu- 
faoture,  a  loop  or  loops.    [  <  I..  piZtM,  hair] 

pi'le-af'ed,  1  pai'h-et"ed  or  pll'i-et  cd.  2  i>i'l.  -:it  "<-<l  or  pll'e 
at"6d,  a.     Capped;  crested.     [<    L.  pUtatUt,   cappi 
pileus,  cap.] 

piles,  1  poilz;  2  pflg,  n.  pi.  Pathol.  Sameas  hi  uoBBHOina 
the  popular  term.    [  <  I,,  ptia,  ball.] 

pi'le-US,  1  pal'h-us  or  pil'i-iis;  2  pl'le-Ufl  or  pll'e-iis.  ii 
Dot.  The  cap  or  expanded  portion  of  a  iniislno.nn.    ;  1 

pil'fer,  1  pirfer;  2  plfl'fer,  vt.  »t  ri.     To  lake  bj 
theft;  practise  petty  stealing,     |<  OF.  pelfrer,  rob,   ■ 
velfre,  plunder.)    Syn.:  see  STEAL.-  pll'fer-er,  ;,.     pil'fer- 
Ing,  n.    Pi'ii  \  i blevlng. 

pil'griiii,  1  pil'gnm;  2  i>n'grim,  n.    1.  ( Ine  who  joui 
especially  on  fool ,  to  some  saored  pli 
motives;  henoe,  any  wanderer  or  wayfa 
.1 ,»   hi  One  of  the  English  colonists  who  in  1620 
ilr  .1  in   Plj  mouth,   m 
[<  L.  per,  through,    i    ager,  Held.]    pU'grlm-age,  n      \ 

rnej .  e  ipeclally  on,-  made  to  a  shi  di 

place  also  figurative,   Syn 

pill',  i  pn,  ■■  pu,         I.  i  o  roi  m  Into  I  •  » itti 

pills.    ;t.  [Slang  I  ro  reject  Irom  membi  hall. 

pill  t,    '    &vi       ["0  pillage      plllct.     pirierf,  u.     A  robber 

pcl'ourt;  pir'leiir't:  pll'ourt. 
pill, )  1  pil;  2  pil.  n     I.  \  medicinal  sub  tai  •  ■  pui  up  in  a 
pll1',  i  pellel 

a  ill    tgri  i  ibh   i ■      •"•■  ''"  "it 

to  bear  with     I       I     p  lula,  dim   of  ]         '       i     pill 

h,i\,  „      I.  A    in  iii  round  box  forp 
j|  roui  'i  ooi  • 

pillage,  I  pil  ' 

LAO-l 

mi  q  largo  icalc      8s "  ;    oc     rBAi 

II.  n     I.  I  lie  aol  ol  pillaging;  open  rnblx  i 

•„'.    Spoil,    i I 

,i  'i     pll'lag>ei . 
pll'lar,  l  pil  .     I.  \  in' 

'.'.     omel  ■  :i""" 

3.  I 
iporta  a  worl 
pinar-liig,   i 

PI I  "■  "  ult 

. 

pll'lioii.   I  pi 

iddli  .  on  « 


1  •  1 1 1 .  •  r  > 


,.il  I. 


-lip  p       !.»<<. 


»  i         i  iioi,  flr;  full,  rflla;  hot,  bftrnj 

•       ■  'i         '    ..      «i     fl         ii       i  i  ,  won, 


r,w 


pil   l..-rl/.  II 

« 

■  i    Willi 

■> 

: 
i  j..ur- 

«   I 
I        p. 


■      ■•  >i  !  Same 

i>ii  H-wlnka 

•  ml  Willi 

pi  l<  -"ii-      p|  l. .ii-    .     pMos'M)  . 
pi  l"i .  I  . 

■  guide 
II.         I.  O 

•  i  control  the 

•  li-tin- 

'• 
:-  ting  the  error  of  a 

- 

I"  i  of  piloting  a 

pi  lot  ore  ni ". 
p.  i'i-i  ull         p.  .  loth, 

P    H»h,  n  oceanic  tlsh.  often 

wnlnm.i-  ,:,ny  with  shar)         p. >house, 

lally  In  the  forward  part  of  :i 
•nl  compass. 
™  ""  "■  ty.W.  Bohemia:  pop 

1  '■  i-  all  genus 

.' 
•"-"p  i..  pio- 

pl-men'to,  n.    The  dried  unrip 
■ 
pi " mi-,  u  i...  i  prmf-en'to:2  pfrnMn'to,  n. 

is  a  relish,  for  stuffing  olives. 
I,|,"||.  I  .  r(.    To  act  as  a  proenr.  • 

11  ppottu- 

a  pander.     [Cp   1 
■  i-.| 
i'lm  '"  r-"'  '•  ;  2  plm'per-nel, ».    A  plant  of  the 

•*e  family,  with  usually  red  flowi  common 

-.  artel  pimp,  no  i.  | 

"1.  <  bi-  (see  ni-)  +  penna,  wing. 
l'""l'  '"it.  .  >„a.   [Colloq.]   Small  or  puny 

sickly.] 
Ptaa'pl(e  ..  pl;2plm'pl,n.    1.  A  minute  swelling  or 

Aith  an  inflan     . 

blister.]— 
H">  pi>.  i      ' :  ipii        plm'pKe  d 

I""-  I.  ft.    [i-ixnkd;  pin'nin<;.]    l.To 

'.'•  .     .  ierce  and  fast  a  with  a  pin; 
ami  hold  firmly  in  any  manner. 
II.  I. 

th  a  point  and  a  head,    . 
; 

on  a  pin  or  having  a 

;- 

•  ■  of  turned  wood  -  t   u j >  to  be 

»o»'ied  <i  is  bowling  ga  S.  The  merest 

A*  pinna,  pennu,  feather.] —  pln'tllsh"- 

'""•  '.ich  pins  arc  stuck  P 

Ib'er,  n      \  -  idlmentary  feather.     pln> 
"  '""  r'  !-  pin '.hi  ad",n.    The  hi 

pln'>head"ed,  a     pin  - 
'',    *'  •  i  pin.— 

I'1"  """"  •  •    •  allowed  for  person 

pin 'wheel",  rc 
■ 

or  nr'      •  (ace  in  place  ol  cogs 

pin    ■  ■r.n",  n.     a  small  parasitic  worm. 

pl    in.  I 

Irlnk  prepared  from     the 
i       pi'na:.     pi'fia> 

It  Is  soft  and  trans- 

pl-nav..,,  0     of  or  pertaining 

/■in/ia.r,  or  to  pine-trees  In  general.    [  < 

-     ~""  -ra,  1  pln*a-ko-Oirka;2  pln'a-co-ih.-Va,  n.  [LJ 
|  AniUi.     a  picture-gallery,    pln'a-co-tbck:. 

p.n  a-fore",  1  pinVfor";  2  pln'a-fOr",  n.     A  sleeveless 


rlotii". 


a  protecting  the  front  ol  ■  ohild'i  dreai     |  ■    pin 
i     m  ifruii     [Malaj  I 

I'l-i'  uiki    .  The  betel-nui  palm. I 

pint  ■     ■■•  /  .  ■  .  .  .  i,.  i.i 

r  »pritii;:  literally,  noae>plnoher     |i  I 
pin  i  it-.  ;  Spln'cci  d  ,       I.  \  jointod 

mi. m  with  two  hiindloH  and  n  pail  ol  gi  isping  jaw  i 
for  holding  pinch  '» r- :.    .\  .    ol  Home  nip- 

per-like orgai  01  do  finch.] 

pinch'.  1  pinch;  2  pinch,  i      l.l     I.  [*o   queen  between 

'»"  liai.l  ihIi r   bixlii  i,  ..I   between  a  Bngei   and 

iliiinili     "'.  To  bind  and  press  upon  isepain, 

■  i.    i  o  reduce  bj  inj   kind;  oonl  rael .  make 

■harp  or  thin,  as  the  face     I.  rotroal  itintingly;  cramp 
or  limn,  :i.  in  mean •  "i  ezp<  □  e«     .">.    I  . 
with  a  orowbar  or  a  pinoh.    I.  [Slang,  1     8.]  (1)  roar- 

I.  as  a  wateh     II.  i     I.  T in  | 

thing  betwi  :.  robeporai ious, 

OF.  i  r     pinch  'er  n. 

plncb,        i.  rhe  act  of  pinching     2.  Painful  pressure  of 
any  kind.     3.    \  case  ol  emergency.    A.  So  much  of  • 
loose  substance  as  can  l»-  taken  between  the  finger  ami 
thumb,     .>.  A  pinch'bar.     pinch '  =  l»ar",  n.     A  onw 
bar  w  Itb  a  short  pi.  ;  i  heel  or  rulcrum  al  the  end: 

forward  oeavj  objects     p.-iu,  n,    \  device 
tor  fastening  an  arm  on  s  shaft  by  means  ol  a  boll  i 

through  In  ol  1 1"'  arm. 

pinchbeck,  l  pineVbek;  2  plnch'bfik,  n.  I.  o.  Mad.. 
of  pii  trious.    II.  n,    1.  An  alloy  of  copper, 

zinr,  and  tin,  foniiini;  a  I'ln  ap  imitation  ol  gold  'i.  Any- 
thing spurious  or  pretentious.    |  <  Pinchbi  ck,  inventor.] 

riiiik'ne),  i  pink 'iii.::  plnk'ny,  Charles Cotesworth  1 1746 
1825       \n  American  soldier  and  patriot. 

Pln'dar,  1  pln'der;  L'  pln'dar.  n.  The  chief  lyric  poet  or 
Greece  ...'_•  lit  n  c  i.  Pln-dar'lc.  I.  a.  or  or  per- 
taining to  Pindar,  II.  n,  A  Plndario  ode;  any  («i<-  in  eon- 
stantly  cham-'ini;  meter. 

plnd'liiiK,  l  plndluj;  2  plndllng,  a.  1.  [Colloq..  New  Bug.] 
(1)  CTnthrlfty.  C2)  I  •«  bdllng;  delicate;  pinched.  2.  {Prov. 
Peen  Ish;  fretful. 

pine,  1  pain; :.'  pin,  vt.  &  ri.  [fined;  pin'inc,.]  To  spend 
or  consume  in  languishing;  waste  away  with  longing  of 
grief:  usually  with/or.    |  <  AS.  pinion,  torment.] 

pints  n.  1.  A  oone*bearuuj  troi',  having  needk^shaped 
evergreen  leaves,  growing  in  clusters.  2.  The  wood  of 
any  pine-tree.  8.  A  pineapple.  (<  AS.  /»».]— pine'- 
ap"ple,  n.  The  cone-shaped  edible  fruit  of  a  tropical  plant. 
or  the  plant  Itself. — p. scone,  n.  The  cone-shaped  fruit  of 
a  pine.  — p.meedle,  n.    The  needle-shaped  leaf  of  the  pine. 

pln'i-al,  1  pln'i-Dl  or  pal'ni-al;  2  pln'e-al  at  pi'm-al,  a.  1. 
Shaped  like  a  pliu-cone;  as.  the  i>iiu<il  body  or  gland  of  the 
brain,  'i.  i  if  or  pertaining  to  the  pineal  body.  [  <  L.  pinca, 
pine-cone,  tern,  ol  pint  us,  of  pine.  <  vtniu;  see  iunk.  n.\ 

PI-ner'o,i  pi-ner'o;2pl-ner'o,Slr  Arthur Wlnic  (1855-  ). 
A  British  dramatist;  Tin  Second  Mrs.  Tanquerav. 

pln'fold",  1  pin'fold";  2  pln'fold".  It.  *.  To  shut  up  In  a 
fold;  Impound.  II|[.  n.  An  enclosure  for  animals;  espe- 
clally,  a  cat  He-pound.  [cuts  the  air.    [Imitative.] 

ping,  1  pin;  2  pirn:,  n.    The  sound  made  by  a  rifle-bullet  as  It 

pin'iculd,  1  pln'gwid;  2  pln'gwld,  a.  Containing  or  resem- 
bling  oil  or  fat;  unctuous.    [<  L.  pinguis,  fat.] 

pin 'ion,  1  pin'ysn;  L'  pln'yon,  vt.  1.  To  confine  by  bind- 
ing or  cutting  the  wings,  as  a  bird.  2.  To  bind  or  hold 
fast  the  arms  of,  so  as  to  render  helpless;  shackle. 

pin'ion1,  /(.    1.  The  wing  of  a  bird.    '£.  A  feather;  wing« 

quill.  3.  The  outer  Hccment  of  a  bird's  wing,  bearing 
the  flight. feat  hers.    4.  A  shackle  or  band  as  for  the  arms. 

pin'ion2,  n.  A  toothed  win-el  (or  sometimea  in  watches 
a  ribbed  wire)  driving  <>r  driven  by  a  larger  cog-wheel. 
[  <  F.  piynon,  <  OF.  pignon,  plume;  see  pinion',  n.\ 

pink',  1  pirjk;  2  pink,  ?t.  1.  To  stab  or  pierce  with  a 
pointed  weapon;  puncture.  2.  To  decorate  with  holes, 
as  leather  or  dot  h. 

pink,  a.    Having  the  color  called  pink;  pale  rose. 

pink,  n.  1.  A  flower  of  any  one  ..I  -.veral  garden  plants 
with  narrow  erassdike  leaves  and  fragranl  flowers,  or 
the  plant  it-elf.  2.  A  pale  rose-color.  3.  A  type  of  ex- 
cellenee  or  perfect  ion;  as,  the  pink  of  politeness. 

IMn'ker-ton,  1  pln'k;ir-t;.n;  2  pln'ker-ton,  Allan  (1819-1884). 
a  Bcol '  Ii  It-American  deb  c 

plnk'eye",  1  plnk'al';  2  plnk'y",  n.  1.  A  febrile  contagious 
Influenza  among  horses,  with  Inflammation  of  the  mucous 
membrane  lining  the  eyelids.  ''..  Med.  a  contagious  oph- 
thalmia In  man.  marked  by  redness  of  the  eye. 

plnk'lng,  1  plnk'in:  2  plnk'lnt;,  n.  I.  The  act  or  process  of 
pinking  fabrics.     2.  The  act  of  stabbing,  as  with  a  rapier. 

pink 'ish,  1  piqk'idh:  2  plQk'lsh,  a.    Somewhat  pink. 

plnk'tstern",  1  plrjk'-stitrn*;  2  plQk'-HtSrn",  n.  A  boat  hav- 
oarrow  or  pointed  stern,    plnk'yj.  [eyes. 

pink')  i,  1  pink'i;  2  plnk'y,  a.     Small  and  blinking:  said  of 

pink')',  a.    Pinkish;  pink. 


col        »!1Im*£!  il^iha,L,t-i.0,?le,i    ■■-«•*!    "Si    '*rfa,di    *hin:    So;    rj  =  sinff;   thin,  this.       pillory 
591         2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   bum;   oil.  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    thil        lMsano 


pin'na,  1  pin's;  2  pin'a,  n.  [pin'n.e,  1  -I;  2  -e.  pi.]  1.  Bot. 
A  single  leaflet  of  a  pinnate  loaf.  2.  The  auricle  of  the  ear. 
3.  Zool.     A  wing,  fin,  or  the  like.     [L.,  feather.] 

pin'nace,  1  pin'is;  2  pin'ac,  n.  1.  A  six=  to  eight-oared 
boat,  carried  by  a  man=of=war;  also,  a  steam-launch 
used  as  a  tender.    2.  A  small  single-masted  vessel. 

pin'na-cl(ep,  1  pin'a-kl;  2  pin'a-el,  n.  1.  Arch.  A  small 
turret  or  tall  ornament,  as  on  a  parapet.  2.  A  topmost 
point;  summit.  [OF.,  <  LL.  pinnaeulum,  dim.  of  L. 
pinna,  feather.]     Syn.:  see  summit. 

pin 'nil to,  1  pin'et;  2  pln'at,  a.  1.  Having  the  shape  or 
arrangement  of  a  feather:  said  of  leaves.  2.  Having 
wing-like  parts  or  appendages.  [  <  L.  pinnatus,  < 
pinna,  feather.]    pin  'nat-ed   . — pin'nate-ly,  a. 

pin-nat'i-,  1  pi-nat'i-;  2  pi-nat'i-.  From  Latin  pinnatus; 
(see  pinnate):  a  combining  form. — pin-nat  'I-fid,  a.  Bot. 
Cleft  in  a  pinnate  manner,  with  the  incisions  half-way  down 
or  more  and  the  lobes  or  sinuses  narrow.  [  +  L.  flndo,  split.] 
— pin-nat'l-ped,  a.  Having  lobed  membranes  to  the  toes. 
[+  L.  pes,  foot.] 

pin'ner,  1  pin'ar;  2  pln'er,  n.  1.  One  who  fastens  with 
pins.  2.  A  pinafore.  3.  A  head-dress  with  long  flaps  at 
each  side,  worn  by  women  in  the  18th  century;  also,  a 
cloth  band  for  a  dress.    4f.  A  pin-maker. 

pin'ni-,  1  pin'i-;  2  pln'i-.  From  Latin  pinna,  feather:  a 
combining  form. — pin'ni-grade,  a.  Moving  by  means  of 
flippers,  as  a  seal.    f+  L.  gradlor,  walk.] 

pln'ny-wln"kle,  1  pin'i-win'kl;  2  pin'y-win'kl,  n.  [Scot.]  A 
board  having  holes  in  which  the  fingers  were  placed  and  then 
squeezed.  [Cor.  of  periwinkle.]  pin'nie-win"klet;  pin'- 
ny-winks"t. 

pi'noc-Ie,  1  pl'nek-l  or  pin'o-kl;  2  pl'noc-l  or  pln'o-cl,  n. 
A  card-game  resembling  bezique.  [Perhaps  of  G.  orig.] 
pln'o-chlet. 

pi-no  'le,  1  pi-no'h  or  pi-nol';  2  pl-no'Ie  or  pi-nol',  n.  [South- 
western U.  S.]  A  meal  made  of  maize,  mesquite-beans,  and 
other  grains;  also,  a  gruel  prepared  from  it.  [Sp„  <  Mex. 
pinolli.]    pi-no'la;. 

pi-fion',  1  pi-nyon'  or  pin'yan;  2  pi-nyon'  or  pln'yon,  n. 
[Southwestern  U.  S.]  The  edible  seed  of  any  one  of  various 
pines  of  the  Pacific  coast  of  the  United  States;  also,  the  tree. 
[S.,  <  L.  penna,  plume.] 

pint,  1  paint;  2  pint,  n.  A  dry  and  liquid  measure  of  four 
gills.    See  measure.    [  <  F.  pinte,  <  Sp.  pinta,  mark.] 

pin 'tail",  1  pln'tel";  2  pln'tal*.  n.  t.  A  duck  of  the  northern 
hemisphere,  the  male  of  which  has  a  long  sharp  tall.  2.  A 
sharp-tailed  grouse  of  northern  North  America. 

pin'tl(ep,  1  pin'tl;  2  pin'tl,  n.  A  pin  upon  which  anything 
pivots,  as  one  of  the  metal  braces  or  hooks  upon  which  a 
rudder  swings,  or  the  pin  of  a  hinge  or  of  a  gun-lock.  [Dim. 
of  pin,  n.    Partly  <  AS.  pintel.]  [pied,  as  an  animal. 

pin'to,  1  pin'to;  2  pin'to,  a.    [Sp.]    [Western  U.  S.]    Piebald; 

plnx.,  pnxt.,  pxt.,  abbr.  [L.]  I'inill  (he  painted  [it]):  placed 
at  the  bottom  of  a  painting,  with  the  artist's  name  or  ini- 
tials, [pines,     pi'ncyj. 

pi'ny,  1  pai'm;  2  pi'ny,  a.     Pertaining  to  or  clothed  wil  h 

Pin-zon',  1  pin-fhon';  2  pin-thon',  n.     1.  Martin  Alon/.o 
(1441-1493),  a  Spanish  navigator;  commanded  the 
of  Columbus's  fleet.     2.  Vlncenoio  Yancz  (1400-1524),  a 
Spanish  navigator;  discovered  Brazil. 

pi'ont,  vt.    To  dig,  trench,  or  excavate,    py  'out. 

pi"o-neer',  1  pai"o-nir';  2  pi"o-ner'.  I.  vt.  cfc  vi.  To  pre- 
pare the  way  for;  take  the  lead  in;  be  a  pioneer.  II.  n, 
One  who  goes  before  to  remove  obstacles  and  prepare 
the  way  for  others;  one  of  the  first  explorers  of  a  coun- 
try; one  who  prepares  the  way,  as  in  a  military  move- 
ment. [<  F.  pionnier,  <  pion,  foot«80ldier.l  Syn.:  see 
herald.  [pl'nyt. 

pl'o-ny,  1  pal'o-ni;  2  pl'o-ny,  n.     [Dial. I     Same  as 

plou"=plou',  1  pitr-plO.':  2  pfl'-pO',  n.  [F.]  A  French  soldier 
of  the  line:  popular  name. 

pi'ous,  1  pai'os;  2  pl'fis,  a.  1.  Actuated  by  re\  erence  for 
a  Supreme  Being;  religious:  godly.  2.  Marked  by  a  rev- 
erential spirit.  8.  Practised  in  the  name  of  religion,  4  . 
Exhibiting  filial  respect  and  affection;  filial.  [<  L. 
pius,  devout.]    Syn.:  see  oood;  moual.     pl'OUS-ly,  ad\ 

pip,  1  pip;  2  pip,  v.    [pipped,  pipt8;  pip'pino.]    I.  t.    To 

break  tlirongh  (the  shell),  as  a  chick  in  the  egg.     II.  i. 

To  peep  like  a  chick  or  young  bird     [Vai   ol  ,-<  bp'.s.] 
pip1,  n.    A  disease  of  fowls  in  which    i  fal  i    mi  tnbraae 
forms  around  the  tongue.    [<  LL  pipita,       L  pituita, 

phlegm,  <  sprilun,  pp.  of  spun,  -.pit  out  I 

pip2,  n.  1.  The  seed  of  an  apple,  orange,  etc  '.'.  \  pot, 
as  on  a  playing»card,  domino,  or  die.  [<  OF,  pepin, 
seed,  <  L.  pepo,  <  Or.  pepOn,  melon.] 

pipe,  1  puip;2  pip,  v.    (piped'; pip'moj    I. '     l.Toplay, 
as  on  a  pipe,  to  utter  in  a  high  key,    2.  To  call  by  mean  i 
of  a  boatswain's  whistle.    3.  To  provide  with  oi  convey 
in  pipes.    4.  To  make  into  piping,  as  in  dressm 
II.?'.  I.  To  play  on  a  pipe;  whistle,    8.  To  make  a  thrill 

sound.     .3.  TO  harden  in  hollow    01    ptp'-lile     foi 


ingots   in   casting.     4.  [Recent.]  To    wound:    soldiers- 
slang. — pip'er,  n.    One  who  plays  upon  a  pipe  esoe- 
cially  the  bagpipe. 
P'Pe?,  "      *"  A"  apparatus,  usually  a  small  bowl  with  B 
hollow  stem,  for  smoking  tob  e  other  nar- 

cotic. 2.  A  long  conducting  passage  for  conveying  a 
fluid.  3.  A  tube,  or  any  hollow  or  tubular  tKing'  4.  \ 
tubular  wind«instrument,  such  as  the  flageolet;  in  the 
plural,  the  bagpipe.  5.  A  shrill  note  or  call  6.  A  large 
cask  for  wine;  also,  a  liquid  measure  of  half  B  tun.  [  < 
AS.  pipe.  <  LL.  pipn,  <  L.  pipto,  pipe,  chirp.)  plpe'i 
clay",  n.  a  white  clay  used  for  pottery,  especially  pipes 
and  for  whitening  military  acoouterments     pl-petU  . 

1.  A  small  tube,  often  graduated,  for  removing  small  por- 
tlons  of  a  fluid.  2.  Ceram.  A  funnel. like  can.  used  In  apply- 
ing liquid  decoration.— pip 'Ing.  I.  pa.  1.  Playing  on  the 
pipe.  2.  Singing  or  fizzling,  as  If  hot.  S.  Having  a  shrill 
sound.  4.  Characterized  by  peaceful  rather  than  martial 
music.  II.  n.  1.  The  act  of  one  who  pipes.  •>.  The  music 
of  pipes;  hence,  a  wailing  or  whistling  sound  .1.  \  Bystem 
of  pipes  as  for  drainage.  4.  A  covered  cord  for  trimming 
dresses.  5.  A  mode  of  propagating  plants  by  slips  under 
glass. — pip'y,  o.  1.  Containing  pipes;  pipe-like    ■>.  piping 

pip'it,  1  pip'it;  :_>  pip'it,  »».    A  lark-like  bird.    [Imitative.] 

pip'kin,  1  pip 'km;  2  plp'kin,  n,  1.  A  small  earthenware 
jar.    2.  A  piggiu.    [Dim.  of  pipb,  n.l 

pip'pin,  1  pip 'm;  2  pip'iu,  ft.  An  apple  of  many  varieties. 
[<  OF.  inpin.  young  seedling  apple-tree.) 

plp-sis'se-wa,  l  pip-sls'i-we;2  plp-ete'e-wa,  n,  A  low-growing 
evergreen  with  light-purple  flowereandthlok  leaves,  [Am  Ind.] 

pi 'quant,  1  pl'kant  ;2pl'kant,  a.  I.  Having  an  agreeably 
pungent  or  tart  taste.    2.  interesting;  tart;  racy      ;t. 

Wounding  the  feelings       [K.]      Syn.:   see   BACT.      pl'qu. ni- 
cy, n.     pl'quant-l] . 
pique1, 1  plk;  2  pik,  vt.    [piqued';  piqu'inc]     1.  To  excite 
a  slight  degree  of  resentment  in.     2.  To  stimulate  bj 
envy,  jealousy,  etc.     3.  Reflexively,  to  pride  (oneself) 

Syn.:  affront,  annoy,  chafe,  displease,  fret.  goad.  Irritate,  net- 
tle, offend,  pain,  provoke,  rouse,  set  on.  stimulate,  sting,  stir 
up.  urge,  vex,  wound.  See  a.v.ik.  Prep.:  piqued  ol  (more 
rarely  by). 

pique2,  Vt.    To  win  a  pique  from  at  piquet . 

pique1,  n.      A   feeling  of  slight   Irritation  or  resentment.     ' 
F.  &  OF.  piquer,  prick,  sting.) 

Syn.:  displeasure,  grudge.  Irritation.  Offense,  rcscntinc*. 

umbrage.     Pique,  from  the  French,  signifies  primarily   ■ 

prick  or  a  sting,  as  of  a  nettle;  the  word  denotes  a  sudden 
feeling  of  mingled  pain  and  anger,  but  Blight  and  usually 

transient,  arising  from  some  Qeglect  0T  Offense,  real  or  Imag- 
inary.    Umbrage  Is  a  deeper  and  re  persistent  , 

sun  at  being  overshadowed  (Latin  umbra,  a  shadow  i  or  sub- 
jected to  any  treatment  that  one  deems  unworthy  of  him 
it  may  !><■  said,  as  a  general  statement,  that  p(jt»i 
from  wounded  vanit  v  or  senslt  Iveness,  umbragi  from  wound- 
ed pride  or  Bomet  li  on      /■<  i<  »tim< 

on   more   solid   grounds,   and    is  deep  and   perslstci 

iM.ni      Ant.:   approval,   com;  itentment,  de- 

light, gratification     ill  I  Isfactlon 

pique2,  n.      In   piquet,  the  scoring  of  :in  points  In  one  band 

before  the  oth       di    con    at  all,    [I  l 
pl"qtie',  1  pl'kfi';  S  pl'kfi',  ".    I.  \  iicav\  oottOD  fabric  with 

conied  or  figured  Burfaoe     2.  The  pattern  In  such  material 
pi"quet',  1  pl-ket' 

n.      1.    \    I  v  i I  cards  in  w  In    I     I 

below  thi  i     excluded     '-'•   >/</.  A  pioki  I 

picket,  game  at  cards;  see     n  Ml.  It.] 
PI-raB'U8,    I    l"ii  rl'tJ  \   manufacturing  tn«n. 

ort  of  Atl 

pl'rate,  1  pai'nt ;  :.'  pl'rat      l- 

RAT-IN<i.]      To  SUbjOCt    to  oi    pi  II.  I  ■ 

.i  and  robl 

gi linpiraoj      :t.  Vpei  on  who appropriau    without 

the  work  ol  anothi  r.   [F., 

Svn.:  see  BOBBER.      pI'rBH  |  I 

committed  on  the  h  '    i  ho  unauthorlspd  publlt  ■ 

Uon  or  i in  -      in ■  rai  i   propt  rt        pl-nil  •i-c.,i.  i       pi- 

rat  '1-CSl-lj  . 

pirn,  i  pOrn;  2  pirn,  n  '  loot  I  1.  A  I.  Yarn  on 

nlng-wheel  bobbin    ■  imI  rw  i 

pl-rogue',  I  pi  "•■■'.  »■    '•  A  tl 

lOttOmOd    boat  I 

w  .  ind  orte.j 

plr"oU-elle'.    1     pil  I 

,  ,ke  a  pirouette      II-  n      I.  A  rapid 

' 

den   lie  H'     I  , 

ri's.i,  i  pi'sa    '  i"'   I.  n.    A  coll 

Ian    p 

Pl-»a' i  pi  Bfl'no  '     ^l"1"  ' 

\, <  '    <-i"<  >o,o 

(1240-1  Italian  ' 

nel'lo;.       !.    Mo llPt« 


plv   ir> 

plain 


I           i                      .,       ..     ..        ii        ii        int.  hOrn; 
■  I     i  iii  i BM 


pis 


pl»h. 

H-+tt  ira-ti 

pl»'mlr.. 


•  !  rub  or 

pU"- 

I 

•  ill    1 11 r .  . 

uirUl  ».••         nil  .  i-<  ill    lur-al,  a. 

'  the  J'T- 
\\\lv,  1 
\  I  contempt. 


(Imlla- 
:  ' 
PI  mm. 

|'N-l-i   .hi...  1,1-0,    n. 

Tbr  i  .  mit.  »r 

r      :  ;  -•  .  '      '  [coin,  worth  about  3 

An  old  Spanish 
pis  hi.  d«be*ring  organ  of 

rof  the 
■f  tin-  ovary,  with  its  contained 


pl--t.il  . 


pi-  hi 


pna,  with  :i  style.    (<  L.  pistilium; 
-i.-r>.  :     pta'tll-late, 


IS  TOLED    Of    PIS 


tolled:  pis'tol-ing  or  pib'tol-lxwc  ]    To  ahoot  with 

a  pistol.     II.  n.     A  small  firearm  having  a  Stock  to  lit 
the  hand  and  a  short  barrel  or  barrels.    [  <  It.ot 
orlir.  dagger        p|s"tn-lcer ',   a.      '  me  who  tires  a   pistol: 
form'-  carrying  a  pistol     pi-"to-li<  r 

Pl-'iol  .  ikespeare's  .'•'  f  Windsor  and 

'■  illower  of  Falstaff. 
pl«~iole',  1   pIs'lOT;  2  pIs*tol',  n.     A  gold  coin  of  varying 

formerly  current  In  Europe.    [F.] 
pN'ton.  2  pls'ton,  n.    1.  A  disk  fitted  to  slide 

in  a  cylin«i- ■  ajn«engine,  and  connected  with 

a  rod  for  :■ 

upon  a  fluid  in  the  cylinder.  2.  A  valve  in  B  wind-in- 
.  :.g  the  pitch  of  the  tones.  [I\] 
pit-,  1  pit;  2  pit,  r.  [piT/TEDd;  pit'tint:]  I.  t.  1.  To 
mark  with  pits;  form  hollows  in.  2.  To  set  in  antag- 
onism or  hostile  opposition:  usually  with  agaii  |  :(. 
To  put  int  •  in  a  pit.     II.  »'.     To  become 

marked  with  pits. 
I'll  .    ;.    [Dial. |    Same  as  ; 

pi'  .  L   A  natural  or  artificial  cavity  in  the  ground, 

ly  wide  and  di  ep.    2.  An  abyss 

rnfrom.it.    (1)  The  grave. 

trouble.    3.  (11  The 

rium  of  a  theater,  especially,  in 

bat   portion  under  the  first  balcony. 

-  m:  \:  PABQTTBT.      (2)   The  part    of  the 

■  ion  of  the  theater.    4.  An 

us  trained  for  combat  are 

•").  Any  natural  cavity  or  de- 

.  the  armpit;  the  pit  of  tin-  stom- 

•>•  Eke  that  made  by  a  smallpox* 

icavation.     7. 

V 

part  of  the  floor  of  an  i  .  re  a  special  line  of 

trading  is    ;  ••pit.     [<  AS.  pyt,   <  L. 

put"'  pit 'man,  n.    1.  One  who  works  In  a  pit.  as 

In  sawing,  coal-mlnlng.  etc:  especially,  In  mining,  I 

•■•■.•:-■  -       'i.  [pit'- 

bmery,  a  ro'!  -    •  ,ry  with 

a  reciprocating  part;  a  connectlng«ro<J.  —  plt'ssaw",  n.     A 


two*handlcd  saw  for  cutting  lo^s  over  the  mouth  of  ■  pit. 

imllnw  In  tin-  I'll  |\  ar   of  I'M-',  n  ) 

i>ii  .  plum. 

pi  i  i. 

plt'a-pat",  li     w  mi  a  rapid  suc- 

i  of  light  i.,:ds  or  taps;  fluttering!       i>n  'ty-pafj. 
ru  .  .irn  Island.     \  itrltl  Ii  I  land  In  the  H    Paolflo  ocean; 

|p  "Bounty." 

pltcll   .  I  plch,    I       |r I'';    PI  m'ii'im.  1      I.  t 

plchr(  \  I.  To  project  from  tho  hand  bj  swinging  the  arm 
like  a  pendulum;  teas;  1 1 1 r ■  > w      :.  i 

iment,  into  the  ground,  as  wicketa;  benoo,  i 
order;  arrange.    .'I.    uv       to  regulate  <>r  set  the  pitch 
or  the  key  ol      I.    B       <U1    Todeliver  (the  ball)  to  the 
nan     II.  i.     I.  To  throw  underhand;  loosely,  to 
throw  in  any  way;  specifically,  i"  act  as  a  pitoher  In 
,11  or  plunge aownv  incline 

downward,    8.  To  fix  one's  choice;  settle,    4.  Toi 

dternately  at  the  bon  am  i  ship.    fi-  To 

ii\  u  encampment;  settle  down.     |\ar.  ol   n 
ee  i  brow. 
pitch  ear,  cover,  or  treat  with  pitch. 


pitch1,  n.    1.  Point  or  di  :  ion  01  depi 

idly,  the  extreme  point.    2.  Tho  degree  of  di    oenl 
of  a  declivity;  also,  a  desoent,  slope,  or  inclination  to 


the  horizon  S.  In  building,  the  inclination  of  a  roof. 
4.  M  i  advanoi  of  a  screw»thread 

in  a  single  turn.  (2)  The  distance  between  tooth'centers, 
asinageai  i.  '■' <     (1)  The  highness  or  lowness 

or  i'i:i\  ity  of  all  the  tones 
of  a  given  instrument  with  reference  to  some  standard. 
6.  In  games,  the  ad  of  pitching;  a  throw;  specif  i  Ba  <  - 
ball),  the  delivery  of  the  ball  by  the  pitcher;  also,  the 
place  of  pitching  or  the  distance  pitched.    7.  The  height 

to   winch   a   haul.  ;  ing  On   its  prey. — 

pltrh'tplpp",  n.  Mux.  \  small  pipe  to  be  sounded  with 
the  mouth,  giving  a  standard  pitch. 

pitch-,  u.  I.  a  thick,  tenacious,  dark  substance  obtained 
by  boiling  down  tar  and  from  the  residues  of  distilled 
turpentine,  etc  ;  used  in  coating  Beams.  2.  The  resinous 
Bap  "f  pines,  I  KB.  pic,  <  vix  (/>(<-).  pitch.]— pitch'' 
dark",  n.  Very  dark.  p. -pine,  n.  A  pine-tree  of  the 
eastern  and  southern  U.  S.,  with  hard,  resinous  wood. 

pitch  'blende",  1  pli  li'lilend*:  2  plch'blend",  n.  A  black  or 
brown  uranium  oxld  u  1th  a  luster  like  pitch:  the  chief  source 
of  radium. 

pitch 'er1, )  n.    One  win,  pitches;  specif.  [fiasebaU),  the 

pieli'cr1',    )  player  who  delivers  the  hall  to  the  batsman. 

pitch'cr-,  n.  1.  A  vessel  with  a  spout  and  a  handle,  used 
for  holding  liquids  to  he  poured  out.    'I.    Iti't.    A  peculiar 

form  of  leaf  Buggestive  of  a  common  pitcher.  (<  F. 
i  ;.i  ]  pitch 'ersplaut",  r». 
A  plant  having  leaves  with  pitcher-like  appendages. 

pitch  'fork",  n.  1.  A  large  fork  with  which  to  handle  hay, 
straw,  etc.    2.  A  tuiung-fork. 

pitch')*,  11   pidh'i;  2  plch'y,   a.     1.  Resembling  pitch; 

plch ')•'',  J  I'iteh-like;  intensely  dark.  2.  Daubed  with 
pitch. — pltch'1-ly,  a<lr.  —  pitch'i-ncss,  n. 

pit'e-ous,  1  pit'i-os;  2  pit'e-iis,  a.  I.  Exciting  pity,  sor- 
row, or  sympathy.  '£.  Affected  with  or  feeling  pity. 
Syn.'  sec  pitiful.-  plt'c-ous-ly,  adv.  —  plt'c-ous-ness,  n. 

pit 'fall",  1  pit'fol";  2  plt'fal",  n.  A  pit  contrived  for  en- 
trapping wild  bens ts  or  lie  n;  hence,  any  hidden  danger. 

pith,  1  pifh;  2  pith,  n.  1.  The  cylinder  of  soft,  spongy 
tissue  in  the  center  of  the  stems  and  branches  of  certain 
plants.  2.  Ornith.  (1)  The  spongy  substance  of  the 
interior  of  the  shall  of  B  feather.      (2)  The  spinal  cord. 

3.  Concentrated  force;  vigor:  used  figuratively  of  style. 

4.  The  essentia]  part ;  quintessence;  gist.  [  <  AS.  pitha, 
pith.)— pith 'less,  a.  I  laving  DO  pith:  lacking  force. — 
pltli'y,  a.  [PTTH'I-EK;  mtm'i-kst.)  1.  Consisting  of  pith; 
like  pith.  2.  Forcible;  effective.  Syn.:  sec  terse.— plth'l- 
1}  ,  ml'.-  plth'l-ness,  n 

plt'i-ful,  1  plt'i-ful;  2  pit'l-ful,  a.  1.  falling  forth  pity  or 
Compassion.      2.   I  mingled  with  contempt. 

Synj  abject,  base,  contemptible,  despicable,  lamentable, 
miserable,  mournful,  moving,  paltry,  pathetic,  piteous, 
pitiable,  sorrowful,  touching,  woful,  wretched.  I'Ui/ul 
originally  signified  full  of  pity:  as  "the  Lord  Is  very  pitiful 
'  lender  mercy."  Jamix  v,  11;  but  this  usage  Is  now 
archaic,  and  the  meaning  In  question  Is  appropriated  by 
such  words  as  merciful  and  compassionate,  1'iliful  and 
yilinhV  DOW  refer  to  what  may  be  deserving  of  pity,  pitiful 
b'ing  used  chiefly  for  that  which  is  merely  an  object  of 
thought.  pltiabU  tot  thai  which  is  brought  directly  before 
uses;  BS,  a  pUiful  story;  a  pitiable  object;  a  pitiable 
condition.  Since  pity,  however,  always  Implies  weakness  or 
Inferiority  In  that  which  Is  pitied,  pitiful  and  pitiable  are 
often  used,  by  an  easy  transition,  for  what  might  awaken 
pity,  but  does  awaken  contempt:  as,  a  pUiful  excuse;  ho 


1:8=  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;     10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    D  =  sino;    fhin     this. 
593        2:  wolf,  dft;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


piscary 
plain 


presented  a  pitiable  appearance.  Piteous  Is  now  rarely  used 
in  its  earlier  sense  of  feeling  pity,  but  in  its  derived  sense 
applies  to  what  really  excites  the  emotion;  as,  a  piteous  cry. 
See  merciful.  Compare  humane;  mercy;  pity. — Ant.: 
august,  beneficent,  commanding,  dignified,  exalted,  glorious, 
grand,  great,  helpful,  lofty,  mighty,  noble,  sublime,  superb. 
— pit'i-ful-ly,  adv.— pit'i-ful-ness,  n. 

plt'I-less,  etc.    See  under  pity.  [plt'tl-klnst. 

pit'l-kinst.  interj.  Pity:  a  diminutive  used  as  an  exclamation. 

Pit 'man,  1  pit'man;  2  pit'man,  Sir  Isaac  (1813-1S97).  An 
English  educator;  inventor  of  a  system  of  shorthand. 

Pitt,  1  pit;  2  pit,  n.  1.  William  (1708-1778),  Earl  of 
Chatham:  an  English  statesman;  opposed  Lord  North's 
American  policy.  1774-1777.  2.  William  (1759-1806), 
an  English  prime  minister:  son  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham. 

pit'tance,  1  pit'ans;  2  pit'anc,  n.  Originally,  an  allow- 
ance of  food;  hence,  any  meager  allowance.  [<  F. 
pitance,  lit.  'pious  dole.'] 

pit'u-i-ta-ry,  1  pit'yu-[or  pi-tlu']i-te-n:  2  plt'yu-[or  pl-tu')i- 
ta-ry,  a.  1.  Secreting  mucus;  mucous.  2.  Of  or  pertaining 
to  the  pituitary  body.  [<  L.  pituitarius,  <  pilvita,  phlegm. 
<  spuo,  spit.]  pit'u-i-toust. — pituitary  body  or  gland, 
a  small  rounded  structure  within  the  cranium,  on  the  supe- 
rior surface  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  now  believed  to  regulate 
the  nutrition  of  bone  and  other  connective  tissues,  but  for- 
merly thought  to  secrete  mucus. 

Pitts'burgh,  1  pits'burg:  2  pits'burg,  n.  A  manufacturing 
city  of  Pennsylvania;  pop.  590,000.    Pitts'burgJ. 

Pitts 'burg  Land'ing.  A  village  In  S.  W.  Tennessee;  on  the 
battle=fleld  of  Shiloh.    See  Shiloh. 

pit'y,  1  pit'i;  2  pit'y,  vt.  &  vi.  [pit'ied;  pit'y-ing.]  To 
feel  compassion  or  pity  for;  be  compassionate. 

Syn.:  be  grieved  for,  commiserate,  compassionate,  have 
compassion  on  or  upon,  have  pity  on  or  upon,  sorrow  for 
or  with,  sympathize  with. — Ant:  crush,  neglect,  oppress, 
repulse,  scorn,  slight,  torment. — pit'I-a-bl(e<%  a.  1.  That 
may  be  pitied;  pathetic.  2.  Pitiful.  Syn.:  see  pitiful. — 
pit'i-a-bl(e-nessp,  n.— pit'i-a-bly,  adv. 

pit'y,  n.  [pit'ies2,  pi]  1.  The  feeling  of  grief  or  pain 
awakened  by  misfortunes  or  sorrows  of  others.  2. 
That  which  arouses  compassion;  misfortune.  [  <  OF. 
pitie,  <  L.  pietas;  see  piety.] 

Syn.:  commiseration,  compassion,  condolence,  mercy, 
sympathy,  tenderness.  Pity  is  a  feeling  of  grief  or  pain 
aroused  by  the  weakness,  misfortunes,  or  distresses  of 
others,  joined  with  a  desire  to  help  or  relieve.  Sympathy 
(feeling  or  suffering  with)  implies  some  degree  of  equality, 
kindred,  or  union;  pity  is  for  what  is  weak  or  unfortunate, 
and  so  far,  at  least,  inferior  to  ourselves;  hence,  pity  is 
often  resented  where  sympathy  would  be  welcomed.  We  have 
sympathy  with  one  in  joy  or  grief,  in  pleasure  or  pain,  pity 
only  for  those  in  suffering  or  need:  we  may  have  sympathy 
with  the  struggles  of  a  giant  or  the  triumphs  of  a  conqueror; 
we  are  moved  with  pity  for  the  captive  or  the  slave.  1'ity 
may  be  only  in  the  mind,  but  mercy  does  something  for 
those  who  are  its  objects.  Compassion,  like  pity,  is  exer- 
cised only  with  respect  to  the  suffering  or  unfortunate,  but 
combines  with  the  tenderness  of  pity  the  dignity  of  sympathy 
and  the  active  quality  of  mercy.  Commiseration  is  as  tender 
as  compassion,  but  more  remote  and  hopeless;  we  have  com- 
miseration for  sufferers  whom  we  can  not  reach  or  can  not 
relieve.  Condolence  is  the  expression  of  sympathy.  See 
mercy. — Ant.:  barbarity,  brutality,  cruelty,  ferocity,  hard- 
heartedness,  harshness,  inhumanity,  mercilessness,  pitiless- 
ness,  rigor,  ruthlessness,  severity,  sternness,  trurulence. — 
Prep.:  pity  on  or  upon  that  which  we  help  or  spare;  pity  for 
that  which  we  merely  contemplate;  "have  pity  upon  me,  I ' 
ye  my  friends,"  Job  xlx,  21;  "pity  /or  a  horse  o'erdrlvcn." 
Tennyson  In  Memoriam  Ixll,  st.  1. — plt'I-less,  a.  1. 
Destitute  of  pity;  cruel.  2.  Exciting  no  pity.  Svn.:  see 
implacable. — plt'I-less-ly,  adv.  —  pit M-less-ness,  n. 

Pi'us,  1  pai'us;  2  pl'us,  n.     One  of  several  popes  of  Rome; 

especially  (1)  P.  II.  (1406-1464),  Enea  Silvio  de  PI ilo- 

minl,  diplomat,  humanist,  and  historian.  (L'i  P.  IV.  -  I  LOS 
1565),  Giovanni  Angelo  Medici;  published  Trtdentim  Creed 
(3)  P.  V.,  Saint  (1504-1572),  Micheie  ( ihisilerl,  promoter 
of  Roman  Inquisition.  (4)  P.  VI.  <1717  1799),  Giovanni 
Angelo  Braschl;  prisoner ol  the  French.  (6)  l'.  vn.  >iti- 
1823),  Gregorio  L.  B,  Chlaramonte;  taken  prisoner  by  Na- 
poleon. P.  IX.  (1792-1878),  Giovanni  Mastal-Ferrettl; 
lost  temporal  sovereignty.  (6)  P.  X.  (1836  191  I),  '  .in  leppc 
Sarto;  elected  pope,  Aug.  4.  1903. 

piv'ot,  1  piv'iit;  2  plv'ot.  I1'.  vt.  &  vi.  To  place  or  turn 
on  a  pivot;  hinge.  II.  n.  1.  A  pin  or  snort  staff  on 
which  a  related  part  turns.  2.  Some!  bing  on  w  biofa  an 
important  matter  depends  or  binges.    IF] 

pix'y,  1  piks'r,  2  plks'y,  n.  [pix'ieb,  /</ 1  A  fairy  or  i  II 
[Perhaps  dim,  of  Puck.]    plx'let. 

Pl-zar'ro,  i  praar'o;  2  pl-zaro,  Francisco  (1475  1641),  The 
Spanish  conqueror  of  Peru. 

P.  J.,  abbr.    Ponce  Justice,  Presiding  Judge,  Probate  Judge 
pk.,abbr.   [rsa.,pl.\    Pecs      pkg.,abbr.   [FXoe.,p(.)  Pack- 
age.—P.   L,.,  abbr.     Paradise    l.o.t,    I'oei    Laureate.— pi., 
abbr.    Place,  plate,  plural. 


pla-card',  1  pla-kard'  or  plak'erd;  2  pla-oard'  or  plae'ard. 
Id.  vt.    1.  To  announce  by  placards.    2.  To  post  placards 
upor.     II.  1  plak'ard;  2  plac'ard,  n.     1.  A  printed  or 
written  paper  publicly  displayed,  as  a  proclamati 
poster.    2.  A  tag  or  plate  bearing  an  owner's  name.     [F.l 

pla'ca-te,  1  ple'ket;  2  pla'eat,  vt.  [pla'ca-ted11;  pla.'- 
oat-ing.]  To  turn  from  a  state  of  anger  or  hostility  to 
friendliness;  appease.  [<  L.  placatus,  pp,  of  ptaeo,  ap- 
pease.]— pla'ca-bl(eP,  a.  Appeasable;  yielding.  Syn .:  see 
charitable.— pla"ca-bil'l-ty,  n.  pla'ra-l>l  e-n(  - 
pla'ca-bly,  adv.— pla-ca'tlon,  ».— pla'ca-to-r>,  a. 

place,  1  pies;  2  pl&C.     I.  Vt.     [placed';  plac'ini;.]     1.  To 
set  in  a  particular  place  or  spot ;  put  in  the  appropriate 
place  or  order;  arrange.     2.  To  put  in  office;  ass 
duty;  appoint.    3.  To  put  out  at  interest;  invest    4.  To 
direct  or  rest  with  confidence.    Syn.:  see  pit;  set. 
II.   n.     1.   A  particular  point  or  portion  of  space;   :t 
definite  locality  or  location.     2.  An  occupied  situation 
or  building;  space  regarded  as  abode  or  quart.  I 
estate,  town,  military  post,  etc.    3.  An  op  d  mace  or 
square  in  a  city;  also,  a  court  or  street.     4.  Position  in 
relative  order;  hence,  station  in  life;  degree;  rank.     5. 
Specifically:   (1)   In  sporting  contests,  position  among 
the  first  three.     (2)  An  office,  appointment,  or  employ- 
ment.    6.  Room  for  occupation;   reception;  welcome; 
lodgment;  seat.    7.  Vacated  room;  stead;  1 
dence.     8.  A  particular  passage,  as  in  a  book;  a  text; 
a  topic.     [F.,   <  Gr.L  ptcUeia,  fern.  s.  of  pldtys,  wide  j 
Syn.:  locality,  location,  part,  position,  post.  room.  sit.-,  sit- 
uation, space,  spot,  station.     See  scem       place 'man,  n. 
[-MEN,  pi.]     An  office-holder:  often  derogatory, 

pla-ee'bo,  1  pla-sl'bo:  2  pla-ce'bo,  n.    1.  /,'.  c.  Ch.  Thl 

ing  antiphon  of  the  vespers  for  the  dead,  a  part  of  Psalm 
cxvi:  from  its  first  word,  beginning  with  verse  9.  '■!.  Mtd. 
Any  harmless  substance,  as  bread  pills,  given  to  humor  a 
patient  rather  than  as  a  remedy.  [OF.,  <  L.  placebo,  1  "ill 
please,   <  placeo,  please.] 

pla-cen'ta,  1  plo-scn'ta;  2  pla-ccn'ta.  n.  1.  Embryo!.  The 
organ  by  which  the  fetus  of  the  higher  mammals  Is  nour- 
ished. 2.  Zool.  An  analogous  organ  in  some  oilier  aninals. 
3.  Bot.  The  part  of  the  ovary  that  supports  the  ovules. 
[L.,  cake.]— pla-ccn'tal,  a. 

plac'er1,  1  plas'ar;  2  plac'er,  n.  In  mining,  a  place  when 
surf  ace  deposits  are  washed  for  valuable  minerals.  [8p  , 
<  placa,  place.] 

plac'er=,  l  pies' er;  2  plac'er,  n.   One  who  places,  in  an 

pla'eei,  1  ple'set;  2  pla'cet,  n.     [I..;  literally,  It   pies  I. 

Permission  given  by  authority;  sanction.  8.  A  M.ie  .if  as- 
sent, as  by  a  council.    3.  A  formal  request,  U  l'i  writing 

plac'id,  1  plas'id;  2  pl&c'id,  a.  Having  a  smooth,  un- 
ruffled surface,  as  a  sheet  ,,f  still  water;  unruffled;  calm. 
[<  L.  piacidus,  <  plaeea,  please.]  Byn:  see  calm;  pa<  ifi« . 
— pla-cid'l-iy,  n.    plac'ld-nesst.    plae'ld»ly,  adv. 

plaek,  1  plak;  2  plak.  n.    A  small  copper  coin,  formerly  current 

in  Scotland.    [<  f.  plaque,  plate.        Ml),  placke,  a  coin.] 
plaek 'el,  1  plak'et;  l!  piai- 'et.  n,    1.  The  opening  or  silt  left  In 

the  upper  part  of  a  petticoat   or  skirt,     plaek 'el  •Imlr": . 

2t.  A  woman's  pocket.    St.  A  pettlcoal 

dim.  of  ( if.  &  F.  plague;  see  PLACE.] 
plac'oid,    1    plak'old;   \l    plac'olil,    a        l'late-llkc.    as   certain 

scales  in  sharks  and  rays.    [<  Or.  vim.  plate,   i  -on>.] 
pla'Ki-a-rizt'  or  -rise,  1  plS'ji-e-raia;  L'  piaVi  :.  rts,  r. 

[-nizEi>or-!tisi;p; -uiz"iN'i  or -uis"ino  |  I.'  ro  appro- 
priate and  gh il  s  -  "ic  's  own  th  i  Ustic 

work  of  aunt  her,    II.  i,     I'"  commit  |  [ <  1 

piaiiinrius,  a  plagiarist,  -    pint/turn,  kidnaping.]    pla'gl-a- 

rlstll,  n.     The  act  of  plagiarising,  or  something  l>l:t 
pla'gl-a-rj  I.      pla'gl-a-rM,  ;,. 

plague,  l  pier:  2  plafl  hvt  [plaquid;  PLAor/iNo.]  i. 
To  pursue   with  annoyance      '.'.   To  affliol    with   the 

te  or  any  natural  evil    Q.  n,    I.  Vnythingti 
Borne  or  harassing,  producing  mental  di  tn 
tilence  or  epidemic  di  lea  x  .  ;ii»   int 
fever.    :i.   \n\  great  nat ural  evil  or  i  «  .   \ 

curse;    mischief.       [(  U  I 

ABOMINATION       iilagu'iT.    n.      |>lngil 'l-l) .    plagU'y, 

|c  lolloq  |  Vexii  itolerabl        plago'y, 

ation  or  annoyance:  trout 
plaice,  1  pll       ;•  p]  i...  n      I.  A  1  urorx 

.,i  various  Vim  ri 
plaid,  I  plad  m  p  > 

pattern  ol 

li.   „       \   o  otangulai    wool 

with 

,  contr  of  pei  plaid '(  d, 

plain1,  I  pit  a;  :.'  plftn,  -      1.1     To  I    »urn  ol  itmkr  I 

tation  II.        I.   i  o*      *t.   I  o 

whinn]      I  -    I     pte»ndr< ,  <  1  heat  thi 

plain    '.li 

plain,     i.         i.  og   qo   ooUooablt    olevftUi 


pUUnl 
ptaj 


11         i  ■    ■         '         i  ii".  rtto;  Inn.  bftrni 

'  >     >         I  ■         .11  i         .,.,,..,. 


V.»l 


■ 


plan  <  t.  :  ■  S |  .'.if.  .. ,,,,,,,,  bodii  a 

in  that  revolve  around  the  sun.    I^cir. 
.  in    "wanderer.'] 

TABLI   09    M  UOI    PI  Ufl 


H-ti  we 


»r  could  do)  call  ii 

I  ll'Mll  M  .    HI    ISk 

IS   fur   1  yl   l\  - 


II 


[<\  .In     il>  il   hue      I  riR  frankly  and 

II 

i'i  'in  i* .  plain  ims,         ii,  c  oondlUon  <  >  f  be- 

plalni  - 

■Ml,  \     Iwi  p,   -11111.-. 

i  music  not  governed 

by  the  woroVaccent.    2.  a 

I .  Audible  utteran .f  Bor- 

'.'•  \  writ  Betting 

I  <  •'•  P1 
■  at   the  breasl  |     plain 'tiff. 
plain  Uf  .  rhe  pan     that         ns  an  action  at  law.  - 

i'i» i ii  n»  <   .  subdued  sadness;  mournful. 

-i> .  -ii.  --. 

pi  hi-  l  .  r(.    l.  To  double  in 

II.         1.   \ 
-  and  fixed  in  place,  as  by 
.     pleit,  <  L.  plicatua,  pp.  of 
|.l    ii  :         UoqJ. 

|d.lll.  \ED,    PLAND8;    II. A  '. 

1.1.  ...  nit;  of. 

II.        1  •  *  form  :i  plan. 

,  <ii-\  tae,  Invent,  plot,  pro- 

sketch  out.   Compare  brew; 

|>l.t ti   in  r. 
plan.  I.  meat  of  moans  or  steps  for  the 

•  hod;  design 
•Ijf  proportion  and  relal 

.'lim-  sketch;  draft.    :i.  A 

<    plan    (<    L.    planus).    Hat] 

-.1  Tt  II. 

planrli.  1  [latirh:  2  pl&nch.  n.    1.  A  Mat  iron  shoe  for  a  mule. 
anca.  plank.]  —  planchcd,  pa    Boarded. 
■iaaeh'et,  inch'et,  n.    A  piece  of  metal  ready 

•blank.    [<  P.  plant 
ptaic  •  into,  plank.) 

plan-rtn  it,-'.  in-chef,  n.    1.  A  drcumfer- 

.   ...  Itb  a   pencil   and   I 

•  ntly  of  the  volition 
I  i  ! 
I'1'1"  ..in,   rf.     Im.VKii;   I'I.an'im;]     1.  To 

m  a 


M'l'iir    .  -;  :»ne. 

machine   for    planing   wood   or  metal       .'. 

plan:-  :.  ■      b 

pi  MM  ■         1.  level;  fiat.    '!.    Boi     1!    ■. - 

iBizontal;  i  i 

plan.  .         1 .  joining 

oily  within  the  surface;  a 

flat  or  ur.'  !.  A  grade  of  development; 

•>•  ;  the  supporting  surfaces  of  an 

-  th<-  Burfao 

plane:,  i  smoothing  boards  by  pushing  it 


plan"e-ta'rl-uni,  n.     Same  its  ORBBRT.      pl.in'el-a- 

r>.         l.  Pertaining  to  a  plane)      '.'.  Wandering,     plan'- 

ei-oi<i,  u  i  me  ..r  tin-  several  hundred  timall  planets  revolv- 
ing between  the  orbits  .,f  Mars  an. I  Jupiter.      plaii'V-tnl'- 

ti.ii:.  pian'et  -triek"en.  UTected  by  the  Influence  ol 
planets;  blasted;  i Qstruek.    p.isiruek;. 

plane'. Ia"hle,    1    pl.-n'-i ." '( »l .   2    plan'-ta'lil,    n.      1.   Surr    A 

topographical  instrument  used  in  Deld«mapplng, and  having 
a  a1gbtlng«telescope  fur  observing  objects,  w  hose  angles  may 
be  noted  on  a  paper  on  the  table  "f  the  Instrument.  '-'. 
Minim:.  An  Inclined  ore»dresslng  table. 

plane 'sfree",  r».  The  sycamore  ur  buttonwood,  ur  some 
related  tree.    [F.]    planet. 

plan 'Kent,  1  plan'jent :  2  plan'gcnt.  ".  Dashing  noisily;  re- 
soundlng;  plaintive.    [<  i.  plango,  beat  the  bn 

pla'nl-,  1  iili'm-  t.r  plan'i-;  jj  pla'nl-  ur  plan'l-.  From  Latin 
planus,  flat,  level,  plane:  a  combining  form. — pla"nl-fo'- 
ll-ous,  a.  in  botany,  OaMeaved.  i  •  i.  folium,  leaf.]  - 
pi  a  'n  I- form,  a.  Having  iii.'  surfaces  nearly  Mat.  as  a  glid- 
ing joint.  [  -  -FORM.]  pla-nlni'e-ler,  n.  Math.  An  In- 
strument for  measuring  tin-  area  of  any  plane  surface,  by 
moving  a  pointer  around  Its  boundary  and  r. -a. link-  the  Indi- 
cations Ol  a  scale.  If  -METER.]  pla"nl-met 'rlc  or  -rl- 
eal,  n.  pla-nlm'e-try,  n.  The  geometrical  measurement 
of  plane  surfaces. 

plan 'Mi,  1  plan'lSh:  2  plan'lsh.  it.  1.  To  make  (wood) 
smooth  or  plane.  %,  To  coinlcn.se,  smooth,  and  toughen,  as 
metal,  by  hammer-Mows  S.  To  polish,  a.s  metal  plates. 
[<  F.  planlr  (ppr.  pi  :•  of  plum  r,  PLANE.] 

plan'i-sphere,  1  plan'i-sfir;  2  plan'l-sfcr,  n.  A  plane  projec- 
tion of  the  sphere;  especially,  a  polar  projection  of  the  heav- 
ens on  a  chart,  with  a  movable  coyer  which,  when  set  by  the 
directions,  shows  the  stars  visible  at  a  given  place  and  I  line. 

plank,  1  plarjk;  2  plank.  I',  rf.  1.  To  cover  with  planks. 
2.  [Colloq.]  To  lay  down  as  if  on  a  plank.  II.  n.  1.  A 
broad  piece  of  sawed  timber,  thicker  than  a  board.  2. 
Anything  that  sustains  or  upholds;  one  of  the  principles 
of   a   political   platform.     [<    L.*  planca,   plank.] — 

|tl. ink  'inn.   n. 

pla'no-,  1  pie' no-;  2  pla'no-.  From  Latin  planus,  level, 
flat,  plane:   a  combining   form.  —  pla"iKMron'<,avi*, 

|ila"no=oon'vex,  flat,  or  plan,  on  one  side  and  concave  or 
convex  on  the  other.— pla"no-eon  '1-eal.  a.  Plane  on  one 
•id  conical  tm  the  other,  pla-nom '<--try,  n.  The  art, 
or  process  of  making  or  gaging  a  plane  surface.  [  t-  (;- 
metron,  measure] 

plant  I,  1  plant;  2  plant,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  set  in  the  ground 
for  growth  2.  To  furnish  with  plants  or  seeds.  3.  To 
engender;  implant.  4.  To  fix  permanently.  5.  To  send 
home,  as  a  blow.  II.  i.  To  sow  seeds,  or  set  plants. 
[<  L.AS  platUo,  <  plania,  plant.] 

Syn.:  seed,  seed  down,  set,  set  out,  sow.  we  set  or  set  out 
slips,  cuttings,  young  trees,  etc.,  tho  we  may  also  be  said 
'./  them;  we  iilnnt  corn,  potatoes,  etc.,  which  we  put 
in  definite  places;,  a.s  In  hills,  with  some  care;  w  ,,w  wheat 
or  other  small  grains  and  seeds  which  are  scattered  In  the 
process.  Tho  by  modern  agricultural  machinery  the  smaller 
grains  an-  almost  a  precisely  planted  as  corn,  the  old  word 
for  broadcast  scattering  Is  retained.  Land  Is  seeded  or  seeded 
to  grass.  See  set.  —  Ant.:  eradicate,  extirpate,  root  up, 
uproot,  weed  out. 

plant,  n.     1.  An  organized  non«sentien1  being  endowed 

with  vegetable  life  2.  Any  one  of  the  smaller  forms  t«f 
table  lite,  in  distinction  from  shrubs  anil  trees.  3. 
The  permanent  appliances  required  for  a  factory  or 
other  institution.  4§.  A  sapling;  hence,  a  staff  or  cudg- 
el. 5t.  The  gole  01  the  toot,  |<  AS.  plante,  <  L. 
plania.  plant.]  — plant 'douse",  n.  A  small  green  or  brown 
Insect,  especially  an  aphis,  which  Infests  vegetation, 
plant  'age*,  n.    Herbs  generally;  also,  planting. 


l:a=  final;    i^hablt^   aisle:    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    g  =  sino;    fhin,   this.        plaint 
595  2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  plu> 


Plan-tag'e-net,  1  plau-taj'i-net;  2  plan-tag'e-net,  re.  A  pat- 
ronymic of  the  English  kings  from  Henry  If.  (1154)  to  the 
accession  of  the  house  of  Tudor  (1485);  from  the  sprig  of 
broom  (planta  genista)  worn  by  Geoffrey  of  Anjou,  founder 
of  the  line. 

plan 'tain1,  1  plan'tin;  2  plan'tin,  n.  A  perennial  weed 
with  large,  ovate,  ribbed  leaves.  [F.,  <  L.  plantago 
(plantagin-),  plantain.] 

plan 'tain2,  n.  A  tropical  perennial  herb  or  its  edible, 
banana=like  fruit.    [OF.] 

plan 'tar,  1  plan'tar;  2  plan'tar,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  sole  of 
the  foot.    [<  L.  plantaris,  <  planta,  sole  of  the  foot.] 

plan-ta'tion,  1  plan-te'shan;  2  plan-ta'shon,  re.  1.  Any 
place  that  is  planted.  (1)  In  tropical  or  subtropical 
countries,  a  large  farm.  (2)  pi.  A  colony.  (3)  An 
oyster=bed  or  oyster-farm.  (4)  A  grove  cultivated  for 
its  wood.  2.  The  act  of  planting.  [F.,  <  L.  planta- 
tion-), planting.] 

plant 'er,  1  plant'er;  2  plant'er,  n.     1.  One  who  plants. 

2.  An  early  settler.     3.  An  owner  of  a  plantation.     4. 
An  agricultural  implement  for  dropping  seed  in  soil. 

plan'ti-grade,  1  plan'ti-gred;  2  plan'ti-grad.  I.  a. 
Walking  on  the  whole  sole  of  the  foot,  as  men,  bears, 
etc.  II.  re.  A  plantigrade  animal.  [  <  L.  planta,  sole 
of  the  foot,  +  gradior,  walk.] 

plant  'let.  1  plant'let;  2  plant'let,  re.  A  little  or  young  plant; 
a  rudimentary  plant,    plant  'ulei . 

plaque,  1  plak  or  plak;  2  plak  or  plak,  n.  1.  A  plate,  disk, 
or  slab,  as  of  metal,  porcelain,  or  ivory,  artistically  or- 
namented, as  for  wall=decoration.  2.  A  brooch  or  the 
like.    3.  Anat.  &  Zool.  A  small  plate=like  structure.    [F.] 

plash1,  1  plash;  2  plash.  I',  vt.  &  vi.  To  splash  lightly. 
II.  re.  1.  A  slight  splash.  2.  A  splotch;  flash.  3.  A 
small  pool.  [<  D.  plasch,  puddle.] — plash'y,  o. 
Swampy;  splashy. 

plash2,  v.  I.  t.  To  bend  down  and  interweave,  as  twigs  or 
branches.  II.  i.  To  bend  down  a  twig  or  branch;  lop.  [< 
L.of  plccto,  weave.] 

-plasm,  suffix.  From  Greek  plasma,  form  (<  plasso,  form): 
a  termination  used  in  biology  to  denote  the  viscous  material 
of  a  vegetable  or  an  animal  cell;  as,  protoptasrej. 

plas'ma,  1  plaz'ma  or  plas'ma;  2  plas/ma  or  plas'ma,  n. 
1.  Biol.  (1)  The  liquid  portion  of  nutritive  animal  fluids. 
(2)  The  viscous  material  of  a  cell;  protoplasm.  2.  A 
green  translucent  quartz«chaleedony,  used  among  the 
Romans  as  a  gem.  3.  The  liquid  portion  of  certain  ani- 
mal fluids,  as  blood,  lymph,  etc.  4.  The  viscous  matter 
of  a  cell,    plasmj.— plas'mic,  a. 

Plas'sey,  1  plas'i;  2  plas'y,  re.  A  village  In  Bengal;  scene  of 
Clive's  victory  over  Hindus,  June  23,  1757. 

plas'ter,  1  plas'tar;  2  plas'ter,  vt.  1.  To  overlay  with 
plaster.     2.  To  apply  a  plaster  to;  daub  with  plaster. 

3.  To  treat  with  plaster. 

plas'ter,  n.  1.  A  composition  of  lime,  sand,  and  water  for 
coating  walls  and  partitions.  2.  Calcined  gypsum  for  ma- 
king sculptors'  casts,  etc.  3.  A  viscid  substance.spread 
upon  linen,  silk,  or  the  like:  used  for  healing  purposes. 
[<  AS.  plaster,  <  Gr.L  emplastron.] — plaster  of  Paris,  cal- 
cined gypsum;  also,  any  gypsum:  mixed  with  water,  it  sets 
rapidly  into  a  hard  concretion. — plas'ter-er,  re. — plas'ter- 
Ing,  re.  1.  The  act  of  applying  plaster,  as  to  walls.  2.  A 
coating  of  plaster. 

plas'tic,  1  plas'tik;  2  plas'tic,  a.  1.  Giving  form  or 
fashion  to  matter.  2.  Capable  of  being  molded.  3. 
Pertaining  to  modeling  or  molding;  sculptural.  4. 
Surg.  Efficacious  or  instrumental  in  renewing  lost  parts 
or  in  rectifying  malformed  parts.  [<  Gr,  plaatikos,  lit 
for  molding.] — plas'tl-cal-ly,  adv.-  plas-tlc'l-ty,  re.  1. 
Plastic  quality.  2.  Capacity  for  being  mentally  or  spiri- 
tually molded.    3.  Formative  power. 

plas'tron,  1  plas'tron;  2  plas'tron,  re.  1.  A  portion  of  a  gar- 
ment, shield,  etc.,  covering  the  breast.  2.  Zool.  The  under 
or  ventral  part  of  the  shell  of  a  turtle;  also,  a  similar  part 
In  amphibians.  [F.,  <  L.  emplastrum;  see  FLA8TEB,  re.] 
plas'trumf. 

-plasty,  suffix.    Growth.    [<  Gr.  plaslos,  formed.] 

plat1,  1  plat;  2  plat.  I.  vt.  [plat'ted,j;  pl\t'ting.]  To 
plait.    II.  re.    A  plait.    [Var.  of  plait,  v.] 

plat2.  I'',  vt.  To  lay  out  in  plats  or  plots,  II.  «.  1.  A 
small  piece  of  ground;  a  plot.  2.  A  plotted  map.  [< 
AS.  plot,  plot  of  ground.] 

Pla'ta,  i  plS'ta;  2  piii'tii,  re.    An  estuary  between  Uruguay 

and  the  Argentine  Republic;   190  in.  lung  by  I  .'if.  in.  wide. 

Pla-t:e'a,  1   pbi-tl'a;  2  pla-tc'a,  n.     An  ancient  city   N.   \V. 

of  Athens.  Greece;  here  Spartans  anil  Athenians  defeated 

Persians,  47'.*  B,  C.  Iplat'ant. 

plat '»■■<>.   l    plat'an:  2  plat'an.  n.     The  plane«tree      111 

plate,  1  pl<~t;  2  plat.    I.vt.    [plat'ed"1;  plat'tog.]    1.  To 

coat  witli  a  I  liin  layer  of  metal.     2.  To  sheathe  in  armor' 
plates.     3.  To  hammer  into  plates.     4.  Paper'making. 


To  coat  with  a  thick  size.  5.  Print.  To  make  an  electro- 
type or  stereotype  from.  II.  n.  1.  A  flat,  extended, 
rigid  body,  as  of  metal,  of  slight  relative  thickness.  2. 
A  shallow  vessel,  now  usually  of  crockery,  fur  table  use. 
3.  Metallic  tableware,  as  goblets,  tea-sets,  etc  ,  col- 
lectively, primarily  of  gold  or  silver:  also  used  of  plated 
ware.  4.  A  portion  of  food  served  at  table;  a  dish.  5. 
A  piece  of  flat  metal  bearing  a  design,  as  for  engraving 
or  printing;  an  electrotype;  stereotype.  6.  A  horizontal 
timber  laid  on  a  wall  to  receive  a  framework.  7.  A 
piece  of  material  fitted  to  the  mouth  and  holding  one  or 
more  artificial  teeth.  8.  Plate  glass.  9.  Plate  armor. 
10.  Phot.  A  sheet  of  glass  on  which  a  negative  or  other 
picture  is  made.  11.  Baseball.  The  home  base,  marked 
by  a  flat,  pentagonal  figure,  17  inches  in  diameter.  12. 
Biol.  A  lamina.  13f.  A  piece  of  silver  money;  also, 
silver.  [<  Gr.OF  platys,  flat.]— plate  armor.  '  1.  De- 
fensive armor  of  strong  metallic  plates  for  protecting  ships 
or  fortifications  against  artillery.  2.  Formerly,  defensive 
armor  for  the  person  made  of  overlapping  plates,  in  dis- 
tinction from  chain  armor  or  mail  strictly  so  called.  — 
plate'ful.  re.  [-FULS,  pi.}  The  quantity  that  tills  a  plate. 
—p.  matter,  matter  for  newspapers  or  periodicals,  cast  In 
stereotyped  plates  and  sold  to  be  used  by  several  papers  at 
practically  the  same  time. — plat'ing,  re. 
pla-teau',  1  pla-to';  2  pla-to',  re.     [-teaux'  or  -teats', 

I  -toz';  2-tos/,  pi.]  1.  Geog.  An  extensive  stretch  of  ele- 
vated and  comparatively  level  land.  2.  A  broad  center- 
piece for  a  table;  also,  a  decorative  plaque.    [  1 ',] 

plat'en,  1  plat'en;  2  plat'en,  re.  1.  The  part  < >f  a  printing* 
press,  typewriter,  or  the  like,  on  which  t  he  paper  is  sup- 
ported, to  receive  the  impression.  2.  In  a  machine-tool, 
the  adjustable  table  that  carries  the  work.  [  <  F. 
platine,  plate,  <  plat;  see  plate.] 

plat  'form,  1  plat'form;  2  plat'form,  n.  1.  Any  floor  or 
flat  surface  raised  above  the  adjacent  level,  i  1  I  \  stage 
for  public  speaking.  (2)  A  raised  walk  upon  which  pas- 
sengers alight  from  railroad=cars.  (3)  A  projecting 
stage  at  the  end  of  a  car  or  similar  vehicle.  2.  A  formal 
scheme  of  principles  put  forth  by  a  religious,  political, 
or  other  body.    3.  The  business  of  public  speaking. 

plat'i-num,  1  plat'i-num;  2  plat'i-nfnn,  re.  A  whitish 
metallic  element,  highly  infusible  and  able  to  resist 
acids.    See  element,     pla-.i'n..    . 

plat'i-tude,  1  plat'i-tiiid;  2  plat'i-tQd,  n.  1.  A  flat,  dull, 
or  commonplace  statement.  2.  Dulness.  [F.,  flatness, 
<  plat,  fiat.] 

Pla'to,  1  ple'to;  2  pla'to,  re.  A  Greek  philosopher  (427-347 
B.  C.);  disciple  of  Socrates.  — Pla-ton'lc,  a.  1.  Pertaining 
to  or  characteristic  of  Plato  or  his  teachings  '-.  Purely 
spiritual;  having  no  passion:  said  of  love.  Pla-ton'l-cal;. 
— Pla'to-nism,  re.  —  PJa'to-nlst.  re      Pla'to-nlze,  vt. 

pla-toon',  1  plo-tun';2  pla-toon',  re.  Mil.  Formerly,  hall 
of  a  company,  commanded  by  a  lieutenant,  [  <  F. 
peloton,  ball,  group.] 

Piatt 'deutsch",  1  plSt'delch";  2  plat'dOlcn",  re.  Low  Ger- 
man; the  speech  of  the  north  of  Germany,    [<  ;.j 

plat'ter,  1  plat'er;  2  plat'er,  re.    An  oblong  shallow  dish, 

plat'y-,  l  piat'i-;  2  plat'y-.  i  com  <  (reek  platys,  Bat,  broad:  a 
combining  form.  —  plat'y-pus,  n.  A  duckbill.  |  i  Or.pous 
(pod-),  foot.] — plal'y-rhlnU's.  I.  a.  1.  Having  a  broad 
nose.    2.  Pertaining  to  the  Platyrhina,  a  section  oi  monkeys 

having  broad  noses.    II.  re.    One  of  a  broad  i    eel f 

monkeys  (Platyrhina),   including  ail   America) 

II  Gr  rhis,  nose.]  plat">-rliln'l-anj;  plat"jr-rliln'l- 
anf;  plat'yr-rhln(e8f. 

plail'dit,  1  ple'dlt;  2  pla'dit,  re.  An  expression  of  ap- 
plause; praise  bestowed.  [<  I.,  plaudo,  applaud.] 
Syn.:  see  applause. 

plan 'si-bl (e'',  1  ple'zi-bl;  2  pls/si-bl,  ".    Seeming  likelj 

to  be  (rue;  specious;  calculated  to  «n    confidi  QCi        I  - 

L.  plans  iii  a  is.  deserving  applause,  ■    plausvs,  pp  ot  plaudo, 

applaud!       Syn.:     See     0BT]        nut:       plail"sl-l)ll 'l-ty.     n 

I  -ties*,  pi.]    piau'si-iii  (-nessi : .    plau'sl-bly, 
plau'slvu-s,  l  pl6'siv;2  plft'slv,  a,    I.  Manltes praise;  ap- 
plauding    8i  •   Plausible.     I  •    >•  plaiuvs;  bo 
Plau'tus,  ]  ple'tim:  2  pla'tOs,  T.  Macclus    264   i  - 1  B   i 

\  Roman  drama!  Isl .  wrote  numerous  ooi 
play,  1  pie;  2  pla,  t     1. 1     1.  Toe  iipure  or  join  in  (a  game) 
2.  To  put  into  operation  in  a  garni     8.  To  enact    port 
ively.     t.  To  produce  mi  1 I"-  1 1  agi  .  a    a  pla  -      S.    I  - 

act  the  part  of;  enact  as  a  role      (>.  To  event.  .    j 

musical  instrument;  perform  u] I  instru 

iiient      7.  To  put  into  aotion     8.  To  di  charge  contin 
uously  <>r  freely,  a    a    I  rea  m  oi  w  atei      i.  To  u» 
toy;  trifle  with      II.  i.     I.  To  engage  In  anj  exercise 

for  diversion;  frolic;  sport  or  It  i   I       2.  To  take  part  in    i 

game  of  cb  :     benci  .  I  o  garni  ill      :t.  To  acl 

with  ie\  itj  ;  toy;  trifle     *■  To  beat  nm   i  n  in  n 

with  others;  behave;  act;  ftS,  I  &•  T« 


I'l»> 
pluck 


la  |        i      .  i         i  •>;  full,  rttlo;  hot,  bttrn; 

j.  ,>       ,t  ,  ...  ill  I  ..     i.i.;.  i.,.  «on. 


.-•«»« 


play  ■        i 

nubllng 
quick,  fitful 

:i.      |  < 
pla)  'bill",   ■;.      \   LIU  ..r 

pl.ll  .1    IV        . 

plaj   •  r.  I  irt  In  a  game: 

.'    ■  I.  a  performer  on 

•  .   vn  Idler;  ;i  trlfler.    5.  A  gambler. 

plaj    l.l   l    m,  ••■  in  games,  etc      pla)  '- 

—la         ptaj  fui. 

irr  »im  in       pla)    ful-l> .  pla]    fiil-iu-*.  ■       Syn: 

i>i  i>  bouse  .  \  pl.t)  thing*! 

plaj  » right",         \ 
pla'; a,  I.   V  beach      '.'.   \  plain  with  s 

•] .    .  .n  cred    bj  a  shallow 

,  tare  or  marketplace, 
h-  American  tow  Q. 

-|.!..  "\  ..f  Latin  origin  used  to  Form   I 

-bit,  <  L.  -plus,  -fold; 

|.|.  i.  1.  In  act  of  pleading,  or  that  which 

^  n  argument  or  entreaty  to  obtain  some 

■  .  ..r  its  grou 

\     lit  or  urii.in.    [  < 

•.       Be  kPOLOQT. 
•  ch,  r.     I.  (.    To  plait  (VU1( 

feti..  -  irbor;  also,  to  form  or  cover 

ii  .  i  ■■  Interweave:  said  of 

bra:,  l  .  plalssier,  <  L.  pUclu,  weave] 

I'l.   i'l.  nr    .  lrrt-u.    colloq.) 

.  pUSd,  PLKD;   i'Li.ad'ini;.]     I.  t.    1.  To 

advi'  .; ..fiit  ..r  persuasion;  argue;  uxg 

or  defense.    3.  T.» 

II.  I.  "iini-nt 

To  make  or  present 

am:.-    '       -'1     •: raw  up  formal  allegations.     (3)  To 
file  a  pleading. 

Syn_-  advocate,  argue,  ask.  beg,  beseech,  entreat.  Implore, 
pret>-  )  to  employ  argument 

or  persuasion,  or  both.  In  his  behalf,  usually  with  ear 

mnarly  one  may  be  said  to  plead  for  hlm- 

■    to    ■  •  ad  a  case; 

■.(•;  In  populai 
plea  -npiics  some  appeal  to  tti«-  feelings,    One 

grounds  and  supposahly  with 
f  both  sides;  he  advocates  one  Bide  for  the 
purpose  of  carrying  It.  and  under  tin-  Influence  of  motives 
that  may  range  all  the  way  from  cold  self'Interesi 
bHt*1*^  an>!  p  Uses;  he  pleads  a  cause,  or  pleads 

feeling.      /(• 

pion  imply  Impassioned  earnestness,  with  di- 
.ind  tender  a)  leratloofl      Pri 

and  urge  !:.  !  or  perhaps  authoritative 

denol  ing  merely  an  at- 
tempt to  -<  msent  or  cooperation,  boi 
by  sordid  or  corr  . ;  u  LEO! .—  Prep.:  plead 
with  the  tyrant  fin                         plead  against  the  oppressor; 

court ;  in  court. 

pi-  i'l  ■  r.         pleading,  n.     1.  The  act  of  making  a 

plea.     1.   1  formal  written 

staff  .     Any  one  of  such 

■  -ly,  adt. 

1.  A  retired  garden; 
pi.  at '  inn"  •  !  .    i  be  teeUng  ■  ' 

pleased:  that  wh.  ills. 

pic  i-   u. i.  i  1  ples'sut;  2  pUSs/ant,  n.    1.  Giving  or  pro- 
pta   mi  .  ■».  Conducive  to  merri- 

■■tant,    <  L.  placen<t-)s,  ppr.  of 
plnceo,  please.) 

Synj  agreeable.  .    -.denatured,  kind,  kindly, 

obliging,  pleasing,  pleasurable.    That  Is  pleasing  from  which 
plea.-  be  received,  without 

I    In  that  which  confer"  It ; 
as.  a  pUmtng  plr • 

active  qua   ■  ■    pleasure  Is  pleasant;  as.  a 

ptcatant  \>r>  ■  As  applied 

to  persons,  pleasant  always  refers  to  a  disposition  reai 
desirous  to  please;  one  Is  pleasant,  or  In  a  pleasant  mood. 


«  hen  Inclined  to  make  happ)  those  with  whom  be  la  dealing, 

m, I  do  an)   reasonable  favor,     in  this 

,  i •  ■  1 1  |  lad  reli  is  to  act  or 

Intent,   whllt  n   the  dli  poi  II  Ion     man) 

a I  to  do  :i 

troublesome  Kin. In,  I  I. nir  .,f 

'  tcluall)  glvln 

.  .■  good-natured  people  «  bo 
ding  arc  nol    , 
\  complexion, 

i  face  Indicates  a  a Ind  heart  and 
i  on,  a^  well  as  Kiiuiiu  toolings  in  actual 
.,f  one  usually  good-natured,  "on  that 
Ion  he  did  not  meoi  me  with  a  pleasant  fi 
am  in  the  Bense  ..f  ga\.  merry,  Jocosi  still  re- 

tained in  pleasantry)  la  now  rare,  and  would  nol  be  under- 
stood outside  of  literary  clrt  lea.    Bee  v ■ . n >  i  mi  i  .  miiadle; 

Old  OR  I  mo  i  .  o i  i  n. n  nil, i.,   \  i\  m  i.. i  B 

Ant.-  arrogant,  austere,  crabtx 
big,  dreary,  forbidding,  gloomy,  glum,  I  tteful, 

UUhumored,  UNnatured,  offenalvi  /o,  un- 

kind, unpleasant.     Prep.:  /..,  u  i///.  or  toward  persons;  i 
matter. 

pleas 'an  t-lj .  pleas 'an  t-ness,  n,    pleas'ant- 

r),  a.    |-Ku>'.  ;./  ]    I.  The  spirit  of  put)  fui  and  jocose  com- 
panionship; playfulness,    'i.  a  playful,  amusing,  or  good* 
naiuri'ii  remark,  lest,  or  trick.    s.\n    see  -run  i ,  wrr. 
please,  l  plli ;  2  pli  i  ts'iNo  I    i. 

To  give  pleasure  to;  gratify,    «•  To  be  agreeable  to;  suit. 
:{.   lo  bave  a  preference,    [<  OF.  plaisi'r,  <  L.  placeo, 

I    s.vn.:  see  •  brtain;  indi  loe:  rejou  i 

pleas'lng,  pa     Syn.:  Bee  m.hi nnu  ;  amiable;  lovblt; 
plbabamt.    pleas 'iug-l),  odi      pleas'lng-ness,  n 
plea'surel,  1  pleg'ur;  l'  pleih'ur,  r.    I.  t.    To  give  or  afford 
.:•■  to;  please;  gratify.    II-  (.    To  Bpend  one's  time  In 

ires  plea'sur-a-hlie1',  a.  Syn.:  see  DEL10H1T1  i. 
PLBABAMT.  plea 'sur-a-bl)  ,  adt,  plea  'slir-er,  /.  A  pli  :i- 
suri-sffkiT.     plea'sur-lsft. 

plea 'sore,  In.     1.  An  agreeable  sensation  or  emotion; 

pie 'sure"',  )  mental  gratification.  "'.  Sensual  gratifica- 
tion. S.  A  ii  i  ii-.-ii  nut  in  general.  4,  One's  preference. 
Syn.:  Bee  comfort;  entertainment;  baptdtbss;  bpobt. — 
plea'surcground",  n.  Qround  equipped  for  pleasure  and 
recreation,  especially  s  park  or  garden. 

pleat,  1  pllt  ;2  plBt,  < .  .V  n.    Same  as  PLAIT. 

plebe,  1  pffb;  2  pleh,  n.    1.  [Colloq     I     -  '  \  member  of  the 

lowest  class  In  the  academies  at  West  Point  and  Annapolis, 
'it.  Same  as  PI  I  BS. 

ple-be'ian,  1  pb-bl'en;  2  ple-bfi'an.  I.  a.  1.  Pertaining 
to  the_  common  people,  'i.  Hence,  of  a  lower  kind;  com- 
mon; inferior.  II.  n.  1.  Rom.  Hist.  One  of  the  common 
people.  '-.  \  man  of  no  rank.  |<  L.°*  plebeius.  < 
the  common  people. 1 — ple-be'lan-lsm,  n.  —  ple-be'- 
ian-lze,  if.-  ple-be'lan-ly,  adv. — ple-be'Ian-ness,  n, 

pleb'l-sclte,  1  pleb'i-sit  or  -salt;  2  pK-li'l-slt  nr  -sit.  n.  1. 
French  I'olit.  An  expression  of  the  popular  will  by  a  vote 
of  the  people,  'i.  Bom,  Lair.  A  plcMsiitum.  [<  F.  plibl- 
.  <  L.  plcbs.  people,  +  sciium,  decree,  <  scfo,  know.) 

pleb"l-acl'tum,  l  pleb'i-sal'tom;  2  pleb*l-fll'tum,  n.  [-ta, 
pi.]    Hum.  Hist.    A  law  enacted  by  a  vote  of  the  people.    [L.j 

plebs,  l  plebz;  2  pifbs.  n.  1.  The  lower  order  of  the  ancient 
Roman  people.    2.  The  populace.     [L.,  common  people.] 

pbi  '(ruin,  ]  piek'trtnn;  2  plee'trom,  n.  [plbc/tba,  pi.]  a 
little  Implement  with  which  the  player  on  a  i>  re,  zither,  etc., 
picks  or  striki-s  the  strings  to  Bel  them  In  vibration.  [L., 
pliktrtm,  spur.  <  pli-sso,  strike.]    plee'tront. 

pled,]  pled;  2  pled,  imp.  &  pp.  of  plead,  r.  [Colloq.) 

pledge,  1  plej;  2  plSdg.  I.  of,  [pledged;  pledo'ino.]  1. 
To  place  in  the  possession  of  another  as  security  for  a 
loan.  'I.  To  offer  solemnly,  as  one's  honor  or  word,  as 
security.  3.  To  bind  by  a  promise,  4.  To  toast.  II.  n. 
1.  A  guaranty  for  the  performance  of  an  act,  contract, 
or  duty.  '£.  A  formal  promise  to  do  or  not  to  do  some- 
t Ii i in'  tin  from  intoxicating  liquors,    3.  The 

drinking  of  a  health  or  a  sentiment,  4.  Law.  (1)  A 
d  of  personal  property.  (2)  The  property  so  de- 
Qvered.  [<  OF.  ptege,  <  I.I.  pleaium.]  pledK"ce',  n. 
person  to  whom  anything  Is  pledged.-  pledg'er,  n. 
<  me  who  gives  a  pledge,    pledg'ort.    Syn.:  see  SECURITY. 

pledg'et,  n.  A  little  plug.  (1 1  An  oakum  string  used  In  calk- 
ing. (2  A  wad  of  lint,  cotton,  etc.,  as  for  a  wound.  [Per- 
haps var.  dim.  of  i'l 

Plel'ad,  1  plol'ad  m  pll'ad;  2  pll'ad  or  plC'ad,  n.  [Plei'a-des, 
1  -<llz.  2  -difl,  or  PLEI'ADS2,  pi.]  Aslron.  One  of  the  Pleia- 
des.   [<  Gr.  Pleia(d)s,  <  pleo.e&il.] 

Plcl'a-des,  1  pkd'[or  pllHs-dlz;  2  pll'for  ple']a-de2,  n.  pi. 
A  group  of  stars  in  the  constellation  Taurus,  six  of 
which  are  visible  to  ordinary  sight      [L.] 

I'lel  'o-eeiie,  q 

"lels'lo-cene,  1  pluls'to-sln;  2  plIs'to-cGn,  n.  Gcol.  Theepoch 
following  the  Pliocene  and  succeeded  by  the  Holocene  epoch. 
—  Plels'to-cene,  a.  —  Plels"to-cen'lc,  a  &.n 


1: a=  final;    l  =  hablt2    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  feud;    Chin;    go;    rj  =  eing;    Chin,    this. 
597  2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,'   this. 


play 
pluck 


ple'na-ry,  1  pll'na-n;  2  ple'na-ry,  a.  Full  in  all  respects 
or  requisites;  complete.  [  <  L.LL  plenus,  full.] — ple'na- 
ri-ly,  adv. — ple'na-ri-ness,  n. 

pie-nip 'o-tencet,  re.  Fulness  or  completeness  of  power. 
ple-nip'o-ten'cyt.— ple-nip'o-tentt,  a. 

plen"i-po-ten'ti-a-ry,  1  plen"i-po-ten's"hi-e-n;  2  plen"i- 
po-ten'shi-a-ry.  I.  a.  Possessing  full  powers.  II.  n. 
[-riesz,  pi.]  A  person  fully  empowered,  especially  a 
diplomatic  representative  invested  with  full  powers  by 
a  government;  specifically,  a  diplomatic  representative 
of  the  second  class  ranking  next  below  an  ambassador. 
[<  L.  plenus,  full,  +  poten(t-)s,  powerful.] 

plen'ish,  1  plen'ish;  2  plen'ish,  vt.  [Scot.  &  North.  Eng.]  1. 
To  replenish;  All  up.    2.  To  furnish  or  stock,  as  a  farm. 

plen'ish-ing,  1  plen'isli-in ;  2  plen'ish-ing,  n.  [Scot.]  1.  House- 
hold furniture.  2.  The  household  effects  contributed  by  a 
bride  toward  setting  up  housekeeping. 

plen'i-tude,  1  plen'i-tiud;  2  plen'i-tiid,  n.  The  state  of 
being  full,  complete,  or  abounding;  also,  that  which 
fills  to  repletion.      [  <  L.  plenitudo,  <  plenus,  full.] 

plen'ti-ful,  1  plen'ti-ful:  2  plen'ti-ful,  a.  1.  Existing  in  great 
quantity;  abundant.    2.  Yielding  in  plenty. 

Syn.:  abounding,  abundant,  adequate,  affluent,  ample, 
bounteous,  bountiful,  complete,  copious,  enough,  exuberant, 
full,  generous,  large,  lavish,  liberal,  luxuriant,  overflowing, 
plenteous,  profuse,  replete,  rich,  sufficient,  teeming.  Plenti- 
ful is  used  of  supplies,  as  of  food,  water,  etc.;  as,  "a  plentiful 
rain,"  Ps.  Ixviii,  9.  We  may  also  say  a  copious  rain;  but 
copious  can  be  applied  to  thought,  language,  etc.,  where 
plentiful  can  not  well  be  used.  Affluent  and  liberal  both 
apply  to  riches,  resources;  liberal,  with  especial  reference  to 
giving  or  expending.  Affluent,  referring  especially  to  riches, 
may  be  used  of  thought,  feeling,  etc.  Neither  affluent,  co- 
pious, nor  plentiful  can  be  used  of  time  or  space;  a  field  is 
sometimes  called  plentiful,  not  with  reference  to  its  extent, 
but  to  its  productiveness.  Complete  expresses  not  excess  or 
overplus,  and  yet  not  mere  sufficiency,  but  harmony,  pro- 
portion, fitness  to  a  design,  or  ideal.  Ample  and  abundant 
may  be  applied  to  any  subject.  Lavish  and  profuse  imply 
a  decided  excess,  oftenest  in  the  ill  sense.  We  rejoice  in 
abundant  resources,  and  honor  generous  hospitality;  lavish 
or  profuse  expenditure  suggests  extravagance  and  wasteful- 
ness. Luxuriant  is  used  especially  of  that  which  is  abundant 
in  growth;  as,  a  luxuriant  crop.  Compare  adequate;  am- 
ple; enough. — Ant.:  deficient,  drained,  exhausted,  impov- 
erished, inadequate,  insufficient,  mean,  miserly,  narrow, 
niggardly,  poor,  scant,  scanty,  scarce,  scrimped,  short, 
small,  sparing,  stingy,  straitened. 

— plen'ti-ful-ly,  adv.— plen'ti-ful-ness,  re. 

plen'ty,  1  plen'ti;  2  plen'ty.  I.  a.  Existing  in  abun- 
dance. II.  n.  1.  The  state  of  being  abundantly  suffi- 
cient. 2.  As  much  as  can  be  required.  [  <  L.OF  pleni- 
ta(t-)s,  <  plenus,  full.)  Syn.:  see  comfort;  wealth. — 
plen'te-ous,  a.  1.  Amply  sufficient.  2.  Yielding  in  abun- 
dance. 3.  Characterized  by  plenty.  Syn.:  see  ample. — 
plen'te-ous-ly,  adv. — plen'te-ous-ness,  re. 

ple'num,  1  pli'num;  2  ple'num,  re.  1.  Fulness  of  matter  in 
space;  that  state  of  things  in  which  space  is  considered  as 
fully  occupied  by  matter.  2.  Any  condition  of  fulness  or 
plethora,  or  that  which  produces  it.    [L.] 

ple'o-nasm,  1  plTo-nazm;  2  plc'o-nasm,  n.  The  use  of 
needless  words;  redundancy;  tautology.  [<  Gr.L  pleo- 
nasmos,  <  pleon,  more.)  Syn.:  see  circumlocution. — 
ple"o-nas'tic,  a. — ple"o-nas'ti-cal-Iy,  adv. 

plc"sl-o-sau'rus,  1  plI"si-o-so'rus;  2  ple"sl-o-sa'rus,  re.  [-ri, 
1  -rol;  2  -ri,  pi.]  A  fossil  long=necked  marine  reptile  of  a 
Mesozoic  order.  [<  Or.  pUsios,  near  (<  pelas,  near),  + 
sauros,  lizard.]     ple'sl-o-saurf. 

plelh'o-ra,  1  pleth'o-ra;  2  plelh'o-ra,  n.  1.  A  state  of 
excessive  fulness.  2.  Pathol.  Abnormal  fulness;  reple- 
tion. [  <  Gr.  plethore,  <  plethos,  fulness.]  —  ple-dlor'- 
1c,  a.     Syn.:  see  corpulent.  —  plo-thor'l-cal-ly,  adv. 

plough,  1  piu:2  plu,  v.  &  re.'  [Scot.l  Same  as  plow,    plouchf. 

pleu'ra,  1  phYra;  2  plu'ra,  n.  (-&£,  1  -ri;  2  -re",  pi.)  The 
serous  membrane  that  infolds  tin-  lungs,  [  <  Gr.  pleura, 
rib,  side.]-  plru'ial,  a.— pleu'rl-sy,  n.  Inflammation  of 
the  pleura.— pleu-rit'lc,  a.  plea'ron,  n.  [-ba,  pi.]  Zool. 
a  lateral  part  or  process.— pIeu"ro-pneu-mo'nl-a,  re.  1. 
A  contagious  disease  of  cattle,  characterized  by  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  pleura  and  of  the  body  of  the  lung.  2.  In  man, 
pleurisy  combined  with  pneumonia. 

Plev'na,  1  plev'na;  2  plev'na,  n.  A  (own  In  Bulgaria;  pop. 
21,000;  captured  by  Russians  from  Turks.  Deo.  id.  1*77 

plex'us,  l  pleks'trs;  2  pleks'us,  re.  [-us  "■  I  I  '.  pi  I  1.  A 
network  or  Interlacement;  a  ('(implication  of  parts.  2. 
Moth.    A    set.  of  cqii.-it  inn      i      i  'ninplni  c|  .,•    Hie   rela- 

tions between  a  set  of  Quantities.  :t-  An  Interlacement  ol 
cord=llke  structures,  as  nerves.  [!..]  plcx'l-form,  a. 
Having  the  form  of  a  plexus;  complicated.    [-(-  -FORM.] 

plf.,  pIlL,  pltfr.,  ahbr.    Plaint  lit. 

pli'ant,  1  plai'ant;  2  pli'ant,  a.  1.  Capable  of  being  bent 
or  twistud  with  ease;  supple;  litho.    '£.  Easily  yielding  to 


influence;  tractable.  [F.,  <  L.  plican(t-)s,  ppr.  of 
plico,  fold.]  Syn.:  see  docile;. supple. —pli'a-bl(ef,  a.  1. 
Easily  bent  or  twisted.  2.  Easily  persuaded  or  controlled 
Syn.:  see  docile;  supple.— pli"a-bil'i-ty,  n.  pli'a-bl(e- 
nesspf.— pli'a-bly,  adv.— pli'an-cy,  n—  pli'ant-ly,  adv 
— pli'ant-ness,  n. 

pli'ca,  1  plai'ka;  2  pli'ea,  re.  [pli'c.e.  1  -si;  2  -ce.  pi.]  a  fold 
or  ridge.  [<  L.  plico,  fold.]— pli'cate,  a.  Plaited;  folded 
in  plaits  like  a  fan,  as  a  leaf,  pli'eat-ed;.— pli-oa'tion, 
re.     A  folding,  or  that  which  is  folded,     plic'a-turet. 

pli'er,  1  plai'ar;  2  pli'er,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which 
plies.    2.  pi.  Small  long=jawed  pincers  for  bending. 

plights,  1  plait;  2  pllt,  vt.  1.  To  promise  formally  and 
earnestly,  as  one's  word.    2.  To  betroth. — plight 'er,  re. 

plight^,  vt.    1.  To  plait  or  weave.    2.  To  combine  mentally. 

plight1,  n.  A  solemn  engagement;  betrothal;  pledge. 
[<  AS.  pliht,  pledge.] 

plight2,  re.  A  condition,  state,  or  case:  usually  distressed 
or  complicated.     [<  L.op  plicitus,  pp.  of  plico,  fold.] 

Plin.,  abbr.    Pliny. 

plinth,  1  plinth;  2  plinth,  n.  1.  The  slab,  block,  or  stone 
on  which  a  column,  pedestal,  or  statue  rests.  2.  A  thin 
course,  as  of  slabs,  usually  projecting,  beneath  a  wall. 
[<  Gr.  plinthos,  brick,  tile.] 

Plin'y,  1  plin'i;2  plln'y,  n.  I.  P.  "the  Elder,"  Galus  Pllnlus 
Secundus  (23-79),  a  Roman  naturalist;  perished  at  the 
destruction  of  Pompeii.  2.  P.  "the  Younger,"  Galus  Plln- 
ius  Ciecilius  Secundus  (62-110),  a  Roman  orator;  author 
of  Epistles,  etc. 

Pli'o-cene,  1  plai'o-sin;  2  pli'o-cen,  a.  Geol.  Of  or  pertaining 
to  the  fourth  of  the  series  of  strata  in  the  Tertiary  system. — 
Pli'o-cene,  n.— Pll"o-cen'ic,  a. 

plis'kie,  1  plis'ki;2  plls'kl,  re.  [Scot.]  1.  A  condition  or  plight. 
2.  A  mischievous  trick. 

plod,  1  plod;  2  plod,  vt.  &  vi.  [pLOD'DEDd;  plod'ding.]  To 
walk  over  heavily;  proceed  with  toil.  [  <  Ir.  Gael,  plod, 
pool.] — piod'der,  re. 

plop,  1  plop;  2  plop,  of.  [Prov.  Eng.]  To  fall  into  water  sud- 
denly.— plop,  n.    The  act  or  sound  of  plopping. — plop,  adv. 

plot1,  1  plot;  2  plot.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [plot'ted11;  plot'tino.J 
To  lay  plans  for  the  accomplishment  of:  usually  in  a  bad 
sense;  form  a  plot;  conspire.  II.  n.  1.  A  secret  plan  to 
accomplish  some  questionable  purpose;  conspiracy.  2. 
The  series  of  incidents  forming  the  skeleton  of  a  story, 
play,  or  poem.  [Abbr.  of  complot,  ult.  <  L.  complici- 
tum,  entanglement.] — Syn.:  see  brew;  plan. — plot 'tor,  n. 

plot2.    I.  vt.    [pLOT'TEDd;  plot'ting.]    1.  To  locat 
map  or  chart;  make  a  map  or  chart  of.  2.  To  stake  off  in 
plots,  as  land.     II.  n.     1.  A  piece  of  ground  Bel    apart, 
platj.  2.  A  surveyors' map.  3f-  Aspot.     (<  AS.  plot.] 

Plo-tl'nus,  1  plo-tai'nus;  2  plo-ti'nus,  n.  A  Greek  philoso- 
pher (2047-270?),  the  greatest  of  the  Neo-Platonlc  school, 

plout'er,  1  plaut'ar;  2  plout'er,  of.  [Prov.  Eng.  iV-  Sent.]  To 
dabble,  spatter,  or  paddle  in  mud  or  water. 

plov'er,  1  pluv'ar;  2  plov'er,  n.     A  shore-bird,  having 
long,  pointed  wings  and 
a  short  tail. 

plow,      >  1   plau;  2  plow. 

plough,  \  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1. 
To  break  up  or  turn  up 
the  surface  of  (land)  with 
a  plow;  till.  2.  To  work 
with  or  as  with  a  plow; 
cultivate.  3.  To  furrow 
or  score  the  surface  of,  as 
with  a  plow.  4.  To  use  a 
plow,  or  form  by  a  plow. 
II.  n.  1.  An  implement 
(usually    drawn    by 

horses   or   oxen,  or   by   mechanical    power)    for   cut- 
ting,   turning  over,  stirring,  or   breaking    up   thi 
See  agiucultukk.     2.  Any  implement   that   operate! 
like  a  plow,  as  one  of  various  Furrowing  or  grooving 
tools.      -t.    Figuratively,    agriculture.     I<    AS.    pldh, 
plowland.]    plow'a-i>lic,  a     plow 'boy",  n      I  boy  who 
drives  or  guides  a  team  In  plowing;  benoe,  a  young  rustic, 
plough 'boy":-    plow  'or,  r».    plough'ert.    plow'land", 
n.     i.and  Bultable  to  be  plowed;  land  thai   Is  plowed 
plow 'ma  ii,  n.  One  who  plows;  a  rustic    plough 'man  t. 
plow 'share",  n.    The  blade  of  a  plow    plough '•hare"!. 

ploy,  1  plei;  ::  ploy,  ».  [Bool  I  I.  Bport;  merrymakii 
Employment     |  Ibbr   < >r  bmploy  I 

pluck4, 1  pluk;  2  pluk,  «  '•  '  I.  To  removi  by  a  quick 
pull  or  jerk;  pick,  2.  To  strip  completely,  as  by  pulling 
nut  feathers,  8.  To  twitch  4.  Todrawoi  drag  down 
or  away  from  a  position,  ■'»•  [Cojloq  I  In  Enali  h  uni- 
versities, i"  rejeot  at  an  examination.  II.  i  To  give  .-l 
sudden  pull      I  •     \s    pluccian,  pluck  I     pluck 'er,  n 

pluck,  n.    1.  Confidence  and    piritmthi  ti F  difficulty 

or  danger;  courage.    2.  The  heart,  liver,  aud  lungs  ol  au 


Plover. 


plug 
poltll 


'     u  I  i         i  i  .  .  I  in  o     not.  Or 

,  .         ,  ,  i       i  .  fy.fi  ill 


full,  rule;  but,  l>Orn; 
.  .    I       B;  gO,  not,  or,  won, 


f>9H 


plurk    >. 

pluc.                             1. 

'• 

' 

plum.                                       i 

III    II  4..1 

i  iplrltod. 
in.  k  i-n. «a, 
D«ii  i>.  ri  i  ..  ..is..  ]      1'.. 

II.  1.    \u\  limit;. 

■ 
\n\    Worn 

I 
plug       llli    l>. 

■ 

llillig 

plum       plum  pudding.  ■ 

pill   in  .  '  •r.  ,>lumc    [I.  ! 

I'll!    Ill   l_.   .  I.i 

tume;  adorn- 

mi  J 
plumb,  I.  I.  To  teal  the  perpen- 

plum  .  with  a  plumb-line.    2.  To  make 

■t.    i  rtain   the 

i.  aiding) 

1 1. 

I .  ipright ;   vertical   ..r 
Uoq  ]  fully  qualified; 

III  I .         lumb-bob  ..r  plum- 

lk'1  toa  plumb-line; 

l\ .  t  vertical  direc- 

■,    <  L.  plum- 
bum, plumb    ii..ii".    .       ill.-  weight 
p.  Iliir. 

tucb  a  weight  I-*  suspended  to  test 
:.  ptb  .if  some  thing. 
|.    mi..  \  rat  rule  furnished  with  n  ,„ 

i  which  masons  '  '"I; 

the  verticallty  ol  their  work.     "■  f[<'C""'"<e-. 
pllllii-h.i  go.  1  I  ■  V'..;  2  plum-b&'gO,  n.  Ii:]..' 

dVpencus,  etc  .  "r 
A...  <  plum'  plum-tMur't-nous,  a 

plum'be-oaa,  1  plomtM-oa;  2  plum'be-us,  a.    1.  Resembling 
ored.    [<  L.  plumbeous,  <  plum- 

plumb'er,     i  1  plum'sr;  2  pl&m'er,  n.    One  who  makea  a 

I>lu in  imr  .  ol    plumbing. — plumb 'er-y,   n. 

I .    .  •  plumbing.    'I.  A  plumber's 

!.     •  ulu.irk. — plumb'lng,  n.    1.  The 
art  o(  putting  Into   buildings  the  tanks,  pipes,  etc.,    fur 

m  .if  a  building, 
plum  Ihhii.  .  pi  m:2  plam'bdm.  n.    Lead:  ao  called  in 

pharmacy.      (L.)-  plum  'Ihiii».         •  Pertaining  to  or 

iiiy  in  its  lower  vali 
plum  rui.    •.         \    hybrid    fruit   produ  Ing    the 

plum  and  the  apr 

plume,  1  plum;  2  plum.     I.  at.     [iivjikii;  ri.t  m'in<;.]     1. 

■  hen  of.    2.  To  adorn  aa 

with  plumes;  decorate  with  fine  cloth       3.  I      elicitate 

:  reflexively.    4.  To  strip  of  plumes,  :i-  birds. 

II.  l.  er  worn  as  an  ornament;  a  tuft 

i.  II •  r.  Three    feathers,    unless    more   are 
:{.  A  part  of  featherdike  form.    4$.  Plumage. 
•">  .  ration  of  honor.    (F.,  <  L.  pluma,  .-mall  Boft 

plumelet,        I.  OrniOi.  a  plumule.    '■ 
ling  a  little  plume      plu  'nn  . 
pin  iiii-p.il.    i    ;    I'nu-ped;  L'   plu'ml-ped.     I.  a.     n 

II.  n.    A  plumlixil  bh*d,  as  an  owl.    [<   L. 
.  toot.]     plu'nil-pede:. 
plum 'met.  ]  t;  2  plum'et,  n.    1.  A  piece  of  lead  or 

enable    t'.    a    lirie    for    making 
ills  to  tie-  vertical,  etc, ;  a  plumb* 
;.    '.  plumbrule.    3t.  A  weigh! 
plu  in"-'  .  or  plu-mos',  a. 

i  •;.  Having  fh 

me  of  a  feather.    •'!.  Resembling 

plumes.    [  <  L.  piunvi  ru  .   <  pluma, feather.]     plu'moust. 

plump'.  1  plump:  2  pl'imp.   t.     1. 1.     I  o  plunge 

iddenly.     2.  To  utter  abruptly.     II.  i. 

To  plunge  or  fall  suddenly,   forcibly,  or  heavily.     [  <    L. 

plumbum,  lead.] 

plump    .        1. 1.    To  make  plump;  distend;  puff.    II.  i.    To 

••  plump,  a.s  i  '  flesh. 

plump  .  the  full;  somewhat 

fat.     [MK .  plomp.  rude.)     Smj  see  BOUND.  —  plump'!), 
plump'm  --. 
plump  .         '  -.ri  or  qualification; 

wnright.    !  -  plump 'l\. 

plump  .  ■       \  closely  united  group;  a  cluster  or  clump, 
plump  .  -downfall.  [<  plump1,  i  i 

plump,  •.  and  forcible  manner;  unexpect- 

edly and  with  some  weight. 


pin  mule,  1   plQ'mlul;  8  pin  mm.  n      t.  OmUA    \  feather 

ha\  in  ii..      I,   \    mall  plumodlke  p  u  I 

i  ' .  rudimentary  or  first  hud  ol  an  embryo;  the  iirnt 

bud  of  a  young  plant  above  the  ootyledoni     ,      I    plumtda, 

dim   ol  pluma,  feather  1 
plunder.   i   plun'der;  2  plun'dar,     I.  if      I.  To  take 

propertj  from  bj  violonoo;  pillage;  rob,    K»Tosaia<  bj 

.    \\. 

II.         i.   iiiai  which  is  tak.ii  by  plundering     I,  The 

boot:       ■'•  I    !   ■  "■   '      B.J  P 
l„  !  i  ,,,,/,  r,  intuit  ui.  i,  ii  (impel  \  | 

Bsra    i t\.  pillage,  prey,  rapine,  robbery,  spoil,  stolon 

nn   propertj      plun'der-er,   n       \   freebooter; 

■  I    ROBBER. 

plunge,  1  plmij,  2  pluiir.  '       [PLI  m.iii,  ii  i  -...'is..  I     I.I 

To  thrust  or  throw  suddenlj  into  water  or  the  like:  used 
also  figuratively  11.  i  I.  I"  jump,  dive,  ol  ru  h,  1 1 
into  something  thai  submerges  '.'.  To  leap  forward 
headlong,  as  a  horse;  to  fall,  or  l>r.-ak,  as  ■  wave,  8<  l" 
.I  abruptly,  as  a  eliiT.  (<  F.  plonger,  <  LL. 
*plumbico,  <  L.  plumbum,  lead.] 

plunge,  n.  1.  The  act  ol  plunging;  a  Lap;  dive.  2.  A 
sudden  and  violent  motion,  as  ■  > t  a  breaking  wave. 
s.\  p.:  see  immi  asi  plung'er,  n,  i . « >ne  «  ho  or  I  bal  which 
plunges;  any  appliance  having  or  adapted  for  a  plunging 
motion,  'i.  [Slang.]  A  brilliant,  capricious,  or  reckless  bet- 
ting man.     :t.   [Slang  !    Mil     A  ravalrvman 

plunk.  1    pltmk;  2  plfink,  V.     I.i.    [Colloq.]   To  hit   heavily  or 

suddenly.    II.  f.    To  elicit  a  thud  or  twanging  sound 

plunk,  n.  [Colloq.]  I.  A  heavy  hit.    9.  A  dollar, 
plup..  plupf.,  ojbbr.    Pluperfect. 
plu'perTect,  1  pla'purfekt; 2 plu'peVfeet.    La,  Gram. 

Bzpressing past  time  prior  to  some  other  past  time.    II. 

n.   The  pluperfect  tense.    [  <  L.  plus,  mora  +  pbbfbct.] 

pllir..  nhhr.     Plural,  plurality. 

plu  'nil,  l  plQ'rel;  2  plu'ral.  I.  a.  1.  Containing  or  con- 
sisting ol  more  than  .me.     2.  Gram.  Denoting  r. 

than  oni  :  opposed  tn  singular .    II.  n.    The  plural  num- 
ber, or  a  word  in  the  plural  number.    (  <  L.°*  pluralia, 
plus  t/'/t/r-),  more.]  —  plu'ral-lsm,  n.     1.  The  condition 
of  being  plural,    'i.  Anglican  Ch,  The  holding  of  more  than 

One  ecclesiastical  living  at   one  time.      .\.    I'liilim.    The  doc- 
trine  that    then-   is  a    plurality  of   ultimate  substances,  as 

spirit  and  matter;  opposed  to  monism.-   plu'ral-M,  n.    I. 

/;   Ch.   imc  who  holds  more  than  one  ecclesiastical 

benefice  at  the  same  time,    'i.  Any  one  who  holds  a  plurality 

ol  offices.   S.  Pltttos.  One  who  holds  the  tl n  of  pluralism 

4.    Imong  the  Mormons,  one  who  has  more  wives  tha 16', 

plu"ral-ls'tlc,  /; .  —  plu-ral'1-tj,  n.  (-tik.s?.,  pi.)  1.  The 
state  of  being  plural.  2.  The  larger  portion  or  greater  num- 
ber. S.  HT.  8.]  Ptiltt.  The  greatest  of  more  than  two  num- 
bers, whether  It  Is  or  Is  not  a  majority  of  the  whole;  also,  the 
excess  of  the  highest  number  of  votes  cast  for  any  one  candi- 
date over  the  next  highest  number.  4.  Same  as  pluralism, 
2,  .">.  Polygamy. — plu'ral-lze,  o.  [-ized;  -iz'i.ni;.]  I.f.  I. 
To  make  plural;  express  in  the  plural.  2§.  To  multiply  or 
manifold.  II.  i.  Eccl.  To  be  or  become  a  pluralist. 
plu'ral-lsej.  -  plu'ral-lz"er,  n.  Eccl.  A  pluralist,  plu'- 
ral-ls'Vr;. — plu'ral-ly,  adv. 

plu'rl-syt.  n.    Same  as  PLEUBIBT. 

plus,  1  plus;  2  plus,  a.  1.  Having  an  addition  (of);  in- 
creased i  by)  :  opposed  to  minus.  2.  Being  or  indicating 
more  than  nothing;  above  zero;  positive.     [I..,  more.] 

plush,  1  plush;  L!  plush,  n.  A  cloth,  usually  of  wool  or 
rot  t.,n,  having  a  long  cut  pile  on  one  side.  [  <  L.F  pilus, 
hair.]— plush 'y,  a     Having  a  surface  like  plush. 

Plu'tareb,  1  plu'tfirk:  2  plu'tare,  n.  A  Greek  moralist  and 
biographer  (467  1207);  P  .  etc. 

plu'tar-chy,  1  pl0'tfir-ki;2  plu'tar-ey,  n.  I-hiiks.  pi]  Gov- 
ernment by  the  rich:  a  form  of  oligarchy.  [<  Gr.  ploulos, 
wealth,  +  archO,  rule.] 

Plu 'to,  1  plu'to;  2  plu'to,  n.  Rom.  Myth.  The  god  of  the 
underworld;    husband    of    Proserpine;    the   Greek    I  lades. — 

Plu-ton'lc,  a  l.  Pertaining  to  Pluto,  the  god  of  the  under- 
world, or  ills  kingdom  of  Hades;  hence,  subterranean  and 
fiery.  1.  Qeol  Pertaining  to  Igneous  rock-structures; 
subterranean  in  original  position;  crystallized  at 
gnat  depths  I'lu-to'nl-an:.  Plutonic  theory,  the  doc- 
that  the  principal  phenomena  of  rock-structure  are 
Chiefly  due  to  Igneous  agency.     Plu'to-nlsm}. 

plu-toc'ra-ey,  1  plu-tok'rd-si;2plu-t6€'ra-cy,  n.  [-ciE8z, 
pi  ]  \  class  in  a  community  who  control  the  govern- 
ment bv  t  h.ir  wealth.  [  <  Or.  ploutos,  wealth,  +  krateo, 
rule  I     plu'to-crat,  n.  —  plu"to-crat'lc,-l-cal,a. 

riu'tiis.  l  plO'tUS;  2  plU'tUS,  n.  Gr.  Mvlh.  The  personifica- 
tion  of   riches 

plu'vl-al,  1  plii'vi-al;  2  plu'vi-al,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  rain; 
rainy.  2.  Arising  from  the  action  of  rain.  [<  L.  plu- 
■  ■  piuvia,  rain.]    piu'vi-ous:. 

pluM-o-.  1  |ilu'vi-o-;  2  plu'vi-o-.  From  Latin  plurla.  rain:  a 
combining  form .  —  plu"v!-om'e-tcr,  n.  An  Instrument  for 
measuring  the  depth  of  rainfall.    [+  -meter.]— plu"vl-o» 


1:8=  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  oi<t;    oil;    lu  =  fcud;    cliin;    go;    Ij  =  sin0;    thin,   this.  plug 

599  2:  wolf,  dfl;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,   this.         point 


;/,  cleats  t 


t  Blipj.ilig. 


met'rlc,  a.    Pertaining  to  the  measuring  of  rainfall. — plu"- 
vl-om'e-try,  n.    The  art  of  measuring  rainfall. 

yly,  1  plai;  2  ply,  v.  [plied;  ply'ing.]  1. 1.  1.  To  work  at 
with  steadiness.  2.  To  use  with  diligence.  3.  To  make 
the  subject  of  repetitious  action;  as,  to  ply  one  with 
questions.  II.  i.  1.  To  go  back  and  forth;  make  trips. 
2.  To  be  busy.  3.  To  proceed  in  haste.  4f.  To  bend 
or  yield;  twist;  incline.     [  <  F.  plier  (  <  L.  plico),  bend.) 

ply,  n.  [pliesz,  pi.]  1.  A  web,  layer,  or  thickness,  as  in  a 
carpet,  cloth,  or  the  like.     2.  A  bent  or  bias. 

Plym'outli,  1  plim'afh:  2  plym'oth,  n.  1.  A  city  of  E.  Massa- 
chusetts; pop.  12.150;  landing«place  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers. 
2.  A  seaport  and  naval  station  in  Devonshire,  England;  pop. 
113,134.— Plymouth  Rock,  the  rock  on  which  the  Pilgrims 
are  said  to  have  stepped  when  landing  from  the  "May- 
flower," Dec.  11,  1620. 

plytet,  v.  &  n.    Same  as  plight. 

P.  M.,  abbr.  Past  Master,  paymaster,  postmaster,  post  meri- 
diem (L.,  afternoon).  —  pin.,  abbr.  Premium. — p.  n.,  abbr. 
Promissory  note. — pneum.,  abbr.    Pneumatic,  pneumatics. 

pneu-mat'ic,  1  niu-mat'ik;  2  nQ-mat'ie,  a.  1.  Pertaining 
to  the  science  of  pneumatics, 
or  to  machines  or  devices  in 
which  its  laws  are  exemplified. 
2.  Pertaining  to  or  containing 
air  or  gas,  especially  com- 
pressed air;  as,  a  pneumatic 
tire.  3.  Containing  air,  as  the 
bones  of  birds.  [  <  Gr.  pneu- 
matikos,  <  pneuma,  breath.l 
p  neu-  mat  '1-calt. — pneu- 
mat'1-cal-ly ,  sfe-pneu- 
mat'lcs,  n.  The  branch  of 
physics  that  treats  of  the  mechan- 
ical properties  of  gases. — pneu"- 
ma-tol'o-gy,  n.  1.  The  science 
of  spiritual  existence.  2t.  Pneu- 
matics. —  pneu"ma-to-log'lc, 
-1-cal,  a.  —  pneu"ma-tol'o- pneumatic  Tire  (sectional 
gist,  n.  view). 

pneU-niO'ni-a,     1     niu-mo'ni-a;      a,  endless  wire  [spring  to  hold  tire 

2  nii-mo'ni-a,  n.  Inflamma-  firmly  in  pia«e;  t,  floating  flap-,  <•, 
tion  of  the  lung*tissue,  charac- 
teristically accompanied  by 
fever,  local  pain,  cough,  etc.  [  <  Gr.  pneumonia,  < 
pneumon,  lung.] — pneu-mon'lc.  I.  a.  1.  Affected  with 
pneumonia;  pertaining  to  pneumonia.  2.  Pulmonary.  II. 
n.    Medicine  for  diseases  of  the  lungs. — pneu"mo-nlt'Ic,  a. 

Puoin-penli ',  1  pnem-pen';  2  pnom-pen',  n.  A  town,  capital 
of  Cambodia;  pop.  45,000.  Pa-nom-peng'};  Pnum 
PenhJ.  [sea. 

Po,  1  po;  2  po,  n.    A  river  in  N.  Italy;  418  m.  to  the  Adriatic 

P.  O.,  abbr.    Post-office,  Province  of  Ontario. 

Po-a'ce-ae,  1  po-e'si-i;  2  po-S'ce-e,  n.  pi.  Bot.  A  very  large 
family  of  annual  or  perennial  herbs  —  the  grass  family. 
[<  Gr.  poa,  grass.)  — po-a'ceous,  a. 

poach1*,  1  poch;  2  poch,  vt.  &  vi.  To  cook  (eggs)  by 
breaking  the  shell  and  dropping  the  contents  into  boil- 
ing water. 

poach2,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  rob  of  game;  take  game  or  fish 
unlawfully.  2.  To  intrude  upon  unlawfully;  encroach. 
— poach 'er,  n. 

poach3',  !).  I.  t.  To  tread  into  mire  or  miry  holes,  as  wet 
ground.  II.  I.  To  become  miry  and  soft.  [  <  P.  poc/ier, 
poke,  <  LG.  pokcn,  poke.]    polch ', . 

poach'y,  1  pocn'i;  2  poch'y,  a.  Easily  trodden  Into  holes  by 
cattle;  soft  and  miry:  said  of  land,   -poach 'l-ness,  n. 

Po"ca-hon'tas,  1  pO'ks-hen'tss;  2  po*ea-hon'tas,  n.  An 
Indian  princess  (1595  1617),  daughter  of  Powhatan,  a  Vir- 
ginian chief;  she  saved  the  life  of  Captain  John  Smith. 

po 'chard,  1  po'dhsrd;  2  po'chard,  n.  A  seaxluck,  having  the 
head  and  neck  reddish,  found  in  America.  Europe,  and  South 
Africa.    [<  poach2,  v.) 

pock,  1  pok;  2  p6k,  n.  1.  A  pustule  in  an  eruptive  disease, 
as  in  smallpox.  2f.  Smallpox.  [  <  AS.  poc.]—  pock'- 
mark",  n.     A  pit  made  by  smallpox,     pock 'marked",  a. 

OOCk'ft,  1  pok'et;  2  pok'et.  Id.  vt.  I.  To  put  into  a 
pocket;  enclose  in  a  case  or  cavity.  2.  To  appropriate, 
3.  To  accept,  as  an  insult,  without  resentment.  II.  n. 
1.  A  small  bag  or  pouch;  especially,  a  pouofa  attachi  'I  i  " 
a  garment,  as  for  carrying  money,  2.  Hence,  figura- 
tively, pecuniary  means  or  interests.  3.  A  cavity,  open- 
ing, or  receptacle.  (1)  Mining.  A  oavity  containing 
ore.  (2)  The  trap  of  a  fish«weir.  4.  iero  ^.localized 
condition  of  the  atmosphere,  due  io  varying  ; ami  irn  gu 
lar  air=curronts,  by  which  a  machine  suddenly  drops  as 
if  into  a  hole,  the  scecalled  "hole  in  the  air  "  [  <  P. 
pocliet,  dim.  of  poche;  see  POUCH.]  pock'et-book",  n,  I. 
a  small  book  or  case  for  carrying  monej  and  i ,.-i i n  tm  in  the 

pocket;    wallet..     '£.   Money  or   pecuniary   resources.  —  p.< 
kulfe,  n.     A  knife  with  folding    blades.       p. -money,  n. 


Money,  as  an  allowance,  for  occasional  expenses,     [manteau. 

pock-man'tle,  1  pok-man'ti;2  pok-man'ti.  n.  [Scot.]  A  port- 
pock  'y,  1  pok'i;  2  pok'y,  a.    1.  Pertaining  to.  resembling,  or 
affected  with  smallpox.    2.  Syphilitic,     pock'lsh:. 

pod,  1  pod;  2  pod.  I.m.  [pod'ded1';  pod'ding.]  1.  To  fill 
out,  as  pods.  2.  To  produce  pods.  II.  rt.  1.  Bot.  A 
seed-vessel  or  capsule  of  a  plant;  a  legume.  2.  A  flock 
or  collection  of  animals,  especially  of  seals,  walruses,  or 
whales.  3.  The  lengthwise  groove  in  certain  augers, 
bits,  and  gimlets.     [Cp.  pad1,  n.]  [bining  form. 

pod-,  1  ped-;  2  pod-.    From  Greek  pous  (pod-),  foot:  a  com- 

P.  O.  D.,  abbr.    Pay  on  delivery,  Post-office  Department. 

po-dag'ra,  1  po-dag'ra  or  -de'gra;  2  po-dag'ra  ur  -da'gra.  n. 
Gout  in  the  foot.  [<  pod-  -(-  Gr.  agra,  seizure.]— po-dag'- 
ric,  -rl-cal,  a.    Pertaining  to  podagra. 

podg'y,  1  pej'i;  2  podg'y,  a.    Dumpy  and  fat:  pudgy. 

po'di-um,  1  po'di-um;2  po'di-um,  n.  [po'di-a,  pl.\  I.  A  low 
wall  serving  as  a  substructure  for  a  range  of  columns  'i. 
Anat.  &  Zool.  A  foot.  3.  Bot.  A  support  as  a  foot  si  a  Ik. 
[L.,  <_Gr.  podion,  dim.  of  pous  (pod-),  foot.] 

Poe,  1  po;  2  po,  Edgar  Allan  (1S09-1S49).  An  American  poet 
and  novelist;  The  Raven. 

po'em,  1  po'em;  2  po'fm,  n.     A  composition  in  verse, 
characterized  by  imaginative  thought  and  artistic  con- 
struction; hence,  figuratively,  any  prose  composition 
having   poetic   qualities.      [  <    Gr.   poiema,    < 
make.]     Syn.:  see  poetry;  song. 

po'e-sy,  1  po'i-si;2  po'e-sy.  n.  [Archaic or  Poetic]  1.  Metrical 
composition;  poetry.  2.  The  art  or  Faculty  of  writing  poetry. 
3t.  A  motto  or  conceit  engraved  on  Jewelry.  [<ir.F  poiesis, 
<  poieo,  make.]     Syn.:  see  poetry;  song. 

po'et,  1  pq'et;  2  po'gt,  n.  One  especially  endowed  with 
imagination,  the  power  of  rhythmical  or  metrical  ex- 
pression, and  the  creative  faculty  or  power  of  artistic 
construction;  out!  who  writes  p'oems 

Syn.:  bard,  minnesinger,  minstrel,  rimer,  rimester,  singer, 
troubadour.    Compare  synonyms  for  POETRY. 

— po'et-as"tcr,  n.  An  inferior  poet;  a  mere  rimer.  — po'- 
et-ess,  n.  A  female  poet. — po-et'le,  po-et '1-cal,  a.— po- 
et'1-cal-ly,  adv.— po-et 'les,  n.  The  rules  and  principles 
of  poetry. — po'et-lze,  v.  [-ized;  -iz"inc;.]  I.  t.  To  turn 
into  poetry;  make  poetic.  II.  i.  1.  To  compose  poetry.  2. 
To  exercise  a  poetic  imagination.— po'ct-shlp,  n. 

po'et-ry,  1  po'et-n;  2  po'et-ry,  n.  1.  The  form  of  litera- 
ture that  embodies  beautiful  thought,  feeling,  or  action, 
in  rhythmical  and  (usually)  metrical  language  2. 
That  which  is  poetic.  3.  A  work  metrically  composed. 
[  <  OF.  poetrie,  <  LL.  poetria,  <  L.  pacta,  poet] 

Syn.:  meter,  metrical  composition,  numbers,  poem,  poesy, 
rime,  song,  verse.  In  ordinary  usage,  poetry  Is  both  Im- 
aginative and  metrical.  There  may  be  poetry  Without  rinu  . 
but  hardly  without,  miter,  or  what  In  some  languages  lakes 
its  place,  as  the  Hebrew  parallelism;  but  poetry  Involves,  be- 
sides the  artistic  form,  the  exercise  of  the  fancy  or  imagina- 
tion in  a  way  always  beautiful,  often  lofty  or  even  sublime. 
Failing  this,  ttiere  may  be  verse,  rinu.  and  meter,  bul  aoi 

poetry.      In   a  very  wide  sens.'  poetry  may  be  anything  that 

pleasingly  addresses  the  Imagination;  as.  the  poetry  or  mo- 
tion. There  is  much  in  literature  thai  IS  beautiful  and  sub- 
lime in  thought  and  artistic  in  construction,  whlcb  Is  yel 
not  poetry,  In  the  strict  sense,  because  quite  devoid  of  the 
element  of  son?,  whereby  poetry  differs  from  the  most  lofty, 

beautiful,    or   Impassioned   prose.     Compare   HI  DEB;   BONG 

— Ant.:  prosaic  speech,  prosaic  writing,  prose. 
poh,  1  po;  2  po.  inter).     Pshaw!  bah  I  an  expletive  Blgnlf] 
ing  disgust  or  contempt  [the  ground  root  of  the  tarn. 

po'l,  l  po'i  or  pel;  2  pOI  or  p61,n.  [Hawaii.]  A  food  made  fr 

poign'anl,  1  pein'ent;  2  poin'ant,  a.    Severer}  painful  or 

distressing.     [F]    Syn.:  see  violent,    -ly,   adr      polgn'- 

an-cy,  n.   Severity,  as  of  pain  or  grief.  Syn.:  see  \ trca. 

pol"lu\  1  pwo'iii';  2pwa"iii',«.  ik. |  Hairy;  bearded  u  ed 
substantively  to  designate  French  soldiers  who  have  done 

service  at  the  fronl  or  In  the  Ireiiclie 

Poln"ca"re',  l  pwnh'kn're':  2  pwaft'ea're/,  Raymond 
(1800-        ).    A  Frenoh  statesman;  President  1013 

poln-set 'tl-a,    1    pelD  B6t'l  ■  '.     2  polii-sei'l  a,  n         \   Ml  tlOaD 

shrub  with  rich  red  leaf-like  bracts 

polnl1,  1  point;  2  point,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  f  urnj  h  with  a 
point ;  sharpen.  2.  To  make  pungent  oi  piquant  give 
point  to,    3.  To  extend  oi  din  ct  at,  i  m  oh 

iect,  place,  etc  [aim     4.  To  show  (a  person)  then 

by  the  extended  finger,    5.  Todireot  attet n  to 

oate     8>  To  punctuate     1.    w. .■•>,.■.  ,     I  p  611 1  finish 

carefully  the  joints  oi  with  mortal  ll.  '  I-  1  o  direct 
attention  by  or  as  by  the  extended  Bngei    with  out     'i. 

To  indicate  thi   i igidlj 

looking  toward  It,  as  a  buntlng*doa     Byn     ee  \> 

point .  ii     I.  Thi     bat  p  end  ofa  thing,   i    ■  '•   it 

thorn     2.  An  object,  aa  a  tool  oi  instrument,  having  a 

■harp  or  tapering  end;  in   En|  I  |]  in  B 

railway 'switch;  hence,  in  t  he  plui  "■  itch 

:t.   \  tapering  traol  ol  land  extending  outward  from  a 


Ill 


II.  \ 

II  Unit   of  COUI   '         I    • 

■  !l  It    llllils  u:lt 


I  t. 


\      4.    \  !■■  ■■■■  incnl 
.1.    . 

'■• 
'.- 
s.   \  )■•• .   -■■  grade,  limit, 

.Mii'iil:ir 

■ 

IS.    \  mark  mad 

irk   of  punctuation, 


the  33  divi- 

ujlo  t  idjacenl 

illuti    al  coui  iss 

is  .  to  have  position. 

19.  Prini    A   unit    m 

•ci.  []  of  an  ani- 

II.  1    .    ■      I      ;    .  ■     ' 

in.  OUST*  NCI    i  no;  rone 

.hi  standard  a)  item  ol  slses  for  1 1 pe« 

•  whirh  are  equal  to  ;t.">  centimeters,  one 

-  adopted  bj   the   rype»foundera' 

Under  this  system  the  « »i»l 

.v  iVpoln! ».  i> 

See    rrpi       polnt'- 

hlank'.    i.        I.   limed  dlrectlj  al  tin- murk     St.  Hence, 

1 1 .  mtal  line   hence,  directly. 

,„,int  , -,i.         |,  .point.    2.  Piquant    -i.  Umed 


la.   \  •  17. 


;  •■  /     ;• 
polo  I 


Pointers. 

rataltitta 


PutoTtl 

the    man  (Alpha. 


P«>liu  .Tippm      ,1  .,        i      i        .i        i  poll  0    not   Br;  tall,  rttle;  but,  bOrn; 

pollen  .....       tat,  «l<at.  §11;  mi  .  •     .  •  *     ■      ...»    Dr.wAo  8M 

with   rolk«etymolog~)   from    Prenoh   ,       m,  flab,     u  . 
ten  I 
Fol  1 1  era',  i  pwo't  \  .  ii  \  c,f  \\    central 

■  •    pop  41,000;  here  the  i  nullah  defeated  the  Krenoh, 

Hept    IS    ' 
poi  trel,  1  pni'tre);  2  pol'trfil,  a,    The  armor  formerl;  medto 

protect  the  broa  I  of  :.  war^nom      I      Ol    pottrat,        i 
bi  ■  ixtplate,  •    pectui .  breast  I 
poke.  L  pole;  2  pAk,  i      [pored1;  pok'ino.]    I.  t     I.  To 

push  oi  thrust  againsf  or  into     '!■  I 'o  thrusl  or  push  In 

,.r  out     :i-  I  o  urge  by  a  push,    II.  i.    To  bo    luggj  blj 

.4  groping!}  .  hence,  i"  dawdle      [Prob  of  '  el!    origin  | 
pokes         '•    I  '"    "''  ol  pushing     '.'•    \  oollai  with  an 

attachment,  to  keep  animals  from  pas  ing  fences,  etc 

:t.  One  who  moves  uuggishlj ; :.  dawdler. 
poke*f  n.    The pokeweea     [Am    Ind  ] 
polte*i        I.  \  p  oi  bag.    *•  The  air-bladder  ol 

a  fish,    [Prob  of  Cell  origin..]  [bonnett. 

poke1,  n.     A  large  bonnet  with  projecting  front,     poke 
poll  'it  .  1  p>  '   bi    2  pflk'er,  n     One  wl t  thai  which 

pokes;  especially,  an  iron  rod  foi  poking  a  fire 
pok'er',  n.    A  game  of  cards  in  which  the  players  bel  on 

the  value  or  supposed  value  of  their  hands,  the  winner 

Knifing  the  pool 

pok'er  ,  n.  [Colloq.l  Any  alarming  objeoi  or  apparition;  gob- 
iin.  bogle,    [i  p    Dan.  pokker.  the  devil.] 

pok'er-lab1.  a.    Causing  or  tending  to  alarm.  1-ly.  adv. 

pok'er>lsh>,  a.  [CoUoq.]  Still  <>r  unbending,  like  a  poker. — 

poke 'weed",  1  pok/wld";  2  pok'wBd",  r».  A  stoui  i»  ren- 
nial  herb  of  the  United  States  having  dark*purple  ber- 
ries and  a  poisonous  ro<  ii . 

poking,  1  pOk'io:  2  pOk'Ing.  1.  pa.  1.  [Colloq.]  Drudging; 
servile;  mean  2.  Projecting.  II.  n  The  action  of  the 
verb  ,-  •  pok'lng«stlck''t.  "•  A  rod  used  to  adjust  the 
ol  rufls 

pok'y,  1  pBk'i;  2  pflk'y.  a.  [pok'i-br;  pok'i-ist.]  [CoUoq.]  1. 
Lacking  life  or  spirit;  dull;  slow.  Z.  [Eng.]  Bbabby  -i. 
[Eng.]  Cramped;  stuffy,    pok'eyi.  [politics 

Pol.,  o66r.     Poland,   Polish,     pol.,  pollt.,  abbr.     Political, 

po-Iac'ca,  l  po  lak'o:2  po-l&e'a,  ".  A  three-masted  Mediter- 
ranean vessel,    [It.]    po-lac'rej. 

P» 'lark,  1  po'iuk;  '2  po'iak.  n.  1.  a  Poiutuicr:  an  archaic 
nam.-.    •;.  a  Polish  Jew,     Po'lack,  a.    Polish. 

Po 'laml.  1  pO'lsnd;  u'  pB'land,  n.  1.  An  ancient  kingdom  of 
N  central  I  urope;  2s2.nnO  sq.  m  ;  capital.  Warsaw  _ '.'.  \ 
province  of]  uropean  Russia;  43,804  sq.m.:  pop.  12,247,600 
In  AustnvQerman  occupation  alnce  1916.  Partition  ol 
Poland,  either  of  three  divisions  ol   Poland  made  between 

Austria.  Prussia,  and  Russia  (1772.  1793,  and   1796).  In  1815 

the  Congress  o(  Vienna  gave  the  largest  part  of  Poland   to 

la      Po'land-er,  n. 

polar,  1  pd'lsr;  'Z  po'lar,  a,    1.  Pertaining  to  the  pi 

a  sphere,  as  of  the  earth;  coming  from  or  found  near  t  he 

th  or  south  pole.     2.  Pertaining  to  the  poles  of  a 

magnet  or  other  center  of  attraction  or  repulsion.    :j. 

Having  or  proceeding  from  a  point  of  radiation 

i 

POU  ;.  n.\  —  polar 
bear,  a  large,  am- 
phibious, w  bite  bear 
..f  arctic  regions.-  - 

po-lar'l-scope,     n. 

An  optical  i"  tru- 
ment  for  exh 
or  measuring  the 
polarization  oi 
light,  po-lar'l-ty, 
n.  1.  The  quality 
of  having  opposite 
poles  2.  Thai  qual- 
ity of  a  body  by 
which    it.s   Bmallesl 

nave  certain   properties  related  to  a  line  of  direction 
through  Its  mass,  the  properties  at  one  end  of  this  line  being 

Iteto  the  properties  al  the  other  end  of  It.  aslntunagnet. 

It.  'I  In-  i|  ual  if.  of  being  attracted  to  one  pole  a  nd  repelled  from 
the  other.  4.  In  optics,  polarization.— po"lar-l-za'llon  or 
-sa'tlon,  n.    I.  The  act  ol  polarizing,  or  the  state  ol  being 

polarized;  bestowal  or  acquisition  of  polarity,  2.  OpttCS. 
A  condition  Ol  radiant  energy,  most  noticeable  In  ll(.-lit.  In 
which  some  of  It.s  properties,  especially  capacity  for  trans- 
mission and  reflection,  are  different  in  different  directions. 
:i.  Elee.  A  molecular  strain  in  a  dielectric,  as  of  a  Leyden 
Jar.  by  the  attraction  Ol  the  electricities  on  Its  opposite  faces 
or  by  electrostatic  stress.— po'lar-lze  or  -Ise,  vt.  [-IZBD, 
-i/."i-.o.  -is'iNo.)  To  develop  polarity  In;  bring  to 
opposite  conditions  corresponding  to  opposite  poles. 

Po-la'rK  1  po-ie/ns;2  po-la'ris,  n.    The  pole-star. 

pole,  1  pol;  2  pol,  V.  [poled;  poi/iMi]  I.  t.  1.  To  push 
or  propel  with  a  pole,  as  a  boat.  2.  To  bear  on  poles. 
.'{.  To  furnish  with  poles.  4.  To  stir  with  a  pole.  II.  i. 
To  use  a  pole;  push  a  boat  with  a  pole. 


»t  a  i 
ph».«;.- 

polni  'ctM]  . 
polat  •  I  nasi  i 
point  .  r.  I 

or  that  which  poll 

' 
•  -nt    and 

_     \   hand  or  lndex«flnger. 
rwoatan  m  the  eon- 

.    Major,  who--   connecting    line  points 
rutr.  2.  One  ol  various  smaU  tools  or  instru- 

A    useful     bll     of     informal. on:     liint 

point  Man-'.  made   b'    hand   and  wholly  with 

•   lace,     point  'It-**,  a      \\  Ithoul  a 
Sra_-    see  hunt;   hat.     polntlese-ly, 
polnt'i. —  dcss,  -.      polnto'naan,    «.    [Gt   Hrit.)  a  man 

iwltchman. 
point  d,ap"pui'.  1  pwan  da'pwl';  2  pwanda'pwi'.n    [Fr.]  A 

' 
point    mI.-vIcc'   .  1  i>.dnt'-di-vols':  2  point'-de-vlc'.  n.     Bcm- 
pul<>  .  point  '=d«-vlce',  ar'r.    Pre- 

p.dnt   -il.->ise't. 

]    I.  t.    1.  To 
-    in  equilibri  i 
;t.  I     Bndtl     wi  ighl  of  by  bal 
figuratively,  to  ponder.     4.  To  weigh  down;  oppress. 
1 1  ispended:  hence,  to  be  in 

poti,   <  L   pentum,  weight  ) 
I,,,,.,  .         i.  r  quality  of  being  balan 

.  lanimity;    repose.      3.    A     balance* 

I.    Any 

position  that  indicates  suspe"1''''' 

motion. 

poison,  1  pei'sn; 2 poj'sn    l.vt    1. 

:.t    with 

injure  or  kill  with 

Feet    with    any 

-ipting    or    pel  veiling    influ- 

.  also,  to  prejudice;  mislead. 

II.  at   when 

• 

nozkroa  mai  ms  not  me- 

injury: 
[OP".,     <     L.    ; 
tlon  '      pof-on-.r.  .   f.r  thai   Which  DO 

[iol"-on  4*1  > ,  n      An  American  Climbing  plant. 
•  -umac.  with  h 
In  . - 

to  many  persons  by!  P 

oak::     p.-uni  M     ■  pol'- 

-on-ou-.   a       Syn.:    Kl 
»tjME  —  poi '-on -on—  I]  . 

pol'son-on-- ii.  --.  [>•■  Polaon-sumac 

imUfi     n  1.    A    BhT 

small  tree  of  swamps  In  the   United   States  and  ' 
leh.    2.  Polson«lvy. 
po'i-"sarde',   1    pwa'sSrd';    2   pwa'sard'.  n.     A  thief  (with 
pitchy  Angers,;   a  low  woman;    especially, 


flsh'woman: 


1:8=  final;    1  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  f<?ud:    Cliin;    go;    r)  =  smff;    thin,   this.  point=devioe 
601  2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this.  pollen 


pole1,  n.  1.  A  long  slender  piece  of  wood  or  metal,  com- 
monly tapering  and  more  or  less  rounded.  2.  A  linear 
and  surface  measure;  a  perch  or  rod.  [  <  AS.  pal,  <  L. 
pains,  stake.]  Syn.:  see  stick.  —  pole'=clipt"t,  a.  Sur- 
rounded or  supported  by  poles:  said  of  a  vineyard. 

pole2,  n.  1.  Either  of  the  extremities  of  an  axis  of  a  sphere; 
especially,  one  of  two  points  where  the  axis  of  rotation, 
as  of  the  earth,  meets  the  surface.  2.  Either  of  the  polar 
regions  of  the  earth.  The  north  pole  is  the  N.  extrem- 
ity of  the  earth's  axis,  which  was  reached  by  Peary,  Apr. 
6,  1909;  the  south  pole  is  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
earth's  axis;  it  was  reached  by  Amundsen,  Dec.  16, 
1911,  and  by  Scott,  Jan.  17,  1912.  3.  One  of  two  points 
at  which  opposite  qualities  are  concentrated.  4.  The 
pole=star.  5.  Zool.  The  extremities  of  an  egg.  [<Gr.L 
polos,  <  pelo.  be  in  motion.] — pole'sstar",  n.  The  bright 
star  near  the  north  celestial  pole,    polar  start. 

Pole3,  ra.    An  inhabitant  of  Poland. 

Pole,  Reginald  (1500-1558) .  An  English  cardinal  and  states- 
man; archbishop  of  Canterbury. 

pole 'ax",  1  pol'aks";  2  pol'aks",  n.  An  old  weapon  con- 
sisting of  an  ax,  or  a  combined  ax  and  pick,  set  on  a  long 
pole.    [  <  MLG.  polexe,  <  pol,  head,  +  exe,  ax.] 

pole 'cat",  n.  1.  One  of  certain  wcaseMike  carnivores, 
noted  for  a  fetid  odor  when  irritated  or  alarmed.  2. 
Some  similar  car- 
nivore, as  a  skunk. 
[  <  F.  poule  (see 
pullet)  +  cat:  from 
Its  habits  of  chicken* 
stealing.] 

pol.  econ.,  abbr.   Polit- 
ical economy.  Polecat.  V» 

po-lem'ic,  1  po-lem'ik;  2  po-lSm'ie.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to 
controversy;  disputatious,  po-lem'i-calt.  II.  n.  1. 
A  controversial  writer.  2.  A  controversy.  [<  Gr.  po- 
lemikos,  warlike,  <  polemos,  war.] — po-lem'i-cal-ly,  adv. — 
po-lem'lcs,  n.  pi.    The  art  or  practise  of  disputation. 

po-lice',  1  po-lls';  2  po-lic'.  I.  vt.  [policed'1;  po-lic'- 
ing.]  To  place  under  the  control  of  police;  guard  with 
policemen.  II.  n.  1.  A  body  of  civil  officers,  especially 
in  a  city,  organized  under  authority  to  maintain  order 
and  enforce  law.  2.  The  whole  system  of  internal  regu- 
lation of  a  state,  or  the  local  government  of  a  city  or 
town.  [F.,  <  Gr.  politeia,  polity,  <  polis,  city.]  — 
po-lice  'man,  n.     [-men.  pi.]    A  member  of  the  police. 

pol'i-cy1,  1  pel'i-si;  2  pol'i-gy,  n.  [-ciesz,  pi.)  1.  Pru- 
dence or  sagacity  in  the  conduct  of  affairs.  2.  A  course 
or  plan  of  action,  especially  of  administrative  action. 
3.  Any  system  of  management  based  on  se]f=interest  as 
opposed  to  equity;  finesse  in  general;  artifice.  [  <  Gr. 
politeia,  polity.]    Syn.:  see  polity. 

pol'i-cy2,  n.  [-ciesz,  pi.]  1.  A  written  contract  of  insur- 
ance. 2.  [U.  S.]  A  gambling=game  in  which  cert  .tin 
numbers  (12  or  13)  are  drawn  from  a  possible  78,  bets 
being  made  as  to  what  combinations  will  appear.  [  <  F. 
police,  policy.] 

pol"i-o-my"e-ll'tls,  1  pori-o-mai"i-lai'tis;  2  p6I"l-o-my"e-H'- 
tis,  n.  Pathol.  Paralysis  due  to  inflammation  and  atrophy  of 
the  gray  matter  of  the  spinal  cord. 

pol'isb,  1  pol'ish;  2  pol'ish.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  make 
smooth  or  lustrous,  as  by  friction;  render  polite  or  ac- 
complished. 2.  To  take  a  gloss;  hence,  to  become  polite 
and  elegant.  II.  n.  1.  Smoothness  or  glossiness  of  sur- 
face; finish.  2.  A  substance  used  as  a  polish;  a  varnish, 
3.  Refinement  of  manner  or  style.  [<  L.OF  polio,  pol- 
ish.] Syn.:  see  politeness. — pol'ished,  pa.  1.  Made 
smooth  by  polishing.  2.  Naturally  smooth  and  glossy.  3. 
Refined  and  polite.  Syn.:  see  fine;  polite;  smooth. — 
pol'lsh-er,  n.  [II.  n.     The  Polish  language. 

Po'lish,  1  po'lisTi;  2  po'lish.    I.  a.    Pertaining  to  Poland. 

po-lite',  1  po-ltiit';  2  po-IIt',  a.  1.  Exhibiting  in  manner 
or  speech  a  considerate  regard  for  others.  2.  Finished 
and  elegant  in  style.  [<  L.  politus,  pp.  of  polio,  p<  >\\  b  | 
Syn.:  accomplished,  civil,  complaisant,  courteous,  courtly, 
cultivated,  cultured,  elegant,  genteel,  gracious,  obliging, 
polished,  urbane,  well=behaved,   well-bred.  well-mannered. 

A  civil  person  observes  such  propriety  of  speech  .•mil  manner 
as  to  avoid  being  rude;  one  who  Is  polite  (literally  polished) 
observes  more  than  the  necessary  proprieties,  conforming  lo 
all  that  is  graceful,  becoming,  and  thoughtful  In  the  Inter- 
course of  refined  society.  A  man  may  be  ciril  with  no  con 
slderatlon  for  others,  simply  because  self-rcsp<  «-t  forbids 
him  to  be  rude:  but  one  who  Is  poliU  has  at  least  tome  care 
for  the  opinions  of  others,  and  If  polite  in  tin-  highest  and 
truest  sense,  which  Is  coming  to  be  I  he  prevailing  one,  he 
cares  for  the  comfort  and  happiness  of  Others  in  the  smallest 

matters.  Civil  is  a  colder  and  more  distant  word  than  polite; 
courteous  is  fuller  and  richer,  dealing  often  with  greater  mat- 
ten,  and  is  used  only  In  the  good  sense.    Courtly  suggests 


that  which  befits  a  royal  court,  and  is  used  of  external  grace 
and  stateliness  without  reference  to  the  prompting  feeling; 
as,  the  courtly  manners  of  the  ambassador.  Genteel  refers  to 
an  external  elegance,  which  may  be  showy  and  superficial, 
and  the  word  is  thus  inferior  to  polite  or  courteous.  Urbane 
refers  to  a  politeness  that  is  genial  and  successful  in  giving 
others  a  sense  of  ease  and  cheer.  Polished  refers  to  external 
elegancies  of  speech  and  manner  without  reference  to  spirit 
or  purpose;  as.  a  polished  gentleman  or  a  polished  scoundrel; 
cultured  refers  to  a  real  and  high  development  of  mind  and 
soul,  of  which  the  external  manifestation  is  the  smallest 
part.  Complaisant  denotes  a  disposition  to  please  or  favor 
beyond  what  politeness  would  require.— Ant.:  awkward, 
bluff,  blunt,  boorish,  brusk,  clownish,  coarse,  discourteous. 
ilUbehaved,  ill=bred,  ill=mannered,  impertinent,  impolite, 
impudent,  insolent,  insulting,  raw,  rude,  rustic,  uncivil,  un- 
couth, unpolished,  untaught,  untutored.— po-llte'h  . 

po-litc'ness,  1  po-lait'nes;  2  po-llt'nes,  n.  1.  The  quality  of 
being  polite;  courtesy  or  complaisance  of  speech.  2§.  Finish 
and  elegance;  polish. 

Syn.:  affability,  amenity,  civility,  comity,  complaisance, 
courteousness,  courtesy,  courtliness,  decorum,  elegance, 
gentility,  polish,  refinement,  suavity,  urbanity.  See  \u- 
dress.  Compare  polite;  refinement.— Ant.:  arrogance, 
awkwardness,  boorishness,  bruskness,  clownishness,  coarse- 
ness, discourtesy,  impertinence,  impoliteness,  impudence, 
incivility,  insolence,  rudeness,  sauciness,  uncouthness. 

pol'i-tic,  1  pol'i-tik;  2  pol'i-tic,  a.  1.  Sagacious  and  wary 
in  planning;  artful.  2.  Wisely  adapted  to  an  end;  spe- 
cious. 3.  Pertaining  to  public  polity.  4f.  Pertaining  to 
the  state  or  its  government;  political. 

Syn.:  artful,  crafty,  cunning,  diplomatic,  discreet.  Judi- 
cious, prudent,  sagacious,  shrewd,  wary,  wily,  wise.  See 
prudent. — Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  imprudent.  —  po-lit'l- 
cal,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  public  policy.  *i.  Belonging  to  the 
science  of  government.  3.  Pertaining  to  a  party  in  a  state, 
—political  economy,  same  as  economics.-  po-lit 'i-cal- 
ly,  adv.— pol"i-tl'cian,  n.  1.  One  engaged  in  politics;  one 
who  seeks  to  subserve  the  interests  of  a  political  party  mere- 
ly. 2.  One  skilled  in  political  science;  a  statesman,  pol'- 
i-tics,  n.  1.  The  science  of  civil  government.  '2.  Political 
affairs  in  a  party  sense;  party  intrigues,  etc.  3.  One's  po- 
litical sentiments. 

poll-ty,  1  pel'i-ti;  2  pol'i-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi.]  1.  The 
form  or  method  of  government  of  a  nation,  state, 
church,  etc.  2.  Any  community  living  under  some  defi 
nite  form  of  government.  3t«  Policy.  [  <  F.  politic,  < 
Gr.L  politeia,  polity.] 

Syn.:  policy.  Polity  is  the  permanent  system  of  govern- 
ment of  a  state,  a  church,  or  a  societ>  ;  policy  is  the  method 
of  management  with  reference  to  the  attainment  of  certain 
ends;  the  national  polity  of  the  United  States  is  republican; 
each  administration  has  a  policy  of  its  own.  Policy  is  often 
used  as  equivalent  to  expediency;  as,  many  think  honesty 
to  be  good  policy.  Polity  In  ecclesiastical  use  scryrs  a 
valuable  purpose  in  distinguishing  that  which  relates  to 
administration  and  government  from  that  Which  relates 
to  faith  and  doctrine;  two  churches  identical  in  faith  may 
differ  in  polity,  or  those  agreeing  in  polity  may  differ  in  faith. 
See  LEGISLATION. 

Polk,  1  pok;  2  pok,  n.  i.  James  Knox  (179.rj-lS-10),  a  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States.  See  president.  'I.  LeonldM 
(1806-1  slit),  an  American  Protestant  Episcopal  bishop; 
Confederate  general. 

pol'ka,  1  pol'ka;  2  pol'ka,  n.    A  round  dance  in  common 
time,  with  three  steps  to  the  measure ;  also,  the  mu 
it.    (F.] 

poll,  1  pol;  2  pol,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  enroll,  as  voters,  '.  To 
ascertain  the  opinions  of,  as  voters,  a  jury,  etc,  one  by 
one.  3.  To  receive  or  cast,  as  votes  at  the  polls.  4. 
To  pay  as  a   poll   lax.       5.  To   lop;   clip;   shear.       (i|.To 

plunder;    trip,  as  by  excessive  taxation,     II.  i,  To  vote 

at  the  polls.    -  poll'cr,  it.      (  Ine  who  polls,  in  an\ 

poll',  n.  I.  The  head;  hence,  a  person.  '!■  \  li  I  ol  per- 
sons.   3.  The  voting  at  an  election;  also,  the  voti 

registered.    4..  A  poll  lax.     li.  The  Muni  01   nmnd  I  rid  ol 

a  Gammer  or  ax.    [<  Ml),  pol,  bead  |     poll'-lav ',  n 
a  lax  on  the  person,  as  distinguished  from  that  on  pri 

Poll-,  1  pel;2p61,  n      ^ parrot.    Poll'  par 'rot  ; ;  P»l'l>  |. 

pollack,  1  pel'sk;  Z  pol'ak,  n.     \  rood  ash  ol  the  cod 
common  on  both  sides  of  the  North  Atlantic    pol  lock  t. 

pol 'lard,  1  pel'erdj  :.'  pol'ard,    I1.  vt.     I 
into  a  pollard,    II.  »     I.  At  ree  shorn  of  it    top   o  thav 
it  pur.  out  a  di  a  e  head  ol  sli  ndi  i    hoot       '-•   in  ani- 
mal that  ha    lo  I  its  horns.    8,  The  chub     I  •    poi  i  '.  n  \ 

pollen,  1  pol'en;  2  pol'Sn,  n      Bol      Pha  fine  powder 
formed  within  the  anthei  ol  a  flowering  plant:  thi 
undating  element  in  flowering  plants,  gathered  by  bees 

as   food.    See  illus,  on  next   pave     |l..  i Hon,  | 

polll-na'tlon.  n.    The  transfer  ol  pollen  from 

to  Stigmas.      pol"leil-a'tlonl;  pol"leii-l-/a'll<iiil.     pol'- 
ll-nate,  it. 


■  Ilr\ 

ml 


I        it.  fi        i        .        ,        i        in 

i 'i 


..    Si :  full,  rflle;  but,  bora] 

I  I  ii       61.  or.  won. 


(III? 


I 


1 

• 

- 

,...1 

p.ll-llll.   . 

i.  taint, 

irlfy,  re- 
■>• >l - 1  •  ■  i  r.i.  -i> . 

;  ..l-lui    .  r.  |i..l-lll    lion. 

I'.. I    lUI, 

(K)    In.  1  ■ 

ball  and  malleta.    -'.  The 

null  a  rubber 

[eler  and  autbor. 

!•.■  i...  Mr. ..  \  \  enetlan  trav- 

•  pfM'o-lnAs,  n. 

I.  A  i  r  a  walsl  :uiil  an  over- 

march«Uke 
OUsh  woman.    [F.] 

|..~i..'iii-inii. 

(  urle  in  I8S 
rthplace  nf  Mmr.  <  'urle.) 
i  -ii-.  a.   In  Bhaki 

erolt  ipneUa. 
\  City  i.r  s.  Russia. 
f.  ated  Charles  Xll.  of 
7o9. 
ptMrTQM'i    1    i-il-trun';   2   pol-troon',   n.      1.   A 
•  1.     '2.  A  lazy  idler;  all 
■■n,  <  It.  v-  I  ,     pol-troon'- 

■    . 
i  Many;  much.    [<  Or  polys,. 

many.;     pol")-an'dr>,  n.    1.  The  civil  i  ondltlon  ol  lia\  inn 
more  than  one  h  .  ;  order  thai  i. 

piur..  man       poI"y-an  '- 

ilmu-.  |'il    >  -  ui   1 1,  i-.  of 

thos.  Bower.] 

Po-I]  »i  l-u-.  ;  i;  2  po-lyb'i-us,  n.    (2047-122  B.  C.) 

ek  historian. 
■  i.ran'Yhl-a'ta.  I     ■    '..    A  division  of  gastropods 

having  bra:.  tered  over  tin-  I.::. 

pol")-l>raii'clil-ale.     I.  a. 
1.   Having  many  g  :.         or  pertaining  to  the  Poly- 

branchlala.      p<>r)-liranrli:.      II.    n.      A    |>olybrauchlate 
mollusk  or  crustacean.    pol"y-bran'chl-   n   • 
-'  irp.    1    pel'!- 

■  Mi:  martyred. 
pol")-<  ir  'p. mi-.  1  fruit  composed  of  two 

or  n  y   times.     [< 

POLT-  -r  Or.  tar;.  pol '\-rhrome,  n.      1. 

iclatlon  of  sev- 
eral colore,  as  In  decoration.  (  +  (ir  chroma,  color.l— pol"- 
>-i  hrn  'mil  .    .       1 .  colore,  or  cb 

poi")-«-iiro-inat '!"  ;:     poT'jr-ehro'nioua  . 

I  chromium. — 
pol')-<  hro'in;. .  n.     The  art  of  decorating  or  executing  In 

•  '.i*y-< -ir-'tan.  i.    Pertaining 
Polj  i  lei  ii-  i      .i  I  in  •  k  sculp- 

Pol">-deu'ces,  1   pol'i-dia'slz:  2  pol'y-du'cCg.  n.     - 
Pol">-do  'r'l-.    .        .  1-do'rus;  2  pol"y-<Jo'nJs,  n.     Gr    Myth 
.riling  to  Homer,  was  slain 
.Hies 
po-l)K'a-ml-i.  -cm  or  advocate  p.,1 

po-l>*  '.•i-mipii-. 

— Lai"  •;     -ly,  ■•  po-l>K'a-m> .  I. 

The  condition  of  having  more  than  oi  ■ 

2.  Zool.  The  state  of  ha  -  n  one  mate. — 

pol  '> -srlf»t .     I.  a       I.   Expressed  In  several  lariKU 

1 1 .        a  book  giving  versions  of 
the  same  text,  a-  ires.  In  several  la>. 

"'.'a.  tongue.)    por>-z!otl.. 
Pol")i:-no'tu»,  1  per'lg-DO'tUB;  2  pol'yc-no'tas.  n.    A  Greek 

B  '        l'ol">g-no'tan,  a. 
pol')-gon.  n      A  closed  figure  bounded  by  straight  lines  or 
■specially  more  than  four;  a  figure  having  many  angles. 
[<   polt-  -r  Gr.  oGnia,  angle.)  —  po-lyg'o-nal,  a.    po- 


Polj  com 


l)i'ii-n..ii~       pol  >-kiripii.  i.    \  devloe  r..i   repro- 

ducing ■  drawing  or  writing  manj   Hi 

icchaubtm  i»r  multiplying  .>  drawing  or  »n 
or  proline  autl  oi      I.  A  i  ollcetlon  ni  d 

'•'                                  '      I A< — "\,/7 

/        1  \  \          .      / 

L  J  \      *    / 

.  >pii  ,  \__ ' 

p<  -lyg'i  k-pb) .         1.1 

urn. : 

I 

po- 
ly g 'j  -"> .    n        The    rai 
mating,  nr   cohabitation   of   one 

male  « Itl we  than  one  female; 

m)  on  the  pari  ol  thi 

woman  !    i»d">- 

be'dron,  n.     i-mt\  or  -i .>,  pi]     \  solid  bounded  i-y 

plam  more  than   four 

pol"y-he'dral,   a      pol"y-Iie'drlct|     pol"y-he'- 
droust-    polyhedral  angle,  the  angle  formed  by  three 

nr  more  planes  passing  tliroiiL'li  a  point. 

I»c»l"j-h>  iii  'ni-a.  l  pel'i-hlm'm-s  m'nl-a,  n.    Or. 

i  be  nm-i-  ol  in. .u-  sacn  d 
pol'y-math  .         I  person  of  varied  learning.    !•    polt-   I 

<ir  PO-lj  m'a-tliMt.      p<d">-ma(  h  '- 

Icti  a     po-lym'a-thyti  "■     Wide  and  varied  learning 
poi"j-iner'lc,  u.    chim.    of.  pertaining  to,  in-  manifesting 
polymerlsm.-   po-lym'er-lsm,  n.     Chem.     The  propertj 
i  compounds  ol  having  similar  percent- 
imposition  inn  different  molecular  weights.    H    <;r. 
pan       pol'y-morph,  n.    a  substance  or  oi 
that  ma;.  ssBume  anj  one  of  several  forms  or  up. 
<;r.  i)  pofy-mor'pbism,  n.    p<>i"j- r'- 

nhODS,         piil'v-mor'pliic:. 

PoVy-ne'sl-a,  nE'shl-a,  n.    A  regloD 

of  the  Soul;  Including  Hawaii.   New  / 

Samoa.  Tahiti,  and  other  group!        l,ol"\-;ii'''.l-an. 

Por'y-iil'ces,   1    pol "i-ii(ii'sl/.:  2    I  n.     A   son  of 

(i  MUpus;  one  ol  the  Seven  against  Thebes. 

pol")-no'ml-al,  1   pel'l-nO'mi-a!  'ml-al,  n.     An 

expression,  as  In  algebra,  containing  two  or  more  terms,  [  < 
i"  mi  pol"\-iio'iiii-al.  '/ 

pol'yp,  1  pol'ip;  2  A  manyarmed  aquatic 

animal  of  the  radiate  type,  as  a  sea  t  coral. 

[<  Gr.'-  polypous,  <  polys,  many,  +  pous,  foot.) — Pol'y-pl, 
n.  i>i.  Zooph.   Polyps  as  a  group,   -pol'y-pous,  a.    Having 

many  feet  or  roots.— pol 'y-pus,  n.     [-PI,  ;;/.]     1.  Pathol.  A 

tumor  In  a  natural  cavity,  as  the  nostril.    •.*.  \  polj  i> 
pol"y-pet'a-lous,  a.    Bat.    Having  the  petals  free  and  dis- 

tinei.     [<   POLT-   +   <;r.  petalon,  pelal.J  -  pol'y-pliase,  a. 

Blec.    Having  several  phases. 
pol"y-plie'inus,  l   pol'i-fl'mus;  2  pSry-H'mfls,  n.     1.  An 

aiiiinai.  or  sometimes  a  person,  having   bul   one  eye.    2. 

a   large  American  silkworm-moth.     :i.  [P-]   in    Homer's 
chief  of  the  <  lyclopes;  in-  imprisons  Ulysses  and 

his  companions  In  a  cave,  fr escape  alter 

blinding  him  In  his  sleep.    [  <  <;r.  Polj/phimos,  a  Cyclops,  < 

polys,  many.  +  phja.l,  voice.) 
pol "y-phon'le,  a.     Representing  or  having  more  than  one 

sound:  combining  sounds  or  melodies.     [<   poly-  +   Gr. 

phOnS.  sound. 1 — pol'y-pod.     I.  u.     1.  Having  many  feet. 

■i.  Pertaining  to  many«footed  insects.    11.  ».    a  myrlapod 

or  the  like.     [+  Gr.  POUS  [pod-),  foot]      p<>l">-sep'a-lous, 

a.    Hut.    Having  and  unconnected.    [+  L. 

rate.)     pol'y-gperm,  n.    A  tree  bearing  a  many 

l  fruit.    [+  Gr.  •   .  '     pol")-sper'inous,  a. 

Manyeeeded.    pol "y-sper 'malt.     polffy-syI1a-bl(e',  n. 

d  ol  several  syllables,  e  ;  eclally  ol  more  than  three. — 
pol"y-syl-Iab'lc,  a.    Having  Beveral  lertalning 

to    B  i>ol".\-s>l-lal)'i-eal:.     pi»l"y-s)  i'la- 

blsm,  n.    pol"y-8yl-lab'l-cl8mt.    pol"y-syn'de-ton,  n 

■ive  repetition  ol  connectives  or  sonjunctlons. 

■■ui.  I  poi"j-tecli'nic.     I.  a. 

pol"j-teeii  'nl-cal;.      II.    n.      A 

<   and  the  Industrial  arts.    [+  Gr. 

lechni,  art        i»ol">-te<irnl<s,   n.   pi.     The  selences  con- 

technlcal  arts. — pol 'y-the"lsm,  n.    The 

belief  In  and  worship  of  more  gods  than  one.     [  .    (.■ 

god.]-    pory-tlie"lst,    n.  —  pol"y-the-ls'tlc,    pol"y-the- 

Is'tl-cal,  a 

Po-lyx'e-na,  1  po-llks'i-na;  2  po-lyks'e-na,  n.    Class.  Myth. 

txothed  to  Achilles. 
Pol"y-zo'a,  1  pol'l-zO'8;  2  pol'y-zO'a,  n.  pi.    A  class  of  marine 
anin.  ales  by  budding.    [<  polt- 

,  animal.]—  pol"y-xo'al,  a.—  pol"y-zo'an,  a.  &  n. — 
p«l"y-zo'on,  n.    [-ZO'A.pl.]    A  single  polyzoan. 
pom.,  nhbr.    Pomologlcai. 

pom 'ace,  1  pum'is;  2  pom'ac,  n.    Tlie  substance  of  ap- 
ples or  u'ke  fruit  crushed  by  grinding.     [<  LL.  poma- 
cium,  cider,  <  L.  pomum,  apple. 1 
po-ma'ceoub',  1  po-me'sTiua;  2  po-ma'shus,  a.    1.  Relating 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^    aisle;    an  =  out;    oil;    Iu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sires;    thin,   this.         pollex 
303         2:wplf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  pool 


to  or  made  of  apples.    2.  Bot.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  pome,  or 

to  trees  of  the  rose  family  that  produce  pomes.     [<   L. 

pomum,  apple,  or  other  fruit.] 
po-ma'ceous2,  a.    Of,  pertaining  to,  or  like  pomace. 
po-made ',  1  po-med' ;  2  po-mad',  re.    A  perfumed  dressing 

for  the  hair  or  an  ointment  for  the  scalp.     [  <  F.  pom- 
made,  <  L.  pomum,  apple.]    po-ma'tumf. 
po-man'der||,  1  po-man'dar;  2  po-man'tier,  re.     A  perfume* 

ball,  or  perfumed  powder,  formerly  worn  as  an  amulet;  also, 

a  box  for  carrying  such  perfume.     [<  OF.  pomme  d'ambre, 
<  L.  pomum,  apple;  de,  from;  and  see  amber.]    po-man'- 

dersball"t;  po-man'der=box"t;  po"me-am'bret. 
pome,  1  pom;  2  pom,  re.    A  fleshy,  many=celled  fruit  with 

a  core,  as  an  apple,  quince,  pear,  etc.    [  <  L.OF  pomum, 

fruit.] — pome'=wa"terf,  re.    A  sweet,  juicy  variety  of  apple. 

—  po-mol'o-gy,  re.    The  science  of  fruits  and  fruit=culture. 

po'ini-cuP'turef.— po"mo-log'i-cal,  a.     -ly,  adv.— po- 

mol'o-gist,  re. 
pome 'gran-ate,  1  pem'gran-it;  2  pom'gran-at,  re.     The 

fruit  of  a  tree  of  the  myrtle  family  having  a  hard  rind 

and    subacid    red     pulp     with 

many    seeds;    also,     the     tree. 

[<  L.OF   pomum,    fruit;    grana- 

tum,  with  many  seeds.] 
pom'e-lo,  1  pem'i-lo;    2   pom'e-lo, 

re.     [-loesz,  pi.]    A  small  variety 

of  the  shaddock;  grapefruit.  [Per- 
haps of  E.  Ind.  origin.]    pum'e- 

lof. 
Pom"e-ra 'ni-a,  1  pem'a-re'm-a;  2 

pom"e-ra'ni-a,  re.     A  province   in 

N.  central  Prussia;  11,631  sq.  m.; 

pop.  1.716,000;  capital,  Stettin.— 

Pom"e-ra'ni-an,  a.  &  re. 
po-mif'er-ous,    1    po-mif'ar-us;   2 

po-mif'er-us,  a.    Bot.   Pome=bear- 

ing.     [<    L.  pomifer,    <   pomum, 

fruit,  +  Zero,  bear.] 
pom'mel,    )  1  pum'el;  2  pom'el. 
pum'melp, J  I.   vt.      [pom'meled 

or     pom'melled,      pum'meldp; 

pom'mel-ing  or  pom'mel-ling.] 

To  beat  with  something  bulky; 

pound ;  bruise.    Syn.:  see  beat. 

II.  n.      1.   A   knob,    as   at   the 

front  of  a  saddle  or  on  the  hilt 

of  a  sword.      2.  The  butt  of  a 

firearm.    3.  Arch.  A  knob,  boss, 

knot,  or  globular   ornament,  as   on    a    pinnacle.     [< 

OF.  pomel,  knob.]  [dess  of  fruit«trees. 

Po-mo'na,  1  po-mo'na;  2  po-mo'na,  re.  Rom.  Myth.  The  god- 
po-mon'lc,  1  po-men'ik;  2  po-mon'ie,  a.    Of  or  pertaining  to 

fruits.    [<  L.  Pomona,  goddess  of  fruits,  <  pomum,  fruit.] 
pomp,  1  pomp;  2  p5mp,  re.    1.  Magnificent  or  ostentatious 

display,  especially  in  costume,  equipage,  etc.     2t-  A 

grand  procession;  pageant.   [  <  Gr.L+F pomp'e,  asending, 

pomp.]    Syn.:  see  ostentation.— pom'pous,  a.    1.  Marked 

by    assumed    stateliness;    ostentatious;     pretentious.      2. 

Marked  by  ceremonious  or  impressive  display;  magnificent. 

— pom-pos'i-ty,  n.    Syn.:  see  ostentation,    pom'pous- 

nessf. — pom'pous-Iy,  adv. 
Pom'pa-dour,  1  pom'pa-dur;  2  pom'pa-dur,  re.    1.  Marquise 

de   (1721-1764),   Jeanne  d'Etioles,   mistress  and   political 

adviser  of  Louis  XV.  of  France.    2.  [p-J  A  style  of  arranging 

the  hair  by  brushing  it  straight  up  from  the  forehead.     3. 

[p-]  A  style  of  corsage  with  low  square  neck.  3.  [p-]  An  1st  h» 

century  style  of  head-dress  for  women, 
pom 'pa-no,  1  pem'ps-no;  2  pom'pa-no,  re.     A  food-fish  of 

warm  seas,  as  of  the  Gull  <  loasl  and  West  Indies.     [Sp.] 
Pom-pe'il,  1  pom-pe'yi;  2  pom-pe'yt,  re.    An  ancient  city  of 

Italy,  13  m.  S.  E.  of  Naples;  destroyed  by  an  eruption  of 

Vesuvius,  A.  D.  79;  largely  laid  bare  by  modern  excavations. 

— Pom-pc'ian,  a.    Pom-pel 'Ian  t. 
Pom'pey,  1  pom'pi;  2  pom'py,  the  Great  (106-48  B.  C). 

Cneius  Pompeius  Magnus,  a  Roman  general  and  triumvir; 

rival  of  Ca;sar.    See  Phaksalia. 
pom'pl-on,  1  pom'pi-on;2  pdm'pl-on,  n.    1.  [obs.  or  Archaic] 

The  pumpkin.    2f.  A  big  man:  contemptuously, 
pom'pon,  1  pom'pon  or  (F.)  pen" pen';  2  pom'pon  or  <fa 

p6h"p6h',  re.    1.  in  millinery,  a  tuft  or  imii.  as  ol  feathers  or 

ribbon.    2.  Mil.  The  colored  ball  of  wool  on  the  front  of  a 

shako.    [F.,  <  pompe,  POMP.] 
Pon 'cede  Le'on,  1  pon'lhc  de  le'on;  2  pon'lhc  de  le/0n,  .luan 

(1460-1621).   a  Spanish  explorer  .'11111  conqueror;  discovered 

Florida. 
pon'oho,  1  pen'eno;  2  pon'cho,  re.     A  blanket  with  a  hole  In 

the  middle  for  the  head,  worn  by  Spanish'Amerlcans  as  a 

cloak.     See  illus.  In  next  column.     [S.Am.  Bp.] 
pond,  1  pond;  2  pond,  re.     A  body  of  still  water,  smaller 

than  a  lake.    [  <  pound2,  n.\ 
pon'der,  1  pon'dar;  2  pon'der,  v.     I.  I.    To  weigh  in  Hie 

mind;  consider  thoughtfully.     II.  i,     To  reflect;  medi- 


Branch  of  the  Pome- 
granate. 

a,  flowers;  b,  the  fruit;  i 
gitmlinal  E 


1  ut  the  fruil 


tate.  [<  L.  pondero,  <  pondus  (ponder-),  weight,  < 
pendo,  weigh.]  Syn.:  see  consider;  deliberate;  examine; 
muse.— pon'der-a-bKei1,  a.  Capable 
of  being  weighed.— pon'der-ance§,  n. 
Weight;  gravity.— pon 'der-er,  «.— 
pon"der-os'l-ty,  n.  1.  The  state  or 
quality  of  being  ponderous;  weight  i- 
ness;   gravity:  often  used  figuratively. 

2.  Lack  of  animation;  dulness;  verbos- 
ity. 3.  A  thing  of  weight  or  impor- 
tance. Syn.:  see  weight. — pon'der- 
ous,  a.  1.  Having  weight;  unusually 
forcible;  also,  huge;  bulky.  2.  Hav- 
ing great  impressiveness,  as  from 
learning.  3.  Heavy  to  the  extent  of 
dulness;  lumbering;  labored.  it.  Mo- 
mentous; important.  Syn.:  see  heavy. 
-ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

Pon"di-cher'ry,  1  pen'di-sner't ;  2  pon"- 
di-cher'y,  re.  1.  A  French  dependency 
on  the  S.'E.  coast  of  India:  112  sq.m.; 
pop.  166,487.  2.  Its  capital;  pop. 
47.185. 

pone,  1  pon;  2  pon.  re.  [Local,  U.  S.] 
Bread  made  of  cornmeal,  sometimes 
with  milk  and  eggs,    corn  ponef. 

po'nent,  1  po'nent;  2  po'nent,  a.     1.  Poncho,  as  worn  by 
Logic.  Affirmative;  constructive;  posit-         a  Peruvian, 
ing.    2t.  Western;  Occidental. 

pon-gee',  1  pen-jl';  2  p6n-ge',  re.  Soft  unbleached  wash-silk 
made  in  China,  the  product  of  a  wild  silkworm.  [Supposed 
cor.  of  Chin.  pun=ki,  'own  loom.'] 

pon'iard,  1  pen'yard;2  pon'yard.  V.vt.  To  pierce  with 
or  as  with  a  poniard;  stab.  II.  re.  A  small  dagger,  espe- 
cially one  with  a  slender  triangular  or  square  blade.  [  < 
F.  poignard,  <  poing,  fist.] 

pons,  1  ponz;  2  pons,  n.  [pon'tes,  pi.)  1.  A  bridge:  in  Latin 
phrases.  2.  Anal.  A  connecting  part.  [I..]  — pons  aslno- 
rum,  asses'  bridge,  the  5th  proposition  (fig.  1)  of  the  first 
book  of  Euclid's  "Geometry,"  proving  that,  if  a  triangle 
has  two  of  its  sides  equal,  the  angles  opposite  to  those  sides 
are  also  equal  (some  say,  incorrectly,  the 47th-  Bg.  -'.  prov- 
ing that  the  sum  of  the  squares  of  the  base  and  perpendicular 
of  a  right=angled  triangle  is  equal  to  the  square  of  the  h\  pot 

enuse) :  so  called  from  the  difficulty  of  the  del stratum 

tobeglnners.  [<  L.  ponU-)s,  bridge.] 

pon'tagc,  1  pon'tij;  2  pon'tag,  re.  A  bridge-toll  or  -tax.   [( >1 ., 

Pont"char-traln\  1  pen"cnar-tren' ;  2  poh'char-tran',  n.  A 
lake  in  E.  Louisiana;  40  by  25  m. 

pon-tee',  1  pen-tl';  2  p0n-te',  re.    Same  as  pontil. 

Pon'tl-ae,  1  pon'tt-ak;  2  pSn'tl-ac,  n.  An  Ottawa  Indian 
chief  (17207-176!)),  who  made  war  on  the  British. 

pon'tl-fex,  1  pen'ti-feks;  2  p6n'tl-feks,  re.  [-tif'i-ces.  1  -tlf'i- 
slz;  2  -tlf'i-cEs,  pi.]  1.  Rom.  Antiq.  A  member  of  tin'  highest 
priestly  college,  which  had  supreme  jurisdiction  in  religious 
matters.  2.  Eccl.  A  bishop,  especially  the  Pope.  [I...  lit. 
'bridge-builder,'  <  pon(t-)s,  bridge,  +  facio,  make.] 

pon 't  iff,  )  1  pan'tif;  2  pon'tlf,  re.    1.  The  Pope;  also,  any 

pon  'tif, )  bishop.  2.  A  high  priest.  3.  Rom.  Antiq.  A 
pontifex.  [<  L.*  pontifrx,  chief  priest,  lit.  bridge" 
maker.]  —  pon-tlf'lr,  a— pon-tlf'l-eal.  I.  a.  Pertaining 
to  or  appropriate  for  a  pontiff.  II.  re.  1.  A  book  containing 
the  services  conducted  by  a  bishop.  2.  pi.  The  Insignia, 
etc.,  of  a  pontiff.  pon"tl-H-ca'll-at  [LI..].  -  pon-tlf'l- 
cai-ly,  adv. — pon-tif'I-cate,  «.    The  office  of  a  pontiff  or 

pope;  also,  a  pope's  term  of  Office. 

pon'tll,  1  pen' til;  2  pon'lil,  re.  An  Iron  rod  used  in  glass, 
making  to  carry  hot  bottles,  etc.  |l<\.  dim.  of  point;  see 
POINT,  n.]    pon-tee'i;  pon'tyl;  pun'tilt,  snap!. 

pon- toon',  l  pen-tun';  2  pon-to&n',  n,    1.  Mil.   \  flat* 

bott  i)t  1  ii'tl  boat,  air-tight  cylinder,  or  the  like,  Used  in  the 

construction  of  floating  bridges,  to  support  the  road 
way;  also,  a  bridge  so  supported      '-•   \<"'t     \  lightei 

3.  Hydraul.  Engin.  A  tight   reservoir  used  in  rai 
sunken  vessel.     [  <  1,.F  pimtoi  n-),  I  r.'tnsport .    •     y. 

bridge. 1   pon-ton  'j .-  pontoon  bridge,  a  bridge  rupported 

on  pontoons.  I  \    I       iBlfl  M  mor 

Pon'tUS,   1   pen'tus:  2   pon'lus.   ;;.     An   ancient    province  In 

po'ny,  1  po'mj  2  pfi'ny,  ".     [1 \    1,  A  very 

si  nail  horse,  especially  one  .,1  a  Bmall  brt  ed;  hence,  any- 
thing small  of  its  kind;  as,  a  pony  engine     '.'.  I1 

Slang  I  \  1 1  in  I: 11  ued  in  the  preparat ion  oi  d 

8.  [Slang,  Eng.]  The  sum  of  twenty«Qve  pound       i-  \  cen 
small  [1  1 1  It     •  >'     I      '  "  "-v'l 

I".  O.  «>.,  ,//-//;       I'u.t-oillce  ,,rder. 

poo'dlie1',  1  pQ'dl;  2  pfio'dl,  n.    One  ol  a  breed  ol 

haired  d usually  whiti    01   blaok,  often 

great  intt  Higi  at  1      See  doo      I      LG   puds!  ] 

pooh,  1  pa;  2  poo,  tnterj     Bah  I  f oh  1 1    pn     Ing  disdain     [Cp 

Ice.    Jill,    pooh]      poll).       pooh 'pooh",    M     A    1 1         P0   reject 

or  decry  < teinptuouslj  ndy. 

pool,  1  ■■!  1 1 ;  2  pool,  1  1.  I  1  o  pn*  mi"  b  oommon  fund 
to  be  shared.    II. «.    Tofonna] 1 


p""i  1  o  ..        >      .         i        .        ,         i         i  B;  net,  4     fall,  rHU;  bvt,  bvra; 

i     .  .  .     .        i  i     I  .  n>.  not,  Or,  won.     WM 

.nil.   M 

i 

>. 

John 
r       nali, 

I 
II. 

POOP'   dii  k 

poor,  i  ■  '  comfort  ible 

ijuali- 

'■'■ 
I.  ■>. 

i..         erable;  paltry.    I  < 

HI   M- 

poor    linn",  poor " i ■  •  •  1 1 

red  fi >r  at  pun- 
l r'l»h,  poor      poor'' 

I>....r  If.    I.  II. 

I  (.Imperfect       badly.    3.  In  the  man- 

i  poor 'n  ess, 

FMI  Hli  li  ir.l.  nary  author  of 

mln   Franklin 
p.  soldier.  \  .  mi.]  The  friar- 

p.  iplrtted,        Having  little  spirit 

!>.... r  llth.    . 

L  P<  ip'PDJQ  ]      1. 

•  rplode  with 
;.  •  ii  suddenly.    4.  (( !olloq.] 

II. 
1.    \  '.'•  id,  unintoxi- 

■   '1  drink  conf  i  son  di- 

cork  wit  h  an  expli >- 
Ml.  ctedly. 

pop    <  ■  >r 1 1 " .         \  variety  of  maize,  the  ker- 
rowlng  out  (In 
iiiip'nun'.  n    A  tube  with  piston  that  com] 
pop  'per,  n. 
pop  .  -    population. 

|mi|x-  .  I.  Hishop  of  Rome,  supreme 

'  bolic  Church,     'i.  Any  pi 

i-  tdvely,  an  infallibli 

|  <  A.S.  papa, 

l.L.  papa.  <  Gr.  papas,  father.)— pope 'ilom,  n.     The 

or  dominion  of  a  po]  pop'er-y,  n.    The 

•man  Catholic  Church:  opprobrious. — 

pop'i  -  or  popery:  opprobrious. 

Popish  I'lot    Eng.  Hist.),  a  supposed 

Iharles  II.  in  order  to  place 

Pope  .  1  pop:  2  pop.  n      1.  Alexander  .Hiss -1714).  an  En- 
i.  John    I  1822   l  -    - 

poaln-Jay,   :  _■   ■-    .'in-ja,  n.     1. 

.  bird,  formerly  used  as  a  mark     -l.  \ 
i-  pecially,  the  green  wood- 

irrot.] 

pop  I  ir.  ; 

■  !n»,  poplar] 
pop'lin.  :  :         lin,  n.    A  drceB»goods  of  ribbed, 

ing  a  warp  of  .-ilk  and  a 
■oplin.] 
pop"ii-i'  'ii.  li-tCal,  a.  Anai.  Oforper- 

[  <  L.  poples  (pop- 
pop  "ll-l.i-'.il    ;     iiop-lit'ir:. 
I'o-po">  -i-i.    I"  i-l.  ;.'M-I,  n. 

pop    p.   I.  .1 

r.  of  .-I  ppi  i  ] 
pop  'ph  .  I  1  •  Hi)  and  dowi 

bubble;  ripple,    II.  n     '.'    Brit.]  Rippling  tx 

POp'py,  i   pop'i;  2  pop'y,  rt.     [pop'piES*,  pi.]     1.  A  plant 

with  showy  flowers  and  a  white  juice  that  abounds  in 

:i.  The  me- 
;  from  such  a  plant.  4.  The  bright 


•    mi  popp)  -!  ■»•    I   !.'    foiglo\  0 

I        \  popp]  I     pop 'pled,  ■)      I. 

.  .\\\  opium;  le- 
thal •  tiding  in  popp 
pop  pi  •■  hi  k  .  ik",  n    [Slang,  I 

talk .  humbug     [  ■    pop,  n 
pop  ii-i.uT.  L  po|  I  be  body  ol 

the  common  |>eopl  i  ibblo 

HOB. 
pop'n-l.ir.  1   pop'yu-lar;  2  pflp'yu-lar,  I .  I  '■  I 

to  the  people  a i  !.i.>  '!.  w idol j  trusted  oi  adn  ired 
t.  u table  to  tbo  common  people;  easily  ooraprohonded. 
I.   Prevalent   among  the  people.     |-     I.    populw 

iiion;  general       pop'u- 

i.ir  i-ii.         i    <iit ion  of  being  popular     pop'u-lar- 

i/r.  i     •  ake  popularly  acceptable 

pop 'u-l  ir-l-/  i '  --.I'llon,  pop  u-l.ir-l) .     ,i,li . 

pop'o-lar-nessl,  n. 

pop  u-i.i(e,   i   pop'yu-lfit;  2  pftp'yv-lat,  p.     |-i\i"io". 
I.       i .  ii  oish  « it  Ii  inhabitants;  i 

■.'.   i  ■      mpc  i   'he  population  of;  inhabit      II.         1 1 
|<  L.tx  popu/us,  people.]     pop"u- 
i.i  iion.  n     l.  rho  whole  number  of  a  people    I.  The  multi- 
plying of  inhabitants.    syn..-  sc.  peopli      pop'u-lous,  a, 
lining  many  Inhabitants.   -Iy,<ufi     -ness.n, 
Pop'u-llst,  l  pep'yu-llst;  2  pop'yu-llsl    [U.  *  I  I."     Of  or 
People's  party,  a  political  part]  advocating 
Increase  of  currency,  government  control  of  railways,  limi- 
tation of  the  mi  nership  of  land,  mid  similar  measures,    II.  n. 
nber  ol  tin-  People's  party.     I-    L.  pojntlur,  people.] 
I'op'u-llMii,  n.    The  policy  of  the  People's  party. 
por-.  ^  form  of  PBO-;  as,  portend;  portent.    [<  L.por- 

for  Jim-;  sec  PRO-.] 

por 'hca "trie,  1   por'M'gl:  2  p0r/b6*gl,  ».     A  larnc  voracious 
sinrk.    |  •.  i  IP,  pore,  hog,    •    bbaole.] 

pone  lain,  l  perslin  or  p&r'si-lCn;  2  pfirclin  or  pflr'ce- 
lan,  a.    A  translucent  kiml  of  pottery;  ohinaware.    [< 
i         -  ctlana,  porcelain.] 

porch,  1  porch;  2  porch,  n.    1.  A  covered  structure  form- 

ii  entrance  to  a  building,    'i.  An  ancient  covered 

w:ill.  or  portico:  a  modern  name;  hence  |l'-|.  the  stoic 

i  ol  philosophy.    .See  stoic,    '.i.  [Local,  r.  .S.]  A 

veranda.    (<  L.   porticos,  <  porta,  door.) 

por 'cine,  i  1  per'sin;  2  pdr'cin,  a.    Pertaining  to  or  ohar- 

porVin*,  I  acteristic  of  swine.    [<  L.  porcinus,  <  porcux, 
bog.] 

por'eii-plnc,  1  per'kiu-pain;  2  por'cu-pin,  n.  A  large 
rodent, having  the  coarse 
hair  thickly  interspersed 
with  erectile,  quilldike 
-pines,  used  for  defense. 
[  <  OF.  pore  espine;  pore, 
hog;  rxpin,  thorn.]— por- 
iiipnn-  ant-eater,  an 
echidna. 

pore,  1  por;  2  por,  vi. 
[pobkd;  iou'incI  To 
gase-or  ponder  with  close 
and  continued  applica- 
tion, as  in  reading. 

pore,  n.  1.  A  -null  orifice 
or  opening,  especially  a 
minute  perforation  in  a  membrane  or  tissue,  as  in  the 
skin.  2.  Phys.  Set.  A  minute  interstice  between  the 
molecules  of  a  body.  3.  The  spore«he.irini/  tube  in  cer- 
tain fungi.  4.  Any  inlet  or  means  of  adsorption  or 
communication.  [F.]  —  por'l-ness,  r». — po-ros'l-ty,  n. 
1.  The  property  of  being  porous,  po'rou^-ness;.  3.  A 
pore.  —  po'rous,  a.     Having  pores,    -ly,  adv. 

por'gy,  l  pSr/gi;  2  pflr'gy,  n.    [pon'ons*,  pi.]    a  perch. like 

salt-water  or  other   llsh,  as   the  BCUp       I' 'or.   of   Am.   Ind. 

ippauog;  but  cp.  L.  pagrus,  <  (Jr.  pagros,  the  bream.] 

pork,  1  pork;  2  pork,  n.     1.  The  flesh  of  swine  used  as 

food.     'I  '.  A  swine  or  swine  collectively.     [  <  OF.  pore, 

"reus,  hog.]— pork 'er,  n.    A  pig  or  hog— pork'y,  a. 

Pork-like. 

por'phy-ry1,  )  1  por'fi-n;  2p6r'fy-ry,n.     [-BIBS1,  pi  ]   An 

por'fj-rj  '',      i  ick   that   has  a  ground-mass  en- 

elo-ing  crv.-tals  of  feldspar  or  quartz.     [<  Gr.  porphy- 

■'   porphyra,  purple.]  —  por"pliy-rlt'lc,  a.    por"phy- 

rlt'l-ral:. 

Por'phy-ry',  »i    (283  304?)  A  Neo-Piatonlc  philosopher,  who 

opposed  Christianity.     Por-phyr'l-ust. 
por'poise,  i  per'pos; 2  pdr'pds,  n.    I.  \  gregarious  ceta- 
N'orth  Atlantic,  about  5  feet  long,  dusky 
above  and  white  below.      2.  Any  small  cetacean,  espe- 
cially a  dolphin.     I  <  OF.  T'^rp"'*,  lit.  'hog^fish.'l 

por'rldge,  1  per'ij;  2  poVidg,  n.    1.  A  food  made  by  boil- 
ing meal  or  flour  in  water  or  milk  until  it  assumes  a  con- 
ey.    2.  A  broth  or  stew  of  vegetables,  sometimes 


Porcupine.     '/s» 


1:  affinal;    l  =  hab!t;    aisle:    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    eliin;    go;    0  =  suig;    fhin,   this.  pool 

605      2:  wQlf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,    cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.      Portugal 


containing  meat.  [  <  LL.OF  porrata,  leek=broth,  <  L. 
porrum,  leek.] — por'rin-ger,  n.  A  small  dish,  having 
straight  sides  and  sometimes  ears. 

Por'se-na,  1  per'sl-na  or  per-sen'a;  2  por'se-na  or  por-sen'a, 
Lars.  A  semilegendary  Etruscan  king  who  marched  against 
Rome  to  restore  the  Tarquins.    Por-sen'nat. 

portld,  1  pert;  2  port,  vt.  &  vt.  Naut.  To  turn,  send,  or  go 
to  the  port  or  larboard  side;  as,  to  port  the  helm. 

port2d,  vt.  1.  Mil.  To  carry,  as  a  rifle,  diagonally  across 
the  body.  2.  To  carry  or  bear.  [  <  F.  porter,  <  L.  porto, 
carry.) — port'=fire",  n.     A  slo\v=match  or  match«cord. 

port1,  n.  1.  A  harbor  or  haven;  hence,  a  place  of  cus- 
tomary entry  and  exit  for  vessels.  2.  Law.  Any  place 
designated  as  a  point  at  which  persons  or  merchandise 
may  enter  or  pass  out  of  a  country,  under  specified 
supervision.     [  <  AS.  port,  <  L.  portus,  harbor.] 

port2,  n.  1.  An  opening  in  the  side  of  a  ship,  as  for  a  gun, 
light  and  air,  or  for  the  passage  of  cargo.  2.  A  gate, 
portal,  door,  or  other  entrance.  '.i.  Mach.  An  orifice 
for  the  passage  of  a  motive  fluid,  as  air,  gas,  etc.  [  < 
AS.  port,  <  L.  porta,  gate,  door.) 

port3,  n.  The  left  side  of  a  vessel  as  one  looks  from  stern 
to  bow:  formerly  called  larboard. 

port4,  n.  The  way  in  which  one  bears  or  carries  himself; 
mien.    [F.,  <  porter,  carry.)    Syn.:  see  air2,  n. 

port5,  n.  A  class  of  wines,  rich  in  alcohol,  made  in  Portu- 
gal.    [  <  Pg.  Oporto  (city  in  Portugal).] 

Port.,  abbr.    Portugal,  Portuguese. 

port'a-bl(ep,  1  port'9-bl;  2  port'a-bl,  a.  1.  That  may  be 
readily  carried  or  moved.  2t-  Endurable;  supportable. 
[<  L.ll  porto,  carry.]— port'a-bl(e-nessp,  n.  port"a-bil'- 
i-tyt-  —  port'a-bly,  adv. 

port 'age,  1  port'ij;  2  port 'ag,  n.  1.  The  act  of  transport- 
ing, especially  by  boats  and  stores,  from  one  navigable 
water  to  another.  2.  The  place  of  such  transportation, 
or  that  which  is  transported.  3.  The  charge  for  trans- 
portation. [F.,  <  LL.  portaticum,  carriage,  <  L. 
porto,  carry.] 

por'tal,  1  por'tal;  2  por'tal,  o.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  enter- 
ing at  a  port  or  gate.  2.  Pertaining  to  or  arranged  like 
the  portal  vein.  [<  LL.  portalis,  of  a  gate,  <  L.  porta, 
gate.] — portal  vein,  the  large  vessel  that  conveys  blood 
from  the  intestines  and  other  abdominal  viscera  to  the  liver. 

por'tal,  1  por'tal;  2  por'tal,  n.  1.  A  passage  for  entrance; 
entranceway;  especially,  one  that  is  grand  and  impos- 
ing. 2.  The  architectural  composition  that  includes  the 
entrances  and  porches  of  a  large  church  or  similar  build- 
ing.    [OF.,  <  L.LL  porta,  gate.]     Syn.:  see  entrance. 

port'ancef,  n.    Personal  carriage;  deportment;  mien. 

Port  Ar'thur.  A  fortified  port  of  S.  Manchuria;  captured 
and  held  by  Japan  since  1905. 

por'tasst,  n.    A  prayer=book;  breviary,    por'taeef. 

Port  au  Prince,  1  port  o  prahs;  2  port  o  prahc.  A  seaport 
city;  capital  of  Hajti:  pop.  100.000. 

port"=cray'on,  1  pert"=kre'3ii;  2  port'-cra'on,  n.  A  metal 
holder  for  a  pencil  or  crayon.  [  <  F.  portccrayon,  <  porter 
(see  port2,  v.);  and  see  crayon.]    porte"=cray'onf. 

port-cul'lis,  1  pert-kul'is;  2  port-euTis,  n.  A  grating 
that  can  be  let  down  suddenly  to  close  the  portal  of  a 
fortified  place.  [<  OF.  portc,  gate;  coulisse,  f.  s.  of 
coulls.  sliding.]    porte-col'ysf. 

Porte,  1  port;  2  port,  n.  The  Turkish  government:  used 
with  the  definite  article.     [F.]     Sublime  Portef. 

porte-,  1  port-;  2  port-.  From  French  porter,  carry  (see  port2, 
r.):  a  combining  form.  — portc'=co"cliere',  n.  1.  A  door- 
way by  which  a  carriage  may  be  driven  under  or  through  a 
portion  of  a  building.  2.  |U.  S.]  A  carriage-porch.  |+  V. 
cochire,  <  coche,  co kcv\.\ — porte'mon-iiale",  n.  A  pocket- 
book  for  money;  especially,  a  small  purse  with  clasps.  [  + 
F.  mnnnalc,  money.] 

por-tend"'1,  1  por-tend';  2  por-tend',  vt.  To  indicate  as 
about  to  happen,  as  by  previous  signs:  said  commonly 
of  something  evil  or  momentous;  presage.  [•  I  por- 
tendo,  foretell.)  Syn.:  see  A.UGUB.—  por-tent',  //.  Anything 
thai  portends  what  is  to  bappen,  especially  a  momentous 
or  calamitous  event.  — por-ten'tous,  a.  1-  lull  of  portents 
of  ill;  ominous.    2.  Of  strange  .- 1 1 1 < i  lll«bodlng  character; 

prodigious;  dreadful.     Syn.:  see  AWFUL;  PBIOHT1  I  i.       por- 

ten'tous-ly,  adv. — por-teii'toiis-ness,  » 
por'ter1, 1  por'ter;  2  pdr'ter,  n,  1.  ( toe  whose  business  it  is 

to  handle  travelers  luggage,  etc,    2.   Anything  used  to 

bear,  carry,  or  support.     [<    F,  porteur,    <    I     porto, 

carry.)     por'ter-age,  n.     I.  The  i"i  Ine      of  a  porter,     2. 

The  cost  of  carriage. 
por'ter2,  n.    1.  A  keeper  of  a  door  or  gate     '-.  One  who 

waits  at  a  door  to  carry  messages.    I  <  F.  portier,  <  I.. 

porta,  door.) 
por'ter3,  //.    A  very  dark  brown  mail  liquor  n  lembling 

ale.    [<  porter1,  n.]—por'ter«houge",  n.     I.  \  place 

where  porter,  ale,  etc.,  are  retailed.    2.  A  rest 


chop=house. — porterhouse  steak  [U.  S],  a  choice  cut 
of  beefsteak  usually  next  to  the  sirloin  and  including  a 
part  of  the  tenderloin. 

Por'ter,  1  per'tsr;  2  por'ter,  n.  1.  David  (1780-1843),  an 
American  commodore.  2.  David  Dixon  (1813  1801),  an 
American  admiral;  son  of  David.  3.  Pitz=John  (1822- 
1901),  an  American  general.  4.  Jane  (1776-1850).  an  En- 
glish novelist.  5.  Noah  (1811   1892),  an  American  educator. 

port-fo'li-o,  1  port-to'h-d;  2  p6rt-f6 'li-o,  n.  1.  A  port- 
able case  for  holding  drawings,  etc.  2.  The  ollice  of  a 
cabinet  minister.    [<  L.BP  porto,  carry,  +  folium,  leaf.] 

port'shole",  n.     A  small  opening  in  a  ship's  side. 

Por'ti-a,  1  per'shi-a:  2  por'shi-a.  n.  The  heroine  of  Shake- 
speare's Merchant  of  Vi  nice. 

por'ti-co,  1  por'ti-ko;  2  por'ti-co.  n.  [-coks7-  or  -cosz,  p/.l 
An  open  space  with  roof  upheld  by  columns;  a  porch.  [It.] 

por"tiere',  1  peVtyar';  2  por"tyer ',  n.  A  curtain,  or  the 
like,  for  use  in  a  doorway,  either  instead  of  a  door  or  as 
an  ornament.     [F.] 

por'tion,  1  por'shan;  2  por'shon.  I.  vt.  1.  To  divide  into 
shares  for  distribution:  often  with  out.  2.  To  endow 
with  a  portion.    Syn.:  see  allot. 

II.  n.  1.  A  part  of  a  whole,  whether  separated  from  it 
or  not.  2.  An  allotment;  a  share;  quantity  of  any  kind 
of  food  usually  served  to  one  person.  3.  The  part  of  an 
estate  coming  to  an  heir.  4.  A  wile's  dowry.  5.  (  hie', 
fortune  or  destiny.     [F.,   <  L.  porrio(n-),  portion] 

Syn.:  part,  proportion.  When  any  whole  is  divided  into 
parts,  any  port  that  is  allotted  to  some  person,  thing, 
subject,  or  purpose  is  called  a  portion,  whether  or  not  the 
division  may  be  by  some  fixed  rule  or  relation;  a  father  ma] 
divide  his  estate  by  will  among  his  children  80  as  to  make 
their  several  portions  great  or  small,  according  to  Ins  arbi- 
trary and  unreasonable  caprice.  When  we  speak  of  a  port 
as  a  proportion,  we  think  of  the  whole  as  divided  according 
to  some  rule  or  scale,  so  that  the  diflerem  parte  hear  a  con- 
templated and  intended  relation  or  raiio  to  one  another; 
thus,  the  portion  allotted  to  a  child  by  ffl  ill  may  not  In-  a  fair 
proportion  of  the  estate.  Proportion  is  often  used  where  port 
or  portion  would  be  more  appropriate.     See  part. 

— por'tion-a-bl(eP,  a.  Proportional.  —  por'tlon-er,  n. 
1.  One  who  divides  in  shares.  2.  Eccl.  A  minister  who 
shares  a  benefice  with  another,    por'tlon-lstj.    :i.  Scots 

Law.  The  proprietor  or  tenant  of  a  small  portion  of  land 
— por'tion-less,  «.  Having  no  portion;  especially,  having 
no  marriage=portion. 

Port 'land,  1  pert'laud;  2  port'Iand,  B.  1.  A  city  of  S.  \Y. 
Maine;  pop.  07,000;  burnt  by  the  British.  1775.  2.  A  city 
of  N.  \V.  Oregon;  pop.  127"., 000. 

port'Iy,  1  port'h;  2  port'ly,  a.  1.  Of  a  full  habit  ;  some- 
what stout.    2.  Of  a  stately  appearance  and  carriage. 

3t.  Full,  as  a  sail.    Syn.:  see  coma  i.i  vr.-    port'll-ness,  n. 

port-man 'teau,  1  port-man'to;  2  p6rt-man't6.  n.     1.  \ 

case  for  carrying  clothing,  etc.,  behind  a  saddle;  also,  a 
suitcase  or  satchel.       2.   A   hook    on    which    to   hang 
clothing.    [  <  F.  portemanteau,  <  porter,  carry,  +  mon- 
teau,  MANTLE.] 
Por'to  A-le'gre,  1  por'to  a-le'gre;  2  por'to  ii-lc'gre.    A  cathe- 
dral city  and  port  In  S.  Brazil;  pop    100,000. 
Port  of  Spain.     A  city;  capital  of  Trinidad;  pop.  60,000 
Por'to  III  'co,  1  ri'ko;  2  r'i'co.    An  island  of  the  West  Indies; 

70  m    K   of  Haiti;  :i.(i()(i  sq.  m.;  pop    1. 1S4.500:  Capital,  San 
Juan;  ceded  to  i  he  I  tilted  States  bj  Spam.  Am;.  12,  L898. 
Por'tooRl'can.  a.  <v  n.  . 

por'trait.  1  per'tnt;  2  pfir'trit,  >i.  A  likeness oi  an  indi- 
vidual produced  by  art,  as  in  oils,  watel  color,  etc  . 
figuratively,    a    vivid     description    ,.1     a     person.      ||-.| 

— por'tral-ture,  n.    1.  A  representation  ol  an  object 
The  act  or  art  ol  portraying;  especially,  the  art  or  pi 
of  malting  portrait  i    •!■  Portrait    oi  plctui U<  i  U 

por-tray',  1  per-trS';  2  p6i  tra',  vt       I  o  n  pre  i  n(  natu- 
rally and  vividly,  whether  bj  drawn.:',  painting,  etc  .  oi 
by  verbal  dei  cription;  depict,     I  •     L.1   portraho,  draw 
forth.]   Syn.:  see  imitate,    por-tray 'al,  n.    rboactofpoi 
n  ,    Ing.     por-tray 'er.  ». 

por'iress,  i  per'tres;  2  pOr'trt  ,  ^  fi  male  potter  or 

doorkeeper,    por'ter-esst.  ...  . 

Port  Boy'al.    I.  a  town  .and  naval  statioi 
w  e  t  Indie  I  almost  entlrel]  &<  itroyed  bj  an  ■ 
1692    '.'.  a  town  in  South  Carolina,  whi 
feaied  the  British,  Feb.  3,   1770    captured  bj   the  Union 
forces,  Nov  7.  1861, 

Pori  Sa-ld',  1  :m  id'  or  Bt3d;   •       '  !  " "'  •""' 

ooaUng    tatlon  on  the  Mi  dl  '  '"  "" 

Suez  I  anal,  pop    61,380  ,      ,    . 

Ports'mouth  '}h.  "     '.,  \ 

sea,,,..    Mi  the     OUth   ol    In 

M,„|     a  I     "I     New     Man, 

i,eM  the  Treatj  »t  Portsmouth,  ending  thi 

nese « m  'i1'  :'  ;'"'''          ,.            . 

por'tu-a-ryt,  i",r  '''" '""!,,■    K  ., 

Por'tu-gal,  i  por'tlu  il               B»J.  "    A  "i"11'"1  "' s  w 


r. >rtiii. i<  .1 


n:  fa      i         i        ■        I         i        lloej  obey,  gA;  not.  or;  full,  rAlo;  but,  bOrn; 
i       i      thai,  what,  all;  me\  g*t.  prt>,  flrn;  hit,  lot     •  i      t;    <>.  not.  Or.  won,     <»•»<> 


i 


po--l    •  Inn.   i 


I'.T     I  II    k  II.   - .      .  i        \ 

|-..r     In    .n  I    i  -I      VI    rl-rn.         V 

I 
|\.r  l  iu  in  -■■    HI  in    Ol    KIT, 

I 
p 

!  put,      '  M 

I  undias  a 

•i. .ii 

.1  in  :i  portrait 

I'don,  n.    Or.  .\tylh.    Qod  ol 


\  fortified  city  in  E.  Prussia; 

i  i  i  o  i. iv  don  ii  u  a 

a  a  body, 

:  put     II.  n.    That  which 

ll'C.) 

-..  n      1.  Thi 

il -..  the  place  when    ii  is 

n  of  the  parts  of  the  body;  pos- 

;.  ■  duty ;  « hen  unqualified, 

i.  Mink1  a  proposition,  or  the 

."•.  A  method  of  finding  the 

unknown  quantity  by  assuming  one  or  more 

is,  pp    o 

pin  FLAC1 

p«N'i-ti\.  .  ' iv.    I.  ii.    1.  That  is  it 

poO-m   ,  j  ■  directly  affirmed;  real;  actual;  exist- 

'.'.   Inherent  in  a  tl 
1    to  rt  latin      .'I.    t  Ipenly  and 
reased;  explicit :  express;  emphatic:  opposed 
I.  1      :    I  .w ii  or  uttered  by 
I     perative:  opposi  I 
.    D  p  odent  on  authority,  agreement,  or 
.">.  ' .    I  admit  ting  of 
doubt  or  denial.    <>■  is,  free  from  doubt  i 

:  tain:  also,  overconfident ; 
7.  ing  to  positivism.    8,  Math.  & 

Noting  1      •  one  "i"  two  opposed  din 
qua..'  i  primary:  o 

<  ireater 
-  -.ill  of  quantities. 

■  ■       hands  of  a  clock:  said  of  a  rota- 
Saving  re!   lively  high  potential.     (4) 
i  uK  pole  of  ii  i 
of  the  earth,  or  t  he 

a  pole  is  repelled,    ••PAot.  Hav- 
ing tin-  lights  and  shades  in  their  natural  relation,  rather 
negative.     10.  Oram.  Hi-inn  the 
rm  of  the  adjective  or  adverb. 

8km  tc;  B  IDIC  W.;  ST7BB. 

II.  I.  which  is  capable  of  being  directly  and 

;.  .  itivism,  that  which 

•'I.  That  which  settles  by  abso- 
t.  \  picture  giving  tin-  lights 

.  -hades  as  in  nature.    5.  Oram.  The  positive  di  gree 
B,  plate,  pole,  • 

'•situs,  pp.  of  pono.  place        DOS 'I- tit   e- 

i)  ,  po-'i-th  e-DCM*,  n.    Sm.:  see cebtah 

po-  l-th-l»m,  1   pes't-ttv-lsm;  2  p6s/l-tlv-ls.m,  n.     1. 

.  rtalned  or  ascertaln- 
ilence  or  of  set 
holding  ttiat  man  can  have 
no  knowledge  of  anything  but   phenomena,  and  that  his 

:t.  '  !ertltude, 
or  t:  •  po^'i-tu-l-t . 

1 .  By  In  the  phrase 

in  pc  '  '  oomitatus. 

'■n;  squad.     fL.,  Inf.  of  possum,  be  able, 
<  pottt.  able.  —  sum.  am.)  —  po-.se  comltatus,  thi 

bat  a  sheriff  calls  to  his  assistance. 

I.  To  have  the  owner- 

ent  of.    2.  To  put  i"  ownership,  occu- 

'     3.  To  make  on<  self  the  owner  or 

■  -r  of;  take     4.  To  control  mentally  or  spiritually; 

dominate.    S.  To  hold  in  control  or  restraint.    6.  To  im- 


impri  ss  ill ugh         .  u  for  in;  toll     I  ■    I .. 

I  \  i  .....  i  n 

i    pirlu 
pos-sca'slon, 

IB!     Ulllell    nil.      ; 

commoDl)    in  the  plural 


D4M-M    IR<   .1     . 

I 


ii  ii  i  i  ;   «i  m  in       i   i.iii|.  i 

pttH-Mcii  si\  i    .    i.  ,■    i-i  i  talnlng  to  o 

II.  I  .    1  .  A  POHHI 

possessive  rase,  the  i     o  ol  the  noun  or  pro- 
noun that  di  iii-iii.  nr  tin-  hie  formed  by 

adding  '*  to  the  nominative  slngulai  and  to  Irregular  plurals, 

and  an  apostropht ly  to  the  n  [ular  plural      pos-ses'- 

sur.         poa-sea 'so-ry .  i     I.  Pertaining  to  or  havlt 
' 
iinv  -i  i .  :  ol  ii"i  milk  iiii.ii'  'i 

With  I  [Cp.  1  posset  I 

pos'sl-bl  e*,  1  pes'i-bl;  2  p  i  ■  •-.  i r 

d  of  a  f  hn"'.  .-in  e\  mi ,  nr  :, 
nii-iit     8.  That  ma]  be  true  in  ^imag- 

inably 1 1  n.  i  denote  exl  nine  improb- 

ability,    [OF.,         i     •  ,  be  able.] 

pos"sI-bU  'i-t> ,  ti     [in-'.  ,-./  i    i.  'i  in-  raei  ot  i"-' 

tie  thing.    Syn.:  M-e  \.  .id  nt;  eveni 
pos'sl-bl] .  adv.  i  \iiiir.  nt  in 

poS'SUm,    1    pns'iun;  g    pos'um.    n .      [Colloq  I      All   op 

post1^  1  p.'.  I.  To  pul   up  hi    ome  public 

place;  placard;  hence,  to  denounce,    '.'.  posters 

upon, 

post  ...  1. 1,  l.i.  ign  to  a  particular  position  or 
post,  SB,  l'.»  place  in  the  post*ofnce  or  in  a  tetter»box. 
;i.  In  bookkeeping,  to  transfer  (items  or  accounts)  to 
the  ledger:  often  with  up,  I.  To  s.-ml  by  post*horses; 
dispatch     .r>.  To  supplj  with  information,     II.  i.     I" 

travel  With  post-horses;  hasten.      Syn.:  see  -i   i. 

posl  .  1.  An  upright  piece  ol  timber  ox  other  material 
used  as  a  support,  a  point  ol  attachment,  etc  ,  as  in  a 
building,  '£.  A  central  projection  in  a  lock  for  receiving 
the  tube  of  a  key.    |  <  AS  I  ake  | 

post  ,  ., ,  1.  A  fixed  place  or  .station,  i  1  )  A  military  sta- 
tion. (2)  The  Limits  of  a  sentry's  beat.  13.  An  office  oi 
employment,  8.  An  established  s  ,r  '"■  -1S  for  trans- 
porting the  mails.  4.  A  postman;  messenger.  S,  A  size 
of  writing-paper.  [<  F.  ports,  post,  Station  !  Svn.:  see 
PLACE,      post'boy",    p.  (liaise,   p.  horse,  p. -route,  etc., 

a  postilion,  carriage,  horse,  route,  etc,  formerly  employed 
in  the  poel  Bystem  ol  traveling,     p.=eard.  n.     Same  as 

POSTAL  CARD.  p. "house,  n.  1.  A  house  where  post-horses 
are  kept  fur  relays.  2t.  A  post-ofTlce.  — p.*rlder,  n.  One 
who  rides  post  or  carries  the  malls  on  horseback 

post,  adv.  By  post-horses;  hence,  rapidly.     [<  post,  after.) 

post-*  pre/Is.   Behind  or  after:  opposed  to  ante-.    [<  L.  port-, 

post/age,  1  post'ij;  2  pSst'ag,  n.  1.  The  charge  levied  on 
mail-matter,  'i.  The  act  of  going  by  post. — pos('aKe  = 
stamp",  rt.    a  small  printed  label  in  paj  mini  of  postage, 

post 'al,  l  post'el;  ~  post'.-d,  (i.  Pertaining  to  tl"-  mails 
or  maibserviee.  —  postal  curd,  a  card  for  carrying  a 
written  or  printed  message  through  the  mails  under  govern- 
ment stamp,  post 'scard"}.-  p.  note  |t\  8  1.  e  note  pay- 
able to  bearer  tor  any  sum  less  than  live  dollars.  Issued  hy 
a  postmaster  and  redeemable  at  any  money-order  office: 
it  mm  .1  June,  1894. 

post-date',  rt.  To  make  the  date  of  (a  document  or 
other  writing)  later  than  the  real  date. 

post"di-iu  \i-al,  a.  Coming  alter  the  deluge.  [<  post-  + 
L.  dii  ■  i   1     pi)st"ill-lu'vl-auj.  — post"dl-lu'- 

\l-an,  n.    i  me  living  after  the  deluge. 

pos'telt,  ii.  i  i.e. 

post'er1,  1  pOst'sr;  2  pfist'er,  n.    1.  An  advertising  sheet 

for  posting  on  a  wall.    2.  A  bill- 1- 
posl  'er-,  ii.    I.  <  in.  who  i  ravels  post.    'I.  A  post>horse, 
pos-te'ri-or,  1  pes-tl'n-er;  2  pdswt6/ri-or,    I.  a.    1.  Situ- 
ated behind.     '4.  Coming  after  another;  later.     :{.   lint. 
.    ted   Or  growing  on  the  side   next,  the  parent  axis. 

II.  n.  The  hinder  part:  (pi.)  the  buttocks.  [<  L. 
posterior,  compar.  of  postervt.  following.)  -ly,  adv. — pos- 
te"ri-or'l-ty,  n.-  pos-ter'i-f ) ,  n.  i  he  descendants  of  a 
progenitor,  succeeding  generations  taken  collectively. 

pos'tern,  1  pds'tern;  2  pos'tern,  n.  1.  A  back  gate  or 
door;  a  private  entrance,  especially  a  small  gate  beside 
a  large  one  in  a  fortified  place.  2,  Fort.  A  covered  pas- 
sage closed  by  a  gate  ana  leading  from  a  bastion  to  the 
ditch.  [<  F.  posterne,  <  L.  posterus,  posterior.] 
pos'ternet. 

post-fix',  1  post-fiks';  2  post-flks'.  I',  vt.  To  add  at  the 
end  of  a  word,  as  a  letter,  a  syllable,  etc.:  opposed  to 
prefix.     II.  ti.  That  which  is  so  added;  a  suffix. 

post-grad 'u-ate,  a.  [I".  S.]  Of  or  pertaining  to  studies 
ted  after  receiving  a  degree;  graduate. — post- 
grad 'u-ate,  t».  [U.  S.)  One  who  pursues  or  has  completed  a 
postgraduate  course. 


1:8=  final;    i  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    <fhin;    go;    n  =  sin<7;    thin,   this.     Portlllaca 
607     2:  wQlf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cOre,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  potato 


post"«haste',  1  post"»hest';  2  post"=hast'.  I.  a.  Done 
with  speed;  instant.  II.  n.  Haste  or  speed  like  that  of 
the  post.    III.  adv.    With  utmost  speed. 

pos'thu-mous,  1  pes'<fhu-[or  -tiu-]mus;  2  pos'chu-[or 
-tii-]mus,  a.  1.  Born  after  the  father's  death:  said  of  a 
child.  2.  Published  after  the  author's  death,  as  a  book. 
[<  L.  postumus,  superl.  of  posterns,  following.]     -ly,  adv. 

pos'til,  1  pes'til;  2  pos'til,  re.  A  marginal  note;  especially,  one 
written  on  the  margin  of  the  Scriptures:  also,  a  series  of 
Scriptural  comments.  [<  F.  postllle,  <  L.  post,  after,  ilia 
(neut.  pi.  of  illc,  that),  those.] 

pos- til 'ion,  1  pos-til'yan;  2  pos-til'yon,  n.  1.  A  rider  of 
one  of  the  near  horses  of  a  team  drawing  a  vehicle.  2t- 
A  post=boy.  [  <  F.  postilion,  <  poste;  see  post2,  n.] 
pos- til 'lion t. 

post"lm-pres'sion-lsm,  1  post"im-presn'8n-izm:  2  posfim- 
presh'on-ism,  re.  Art.  The  method  of  a  group  of  French 
painters  in  the  first  decade  of  the  20th  century,  character- 
ized chiefly  by  unconventionality. 

post 'hide,  1  post'liud;  2  post'lud,  n.  Mus.  An  organ 
voluntary  concluding  a  church  service.     See  prelude. 

post 'man,  n.  [-men,  pi.]  A  letter=carrier;  mail=carrier. 

pos i  'mark".  V-.vt.  To  put  a  postmark  on.  II.  n.  The 
stamp  of  a  post=office  oi  mail»matter. 

post  'mas" ter,  n,  1.  An  official  having  charge  of  a  post= 
office.  2.  One  who  provides  horses  for  posting.  — 
post'mas"ter>gen'er-al,  n.  The  executive  head  of  the 
postal  service  of  a  government. — post'mls"tress,  re.  fern. 

post"me-rid  'i-an,  1  p6st"mi-rid'i-an;  2  post"me-rid'i-an, 
a.  Pertaining  to  the  afternoon.  [<  L.  post,  after,  -f- 
meridiem,  noon.]     post"me-rid'i-o-nali. 

post  me-rid 'i-em,  1  post  mi-rid't-em;  2  post  me-rld'i-em. 
After  midday:  abbreviated  p  m  or  P  M .     [L.] 

post  mor'tem,  1  post  mer'tem;  2  post  mor'tem.  After 
death:  as,  a  post-mortem  examination.     [L.:  used  as  adj.] 

post"*mor'terd,  1  post"=mer'tem;  2  p6st"=m6r't6m,  n. 
Expert  examination  of  a  human  body  after  death.      [L.] 

posfna'tal,  a.    Occurring  after  birth. 

post'mote",  1  post'=not";  2  post'»not",  n.  A  promissory  note 
issued  by  a  bank  and  payable  at  a  fixed  time  after  its  date. 

post"*o'btt,  1  post"=6'btt:  2  post"=o'bit,  re.  A  bond  given  as 
by  a  prospective  heir  to  pay  a  sum  of  money  on  the  death 
of  a  person  from  whom  he  has  expectations. 

pos t'sof "flee,  1  post'=ef  "is ;  2  post'=of"ic,  n.  An  office  for 
the  receipt,  transmission,  and  delivery  of  mails;  also, 
the  postal  service. 

post '  *paid",  a.    Having  postage  prepaid. 

post-pone',  1  post-p5n';  2  post-pon',  vt.  [post-poned'; 
post-pon'ing]  1.  To  defer  to  a  future  time.  2.  To 
consider  as  secondary.  [  <  L.  post,  after,  -f-  pono,  place.] 
Syn.:  adjourn,  defer,  delay,  hold  in  abeyance,  lay  by,  lay 
aside,  procrastinate,  put  by,  put  off.  Adjourn  (1..  ad,  to,  + 
(liurnus,  daily,  from  dies,  day)  signifies  literally  to  put  "If 
lo  another  day,  and,  hence,  to  any  future  time.  A  delibera- 
i  Ive  assembly  may  adjourn  to  another  day  or  to  another 
hour  of  the  same  day,  and  resume  business  where  It  left  off, 
as  if  there  had  been  no  interval.  To  adjourn  "without  day" 
(sine  die)  is  etymologically  a  contradiction  In  terms,  but  is 
in  approved  use.  such  adjournment  terminating  the  exis- 
tence of  the  body  so  adjourned.  This  may  be  obviated, 
when  no  day  can  be  fixed,  by  adjourning  to  meet  at  the 
call  of  the  president  or  other  officer.  In  common  usage,  to 
ad  mum  a  matter  is  to  hold  it  in  abeyance  until  it  may  be 
more  conveniently  or  suitably  attended  to;  in  such  use 
defer  and  postpone  are  close  synonyms  of  adjourn;  defer  (L. 
dis,  apart,  4-  fero,  bear)  is  simply  to  lav  or  put  aside  tern 
porarily;  to  postpone  (L.  post,  after,  -f  pono,  place/  Is  Strictly 
to  lay  or  put  aside  until  "after"  something  else  occurs,  or  is 
done,  known,  obtained,  or  the  like;  an,  to  postpone  ones  de 
parture  until  after  a  friend's  arrival;  but  postpone  is  often 
used  without  such  limitation.  Adjourn,  <i<  /■  r,  mid  postpone 
all  Imply  definite  expectation  of  later  consideration  or  ac- 
tion; delay  Is  much  less  definite,  while  linn  niMnaU  Is  hope- 
lessly vague.  One  may  adjourn,  defer,  <i<i<i>i,  or  postpom 
a  matter  Intelligently  and  for  good  reason;  In-  procrastinali 
through  Indolence,  negligence,  or  Irresolution;  one  wlio  pro- 

crastinales  gives  no  assurance  that  tie  will  ever  act.  Com- 
pare binder;  procrastinate. — Ant.:  act,  act  on.  complete, 
consummate,  dispatch, do, expedite, ha  'mi  hurry,  q 

take  up.  urge  forward,  urge  on,      pos  I -pone 'men  t,  re.    Syn.: 

sec-  respite,    post-pon'er,  n. 

post-pran'di-al,  1  p5st-pran'di-al;  2  pOst-pran'di-al,  a. 
After»dinner.    [<post,  -I   L.  prandium,  breakfast.] 

post 'script,  1  pdst'skript;  2  pSst'seript,  n,     \    tipple 
mental   addil  ion   to  a  writ  ten   "i    pi  inted   doct 
specifically,    something   added    to   a   letter   alti 
writer's  signature:  abbreviated  P.  8.    (*    I     po 
)-  scribo,  write.] 

post '< town",  a.  1.  A  town  furnishing  relays  of  post" 
horses.    See  post*.    2.  A  town  containing  a  t to  I  "111'' 

pos'ttl-latit,  1  pefl'cbu-lor  -llu-ll.iiit ;  L.'  pos'cliu  \nr-\  n-]lant. 


n.     1.  One  who  or  that  which    prefers  a  request.     3.    \ 
candidate  for  the  ministry  or  other  religious  order.     [F.,  < 
L.  postulan(t-)s,  ppr.  of  poslulo.  demand] 
pos'tu-late,  1  pes'clm-[or  -tiu-jlet;  2  p5s'ehu-[or  -tu-]lat, 

0.  [-LAT"EDd;  -LAT"lNG.]  I.  (.  1.  To  lav  down  as  a 
postulate;  assume  without  proof  as  self-evident  or  al- 
ready known.  2.  To  ask  by  way  of  entreaty;  in  eccle- 
siastical law,  to  ask  authority  to  admit  (a  nominee)  not- 
withstanding canonical  objections.  II.  i.  To  make  or 
lay  down  postulates. 
Syn.:  see  assume.— pos"tu-la  'Hon,  n. 

pos'tu-late,  7i.  A  position  claimed  or  basis  of  argu- 
ment laid  down  as  well  known  or  too  plain  to  require 
proof.  [<  L.  postulatum,  demand,  <  postulatus,  pp.  of 
postulo;  see  postulant.)    pos"tu-la'tumi  [-ta,  pi.]. 

pos'ture,  1  pes'chur  or  -tiur;  2  pos'ehur  or  -ttir.  I.  vt. 
&  vi.  [pos'tured;  pos'ti  r-ing.]  To  place  in  or  as- 
sume a  posture;  pose.  II.?i.  1.  The  visible  disposition 
of  the  parts  of  a  thing;  position  of  the  body;  attitude  2. 
Mental  attitude.  [F.]  Syn/ see  attitude. — pos'tur-er,  n. 
pos'tur-lstj. 

po'sy,  1  po'zi;  2  po'gy,  n.  [po'sif.s2,  />/.]  1.  A  bunch  of 
flowers,  or  a  single  flower.  2.  A  brief  inscription  or 
motto,  especially  one  in  verse:  the  original  meaning. 
[Contr.  of  poesy.] 

pot,  1  pet;  2  pot,  i'.  [pot'ted11;  pot'ting.]  1. 1.  1.  To  cook 
in  a  pot;  stew.  2.  To  plant  in  pots  of  earth.  3,  To  pre- 
serve, as  meats,  in  pots.  4.  [Slang]  To  secure  by  hunt- 
ing; bag.     II.  i.    1.  To  shoot,  or  shoot  at.     2.  To  tipple. 

pot,  n.  1.  A  round  vessel  of  earth  or  metal  for  culinary 
and  other  purposes,  chiefly  domestic.  2.  A  metal  dlink- 
ing=cup;  mug.  3.  The  contents  of  a  pot.  4.  Curd- 
playing.  The  amount  of  stakes  played  for.  5.  [Slang.] 
A  large  sum,  as  of  money.  6.  A  flue  extending  al>"\  e  a 
chimney;  chimneypot.  [<  AS.  pott,  <  lr.  pota,  p"t  1 
— pot'sbel"ly,  re.  A  protuberant  belly. — pot  helllcn,  o. 
— pot=boiler,  n.  [Slang.]  Literary  or  artistic  work  pro- 
duced simply  to  obtain  the  means  of  subsistence.-  pot » 
boiling,  re.  -pot 'boy",  re.  [Eng.]  In  a  public  bouse 
or  young  man  who  cleans  the  pots  anil  does  other  odd  Jobs. 
—  pot  -companion,  re.  A  boon  companion;  fellow  toper. — 
potslierb,  re.  Any  herb  cooked  by  boiling.-  pot  hole,  re. 
A  pot*shaped  cavity,  as  that  worn  by  loose  stone  In  an  eddj 
— pot=hook,  n.  1.  A  bent  piece  of  iron  for  lifting  or  hang- 
ing pots.  2.  An  old'tlme  curved  mark  or  elemeiitar\  stroke 
In  teaching  penmanship. — potsltousc,  n.  An  ale-house; 
saloon. — potshuuter,  n.  one  who  kills  game  for  food 
rather  than  for  sport.  —  pnl  hunting.  ;i  pot  "knight,  n, 
A  drunkard. — pot=lead,  re.  Graphite,  especially  as  used 
on  the  bottoms  of  racing  vessels  to  reduce  friction  pot" 
lead,  vt.  —  pot-ll(iuor,  re.  A  thin  broth  obtained  from  Poll- 
ing meat.  —  pot-lurk,  n.  Whatever  may  chance  lo  lie  In 
the  pot;  hence,  a  meal  not  prepared  for  guests,  pot  »metal, 
n.  1.  Cast  iron  suitable  for  making  pots.  ''.  A  copper 
aud=lead  alloy  formerly  used  for  large  pots,  etc  ;t.  Class 
colored  throughout  wltile  [used;  pot-metal  >:lass.  pot  '- 
pie",  re.  A  Polled  meat  pie,  or  meat  stewed  with  dumplings 
— pot=roast,  n.  Meat  cooked  in  a  pot  with  verj  little 
water.-  pot 'sherd",  re.  A  broken  Pit  of  crockery,  pot'- 
shard"t;  pot'sliare"1 ;  pot  'shell": .  pot  shot,  n  \ 
shot  fired  to  kill,  without  regard  to  rules  of  sport . 
random  shot. --pot  =vallan(.  a.  I<  lolloq.]  ( louragcous  from 
drink.— pot svalian try,  re.  Drunken  valor  pot  >vallanc]  ; 
— pot=walloper,  n.  [Vulgar.]  t.  One  employed  to  clean  oi 
wash  kitchen-vessels,  etc.;  scullion  ■.'.  |  Eng.]  <  me  w  ho  pre- 
pares his  own  food;  a  bachelor  Inn:  ekl  I  Dl  i  . 

pot.,  ahhr.    Potential. 

po'ta-bl(ep,  1  po'te-bl;  2  p6'ta-bl.     I.  a.    Suital 
drinking:  said  of  water,     II.  a.    Something  drii 
a  drink.    [F.,  <  L.  potabilis,  <  poto,  drink.]     po-t»'« 
tlon,  ».  1.  The  act  of  drinking;  a  drink,  '.'.  idrlnkln 

pot  'age.  n     Pottage  obsolete  i    ■    ptc    ..  French  word 

pot 'ash",  1  pot'a  fi";  2  pot'ash,  n      I.    \  white, 
mi  tie,  alkaline  compound;   pota    turn  hydroxid      2. 
The  liquid  obtained  by   leaching  tl  |  lants; 

lye.    [<poT,n.,    :    \sa  ,  /'  |    po-tass'l :  po-tas'sal. 

po-tas'si-nm,  1  po-tas'i-um;  2  p 
white  metaliic  element.     Bee  element,     potassium 
carbonate  IChem  i.  a  white  compound,  whose  solutions 
are  ;iii  aline,  prepari  6  ii""i  ■■ I  i  hi   ,  eto. 

po-ta'to,       1       po  I'  'to;      2      po  t&'tfl.       '<• 

[-Toi    •',  pi  \    I.  (  hie  oi  i  he  edib] 

oeo bei     "!    i   plant  "i   |  be  night  ■ 

shadi   Familj    al  io,  I  be  plant     ''• '  tue  of 
eetish,  edible,  spindlt     b  iped  root 

of  a  on  en Ine;  the  sweel  potato, 

I        1 1 : ,  i r  em  i    batata      wool    potato  I 
po-ta'tO'bee"tle,  /<      s    It  af»bi  ctlo,  v<  rj 
destructive  to  the  potato,  etc   Col"o»ra'd« 

bee'tlrl:    pu-ta'lo^liilK"!  •      I'-   r"'- 

Of    till-   IKlt.'lto 


••beetle 


Pnirn 


I  r  n  .! 

i 
i 


»        |  ;.rf\  :   hit,  poll         0  a     I        ii        "        bol    I'ftrn; 

i      .  I     i     .   I-e;  I-  e;gfl.  nOt.  Or,  won,        (iON 


i      :  pol-li  ■«  ii 

(.r.  ...r>      \l. 

l.lll 

I 

I ■ « ■  I'  o 

.11 

1. 

I 

II         I 

.  uttal  in, Ml,-     :». 
due  to  local  »t- 

liolrilll.ll 

in-  !     . 

Infinitive,  and 

po-ten"tl-al'l-ty,     rc. 

i  i  \  flopmonl  or  accom- 

po-ten'- 

iui-i).  po'tent-ly,  po'tent-ness, 

ixilli  i  r.  I.  I 

II.  1.   I  ...  itement 

'.'  .  \  suffocating 
push  1 
i'..(  i-.i.i   ...  :.'  Maoe- 

po'tion,  \  draft,  aa  of  liquid 

Lrink.] 

Pol    i-  ph.-.r.  '  of  l'ha- 

,i^  :i  slave.    Gen.  xxxlx,  i. 

1'ihi.iiii.i'  .  2  po-tO'mae,  ".    A  river  of  the  E. 

.  550  m.  to  the 

n.     A  mining  city  of  \Y 
■  altitude  13.022  ft. 
i>.,i   |iour n  .  :.'  p(y*pn"rF,  n.    A  heterogeneous 

medley;  tumble,    !  i  ! 
Pots 'dam,   .  potsMam,  n.     a  city  in 

put  i.r.M  .  1.  A  thick  broth  or  stew. 

•    pot,  pol  ] 

1 .   . 
'.'  k  feebly  or  sluggishly, 

pot  'iir-cr,  n. 
pol  '('-r.         I .  v.    '■  ..r  porcelain 

;.  potters' 

■he*  i.  .:  rotatable  disk  used  by  potters  for  bol  l- 

tng  and  rn.i  p    I  'tier-]  . 

i .  ■;.  i  i,r  man- 

or porcelain.    3.  Clay  ware) 
an'!  [Young  Bull. 

I"..t   t.r.    I'ml  -         :  \    Dutch  anlmal-palnter:    Tlu 

pot ' t ini;.  1  1-    l'li'-  putting  nil  of 

.'.  I  be  placing  of  buds, 

■  ',    .   i  triii Icing;  tippling. 

pot'ii  .  -ot'i.  n.    1.  A  drlnklng>veaeel;  pot:  tank- 

ard.   2.  a  liquid  measure  of  half  a  gallon.    pot'ue«pot"t. 
.1.  a  kind  ol  •■  el  or  baskel  ■ 

pot  He  i) .I'lii-.i. a.    Pot-bellied, 
pouch',  1  ;-.  :  .■..  2  pouch,  ».    I.  t.    1.  hence, 

:s.  i     gather  up, 
e  up;  pout,  u.i  the 
1 1. 
poach,  1.  r  something  serving 

'..    .1  nut.   & 
/ 

■i.  !:■  •      !     \  fdlicle. 

poached, 

poii-ilni  !•■ '.  .n-  com- 

pose* : 

PoUKtl-kcip'^lc,     ,  ,,[j     II,, 

■^     York  .  .sy-at   of    Ya.ssar    College;    pop. 

poult,  i  poll    2  pult.  n.    A  young  chicken,  or  the  like, 
poul't'-r.        .       .-  \   poulterer:  a  form 

■  ry  company. 
poul'ler-er,  1   pol'tar-or;   2   pdl'tSr-Sr,  n.     A   d 

■ 
poul'tire,  1  pdl'tts;  2  pOl'tic.    I.  if     [-tictd*;  -tk-ino  ] 
II  .  mollifying  n 

.'••,  applied  to  inflamed  surface,, 

poul'try,  1  pdl  tn;  2  pdl'try,  n.    Domcetic  fowla,  gener- 


,  a-  hi  ii-,  dueki .  etc     |  •.  <  IF,  pouie- 

vv  I  1 

pounce  .  i  ;  nuns;  2  pounc,  i  [pot  ni  i  d»;  pot  s>  'una  1 
I.        I.   I     makoholceii  '.'.  Po  attack  sud- 

denly, as  with  boak  or  clp  II.         i  u. Mi  u 

ii  ni  m',  r  ] 

pounce  .         i  klo  with  pounce     l<  To  smooth 

rubbing  with  an  abrading  lubstanoe, 

pounce1,  l  pauna;  2  pounc,  '•  rho  i  I  ol  pouncing. 
'.'.   \  talon;  claw 

pounce  .        I.  A  powder  I  ed  to  absorb  i 

of  ink,  as  on  a  manuscript  '!.  \  finelj  pulverised  sub- 
stance used  in  inn  ferring  di     gn       3  i .    \  perfumed 

powi .  I     '    pti  nn  r,    pi  \iiii    | 

pounce'  pou  "iicr  .     i e'  bag*,         \  bag  for  bold- 

nice  for  use  iii  transferrin  p.  Box,  rt,    I. 

\  box  «uii  perforated  lid,  formerlj  u  ed  for  dusting  out 
pounce  as  a  perfume;  a  porfume»box  '*.  \  box  formerly 
used  for  dusting  powder  or  sand  mi  freshly  written  paper. 

poll'i  In  I    bOX"    :    poiin'eel    ho\"    . 

pound' ',  l  pound:  2  pound,  tt  To  confine  in  a  pound; 
impound;  restrain  |m>iiihI  Vr  .  ■  ["hi  keeper  ol  a 
pound.    pound '»keop"er; :  pound 'mas" ter|. 

pound    .       I.'     I-  beavily  and  repeatedly.    '■!. 

To  break  to  pieo  ll.  i     I.  To  hammer 

continuous!]  'i.  To  walk  heavily  and  ploddingly.  [ME. 
potmen,  <  AS.  puritan,  pound  -i      pound '- 

er«,  n.    One  who  or  that  which  pounds. 

pound1,  n.  t.  \  variable  unit  of  weight :  the  avoirdupois 
pound  is  16  ouni  cram-;  the'  troj    pound, 

12  ii'.  'J.  An  English 

money  of  account,  worth  aboul  >t  s'i:  signJE,  (  •  \S. 
puna,    <    I..   /Hindu,   pound,  akin   to  pondus,  weight.) — 

pound 'er3,  n.     A  person  or  tiling  having  a  certain  relation 

to  a  given  number  of  pounds:  used  In  composition;  as,  a 

*\\-lmumUr.      pound  foolish,    a.      Sec    iknm-\m-i        {>.-■ 

folly,  ';.    p.wraushnesfl  ■ 

pound-',  >i.  1.  A  place,  enclosed  by  authority,  in  which 
stray  animals  or  distrained  goods  are  kept  till  redeemed 
■;.  /     king.  A   poundVnet;  specifically,   the  ini 

partment.  3.  A  level  space  between  locks  in  :t 
canal.  [<  AS.  pund;  cp.  gepyndan,  impound.] — 
pound'=nct",  n.  A  weir  or  arrangement  of  nets  supported 
upon  stakes  so  as  to  form  a  Iran  for  fish. 

pound 'age1, 1  paund'ij  ;2pound'ag,n.  A  rati- on  i  he  pound 
sterling;  formerly,  in  England,  a  subsidy  to  the  crown 
■' -li  pound  of  merchandise  exported  or  imported. 

pound'age2,  n.     1.  Tie-  charges  for  the  redemption  of 
lunded  cattle.    '2.  The  act  of  impounding  cattle 

pound 'al,  1  paund'sl;  2  pound'al,  n.  Phys.  Set.  The  iiriiish 
unit  of  force,  which,  acting  on  the  mass  of  a  pound  for  one 
second,  increases  its  velocity  by  one  fool   per  Becond. 

pour,  1  p6r;  2  pSr,  v.  I.  I.  1.  To  caus<  to  flow  in  a  con- 
tinuous stream,  as  any  granular  or  liquid  substance.  '!. 
To  send  forth  profusely.    3.  To  emit  in  rap 

as  oaths.     4.  To  expend  Lavishly;  shed  freely.     II.  i. 

1.  To  now  forth  in  a  Stream.  'I.  To  tall  or  come  down 
profusely.  3.  To  diffuse  itself  widely.  4.  To  com.-  in 
gnat  numbers.  [Of  Celtic  origin  ] — pour,  n.  A  pour- 
ing. Bow,  or  downfall. — pour'er,  n. 

pour"par"ler',  1  piir"pcir"le';  2  pur"par"lg',  n.  [!•'.]  A  pre- 
liminary conference  or  consultation 

pouse1, 1  ixius;  2  pons.  [Scot,  or  Dial.]  I«.  r.  To  push.  II.  n. 
A  push,     pouslit;  pousst. 

pouse  './i.    .Same  as  pulse.  [French  court  painter. 

I'oiis'Mn',  1   pu'sah';  2  pu'sah',  Nicolas   (1694    I'i'io).     A 

pou  sto,  1  pQ  stO;  2  PU  sto.  [Gr.]  A  standing-place;  hence,  a 
foundation  for  operations  In  any  line  of  endeavor:  a  Greek 
phrase,  meaning  literally  "where  I  may  stand." 

pout'1,!  puut;2  pout,  e.  I.  t.  To  prot  rude  or  thrust  out 
(the  lips).  II.  t.  1.  To  he  sullen;  protrude  the  lips  in  ill 
humor,  'i.  To  swell  out  into  prominence  or  plumpness. 
:{.  To  puff  out  the  breast,  as  a  pouter  pigeon.  (<  W. 
pu-du.)  — pout'er,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which  pouts.  2.  A 
pigeon  having  the  habit  of  puffing  out  tlie  breast. 

pout ',  ■ .  a  pushing  out  of  the  Upe  as  in  pouting;  hence,  a  fit 
of  ill  humor.  [  <  AS.  -pttte,  In  ulepUtc,  eeNpout.) 

pou  l  .  n.    i  me  Ol  various  fishes  having  a  pouting  appearance, 

pouth'er,  l  puth'ar;  2  puth'er,  n.  [Scot.]  Powder. 

pov'er-ty,  1  pev'ar-ti;  2  p  n.     1.  The  state  of 

•  poor  or  with  ml    competi  al   .-ubsistence;  penury. 

■;.  |  be  condition  thai  relatt  b  to  the  absence  or  scarcity 

of  requisite  subsl  a  :>.  A  lack  or  meager- 

Ii    rth.     [<  L.»+o» paupertaip-)  .  povert]  I 

Syn.:  beggary,  destitution,  distress,  Indigence,  mendicancy, 
need,  pauperism,  penury,  privation,  straitened  clrcum- 
,  want  Poverty  denote;-,  a  condition  below  thai  of 
easy,  comfortable  living;  privation  denotes  a  condition  of 
painful  lack  of  what  is  useful  or  desirable,  tho  not  to  the 
extent  of  absolute  distress;   indiucitcc  la  lack  of  ordinary 


/ 


1:3  =  final ;    1  =  habit ;    aisle ;    ail  =  out ;    ell ; 


ia 


609        2:  wolf,  dp;   b6ok,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   bC_J 

means  of  subsistence;  destitution  is  lack  of  the  comforts,  am. 
In  part  even  of  the  necessaries  of  life;  penury  is  cramping 
poverty,  possibly  not  so  sharp  as  destitution,  but  continuous, 
while  that  maybe  temporary;  pauperism  is  such  destitution 
as  throws  one  upon  organized  public  charity  for  support; 
beggary  and  mendicancy  denote  poverty  that  appeals 
for  indiscriminate  private  charity. — Prep.:  poverty  of  in- 
vention. 

pow'der,  1  pau'dar;  2  pow'der,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  reduce  to  a 
powder;  pulverize.  2.  To  put  powder  upon;  besprinkle 
with  powder.  3.  To  sprinkle  with  salt  or  condiments 
for  preserving  or  seasoning.  II.  i.  1.  To  become  or  be 
reduced  to  powder.  2.  To  apply  powder,  especially  in 
the  toilet.     3.  To  make  an  attack  or  commotion. 

pow'der,  n.  1.  A  collection  of  minute  free  particles  of 
dry  substance.  2.  A  powdered  preparation  for  toilet 
use.  3.  A  medicine  in  the  form  of  powder.  4.  Gun- 
powder. [<  F.  poudre,  <  L.  pulvis  (puher-),  powder.] 
— pow'der=eham"ber,  n.  1.  Mil.  In  a  mine,  the  place 
containing  the  powder.  2.  That  part  of  a  gun  in  which  the 
powder  is  exploded. — p.dlnsk,  n.  A  metallic  or  other  flask 
for  carrying  powder,  having  usually  an  appliance  for  measur- 
ing the  charge. — p. shorn,  n.  A  powder»flask,  especially 
one  made  of  a  hollow  horn. — p.  mill,  n.  An  establishment 
where  gunpowder  is  made. — p.=monkey,  re.  [Slang.]  1. 
Naut.  Formerly,  a  boy  detailed  to  carry  powder  to  a  gun.  2. 
A  small  roll  of  damp  gunpowder. — pow'der-y,  a.  1.  Con- 
sisting of  fine  powder  or  dust.  2.  Covered  with  or  as  with 
powder:  dusty. 

pow'er,  1  pau'ar;  2  pow'er,  n.  1.  The  property  of  a  sub- 
stance or  being  that  is  manifested  in  effort  or  action, 
and  by  virtue  of  which  that  substance  or  being  produces 
change,  moral  or  physical;  potency.  2.  Potential  capac- 
ity. 3.  Strength  or  force  actually  put  forth.  4.  The 
right,  ability,  or  capacity  to  exercise  control;  legal  au- 
thority, capacity,  or  competency;  also,  a  legal  instru- 
ment or  document  conferring  it.  5.  Any  agent  that  ex- 
ercises power,  as  in  control  or  dominion;  a  military  or 
naval  force;  an  important  and  influential  sovereign 
nation.  6.  Great  or  telling  force  or  effect.  7.  [Colloq.] 
A  great  number  or  quantity.  8.  Mech.  (1)  Any  form  of 
energy  available  for  doing  any  kind  of  work;  as,  steam= 
power;  especially,  mechanical  energy,  as  distinguished 
from  work  done  by  hand;  as,  a  machine  run  by  power. 
(2)  Capability  of  performing  mechanical  work,  as 
measured  by  the  rate  at  which  it  is  or  can  be  done.  (3) 
A  machine  by  which  a  specific  energy  is  applied  to  me- 
chanical purposes.  (4)  One  of  the  mechanical  powers. 
See  mechanical.  (5)  Applied  force.  (6)  Mechanical 
advantage.  9.  Math.  A  number  multiplied  by  itself 
any  number  of  times;  the  result  of  taking  a  number  any 
number  of  times  as  a  factor.  10.  Optics.  Magnifying 
capacity,  as  of  a  lens.  [  <  OF.  poer,  <  L. LL  posse,  be  able .] 
Syn.:  ability,  capacity,  efficacy,  efficiency,  energy,  force, 
might,  strength.  Power  is  the  most  general  term  of  this 
group  of  words,  including  every  quality,  property,  or 
faculty  by  which  any  change,  effect,  or  result  is,  or  may  be, 
produced;  as,  the  power  of  the  legislature  to  enact  laws,  or 
of  the  executive  to  enforce  them;  the  power  of  an  acid  to 
corrode  a  metal;  the  power  of  a  polisherl  surface  to  reflect 
light.  Ability  is  nearly  coextensive  with  power,  but  does 
not  reach  the  posltiveness  and  vigor  that  may  be  Included 
In  the  meaning  of  power,  ability  often  Implying  latent,  as 
distinguished  from  active,  power;  we  speak  of  an  exertion  of 
power,  but  not  of  an  exertion  of  ability.  Power  and  ability 
include  capacity,  which  is  power  to  receive;  but  ability  is 
often  distinguished  from  capacity,  as  power  that  may  I"- 
manifested  in  doing,  as  capacity  Is  In  receiving;  one  mas 
have  great  capacity  for  acquiring  knowledge,  and  yet  nol 
possess  ability  to  teach.  Efficiency  is  active  power  to  effect  a 
definite  result,  the  power  that  actually  dues,  as  distinguished 
from  that  which  may  do.  Efficiency  Is  effectual  agency, 
competent  power;  efficiency  is  applied  In  mechanics  as 
denoting  the  ratio  of  Hie  effect  produced  to  the  poiocr  ex- 
pended in  producing  It;  but  this  word  is  chiefly  used  of 
Intelligent  agents  as  denoting  the  <  '-allty  that  brings  all 
one's  power  tO  bear  promptly  ami  In  I ..     best  purpose  On  the 

thing  to  be  done,    See  ability;  cause;    edntub;  infli 
weight. — Ant.:  feebleness,  helplessness.  Imbecility,  Impo- 
tence, inability,  Incapability,  incapacity,  Inertness,  power- 
lessness,  weakness. 
pow'tT-ful,  a.     1.  Possessing  great,  force;  very  I  B 
strong.    2-  Having  gre.it  Lnten  its  oi  i  aergj      ■'•.  I  i>  i 
rising  greal   authority,  or  manite  ting  high  qualities; 
mighty,  4.  Saving  great  effect  on  the  mind;  convincing, 
Syn.;  able,  cogent,  commanding,  controlling,  effective, 
effectual,  efficacious,  efficient,  forceful,  forcible,  Influential, 

mighty,    potent,    puissant,    robust,    strong,    sturdy, 
ous      pow'er-ftil-ly,  adv.— pow'er-ful-ness,  n 
pow'er-less,  a.     Destitute  of  power;  impotent.-  !><>«'- 
er-less-ly,  acic— pow'er-less-ncss,  n. 


n- 


,«d;    cllin;    go;    Tt  —  aing;    thin,   this. 
-n;  oil,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


poteen 
Praed 


Pow"ha-tan',  1  pau'ha-tan';  2  pow*ha-tan',  n.  An  Indian 
chief  of  Virginia.    See  Pocahontas. 

pow'wow",  1  pau'wau";  2  pow'wow",  ri.  1.  [X.  Am.  Ind.) 
(1)  To  treat  the  sick  by  conjuration.  (2)  To  hold  a  delibera- 
tive council.    2.  [Colloq.,  U.  S.]  To  hold  a  noisv  conference. 

pow'wow"  n.  1.  [N.  Am.  Ind.]  (1)  A  medicineman;  con- 
jurer. (2s  The  conjuring  of  a  medicineman  over  the  sick. 
(3)  A  dance,  feast,  or  other  public  and  noisy  celebration,  as 
beforeahunt.  (4)  A  council.  2.  [Colloq,  l.  S]  Anv  meet- 
ing for  conference,  especially  when  noisy  and  confused. 

pox,  1  peks;  2  poks,  n.  Any  disease  characterized  by  erup- 
tions of  a  purulent  nature,  especially  syphilis  or  smallpox. 
[Var.  of  pocks,  pi.  of  pock.] 

poynte'mentet.    Same  as  appointment. 

poy'ou,  1  pei'u;  2  poi'u,  n.  [Braz.]  The  six-banded  armadillo 
of  Brazil  and  Paraguay.  [BURO, 

Po"zso'ny,  1  po"3o'nya;  2  po'zho'nye,  n.    Same  as  Press- 

P.  P.,  abbr.  [L.]  Prsemissis  prsemittendis  (there  being  omitted 
what  is  to  be  omitted — referring  to  omitted  titles  in  an  ad- 
dress).— p.  p.,  abbr.  Past  participle,  play  or  pay.  proprie- 
tor.— pp.,  abbr.  Pages,  past  participle,  pianissimo  (It., 
very  soft).— P.  P.  C,  abbr.  [F.]  Pour  prendre  congt  (to 
take  leave).— pph.,  abbr.  Pamphlet.— p.  p.  1.,  abbr.  Pol- 
icy proof  of  interest.— p.  pr.,  ppr.,  abbr.  Participle  pres- 
ent.—P.  Prog.,  abbr.  Pilgrim's  Progress.  — P.  Q.,  abbr. 
Province  of  Quebec— P.  R.,  abbr.  Paradise  Regained,  Par- 
liamentary Reports,  Porto  Rico.— PR.,  abbr.  Stocts.  Pre- 
ferred.— Pr.,  abbr.  Priest,  prince,  printer,  Provencal. — 
pr.,  abbr.    Pair  (prs. ,#(.),  price,  pronoun,  proper,  present. 

praam,  1  prom;  2  pram,  n.  1.  A  Hollandish  and  Baltic  flat<" 
bottomed  barge.     2.  A  floating  battery.     [D.]     pram;. 

prac'ti-ca-bl(ep,  1  prak'ti-ka-bl;  2  praVti-ea-bl,  a.  1. 
That  can  be  put  into  practise;  feasible.  2.  That  can  be 
used  for  an  intended  purpose.  3.  Being  of  practical 
value.  —  prac"ti-ca-bil'i-ty,  n.  prac'ti-ca-bl(e- 
nessPJ.— prac'ti-oa-bly,  adv. 

prac'ti-cal,  1  prak'ti-kal;  2  prac'ti-cal,  a.  1.  Pertaining 
to  or  governed  by  actual  use  and  experience  as  con- 
trasted with  ideals  and  speculations.  2.  In  a  deroga- 
tory sense,  excessively  utilitarian;  polite.  3.  Trained  by 
or  derived  from  practise  or  experience.  4.  Having  refer- 
ence to  useful  ends  to  be  attained;  applicable  to  use.  5. 
Manifested  in  practise.  (!.  Being  such  to  all  intents  and 
purposes;  virtual,  prac'ticj  [Archaic].  —  prac"ti-cal'- 
i-ty,  n.  prac'ti-eal-nesst.— prac'tl-cal-ly,  adv.  1.  in  a 
practical  manner.  2.  To  all  Intents  and  purposes;  in  fact  or 
effect;  virtually.  —  prae-U'clan,  n.  1.  One  who  practises, 
as  an  art  or  profession;  a  practlser.    2t.  A  practitioner. 

prac'tise,  )  1  prak'tis;  2  prac'tis,  v.  [prac'tised*,  -ticed1; 

prac'tice,  >■  frac'tis-ing,  -tic-inc]    I.  t.    1.  To  perform 

prac'tiss,  )  or  use  experimentally  or  habitually;  carry  out 
practically.  2.  To  perform  repeatedly  and  systemati- 
cally by  way  of  training.  3.  To  pursue  regularly,  as  a 
profession.  4.  To  instruct  practically  by  repeated  exer- 
cises; drill.  II.  i.  1.  To  exercise  oneself  with  or  about 
something  for  amusement,  or  to  acquire  skill  or  train- 
ing. 2.  To  pursue  a  profession  or  calling.  3||.  To  plot 
and  make  use  of  schemes;  employ  stratagems  and  tricks, 

4.  To  conduct  iself.  (  <  Civ.l-L~tuv  ]>rtikt}kt>s,  practical, 

<  prassO,  do.)    Syn.:  see  follow. — prar'tl-santt . 
who  puts  in  practise  the  schemes  of  another;  an  agent,  espe- 
cially a  confederate   In  crime,      prac'lls-cr,   n.     One  Who 
practises;  a  practitioner;  a  plotter,     prac'llc-cr; .     prac- 

ti'tion-er,  n.    t.  ( >ne  who  practises  an  art  or  profession.   8. 

In  :i   bad  sense,  a  schemer. 

prac'tise, ,  n.    1.  Any  customary  action  oi  proceeding 

prac'tice,  (regarded  as  individual;  habit,  2.  An  estab- 
lished custom.  3.  The  aci  or  process  of  executing  or 
accomplishing,  4.  The  regular  proseoution  ol  a  busi- 
ness pursuit  requiring  education:  profet  ional  business. 
a.  Frequent  ami  repeated  exercise  in  any  matter.  6. 
Stratagem  or  scheme  for  a  bad  purpose;  trick:  mostly 
in  i  Ic  | iln ml.  7.  A  method  or  rule  oi  procedure,  as  in 
arithmel  ic  and  legal  bu  ii 

Syn.:  drill,   exercise.      ExeTCUe   IS  action   with  a   view    to 

employing,  maintaining,  or  Incres  olj  for 

enjoyment    i     ■  ■■•  la  systematic  exercUe  with  a  view  to  the 
acquirement  of  fai  lllty  and 

a  walk  for  i n rette,  or  takes  i Imi  on  the 

also    used    of    putting    Into    aOtlOD    .".'I 

effect  what  one  baa  learned  oi   holds        i  theory;  as,  the 
'  i  of  law  or  medicine;  a  prof. :   ion  of  rel 

but   the  prOCliSt    of  It   Is  better        I    .In.    ,l  ....  ,11 

volunt  ittempt  to  make  akUl  a  AaMl;  as, 

practise  in  penmanship,    nnn  is  systematic 

common!]  enforced  practi  tundei  a  teacnei  or  commander 

..  hut,  m  \-.m  i!      Prep     praotlaa 

of  a  pi,,  u  or  Upon  an  limine 

pr:i'-.  I  .1.  Bamo  .•>    phi    .  1"  !■ 

In  el iny  word  •  now 

Praed,  i  pred;2  prad,  Wlnthrop  Biackwortta  (1803  I 

An  KuKllah  poet  uud  essayist. 


tra 


in  11  ti lr<-      u  u       (»t.  far*-.  («»»t:  rc  It,  pollee:  0    net.fr;  full,  rttla;  bot,  bftra; 

,.,  .       .        i  .     .         .  ,iii..  i. in,  «>■.  won,  010 


prag-llial 


pr.-n..   in.  ii 

i  .i   rl-.il. 

I.    IVr- 

i'U-ltl.". 

• 

I 
pr  icmallr   -un  don.  an  Imperial 
:i  fundamental  law. 

I  in  17  1.1 

Mi.-  i.  - 
prag-m  ii  i-.  al, 
1  lelf-lmportant: 

t 

-l»  . 

,     ■-,  .i-ii.  ...         prmi  in .i-ti-iii.  .      i 
■....■trine 

pr  mi  m.i-ii-t   •. 

pr*f .  a.     A  uni- 

•  mla: 
1 1 .000. 

prairie. 


Prairie-schooner. 


p.    Ik  ii 


!  generally  of 
i  aited 

i  ri.   iiii.k'Vn,  n.   The  pinnated  grouse 
biro.      p.agrousel; 

■  .   rt.     A   marmot  of  the  plains  <if  Xonh 
[U.   S.]      A 


p.  marmot    .      p.  schooner, 
larfi 

ero    ;  ,'     -'it  irr.  I.  !     .round' 

squ  —  p.» 

»i>lf,  • 

praise.    1    ■  [fbaibkd; 

i  . 

laud  ..r  l'1.)- 
rlfy.     [<  0  prize. 

<  1 

Sm..  I.  approve,  bless,  cele- 

brate 

glorify,  honor,  laud,  macnlfy,  worship.    .<<•<     pralrle-dog. 
-Ant:   see   synonyms  for   Asr>  i/,, 

BLIVE 

praise,        l.  d,  as  of  a  person  for 

g  meritorious  actions;  applause. 
[i  rred;  laudation  to 
God    3.  'I  I  ■.  "r  subject  ol 

Sn.  nation,  applause,  approba- 

;  lunent,  encomium, 
Bait,  r  phancy.    Praise 

ol  an   individual,  or  of  a  number 
Individually,  and   i 
gpo, .  mtaneous  out- 

.  tn  any  way,  by 
atari.:  I  mils,  (raving  of  l 

tarnation  is  ti  ■ 
roval  ol  many  at  once,  and  strictly 
:.  moderator  by  accla- 
Ucally  unanimous 

•  1    by   applause. 
Acel '■.  i  for  acclamation,  commonly 

a  nation's  acclaim.    I'lauilil 
Is  a  -  immonly  used  In  the  plural; 

aa.tr.  thegen- 

.-.  ..-.-.  ■';-.  ■  ,i  ppr.,',a'i<>ri  is  a  milder  and  more  quali- 
fied word  than  pr :  Iways  uttered 
ballon  may  be  silent.  A  a  Object  or  ac- 
tion; approbation  may  r-  '  ter  or  nature 
Approval  al  careful  examination, 
and  h  may  be 
upo:. 

clerr  ipprobatlon;  his  decision  in  B 

Instance  receives  his  approtal.    Praise  Is  always  understood 
aa  gei  the  contrary  hi  i 

siat<  I  l?ht  form  of  praise  that  may  or  may 

not  l 

PHt"-E.  BTTL08T.— AntJ  abuse. 
awe,  condemnation,   contempt,   denunciation.  diKannroba- 


llnii.illiiappniviil  illHpnrniK'iiioiit,  hltMlng,  Ignominy, obloquy, 
proof,  repudiation  .  \  IIIDcauon, 

\  ltU|M 

pr.tl-r«ur"tli) ,  pr.il-i    »ur"(lil-l) ,        <ulr. 

pralae  »..r"t bl>neaa,  .. 
pr.i  line,  1  prd'lin;  '..'  pril'Un,  n      \  crisp  oonfeotlon  ..f  mu- 
ll' | 

pr.ni.  .  .  ;n,  v..  i  I,',  en  \s.  'i\,,  |     I. 

■ . mi. IK    with  high  I  Ii   ome 

".   i  ■  ride  in  a  c  M"  i  ing  mam    i      S.   i  ,•  mo\ >■ 

pr.uir  'it,  n 

prank,  l  prank .  2  i  I  .  I '.. deoorati 

1 1 >  ;  ii  ly  show      II.  n      \  ■  Mi  "I- 

•  urn  t.  .    M'nh  i  prank  'l-.li.   a. 

Prone  to  pranks     pranlde,    I    [RareorProi  :    ro  prance 

■  ,-.l\  in'l-iiin.  1 1 1 '  i  1 1 1 1 1 .  :."  i .  r . ,  ■  .    ...I'.in'i- 

iini.  -.  etaillc  element      Si  •■  i  u  mi  N  i 

prate,  :  1.  ■    ■  i       >  i 

i ..  talk  about  vainly;  in-  foolishly  loquacious,     Byi 

nun. IK.      II.  n.    Idle  talk:   prattle      |-     Ml),  prnlcn,  prate.] 
pral'er.    n 

prmi  'in ue.  i  prat'is  or  (I   •  pr.rtik'.  2  prank  i 
n     i.  i ',.».'    Intercourse  or  correspondence;  especial] 
Qege  of  going  ashore  al  a  port     2  .  Practise;  custom.   [F.l 

prut'llc,  lpratT,  2:  I.  I  i  i  k  ;  I'HA'I  '- 

]    'I',,  utter  in  a  simple  or  childish  way  ;  talk  ,-irt- 
ii.  n.  < 'iiriiiish  speech; 
benee,  Idle  talk.     Ii  req.  of  prati  .  i  I     prat  'tier,  n, 
pr.-n'i-t>,  l  prav'i-ti;  2  prav'i-ty.  n      Depravity;  deviation 

from  right    [<  L.  pratritas,  <  pratnu,  deformed.] 
prawn,  1  pren;  2  praii,        \  ihrimp»like  orustaei  an,  com- 

i i!  reat  Britain     [  <  L.  perna,  seam 

prax'ls,  1  praks'is;  2  prAks'is.  n,    1.  Exerelse  or  discipline  for 
a  specific  purpose;  practical  application  of  rules  as  distin- 
guished from  theory,    'i.  ,\  collection  ol  examples,  themes, 
tor  practise,  as  In  grammar.     [<  Or.  praxis,  <    V  prao 
9,  do  I 
Pru-lt'e-les,  1   praks-lt'l-Us;  2  praks-lt'c^les,  n.     A  Greek 
sculptor  (1th  century  li.  ' 

pray,  1  pr.";  2  prft.  r.    I.  t.    1.  To  address  devoutly  or 
earn  I     "i.  To  entreat  with  urgency;  solicit 

Strenuously.  S.  To  ask  for  formally.  4.  To  offer  up  or 
utter,  as  in  devotion,  II.  i.  1.  To  make  pious  invoca- 
tion of  the  Supreme  Being.  "3.  To  make  request  ear- 
ly; implore.  [  <  OF.  prater,  <  I>.  precor,  ask] 
Syri.:  ask,  beg,  beseech,  bid,  conjure,  entreat.  Implore, 
Importune.  Invoke,  petition,  request,  supplicate.      Sec  ask. 

prayer,  1  priir;  2  pr&r,  n.    1.  The  ad  of  offering  reverent, 

petit  ■    to  Clod.     '2.  Tlic-  act  of  beseeching 

earnestly.    •!.  A  religious  si  rvice  of  which  prayer  is  the 
prominent  part.    4.  A  form  of  words  appropriate 
to  prayer.    5.  A  memorial  or  petition. 

Sjti.:  adoration,  devotion,  invocation,  litany,  orison,  peti- 
tion, request,  suit,  supplication  Bee  petition.-  common 
prayer,  the  prescribed  form  of  public  worship  of  the  Angli- 
can and  Protestant  Episcopal  churches—  prayer'=book",  n, 
a  book  of  ritual  prescribed  for  conducting  divine  service. — 
prayer 'ful,  a.  prajer'lcss,  ,, . 
pre-,  1  pri-;  2  prf-.  prefix.  Before,  as  In  time,  place,  or  rank. 
[<  L.  pre-,  L.  prse-,  <  pnc.  before.] 

/■-•-  is  a  constituent   of  various  nouns,   adjectives,  and 
verbs,  self-explalnint;  in  connection  with  their  second  ele- 
,    sense  of  "before  In  time;  In  advance;  prior; 
for.--":  as: 

pre'ac-qualnt'''         pre*de-llb*cr-a'tlon  pre'ex-ls'tent 
pre"ac-<iualn'tance  pre*de-slgn'  pre'flo-ra'tlon 

pre-act'd  pre-dss'ig-nate*,  f.    pre-form'.  r. 

pr.-ac'tion  pre-des'lg-nate,  a.    pre*for-ma'tion 

Iire-ad'ap-ta'tlon  pre-deB"ig-na'tlon  pn-Kla'clal 

pre*ad-Just'ment  pre'de-tcr'ml-na-  pre'his-tor'lc 

pre'ad-mon'ish1  bl(e  pre*his-tor'l-cal 

pre-ad'mo-ni'tlon  pre'de-ter'ml-nate,  pre"in-struct'' 

pre-an-nounce/'  a.                 [Hon  pre-in'tl-ma'tlon 

pre"ap-point'i  pre"de-ter*mi-na'-  pre-knowl'edge 

pre*ap-polnt'ment  pre'de-ter'mlne  pre-na'tal 

pre'ar-range'  pre*di  pre-na'tal-ly 

pre'ar-range'ment  pre'dl-gee'tlon  pre-oe'eu-pan-cy 

pre-eog'i-tated  pre'dlsHJOv'er  pre"or-dain' 

pre-cog'1-ta'tlon  pre*dl8-cov'er-y  pre-or"dl-na'tlon 

pre'cog-nl'tlon  pre'dls-pose'  pre-pay' 

pre-cog'ni-za-bl(ev  pre-dls'po-sl'tlon  pre-pay'ment 

prc-co^-'nl-zant  pre'e-lct'  •'•  pre're-qulre/ 

pre"con-celve'  pre"e-lec'tion  pre-rev"o-lu'tlon-a- 

pre-con-cep'tlon  pre'em-ploy'                 ry 

pre*con-cert'  pre'en-gage'  pre'se-lect'" 

pre*con-sent'tf  pre'en-gage'ment  pre-show' 

pre*e8-tab'llsh«  pre-sle'nl-fy 

pre-con'sti-tuteo  pre"es-tab'llsh-  pre'sur-mlse' 

pre*  con-tract'"1, ».  ment          [Hon  pre"«Ter'tl-a-ry 

pre-con'tract,  n.  pre'ex-am'l-na'-  pre-typ'l-fy 

pre-con-trlve'  pre*ex-am'lne  pre-vlew',  v.                , 

pre'date'11  pre"ex-lst'  pre-vi'slon 

pre'de-cease'  pre*ex-ls'tence  pre-warn' 


1:  a  =  final;    l==hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    IQ  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sin<7;    Chin,   this,   praemunire 
611  2:wplf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   r||le,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  precise 


preach1,  1  prich;  2  prech,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  deliver,  as  a  ser- 
mon on  a  text  of  Scripture  or  some  religious  topic.  2. 
To  advocate  after  the  manner  of  a  preacher;  recommend 
urgently.  3.  To  bring  into  a  condition  or  affect  in  some 
specified  way  by  preaching.  4 1|.  To  proclaim.  II.  i.  1. 
To  discourse  publicly  on  a  text  of  Scripture  or  a  religious 
topic.  2.  To  inculcate  matters  of  advice  or  instruction 
earnestly  and  zealously.  3.  To  converse  in  didactic 
monolog.  [<  L.OF  prsedico,  proclaim.]  —  preach 'er, 
n.  One  who  discourses  publicly  on  religious  subjects. — 
preach  'i-fy,  vi.  [Colloq.]  To  discourse  tediously. — 
preach"i-fi-ca'tion,  n. — preach'ing,  n.  The  act  or  prac- 
tise of  preaching;  the  style  or  method  of  a  preacher,  or  the 
doctrine  preached. — preach 'ment,  n.  A  religious  or  moral 
lecture;  sermon;  harangue. 

pre-ad 'a m-Ite,  1  prl-ad'am-oit;  2  pre-ad'am-It.  I.  a.  Exist- 
ing before  Adam;  relating  to  the  preadamites.  pre"a- 
dam'ict;  pre-ad"am-it'ic  or-l-cal  +  .  II.  n.  1.  One  who 
or  that  which  existed  before  Adam  or  before  man.  2.  One 
holding  that  there  were  men  on  the  earth  before  Adam. 

pre'am"bl(ep,  1  prl'am"bl;  2  pre'am"bl,  n.  A  statement 
introductory  to  and  explanatory  of  what  follows.  [  < 
LL.  prxambulo,  walk  before.] — pre-am'bu-la-to-ryf,  a. 
Walking  or  going  before;  preceding;  previous. 

preb'end,  1  preb'end;  2  preb'end,  n.  1.  The  stipend  of  a 
prebendary.  2.  Same  as  prebendary.  [<  L.  prsebendus, 
ger.  of  prxbeo,  offer,  <  prx,  before,  +  habeo,  have.] — preb'- 
en-dal,  a. — preb'en-da-ry,  n.  A  person,  as  a  canon,  who 
receives  a  stated  income  from  the  revenues  of  a  cathedral. 

Preb'le,  1  preb'l;  2  preb'l,  n.  1.  Edward  (1761-1807),  an 
American  commodore.  2.  George  Henry  (1816-1S85),  an 
American  commodore. 

prec,  abbr.    Preceding. 

pre-ca'ri-ous,  1  pri-ke'ri-us;  2  pre-ca'ri-us,  a.  1.  Subject 
to  continued  risk;  uncertain.  2.  Subject  or  leading  to 
danger.  3.  Not  firmly  established;  untrustworthy.  [< 
L.  precarius,  obtained  by  entreaty.]     -Iy,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

Syn.:  doubtful,  dubious,  equivocal,  hazardous,  insecure, 
perilous,  risky,  unassured,  uncertain,  unsettled,  unstable, 
unsteady.  Uncertain  is  applied  to  things  that  human  knowl- 
edge can  not  certainly  determine  or  that  human  power  can 
not  certainly  control;  precarious  originally  meant  dependent 
on  the  will  of  another,  and  now,  by  extension  of  meaning, 
dependent  on  chance  or  hazard,  with  manifest  unfavorable 
possibility  verging  toward  probability;  as,  one  holds  office 
by  a  precarious  tenure,  or  land  by  a  precarious  title;  the 
strong  man's  hold  on  life  is  uncertain,  the  invalid's  is  pre- 
carious.— Ant.:  assured,  certain,  firm,  immutable,  incon- 
testable, settled,  stable,  steady,  strong,  sure,  undoubted, 
unquestionable. 

pre-cau'tion,  1  pn-ke'slian;2pre-€a'shon,  n.  1.  Prudent 
forethought,  as  against  danger,  etc.  2.  A  provision 
made  for  some  emergency.  [OF.,  <  L.LL  prx,  before, 
+  caveo,  avoid.]  Syn.:  see  care.— pre-cau'tlon-a-ry,  a. 
pre-cau'tion-all.— pre-cau'tious,a.    -Iy, adv.    -ness, n. 

pre-cede',  1  pn-sld';  2  pre-ced',  v.  [pre-ced'ed"1;  pbe- 
ced'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  go  in  advance  of;  hence,  to  out- 
rank or  excel.  2.  To  occur  or  exist  before.  3.  To  place 
something  before  or  in  advance  of;  supply  as  with  a 
prelude.  II.  i.  1.  To  go  or  walk  before  some  one  else; 
hence,  to  have  the  precedence.  2.  To  happen  first.  [< 
OF.  preceder,  <  L.  prxcedo,  <  prx,  before.  +  cedo,  go] 

Syn.:  be  antecedent  to,  be  anterior  to.  be  earlier  than,  be 
in  advance  of,  be  previous  to,  be  the  forerunner  or  harbinger 
of,  come  before,  exist  before,  forerun,  go  ahead  of.  go  before, 
go  or  come  sooner  than,  happen  before,  head,  herald,  lead, 
occur  before,  take  precedence  of,  lake  place  before,  usher  in. 
See  lead.  — Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  follow. 

pre-ce'dence,  n.  Tbe  act  or  right  of  preceding,  pre- 
ce'den-cyj. 

Syn.:  antecedence,  ascendency,  lead,  leadership,  pre- 
eminence, preference,  priority,  superiority,  supremacy. — 
Ant.:  inferiority,  subjection,  subjugation,  subordination. 
--Prep.:  take  precedence  «/.— pre-ce'dent,  a.    -Iy,  adv. 

pree'e-dent,  n.  1.  Previous  usage  or  established  mode 
of  procedure.  2.  An  antecedent,  3.  A  judicial  decision 
considered  as  furnishing  a  rule  for  subsequent  decisions. 
4f.  An  original,  as  a  rough  draft. 

Syn.:  antecedent,  case,  example,  Instance,  obiter  dictum, 
pattern,  warrant.     A   precedent   is  an  autnorltatlvi 
example,  or  instance.     The  communism  ol   the  early  Chris- 
tians In  Jerusalem   Is  a  wonderful   isnm/il,    or   liulanct    ol 
Christian  liberality,  but,  not  a   precedent  for  tin-  universal 
church  through  till  time     Ca  et  decided  by  Irregular  or  un- 
authorized tribunals  are  not  precedents  tor  the  regulai  ad 
ministration  of  law.    An  obiter  dictum  of  a  ludge  01  i 
an  opinion  outside  or  the  in s<    in    hand,  winch   can   not    be 
quoted  as  an  authoritative  precedent.     See    \\n> 
cause;  example. 

pre-cen'tor,  1  pn-sen'tsr;  2  pre  cen'tor,  »  The  leader 
of  the  musical  part  of  a  church  service.     [<   I     pr«. 


pre'eept,  1  prl'sept;  2  pre'cSpt,  n.  1.  A  prescribed  rule 
of  conduct  or  action;  especially,  a  maxim  in  morals'.  2. 
Law.  A  judicial  command  in  writing;  writ;  process. 
[OF.,  <  L.  prxceptum,  <  prxcipio,  take  beforehand,  ad- 
monish.] Syn.:  see  adage;  doctrine.— pre-cep'tialt,  a. 
instructive.— pre-cep'tiv(es,  a.  Consisting  of  precepts.— 
pre-cep'tor,  n.  1.  A  teacher;  instructor.  2.  The  superior 
of  a  preceptory  of  Knights  Templars.— pre"cep-to'rl-al,  a. 
— pre-eep'to-ry.  I.  a.  Preceptive;  mandatory.  II.  n. 
A  place  of  instruction;  specifically,  a  religious  house  of  the 
Knights  Templars.— pre-cep'tress,  n.    a  female  preceptor 

pre-ces'sion,  1  pn-sesVen;  2  pre-cCsh'on,  n.  The  act  of 
preceding  or  coming  in  advance  of  time  or  of  other  per- 
sons or  things.  [OF.,  <  L.  prxcessux,  pp.  of  prsecedo; 
see  precede.]— precession  or  the  equinoxes,  a  slow  mo- 
tion of  the  equinoctial  points  on  the  ecliptic  from  east  to 
west,  causing  the  time  between  successive  equlnoxi 
appreciably  shorter  than  it  would  otherwise  be:  caused  by 
the  attraction  of  the  sun  and  moon  upon  the  equatorial  pro- 
tuberance of  the  earth. — pre-ces'slon-al,  a. 

pre'einct,  lpri'sir)kt;2pre'?in€t,  ».  1.  A  place  definitely 
marked  off  by  fixed  lines.  '».  A  minor  territorial  or  juris- 
dictional district.  3.  The  immediate  neighborhood  of  a 
palace  or  a  court.    [<  L.  pras,  before,  ,  gird.] 

pre"ci-os'i-ty,  1  preSh'l-es'l-U;  3  presh'J-OS'l-ty,  i».  F.xlrcme 
fastidiousness,  especially  in  speech. 

pre'eious,  1  presh'rjs;  2  presh'iis,  a.  1.  Highly  priced  or 
prized,  as  for  rarity,  or  for  intrinsic,  exchangeable,  or 
other  value;  valuable.  2.  Of  a  kind  to  excite  peculiar 
affection;  dear.  3.  Blessed  in  enjoyment  or  benefit.  4. 
Ironically,  good«for«nothing;  undeserving.  5.  [Colloq.] 
Very  considerable.  [  <  L.°* pretiosus,  <  pretium,  price  j 
Syn.:  see  choice;  excellent;  good;  rare.  —  pre'clous-ly, 
adv. — pre'eious-ness,  n 

prec'i-pjee,  )  1  pres'i-pis;  2  preVi-pfc,  n.    1.  A  high  and 

prec'i-piss,  J  very  steep  cliff.  2.  A  perilous  situation 
3f.  The  brink  of  such  a  cliff.  [OF.,  <  L.  prweipitium, 
<  praiceps.  headlong.] 

pre-eip'i-tant,  1  pn-sip'i-tent;  2  pre-eip'i-tant.  I.  a.  1. 
Rushing  or  falling  headlong.  2.  Rash  in  thought  or  ac- 
tion. II.  n.  Chem.  A  reagent  that  when  added  or 
applied  to  a  solution  causes  a  precipitate  of  one  or  more 
of  its  constituents. — pre-cip'l-tancc,  ii.  The  quality 
of  being  precipitant;  rashness.    prc-clp'l-lan-c>  J. 

pre-cip'i-tate,  1  pn-sip'i-tSt;  2  pre-olp'i-tat,  b.  [-tat*- 
EDd;  -tat"inq.]  I.  t.  1.  To  throw  down  from  a  height. 
2.  To  urge  onward  rashly;  hasten.  3.  To  cause  to  fall 
or  to  gather  upon  surfaces  by  condensation.  4.  Chi  m. 
To  separate  (a  constituent)  in  solid  form,  as  from  a  solu- 
tion. II.  i.  1.  To  fall  headlong  from  a  height.  It.  Chem. 
To  separate  and  subside,  as  a  substance  held  in  solution. 
[<  L.  prseceps,  headlong.] 

pre-cip'i-tate,  1  pn-sip'i-tit;  2  pre-clp'i-tat.  I.  a.  1. 
Rushing  down  headlong,  or  moving  onward  hurriedly. 
2.  Hasty.  3.  Advanced  prematurely.  II.  n.  A  sub- 
Stance  separated  from  a  solution  by  chemical  or  other 
force  not  mechanical.  Syn.:  see  impetuous,  pre-clp'l- 
ta-bl («'*,  1  pn-slp'i-ta-bl;  2  pre-cip'i-ta-bl,  a.  Susceptible 
of  being  precipitated;  as,  a  precipitable  salt,  prc-rlp'l- 
tant-ly,  adv.— pre-clp 'l-tate-ly,  adv.  —  pre-clp 'Mute- 
ness, n. — pre-clp'1-ta'tlon,  n.  I.  The  act  or  process  of 
precipitating.  -.  The  deposition  of  moisture  from  the  at- 
mosphere upon  the  surface  of  the  earth,      pre-elp  'l-Ia"lor, 

n. — pre-cip'l-tous,  a.  I.  Similar  to  a  precipice;  ven  Bteep. 
2.  Headlong  and  downward  In  motion,  S.  Headlong  In  dis- 
position; precipitate;  hasty.  Syn.;  see  steep  pre-clp 'I- 
tous-Iy,  "</'     pre-clp 'I- tous-ness,  » 

pre'Vis',  i  prB*sl';2  pre"ci'.  n.    a  summary;  abstract.    |K.) 
pre-cise',  1  pri-sais';  2  pre-cls',  <j.    I.  Sharply  oi 
determined;  strictly  accurate;  exact      '-'■  No  more  and 

no  less  than.     3.  Noting  or  confined  to  a  certain  I  him-., 

particular;  identical  -I.  Borupulou  u  observant  ot 
rule;  punctilious.     I  •    L.OF prse,  before,  !  ul  I 

Syn.:  accurate,  careful,  correct,  definite,  distinct,  exact, 
explicit,  faultless,  flawless,  minute  nice,  particular,  p 
rigid,  tight,  scrupulous,  strict, 

exact,  preci  ■    all  dei absolute  <■ < 

ternal   tandard      lec*  ah  if..  <«>.  to.  ; 

conformity  secured    by  Scrupulous   C8TI         * "i.  ■ 

suremenf  or  account  can  bo  verified  and  found  true  in  nil 

particular      The  native  English  w 

ceartt  care)  less  sharp  certain!  lupldlty 

iratt    stupidity    Is   almosi    unthli 
Exact   (I     ■ 

worked  oul   to  the  utmo  I   llm rci 

re  peel :  i 0  Ido,  out  off,  from  prm,  b(  to 

eaedo,  cud  refers  to  ■■<  like  confi  i  d  bj  cuttlnK 

,,i[  ;,n  .      ,  ct  and  ire  ofton  Intt  rcham  •  abli  . 

in, i .  , in-  out  1 1  a  gn  att  i  ai  hl(  i t  than  cutting  oft, 

jgher  word:  we  speak  ot  the  czacJ  •clenoas,  not 
,,i  n,,. ;,,,,,    ,  .mi       Henoe,  ■'  W  invidious 


before,  +  cano,  sing. J 

For  words  In  pre-  not  given  above  see  i .  i,  ,  prefix,  page  010 


pri-.lu.tr        .    .i  .11..  ■■   .   full,  rflle;  btlt.  bOrn; 

preparr  «      I        i  11,  i     i       i  i     I;  gO,  nftt,  Or,  wta,     (512 


i  ..(  Hi.. 

i    ..(   i lir 
di.llhf  fill.  I  I 

mtatj . 

.     |),  |.r,  -.  I-.     II.  ".     .         pr.  -.  I    ^1  III.    '. 

pre-cl  '- 

s|..n  pre-rl-»lon-l»t, 

pr.-.  Ii:  '•    . 

1 . 

'.'.  i         it  out;  <  Kolude. 

StrlCtl)    to  stop  the 

.   nil.  r. .  |)l  Ion, 

nil)   w  iihstatid  >.r  dis- 

..r  shut 

.i  ncces- 

l 

■  :  dlflU-ult)   Is  o 

inticlpator)  meaning, 

m  al  unj  stage, 
[inclusion;  t  bi    i 
pit  :  from  can- 

hindkr;  pbohibit; 
Prei'  I  from  an  act.     pro* 

rlu  -!..ii.  pr.-.  In  «l\  i-  .        -I>  . 

ctoas,  Is,        i ' 

a;  unusually  forward;  pre- 

I,  early 

-i>.  iir.-r.i.'i-t) ,  pi.    The  quality  >.r  being 

prec.  :ii      pre-co'clous-nesst. 

prc-cur'M»r,  1  pr.  who  or 

-  intimation  ol  a 

■■a,  run.)    Syn.:  Bee  HERALD. 
|,r,  .,  1 1  r   -  —  r>  .  pr.  -.  or   -ii    I 

prod 'a-ii>-r> .  irto-ry,  a.    1.  Char- 

•  plundering.    2.  Addicted 

pr.  -.l.i  .  Ions     -ceous  .   {.Constituted 

ipon  others,  as  a  beast  or  bird. 

■  1  .  r.] 

pr.  I  .-....'Mir,   |  .   pred'e-ceVor,   ■       1. 

another  in  p 
.'. 

parture.] 
pr.-.|.  •-  il-iiiir.    |  Z    pre-des'ti-nat,    at. 

■  decree  beforehand 
inning  of  things;  foreordain.     [<  L. 

f|ir.-.lis"tl-na'rl-aii. 
i  ion.    ■;.  Holding  Hi.'  .Lu- 

ll, n.     A   believer  in  pr.   : 
pr  -.|.  •    (l-iia'ri-aii-Nm,    n.  —  pre-des'tl-nale. 
I .  od.     II.  n.    one  n  b. 

i i-na  linn.    ]    pn-d   r*l  -■  >        in;  2  pre-deVti- 
I . 

ie  foreordination  of 

all':  ling  the  future  bliss  or  wo  of  men. 

Syr.  ordination,  necessity.  Fate 

Is  I,'  r   determining 

•  Ion   with   re 

.  otuneas;  ntc  l.  a  blind  something 

nun  or  motion 
.  tence;  foreori 
and  prtdc.  .  denoting  (lie  rational  and 

rne  and  all'U 
.    .    . 
:    .ruble  from   I, is 
■    I..-    in- 
sepa."  .  -  Ant.: 

char..  ...,!.    Independence,   m..-.  r- 

talnly.  — Prep.:  pr.  I  life, 

i.r.  -.;  ,  re-des'ttne,  rt.    1 

pre'dl-al,  1  prl'di-al;  2  pre/dl-al.     1.         I.  I  01  listing  Of  land; 

relating 

.<!,  belonging 

estate,  or  resulting  from  teriar.e'.  of  farm-     II.  n.     A  predial 

servant,  as   .  P.,  <  L.  prxdlum,  farm.  < 

pt  .     i'-.I 

pr.-.lir'a-ment,  1  pn-dik'a-ment  or  -rnant;  2  pre-cbVa- 

ment,  n.    1.  or  condition;  especially,  a 


...  amusing  lituation     '-'  .   \  ■ 

:t.  I  \  |.i,  a 

■    :  procl   Im  I 

pi.  .1    i-i    il.  .     ! 

I.       l.i  belonging  ti 

iju  ii.i  \  ..i  :.i  tribute  "t  no  objei  i     '.'.  1 1     B.j 

liah:  with  on  or  u]  ll-        I  i  d   ike  oi  con  unite  an 

ill. .u       |  •  PP-   ol 

PREDICAMENT. |      Sill      MO  AFFIRM        predl-.l- 1.1   e '  .      1.0, 

i  .:.\  be  predicated     ll.  »      \m  Hi  •  ip< 

clall)  r  attribute afflrmabli  i  pred"l- 

r.i-hiri-i) .  preii 'l-<aiii.     I.  a      I.  Predicating.      'I. 

n         I.,  in.-  who  predicates  '.'.  \  i  lomlnloan 

prt-il'l-i  .i"th    <•   .  -I),  pre.T  I-.   i   (loll,  ;. . 

rreil  'l-.a-lii-rj  .  ,i 
i-ralc,  1  prca'i-kit;  2  pred'i  cat,  a      I.  Pr 

a  aging,  relating  to,  •  >i  ol  the  nature  ••!  .-.  predicate, 
pr«'«ri-c.iii',  I.  <  I  hi    word  01  word    in 

ject;  thai  which  is  affirmed  or  denied.  '!.  \  quality  or 
property  inherent  in  or  asserted  to  belong  to  a  thing. 

pre-dlel  '■■,  1  pn-dikt';  2  pre-dlet',  ■  <      to  make  known 
.  band,  as  som<  thing  thai  is  (..  happen;  prophesy; 

i.. i.  i  i     p ■ .. .  before, 

speak  |      Syn.    .-.■.•     \i.,in:    PROPHESI       pri'-illr'lloii,    n. 

The  acl  ol  roreteUlng,  or  the  thing  foretold;  a  prophecy; 

pn-ilir'llt   .",  a.    -1},  mil       pre-<lle'tor.  n 

pr«'"<ll-l«'c'tioii,  1  pi-I'di-lek'shan;  2  preTdi-lee'shon,  n. 
A.  favorable  prepossession;  preference,  [<  I.  prat,  be- 
fore, •  ii, !><;■'.  love.]    Sin   Bee  fancy;  inclination;  reuse 

pr. -.loin  i-natc,   1    pri-.lnin'i-nei ;  2  pre-d&m'i-u 
[-N\rii,';  -n\i"i\..|     To  have  superior  strength  ..( 
authority;  exercise  governing  influence  or  control;  pre- 
vail: preponderate. 

pre-dom'i-nant,  1  pn-dem'i-nsnl ;  2  pre-dom'i  oanl .  a. 
oi  in  power;  prevailing  over  others-    [<  J..  prasf 
before,   i   dominor,  dominate  i 

Syn.:  ascendent,  chief,  commanding,  controlling,  domi- 
nant, prevailing,  prevalent,  regnant,  sovereign,  superior, 
supreme.  Ant.:  accessory,  complementary,  contributory, 
inferior,  subordinate,  subsidiary,  unimportant,     pre-dom'- 

l-nanee  ,r-nan-.),  n.  pre-dom 'l-lian(-l)  ,  ml',  pre- 
dom'l-nal"liiK-l),  adv.     pre-dom"l-iia'll«»n,  n. 

prc-i'in'i-iicnl,  1  prl-em'i-nentj  L'  prS-Sm'i-nSnt,  a,  1. 
Supremely  eminent;  distinguished  above  all  others; 
transcendent;  supreme,  'i.  Extraordinary  in  degree; 
extreme;  superlative.  |<>F.,  <  I.,  pras,  before,  |  emir 
nut,  stand  forth]  Syn.:  s\jp  i-ahamocnt.  -ly,  arfr.— pre- 
em'I-nence,  n.    Syn.:  see  phkcedence. 

pre-empt'1, 1  prl-empt';  2  pre-empt',  b,  1. 1.  To  acquire 
or  appropriate  beforehana;  especially  [U.  8.],  t,,  secure 
the  rigbi  of  preference  in  the  purchase  ol  (public  land), 
II.  i.     [U.  s]  To  take  up  public  land  by  preemption, 

[<  L.  prx,  before,  +  «mpflo(n-),  a  buying.]  pre-emp'- 
Uon,n.    The  rik'ht  or  act  of  preempting.      pre-iinp'tlv(CH, 

ii.    pre-emp'tor,  n. 

preen,  1  iirin;  2  prSn,  vt.  To  smooth  and  .Ir.-.ss  with  the 
l.e.-.k, : i    birds  their  feathers.    |  Yar.  of  prune,  v.] 

preest,  n.    Same  as  pri  ss,  n. 

pref.i  abor.    Preface,  preference,  prefix. 

pref'ace,  1  pref'is;  2  preTac,  b.  [pbep'aced';  pbef'ao 
iN.i.]    I.  (.    1.  To  open  with  a  preliminary  statement  or 

act.     'i.  To  write  or  serve  as  a  preface  for.     II.  i.     To 

write,  .-peak,  or  do  something  as  a  preface, 
preface,  n      1.  A  brief  explanation  or  address  to  the 

i  al  the  bet-'iiiiiiin.'  of  a  book  or  other  publication 
'£.  Any  introductory  speech,  writing,  etc.  [OF.,  <  ]..'■'- 
T>TxfatU)(n-) ,  <  prx,  before,  +  for,  speak. ]  — pref'a-t«-r>  ,  a. 

pre'leet,  l  pri'fekt;  2  pre'leet, /.  X.llir.i  a  Roman  gov- 
ernor or  commander.  "'.  The  head  of  a  French  depart  ■ 
in. -tit     3.  One  of  various  other  i  in  ecclesiasti- 

cal dignitarj  .  or  a  superintendenl  in  a  Catholic  college. 
|.ii  .  •  i.  .prtefectii  ,  prop.  pp.  of  prseflcio,  set  over.]  praj'- 
feel:.  pre-lee'to-ral,  '/.  pre"fee-to'rl-alJ.  pre'lee- 
Inre,  a.  The  Office,  Jurisdiction,  or  province  of  a  prefe.-t; 
also,  the  Official  building  for  his  use. 

pre-fer',   1   pri-fOr';  2  pre-fer',   it.  a';   cni;- 

i  ik'him.)    1.  To  give  precedence  in  the  mind;  hold  in 

lowlier  estimation;  like  better:  with  lo,  .sometimes  uhun  , 

and  randy  in  .I'm     ''.  To  advance,  as  to  a  rank  or  office; 
nominal.-;  appoint     :{.  To  offer  for  consideration;  prof- 
fer.    4.  To  give  priority,  as  to  one  ere.  lit  or  or  one  form 
'  n  rn,   <  prx,  before, 

r.|  Syn.:  see  choose;  promote.-  pref'er-a- 
bl  <  ,  a.  pref'er-a-bl  e-ness' ,  /,.  prcf"er-a-bll'l-ty{. 
pref'er-a-bly,  mli .  pref'er-ence,  u.  The  act  of  pre- 
ferring, the  state  of  being  preferred,  or  that  which  Is  pre- 
ferred. S.vn.:  see  ALTERNATIVE;  PRECEDENCE.— pref*er- 
cn'tial,  a.    Possessing  or  giving  priority  or  preference,  as  In 


For  words  in  pre-  not  given  above  see  pre-,  prefix,  page  610. 


1:3=  final;    i  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    iu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sinff;    thin,  this,     preclude 
613       2: wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,    cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.        prepare 


tariffs  or  railroad  charges. — pre-fer'ment,  n.  1.  Advance- 
ment; promotion.  2.  Superior  dignity.  3f.  Preference. — 
pre-fer'rer,  n. 

pre-fig'ure,  1  pn-fig'yur;  2  pre-fig'yur,  vt.  1.  To  repre- 
sent beforehand  as  by  prophetic  types.  2.  To  image 
beforehand  to  oneseif. — pre-fig"ur-a'tion,  n.  pre-fig'- 
ure-mentj. — pre-fig'ur-a-tiv(es,  a. 

pre-flx '«,  1  pn-fiks' ;  2  pre-f Iks',  vt.  1.  To  put  before  or  at 
the  beginning  of  another  thing.  2f.  To  prearrange; 
also,  to  establish;  settle.  [<  OF.  prefixer,  <  L.  prx, 
before,  +  figo,  fix.] 

pre 'fix,  1  prl'fiks;  2  pre'fiks,  n.  1.  That  which  is  prefixed; 
a  significant  syllable  or  particle  used  as  the  first  element 
of  a  word.  2.  The  act  of  prefixing,  pre-flx 'ionj 
[Archaic]. — pre'fix-al,  a. 

preg'na-bJ(cP§,  1  preg'na-bl;  2  preg'na-bl,  a.  Weak  enough 
to  be  conquered ;  likely  to  yield.  [  <  L.OF  prchendo,  seize.] — 
preg/'na-bil'i-ty,  n. 

preg'nan-cy,  1  preg'nsn-si;  2  preg'nan-cy,  n.  1.  The 
state  of  being  with  young  or  with  child.  2t.  Quickness 
of  intelligence. — preg'nant,  a.  1.  Impregnated  or  great 
with  child:  usually  said  of  persons.  2.  Figuratively,  car- 
rying great  weight  or  significance;  in  rhetoric  and  logic, 
implying  more  than  is  expressed.  3.  Fruitful;  prolific; 
teeming.  4t.  Quick-witted;  shrewd;  apt;  dexterous.  5t. 
Kvident  or  obvious.     6t.    Receptive;  open,     -ly,  adv. 

pre-hen'si-bl(ep,  1  pn-hen'si-bl;  2  pre-hen'si-bl,  a.  Ca- 
pable of  being  apprehended  or  grasped.  [  <  L.  prehen- 
sus,  pp.  of  prehcndo,  prendo,  grasp,  seize.] — pre-hen'sil(e8, 
a.  Adapted  for  grasping  or  holding;  formed  to  grasp  or  coil 
around  and  cling  to  objects. — pre"hen-sll'l-ty,  n. — pre- 
ben'sion,  re.  The  act  of  laying  hold  of  or  grasping,  physi- 
cally or  mentally. — pre-hen'siv(es§,  a.  Having  the  power 
of  apprehending  or  discriminating  fact. 

pre-judge',  1  prl-juj';  2  pre-judg',  vt.  To  judge  in  ad- 
vance; determine  or  condemn  hastily. — pre-judg'- 
mi'iit,  re.    pre-judge'inentj;  pre-ju"di-ca'tioiiJ. 

prej'u-dice,  1  prej'u-dis;  2  prej'u-die.  I.  vt.  [-diced1; 
-dic-ing.]     1.  To  imbue  with  prejudice  or  aversion. 

2.  To  cause  detriment  to;  impair;  injure;  derogate 
from.  II.  n.  l.A  judgment  or  opinion  formed  with- 
out due  examination;  a  premature  or  biased  opin- 
ion. 2.  Detriment,  as  arising  from  a  hasty  and  unfair 
judgment.  [OF.,  <  L.  prx,  before,  +  judicium,  judg- 
ment.]   prej'u-dizet. 

Syn.:  bias,  partiality,  preconception,  prepossession,  pre- 
sumption, unfairness.  A  presumption  (literally,  a  taking 
beforehand)  is  a  partial  decision  formed  in  advance  of  argu- 
ment or  evidence,  usually  grounded  on  some  general  prin- 
ciple, and  always  held  subject  to  revision  upon  fuller  infor- 
mation. A  prejudice  or  prepossession  is  grounded  often  on 
feeling,  fancy,  associations,  etc.  A  prejudice  against  for- 
eigners is  very  common  in  retired  communities.  There  is 
always  a  presumption  in  favor  of  what  exists,  so  that  the 
burden  of  proof  is  upon  one  who  advocates  a  change.  A  pre- 
possession is  always  favorable,  a  prejudice  always  unfavor- 
able, unless  the  contrary  is  expressly  stated.  See  injury. — 
Ant.:  certainty,  conclusion,  conviction,  demonstration, 
evidence,  necessary  conclusion,  reason,  reasoning.  — Prep.: 
against;  rarely,  in  favor  of;  in  one's  favor. — prej"u-(li'cial,  a. 
Having  a  tendency  to  prejudice.  —  prej"u-dl'eial-Iy,  adv. 

prel'ate,  1  prel'it;  2  prel'at,  n.  (hie  of  a  higher  order  of 
clergy,  as  a  bishop  or  abbot.  [<  L.or  prselatus,  placed 
over.] — prel'a-cy,  n.  [-ciesz,  pl.\  1.  The  system  of  a 
church  government  by  prelates,  prcl'a-tisinl.  2.  The 
dignity  or  function  of  a  prelate. — prel'ate-slilp,  re.  prel'- 
a-turct.—  pre-lat'le,  pre-lat'i-eal,  a.  prc-lat'i-cal-ly, 
adv.  —  prel'a-tlsm,  n.  1.  Prelacy;  episcopacy.  2.  Pre- 
latical  partisanship. — prel'a-tist,  n. 

pre-lec'tion,  1  pn-lek'snan;  2  prc-Iec'shon,  n.  A  public  lec- 
ture, as  to  college  students.    [<  L.  prselectio,  <  pras,  before, 

+  lego,  read.]— pre-leC'tOr,  re.     A  lecturer  In  a  university. 

pre"ll-ba'tlon,  n.    a  preliminary  offering;  anticipation.    [< 

L.  prx.  before,  +  UbO,  taste.] 

pre-lim'i-na-ry,  1  pn-lim'i-ne-n;  2  pre-lKm'i-na-ry.  I.  a. 
Antecedent  or  introductory;  preparatory,  II.  n. 
[-KJE8Z,  pi]  An  initiatory  .  tep;  a  preparatory  act:  usu- 
ally in  the  plural.  [<  pre-  -f  L.hmen  [limin-),  thresh- 
old.]    Syn.:  see  ANTECEDENT,     pre-llni'l-na-rl-ly,  adv. 

pre-lude',  1  pn'lifld'  <>/•  prel'yud;  2  pre-lud.'  <>*  pi'  I  tfd, 
vt.  &  vi.  [i'kk-u'i/i.i)'1;  pbi  i  i  i .'i  . . ,  |  To  introduce  or 
begin  with  a  prelude;  precede  as  a  prelude  oi  forerunner, 
i<  L.  prx.  before,   I  Ivdo,  play  I     pre-lud 'er,  n. 

pre 'hide,  1  pri'liud  or  pn-l'yud;  ;>  j  ,i ,  ■'  I  ui  I  m  pn'l'vud,  //. 
An  opening  strain  a1  the  beginning  of  a  mu  ical  compo- 
sition.   2.  Any  introductory  or  opening  performance, 

3.  That  whirl,  foreshadow  i  a  coming  i  vent,  pre-lu'- 
dl-al,  a.  Of  the  nature  of  a  prelude;  Introductory;  prefa- 
tory.—pre-lu'slon,  n.  That  which  ei  •  as  a  prelude;  a 
premonition. — pre- lu'8lv(eB,  n.  Having  the  character  of  a 
prelude.  Indicating  beforehand.  pn-lu'so-rj ;.  pre- 
lu'slv(e-l>»,  adv.     pre-lu'so-rl-lyj. 


pre-mig',  v.     [pre-misi  d  . 

1. 1.    1.  To  say  or  write  as  an 
To  propound  as  premises. 
To  state  premises.    [< 


pre"ma-ture',  1  prl"ms-tiu,';  2  pre"ma-tur',  a.  Matured 
or  developed  before  the  natural  period;  done  before  the 
proper  time;  untimely.  [<  h.  prx,  before,  +  maturus, 
ripe.]  -ly,  adv.— pre"ma-tu'ri-tj ,  it.  Unseasonable  ma- 
turity.    pre"ma-ture'nesst. 

pre-med 'i-tate,  1  pn-med'i-t§t;  2  pre-mgd'i-tat,  vt.  &  w. 
[-TAT"EDd;  -tat"in<;.[  To  revolve  in  the  mind  or  medi- 
tate beforehand;  design  or  contrive  previously.  [  <  L. 
prx,  before,  +  meditor,  consider.]— pre-med 'l-tat"cd-ly, 
adc.  pre-nied'l-tate-lj  \.  —  pre-med  'i-tat"ed-ness,  n.— 
pre-med"i-ta'tion,  ».—  pre-med 'i-ta"th  (es,  a. 

pre'mi-er,  1  prl'mi-er;  2  pre'mi-er.  I.  a.  First  in  posi- 
tion or  order  of  occurrence  or  creation.  II.  n.  A  prime 
minister.     [F.,  first,  chief.] — pre'mi-er-ship,  n, 

pre-miere',  1  pra-myar';  2  pre-myer'.  I.  a.  First  in  a  com- 
pany of  women.  II.  n.  1.  The  leading  lady  in  a  theatrical 
company.  2.  The  first  public  presentation  of  a  play,  etc.  it'.] 

pre-mil"le-na'ri-an,  1  pri-mil"i-ne'n-9n;  2  prt-iiiirc-na'rl- 
an.  I.  a.  1.  Existing  or  occurring  before  the  millennium. 
pre"mil-len'nl-alt.  2.  Pertaining  to  the  doctrine  Of  pre- 
millennialism.  II.  re.  Cine  who  believes  in  premlllennlal- 
ism.  pre"mil-len'ni-al-lstt.— pre"mil-len'nl-al-lsm, 
n.  The  doctrine  that  the  millennium  is  to  be  Introduced  by 
the  personal  return  of  Christ.    pre-mil"le-na'rl-an-lsmj. 

pre-mise'     ] 1   pn-maia';  2 

pre-mize'p,  )  pre-mis'ing] 
introductory  statement. 
3t«  To  send  in  advance.    II. 
L.  prx,  before,  +  milto,  send.] 

prem'ise, )  1  prem'is;  2  prSm'is,  re.    1.  A  proposition  laid 

prem'is8,  J  down,  proved,  supposed,  or  assumed,  that 
serves  as  a  ground  for  argument  or  for  a  conclusion;  a 
judgment  leading  to  another  judgment  as  a  conclusion; 
a  condition  made.  2.  Logic.  Specifically,  either  of  the 
two  propositions  in  a  syllogism  from  which,  their  truth 
being  granted,  the  conclusion  necessarily  follows.  :{.  ;i/. 
Law.  (1)  Foregoing  statements;  facts  previously  stated. 
(2)  That  part  in  a  deed  that  sets  forth  t lie  dale,  names 
of  parties,  the  land  or  thing  conveyed  or  granted,  tin- 
consideration,  etc.  4.  pi.  A  distinct  portion  of  real  es- 
tate; land  or  lands;  land  with  its  appurtenances,  as 
buildings,  prem'isst.— in  the  premises,  a  phrase 
used  with  reference  to  something  already  stated. 

pre'mi-um,  1  prl'mi-um;  2  prS'mi-um,  n.  1.  A  reward 
or  prize  for  a  superior  performance  or  production.  2.  A 
price  paid  for  a  loan,  insurance,  etc.  3.  The  rale  at 
which  stocks,  etc.,  are  valued  in  excess  of  their  nominal 
value.  4.  A  fee.  [<  L.  prxmium,  lit.  profit  from 
booty.]    Syn.:  see  subsidy. 

pre-mo'lar,  1  pri-mo'lar;  2  pre-mo'lar,  re.  One  of  the  teeth 
situated  before  the  molars  and  behind  the  canines— pre- 
mo'lar,  a.  lish  in  advance:  forewarn. 

pre-mon'lshll',  1  prl-mon'isn;  2  pre-mon'ish.  vt.    To  admon- 

prc"iiio-iii'tion,  1  pri"mo-uish\in;  2  pre'mo-nlsh'on,  n. 
A  forewarning  of  something  yet  to  occur;  presage;  fore- 
boding. [OF.,  <  L.  prse,  before,  +  moneo,  warn.] — 
pre-mon'i-to-ry,  a.  (Jiving  or  containing  premonition. 
pre-mon'l-tlv(est. 

pre"mu-ni'tlon,   1    prTmlu-nlsh'sn;  2   prS'mu-ntsh'on,   re. 

The  act  of  fortifying  against  danger 'or  objection;  defense, 

[<  L.  prsemunitiotnr),  <  pre,  before,  fortify.] 

pre-noni'i-natet.  I.  vt.  To  denominate  or  name  before- 
hand.   II.  a.  Named  beforehand.  [tlon. 

pre-no'tlon,  1  prT-nO'shsn;  2  prt  06'sl B.     \  preconoep- 

pren'tlce,  «.  [Colloq.]  An  apprentice 

pre-oc"cu-pa'tlon,   l    pn-ek'yu-pS'shsn;  S   i 
slum,  a.    l.  The  acl  "f  occupj  Lng  before  others,  or  the  state 
<>r  being  .i  prior  occupant,    pre-oc'cu-pan-cyl;.    '•-   i  in- 
state of  iieine  pi-e,ieeupied.  as  in  mind,  attention,  oi  inclina- 
tion; prepossession.    8.  Something  thai  pn ouplee     pre- 

oe'eu-pant,  re. 

pre-oe'eu-py,  1  prl-ek'yu-poi;  2  pr8-6c'yu 
occupy  in  advance;  en  the  mind; 

absorb;  prepossess;  prejudice,    Byn  pre-oc'- 

co-pled,  "     1.  Engrossed  In  thou  ot  oi  bu 
ed.    2.  Previously  occupied,    8.  Ahead:  Int 

name       S.\n         n  D 

prep.,  nhh,      Preparatory  .  prepo  It  Ion 
pre-pare',   1 
par'ing  I   1. 1.   It  Toad  oi  pui  - 

pose;   make   <■    dj  ,  fit      '-'•  To  pro\  ide   with   what   is 
appi  opi  i a  ti    -I    aeci     ary;  equip     -i-    I ..  bnni    into  a 

mi  ible  oi  d I    tate  of  mind      II.  -      I.    I 

,)Ues.  If  read       2.  Togetread  pre\  loua 

mea  ure       I  -    L   pra .  befon  .    :   i  dy-l 

s.vn  :  adapt, .- i  it,  arran  ■ 

mem 

i,ui    Id  order,  qualify,  sol   In  ordoi      See  providi      Ant 
trrango,  disconcert,   d 

adapt    ncgli  el    o' ubvert,  upsei      Pre] 

prcp"a-ra'tion,  n.    1.  Phe  acl  <•<  preparing,    %<  An 


For  words  In  pre-  not  given  above  see  riu ■:-,  prefix,  pare  610, 


presuppose 


1    a 


i  i  B      ..    ..     full,  rftl.       n       B 

ty,  ii        i  i  I ,  woo,  014 


|.r.-|...M  ,1,  r-..n.  r 
pn  —  i  ►■•  •  1 1  il.r-.it    I  ii  k:- 1 

|T.   |i     ■■--!     I 


I 

•      . 

pre- pal     i- 

II  I 

-I.. 

:     i-li-rl-l\  .  i.r.  - 

prr~p  ir  .  r 

|in-|i.  ii   - 

I 

II. 

|ir,-|inii  ilrr-.inl.         II. u- 

prc-pon  .I.  r-iiii-        -l\  . 
im-i  |  .          |»r .  -| .I,r-.i   llmi 


I . 

•■  of  :m 

usually 
.'  .  Bome- 

l»r.  (i  ~.--l   il.ui-.ll.  -|y, 

I.  l're- 

•  he  w  ord  gov- 

1 1  -i|  or  particle. 

prr-pn-  I  tar,  l-tor,  n,  [Eng.j 

pne-po* 'l-ter,  -tor;;  pre-pos'ter,  -tor;. 

pn    i- I . 

Ij   a  favorable  im- 
..iil  hold  in  advance 
I  r*  "pos-sesslng,  Inspiring  a  favor- 

able prc"pos-ses'slon,  n.    1. 

The  state  ol  leased,    t.  Prior  poBoosolon.    Syn.: 

see  ;■■ 
|,r,  -i,,.-  (,  r-..ii-.  ter-as,  a.    1. 

.'  . 
■i  .  <  ■■  iginally, 

(  <    L.   pr;i , 
.  following.]     Syn.:  see  IB8I  mi;  EXTRAOR- 

pr. --in.,  ti  r-iiu-l),  ad$.    sHrefcpos'ter-onB-ness,   . 
rre-raf'fa-.l-lt-l-m.      l    i>ri-raf 'i-ei-nit-izm;  2  pre-raf'a-el- 
Pre-raph 'a-cl-H-l-iii.  Art.  The  mi 

1  which  aimed  ;it  returning  to  the  methods 
EtaffaeL     Pre'> 
Raf  fa-    '  'Kapha-  i  l-lt-l-m : .     I'rc-r.ifra-lor  raph'a-1 
eUte,  i   A  n. 

pre-racj  'ui--n.  .  I  l  pn-rek'wi-zit;  2  pre-n'k'wi-sit.    I.  o. 

pri-ri-i|  'ul-»if.  i  1;  ,  .::■  i  u  an  anteoadent  condition; 
necessary  I  -•  that  follow.-.    II.  n.    A  neces- 

sary 

l.r.  -[■■._:   i-'im  .     ;   pn-reg/a-tiv;  2  pre-rofa-tifv,  n.    An 

pre-fsg   i-i i\  .  .  king;  benoe, 

.r  to  a 
person  or  class.     [<L.  ]  -  rogo,  ask.] 

prc-roR'a-tlv  ed-{,  a.    Having  a  pre- 
[— pre*.,  abbr.    r- 
President.— ftes.,  I'n-i).,  abbr.    Presbyterian. 

■fl  -•'-••.  [PRE-SAOED'; 

LToii         '    ■  ■  pp  ien(  fad  what 

is  to  ;.  .  presentiment  '■'•■ 

4.  To  prophesy.     [  <  L. 

prx.  before.  +   H  Syn.:  see  augur.—  pre- 

'ii1  ni.      I.         men   £.  A  prediction. —pre — ag'cr,;, 

■  -■■•.  1 . 

timent. 
1.  gift  of  fore- 

I>r . ■-  'age-fill,  a. 
-'    ■■  -ter,  n.     1.  In  New 

aurch.    2.  In 
■i.    In   Presbyterian 
cbur  iber  of  a  presbytery.    [  < 

Urot.  older:  compar.  of  presbys.  old.)  —  pri-"h>-tr'rl-.-il. 
Pen..  -I..  Pre,"i>>-le'rl-an, 

i  urcb  by 

presbyters.    2.  A  mi  nt  ecclesiasti':i I 

almost  Invariably  Trinitarian,  an'l  for  the  rri'.  I 
Istic.  in  doctrine,  am]  ni  I   of  the 

I'n  -"h>-te'rl-an.  /  Pres"b>- 
t'-'rl-an-l-ni.  n  pre, 'l,>-ter">,  n.  [-BBS*,  pi.]  1.  A 
cour  hi  Church.     2.  The 

system  of  church  .•  :.    |  be  body 

of  elders  In  ■ 

i-ence,  1  prl  -"'-hi-v-nr-,  n.    Knowledge 

of  events  before  they  take  place.    Synj  see  wisdom. — pre'- 


nw  Inji;  als 
know      -i  v . 

i    \>mii  mi     172(1    i  ,-'i ., 
Hunker  inn     I,  \\n- 
n  iii  itorlan 

•  i  la]   dow  ii  nuthori- 


>i  i.  ii  i .  .     iim 

i 
t 

Ham  lid  kllui 
prt-M  Tib*  . 

i  s . .  |     I .  ;      I.I 

■  direction  or  •  •■  >iii  i  i  law  oi  direi 

It 

I  II.  I. 

down  laws  or  rules;  give  directions,  specifically  n 

a  title 
ription;  become  Invalid  bj   pi 
ii. in,  :i^  :i  debt,  obligation,  etc  i 

pre-scrlb'er,  a. 

i""'   -■  r  i i •  i   .        Prescribed  as  a  rule  or  i lei;  laid  down 

pre 'script,  1  prfskrlpt;  2  prescript,  «     I.   \  prescription  or 

direction.    2|.  a  medical  prescription 
pri  "i  rip'lion.  l  pn-akrip'shan;  2  pre-flcrlp'ahon,         1. 
iscnbing,    »•  That  which  i    prescribed     '.l. 
A  physician's  formula  i<<r  compounding  and  administei 
ing  :i  medicine;  also,  oolloquially,  the  remedy  so  pre 
scribed      I.    Ktle  obtained  in  Ian  by  long  possession 

m/.-i.  pnii  pi  ]      prr-MTlp'll-lil 

i  to  be  prescribed.    S.  Derived  from  "r  acquirable  by 

prescription     pre->.irip"ii-biri-i>, ;.     pre-acrlp'tli  t  . 
a.     Sanctioned  by  custom  nr  long  use,    -l\. 
prea'enee,  1  pres'ens;  2  pr6s/8nc,  n     I.  The  state  of  being 
present;  proximity:  opposed  I  '.   Situation 

face  to  face;  close  approach  >>r  vicinity  within  view  or 
:.  ■.  tsible  l>ui  near  and  sensible,  :im 

a  spiritual  being^.    4.  Personal  appearance;  bearii        S. 
nal   qualities  collectively;  self;   personality.     6. 
before  a  prince  or  exalted  pen 
7 1|.  The  room  or  apart  merit  in  which  a  high  dignitarj  "r 
ruler    reoedvee    assemblies.       pr»'s'('n<f:cli;iin"l)cr; ; 
prt'»'cnci':room"..     [OF.,    <    I.    pra  entia,    <    /»r.<- 
nt.  o.]  —  presence  of  mind,  fun  com- 
mand ol  oni 

resource  Ins  udden danger, embarrassment, etc. 

pre-sent'd,  1  pn-sent';  2  pre-gent',  »,    I.  t.    1.  To  intro- 
duce i"  one  a  acquainl  pi     onaUy. 

2.  To  bestow  as  a  gift;  offer  or  give  formally.  S,  To 
endow  or  fa-  I.  :  •  ■  -t  5. 
To  lirinn  up  for  consideration.     Ii.  To  aim  (a  weapon), 

7.  Law.  To  prefer  charges  against  to  the  authorities 

8.  [Eng.]  To  offer  as  a  canditate,  as  a  clergyman  to  a 
benefice.  9§.  To  offer  as  a  challenge;  proffer  openly. 
1st*  To  personate;  represent.  II.  t.  presen- 
tation, as  to  an  ecclesiastical  living.— to  present  arms 
(Mil.),  to  salute  by  holding  weapons  perpendicularly  In 
from  of  the  body.  —  pre-sent 'a-bKe"",  a.  1.  lit  to  be  pre- 
sented; In  suitable  attire  for  company.  2.  Capable  Ol  being 
offered,  exhibited,  or  bestowed. — prc-scnfarbll'l-ty,  n  — 
pres"en-ta  'Hon,  n.    1.  The  act  ol  presenting;  introduction: 

'  .  the  formal  offering  of  a  complimentary  gift,    2.  The 
manner  of  bringing  Into  view  or  thought.  —  pres"en-tee\  n. 
One  who  Is  presented,  as  to  a  benefice. — pre-sent  'er,  n. 
nres'enti  1  prez'ent;  2  prSs/ent,  a.    1.  Being  in  a  place 
or  company  referred  to  or  contemplated.    2.  Now  going 
on;  current,    3.  Actually  in  mind.    4.  Immediately  im- 
pending; instant,    5.  Oram.  Relating  to  or  signifying 
what  is  going  on  a1  the  time  being.    <>  .  Ready  al  hand; 
prompt  in  emergency;  as,  a  preseiU  wit;  a  preterit  aid. 
7  .    Favorably    attentive;    propitious.      [OF.,     <    I.. 
ppr  of  pr&sse,  be  before.)    Syn.:  see  immediate. 
— present  participle,  the  active  participle  In  -Ing;  as, 
going:  opposed  to  past  (.perfect,  passive)  participle.  —  pres'- 
enl-ly,  a/lr.     1.  After  a  little  time:  shortly.     2(|.  At  once; 
Immediately.      Syri.:  see  IMMhiil  \TELY. 

pres'enf.n.    1.  By  ellipsis,  present  time.   2.  The  present 

tense.  3.  A  present  matter.  Syn.:  see  gikt.  — these  pres- 
ents, the  present  writings;  document  In  hand. 

pre- 'cut:,  n.     a  gift.     Syn.:  see  gift. 

pri--en 'ti-ment,  1  pri-sen'ti-ment  or  -mant;  2  prf-sen'- 
ti-ment,  n.    A  prophetic  sense  of  something  to  i 
a    foreboding.      [<    L.F    prx,    before,    +  sentio,    feel.] 
Syn.:  see  awticifatiOII. — pre-sen"(l-men'tal5,  a. 

pre-sent'ment,  1  pn-zent'menl  or  -mant;  2  pre-s^nt'- 
l.  Presentation,    2.  A  likeness;  semblance 

3.  Manifestation  of  character,     4.  A  formal  report  pre- 

I  to  a  court  by  a  grand  jury;  an  indictment. 
prc-serve', )  1  pri-zftrv';  2  pre-gSrv7,  v.  [pre-served', 
pre-serr'",  \  pbe-servd'8;  pre-serv'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
keep  in  safety;  guard  or  rescue  from  destruction,  death, 
loss,  or  detriment;  pP''*''''  from  harm;  save.  2.  To 
maintain  intact  or  unimpaired;  keep  in  the  same  con- 
dition; keep  up.  3.  To  save  from  decay;  prepare  so  as 
to  resist  decomposition  or  change.    4.  To  retain,  as  in 


For  words  In  pre-  not  given  above  see  pre-,  prefix,  page  610. 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt£   aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sirep;    thin,   this.        prepense 
615   2:  wolf,  dft;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,    cure,   but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,  .gem;   ink;    thin,    this,   presuppose 


use  or  memory;  keep.  5.  To  keep  for  sport,  as  game  or 
fish,  by  preventing  hunting  or  killing;  also,  to  use  as  a 
preserve.  II.  i.  1.  To  make  preserves,  as  of  fruit.  2. 
To  protect  game  for  purposes  of  sport. 

Syn..'  conserve,  defend,  guard,  keep,  keep  safe,  keep  sound, 
keep  whole,  maintain,  protect,  save,  secure,  sustain,  uphold. 
See  keep;  retain. — Ant.:  abandon,  lavish,  let  go,  let  spoil, 
lose,  neglect,  scatter,  spend,  spoil,  throw  away,  throw  over- 
board, waste. 

pre-serve',  n.  1.  Anything  preserved,  as  fruit  cooked  in 
sugar:  commonly  in  the  plural.  2.  A  place  in  which 
game  is  protected  for  purposes  of  sport.  [  <  L.OF  prse, 
before,  +  servo,  save.] — pre-serv"a-bil'i-ty,  re. — pre- 
serv'a-bl(ep,  a. — pres"er-va'tionp,  re.  The  act  of  preserv- 
ing, or  the  state  of  being  preserved. — pre-ser'va-tiv(e8. 
I.  a.  Serving  or  tending  to  preserve.  II.  re.  That  which 
serves  or  tends  to  preserve;  a  safeguard,  pre-ser'va-to-ry  J. 
— pre-serv'er,  re. 

pre-side',  1  pn-zaid';  2  pre-sld',  vi.  [pre-sid'ed^;  pre- 
siding.] To  sit  in  authority  over  others;  exercise  the 
chief  direction  and  oversight;  act  as  head  or  ruler.  [  < 
L.  prxsideo,  guard.] — pre-sid'er,  re. 

pres'i-dent||,  1  prez'i-dent;  2  pres'i-dent,  a.  Having  chief 
authority;  presiding.  [OF.,  <  L.  prxsiden(l-)s,  ppr.  of 
prxsideo;  see  preside.] 

pres'i-dent,  n.  One  who  is  chosen  to  preside  over  an 
organized  body,  especially  [P-]  the  chief  executive 
officer  of  a  republic,  as  of  the  United  States. 

List    of  Presidents  of  the  United  States. 


Birthplace. 

Inaugurated. 

Name. 

Year. 

Age. 

George  Washington . 

Westmoreland  Co.,  Va. . 

1789 

57 

1797 
1801 
1809 

62 

58 

James  Madison 

58 

James  Monroe 

Westmoreland  Co.,  Va. 

1817 

59 

John  Quincy  Adams 

1825 

58 

Andrew  Jackson. . . . 

Union  Co..  N.  C 

1829 

62 

Martin  Van  Buren. . 

Kindorhook.  N.  Y 

1837 

55 

William  H.  Harrison 

1841 

68 

John  Tyler 

1841 

51 

James  K.  Polk 

Mecklenburg  Co.,  N.  C. 

1845 

50 

Zachary  Taylor .... 

1849 

65 

Millard  Fillmore... . 

Summerhill,  N.  Y 

1850 

50 

Franklin  Pierce 

Hillsboro,  N.  H 

1853 

49 

James  Buchanan .  .  . 

1857 

66 

Abraham  Lincoln . . . 

1861 

52 

Andrew  Johnson. . .  . 

Raleigh,  N.  C, 

1865 

57 

Ulysses  S.  Grant. . . . 

Point  Pleasant,  O 

1869 

47 

Rutherford  B.  Hayes 

1877 

54 

James  A.  Garfield. . . 

Cuyahoga  Co.,  O 

1881 

49 

Chester  A.  Arthur.  . 

Fairfield,  Vt 

1881 

51 

Grover  Cleveland. .  . 

Caldwell,  N.  J 

1885 

48 

Benjamin  Harrison. 

North  Bend,  O 

1889 

55 

Grover  Cleveland. .  . 

1893 

56 

William  McKinley. . 

Trumbull  Co.,  O 

1897 

54 

Theodore  Roosevelt. 

New  York,  N.  Y 

1901 

43 

William  H.  Taft   . . 

IIIO'.I 
1913 

52 

Woodrow  Wilson . .  . 

Staunton.  Va 

56 

— pres'i-den-cy,  re.    [-cies7-,  ;;(.]    1.  The  office  or  term 
of  office  of  a  president.     2.  The  act  of  presiding  or  super- 
vising.— pres"i-den'tial,  «.     Of  or  pertaining  to  a  presi- 
dent,   pres^l-den'talt.     pres'l-dcnt-shlp,  ;/. 
press1,  1  pres;  2  pres,  v.     [pressed',  pbebt8;  press'ing.] 

1.  t.     1.  To  act  upon  by  weight;  bear  down  or  lie  upon. 

2.  To  push  against;  thrust  or  crowd.  •!.  To  crush  or 
squeeze;  compress  4.  To  embrace  closely.  5.  To  in- 
culcate strongly;  insist,  upon;  urge.  6.  To  follow  closely, 
as  in  a  race  or  chase.  7.  To  smooth  or  shape  by  pres- 
sure. 8.  To  compel  by  necessity  or  moral  force.  9.  To 
weigh  on  the  mind  of.      10.  To  enforce  or  impose,  as  a. 

law.  11.  To  impress.  12 1|.  To  affect  strongly.  lltf. 
To  print.  II.  i.  1.  To  ad  by  weight  or  force;  exert. 
pressure;  bear  heavily.  2.  To  advance  strenuously,  -i. 
To  collect  io  throngs;  crowd  to  croach.    4.  To 

act  on  the  mind  with  moral  tore.'  .■>.  To  be  importu- 
nate. (<  L.  presso,  freq.  <  pressua;  see  press1,  ".] 
Syn.:  see  impress;  j*m;  plead;  push,  press 'a-bl(etp,  a. 
— press 'cr,  re. — press'ing,  //</,  1.  Demanding  Immediate 
attention;  urgent;  Important.  'J.  Importunate  Ay,  adv. 
press21,  vt.  &  vi.    To  force  into  military  or  naval 

impress  sailors  or  soldiers;  serve  as  a  press-gang.  (< 
PREST,  a.,  ready;  confused  with  PRESS1,  '.|  press '.•i-l>l(e"'< 
a. — press'sgang",  n.  a  detachment,  ■>  of  marines,  de- 
tailed to  press  men  into  the  naval  or  military  servlee.  as 
formerly  In  England.  —  pri'ss'=inon"c) ,  n.  Same  a 
SHILLING.     See  SHILLING. 

press1,?)..    1.  A  dense  throng     2.  The  act  of  crowdi 

1.  \  I 


closet,  as  for  clothes.  5.  An  apparatus  or  machine  by 
which  pressure  is  applied,  as  for  making  wine,  printing, 
etc.  See  printing-press.  6.  Newspapers  or  periodical 
literature  collectively,  or  the  body  of  persons  collective- 
ly, as  editors,  reporters,  etc.,  engaged  upon  such  publi- 
cations; also,  printed  literature  in  the  abstract.  7f. 
Compulsion;  pressure.  8f.  The  state  of  being  hard 
pressed.  [<  F.  presse,  <  LL.  pressa,  <  L.  pressus,  pp. 
of  premo,  press.]  Syn.:  see  throng. — press 'sproof",  n. 
Print.  1.  The  last  proof  taken  before  printing.  2.  A  proof 
taken  with  special  care  on  a  press.— pres'sure,  re.  1.  The 
act  of  pressing,  or  the  state  of  being  pressed;  the  action  of 
one  body  in  contact  with  another  when  the  two  are  pressed 
against  each  other  by  some  elemental  or  mechanical  force: 
commonly  measured  in  pounds.  2.  Mech.  stress  of  any 
kind.  3.  An  impelling  or  constraining  moral  force.  4. 
Exigent  demand  on  one's  time  or  strength;  urgency;  rush; 
hurry.  5.  Oppressive  influence;  weight,  as  of  grief  or 
trouble.    6t.  A  printed  character;  stamp.    Syn.:  see  weight. 

press2,  n.  A  commission  to  impress  men  into  the  public 
service;  also,  the  impressment  of  men. 

Press 'burg,  1  pres'burH;  2  pres'lmrH.  n.  A  city  In  N.  W. 
Hungary;  former  capital  of  Hungary:  a  roval  free  city;  pop. 
78,200.    Pres'burgl. 

Pres"sl-ros 'tres,  1  prcsVros'trtz;  2  pros" i-r6s't res.  n.  pi. 
Ornith.  A  division  of  wading  birds,  Including  the  bustards 
and  plovers.  i<  L.  pressus  (see  press1,  n.)  +  rostrum, 
beak.]— pres"sI-ros'ter,  n.— pres"sl-ros'tral,  a. 

press'man1,  1  pres'man;  2  pres'man,  n.  [-men,  pi.]  A  man 
who  has  charge  of  a  press,  as  a  printing-press. 

press'man-,  re.  [-men,  p'.]  1.  A  member  of  a  press-gang. 
2.  A  man  pressed  into  the  public  service 

press'work",  1  preVwurk;  2  prSs'wurk,  ».  1.  Print. 
The  operating,  adjustment,  or  management  of  a  print- 
ing=press;  also,  the  work  done  by  the  press.  2.  Joint  ry. 
Cabinetwork  made  up  of  cross=vencers  glued  together 
and  pressed  while  hot. 

prestt,  a.    Ready;  prepared  at  hand;  daring;  also,  tidy;  neat. 

prest,  1  prest;  2  prest,  n.  1.  [Kng.]  A  certain  duty  formerly 
paid  by  a  sheriff.  2t.  An  advance  or  loan;  also,  ready 
money.  [priest  and  king. 

Pres'ter  John,  1  pres'tar;  2  pres'ter.    A  medieval  legendary 

pres"ti-dig"i-ta'tioii,  1  pres"ti-dij"i-te'shan;  2  preVti- 
dig"i-ta'shon,  n.  The  practise  of  sleight  of  hand;  jug- 
glery; legerdemain.  |<  I.,  prsesto,  adv..  at  hand,  + 
digitus,  Anger.]— prcs"tl-dlg'l-ta"tor  or  -ta"teur',  r». 

prcs-tige',  1  pres-th'  or  pres'tij ;  2  prfis-tlzh'  or  pres'tig,  n. 
Authority  or  importance  based  on  past  achievements  01 
reputation;  ascendency  based  on  recognition  of  power. 
[F.]    Syn.:  see  influence. 

prest'=mon"ey,  re.    Press-money. 

pres'to,  1  pres'to;  2  pres'to,  adv.  1.  Mvs.  In  quick  time.  2. 
At  once.  [It.,  <  L.  prsesto,  adv.,  at  hand,  <  prx,  before,  + 
sto,  stand] — presto!  change!  pass  quickly:  a  jugglers'  for- 
mula.— pres'to,  r.  imp.  &  Inter}.    Qol  begone  I 

Pres 'ton,  1  pres' ten;  2  pres'ton,  n.    a  manufacturing  borough 

In  N.  W.  England;  pop.  lis. Us;  near  here  ( loinuell  over- 
whelmed the  Scots,  Aug.  17-19.  1648. 

Prcs"ton-pans',  1  prcs"t,m-pan//;  2  pres'ton-pans'.  n.  A 
coast  town  in  8.  E.  Scotland,  where  Charles  the  Young 
Pretender  defeated  the  Royalists,  Sept.  21.  1746 

pre-sume',  1  pn-zium';  2  pre-gum',  t  [prb-sumbd'; 
pre-sum'ing.]  1. 1.  I.  To  venture  on  without  previous 
permission:  usually  with  an  infinitive.  2.  To  ■ 
as  entitled  to  belief.  8,  To  take  as  a  premise,  or  as  a 
basis  of  action,  in  the  absence  of  positive  proof  and  as 
subject  to  further  evidence.  II.  i.  To  behave  with  ar- 
rogance; often  with  mi  or  upon,  and  formerly  with  of, 

[<  L.o'pra,  before,   I  svmo,  take.]   Syn 

— pre-suna'a-bl(ep,  n.     Fair   to  Buppose;   reasonable, 
Syn.:  see  apparent;  likely;  probabli      pre-sum's-bly, 

mli.      pre-sum 'ed-ly,  if/;        pre-siim  'cr,  n        pre— .imip'- 

tlon,  »  1.  mind  or  overweening  confidence  oi  self-asser- 
tion,     '!.    A    p.i      in:'    lie'  ',1k!    I  he   .  o  ,  I  hi,,  I  J     I.. .ill.. I..   01   I I 

in- ling,  respect,  or  reverence;  offensively  forward  or  u 

rogant  conduol  or  expression;  eflronterj  ■(■  1 i"  acl  of 
forming  a  judgment  on  probable  grounds,  awaiting  further 

evidence;  also,   tl Igment  so  formed,  or  a  ground  or 

reason  for  it.    4.  That  which  may  !«■  Io  llj  as- 

ed  to  in-  true  until  disproved;  as,  tho  , 

guilt.    5.  The  Inference  of  a  fact  on  proof  of  clreumatai n 

iat  u  uall;  attend  Bucn  fact     Si 

PROD  1811  1T1  .    I  l  Ml  in  i  \ 

pre-sump'tlv(e*,  u.     I.  Cn  ipon  a 

presumption;  affording  reasonable  grounds  for  belli 

la.    iiiiii.iin.il       -!>..'■        prc-siimp'tii-oiis.  a      ' 
conQdeni  or  bold;  audacli  m  un 

,i,,i-. ,  as  upon        '  lot   ■■'  oi hei i .  fool 

hardj     ■'(  ■  \  lolatlng  dutj ;  wicked      -i> .  ■         -m-ss,  n 
pre"sup-pose',  l   pirt'so  pi  ',  ■'      l«  To 

imply  or  involve    .  condition      '-'■  To  tkkC 

ited      pre-siip"p<(-si'llini,  a 


gethcr.    3.  Hurry  of  affairs;  urgency      l-    \ 

For  words  In  pre-  not  given  above  see  ini:-.  i>r,/ir,  p 


pr.'l 
prlm.ir) 


i  •■     |r;   foil,  rOle:   but,  t>Orn; 

i  i     .  .  ffi,  not,  Or,  »on.      616 


i. 


w!i 


lll«-l> 

pr.  -iii 
pre- 1  i  i 


Pr.  lender  or  the 

^  DUO!   I'relciuler. 

|.r.  -I.iid  '- 

I 

I  iilin- 


llic  lin- 
ing ad- 

rcality. 

■  i-  allowed  or 

ed  or  i'uii- 

em:  I  e  actual  doing 

-n.  and 

dm  thai 
k»  or  may  1  < 

an  i.  -Ant.: 

actuality,  candor  ■  duous- 

nca).  openn»«.  reality,  .-.■  truth. 

1 . r .  —  I .  it   lion,  1.  i nit    forward,   whether 

true  or  fai-  :.    \  bold  or  pre- 

sum:  i 

iir.-;i,  1 1 . .  i  i  ~ .  by  pretension,    -ly, 

-in  --. 

-i;  more 
■iral.     [<   1..  , 

r-lt,  1.1.  Signify- 

pri  i  t  r- 1 1 •  .  '.'. 

I !. 
abc 

Pit    I      i    .--.      1  lull,  I  . 

■  r  ol  a  subject 

pn     t.  r-mit ',    ]     pri't.-r-init';    Ii    prf"ter-mlt',    r(.      To 
pri-"tiT-mi»  '^inii. 
r-nat'u-ral,  a      Diffi  rent  from  and  i 

i  1 1        prem- 
ier-n  a  (    u-r.il-Pm.  pr.    'I.r-nal    u-ral-l> . 

pre  'text ,  . 

.-on  or  motive.    [  <  I.,  p 

a  city  magls- 

dminlstratlon  of  |us- 
pr.'tor--tilp,  n. 
l*r.  -In'rl-u.    .  Vrl-a.  n.     A  city  of  British 

!  of  the 

in.    Rem.  Hi  I     I. 

I .     ' 

pr.e-to'- 

rl-.il    :    !■•  i  -in   n-  i   i    :    pr.  -i..ri-.il    .      II. 

prati  to'rt-an   . 

M  irllilna-   Hi  ■- 
tan. 

;. 

i.  I 

5f.  .--troii).'; 
able 

pr<t'll-l>,  adv.-  pret 'li-ness,  ».— pret'ty, 
hat.  '   -■!.    [G.j 

pr.  I  '/.  I . 

pre-vall',  1  pn-vjl  1 . 


Pr.-i. 


pr.  i   i>. 
1.  ■ 


triumph:  often  »  Itfa  I     '*. 

in  operation: 

with  -i.   i  id  or  i  M.ii'l  w i.l.  Ij , 

!•■  pi.  .1 ituuil  or 

. 

|.r.     i  ill  ing,  I      '  I.    ]  Oil   i 

pr.  -\.ill  in.  ill  t, 

pn\  '.i-i.ii. .-.  •      i  be  in  i. 

|in  l  '.l-len-e)  : . 

PI  >  l-l.lll    .  I.l:    .1,  ■..  -J.       .     'I       «     1,1,         I  I.     1,1        I.l         111 

"•  .  1 l\  .■     Syn.: 
nil  I'iisiin  v.  i     i  -i   \i        prc\ 'a-lcnl-l) ,  adt. 
pn-\.ir   i-i  .id  . 

I   ■  ■,  ■  deceptively  ambiguous  or  eva- 

I  ufflo      I  •     l 

|.i.  -\  ir 'l-ca 'doll,  n 
I.  A  misleading  or  <>qulvocal  statement      '-'.  A  trick.     Syn.: 
i  in    ml        pri->ar 'l-t  a"lor. 

pre- vent'  .  i  ;•■  :  pi.    ..nt', i     l.i     I.  To  stop  or 

'  1     |  .  I  ■  ■  \  Hill-    III. 

ward  off;  preclude;  thwart      '.'.  I  ol  ■■  ■  thi  action  of  in 
advance;  intercept;  check;  restrain:  with  from,    .'I  .  I  " 
be  or  acl  in  advance  "f;  be  beforehand  with;  precede; 
anticipate     II.        I.   ro  take  precautions 
interpose  a   bai       '.'  .    I        rn\  e  early  oi    exi 

it.  ly,    (  <  I  ime.] 

s.\n.:  anticipate,  forestall.     The  original  sense  >'f  pre- 

■■i  come  before,  acl  In  advance  of,  which  Is  now  prac- 
tical!) obsolete,  was  still  In  good  use  when  the  authorised 
version  of  the  Bible  was  made,  as  appears  In 

..  ben  Peter  was  come  Into  the  bouse,  Jesus  prevented 
liim"  ted   linn   first),    i/"«    xvii.   26;   "Thou 

'.in  with  the  blessings  of  goodness"   (1    <  .  by 
Bending  the  blessings  before  the  desire  Is  formulated  or 
/■  .  xxl,  ,'f.    Anticipau  is  now  the  only  single 
word  usable  in  thi  Is  to  take  or  act  In 

advance  in  one's  own  behalf  and  to  the  prejudice  or  hin- 
drance of  another  or  others,  as  In  the  phrase  "to  forestall  the 
market."  lint  to  anticipau  is  very  frequently  used  In  th(? 
favorable  sense;  as,  liis  thoughtful  kindness  anticipated 
my  wish  (i.  ...  mi  t  the  wish  before  it  »  .  or  we 

i  was  about  to  accost  liim  when  he  anticipated  me" 

peaking  first);  or  one  anticipau  i  a  payment  <i>y  mak- 
ing it  before  tin-  time).    For  the  present  use  of  prevent,  see 
or  binder;  preclude;  prohibit,    pre-vent'a- 
i»l  (■'■.  a.    That  ma]   be  prevented.    pre-vent'l-bl(eip.— 

pre-\eiit"a-l)ll'l-(>,    n,      prc-wiit'cr,   n.—  pre-ven'lloii, 

l .  i  be  act  of  preventing,  or  the  state  of  being  prevented. 
'i.  a  biDdrance:  obstruction.    :t.  A  preventive     pre-ven'- 
tl>  e*.    I.  a.    Intended  or  serving  to  ward  off  harm.    II.  n. 
That  which  prevents  or  binders,  as  a  medicine  to  ward  off 
onary  measure.    -Ij ,  adv. 
pre'vf-ouBf  1  pil'vi-os;  2  prS'vi-fis,  a.    Being  or  taking 
place  before  something  else;  antecedent;  prior.    (<  L. 
before,  +  rfa,  waj  1 
Sl'n.:  antecedent,  anterior,  earlier,  foregoing,  former,  for- 
ward, front,  introductory,  precedent,  preceding,  prelimi- 
nary, prior.  i  ay  denote  Blinple  priority  In  time, 
Implying  no  direct   connection  between  that  which  noes 

before  and  thai  Which  follows;  SS,  Uie  striking  of  one  clock 
may   be  always  antecedent   tO  the  Striking  Ol  another  with 

do  can  on  between  them.    Antecedent  and 

ous  may  refer  to  that  which  roes  ,,r  happens  at  any  distance 

In  ad  '  :  is  limiti-d  i"  that  which  is  Immediately 

or  next  before;  an  antecedent  evenl  may  have  happened  at 
me  before;  the  preceding  I  the  one  com- 

.  fust  before  the  one  with  which  it  Is  compared;  a  previr 
.  t.  in.  ni  or  chapter  may  be  In  any  pan  of  the  book  that 
[one  before;  the  preceding  statement  or  chapter  comes 
before  without  an  interval.    Previous  often  HiKniiies 
b  previoui  engagement.    Foregotngb  u  ed 

only  of  that  which  Is  spoken  or  wrltti  foregoing 

I       tor,  whil,-  ii  can  i"-  used  of  time,  Is  com- 

Ing  to  be  employed  chiefly  with  reference  to  place;  as,  the 

•r  lobes  of  the  brain,    Prior  hears  exclusive  reference 

to  time,  and  commonly  where  that  which  is  nrst  in  time  Is 

H  mand.    Former  is  used  of 

On   in  written  or   printed   mailer,   not  of 

in  general.    \\  •-  can  aaj  formt  r  times,  a  fornu r  chapter, 
b  it  noi  Qua  former  pari  of  a  garden;  we  should  say  the 
■   i    ;arden   i  bi  To  u  ard  car  ol  a  train.    Foi  nu  < 
with  something  fol- 
lowing; the)  tter,  even  when  not 
full;.  ■                                                and  Eccles.  Vll,  ID.     Com- 
pare ARTECBDEHT. — Ant.:  after,  concluding,  consequent,  fol- 
lowing, hind,  hinder,  hindmost,  later,  latter,  posterior,  suh- 
cceed  ':-'.~Prep.:  Such  was  the  stale  of  things 
previous  to  the  revolution.    [Previou  to  Is  often  used  adver- 
bially, in  constructions  where  ,  ■■.  (  bi  mori 
strictly  correct;  as,  It  was  done  pr<   ton   to  my  departure.) 

— previous  questloti,  In  parliamentary  practise,  a  mo- 
tion to  avoid  or  secure  a  vote  at  once,  thus  terminating 


For  wordb  In  pre-  not  given  anoye  see  pre-,  prefix,  page  010. 


1:9  =  final;    i  =  hablt£   aisle;    era  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    n  =  sircff;   thin,   this. 
617       2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,  but,  burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


pret. 
primary 


debate. — previous  to.  1.  Antecedent  to;  being  before.  2. 
Before:  previous  being  loosely  used  for  previously  and  to  as 
a  preposition. — pre'vi-ous-ly,  adv. — pre'vi-ous-ness,  n. 

pre-vise',  1  pn-vaiz';  2  pre-vls/,  vt.  [pre-vised';  pre-vis'- 
ing.]  1.  To  see  or  know  beforehand;  foresee.  2.  To  notify 
beforehand;  forewarn.    [<  L.  prx,  before,  4-  video,  see.l 

pre-vi'sion,  1  pn-vi3'an;  2  pre-vizh'on,  n.  The  act  or  power 
of  foreseeing;  prescience;  foresight.  [<  L.  prsevisus,  pp.  of 
prxvideo,  foresee,   <  prse,  before,  +  video,  see.l    Syn.:  see 

ANTICIPATION. 

prey,  1  pre;  2  pre.  I.  vi.  To  seize  and  devour  animal 
food;  take  booty;  make  a  victim  of  one,  in  any  sense; 
to  act  injuriously,  as  grief  upon  the  mind:  with  on  or 
upon.  II.  n.  1.  Any  animal  seized  by  another  for  food; 
hence,  booty;  plunder;  pillage.  2.  Anything  made  the 
victim  of  that  which  is  hostile  or  evil.  3.  The  act  of 
preying;  depredation;  robbery.  [<  OF.  preie,  <  L. 
prseda,  booty.]  Syn.:  see  plunder. — prey'er,  n. — prey'- 
fult.  a.    1.  Having  a  disposition  to  prey.    2.  Rich  in  prey. 

Pri'am,  1  prai'am;  2  prl'am,  n.  Gr.  Legend.  Last  king  of 
Troy ;  father  of  Hector  and  Paris. 

price,  1  prais;  2  pric.  I.  vt.  [priced1;  pric'ing.]  1.  To 
ask  the  price  of.  2.  To  set  a  price  upon;  value;  appraise. 
II.  n.  1.  An  equivalent  given  or  asked  in  exchange; 
valuation;  cost  (to  the  buyer):  used  also  figuratively. 
2||.  The  quality  of  possessing  value;  worth;  especially, 
high  value.  3f.  A  prize.  [  <  OF.  pris,  <  L.  pretium, 
price.) 

Syn.:  charge,  cost,  expenditure,  expense,  outlay,  value, 
worth.  The  cost  of  a  thing  is  all  that  has  been  expended 
upon  it,  whether  in  discovery,  production,  refinement,  deco- 
ration, transportation,  or  otherwise,  to  bring  it  to  its  present 
condition  in  the  hands  of  its  present  possessor;  the  price  of 
a  thing  is  what  the  seller  asks  for  it.  In  regular  business,  as 
a  rule,  the  seller's  price  on  his  wares  must  be  more  than  their 
cost  to  him;  when  goods  are  sold,  the  price  the  buyer  has 
paid  becomes  their  cost  to  himself.  In  exceptional  cases, 
when  goods  are  sold  at  cost,  the  seller's  price  is  made  the 
same  as  the  cost  of  the  goods  to  him,  the  cost  to  the  seller 
and  the  cost  to  the  buyer  becoming  then  identical.  Price 
always  implies  that  an  article  is  for  sale;  what  a  man  will 
not  sell  he  declines  to  put  a  price  on;  hence  the  significance 
of  the  taunting  proverb  that  "every  man  has  his  price." 
Value  is  the  estimated  equivalent  for  an  article,  whether  the 
article  is  for  sale  or  not;  the  market  value  is  what  it  would 
bring  if  exposed  for  sale  in  the  open  market;  the  intrinsic 
value  is  the  inherent  utility  of  the  article  considered  by  itself 
alone;  the  market  value  of  an  old  and  rare  volume  may  be 
very  great,  while  its  intrinsic  value  may  be  practically  noth- 
ing. Value  has  always  more  reference  to  others'  estimation 
(literally,  what  the  thing  will  avail  with  others)  than  worth, 
which  regards  the  thing  in  and  by  itself;  thus,  intrinsic  value 
is  a  weaker  expression  than  intrinsic  worth.  Charge  has 
especial  reference  to  services,  expense  to  minor  outlays;  as, 
the  charges  of  a  lawyer  or  physician;  traveling  expenses; 
household  expenses. — market  price,  the  price  that  any- 
thing will  bring  in  the  open  market.  —  to  set  a  p.  on  one's 
head,  to  offer  a  reward  for  the  capture  of  a  person,  dead 
or  alive. — prlce'=cur"rent,  n.  A  statement  of  the  ruling 
price  of  stocks,  merchandise,  or  other  properly  at  a  given 
time  or  statedly,  or  the  price  itself.  —  price'less,  a.  1. 
Beyond  price  or  valuation;  Invaluable.  2t.  Below  price; 
worthless. — p. :11st,  n.  A  catalog  of  goods  in  which  the 
prices  are  named.  [general. 

Price,   Sterling    (1809-1867).     An   American   Confederate 

prick',  1  prik;  2  prik,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  pierce,  as  with  a 
sharp  point;  puncture.  2.  To  affect  with  a  sudden, 
sharp  pain;  sting;  goad;  spur.  3.  To  put  a  punctured 
mark  against,  as  a  name  on  a  list;  hence,  to  select.  4. 
To  erect  (the  ears),  as  a  horse  t.irough  excitement  "> 
fear:  often  with  up:  said  figuratively  of  persons.  5.  To 
track,  as  a  hare  by  its  footprints.  <>.  To  nick  (a  horse's 
tail).  II.  i.  1.  Tci  have  or  cause  a  scnsalion  of  being 
stung.  2.  To  ride  at,  full  speed.  3.  To  point  upward 
[<  AS.  prician,  <  prica,  sharp  point.]  — prlck'cr,  n.  One 
who  or  that  which  pricks. 

prick,  ii.  1.  The  act  of  pricking,  or  the  tate  of  being 
pricked.  2.  That  which  pricks;  a  slender,  sharp-pointed 
thing,  as  a  thorn.  3.  A  marl,  made  bj  pricking;  punc- 
ture; dot.  4.  The  foot. print  of  an  animal,  a  a  hare  or 
deer.  [<  AS.  prica,  Bnarp  point.]  prlcfc'»eared",  ". 
Having  the  ears  erect  and  pointed:  applied  opprobrlousl] 
by  the  Cavaliers  to  Cromwell's  soldiers  prick 'I  ic,  v. 
[prick'l(e)dp;  pbick'ling.]  I.  /.  I.  To  puncture  slightly 
with  tine,  sharp  points.  'I.  To  give  a  pricking  sensation  to. 
as  the  skin.  II.  i.  1.  To  be  covered  with  prickles,  '.'.  i  o 
have  or  give  a  stinging  sensation  prick 'KC,  n .  I.  A 
small,  sharp  point,  as  on  the  bark  of  a  plant.  ''..  \  prickling 
or  stinging  sensation.— prick 'li-ness,  ».  prickly,  a.  1. 
Furnished  with  prickles.  2.  stinging,  as  if  from  a  prick  "i 
sting,     prick 'ly spear",  n.     A  species  of  cactus  bearing  a 


prick 'et,  1  prik'et;  2  prik'et,  n.  A  buck  of  the  second  vear. 
prick 'ettt.  [Counterpoint. 

prick 'soiiK"t,  n.     1.  Music  pricked  down  or  written      2. 

P.  Rico,  abbr.    Porto  Rico. 

pride,  1  praid;  2  prid.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [prid'ed'j;  prid'ing.] 
1.  To  indulge  in  pride  or  self -gratulat  ion;  be  exalted  or 
elated;  exult;  glory:  used  refiexively.  2.  To  display  or 
spread,  as  a  bird  its  tail.    II.  n.    1.  Undue  sense  of  one's 

own  superiority;  inordinate  self-esteem ;  arrogant r 

superciliousness.  2.  A  proper  sense  of  personal  dignity 
and  worth;  honorable  self-respect  or  self'gratulation. 
3.  That  of  which  one  is  justly  proud;  a  cause  of  exulta- 
tion. 4.  The  acme  of  excellence.  5.  Consciousness  of 
youth  or  power;  high  spirits;  mettle.  6.  Ostentatious 
splendor;  display.     [  <  AS.  prf/le,  <  prf/l,  proud.] 

Syn.:  conceit,  ostentation,  self-complacency,  self-conceit, 
self«esteem,  self=exaltation.  self-respect,  vainglory,  vanity. 
Conceit  and  vanity  are  associaled  with  weakness,  pride 
with  strength.  Conceit  may  be  rounded  upon  nothing, 
pride  is  founded  upon  something  thai  one  is,  or  lias,  or  has 
done;  vanity,  too,  is  commonly  founded  on  something  real. 
tho  far  slighter  than  would  afford  foundation  for  pride. 
Vanity  is  eager  for  admiration  and  praise,  is  elated  if  they 
are  rendered  and  pained  if  they  are  withheld,  and  seeks 
them;  pride  could  never  solicit  admiration  or  praise.  Con- 
ceit is  somewhat  stronger  than  self-conceit.  Self-conceit  is 
ridiculous;  conceit  is  offensive.  Self-respect  is  a  thoroughly 
worthy  feeling;  self-esteem  is  a  more  generous  estimate  of 
one's  own  character  and  abilities  than  the  rest  of  Hie  world 
is  ready  to  allow.  Vainglory  is  more  pompous  and  boast- 
ful than  vanity.  There  is  a  worthy  and  honorable  prnl, ,  as 
in  one's  achievements,  or  character,  or  in  one's  position, 
especially  as  connected  with  the  Jus!  expectations  of  others, 
or  with  one's  obligations  to  them,  which  is  closely  synon- 
ymous with  self»respect,  keeping  one  up  to  his  own  Pes, 
and  highest  action,  and  withholding  from  all  that  is  ignoble 
or  unworthy.  Compare  synonyms  for  arrogance;  eg- 
otism; ostentation;  reserve.— Ant.:  humility,  lowliness, 
meekness,  modesty,  self-abasement,  self-distrust. 
— pride'ful,  a.    Full  of  pride;  haughty;  disdainful. 

Pride, Thomas  (  -1658).  An  English  regicide,  who  execut- 
ed "Pride's  Purge,"  the  expulsion  of  Royalist  and  Presby- 
terian members  of  the  Long  Parliament,  Dec.  6,  lots 

Prid'wln,  1  prid'wm,  2  pridwin,  n.    King  Arthur's  shield. 

prie"*dieu',  1  prt"=dy0';  2  prO"=dyu',  n.  1.  A  small  desk  ar- 
ranged to  support  a  book  or  books  and  with  a  foot-piece  on 
which  to  kneel;  a  praying=desk.  2.  The  mantis;  praying- 
insect.     [F.,  <  L.  precor,  pray,  +  dcus,  god.) 

priest,  1  prist;  2  prest,  n.  One  especially  consecrated  to 
the  service  of  a  divinity  and  considered  as  the  medium 
between  the  divinity  and  the  worshiper,  as  for  pi 
service,  or  blessing;  one  in  holy  orders;  a  clergyman,  [  < 
l.i,."  presbyter,  presbyter,  <  (;r.  presbyteros,  comp.  of 
presbys,  old.]  priest 'craft".  ».  Priestly  policy  or  intrigue. 
— priest 'ess,  n.  fern. — priest 'hood,  n.  The  priestly  office, 
character,  or  order;  priests  collectively.—  pries!  'like". 
Of,  pertaining  to,  or  resembling  a  priest ;  priestly,  prlcsf  '- 
ll-ness,  n.— prlcst'ly,  a.  1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  pries!  or 
the   priesthood;   sacerdotal.      2.    Suitable   to   or   beilltlng    a 

priest.— prlest'rid"den,   a.     Completely    under    the    In- 
fluence or  domination  of  priests,     pries!  'rid" J. 
Priestley,  1  prlst'h;  2  prSst'ly,  Joseph  (1733  1804).     \n 

English  philosopher  and  chemlsl  ;  discoverer  of  0 

prig,  1  prig;  2  prig.    I.  vt.    [Slang.l    To  filch  or  steal     II. 

n.    1.  A  formal  and  narrow-minded  person  w  ho  assumes 
.superior  virtue,  wisdom,  or  [earning;  pedant.    2.  [Pro* 
or  Obs.]   A   fop.      3.    [Slang]    A    thief.      [ -...    pniNK  I 
prig'glsm,   n.     The  Characteristics  or  manners  of  a  prig. 

prig'ger-yi.— prig'gish,  a.    Ay,  adv.   -ness,  n. 
prim,  1  prim;  2  prim.    1.  vt.  &  vi.    [primmi  d;  pbim'minq  I 

To  decorate  or  adjust  primly  ;  d 

make  oneself  prim,    II.  a.  Minutely  or  affectedlj  p 
and  formal;  stiffly  proper  and  neat,    I'd   1    Syn     eeNEAT. 
prim'l) ,  ad\     prim 'n  ess,  n 

prim.,  abbr.    Primary,  primate,  primitive, 

prl'ma-cy,  L  proi'ma-si;  2  prl'r  '  - 

'Ii,,'  state  -i  I"  oe-  first,  as  in  rank  or  ex< 
office  of  a  primate;  ai  cnbi  riopi  i<      i      01 
i.i,.  ,  primate  1    pri'mate-shlpt. 

prl'ma  don 'na,  1  prl'ma  don' <  ileta 

ing  female  si r,i     in  an  opera  company.    |M  I 

prl'ma  fa'cl-e,  I  pral'mn  >■ 
llrsl  vie 

pri'mal,  1  prai'mel  inning 

or  foundation   Hi  I    on  Inal;  chlcl     Byn    b«  prim 

prl'ma-ry.  1  prai'me  ri;  2  i"'  -  '•         I.  Firs!  in 

.  ,    i  [me,   i  bough! ,  or  in  tl     i  idicnl; 

primitive,    2.  First  in  di  gree,  rank,  oi  importance;  fun 

damental;  obi  I      :t.   Fii  I    i lei    ol   adi  am  i 

lowe  i  .  i  I  ntai  ■  '       '      ••  ' ' 

or  pei  loom;'  to  the  pi rlj  ing  the  b 

the  primaries,    •r>.  Oeol  (1)  IP  I 


pear-shaped  and  often  prickly  fruit,  or  the  fruit  itself. 

For  words  In  pre-  not  given  above  sec  ran-,  prefix,  paw   610 


primate 


■ 


ili"  0     'i«t .  ftr;   full.  rOli- ;   lull,  liOrn; 

ii         i  i  won.       <;is 


it  In  i  i     |irlni.ir> 

pri  ma-rl-li  . 

|irl    in  i-rl-ii.  s,, 

pri  ni.iti  .  prelate 

i 

I  Ml  order, 

to  man 

prlini  .  I.         I. 

iiition  or  with 

t ith  the 

!.  '  I       upply  with 

i  with  a  prime  mark  ( ' ). 

II-         l-  primer; 

prop  r 

.  time,  :i-  a  •  :t. 

Under: 

i   .        become 

pri   mac"  .  1  .   In  per 

■  if  :i  ship  f" 

riled  frum  :i  ).i.ilrr  In 

priin  Ing,  That   with   which   anything    la 

prlr.  ■  -..  Ignite 

aa  exi  ground  or  Orel  layer  of  paint 

laid  on  a  surface,  as  a  picture. 

prinii  .  I.  in  rank,  dignity,  or 

.'. 

■  .•■      S.  First  in  I  in r  order; 

levaL    4.  Math.  Divisible  by  no 
.  1  unity:  said  of  a  number. 
'<■  and  vigor  uf 

i».  Marked  with  I 

•■  rl.    <  pro.  i 

prime  mover,     i.    Ln 
:.  That  which  Is 
regarded  as  an  Original  or  natural  mechanical  or   ; 

■  -.  as  muscui  ..r  electricity.    3.  A 

prim,  i . .  prime  ness, 

prime.         I.  I  vigor,  beauty, and 

rmerly, 
of  full  perfection  in  any- 
thing      ;.  inything,  as  of  tl 

I . 
laud*:  often  in  tin-  plural.     5.  The  best   part;  a  prime 
I,  7. 

written,  right  of  a  letter  or  figure; 

an  inch,  a  -•  .  by  that  -ign. 

•.rst-1 
pri  on  r.   .   ;  -'il'raar:  2  prt'roer.  a.     First;  original:  primary. 

■•iariu3.  <  primus,  prime. ] 
prim  vr  .  I  prim'sr;2  prlnrer,  n.    1.  An  elementary  read- 
nnall  prayer»book  or  the  Ii         '.'. 
great  primer        . 
long  primer.     ~   ■    1 1  em 
prim  it  .  1.   \ny  den 

.'. 
prt-me'ro,  .  \  game  at  cards,  from 


pri-inc\  ii.  : 


known  .: 

eluding  • 
plants  ai 

immemorial.     Pri 
In  tun*- 


■.!.  a.    Belonging  to 
.   primary. 

Immemorial, 

prime, 
from. 

:.  tune, 

■ 

:*-ak  of  a 

prime,  minister,  a  primary  who'll.     I'rimnl  Is  i 
In   the  sense  of   pr  /'rlmorili/il 

is  Orst  In  an  •  a  pri- 

mordial   leal.      Primiiltt    frcqu  ea    having    the 


'  i  hat  whirl)  It  represents,  as  well 

lioul  remoteness  in  time 

pllcllj  ma)  bo  found  in  ■• 

• 
ad   ,  pristine 

i      i   which  K  both  all 

Id   0>  lie  tlltllU- 

■    .    to  nun-.   Independently 
uf  qu  phrase,  that   "whereof  the 

memon  of  man  runneth  no)  to  the  contrary";  an.  mi  im- 
■  j  -r.nu     i  Compare  sj  nonj  ma  fur  v 
. \ 1 1 1 :  ad>  eni  • .  iniiii- 

prl-m<   i  ii-i 
prlm'l-du,  i  l   prim'i-tiv;  2  prtm'i-tiv.     I.  n      I.  Per- 
l»rl in ' i- 1 iv  .  i         ing  to  the  Beginning  ur  origin 

•-.-ir  1 ,  op] I  to  derived      'i. 

mbling  the   manners  or  style  ol    long   ago;   old« 

timple;  plain     :I.  0<  ol    I  n  gi  di  ral, 
ing  t".  or  characterised  by  the  earliei  and  lower 
t r 1 1 ■  t •  - •  1     4.  Anthrop  t  >t  or  pertaining 
to  the  beginning  ur  simples!  form     •">.  i 

irring  at  an  early  stage  ol  developmenl 
formed;  rudimentary;  original  Ii.  Oram.  Standing  in 
original  relation,  aa  a  word  from  which  a  derivative  is 
made,  whether  itself  derived  or  not,  II.  n  I.  \  pri- 
mary or  radical  word;  also,  a  word  from  which  another  ia 
derived.  'I.  Math.  A  form  in  algebra  or  geometry  from 
which  another  ia  derived.    [<  ] 

n«.]    Syru  see  first;  primeval;  radii  u.     prlm'l- 

lh    e-l>    .  prim'l-lh    e-neflS   .  prlni"l-lh  'i-l>     . 

prfmo-gen  'i-tiirc  1  proi"mo-jen i-cnur  or  -tiur;  2  pri"- 

Oi-chur  or -tur,  n.    1.  Seniority  by  birth.    '.'. 

The  right  uf  the  eldest  Bon  to  inherit  the  property,  title, 

it  a  parent,  to  the  exclusion  of  all  other  children. 

[<  L.  primus,  first,  +  oio no.  beget.)    prr'nio-gen'l-tUTU- 

ship-:.     prl"mo-gen 'i-tor,  n.    An  ancestor. 

pri-iimr  ili-al,  1  proi-mer'di-el;  2  pri-morMi-al     I.  a     1. 
First  in  order  or  time;  original;  primitive.    Z.Biol   Fit   < 
in  order  of  appearance.     II.  n.  An  elementary  princi- 
ple.     [F.,   <   1..  primnrdtum,  origin.]      SiTl.:   see  FIRST;   PRI- 
prl-mor'ili-al-l> . 

primps  1  primp;  2  primp,  c.    t.t.    [Coiioq]   To  prink.    II.  i. 
To  be  formal  or  affected.    [Var.  ofPBJ 

prim 'rose",  1  pnm'roz";2  prim'ros".    I.  a.    1.  Pertaining 

to  a  primrose,  or  of  the  color  of  the  primrose;  light 

greenish-yellow,    'i.  Flowery;  gay.    II.  n.    I.  \n  early 

ring  perennial  with  variously  colored  flowers.    2. 

A  pale  greenisb.»yellow  color. 

prl'ni)  +,  a.    Early;  blooming;  spring.llke. 

prin.,  n'lhr.    Principal,  principally,  principle. 

prince,  1  prin.-;  2  prim;,  n.  1.  A  male  monarch  or  sov- 
ereign '.'.  ton  of  a  monarch;  also,  a  male  descen- 
dant of  a  royal  house.  3.  <  Ine  of  a  high  order  of  nobility. 
4.  A  chief  ur  leader.  [F.,  <  I.,  princeps,  <  i 
first .  +  eapio,  take]  S.vn.:  see  ifABTEB,-  prliice'dom,  n. 
The  rank,  dignity,  or  Jurisdiction  of  a  prince.  -  prince 'kin, 
n.     A  little  or  Inferior  prince,     prlnce'let;;  prince'ling.. 

princely,  n.    1.  Like  or  characteristic  of  a  prince,    'i. 

Belonging  to  or  suitable  for  a  prince.  :t.  Having  the  rank 
of  a  prince.  Synj  see  xtjtolt.  prlnce'll-ncss,  «.-  prln'- 
cess,  n.  l.  a  female  member  of  a  royal  family.  2.  A 
:i.  i  he  wife  ol  a  prince, 

Prince  Ed 'ward  Is'land.  An  island  and  province  In  the 
<;nif  of  St.  Lawrence,  Canada;  2,184  sq.  m.;  pop.  94,000; 
capital,  <  lhariottetown. 

Prince 'ton,  1  prins'tan;  2  princ'ton,  n.  A  town  in  central 
New  Jersey;  pop.  5,000;  scat  of  Princeton  University, 
founded  it  p.. 

prin  ei-pal,  1  prin'si-psl;  2  prin'ci-pal.  I.  a.  First  in 
rank,  character,  or  importance;  chief.  II.  n.  1.  One 
who  taki  b  a  li-ailiim  part,  or  who  ia  at  the  head  of  some 
institution,  I  "t  college;  especially,  in  law, 

the  actor  in  a  crime,  or  one  present  aiding  and  abetting. 
;.  pi tal;  a  sum  on  which  interest  accrues 

[tending  to  tin-  ridge*pole;  a  principal 
rafter.  [F.,  <  I.,  principalis,  <  princeps,  chief, J 
Syn.:  nca;  (adjecdvi     see  first:  pabamottnt. 

-  prln"cl-pal'l-ty,  n.  [-tii>!^,  pi.\  1.  The  territory  of 
a  rdgl  irea    to  a   prince  a  title  of 

ooorfa         Z  or  powerful  Influences,  as  celestial 

or  demoniacal   powi  :  >f  being  supreme  or 

preeminent     sovereignty,     prin'ci-pal-ly,  adv. — prin'cl- 

pal-sliip. 
prin'ii-pl  (■'',  1  prin'si-pl;  2  prln'i;i-pl.     I.  it.     [-pl(e)d; 
-I'I.in*;  j     To  establish  or  confirm  in  principles,  good  or 

bad:  chiefly  in  the  past  participle.    II.  »<     1.  A  Bourceor 

from  which  a  thing  proceeds       'I.  Thai    which  is 
inherent  in  anything,  determining  it 


l:a  =  final;    i  =  haolt^    aisle;    an  =  out;    oil;    Iii  =  feud;    chin;    go;    n  =  sinff;    thin,   this. 
619      2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   lull,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   Oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,   this. 


primate 
prize 


character;  essence.  3.  A  general  truth  or  proposition. 
4.  A  settled  law  or  rule  of  action,  especially  of  right  ac- 
tion, consciously  and  resolutely  adopted.  5.  A  law  of 
nature  as  illustrated  in  the  mechanical  powers,  (i. 
Chem.  An  essential  constituent  of  a  compound  or  sub- 
stance that  gives  character  to  it.  7t.  Commencement  ; 
beginning.  [<  L.F  principium,  a  beginning.]  Syn.:  see 
doctrine;  law;  reason. 

prln'cockt,  n.    A  coxcomb,    prime'eockt:  prin'eoxt. 

prin'gKe,  1  prin'gl;  2  prin'gl,  tit.  [prin'gl(e)d;  prin'gmng.] 
To  cause  to  crunch  by  treading  on  or  passing  over,  as  gravel. 

prink,  1  prink;  2  prink,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  dress  or  adorn,  as 
one's  person  for  show.  2.  To  assume  pretentious  airs; 
strut. 

printd,  1  print;  2  print,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  make  a  mark  or 
marks  upon,  as  by  pressure;  impress.  2.  To  impress 
(type,  letters,  or  pictures,  etc.)  on  paper,  cloth,  etc.; 
make  copies  of  by  a  printing=press.  3.  To  send  forth  in 
print;  publish.  4.  To  reproduce  by  any  transfer  process, 
as  by  mimeograph,  or  as  photographs  by  the  action  of 
sunlight  on  sensitized  paper.  5.  To  fix,  as  by  impress- 
ing; impress;  delineate;  as,  the  scene  was  printed  on  his 
memory.  6.  To  form  in  imitation  of  the  characters  used 
in  print.  II.  i.  1.  To  practise  printing  as  a  business. 
2.  To  form  letters  in  imitation  of  printed  characters. 
Syn.:  see  impress. — print'ing,  n.  1.  The  making  and  is- 
suing of  matter  for  reading  by  means  of  type  and  the  print- 
ing-press. 2.  Presswork.  3.  The  act  of  reproducing  a  de- 
sign upon  a  surface  by  any  process.  4.  That  which  is 
printed. —  print'ing  =press",  n.  A  mechanism  for  printing, 
operating  by  pressure,     presst;  print'inK=ma-ehine"t. 

print,  n.  1.  An  impression  with  ink  from  type,  plates, 
etc.;  printed  characters  collectively;  printed  matter.  2. 
Anything  printed  from  an  engraved  plate  or  litho- 
graphic stone;  a  proof;  a  printed  picture  or  design.  3.  A 
newspaper,  pamphlet,  or  the  like.  4.  An  impression  or 
mark  made  upon  or  sunk  into  a  substance  by  pressure; 
imprint.  5.  A  reproduction  from  such  an  impression. 
6.  Printed  calico.  7.  Any  tool  or  device  bearing  a  pat- 
tern or  design  to  be  impressed  by  stamping;  also,  the 
pattern  or  design,  or  that  upon  which  it  is  impressed. 
8.  Phot.  A  positive  picture  made  from  a  negative.  9f. 
A.n  edition.  [  <  OF.  preinte,  for  empreinle,  imprint. 1 
Syn.:  see  mark;  picture. — in  print,  printed;  also,  for  sale 
In  printed  form:  opposed  to  out  of  print. — print'sshop",  n. 
A  shop  or  store  where  prints  or  engravings  are  kept  for  sale. 
— p.=works,  n.    A  calico=printing  factory. 

print.,  abbr.    Printing. 

print  'er,  n.  1.  One  engaged  in  the  trade  of  typographical 
printing;  one  who  sets  type  or  runs  a  printing=press; 
specifically,  a  compositor.  2.  One  who  owns  a  printing' 
establishment  and  employs  printers.  3.  One  who  prints, 
stamps,  impresses,  or  transfers  copies  of  anything  as  a 
business.    4.  A  recording  telegraph. 

pri'or,  1  prai'ar;  2  prl'or.  I.  a.  Preceding  in  time,  order, 
or  importance:  used  also  with  to  adverbially.  II.  n.  1. 
A  monastic  officer  next  in  rank  below  an  abbot.  2. 
Formerly,  an  Italian  magistrate.  [L.,  former,  earlier.] 
Syn.:  see  antecedent;  anterior. — pri'or-ate,  n.  The 
position,  dignity,  or  term  of  office  of  a  prior,  pri'or-shipt. 
— pri'or-ess,  n.  fern.  A  female  prior;  a  nun  next  in  rank 
below  an  abbess. — pri-or'l-iy,  n.  Antecedence;  superior- 
ity. Syn.:  see  precedence. — pri'or-y,  n.  [pei'oh-ibsz,  pi.] 
A  monastic  house  presided  over  by  a  prior  or  prioress.  Syn.: 
see  cloister.  [lyric  and  humorous  poei 

Prl'or,  Matthew  (1064-1721).      An  English  diplomat  and 

Prls-clPla,  1  prl-sll'a;  2  pri-cll'a 
ship  of  Miles  Slandish,  a  Pu- 
ritan maiden  courted  by  John 
Alden  as  proxy  for  Standlsh. 
Later  she  marries  Alden. 

prls'ert,  n.    Same  as  PRIZER. 

prism,  1  prizm;  2  prism,  n. 
1.  A  solid  whose  b:ive.s  or 
ends  are  any  similar  equal 
and  parallel    plane  figures, 

and  whose  lateral  faces  are 

parallelograms;     in    optics, 

such  a  solid,  usually  having 
triangular  end    and  made 

of   glass   or  other-   I  i  :i  n    par- 

ent    substance,   its  refrai  I 
Vng  surfaces  making  as  angle   ' ■■ 

with  each  other. 

white   light,    passing  through    „,,,-, ,,,,.  ,„ . .,,. ,,  .,i. ., 

such  a    prism    Is    bent    twice 

from  its  course  in  the  same  direction,  once  on  entering  and 
once  on  leaving,  and  different  wavelengths  being  ben!  to 
different  degrees,  the  colors  are  separated,  SO  OB  to  form  a 
spectrum. 


in  i  ongfellow's  Court. 


Prisms,  Optical  and  Geomet- 
rical. 
i     k  notion  of  ft  train  or  1  itta  ■,  1 1 

I   i   i,.'. I  Ibi 


2.  The  spectrum.  [  <  (ir.  prisma,  lit.  'something sawed,' 
<  prizo,  saw.) — pris-mat'lc,  a.  1.  Refracted  or  formed 
by  a  prism;  resembling  the  spectrum:  exhibiting  rain- 
bow tints.  2.  Pertaining  to  or  shaped  like  a  prism,  prls- 
mat 'i-calf.— pris-mat'i-ral-ly.  adv.  -pris'mold,  n.  A 
body  resembling  a  prism  in  form.  —  pris-moi'dal,  a. 

pris'on,  1  priz'n;  2  prig'n.  I.  vt.  To  imprison.  II.  h.  A 
place  of  confinement,  as  a  public  building  for  thi 
keeping  of  persons  in  legal  custody.  (!■'.,  <  L.  pren- 
sio(n-),  seizing,  <  prehendo,  seize!  pris'on=fe"ver,  n. 
Pathol.  A  form  of  malignant  typhus.  jail'=fe"verj;  typhus 
graviorj.  p.  house,  /j.  A  prison:  now  usually  poetic  or 
figurative.  — pris'on-er,  n.  A  captive;  one  confined  in  a 
prison  or  held  in  custody. 

pris'tav,  1  pris'tav;  2  pris'tav,  n.  A  Russian  inspector,  over- 
seer, or  commissary.    [<  Rus.  pristavS.]    prls'tawj. 

pris'tin(es,  1  pris'tm;  2  prls'tin,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
the  earliest  state  or  time.  [<  I.,  pristinue,  primitive.] 
Syn.:  see  first;  primeval. 

prith'ee,  1  prith'I;  2  prith'e.    I  pray  thee. 

priv.,  abbr.     Privative. 

pri'va-cy,  1  proi'va-si;  2  pri'va-cy.  n.  [-eras1,  pi.]  1. 
The  condition  of  being  private;  seclusion;  retirement. 
2.  A  matter  that  is  private.  3.  A  place  of  seclusion. 
Syn.:  see  retirement:  seclusion;  solitude. 

pri'vate,  1  prod'vit;  2  prl'vat.  I.  o.  1.  Removed  from 
public  view;  retired;  secluded;  secret.  2.  Personal  or 
unofficial,  as  opposed  to  public:  hence,  without  rank. 
2.  Disposed  to  be  secretive  or  reticent.  4.  Nut  common 
or  general.  II.  n.  1.  A  common  soldier;  archaically, 
an  ordinary  citizen.  2.  /)/.  The  private  parts;  genitals. 
3f-  Privacy.  [<  L.  privaius,  pp.  of.  pi  an.  separate.] 
Syn.:  see  secret. — pri"va-teer'.  I.  vi.  To  cruise,  or  com- 
mit hostilities,  in  a  privateer,  II.  ;;.  1.  A  vessel  owned 
and  officered  by  private  persons,  but  carrying  on  maritime 
war  under  letters  of  marque.  2.  A  prlvateersman.  prl"- 
va-teer'ing,  n. — prl"va-teers'inan,  it.  An  officer  or 
seaman  on  a  privateer. — pri'iate-lj,  adv.-  pri'vate- 
ness,  n. 

pri-va'tion,  1  prai-ve'sTiDn;  2  pri-va'shon,  /<.  1.  The 
state  of  lacking  something  necessarj  or  desirable;  espe- 
cially, want  of  the  common  comforts  of  life.  2.  1  lepri- 
vation.  3.  Louie.  The  absence  from  an  object  of  what 
ordinarily  or  naturally  belongs  to  objects  of  thai  kind. 
4.  Suspension  or  degradation  from  office,  as  oi  B  priesl 
[OF.,  <  L.  privalioOi-),  <  prim;  see  PRIVATE.]  .Syn.:  see 
loss:  poverty;  want,  priv 'a-tlv(eB.  I.  a.  1.  Causing 
privation,  want,  or  destitution;  depriving.  'I.  Altering  a 
word  so  as  to  express  a  negative  instead  of  a  positive  mean 
ing.  3.  Noting  negation;  as,  privative  particles  (such  pre- 
fixes and  suffixes  as  a-,  an-,  in-,  -less).  4.  Logic.  .Noting  or 
denoting  privation.  See  PRIVATION,  3.  II.  «.  1.  That 
which  has  its  only  reality  In  the  absence  of  something;  a 
negative  conception,  as  darkness  or  ei>i<i.  2,  a  prefix  Indi- 
cating negation,  :».  An  adjective  indicating  the  absence  of 
that  which  is  ordinarily  or  naturally  inherent,  as  blind, 
deaf.— prlv'a-tlv{e-ly,  adv.-  prtv'a-tlv(e-ne8B,  rt. 

priv'et,  1  priv'it ;  2  priv'et,  n.    An  ornamental  European 
shrub  used  for  hedges:  natu- 
ralized in  the  I'm  led  States. 

priv'i-lt'Kf,  1  priv'i-lij;  2  priv'i- 
leg.  I.  i>i*.  [-i.ec.ed;  -LEG-ING.] 
Tograut  a  privilege  to;  invest 
w  it  h  a  certain  benefil ,  immu- 
nity, or  exemption.  II.  «  •- 
A  right  or  immunity  enjoyed 
under  special  condil  ion  •  '-'  i .  •»-',. 
Exemption  from  law  [OI  . 
<  L,  I"  i  i  "■-.  i  ine's  ou  n.  |  /.  j 
(lea-),  law. |    Syn.:  see  RIGHT 

priv'i-ly,  1  priv'i-li;  2  priv'i-ly, 
adv.    Privately;  sei 

priv'i-ly,  1  priv'i-li;   2  prTv'i-H  pi.]     rvnowl- 

ed  [i  shared  with  another  or  othei    i  private 

matter:  usuallj  implying  oonsenl  or  cont  ui 
In  law,  .-i  mutual  or  su<  ■ 
right.,  oi  proper!  j      I       L.or  ■"•  I 

prh  '>,  1  pi.-,  i;  2  prltv'y.  «     I.  Participating  with  finothoi 

01    .'.I  hers  in  the  knowli  dgl 

i  from  publicity  ;score1      :t-  Secluded; 
red;  as,  privy  cnambi  i      «•  I  '•   igned  for  inch- 

.■.i. 

vate.l     prlv'y.n.    Iphiv'h -..-. ■-./■.'  I    I.Oncwl necrncd 

wiiii  d  matter  affci  ting  thi  Inti  n 

a  small  room  or  < on i ie  foi  i  imouatlorj  and  all  rj 

ft  ce  '  < '  n     

pri/.e1.  l  prate; :.'  prU,  vt     [prizbd;  pbh      ■   i     ro  eiaeos 

11    prize 

prlzc2,rt.    To  place  a  value  on    hold,.. 


Privet. 


lie;  retin  '  ■'  "  ' 

private  intimacj      !       I 


prl/.- 

|.r>'lh 


prw. 
prlr  i 


i  iio,.      o'.rtr;  full,  rtile;  bot,  Mini; 

t>t,  »)>»t.  n  ,  ,11        i        go,  inn.  I...  no.:,    (•.•.mi 


Kill  : 

u 


'■■ 

|i      I.   i       Ml    III. 
I"'/.         Ml I. 

p     rlin;.  \ 

I. 

l»  r  i  .'.        iiithorn 

prli   .  r    .  I 

l.n- 
I.  ll   m  f:i\  ..r  ■ 

ll.  In  behalf  of; 

■  rata 

pro-,  fon    forward;  fur:  in  be- 

i  fore,  or 

prod  .  ,  problem 

pri'li   B-bl   I    .    .  III.    .1        1.    lla\  Log 

irj  :  likely  to  be  true  or  t" 
'.'.    I  bat    ren- 

ilm    falling    short    of 

:tr.   Provable. 

4   .  ,  prove.] 

■  tumable.  reasonable.    See  appab- 

lubtous,  Improbable,  Incred- 

prob"a-bll'l-t) .  n 

I.  probable;  :i  probable  event  or 

•  or  the  chances  favoring  an 

against  It,    :t. 

tier  Bureau;  a 

ihood.  llkelliM 

■r.  dubiousness,  lm| 

Ivableneas,  un- 
prob  'a-blj . 

I.  a.    Relating  to  making 


- 
ll.  I . 

.'. 

probate  court,  a 
•  ■(  the  pront  of  wills,  of  guardlan- 

pro-h.i '; | .mi.  .  2  pro-ba'shon,  r».    1.  A  pro- 

.  qualification 
'.'  .  The  act  "f  proving; 
[<  L.  ination.] — pro-ba'- 

iion-i-r\.  probation,    pro-ba'tlon- 

.  •    -  •    on  probation  or  trial;  a 

pro  "  .-I  h  t  .  a.     1.  Serving  for  proof  or  test, 
pro'ha-to-r)  :. 
[irolic.  .  i.    t     [pbobed:  ih'mi'im,  ]    l.To 

'.'.  ■  brough ;  scrutinize; 

■  ■r  thorough  scrutiny.    II.         I . 
lurae  of 
tests.     [<  L. 
'rut,  good .  I 
proiii-i>.  i-ty,  n.     Tried  integrity; 

,    <  probm , 

proi)  ii  in.  .  1.  A  perplexing 

■  ruction  is  required, 
battd, 

pmir'l.  :n-.it  'ic.  a 

at  iagent. 

probl,    ■■-  ii    .-.   J.      prob"|em-at 'l-cal-l>  . 

pro—be*  els,  [-CI-DB8,  l-i-dlz; 

I  ible,  •••.:.. I  |>r 

.••.ii  resembling 
.   <  <  ir   pro,  before,  -r 

.•.ntts. 
1 '  .  yur;  2  pro-eC'jur  or  -c8d'- 

.  course  of  action. 

pro-.  .     I    .  pro-e£d',  vi.    1.  To  go  on  or  for- 

itinue.     Z.  To  begin  and  carry  on  a  series  of 


;  from   lonie  source, 

...  |  •     I     pro 

pro-r.  .  .1   ir.   •         pro-.  ,i,l   Inn, 
I 

p.,.  . . .  ,i- .  us.  (.a  ..I  m. ii,  i  la) 

imIuci  .  n  mi  ii.  >  laid 

proc  '!••>•-.  I  1.  A  course  or  n 

I 
hi  tin-  production  "i  something     '.'.    \  for- 

:t.   \  juili- 
i .  i  •  i » 1 1 1 

S,  /  \    •  effect  iiik  :i 

ii.  as  by  chemical 

act  i'  in     6.  '  nji'i't- 

ing  appendage      |  • .    I  |     pro- 

ces'slon,  n,    I.  In  arra  Ing  Ii Ii  i ly 

:     i  I,  ■     S.  Seel     \  litany  or 

hymn,  sung  bj  persons  moving  In  ord.  i  proces- 

sional. Syii.:  cavalcade,  column,  cortege,  train,  Ant.: 
herd,  mob,  rabble,  r,,m  pro-ces'slon-al.  I.  a.  OI  or 
pertaining  to  a  proc.  on  II.  1  I  I.  A  i k  contain- 
ing the  Ben  Ices  In  a  '.'.  \  ii\  nan  ung 
during  ;i  religious  procession,  pro-cee'slon-al-ly,  ode. 
pro-claim',  1  pro-kl6m';2  pro-elam',  vt,  1.  To  announce 
aloud  or  in  a  public  manner;  promulgate  '.  I  ormerly, 
ia  England,  to  outlaw  by  public  proclamation.  8.  [Ir.] 
ring  within  certain  legal  re  trictions  bj  proclama- 
tion.   [>    L.  pro,  forth,  I  cJamo,  call.]   Syn.:  see  announce; 

AVOW;   ri  BLOB. 

pro-claim 'er,  n.    proc'la-ma'tl n     I.  The  act  of 

:   i  :      •;.  i  bat  which  is  proclaimed;  a  public  author- 
Si.  A  formal  declaration. 
pro-oliv'i-l>,  1  pro  klivVti;  2  pro-ellVi-ty,  >..     I 
/'/ ]     1.  Natural  disposition  or  tendency;  propensity. 
.•  .  I  acilitj  ol  learning;  aptness.    [<  I..1  pro,  before,  -+- 
sloplng  I    Syn    see  ippettte;  m       i        clination. 
Proc'ne,  ]  prek'ni;  2  proc'ne,  n.  Or  Myth    An  Athenian  prin- 
bo  was  transformed  Into  a  swallow  for  kiiiiia:  her  son. 
pro-con  Sill,  1  pro-ken'sul;  2  pro-edn'sfil,  /..     1.  Rom. 
,    An  official  having  charge  of  a  province  oi   an 
army.    '1.  Elence,  anj  governor  of  a  dependency. — pro- 
con'su-lar,  a.     ll  Pertaining  to  a  proconsul  or  ins  office. 
■.*.  Governed  by  a  proconsul,    pro-eon 'su-la-ryi.—pro- 
eon'sul-ate,  n.    pro-con 'sul-shlpt. 

rro-cu'pl-us,  1    pro-ko  pins;  2   pro-,  o'pl-us,  n.     (500-565?) 

historian,  the  chronicler  ol  Justinian's  court. 

pro-eras 'tl-nate,  1  pro-kras'ti-nSt;  2  pro-eras'ti-n&t,  vt. 
[-.\at"kij'1;  -nat'im;.]   1.  To  put  off  until  to-mor- 
row or  till  a  futun-  time;  defer  or  delay  from  time  to 
time.     'i.  To  !>'•  dilatory;  delay.      [<    L.  pro,  for,    + 
craslintu,  of  Uyanorrow.] 

Syn.:  adjourn,  defer,  delay,  postpone,  put  o(T.  Sec  post- 
PONI       Aiit.:  acoeli  '  pedlte,  hasten, 

hurry,   press,  quicken,   urge 

— pro-cras"tl-na'tlon,  n.  The  act,  tendency,  or  habit 
ol  procrastinating;  dllatorlness;  delay.-  pro-eras 'tl-na- 
th  «•-,  a,  Addicted  to  procrastination.— pro-cras'tl-na"- 
tor.  n.     pro-eras 'tl-na-to"ry,  a. 

pro'cre-afi"1,  1  pnVkn-rt;  2  pro'ere-at,  vt.  To  i  ngender; 
beget.     (<  L.  pi  creo,  create] — pro'cre- 

.■int.  I.  n.  Effecting  or  conducive  to  or  connected  with 
procreation  or. reproduction;  generating;  fruitful.  II.  n. 
One  who  or  that  which  procreates.  Synj  see  propagate. 
—  pro"cre-a'tlon,  n.  pro'cre-a"li\  <-\  ./  Possessed 
of  generative  power;  reproductive.     pro'crc-a"tor,  n. 

Pro-crus'tes,  1  pro-krus'ttz;  2  pro-erus'tea,  '..  Or.    \ntiq.  A 

dary  Greek  robber,  said  to  have  amputated  or  stretched 

thelln  tain  bed.     Pro-crus'te-an, 

a.     1.   Pertaining   to  or  characteristic  of  Procrustes.     2. 

lien.-.-,  ruthlessly  forcing  into  conformity. 

proc 'tor,  1  prek'ter  or  -ter;  -  prfte'tor,  n,  1.  An  agent 
acting  for  another;  at  toraey;  proxy.  2.  Aunivereit  oi 
college  official  chart;.-. 1  with  maintaining  order.  [  <  L.or 
procurator,  pbocubatob.]  proe-to'ri-al,  a.  pro>tor'l- 
eal  .    proc'tor-sblp,  n. 

Iirn-iiitn'lii'iit,  1  pro-kuin'bent;  2  pro-cum'bent,  a. 
Lying  Bat,  as  on  the  ground;  trailing;  prone.     [<  L. 

pro,  forward.  -+■  culm,  he] 
pro-euro',  1  pro-kiur';  2  pro-cur',  v.     [pbo-CUBED';  pbo- 
ctm'iNG.l    I.  t.     1.  To  come  into  poi  session  or  enjoy- 
ment of  \>y  Home  .-iTort  or  means;  obtain.    'I.  To  bring 

about  by  effort  or  means,     '.i.  To  obtain  :i     procurer  or 

m  -  11.  1.  To  engage  in  the  business  of  a  pro- 
curer. '£  .  i  '  ilt.  (<  L.  pro,  for,  +  euro, 
care  for.)  Syn.:  see  attain:  gain;  gei  obi  iin;  peep  abb; 
PBOYXDX;  I't  k.  mask,  pro-cur 'a-hl  <•'•,  a  That  may  be 
procured.—  proc'u-ra-cy,  n.  [-ciebz,  pi.]  1.  The  manage- 
ment of  another's  affairs;  the  olllce  or  service  of  a  procura- 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n 


prize 


1:3  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  o«t;    ell:    10  =  feud;    eliin;    go;    0  =  81719;    thin,   this.  prize 

621     2:  wolf,  do;  book,  boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this,     profligate 


tor.  2t.  A  power  of  attorney;  proxy. — proc"u-ra'tion, 
n.  1.  The  act  of  procuring.  2.  Law.  A  proxy;  power  of 
attorney. — proc'u-ra"tor,  n.  1.  One  employed  to  act  for 
another;  an  agent;  proctor.  2.  A  Roman  provincial  admin- 
istrator, -ship,  n. — pro-cure  'meat,  n. — pro-cur'er,  n. 
One  who  procures  for  another,  as  to  gratify  lust;  a  pander. 
— pro-cur 'ess,  n.  f. 

Pro'cy-on,  1  pro'si-en;  2  pro'cy-6n,  n.  Astron.  The  most  con- 
spicuous star  in  the  constellation  Canis  Minor.  See  con- 
stellation; STAR. 

prod,  1  pred;2  prod.  I.  vt.  [prod'ded11;  prod'ding.]  To 
punch  or  poke,  as  with  a  pointed  instrument.  II.  n.  1. 
Any  pointed  instrument;  a  goad.  2.  A  thrust  or  punch. 
[Prob.  <  Ice.  broddr,  spike.  1 — prod'der,  n. 

prod'i-gal,  1  pred'i-gal;  2  prod'i-gal.  I.  a.  1.  Addicted 
to  wasteful  expenditure,  as  of  money,  time,  or  strength. 
2.  Yielding  in  profusion;  bountiful.  3.  Lavish;  profuse. 
II.  n.  One  who  is  wasteful  or  profligate;  a  spendthrift. 
[<  L.  pro,  forth,  +  ago,  drive.]  Syn.:  see  improvident. — 
prod"i-gal'i-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi.]  Extravagance;  wasteful- 
ness.    Syn.:  see  excess. — prod  'i-gal-ly,  adv. 

prod'i-gy,  1  pred'i-ji;  2  prod'i-gy,  n.  [-gles2,  pi.]  1. 
Something  so  extraordinary  as  to  excite  wonder  and  admira- 
tion; a  person  or  thing  of  remarkable  qualities  or  powers.  2. 
A  monstrosity.  3||.  A  portent.  [<  L.  prodigium.\ 
Syn.:  marvel,  miracle,  monster,  portent,  wonder. 
— pro-dig'ious,  a.  Enormous  or  extraordinary,  as  in 
size,  quantity,  or  degree;  vast:  excessive.  Syn.:  see  extra- 
ordinary; immense. — pro-dig 'lous-ly,  adv. — pro-dig'- 
ious-ness,  n. 

prod'I-tort,  n.    A  traitor;  betrayer. 

pro-duce',  1  pro-diQs';  2  pro-dug',  v.  [pro-duced'';  pro- 
ducing.]  l.t.  1.  To  bring  into  existence  from  previous 
materials,  especially  as  a  natural  product;  bring  forth; 
supply.  1.  To  bring  to  view;  exhibit;  declare.  3.  To 
be  the  cause  of ;  lead  to.  4.  To  manufacture;  make.  5. 
To  give  rise  to;  result  in.  6.  To  extend  or  lengthen,  as  a 
line:  chiefly  in  geometry.  7§.  To  place  in  a  forward  po- 
sition. II.  i.  To  yield  or  generate  an  appropriate  prod- 
uct or  result.     [  <  L.  pro,  before,  +  duco,  lead.] 

Syn.:  bear,  breed,  bring  forth,  cause,  create,  effect,  en- 
gender, furnish,  generate,  give  rise  to,  make,  manufacture, 
occasion,  originate,  propagate,  yield.  See  allege;  effect; 
provide. — pro-duc'er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  produces; 
particularly,  one  who  cultivates  or  makes  things  for  sale 
and  use,  in  distinction  from  the  user  or  consumer.— pro- 
duc'i-bl(eP,  a. 

prod'uce,  1  pred'yfAs;  2  prod'yuc,  n.  sing.  &  pi.  That 
which  is  produced;  a  product;  farm«products  collec- 
tively.   Syn.:  see  harvest;  product;  wealth. 

prod'uct,  1  pred'ukt;  2  prod'uct,  n.  1.  Anything  pro- 
duced or  obtained  as  a  result  of  some  operation  or  work. 
2.  Math.  The  result  obtained  by  multiplication.  [  < 
L.  productus,  pp.  of  produco,  produce.] 

Syn.:  crop,  effect,  fruit,  harvest,  outcome,  output,  pro- 
ceeds, produce,  production,  result,  return,  yield.  See  har- 
vest; increase;  work. 

— farm'sprod"ucts,  n.  pi.  The  products  of  a  farm,  as 
cereals,  vegetables,  butter,  eggs,  etc. — pro-duc'til(e»,  a. 
Capable  of  being  extended  or  drawn  out. — pro-duc'tion, 
n.  1.  The  act  or  process  of  producing,  in  any  sense;  in  polit- 
ical economy,  a  producing  for  use,  in  opposition  to  consump- 
tion (by  use).  2.  That  which  is  produced  or  made;  any  tan- 
gible result  of  industrial,  artistic,  or  literary  labor.  Syn.: 
composition,  performance;  work.  Sec  INCREASE;  product; 
work. — pro-due. 'tiv(e»,  a.  1.  Producing  or  tending  to  pro- 
duce; fertile;  remunerative.  2.  I'olil.  Econ.  Producing  or 
tending  to  produce  exchangeable  value.  Syn.:  see  fertile; 
profitable.  pro-duc'tiv(e-lys,  adv. — pro-duc'tiv(c- 
nesss,  n. — pro"duc-tlv'l-ty,  n. 

pro 'em,  1  pro'em;  2  pro'gm,  n.  An  introductory  state- 
ment; preface;  prelude.  [<  Gr.b  pro,  before,  -f  oimos, 
a  path.]— pro-em 'l-al,  a. 

Prof.,  abhr.    Professor. 

pro 'facet,  inter}.  May  It  profit  you:  an  exclamation  of  wel- 
come or  good=wlll. 

pro-fane',  1  pro-fen';  2  pro-fan',  vt.  [pbo-faned';  rau- 
fan'ing.]  1.  To  make  common  or  unholy;  desecrate; 
pollute.    2.  To  put  to  a  degrading  use    Syn.:  see  violate, 

pro-fane',  a.     1.   Manifesting  irreverence  toward   the 
Deity  or  sacred  things.     '•£.  Secular;  uninspired.     3||. 
Not  initiated  into  tin-  Lnnei   mj   teries;  hence, 
common.     [F.,  <  L.  pro,  befori  .  um,  temple.] 

Syn.:  blasphemous,  godless.  Impious,  Irreligious,  sacri- 
legious, secular,  temporal,  unconsecrated,  ungodly,  unhal- 
lowed, unholy,  unsanctlMcd.  wicked     'H  A 1 1 1 . :  CO&M 

crated,  devout,  godly,  holy,  pious,  religious,  reverent,  sa- 
cred, sanctified,  spiritual. 

— prof'a-na'tion,  n.    1.  The  ad  of  profaning;  d< 
tion.    2.  Abusive  or  Improper  treatment;  misuse;  misappli- 
cation.— pro-fan 'a-to-ry,  a,     Productive  <<t  profanity.— 
pro-fanc'ly,   adv.— pro-fan 'cr,  n.     pro-fan 'l-ty,  n.     1. 


The  state  of  being  profane.  2.  Profane  speech  or  action. 
Syn.:  see  oath,  pro-fane'nessj. 
pro-fess'1, 1  pro-fes';2pro-fes',  v.  l.t.  1.  To  make  open 
declaration  of;  avow;  affirm;  declare  one's  devotion  to, 
as  a  system  of  belief.  2.  To  announce  publicly  one's 
skill  in,  as  in  art,  science,  etc.;  also,  to  assume  the  posi- 
tion of  a  teacher  or  practitioner  of.  3.  To  make  a  show 
or  pretense  of .  4.  R.C.Ch.  To  receive  into  an  order  by 
profession.  5f.  To  have  the  appearance  of.  II.  i.  1. 
To  make  open  declaration.  2§.  To  join  a  religious  body 
by  profession.  3f.  To  declare  friendship.  [  <  I.,  pro, 
forth,  +  fateor,  confess.]  Syn.:  see  acknowledge;  avow; 
pretend.— pro-fess'ed-iy,  adv.  1.  By  open  profession: 
avowedly.  2.  Pretendedly. — pro-fes'sion,  n.  1.  An  occu- 
pation that  involves  a  liberal  education,  and  menial  rather 
than  manual  labor.  2.  The  act  of  professing  or  declaring,  as 
one's  faith.  3.  That  which  is  professed;  a  declaration;  also. 
a  pretense.     Syn.:  see  business.  —  pro-fes'slon-al.     I.  a. 

I.  Pertaining  to  a  profession.  2.  Pertaining  to  a  Bpecial 
occupation,  often  for  gain:  opposed  to  atnatt  ur.  II.  n.  1. 
One  who  engages  for  money  to  compete  in  sports:  opposed  to 
amateur.  2.  One  skilled  in  a  profession,  -ly,  adv.— pro- 
fes'slon-al-lsm,  n.—  pro-fes'sor,  n.  1.  A  public  teacher 
of  the  highest  grade,  as  in  a  university  or  college.  2.  <  me 
w-ho  professes  skill  and  offers  instruction  In  some  art.  3. 
One  who  makes  open  profession,  as  of  a  religious  faith. — 
pro"fes-so'ri-al,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  professor;  peda- 
gogic,   -ly,  adv. — pro-fes'sor-ship,  n. 

proffer,  1  profar;  2  prof'er.  I.  vt.  To  offer  for  accep- 
tance. II.  n.  The  act  of  proffering,  or  that  which  is 
proffered;  a  tender;  offer.  [<  L.  pro,  forth,  +  fero, 
bring.]— prof 'fer-er,  n. 

pro-n'oient,  1  pro-fisTi'ent;  2  pro-fish'ent.  I.  a.  Thor- 
oughly versed,  as  in  an  art  or  science;  skilled;  ex- 
pert. II.  n.  An  expert;  adept.  [<  L.  proficio,  advance  ] 
Syn.:  see  skilful. — pro-ti'clen-cy,  71.  Syn.:  see  progress. 
— pro-fi'cient-ly,  adv. 

pro'flle,  1  pro'fll  or  -fail;  2  pro'fil  or  -fll.  I.  vt.  [pro'- 
filed;  pro'fil-ing.]  To  draw  or  represent  in  profile; 
outline.  II.  n.  1.  An  outline  or  contour;  a  drawing  in 
outline,  as  in  vertical  section  or  the  like.  2.  The  outline 
of  a  human  face  or  figure  as  seen  from  the  si<le.  [<  It.* 
profllo,  border,  <   L.  filutn,  thread.] 

prof'itd,  1  profit;  2  profit,  r.     I.  t.    To  be  of  profit  to. 

II.  i.  1.  To  obtain  profit;  better  oneself  or  one's  condi- 
tion; benefit.    2.  To  be  of  advantage  or  use. 

profit,  n.  1.  Any  accession  of  good  physical,  mental, 
or  moral — from  labor  or  exertion;  benefit;  return.  2. 
Excess  of  returns  over  outlay  or  expenditure.  [F.,  <  L. 
pro/ectus,  pp.  of  proficio;  see  PROFICIENT  I 

Syn.:  advantage,  avail,  benefit,  emolument,  expediency, 
gain,  good,  improvement,  proceeds,  receipts,  return,  re- 
turns, service,  utility,  value.  The  returns  or  rtaii>is  In- 
clude all  that  is  received  from  an  outlay  or  investment :  the 
profit  is  the  excess  (if  any)  of  the  receipts  ovi  r  the  outlaj  . 
hence,  in  government,  morals,  etc.,   the  what    is 

really  good,  helpful,  useful,  valuable.  Utility  Ischleflj  used 
in  the  sense  of  some  immediate  or  personal  and  generally 
some  material  good.  Advantagi  is  that  which  give 
vantage-ground,  either  for  coping  with  competitors  or  with 
difficulties,  needs,  or  demands;  as.  to  have  the  advantagi  of 
a  good  education;  it  Is  frequently  used  of  what  one  1 
yond  another  or  secures  af  the  expense  of  another;  as.  to 
have  the  advantagi  of  another  in  argument,  or  10  take  ad- 
vantage of  another  in  a  bargain  Gain  is  what  one  secures 
beyond  what   he  previously  possessed  Hum: 

that  does  one  good      Emolument  i-*  profit,  rett  »,  01 
accruing  through  official  position,    /■'<,  respect 

to  pru/ii  or  advantage,  real  or  supposed,  considered  apart 
from  or  perhaps  in  opposition  10  right,  in  actions  having  a 
moral  character     See  onLin      Ant:  dams  •    d< 
disadvantage,  harm,  hurt,  Injury,  loss.  nun.  waste      Prep.: 

the  profit   Of  labor;  on  capital;   in  business 
prof 'It-less,  11.      prol'll-le  s-ly,  ndi . 

prof  It-a-hlfe1',  1  prerit-e-bl;  2  prfif'it-a-bl,  ■/.  Bringing 
profit ;  remunerat  Lve;  advantai 

Syn.;  ad\  antageou  .  1 expedient   gain- 

ful, lucrative,  productive,  remunerative,    Beo  i\n 
i.o<  111.  1    1  in..  1  lompat ssyno  I    detri- 

mental, dli  advantageous,  disastrous,  fruitless,  harmful,  hurt- 
ful, undesirable,  unproduct  l\  e,  m 

la        Prep.:    a  buslneg  1  Is  profltabli   1  inducts 

It,;  for  those  Indirectly  adi  if  1  an 

guage is  profitable  fi  Ipllne   -nesss,n,  -bly.adi 

prof'l-teer,  1.  <  1    To  di n  otc  oncsoll  to  the  acqulsltii <  ex 

cessh  e  u  illy  in  a  bad  sen  e      11.  >»     <  ini  «  no  1 1 

given  to  profiteering, 

profll-gate,  1  preru-git;  I.  a.    Lost  01  in 

ilo,  \  ii  1  in  .  .11  di  01  ni  1  ,   ii.  .H.1..IM1I  to 
vie.-     II.  .  1      V.  depraved  or  abandoned  person     I  -    1 
pro,  forward,   1  flit  •  immoral     profit* 

g.i-cy,  n       |irof 'll-gatc-ncs    :.      prof 'll-gate-li  . 


proflurnl 

pro  nou  ii 


!  i  ..  .  ..     not.rtr;   full.  rAle;   but,  bArn; 

»!.»(.,»         I  iii  i  ..  n6t,0r, w6n,     |M 


pr..-tu- 


l>r.i|   In-,  i 
I  I 

liing  i... 

; 
i 
II 

' 

pro-Inn  dl-U  . 

pro-found  n<  »~ 


i 

pour  | 
-I).  • ,  pro-la  ilon,  I  •  .  prtxll- 

n    i - 1  ■  > r. 

—  1 1  i  1 » . 

-n> .  i  iffspring,  whether 

I 

proc'in-iliMii*.  Having 

prog- 
uiiii  i.         peat  na-thUm,  ;    i   character  or 

i •  r . ■  _ - 1 1 . ■  -i-.  |.  A  predic- 

•  I  termination  of  a 
ireknowledge. 
prog-nos'tlr. 
I 

iii 

In  n.-  ■  rmlnatlon  of  a 

dL-» ..  prog-noa  i  i-i  l  U  . 

I.  Indications.    .' 

an  omen  of.     Syi:  prog-no-    .  - 

■i.l  ■  im;:  prediction.    '.'. 

That  whic!.  '  proc-nos'tt-ca'tor, 

■  mi.  ■      l.  \  list  giv- 

i :  1 1  iii'  .  for  :i 1 1  entertainment ; 

also.  ■  'i.  Any  prear- 

range -:  a  |.r..-|" 

<  Cir.r  pre 

iT..-^r  -  -    .  |  ■   a  i .,  move 

if  action  ordevelop- 
improve,    (<  L.  pro,  for- 

pr..^  r.  --.  .  I.        loving  forward 

.'.  toward   maturity  nr  oom- 

■\.   A   joumi 
realm. 
Sni:  adv:-.  •-    ament,  development, 

■ 

lhar.  '  ip,  denol  iii.- 

advantage'  -    I  d  reached  by  forward 

or  onward  movement;  i  Irtue  or 

scholarship,  proficiency  in  music  or  l«"g"«g— ,  the 

ii  ludea  the  Idea 
of  skill.    a  movi  iii-ni  i  .r 

ei  i .  bul  always  rela- 
thi  ■ 
started:  as,  this  Ls :. 

■  i  -        forward    Is 
nt.  admitting  ol 

rly  a  point  to  be 

■ 

■  if  nil  advance  or  proarcis  Is 

rlcl  the 

Indifferently  Ol 

ii  limitation  "I  am  an  advo- 

'.   | 

delay,  falling  bar,.  relapse,  rcuuKioastoi 

stop  of  truth;   in  virtue: 

-   state      pro- 
ion.  I. 

-'•rU-H  of  Dumbera  or  quai  of  which 

law.  Syn.:  see 
pro-gn  •  'slon-al, 
pra-grea'sti  i  ■  .         I 

:.  Aiming  at  or  encouraging 
reas.      3.  Pat 
Syn  Niiioii.il  Progressive  part] 

'•  referendum, 
and  -  i  ol  I  heodore 

pro-icn-  -i\  .-i.  pro-gxea'slt  >•- 

pro-hit)  it,  1  pro-hib'it;  2  pro-titt/it,  tf.     1.  To  forbid, 


horil)   or  legal  enactment ;  interiliol 

-  i6«o,  hold  I 

.     disallow,  forbid,  hinder,  Inhibit,  Interdlot, 

i  ,,t  persons,  disallow  ol  acts; 

■  •in  anything  when  shut  on  as  bj  some 

mtliorit)  or  in  i'i  prohibited  iioin  an 

set  ii 

the  authority   thai 

he  word      i   poolallj  applied  i"  at  ti  which  are 

thej  arc  pronotmced  upon,  thus,  »  government 

■       '  "i  it    commander  in  the  Held  or  ltd 

■  .1  on  the  high  was      Inhibit  and  InUrtltc!  arc-  ohlefl] 

know  n  lij    iln-lr  eei  Is  betwo 

ormal   and    more   personal,   prohibit 
and  ludlclal,  « Ith  the  Implli  atlon  "f  n 

effect  to  the 

child  to  take  pan  : 

in-  with  certain  companions;  thi 

trade  la  now  leading  nations  of  the  world. 

Mam-  things  arc  prohibited  i>\  law  which  'in  Dot  be  wholly 

tltui  Ion;  on  the  other  hand, 

nted  »  hlch  ai  '  he  ser- 

ol  religion,  the  payment  of  debts.for  military  conquest. 

HINDI  n;   PR1  (TENT,      mi        Ant  .  allot*  . 

autho  '    ■  ' .  empower,  enjoin. 

give  consent,  leave,  or  perml    let   license,  order,  permit, 

put  up  with,  require,  sanction,  Buffer,  tolerate,  warrant. 

an  aol  Is  prohibited  bv  law :  a  person  is  prohibited  by 

"i  doing  a  certain  aol      Prohibit  was  formerlj  oon- 

Md  still  is.  wiiti  the  Infinitive,  bul  the  oonstruo- 

tion  "■  i  the  verbal  noun  has  now  entirely  super- 

:  i  M  older  usage. 

pro-hlb'lt-er,  n.  pro-hlli'l-tnr:.  |iro"lil-l>rtion, 
n  1.  The  acl  of  prohibiting;  an  interdiction.  ''.  [TJ  B.j 
The  forbidding  of  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  alcoholic 
liquors  for  use  as  beverages.    Syn.:  see  barrier;  obdbr 

pro'lil-hl'Moll-Ism,  n.     The  principles  and  policy  of  pro- 

hlbltlonists.     pr<>"lil-l)i'il<»n-ls(,  >i     one  who  believes  In 
in  alp,  |t'  B.],  one  who  favors  the  prohibi- 
tion '  •  manufacture  and  sale  ol  alcoholic  liquors 

ber  of  the  pari  y  thai  demand 

prohibition,     pm-hih'i-th  C-,  rr    l.  Tending  to  prohibit. 

pro-hlb'i-to-ry,  a.    1.  Relating 

ivolvlng  prohibition.    '£■  Loosely,  prohibitive 

pro-Ject'd,  1  pro-jekt';  2  pro-jfiet',  o.    I-  '.    1.  To  shoot 

or  throw  forth;  also,  to  cause  to  extend  forward  or  to  jut 

mil .     "J.  To  sketch  out  in  the  I ni ml;  to  contrive  or  plan. 

:t.  ro  throw  forth  oi  forward,  as  an  image,  shadow,  etc. ; 
in  drawing  ami  mathematics,  to  make 

a  projection  of,  as  a  figure  by  means  of 

lines;    delineate.      4.  Figuratively,    to 

view     as    an    external     reality; 
I     a     mental     iniaKC    into 
5§.  To   portray  or   set 
II.  >'.     1.  To  extend  for- 
ward or  beyond  something  else; 
stand  i.'il  ;  jut   out.       £§.  To  de- 

Bcheme;  plan.  [<  L.OF 
pro,  forth,  \  Jacto,  hurl.)  Syn.: 
see  plan;  send;  throw. 

—  pro-Jec'tll(e».    I.  a.    1.  Pro- 

.    or    impelling    forward,     2. 

Produced  by  projection.  :i.  In- 
tended to  be  projected  or  shot 
forth.    II.  n.    I.  \  body  projected 

b  |   force;    a  BhOl .    as    for   or   from  a 

■;.  pi  Tin-  branch  ol  me- 
chanics that  has  to  do  u  nil  the  laws 
governing  the  motion,  ran 
ol  bodies  driven  through  the  air  i  >  v 
an  impelling  force.  pro-Jec'tlon, 
n.  1.  The  act  of  projecting;  a  Jut- 
ting, throwing,  or  shooting  out  or 
forth,  2.  Thai  which  projects;  a 
promlni  ace  8,  \  icheme;  project. 
t.  i    e  representation  of  something 

on  a  plane,  :h  in  a  map.-  i»ro-J <•<•'- 
lor,  n.  1.  One  who  devises  proj- 
ects. 2.  That  which  projects 
(something),  as  a  mirror,  or  a 
tern  ,,f  lenses  for  1  browing  an  Image 
on  a  screen.  t 

prnj '<•<(,  1  prej'ekt;  2  prSj'Set,  n. 
Something  projected  or  mapped  out  iti  the  mind,  as  a 
of  action;  a  plan. 

Syn..-  contrivance,  design,  device,  invention,  plan,  pur- 
pose, scheme.  A  plan  Is  something  drawn  out  on  a  Mat  sur- 
face, as  the  ground-///'*/!-  of  a  house.  A  project  is  a  thing 
thrown    fortli    or    out,    and    hence    is    something    lini    n. 

crude,  experimental.    A   <-'  thing  only  pictured  in 

uid      airy,  visionary.     COM  Be  finding  how 

to   do   something,  especially   how  to  get   over   or  around  a 
difficulty;  device  has  much  the  same  meaning,  especially  In 


United  States  Army 
Projectile. 

«,  fate;   ',.  Ethell  pari;   e,   j^.w. 

OMiIuuslMr;  -/,  i.uiiete;  e,  «po- 
Itor;  ./,  powder«tul/«. 


1:  a  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    <Hiin;    go;    0  =  aing;    fhin,    this,     profluent 
623     2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.       pronoun 


mechanical  art,  but  in  other  uses  with  more  suggestion  of 
trick  or  subterfuge.  Invention  is  the  coming  to  a  method 
or  process  that  has  been  sought  by  study  and  endeavor,  and 
Is  a  nobler  and  more  complete  word  than  contrivance.  See 
design;  purpose.  —  Ant.:  accomplishment. achievement, act, 
deed,  doing,  execution,  performance,  production,  work. — 
PreD.:  the  project  of  or  a  project  for  a  tlying=machine. 

pro-lapse',  1  pro-laps';  2  pro-laps',  vi.  To  fall  down  or  out. 
[  <  L.  prolapsus,  pp.  of  prolabor,  <  pro,  forward,  +  labor, 
fall.]— pro-lap'sus,  n.  Pathol.  The  falling  down  of  an 
organ  from  its  normal  position.    [L.) 

pro 'late,  1  pro'let;  2  pro'lat,  a.  Extended  lengthwise,  as 
toward  the  poles:  opposed  to  oblate.  [  <  L.  pro,  forward, 
+  latus,  borne.] 

pro'leg",  1  pro'leg";  2  pro'leg",  n.  One  of  the  abdominal  legs 
of  insect»larvae,  as  of  caterpillars.     [  <  pro-  +  leg.) 

pro"le-gom'e-non,  1  pr6"h-gom'i-nen;  2  pro"le-gom'e-non, 
n.  [-na,  pl.\  An  introductory  remark;  especially,  in  the 
plural,  introductory  remarks;  a  preface.  [  <  Gr.  pro,  before, 
+  legomenon,  neut.  ppr.  pass,  of  lego,  say.] — pro"le-gom'- 
e-nous,  a.     pro"le-gom'e-na-ryt. 

pro-lep'sls,  1  pro-lep'sis;  2  pro-lep'sis,  n.  Anticipation,  as  of 
an  opponent's  argument,  or  of  the  date  of  an  event;  intui- 
tion. [L.,  <  Gr.  prolepsis,  <  pro,  before,  +  lambano,  take.] 
— pro-lep'tic,  a.  1.  Anticipative;  previous.  2.  Of  the 
nature  of  an  axiom  or  instinctive  notion.    pro-Iep'tl-calt. 

pro"le-ta'ri-an,  1  prd"h-[or  prel"i-]te'n-8n;  2  pro"le-[or 
prol"e-]ta'ri-an.  I.  a.  1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  lower 
or  lowest  classes  of  society.  2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  prole- 
tarians or  the  proletariat.  II.  n.  1.  A  person  of  the 
lowest  or  poorest  class.  2.  A  member  of  the  proletariat; 
wage=worker.    pro"le-taire't;  pro'le-ta-ryj. 

pro"le-ta'ri-at,  n.  1.  In  earlier  usage,  the  indigent 
classes  collectively  of  a  community:  regarded  in  ancient 
Rome  as  contributing  to  the  state  nothing  but  offspring; 
the  lower  classes;  peasantry;  rabble.  2.  In  modern 
socialistic  use,  wage=workers  collectively,  regarded  as 
the  creators  of  wealth;  workingmen.  [<  F.  proletariat, 
<  L.  proletarius,  <  proles,  offspring.) 

pro'll-cide,  1  pro'Ii-said;  2  pro'li-cid,  n.  The  crime  of  killing 
one's  own  child,  before  or  after  birth;  infanticide.  [<  L. 
proles,  offspring,  +  csedo,  kill.] 

pro-lif'er-ous,  1  pro-lif'ar-us;  2  pro-lif'er-us,  a.  Producing 
offspring;  specif.  (Bol.),  developing  buds,  branches,  and 
flowers  from  unusual  places. 

pro-lif'ic,  1  pro-lif'ik;  2  pro-lif'ie,  a.  1.  Producing  abun- 
dantly, as  offspring  or  fruit;  fertile.  2.  Producing  re- 
sults abundantly.  [  <  L.  proles,  offspring,  +  facio, 
make.]    Syn.:  see  fertile. 

— pro-lif'1-cal-ly,  adv.—  pro-lif'Ic-ncss,  n.    The  qual- 
ity of  being  prolific,    pro-lif 'i-ca-cyj. 

pro'lix,  1  pro'liks;  2  pro'liks,  a.  1.  Wearisomely  long,  as 
an  address.  2.  Indulging  in  long  and  wordy  discourse; 
verbose;  tedious.  [<  L.  prolixus,  stretched  out,  < 
liqueo,  be  clear.]  pro-lix'1-oust.— pro-lix'i-ty,  n.  Syn.: 
see  circumlocution,     pro'lix-nessj. — pro'lix-ly,  adv. 

pro-loc'u-tor,  I  pro-lok'yu-tar  or  -tor;  2  pro-loe'yu-tor, 
n.  1.  One  who  speaks  for  another.  2.  The  presiding 
officer  of  a  convocation;  a  chairman.  [L.,  <  pro,  for,  -f- 
locutus,  pp.  of  loquor,  speak.] 

pro'log,       )  1  pro'log;  2  pro'log,  n.     A  prefatory  state- 
pro 'logue,  J  ment  to  a  poem,  discourse,  or  performance. 
[F.,  <  Gr.  pro,  before,  +  logos,  a  speech.] 

pro-long',  1  pro-loo';  2  pro-long',  vt.  1.  To  extend  in 
time  or  space;  continue;  lengthen.  2t.  To  postpone 
[<  F.  prolonger,  <  L.  pro,  forth,  +  longus,  long]  Syn.:  sec 
increase;  protract.— pro"lon-ga'tion,  n.  1.  The  act  of 
prolonging.     '£.  An  extension.     St.  A  postponement. 

pro-longe',  1  pro-lonj';  2  pro-long',  n.  Mil.  A  rope  nine 
yards  long,  having  a  hook  at  one  end  and  a  toggle  at  the 
other:  used  for  drawing  a  gun»carrlage. 

pro-lu'slon,  1  pro-liu'san;  2  pro-lQ'/.hon,  n.  A  prologue;  pre- 
lude; preliminary  essay  or  attempt.  [<  L.  prolusio(.n-),  < 
pro,  before,  +  liido,  play.] 

prom.,  abbr.    Promontory. 

prom"e-nadc',  1  prem"i-nad';  2  pr6m"e-niid'.  I.  vi. 
[-nad'eb11;  -nad'ing.]  To  take  a  promenade.  II.  " 
1.  A  walk  for  amusement  or  exercise,  or  as  part  of  a  for- 
mal or  social  entertainment;  also,  a  ceremonious  parade 
on  horseback  or  in  a  vehicle,  2.  A  place  for  promenad 
ing.     [F.,  <  prome.ner,  take  out,  for  a  wait  | 

Pro-me'theus,  1  pro-mT'lhlus;  2  pro-me'thiis,  n.     <lr.  Myth. 

The  founder  of  civilization;  he  stole  lire  from  heaven  and  as 
a  punishment  was  chained  to  a  rock,  where  an  eagle  dally 
devoured  his  liver,  which  renewed  II  ell  at  night;  hero  or  a 
tragedy  by  ^schylus.  See  Kimmktiii-.i  ■■.  I'vm.oka.  I'ro- 
me'the-an,  a. 
prom'i-neiit,  1  prom'i-nent;  2  pr8m'i-n8ntl# a.  1.  .lot- 
ting out;  protuberant,     '-'•   Con  picuous   in   i on, 

character,  or  importance;  eminent.  [OF.,  <  L.  pro- 
mineo,  project.)    Syn.:  see  EMINENT;  IMPORTANT. 


— prom'i-nence,  n.     1.  The  state  of  being  prominent. 
2.  That  which  is  prominent;  a  protuberance,     prom'l- 
nen-cyj.— prom'1-nent-ly,  adv. 
pro-mis 'cu-ous,   1  pro-mis'kiu-us;  2  pro-mis'efi-us,   a, 

1.  Composed  of  individuals  or  parts  confusedly  mingled. 

2.  Helping  to  make  up  an  indiscriminate  mass  or  crowd. 

3.  Indiscriminate;  unrestricted.      [<  L.   pro,   forth,  -+- 
misceo,  mix.]     -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. — pro"nils-cu'l-ty,  n. 

prom'ise,  1  prem'is;  2  prom'is.  I.  it.  <k  vi.  [phum'im  i>'; 
prom'is-ing.]  1.  To  engage  or  covenant  to  do  or  not  to 
do;  also,  to  make  a  promise  to  (a  person),  as  thai  one 
will  give  or  yield  something.  2.  To  give  ground  for  hope 
or  expectation.  3.  [Archaic  or  Colloq.]  To  assert  to; 
assure.  II.  n.  1.  An  assurance  given  by  one  person  to 
another  that  the  former  will  or  will  not  do  a  specified 
act.  2.  Reasonable  ground  for  hope  or  expectation, 
especially  of  future  excellence  or  satisfaction.  3.  Some- 
thing promised;  the  fulfilment  or  obtainment  of  that 
which  is  promised.  [<  L.  promissum,  <  pro,  forth,  + 
mitto,  send.)    Syn.:  see  contract. 

— prom"ls-ee',  n.  Law.  One  to  whom  a  promise  is  made. 
—prom'is-ing,  pa.  Giving  promise  of  good  results.  Syn.: 
see  auspicious. — prom'is-ing-ly,  adv.  —  prom'is-or,  n. 
One  who  makes  a  promise,  prom'is-ert;  pro-mis  Sur  ; . — 
prom'is-so"ry,  a.  Containing  or  of  the  nature  of  a  prom- 
ise; expressing  an  engagement  to  pay;  as,  a  promissory  note. 

prom'on-to-ry,  1  prem'an-to-n;  2  prom'on-to-ry,  n. 
[-riesz,  pi.]  1.  A  high  point  of  land  extending  into  the 
sea;  headland.  2.  Anat.  A  rounded  projection.  [  < 
LL.  pro,  forth,  -f-  mons,  mountain.] 

pro-mote',  1  pro-mot';  2  pro-mot',  v.  [pro-mot'ed"1; 
pro-mot'ing]  I.  t.  1.  To  contribute  to  the  develop- 
ment, establishment,  increase,  or  influence  of;  foster; 
encourage;  advance.  2.  To  raise  to  greater  dignity, 
rank,  or  honor.  lit.  i.  To  incite  or  urge  on  a  person, 
especially  to  strife;  also,  to  act  as  an  informer.  [  <  L. 
pro,  forward,  +  moveo,  move.) 

Syn.:  advance,  aid,  assist,  elevate,  encourage,  exalt,  ex- 
cite, foment,  forward,  foster,  further,  help,  prefer,  push, 
push  on,  raise,  urge  forward,  urge  on.  We  promote  a  person 
by  advancing,  elevating,  or  exalting  him  to  a  higher  position 
or  dignity.  A  person  promotes  a  scheme  or  an  enterprise 
which  others  have  projected  or  begun,  and  which  he  <  n- 
courages,  forwards,  furthers,  pushes,  or  urges  on,  especially 
when  he  acts  as  the  agent  of  the  prime  movers  of  the  enter- 
prise. One  who  excites  a  quarrel  originates  it ;  to  protnoU  a 
quarrel  Is  strictly  to  foment  and  large  It  on,  the  one  who  pro- 
motes keeping  himself  In  the  background  See  ahet;  kncoi  h- 
AGE;  QUICKEN;  SERVE.— Ant.:  sec  synonyms  for  abase:  allay. 
— pro-mot'er,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which  promotes. 
2.  One  who  assists  (by  securing  capital,  or  othewlse)  in 
promoting  a  financial  or  commercial  enterprise.  Syn.:  see 
agent;  auxiliary. — pro-mo'tion,  n.  The  act  of  promot- 
ing, or  the  state  of  being  promoted. — pro-mo'tlv(c8,  a. 
Tending  to  promote. 

prompt,  1  prompt;  2  prompt.  Id.  vt.  1.  To  incite  to  ac- 
tion or  exertion;  instigate.  2.  To  make  a  suggestion  to; 
suggest;  inspire.  3.  To  mention  or  suggest  what  is  next  to 
lie  sa  ill,  as  ton  speaker  or  actor.  II.  a.  1.  Acting,  or  ready 
to  act,  at  the  moment ;  punctual.  '!■  Done  or  rendered 
with  readiness  or  alacrity;  taking  place  at  the  appointed 
time.  (F,  <  L.promptus,  pp  of  promo,  bring  to  light, 
<  pro, forth,  +  emo, take, buy.]  Syn.: see ai  rrvi  .  ilebt;nim- 

BLE;  (verb)    sec    Ai-n    vii       i    aottiAiil      INFLUENCE;  STIR. 

— prompt 'er,  n.    One  who  or  that  which  prompts;  in  a 
theater,  one  stationed  to  prompt  the  actors     prompt 'I- 
tude,  n.    The  Quality  of  being  prompt,    prompt  'ness] . 
prompt 'ly,  adv. 
pro-mul'gate,  1  pro-nrol'get;  2  pro-mol'gat,  vt     [-qai 
EDd;  -gat-ing.I    To  announce  officially  ami  formally: 

Sroclaim;  publish,     [<    I.,   promulao,   make   Known] 
yn.:    see     a».mii  \.  i  .     ii  Bl  i    n         i     i   mi       pro"iiuil-g:i'- 

tlon,  n.— pro'mul-ga"tor,  n.    pro-mulg'ert. 

pron.,  uhhr.    Pronoun,  pronunciation, 

prone,  1  pron;  2  pron,  o,  t.  Lj  ing  Bat,  e  pecially  with 
the  face,  front ,  or  palm  downward .  pposed 

to     ipim      '.'.  Leaning  forward  or  downward     8.  Ha^ 
Ing  a  strong  propensltj    used  wlthfo.    1 1 
i        i  no.  i      pronely,  orfi      prone 'ness,  n.    Syn 

APPETITE;   i  N'  it  N  i'i  ii  IN. 

prong,  1  pron;  2  prong,  n.    Ai 
nunt ;  a  tine  of  afork,  fan  iik      i 

w    procio,  poke  I 

prong 'horn",  1   iimn'hnrir  .    '  Qg'born',  n,      \  tuinliiant  ••( 

western  North   Imi  Mountain  antelope. 

pro 'noun,  I  pro'naun ,  2  prO  aoun,  u      \  -.-. 
i  tead  ol   <  noun  for  brevity  or  i"  avoid  the  repetition  "I 
the  noun  ■■'     I  -     '   ' 

rumen,  noun.]    pro-nom'l-nnl,  n     oi    pertali 
like  a  pronoun,   -ly,  arft      (he  perpendioulu  pronoooi 
the  pronoun  of  the  1st  pei     "u'  .  / 


pronounrr 

l> r i > - «■»  ii ( <■ 


pro  nun  i  i-  t-mrii  lo, 

I.         i . 

'.  i 

I  nli  oholio 
'I.  1 

•  iblish- 
il  h  by  other  truths. 

-■. 
:t.    I 

i   proof 
I. 
."i. 

■  condition  ol 
like,  either  with  or 

ii.  |  •  mi!  and  etch- 

•  1  plate, 
i  from  such  :i 

.   s  before  the  title  or 

7.  ;rly  im- 

8.  •    Tin-  tirst   print   from  a 

'.i.  pendent  process  t"  check  a 

.it ;  also,  :i  demons! r:ii ion. 

up  .  :    true;   ezpenenoe,     [<    I.I..'"' 

lonstra- 

t.-stlmony.  trial.   See 

■  - 1  moM      Ant.:  assertion, 
•  illacj .    fancy,    hj ; 

ty,  presumption,  probabll- 

proof  r.-.id".  r.         one  whose  business  It 

proof' 

i>.  (beet,  ol  paper  on  which  :i 

'  aas  been  taken,  and  having  properly  a  wide  margin  for 

marking   ci-  p.  spirit,    n.      An   alcoholic    lic|u  ir 

1.  the  alcohol  has  nit; 
a  specific  its 
prop.  I.     t.     [PROPPED*;  PROP'PINQ.l      1. 

p  from  falling      '.'. 
II.   n.     That    which  sum 

l ttresa,  hold  up.  shore  up. 
;m,kt.  [nbhr.    Proprietor. 

prop..  r,  properly,  proposition. — prop.,  propr., 

I.         i .  rate;  cause  to  multiply, 

ibroad;  ■  1  i  tT  ■ .  - 
;.  tend  in  space;  impel  for- 

II.  :  or  multiplied  by  genera- 

propagate.] 
lender,  generate,  Increase,  multl- 

■  ■ 

extirpate,  ro.,i 

iirop '  i-^a-iii  '-.  a      That  may  be 

pi  ipai  ■■•- :  •  ipal       I  ix-iru-  di-  em  man  1  or  spread  abroad, 

as  theories.  prop"a-gan'da,  n 

i 

a. la.   at 
'..  Hence, any 

prop '.i-ttati  'ilhm.  prop"  t-^au'dM .  prop"a-ga'- 

lloll. 

prop'  ,-_  prop'a-ga"tor,  n 

pro-pel'.    .  PBO-PELLED';   PBO- 

■  ward;  force  onward 

Bel,  air« 
■ 

pro-p.  I  'I i-r.  1. 

r  ipeller.    Bee 

pro-pense'  . 

■  o,  bang  down.] 
pro-p  -Tu-7-, 

il;  ten- 
pro- 
;  pro-pen'slont.     Synj  see  appetite;  dehike; 
■  noN 


I  i  o  ft;  i  .it.  or;   full,  rOl.- :   bOt,  l.flin; 

ii  i  i  0       ii      •■  .   iVOn,    ii'ii 

prop  ■  i .  i.  1 1  i\  Inj 

ippropri- 
I.I 

i.  ol   thing; 

I.  ■  ■  i  ' 

tl    common!}  follow  ing  i  be  noun 

n  indi>  Idual  i"  i  on, 

nouu   oppi 

i.  oneself;  ow  a 

7.    II  I.'    pi      i  nli d  in  the  natural  Oolol       s. 

kilful     ».  |  l'i..\  rved;  fit  ting, 

i  ono'a  own.]    s.\n  :  see  appropriate;  db- 

•   "MIS'.      ' 

proper  fraction,  one  In  which  the  numerator  is  leas 
than  tin-  denominator  prop'er-ly,  adi  I,  In  a  proper 
manner;   suitably;    i  '.'.  [Archaic   or   Colloq.]  Ex- 

tremel) ;  quite     prop'er-ness, 

prop  ,  r-thd.  i  prep'ei  iid.  g  prop'l  i  i i.i   a     Owning  prop- 
'l.  i .  i  ippro 

prop'er-tyt,  1,  To  endow  with  properties  or  qualities. 

prop'er-ty,  L  prop'or-ti;  2  prop'er-ty,  n  [-ties*,  pi.]  1. 
Any  objeel  of  value  that  a  person  mas  lawfully  acquire 
and  hold;  any t hiii'-'  t li.it  may  be  i.wi"  d  'J.  *  lw  net  ship 
"i  dominion;  the  I  on,  use,  en 

joyment,  and  disposal  of  a  thing;  a  valuable  legal  right 
or  interest  in  or  to  particular  things,  including  i  be  i  ighl 
io  exercise  a  particular  trade  or  vocation,  S.  w  hatovci 
belongs  or  pertains  to  any  object,  as  a  distinguishing 
quality  01  oharacl  I.  Any  ]  lortable 

article  used  in  a  play  which  is  not  personally  owned  by 
the  actors.    [  <  I..  proprieta(t-)s,  <  propriua,  one's  own  1 
S\  n  .  chattels,  estate,  goods,  means,  money,  ownership, 
Ions, resources, right, wealth,    SeeATTRiBt  rx;cHAR- 
icn 

proph '»•-<■>,  I  1  prof'i-si;  2  prBf'e-cy,  n.    |-<  n  a,a}  pi  ]     I. 

proi'e-cj •'',    I  V  prediction  made  under  divine  influence 
and  direction;  more  loosely,  any  prediction,     '■!.  Dis- 
course delivered  under  divine  inspiration;  the  ooi 
Biblical  sen         ;i-  Script.  A  book  of  prophecies.    4||. 
Public  interpretation  of  Scripture.    [<LGi 

<    priiplults.   PROPHET.] 

proph'e-sy, )  1  pref'i-eoi; 2  [-sim>;  -sv"im.  1 

prof'i'-sj1'.  i  I.  i.  l.  To  predict  or  foretell,  especially 
under  divine  inspiration,  'i-  I"  speak  or  utter  i'" 
interpret ;  declare.  II.  i.  1.  To  speak  by  divine  influ- 
ence, or  as  a  medium  of  communication  between  God 
and  man.  'i.  To  predict  future  events  by  supernatural 
influence,  real  or  ]  Iso,  to  foretell  the  future 

in  any  way;  utter  predictions  or  interpretations.  3||. 
To  preach;  expound;  exhort;  also,  to  reveal;  declare, 
Syn.:  augur,  divine,  foretell,  predict,  prognosticate, 
.  i/  diifi  is  from  predict  by  assuming  a  claim  to  super- 
natural or  divine  Inspiration.  To  prootwsiteote  Is  to  predict 
from  observi  .  or  conditions.    To  proph- 

i  the  Scriptural  sense  is  to  inter  religious  truth  under 

'■  inspiration,  not  oecessarllj  to  foretell  nature  events, 

but  to  warn,  exhort,  comfort,  etc.,  by  special  Impulse  from 

God.     See  m  ot  u.     Ant.;  chronicle,  recall,  recite,  recollect, 

record,  remember.     Prep.:  prophesy  of  famine;  oftener  ab- 

ophesy  famine,  disaster, etc.     proph 'e-sl"er,  n. 

prupli 'c(,  i  1  prof'it;  2  prof'et,  a.     1.  One  who  delivers 

prof'etp,    (divine  me    agi     oi  interprets  the  divine  will. 

•;.  i  ine  who  foretells  the  future;  especially,  an  inspired 

predictor.    3.  A  religious leadei      1  .  Vn interpreter.    5. 

A  uianlis  or  prayiim-insect.     [<  <ir  <  pro, 

before,  +  phi  proph'et-ess,  n.  fern,     proph '- 

e(-liood,  ;;.  The  Office  or  condition  of  a  prophet,  pro- 
phet 'lc,  o.    I.  of  or  pertaining  to  a  prophet  or  proph 

this  sense  usually  /  '.".  lining  to  or  Involving 

prediction  or  presentiment;  predictive,     pro-plot 'i-cal:. 
pro-phet'l-cal-ly,  ad\      pro-phet'I-cal-ness,  n.    Pro- 

il  character. 

pro"[>hy-l;i<- '(!<•,  1  pr6*fl-[or  prof"i-]lak'tik;  2  pro"fy-[or 

prof"y-]lac'tie,  a.     Operating  to  ward  off  something, 

e;  preventive.    [<  Gr.  pro,  before,    | 

■d  I     pro"phy-lac'tl-calt. 

pro-pine'  ,  1  pro-pain';  2  pro-pin'.    I.  rt.    1.  To  drink,  as  a 

•  .  ro  proffer    II.  «.    An  offering;  pledge. 

ItO,    ■      l>r<>,  he- 
liino.  drink. | 

pro-pin 'i|iii-ly,  1  pro-pin'kwi-ti;  2  pro-pKnTcwi-ty,  ».    1. 

Nearni  is  in  place  or  tune.  'J.  Kinship.    [<  I.'"  propi»i- 

near.]    S.vn.:  see  approximation. 

pro-pi 'ti-alo,  1   pro-pisti'i-fit;  2  pro-pfeh'i-at,  rt    &   vi. 

[-at"!;!*1;  -\i"in';  )    1.  To  appease  and  dispose  to  kind- 

•   who  i-  offended);  conciliate.    -j.  To 

make  offer  propitiation.    [<L. 

pn    of  propitio    render  favorable,  appease.]     pro-pi'tl-a- 

iii  e*i  a.     That  ma)   be  propitiated.     pro-pl'tl-at"lng- 


1: a  =  final;    I  =  habit^    aisle;    au  =  o«t;    eil;     iu  =  feud;    C"hin;    go;    n  =  sing;    thin,   Ihia.    pronounce 
625    2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    bum;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.      prosecute 


ly,  adv. — pro-pi 'ti-a"tor,  ».— pro-pl'ti-a-to"ry.     I.  a. 

Pertaining  to  or  causing  propitiation.  II.  n.  [-riesz,  pi.] 
1.  A  propitiation.  2.  Jewish  Anliq.  The  mercy=seat  re- 
garded as  symbolizing  the  merciful  presence  of  Jehovah. 

pro-pi"ti-a'tion,  1  pro-pisTi"i-e'snan;  2  pro-pish"i-a'- 
shon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  propitiating.  2.  That  which 
propitiates. 

Svn.:  atonement,  expiation,  reconciliation,  satisfaction. 
Atonement  (at=one*ment) ,  originally  denoting  reconciliation, 
or  the  bringing  into  agreement  of  those  who  have  been 
estranged,  is  now  chiefly  used,  as  in  theology,  in  the  sense 
of  some  offering,  sacrifice,  or  suffering  sufficient  to  win  for- 
giveness or  make  up  for  an  offense.  Expiation  is  the  endur- 
ing of  the  full  penalty  of  a  wrong  or  crime.  Propitiation  is 
an  offering,  action,  or  sacrifice  that  makes  the  governing 
power  propitious  toward  the  offender.  Satisfaction  denotes 
the  rendering  a  full  legal  equivalent  for  the  wrong  done. 
Propitiation  appeases  the  lawgiver;  satisfaction  meets  the 
requirements  of  the  law. — Ant.:  alienation,  condemnation, 
estrangement,  offense,  penalty,  punishment,  reprobation. 

pro-pi'tious,  1  pro-pisVus;  2  pro-pish'us,  a.  1.  Kindly 
disposed;  gracious.  2.  Attended  by  favorable  circum- 
stances; auspicious.  [<  L.  propilius,  favorable.]  -ly, 
adv.    -ness,  n. 

Syn.:  auspicious,  benign,  benignant,  clement,  favorable, 
friendly,  gracious,  kind,  kindly,  merciful.  That  which  is 
auspicious  is  of  favorable  omen;  that  which  is  propitious  is  of 
favoring  influence  or  tendency;  as.  an  auspicious  morning;  a 
propitious  breeze.  Propitious  applies  to  persons,  implying 
kind  disposition  and  favorable  inclinations,  especially  toward 
the  suppliant;  auspicious  is  not  used  of  persons.  See  aus- 
picious.— Ant.:  adverse,  antagonistic,  forbidding,  harsh, 
hostile,  ilUdisposed,  inauspicious,  repellent,  unfavorable, 
unfriendly,  unpropitious. 

prop'o-lis,  1  prep'o-lis;2  pr6p'o-Iis,  n.  Bee=glue.  [L.,  <  Gr. 
propolis,  <  pro,  before,  +  polis,  city.] 

pro-pone',  1  pro-pon';  2  pro-pon',  vt.  [pro-poned';  pro- 
pon'ing.]  To  propose  or  propound;  set  forth.  [<  L.  pro- 
pono,  <  pro,  before,  +  pono,  place.] 

pro-por'tion,  1  pro-per's"han;  2  pro-por'shon.  I.  vt.  1. 
To  put  or  cause  to  be  in  due  proportion;  form  with  a 
harmonious  relation  of  parts.  2.  To  separate  into  por- 
tions; apportion;  allot.  3.  To  make  comparison  of;  con- 
sider as  in  proportion.  II.  n.  1.  Relative  magnitude, 
number,  or  degree,  as  existing  between  parts,  a  part  and 
a  whole,  or  different  things.  2.  Fitness  and  harmony; 
symmetry.  3.  A  proportionate  or  proper  share;  any 
share  or  part.  4.  Math.  An  equality  or  identity  be- 
tween ratios.  [F.,  <  L.  pro,  for,  +  portio,  portion.] 
Syn.:  see  analogy;  portion;  symmetry;  (verb)  see  adapt. 
— pro-por'tion-a-bl(ep,  a.  Such  as  may  be  proportioned.— 
pro-por'tion-a-bly,  adv.— pro-por'tion-al.  I.  a.  1.  Of, 
pertaining  to,  or  being  in  proportion.  2.  Constituting  the 
terms  of  a  proportion.  3.  Varying  so  that  corresponding 
values  form  a  proportion.  II.  n.  Any  quantity  or  number 
in  proportion  to  another  or  others. — pro-por'tlon-al-ly, 
adv. — pro-por"tlon-al'I-ty,  n.  The  state  of  being  in  pro- 
portion.— pro-por'tlon-ate.  I.  vt.  [-at"ed;  -at*ing.]  To 
make  proportional.  II.  a.  Being  in  due  proportion,  -ly, 
adv.    -ness,  n. 

pro-po'sal,  1  pro-po'zal;  2  pro-po'sal,  n.  An  offer  pro- 
posing something  to  be  accepted  or  adopted,  especially 
one  made  in  words;  specif.,  an  offer  of  marriage;  also, 
that  which  is  proposed. 

Syn.:  bid,  offer,  overture,  proposition.  An  offer  or 
proposal  puts  something  before  one  for  acceptance  or 
rejection,  proposal  being  the  more  formal  word;  a  propo- 
sition sets  forth  truth  (or  what  Is  claimed  to  be  truth)  in 
formal  statement.  The  proposition  is  for  consideration, 
the  proposal  for  action;  as,  a  proposition  In  geometry,  a 
proposal  of  marriage;  but  proposition  Is  often  used  nearly  in 
the  sense  of  proposal  when  It  Is  a  matter  fur  deliberation; 
as,  a  proposition  for  the  surrender  of  a  fort.  A  bid  Is  com- 
mercial and  often  verbal;  as,  a  bid  at  an  auction.  An  over- 
ture opens  negotiation  or  conference,  and  the  word  Is  espe- 
cially used  of  some  movement  toward  reconciliation;  as, 
overtures  of  peace.  Syn.:  see  DESIGN.  Ant.:  acceptance, 
decision,  denial,  refusal,  rejection,  repulse. 

pro-pose',  1  pro-pdz';  2  pro-pos',  v.  [-posed';  -pob'inq.] 
I.  t.  1.  To  offer  for  acceptance  or  consideration,  as  a 
plan  or  scheme;  present,  as  a  candidate;  pu1  forward,  as 
a  topic  for  discussion.  2.  To  have  in  iriiml  as  a  design  or 
determination;  purpose;  intend.  II.  i.  1.  To  plan; 
make  or  announce  a  design.  'J.  To  make  an  offer,  as  of 
marriage.  [  <  F.  proposer,  <  pro-,  forth,  I  poser,  put  \ 
Syn.:  purpose,  in  lis  must  frequent  use.  propose  differs 
from  purpose  in  that  whal  we  purpose  lies  In  our  own  mind 

as  a  decisive  net  of  will,  a  del  ermlna  I  ion:  (Thai  W6  r'"i"'  I  Ifl 
offered  or  stated  to  others.  In  this  use  of  the  word,  what  W6 
propose  Is  open  to  deliberation,  ag  what  we  purpose  Is  not. 

in  another  use  of  the  word  one  propo  tes  something  to  or  by 
himself  which  may  or  may  not  be  stated  to  others,    i"  this 


latter  sense  propose  is  nearly  identical  with  purpose,  and  the 
two  words  have  often  been  used  interchangeably.  But  in 
the  majority  of  cases  what  we  pur  pus,  is  more  general,  What 
we  propose  more  formal  and  definite;  I  pur  pas,  to  do  right ; 
•I  propose  to  do  this  specific  thing  because  it  is  right,  in  the 
historic  sentence  "I  propose  to  move  immediately  on  your 
works,"  purpose  would  not  have  the  same  sharp  directness. 
See  plan;  purpose. — pro-pos'er,  n.  One  who  proposes; 
formerly,  an  orator;  speaker. — prop"o-si'tion,  ».  1  Some- 
thing proposed  for  acceptance  or  consideration;  also,  the  act 
of  proposing.  2.  Gram.  The  statement  of  a  judgment  in 
words,  including  a  subject  and  a  predicate.  3.  Math.  A 
statement  of  a  truth  to  be  demonstrated  (a  theorem)  or  of  an 
operation  to  be  performed  (a  problem);  loosely,  the  state- 
ment together  with  its  demonstration.  4||.  An  article  of  a 
creed.    Syn.:  see  proposal;  topic. 

pro-pound  '•>,  1  pro-paund';  2  pro-pound',  vt.  1.  To  state 
formally  for  consideration  or  solution.  2.  Coiia.Ch.  To 
propose  as  a  candidate  for  church-membership.  [  <  L. 
pro,  before,  +  pono,  place.l  Syn.:  see  affirm;  announce. — 
pro-pound 'er,  n. 

pro-pre'tor,  1  pro-pri'tar  or  -ter;  2  pro-pre'tor,  n.  Rom. 
Anliq.  An  officer,  especially  a  governor  of  a  province,  hav- 
ing the  authority  of  a  pretor  without  pretorlan  rank.  [< 
L.  proprxtor,   <  pro,  for;  and  see  pretor.] 

pro-pri'e-tor,  1  pro-prui'i-tar  or  -tor;  2  pro-pri'e-tor,  n. 
A  person  having  the  exclusive  title  to  anything.  [  < 
L.of+ll  proprietas,  property.)  Syn.:  see  master.  —  pro-prl'- 
e-ta-ry.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  a  proprietor;  .subject  to  ex- 
clusive ownership.  II.  n.  [-rif.sz,  pi.]  1.  A  proprietor  or 
proprietors  collectively.  2.  Proprietorship.  —  pro-prl'c- 
tor-ship,  n. — pro-pri'e-tress,  n.  fern,     pro-prl'c-trlit. 

pro-pri'e-ty,  1  pro-prai'i-ti; 2  pro-prf'e-ty,  n.    [-ties",  ;>/.] 

1.  The  character  or  quality  of  being  proper;  becoming- 
ness;  fitness;  correctness.  2[].  An  exclusive  right  of  pos- 
session; also,  a  possession  or  property  owned.  3f.  A 
distinguishing  quality;  peculiarity.  4t-  An  estate; 
holding.     [<  L.or  proprieta(t-)s,  property.] 

pro-pul'sion,  1  pro-pul'shan;  2  pro-pul'shon,  n.  The 
act  or  operation  of  propelling;  an  impulse  given  or  re- 
ceived. [F.,  <  L.  pro,  forward,  +  pello,  drive  ] — pro- 
pul'siv(es,  a.    Having  a  tendency  to  propel;  driving. 

pro  ra'ta,  1  pro  re'ta;  2  pro  ra'ta.  In  proportion;  as,  the 
loss  was  shared  pro  rata.     [L.] 

pro-rate',  1  pro-ret';  2  pro-rat',  v.  [pro-rat'ei)*;  pro-rat' - 
ing.]  I.  t.  To  divide  proportionately.  II.  t.  To  make  an 
arrangement  on  the  basis  of  a  given  rate,  proportionately, . 
[<  L.  pro,  for,  +  rata,  rate.] — pro-ra'tion,  n.  The  act 
of  prorating.    See  prorate. 

prore,  1  pror;  2  pror,  n.  [Poet.  &  Rare.]    A  prow. 

pro-rogue',  1  pro-rog';  2  pro-rog',  vt.  [pro-BOGUXD'; 
pro-rogu'ing.]  1.  To  put  an  end  to  a  session  of;  termi- 
nate by  royal  command  (a  session  of  the  British  Parlia- 
ment). 2.  To  put  off  or  delay.  S||.  To  protract  or  pro- 
long. [<  L.  proroao,  extend,  defer.] — pro"ro-ga'(ion, 
n.  1.  The  act  of  proroguing,  as  a  session  of  the  British  Par- 
liament. 2.  The  act  of  prolonging  or  extending  In  time; 
also,  continuance;  prolongation.  [prn,  forth  I 

pros-,  prefix.     To;  before.     [<   Or.  pros,  toward,  before,    - 

pros.,  abbr.    Prosody. 

pro-sa'ic,  1  pro-ze'ik;  2  pro-sa'ic,  a.  1.  Lacking  in  those 
qualities  that  impart  animation  or  interest  ;  union 
tive;  commonplace.  2.  Pertaining  to  or  having  (In- 
form of  prose.  [<  LL,  prosaicus,  <  L.  prosa, 
prose,  n.]  pro-sa'l-calf.-  pro-ss'l-cal-ly,  adv.  pro- 
sa 'i-cal-ness,  n.  pro-sa'lc-iiess:.  pro-sa'l-elMii,  n. 
Prosaic  character. 

prO-SCe 'ill-lim,  1  pro-sl'm-um;  2  pro-se'nl-um.  n  [  MI-A,  pi  1 
In  a  theater  or  similar  building,  that   part   Oi  the     I 

tween  the  curtain  or  drop-scene  and  the  orchestra 
times  Including  the  curtain  and  Its  arch,    [L„       Or.  pro- 
ski  nion,  ■    pro,  before,   i   skint,  tent.] 

pro-scribe',  1  pro-skroib';2  pro  scrtb',  vt.  [pbo  bi  a •'; 

pro-scrib'inq.I     I.  To  out l'iw  in  a 

eize.    2.  To  reject  with  condemnation,  as  a  docti 

practise;    prohibit;    interdict        [<     I.      pro,    befoi 

scribo,  write.]     pro-scrlb'er,  n.     pro-scrip 'tlon, 

act  of  proscribing,  or  Btate  ol  I pro  crlbed;  Interdli  lion; 

ostracism;  outlawry,     pro-scrlp'th  e  . 

or  bavins  the  charactei  ol  pro  oi  Iption    -b  ■  i         -ness,  i 
prose,  lprSz;  2  pros,    l.vt.&m     [prosed;  pros  ino.]    I. 

To  write  or  say  in  b  dull  or  commonplace  mannoi 

To  compose  or  write  in  prose;  ipoak  oi 

II.  ,,      Pertaining  to  pro  i  .  not  poetic;  hi 

prosy     III.  n.     I.  Speeoh  oi  writing  without  metrical 
ii  in  i  mi i:  op] I  to  vi 

commonplace  or  tediou  '  ' 

prose  I    pros'er.  n      \  dull  ortt 
pros'e-cute,   l   pre  'l-kifl  Qt,  i      |-cdt*i  d«; 

,  ,  ,"1N,;  |    i.  (,    |.  To  ,,iii  ,,■  oi  follow  up;  oarrj  on 

2.  To  carrj  on  i  iudicial  pn ling  igaii 


pn>-rh  l  r 
pr< ■  \  Moll 


I  i         ■•  0     not.ftr;   full.  rOle;   but.  bOrn; 

.  what,  g  J,  |  iii  i  ii.  mAi.ih,  won,      fl'i6 


1 1 


I. 
pro*   .  - 1  >  - 1 1  / .         -tlM     .      II. 

proa  .  -I> - 1 1 ~ mi . 

Ol   In-Ill* 
pi   .-    .  -l)-tl 

I'r r  pl-nat. 

pros  l-l>  .  pros   I-  ii  i-  > 
pf  «!■   «  rr->  . 

.if  noninterference 

pr -.1  >  .    . 

unity  and  accent  of  sj  ll.-i- 
tnd  mi'trical  ci  imposition 

pro i  ir.       i  Conforming 

pro-so'dl-ar:;   pro-so'dl-al  : 
,i        pros  o-dlal .  ■  .1  in  prosody 

rto-pt'ya;  2  pn 
pro-~  I.    \  figure  of  Hit-  third  i 

•.'.  Person location, 
akc  I 
pros  |>,i  t.  .  I  .        a  I.  To 

'.'  .  I         '■  ■  .  ■  i .  \  i.w  ;  survey. 
II. 
i  1  on  present  indications. 

■  before  tin-  vision;  an  extended 
.  in  which  anything  faces;  an  ex- 
1   .    •.    I     pro,  Forward,    -; 
Syn_-  sec  -  pro-8pec'tlTe    .         1.  Being 

stUl  In  the  future  :.  g  to  the  future. 

-I).  at  a*  pir-tiir.  proe'peet-er,        pro-spec'tus, 

I.  A  paper  containing  Information  of  a  proposed  under- 
taking      2.  A   summary .  outline 
pro-  p«  r.  1.  To  render 

I  hrive.     [  <  L.  pro, 
□ 
pros-pi  r  i-t) .    ■.       !■    state  of   being   prospi 
atiB-.:  aterlal  weU«l  i 

pn.-  pir-injs.         i .  -  .         mi;  flourishing.    ■.».  favoring 
.ding  to  success:  auspicious.     8  .  icuous; 

FOB7  pros  p.r-uiis-l> . 

Froa'per-o,  1  pr»g'pdr-6:  2  pros'per-o,  n.     In  Shakespeare's 

I  Han.  an  enchanter. 
pm  u-tiite.  1  pree'ta-tiut;  2  prdVti-tut.    I.  r(.    [-ti:t"- 
i  .   .     apply  to  base  or  vile  p  u 
wd  purposes,  as  a  woman.     II.  a.     1. 
as  ;i  woman,    2.  Surren- 
u  poses.    II.  n.    1.  A  woman  who  prac- 
.•••  lewdness  for  hire;  a  harlot;  bawd 
reling;  harlot.     [<   L.  pro,  before,   + 
ttatuo,  place.)    Sjtij  see  aih-k 

put*U  la'tton,  n     The  act  or  business  of  prostitut- 
ing. In  any  sense— pros'tl-tu"tor,  n. 
pros  tr.ii  •  .  2  proVtrat.     I.  r( .     [-phob'tbat- 

:.  IT-tUG  ]      1.  To  lay  or  cause  to  fall  flat ;  re- 

flexively,  to  bow  (oneself)  low,  as  in  supplicatii         '.'. 
:.  to  extreme  weakness.    II. 

.ying  with  the  bead  to  the  ground,  as  in  humility  or 
adoration;  wholly  Z.    B  ol.   Pro- 

cumbent.    [<  L.  pro,  before,  +  tterno,  strew.]    pros- 

tra'tlon.  ■      pro— ir.i  'tor, 
pro-'),    1    proz'i;  2   prV.v,   O.      [pRos'i-i.it,    pbos'z-xsi  ] 
lie;  dull;  tedious;  commonplace. 
pro-'l-l>.  -       pros'l-iiess,  n. 

Prut.. 

pro-tag 'i»-ril-t.  fo-nist,  n.     The 

ireek  drama;  hence,  a 
lead'-  ■ -t;  advocate.    |<  Or.  prOla- 

•ant.) 

-  -  -  181-411 

■  ' 

-  >-■  I .   Oram.   (Ij   In  a 
cor..: 

.    ■ 
ditional.    2.  In 
the  ancient  drama  ■  —.  of  a  play.    [L.,  < 

•  1.   +■  Hind,  stretch.) 
Pro 'i ■  -  ii  . 

pro-i''  f  .  ';  2  pi  1.  To  keep,  as 

I,  by  interpi  rve  in  safety; 

rpport,  as  domestic  indus- 

ign  i  ompt  tition,  I  □  of  du- 


I  n  as  Protector     I  •    I     pro,  before,    • 

Sill     .III  iiism.   Ktir.   Ii, i     KIIVI       -in  i  l  l  ll 

pro-ii,   ii, ..I.        i.  r he  act  of  protecting:  a  protected 
Hon;  thai  which  pro  .  aiming 

lo  protect  the  Industries  ol  s  oountr)   bj  govcrnmi  ■ 
lion,  as  ii>  Imposing  duties  on  foreign  Import 

pro-i,  i  'lion-Ism  :.     :t.    \    .,:,,,,,,, |U.  • 

ill  1  1 1  ii       pro- Ire  '- 

ii..n-isi.  •.     \  person  who  favors  the  doctrlno  of  protection. 

pro-i.,   iii  .        i.  ,i      affording  or  suitable  for  i 
nun.  sheltering    II.  n    Something  ihat 

Cling    for  a  wound       -l>.  -iiis^.  ■.       pro- 

i r.        I.  One  who  protects:  a  defender    '!.  [P-|  bhq. 

iiisi  i  ins  appointed  as  s  regent  of  the  kingdom  during  the 
minority  or  the  Inoapaclt)  of  the  sovereign;  a! 
title  of  the  i  hiif  ruler  during  the  Commonwealth  pro- 
tect 'art.  pro- tec 'tor-ate,  n  I.  A  relation  ol  protection 
and  partial  control  bj  a  strong  over  a  weaker  nation  I. 
i  in  office,  or  period  of  office,  of  a  protector  ol  s  kingdom, 
■  ..(  Cromwell  as  lord  Protector  In  I  tv 

gland      1653     58         pro-trr'lor-slilp:.      pro-tee 'tress,    n. 

\  female  proti 

pro'lc'gc',   1 


'.  n. 

uiil  for  by  another  older  or  more   powerful 


■•■  cially 
,   iwerful.     Il'.l 
pro'ii  'me',       fern. 
pro'te-ld,   1   prfi'ti-id;  2  pro'te-Id,  »    Chem.  <  m.    ol  a 
of  important  oompounds,  Found  in  nearly  all  ani- 
mal and  vegetable  organisms,  and  containing  carbon, 
hydrogen,  oxygen,  nitrogen,  and  sulfur.-  pro'te-ln,  n. 
i.   \  1 1  albuminous  compound  derived  from  a  proteld.    2. 

Same  BS  PB(  I 
pro  tem..  ,;,'^ir.     |I..|     I'n,  ItmpOTl    'for  the  nine  bell 

pro"te-oi'>-sis,   i    prO'ti-el'i-els;  2  prfl  r».     The 

change  or  spUttlng  up  of  protelds  Into  simpler  products  dur- 
ing digestion,    i-    peotxid    j   Or.  lytia,  loosening,  <  lf)o, 

1  pro"te-o-lj  t  'lc,   '/ 

l'rot"er-o-/o'ie,  i  prefer-o-sO'ix; 2 prflfer-o-aO'le, n.    Oeai. 

The  era  following  the  Aroheosolc  and  succeeded  by  the 

Paleosolc     Prot*er-o-so1e, 
pro-test '!,  1  pro-1  st',  v.    I.  (.    I.  To 

earnestly,  especially  in  the  lace  of  opposition;  declare 
solemnly;  asseverate.  2.  To  declare  formally  that  pay- 
ment   (of  a  promissory  note  or  the  like)   I, as  lieen  duly 

demanded  and  refused.  3t-  To  publish  formally.  II.  i. 
1.  To  make  a  protest;  enter  a  formal  dissent:  generally 
with  ,i ,  ,  /  'i.  To  make  a  solemn  assever.it ion.  espe- 
cially m  the  face  of  doubt  or  question.  (  <  L.  i>rn,  lie- 
fore.    -  t&trfs,  wttneas.]    Syn.:  see  afkih.m;  assert;  ivow. 

I'rot  'es-tanl.  I.  n  I.  Pertalnliig  to  rroteslunts  or  to 
Protestantism.  '!.  [p-1  Making  a  protest.  II.  n.  A  member 
of  one  of  those  bodies  of  Christians  that  adhere  to  Protes- 
tantism, as  opposed  to  Roman  i  !atholiolsm.  —  Prot'es-t  ant- 
Ism,  n.  The  prim  onunoo  system  of  doctrines 
taught  by  Luther  and  tin- other  Reformers  ol  the  16th  cen- 
tury, and  by  the  evangelical  churches  since,  based  exclu- 
sively upon  the  Scriptures  Without  reliance  upon  tradition. — 
profes-ta'tlon,  n.  The  act  of  protesting,  or  that  which  is 
protested.  — pro-test 'er,  n.  Iformal  objection. 

pro'tt'st,  l  pre/test ;  2  prC'teet,  n.    The  act  of  protesting; 

Pro 'tens,  l  prO'tlfls;  2  prCtus,  r».  Clasi  Myth,  a  marine 
deity  and  prophet,  who  had  the  power  of  assuming  any  shape 
he  chose.  — Pro'te-an,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  characteristic 
of  Proteus;  changeable;  variable. 

pro-thon'o-ta-ry,  1  pro-thun'o-le-n;  2  pro-th6n'o-tfi-rv.  n. 
[-bibs*,  pi-\     a  principal  clerk  or  notary;  specif.  [R.  C.  Ch.), 
one  of  the  twelve  ecclesiastics  at  Rome  who  keep  the  rei  I 
try  of  important  pontifical  proceedings,  or  one  having  the 

title  and  some  of  the  associated  privileges.     [<   OS".  prothO- 

notatre,  <  <;.'•'-  protos,  first,  +  L.  noiarius,  see  notary.) 
pro-ton  'o-ta-ryj. 

pro-tho'rax,  1  pro-flio'raks;  2  pro-tho'raka,  n.    The  an- 
terior segment  of  the  thorax  of  an  insect. 
— pro"tho-rac'lc,  a. 

pro 'to-,  l  pro'to-;  2  pro'to-.  prefix  i  irst :  used  specifically  lu 
chemistry  (1)  to  denote  the  first  or  lowest  member  of  a 
or  the  one  In  which  the  element  specified  has  Its 
smallest  valence,  as  opposed  to  /;,  r-\  as.  /jro/ochlorld;  (2)  as 
the  equivalent  of  mono-.  I  <  <;r  prOlos,  first,  <  pro.  before.] 
—  pro'to-col,  n.  1.  The  preliminary  sketch  or  draft  Ol  an 
official  document,. as  a  treaty.  2.  A  record  or  registry. 
:t-».  The  original  copy  of  any  writing.  1  <  Or.  botta,  glue.) — 
pro"to-mar'tj  r,  n.  The  first  man  ..  r  or  victim  In  any  cause 

pro'lo-plasm,  1  pr5'to-plazm;  2  prt'to-plAgm,  n      The 
;.    emiliquid,  somen  hat  ubsta  nee  I  hat 

forms  the  principal  portion  of  an  animal  or  vegetable 
I*'  'Jr.  pr6tos,  first,  +  pUuma,  molded  form.] — 
pro"to-plas'mlc,  a.  pro"to-plas'niaU;  pro"to-plas- 
mat'lc:.  — pro'to-plast,  n.  Thai  which  Is  first  formed;  the 
original;  the  nrst»formed  Individual,  or  one  of  the  pair  of 
Ilrst-formi-d  individuals,  of  a  species. 

pro 'to-type,  1  pro'to-toip;  2  pro'to-typ,  n.  1.  A  primi- 
tive form;  original.     2.  Metrol.  An  accepted  standard 


l:d=  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    iu  =  fewd;    dhin;    go;    t}  =  s\no;   Chin,   this,     proselvte 
627      2:  wolf,  dft;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    bum;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,     provision 


to  which  all  others  must  conform,  f  <  Gr.  protos,  first, 
-f  typos,  type.]  Syn.:  see  example:  ideal;  model. — pro'- 
to-ty"pal,  a.     pro"to-typ'ict;  pro"to-typ'i-eai:. 

pro-tox'id,  1  pro-teks'id;  2  pro-toks'id,  n.  Chem.  An  oxid 
containing  only  one  atom  of  oxygen.    [<  proto-  +  oxiD.j 

Pro''to-ZO'a,  1  pro"to-z5'a;  2  pro"to-zo'a,  n.  pi.  Zool.  A 
primary  division  of  the  animal  kingdom,  variously 
ranked  and  limited,  embracing  organisms  consisting  of  a 
single  cell  or  group  of  cells  not  separable  into  different 
tissues.  [<  Gr.  protozoon,  <  proto — (-  zoon,  animal.]  — 
pro"to-zo'an.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  Protozoa,  pro"- 
to-zo'alt.     II.  n.     One  of  the  Protozoa      pro"to-zo'ont. 

prq-tract'd,  1  pro-trakt';  2  pro-tract',  vt.  1.  To  extend  in 
time;  prolong;  cause  to  occupy  a  iongcr  time  than  is 
usual  or  expected.  2.  In  surveying,  to  map  by  means  of 
a  scale  and  protractor;  represent  the  lines  and  angles  of 
on  paper;  plot.  3.  Anat.  To  draw  forward;  protrude; 
extend:  opposed  to  retract.  4§.  To  extend  or  lengthen 
in  space.  5||.  To  put  off  till  the  future;  defer.  [<  L. 
pro,  forward.  +  traho,  draw.] 

Syn.:  continue,  delay,  draw  out.  elongate,  extend,  length- 
en, prolong.  To  protract  is  to  cause  to  occupy  a  longer  time 
than  is  usual,  expected,  or  desirable.  We  protract  a  negotia- 
tion which  we  are  slow  to  conclude;  delay  may  be  used  either 
of  the  beginning  or  of  any  stage  in  the  proceedings;  we  may 
delay  a  person  as  well  as  an  action,  but  protract  is  not  used 
of  persons.  Elongate  is  not  used  of  actions  or  abstractions, 
but  only  of  material  objects  or  extension  in  space;  protract 
Is  rarely,  except  in  mathematics,  used  of  concrete  objects  or 
extension  in  space;  we  elongate  a  line,  protract  a  discussion. 
Protract  has  usually  an  unfavorable  sense,  implying  thai  the 
matter  referred  to  is  already  unduly  long,  or  would  be  so  if 
longer  continued;  continue  is  neutral,  applying  equally  to  the 
desirable  or  the  undesirable.  Compare  hinder. — Ant.: 
abbreviate,  abridge,  conclude,  contract,  curtail,  hasten, 
hurry,  limit,  reduce,  shorten. 

— pro-traet'ed,  pa.  Unduly  or  unusually  extended  or 
prolonged.— protracted  meeting  [U.  S.),  a  series  of  relig- 
ious or  revival  meetings. — pro-tract'er,  n.  1.  One  who  or 
that  which  protracts.  2.  A  protractor. — pro-trae'tion,  n. 
— pro-trac'tlv(ea,  a.— pro-trac'tor,  n.  1.  An  instrument 
/or  measuring  and  laying  off  angles;  also,  a  tailors' adjustable 
pattern.  2.  Anat.  A  muscle  that  extends  a  limb  or  moves 
It  forward.  3.  Surg.  Formerly,  an  instrument  for  extract- 
ing foreign  bodies  from  a  wound.    4.  Same  as  pbotracter,  1 . 

pro-trude',  1  pro-trud';  2  pro-trud',  vt.  &  vi.  [pro-trud'- 
EDd;  pro-trud'ing.]  1.  To  push  or  thrust  out;  projeet 
outward.  2.  To  urge  or  force  forward  or  onward.  [  <  L. 
pro,  forward,  +  trudo,  thrust.] — pro-tru'sil(e8,  a.  Adapted 
to  being  thrust  out,  often  rapidly,  as  the  tongue  of  an  ants 
eater.  pro-tru'sI-bl(epj.  —  pro-tru'sion,  n.  1.  The  act  of 
protruding,  or  the  state  of  being  protruded.  2.  The  part  or 
object  protruded. — pro-tru'slv(e8,  a.  Tending  to  protrude; 
protruding,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

pro-tu'ber-ant,  1  pro-tiu'bfir-ent;  2  pro-tu'ber-ant,  a. 
Swelling  out  beyond  the  surrounding  surface;  bulging. 
[<  L.LL  pro,  forth,  +  tuber,  swelling.]  —  pro-tu'ber- 
ance,  n.    1.  Something  that  protrudes;  a  knob;  prominence. 

2.  The  state  of  being  protuberant.  pro-tu"l)er-a'tionJ. — 
pro-tu'ber-ate,  vi.  [-at"ed<1;  -at"ing.]  To  be  protuberant. 

proud,  1  proud;  2  proud,  a.  1.  Actuated  by,  possi  ing, 
or  manifesting  pride;  arrogant;  haughty;  also,  self»re- 
specting.  2.  Sensible  of  honor  and  personal  elation: 
generally  followed  by  of  or  by  a  verb  in  the  infinitive. 

3.  Highemettled,  as  a  horse;  bold  am!  fearless  in  action. 

4.  Proceeding  from  or  inspired  by  pride.  5.  Being  a 
cause  of  honorable  pride,  as  a  distinction  or  achieve- 
ment.    [<    AS.  prut,   proud. I     Syn.:  see  HAUGHTY!  HIGH. 

-proud  Hesh,  a  granulated  growth  resembling  flesh  in  a 
wound  or  sore  in  process  of  healing,  proud 'ling,  n.  A 
proud  person. — proud 'ly,  ad\ 

Prou"dlion',  1  pnVdon';  2  pru'don',  Pierre  Joseph  (ISO!) 
isc,.",).    a  French  socialistic  philosopher  and  economist. 

Prov.,  nhbr.  Provencal,  Provence,  Proverbs,  province,  pro- 
vincial, provost.— prov.,  ahhr.    Proverbially,  provincial. 

prove,  1  pruv;  2  prov,  v.  [proveu;  PBOv'lng.]  I.  (.  I. 
To  establish  by  evidence;  show  to  be  t  tie     iknn.ii  i  t.-cte 

2.  To  put  to  a  test;  determine  t  he  capacity  or  power  of. 

3.  To  learn  by  personal  experience.  4.  To  caul  e  to  be 
probated,  as  a  will.  5.  To  ascertain  or  show  the  accu- 
racy of  (a  calculation  or  demonstration)  by  an  ind<  pen 
dent  process.  0.  Print.  To  take  a  proof  of  or  from. 
II.  i.     1.  To  turn  out,  upon  trial,  to  be  something 

ipecified.    2'|.  To  engagi   in;  attempl     :t  .  To  become; 
be.    [<  L.oir  probo.  <  pr'obus,  good. I    Syn.:  sec  confirm 
prov'a-bKc,  a.  -prov'enll,  pp     Proved     pror'er,  n, 

pro-veil 'i-tort,  n.  1.  A  purveyor  Z.  A  governor.  [< 
it.  pnivcditore,  <  L.  provideo,  provide.] 

Pro"venee',  1  pro'vufis';  2  pro"viihc'.  n  A  former  province 
of  S.  Iv  Krance,  now  divided  into  four  departments.  Pro"- 
ven"cal\  n.    1.  A  native  of  Provence.    2.  The  language  of 


Provence;  used  by  the  troubadours  and  spoken  through  a 
large  part  of  France  In  the  12th  and  13th  centuries  —  Pro"- 
ven"?al',  a. 
prov'en-der,  1  prev'en-dar;  2  prov'en-der,  n.  Food  for 
cattle;  especially,  dry  food,  as  bay;  rarely,  provisions 
generally.  [<  OF.  provendre.)  prov 'and:.  Syu:  -  . 
prov'erb,  1  prov'srb;  2  proVerb,  n.  1.  A  brief,  pithy 
saying.  2.  An  enigmatical  saying.  Num.  xxi.  27.  3. 
Something  proverbial;  a  typical  example;  byword.  [< 
L.  pro,  forth,  +  rerbum,  word] 

Syn.:  adage,  aphorism,  apothegm,  axiom,  bvword,  dictum, 
maxim,  motto,  precept,  saw,  saying,  truism.  The  proverb  or 
adage  gives  homely  truth  in  condensed,  practical  form,  the 
adage  often  pictorial.  "Hope  deferred  maketh  the  heart 
sick"  is  a  proverb;  "The  cat  loves  tlsh,  but  dares  not  w  el  her 
feet,"  is  an  adage.  Both  the  proverb  and  the  adagt .  hut  espe- 
cially the  latter,  are  thought  of  as  ancient  and  wideh  know  n. 
An  aphorism  partakes  of  the  character  of  a  definition;  it  is  a 
summary  statement  of  what  the  author  sees  and  believes  to 
be  true.  An  apothegm  is  a  terse  statement  of  what  l£  plain  or 
easily  proved.  The  aphorism  is  philosophical,  the  a: 
practical.  A  dictum  is  a  statement  of  some  person  or 
on  whom  it  depends  for  authority;  as.  a  dictum  of  Aristotle. 
A  saying  is  impersonal,  current  among  the  common  people, 
deriving  its  authority  from  its  manifest  truth  or  good  sense. 
as,  it  is  an  old  saying,  "the  more  haste,  the  worse  speed  " 
A  saw  is  a  saying  that  is  old.  but  somewhat  worn  and  tire- 
some. Precept  is  a  command  to  duty:  motto  or  mat 
brief  statement  of  cherished  truth,  the  maxim  being  more 
uniformly  and  directly  practical;  "God  is  love"  m 
motto.  "Fear  God  and  fear  naught."  a  maxim.  The  precepts 
of  the  Sermon  on  the  Mount  will  furnish  the  Christian  with 
invaluable  maxims  or  mottoes,  a  byword  \s  &  saying  wed 
reproachfully  or  contemptuously.     Compare  ahaoi  .  axiom 

— pro-ver'bi-al,  a.  1.  Of  the  nature  of,  pertaining  to,  or 
like  a  proverb.  2.  Well-known;  notorious. — pro-\er'bl- 
al-ly,  adv. 
Prov'erbs,  1  prov'arbs;  2  prov'erbg,  n.  pi.  A  didactic  poetical 
book  of  the  Old  Testament,  containing  practical  moral  say- 
ings and  instructions. 
pro-vide',  1  pro-void';  2  pro-vid',  vt.  &  vi.  [pro-vid'ed11; 
pro-vid'ing.]  1.  To  make,  procure,  or  furnish  lor  fu- 
ture use.  2.  To  furnish  with  supplies  or  requisites;  put 
into  a  state  of  preparation:  with  with.  3.  To  stipulate 
4.  To  take  precautionary  measures:  with  <iuni/ist.  [< 
L.  pro.  forward,  +  video,  see.| 

Syn.:  arrange,  cater,  furnish,  prepare,  procure,  produce, 
supply.  See  prepare.— Ant.:  alienate,  divert,  lose,  misem- 
ploy, mismanage,  neglect,  overlook,  scatter,  squander, 
throw  away,  waste.  — Prep.:  provide  for  the  future;  provide 
one  with  funds:  provide  against  treachery. 

— pro-vid'ed,  conj.  On  condition  (that).  Syn.:  see  BUT. 
— prov'i-dence,  n.  1.  The  care  exercised  bj  the  Supreme 
Being  over  the  universe,  'i.  [P-|  Hence,  the  Deity,  S.  An 
event  or  circumstance  ascrlbable  to  divine  Interposition     I, 

The  exercise  of  foresight  and  care  for  the  future;  prudent 
economy.  Syn.:  see  im  ,\iim  cm  Di  hi  i  prov'i-dent, 
a.  Exercising  foresight;  economical.  Syn,:  see  thouoht- 
ful.  — prov'I-deiit-ly,  adv.-  prov"i-den 'Hal,  a.  Result- 
ing from  or  exhibiting  the  action  of  Cod's  providence,  -ly, 
adv.  —  pro-vid 'er,  n. 
Prov'i-dence,  1  prev'i-dens; 2  prOv'l  dene,  n  \  seaporl  city. 
capital  of  Rhode  Island;  pop.  il51,()()t);  seat  of  Hrown  Uni- 
versity,  founded    1764. 

prov'inre,  1  prev'ins;  2  pr8v'incj  n  1 .  Any  large  admin- 
istrative division  of  a  count  ry :  in  the  plural  often  t 
ing  those  regions  lying  at  b  dii  tance  from  the  capital 
2.  A  comprehensive  dt  partmenl  or  sphere,  as  of  knowl- 
edge or  duty.  ■'{.  /e<>,/. ,.,.  \  portion  of  the  earth  hav- 
ing its  own  special  Bora,  fauna,  and  types  of  mankind 
4||.  A  tract,  region.  [F.,  <  I.  pro,  l"'  ire,  rinco, 
conquer.]  pro-vln'clal1.  I.  a.  t.  Pertaining  to  a  pro\ 
ince.  'i-  <  ionflm  ■  (  to  ■  dto\  nice,  in  i  ic;  local;  narrow  .  II.  n. 
1.  A  native  or  Inhabitant  of  ■,  provinoo;  •■■•.■  t. 

Clal,  in  anj     en  r       •;.    A    i a  Itlc  superior  ot 

province     pro-vln'clal-lsmt  n.    Thequalltj 

vinciai.  a  provincial  peculiarity,  as  of  ti ght  or  speech 

pro->lii'VI-ari-l>,  u.     The  character  of  being  local  01    pro 
vinciai.      pro-\lii'ci;il-l/.c,  Vt.     TO  make  provincial       |tro- 
vln'<-l:il-l>.  a,li 
Pro-vln'clal-,  ' """ 

pro-vi'sion.  1  pro-vis'sn;  2  prc-vuh'oL     I-         V o  pro 
vide  with  the  meai  "'    furnish 

with  food      II.  "      l-  M  made 

n  ..i    i     ace     '-■  \    upplj  ol  fo  i  plural 

8.   \    tipulati »i  n  quin  <  ■  Ql .  the  pan  ol  an  agree 

ment,  instrument. etc  .  referring  tool  iin»  t. 

App.nui  mi  iii.  a    by  the  Popt 

yet  vacant      ft  | .  I !  light .  pre>  i  ion.    |l    .        ' 

Vlsioln    I        prOVi  tOO.  PBOVIDI 

— pro-vl'slon-al,  a      Provided  foi  a 

temporary    0  '''    "r   fl,r  luok   of 


prmUo 
piulriir) 


1    a 


I  •»       \  I  i         ■  |       .1 '.  or;   full,  rule;  I. nt,  l.nrn; 


I ,  .  i>r..- .  I   -i.ui-.i-r)  ;.  I 

|il ..-  >  I   «l..n-t  r  . 

\         diUonal 
.'  ut.-.  limiting, 

pro-i  i   >.^r\  .  '..nt  on  a 

,,r.->l   ~.»-  rl-l  \  . 

I 

|iro-\"Wi    . 

I.         1 

'- 
II.  ntmcnl ; 

rlgi  i  . 

pro«"o-ra  lion,  i       I.   i    •  act  of  provoking. 

clhlng  thai 
-ih   .•  -      I.  II.   n. 

»|j  .  -ms*. 

pr.->   ill    .  r.  |>r.-i..W   log,      :        Irritating    Of  ati- 

-I .  -EMM 

pr.n  ii-i  .  t  or  pro-vo',  n. 

•  •  •   head  of  the  faculty  in 
irshal.     I  <    1 
pro-tost'  mar'snal,  a  military 

prm  'nsl-D  .  n 
i  St.  Provostshlp. 

priii   ••-!  —  lil|>. 
prow .  I'a  hull; 

the  stem.    [<  Gr.L*F  prura,  < 

pr.ni  i  ts,  •..    1.  Strength,  skill,  and 

2  .  Vdaringdeed.    [<OF. pro 
S»'t.  "i.  Intrepidity, 

and  intrepidity 

hlblted 

bier  word  than 

p  ritual,  and  enduring 

elements  of  character;  such  an  appreciation  ol   perl]   aa 

nly  Intensify  courage,  which 

la  r<~  o  matters 

cai    I  .■  ••  no  place,  as 

subn  the  facing  of  censure 

and  "ll'ir  lin- 
;  Of  thl 

amai  ifferet      I       r  meets-odds  or 

urageous  action,  doing  its  utmost  to  conquer  at 
adapted  t<>  the  need; 
•;cas   rotor   is   often    vain   against    supi 

IS    for    linn  |  i  •.in  1 1 1  iik 

.lardllncas,  effeminacy,  fear,  timidity. 
prowl,  |         .!;  2  prowl,  at  A:  ri,    To  roam  about  .-• 

y  or  plunder.     [Perhaps  <  W. 
prowl  i-r,  n. 
(■r. . i  .  Proximo  (next  [month]), 

pmi  i-ui.ii.  |  g  proka'1-mal,  a.    1.  Bini   Rela- 

[Kirtlun  of  the  body  or  point  of 
Origin:  Opposed  to   -'■   •■        2.  Proximate. 

i<r • .  ^  i-p.  i  ■  .  'i-mat,  a.    Being  in 

next.     [  <  L. 
near.)     Syn.: 
l< r. . \  i-iii  it'-ly,  adr.  — proi-lm'l-ty,   n.     The 
sla- 

prn\  i- ks'i-mo,  adv.    In  or  of  the 

: 

pro\'j,  .  .  [prox'ies",  pi]    A  per- 

son ■  for  him,  the  right  so 

to  a  ■•■rniig  it. 

ri-.. 

priiili  .  ally  a  woman, 

[F.,  fem.  of 

prud'ir-j,  n.    Primness; 

assumed  coynem- prud  l-h.  c.vlng   prudery;   prim. 

pru  i|.  in  e,  1  :  I  be  quality  of 

■  tion. 
Sj'r.  m,   circumspection 

■  light,    forethought, 

net   and    protrtr 

■  to  the  future. 

pry*:  ag,  guarding,  prHHdenc  planning, 

e  form  of  prvr 
I  reduce  the  ration-. 

ipUea  and 

to  r  ,Qhl  merely  sws  the  future,  and 

ray  even  leat"  to  the  recklessness  and  desperation  to  which 


■  strong!)    opposed 
i  is  thinking  In  accordance  with                         the  fu- 
ture, and  Is  I  li  nl  In  proi  Utl  MCI .  but  It  In  a  in 

im|nii  •    lei  111 .  im-  speak  ol  man's 

■  ii  i     muoALiTT;  wis- 
folly,  heedlessness,  improvidence,  Imprudence, 
i 
pi  ii  dint .  i; 2  pi u  'I' m    '■     I.  Habitual!: 

lul  to  avoid  practical  errors  and  to  follow    thi 

profitable  course;  cautious;  worldlywise. 

cut  inus. 

lion     4. 

Deooi     islj    discreel       •">  ■    Learned      I  P.,    <    L.   pru- 

ontr.  ol  i 

Syn :   careful,   cautious,   circumspect,   considerate,   dls- 

imlcal,    frugal,    ludlclous,    polltlo,    provident, 

■  •us,    thoughtful,    thrlfti.    wars,    wise       Bee    POLITIC. 

Compare  synonyms  fur  nu  deni  i       Ant.:  audacious,  dar- 
ing, desperate,   foolhardy,   foolish,   Imprudent,   indiscreet. 
•  ndthrlft,  thoughtless,  unwary, 
prii'iient-i) ,  pru-iiciriiai,  a     i.  Proceeding 

frmn  nr  marked  by  prudence      2.   Exercising  prudence  and 

w Isdom  offlolally.    -l> . 

prune,  1  prim,  g  prim,  it    &  N      [flu  m  Dj  i-iii  s'im.  |     1. 

I  o  trim  "tT  superfluous  branches,  2.  To  trim  feathers 
with  tie  bill,  a-  ■  bird;  often  useil  figuratively  in  both 
sviisi-s.    i-    OF  provqner.]    Syru  see  abbreviati 

prune,  n,      1.  The  dned  fruit  nt  a  variet]    "I  plum  raiseil 

m  southern  Europe  nr  California.  2.  A  plum.  [F.,  < 
Or.1  proimon,  plum  ]     pni-nifVr-ous,  </      Plum«bearlng. 

pru-nei'ia,  i  pru-nel  s;  u'  pru-nel'a,  n.  a  strong  woolen 
cloth,  now  used  only  for  the  uppers  of  shin's.  [  ■  i'.  prunsUs, 
plum  (from  Us  plum-color),  <  L.  prunum,  rittNK  ]  pru- 
nel':;  pru-nel'lo;. 

prti'rl-enf,  1  prfl'ri-ent;  2  pru'ri-ent,  a.  1.  Impure  in 
thought  and  desire  '■!.  Craving.  [<  I..  prwrten((-)s, 
itching.]     -I>,    ■  pru'ri-eii-c),  n.     pru'ri-eiMt't. 

pru-ri'go,  l  pru-rol'go;  2  pnj-rl'go,  n.  1.  a  sklntllsease 
marked  by  eruption  and  Itching,  'i.  An  Itching.  IL...  < 
pru-rlg'l-noas, 

I'rus..  '.''i/ir.    Prussia,  Prussian 

Prus'sla,  ]  prusn'e;  2  prush'a,  n,  A.  kingdom  of  M  <;ermany; 
16  sq    m  .  i»'ii-  40,165,000;  capital.  Berlin.— Pirus'- 

slan.     I.  a.     Pertaining  to  Prussia       II.  ;i.      1.  A  native  or 

naturalised  Inhabitant  of  Prussia,  'i.  The  old  language  of 
Prussia.  — Prussian  blue,  a  coloring  sub  taneeu  '<i  In  dye- 
ing, etc  prus'sl-ate,  n.  Chem.  A  sail  of  prusslc  acid.  - 
pnis'sle,  8.  Pertaining  to  Prussian  blue,  prusslc  acid, 
a  colorless  and  extremely  poisonous  liquid  compound  of 
hydrogen,  carbon,  and  nitrogen,    hydrocyanic  acldj. 

pry1,  1  proi;  2  pry.  I.  vi  &w  |i'nii.o;  fin'iN'..)  To  ob- 
serve carefully,  scrutinize;  look  into  curiously  or  slyly: 
dally  with  otrf.  II.  n.  [pries*,  ;;/.]  A  sly  and 
searching  inspection.  [Transpo  ition  ol  MI)  piren  (< 
].(..  pit  en),  look  closely.)  — pry 'Ing,  pa.  &  n.    -ly,  adc. 

pry2.  I.  vt.  [pried;  prt'img.]  To  work  upon  or  move 
with  a  lever.    II.  «.    A  lever,  as  a  bar,  stick,  or  beam. 

I'rzas  'nysz,  1  p<Shus'ni!$h;  2  psliiis'nysh,  n.  A  town  In  Russian 
Poland;  taken  by  Germans,  July  15,  1915. 

Przc'mysl,  1  psne'mlShl;  2  pshe'myshl.  n.    A  fortified  town 

in  central  Oallcla,  Anstrla-IIunirary:  pop    57,000;  taken  by 

i.  March  17.  but  recaptured  bj  Germans,  June 8,  1915. 

P.  S.,  ahbr.  Permanent  Secretary',  post  scriptum  [PSB.,  pi.] 
(L..  postscript!.  Privy  Seal.  — Ps.,  Psa.,  abbr.  Psulm, 
Psalms.— ps.,  abbr.    Pieces. 

psalm,  1  im:  2  -am.  I.  vt.  &  ri.  To  celebrate,  extol,  or 
praise  with  or  in  psalms;  sine;  psalms;  hymn.  II.  n.  A 
sacred  Minn  or  lyric,  as  of  tie-  Old  Testament  Hook  of 
Psalms;  a  hymn.  (<  Gr.>tA8  psalmos,  <  psallo,  play 
a  stringed  Instrument.]  Syn.:  see  bono. — psalm  '1st,  n.  A 
composer  of  psalms.  —  psalm  'o-dy,  1  sam'o-di  or  sal'mo-di; 
2  sam'o-dy  or  sal'mo-dy,  «.  1.  The  use  of  psalms  In  divine 
worship:  psalm«slnglng.  2.  A  collection  of  psalms.  [<  (;r. 
psalii  uuhi,  slng.j     psal'mo-dlst.  n. 

Psalms,  1  somz;  2  samg,  n.  pi.  Bib.  A  lyrical  book  of  the 
Old  Testament,  containing  150  hymns,  many  ascribed  to 
David.    Book  or  Psalms;. 

Psal'ter,  1  sel'tsr;  2  sal'ter,  n.  The  Book  of  Psalms, 
especially  as  given  in  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  or 
in  i  In  collection  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church.  [< 
OF.  pmulller,  <  L.  psalterinm,  <  Gr.  psaltirion,  <  psallo, 
play  on  a  stringed  Instrument.]— psal'ter-y,  n.  [-iesz,  pl.\ 
1.  A  Hebrew  stringed  musical  Instrument.  2.  A  medieval 
stringed  Instrument  with  thirteen  strings.    3.  A  Psalter. 

p-.il-ie'rl-um,  1  8ol-[orsal-]trn-t(m;2  sal-[or  sal-lte'rl-um,  n. 
1-ni-A,  pi.]  1.  The  manyplics,  or  third  stomach  of  a  rumi- 
nant. 2.  A  psalter.  3.  A  psaltery.  [L.;  see  psalter.]— 
P-al-te'rl-al,  a. 

pseud'-,    |1  sitid'-,  siu'do-;  2  sud'-,  su'do-.     From  fir. 

pseu'do-,  \  pseudea,  false,  pseudon,  falsehood:  combining 
forms. 

pseud.,  abbr.    Pseudonym. 


1:9  =  final;    i  =  hablt^    aisle;    on  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    o  =  sino;    fhin,   this. 
629      2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


proviso 
pudency 


pseu 'do-morph,  n.  1.  Mineral.  A  mineral  having  the  ex- 
ternal crystalline  form  of  another  mineral.  2.  An  irregular 
or  false  form.  [<  pseudo-  +  Gr.  morphe,  form.] — pseu"- 
do-nrtor'phisni,  re. — pseu"do-mor'phous,  a. — pseu'do- 
nym,  n.  1.  A  fictitious  name:  pen«name.  2.  Bot.  The 
vernacular  name. — pseu-don'y-mous,  a. — pseu'do-pod, 
re.  1.  A  pseudopodium.  2.  An  organism  with  pseudopodia; 
a  rhizopod. — pseu-dop'o-dal,  a. —  pseu"do-po'dl-um,  n. 

1.  Biol.  A  process  formed  by  the  temporary  extension  of  the 
protoplasm  of  a  cell  or  of  a  unicellular  animal,  serving  for 
taking  in  food,  for  locomotion,  etc.  2.  Bot.  A  false  pedicel  in 
certain  mosses,    pseu'do-podet. 

pshaw,  1  she;  2  sha,  interj.  An  exclamation  of  disapproval, 
disgust,  or  impatience. — pshaw,  ti.  To  exclaim  "pshaw"; 
utter  expressions  of  disgust  or  contempt. 

Ps!"lo-ra'ti,  1  psrio-rfi'tl;  2  psi"lo-ra'ti,  n.    See  Ida. 

Psit'ta-ci,  1  slt'a-sai;  2  sit'a-ci,  re.  pi.  Ornith.  An  order  or 
suborder  of  birds;  parrots.  [L.,  pi.  of  pstttacus,  <  Gr.  psit- 
takos,  parrot.]— psit-ta'cean,  pslt-ta'ceous,  a.— psit- 
tac'ld,  '  a  n  , 

pso'ra,  1  so'ra;  2  so'ra,  re.  1.  Pathol.  The  itch,  or  some  similar 
skin»disease.     2.  The  itch=mite.     [L..  <  Gr.  psora,  itch.] 

psych-,  psy'cho-,  1  saik-,  sai'ko-;  2  syc-.  sy'co-.  From  Gr. 
psyche;  see  Psyche:  combining  forms.  [Psychology. 

psych.,  abbr.     Psychic,  psychical. — psych.,  psychol..  ahhr. 

psy-chal'gl-a,  1  sai-kal'ji-8;  2  sy-eal'gi-a,  n.  Pathol.  Mental 
suffering;  morbid  depression.     [<  psych-  +  Gr.  algos,  pain.] 

Psy'che,  1  sai'lu;  2  sy'ce,  re.  Gr.  Myth.  A  maiden  beloved  by 
Cupid:  often  represented  as  a  young  girl  with  the  wings  of 
a  butterfly;  personification  of  the  soul. 

psy'chic,       1  1  sai'kik,  -ki-kal;  2  sy'eic,  -ci-cal,  a.     1. 

psy'chi-cal,  J  Pertaining  to  the  mind  or  soul;  mental,  as 
distinguished  from  physical  and  physiological.  2.  Of 
or  pertaining  to  occult  mental  phenomena.  3.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  the  animal  soul,  or  vital  and  sentient  prin- 
ciple; natural:  distinguished  from  spiritual.  [<  Gr. 
psychikos,  <  psyche,  soul] — psy'chi-cal-ly,  adv. 

psy-chol'o-gy,  1  sai-kel'o-ji;  2  sy-eol'o-gy,  n.  The 
science  of  the  human  mind  or  soul  and  its  operations; 
also,  a  treatise  on  this  science.  [  <  Gr.  psyche,  soul,  + 
-logy.] — psy"cho-log'i-cal,  a.  psy"cho-log'ict- — psy"- 
cho-log'1-cal-ly,  adv. — psy-chol'o-glst,  ».  A  student  of 
or  a  specialist  in  psychology. 

psy'cho-path,  re.  One  irresponsible  because  of  mental  in- 
firmity.— psy-chop'a-thist,  re.  One  skilled  In  treating 
mental  derangement. — psy"cho-pa-thol'o-gy,  re.  The 
pathology  of  the  mind. — psy-chop'a-thy,  re.  1.  Mental 
derangement,  especially  as  apart  from  disease  of  the  brain. 

2.  The  system  of  treating  disease  by  mental  influence;  mind= 
cure. — psy"cho-path'lc,  a.  &  re. — psy"cho-phys'Ics,  re. 
Psychol.  The  science  of  the  relations  between  mental  phe- 
nomenaand  physical  changes. — psy"cho-phys"l-ol'o-gyrf2. 
Psychical  physiology. — psy-cho'sls,  re.  A  conscious  mental 
activity,  specif,  as  distinguished  from  the  accompanying 
brain*  or  nerve*changes.        [[pts.,  pi.].  Part,  payment,  pint. 

p.  t.,  abbr.     Post»town. —  Pt.,  abbr.     Platinum. — pt.,   abbr 
ptar'mi-gan,  1  tar'mi-gan;  2  tiir'mi-gan,  n 
-gan,  pi.]     A  grouse  of  the 
northern  hemisphere,  with 
the  winter  plumage  chiefly 
pure  white.     [  <  Gael,  tar- 
machan,  ptarmigan] 
Pter"l-doph'y-ta,      1      ter"i- 
def'i-ta;    2   ter"l-d6f'y-ta,  re. 
pi.    A  phylum  of  plants  com- 
prising the  ferns,  club=mosses, 
and    their   allies.      [<     Gr. 
pleris  (plerid-),  fern,  +  phy- 

ton,  plant.] — ptcr'I-do-phytc,  re.  A  plant  of  the  above 
group.  —  pter"l-do-phyt'Ic,  a.  pter"l-doph'y-toust. 
pter'o-,  pter-,  1  ter'o-,  ter-J  2  ter'o-,  t6r-.  From  Creek 
pteron,  wing,  feather,  plume  (  <  petomai,  fly) :  combining 
forms.— pter"o-dac'tyl,  re.  An  extinct  flying  reptile  often 
of  gigantic  size,  with  large  and  bird-like  skull,  long  Jaws, 
and  a  flying-membrane  somewhat  like  that  of  a  bat.  [  + 
Gr.  daklylos,  finger. 1  It  urn  over. 

Ptg.,  abbr.     Portugal.  Portuguese.— P.  T.  O.,  abbr.     Please 
Ptol'c-my,  1  tel'l-mi;  2  tol'e-my,  re.    1.  Any  one  of  several 
Egyptian  kings;  especially   (1)   P.  I.,  "Soter"   (3677  283 
I'..  ('.),  a  general  of  Alexander,  who  became  king  of  Egypt. 
(2)  P.  III.,  Ruergctcs  (247  221  B.  C),  overthrew  Syria 
and  Babylonia.    2.  Claudius,  an  Alexandrian  geographer, 
astronomer,    and    mathematician    of     the    2d    century. 
Ptol"e-Itia'lc,    a.       Of,    pertaining    to,    or    derived     tP  in 
Ptolemy,    especially    the    Alexandrian    ast  ronomer.    or         ' 
one  of  the  Egyptian  kings  of  that,  name— Ptolemaic  s>s- 
tem  (Astron.),  the  ancient  astronomical  system  of  Ptolemy, 
Which  assumed  that  the  earth  was  the  central  body  around 
which  the  sun  and  planets  revolved, 
pto'ma-in,    1  1  to'ma-in,  -in;  2  tf/ma-fn,  -In,  n,     A  i><>i- 
pto'ma-ine,  I  sonous  alkaloid,  derived  from  decompos- 
ing or  putrefying  animal  matter.  [<  Cr  ptima,  ■ 
pub,  1  pub;  2  pub,  re.    [Slang,  Eng.]    A  public  house;  Inn. 


[-gansz  or 


Ptarmigan 


pub.,  abbr.  Public,  published,  publisher.— pub.,  pubn., 
abbr.    Publication. — Pub.  Doc,  abbr.    Public  Document. 

pu'ber-ty,  1  piii'bar-ti;  2  pu'ber-ty,  n.  1.  Opening  man- 
hood or  womanhood.  2.  Bot.  The  period  when  a  plant 
begins  to  flower.  [<  OF.  puberte,  <  L.  puberta(t-)s,  < 
puber,  of  ripe  age.l 

pu-bes'cent,  1  piu-bes'ent;  2  pQ-bes'ent,  a.  1.  Covered 
with  hairs  (especially  fine,  soft,  short  hairs);  hairy  t.r 
downy,  as  leaves,  etc.  2.  Being  or  having  arrived  at 
puberty.  [  <  L.  pubcsccn(t-)s,  <  pvbes,  grown  up.]  — 
pu-bes'cence,  re.  I.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  pubes- 
cent. 2.  A  covering  or  growth  of  soft,  fine  hairs  or  down,  aj 
upon  certain  plants. 

pu'bic,  1  piii'bik;  2  pu'bic.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  region 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen;  as  the  pubic  bones.  ]<  L. 
pubes,  puber,  grown  up.] 

pub'Iic,  1  pob'hk;  2  pub'Iic.  I.  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  01 
affecting  the  people  at  large  or  the  community:  distin- 
guished from  private  or  personal.  2.  Open  to  all;  main- 
tained by  or  for  the  public.  3.  Done  or  made  in  public 
or  without  concealment;  well-known;  open;  notorious. 
4.  Occupying  an  official  or  professional  position;  acting 
before  or  for  the  community.  Syn.:  see  common;  general. 
— public  spirit,  enlightened  interest  in  matters  that  affect 
the  community.— pub'lic=spir"it-ed,  a.  Active  in  promot- 
ing the  public  welfare. 

II.  re.  1.  The  people  collectively.  2.  [Colloq.,  Eng  ]  \ 
public  house.  [<  L.  publicum,  <  popidus,  people.] 
—public  house.  1.  An  inn,  tavern,  or  hotel.  2.  |Kng] 
A  place  licensed  to  sell  intoxicating  liquors;  liquor-saloon 
pub'li-can.  re.  1.  [Eng.]  The  keeper  of  a  public  bouse.  2. 
Bom.  Hist.  One  who  farmed  or  collected  the  public  revenues 
— pub"li-ca'tlon,  re.  1.  The  act  of  publishing  or  placing 
on  sale,  as  a  book.  2.  A  newspaper,  magazine,  etc.  Syn.: 
see  literature. — pub'li-cist,  n.  A  writer  on  international 
law  or  on  topics  of  public  interest. — pub-llc'1-ty,  n.  The 
state  of  being  public,  or  the  act  or  fact  of  making  public. — 
pub'Hc-ly,  adv 

pub'lishS  1  pub'hsTi;  2  pub'lish,  vt.  1.  To  make  known 
publicly.  2.  To  issue  (or  print,  bind,  and  issue),  as  from 
the  press.  3.  To  put  in  circulation;  utter,  as  counterfeit 
money.    [<  L.F  publico,  make  public  | 

Syn.:  advertise,  announce,  blaze  abroad,  blazon,  bruit, 
communicate,  declare,  disclose,  divulge,  impart,  make 
known,  make  public,  proclaim,  promulgate,  reveal,  spread, 
spread  abroad,  tell.  Syn.:  see  ANNOl  mi:;  BPREAD. — Ant.: 
conceal,  cover,  cover  up,  hide.  hush,  hush  up.  suppress,  «  Ith- 
hold. — pub'lish-er,  re.  One  who  publishes;  especially,  one 
who  makes  a  business  of  publishing  books  or  periodicals. 

Puc-ci'ni,  1  put-chi'ni;  2  put-chl'nl,  Glacomo  (1S58-  ). 
An  Italian  operatic  composer;  Madama  Butterfly, 

puc-coon',  1  pu-kfin';  2  pu-coon',  n.  Any  one  of  several 
North-American  herbs  yielding  a  red  or  yellow  die;  espe- 
cially the  hoary  puccoon,  with  orange-yellow  flowers,  of 
which  the  root  yields  a  red  die.    [Am.  Ind.j 

pu-celle',  1  piu-sel';  2  pfl-cei',  n.  A  virgin:  maid:  obsolete 
except  in  the  phrase  La  Pucclle  (/•'.  &  Eng.  Hist.),  Joan  of 
Arc,  the  Maid  of  Orleans. 

Puck,  1  puk;  2  puk,  re.     1.  [P-  or  p-I  In  English  folk-lore,  an 
elf,  sprite,  or  fairy;  as  a  pro|>er  name,  the  chief  ot  the  I 
mischievous  and  merrymaking,  as  in  Shakespeare's  Mid- 
summer Night's  Dream.    2.  [p-]  The  hard  rubber  disk  u  led 

In  playing  hockey.    [<  Ir.  puca,  elf] 
puck 'a.  1  puk'a;  2  puk'a,  a.     [Anglo-lnd  ]     Made  of  durable 

materials;  veil. built;  permanent;  thorough     put  'cat. 
puck'er,  1  puk'ar;  2  piik'er.     I.  vt.  A  '         1    >       th<  I  into 
small  folds  or  wrinkles,  as  the  mouth  or  lip:    mi, lei   the 
action  of  astringents;  corrugate:  often  with  up.    II.  n, 

I.  A  wrinkle,  oi  group  ol  wrinkles.    2.  [Colloq 
tion;  perplexity;  confusion,    [Freq,  •    poke1,  i   ] 

pudding,  1  pud'irj;  2  pud'ing,  n.  1.  A  sweetened  and 
flavored  dessert  of  soft  fund,  usually  farinaceou       '.'■   \ 

large    sausage.      [<    Ir.    putog,    pudding.]      pild'<llllg« 

stone",  a      \   conglomerate  1 1 
rounded  pebbles, 
piid'dhe'',  1  pud'l;  2  pud'l,  v.     \v\  d'di  i  d;  pi  d'di  in<j  I 
1. 1.    1.  To  convert  (melted  pig  iron)  into  wroui 
by  melting  and  stirring      '-'•   H  . 
work  (clay)  with  water  to  a  tbii  Co  line, 

•  lib  puddled  clay.    :»•  To  make  muddy. 

II.  i.    To   in  up  filth, 

—pud 'die 'ball",  ».  a  ball  of  molten  Iron  rri  b  from 
the  puddllng«turnace     p.«bar,  n     Metal    K  bar  Into  which 

a  puddle-ball  Is  rolled  or  han i      pud'dlert  n.    l.(  im 

who  puddles     '.'•  V  device  for  stirring  fused  metal     8.  \ 
puddling  lurnaoi       pud'dllng,  n,     I,  The  act  of  puddling, 

or  Its  "   nil    Idli  d  els        "■  \  puddle     i>u<rdiioK 

fur"iiace,  n.    \  reverberator!  rurnaci  foi  puddling  pig-Iron. 

pud 'die',  n.  \  small  pn.,1  ol  dirty  watoi  pud'dly,  a. 
Full  of  or  resembling  pudd 

pii'iicn-i-),  l  plQ'den    i.  :•  pQ'den  <  ■, .  n     Natural  u 


pudg) 

purblind 


fr*«t     frt.  prev;    hit.  |       I  gO;   not.  «r;   full.  rQle,   Lin.  bOrn; 

what,  til;  mi.  got,  prey,  feru;  hi     >        i  i  ...   not,  or,  woo,      taiO 


.    .■ 
i     \ 


l'« 


|> u— .  r   i«. T-.il. 


I'll,  r  t..  ITIn  ,  l-|. 


i  i: 

putT. 


mi  Dtaii: 
I  chlhllsh- 

I •  > ■  Vr-ll  «-—  ■  i • 

prin'cI-Pfi. 
'    i-nia'gu-c)  :. 

1 
• 

%^  itli  s.'lf-im- 

■  I.  publish 

I. 

">• 

I  Tin-:,  t .  llalt.T. 

Inflate,  p»-  i  .:.:  liellt- 

rlvel 
puff,         1.  ...  I  with  force;  a 

.'. 
:!.   Vn  in 

ball  f<>r 

I.   \  puffball.    [Imita- 

i>uir  ii.iii  .         i.  thai  puffs  out 

•  i  1  The 
leather}-  he.,  paff'er.  pulf'- 

er->,  :       i  i|  puffin::;  Interested  public 

commendation.  —  pufT'i-l),      ads.  —  pufl'l-ncss,      n.  — 
l.ulf 
puffin.   L  |  J  ;    .'  in.  n.     An  auk  with  deep  com- 

pressed bill.    (  <  Pit  t  :  from  it-  beak  ] 

I.  To  tamp  with 

.  mortar,  et<-  .  as  a  floor,  to 

-ind,  usually  with  water,  as  clay. 

pii.;  .  1 .  •  di  g     '*.  A  p  i.--:.  :t. 

.p;  goblin:  a  familiar  name  of  various 
animal?,  at  •  Puck,  <  !• 

pail     I   , ■   .  haired  dog  with  up- 

DOG       pug '■nose'.  I    .nose. — 

pug-noned,  a. 

[.u.-  .    .      I.     .ay  ground  and  worked  with  water,  as  for  mold- 

-.to  bricks.    2.  A  machine  In  which  clay  Is  ground  and 

pug'  mill": . 

Sound,  1  plQ'Jet;2  pO'get.    An  Inland  sea  of  the  State 

pug 'icing-,  og  somewhat  uncertain, 

puitb.  on  of  con- 

-mst. 
pu  ir i-ll -in,   1   piu'ji-lizm;  2   pu'gi-llsm,   r,       The  art    of 
-  righting  wit  the  prize-ring. 

pn  \-i-ii-i.         pu"gi-ii-'tio,  'j 

pug-iia'<  il)U\    1  I  >:-- 

-!>.  png-naet-ty, n     pug-na'dou— n<    - 

pulr.  . 

puls'ne,  I.  to  rank; 

II. 
a  junior  associate.     [Old 

pu '1 — .line,  .  r;  ability 

to  As.  pu 'ia-san t,  a.      Powerful; 

pa   I — anl-l) . 

[Hike.  I. 

II.  n.     1.  The 

■  ic.      [Akin  to 

puk'ka. 

Pii-la-kl.  .  <    .  in.lr,  fount 

Revolutionary  g<  n- 

pureiiri-tude,  1  poPkn-tiOd;  2  pul'eri-tud,  n.    B 

irra.     |  <   1. 
pull  .  •  i.kii;  pt  i 'p  |.  ro pipe  like 

a  chicken;  peep.  2.  To  cry  plaintively;  whimper.  [<OF. 


1 


.1 


3        &« 
1'iilleys. 

blp      1  Ruour. 
4.  Klnt 


pal  inn.  "      \  plalntft ' 
an  [Heu 

im  i,  «..'..  po'll  -i  ..I  the  tamll)  /•(/- 

pill    kh.i.   ,    .  OUl'ka,  ti       A  r.uiiii-llke  travellla 

phuid  I 
pull.  1  pul.  2  pill     I  i.         Lraw  or  attempt  to 

dratt    W  i<  I.  I  . .tally  Willi  an  ad- 

v.ili  ot  din  '■   I     plui  i.     :i.  I  •■  draw  oul     i.  I  o 

!"»,  I    by   rowing      &.  Print    To  take  or 

II.        i.i  he  aol 
lulling;   the  exertion  of  foro    !•■  dran    letbing 

'.'.  Snllle- 

t limit  thai   La  pu  i. 

i   drafl   ol   liquid      4.  [Colloq  | 
rowing     5.  [Slang  ]  A  bold  on  or  means  ••!  inBuonoing 
in  power;   undue  or  illegitimate  influono       <•. 

\  -     puliUlll,    pull  |      s.  ■ 

nmu      pull  hack",  m,    That  which  keens  oi 

I  for  drawing  or  holding  something  bad       puller,  n, 
pul  i.i.  :.'  pul'et,  r»,     I.  A  young  hen      '-■  In 

edible  European  bivalve.     |  <  1.1.  '  jrulla,  young  hi  d  | 
pul  lej  .  1  pul  i;2  pul'y,  n,    1.  i  wheel  grooved  to  r. 

a  r..|»'.  and  usually  mounte  I  in  a 

block :  also,  a  block  wi(  h  n     pul- 
leys or  tackle,    'i.  A  wheel  driving, 

cam  ing,  or  being  dri\  en  bj  a  bell . 

hell  '  =  pul"lt'j;.       [<     1.    / 

Pull 'man.  l  pul'man;  2  pul'man,  n      I 

sliepltiu-car  OT  palace-car.    [■     ■■■ 

m.  Pullman,  Inventor  I    rull'mau 
.  a  . 
pul'mo-na-ry,    1    pul'mo-nfi-ri;     2  ;'  •* ^'' *'"1 ' 
pul  mo-na-ry,  a.     1,  Pertaining  to 
the  lungs,     '*•    Having   lung-like   organs,    [<  L,  pul- 
pulmo(n-),    lung.)  —  pul-mon'ir.      I.    a. 
.mt;  to  tin-  lungs.    II.  n,    l.  a  medicine  for  lung»dla- 
aSected  by  lung»dl 

pal 'mo- tor,  r».  An  apparatus  for  producing  artificial  respira- 
tion in  asphyxiate.!  p  orclng  oxygen  Into  the  lungs. 
[<  pul-  In  L.  puhr  .row.) 

pulp,  1  pulp;  2  pulp,  r».  A  moist,  Boft,  slightly  cohering 
mass  oi  matter,  usually  organic,  as  the  soft,  succulent 
part  of  fruit.     [<  L.  pulpu,  solid  flesh  ]  — pulp'less,  ,, 

—  pulp'ous,  a.    Consisting  of  or  resembling  pulp,  pulp')  J. 

—  pulp'l-ly,  adr.  —  pulp'l-ness,  ,, 

pul'pit,  1  pul  pit;2  pul'pit.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the 
pulpit.  II.  n.  1.  An  elevated  stand  or  desk  lor  a 
preacher  in  a  church,  'i.  Tin-  office  or  work  of  preach- 
ing; hence,  the  clergy  as  a  class.  •{.  Mech  ^n  elevated 
'platform  usually  boxed  in  and  variously  used.  [  <  L.or 
pulpit um.  stage,  platform.]-  pul'plt-eer,  n.  a  preacher: 
commonly  depreclative.    pul'plt-erf. 

pul'que,  1  pul'kfi;  2  pui'ke.  n.  A  fermented  drink  made  from 
the  Juice  of  the  maguey.    [Mex.  Sp.l 

pul'sate,  l  pul'sSl  [pul'sat-i 

in.;  J  To  move  with  rhythmical  impulses,  as  the  pulse; 
throb;  beat.  [  <  L.  puUatus,  pp.  of  pvtlso,  beat.] — pul'- 
sa-tll ■■(— ,  a.  I.  of  or  pertaining  to  pulsation;  pulsating. 
'£.  Mu.s.  Percussive,     pul— a'tion,  n.    a  throbbing;  also, 

a  single   heartbeat.      pul'sa-tl\   e~,   a       pill  'sa-to-r>  J . 
pul-slm'e-ter,  n.    A  sphygmograph.    pul-soru'e-ter:. 

puKe,  i  puis;  2  puis,  n.  [pi  lbed*;  pttlb'hto.]  To  send 
fori  li  ■ 

pulsi-',  n.    1.  The  rhj  tlimic  beating  of  the  arterie 
. idly  as  fell  in  pressing  upon  the  radial  artery  at  the 
wrist.     '£.  Any  throbbil  in      3.  Figuratively, 

any  movement,  drift,  or  tendency  indicative  of  general 
..pinion,  feeling,  or  sentiment.    [<  L.  pulsus,  beating  1 

—  pul-e'h  ■- 

poise  ,tl     i  ,  .'iiiuiiioiis  plants  collectively,  as  peas,  beans,  etc., 

[  -      1.  '»   pUl    .   BOl 

Pul-to'wa,  n.    Same  as  Poi.tava. 

Poll  ..      ■■•'iT.       [J..J       /'/, 

pul'ver-lze,  1  pul'vsr-oii;  2  pul'ver-is,  d.  &  vi.  [-izeu; 
-iz"im.  ]  To  reduce  or  become  reduced  to  powder',  as  by 
grinding,  crushing,  etc.;  to  'rush.     [<  L.  pulvig  (pul- 

pul'\er-lse*.  pul"vpr-l-za'tlon  or 
-sa'llo.'i,  -  pul  'ver-lz'Vr  or  -ls"er,  n-  pul-ver'u-ll-nt, 
<i.    Powdery;  dusty,     pul-ver'u-lence,  n. 

pu'ma,  1  piQ'ma;  2  pu'ma,  n.    An  Aj  oivore, 

ranging  from  Canada  to  Patagonia,  of  a  reddisb«tawny 

color,  about  I  feet  in  length,  exclusive  of  the  tail.     See 

Pi  ru  I   American  paul her+ ;  calaiiiountt ; 

coocart;  mountain  or  California  llonj. 

pum'iee,  1  i,iim'is;  2  pum'ic,  n.  Spongy  or  cellular  vol- 
canic lava:  used  as  a  polisningnnaterial,  [<  I.,  pumex 
(pumtr-  .  perhaps  <  ipuma,  foam.] — pa-ml'eeoos,  a.  Of, 
pertaining  to,  or  rantalnlng  pumice, 

pump,  1  pomp;  2  pump,  rf.  &  vi.     1.  To  raise  with  a 


1: a  =  final;     I  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;     Iu  =  feud;    cllin;    go;    rj  =  sinff;    fhin,    this.  pudgy 

631      2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this,     purblind 


pump.  2.  To  extract  information  by  questioning. — 
puiup'er,  n. 

pump1,  n.  A  mechanical  device  for  raising,  circulating, 
exhausting,  or  compressing  a  fluid  by  drawing  or  press- 
ing it  through  apertures  and  pipes.     [  <  F.  pompe.] 

pump2,  re.  A  light,  slipper-like  shoe  with  a  low  heel,  as  for 
dancing.     [  <  F.  pompe,  ult.  <  Gr.  pompe,  a  sending.] 

pum'per-nick"el,  1  putn'par-ntk"l;  2  pum'per-nlk"l,  re.  A 
bread  of  coarse  unbolted  rye,  originally  used  by  German 
peasants.    [G.] " 

pum'pi-ont,  re.    A  pumpkin. 

pump'kin,  1  pump'kin;  2  pump'kin  (Colloq.  1  purj'kin;  2 
pun'kin),  n.  A  large  trailing  vine  with  heart=shaped 
leaves;  also,  its  large,  round,  yellow  fruit.  [<  Gr.L+OF 
pepon,  melon.) 

pun,  1  pun;  2  pun.  l.vt.&vi.  [punned;  pun'ning.]  To 
make  a  play  on  words.  II.  n.  1.  The  witty  use  of  a 
word  in  two  senses,  more  or  less  incongruous.  2.  Less 
strictly,  a  play  on  words  of  the  same  sound  but  of  differ- 
ent meanings. 

pun.,  abbr.    Puncheon. 

Pu'na,  1  pu'ns;  2  pu'na,  re.  A  military  city  in  Bombay  prov- 
ince, British  India;  pop.  15S.900.     Poo'nat;  Poo'uali  +  . 

punch11, 1  punch ;  2  punch,  vt.  To  make  a  hole  or  indenta- 
tion in  with  or  as  with  a  punch.   [  <  L.  punctum.  point.] 

punch-1,  vt.  To  beat  or  strike,  especially  with  the  fist. 
[Corr.  of  punish.]— punch 'er,  re.  1.  One  who  or  that  which 
punches.    2.  [Western  TJ.  S.]  A  cowboy.    cow'=punel»"er:i:. 

punch1,  n.  A  tool  or  machine  for  perforating  or  indenting. 

punch2,  n.  An  alcoholic  beverage  composed  of  wine  or 
spirits,  sweetened,  flavored,  and  diluted  with  water. 
[<  Hind,  panch  (<  Sans,  pancha),  five:  from  the  five  orig- 
inal ingredients — arrack,  tea,  sugar,  water,  and  lemon.) 

punch3,  n.  [Colloq.]  A  blow,  thrust,  poke,  or  nudge. 

Punch4,  n.  1.  The  mock=hero  in  a  comic  performance  of 
puppets,  called  Punch  and  Judy;  Punch  is  usually 
represented  as  a  hunchback  with  an  enormous  hooked 
nose.  2.  An  English  illustrated  weekly  journal  of  wit 
and  humor,  founded  in  1841.     [Abbr.  of  Punchinello] 

punch',  re.  [Eng.)  A  shorMegged,  stout  draft^horse.     [Var. 

Of  PAUNCH.) 

pun'cheon1,  1  pun'cTian;  2  pun'chon,  n.  1.  An  upright 
supporting  timber.  2.  A  punch  or  perforating  tool.  3. 
[U.  S.]  A  broad,  flat  piece  of  roughly  dressed  timber. 
[<  I,.OF  punctio(n-) ,  puncture.) 

pun'cheon2,  n.  A  liquor=cask  of  variable  capacity,  from 
72  to  120  gallons;  also,  a  liquor=measure.  [<  OF. 
poinson,  wine=vessel.) 

Pun"chi-nel'lo,  1  pun'chi-nel'o;  2  pun"chi-nel'o,  n.  A  char- 
acter in  an  Italian  burlesque  or  puppet-show,  the  original 
of  the  English  Punch.  [<  It.  pulcinello,  puppet,  dim.  of 
pulcino,  young  chicken,  child,  <  L.  pullus,  young  animal.] 

punc-til'i-o,  1  punk-til'i-o  or  -yo;  2  punc-til'i-o  or  -yo,  n. 
1.  A  nice  point  of  etiquette.  2.  Preciseness  in  the  ob- 
servance of  etiquette  or  ceremony.  [  <  Sp.  puntillo.] — 
punc-til'i-ous,  a.  1.  Very  nice  or  exact  in  the  obser- 
vance of  forms  of  etiquette,  etc.  2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  pre- 
cise etiquette,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

punc'tu-al,  1  punk'cTiu-[or  -tiu-]al;  2  pune'chu-[or  -tfi-]- 
al,  a.  1.  Exact  as  to  appointed  time;  acting  or  arriving 
promptly.  2.  Done  or  made  precisely  at  an  appointed 
time,  as  a  work  or  payment.  3f.  Punctilious;  exact. 
[<  L.F  punctum,  point.]  -ly,  adv.—  punc"tu-al'l-ty,  re. 
[-ties2,  pl.\    Promptness,    punc'tu-al-ness}. 

punc'tu-ate,  1  punk'cTiu-[or -tiu-]et;  2  pun«'chu-[or -ttt-] 
at,  vt.  &  vi.  [-AT"EDd;  -at"ing  ]  To  divide  or  mark  with 
significant  points,  as  periods,  commas,  etc.;  use  punctu- 
ation. [<  L.LL  punctum,  point.]  — puiic"tll-a'tion,  //. 
The  use  of  points  or  marks  in  written  .ir  printed  matter,  as 
for  division  into  sentences,  clauses,  and  phrases.  2.  The 
characters  used  in  punctuating,  3.  Zool.  The  arrangement 
of  dots  on  a  dotted  surface,  punctuation  marks  or 
points,  the  period  (.),  colon  (:),  semlCOlonC),  COmmaC), 
dash  ( — ),  exclamatlon»polnt,  (!),  lnterrogatlon>point(?), 
quotation-marks  (".  .  .  ."  and  '.  .  .  .'),  parentheses  (()), 
and  brackets  ((]). — punc'tu-a"tor,  n.  One  versed  In 
punctuation,    punc'tu-lstt. 

punc'turc,  1  purjk'cliur  or  -tiur;  2  pune'ehur  or  -tflr, 
l.vt.  [-tured;  -tur-ino.]  1*  To  pierce  with  oi  as  with  a 
Bharpopointed  instrument  ;  prick  a  hole  j,,.  2.  Hence,  to 
cause  to  collapse  by  pricking  or  expo  ing;  a  I,  to  pum 
tare  a  tire;  to  puncture  a  fallacy.  II.  re.  1.  A  small  bole, 
as  in  a  pneumatic  t  i  re ,  made  by  piercing  with  something 
sbarp*pointed.  2.  Zool.  A  minute  depression;  pit.  3. 
The  act  of  puncturing.  [<  L.1,1'  punctus,  POIN1  I 
Syn.:  see  pierce. 

pun  (III.  1  piin'dit,;2  pun'dlt,  n.  A  learned  Brahman;  humor- 
ously, any  man  of  great  learning     lAnrlo-Iml  | 

pung,  1  pun;  2  pung,  n.  [New  Eng.  &  Canada.)  A  low  box 
sled  for  one  horse. 


pun'gent,  1  pun'jent;  2  pun'gent,  a.  1.  Affecting  the 
nerves  of  sensation,  as  by  pricking,  stinging,  or  pierc- 
ing. 2.  Sharply  affecting  the  mind  or  feelings;  caustic, 
keen,  or  racy.  3.  Zool.  Adapted  for  piercing.  4.  Bot. 
Terminating  in  a  hard  sharp  point.  [  <  L.  pungett  (*-)«, 
ppr.  of  pungo,  prick.)  Syn.:  see  bitter;  hot;  racy. — pun'- 
gen-cy,  re.    pun'gencet.— pun'gent-ly,  adv. 

Pu'nic,  1  piu'mk;  2  pu'nic,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  Poenl 
or  Carthaginians;  among  the  Romans,  faithless;  tun  rust- 
worthy;  as,  Punic  faith.— Punic  wars,  the  three  wars  of 
Rome  with  Carthage  (264-241,  218-201,  149-146  B.  C). 

pun'ish,  1  pun'ish;  2  pun'ish,  vt.  1.  To  inflict  pain, 
restraint,  or  other  penalty  upon  for  a  crime  or  fault.  2. 
To  requite  with  a  penalty;  chastise;  castigate:  said  of 
the  offense.  [<  L.  punio,  <  poena,  punishment.] 
Syn.:  see  avenge;  chasten;  requite. 

— pun"ish-a-bil'i-ty,     re.       pun'ish-a-bl(e-ness>'i. — 
pun'ish-a-bl(eP,  a.— pun'ish-er,  re.—  pun'ish-ment,  n. 

1.  Penalty  imposed,  as  for  transgression  of  law,  hence,  anj 
illsuffered  inconsequeneeof  wrong-doing ;  also,  tlieact  of  pun- 
ishing. 2.  [Colloq.]  Rough  handling,  as  in  a  pugilistic  encoun- 
ter.— pu'ni-tiv(e9,  a.  Pertaining  to  punishment;  specif.,  in 
law,  of  a  character  to  punish  or  vindicate  -ly,  ado.  -ness, 
n. — pu'ni-to-ry,  o.   Tending  to  or  prescribing  punishment. 

Pun-jab',  1  pun-job';  2  pun-jiib',  n.  A  province  01  N.  W. 
British  India;  99,779  sq.  m.  under  British  and  36,532  sq.  m. 
under  native  rule;  pop.  19,975,000. 

punk,  1  punk;  2  punk,  n.  1.  Wood  decayed  as  through  the 
action  of  some  fungus;  vegetable  tinder;  touchwood.  ''-  An 
artificial  preparation  that  will  smolder  without  dame. 
[Contr.  from  spunk.] 

Pun'ka,  1  pun'ka;  2  pun'ka,  n.  A  fan;  especially,  a  rectangu- 
lar strip  of  cloth,  etc.,  swung  from  the  ceiling  and  moved  by 
a  servant  or  by  machinery.     [Anglo»lnd.)    ptin'kaht. 

pun'ster,  1  pun'star;  2  ptin'ster,  re.  One  who  puns;  one 
addicted  to  or  skilled  in  punning. 

puntld,  1  punt;  2  punt,  v.  I.t.  1.  To  propel,  as  a  boat,  by 
pushing  with  a  pole  against  the  bed  of  any  body  of 
shallow  water.  2.  To  carry  in  a  punt.  3.  In  football,  to 
give  a  punt  to  (the  ball).  II.  >'.  1.  To  go  hunting  or 
fishing  in  a  punt;  also,  to  propel  a  boat  by  pushing.  2. 
To  drive  a  ball  by  kicking. 

punl -',  vt.  To  play  at  faro  or  ombre;  gamble.  [<  F.  pontcr, 
<  ponte,  a  punt,  <  L.  punctum;  see  point,  n.\ 

punt,  n.  1.  A  flat=bottomed  boat,  usually  with  a  seat  in 
the  middle  and  a  well  or  seat  at  one  or  each  end,  for  use 
in  shallow  waters,  through  which  it  is  propelled  by  push- 
ing against  the  bottom  with  a  pole.  2.  A  barge  pro- 
pelled with  a  pole:  used  in  canals,  harbors,  etc.  3.  The 
kicking  of  a  dropped  football  before  it  strikes  tin- 
ground.     [<  AS.  punt,   <  ponto{n-)\  see  pontoon.] 

punt  'er1,  1  punt'ar;  2  punt'er,  n.     One  who  punts.     See 

PUNT1,    V. 

punt'er2,  n.    One  who  plays  at  ombre,  faro,  etc  ;  a  cambler. 
pun 'to,  1  pun'to;  2  pun'to,  re.    A  hit  or  thrust  In  fencing, 
pu'ny,  1  piu'm;2  pu'ny,  a.    [pu'ni-er;  i-u'ni-i  -i  ]  Weak 

and  insignificant;   small   and    feeble;    pett\        [■      OK. 

pulmt,  <  LL.  postnatus,  younger.)    Syn.:  see  small.  — pu'- 

ni-ly,  adv.  —  pu'nl-ness,  n. 
pup,  1  pup;  2  pup,  re.     The  young  of  various  carnivores,  as 

dogs  and  seals.    [Abbr.  of  potpi  1 
pu'pa,  1  piQ'pa;  2  pii'pa,  n.    [pu'p.e,  pi]    The  third  stage 

of  an  insect  thai  undergoes  a  metamorphosis,  as  oi  a 

butterfly;  the  stage  preceding  the  perfect   [nscot,  or  an 
insect  in  such  a  stage.      [I,.,  girl,  doll,  fern,   ol    p 
boy.]— pu'passlicll",  re.     A  landasnall  with  a   puplform 
shell—  pu  'pal,  a.     Of  or  pertaining   to  a  pupa,     pu  'pl- 
forin,  a.    Having  the  form  of  a  pupa, 
pu'pil',  1  piu'pil;  2  pu'pil,  ».    1.  A  person  of  eithei 
of  any  age  under  the  care  of  a  teacher ;  scholar;  learner. 

2.  (fit  Law.     A.  minor  who  is  under  the  age  of  pul 
and  has  ,-i  guardian,     |<   1-.  pupillus,  pupilla,  dim  oi 
pvpus,  boy,  /'»/"'.  girl.]   Syn.:  see  [tdbni 

— pu'plNage,  a.    The  state  or  being  a  pupil,    pu'pl-la- 
ry1,  </,     pu'pll-la-ry1}. 

pu'pil2,  n  The  opening  in  the  iris  of  the  eye,  by  nrhiob 
lighl  reaches  the  retina.  [<  L.  pupilla,  pupil  ol  tie'  eye, 
liin    :  iri  |    pu'pl-la-rj  , .;     pu'pii-ii 

pup'pei,  l  ptrp'et;2  pfip'et,  n.    1.  A  Bmall  ' 
human  l»  ing,  that  by  means  of  wirei  is  made  ; 
form  mool  drama      '■■  \  pi  rsoii    lavi  hlj   mbji  c(  to  the 
will  of  another;  a  tool.    3.  Meek.    \  poppi  '      my.  A 
(I, ,11     |.    OF.  poupeUe,  <  L.  pupa,  girl,  doll.]     pup'- 
pet'Show",  n.   a  mock  drama,  with  puppets  for  ih( 

pup'py,   1   ptrp'i;  2  I'ui.'v.  n      [v\  p'i  La 

young  ol   b  canine  mammal,  -•    N  ' "" 

temptibly  conceited  person:  a  Billy  fop     I      ' 
i    pupa, doll. puppet.]    pnp'py-lah.a     pupMpy>iam.n 

pur-,  por-,  prefix.    Bi  ■  ,  ,,. 

pur'hlind",  1  pur'bloind";  2  pin  'l.hnd ",  a      I.  Ailli.-i,  <i 


putrt-t) 


I  |         I  |     not.  or;  full.  rule;   l>til.  bOrn; 

iii  i  ■•  not.  in.  iron, 


632 


• 


1 

1 

II 

i 

which  is 

■ 


oty;   pi  . 

buj .  k->-i.  obtain, 

■  in  m.i.  In 

lull    w  II  ll    til.'    illf 

i  unci 

■  i  otnmon  life. 
' 
immunly 

•  :.    ".    .  :■.;■  »Ui'     »!1  '.   In   I  hi-  higher  range*  "f  IllOUglll   .il'l"  .il  - 

BMVt  MI    --'  ■   ■  ■•  ■  ■■■    '■•'•■■■;*     <  >ne  may  cither  buy  or  pur- 

I'Ul    w  llrll  our  f<vl- 

-  freedom  as  dearly 
dll.  -i> 
the  rendering  "Pvrt 

of,  exchange,  pul  t<> 

. 
from  a  time, 

pur'rli.i—  i-lil  •    .  pur  c  till  AT.  n. 

purr,  i  from  mixture;  containing 

.. .  unadulterated;  genuine. 

r.  Bni  '1     3. 
in  tinaspirated  con- 
1.  i.il  with  ur  aided  by  anything 

r.    i  • .  I.  "'  pttrut,  clean.] 

slcal.    clean,    clear, 

holy,  Immaru- 

-   simple, 

spotless,  stainless  ilterated,  unblemished,  un- 

tnpolluted,  un- 
tarnished, up- 
■  In  the 
strict  sen*-  tmlxture  of  any  kind; 

rnlfy  free  from 

we  speak,  of  water  as  p  ■  and  re- 

freshing, tho  It  may  contain  r. 
Uie  ::.  ■  '1  water  ('iqua 


pvra)  is  pure.     In  moral  ami  n  m   Is  ;i  strong 

•  .i  high  order;  one  Is 
■i'.iui  of  evil,  and  has  experienced 
no  touch  of  tem:>-  .'urt  who.  with  kie 

• 

larily  to  right  art  Ion,  pure 
to  right  feeling;  as,  "Blessed  ar.  heart:  for  they 

shall  neG  B  1  i'.i .;  r.-.< 

I,  dirty,  01th] 
Impure,  ind'  ed,  obscene,  polluted, 

stained,  su.  I  chaste,  uncli 

■  -  Prep.:  pun-    . 

irely  /rumi  taint,  evil,  etc. 
~- 1 n i •  •  it  pure.  .  •  ratine:    from  a  character, 

Btsawa  Pur.  .  for  a  Hi/. ,  by 

■    -  '•  ; 

iiur.'i).  .  pare'nesa,  n.    Purity. 

ick  soup,  as  of  vege- 

r  ] 

pur'H--.  .;     r*II;  2  purTl.  f.    >t  h'u.m.;  prit'Ki.iNo  ]    I.  I.    To 

.•■red   border;   border. 
1 1  i    pourjlUr. 

<  i.  pro,  before,  +  fllum,    ■  pur'fylT. 

pur'M.-,  n.    A  richly  pur'tllng:. 

I > i j r _:» ■ .  I.  r(.  6c  ti.     [pi  BOED;  PI  B 

1 .  -  impure,  f.,r- 

rpaftaous;  a] 

■ 
;. 

.   with  of  or  from       ■'..  thoroughly,  as 

r,y  a  purge  t.  To  clarify.    II. 

if  the  bowels; 

a  eathart;  a  or  operation.     \ -* 

\j  .  piir-it.i'iion.  ■      I.  The  act  or  process 

asby  oath,  ord'-al.  or 
combat  — pur'ga-tlT(e«.     I.  a.     Efficacious  In  purging. 


ii  n     .■•.  ■■.      pur'ga-to-ry,  fi     |-uica>,  p(.]    ft  C, 

made  nt   for 

piir'xa-to'rl-al,    .1        I. 

ulng  i«>  pun  '     i  ■  n.iini:  (•>  purge  troon  sin; 

pur  m-in  ii-.ui:.    purg'er.  n     One  who  or 

purg'ing,  n     !■  Any 

pu   rl-l>  ,  1  !■    •'•■■■•    :'  p  i  ii  p.    i  i  "!%••  ]     1.1 

I.  Tu  bdmisture  with  foreign  or  vitiating  ele> 

meni  '■■   i  i  or  its 

ileiileiiK hi     3.  i  moniiillj     II.  i     Togrow 

; •> i r . -  or  clean.     I  -.  I.  '  put  ifieo,  make  pun  ] 

I    pure    i.  line,  wash. 

mm.    rtiASTSN;  clkansi      ami .:  contamloati 
rnpt.  delwute,   defile,   deprave,   Infect,   make  foul,    | 

Vitiate       |>u"rl-ll-e.i'lloii.    n         pu  'rl-ll-ra"l  l\    e  >, 
po   rl-n-i  i    t  .-r>  :.      pu  'rl-ll"er.    . 

ru'rim,   1    rttu'run;  8  pn'riin.  a.      \  Jewish  festival  com- 
memorating the  defeat  of  Hainan's  plot  in  mi. air.-  the 
i  .1  ni. ..in  the  lai  "f  March      Heb.] 

pur '1st,  i  pint  :  i  2  purest,  r».  One  Bnicauy  insistent  on 
purity  ..i  diction  and  style  pur'lsin,  n  Extreme 
strictness  In  regard  to  Die  pur-ls'tlr, 

I'u  rl-(. m,  i  pio  n  ■  l.  a.    Pertaining  to 

the  Puritans     II.  a.  I.  One  of  a  sect  ol 
1 1  Protestants  i  1650)  who  advocated 
popular  rights  and  opposed  ritualism  and 
all  laxity  of  morals.  *.  One  of  the  Pilgrim 
r^  ..i  New  England.    3.  [p-]  one  who 
is  scrupulously  strict,  or  censorious  and  ex- 
acting in  his  religious  life.  -  Pu"rl-lan'lr, 
a-  pu"rl-tan'l-cal;.  —  pu"rl-tan'l-cal-ly,     r. 
I'u  'rl-lan-lsin,    n.      The  spirit.    doe- U* 
trines,  and  praetlses  of  the  Puritans;  religious   ?J*  vt< 
and  moral  BCrupulOU  -H|-^ 

pu'rl-f),  1  piu'n-ti;  2  pu'ri-ty,  n.  The  char-  u 
acter  or  state  ol  being  pun-,  in  any  sense 
[  <  I..1I'K  purtM,  pure  ) 
Syn.:  see  is\...  >  ni  ■;  \  at 

purl',  1  purl;  2  purl.  1.  ii.  To  flow  wit! 
a  bubbling  sound;  ripple.  II.  n.  \  gentle 
continued  murmur,  as  of  a  rippling  stream. 
(  <  Sw.  porta,  purl  ]    pirlf. 

purl.    I.  it.  AH,  I.  To  whirl,  or  cause  to  whirl, 

as  In  afl  eddy.  "i.  [Slang.]  To  overturn:  un- 
seat; capslae.  II.  n.  An  eddy.  1<  pukl1. 
r]  plrlt. 
purl1.  I.  rf.  1.  To  decorate  with  a  fancy  bor- 
der; purfle.  "-J.  in  knltUng,  to  make  (a  Btltch) 
backward,  seam-stitch.  II.  n.  1.  An  edge  of 
embroidery;  a  spiral  ol  gold  or  silver  wire. 

'.'.     \    -eam-silirh    in   knitting.     3.  A  plait  or 

fold,    as   In   a   garment.      4.  A  kind  of    ICth-century  lace. 

Of  I'l   KH.K] 

purl*,  n.     A  drink  made  of  beer  with  (formerly)  gin.  worm- 
wood, etc.;  later,  hot  beer  spiced.     [<   pkabl,  r.]  —  purl'» 
houseff>n.-  purl  'man,  n.    One  who  sells  purl, 
pur'lieu,  1  pur'liu;  2  pur'lu,  n.  pi.     1.  The  outskirts  of 
any  place,     '-if.   Forest    land   afterward   disafforested. 
purali  < .  a  going  through.] 
pur'llii.l  pur'liii;  2  pur'lln,  n.    .IrcA.    One  of  several  horlzon- 
mbere supporting  rafters     pur'UneS;  slde'  =  tlm"ber;. 
pur-loin ',1  p0r-loin';2  pur-loin',  it.  To  take  or  carry  away 

by  theft;  steal.  [<  OF.  i>urloi</nicr,  <  LL.  prolongo, 
PBOLONO.]  Syn.:  see  aiistkact;  steal.— pur-loln'er,  n. 
pur'plit'1',  1  pur'pl;  2  pur'pl.  I.  vt.  &  ti.  [i-i:k'pl(e)dp; 
pi  n'l'i.iNi; J  To  color  or  imbue  with  purple;  become 
purpl".  II.  a.  Of  the  color  of  purple.  III.  n.  1.  A 
color  of  mingled  red  and  blue,  between  crimson  and 

violet.  2.  Cloth  or  B  garment  of  this  color,  worn  for- 
merly by  sovereigns;  hence,  royal  power  or  dignity; 
rank;  wealth  3.  The  office  of  a  cardinal:  from  the  oili- 
eial  red  hat  and  robes;  also,  the  episcopal  dignity:  from 
i  irple  insignia.  [<  L.r  purpura,  <  Gr.  porphyra, 
purple.nhell.| — pur'pllsh,  a.  Somewhat  purple. 
pur'port,  1  poVpdrtj  2  pdr'port.  I'J.  vt.  &  vi.  To  con- 
vey as  the  meaning  intended;  signify;  mean;  imply.     II. 

n.    1.  That  which  is  conveyed  ,,r  suggested  to  the  mind 

meaning  intended;  import;  significance.     'I.  The 

ii,  etc  .  given  in  ot  her  than  the 

I   words.     [<  OF.  purporter,  intend,   <  pur-,  forth, 

+  porlir.  carry.]     Syn.:  see  PTJBPOSE;  (verb)  see  IMI'OUT. 

pur'posc,   1   pur'p.is;  2  pur'pos,  vt.  &  vi.     [puk'pohkd'; 

prit'poH-iNi;  ]     To  have  or  place  before  oneself,  as  an 

aim   or   intent;   determine,    resolve,   or   intend;    have   a 

.  design  or  determination.    [OF.,  <  L.  j>roj>oHitum, 

■■,.  before,  +  pono,  place. i    Syn.:  design,  determine,  in- 

mean,  propose,  resolve.     See  fbofobs. 

pur'pose,  1  pur'pos;  2  pur'pos,  n.     1.  The  idea  or  ideal 

kept  before  the  mind  as  an  end  of  effort  or  action;  plan; 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  habit^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;     lu  =  feud;    cliin,    go;    rj  =  sing;    Chin,    this. 
633       2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this. 


Purcell 
putrefy 


design;  aim.  2.  The  particular  thing  to  be  effected  or 
attained;  practical  advantage  or  result;  consequence; 
use.     3.  Settled  resolution;  determination;  constancy. 

4.  Purport;  intent,  as  of  spoken  or  written  language. 

5.  A  proposition;  proposal;  question  at  issue.  [OF.,  < 
L.  proposition,  <  propositus,  pp.  of  propono:  see  propound.] 

Syn.:  aim.  design,  determination,  drift,  end,  final  cause. 
Intent,  intention,  meaning,  motive,  object,  plan,  project, 
purport,  resolution,  resolve,  view.  Compare  aim;  cause; 
design;  end;  idea;  plan;  project;  reason;  service. — 
Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  act. — on  purpose,  with  previous 
design,  of  purposet. — pur'pose-ful,a.  Having  or  marked 
by  purpose;  intentional;  important;  significant,  -ly,  adv. 
-ness,  n. — pur 'pose-less,  a.  Having  no  definite  design  or 
use;  aimless.  Syn.:  see  faint. — pur'po-siv(es,  a.  Of,  per- 
taining to,  or  indicating  purpose.  -\y,adv.  -ness,  n. — pur'- 
pose-ly,  adv.    For  a  purpose;  intentionally,    on  purposet. 

purr,  1  pur;  2  pur.  I.  vi.  To  make  a  low  murmuring 
sound,  as  a  cat.  II.  n.  An  intermittent  murmuring 
sound,  such  as  a  cat  makes  when  pleased.     [Imitative.] 

purse,  1  purs;  2  purs.  I.  vt.  [pursed4;  purs'ing.]  1.  To 
contract  into  wrinkles  or  folds,  like  the  mouth  of  a 
purse;  pucker.  2.  To  place  in  a  purse;  treasure  up.  II. 
re.  1.  A  small  bag  or  pouch  of  leather  or  the  like,  for 
carrying  money.  2.  A  treasury.  3.  A  sum  of  money 
offered  as  a  prize.  [<  F.  bourse,  purse,  <  Gr.LL  bursa, 
hide.] — purse'snet",  n.  A  net  the  mouth  of  which  may  be 
closed  like  a  bag.  p.sseinet. — p.spride,  n.  Arrogance  due 
to  the  possession  of  wealth.  —  p. -proud,  a.  —  purs'er,  n. 
An  officer  having  charge  of  the  accounts,  etc.,  of  a  vessel; 
paymaster. — purs'er-shlp,  n. 

purs 'lane,  1  pOrs'lin;  2  purs'lan,  n.  A  prostrate  fleshy  annual 
of  gardens  and  waste  places,  with  reddish-green  stem  and 
leaves  and  small  yellow  flowers:  it  is  used  in  Europe  as  a 
salad,  but  regarded  as  a  weed  in  the  United  States.    [OF.] 

pur-sue',  1  par-siu';  2  pur-su',  v.  [pur-sued';  pur-su'- 
ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  follow  persistently,  with  the  purpose 
of  seizing  or  securing;  chase;  hunt.  2.  Figuratively,  to 
endeavor  persistently  to  attain  or  gain;  seek.  3.  To 
proceed  along,  as  a  course  or  path;  apply  oneself  to  or 
practise;  continue;  follow  up.    4f.  To  prosecute.    II.  i. 

I.  To  follow.  2.  To  continue;  proceed:  a  Gallicism.  3. 
Law.  To  prosecute;  sue.  [<  L.OF  prosequor,  <  pro, 
forward,  +  sequor,  follow.]    Syn.:  see  follow. 

— pur-su  'a-bl(ep,  a. — pur-su 'ance,  n.  The  act  of  pur- 
suing.— pur-su'ant.  I.  a.  Conformable.  II.  adv.  In  ac- 
cordance; agreeably;  conformably:  usually  with  to.  pur- 
su'ant-lyi. — pur-su 'er,  n. — pur-suit',  n.  1.  The  act  of 
pursuing;  a  chase.    2.  A  business;  vocation.    Syn.:  see  hunt. 

pur'sui-vant,  1  pur'swi-vant;  2  pur'swi-vant,  re.  1.  A 
herald's  attendant.  2.  A  royal  messenger  or  military 
attendant.    [  <  OF.  poursuivant.] 

purs'),  1  purs'i;  2  purs'y,  a.  Short-breathed;  asthmatic; 
fat.  [<  L.OF  pulso,  beat.]  Syn.:  see  corpulent. — purs'I- 
ness,  n.     The  state  of  being  short-winded:  fatness 

pu'ru-lent,  1  piu'ru-lent;  2  pu'ru-lfint,  a.  Consisting  of 
or  secreting  pus.  [  <  L.  purulentus,  <  pus,  pus.] — 
pu'ru-lence,  -len-cy,  n. 

pur-vey',  1  pur-ve';  2  pur-ve',  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  furnish  or 
provide  supplies.  2.  To  purchase  provisions;  provide. 
[<  L.of  provideo,  provide.]  pur'veyet.  —  pur-vey  'ance, 
n. — pur-vey 'or,  n.     One  who  purveys;  a  caterer. 

pur'view,  1  pur'viu;  2  pur'vu,  n.  Extent,  sphere,  or 
scope  of  anything,  as  of  official  authority  or  of  a  history. 
[<  OF.  pourvieu,  <  pourvoir,  purvey.] 

pus,  1  pus;  2  pus,  re.  A  secretion  from  inflamed  tissues, 
as  in  healing  wounds.    [L.,  <  V  pu  in  puteo,  rot.] 

l'u'sey,  1  piu'zi;  2  pu'sy.  Edward  Bouverle  (1800-1882). 
An  English  theologian  and  controversial  writer. 

push',  1  push;  2  push,  v.    I.  (.    1.  To  pnss  against  with 

lorn-;  drive  or  impel  by  pressure;  apply  steady  pressure 
tn  for  the  purpose  of  moving.  2.  To  urge  forward  or  pro- 
mote by  vigorous  and  persistent  effort  -;  prosecute  ener- 
getically. 3.  To  bear  hard  upon;  straiten;  perplex.  4. 
To  importune;  urge.    5||.  To  thrust  wit  h  t  he  horns;  gore. 

II.  t.     1.  To  exert  steady  pressure  in  moving  or  attempt- 
ing to  move  something:  opposed  to  draw,     2.  To  press 
forward;  advance  urgently;  hasten:  with  (Ml,  etc.    3.  To 
make  an  at  tac]    or  a  thrust,  as  with  horns.     I<  F    pou 
ser,  <  L.  putso;  see  pulse,  ».]     Syn.:  crowd,  drive,  expedite, 

force,   hasten,    Impel,   Importune,  press,    propel,    P" 

shove,  thrust,  urge.     See  DRIVE;   HUSTLE;  JAM;  PROMOTE 
Ant.:  see  draw.— push'er,    «.     push'lng,    pa.     1.   Pos- 
sessing business  enterprise  and  energy.    2.  Possessing  self" 

assurance  or  aggressiveness  .    -ly,  mh.      push  -ino'MIc,  // 
A  wheeled  platform  wdt  h  a.  handle  for  steadying   and  steer- 
ing used  by  children  as  a  toy. — p.<pln,  n,  A  children's  game 
in  which  pins  are  pushed  over  each  other 
push,  n.     1.  A  propelling  or  thrusting  pressor.  ;  n  pul  Ion  ■ 
as  opposed  to  attraction  or  pull:  a  shove.    2.  A  forcible 


assault  or  attack;  stroke.  3.  An  extremity;  trial;  exi- 
gency. 4.  [Colloq]  Determined  activity;  energy.  5. 
Mech.  Anything  pushed  to  cause  action,  as  a  button. — 
push 'shall",  n.  A  game  like  football  played  by  two  sides 
with  a  ball  6  feet  in  diameter  weighing  48  pounds. 

Push'kin,  1  push'kin;  2  push'kin,  Alexander  Sergeievitch 
(1799-1S37).    A  Russian  poet,  dramatist,  and  historian. 

pu"siI-lan'i-nious,  1  piu"si-lan 'i-mus;  2  pu"si-lan'i-mus, 
a.  1.  Lacking  strength  of  mind,  courage,  or  spirit.  2. 
Characterized  by  weakness  of  purpi  ise  or  lack  of  courage. 
[<  L.  pusillus,  very  little,  +  animus,  mind.]  Syn.:  cowardly, 
dastardly,  effeminate,  faint-hearted,  feeble,  mean-spirited, 
recreant,  spiritless,  timid,  timorous,  weak. — Ant.:  see  sj  a- 
onyms  for  brave. — pu"sil-la-nim'i-ty,  n.— pu"sll-lan'l- 
mous-ly,  adv.— pu"sll-lan'i-mous-uess,  n. 

puss,  1  pus;  2  pus,  n.  1.  A  cat:  a  pet  name;  also,  by  ex- 
tension, a  child  or  young  woman.  2.  A  hare  or  rabbit. 
[Perhaps  imitative  of  a  cat's  "spitting."] — pus'sy,  n.  [PU8'- 
siesz,  pi.]  Puss:  a  diminutive. — pus'sy  scat",  n.  1.  A  cat 
or  puss.  2.  Bot.  The  catkin  of  the  pussy-willow.— pussys 
foot,  vi.  To  tread  softly  and  stealthily  so  as  to  conceal 
one's  plans  or  movements. — p.nwlllow,  n.  Bot.  1.  A 
small  American  willow  with  silky  catkins  in  early  spring. 
glaucous  willow?.  2.  One  of  various  other  willows  bearing 
catkins. 

pus'tule,  1  pus'tiul;  2  pus'tul,  n.  A  small  circumscribed 
elevation  of  the  cuticle  with  an  inflamed  base  containing 
pus.  [ <  L.  pustula,  <  pus,  pus] — pus'tu-lant.  I.  a. 
Causing  pustules.  II.  n.  An  irritant  that  causes  pustules. 
— pus'tu-lated,  vi.  To  form  into  or  become  pustules. — 
pus'tu-late,  a.  Covered  with  pustules,  pus'tu-lari; 
pus'tu-laf'edt;  pus'tu-la-tousj;  pus'tu-Ioust. 

put1,  1  put;  2  put,  v.  [put;  put'ting.]  I.  I.  1.  To  set, 
lay,  or  place;  bring  into  or  move  in  any  place  or  posi- 
tion :  always  with  the  sense  of  motion.  2.  To  bring  into 
a  particular  state,  condition,  or  relation;  as,  to  put  a 
person  to  sleep  or  in  charge.  3.  To  commit;  entrust.  4. 
To  bring  to  notice  for  debate  or  consideration;  propose; 
advance.  5.  To  set  or  apply.  6.  To  express  in  words; 
render;  state.  7.  To  move  to  action;  constrain;  incite; 
urge.  8.  To  cast  or  throw  (a  weight)  with  upward  and 
forward  motion  of  the  arm.  II.  i.  1.  To  direct  one's 
course.  2||.  To  go  or  move;  run.  3f.  To  suppose  a 
case.    [<  AS.  potian,  push.] — put'ter1,  n. 

Syn.:  deposit,  lay,  place,  set.  Put  is  the  most  general 
term  for  bringing  an  object  to  some  point  or  within  some 
space,  however  exactly  or  loosely;  we  may  put  a  horse  in  a 
pasture,  or  pul  a  bullet  in  a  ride  or  into  an  enemy.  Place 
denotes  more  careful  movement  and  more  exact  location;  as, 
to  place  a  crown  on  one's  head,  or  a  garrison  In  a  city.  To 
lay  is  to  place  in  a  horizontal  position;  to  set  Is  to  plac<  in  an 
upright  position;  we  lay  a  cloth,  and  set  a  dish  upon  a  tabic. 
To  deposit  is  to  put  in  a  place  of  security  for  future  use;  as.  to 
deposit  money  in  a  bank;  the  original  sense,  to  lay  down 
(quietly),  is  also  common;  as,  the  stream  deposits  sediment. 
Compare  set.  For  phrases,  as  put  down,  see  conquer;  re- 
press; put  in  action,  effect,  or  operation,  put  throv 
effect;  pul  in  order,  see  prepare;  put  off,  ace  procrasti- 
nate; put  on,  see  assume;  put  to  death,  see  kill;  put  up 
with,  see  endure;  permit.     Compare  sir. 

put',  1  put;2  put,  vt.  &  vi.    Golf.   To  strike  (the  ball)  with 

a  putter,  as  when  playing  at  a  short  distance  from  the 

hole. — put'ter2,  re.    Golf.    An  upright  stiff  jhaf ted  club 

used  on  the  putting-green.  —  put'tiiigsgrccii,  //.    Coif.    The 
smooth  ground  within  twenty  yards  of  the  hole. 
put1,  n.    1.  The  act  of  putting,  in  any  sense, 

throw,  or  the  stroke  of  putting,  in  golf.  2.  A  game 
with  cards.  3.  [U.  8.1  A  contract  by  which  one  per- 
son, in  consideration  of  money  paid  to  another,  acquires 
the  privilege  of  silling  or  delivering  to  the  latter  within 
a  certain  time  some  article  named,  as  wheal  or  cotton, 
at  a  stipulated  price:  opposed  to  cow.    1.  A  thrust. 

put2,  n.    |I"rov.  Eng.]  A  rustic;  clown. 

pii-ta'mcii,   i   piu-te'men;  2  pu-ta'met lm'i-na, 

1  -tam'i-ne;  2 -tam'i-na,  p/.]    But.    The  hard  bons  Btonool 

certain  fruits,  as  the  cherry.  [I...  waste,  a  hUBK,  •  puto. 
cleanse,  prune. |      pil-tani  'l-noiis. 

pu'ta-tlv(esi  1  piu'te-tiv;  2  pQ'ts  tlv,  a,    Supposed;  re- 

d;n  putt  'I    I  •    I-',  putoti  f, 
put 'log",  1  put'lorput'lleg";    I  put  tUdtng. 

a  crossplece  in  b  scaffolding,  Its  lni  Ing  In  ■  hole 

in  the  wall  ami  Its  outer  on  a  ledgt  i 
Put'nam,  1   put'nem    3  pQt'nam,  Israel  (1718  1700)     An 

American  Rev  rfUtl  II  lUCI  "'  >ld  Put  " 

Piit'nik,  i  put'nlk;  2  put'nllc,  Cadomlr. 

defeated    vustt  lana   at    Jedar,  Md    Mullen 

Heights,  Dec    3  7,  191  I 
pu'tre-fy,  i 

,-.>.  \      I i h   fetid  ndoi 

[<  I.."1  putreo,  be  putrid,       -  pu'trl-fj    , 

Syn.:  become  corrupt,  pu  a.  corrupt,  dt 


I>u(rl.l 
quail 


|>U-l 

I'll  in 


l>ni   i. 


hit.  |x.!l  a  -'V    not.  Or.   full.  rule,    hut,  I.Orn; 

i  iii  i  .11    q6I     in .  »rtn, 


Ml 


I 


■ 
I    l-l  ,  .  pu    irl.ln. 

I     rf  ] 

put    Hi     ;  pill    l>    - 

I 

..irrlcr 
I 

II. 

Il  III.', |    l||l    | 
\    "ll.llt;ir\ 

ilotnbia,  end  Peru;  length, 


Pu"»l»'  dr  »  ha"»auii,  «'.  ;    iM    .!. 

I'll  rr, 
pu> .  hill  of  volcanic  origin. 

pu/   :\<  .  I-  »;  PI  z'- 

l .  mj  itifi  .  i"  be  per- 

rung  perplex- 
;.  •  ntangle.    4. 

."..  •   some- 

ll.        I.  \  thing  difficult 
tin;    perplexing  problem     '-'.    \ 
• e  ii  i.- 

pni   /!•  -in.  hi  .  |iu/  '/li-r,   . 

pwt..  Pi  an)  weight. 

ll.ll.IV  U  l>. 

\l.  Km  I  M.  (18C8-      ). 
"Maxim  ( lorkl." 

rya>ma  U-on,  i  ii-.ui.  n.    Or.  Myth. 

aid  fell   in  love  with  his  statue, 
life. 
p>  x'm>  .  ■■  as  ri'.MV. 

P>-Ja  'mas.  n   pi     [Anglo»ImL]    Pajamas. 
Pjl'a-.l--.  •    Myth.    A  friend  of 

P)   Ion.    .  Ion.     1.  A'i/.w'-  Area.  A  monu- 

a;i\      2.  Aero   (1)  A  stoke  rnark- 

\  tower  from 

[Gr.] 

pj-lu'ru-.  '  py-tor  p?-110'rQ3.  n.     [-hi. 

1  -ml:  2  -rl.  pi]    'I  tomacb.  and  the 

«m«n  inte>p  is  portion  ..f  the  stomach. 

■:  Or.  p'jldros.  lit.  '.  <  pyli,  gate,  +  Ora, 

care.  <  P>  -lof  i.  . 

J. .Im  An  English  states- 

man: leader 
p)  r  a-mld,  1  i  ..-'  :-:n[il,  n.    1.  A  solid  struc- 

■wth  a  square  base,  and  with  triangu- 
tn  an  apex.     '.'.  !i.l  bounded 

me  for  its  base  and  triangular  planes 


p    \  . 

.>  .  • .  Bjre  bald* 
I  .'-Il  kc 


raids  of  <  ;ni- 

/.  .•  h.     h  h  0  wlnn 
Sphinx     In     f..r.- 

tlon  Of  th.    ' 
Pyramid. 


me 

in  ■■ 
calli 

vari- 

eal 

-  I< 
i 
amid, 

p>-ram  'l-dal. 

mld.p>r"»-mld  'lr:; 

p>r"a-nild'l-ral:. 

P>r'a-mus.     1     plr'a- 

2    pyT'a-mus. 

'  1th.     The 

■     • 

P>ri-,  |  pair;  2  pfi  rranged 

.  burning  pile.    I  < 

■■ 


- 


:   '->.    qu«ro'i    chmail>«r;   r.    klr.r'e 
*.»a}b«n  to  rtllvr*  pn«ure; 
rtriUaton:/,  »  wbterraw r.  * 


r> '  ■  -ii.  .  -.  n,  /if.    a  mountain  chain 

point,  Pie  .i.    Netliou 
i  i.iim  ti      Pj  i   ...     hi. 

I.         |,    \ 

•    n dial  In 

ii 

p>  r   i-l,.riii.   I    pli  if  Bd.     (• 

p)  nil .  ii  hi  'i  i  -.  l  pi  rol'Ui . :.' 

\  d  sulfur,  ol  a  pale 

.  in.  |    I nron 

p    ii  ii-:;  py-rl'teet.    py-rlile,  a     >  >f  m  like  pyrlte 

pi  r   l-i    ii 

pj  ro-i  I  ]  i  rom  '  Ireeli  ;>v . 

P)r-,     ( fir     combining  pyTO  ftraph( 

produced,  is  on  wood,  b  py-rog'ra- 

pii.  r.        pi  -rn«  r.i-ph) .        ["he  art  or  process  of  produc 
■  ood  or  leather,  bj  n  red«hol  point  or  fine 
ihiini-      p>  "ni-lli!  iii-oii-..         Pertaining  to  thai  ■••• 

i.'.  di )  .ii  itlllatlon     I  |    i. 
py-rol'o-gy,  n     I.Thi    dentine  examine 
tion  of  bodies  b]  heal ;  blow  pipe  analysis    'ii-  The  branch  ol 
of  heal      p)"ni-liiK 'i-iai.  a     PF'ro- 
m.i ii ■  <\ .  •      Divination  bj  Bre     I  •    «.r   mantela,  < 
tinii  ]    py-rom'e-ter,  n      An  Instrument   lor  mi 
high  degreeH  or  heat;  n  high-temperature  thermometei 
p>  'ro  scope,  •      \  n  Instnuneni  for  measuring  the  Intensltj 

of  lieal-ra.llallon. 
p>  ruti-ili..  I--,  ml.-,  hull-. 

i>)  "ro-teefa  'uie,  a  Pertaining  to  Draworka  or  t ii.-ir  manufac- 
ture      p>  "ro-teeli  nl-ial: .      [•     PTBO-    •    <  .r   terfllU,  art. I 

pj  "ru-ti-rii '  1 1 1  <•  ■> .  n.  The  an  of  making  or  using  Draworka; 

pyrotechny.     p>  *ro-teeh  'nlst,  n.    One  who  manufacture 

or  oonducts  displays  ol  Draworka     p>  'rii-iei-ir'nj ,  n     I. 

Same  as  ptboti  •  hnii  s.    -.  The  use  of  Ore  in  the  mechanical 

arta    .1.  Surg.  Cauterisation  by  a  hot  Iron     py-rox'y-Iln, 

ri.     An  explosive  substance  formed  by   nitrating  cotton, 

wood,  paper,  etc    .      -  wood.] 

p>r'riia,  i  pi:'...  2  pyr'a  '    Or.  Muifi.  The  daughter  of  Epl- 

metheus;  wife  of  Deucalion    Bee  i  >i  i  i  ti  ion 
pyr'rhic1,  1  i>ir'ik:  ■;  pyr'h-     Anc  Pros,  I. a.    Of,  pertaining 

to,  or  composed  of  pyrrhloa    II.  "     A  f.».i  oomposed  ..' 

two  Bhon  Byllablea    i-    <;r.  purrhichinn.  <  pyrrMehti  Bee 

PTRRBIC*.]     |>>  r-rlileli'l-u-;. 
P)r'rhle:.    Or  Ann/    I.  a.    Notmg  a  martial  dance  In  which 

the  movements  Deeeaaar]  to  :i-^aii  and  avoid  an  enemj 

wen  Imitated.    II.  n.  The  pyr- 

rhlc  dance.     [<  (lr.  pvrrhWlt,  a 

war-danee.  <    fi/rrhtchos,    I'vr- 

rhlchus.  the  Inventor  I 
Pjr'rlio,   1   plr'o:  2  pyr'o,  n.     A 

( ;ni-k   skeptic   and   philosopher 
Pyr'rlio- 

iiNiu,  n.   The  system  of  univer- 
sal skepticism  taughl  by  Pyrrho, 
Pj  r'rlio-nlst.  n, 
Pjr'rliu>.    1    plr'os;   2  pyr'us.  n. 
8181  -7-  B  i '    Elngof  Eptrus; 

Invaded  B.  Italy.      Pyr'rhic', 

a.  — Pyrrhic  victory,  one  gained 

at  a  ruinous  loss,  such  as  that  of 

Pj  (Thus   over  the   Romans    at 

N  '    !    '!1     '  ''  '     '  Python      Vjo 

Py-tbag'o-ras,  1  pvfhag'o-rse;  2  r,u™11,      '" 

pv-thiig'o-ras.  n.  A  <;reek  philosopher  of  the  6th  century 
B.C.  P>-tliag"o-rc'an,'i.  A  n. — Py-lliaK"«-re'an-lsm, 
n.    Tin-  mystical  philosophy  taught  by  Pythagoras. 

Pyth'l-an,  1  plfh'i-en;  2  pytiri-an    I.        ReUrtlngto  Delphi, 
io  Apoiios  temple  there,  Its  oracle,  or  priestess,  II.  n.  A  na- 
tive or  Inhabitant  of  Delphi;  specif.,  th<-  priestess  of  Ipollo 
Pj  iiiian  Kaiiii-s.  games  in  hi  every  four  years  in  ancient 
( ireece,  ol  vi  hlcfa  musical  contesl  s  were  a  feature. 

Pytii'i-as,  l  plth'i-se;  2  pyth'1-as,  ».    Bee  Damon. 

py'thon,  1  pai'tnen;  2  py'tlu'm,  n.  I.  A  large  nonrveno- 
mous  serpent  that  crusnes  its  prey  in  its  folds;  especially, 
an  Old  World  serpent  related  to  the  boas.  _  See  illus. 
above,    'i-    v-   tnsayer  or  soothsaying  spirit.    8«  1 1'-] 

1  Myth.      A  monstrous   serpent    produced    I. 

(Earth),  which  haunted   the  caves  of   Parnassus.     It 

-lain  by  Apollo  near  Delphi.  II..]  py'tho-ness,  n. 
The  priestess  of  the  Delphic  oracle,  py-lhon'lc,  a.  1. 
.if  or  Uki   pythons  or  a  python    'i.  Inspired;  prophetic. 

pyi,  1  pike;  2  pyks,  n.  i.R  C  ••  V  vessel  in  which  the 
host  i-  preserved.  2.  A  receptacle  for  coins  at  the  Brit- 
i-h  mint.    I  <  Gr.Lpj/j-i«,  box,  <  pyxok,  boxwood.] 

p>x'ls.  1  plks'ls:  2  pyks'is,  «.  [PTX'I-DES,  1  -i-dlz:2-i-de8.  pi.] 
1.  A  box  or  pyx;  especially,  an  ancient  form  of  ornamental 
tollei-t.ox.  a.  An  emollient  ointment.  3.  Hot.  A  capsule  or 
seed'Vessel  with  transverse  dehiscence,  the  upper  portion 
rating  au  a  lid,  as  In  the  common  purslane.  py\-ld'l- 
um.*.  4.  The  socket  of  the  hip-bone.  a.  A  lawMortoisc  of 
Mauritius  an. l  Madagascar     [L.;  see  fix.] 


«.?<;         I:a«.ffinfi:    u~>habu,^-iairSle,,;    au  =  0"t;     •,  i    IQ  =  f«"d;    Cliin;    go;    rj  =  sinB;    fhin,    this.  putrid 

b«f5        3- wolf,  dft;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  quail 


0 


QqRc 


<©t) 


Black 
Letter. 


9 


Script. 


Q,  q,  1  kiu;  2  kii,  n.  [ques,  Q's,  or  Qs,  1  kiuz;  2  kits.,  pi.] 
A  letter:  the  seventeenth  in  the  English  alphabet. 

Q.,  abbr.  Quebec,  Queen,  Quintus,  Quirites. — Q.,  qu.,  ques., 
abbr.  Question. — q.,  abbr.  Quasi,  query,  quintal,  quire. — 
q.  d.,  abbr.  [L.]  Quasi  clicat  (as  if  he  should  say),  quasi 
dictum  (as  if  said),  quasi  dixissel  (as  if  he  had  said). — q.  e., 
abbr.  [L.J  Quod  est  (which  is) . — q.  e.  d.,  abbr.  [L.]  Quod 
erat  demonstrandum  (which  was  to  be  demonstrated). — 
q.  e.  f.,  abbr.  [L.]  Quod  erat  faciendum  (which  was  to  be 
done). — q.  e.  1.,  abbr.  [L.]  Quod  erat  inveniendum  (which 
was  to  be  found  out). — q.  !.,  abbr.  [L.]  Quantum  libel  (as 
much  as  is  agreeable). — ql.,  abbr.  Quintal. — Q.  M.,  abbr. 
Quartermaster. — qni..  abbr.  [L.]  Quomodo  (in  what  man- 
ner, by  what  means,  how). — Q.  M.  G.,  abbr.  Quartermas- 
ter=general. — q.  p.,  q.  pi.,  abbr.  [L.]  Quantum  placet  (as 
much  as  seems  good). — qr.,  abbr.  [qrs.,  pi.]  Quadrans 
(L.,  farthing),  quarter  (weight  or  measure),  quire. — Q.  S., 
abbr.  Quarter=sessions. — q.  s.,  abbr.  Quantum  sufficit  (L., 
as  much  as  suffices),  quarter=section. — qt.,  abbr.  Quantity. 
quart". — qts.,  abbr.  Quarts. — Qu.,  abbr.  Queen. — qu., 
quar.,  quart.,  abbr.  Quarter,  quarterly. — qu.,  ques., 
abbr.    Question. — qu.,  qy.,  abbr.    Query. 

quack1,  1  kwak;  2  kwak,  vi.    To  utter  a  quack.    [Imit.] 

quack2,  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  false  or  unfounded  pretensions, 
as  to  medical  skill.     [  <  quack1.] 

quack1,  n.    A  croaking  sound,  as  of  a  duck. 

quack2,  n.  A  pretender,  as  to  medical  skill;  a  charlatan. 
quack'salv"erf.  Syn.:  charlatan,  empiric,  humbug,  im- 
postor, mountebank. 

— Ant.:  adept,  expert,  master,  regular  practitioner. — quark, 
a. — quack'er-y,  n.  [-iesz,  pi.]  Ignorant  or  fraudulent  prac- 
tise, quack 'hood  t;  quack'ismt. — quack  'i>h.  a.  -ly,  adv. 

quad,  1  kwod;  2  kwad,  n.  [Colloq.  or  Slang.]  A  quadrangle  or 
court,  as  of  a  college  or  prison;  hence,  a  prison. 

quad.,  abbr.     Quadrant,  quadrat,  quadrate,  quadruplex. 

quadr-,  1  kwedr-;  2  kwadr-      See  quadri.      , 

Quad"ra-ges'i-ma,  1  kwed"r8-jes'i-ms;  2  kwad"ra-g6s'i- 
ma,  n.  The  forty  fast'days  before  Easter;  Lent.  [L.LL 
fortieth.]—  Quadragesima  Sunday,  the  first  Sunday  of 
Lent.— quad"ra-ges'l-mal,  a. 

quad'ran"gl(ep,  1  kwed'rarj"gl;  2  kw:jd'rarv"gl,  n.  1. 
Geom.  A  plane  figure  having  four  sides  and  four  angles. 

2.  A  court,  square  or  oblong,  as  within  a  public  building. 
[<  L.  quadra  no ulus,  <  qualtuor,  four,  -f-  angulus,  angle.]  — 
quad-ran'gu-lar,  a.     Having  four  angles;  four=cornered. 

quad 'rant,  1  kwod'rant;  2  kwad'rant,  n.  1.  The  quarter 
of  a  circle,  or  of  its  circumference.  2. 
An  instrument  having  a  graduated  arc 
of  90°,  with  a  movable  radius  for  measur- 
ing angles  on  it,  especially  a  nautical  in- 
strument for  measuring  the  altitude  of 
the  sun,  now  superseded  by  the  sextant. 

3.  Elec.  The  henry:  an  old  name.  [OF., 
<  L.  quadran(l-)s,  <  qualtuor,  four.]  — 
quad  'ran- tal,  a. 

quad 'rat,    1    kwed'rat;    2    kwad'rat, 
Print.    A  piece  of  type=metal 
the  letters,  used  for  spacing:  abbreviated 
quad.    [OF. ;  see  quadrate.] 

quad'rate,  1  kwed'ret;  2  kwad'rat,  v.  [qxiad'uat-ed11; 
quad'rat-in<;.]  Il|.  t.  1.  To  divide  into  quarters.  2. 
Naut.  To  square,  adjust,  or  dispose  (a  gun)  on  its  car- 
riage. II.  i.  To  correspond  or  agree;  square. — quad'- 
rate.    I.  a.     Square;  four-sldcd:  as  a  muscle.     II.  n.     1. 

Anal.  (1)  A  bone  suspending  the  lower  jaw  in  certain  verte- 
brates. (-)  a  quadrate  muscle.  '!■  Astrol.  An  aspect  of  the 
heavenly  bodies  in  which  they  are  distant  from  each  oilier 
90°.  3.  Mas.  (1)  A  breve.  (2)  A  natural  ft).  *t«Asquare. 
[<  OF.  quadrat,  <  I..  quadraXus,  pp.  of  qumim,  square.] 
quad-rat 'ie.     I.  a.     Pertaining  to  or  resembling  a  square. 

II.  n.  Alg.  1.  An  equation  of  the  ser.nn]  degree,  it  is 
a  pure,  simple,  or  Incomplete  quadratic  when  n  eon- 
tains  only  the  second  power  of  i lie  variable,  a  complete  or 
adfected  quadratic  when  it  contains  also  the  first  power, 
2.  pi.  The  part  of  algebra  thai  treats  of  quadratic  equations, 

—  quad"ra-furc,  n.      1.  Mail/.  Tin-   finding  In  Hi|ii:ire  men 

sure  of  the  area  of  any  bounded  surface,  as  of  b  clrole.    The 

exact  quadrature  of  the  circle  Is  now  admitted  to  be  Im- 
possible. 2.  Astron.  A  I'hiis.  a  difference  of  phase  or  posi- 
tion of !»()".  or  a  quarter  of  a  vibration, 
quad-rcn'ni-al,  1  kwed-ren'i-sl;  2  kwad-rSn'i-al,  <>.  I. 
( lecurring  once  in  four  years.  2.  Comprising  four  years. 
[<  L."'  qualtuor,  four,  +  annus,  year.] 


Gunners' 
ower  than   Quadrant. 


quad  H-, )  1  kwed'n-;  2  kwad'ri-.    From  Latin  qualtuor, 
quadr-,     (four:  combining  forms. — quad"ri-lat'er-al. 

I.  a.  Formed  or  bounded  by  four 
lines;  four=sided.    II.  a.     1.  Geom.  A 

figure  formed  from  four  straight 
lines.  (1)  A  ligure  bounded  by  four 
straight  linos  terminated  at  four 
angles.  (2)  In  modern  geometry,  e 
figure  formed  of  four  infinite  straight 
lines,  having  six  Intersections.  '-'. 
Mil.  A  space  defended  by  four  en- 
closing fortresses.  [4-  I.,  lotus,  side  ] 
— quad"ri-lit'er-al,  n.  A  word  or 
root  containing  four  letters  or  four 
consonants  u.m .■*.*.»■,»„  «n.,:  - 

qua-anlle',  1  kwa-dnl  ;  2  kwa-dril'.  ■"'.  '< 

n.  1.  A  square  dance  for  four  or  D*c>  <*f&*»  in»»driutw»l, 
more  couples.  2.  Music  for  such  T^^SLf'Ii.RB^. 
a  dance.  ,{.  A  game  of  cards  iwrfiaconais  or  u<n;  a.it.i. 
played  by  four  persons  with  a  i,! 
pack  of  40  cards.  [F.,  <  Sp.  cuadrillo,  dim.  of  cuadro, 
square,  <  L.  quadrum.  <  qualtuor,  four.] 

quad-ril'lion,  n.  A  cardinal  number:  (1)  In  the  French  and 
United  States  system  of  numeration,  1  followed  by  15 
ciphers.  (2)  In  the  English  system,  1  followed  by  24 
ciphers.     [F.,   <  quatre,  four;  and  see  million.] 

quad"ri-no'mI-al,  a.  Alg.  Having  four  terms.  [<  qi'adbi- 
+  L.  nomen,  name.]— quad"ri-par'tlte,  a.  consisting  of 
or  embracing  four  parts.  [+  L.  partitus,  divided.]— quad"- 
ri-syl'la-bKeP.  n.    A  word  of  four  syllables. 

quad-roou',  1  kwed-run';  2  kwad-rdon',  n.  A  person 
having  one=fourth  negro  and  three-fourths  white  blood. 
[<  Sp.  cuartcron,  <  cuarto,  fourth.] 

quad'ru-,  1  kwod'ru-;  2  kwad'rti-.  Same  as  qi  u>iu-.— 
Quad-ru'ma-ua,  n.  pi.  An  order  of  quadrumahous  ani- 
mals, including  monkeys.  [+  L.  manus,  band.]-  quad'- 
ru-mane,  n.  quad'ru-mant.  quad-ru'ma-nous,  o. 
Four»handed;  having  all  four  feet  hand-like,  as  monkeys, 
— quad'ru-ped.  I.  a.  Having  four  feet.  II.  n.  An  ani- 
mal having  four  feet;  especially,  a  four-footed  mammal.  I  1 
L.  pes,  foot.]—  quad-ru 'pe-dal,  a.—  quad'ru-pl(e<*.  I. 
vt.  &vi.  ]-pl(e)dP;  -I'LINO.]  To  multiply  by  four;  In  come 
quadruple.  II.  a.  1.  Consisting  of  four  united  or  of  four 
parts;  fourfold.  2.  Multiplied  by  four.  III.  n.  A  number 
or  sum  four  times  as  great  as  a  given  amount,  quadru- 
plet, n.  1.  A  compound  or  combination  of  lour  things  or 
Objects,  as  springs,  joined  or  acting  as  one.    quar-lel ';.    ■>. 

One  of  four  born  of  the  same  Uier  ai  one  birth       quad'- 

ru-plcx.     I.  a.     Fourfold:  used  specifically  of  a   telegraph 
system  BUCh  thai  four  messages,  two  in  each  direction,  may 
be  simultaneously  sent  over  one  wire.     II.  n.     An   instru- 
ment used   in   quadruplex   telegraphy.      |  I     plico,    fold  | 
quad-i'u'pli-cate.    I.  vt.    [-cat*ed*;-cat'INQJ    To  double 

twice;  quadruple.    II.  a.   Math.   Fourfold,    III.  »     i  of 

four  like  things. — quad-ru"pli-ca'(lou,  n. 

qute're,  1  kwl'rl;  2  kwe're,  n.    Literal!] .  so  h    Inquln 

notation  inserted,  as  in  law  reports.     Compare  oi  i  hv    [L  I 

qutcs'tor,  n.    Classical  form  of  QUESTOR. 

quaff',  1  kwtif;  2  kwaf,  vt.  A  vi,  To  drink,  especially  with 
relish    or   copiously:   now   chiefly    poetic,      l«     Gael. 

cuacli,  cup]     qualf'or,  ;/.      quaffing,  ;:.    -I>,  adv. 
quag'ga.    1    kwag';>:  2  kwag  a,   ;/.      A   SoiiiIi- \fi  i.an   equine 

mammal  Intermediate  between  the  ass 
ami  the  zebra  ami  resembling  the  lat- 
ter:   probably    extinct.      [Hottentot 

live). | 

quag'gy,    1     kwag'i;    2    kwag'y,    a. 

\  ielding  to  or  quaking  under  i  he 

foot ,  as  soli ,  wei  earl  li ;  1 1<  - 

quatj'mlrc",  1  kwag/moir*;  :.'  kwag* 

mir",   n.      1.   Marshy  ground  i  bat 

gives  way  undei  the t;  bog     2. 

\  diflicull  situation,    [<  qi  \m    i  unut,  n.]    <|iiag'- 

mlred,  ./      quag'mlr"yt. 

qua'haug,  I  kwfl'hag  or  kws-hSgJ    11       I 
The  round  clam  of  the  Atlantic  ooasl  of  North  America 
[Abbr.  ■     \'n   led   poquauhock  i    co'hogti  qua'bogt. 

quaigli,  1  kW?H    "  I  '••■  hi.  n     [Boot.]     \  small  eiii Il 

Oael  euaeh.]    qualchtt  quoghts  quplebt- 
quail.  1  kwfil;  2  kwftl,  i     I  .  I    l.Tocausoto  sni  ml 

courage    '-'■  1      >>'• « I !i     II.  i    I.  To 

trial  .a  pain    '-'■  To  decline;  slai  in,  die  | 

quail,  7i      I.   Vn  Old  World  bird    lar  to  the  partridge, 

having  a  verj    hort  tail,  and  valued  for  the  table     '-■  \ 
bob  wnitt  ••■    irnilai  bird       •  e  bob*whi  n      S||<  Aproa 

tltUte.      I       I  >l     -;'"//'/-   I 


ijtu  «r 


i  j  1 1 .» k  > 


u  41 

ljll.ll    !-l  1  . 

I         i. 


1    o 


i    . 

. 
Mini  I).  qualm  Dens, 

I. 

II.  \  lUllUM 

■linkc  | 

. 

■  ,il.ik    .  r.  I 

i  ■      IlKiili- 

Quaker    tiiii        iju  ik  ir-r>.,   n       \    female 

1  i-h.     rl-  in.    t J 1 J  ik    .  r-li  .  (,»u  il     I  r-Mi, 

-I>.  (Jii.iker- 

'  the  1  rlcnd  •      quail  'et 


rl     fat    farn;    fr*.t  .   f*t.  pro  I  1  ••      fci   full,  rfll.-;   bOt,  hOm; 

,      ,        ,  ,     ,  .         1     1       1  1  0     "    "     .win.       IN 

ipiirnl.        1.  in  unfriendly,  ingry.  or  violent  dispute. 
j.  A  falling  out  1  fix  ol  uniitj     .'t.  1  be 

oompltunt  I 
.  1  mi-,  br»«  1.  broach,  broil, 
.  , 
dlfputi  falllim   out,    feud  .    fu*«. 

(angle,  )ar.  quarrollng.  rupture,  scone, 

squabble,  strife,  tumult,  ••  I  quarrel  im  hi 

word  hi  and  Iran 

we  ■peak  ol  chlldl  but  quarrel  ma]  denote  the 

'in,i  of  eontentlo 1  so  be  deep  and 

rii, im  ■  ma]   be  in  word  or  d<  1  d 

Involve*  aomo  form  of  action      Contai 

Is  often  used  In  a  s I  senso.  contention  t  rarel] 

.  ommonl)  In  word  1    from 

verbal  of  ari  bratd, 

rel,  are  wonls  of   InfcrlOl    'I 'I'nii  1        \u 
tlJTr,: 

Involvce  phj  leal  force;  the  DratcJ  it  iumi  maj  be  confined 

1,  ni  language      See   iltercation;  ,     Ant     ao 

amity,  oonoord,  harmony,    pacification,   peaoi 

onollement,  reconciliation      Prep     :i  quarrel  wUh  (rarely 

m  in,  r 

■  lii.ir  ril-rr.  quar  'rcl-lcr ; .      c|ii:ir  'rel — .inin-.   a. 

in,  I'M,  ,1  to  quarrel;  contentious.   -I>. "</<.   -ness,  // 
qaar-rel  ,  •      i.   \  darl  01  arrow,  with  a  four*edged  bead, 
formerly  used  with  :i  crossbow      -.  A  graver,  stonemasons' 
.  ,,r  other  iih'I  bavins  :i  Beveral*edged  point     S,  Bame 

as  QUaRBT*.      [OF.,  II..   quaitrtllus,    <    I,.   qmulrum,  11 

square,  •    qvattuor,  four  | 
ci uar 'rel »  ,  n.    v  quarry. 
<in:ir'r>,  l  kwori;  2  kwar'y,  et.    [quab'bied;  quab'bt- 

ini..|    To  out,  1 1  in,  or  t :  l  k  •  ■  1 11  in  1  m  as  from  a  quarrj 
quar-'ry1,    n.      [qi  lb'bies1,    ;■' |      \h   excavation   from 

whioh  atone  is  taken  by  cutting,  blasting,  oi  the  1  i  1^ .  ■ 
quar'ry-.     I  .  vt,     To  take  by  violence.     II.  ».     1.  A 

■  or  bird  bunted,  seised,  <>r  killed,  as  in  the  chase; 
game;  prt  j  now  chiefly  poetical.  "'.  Anything  hunted, 
slaughtered,  ur  eagerly  pursued  -i\.  A  beap  or  pile  of 
slauj  ntered  I  ivm,  bide  ] 

qnar'ry',  n.    [QnAB'RDB*,  pi.]    1.  A  square  or  losenge     t.  \ 
.siiKiii  square  or  losenge«naped  pane  ol 
glass,  ni"'.  etc.    -i.  Archery.  A  quarrel. 

1  >l  .  quiirn .    <     L.    quadrille 
Q1  Mi-  mi   !    (|  liar  'rel;. 
quart1)  1  kwert;  2  kwart,  t».     1.  A 
ure  of  capacity;  the  four!  1>  pari 
of  a  gallon,  or  two  pints.    '1.  A  vessel , 
ii  K  capacity.    '.t.  Mus.  A  fourth.  ■ 
[  <    F.    (jiinrti1,    <    L.    quartus;   see 
i  a1,  n.) 
quart-,    1    kurt:   2   kiirt.   tt.     1.  Fencing. 
Bame  as  carte.     'I.  in  piquet,   a  se- 
quence Ol  ("iir  <:ir<ls  of  the  same  suit. 
I 

quartan.  1  kweVtsn;  2  kwar'tan.    I. 

a.  Pertaining  to  the  fourth  in  a  series;  especially,  oc- 
curring every  fourth  day.  II.  n  A  malarial  fever  in 
which  the  paroxysms  recur  every  fourth  day,  reckoning 
inclusively.  |  <  F.  quartaine,  <  L.  quartanus,  < 
quartus;  see  quarteb1,  n.\ 
quartr,  n.  Fencing.  Bame  as  i  irte».  [p.] 
quar'fer,  1  kwer'1  ..r;  2  l.w.u'i er,  v.    I.  (,    1.  To  divide  ur 

separate  into  four  equal  parts  or  quarters,     'i.  To  CUf  or 

break  in  parts  or  pieces;  specif.,  to  dismember.  3.  To 
divide  into  regions,  compartments,  or  the  like.  4.  To 
rant-  over;  pa  -  from  point  to  point  of,  as  a  hunting* 
don  K'"  over  a  Geld.  5.  To  furnish  with  quarters;  pro- 
vide or  find  accommodations  for.     <»§.  To  furnish  or 

(leal  oill  a.-*  a  .-liar,-  or  portion;  allot       7.  //■  ill)  To  bear 

or  arrange  (a  coal  or  coats  of  arms)  quarterly  upon  a 
shield  or  escutcheon,  (2)  To  divide  (a  Bhield)  into 
quarters  by  vertical  and  horizontal  lines.  II.  i.  1.  To 
be  in  quarters;  have  a  residence,  'J.  To  shift  from  point 
I-,  point ;  change  position;  also,  to  range  a  field,  as  a  dog 
rch  of  game,  •!.  '1  o  b  kve  thi  wind  on  the  quarter, 
qtiar'tcr,  a.    1.  Being  one  oi  four  equal  parts,    'i.  Having 

ndard  \  alue. 
qnar'ter1,  n.    1.  One  of  four  equal  parts  into  w  hich  any- 
thing is  or  may  be  divided;  a  fourth  part.   Specifically: 
i     i  he  fourth  ol  a  hundredweight;  by  the  old  reckoning, 
28  pounds;  now  frequently,  26  pounds.    (2)  [Eng.]  A  fourth 
of  a  ton  (as  ol  "ran,'  or  of  a  chaldron  'as  ol  coal  i     (3)  The 

fourth  part  of  an  hour;  fifteen  minutes.     (4)  Three  months; 

■  a  term,  as  ol  l  limb  of  a  quadruped  with 
the  a                            i  a  haunch,  as  of  venison.   (6)  t1    B.] 

Twenty-five  cents,  or  a  coin  "if  that  value.     <7>  One  of  the 

[our  phases  of  the  moon.    (8)  u»  .  A  quarter  note 

■;.  '  >ne  of  the  four  prindpal  points  of  the  compass  or 
divisions  of  the  horizon.    .'{.  Hence,  the  place,  origin,  or 

'    ironi  which  anything  comes,     i.  A   particular 


n  in"  I 

i .  ■  ■   or  flavor     •"•• 

II.        I  ■ 
preparation 
iployment,  rinht.  or  priv- 

'i  wot  :  rut  i  ' 
(Ml   i-ti     "-'il   •     •  iiii.iI'  l-tl-.  a'tlim.  I.     I     ■ 

friction; 
mlti.-  qual  'l-flcd,  I.  ( '"'iu- 

1KNT.— 
qual   i-li    •  r. 
q  II ."%  I   i  -  ( >  .  .val'i-ty.  ri.     [-TTX8*,  p/.]     I< 

lential 

•   ement    "r   charai  I 

rmined  by  il 

.   .'-■"•  of  goodness;  relative 

.   peculiar  excellence. 

4.  ( Capability  of  pro- 

.">.      irticular  character  or  part; 

6.    I'rov.  or  Obs.l  Social  rank;  per- 

.  i  ly.      7.   l'h  i    ,   .    That    « nich 

pitch  and  intensity 

a.s  from  different  instruments; 

Si  D       -"  "'   ATTHI- 

•  I  u:tl  'i- 1 .«"!  I\   "•-.   ■:.     <  if  or   per- 
l»lmr..  -I>,  adc. 

(jiiilin.  km  it  kwam,  n.    1. 

;. 

;    qaalm'lsh,    a 
•in  1 1 in  '>  - .  - , -  t  i \:i-n     -lr,  ad*,    -ness,  n, 

< j 1 1  hi  ,|  ;-r> .  .  i  or  kwen-d5n;  2  kwan'da-ry  or 

te    of    hl'sit"    ' 

at.    (Lit.  <  Ice.  wamlr,  difficult.] 
i|ii,u  1 1  —  i  > .  -ri'ti-ti;  2  kwan'ti-ty,  n.     [-th 

l .   .  much ;  thai  property  of  a 

ment  and  numerical 

bag  this 

.mated  mass, 

;.  rhe  strength  of  a  current, 

■   ntial.    4.  l'ro.t.  The  time 

.1.  Mus    The  duration  of  a 

'.  hulk  or  amount.     7t-    I 

[<    I.  r    ,  bow   much  ] 

quan'ti-ta"ti*  •  •  quantity:  op- 

-i  .           -n 

qiiiii  hum.  ■  'turn.  n.    [qcan'ta,  pi.]    1. 

i  sufficient  "luantlty.     [I... 

<    quam.  how.  <  qui.  who] 

(|il  ir "  in-'  no ■'.  ';   2    kwar"an-tin'        I.      ' 

)    To  subj  tain  in  quar- 

II.  I .  tion  for  a  fixed 

.•riving  from  places 
of  any  persoi 

;.   '-.  • 
h  interdict]  S, 

place  infected 
wit:.  ilation. 

i.  i,  forty.] 

quar'r'l.  [-m  i.i.i.  or  -ta.t.i.i  n; 

1 .  i  quarrel;  dis- 

ith.    2.  To  ■ 
hip  'ir  harmony;  fall  out ;  disagn 
■ '    -r  oi'.T. 


Flowered  Quarry. 


,.,_         1: a  =  final;    Inhabit;    aisle;    uU  =  out;    ell;    10=  feud;    (Shin;    go;    rj  =  sins;    fhin,    this. 
o.*<         2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this. 


qualm 
queer 


Quartered  Oak. 

if  the 


division  or  district;  a  locality.  5.  Proper  or  assigned 
station,  position,  or  place,  as  of  officers  and  crew  on 
a  wardship:  usually  in  the  plural.  6.  A  place  of  lodging 
or  residence,  especially  temporary  shelter;  lodgings: 
usually  in  the  plural.  7.  A  region  embracing  one=fourth, 
or  about  one=fourth,  of  a  space;  one  of  four  correspond- 
ing localities  or  parts,  as  of  a  shoe,  a  horse's  foot,  etc.  8. 
Naut.  The  upper  part  of  a  vessel's  side  from  the  after 
part  of  the  main  chains  to  the  stern.  9t.  Friendship; 
peace;  concord.  [OF.,  <  L.  quartarius,  <  quartus, 
fourth.] — quar'ter=day",  n.  A  day 
when  quarterly  payments  become  due. — 
q. deck,  n.  Naut.  The  elevated  rear 
part  of  a  war=vessel:  for  officers  only. — 
quar'tered,  a.  1.  Divided  into  four 
quarters,  as  by  separating  or  grouping. 
2.  Made  from  timber  cleft  or  sawed 
lengthwise  into  quarters,  so  as  to  show 
the  edge  grain;  as,  quartered  oak.  3. 
Lodged;  stationed.  4.  Having  quarters 
(of  a  specified  kind). — quar'ter-ly.  I. 
a.  1.  Containing  a  fourth  part.  2.  Oc- 
curring at  intervals  of  three  months.  II.  i0",  'c,,.  Eecond 

//.        [-LIES2,     pi.]       A    publication    issued  cuttins  the  lug  into  quar- 

once  in  every  three  months.  III.  adv.  ters.  Each  quarter  is  then 
1.  Once  In  a  quarter  of  a  year.  2.  In  sawed  into  planks  in  the 
or  by  quarters.  -quar'ter-mas"ter,  orderofthe  numbml16- 
n.  1.  A  staff=offlcer,  as  of  a  regiment,  having  charge 
of  providing  and  assigning  quarters,  issuing  supplies, 
etc.  2.  Naut.  A  petty  officer  who  assists  the  navigator, 
etc.  —  q.=sawed,  a.  Sawed  lengthwise  into  quarters, 
as  a  log,  or  sawed  from  quartered  timber. — q.=saw,  v.— 
q.=section,  n.  [U.  S.J  In  the  system  of  land-surveying 
adopted  by  the  governments  of  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  a  tract  of  land  half  a  mile  square,  containing  one* 
fourth  of  a  square  mile,  or  160  acres. — q.ssessions,  n.  A 
court  neld  quarterly.  In  England  and  Scotland  it  tries 
many  indictable  offenses,  hears  appeals  from  the  petty 
sessions,  and  exercises  a  minor  civil  jurisdiction. — q.  stair, 
n.    A  stout  staff,  formerly  used  in  England  as  a  weapon. 

quar'ter2,  n.  Mercy  shown  in  sparing  the  life  of  a  de- 
feated or  captured  enemy;  clemency.     [<  F.  quartier.] 

quar'tern,  1  kwer'tarn;  2  kwar'tern,  n.  [Eng.]  1.  A 
fourth  part,  as  of  certain  measures  or  weights.  (1)  A 
gill.  (2)  A  quarter  of  a  peck.  (3)  A  quarter  of  a  pound. 
(4)  A  quarter  of  a  stone.    2.  A  four=pound  loaf  of  bread. 

quar-tet',  1  kwer-tet';  2  kwar-tet',  n.  1.  A  composition 
for  four  voices  or  instruments.  2.  The  set  of  four  per- 
sons who  render  such  compositions.  3.  Pros.  A  stanza 
of  four  lines.  4.  Four  things  of  a  kind.  [  <  It.  quartetlo, 
dim.  of  quarto,  fourth.)    quar-tette'J. 

quar'tile,  1  kwer'til;  2  kwaftil,  a.  &  n.    Astrol.    Quadrate. 

quar'to,  1  kwer'to;  2  kwar'to.  I.  a.  Having  four  leaves 
to  the  sheet.  II.  n.  1.  A  book  or  pamphlet  whose 
pages  are  of  the  size  of  the  fourth  of  a  sheet:  often  writ- 
ten 4to  or  4°.  2.  An  eight=page  newspaper.  [  <  L.  in 
quarto;  in,  in;  quarto,  abl.  of  quartus,  fourth.) 

quartz,  1  kwerts;  2  k warts,  n.    A  hard  mineral,  common 
in  rocks,  as  in  granite.   [  <  G.  quarz.\ 
—  quartz'ose",    a.        Composed    of 
quartz     or     containing     it     largely. 
quartz'ous?;  quart  z'j  | . 

quash",  1  kwesli;  2  kwash,  vt.  JTo  set 
aside,  as  an  indictment.  [  <  L.LL+op 
cassus,  empty.] 

quash-',  vt.     To  suppress  forcibly  or 
summarily.    [  <  L.OP  quasso,  shake.] 
Syn.:  see  annul;  CANCEL. 

qua'si-,  1  kwe'sai-;  2  kwa'sl-,  prefix.    Ap-    Quartz  Crystals, 
pearlngasif;  simulating  In  appearance,     i   Oblique.  ■-•.  Bmbd.  8. 
[<  L.  quasi,  <  quam.aa,  +  si.  If. I  TVln orjitaJf.  I ,B 

quas'si-a,  1  kwesVi-a;  2  kwash'i-a.J  bipjijdiM  and  oil e 

n.    The  wood  of  the  bitter  ash  of  the  lu"""''ub'>d'°n  »*  Prl«m- 
West  Indies:  used  as  a  tonic.    |  <  (Juassi,  a  negro  slave.] 

quat,  1  kwet;  2  kwat,  n.  1.  A  boll;  pimple,  sty.  2.  Hy  exten- 
sion, an  offensive,  troublesome  person. 

quatelit,  a.    Squat;  flat. 

qua-tcr'na-ry,  1  kwa-tfir'na-n;  2  kwa-ter'na-ry,  a.  1. 
Consisting  of  four  things.  2.  Fourth  in  order.  3.  [Q-] 
Geol.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  uppermost  of  the  systems 
of  strata  in  the  ordinary  classifications. — Qua-tcr'- 
na-ry, n.  The  Quaternary  system,  Including  all  deposits 
later  than  Tertiary  up  to  the  present,,  also,  the  correspond 
Ing  period.    [<  L.quaternarlus,  <  quattuor,  four.] 

qua-tcr'ni-on,  1  kwa-tfir'ni-an;  2  kwa-tSr'ni-on,  n.  A 
set,  system,  or  file  of  four.  [  <  L.  qualernio(n-) ,  < 
quattuor,  four.)  [F.j 

quat  'rain,  1  kwot'ren;  2  kwat'ran,  n.    A  stanza  of  four  Much. 

qua'tre,  1  ku'tar  or  (/-'.)  ktVtr,  2  kii'ter  or  (/•'.)  kii'tr.  n.  1. 
Anything,  as  a  card  or  a  domino,  marked  wltu  four  spots  or 
pips.    2.  The  number  four,  tour.    [I'\] 


Qua"tre=Bras',  1  ka"tr-bra':  2  ka"tr=bra'.  r».  A  village  in 
Belgium;  held  by  Wellington  against  Ney,  June  16,  1815. 

qua'ver,  1  kwe'var;  2  kwa'ver.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  utter  or 
sing  in  a  tremulous  manner;  have  a  tremulous  motion; 
trill;  warble.  II.  n.  1.  A  quivering  or  tremulous  mo- 
tion. 2.  A  shake  or  trill,  as  in  singing.  3.  Mas.  An 
eighth  note.    Syn.:  see  quake;  shake. 

quay,  1  kl;  2  ky,  n.  A  wharf  or  artificial  landing-place 
where  vessels  unload.    [F.] — quay 'age,  n.    Wharfage. 

Que.,  abbr.     Quebec. 

queach'y,  1  kwieh'i;2  kwech'y,  a.  1.  [Prov.  or  Obs.]  Yield- 
ing, as  boggy  places  under  the  feet:  shaking.  2.  [Prov.  Eng.) 
Weak;  feeble;  small.    [<  AS.  cweccan,  stir.]    queech'yj. 

quean,  1  kwin;  2  kwen,  n.  1.  A  low  woman.  2.  A  young  or 
unmarried  woman;  a  girl.    [<  AS.  cuen,  woman.] 

quea'sy,  1  kwi'zi;  2  kwe'sy,  a.     1.  Sick  at  the  stomach.     2. 
Nauseating;  also,  caused  by  nausea.     3.  Easily  nan,-, 
hence,  fastidious;  squeamish.     4.  Requiring  to  be  carefully 
treated;  delicate;  ticklish.     5.  Uncertain;  hazardous.     [< 
Norw.  kceis,  nausea.]— quea'si-ly,  adi:—  quea'sl-ness,  n 

Que-bec',  1  kwi-bek';  2  kwe-bee',  n.     1.  A  province  in  1 
Canada;   706,834   sq.   m.;   pop.  2,003.000.    2.  Its  capital, 
a  port  on  the  St.    Lawrence  river;   pop.   7S.000;   captured 
from  the  French  by  Wolfe,  Sept.  13,  1759;   anti-draft  riots 
March  30-April  1,  1918. 

queen,  1  kwin;  2  kwen.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  a  queen  of; 
act  as  a  queen.  II.  n.  1.  The  wife  of  a  king.  2.  A 
female  sovereign  of  a  kingdom.  3.  A  woman  preemi- 
nent in  a  given  sphere:  used  also  figuratively  of  cities, 
nations,  etc.  4.  The  piece  that  ranks  nexl  to  the  king 
in  chess,  combining  the  moves  of  castle  and  bishop.  5.  A 
playing=card  bearing  a  conventional  picture  of  a  queen 
in  her  robes.  6.  The  single  fully  developed  female  in  a 
colony  of  bees  or  ants.  [  <  AS.  cwen,  woman.] — queen 
consort,  the  wife  of  a  reigning  king,  who  does  not  share  his 
sovereignty.— q.  dowager,  the  widow  of  a  king  who  has 
reigned  in  his  own  right. — q.  mother,  the  mother  of  the 
reigning  sovereign  when  she  is  entitled  to  be  called  queen  or 
is  a  queen  dowager. — q.  regent.  1.  A  queen  who  acts  as 
regent.  2.  A  queen  regnant. — q.  regnant,  a  female  sover- 
eign ruling  in  her  own  right. — queen iy,  a.  Like  a  queen; 
stately.  Syn.:  see  imperial. — queen 'ly,  adv.— queen 'II- 
ness,  n. — queen  '=Of«the«mead''OWS,n.  The  meadowsweet. 
— q.spost,  n.  Building.  One  of  two  upright  suspending 
or  sustaining  posts  or  compression-members  In  a  truss  or 
truss-roof. — queen's  sware,  n.  Fine  glazed  oream»colored 
English  pottery;  hence,  any  cream-colored  pottery 

Queens,  1  kwinz;  2  kwens,  n.  A  county  of  S.  E.  New  York 
and  borough  of  New  York  city;  105  sq.  m.;  pop.  398,651. 

Queensland,  1  kwinz'land;  2  kwems'land,  n.  A  state  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Australia;  670,500  sq.  m.;  pop.  687,471; 
capital,  Brisbane.  (S.  Ireland;  pop.  9.000. 

Queens 'town,  1  kwlnz'toun:  kwens'town.  rj.    A  seaport  in 

queer,  1  kwlr;  2  kwer,  vt.  [Slang.]  To  Jeopardize  a  transac- 
tion or  spoil  a  chance. 

queer,  1  kwTr;  2  kwer,  a.  1.  Being  out  of  the  usual  course 
of  events  in  minor  respects;  singular;  odd.  2.  t  If  ques- 
tionable character;  open  to  suspicion.  3.  (Slang.] 
Counterfeit.      [<  LG.  queer,  oblique,   <  (!.  i/iicr  \ 

Syn.:  anomalous,  bizarre,  crotchety,  curious,  droll1,  eccen- 
tric, erratic,  fantastic,  funny,  grotesque,  laughable,  ludi- 
crous, odd,  peculiar,  quaint,  ridiculous,  singular,  strange, 
unique,  unmatched,  unusual,  Whimsical,  Odd  Is  unseated, 
as  an  odd  shoe,  and  so  uneven,  as  an  add  number.  Singu- 
lar is  alone  of  its  kind;  a.s,  the  Singular  number,     What   Is 

singular  is  <>dd,  but  what  is  odd  may  001  be  singular;  as,  a 
drawerful  of  odd  gloves,    a  strangi  thing  Is  something  hither- 
to unknown  In  fact  or  in  cause.     A  singular  coincidence  Is 
one  the  happening  of  which  Is  unusual ;  a  strange  COlni  li 
is  one  the  cause  of  Which  is  hard  to  explain,     That  which  Is 

peculiar  belongs  especially  toe  person  as  his  ow  a .  n 
was  called  Jehovah's  "peculiar  people."   I 

chosen  and  cherished  by  him;  In  Its  ordinary  " 

Implication  thai  the  thing  peculiar  to  one  is  noi  common  to 
the  majority,  t  ho  H  ma]  be  shared  b  j  many;  as,  the  Shakers 

are  peCUliai       EcCt  nine  Is  Off  or  aside  from  the  center  .  and  M 

off  or  aside  from  the  ordinary  and  what  Is  considered  the 
normal  course;  as,  genius  is  commonly  i  nlric  in 

a  higher  and  more  respecifui  word  than  odd  or  queei     Finnic 
signifies  wandering,  b  stronger  arid  more  oensorlou    t«nn 

than  "'<',  nil  i,     in,>  er  is  transvers 

common  In  a  way  thai  Is  comic:, I crh 

lous.    Queer  is  also  used  tor  thai  w  hloh  Is  odd! 

as,  a  queer  proceeding  or  propc 

which  is  pleasingly  odd  and  fanoiful,  often  wltn   omethlng  ol 

the  antique;  as,  the  quaint  architecture  ol  medieval  towns 

Thai  which  Is  funny  1 1  oaloulati  d  to  provoki  laughtei ;  thai 

which  Is  droll  Is  more  QUletl]    amu   111  I  >•  ll   which  Is  u'"- 

i,  qui  In  the  material  sei  In  toi '" 

or  outline  or  U>proportioni  ridicu 

i  he  Frencn  outarri  Is  practically  equivalent  wgrou  qui 

See  odd.    -Ant.:   common,   cual to.,    lainihai.    natural 

normal,  ordinary,  regular,  usual.  —  Queer  Sired   (Slang. 


Qnlrltro 


.in.  II. 


1    a 


i  fee;  a         . mil,  rale;  but,  bdrn) 

(  ill  I  ....   not.  (ii.  won,        SS8 


.|ii..r  lab, 

.,  ii.  •  r    n. 


r  .In  . 

r  .ll-r. 


I  I 

• 

II 

v  > 
.|il.  II    .  r. 

■ 
I 

'.'.     I 
I 

ijll.   II.   Il     X-  LI     I      .  -Hi".  -  .-  Mi  . 

. III.  n.  h    I.  -I.  .  -ii. 

•  'f  or  pertaining 

■  I  r'cit-ron 

l 

qui  r  .  ll-r. hi    I.  u  , 
QUI  r  .  ll-r. .11  ...ik": .  I 


i  he  t\  pica)  genua  of 

,,il>r, 

I  ill;  rurl.  twirl 

•itilrl : . 
l  form  ..f  hand-m. 
\-  quern.] 

L 
complaining  disposition. 

-Is.  -11.". 

1.     '    A  il       [QUe/BTED;  yiK'- 

i  doubt;  inquire  concerning; 

ply  with  questions.    II.  n.    [que?- 
irandum  of  an  in- 
ibtj  interrogation:  often 

■ 
lm[x-r  of  qurro.  seek.)    Synj  (verb)  see  INQUIRE;  yi  I 

(French  economist, 
(ju.  -   n  ..  .J  rancols 

OJOWl    .  r.     I.  f.     1.   [Gt.  Brit  ]     i 

'.'  .  b  or  seek  for;  inquire  into. 

11.  1 .  .'.'.' .    ! 

ir  follow  :i  trail.    3.  To  no  beg- 
qncst'cr,        qacct'anl   :  qaeafrisl  . 

■.■est,         I.  •   a  looking  for  something; 

-  ]  An  inq  .  :5  .  -    irchers 

I    .   A  I  [<    OF.   queste,    <    L. 

tuxntui,  pp.  Of  QUITO,  BO 
question.,  chon,  r.    I.  f.    l.Toputa 

loubtful;  call 

ike  objection  to;  oh  .  -t  . 

II.  i.    1.  To  make 

t  express  doubt.     [!•".,   <  L. 


uu.  rl. 
II 


qact  ii-i. 


i|  lit-   r 


cujtu: 

Sya.:  ask.  cl 

obtal: 
mally  - 


ioubt,  Inquire,  Inter- 
To  ask  is  to  seek  Information, 
tcrrogate,  res; 

l<   for- 
ties of  question- 
Dg    of    inlir- 


the  source  of  s  mi 
tion  a  i- 
truth.  . 

■ 

ind  resolutely. 


formal:  one  may  questiqji  a  messenir.r  at  the  door  regarding 

:■  termination  to  elicit 
■  be  ow- 
ed "the  qui 
y  and  Indifferently;  hi   . 

nearly  the  meaning  of  rf.  m  tin-  truth  ol 

that  statcrr;.  .••  of  that  article."  or  the  like.    To 

or  claim  of  authority; 

i  qu>  lion  nv 
ire  ask.   r;   QUESTION,   n.  -  -ques  tlon-a- 
M  •    .         Liable  to  be  called  in  question;  debatable;  also. 
.-.     SiTU  sec  EQU1V04  AL. — qucs'tlon-cr, 
n      i|ur<  lion-lug.  pa.  <k  n.    -I> 
qui- 'Ii. .ii.  1.  ace  calling  for 

an  answer;  an  inquiry  I  of  inquir. 

.'$.  A  subject  of  di 

■on  arose  about  it. 
t. 

">.  •  rinedj  doubt. 

'..  *t.  Judicial  examination;  trial;  also, 

exi-  8f.  1 

Syr.  ,  dry.    Inquisition  Inter- 

rog.v  An  inquiry  seeks  Informa- 

tion for  the  benefit  of  the  Inquirer:  a  question  may  do  the 


•  the  intent  to  perplex,  confuse  or  entrap 

ins  >.f  whom  ii  ■  asked;  one  makes  inquiry  as  to  his 

.k  of  idle  ..r  trivolou  rather  than  .>f 

i  snd  Indefinite  in  pu  imotint- 

Inn  to  '  "i  ludgmom  and  a 

ii. hi   >.f   fir  u  prool  query, 

which  Is  often  but  km  Interrogatlon-polm  In  tin-  margin;  » 

ma)   !"•  termed  a  sllcin   . 
many  cases  id  in  pi  >  nil  exprewtod  doubt.    An  Interrogation  or 
lormul  inquiry      Interrogatory  has  a  special 
Ii  noting  mi  inquiry  in  writing  by  order  of  a  court, 
to  be  answered  under  oall       >  a/ton  Is  an  elaborate 

h  r..r  i  rut  it  or  fact,  noi  mil  but  bj  i  very 

other  means  of  procuring  Information;  an  Inquisition  in  an 
which  Is  cither  unwarranted,  unduly  minute  or 
In  some  other  way  offensive     Bee  doubt;  inquirt;   popii 
oues'tlon-lesa,        oues'tlon-less-ly, 

ques    (liill-a-r),     1     .  Hi;    2     '»'    '■  Ii'.n  :.  r\       I.    a 

<K  Hi.  iiaiur..  .'f  an  examination;  Interrogatory.  II.  n. 
Same  as  qi  an  n  in  n 

iiiii-."(ioii-n.iiri''.  l  kwi     ch»n-nar';2kw8s*ohon-nir',fi  \v  ] 
luestlons  submitted  for  formal  answer 

ques 'tor,  I  l  twos' ter:  2  kweVtor,  '■    Rom,  HIM    I.  \  public 

uu. i- 'lor..  urer,   as  ..f  a   province      I,  Originally,   a 

magistrate  who  prosecuted  and  executed  murderers.    |i..| 

Quet-sa]"co-a'U.  1  ket-eal  ko-Q'tl;  L'  kel  -.i  co-a'tl,  n  \ 
traditional  king  and  author  ol  the  culture  ol  the  tstec 

(luetic,  l  kni;  l'  ku,  n.  1.  \  pendenl  braid  ol  hair  on  th.- 
back  of  the  head;  a  pigtail  'I.  A  file  >  > t  |  >. - 1  -. . i ! -  waiting 
in  the  order  "f  th.ir  arrivaL  8>  A  tail  piece,  ai  "i  -i 
violin;  tail    \V  .  <  L.  coudo,  tail.]    cue!. 

qalbt>l(er,  l  kuii.'i;  2  k«il.'l.     l.  ri.     [qurn'm 
quiB'BUNO.]     1.  To  use  quibbles;  evade  the  truth; 
equivocate,    'ii.  To  play  upon  words;  pun.    11.  n.    1. 
\  shuffling  evasion  of  a  point  or  question;  an  equivoca- 
tion.   8||.  Apun.    [ <  yrnv]  — qulb'blt'r,  n. 

Qul"be-ron'.  1  kfbs-ron'j  l'  krbe-rftn',  n  Beapoii  on 
\s    c-,,:[-t  nf  Pranoe;  British  defeated  i  rench,  1/69 

quick,  1  kwik;  2  kwfk.    La,    1.  Done  or  ooouxrii 

peditious;  rapid;  speedy;  .swift,  'i. 
Characterized  by  rapidity  or  readiness  "f  movement  <*r 
action;  nimble;  prompt,  8.  Intellectually  alert;  sensi- 
tive; sprightly.  4.  Responding  readily  to  impre 
excitable;  irritable  5.  Made  active.  •>  .  Having  life; 
living:  opposed  to  dead.  7.  Pregnant.  8.  Producing  in- 
terest or  prulit;  available.  II.  n.  I.  Thai  which  Ikuh 
life;  any  vital  or  sensitive  part:  figuratively,  the  feelings, 
■;.  \  b  dgi  plant;  quickset,  Ul.  ode.  Quickly;  rapidly. 
[<  as.  ewlc,  alive  I  Svn.:  Bee  active;  suve;  cueveb;  im- 
PBTUOUS;  nimiu.k;  swift:  vtyin. 

— quick  'en,  r.  1.  I.  1.  To  make  alive  or  quirk;  vivify; 
figuratively,  to  make  keen.  2.  To  Increase  the  activity  or 
spriKhtiiness  of.  S.  To  make  quicker;  accelerate.  II.  1  1. 
To  become  alive;  begin  to  tnanifi-si  signs  of  Ufa  2.  To  move 
or  act  more  quickly.    3.  To  become  more  sensitive. 

Sm.:  sod  lerate,  advance,  dispatch,  drive,  drive  on,  cxpe- 
riitr.  facilitate,  further,  hasten,  hurry,  make  iia.su-.  press  for- 
ward, promote,  speed,  urge,  uri;.-  on,  To  quicken,  in  the 
here  considered,  is  to  Increase  speed,  move  or  cause  to 
move  more  rapidly,  as  through  more  space  or  with  a  greater 
number  of  motions  In  the  same  time.  To  aect  Xerau  It  to  In- 
n  or  of  motion.  A  motion  whose 
speed  Increases  upon  Itself  Is  said  to  be  accelerated,  as  the 

ii  of  a  fallliiK  body,  wlileti  becomes  swifter  with  every 

doftbne.  To  accelerate  any  work  ii  tofta  Knit  toward 
afinisii.  commonly  by  quickening  ail  its  operations  In  orderly 
unity  toward  the  result.    To  dispatch  is  to  do  and  be  done 

Willi,  to  gel  B  thiiiL'  off  one's  bands.  To  dispatch  an  enemy 
is  to  kill  him  outright  and  quickly;  to  ill\;mlch  a  messenKer 
Is  to  send  lilru  In  b  I  Itch  a  business  Is  to  bring  It. 

quickly   to  an  end.      I jU patch  Is  commonly   used  of  single 
To  promote  a  cause  Is  In  any  way  to  bring  It  forward, 
a   II  In  iiower.  prominence,  etc.    To  speed  Is  really  to 
ha  U  n  Is  to  attempt  It,  whether  success- 
fully or  unsuccessfully.     Hurry  always  Indicates  something 
of  confusion    The  hurried  man  forgets  dignity,  appearance, 
rt,  courtesy,  everything  but  speed;  be  may  forget 
something  vital  to  the  matter  In  band:  yet,  because  reckless 
haste  may  attain  the  great  object  of  speed,  hurry  has  come 
to  be  the  colloquial  and  popular  word  for  acting  quickly.  To 
facilv  ken  by  making  easy;  to  expedite  Is  to 

quicken  by  removing  hindrances.— Ant.:  check,  clog,  delay, 
dnit;.  binder.  Impede,  obstruct,  retard.— quick 'en-er,  n.— 
qulck'.grass",  a.  Same  as  couch-grass.— quick 'lime", 
n.  T'nslaked  lime—  qulck'ly,  arjr.  In  a  quick  manner.— 
q.  march,  a  march  having  about  108  steps  to  the  minute. — 
q.smateh,  n.  A  match-wick,  as  of  threads  of  cotton  rubbed 
with  mealed  powder,  that  burns  quickly,  for  firing  cannon, 
OTkS,  etc  — qulck'ness,  *,  ■  quick'sand",  n.  A  bed 
of  sand  so  water'Soake.l  aa  readily  to  engulf  any  person  or 
animal  that  attempts  to  rest  upon  It.— quick 'set".  I.  tt. 
To  fence  with  living  plants;  plant  with  hawthorn.    II.  a. 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  owt;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  e'mg;    fhin,   this.  queer 

639       2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.       QtliritCS 


Composed  of  quickset.  III.  re.  A  hedge=plant,  especially 
hawthorn,  or  a  hedge  made  of  it.—  quick 'stl"ver,  re.  1. 
Metallic  mercury.  2.  An  amalgam  of  tin,  used  for  the  backs 
of  looking-glasses.  —  quick 'step",  re.  1.  Mus.  A  march 
written  in  the  military  quick  time.  2.  Mil.  A  quick  march. 
— q. twitted,  a.  Having  a  ready  wit  or  quick  discernment; 
keen;  sagacious.    Syn.:  see  clever.    Compare  sagacious. 

quid1,  1  kwid;  2  kwid,  n.  1.  A  small  portion  of  chewing* 
tobacco.  2.  A  cud,  as  of  a  cow.  3.  Half=chewed  hay 
dropped  from  a  horse's  mouth.     [Var.  of  cud.] 

quid2,  re.  [Slang,  Eng.]  A  coin,  the  sovereign. 

quid'di-ty,  1  kwid'i-ti;  2  kwld'i-ty,  re.  [-ties2,  pi.]  1. 
Tlie- essence  of. a.  thing.  2.  A  trifling  distinction  or  ob- 
jection.    [<  I.T..  quidditns,   <  L.  quid,  which] 

quid 'nunc,  1  kWid'nunk;  2  kwid'nunc,  re.  One  who  seeks  or 
affects  to  know  all  that  is  going  on;  an  inquisitive  busybody. 
[<  L.  quid  nunc;  quid,  what;  nunc,  now.] 

quid  pro  quo,  1  kwid  pro  kwo;  2  kwid  pro  kwo.  1.  An  equiv- 
alent in  return.  2.  The  substitution  of  one  thing  for  another. 
[L.,  literally,  something  for  something.] 

qui'et,  1  kwcd'et;  2  kwi'et.  Id.  vt.  &  vi.  To  bring  to  a 
state  of  rest;  become  quiet  or  still;  make  or  become 
calm;  soothe.  II.  a.  1.  Being  in  a  state  of  repose;  still; 
calm.  2.  Silent.  3.  Free  from  turmoil,  strife,  or  alarm; 
tranquil;  peaceful;  secluded.  4.  Gentle  or  mild  of  dispo- 
sition. 5.  Free  from  ceremony;  informal.  III.  n.  Free- 
dom from  motion,  noise,  etc.;  peace;  calm.  [  <  L.  quies 
(quiet-),  rest.]  Syn.:  (verb)  see  allay;  repress;  settle; 
tranquilize;  (adjective)  see  calm;  pacific;  sedate;  sober; 
(noun)  see  rest. — qul-esce',  vi.  [qui-esced'«;  qui-esc'- 
ing.)  1.  To  grow  quiet;  become  silent.  2.  Phon.  To  cease 
to  have  a  sound,  as  a  letter. — qui-es'cent,  a.  1.  Being 
in  a  state  of  repose  or  inaction.  2.  Resting  free  from  anx- 
iety, emotion,  or  agitation.  3.  Phon.  Having  no  sound; 
silent.  Syn.:  see  passive.— qui-es'cence,  re.  qul-es'cen- 
cyj.  Syn.:  see  rest. — qui-es'cent-ly,  adv. — qui'et-er, 
n. — qui'et-ism,  re.  A  system  seeking  spiritual  exaltation 
by  contemplation  and  withdrawal  from  outward  activities; 
especially  [Q-],  mystic  meditation  or  introspection,  as  cul- 
tivated by  certain  devotees  of  the  17th  century. — qui'et- 
lst,  re.— qui'et-ly,  adv. — qui'et-ness,  re.  Syn.:  see  apa- 
thy.— qui'e-tude,  re.  Syn.:  see  apathy;  rest. — qui'e- 
tus,  re.  1.  A  silencing  or  suppressing;  death;  repose.  3.  A 
final  discharge  or  quittance. 

quill',  1  kwil;  2  kwil,  vt,  1.  To  pluck  quills  from  or  out  of. 
2.  To  wind  on  a  quill  or  quills. 

quild2,  1  kwil;  2  kwil,  vt.  To  make  or  iron  (a  garment  or 
fabric)  with  rounded  plaits  or  ridges. 

quild1,  re.  1.  One  of  the  large,  strong  flight»feathers  or 
taiMeathers  of  a  bird.  2.  A  pen  made  from  a  feather; 
hence,  any  pen;  also,  a  writer,  and,  with  the  definite  ar- 
ticle, the  profession  of  literature.  3.  The  hollow,  horny 
stem  of  a  feather.  4.  One  of  the  large,  sharp  spines 
of  porcupines,  hedgehogs,  etc.  5.  A  hollow  cylindrical 
part  resembling  the  stem  of  a  feather.  [<  F.  quille,  keel.] 

quill,  re.  A  flute,  rounded  ridge,  or  cylindrical  fold,  as  in  a 
ruff  or  ruffle.    [<  F.  quille,  keel.] 

QuIl"ler=Couch',  1  kwil"ar=kucn';  2  kwil"er=cuch',  Sir 
Arthur  Thomas  (1S63-         ).     An  English  novelist. 

quil'IH  ,  1  kwil'et;  2  kwil'et,  re.  A  quibble;  subtlety;  nice 
distinction.  [Contr.  <  L.  quidlibet,  what  you  please,  < 
quid,  what,  +  libel,  it  pleases.] 

quill 'wort",  1  kwil'wurt";  2  kwil'wurt",  re.  A  small  plant, 
mostly  aquatic,  consisting  of  a  corm=like  stem  sending  up  a 
tuft  of  quill-like  leaves. 

quilt,  1  kwilt;  2  kwilt.  Id.  vt.  &m.  _  1.  To  stitch  through 
and  through  at  intervals  or  in  lines  or  figures,  as  in 
making  a  quilt.  2.  To  wad  or  stuff  with  something 
stitched  or  fastened  in  place.  3.  To  give  a  quilted 
appearance  to.  4.  To  make  protective  with  any  mate- 
rial. II.  re.  1.  A  bedcover  made  by  stitching  together 
(irmly  two  layers  of  cloth  or  patchwork  with  some  soil, 
and  warm  substance  (as  wool  or  cotton)  between  them. 
2.  Any  bedcover,  especially  if  thick.  3.  A  quilted  skirt 
or  t  he i like.  (  <  OF.  cuilte,  <  L.  culcita,  quilt.]— quilt  '- 
er,  re.     quill 'Ing,  re. 

quince,  1  kwins;  2  kwlne,  n.  A  small  tree  of  the  rose 
family;  also,  its  hard,  acid,  i>lensnnt=flavoro<l,  yellowish 
fruit,  used  for  preserves.  [<  Gr.''+OF  kydi'mion,  < 
Ki/donla,  town  In  Crete.] 

qiiln  'cum,  1  kwin'kunks;  2  kwln'efinkg,  re.    An  arrangement 
of  live  things,  as  trees,  in  a  square  having  one  In  each  <  "t  OCT 
and  one  In  the  center;  also,  ;>  disposition  of  such  squares 
repeated  Indefinitely.     [<    I,,   quincunx,   flve*twelfths, 
Quinqm  .  five,    \    maia,  twelfth  part.]    -qulii-cuii'clal,  a. 

Quln'cy,  1  kwln'zi;  2  kwln'zy,  re.  1.  Joslah  (1744-177.r>),  an 
American  statesman  and  Revolutionary  leader.  2.  Joslah 
(1772-1864),  an  American  statesman  and  educator,  3.  A 
city  in  E.  Massachusetts;  a  residential  suhuri>  of  Boston; 
pop.  32,600.  4. 1  kwm'si:  2  kwln'cy.  A  manufacturing  oil  .- 
in  W.  Illinois;  pop.  36,600.— Qulncy  method,  an  < 


tional  system  that  lays  special  stress  on  the  development  of 
the  activities  of  the  child. 

quin'i-a,  1  kwin'i-a;  2  kwin'i-a,  re.    Quinin:  old  name. 

quin 'in,    11  kwin'in,  kwai'nain;  2  kwin'in,  kwi'nln,  > 

quill  'ine,  J  A  bitter  alkaloid  contained  in  cinchona>bark, 
or  its   salts:   used   as   a  remedy  for 
malarial  affections.      [F.,  <  Sp.  quina, 
<  S.  Am.  quina,  bark.) 

quin'nat,  1  kwin'at;  2  kwin'at,  re.  A 
salmon  of  the  coasts  of  the  North  Pacific. 
[<  Chinook  Indian  e-quinna(li).] 

quin 'qua-,  ?  1  kwin'kwa-;    2  kwln'kwa-. 

quin 'que-,  S  From  Latin  quinque,  live: 
combining  forms.  —  quln"que-fo'li- 
ate,  a.  Bot.  Five=leaved.  [+  L.foliiun, 
leaf.]  quin"q  ue-f  o'li-at"edt. — 
quin"que-fo'li-o-late,  a.  But.  Having 
five  leaflets,  as  a  compound  leaf. 

quin"qua-ges'i-ma,  1  kwin"kwa-^es'- 

i-ma;  2  kwin"kwa-ges'i-ma,  a.  Fif-  4  Brancn  of  rin 
tieth.  [L.,  <  quinque,  five.J-Quin-  chona  calUaya,  a 
quagesima  Sunday,  the  fiftieth  day  source  of  oulnin 
before  Easter.  .  ' 

quin-quen'nt-al,    1    kwin-kwen'i-al;    2  «£  f^it 
kwln-kwen'i-al.    I.  a.     Occurring  every 
five  years,  or  once  in  five  years;  also,  lasting  for  five  years. 
II.  re.    A  fifth  anniversary.     [<  L.  quinque,  five,  +  annus, 
year.]— quln-quen'ni-um,    re.     A  period  of  five   years. 
quin-quen'ni-adi. 

quin'sy,  1  kwin'zi;  2  kwin'sy,  n.  Inflammation  of  the 
tonsils,  especially  when  suppurative.  [<  F.  esquinan- 
cie,  <  Gr.  kynanche,  <  kyOn  (kyn-),  dog,  +  ancho,  choke.] 

quint,  1  kwint;  2  kwint,  re.  1.  A  fifth.  2.  A  set  of  live.  3. 
The  E  string  of  a  violin.  4.  [Colloq.]  A  quintuplet.  5. 
Card'playiug.  In  piquet,  a  sequence  of  five  of  the  same  suit: 
if  of  the  five  highest  cards,  called  a  quint  major.  [  <  L. 
quintus,  <  quinque,  five.] 

quin'tain,  1  kwin'lin;  2  kwin'tln,  re.  Eng.  Arclteol.  An  object 
set  up  to  be  tilted  at;  also,  the  place  for  the  sport.  [<  F.quin- 
taine,  <  L.  quinlana,  street  in  a  eamp,  <  quintus;  see  quint.) 

quin'tal,  1  kwin'tal;  2  kwin'tal,  n.  1.  A  mass  of  100 
kilograms.     2.  A  hundredweight.     [F.] 

Quin-ta'na,  1  kln-ta'na;  2  ki'n-ta'na,  Manuel  Jose  (1772- 
1857).     A  Spanish  poet,  liberal  politician,  and  author. 

quin-tes'sence,  1  kwin-tes'ens;  2  kwin-tes'Pnc,  re.  1.  An 
extract  from  anything,  containing  in  concentrated  form 
its  most  essential  principle;  hence,  the  most  essential 
part  of  anything.  2.  Philos.  In  the  doctrine  of  the 
Pythagoreans,  the  fifth  or  celestial  essence  above  the 
four  elements  of  earth,  air,  fire,  and  water.  [1''.,  <  L. 
quinla,  fem.  of  quintus,  fifth,  +  essentia,  essence.]— quln"- 
tes-sen'tial,  a.    Of  the  nature  of  a  quintessence;  purest 

quin-tet',      |1  kwin-tet';  2  kwin-tet',   ».     A   musical 

quin-tette',  J  composition  arranged  tor  five  voices  or 
instruments;  also,  the  five  persons  performing  it .  [  <  It. 
quintato,  <  quinto,  fifth.]     quin-tet 'tot. 

quln'tile,  1  kwin'til;  2  kwln'til,  re.  AslTOn.  The-  aspect  of 
planets  separated  by  72°.    [<  E.  quintus;  see  QUINT.] 

Quln-tll'1-an,  1  kwin-til'i-an;  2  kwln-lll'l-an.  M.  Fahlus 
(35?-95).     A  Roman  rhetorician  and  writer. 

quin-til'lion,  1  kwin-til'y;m;  2  kwln-tll'yon,  n.     In  tin' 
French  system  of  numeration,  almost   universally  fol- 
lowed in  the  I  nited  States,  I  followed  by  18  ciph< 
the  English  system,  1  followed  by  'M)  ciphers.     [  <   I.. 
quintus,  fifth,  +  million.] 

quin'tu-pl(cr,  1  kwin'tiu-pl;  2  kwfn'tfl-pl.     I.  vt    a   i»i 
[-pl(e)dp; -pling.]    To  multiply  by  five,    II."     1. 1  on 
sisting  of  five  united  or  of  five  parts.    '-'•  M  ull  iplied  bj 
five.     [<  L.  quintus,  fifth,    I    -plus,  -fold.]     qiiln'ln- 
plet,  re.    Five  tilings  of  a  kind  together;  speclncalf] 

clc  Willi  tandem  seals  for  Qve  riders. 

quip,  1  kwlp;  2  kwlp.  It1.".  A'/  To  glbi  or  sneer  at;  use 
quips  or  sarcasms;  scoff.    II-  »      A  sneering  reraai 

taunt.      [■      W.  cliiri/i.  quick  turn.    ■     chwtpto.  Whip.] 

quire1,  1  kwoir;  2  kwlr,  I-  >i.  I'."  mi  d;  ■."  uVino.  |  To 
fold  or  separate  into  quires  U.  n  I-  rho  twentieth 
pari  of  a  renin  ot  paper;  24  (or  2fi  '.'■   \  lei  ol 

all  I  lie  sheets  necessary  to  make  a  DOOk  ;  lien.  .  .  a  book, 
[  <   I,."1   quiil,  i  in.  h\   fours  | 

quire'.    1§.  r/.    1.  To  sing  In  ohorus  or  concert     Z.Toaccord; 

harmonize,    n.  n.    I  |.  A  ehoh     2t.  ' 

chaw,  ■    L  chorus;  see  chori  j.]    qui 'erf. 
cjulr'i-nal,  1  kuir'i-iiai  ot  kwi-n  ;  wlr'l  nal  m 

nal,  ii       1.1  me  ..f  the  seven  hills  on  which  Ron 

talnlng  the  Qulrlnal  palace,  ro 

now  thi   offli  Ii ice  of  '    '     ' 

tlvely,  the  Qulrlnal 

the  Italian   inunai'ele,         I         QUlr'l-n«l,  0 

Qul-rl'nus,  I    i  ai  - 

An  Italic  dl^  Inll  i .  the  god  or  wai 

with  Romulus,    'i.  \.  surns  Qul-rln'l«ui 

Qnl-rl'tea,  I  kwi  ral'ttti  2  \  ■  ■  ■    ,.■  n   ol 


quirk 

r  n  krl 


gtH.  pr*jr:  hit.  iv-Il^.;  «>'        .  o    ■  ..■    «v    full.  rOlr;  hot,  horn; 
i    .»  iii  i         . ...  not,  or,  won,        04(1 


l.loli    l! 
SJ  uir  k .  1  ;.  turn. 

' 

quirt,  t  short 

ij  ml  .  I 

I 

! . 
1 
II. 

I..    In     < |  lit  I  I, 

I..    .  f.     .|llll*. 

■  inn  ■  l.ilm".     I.  ro  relinquish  or  Rive 

II  v  •  i    .n.i  acquittance 

qui)    r.ni  '.         v  rent  formerlj 

l»:.'.  i  .1  f r.  .in  feudal 

null   cum  .  .  I  ; 

■  lull  'tor,    .       i  >ne  w  In.  quits 

quit,  ta    piu  b'«§Tas*,  n.    S 

quite  .  1.  To  the  fullest  extent;  with- 

iti.m;  fullv;  totally.  2.  [Colloq., 
I  extent;  noticeably; 

■  rest  ] 

Quito.  .   •  :  ". .  capital  of  Kcuador;  pop. 

qui*   IT,  . 

.1  tremulous  motion  •  >'•  1    Syn.:  see  «t  ikk; 

•  IE. 

qui*  .  r.   .      .1  it.s  or  Plal.l    Brisk;  active:  nimble. 
i|ui>  •  r  .  .t h  for  arrows      [  < 

Huh  1  ri  il,  o.     Provided  with  or  con- 

t|Ul\  <r  .  iking. 

qui  il...  .  |j  ,  who  liv. 

meaning,  "who  goes  then  !       i.>  be  011 
tin-  nui  \ i v .-.         •  .hi  the  lookout;  be  wide  awake. 
Quli-ot  H  .  ining  to 

■  be  hero  of  :i  Spanish  t 

•].  ridiculously  chiv- 

M  M.IN  IHT. 

i(ui\-..i  i-i.ii-i\.  quix'ot-lsm, n. 

qui/.  .  exkd;  w  i/.'/.ini;.]     I.  t.     1. 

To  m  .  .'.   1  o  poor 

at  crii  :t.    1  ■  ...  q.,   1      .-.)  To 

exan  1  Deducted  by 

que--.            II.  tilling,  bantering,  or 

teasing.  &:.  quia  'sing  glass", 

A  monocle-  Intended  to  be 
■  8  about  tin   . 

qui/.         I.  pussling,  or  mock'seriou 

•  •  In   quizzed; 
;  -4.  [Colloq.]     1 '   A 

orally  or  bj 

ill  1  us 
qui/  '/i-<  il.  r  ..1  the  nature  at  a  quiz, 

iffing;  bantering 
-lj  • 
qu<Kl.  I.    \   quad  or  quadrangle.     2. 

Ut'AO. 

quori'll-h.  t.  d'll-bot.  n.     1. 

tultort  t:.'  !.       lebatable 

quolf*. 

quoin.  .  1. 

. I  1 .    ( 2 ) 

rtical  angular 

otuv  ■.  wedge* 

•  ■  1 11    . 
wedge»like  piece,  as  used  for  any  j   .  ideally. 


ating,  a  wed  n  hieh  to  lock 

up  t  -.  oe  coin,  nj 

quoit,  1  kwoit  or  Uoit,  2  kwflil  01  koit      I1.  1  . 

pitch  as  a  quoit;  plaj  tl  uoits     II.  n      I.  \ 

« 1 1 — >-  ad  bole  In  thi  •  ■  ati  1 .  foi  use  In 

■ 

'I    In 

throwing   t 
■ 
pusb  1 
quon  ihiin,   l  kwon'dem; 
2  kwon'dam,  a.     Ha\  ing 
fonnarb  ,    former, 
Formerly  | 

quo'rum,    l    kwo'rom;  L' ''"''" 

kwo'rtm,  a.     1.  Such  t,,H„,Hu  , 
number  ■•!    members  oftitof    •:.  y.1.1... .  1  .ui  «tUi». 
■ 

insaction  of  busineas:  commonly,  a 
11  merly,  certain  designatt  d  jus- 
tioea  of  the  peace  without  the  preeenooof  tome  one  of 
win  m  1  the  others  could  not  act:   now  applied  loo 
all  justices,     [L,,  of  whom,  gen   pi   of  out,  who.] 
quo't.i.  i  \  proportional  pari  or 

share  required  for  making  up  a  certain  number  or  quan- 
tity    lit  ,  <  I.  sueta,  fern,  of  ouofus,  how  many.] 

quod'.   1    kw.'.t;  2  KWOt,   if.   A  11.      |gi  ni'i.n'1;  iji  i.i'is.,  ) 

1.  ]  1  be  words  of  a  book  Lor;  to 

rito  as  authority;  make  a  quotation.     2.  To  give  the 
market  prio  :t.  ro  enclose  within  quota- 

tion-marks. At.  To  observe;  note;  writedown.  |<  LL."r 
divide  Into  chapters.  <  1..  Quotut;  see  quota.] 
Syn.:  cite,  excerpt,  extract,  paraphrase,  plagiarise,  recite, 
repeat.     To  guou    is   to  give  an  author's  words,  either 
exactly,  as   In  direct   quotation,   or  in  substanoe,   as   in 

Indirect  (]  not  at  Ion;  tori/.   Is.  etymolOglcally,  to  rail  up 

sage,  as  a  witness  Is  summoned 

Ion  by  chapter,  page,  or  otherwise  must  be  given,  so 

that  it  ran  in-  promptly  railed  into  evidence;  in  Quoting,  the 

location  may  or  may  not   be  given,  bUl   tin-  words  or  sub- 
stance of  the  passage  must  be  given,    in  citing,  neither  the 

author's  words  nor  his  UtOUght  may  be  given,  but  simply  the 

reference  to  the  location  where  they  may  be  found;  to  quote, 
in  the  proper  sen  le,  1-.  to  give  credit  to  the  author  quoted. 

te  an  author's  thought   more  freely 

than  in  Indl  in,  keeping  the  substance  of  his 

though!  and  his  order  of  statement,  but  changing  the  lan- 

guage  and  style,  and  perhaps  expanding  by  explanation,  In- 

To   plagiarize   Is.   to   Quote   without    credit. 

appropriating  another's  words  or  thought  as  one's  own.    To 

ncili    or  r. /».  <//  Is  usuall-.  ;iv.   tho  r.rif.    Is  ap- 

plied in  legal  phrase  to  a  particular  statement  of  facts 

Which  Is  DOt  .1  quotation;  a  kindred  use  obtains  In  ordinary 

misfortunes. 

quot 'a-M  c,    a. — quo-ta'tlon,    n.      1.   The   act    Of 

quoting.     2.    The   words  or   price  quoted. — quo-ta'tlon' 

mark",  n.     One  of  the  marks  placed  at   the  beginning  and 

end  of  a  quoted  won]  or  passage,  as  "or";  a  quote,     in 

English,   Inverted   commas  are  used   at    the  beginning  of  a 

quotation  and  apostrophes  al  tin- end.    quote,  n.    A.  quo- 
tation-mark,    quot'er,    n.  —  quote'wor"thy,   a. — quot  '- 
liiK-l)',  adr. 
quoth    ,   1   kwoth;  2  kwotli.  'I.     Said  or  spoke:  uttered:  the 

Imperfect  tens.'  of  the  obsolete  verb  qi  Kin.  used  only  in 
the  tirst  and  third  persons,  the  nominative  always  following 
ero,  as  guoth  hi 

quo 't ha    ,    1  Indeed!    forsooth! 

usually  In  slight  contempt .    [( lor.  of  quoth  he.]    keth'ert . 

quo-tici'l-an,  1  kwo-tid'i-dn;  2  kwo-tld'i-an,    I.  a.    Rc- 

curring  or  occurring  every  day.    II.  ».     \  fever  whose 

paroxysms  return  every  day.    [<  L.F  quot,  how  many, 

quo'tient,  1  kwS'shent;  2  kwO'shSnt,  n.    Math.    The  re- 
sult obtained  by  division;  in  arithmetic,  a  numb  r  in- 
dicating how  many  tiin>  -  one  number  or  quantity  is 
lined  in  another.     [<    I.  bow  often,    < 

quiiI.  how  many] 

quo  war-ran 'to,  1  kwo  we-ran'to;  2  kwo  wa-r&n'to.    [L.]    A 

judicial  writ  commanding  bow  by  what  author- 

offlce  or  franchise  never  granted,  or  for- 

-   fault:  literally,  by  what  warrant. 

Qa-ran',  «     Bame  a^  Koran. 

1    r.,     wr.    |l.  )    1.  Quantum  via  (as  much  as  you  will).    2, 
Quod  x.ide  (which  see). 


1: 9  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    mi  =  out;    oil;    iu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    o  =  aing;    Chin,    this. 
641         2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   fyll,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


quirk 
racket 


R 


R,  r    Roman. 


ftr 


Black 
Letter. 


91 


p.    Script. 


Rabbets. 


K,  r,  1  ar;  2  ar,  n.  [ars,  R's,  or  Rs,  1  drz;  2  arg,  pi.]  A 
letter:  the  eighteenth  in  the  English  alphabet. 

K.,  abbr.  Rabbi,  Radical,  Reaumur,  recipe,  rector,  Regina 
(L.,  Queen),  Republican,  response,  Rcspublica  (L.,  the  Re- 
public), river,  Roma  (L.,  Rome). — r.,  abbr.  Railroad,  rail- 
way, range,  rare,  received,  residence,  resides,  right,  rises, 
road,  rod,  rood,  royal,  ruble,  rupee. — R.  A.,  abbr.  Rear* 
admiral,  right  ascension,  Royal  Academy,  Royal  Arch, 
Royal  Artillery. 

Ka,  1  rfi;  2  ra,  n.  Egypt.  Myth.  The  god  of  the  midday  sun; 
ancestor  of  the  Pharaohs.    Ret. 

ra"bat',  1  ra"bd';  2  ra"ba',  n.  A  collar  turned  down  and  fall- 
ing over  the  shoulders:  worn  by  men  in  the  15th  and  16th 
centuries.    [F.]    ra-ba'tof. 

rab'bet,  1  rab'et;  2  rab'et.  Id.  vt.  Joinery.  1.  To  cut  a 
rectangular  groove  in.  2.  To  unite 
(parts)  in  a  close  joint.  II.  n.  1. 
A  recess  in  or  near  the  edge  of  one 
piece,  to  receive  the  edge  of  another 
piece.  2.  A  joint  so  made.  3.  A 
rabbet"plane.  [  <  F.  rabot,  plane.] 
— rab'bet=plane",  n.  A  plane  for 
plowing  a  rectangular  groove,  as  In  or  near  the  edge  of 
a  plank. 

rab'bi,     )  1  rab'ai  or  rab'i,  rab'in;  2  rab'I  or  rab'i,  rab'in, 

rab'bin,  J  ra.  Master;  teacher;  a  teacher  who  is  not  a 
priest;  a  Jewish  title.  [<  Heb.  rabbi,  <  rabab,  be 
great.] — Rab-bin'ic,  ra.  The  language  or  dialect  of  the 
rabbins;  later  Hebrew.— rab-bin'ic,  rab-bin'i-cal,  a. 
Pertaining  to  the  rabbis  or  to  their  opinions  and  writings. — 
rab-bin'i-cal-ly,  adv. 

rab'bit,  1  rab'it;  2  rab'it,  ra.  1.  A  small  burrowing  rodent 
resembling,  but  smaller  than,  the  hare.  2.  Some  other 
mammal  like  or  likened  to  the  above.  [Cp.  OD.  robbe.] 
— Welsh  rabbit,  cheese  toasted  or  melted  and  served  on 
toast.    The  form  rarebit  Is  now  regarded  as  erroneous. 

rab'ble1,  1  rab'I;  2  rab'I,  ra.  1.  A  rude  crowd;  mob;  tu- 
mult. 2.  The  lower  class  of  people;  the  populace. 
[Prob.  ult.  <  L.  rabio,  rave.]—  rab'blc-ment,  ra.  1.  [Prov. 
Eng.]  Idle  talk;  babble.  2t.  A  rabble,  rab'blesrout"}. 
Syn.:  see  mob. 

rab'ble2,  n.  Metal.  An  Iron  implement,  usually  bent  at  one 
end,  as  for  stirring  melted  iron  in  puddling.  [  <  F.  rdble,  < 
L.  Tutabalum,  poker.]    rab'blert. 

rab-bo'ni,  1  ra-bo'm  or  -nai;  2  ra-bo'nior-nl,  re.  Literally,  my 
great  master:  a  form  of  rabbi.    [Heb.] 

Ra"be-lais',  1  ra"ba-le';  2  rii"be-la',  Francois  (14837-1553). 
A  French  satirical  writer. — Rab"e-lal 'si-an,  a.  &  re. 

rab'id,  1  rab'id;  2  rab'id,  a.  1.  Affected  with  rabies;  mad. 
2.  Unreasonably  zealous;  fanatical;  violent.  3.  Furious; 
raging.  [  <  L.  rabidus,  <  rabio,  rave.]  -Iy,  adv.  -ncss, 
re. — ra'bl-es,  ra.    Hydrophobia. 

ra'ca,  1  re'ka  or  ra-ka';  2  ra'ea  or  ra-cii',  a.  &  ra.  Worthless; 
contemptible.    Malt,  v,  22.     [LI..,  <  Chal.G'  rikd.] 

rac-coon',  1  ra-kun';  2  ra-coon',  n.     An  American  noc- 
turnal carnivore  related  to  the 
bears.      The  common  North" 
American  raccoon   is   grayish"  fffl&B&ES 
brown,    with    a   black    check"  :T£]r«5>l" 
patch,    and     black»and=white  • 
ringed  tall.     [<  Am.   Ind.  aralh- 
cone,  raccoon.]    ra-coon'J. 

race,  1  res;  2  rac,  v.  [raced1; 
rac'ing.]  I.  (.  1.  To  cause  to 
move  swiftly,  a.s  in  a  contest  of  speed.  2.  To  contend 
against  in  a  race.  II.  i.  I.  To  run  or  move  Swiftly.  2. 
To  be  engaged  in  the  business  of  racing  horses,  3.  To 
move,  as  machinery,  at  an  accelerated  rate  of  speed 
[<  AS.  rSsan,  rush,  <  r<B»,  rush.] — rac'er,  ra.    1.  One  who 

or  that  which  races,    2.  <  me  of  various  snakes. 
race1,  n.     1.  A  continued  series  of  di  from  a 

common  parent  or  stock,  or  a  group  or  class  of  beings 
marked  with  common  characti  ri  ties  as  ii  by  common 

descent;  a  family,  tribe,  clan,  or  people;  a  .  thi  I    

sian  race;  the  English  rare.    2.  Lineage;  pedigree.    3.  In 
general,  any  class  of  being    oi  animal    h 
teristics   uniting   them    oi    differentiating    them    from 
others;  class;  species.     4||.  A  character!  tie  flavi 
taste,  as  of  wine.    [F.,  <  OHO.  rete,  line.]    Syn 
ity;  kin;  people;  sort.— rare  suicide,  the  voluntary  re- 
striction or  repression  of  chlid-bcaring:  due  to  indlvlduul. 


Kucroon 


physical,  or  moral  decadence.— ra 'rial,  a.   Pertaining  to  or 
characteristic  of  race  or  descent.     -Iy,  adv. 

race2,  re.  1.  A  competitive  trial  of  speed;  (/)/.)  a  series  of 
horse=races;  hence,  any  competition.  2.  Movement  or 
progression;  swift  movement.  3.  A  swift  current  of 
water;  a  sluice.  4.  Duration  of  life;  course;  career.  5. 
Textile.  The  track  in  which  a  shuttle  travels,  shut'- 
tle=race"J.  6.  A  circular  path  for  a  horse,  as  in  driving 
machinery  by  horse-power.  7.  A  narrow  path  or  pen- 
like  passageway  used  in  drafting  sheep,  as  in  Australia 
8f.  Route;  way.  9f.  Conflict;  trouble.  [<  AS.  raw. 
rush.]    Syn.:  see  career;  stream. 

— racc'=course",  r.  ground,  r. •horse,  r.=track,  n.  A 
course,  ground,  horse,  or  track  for  racing.— rac'er,  1  rcs'or; 
2  rac'er,  re.  1.  One  who  or  that  which  races,  or  has  unusually 
high  speed,  as  a  race»horse.  2.  One  of  various  sua  kes.  as  i  he 
blacksnake.— race 'way,  re.  1.  A  channel  for  conducting 
water.  2.  A  tube  for  protecting  wires,  as  in  a  subway.  3. 
A  track  for  a  shuttle,  as  in  a  loom,    shut 'tle=race"t. 

races,  n.  A  root:  obsolete  except  in  the  compound  racc*gin<i<T 
(unground  ginger=root).    [<  OF.  rats,  <  L.  radix,  root.] 

Race,  Cape.     A  point  on  the  S.  E.  coast  of  Newfoundland 

ra-ceme',  1  re-slm';  2  ra-eem',  n.  A  flowef"cluster  in 
which  the  flowers  are  arranged  at  intervals  on  an  elon- 
gated common  axis.  [  <  L.  racemus,  cluster.]— rac"e- 
mif'er-ous,  a.  Bearing  racemes.— rac 'e-mose'',  a.  Ar- 
ranged in  or  as  in  clusters,     rac'e-mousj.     -Iy,  adv. 

Ra'chcl,  1  re'ehel;  2  ra'chel,  ra.  1.  Bib.  The  wife  of  Jacob; 
mother  of  Joseph  and  Benjamin.  Gen.  xxfx,  (>.  2.  1  ra*- 
Shel';  2  ra"chel',  Elisa  Felix  (1820-185S),  a  French  tragic 
actress  of  Jewish  parentage. 

ra'chis,  1  re'kis;  2  ra'cis,  re.  [RA'CHI-DES,  1  -diz;  2  -dcs.  or 
ra'chis-esz,  pi.]  i.  The  axis  of  an  Inflorescence,  as  a  ra- 
ceme. 2.  The  shaft  of  a  feather.  3.  The  spinal  column. 
[<  Or.  rhachis,  spine.]  rha'chlsj.  —  ra-chlt'lc,  a.  1. 
Pathol.  Relating  to  or  affected  with  rickets;  weak. jointed. 
2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  rachis.  ra-chld  '1-an  t ;  rha-chi  t  'lc ; . 
— ra-chi'tis,  n.  1.  Pathol.  Rickets.  2.  Bot.  A  disease 
causing  an  abortion  of  the  fruit  or  seed,     rha-chl  '(Is  j. 

rac'i-ly,  rac'i-ness.     See  racy.  [tragic  dramatist. 

Ra"clne',  1  ro"sln';  2  rii-cm',  Jean  (1639-1699).     A  Frenoh 

rack",  1  rak;  2  rak,  vt.  1.  To  torture  by  the  rack;  cause 
prolonged  suffering  to;  torment ;  pain.  2.  To  stretch  or 
wrench  apart;  tear;  strain;  figuratively,  to  strain,  as  by 
imagination  or  memory.  3.  To  exaggerate;  distort 
4.  To  extort;  oppress  by  extortion.  5,  To  make  into  ur 
like  a  rack  or  openwork  grating.  6.  To  set  on  a  frame- 
work, a.s  clothes  to  dry.    [<  AS.  raxan,  stretch  one  i  i1  | 

rack2',  vt.  To  draw  off  from  the  lees,  as  liquor.  (  <  OF. 
raquer,  rack.]  [<  Ice.  reka,  drive  | 

rack21,  vi.     To  proceed  or  move  with  the  gait  called  rack. 

rack'1,  vi.  To  advance  rapidly;  drive  or  fly,  as  clouds  or 
vapor.    [<  Ice.  reka,  drive.] 

rack1,  1  rak;  2  rak,  n.  1.  A  machine  for  Stretching  or 
making  tense;  especially,  an  instrument  of  torture,  bj 
stretching  the  limbs  of  victims.  2.  Torture  oi  punish- 
ment as  by  the  rack;  hence,  intense  mental  oi  ph 
Buffering.  3.  An  open  grating,  framework,  or  the  like, 
in  or  on  which  articles  maj  be  placed     1.   \  bai  or  the 

like  ha  \  ing  teel  h   I  hal   engagi    with  t] i 

wheel.  [  <  D.  rale,  <  rekken,  stretch.]-  rack  and  pin- 
ion (Mech  i,  a  movement  In  winch  a  toothed  raok  and  ■ 
pinion  mesh  together  for  converting  rotarj  motion  Into  re 
clprocat  Ing  mo)  Ion. 

rack-,  n.     A  quadruped's  motion  resembling  thi 
t  wo  feel  on  a  side  being  lifted  from  or  placod  upon  the 
ground  i ci      ■     en  oneously  called  t  hi 

ra<k i,  n  linn,  flying,  or  broken  oloud  ,  anj  Boating 
vapor,    I       tee   rek,  di  in  I 

rack4,  a  Bame  as  wrack,  wreck:  obsolete  exoepi  In  the 
phrase  "to  g racl  and  ruin." 

rack'cr,  n,    One  who  or  thai  which  raoks, 

rack'etd,  ni.     \'<<  make  a  loud,  confused,  or  clattering 

tgage    in     siSmmmnXs*. 

:iu\  port  ,     r>'\  el ,    Ai\ 

noiise.  It  'i\\  W$fc~         B 

rack VI,  »      I.    \n  nople-      ■:::  f—>mu^,. uM 

men, 

as  in   1 1 ai    oi    U  'no 

It    1  hOOp      of      lient      « I.         ,  nine 

wni I    ha      a    handle    attachi  ■!    at    the 

I...  e      '■■  '■  large  f Ii  n  pporl  tho 

,  oi   horsi    o         unpy  ground      3. 
■.   shoe.     4.   A   ratchet:  a  mi-uonci       ii.    M 


r.illi 


i         «.             ..       ••     Ar;   full,  rfll.-:   bot,  bOrn; 
it        i  i wAn, 


844 


i.  11  i% 


■   •        stllllll- 

klng,  \  Igorou  • 

listing  to  tin' 
nd  pun- 
It  literal 

• 

r  11    l-h  ,  r.u  1-neU,     . 

r.i  I  . 

i  ir  weave 

It.  [raft] 

Kj-  leta'ky,  <  mint  lobmnn  Jo- 

-.  ph 

-  >i .  .  I.        I .  lining  tn a  ray 

ter  in  the  manner  of 

I  be  radius  or  a  radi- 

:.  i  loping 

II.  it  ins  part.   -I> . 

r.i  Mi-  tin  •■.  •  Log  r:n li:i i it ; 

r.i  ill-. in-.  >     ;r,i'ili-.iiil-iu-v. 

r.i  0  .-  in  t .     I.  i  ol  light 

1 1. 
1 .  ng  from  and  revolv- 

.'.  3.  That 

r.i  •i|l-.i;ii-l> .  adv. 

-  i  I  i.  \  tonner 

m,  Including  starfishes,  etc. 
'adlatus;  set-  I 

.!•■..  I. 

1 .    .  eel  lines  from 

.'.  .    .  lv  with 

II.         1 . 
ray*;    radial 
'..  \dorned  with  rays, 

ra'dl-afed  .    III.        I. 

(  <  L. 

radius.   ra>         ra"ili-a'tlon,    », 
ng  radiated,     ra'ill- 

j"ilw.  r.t 'dl-.i"lor.  i  .is  a  set 

r.i'l    i-i   il.  I .  ag  from 

;. 
.:. 
ol  a  number.    4.  I 

Ull'll- 

'■  mica]  radical. 

i  a  radical. 

Si'Ii 

orte: 

Men  tae 
e  Inter- 

the  ...  i ill  the 

and 

n<-i.il  treat- 

■  if  evil  or 

moderate,  pal- 
liative, partial,  superficial. 


•    il.  I.I  Mi.     W  '  l..    I  li.  n    tin 

pllliillll  i'    ol 

,  ii  I.      S<    i.'  \ 

tod  oi  ii  wd  in 
i.  \   .      i|i  oi  atom 

.'•.    w  .       \  i,...t      [p., 
i  i  radical  Ktgn,  ■ 

.    .  .lltltv    lo   lllilll  .11.      II. 

il  r  tin-  ii  Iter      1 1  iiiin  '.,,/ 

llOM  .  \l  li.it  loot 

(or  tin-  fourth  iooi  of  .1 

r.ul   l-i  il-l-m.    .       I  '..•.    ■  :,,h .,- 

r.ul   l-<  .il-l\ , 
rul   i-i  -t  I  -  •  > . — .  r.i. I   i-r  il.     .1  i    . 

.  1..  take  rool .  take  rool     II.  n     Rooted 
lix,  rool  l     rail"l-ra''. 

t  loll . 

1  \  rootlet  [i 

mil  'i-ii  fi',  i  rad'i  kl;  j  rad  l-cl,  \  diminutive  rool  or 

r.i  ill-o.  i   Olloq.]      \\  Iri-lrss;  : :in.  a  nulla  station. 

r.i  il i-.i-,  |  J  i     di  Prom  Latin  radius,  ray, 

Hon:  a  combining  form      ra"tli-o-a<-ti>  'l-i>. 

riii'  proper!  n  substances,  as  radium,  ol 

I j  emitting  special  radiations  which  are  capable 

of  penetrating  objects  opaque  to  ordlnarj  Ughl      ra"dl-o- 

.u-  Hi  i".  ra'dl-o-gram,  n      a   messuKc   bj 

telegraphy;  a  radloi  ra'dl-o-grapb,  n      K  nega- 

os  of  radioactivity;  skiagraph,     ra'dl-o- 

graph,  r;i"ill-ui{'ra-|ilii'r.    ■  r.i "<l l-o-ura |>li '!»•  or 

-l-ral.   a       ra"ill-<>K'ra-|ih> .  lla'MI-n-la'rl-a,   n.    ;i(. 

A  class  of  marine  prototoans  with  radiating  filaments  and 
perforated  shells  ol   membranou  •        ra"dl-o- 

la'ri-.u..  ra"dl- i-iir,  a.     \n  Instrument 

for   detecting   and    measuring    radiant    energy     ra'dl-o- 

Bcope,  n.    An  apparatus  for  showing  the  radioactivity  ol 

ra"dl-o-8cop'lc  or  -i-cal,  a.    ra"iii-<is'c«»-p>,  n. 

nation  ol  bodies  with  the  aid  of  radiant  energy.— 

ra"ili-n-lerc-grani,  ra"dl-<»-tere-graph,  ra"dl-o-lcl  'i- 

phone.  rir.    a  wireless  telegram,  telegraph,  telephone,  etc. 
— ra"di-n-tlnT'a-|i) ,  n.    Tin'  employment  ol  radioactivity 
in  the  run-  of  disease. 
rad'lshi  1  rad'ish;  2  rad'ish,  u.     A  brassicaceous  annual 
plant  or  its  pungent  edible  root,  commonly  eaten  raw  as 
!      I 
ra  ili-iim,  l   rS'di-um;  2  ra'cu-iim,   n.  Chem.  A  highly 
metallic  element  obtained  in  minute  quanti- 
>m  pitchblende    Bi  celemen  i .  [  <  L.  radius,  ray.] 
ra'di-us,  l  rfi'di-us;  2  r&'di-us,  ".    [ba'di-i,  1  -oi;  2  -i,  j>l.\ 
1.  A  straight  line  from  the  center  of  :i  circle  or  sphere  to 
ii  -  periphery.    '■!.  Tin-  I  mm-  ol  tin-  forearm  on  the  samo 
side  a^  the  thumb.    [I..] 
ra'dlx,  1  rCdiks;  2  r&'diks,  «.    [rad'i-cbs,  1  rad'i-slz;  2  rad'l- 
'i.i\-i-'-.  pi.]     \  cause,  source,  or  support 
of  anything.    Specifically:  (1)  Stym.  A  primitive  word  or 
form    rooi;  radical.     (2)  Math,  a  quantity  regarded  as  a 
or  fundamental   unit.     (3)   Biol.  A  root  or  root-like 
part;  radicle.     |l...  root. I 
rae,  1  rl  it.)  A  roe.    rae'<deer":. 

Kai-'burn,  1  r.'l.uni;  2  ra'burn,  Sir  Henry  (1756-1823).    A 

b  portralVpalnter. 
raff,  1  rof;  2  raf,  n.     1.  The  rabble;  rifl«rafl.    2.  [Kng.l  A 
rowdylsh  person,    -'t  .  A  disorderlj  collection.    [<  OF.  raf, 
<  raffer,  snatch,   ■     MHG.  raffen,  snatch.]     ralf'i.sh.  a. 
Resembling  raff;  woi 
Kaffa-«i,  i  raf't-el;  2  raf'a-«,  Kairaeiio  Banslo  d'Urblno 
'  1 1--.,   1520]      An  Italian  painter;  preeminent  as  a  drafts- 
man    :unl     oolorlst.        Ka'plia-el;.       Raf"fa-el-esquc', 
Ra|ih"a-i'l-<".(|uc',  n.     (  ■liaractcrlstlc  of,  or  In  the  Htyle  of 
Raflael       Raf'fa-el-lsm,  Raph'a-el-lsm,  n.     Raf'fa-el- 
Ite,  Raph'a-el-lte,  n. 
raf'fi-a,  1  rai'i-s;  2  raf'l-a,  n.    1.  A  cultivated  palm  of  Mada- 
r,  ol  which  the  leaves  furnish  Ober  for  making  hats, 

mais,  baskets,  etc.     '-J.  The  prepared  Ober  of  this  palm. 
[Mads  r.iph'l-a:;  rof'tl-a}. 

raffle)  i  1  rail;  2  rafl.    I.  tt.  &  ii.    (kaf'flkd,  baf'ld'; 
raf'l  .   )  ii.u  'i  i.in<;  ]    To  dispose  of  by  araffle;  take  part 
in  a  r.-itlle.     II.  n.     A  form  of  lottery  in  which,  an  as- 
i  value  of  an  article  having  been  divided  into 
-  or  "chances,"  the  article  is  disposed  of  among  the 
shareholders  by  lot.     1  <  G.OF  rajfrln,  intens.  of  raffen, 
snatch.]     raffling;, 
rafl,  1  ruft;  2  raft.     I.  vt.  &  vi.    To  transport  by  a  raft; 
travel  by  raf t.    II.  n.     A  float  of  logs  or  planks  fastened 
ther.    |<  fue.  raptr,  rafter.] — rafts'man,  n.    One 
who  manages  or  works  on  a  raft. 
raffer,  r».    A  rimber  or  beam  giving  form,  slope,  and  sup- 
port to  a  roof.     (<  AS.  rvftrr.] 
rag,  n.     1.  A  torn  piece  of  Cloth;  a  fragment  or  semblance 
■  thing,     'i.  pi.     Tattered  or  shabby  clothing.     3. 
A  jagged  or  sharp  edge,  as  of  metal  or  rock;  a  jutting 
luadland  or  crag.    4.  [JEng.]  Any  hard  rock  of  coarsely 


1:8=  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;     iu  =  fc>;d;    chin;    go;    rj  =  sing;    fhin,    this. 
643         2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    bQrn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,   this. 


racket 
rally- 
play  of  colors.— Rainbow  Division  (Recent.]  A  body  of 
troops  representative  of  the  United  States;   specifically,  the 

first  division  of  National  Army  to  join  the  American  Expedi- 
tionary Forces  in  France  in  1917. — raln'fall",  n.  1.  A 
shower.  2.  Amount  of  rain  for  a  definite  period—  rain '  ■■ 
gage",  n.  An  instrument  for  measuring  rainf all. — r.  •water, 
n.  Water  that  falls  or  has  fallen  directly  from  the  clouds, 
as  rain.— rain 'y,  a.  [rain'i-er;  rain'i-est.]— rain  T-lj  . 
adv. — raln'i-ness,  n. 

Rai'nier,  1  re'nlr;  2  ra'ner.  Mount.  A  dormant  volcano  in 
the  Cascade  range,  Washington;  14,363  ft.  high;  one  of  the 
highest  peaks  in  the  United  States. 

raise.  1  rez;  2  rag,  vi.  [raised;  rais'ing.]  1.  To  move  up- 
ward; cause  to  rise;  erect;  elevate;  build  or  pile  up.  'i. 
To  make  greater;  exalt;  promote.  3.  To  make  to  grow 
or  spring  up;  produce;  breed;  rear;  also,  to  bring  to  a 
state  of  life  or  activity,  as  from  death  or  exhaustion; 
revivify;  revive.  4.  To  stir  up,  as  to  action  or  emotion; 
rouse;  excite;  alarm.  5.  To  take  off;  put  an  end  to,  as  a 
siege.    [  <  Ice.  reisa,  <  risa,  rise.] 

Syn.:  aggrandize,  elevate,  erect,  exalt,  lift,  rear,  set  up, 
uplift.  The  use  of  raise  intransitively,  In  the  sense  ol  rtM 
(as,  "He  was  so  weak  that  he  could  not  raise"),  which  Is 
prevalent  in  some  parts  of  the  United  States,  is  a  vulgarism 
Raise  is  always  transitive;  "He  could  not  raise  his  hand,  bis 
head,"  etc.;  "He  raised  himself  (or  rose)  to  a  sitting  posture." 
See  heighten;  increase;  promote.— Ant.:  degrade,  de- 
press, humble,  lower,  put  down,  reduce,  sink. 

—raise,  n.  [Colloq.]  The  act  of  raising,  in  any  sense: 
increase;  acquisition. — rals'er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which 
raises  anything. — rais'ing,  n.  1.  The  act  or  process  of 
causing  to  rise,  in  any  sense.  2.  A  gathering  of  persons  for 
the  purpose  of  erecting  the  frame  of  a  building,  rais'ing; 
bee"J.'  3.  [New  Eng.  &  Prov.  Eng.]  Yeast. 

rai  'sin,  1  re'zn;  2  ra'sn,  n.    1.  A  grape  dried  in  the  sun  or 
in  an  oven,  and  used  for  dessert  or  in  cookery.     2"|\  A 
cluster  of  grapes;  a  single  grape.     [F.,  <  L.  ro, , 
bunch  of  grapes.] 

ral"son'  d'e'tre,  1  ra'zen'  de'tr;  2  re'soh'  de'tr.  Literally,  a 
reason  for  being;  a  reason  or  excuse  for  existing.    [FJ 

rai"son-ne',  1  ra"zo-ne';  2  re"so-ne',  a.  Arranged  analytically 
or  systematically;  logical;  as,  a  catalog  raisonni.  [F.,  pp. 
of  raisonner,  reason.] 

raj,  1  raj;  2  raj,  n.  Sovereignty;  rule.  [Hind.]— ra'Ja,  ra'- 
jah,  1  rd'ja  or  re'ja;  2  rii'ja  or  ra'jii,  n.  [Anglo-Ind.]  A 
Hindu  prince  or  chief  of  a  tribal  state  in  India;  often  a  mere 
title  of  distinction.    [  <  Sans,  rajan,  king.] 

Raj"pu-ta'na,  1  rfij"pu-ta'na;  2  raj'pu-ta'nfi,  n.  A  region 
in  N.  W.  British  India,  including  19  native  states;  128,987 
sq.  m.;  pop.  10,530,000.— ItaJ 'put,  n.  One  of  a  powerful 
and  warlike  Hindu  race.    KaJ  'pooti. 

rake1,  1  rek;  2  rak.  I'.  vt.  &  vi.  [raked;  rak'ing]  1. 
To  scrape  or  scratch  together  with  or  as  with  a  rake. 
2.  To  stir  or  loosen  with  a  rake;  use  a  rake.  3.  To  view 
or  examine  searchingly;  make  a  search;  ransack.  4. 
To  pass,  or  seem  to  pass,  over  with  the  motion  of  a 
rake;  scratch  or  scrape  lightly  over.  5.  To  cover  bj 
drawing  earth  or  other  material  over;  formerly,  t"  bury; 
inter;  hide.  6.  To  fire  along  the  length lof .  as  of  a  vee  el 
or  a  line  of  soldiers.  II.  n.  A  toothed  implement  for 
drawing  together  loose  material,  or  making  a  surlaee 
loose  or  smooth. — rak'er,  n.  One  who  or  dial  which 
rakes,  as  a  machine;  formerly  a  scavenger. 

rake2.  I1,  vi.  To  stand  out  of  perpendicular,  as  a  ship's 
masts;  incline.  II.  n.  Inclination  from  the  perpen- 
dicular or  horizontal.    [  <  Old  Sw  .  raka,  reach.] 

rake3.    [.  vi.    To  play  the  rake;  live  a  lewd,  d 
II.    n.  A  dissolute,  lewd  man;  debauchee.     rakc'hcM":. 
(  <  Ice.  rrttall,  wandering.) 

rak'isll1,  1  rek'ish;  2  rak'ish,  <i.     Naut.     II: 

unusually  inclined,  as  a  vessel.     -I>',  odd       -DC881,  n . 

rak'ish2,  a.  hike  or  behaving  like  a  rake;  dissolute; 
prodigal  e;  he  nee,  dashing;  jaunty,  -l.v  '.  "  •     -uess', 

Ba'ko-czy,  i  pfl'ko  in.:'  r&'ko  lay,  Francis  II.  (1878  I 
Prince  of  Transylvania  and   leader  ..f  the  revolution  "' 
i7o.;   it  1 1  again  bi  Austria      Oakocty  March,  the  national 

air  of  I  tungarj  .  named  afler  Hie  :il»n  , 
IC.il.Uli.   1   ro'h;  L'  ra'll.   Sir  Waller  (1582    1818),      \n   I  n- 

giish  navigator,  soldier,  and  authoi 
rail.,  abbi     '/;/      i  ii  i   Rail  ritand  ■     raduall      lower) 
ral'ly',  1  ral'i;2  r.'il'v      I...'   &m      [B    ral'li    INO.] 

I.  To  colled  .in.l  i. ■  t. .n  to  effecti  i  ordci  »nd  disci 
pline;  reunite  and  reanimate;  oall  togethci  for  any 
.'.,miim.iii  pui  pose     'J.  To  lummon  up;  n    ii  o;  ri 

II.  n      |n  M  'l  li  b*,  pi.]    1.  A  pn 

Bembli  i  ottered  troop       '•'■    \  rapid  n  <km  ei  \ 

,,i  :,  Qoi '"   i  condil  ion  aftei  e  thau  I  ion  "i  dopri 
rapid  exertion  oi   n 

Oilier,  ally. I      Syn.:  see  BNCOl  BAG!       rul'll-cr'.  ii 

ral'ly2,  vt.&vi,  Toattaol  with raillery;  joki    <    i  i    bantci 

(<  V.rnilh.  f       86  BAH  ...Ml 


granular  texture.  5f.  A  ragamuffin.  [  <  Ice.  rogg, 
tuft.]— rag 'ged,  a.  1.  Rent;  frayed.  2.  Wearing  shabby 
garments;  having  a  shabby  appearance.  3.  Rough,  broken, 
or  jagged,  as  in  outline;  also,  harsh;  dissonant:  used  literally 
and  figuratively.  Syn.:  see  rough. — rag'ged=rob"in,  n. 
A  British  plant  of  the  pink  family,  naturalized  in  the  eastern 
United  States.  It  grows  in  marshy  places  and  bears  red  or 
pink  flowers  in  loose  terminal  clusters. — rag'man,  n.  One 
who  makes  a  business  of  gathering  rags,  bones,  iron,  and 
other  waste,  as  from  ash*barrels  and  garbage^heaps.  rag'- 
pick"ert.— rag'time",  n.  [Local.U.  S.|  Syncopated  time  in 
dance»music,  as  in  negro  melodies. — rag'weed",  n.  A  com- 
mon weed  bearing  small  green  flowers  in  terminal  racemes. 

rag'a-niuf'fln,  n.  A  worthless  or  ragged  fellow;  a 
vagabond. 

rage,  1  rej;  2  rag.  I.  vi.  [raged;  rag'ing.]  1.  To  be 
furious  with  anger.  2.  To  speak  or  act  with  violence; 
rave.  3t«  To  sport  or  frolic.  II.  n.  1.  Violent  anger; 
wrath;  fury.  2.  Extreme  violence  or  intensity,  as  of  a 
fever  or  a  storm.  3.  Extreme  eagerness;  ardent  desire; 
ardor;  enthusiasm.  4.  [Colloq.]  Any  object  eagerly 
sought  after;  fad.  [<  F.  rager,  <  LL.  rabio,  rave,  < 
L.  rabies;  see  rabies.]  Syn.:  (verb)  chafe,  fret,  fume, 
storm.  For  synonyms  of  noun  see  anger;  violence. — 
Ant.:  The  antonyms  are  phrases  employing  the  verb  6c, 
with  various  adjectives  or  nouns;  as,  be  calm,  gentle,  pa- 
tient, etc. —  Prep.:  rage  at  delay;  against  restraint;  over  tri- 
fles.— rag'ing,  a.     Syn.:  see  fierce;  violent. 

Rag"na-rok',  1  rag"na-ruk';  2  riig'na-ruk',  n.  Norse  Myth. 
The  twilight  of  the  gods,  and  the  doomsday  of  the  world. 

ra-gout',  1  ra-gu';  2  ra-gu',  n.  A  highly  seasoned  dish  of 
meat  and  vegetables,  cut  fine  and  stewed;  hence,  some 
combination  regarded  as  spicy  or  piquant.     [F.] 

fta-gu'sa,  1  ra-gu'zn;  2  ra-gu'sa,  n.  1.  A  manufacturing  town 
urjS.  E.  Sicily;  pop.  32,000.  2.  An  ancient  fortified  seaport 
of  Dalmatia,  Austria=Hungary;  pop.  14,000. 

Ba'hab,  1  re'hab;2  ra'hab,  n.  Bib.  1.  A  harlot  of  Jericho  who 
sheltered  the  Israelite  spies.    Josh,  ii,  2.    2.  Egypt. 

Ra'hu,  1  ra'hu;  2  ra'hu,  n.  [Sans.]  Hindu  Myth.  A  monster 
that  causes  eclipses  by  swallowing  the  sun  and  moon. 

raid,  1  red;  2  rad.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  invade  suddenly; 
make  a  raid.  2.  [Colloq.]  To  enter  or  take  possession 
of  by  legal  force.  II.  n.  1.  A  hostile  or  predatory  in- 
cursion, as  by  a  rapidly  moving  body  of  troops;  foray. 
2.  [Colloq]  Any  sudden  invasion,  irruption,  or  capture. 
[<  Ice.  reidh;  cp.  road.)    Syn.:  see  invasion. — rald'er,  n. 

rail1, 1  rel ;  2  ral,  vt.  1.  To  shut  in  as  with  rails :  often  with 
off  or  in.  2.  To  lay  down  rails  upon,  as  for  a  railway. 
— rall'er',  n. 

rail2,  vi.  To  use  scornful,  insolent,  or  abusive  language; 
scold:  used  with  at  or  against,  formerly  with  on.  [  <  F. 
railler,  <  L.  rado,  scrape.]  Syn.:  see  abuse. — rall'er2,  n. — 
rail'lng,  pa. 

rail1,  n.  1 .  A  bar,  usually  of  wood  or  iron,  resting  on  sup- 
ports, as  in  a  fence,  at  the  side  of  a  stairway,  or  capping 
the  bulwarks  of  a  ship.  2.  One  of  a  series  of  parallel 
bars,  of  iron  or  steel,  resting  upon  cross=ties,  forming  a 
support  and  guide  for  wheels,  as  of  a  railway.  3.  A  rail- 
waytrack  considered  as  a  means  of  transportation. 
[  <  L.oF  regula,  rule.] 

rail2,  n.  A  marsh=haunting  wading  bird  having  very  short 
wings  and  tail,  and  long  legs,  toes,  and  bill.  See  bird. 
[<  F.  rale,  <  r&ler,  rattle.]    rail'=bird"t. 

rail'lng,  1  rel'in;2  ral'ing,  n.  1.  A  series  of  rails;  a  balustrade. 
2.  Ralls,  or  material  for  rails. 

rail'ler-y,  1  rSl'[or  ral/]ar-i;  2  ral'jor  ral']er-y,  n.     Merry 
jesting  or  teasing;   banter.     [<   F.  raillerie,  jesting.] 
Syn.:  see  banter;  wit. 

rail'road",  1  rSl'rod";  2  rfd'rod".  Id.  vt.  To  hurry  on  or 
accomplish  as  at  the  speed  of  a  railroad«train;  rush.  II. 
n.  [In  Great  Britain  railway  is  the  common  usage,  while 
in  the  United  States  railroad  is  more  common]  1.  A 
graded  road,  having  metal  rails  supported  by  sleepers  or 
ties,  for  the  passage  of  cars.  2.  The  system  of  tracks, 
stations,  rolling=stock,  etc.,  used  in  transportation  l.y 
rail.  3.  The  corporation  or  persons  owning  or  operating 
such  a  system.    rail'way"J. 

rai'miTil  ,,  1  rfi'ment  or  -mant;  2  nVmenl,  n.  Wearing-ap- 
parel; clothing:  now  used  only  In  the  singular.  |  •  aiiuav- 
ment.  n.,  <  array,  r.]    Syn.:  see  dress . 

Kai-iiioii'dl,  1  ral-men'dl;  2  rl-mdn'dt,  M  arrant  nolo  ( 1488? 
1546?).     An  Italian  engraver;  |. rote  a- of  Raffael 

rain,  1  n'u;  2  ran.  I.  vt,  &  vi  To  pour  down  like  rain; 
shower.    II.  n.    1.  The  condensed  vapor  of  the  atmoi 

phere  falling  to  the  earth  in  drops      't.  The  fall  of  sueh 

drops;  also,  a  fall  or  shower  of  anything  in  the  manner  ol 

rain,  or  the  substance  poured  down  |  -"  \S  mjn,  rm, 
rain.]  rain 'bow",  n.  1.  An  arch  of  light ,  seen  usual! .  al 
the  close  of  a  shower,  exhibiting  the  spectrum  colors,  and  due 

to  refraction,  reflection,  and  dispersion  of  light  In  drops  of 
water  falling  through  the  air.     'i.  Heine,  any  brilliant   11 


r.ii'i 

rtif 


,,,..-,  I  i  ..  n  ii  'III.  LOrii; 

ii  i  I  ,,.,....   -win, 


Ml 


Ki 
Ki 


1 

In, If  hi 

tlun   .Ir  >. 

i-<1.iii    . 

. 


.f  III.'  I 


Tin- 
ill.  I    the  annual 

K  iiii     i-iIIi.iii    :;  Run    a-/  hi 
l,  \    lllliilu 

;'iirv. 
ram    hi    ■     .  I.    n*.      [RAM'S! 

I. 

I  .  a  1 1   a  I  i  - 

I.    Po  wind 
II.  I.    i 

•  ut  with  change  of  direo- 
t.    \  meandering  path . 

...  stroll, 

•  a  track,  halt, 

r mi   hi.  r.  ram  'tillinc.    ,  I. 

-lj  . 

Iimiiirr,  Tin-.  publication  pubUahed  and 

i0    17.'.-' 

Louise  de  la  (IS 

.  da." 

ram  «-kin.  .  1 ,   \  seasoned  dlab 

■.'.     \    dish   III 

in,  any  dish  used  both 
r  mi  '.--quill  f. 

Rami — -.  Name  ot  13  Egyptian 

r.iin   i.  .  I.  rubby  ( 'hinose  and 

•  the  nettle 
family,  with  numerous  rod'liV 
and  large 

vely  in 

j  day  ]  ra'nn  i 
ram 'I.-. plant':.  ^ii^S   ' 

ram'l-f).  1  ram'i-foi;  2  r-im'i-fy.  rf.  A     **^U< ■    / 
-■  \  "in. i  ]      1 

. 

(  <  V- 

r.mi    i-li-.   i    ih hi. 

rmni-iii-.      .      ••  II,  named  In  bonor  of 

r-imii-ii. .  ram'l-Ileati 

r  iin   ll-l,' 

!-lli-»\  1  ram'i-llz;  2  ram'  lllage  In  central 

1706. 
ram 'mi-ii.  Like  a  ran 

r  .in    mi  ram   lilMl-n 

ra  'in..-.-.    .  Branching;   full   <>f 

I  <     L.     rumnsun,     <    ramus, 

r.i  i 

rani|i,   .  1.1.  T..  par  up,  BS  B  wild 

to  frolic; 

■a-  luxuriantly  ami  rankly,  :ts  a  pjant. 

ill.  lador  corridor. 

;.  mpion,  <.r  il 

t|.  A  leap  oi  ram'- 

pan-.  or    feeling,      ram'- 

pam.         I. 

an  Inclined  plan'-;  having 

as,  a  rampant  arch. 

rimp'l-l,    .      ram'pant-l). 

ram-p  i_-     .  '  iolloo,  )  I'- 

agi'   ■  -.Mth  anger  or 

ram  'page,         [bam'paoed; 

r mi  'paic-i  r.  ram-pa 'Ki-nus  <;      -ly, 

-ii.  -  lllont. 

ram-p  il'llari*.  A  roistering  fellow:  ruffian,     ram-pal'- 

ram'part,  1  ram 'port;  2  ran/part,  n.     1.  The  embank- 


Ramle. 


■   ..ii  which  the  parapet  1 1  i 
including  the  pai  ipi  t      2.   A   bulwark   oi 
i  «r,  .1.  i.  ml  I    raiii'- 

plri 

tic,  harrier,   breastwork,  di  I 
embankment,  fence,  fortlfloatlon,  guard,   mole, 

mound,  kih  "  B  > ».  di  i  I 

ram  pl-on,  I  on   n      \  i  uropean  peren 

titivated  in  uardena  for  Its  root,  which 

I    other  plants.     I  -.    It.  rum; 
I  turnip  | 

rem 'rod  i  1  i  un  rod  .  ~  i  Lm'rfid  .  n     A  rod  used  to  dri vi 
muiilcloading  gun  ..r  pi 

Uani'Mi,   n       I-    VII. in      ii  I,   i t.    The 

I.    v|r    \\  Mil. iiii       ! 

i-iii-ini  i    discoverer  ..(  atmospheric  gases;  received  ■  Nobel 

.  ii.-.  -i      v  borough  and  i     i  n 

gland;  pop  1  1018 

r:tm  'sh.ii  U"li-,  1 1    m    ha     I;  2  ram    hak"l,  a      vbout  to 
mil  aegleol .  8,  di 

lj  .  unsteady      |       I  very,  r,  wry.] 

run  '   -lam".    1    I >  forth     Eng.    A 

Soot  I     I.  ii.     Rash;  thoughtless;  precipitate      II,  n       i 

and  venturesome  i"  111.  ads,    w  ith  ra 

beedli  li  e  ramr,  strong,  I  si  imp  I 

ra'mii-.  .       IS.  n.     Iiu'mi,  1  r.'iiml.  2  r.Vinl.  pi.] 

...ii; ■  dl\  Islon  of  a  forked  struoture.    |i..| 

ran.  1  ran;  2  ran.  imp,  ol  Bl  n.  V. 

una  .  1  :•  ii  .;  2  ra'im.  n.  [BA'IUB,  1  re'nl;  2  nVnf\  pi.]  An 
amiililhlan  Ot  t lit-  Imi;  family;  a  frog.    [L.,  fmi:  I 

it  a  "na  ,  u.  Prince:  tin-  title  of  the  ruling  chief  in  various 
parts  nf  India;  as,  the  Rana  ..r  i  iholpur.    [Hind.] 

ranch,  1  rain-li;  2  ranch,  ».  1.  [Western I  8.]  ^estab- 
lishment for  rearing  "r  grafting  cattle  and  other  stock 
in  large  herds.  2.  A  farm:  the  original  meaning,  -i.  I  hi 
men    conducting    a    ranch.      (<    Sp.    rancho, 

rainhe..      ra  lull 'man,   n.      A   herdsman  on   a  rain-li,   "i 

the  owner  of  a  ranch,    ranelie'ro;. 

ran  vim.  l  ran  flio;  :.'  ran'cho,  n.  A  but,  or  «roui>  of  huts,  In 
which  ranchmen  lod  tookofarm;  ranch.  [8p    \m  i 

ran 'rid,  1  ran'aid;  2  r&n'cid,  a.  Having  the  peculiai 
tainted  BtneU  of  oily  substances  that  have  begun  to 
Bpoil;  rank;  bout.  |  <  I.,  roncu/us,  <  ranceo,  !»■  rancid  | 
ran-ciii'l-ty. n.   ran'cld-neesi. 

ran 'cor,  1  rarj'ker;  2  ran'eor,  n.  Bitter  and  vindictive 
enmity;  mahce;  Bpitefulness.  [OF.,  <  L.^ronceo,  bo 
rancid.]  ran 'court,  s.vn.:  see  enmity;  hatred. — ran'- 
cor-ous,  a.    Bynj  see  uaui  ioi  b. 

ran 'dan,  a,  I.  i  ng.]  A  boat  rowed  by  three  persons,  the 
one  amidships  having  two  oars  and  the  others  one  eacb.  2. 
[l'rov.  Km,-.)  (D  An  uproar.    (2)  A  disorderly,  riotous  person. 

Ran'dolph,  lohn,  ot  Roanoke  (1733  \^-v-i).  An  American 
erved  :«»  years  In  <  longreas. 

ran  (loin.  1  ran'dem;  2  ran'dom.  I.  a.  Done  or  clm-i-n 
without  definite  aim  or  deliberate  purpose;  chance;  cas- 
ual. II.  "  1.  W  ant  of  definite  aim  or  intention;  chance: 
now  only  in  phrase  at  random  f haphazard).  '£.  Some- 
thing done,  made,  or  chosen  without  method.  [  <  <  IF. 
randan,  force  1 

ran'ilj,   /  1  ran'ili:  2  ran'ily.     (Scot.)    I:  a.     Disorderly*,  riot- 

ran'dle,  >  ous.    OL.n.    l.  An  Impudent  beggar.    2.  A  holstcr- 
mp:  also,  a  virago.    [<    bant.]   ran'tyt. 

raiiK,  1  ratj:  2  rant:.  Imp.  Of  B 

range,  1  r6nj  [banged;  bano'inq.]    1. 1.    I. 

Xo  p  by,  or  over,  especially  in#  search  for 

thing;  wander  along.    2.  To  put  01  sel  in  a  row  01 

rows;  ;t-  To  olassify;  rank     II.  i.    1. 

To  proceed  mder;  roam.    2.  To  lie  in 

the  same  direction.    8.  To  have  equal  rank  or  place.    4. 

applied  to  l»>ili  length  and  airei  I  ion 

ranu.  rank,   <   G.  ring,  rlni;.)     Syn.:  see 

bauble;  wakdxb. 

range,  n.    1.  The  area  over  which  anything  moves  or  is 

buted,  or  the  limits  in  time  of  the  appearand  ol 

anything,    2.  A  tract  "i  land  for  grazing  cattle,    3.  The 

i  t..  which  any  power  can  l»-  made  effective;  extent 

:  a  force  or  an  ins!  rument ;  as,  the  range 

perature;  the  range  of  a  firearm. 

L  A  place  I  I  at  a  mark.    S.  A  Line  or  row;  a 

..r  chain,  as  of  mountains.    «.  A  row  of  tow  i 

ilea  in  width,  between  two  meridian  Lines.    7.  'I  he 

...  .-.l  as  a  seri< 

Bcopi      - .  der.    ».  A  large  iron  cook- 

i.mlt  intoa  fircplaf-e.— rang'er, 

i.  One  nf  an  armed  band,  designed  to  protect  or  ravage 

a  country.    2.  A  gamekeeper.    3.  A  huritiriu-doB.-   raiiK'y, 

a.    i.  i  roam,  or  adapted  for  roving,  as  cattle, 

2.    Affording    Wide    ran-.-;    room.-,.      A.    Adapted    foi 
reach  Of  movement,  as  a  home  or  Steer  With  long  legs  and 
light  body.    4.  Resembling  a  mountain  range;  rugged. 


1:3=  final;    1  =  habit^    aisle;     Ml  =  oat;     eil;     iu  =  frud;    eliin;     go;    rj  =  sing;    thin,    this. 
645  2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;    ink;    thin,    this. 


rum 
rare 


Kan-goon ',  1  ran-gun';  2  ran-goon',  n.  A  city,  capital  of  the 
district  of  this  name  and  of  Lower  Burma;  pop.  293,000. 

rank',  1  rank;  2  rank,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  place  in  an  order, 
class,  or  grade;  classify  according  to  rank;  estimate.  2. 
To  form  in  line;  range.  3.  [U.  S.]  To  take  precedence 
of  in  respect  to  rank.  II.  i.  To  hold  a  specified  place  or 
grade;  have  rank.    Syn.:  see  class:  sort. 

rank,  a.  1.  Very  vigorous  and  flourishing  in  growth,  as 
from  fertilization  or  moisture.  2.  Strong  and  disagree- 
able to  the  taste  or  smell.  3.  Intense  or  thorough,  in 
unfavorable  sense.  4.  Producing  a  luxuriant  growth: 
fertile.  5.  Mech.  Strong  or  deep.  [<  AS.  ranc,  strong.] 
-ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

rank,  n.  1.  A  series  of  objects  ranged  in  a  line  or  row; 
a  line  of  soldiers  side  by  side:  opposed  to  file  or  column. 
2.  pi.  The  order  of  common  soldiers:  with  the  definite 
article.  3.  Relative  position;  grade;  degree.  4.  High 
degree  or  position.  5.  Degree  of  worth  or  excellence. 
[<;F.  rang;  see  range,  v.] 

Ran'ke,  1  rar/ka;  2  ran'ke,  Leopold  von  (1795-S8S6).  A 
German  historian;  History  of  the  Popes. 

ran'kl(ep,  1  ran'kl;  2  ran'kl,  vi.  (ran'kl(e)d;  ran'kling.] 

1.  To  irritate;  inflame;  cause  lingering  distress  or  irrita- 
tion. 2.  To  become  irritated  or  inflamed;  fester,  as  a 
wound;  become  violent,  as  resentment.  [Freq.  < 
rank,  a.] 

ran 'sack',  1  ran'sak;  2  ran'sak,  vt.  &  vi.  To  search 
through;  explore  or  rummage  every  part  of.  [<  Ice. 
rann,  house,  +  saka,  hurt,  seek.]    Syn.:  see  examine. 

ran'som,  1  ran'sam;  2  ran'som.  I.  vt.  1.  To  secure  the 
release  of,  as  a  person  or  property,  from  bondage,  deten- 
tion, etc.,  for  a  price.  2||.  To  rescue.  II.  n.  1.  The 
consideration  paid  for  the  release  of  a  person  or  prop- 
erty captured  or  detained;  also,  formerly,  a  heavy  fine. 

2.  Release  purchased,  as  from  captivity.    [  <  F.  rangon, 

<  L.  redemptioi.n-),  redemption.]  Syn.:  see  deliver.- — ran'- 
som-er,  re. — ran 'some-less,  a. 

rant,  1  rant;  2  rant.  Id.  vi.  1.  To  speak  in  loud,  violent, 
or  extravagant  language;  declaim  vehemently;  rave.  2. 
[North.  Eng.  &  Scot.]  To  frolic  noisily:  be  uproariously 
jolly.  II.  n.  Declamatory  and  bombastic  talk.  [  < 
OD.  ranlen,  be  enraged.] — rant'er,  re.  One  who  rants;  a 
noisy,  boisterous  speaker  or  declaimer:  applied  opprobri- 
onsly  to  various  religious  sects. — rant'ing,  pa.    -ly,  mlr. 

rant'i-pole,  1  rant'i-pol;  2  rant'i-pol,  a.  Having  or  charac- 
terized by  boisterous  manners;  wild;  romping;  rakish. 

ran'tle=tree",  1  ran'tMrt";  2  ran'tUtre".  A  Y=shaped  beam, 
as  in  a  fireplace,  from  which  to  suspend  a  pot.  ran'nels 
tree"t. 

Ra-nun"cu-Ia'ce-ae,  1  ra-nurj"kiu-le'si-I;  2  ra-nun"eu-la'ce-e, 
re.  pi.  Bot.  An  order  of  herbaceous  or  woody  plants,  the 
crowfoot  or  buttercup  family.— Ra-nun'cu-lus,  re.  Bot. 
1.  The  typical  genus  of  Ranunculacese.  2.  [r-]  A  plant  of 
this  genus;  buttercup.     [<  L.  ranunculus,  medicinal  plant, 

<  rana,  frog.] 

rap",  1  rap;  2  rap,  vt.  &  vi.  [rapped1;  rap'ping.]  1.  To 
strike  sharply  and  quickly;  hit.  2.  To  utter  in  a  short, 
sharp  manner;  as,  to  rap  out  an  oath. 

rap2,  vt.  [rapt  or  rapped';  rap'ping.]  1.  To  snatch.  2. 
To  seize  or  transport  as  with  ecstasy;  carry  away:  now 
chiefly  in  past  participle  rapt.     [  <  Sw.  rappa,  seize.] 

rap1,  n.  A  sharp  blow;  a  knock  or  its  sound.  [<  Sw. 
rappa,  rap.]    Syn.:  see  blow. 

rap2,  n.  Formerly,  a  debased  coin  worth  about  half  a 
farthing,  that  passed  for  a  halfpenny  in  Ireland  (1721- 
1737);  hence,  anything  worthless;  as,  I  don't  care  a 
rap.     [Contr.  of  rapparee,  <  Ir.  rapaire,  robber.] 

rap3,  n.    A  lay  or  skein  of  yarn  containing  120  yards. 

ra-pa'cious,  1  ra-pS'shus;  2  ra-pa'shtts,  ".  1.  (liven  to 
plunder  or  rapine;  extortionate;  grasping.  2.  Subsist- 
ing on  prey  seized,  with  violence,  as  a  hawk.  Syn.:  see 
avaricious.  -\y,adr.     ra-pac'i-ty,  n.  ra-pa'rlous-nessi. 

rape',  vt.  &  vi.  To  ravish;  commit  rape;  carry  violently 
away;  capture  or  carry  off  anything  by  force.  [  <  Sw. 
rappa,  snatch,  and  L.  rapio,  seize.]    Syn.:  see  violate. 

rape1,  1  rep;  2  rap,  it.  1.  Forcible  violation  of  womanly 
chastity.    2.  A  capturing,  or  snatching  away,  by  force. 

rape2,  n.  Either  of  two  weedy  Old  World  annual  allied 
to  the  turnip,  of  which  the  seeds  yield  an  oil.  [<  L. 
rapum,  turnip. j 

rape',  n.  1.  /;/.  In  wlncmaklng,  refuse  stalks  and  skins  of 
grapes.  2.  A  Biter  used  in  vinegar-making.  ,i.  Loose  grapes 
separated  from  the  cluster.  [OF.,  grape«8talk,  <  OHO. 
ruspon,  sweep  off.  rasp  I 

Raph'a-el,  1  raf'i-el  or  rc'fi-el:  2  raf'a-el  or  rft'fa-el,  n.  1.  Bib. 
(Apocrypha).    An    angel;    Introduced    In    Milton's    Paradise 

Lost     Tobit  nil  16.    2.  Same  as  Raffael. 

rap 'id,  1  rap'ld;  2  rap'id.  I.  a.  1.  1  la\  in;'  great  speed  ; 
swift:  used  literally  or  figuratively.  2.  Quickly  done  or 
completed.    II.  n.    A  descent  in  a  river  less  abrupt  than 


a  waterfall:  usually  in  the  plural.  [<  L.  rapirlus,  < 
rapio,  seize.]  Syn.:  see  swift. — ra-pid'1-ty,  n.  rap'ld- 
ness|.— rap'id-ly,  adv. 

ra'pi-,er,  1  re'pi-ar;  2  ra'pi-cr,  n.  A  light,  long,  and  nar- 
row sword  for  thrusting.  [  <  F.  rapiere,  <  Sp.  raspa- 
dcra,  raker.] 

rap'ine,  1  rap'in;  2  rap'in,  n.  1.  The  talcing  of  property 
by  superior  force,  as  in  war;  spoliation.  2f.  Violence; 
force.  [F.,  <  L.  rapina,  plunder,  <  rapio,  seize.j 
Syn.:  see  plunder. 

rap'ing,  1  rep'irj;  2  rap'ing,  pa.  I.  Her.  Tearing  its  prey,  as 
a  lion  or  tiger.     2|l.  Transporting;  ravishing. 

Rap"pa-lian'noek,  1  rap"a-han'ak;  2  rap"a-han'ok,  re.  A 
river  in  N.  Virginia;  130  m.  to  Chesapeake  Bay. 

rap"pa-ree',  1  rap"a-rl';  2  rap'a-re',  n.  An  armed  robber  In 
Ireland;  hence,  a  vagabond.     [<  Ir.  rapaire,  robber] 

rap-pee',  1  ra-pl';  2  ra-pe',  n.  A  dark,  coarse,  strong3 
flavored  snuff.    [  <  F.  rape,  rasped  or  grated.] 

rap'per,  1  rap'ar;  2  rap'er,  re.  1.  One  who  raps;  a  spiritualist 
medium.    2.  A  knocker,  as  at  the  mouth  of  a  minlng«shaft. 

rap-port',  1  ra-port'  or  (F.)  ra"por';  2  ra-port'  or  {F.)  rii'por', 
n.  Harmony  of  relation;  accordance;  sympathetic  relation: 
commonly  with  in  or  in  French  with  en.     [F.,   =  report.] 

rap-seal 'lion,  1  rap-skal'yan;  2  rap-scal'yon,  re.  A  vagabond; 
rascal.    [For  rascallion,  <  rascal.]    ras-cal'lionl. 

rapt,  1  rapt;  2  rapt,  pa.  Enraptured;  transported,  as 
with  ecstasy.    [  <  L.  raptus,  pp.  of  rapio,  ravish.] 

rap'ture,  1  rap'Chur  or  -tiur;  2  rap'chur  or  -tur.  I.  vt.  To 
enrapture;  transport.  II.  re.  1.  The  state  of  being  rapt  or 
transported;  ecstatic  joy;  ecstasy.  2.  The  act  of  transfer- 
ring a  person  from  one  place  to  another;  as,  Elias's  rapture 
to  heaven.  3.  An  act  or  expression  of  excessive  delight.  4||. 
The  violence  of  that  which  seizes  and  carries  away.  5f.  A 
snatching  away;  violent  seizure. 

Syn.:  bliss,  delight,  ecstasy,  exultation,  happiness,  joy, 
rejoicing,  transport,  triumph.  Rejoicing  is  happiness  or 
joy  that  finds  utterance  in  word,  song,  festivity,  etc.  De- 
light is  vivid,  overflowing  happiness  of  a  somewhat  tran- 
sient kind;  ecstasy  is  a  state  of  extreme  or  extravagant 
delight  so  that  the  one  affected  by  it  seems  almost  beside 
himself  with  joy;  rapture  is  closely  allied  to  ecstasy,  but  Is 
more  serene,  exalted,  and  enduring.  Transport  is  the  con- 
dition of  one  carried  away  out  of  himself  by  some  power- 
ful passion  or  emotion,  whether  joyous  or  the  reverse;  one 
may  be  thrown  into  a  transport  of  rage,  grief,  or  terror,  as 
well  as  of  joy.  Triumph  is  such  joy  as  results  from  victory, 
success,  achievement.  See  enthusiasm:  happiness. — Ant.: 
agony,  apathy,  dejection,  despair,  distress,  ennui,  horror, 
misery,  pain,  tedium,   torture,  wo,  wretchedness. 

— rap'tur-ous,  a.  Being  in  a  state  of,  exhibiting,  or 
characterized  by  rapture.     Syn..  see  happy,    -ly,  adv. 

Rap-to'res,  1  rap-to'riz;  2  rap-to'res.,  n.  pi.  Ornith.  An  or- 
der or  suborder  of  birds  with  the  bill  strongly  hooked 
and  toes  3  in  front  and  1  behind,  as  hawks,  owls,  etc.; 
birds  of  prey.  [L.,  robbers,  pi.  of  raptor,  robber,  <  rapio, 
seize.]    Rap"ta-to'resJ. 

rap-to'ri-al,  1  rap-to'n-al;  2  rap-to'ri-al.  I.  a.  1.  Seiz- 
ing and  devouring  living  prey.  2.  Adapted  for  seizing 
and  holding  prey,  as  talons,  etc.  II.  n.  A  bird  of  prey, 
one  of  the  order  Raptores.     [Ult.  <  L.  rapio,  seize.] 

rare1,  1  rar;  2  rar,  a.  [rar'er;  rar'est.]  1.  Of  infrequent 
occurrence.  2.  Highly  esteemed  because  of  iiifrecnieney 
or  uncommonness;  valuable;  choice.  3.  Rarefied:  now 
chiefly  of  the  atmosphere.     [F.,  <  L.  rarus,  rare.] 

Syn.:  curious,  extraordinary,  incomparable,  Infrequent, 
odd,  peculiar,  precious,  remarkable,  scarce,  singular,  strange, 
uncommon,  unique,  unusual.  Extraordinary,  signifying 
greatly  beyond  the  ordinary,  is  a  neutral  word,  capable  of  a 
high  and  good  sense  or  of  an  invidious,  opprobrious,  or  con- 
temptuous signification;  as.  extraordinary  genius;  ixiraor- 
dinary  wickedness;  an  extraordinary  display;  extraordinary 
remedies;  an  extraordinary  assumption  of  power;  extraordi- 
nary antics;  an  extraordinary  statement  is  incredible  without 

overwhelming  proof.  Unique  Is  alone  of  its  kind;  rare  Is 
infrequent  of  Its  kind;  great  poems  are  rare;  "Paradise 
Lost"  is  unique.     To  Say  Of  a  thing  thai   It   Is  nirr  is  simply 

to  affirm  that  it  is  now  seldom  Found,  whether  previously 
common  or  not;  as,  a  run  old  book;  a  ran  word;  to  call  a 
thing  scarce  implies  thai  it  was  at  some  time  more  plentiful, 
as  when  we  say  food  or  money  is  snircf  \  particular  fruit 
or  coin  may  be  rare;  scarce  applies  to  demand  and  use,  and 
almost  always  to  concrete  things;  to  speak  of  virtue,  genius, 

or  heroism  asscarce  would  be  somen  bat  ludicrous.  Pun  lias 
the  added  sense  of  preciOUS,  which   Is  sometimes,   but  not 

i"  I-     larlly,  blended  with  that  above  given;  as,  a  rori 

See  CHOICE;  EXTRAORDINARY;  niiiou  ii;;  odd.  Ant.:  see 
synonyms  for  COMMON,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  ;/.  rare'bll,  //. 
[Erroneous.]  A  Welsh  rabbit,  rar  e-fy,  Vt.  A-  vi.  To  make 
ran-  or  less  dense;  expand  by  the  dispersion  of  the  particles. 
— rar'V-fac'lloii,  n.  rar'V-li-cu'tloiil.  rar'e-fl"a-l>le, 
a.— rar  '1-1  y,  n.  1.  The  quality  Of  being  rare,  rare 'ness  i. 
'i.  Something  valued  for  Its  scarceness. 

rare2,  a.  [U.  B.]  Not  thorough!}  cooked:  applied  in  the  i ' nit- 


n  - 


r  .».h. 
ra»h   . 


r»-h 


-.   ,:   h 
l 
r.i~   .  .il-l>  .    I. 

- 

•  I    ori- 

-1)   .  -Ill-s, 

I     l<  ] 

■■ill 


1.1  A  ion  'if  curled  hair  nr  the  like, 

with  the  natural  Lair  rolled  over  it. 


K*-M.  r.  ►,  The  Oallinx. 

ish,  n  1 

..iu;  the 

1  .  I .  peor  nr:it <-  as 

roughly; 
II.         I . 

niH-tna- 

: . 

i  i-p  er,  it  «  Men  raspe. 

-    -    .  r».     [-RIK81,  ;'.'  1     1. 

i,  having  a  thimbli 
.'. 
■  f.  n.) 
Bi-'-'-l.i-. 
this  name  t  a  search  for  happiness 

he  ninls  th.i"  - 

r.ii.  ]  I .  .  -.  i  1 1  i>':  rai  'i  >-.  .  ]     1. 

•  b  non-union  won. 

.  union  prices.    3.  [Slang, 

party.     4.  Ti>  hunt 

rats     II.         l.  Lent  infesting  nouses,  barns,  ships, 

nder  head,  and  loo 

.1  like  or  likened  to  tie- 

;.  d  who  worl  -  than  the 

i  striker;  in 

r  I'rmii  a  party;  a  I  * 

I 

r»i"»-n'a.  i  rat"  -?.'■>  2  rafa-fTa,  n.    1.  A  cordial  D 

■  d  on  the  essential  oil 
r.il    i-|. 
ra-tan.  itan. 

ratrh.  I  .'it.  To  sail  by  the  wind  r,n 

id)  •  i;         i  tenet  or  ratchevwheeL    2.  [Eng  i 

: 

r.iii  h  •  ' .  A  im-'-hiiruHm  consisting 

.f  which  ,-n- 

•  '.tioii  of  the 

r.il'  b    :  ran  li 
■I 

hat'- 

IN',  j  I.  I  .  * 

i. 

val'.-  .'■  pawL    5. 

.:. 

comparison  with  a 
ard      1 1.  -   :ik  or  value. 

Syn_  r.it',-1.1  .    .        r.iii' i-hh:.  -rat'- 

rat"  i-iill  l-t  s .  'i      rat  'a-hh  -i 
ig',  i  rdlng  to  a  standard: 

grad-  man.   2.  ••  rained 

With  a  standard 
rate*'-,  rail  at; 

r.it  lag  .  \  Iding. 

1  ■  relation  to  a 

proportional  mount  or  de- 

F  value;  pric       ■'•■  ,       rank  or  class  of 

t.  Harol.  The  amount 

of  variation  of  a  timepiece;  gain  or  .-.da.    5. 


lilt.  I-    I  •>  ■"        •>      <>       full,  rOlr;    I. IK.  Iiftrn; 

'      i  i  i  ii    .    tilt. 

|(  'it   Uni  |    '  lion  i ■  i ■  ■  i ..  n  \  foi  local  pu 

(rum    i  i  ,\  !•■  i  be  •■■■%  •  re  ign      ti  .    \ 
.i      [OF.,  <  L."  rattu .  fixed  ] 

Ifcr.f  r.ilh,  • 

I 
i   u  1 1   .  r.    '  I.  With 

more  a illingl)      '!.  w  II  h 

triotly  oi  a, . -in. ii,  K 
• 

l.i.  •  •  dingl]     hi   an   ironical 

r.ilh  Yr-«-st. 
I  nil 
r.il  li  -  'ki-l-l.  i .  ■  ■     ii       |i  .  ]      t  ||.  i .  1 1 1  -.  , 

cellar  ol  the  city-ball   often  used  In  <  •  •  rtnanj  as  ■  bocr-hali 
it      in  the  i  a  I  ted  States  and  England,  a  bass 
niriii  i  ui  .mi  nf  the  i  ■ 

r.ii  i-i).  l  rat  'i-foi  |  '  ii  i'.    i  i   in..  |    I.  I'.. 

Official  Ol    aill  l,i.nl;ili\  i-  .-.-1111- 

n.'ii.  to;  make  valid  l«\  approving,  especially  a*  a  prin- 
cipal regarding  the  work  of  an  agent;  confirm,    ■;  .   i   ■ 
I     i       ''■.-    I .  ,  ■'  .  .  ii \.  'I.    •  facio,  make  | 
S\  n    accept,  agree  to,  approve,  confirm,  consent    to, 
corroborate,  endoi  lustlf) .  sanction,  seal,  settle, 

substantiate,  validate.    Bee  issent;  coNruui;  jusTirt 
Ant.:  abolish,  abrogate,  annul,  cancel,  deny,  disavow,  dis- 
own,  extinguish,  nullify,  repeal,  rescind,  revoke,     rafi-ii- 
ra'iinii.  n     The  act  of  ratifying,     rat'l-n"cr,  H.    One  who 
ur  confirms, 
ra'll-o,  l  n-'-hi-ii;  2  ra/shi-o,  ".     1.  Relation  of  degree. 
nun  ii.  r,  etc  ;  proportion;  rate.    2.  The  relation  between 
two  numbera  or  magnitudes  "i  the  same  kiml      1  . 
argument,    [I..] 
ra"ti-nr"i-ii.i'tion,   1   rash"i-<>s'Vin" 'sli..n;  2  r&sh'MSc'i- 
na'shon,  n.  Tin  deduction  ol  conclusions  from  pn  i 

Ding;  an  argument.     [<   L,  ratiocinor  (pp.  raiio- 

ctnaxus),   <  rati",  reason.]    Syn.:  see  ai  isomxno,     ra'ii- 

iM-'l-nant.  a.      Reasoning,     ra"tl-o«-'l-nate,   r(.     [-nat*- 

bd;  --.  make  a  deduction  from  premises;  reason. 

raiion,  i  i,     |  an  oi  i  i  h'en;  2  r&'shon  or  rash'on,  n,    A 

fixed  allow  ml,  for  a  day.-    Iron 

ration  i  Mil  >.  canned  beef,  hardtack,  Jam,  ami  tea;  emer- 
gency I 
ra'(i<ni-al,  i  :_'  rash'on-al,  a.    1.  Possessing 

the  faculty  of  reasoning.    '£.  Conformable  to  reason; 
judieioi  -      :i.  r  rtaining  to  reason;  attained  by  rear 
soning.  4.  Pertaining  to  rationalisno.  5.  Math.  Expres- 
sible as  the  ratio  oi  two  whole  numbers  or  entire  quan- 
tities,    (i  >I'\,  <  L.  rationaiia,  <  mtimn-),  reason.] 
Syn.:  reasonable,    a  manual  mind  is  one  that  Is  capable 
ordinary  and  normal  processes  of  thought .  a  r<  a  \onablt 
mood  is  one  at   the  time  susceptible  to  the  Influenoe  of 
reasons,    a  rational  man  is  capable  of  using  his  reasoning 
powers;  a  rta  onabU  man  lias  them  habitually  In  exercise 
nal  Is  opposed  to  h  to  col,  mit- 

lonarv.     See  saciai  lot  s; 
ra"tlo-na'le,  n.     1.  A  rational  exposition  of 
principles.    2.  The  logical  basis  of  a  tact;  the  reason  or  rea- 
oollectlvely.  -  ra'tion-aJ-lsm,  «     i.  Tne  formation  of 

opinions  by  relying  upon  n-a.-on  alone,  lndepcnili-ntly  of 
authority  or  of  revela! Ion:  opposed  to  upcr naturalism.  2. 
PhiXos.  The  doctrine  that  reason  furnishes  certain  elements 

thai    underlie  experience,  and   without    Which  experience  Is 

Ibii     opposed  '"  empbleltm.    ra'tion-ai-1-.t,  n 
ra"tlon-al-ls't|c   or   -tl-cal.   ';.     ra"tlon-al-N'tl-cal-l>, 
ra"tloii-al'l-t>,  n.      I.  Sanity:  reasonalilene.ss;  natu- 
ralness.    2,  The  cause  or  reason;  rationale. — ra'tlon-al-ly, 
ra'tloii-al-ncs,  n. 
Hat  'Is-lmn,  1  raflS-ben;  -!  rat'lS-bfin,  n.    A  commercial  town 

In  central  Havarla;  pop.  52,600.     Kat 'Is-lxmnet. 
rat  'It e,  1  rat'alt;2  rat'n.  a.  Ornith.  Having  no  keel  upon  the 
Iches,  emUS,  etc.     [<  L.  ratltus,  marked 

with  the  figure  of  a  raft,  <  ratts,  raft.j 
ratline,  1  rWhn;  -  ratlin,  n.    One  of  the  small  ropes 
ahrouda  "f  a  ship,  used  as  the  rounds 
of  a  ladder  tor  going  aloft  or  descending      See  shrouds. 
K  kat.  n..  +  i.iM  .  "  ;     rat'lln:;  rat'llnn;. 
ra-tonii',  1  rs-tun';  2  ra-toon'.     I.  St.     To  sprout  from  a 
root  planted  the  previous  year.    II.  n.    1.  A  new  shoot 
from  the  root  oi  a  cropped  plant,  as  from  a  sugar-cane. 
'i.  i  me  of  the  heart»leaves  in  a  tobacco'plant.    f<  Hind, 
rat-toon':, 
rats'baiic",  n.     Hat-poison,  as  arsenious  oxid. 
rat-t.m',  I  1  ra-tan';  2  raV-tan',  n.    1.  The  flexible  stem  of 
ra-tan',    fa  palm  growing  in  East  India,  Africa,  and 
alia     ';.  a  c  i  tch  ol  rattan.    [<  Malay 

rtiian.  rattan.) 
rat-teen',  n.     A  thick  woolen  twilled  stufT.    [<  F.  ratim  1 
rat'ten.  1  rafn:2  r.it'n. '/     To  persecute  or  harass  because  of 
to  join  or  obey  a  trade>unlon,  as  by  removing  tools 

or  spoiling  materials  from  the  bumOTOUS  attribution  of  the 
damage  to  rats,     rat  'ten-er,  n.  —  rat'ten-lug,  n. 


1:8=  final;    l  =  habit:    aisle:    ou  =  crat:    oil:    iu  =  feud:    <fhin;    go;    n  =  sins;    thin,    this.    raree*Show 
647  2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  re™ 


rat'tle, \  1  rati;  2  rat'l.    I.  vt.  &  vi.    [rat'tled,  rat'ldp; 

rat'lp,  }  rat'tling.]  1.  To  make  a  series  of  hard,  sharp 
sounds  in  rapid  succession;  clatter.  2.  To  utter  or  pro- 
duce in  a  rapid  and  noisy  manner.  3.  [Colloq.]  To 
throw  suddenly  into  confusion ;  disconcert ;  agita te  ;daze; 
affect  by  or  as  by  rattling.  II.  re.  1.  A  series  of  short, 
sharp  sounds  in  rapid  succession,  as  from  the  collision 
of  small,  hard  objects.  2.  A  plaything,  implement,  etc., 
adapted  to  produce  a  rattling 
noise;  as,  a  watchman's  rattle,  or 
the  series  of  loose  horny  rings  in 
the  tail  of  a  rattlesnake.  3.  Rapid 
and  noisy  talk ;  chatter.  4.  One  who 
talks  fast  and  foolishly.  [<  AS. 
*hrxlelan.\     Syn.:     (verb) 


Rattlesnaki 


see  shake;  (noun)  see 
noise.  —  rat'tle-braln", 
n.  A  rattlepate.  —  r.= 
brained,  a.  —  rat 'tie- 
pate",  re.  A  talkative, 
flighty  person ;  foolish  chat- 
terer. rat'tle-head"J; 
rat  'tie-skull"!. — r.  =pat- 
ed,  a.  r.sheadedt.  — 
rat'tler,  re.  One  who 
or  that  which  rattles;  a  rattlesnake. — rat'tle-snake",  n. 
A  venomous  American  snake,  having  loose  hornlike  rings 
on  the  tail  that  rattle  when  shaken. — rat'tle-trap",  re.  Any 
rickety,  clattering,  or  worn*out  article. 

rat'tling.  1  rat'hn;  2  rat'ling,  pa.  [Slang.]  Attracting  atten- 
tion, like  a  rattle;  lively  or  surprizing:  used  also  adverbially. 

rat-toon'1  *  2,  n.     Same  as  rattan;  ratoon. 

Ranch,  1  rauH;  2  touh,  re.  1.  Christian  Daniel  (1777-1857), 
a  German  sculptor.  2.  Friedricu  August  (1806-1841),  a 
German=American  theologian  and  educator. 

rau'cle,  1  re'kl;  2  ra'el,  a.  [Scot.]  Rough;  harsh;  strong; 
fearless.    [<  Ice.  reikall;  see  rakehell.] 

rau'cous,  1  ro'kus;  2  ra'eiis,  a.  Rough  in  sound;  hoarse; 
harsh.  [<  L.  raucus, hoarse.]  rau'cidj.— rau'ci-ty, 
n. — rau'cous-ly,  adv. 

rav'age,  1  rav'ij;  2  rav'ag.  I.  vt.  [rav'aged;  rav'ag- 
ing.]  To  lay  waste  as  by  pillage  or  other  destructive 
action;  despoil.  II.  re.  Violent  and  destructive  action, 
or  its  result;  ruin;  desolation.  [F.,  <  ravir  ( <  L.  rapio), 
snatch.]    Syn.:  see  violate.— rav'ag-er,  re. 

Ra"vail"lac',  1  ra'va'yak';  2  ra"va"yac',  Francois  (1578- 
1610).    A  French  fanatic  who  assassinated  Henry  IV. 

Ra"va-russ'ka,  1  ra"va-rus'ka;  2  ra"va-rus'ka,  re.  A  town  in 
Galicia;  Russians  victorious  over  Austrians  Sept.  10,  1914. 

rave,  1  rev ;  2  rav,  vt.  &  vi.  [raved;  rav'ing.]  1.  To  say 
or  utter  wildly  or  incoherently.  2.  To  express  oneself 
with  passion  or  zeal.  3.  To  act  or  move  boisterously 
and  noisily;  rage,  as  a  torrent.  [  <  OF.  raver,  <  L.  rabio, 
rave.]    Syn.:  see  rage.  [car  or  sleigh. 

rave,  n.     A  vertical  side»piece  in  a  wagon=body,  or  In  a  hand* 

rav 'el,  1  rav'l;  2  rav'l,  vt.  &  vi.  [rav'eled  or  -elled, 
rav'eld8;  rav'el-ing  or  -el-ling.]  1.  To  take  apart 
the  fibers  or  threads  of;  disengage;  disentangle;  unravel: 
often  with  out:  used  figuratively  of  any  perplexity.  2||. 
To  tangle  or  become  tangled,  involved,  or  confused:  the 
original  sense.  [<  MD.  ravelen,  tangle.] — rav'el-ing, 
n.  1.  A  thread  or  threads  raveled  from  a  fabric.  '!.  The 
act  of  raveling;  the  process  of  being  raveled,    rav'ol-llnr;}. 

rave'Iin,  1  rav'hn;  2  rav'lin,  ra.  Fort.  An  outwork  with 
two  faces  forming  a  salient  angle  at  the  front . 

rav'en1,  1  rav'n;  2  rav'n.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  capture  by 
force;  ravage.  2.  To  eat  voraciously;  prej  upoi  ;  teat 
II.  re.  The  act  of  plundering;  spoliation;  pillage.  [< 
L.°'  rapina,  plunder]  rav 'int.  rav'en-er,  n.  rav'en- 
Ing,  pa.  Seeking  eagerly  for  prey,  -ly,  adv.  rav'en-OUS, 
a.  Furiously  voracious  or  hungry;  extremely  eager,  as  for 
gratification.     Syn.:  see  greedy,     -ly,  adv.     -ness,  n. 

Ta'ven3,  1  rd'vn;  2  ra'vn.     I.  a.     Black  and  shining,  like 
the  plumage  of  a  raven.      II.  re.     A 
large  omnivorous  crow=like  bird  with 
the   feathers  of  the  throat  elongated 
and  lanceolate.  [  <  AS.  Iirxfn, 
raven.] 

Ra-ven'na,  1  ra-ven'3;  2  ra- 
ven'a,  n.  An  ancient  city  In 
N.  E.  Italy,  containing  a  wealth 
of  early  Christian  art  and  me- 
dieval architecture,  including  the 
tomb  of  Dante;  pop.  74,000. 

ra-vine',  1  re-vtn';  2  ra-vln',  n. 
gully.     [I'.l     Syn.:  see  valley. 

rav'ing,  1  rev'irj;  2  rav'ing.  I.  pa.  Furious;  delirious; 
frenzied.  II.  n.  Furious,  incoherent,  or  irrational  ut- 
terance. Syn.:  see  frenzy;  violence.  Compare  insanity. 
Sec  rave,  v. 


Raven.     '/■* 
A  deep  gorge,  hollow,  or 


rav'ish',  1  rav'isli;  2  rav'ish,  vt.  1.  To  transport  with 
delight;  enrapture.  2.  To  violate.  3||.  To  dispossess 
or  impoverish  by  force.  4]|.  To  seize  and  carry  off  by 
violence.    [  <  F.  ravir  (raviss-),  ravish,  snatch.] 

Syn.:  captivate,  charm,  delight,  enchant,  enrapture,  en- 
trance, overjoy,  transport.  See  abuse;  charm:  pollute; 
rejoice.  —  Ant.:  disenchant,  disgust,  nauseate,  repel. — 
rav'ish-er,  re.— rav'ish-ment,  re. 

raw,  1  ro;  2  ra,  a.  1.  Not  changed  or  prepared  by  cook- 
ing; uncooked.  2.  Not  covered  with  whole  skin; 
abraded.  3.  Bleak;  chilling.  4.  In  a  natural  state; 
crude;  unprepared,  as  wool,  drugs,  etc.;  also,  un- 
tempered  or  without  tone,  as  colors;  unrefined;  unfin- 
ished. 5.  Newly  done;  fresh.  6.  Inexperienced;  undis- 
ciplined; as,  a  raw  recruit.  [<  AS.  hreaw,  raw.]  -ly, 
adv.  -ness,  re. — raw'»boned",  a.  Having  large  bones  and 
little  flesh;  bony;  gaunt.  raw'bone"t. — raw 'head",  re.  A 
bloody  specter  with  which  children  were  formerly  threat- 
ened.— raw'hide",  re.  A  hide  dressed  without  tanning; 
also,  a  whip  made  of  such  hide.  — raw  'Ish,  a.  Somewhat  raw. 

raw,  re.  1.  [Colloq.]  A  sore  or  abraded  spot;  a  sensitive 
point.    2.  Something  raw,  as  a  material  or  product. 

Raw'lin-son,  1  ro'lin-ssn:  2  ra'lin-son,  re.  1.  George  (1812- 
1902),  an  English  Orientalist  and  historian;  Ancient  Mon- 
archies. 2.  Sir  Henry  (1810-1895),  an  English  soldier  and 
author;  History  of  Assyria. 

rax,  1  raks;  2  raks.  rt.  &  vi.  [raxed';  or  raught;  rax'ing.] 
[North.  Eng.  &  Scot.]  To  stretch  out;  reach;  as,  rax  me  your 
hand.    [<  AS.  raxan.  stretch.]    rasket. 

ray1,  1  re;  2  ra,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  provide  with  rays;  send  or 
go  out  as  rays.    2.  To  send  forth.    [  <  L.F  radio,  radiate] 

ray2t,  vt.    1.  To  array.    2.  To  defile;  soil. 

ray1,  n.  1.  A  narrow  beam  of  light  or  other  line  of  prop- 
agation of  any  form  of  radiant  energy;  line  of  radiating 
force;  radiation:  often  used  figuratively.  2.  One  of  sev- 
eral lines  radiating  from  an  object.  3.  Geom.  A  straight 
line  unlimited  in  one  direction  only.  4.  A  streak  or  line; 
straight  row.  5.  Zool.  A  ray»like  part,  as  a  spine  of 
a  fish's  fin.  0.  Bot.  A  raylike  flower.  [OF.,  <  L.  radius, 
ray.]— alpha,  beta,  delta,  gamma  rays,  radiations  of 
varying  intensity  and  character  emitted  by  certain  sub- 
stances, as  radium.  See  radioactivity. — N'=rays",  re.  pi. 
An  alleged  form  of  radiation  emitted  by  hot  bodies  and  cer- 
tain forms  of  matter  under  stress.  —  Roentgen  rays,  see 
Roentgen.    X'=rays"J. — ray 'less,  a.    -ly.  adv.    -ness,  re. 

ray2,  re.    A  fish=like  vertebrate  having  the  body  depressed 
and  forming  with  the  expanded  pec- 
toral fins  a  flat  disk,  as  a  sting^ray 
or  torpedo.    [  <  L.F  rain,  rav.] 

Ray'lelgh,  1  re'h;   2  ra'li.  John  Wil- 
liam Strutt.  Lord  (1842 

).     An  English  physi-  i 
cist  and  educator. 

Raynest,  re.     A  fine  linen  made  in  Ren- 
nes,  Brittany,    clothe  of  Raynest . 

raze,  1  rez;  2  raz,  vt.     [razed;  raz'- 

ing.]     1.  To  level  with  the  ground;  ' 

demolish.  2.  To  razee.  3|j.  To  erase  Spotted  Ray.  Vi. 
or  efface.  4f.  To  graze;  rase;  shave.  [<  L.LL+F  rado, 
scrape.]    Syn.:  see  demolish,    rasej. 

ra-zee',  1  ra-zi';  2  ra-ze'.  I.  vt.  [ra-zeed';  ra-zee'ing] 
To  make  lower  by  cutting  down,  as  a  ship  of  war;  re- 
duce; abridge.  II.  n.  A  vessel  that  has  been  reduced 
by  cutting  away  the  upper  deck  or  decks. 

ra'zor,  1  re'zar;  2  ra'zor,  re.  A  cutting'implement  for 
shaving  off  the  beard  or  hair. — ra'zor-a-bl(e,  a.  Fit 
for  the  razor.— ra'zor=bill",  re.  A  small  auk  of  the  North 
Atlantic  having  a  compressed  and  deeply  furrowed  bill.— 
ra'zor=strop",  re.    A  strop  for  Sharpening  razors. 

ra'zure,  re.    Same  as  RASURE. 

raz'zl-a,  1  raz'l-8  or  (/<'.)  rfi"zi"(i';  2  raz'i-a  or  (F.)  ra"zi"ii',  n. 
A  foray,  or  armed  expedition,  as  for  the  capture  of  slaves  or 

cattle  or  the  enforcing  of  tribute,    [F.,  <  Ar.  giiazia.] 

R.  C,  nbbr.    Red  Cross.  Hoinan  <  'alholle.  — r.  c,  abbr.    Right 

center.— rcpt.,  abbr.     Receipt. 
re1,  1  re;  2  re,  ra.   Mux.  The  second  note  of  the  musical  scale, 
re-,  1  rl;  :.'  re,  //     /  mi'     An  action;  matter:  often  used  commer- 

dally  In  the  sense  of  about,  concerning.  |t..  (abl.of  res,  thing).] 
re-,  prefix.    Hack;  backward;  again;  again  and  again;  against; 
anew;  over;  opposite,    i      L.re-,  /■<</-.] 

Re-  lias  its  unmodified  meaning  ol  back,  again,  mutr,  in 
many  practically  aelf»explalnlng  nrords,  some  ol  the  more 
Important  or  which  are  given  below,    others  which  have 

Special  meanings  will  be  found  in  vocabulary  place. 
re"ab-sorb'        re»ad-dress'.  v.  rc'ad-.lnst'-        re'acl-va  ncc\ 
real,  sorp'  •        rc"ail-Journ'  menl  r. 

tion  re"ad-journ'-     re"ad-mlt',  V.     rc'af-linn' 

re  ac'cess             ment  mlt'-  re'af-nrm'- 

re"ae-i'om'mo- rc"ad-Ju.4l',  r.  lance                  ance 

date1,  „         re*ad-lUBt'-  re*a-dOpt',  v.  ro-af"flr-ina'- 

n-'ac-cuse',  v.        cr  re"a-dorn',  f,         tlon 


r,  - 
n-.i-. 


n 


1  i  ii       r  01.- ;   bat,  !>0rn: 

..>.»■  ,      i  i  i  .  6    .         ''>s 


'.""ar* 

KB'- 

■ 

blage 

re*a»— 
rr*a*~ 
re*a»-«im'l- 

re'aa-slm'l- 
Im'Uon 

re'as-sume' 
,ch'.  r. 
,ch'- 

re*at-taln' 
.:n'- 

re*at-tcmpt'. 

re*a-% 

ike* 
r«^t>ip'tLsm 
re'bap-tUe* 
re-be. 
- 
- 

re-bloom' 
re-bios'  torn 
re- boll' 
• 

re-breathe' 
- 

re-bur*  y 
re-car'  rlagc 
r*-car*ry 
re-eel '• 

re-cel*e-bra'- 

■ 

re-cha- 

->«e* 

■ 

.-nl- 

-nlze 

-bine' 
re-com'fort 
re"  com- 
mence', t. 

-mla'- 

5lOD 


da  : 

tlo'ue 

re-cul'v 
re-cul"' 

-rate. 

•  :-ca'- 
Ver- 

re'de— 

m'lsh. 

■ 

- 

vo- 

re*  err,  - 


mi'ii! 

r-ltu; 
■  drone' 

,mne'- 
nirnt 

rant 

''.  i. 
iti'llsh. 
r. 

.I.'lisfi- 
ment 

•u'l- 

•n'lne 

ili'lfi, 
r. 
r.-Vx-lilb'it,  n. 

,.  'rl- 

rl- 
■ 

p  *tf,  l. 
■  rt.  n. 
i  U'alon 
'ion 

n-fer'ii-llze 
re-fur 

re-floe"  to-a'- 

tlon 

■.-(1- 

•:.fy 

re-fur'blah 

.'Hon 

'.'nl-na'- 

'■lle 
'■'.  r. 

-'inn 

re-heel' 

re-hlre' 


r.-'ltii -  print*,  t. 
rc'lm-1.' 

llltllt 

I'gU- 

■  r'liate, 

n-liiVar-na'- 
Il.in 

Lr-na'- 
Uon 

n-'ln-r. 
re"  in-.  ■■■ 
re'in-mr'po- 

rc'ln-cr- 

r. 
rc'in-cur* 
re'ln-duoe',  i 
re'in-f, 
re'ln-fec'tlon 
rc'ln-llame' 
re'ln-form' 
rc'in-'  . 

i'll- 

re'ln-hab'lt.  r. 
re'ln-oc*u-la'- 

ri-'iii-scrllio' 
n-"in-s [)<-<■  t ' .  r. 

peo'tion 

re'ln-splrc' 
Bract*! 
r. 

rr'ance 

rc'ln-sure' 

irate, 

rc-ln'te-gra'- 
tlon 

re"ln-terJ 

n-'lii-icr'ro- 

rc'iii-t  iirom-' 
re-ln"tro- 

dooe*,  i 
re-ln'tro-duc'- 

tlon 
re"ln-un'- 

date, r- 
re"ln-vent*,  i. 

r--"  1  n-  •.  I 

re"In-vi 

ri-"ln-'. 

lg*or- 

rc'ln--. 
re*iD-VOtve* 

re-Join? 
re-jolf,  i. 
re-Jolt',  n. 
re-Judge' 
re-kln/die 
rr-klng' 


rlage 
r,-  in  u 

re-ma 

re-mea'sure 
re-moll 
re-merge' 
re-ml'grate, r 

n-'ini  . 

re- mil 
re-mod'l-fl- 
ca'tlon 
l'i-fy 
re-mold 
re-mol'ten 
re-name' 
re-Das' cent 

n-nav'l-katc, 
r. 

re-nerve' 

re-nom'l-nate 

re-nom'1-na'- 

tloo 
re-num*ber 
re-nu'mer-ate, 

i . 
re"ob-taln' 
re"ob-taln'a- 

bl(6 


ii  |.\ 
ii  Un' 

Hon 

in-I- 
ll.m 

..    IT 

re-palnl 

re*  par  -tl'tlOO, 

ii 

re-paarr*,  i. 
re-pai 

'pie 
re*pe-ru'aal 
re"pe-ruse* 
re-phr  i 
re-plan! 

re"plall-ta'- 

ll.ill 

re-plead',  p. 

re-pledge* 

re-pledg'er 

re-plume' 

re-plunge' 

re-po"la-rl-ta'- 

t  ion.  -aa'- 

tlon 
re-pol'l 
re-pop'  u-late, 

i . 
ro-pop*u-la'- 

tlon 

n-'|x.~    ■ 

>iaj'slon 


re  p..ur' 

•■nil' 

Mini 
►;.i  II. hi 

ri^pm 

re-purge' 

re*  re- One* 
re-relgn' 

•U  I'- 

tl-tu'- 

ihni 

re-aall' 

;!•■'.  v. 

re-eol'iure 
ra  tell' 

r.'-s.-ii.r 

re-eet'tle 
re-set' tie- 

ment 
re-ehapi 
re-sharp'eu 
re-ship',  i 
re-ahlr/ment 
re-smooth' 
re-sold'er 
re-sow* 
re-state',  . . 
re-eta  te'ment 
u-late, 


re  itlp*u-ia'- 

u.. a 

re  sink,.' 

BOf,   i  . 

)!■<•'- 
II. Ill 

r,-  lum'mon 

IIIOI1S 

■  ply* 
pi  lae*, 

ii 

■  •. ' .  'i  - 
re  take' 

r.-  tell' 

n)  'r.i'.    ■ 
I 

re-trt'aJ 
re- trim' 
re-urge* 

Tl- 

I  il/.' ),  r. 
rl- 

1 

re-u'tll-lM 
re-ut'ter 
re-val"u-a'tl0D 
re-val'ue 
re-var'nlsh,  .. 

V. 

re-ver'dure,  r. 
re-vl8*lt,  r. 

a'tion 
re-welgh' 
re-T*  lo 
re-word',  <  . 
re-wrlte* 

K.  K.,  ooor.     Reformed  I'.plscopal,  Right  Excellent,  Royal 

leera,  Ctoj  :>i  Bxonan 

reach".  1  ri<5h;  2  rSch,  u,    I.  /.    1.  To  stretch  out,  as  I  be 

band;  extend:  often  with  out  at  forth,  and  with  '•.  ..r 

toward  (a  person  or  thing).    U.  To  take,  move, or  present 

with  or  as  with  the  outstretched  hand;  hand;  deliver; 

pass:  often  with  double  objective;  as,  reach  me  that 

book.    -I.  To  touch  or  come  within  touching  di  tance  oi . 

also,  to  lii'  with  a  missile  or  as  :i  missile.    4.  To  arrive 

at :  come  t'.;  attain.    5.  To  touch  or  adjoin  by  continu- 

on,    6.  To  obtain  access  to;  influence;  move; 

II.  i.    1.  To  tin  .  the  hand,  foot, 

mething  held;  put   forth  one's  powi 

thing:  with  toward,  for,  aj  etimeswithto 

.'.  ml  so  as  to  touch,  approach,  affect, 

attain,  or  equal  bo  mething:  commonly  with  to  or  unto, 

tunes  with  into.    3||.  To  arrive;  attain;  gel 
a  place  or  result.    4.  Naut.  To  sail  on  the  wind,  as  in 

m airing  a  tack.     [  <  AS.  iwcnn,  reach.] 

Syn.:  arrive  at,  attain,  attain  to,  come  to,  gain,  K<;t  at,  get 
.  land,  land  on  .,r  upon,  make,  strike,  touch.    To  reach, 
Inthi  ed,  is  to  come  in  by  motion  or  prog- 

Attain  is  now  oftenesl  used  ol  abstract  relations;  as,  to 
atta in  success.    To  gain  Is  to  reach  or  attain  a  thing  eagerly 
Bought;   the  wearied  swimmer  Teaches  or  gain,   the  Shore. 
SKIVE;  attain;  (,ki  ;  makk;  BTBETI  ii      rcai'li'er,  n. 
n-aiii.  n.     1.  The  act  or  power  of  reaching;  also,  the 
distance  one  is  able  to  reach,  as  with  the  hand,  tin  in- 
strument, or  missile,  or  by   thought,  influence,  etc.; 
range     '!.  V  point,  position,  or  p  suit  attained  or 
attainable.    -I.   \n  unbroken  stretch,  as  of  a  stream;  a 
i.  or  bar  connecting  the  rear 

axle,  truck,  or  runners  of  a  vehicle  with  some  part,  at. 
the  forward  end.    5.  Xnut.  The  sailing,  or  the  rU 

re-act'  ',  1  rf-akt';  2  ri    Let,  •■'    To  act  again;  reenact. 

n-act'-i,  1  n-akt';  2  n-act',  ri.     1.    I  o  aci   in  response. 
':.  I  o  act  in  a  manner  contrai  Ling  act; 

coin.-  into  or  t.-nd  toward  a  form,  r  Btate  01  an  opposite 

:t.  i     ■  id  equal  force 

on  an  acting  or  impingirj  I  oi  the  body  acted 

upon.    4.  '  •  1 1  mutual  chemical  action:  said 

ate.-  re-ac'tion,  n.  1.  Reverse 
or  return  action,  'i.  The  mutual  action  of  chemical  agents, 
or  it.s  result,  3.  Any  action  in  response  to  a  stimulus. — 
re-.ic'llon-.i-r> .  I.  a  Tending  to  read  or  retrograde,  or 
..r  the  nature  of  reaction.    H.  «■    A  reactionist.— re-aeS 


1: 3  =  final;    l  =  habit^    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    10  =  ?««?;    «5hin;    go;    rj  =  sin<7;    Chin,   this. 
649        2:  wolf,  djj;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,  but,   burn;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


re- 
reason 


tlon-ist,  n.  One  who  favors  reaction;  an  ultraconservative. 
— re-ac'tiv(es,  a.    Pertaining  or  tending  to  reaction. 

read,  1  rid;  2  red,  v.  [read,  1  red;  2  red;  read'ing.]  I.  t. 
1.  To  perceive  the  form  and  relations  of  (characters 
written  or  printed)  so  as  to  apprehend  their  significance; 
peruse.  2.  To  utter  aloud  from  manuscript  or  print.  3. 
To  discover  or  understand  by  observation,  as  of  char- 
acters, marks,  signs,  features,  etc.  4.  To  observe  or 
announce  the  indications  or  record  of,  as  an  instrument. 
5.  To  interpret  or  explain,  as  anything  mysterious  or 
perplexing;  hence,  to  discover  the  latent  or  hidden 
meaning  of;  impute  as  a  latent  or  hidden  meaning.  6. 
To  learn  (a  fact,  opinion,  etc.)  as  from  books.  7.  To 
study  the  literature  of;  make  a  study  of.  8.  Mus.  To 
follow  intelligently  or  to  render  vocally  or  instrumen- 
tallythe  notes  of  (any  written  or  printed  composition). 
9.  To  bring  into  some  condition  by  reading;  as,  to  read 
one  to  sleep.  10.  To  impress  upon  or  utter  to  as  if  from 
a  book;  teach;  give,  as  a  warning;  advise.  II.  i.  1.  To 
note  or  apprehend  the  characters  or  contents,  as  of  a 
book  or  manuscript.  2.  To  gain  information,  as  from 
books;  find  an  account  or  description:  often  with  of  or 
about.  3.  To  utter  aloud  the  contents,  as  of  a  book  or 
manuscript.  4.  To  learn  by  means  of  books  or  the  like: 
often  with  up.  5.  To  have  a  specified  form  or  effect,  as 
expressed  or  appearing  in  a  book  or  manuscript.  6. 
Mus.  To  understand  or  render  written  music.  7.  To 
give  a  public  reading  or  recital.  [  <  AS.  rsedan,  advise, 
read.] — read,  pa.  Informed  by  reading  or  as  by  reading; 
acquainted  with  books  or  literature:  usually  in  compounds, 
as  well»reatf.— read"a-bil'i-ty,  re.  The  state  or  quality  of 
being  readable.  read'a-bl(e-nessPl.— read'a-bl(ep,  a. 
That  may  be  read;  easy  and  pleasant  to  read;  legible. — 
read'a-bly,  adv. — read'er,  re.  1.  One  who  reads.  2.  A 
textbook  containing  matter  for  exercises  in  reading. 

read,  1  rid;  2  red,  re.  [Archaic  or  Scot.)   Same  as  rede,  re. 

Beade,  1  rid;  2  red,  Charles  (1S14-1S84).  An  English  novel- 
ist and  dramatist:  The  Cloister  and  the  Hearth. 

read'i-ly,  1  red'i-h;  2  red'i-ly,  adv.  1.  In  a  ready  manner; 
promptly;  easily.     2.  Willingly.     red'i-lyt> 

read'i-ness,  1  red'i-nes;  2  red'i-nes,  n.  1.  The  quality  or 
state  of  being  ready.  2.  The  quality  of  being  quick  or 
prompt;  facility;  aptitude.  3.  A  disposition  for  prompt 
compliance;  willingness.  Syn.:  see  ability;  address;  dex- 
terity; ease;  ingenuity. 

read'ing1,  1  rld'irj;  2  red'ing,  n.  1.  The  act,  practise,  or 
art  of  reading,  in  any  sense  of  the  verb;  a  public  recital; 
the  act  of  reading  formally  to  a  legislative  body  a  bill, 
etc.,  proposed  for  adoption.  2.  Literary  research; 
study;  scholarship.  3.  Matter  which  is  read  or  is  de- 
signed to  be  read.  4.  The  indication  of  a  graduated  in- 
strument, as  a  thermometer.  5.  The  form  in  which  any 
passage  or  word  appears  in  any  copy  of  a  work.  6.  An 
interpretation,  as  of  a  riddle,  or  of  any  latent  and  hid- 
den meaning;  delineation;  rendering.    Syn.:  see  education. 

Bead  'ing2, 1  red'in ;  2  red'ing.  n.  1.  A  parliamentary  borough 
in  S.  England;  pop.  89.500.  2.  A  manufacturing  city  In 
S.  E.  Pennsylvania;  pop.  110,000. 

read'y,  1  red'i;  2  rikl'y,  a.  [read'i-er;  read'i-est.]  1. 
Prepared  for  use  or  action.  2.  Prepared  in  mind;  will- 
ing. 3.  Likely  or  liable;  about;  as,  ready  to  sink.  4. 
Quick  to  follow,  occur,  or  appear;  prompt.  5.  At  hand; 
immediately  available;  convenient;  handy.  <>.  \Iil. 
Having  assumed  the  position  of  person  and  rifle  pre- 
paratory to  the  command  aim!  7f.  Present:  used  in 
answering  at  a  call.  [<  AS.  rkde,  ready.]  Syn.:  see  active; 
alert;  good;  ripe.— ready  money,  money  in  hand;  cash. 
— read'ymiade",  a.  1.  Not  made  to  order;  prepared  or 
kept  on  hand  for  general  demand:  said  especially  of  cloth- 
ing.    2.   Prepared  beforehand;   not  impromptu  or  original. 

re-a'gent,  1  n-e'jent;  2  re-a'gSnt,  n.  I.  One  who  or  thai 
which  reacts;  a  source  of  reflex  action.  2.  Chem.  Any 
substance  used  to  ascertain  tin'  nature  or  composition 
of  another  by  means  of  their  mutual  chemical  action; 
loosely,  any  chemical  agent.     [<  re-  +  a-Q'     !  i 

re'al,  1  rl'al;  2  re'al,  n.  1.  Having  actual  existence;  not 
theoretical  or  imaginary.  2.  Being  according  to  ap- 
pearance or  claim;  genuine]  veritable.  3.  Law.  Relal 
ing  to,  consisting  of,  or  arising  out  of,  lands;  as,  real 
property;  rent  estate.  4.  Optics.  Formed  by  the  con- 
vergence ol  actual  ray  :  oppo  ed  to  virtual;  as,  a  real 
Image.  [OF.,  <  LL.  rerdi:;.  of  the  tiling  itself. |  Syn.:  see 
AUTHKvnr;  ooon;  im'kio;  sure,  real  estate,  land,  In- 
cluding whatever  is  made  part  of  or  attached  to  11  by  nature 

or  man.  as  trees,  houses,  etc.     Syn.:  see  LAND.      re'al-ism, 

n.   1.  tn  literature  and  art,  the  principle  of  depleting  persons 

and  scenes  as  they  exist,  without  any  attempt  al  Idealiza- 
tion. ''■  Philos.  (I  i  iii  cosmology,  the  doctrine  that  In  ex- 
ternal perception  man  can  and  dues  pc.reei   e  re:, I  external 


Reamers. 

Adjustable.     2.  Square.     3.  Center.     4. 


objects:  opposed  to  idealism  and  skepticism.  (2)  The  theory 
that  logical  genera  and  species  are  real  things,  existing  in- 
dependently and  apart  from  our  conceptions  of  them  and 
names  for  them:  opposed  to  nominalism. — re'al-ist,  n. — 
re"al-ls'tlc,  a. — re"al-ls'ti-cal-ly,  adv. — re-al'i-ty,  n. 
[-ties2,  pi.]  The  state  or  quality  of  being  real;  actuality; 
being;  also,  that  which  is  real.  Syn.:  see  veracity. — re'- 
al-ize,  v.  [-ized;  -iz"ing.1  I.  t.  1.  To  perceive  as  a  real- 
ity; feel  or  appreciate  fully  and  vividly.  2.  To  make  real 
or  concrete;  cause  to  appear  real.  3.  To  obtain  as  a  profit 
or  return;  convert  into  cash.  II.  i.  To  convert  property 
into  cash;  sell  out  for  ready  money,  re'al-iset.  Syn.:  see 
accomplish;  effect;  gain;  know.— re'al-iz"a-bl(eP,  a. 
That  can  or  may  be  realized.  —  re"al-i-za'tion  or  -sa'- 
tion,  n. — re'al-ly,  adv.     In  reality;  actually. 

re'al,  1  rl'al;  2  re'al,  n.  A  small  silver  coin  of  several  Spanish- 
speaking  countries,  as  Mexico.    [Sp.,  <  L.  regalis,  royal.] 

realm,  1  relm;  2  relm,  n.  The  dominions  of  a  monarch; 
a  kingdom;  empire;  domain.  [<  OF.  realme,  <  L.  re- 
galis; see  regal,  a.] 

re'al-ty,  1  ri'al-ti;  2  re'al-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi.]  Law.  Real 
estate ;  landed  property  in  any  form. 

ream,  1  rim;  2  rem,  vt.  To  enlarge  or  taper  (a  hole)  by 
cutting    away    material. 


[<  AS.  ryman,  <  rum, 
roomy.]  reemt.— ream'- 
er,  re.  One  who  or  that 
which  reams:  a  reaming* 
tool,    rim'mert. 

ream,  n.     Twenty  quires 
of  paper;  properly,  4S0 
sheets  (a   short  '•earn), 
but  often  500  sheets  (a  w= 
long    ream)     or,     in    a """ 

printers'  ream,  516  sheets.  [  <  F.  rame,  <  Sp.  resma, 
<  At.  rizma,  bundle  of  paper.] 

reamet,  re.    Same  as  realm. 

re-an'i-mate,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  bring  back  to  life;  resusci- 
tate. 2.  To  revive;  encourage.  II§.  i.  To  recover 
animation,  life,  or  spirits.    Syn.:  see  recover. 

reap1,  1  rip;  2  rep,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  cut  down  and  gather  in, 
as  grain  in  harvesting;  gather,  as  a  fruit  or  product.  2. 
To  cut  the  growth  from  or  gather  the  fruit  of,  as  a  field. 
3.  To  obtain  as  the  result  of  action  or  effort.  II.  i.  1. 
To  cut  and  gather  grain;  harvest  with  a  reaper  or  other- 
wise. 2.  To  receive  a  return  or  result,  as  of  action  or 
effort.    [<  AS.  rlpan,  reap.]    Syn.:  see  gain. — rcap'er,  n. 

I.  One  who  reaps.  2.  A  reaping=machine.— reap'ing,  n. 
Syn.:  see  harvest. 

rear,  1  rlr;  2  rer,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  lift  up  or  raise;  elevate;  set 
or  build  up;  erect.  2.  To  bring  up;  nurture  and  train; 
educate,  as  children;  also,  to  breed,  as  domestic  animals. 
3.  To  raise  from  a  fallen  or  prostrate  condition;  reani- 
mate; elate.  II.  i.  To  rise  upright,  as  a  horse  upon  its 
hind  legs.    [<  AS.  rxran,  <  rlsan,  rise.]    Syn.:  see  raise. 

rear,  a.    Being  in  the  rear;  last;  hindmost. 

rear,  re.  1.  The  hinder  or  hindmost  part.  2.  A  placo 
or  position  at  the  back  of  or  behind  any  person  or  thing. 
3.  Mil.  That  division  of  a  force  which  is  last  or  farthest 
from  the  front,  as  on  a  march.  [  <  L.OF  retro,  <  re-, 
back.] — rear'sguard",  n.  A  body  of  troops  to  protect  the 
rear  of  an  army.  Itloned  last. 

rear 'most,  1  rlr'most;  2  rer'most,  a.     Coming  or  sta- 

rear 'mouse",  re.    Same  as  reremouse. 

rear'ward,  1  rlr'word;  2  rer'ward.  I.  a.  Toward  the 
rear;  hind  ward.  II.  adv.  Toward  or  at  the  rear;  back- 
ward,   rear'wardsj. 

rear'ward1,  n.    llindward  position;  the  rear;  end. 

rear 'ward- 1|,  re.  A  rearguard.  [<  OF.  arere+warde,  <  arcre, 
!•'.  arricrc  (see  ARREAR),  +  wardc,  guard.]    rere'wardt. 

rea'son,  1  ri'zn;  2  ro'sn,  v.  I.  t.  To  examine;  prove  or 
influence  by   reasoning;   argue;  persuade  or  dissuade. 

II.  i.  1.  To  use  flic  reason;  give  reasons;  argue.  2||.  To 
converse;  take  or  give  account;  talk.  Syn.:  see  ARGUE;  dis- 
pute.- rea'son-er,  n.  rea 'son-lug,  n,  The  act  or  proc- 
ess of  the  mind  by  which  from  propositions  Known  or  as- 
sumed new  propositions  arc  reached;  argumentation;  also, 
the  reasons,  proofs,  or  arguments  emplOJ  ed  in  such  process. 

Syn.:  argument,  argumentation,  debate,  ratiocination. 
Argumentation  and  debate  always  suppose  two  parties  alleg- 
ing reasons  for  and  against,  a,  proposition;  the  same  idea  ap- 
pear.-' figuratively  when  we  speak  ol  e  debati  or  an  argument 
wiih  oneself,  as  a  debate  between  reason  and  conscience. 

Reasoning  may   I"'  the  act-  of  one  alone,  as  If  Is  simply  the 

orderly  setting  forth  of  reasons,  whether  for  the  hmtruc- 
ii'in  oi  inquirers,  the  confuting  or  opponents,  or  the  clear 
establishment  of  truth  for  oneself,  Reasoning  may  be  either 
deductive  or  inductive.  Argument  or  argumentation  was 
formerly  used  of  deductive  reasoning  only,    with  the  rise 

of  the  inductive  philosophy  these  words  have  come  to  lie 
applied  to  Inductive  processes  also;  but  while  reasoning  may 


For  words  in  re-  not  given  above  see  hi:-,  iirrjir,  pages  017,  6-18. 


r.    i-.Ul  la--.-,      Or:  I  I  •  •  <•      I    .    full,  rftle;   I. Ill .  1.0,  B. ; 

...         4A.aU;  ml  «.      I         •    I       I  I  n*t,w,  wou,    |g| 


;»  ■.•..•  wm*l 


,  11. 


i 

reason:  rational. 


I 

rlirit'iit 

I.  .     till' 

S.         ■  w  In.  Ii 

B. 

-.    the  minor 
rig;  just  pro- 
.   :      r  proposition       s.    I 
•.-..ii  ] 

Iderauon,  .I.'- 

principle,  purpose     w  bile 

itnmonly  understood, 

■   ■    human  mind;  but  reason  is.  in 

equivalent  to  t  ■•■  ■    espe- 

lii  the  statement  ,.f  any 

loglsm,  or  the 

i  the  conclusion,  or 

which  the  per- 

i  li  h  the  general  statement. 

leal  form,  the 

.-  called  the  i 

■   "  \il  tyrants  deserve  death:  Cajsar 

deserved  death,"  "(  teear 

be  called  the 

deserved  death  because  be 

ould  be  termed  tin- 

.IN...    1    M.I  K- 

,-■■  Bi    iube.   -Prep.:  the  reason 
-  a  thing  that 

h>  reason,        (>>  reason  of,  on  .'uvnunl  of. 

.f  Kr. D  Imaginary  dlvlnlt;. 

to  do  r.- .    I.  To  render 

in  drinking.     rea'son-a-bKe5",  a. 

'.'.  Having  the  faculty  of 

■  ii  in  acting  or  think- 


I  :.  JUST!  i.ikki.v; 

r.  .1  -on-a-i>i  a-nesa,    n. 
r.  i  -on- 1- i.i > .  rea ' -less, 

. . p r,    .  !'•■  restore  to 

re"as-siir'ance,  n. 

re"as-sur'lng,  pa.— re"as-sur'- 

I  i  i  |  -  I  |  . 
I  umur. 

■..i -',  Rene  Antolne  de 
iumur  thermo- 

KXTKB. 

eaved or  kkft:  iii.iv'im;.]    I.  (.    1. 
Lor  booty;  rob;  plunder.   2.  To  deprive  of 

'..    .  -  up  or  apart;  unra  . 

II.  irry  off  booty;  act  as  robber  or  plunderer. 

r.  .  \.  • :    rchi  real  'cr,    u     [Archaic    or 

rem  'it*;  relv'erj.     real  '- 
it-)  .  plundering. 

r,  -u  lie'1,  l  n-lx"t';  2  re-b         I.    '     l.  To  make  a  deduo- 

'.'.  I  o  blunt,  as  a  sharp 
II.  Mori  from  a  gross  amount;  dis- 

r<-l).iti'iiiiiit    . 
re-bal.  BET. 

earliest  form  of  the 
re'bei  U  , 

n.     liih.     The  wife  of  Isaac. 
15.      Re-bek  'ah    . 

r> -i>>  I '.  .  [re-belled',  re-beu>/*; 
.'i-'lin'.;.)    'I  government  or 
authority.     [<   L.1   re-, 
again 
ret>  VI,  fractOTy. 
r,  i,  ,  i.  nii'il-ilom.          Rebels 
re-feel  'linn.  rebelling;  or- 
gar.;.-  '  •  any   lawful 
auth   -  r.-li'l  'lions,  a.     1. 
Being  In  a  Z.  Ol  or  pi  r- 
taining  to  ■ 
l 
Syr.  ibordlnate.  Intract- 
able,  mut::  ntrollable,   un- 
-nable.  unmanagea'  noble  applies  to  that 
which  successfully  denes  authority  and  power;  unmanage- 


ii  Dm  I  which  rcsiHid  the  utiimol  exerelnc  ol  s,  k  1 1 1  ,,r  ,.f 
mK. ill  an, I  power  combined:  rebellion*  to  that  whh  h  is  doflanl 

.,  ■  .  ,,i  ,iii-.ii, -. , 

even  i  (tended  to  Inanimate  thin  i  ontrol 

Wal  Inn  lo  human  U  •  I  rial  W  III,  Ii  P 

tends  lo  exolu  spirit,  itdttiout  sum 

ol  covert  plan,  ichemlng,  ,,r  ronsplraoi .  rebellious >• 

ol  overt  act  ..r  open  violence     While  the  immanageabU  or 

defied  control,  the  rebelltotu  or  tedittotu  ma]  be 

i   to  submission;  as.   the  man   hat  an   ungovernable 

tamper;  thi  unmanageable;  be  tanv 

pplli    to  the  disposition  to 
on  t  control  as  such;  muMnoii  ,  toopendi 
,,f  authority,  especially  In  the  army,  navy,  or  merohan! 
marine     a  coniumacUna  act  or  sinrii  Ii  oontemptuoui  as 
well  as  denai  i     i  ompai  - 

s\n.  Kt  \ . ■  1 1  in .s      Ant.:  compliant,  controllable,  defer- 
ential, doolie,  dutiful,   manageable,  obedlont,  nibmlsslve, 
vtent,   tractable,    yielding      Prep.:    rebellious  to  or 
!  lawful  authority     •!»,  adi     -ness,  n 
re-bound'  .  l  n  bound';  8  n  bound',  n     I.  To  bound 
i.a.k ;  i,  ,oii     '.',..  i ..  bound  or  spring  again,   8f<  '  "  "' 
m ,iim l     re-bound  ',         \  reooil 
re-initf'.  l  n-l.of ,  l'  re-buf.    !'•  it.    To  reject  ..r  refuse 
abruptly  ..r  rudely.    II.  ».    I.  A  sudden  repulse;  ourl 
deni  u     '-.  \  sudden  oheok ;  defeat 
re-buke'i  1  n-biflk';  l'  n--l.uk'.    I.  it.    [rx-bi  ud'1:  rb- 
im  k'i\,,  ]    I.  To  reprove  sharply;  reprimand,    '!  ■   I  o 
click  or  restrain  by  a  command.     Syn.:  sec  admonish; 
blame;  wi-khvk. 

ii.  I.  \  itrong;  and  authoritative  expression  of  dis- 
approval, 2  .  A  check  or  restraint;  also,  chastisement, 
:t  I .   \  Mow  or  buffet.    [<  OP.  rs-,  again,    t   bovujuer, 

BtOP,    •      hnuque,    DlOUth.]      Syn.:    see    \MM\DVi.KsioN;    RE 
rc-hiik'a-ble,   a. 
re'blls,  1   n  Ii;  -;  g  rS'buB,  n.     [ni.'in  B-ES*,  /'/ ]     A  puzzle 

representing  a  word,  phrase,  or  sentence  by  l,-tt,-r.s, 

numerals,  pictures,  etc.     [F,] 

re-but'i  1  n-liwt';  2  re-bttt,  tt.  i  ri.  [Bs-BtrT/Txr/1;  m - 
ntT'riN.;  ]  l.  Po  overthrow  by  contrary  evidenei 
prove; refute.  2!|.Toput  away; rejeot; refuse,  Sf.To 
push  or  drive  back,  [<  F.  re-,  again,  t  bouter,  thrust.] 
—  r.- inn  i.i  I.  n.— re-but'ter,  n.  [.One  who  or  that  which 
rebuts,    '-i.  In  oommon*law  pleading,  a  defendant's  answer 

to  the  plaintiff's  reply  to  a  previous  rejoinder. 
Roc.,  oMrr,     Recipe,  record,  recorded,  recorder. 

re-cal'ei-lrate,  1  n-kal'si-trfit;  2  re-eal'ci-trat,  w  &  vt. 
[-TBA.t'hd*;  -tkat"in(j.]  To  refuse  compliance  or  sub- 
mi--ion;  kick  against.  [<  L.  recalcitrntun,  pp.  of  nrnl- 
citrn,  <  re-,  back,  -1-  calcltro,  kick,  <  calx,  heel.]— re-cal'- 
el-tranee,  »  -rt>-earel-trant,  a.  Nol  complying;  rebel- 
lious    Syn.:  see  RESTIVE.     re-eal"el-tra'tlon,  n. 

re-call',  1  n-kol';  2  re-cal'.  I.  vt.  1.  To  call  back;  de- 
mand the  return  of.  2.  To  countermand;  revoke,  3. 
To  recollect.  Syn.:  see  remember;  BENOUNi  i 
II.  ».  1.  A  calling  back  or  to  mind.  2.  A  signal  to  call 
back  soldiers,  etc.,  as  by  a  bugle«call,  the  display  of  a 
flag, etc  2.  Revocation,  as  of  an  order.  3.  U.8.P0IU. 
In  certain  States,  a  system  whereby  public  officials  may 
be  removed  from  office  by  popular  vote. 

re-cant '',  1  ri-kant';  2  re-cant',  vt.  &  vi.  To  withdraw  or 
ret  raet,  as  a  declaration  or  opinion;  renounce.  (<  L.OF 
re-,  again,  -f  canto,  sing.] 

Syn.:  abandon,  abjure,  deny,  disavow,  discard,  disclaim, 
disown,  forswear,  recall,  renounce,  repudiate,  retract,  re- 
voke. To  recant  Is  to  deny  formally  and  publicly  some  opin- 
ion or  statement,  especially  In  religion,  that  one  has  held  or 
advocated.     Abjwn   (l..  at>,  away,  and  Juro,  sweari  Isetymo- 

;iv  tin- exact  equivalent  ol  the  Saxon  forswear,  signify- 
ing to  put  awaj  formally  and  under  oath,  as  an  error,  heresy, 
or  ,-vil  practise,  or  a  condemned  and  detested  person.  A 
man  recant  bis  l.llef,  abjures  or  renounces  his  allegiance,  re- 
ptldtatet  another's  claim,  renounces  his  own,  retracts  a  false 
statement.  A  person  may  deny,  disavow,  disclaim,  <l<  own 
v.  bat  has  been  truly  or  falsely  Imputed  to  him  or  supposed  to 
be  Ins.      lie  may  dmu  his  signature,  disnroir  the  act  of  his 

agent,  ii  own  lis  child;  he  may  repudiate  cither  a  jusi  claim 
or  a  base  suggestion,  compare  abandon;  renounce.— 
Ant.:  acknowledge,  advocate,  assert,  cherish,  claim,  defend, 
bold,  maintain,  own.  proclaim,  retain,  uphold,  vindicate.— 
re"can-ta'tlon,  n.  —  re-cant'er,  n. 
re"ca-pit 'u-late1,  1  ri"ko-pieVu-[i>r  -pit'yu-]let;  2  re"ca- 
pIclru-[or  -plt'yu-]lat,  vt.  &  Vt.  To  repeat  again  the 
principal  points  of;  repeat  concisely;  review  briefly;  sum 
up.  | I'lt.  <  L.  re-,  again,  -f  caput,  head.]— re"ca-pit"- 
u-Ia'tlon, «.— re"ca-pit'u-la-to-ry, a.  re"ca-pit'u- 
la"UvfcBI.  [prisal. 

re-eap'tlon,  1  n-kap'srian;  2  re-cap'shon,  n.    A  retaking:  re- 
re-cap'ture,  1  ri-kap'ifhur;  or-tiur;  2  re-cfip'chur;  or-tiir. 
I.  vt.    To  capture  again.    II.  n.    The  act  of  retaking;  a 
prize  retaken. 


Kor  words  In  re-  not  given  above  see  re-,  prefix,  pages  647,  64^, 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    Ml  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  feud;    Chin;    go;    h  =  sing;    thin,    this.  reason 

651     2:wplf,  dp;   bdek,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,     recognize 


re-cast',  1  ri-kost';  2  re-cast',  vt.  1.  To  form  anew;  cast 
again.  2.  To  fashion  anew  by  changing  style,  arrange- 
ment, etc.,  as  a  discourse.     3.  To  calculate  anew. 

rec'd,  reed.,  abbr.    Received. 

re-cede",  1  n-sid';  2  re-ced',  vi.  [RE-CED'EDd ;  re-ced'- 
ing.]  1.  To  move  back;  withdraw.  2.  To  withdraw,  as 
from  a  claim;  desist.  3.  To  incline  or  tend  away;  slope. 
[<  L.  re-,  back,  +  cedo,  yield.] 

re-cede ni,  1  rl-sid';  2  re-ced',  vt.  To  cede  back;  grant  or 
yield  to  a  former  owner.     [  <  re-  -f-  cede.] 

re-ceipt',  1  n-slt';  2  re-cet'.  Id.  vt.  &  vi.  To  give  a  re- 
ceipt for;  write  acknowledgment  of  payment  upon,  as 
a  bill.  II.  n.  1.  The  act  or  state  of  receiving.  2.  That 
which  is  received:  usually  in  the  plural.  3.  A  written 
acknowledgment  of  the  payment  of  money  or  of  the  de- 
livery of  property.  4.  A  recipe.  5||.  A  place  of  receiv- 
ing.    [  <  L.  receptus,  pp.  of  recipio;  see  receive.] 

re-ceiv(e'p,  1  n-slv';  2  re-cev',  v.  [re-ceiv(e)dp;  re- 
ceiving.] 1. 1.  1.  To  get  as  a  result  of  delivery,  trans- 
mission, or  communication.  2.  To  admit  to  one's 
presence  or  company;  hence,  to  greet.  3.  To  accept 
with  approval;  admit  as  true.  4.  To  have  capacity  for; 
hold.  5.  To  perceive  mentally.  6.  Lawn=tennis.  To 
strike  with  the  racket  (a  served  ball)  in  order  to  return. 
II.  i.  1.  To  be  a  recipient.  2.  To  welcome  visitors  or 
callers.  [<  L.F  recipio,  <  re,  back,  +  capio,  take.] 
Syn.:  see  accommodate;  get;  obtain. — re-celv"a-bll'i-ty, 
n. — re-celv'a-bl(ep,  a.— re-ceived',  pa.  Syn.:  see  au- 
thentic— re-celv'er,  re.  One  who  or  that  which  receives: 
specif.:  (1)  A  belUshaped  glass  for  holding  or  excluding  gas 
or  air.  (2)  The  receiving  instrument  in  a  telephone  or  tele- 
graph circuit.  (3)  Law.  A  person  appointed  by  the  court  to 
manage  or  control  the  property  or  funds  of  another  pending 
judicial  decision  concerning  them. — re-ceiv'er-ship,  re. — 
re-celv'lng,  ppr.  &  verbal  n.  of  receive,  v. — re-ceiv'lngj 
ship",  re.  A  vessel  stationed  in  a  harbor  to  receive  and  pro- 
vide for  naval  recruits  until  they  are  transferred  to  service. — 
r. -vault,  re.  A  vault,  as  in  a  cemetery,  for  the  temporary 
deposit  of  the  remains  of  the  dead. 

re-cen'sion,  1  n-sen'slian;  2  re-cSn'shon,  n.  1.  A  critical 
revision,  as  of  the  text  of  a  book;  also,  the  edition 
so  revised.  2.  A  review;  critique.  3§.  Review;  exami- 
nation, enumeration. 

re'eent,  1  rl'sent;  2  re'cSnt,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  time  not 
long  past;  modern;  fresh;  new.  2.  Geol.  Pertaining  to 
the  present  geological  epoch.  [OF.,  <  L.  recen(t-)s, 
fresh.]  Syn.:  see  fresh;  modern;  new.  -ly,  adv. — re'een- 
cy,  n.    re'eent-nesst. 

re-cep'ta-cl(ep,  1  rl-sep'ta-kl ;  2  re-ggp'ta-cl,  n.  1.  Any- 
thing that  serves  to  contain  or  hold  other  things.  2. 
Bot.  The  base  to  which  the  parts  of  the  flower,  fruit,  or 
seeds  are  fixed.  [OF.,  <  L.  receptaculum,  <  receptus; 
see  reception.] — re"cep-tac'u-lar,  a. 

re-cep'tion,  1  n-sep's"han;  2  re-gSp'shon,  n.  1.  The  act 
of  receiving,  or  the  state  of  being  received;  receipt.  2.  A 
formal  social  entertainment  of  guests.  3.  Mental  accep- 
tance, as  of  a  proposition,  4t.  Receptivity.  [  <  L. 
recepllo(n-),  <  recipio,  receive.]— re-cep'tl-bl(e§,  a.  Re- 
ceivable.— re-cep"tl-bll'i-ty,  re. — re-cep'tiv(ea,  a.  Able 
or  inclined  to  receive,  take  in,  or  hold,  -ly,  adv. — re"cep- 
tiv'l-ty,  re.    re-cep'tlv(e-nessst. 

re-cess",  1  n-ses';  2  re-geV,  vt.  1.  To  place  or  conceal  in 
or  as  in  a  recess.    2.  To  make  a  recess  in,  as  a  wall. 

re-cess',  1  n-ses'  or  rl'ses;  2  re-e8s'  or  re'efis,  n.  1.  A  de- 
pression in  a  wall;  niche;  alcove.  2.  A  time  of  cessation 
from  employment.  3.  A  quiet  nook:  often  figuratively. 
[  <  L.OF  rccedo,  recede.] 

re-ces'sion1,  1  n-sesVan;  2  re-cfesh'on,  n.  1.  The  act  of 
receding;  withdrawal.  2.  A  retired  position. — rc-CCS'- 
sion-al,  re.  A  hymn  sung  as  the  choir  or  clergy  leave 
the  chancel  after  service. — re-ces'siv(es,  a.  Having  a 
tendency  to  recede  or  go  back;  failing  to  come  into  ex- 
pression, as  a  character. 

re-ces'sion2,  n.    The  act  of  ceding  again;  a  giving  back. 

Rech'a-blte,  1  rek'o-bait;  2  rec'a-blt,  re.  Bib.  One  of  a  Jew- 
ish family  which  abstained  from  wine  and  the  planting  of 
vineyards;  hence,  a  teetotaler.    Jer.  xxxv,  3. 

re"chauf"fe',  1  rt:"!fti6"fe';  2  r5"cho"fe/,  re.  Food  warmed 
over;  hence,  a  literary  rehash.    [F.] 

re-cheat't,  re.  A  strain  sounded  on  a  huntsman's  burn  to 
recall  the  hounds.  [  <  OF.  rccftet,  <  L.  receptus;  see  re- 
ceipt.]   rc-celt't;  re-ohate't. 

re-oher"che',  1  ra-sfior"sSrifi';  2  re-eher"chc.'.  a.  Much  sought 
after;  hence,  choice:  rare.     [F.,  pp.;  sec  RESEARCH1.] 

re-cld'l-vlst,  1  n-sld'i-vlst;  2  re-cld'i-vlst,  re.  CriminolOQV.  A 
confirmed  criminal:  In  the  United  States,  one  committed  to 
prison  for  a  second  term.  [  <  F.  recidivlste,  <  rtcidive,  re- 
lapse, <  L.  recidlvus,  recurring,  <  re-,  back,  +  cado,  fall.) 

Be-Cl'fe,  1  re-kl'fe;2  re-ci'fg,  n.    Same  as  PERNAMBl  CO. 

rec'i-pe,  1  res'i-pi;  2  reg'i-pe,  n.    [bec'i-peb*,  pi.]    A  for- 


mula or  list  of  ingredients  of  a  mixture;  medical  pre- 
scription.    [L.,  take.] 

re-cip'i-ent,  1  n-sip'i-ent;  2  re-cip'i-gnt.  I.  a.  Recep- 
tive. II.  re.  One  who  or  that  which  receives.  [<  L. 
recipio,  ppr.  recipients,  receive.] — re-clp'i-ence§,  n.  1. 
The  act  of  receiving.    2.  Receptivity,    re-cip'l-en-cyj. 

re-cip'ro-cal,  1  n-sip'ro-kal;  2  re-cip'ro-cal.  I.  a.  1. 
Done  by  each  of  two  to  the  other;  mutual.  2.  Mutually 
interchangeable.  3.  Alternating.  II.  n.  1.  The  quo- 
tient obtained  by  dividing  unity  by  a  number.  2.  That 
which  is  reciprocal.     [  <  L.  reciprocus,  returning.] 

Syn.:  see  mutual. — re-cip"ro-oal 'l-ty,  n.  re-clp'ro- 
cal-nessj. — re-cip'ro-cal-Iy,  adv. 

re-cip'ro-cate,  1  n-sip'ro-ket;  2  re-eip'ro-cat,  v.  [-cat"- 
EDd;  -cat"ing.]  I.  t.  To  cause  to  move  or  pass  to  and 
fro;  give  and  take  mutually;  interchange.  II.  i.  To 
alternate;  give  and  receive  mutually.  [<  L.  reciproco, 
reverse,  <  reciprocus,  returning.]  Syn.:  see  requite. — re- 
cip"ro-ca'tion,  n.  The  act  of  reciprocating;  a  mutual  giv- 
ing and  returning;  alternation;  alternate  motion.  Syn.:  see 
intercourse. — re-cip'ro-ea"tiv(e,  a.  Characterized  by 
reciprocation. — re-cip  'ro-ca-to"ry,  a.  Alternating  in  di- 
rection or  movement:  opposed  to  rotary. — rec"i-proc'l-ty, 
n.  1.  Reciprocal  obligation  or  action.  2.  Specif.,  equality 
between  the  citizens  of  two  countries  with  respect  to  the 
commercial  privileges  to  be  enjoyed  by  each  within  the  do- 
main of  the  other.    Syn.;  see  intercourse. 

re-cl'slon,  1  n-sis'an;  2  re-cizh'on,  n.  Resection.  [OF.,  <  L. 
recisio(n-),  <  recisus,  pp.  of  recido,  <  re-,  back,+  cxdo,  cut.] 

re-cite'd,  1  ri-sait';  2  re-clt',  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  tell  over  in 
detail;  relate.  2.  To  speak  from  memory;  repeat  (a 
lesson)  and  answer  a  teacher's  questions  concerning  fit). 
3.  To  quote,  either  orally  or  in  writing;  cite.  [<  L.F 
recilo,  <  re-,  again,  +  cito,  cite.1  Syn.:  see  relate. — re- 
ci'tal,  n.  1.  A  telling  over  in  detail,  or  that  which  is  thus 
told;  a  narration.  2.  A  public  delivery  of  something  pre- 
viously memorized.  3.  Mus.  A  rendering,  as  of  a  musical 
composition,  by  a  single  person.  Syn.:  see  history;  report; 
story. — rec"I-ta'tion,  re.  The  act  of  repeating  from  mem- 
ory; the  reciting  of  a  lesson,  or  the  meeting  of  a  class  for 
that  purpose. — rec"l-ta-tiv(e'3,  re.  Mus.  Language  uttered 
as  in  ordinary  speech,  but  in  musical  tones. — re-cit'er,  re. 

reck',  1  rek;  2  rfik,  vt.  &  vi.  To  have  a  care  for;  have  care 
or  thought;  heed;  mind.    [  <  AS.  recan,  care.] 

reck 'less,  a.  1.  Foolishly  heedless  of  danger;  rash.  2. 
Indifferent.  Syn.:  see  improvident;  imprudent;  wanton. 
— reck'less-ly,  adv. — reck'less-ness,  re.  Rashness;  Indif- 
ference to  consequences.     Syn.:  see  temerity. 

reck 'on,  1  rek'n;  2  rSk'n,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  tell  over  by  par- 
ticulars; count;  compute:  often  with  up.  2.  To  look 
upon  as  being;  consider;  esteem.  3.  To  place  to  the  ac- 
count of.  II.  i.  1.  To  count  or  depend  (ore  or  upon). 
2.  To  make  computation;  calculate.  3.  To  settle  ac- 
counts (with).  4.  [Prov.  or  Archaic]  To  suppose;  guess. 
[<  AS.  recenian  in  gerecenian,  explain.]  Syn.:  see  calcu- 
late.— reck'on-er,  re. — reck'on-ing,  re.  1.  The  act  of 
counting;  computation;  a  settlement  of  accounts.  2.  Ac- 
count; score,  as  at  an  inn.  3.  Naut.  The  calculation  of  the 
position  of  a  ship,  especially  when  made  only  by  log  and 
compass,  when  it  is  often  termed  dead  reckonlnir. 

re-claim',  1  n-klem';  2  re-clam',  vt.  1.  To  demand  or  to 
obtain  the  return  of.  2.  To  reform  (a  person) ;  bring 
(wild  land)  to  a  cultivated  state;  tame  (an  animai).  [  < 
L.  re-,  again,  +  clamo,  call.] 

Syn.:  amend,  convert,  correct,  recover,  redeem,  reform, 
renew,  rescue,  restore,  subdue,  tame. — Ant.:  corrupt,  de- 
grade, deprave,  destroy,  seduce,  vitiate. — re-clalni'a-bl(e1', 
a. — re-clalm'cr,  re.— rec"la-ma'tlon,  re.  1.  A  reclaiming; 
restoration.    2|| .  A  cry  of  opposition. 

re-cline',  1  n-klain';  2  re-clin',  vi.  [re-clinei/;  re-clin'- 
ing.]  To  assume  a  recumbent  position;  lean;  lie  down; 
rest;  repose.  [<  L.r reclino,  <  re-,  back,  +  clino,  lean.] 
Syn.:  see  lean1,  v.:  rest.— rec'll-natc,  a.  Bending  down- 
ward.— rec"ll-na'tlon,  re. 

Re-clus',  1  ra-klii';  2  re-elu'i  Jean  Jacques  Ellsee  (1830- 
1905).    A  French  geographer  and  descriptive  writer. 

re-clusc',  1  n-klus';  2  re-klus'.  I.  a.  Secluded  from  the 
world;  solitary.  II.  n.  One  who  lives  in  retirement  or 
seclusion.  [F.,  <  L.  re-,  back,  +  claudo,  shut.] — 
re-clu'slon,  re.— re-olu'slvu'". " 

rec'og-nizc,  1  rek'og-naiz;  2  rec'og-niz',  vt,  [-nized; 
-niz"inc]  1.  To  know  as  identical  with  something  pre- 
viously known.  2.  To  avow  knowledge  of;  acknowledge 
formally.  3.  To  signify  consent  to;  confess;  admit.  [< 
L.  re-,  again,  f  cognosce,  know.]  Syn.  see  \<  kmihi  i  doe; 
confess;  discern.  rec'og-nl§et.  rec"og-nI'tIoii,  n. 
The  act  of  recognizing;  acknowledgment;  friendly  sninta- 
tion.  Syn.:  Bee  knowledge,  re-cog 'nl-to-ry,  »  re- 
rog'nMlv(e»t.  rec'og-nlz"a-l»l(ce,  u.  rec'oK-»l''"a- 
hlu'!.  re-COg 'nl-zance  or  -sauce,  n.  1.  /.<"<'.  An  ac- 
knowledgment or  obligation  of  record,  with  condition  to  do 


For  words  in  re-  not  given  above  see  re-,  prefix,  pages  647.  648. 


rv.liiinl.i  n( 


•  r         -0 


I 
II. 


I 

■ 

l-llllllll       .  I 

;. 

r .  .     .  mi-  m    n-.l  i    l  I. .11. 
1  i  mends 

r.  i     0  iii-iii.  in  I    .i-li.-r)  .     i 
r.  i     ..iii-iiu  ii. I   .  r. 
n  i    i.iii-|k  1 1 - « - .     .  I. 

i .  quiva- 

luivalent  fur; 

1 1. 

in;  and 

in,  Indemnity, 

:  button,  reward,  sat- 

ompenso 

lury. 

I     ii-(  r  i  'do,  irii'ilii. 

•   authorities  t<> 
mo\  ii  Cuba,  during  the  Spanish- 

pedl  .  t<i  treat 
r.  -i  mi'  i  i  n-lr.i   linn. 

-die,  ■  5n-cD,  tt.    |-i  ii>: 

l .  friendship;  hannon  '-'.    I 

.  :i^:uii; 

rec'on- 

cll"»-l.l  ••   .  r.  i ■  "••!■-■  ib  '  ..-Id  ••  n.'.in-t  ll"a-hl> , 

ii-i  II.     in.  ill.  r.  i    ..ii-rM"rr.    n       rcr"oi>- 

rir  i-a  ii..n.  ncfling,  or  thi 

rii'nii- 

rll'l-.i-l-r 

rci  '.in-ilii.-.  .       fen-doit;  2  rfeVon-dlt,  a.     1.   I 

S< 

Dea!  [  <     I.,    re, 

ag*i:.  together.]     Syn.:  see  ittstbriocs; 

- 

'. .     The 

position, 

r.  -.  ..n   iii.I---.iii 
r.  .    ..ii-iini   t.r.  Ill  I.    To 

r.  .    on  — I  i  re,  for  rnili- 

make  a  recon- 
naiaea-  know.] 

I  -- 1. 1  .  r.  ■  dally  with  a 

n;  in  parliamentary 
•  renewed  action  (a 
n"i  on-sld"er-a'tlon, 
r.    .  ..ii-- 1  rin    i  Ion,  re'eon-etrue'- 

■    of  being 
ation  of 
der  the 
H.i  'in- 1 rui  linn  \i '  -        :  !  867. 

i '  .  .  i 

ather- 
l   .  .  .".  . 

r.  i  "..r-.|.i    I  Imi    . 

i  record.    2.  Recolli 

•  i  ■  -.         I  S. 

rough.    3.  A  reglster- 
1  •.  An  old  forn 
re   nrd.  1 .  .py  of  a 

I'll.         2.     <)!.■ 

:.  autnor- 

best  n  corded 
J.  •">. 

SjTi  ■    rolment, 

entr  i     sent,   In- 

ter, roll. 
scroll.     Rtcvrd  13  a  word  of  wide  signification,  applying  to 


l  i  full,  rftli'i   lull.  Iiftrn; 

iii  i         ....  not,  in,  wd      t    ' 

I  R I VltlU 

nn  extended 

.  r 

.  tombstone  in 
record 

III  i.  in. ml. i  H  \ 

.1    ..r    official    W  ;■•     loll)    a 

■ 
' 

1 1  he  place  win  •  regit 

i    munto,  fur- 
ible  ■  to  defend  nil  Ut  • 

\  .  I  1-1  .  nt  i  i. ill  .  STOR1 . 

r.-i  mini '    .  1  n-kaunt';  2  re-eount',  d     To  tell  tl 

i       i  '  '  . .  .  again. 

RELATE. 

rr-c  mini     ,  1  rt-kaunt';  2 imt',    |      i         mt  again 

re  'COUIlt,  \  i.  |..  1  ii  ion  ..I  :i  .  ..illi! 

re-count 'al,  l  n  kouni  si;  2  n  count's!,  n      \  thing  told,  or 

■  of  i .-in i.i; .  recital    re-counl ' ni:. 

i v->  < > 1 1 1 > ',  1 1  ■  ip',  tt.    I. To 

due)  in  order  to  make  a I  :i  oounter»olaim     '.'. 

maki  up, 
:i.  Ton  indem- 

nify.    (<    I     re-,  again,     i    couper,  out  I     ro-coup'- 

■  iii' ■■  t .  •■      p.   act  ot  i r  reoouplngi  or  the  thing 

iped     re-coup 
recourse ',  I  LReaortfoi  belp  "r 

security  in  trouble.  '-.  Law.  The  right  to  exact  pay- 
ment from  a  parts  secondarily  liable,  where  tl"  fit  I 
party  liable  has  failed  to  pay.    |<  I  return.] 

ri'-nn'cr  .  ]  'it,  r.    I.  (,    I.  To  obtain 

o;  regain,    *'.  To  retrieve,  as  a  loss  "i  dami 
Law.  To  gain  (judgment  i  in  judicial  i  obtain 

by  legal  process.    4  .  To  restore,  as  from  sicknee       II. 

1.  To  t        a  hi  alt  h.  prosperity, 
in  a  lawsuit.    |<  L.OF  recupero,  regain.] 

be  cured,  healed,  or  restored,  cure,  heal,  reanimate, 
recruit,  recuperate,  regain,  repossess,  restore,  resume,  re- 
trieve    See  Rt    i  mm.     Ant.:  tin  -mi..     Prep.: 
: .  cover  ]udgm<  or  dam- 
rc-ri>> 'cr-a-hlc1',  a      re-COl  '- 
ir-> .          ii   -.,■  i    1.  The  act  ol  recovering;  restoration, 

dlclal  award  In  one's  favor. 

r«'"<-<>\  '»t-',  l  ii'k'  .  To  cover  again, 

rec 're-ant,  1  rek't  int.    La.    1.  Unfaithful) 

to  a  cause  or  pledge;  apostate;  false.     "-J.  Crying  for 
mercy,  as  in  the  old  trial  by  combat;  hence,  craven; 
idly.    II.  a.    A  cowardly  or  faithless  person.    [OF., 
craven,  <  L.  re-,  again,  +  credo,  believe.]    Byi 
i.  vsi.M.  ii  a     r.'c'rc-an-c>,  n.  The  quality  of  being  recreant. 

rec 're-ate  ,  1  rek'n-et;2  ri  |-at"ku,:;-.m  "i  ■■•.  | 

To  impart  new  vigor  to;  refresh.    [  <  L.  re-,  aga 

create.]  Syn  <<■  imi  b;  entertain;  relax,  rcc"- 
r.-a'tloir,  n.  Refreshment  ol  body  or  mind;  diversion, 
Syn.:  see  kntkutainmkm  ;  best;  bpoht.— rec're-a-tlv(eB,  u. 

rc"<  rc-ate'    ,    1    j i"k ri-TL ' ;   2   rf'Vre-at',   rt.      To   create 

anew.-   rercre-a'tion*,  n. 

rec 're-men  t,  l  rek'n-ment  or  -mant;  2  ree're-ment,  n.    I. 

Mai.  Any  ii u id  returned  to  the  blood  after  having  i n  once 

..I  from  It,  as  gastric  Juice,  saliva,  etc.  '•;  .  Waste 
material;  dross;  scoria;  spume.  [OF.,  <  L,  recrementum, 
<  re-,  bacl  rt      rec/'re-men'tal,  a. 

rc-rriiii'i-nali1,  I,  1  ri-kriio'i-nSt :  13  re-erim'i-nat,  vt.  &  vi. 
To  accuse  in  return;  repel  one  accusation  v.iili  another. 
nor,  '  HiMi-. atk  |     rc-rrlni"l-iia'- 
li.in,  i,     rc-iTliii'l-na-tit  <•-,  a.    Of  or  pertaining  to  re- 
crimination,   re-crim'l-na-to-ryt.    re-crlni't-na^tor,  n. 
re/'cru-des'cence,  1  rfkru-des ens;  'Z  re'eru-des'Snc,  n. 
A  breaking  out  afresh,  as  of  a  disease  or  won  ml. 
pearance;  return,    [<  L.  re-,  again,  +  crudescu,  grow 
raw]     re"cru-d«'s'cent,  a. 
rc-rruit',  1  n-krflt';  2  re-erut'.    I1.  rf.  &  vi.    To  n  pair 
with  Irish  Bupplies,  as  of  soldiers;  gain  or  r.-ii  -•■  new  Sup- 
liinlil  up;  refresh.      II.   n.     1.  A   newly  enrolled 
r  or  sailor,     'i.  A  fresh  supply  of  something  neces- 
i  d    recrttfer,  forrei  luU  i ,  mend  J 
Syn.:  enlist,  enlist  men,  fill  up,  reenforce,  repair,  replenish, 
Supply.     Bee  km  a\  EH       ArU.:  decimate,  disperse,  lose,  nni 

ter  out,  reduce,  scatter.— re-erult'ment,  n. 
Bee.  Sec.,  aWr.    Recording  Secretary.  — Beet.,  abbr.    Rector. 

ree't,  r.-ct.,  abbr.    Receipt. 
rec'tan-gl  ep, lrek'tarj-gl; 2ree'tan-gl,'n.  Math.  A  rigid- 
angled  parallelogram.    [F.,  <  L.  rectus,  right,  +  an 

rei-lan'KU-lar.  a.   Having  one  right  angle  or  more. 
rcc'ti-,  1  rek'ti-;  2  ree'ti-.     I  ■'rum   Latin  rectus,  straight, 
from  rectus,  pp.  of  rego,  keep  straight:  a  combining  form. 


For  words  In  re-  not  given  above  see  re-,  prefix,  pages  647,  648. 


1: a=  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    ou  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    6hm;    go;    n  =  sina;   fhin,   this.  recoil 

f653  2:wQlf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,  but,  burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this,    redundant 


xec'ti-fy,  1  rek'ti-fai;  2  rec'ti-fy,  vt.  [-fied;  -ft"ing.]  1. 
To  make  right;  correct;  amend.  2.  To  purify,  as  a 
liquid,  by  repeated  distillations.  [<L.  +OF  rectus, 
right,  +  facio,  make.]  Syn.:  see  amend. — rec"ti-fi-ca  '- 
tlon,  n.  The  act  or  process  of  rectifying. — rec'ti-fi"er,  re. 
One  who  or  that  which  rectifies;  a  refiner  or  compounder  of 
spirituous  liquors. 

rec"ti-lin'e-ar,  1  rek"ti-lin'i-ar;  2  reV'ti-lin'e-ar,  o.  Per- 
taining to  or  consisting  of  a  right  line  or  lines;  straight. 
rec"ti-lin'e-alt. 

rec'ti-tude,  1  rek'ti-tiOd;  2  reVti-tud,  n.  1.  Uprightness 
in  principles  and  conduct.  2.  Freedom  from  error;  ac- 
curacy. 3||.  Straightness.  [F.,  <  L.  rectitudo,  <  rectus, 
straight,  right.]    Syn.:  see  justice;  virtue. 

roc 'tor,  1  rek'tar  or  -tor;  2  rec'tor,  n.  The  clergyman  of  a 
parish  or  the  head  of  certaineducational  institutions.  [L.] 
— rec'tor-ate,  ti.  The  office  or  rank  of  a  rector,  rec'tor- 
shipt. — rec-to'rl-al,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  rector  or 
rectory. — rec'to-ry,  re.  [-riesz.  pi.]  1.  A  rector's  dwelling. 
2.  [Eng.]  The  parish  domain  with  its  buildings,  revenue,  etc. 

Jec'tum,  1  rek'tum;  2  ree'tum,  n.  [rec'ta,  pi.]  The 
terminal  portion  of  the  alimentary  canal.  [NL.] — 
rec'tal,  a.    Relating  to  or  involving  the  rectum. 

re-cum'bent,  1  n-kum'bent;  2  re-ctim'bent,  a.  Lying 
down,  wholly  or  partly;  reclining;  leaning.  [<  L.  re-, 
back,  +  cvbo.  lie.] — re-cum'ben-cy,  re.  The  state  of  being 
recumbent,    re-cum'beneet. — re-cum'bent-ly,  adv. 

re-eu 'per-ate,  1  n-kiii'par-et;  2  re-cu'per-at,  vt.  &  vi. 
[-AT"EDd;  -at"ing.]  1.  To  obtain  again  after  loss;  re- 
cover; regain.  2.  To  regain  health  or  strength.  [  < 
L.  recuperet,  recover.]  Syn.:  see  recover. — re-cu"per-a'- 
tion,  re.— re-cu'per-a"tlv(es,  a.  Tending  or  pertaining 
to  recovery,    re-cu'per-a-to-ryt. 

re-cur',  1  ri-kur';  2  re-cur',  vi.  [re-ctjrred',  re-curd'3; 
ee-cur'ring.]  1.  To  happen  again  or  repeatedly.  2. 
To  come  back  or  return,  as  to  the  mind.  3f.  To  turn  for 
aid;  have  recourse.  [<  L.F  re-,  back,  +  curro,  run.] — 
re-cur'rence,  n.  The  act  or  fact  of  recurring;  recourse. 
re-cur 'ren-cy J. — re-cur'rent,  a.  1.  Recurring.  2.  Run- 
ning back.    Syn.:  see  frequent. 

re-cure't,  vt.    To  cure. 

re-curve', )  1  ri-kurv';  2  re-curv',  vt.  &  vi.    To  curve  or 

re-curv'8,  J  bend  back  or  down. — re-curved',  a. — re"- 
cur-va'tion,  n.  The  act  of  recurving,  or  the  state  of  being 
recurved. — re-cur 'va-ture,  re. 

rec'u-sant,  1  rek'yu-zant;  2  reVyu-sant,  a.  Persistently 
refusing  to  conform;  as,  specif.  (Eng.  Hist.),  to  the 
Anglican  church.  [<  L.OF  recuso,  reject.] — rec'u-sant, 
re.  One  of  a  recusant  character,  position,  or  party;  a  non» 
conformist. — rec'u-san-cy,  re. 

red1,  1  red;  2  rSd.  I.  vt.  [red'ded11;  red'ding.]  To  make 
red.  II.  a.  1.  Of  a  bright  color  resembling  blood;  of  the 
same  hue  as  that  color  of  the  spectrum  farthest  from 
the  violet;  also,  of  a  hue  approximating  red;  as,  red 
gold.  2.  Revolutionary;  anarchistic.  III.  n.  1.  A 
•color  seen  at  the  end  of  the  spectrum  opposite  to  the 
vdolet  end,  and  notably  that  of.  fresh  human  blood.  2. 
A  pigment  of  this  color.  3.  One  who  is  ultraradical  in 
political  views.  [<  AS.  redd,  red.] — red 'bird",  re.  The 
•cardinal'bird. — red 'breast",  re.  A  bird  having  a  red  breast. 
as  the  American  or  European  robin. — red 'coat",  n.  [Colloq.j 
A  British  soldier. — Red  Cross  Society,  any  society  for  the 
relief  of  the  sick  and  wounded  in  war,  the  members  of  which 
wear  a  red  cross  as  a  badge  of  neutrality. — red 'den,  vt.  & 
vi.  To  make  red;  flush. — red'dlsh.  I.  a.  Somewhat  red. 
II.  re.  A  color  approaching  red. — red'sKum"',  n.  Grain* 
rust. — red'^Kum"2,  re.  A  red  rash  on  Infante.— red 'dead", 
re.  A  Iead=prcparatlon  of  a  fine  red  color:  used  chiefly  as  a 
pigment. — red  'defter,  a.  Indicated  by  a.  red  letter  or  red 
letters.— red  detter  day,  originally,  one  of  the  chief  church 
festival  days,  indicated  In  the  calendar  by  a  red  letter; 
hence,  any  happy,  fortunate, or  memorable  day.  -  red  'ncss, 
n. — red 'poll",  re.  A  small  finch  of  northern  regions,  having 
the  crown  red. — red'=roan",  a.  Roan  with  a  brlghtred 
cast. — red'skln",  n.  A  North*American  Indian:  from  tin- 
color  of  the  skin. — red 'start",  re.  A  small  bird  of  the  war- 
bler family,  having  a  red  tall.  —  red  tape,  formal  and  tedious 
official  procedure:  from  the  tying 
of  public  documents  with  red  tape. 
— red'top",  re.  A  cultivated  grass  "^M 
sown  for  hay  and  pasturage,  linc'- 
top"i;  herd's' =jrrass"t.  —  red* 
wat,  a.  [Scot.]  Made  wet  by 
something  red,  as  blood.  —  rcd'- 
wlnn",  re.  1.  An  old  world  red*  Redwing  (del.  2). 
winged  thrush,  bright  reddish-or- 
ange on  the  sides  of  the  body  and  the  Inner  wing.  2.  An 
American  blackbird,  having  in  the  male  a  brigln 
patch  on  the  wing.— red=wud,  <i.  [Scot.]  Entirely  mad. 
red  =  wood  J. 


1.  A  Redan  Extended  by 
Curtains.     2.  A  Redout. 


make  ready:  often  with  up.  2.  To  disentangle;  free;  hence, 
to  explain.  3.  To  adjust,  as  a  quarrel;  interfere  between 
foes.    [Cp.  Sw.  reda,  prepare.]    redd  ; ;  rldt. — red'der,  n. 

red3<i,  vt.    [Prov.  Eng.]    To  rid. 

re-dac'tion,  1  n-dak'shan;  2  re-dac'shon,  re.  The  act  of  re- 
ducing or  shaping,  as  literary  matter,  into  proper  form  and 
condition  for  publication;  editing;  matter  so  edited  or  re- 
vised; staff  of  editors.  [<  L.  redactus,  pp.,  <  red-,  back,  -f 
ago,  drive.] — re-dact',  vt. — re-dac'tor,  re.  One  who  re- 
vises, adapts,  or  arranges  any  literary  matter;  an  editor. 

re-dan',  1  ri-dan';  2  re-dan',  re.  Fort.  A  work  with  two 
parapets  meeting  at  a  salient  angle.     [F.] 

redd,  vt.    Same  as  red2. 

red 'die,  1  red'l;  2  rgd'I,  re.  Red  ocher;  red 
chalk.  [<  AS.  rudu,  redness,  <  rcodan, 
redden.] 

rede1**,  1  rid;  2  red,  vt.  [Scot, 
or  Archaic]  1.  To  advise.  2. 
To  solve;  explain;  interpret. 
For  other  senses,  see  read,  v., 
of  which  rede  is  an  older  form. 
— re'dert,  re.    Reader. 

rede2t.  v.,  a.,  &  re.  Same  as  red1, 
;>.,  red,  a.,  red,  re. 

rede,  re.  [Scot,  or  Archaic]  1.  Advice;  counsel.  2t.  A  prov- 
erb; motto;  lay;  tale,    reedet. 

re-deem',  1  ri-dim';  2  re-dem',  vt.  1.  To  purchase  back; 
recover,  as  from  captivity;  deliver,  as  from  sin.  2.  To 
make  good,  as  a  promise.  3.  To  make  amends  for.  [  < 
L.F  red-,  back,  +  emo,  buy.]  Syn.:  see  deliver;  reclaim. 
— re-deem 'a-bl(ep,  a. — re-deem'er,  re.  1.  One  who  re- 
deems.   2.  [R-]  Jesus  Christ,  the  Savior. — re-dem p  'lion.  n. 

I.  The  act  of  redeeming,  or  the  state  of  being  redeemed.  2. 
The  recovery  of  what  is  mortgaged  or  pledged.  3.  The  pay- 
ment of  a  debt  or  obligation.  4.  Thcol.  Salvation  from  sin 
through  the  atonement  of  Christ. — re-demp'tlon-er,  re. 
One  who  redeems  himself,  as  an  emigrant,  by  service  In  pay- 
ment of  passage»money. — re-demp'tiv(es,  a.  Serving  to 
redeem,  or  connected  with  redemption,     re-demp'to-ryt. 

red'=hot",  a.    Heated  to  redness;  intense. 
re-din 'te-grate,  1  n-din'ti-gret;  2  re-din'te-grat.    Id.  vt. 
To  restore  to  a  perfect  state;  make  complete;  renew. 

II.  a.  Restored  to  a  whole  or  perfect  state;  renewed. 
[<  L.  red-,  again,  +  inlegro,  make  whole.] — re-dln"te- 
gra'tioti,  re. 

Red'mond,  1  red'mand;  2  red'mond,  John  Edward  (1851- 
1918).  An  Irish  statesman,  leader  of  the  Irish  Parliamen- 
tary party  In  the  House  of  Commons. 

red'o-lent,  1  red'o-lent;  2  rgd'o-hSnt,  a.  Full  of  or  cliff  us- 
ing a  pleasant  fragrance;  odorous.  [OF.,  <  L.  red-, 
again,  +  oleo,  smell.] — red'o-Ience,  n.    red'o-len-cyt. 

re-doub'Ie,  1  n-dub'l;  2  re-dflb'l,  vt.  &  vi.  To  double 
again;  increase  greatly;  repeat  frequently. 

re-doubt',  re.    Same  as  redout. 

re-doubt'a-bl(ep,  1  n-daut'a-bl;  2  re-do,ut'a-bl,  a.  In- 
spiring fear;  formidable;  valiant.  [<  F.  redoubtable, 
<  redoubter,  fear.]  Syn.:  see  formidable,  re-doubt'edt. 
— re-doubt'a-bl(e-nessp,  re. — re-doubt'a-bl> ,  adv. 

re-dound'd,  1  n-daund';  2  re-dound',  vi.  1.  To  contrib- 
ute; conduce,  as  to  one's  credit.  2f.  To  be  sent  or 
rolled  back.  3f.  To  overflow.  [  <  L.  red-,  back,  +  unda, 
wave.] 

re-dout',    )  1  n-daut';  2  re-dout',  re.    Fort.    An  enclosed 

re-doubt', }  fortification;  an  earthwork.     [<  F.  redoute.] 

red'ow-a,  1  red'o-wa  or  -va;  2  red'o-wa  or  -va.  re.  A  dance 
resembling  the  waltz  or  the  polka.    [F.,  <  Hob.  rejdowdk.) 

re-dress'1,  1  ri-dres';  2  re-dreV.  I.e  vt.  To  right,  as  a 
wrong;  make  reparation  to  (a  person).  II.  n.  Satis- 
faction for  wrong  done;  reparation.  [<  OF.  redresscr, 
straighten.] — rc-drcss'er,  n. 

re-dress'21, 1  rl-dres'j  2  rS-drea',  vt.  &  vi.    To  dress  again 

Red  Rlv'er.  A  river  In  Texas.  Oklahoma,  Arkansas,  and 
Louisiana;  1,200  m.  to  the  Mississippi 

Red  Sea.  An  inland  sea  between  Egypt  and  Arabia;  length, 
1,450  m.;  joined  to  the  Mediterranean  by  the  sue/.  (  anal. 

re-duce',  1  n-dius';  2  re-dug',  vt.  [be-ducbd'';  bb-dtjc'- 
ING.1  1.  To  bring  to  a  specified  form  or  condition.  '-. 
To  diminish  in  value,  size,  quantity,  etc;  lower;  de- 
grade; subdue.     3.  To  bring  into  a  class,  onler,  etc.     4. 

To  change  the  denomination  of;  as,  to  r<  duce  pounds  to 
pence.  5.  's'<"'f/.  To  restore  (displaced  pari  I  to  the 
normal  posit  ion.  (>.  Chem.  &  Metal  an  ore, 
from  nou'tin il allic  constituents,  I  ■  I  '"  n  .  back,  + 
(liirn.  lead. I  Syn.:  boll  down,  compress,  concentrate,  con- 
iiee  e.  con  nil. late,  contract,  diminish,  press  down,  press 
ether,  solidify,  thloken.  Sec  abase;  abate;  abbrevi- 
ate; allay;  alleviate;  conquer;  impair;  relax;  re- 
trench; scrimp;  si  mi. i  i .    weaken.— re-due'er,  re.— re- 

duc'l-blU"',  «.     re-dUC'tlon,  n.      The  act  of  reducing,  or 
Its    result.     Syn.:    see    ABBREVIATION.        re-dUC'tlv(eB,   </. 
Tending  or  serving  to  reduce. 
rc-diin'dant,  1  n-dtm'dent;  2  ro-diin'dant,  a.    1.  Being 


rcd2|J,  vt.    [Archaic  &  Prov.]     1.  To  put  In  order,  as  a  room; 

For  words  in  re-  not  given  above  see  re-,  prefix,  pages  647.  648 


r.lii|>ll.    llr   ll  I  I  I  .  .".       «tt,  Ar;  full,  rflle;   hiH.hflrn; 

tat,  «hs>t,  ,-»  |  ii         i  |      |;  ,.i.  not,  Oi,  »ou,  ft.V4 


t%  -.1  ii 


.   i r.  -.In   |.|i-.   .    - 


.In    |.h 
I. 


immense 


' 


I.  •  nii.-y- 

•'>.  it    pnrt   of  a  loom 

u..\ .  ii  fabi  6. 

;.    '■  .  ancient  Bebrevt 

k.     I        fourth    <>r    true    di- 

,ii>  ..-in. i  'saint.    [  < 

ir.  .     reed",  noting  ■  musical  In- 

;  the  « Ind-pas- 

r. .  i  bird   .  Ii  .1  mostl)   In 

r. .  .i    banting,   n.     The 

r.  i.rt.i n .  musical 

•  sum  ..f  free  rei  :       reed  '> .        I. 
.  thin,  Bharp  t<.m-.  like 
a  rr>  reed  'l-in ■«-.. 

Io»d.  TIlBniai  It r...  k.  n  An  America' 

r. .  i  .  |  reduce  th<  sail,  by 

reefer,  n.    1.  t  >ne  who 

icket. 

i .  a  the  surface  of  the 

r  ledgi      •!.  A  shoal. 

:  ;  —  reefy,  a.     lull  of  reels. 

.•  is  folded  and  secured  in 

<  MU.  ri},  reef  of  a  sail.]  [vapor. 

r. .  k  .  •■;  emit 

reek  .  team.     [<    AS.   rican, 

smo,-     r.k.        reeJi  r,  a.    Having  been  smoked; 
reek1.    I  (    plott;  frolic.     [<    Ice. 

r.  Ik   . 
n.  I  .  I.  To  win.l  on  a  reel  or  bobbin,  as 

II.  winding  rope,  yarn, 

reeL] 
r. 'I        I.  I.  in  walking.    2.  To 

II.  dc.    [< 

\  Irglnla  reel 
Sir  Rotter  (Ji 
i  ogland  through  Virginia. 
n"iii-f..ri  i  '   .   .  J  r8*6n-forc',  it      To  give 

I   ilitary 
etrc:..  To  add 

r     mat.  rial    to;     thicken; 
strengthen  r.    in-f..r.. 

ii-f..n .   in.  nt.         i.  of  reenforctng.     :.  ft  - 

crea-  rreah  body  of  troops.    Syn.:  see  increase. 

■i-f..ri  .    in.  n  I 

gain. 

it  '  1.  To  check 
I  •  Ihbomly;  balk;  a.-  .. 

r.  .     • 

.•.,;  novr.  or  i 
pass,  as  a  rope  or  rod,  through 
■ 
•  formerly  holding  author- 
areas;  baili'  trd.     [  < 


ruff.    [<  KUTF,  the  bird. 1 
r  !  .  Reference,  n  I 

It-  (.  I  'i-.  •      ircn. 

a,  ii      1.1: 
ivil  law,  repair  of 
<    I.  ke.]  — 

irge  of 

the  la-  r.  -f(  .     ih    e. 

r.-(..  ,i.,-r>.   n  ■    /./  ;     A   r'K.ia  for  e*tr 

-pecially  In  a  religious  houw  or  colleee 
re-fer',  1  n-fur';  2  re-fer',  t.     [be-texbed',  bx-tzbd"; 


Ref  . 

re-fi-i    lion. 

r.-f.  .    i|.,n-.  r. 


I.        I.  To  i  iorma- 

ti..n     •>.   i ..  I. ,-.,!  o\  si  foi  ■  onsidei  ■'  ii  >>  •'*■   I 

II.  1.  To  I i.i \ o 

v                         n  m  ■  •'!.  I.,  have 

,-,..  4.    ro  point   "Hi    b\    minks  of 

.. 
m  ii.ii. i  ii      Prep.;  refer  /..  ■  person        considera- 
tion; ipter,  or  page:  refer  /..  a   , 

a  speaking  or  writing      rei  vr-a-M  .    . 
ilr  ..r  being  considered  In  relation  to  something  spool 
ii.-      re-fer'rl-lil  o  :.      refer-ee'.  g       \   pel 

■  \^  ii.  .hi  a  thing  Ii  referred;  In  law,  a  pel to  whom  s 

!.-.  order  of  oouti  for  Investigation  and  report 
ret 'er-eiu-e,  g     i.  riie  aii  of  referring: 

.'.     \    Dot  •  or   mark,  as    In  a  book.  Iliat   refers  to 

other  book  oi  I.  One  who  or  that  which  Ii 

or  ma.)  be  referred  to;  ais...  a  testimonial     4.  i  be  state  of 
cfcrred  or  related:  In  phrases  with  or  in  referent 
r.  I    .  r-eii'iliim,  [  rcl    Bl  en  di  D  I- 

/   '    I  :       lb.'  submission,  bj  ■  diplomatic  repn 
ti\  .•  to  his  government,  ..i  s  proposition  not  covered  by 
tii—  i:  '.'.  The  submission  of  ■  proposed  mea- 

>i  Law.  whieh  has  been  passed  upon  by  a  legislature 
avention,  to  a  vote  ol  the  people  fur  ratification  or 
rejection      Bee  qotiativi      [L,  ni  i  itdus, 

gerundive  ol  r<  U  ro,  see  bj  >  1 1.  ] 

ri'-lllie'.  1  ri-lum';  L'  re-lii.  .     I    A  im-iimu';  inns'- 

is..  )  I.  To  make  or  become  fine  or  pur.-;  make  or  be- 
come courteous  or  cultured,  8.  To  make  subtile  or  over- 
nice  distinctions.     E    D     -•. I  CHASTEN;  PI  him       re-llned '. 

■  baracterlsed  bj  refinement  or  polish,  oourteou 
tiire.i;  purified:  BubUle;  recondite     Byzu  see  fine,    re- 
ttn'er,  ■      re-tln  Vr-j ,  n.    \  place  where  some  crude  mate- 
rial, as   'iL-ar  or  petroleum,  is  ptuifled. 

re-liiic'liient,  1  ri-luiii'ment  or  -m..nt;  2  n-fln'm.-nl .  n. 
1.  Fineness  of  thought,  taste,  language,  etc.;  delicacy; 

CUltUI         '-'•  I  "I  n  tiniiu.';  purification.     'A.  A  iiiei- 

action;  fastidiousm 

Syn.:  civilization,  cultivation,  culture.  citUlzntlnn  ap- 
to  natinnn,  denoting  the  sum  of  those  civil,  social,  eco- 
nomic, and  political  attainments  by  which  a  community  la 
removed  from  barbarism;  a  people  may  be  civilized  while 
still  far  from  refinement  or  culture,  but  Civilization  Is  sus- 
ceptible of  various  degrees  and  of  continued  progress.  AV- 
flnemeni  applies  either  to  nations  or  Individuals,  denoting 

the  removal  of  what  i-  coarse  and  rude,  and  a  Corresponding 

men!  of  what  is  delicate,  elegant,  and  beautiful.  Cul- 
ture In  the  fullest  sense.  a.s  distinct  from  cultivation,  denotes 
that  degree  of  refinement  and  development  which  results 
from  continued  cultivation  through  BUOOeaBlve  fenerations;  a 
man's  faculties  may  be  brought  to  a  high  degree  ol  cuitiva- 
!i  some  specialty,  while  he  himself  remains  uncultured 
to  the  extent  of  coarseness  and  rudeness.  See  in  - 
mini:  38. — Ant.:  barbarism,   boorlshness,   bru- 

tality, clownlshncsa,  coarseness,  grossnes^,  rudeness.  rustle- 
It'.-,  vulgarity. 

re-fit",  1  rl-fit' ;  2  re-fit',  rf.  &  ri.  To  fit  or  be  fitted  again; 
repair. 

r.ti..  Belli  Hon. reflective, reflex, reflexive. 

re-fleet*1,  1  n-flekt';  2  re-fleet',  r.  I.  t.  1.  To  turn  or 
throw  oil  or  hack,  as  rays  of  light.  2.  To  return  an 
image  of .    8.  To  bend  or  fold  back.    II.  i.    1.  To  send 

back   rays,   as  of   light  or  heat.      2.  To  turn  back   the 

thoughts  upon  the  past;  think;  ponder.  3.  To  cast  re- 
proach; blame.  [<  L.°*  re-,  back,  +  flecto.  bend  I 
Syn.:  '  !.;  deliheratk;   mi  be.     re-llec'tlon,  n. 

l.  i  he  act  of  reflecting,  or  the  state  of  being  reflected,  'i- 
The  result  of  reflecting;  an  Image  thrown  by  reflection.    :t. 

IS   of    or   me.lltatlon   upon   past    knowledge    or 
I  nee.     4.  The  casting  Of  blame,  censure.     5.  .1  mil.  The 
folding  of  a  part  upon  Itself;  B  told.     Syn.:  cogitation,  con- 
sideration, contemplation,  deliberation,  meditation,  musing, 
rumination,  study,  thlnklntc,  thought.     See  ANIMADVERSION; 

.in      Ant.:  carelessni  ness,  imprudence,  ln- 

re-flei'lonj. 

r.-tii-e'tl\  e»,  a.    1.  Meditative.    2.  Having  the  quality 

of  reflecting  Light,  heat.  etc.   -I>.  adv.—  re-flec lor,  n.  That 

which  reflects,  as  a  mirror;  a  reflecting  telescope. 
re-flex'.  1  n-fleks';  2  re-fleks'.     I!.  vt.     To  bend  back; 
turn  back.     II.  1  ri'fleks;  2  I  L  Turned  or 

thrown  backward;  reflective.    2.  Phyi  iol  I  If,  pertaining 

■  produced  by  reflex  action.    3.  Biol.  Bent  back; 
renezecL     III.  1  ri'fleks;  2  re'flrks,  n.     Reflection,  or  an 
image  produced  1»V  reflection;  a  mere  copy.     [<   I.,  re- 
bent  back.]  — reflex  action,  motion,  or  movement 

(PhyvitA   .  an  action  produced  by  the  transmission  of  an 
■  ■  ■   i  ■ .  •  '.  r  and  n-  reflection  thence 
efferent  impulse  Independently  of  volition,  as  In  in- 
voluntary wlnklni?  when  the  eye  Is  threatened.— re-flex '- 
l\  <•-.  a.    Reflected  upon  or  referring  to  Itself  or  Its  subject; 
I    i   verb  (whose  object  denotes  the  same  person 
..r  thing   as  Its  subject;,  or  a    reflexive  pronoun  (which, 


For  words  in  •      not  Riven  above  see  he-,  prefix,  pages  647,  648. 


1: » =  final;    l  =  hablt;    aisle;    UU  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  sing;    thin,   this,  reduplicate 
855  2:wplf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  Oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this,    regenerate 


used  as  an  object,  denotes  the  same  person  or  thing  as 
the  subject,  as  In  the  phrase  "I  dress  myself").— re-flex'- 
lv(e-ly,  adv. 

ref'lu-ent,  1  ref'lu-ent;  2  r§f'lu-Snt,  a.  Flowing  or  rush- 
ing back.  [  <  L.  re-,  again,  +  fluo,  flow.] — ref  lu- 
ence,  re.    A  flowing  back,    ref'lu-en-cyt. 

re'flux,  1  rl'fluks;2  re'fluks,  re.  A  flowing  back;  ebb.  [F., 
<  L.  re-,  again,  +  fluo,  flow.] 

re-form'1,  1  ri-f arm';  2  re-form'.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  change 
from  bad  to  good,  or  to  persuade  others  to  so  change; 
make  better  morally;  free  from  evils  or  abuses.  Syn.:  see 
amend;  reclaim. 

II.  re.  Ad  act  or  result  of  reformation;  change  for  the 
better,  especially  in  administration.  [  <  F.  reformer,  < 
L.  reformo,  <  re-,  again,  +  formo,  form.] 

Syn.:  reformation.  A  reform  is  more  external  and  less 
comprehensive  than  a  reformation;  the  most  thorough  refor- 
mations generally  begin  in  attempts  at  partial  reforms. — 
Ant.:  corruption,  degradation,  perversion,  ruin. — refor- 
ma'tion1,  n.  The  act  of  retorming,  or  the  state  of  being  re- 
ormed;  moral  or  religious  restoration  or  revival;  especially 
[R-],  the  establishment  of  Protestantism  in  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury. Syn.:  see  reform. — re-form 'a-tlv(es,  a.  Reforming 
or  tending  to  reform. — re-form 'a-to-ry.  I.  a.  Having  a 
tendency  to  produce  reformation.  II.  n.  [-ries2,  pi.]  An 
institution  for  the  reformation  of  offenders. — re-formed', 
pa.  Restored  to  a  better  state;  corrected;  amended;  an 
element  in  the  names  of  many  Protestant  denominations. 
re-formd'8!.— re-form 'er,  n. 

re-form'2,  1  rl-ferm';  2  re-form',  vt.  &  vi.  To  form  again; 
come  again  into  form  or  order.  [  <  re — |-  form.] — re"- 
for-ma'tlon2,  n. 

.'e-fract'd,  1  n-frakt';  2  re-fract',  vt.  To  bend  from  a  di- 
rect course;  turn  aside.  [<  L.  re-,  back,  +  frango, 
break.] — re-frac'tion,  n.  The  change 
of  direction  of  a  ray,  as  of  light  or 
heat,  in  oblique  passage  from  one  me- 
dium to  another  of  different  density,  or 
in  traversing  a  medium  whose  density 
Is  not  uniform. — re-frac'tlv(ea,  a.  Of 
or  pertaining  to  refraction. — re-frac'- 
tor,  re.    A  refracting  telescope. 

re-frac'to-ry,  1  n-frak'to-n;  2  re- 
frac'to-ry,  a.  1.  Not  amenable  to 
control;  disobedient;  unmanage- 
able; obstinate.  2.  Resisting  ordi- 
nary methods  of  reduction,  as  an 
ore.  Syn.:  see  obstinate;  rebel- ^n  Experiment 
lious;  restive;  turbulent.  —  re-  showing  the  Re- 
frac'to-rl-ly,  adv.  —  re-frac 'to-rl-  fraction  of  Light. 
ness,  n. 

ref'ra-ga-bl(e§,  1  ref'ra-ga-bl;  2  ref'ra-ga-bl,  a.  Capable  of 
being  refuted.  [  <  L.  refragor,  oppose,  <  re-,  back,  +  fragor, 
break.] 

re-frain',  1  ri-fren';  2  re-fran',  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  hold  within 
bounds.  2.  To  abstain  from  action;  forbear.  [<  L.F 
re-,  back,  +  frenum,  bit.] 

Syn.:  abstain,  forbear,  hold  back,  restrain.  See  cease; 
keep. — Ant.:  begin,  continue,  persevere,  persist. 

re-frain',  n.  A  strain  repeated  at  intervals,  as  in  a  song; 
a  burden.    [F.,  <  L.  re-,  back,  -\- frango,  break.] 

re-fran 'gi-bl(ep,  1  n-fran'ji-bl;  2  re-fran'gi-bl,  a.  Capa- 
ble of  being  refracted,  as  light.  [  <  L.  refringo;  see  re- 
fract.]— re-fran"gi-bll'i-ty,  n.     re-fran 'gl-hle-nessf. 

re-fresh'1,  1  n-fresh';  2  re-fr6sh\  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  or 
become  fresh  again;  reinvigorate,  or  be  reinvigorated. 
[Ult.  <  L.  re-,  again,  +  LL.  friscus,  <  OHG.  frlsc,  fresh.]  — 
re-fresh'er,  n. — re-fresh'lng,  pa.  Syn.:  see  delightful. 
— re-fresh 'Ing-Iy,  adv.—  re-fresh 'ment,  re.  1.  The  act 
of  refreshing,  or  the  state  of  being  refreshed.  2.  That 
which  refreshes,  as  food  or  drink. 

re-frig 'er-ate,  1  n-frij'ar-et;  2  re-frfg'er-at,  vt.  [-AT"EDd; 
-at"ing.]  To  cause  to  become  cold;  cool.  [<  L.  re-, 
again,  +  frlgero,  cool,  <  frigus,  cold.]— rc-frlg'er-ant.  I. 
a.  Cooling.  II.  n.  That  which  reduces  abnormal  heat  of 
the  body,  re-frlg'er-a-tlvef.— rc-frlg"er-a'Moii,  n.  A 
cooling. — re-frig 'er-a"tor,  re.  1.  That  which  makes  or 
keeps  cold;  a  box  or  room  for  keeping  articles  cool  by  means 
of  ice.  2.  in  distilling,  a  chamber  or  vat  for  cooling  heated 
liquids.— re-rrlg'er-a-to-ry.  I.  a.  Reducing  heat.  II.  n. 
That  which  reduces  heat. 

reft,  1  reft:  2  reft,  Imp.  &  pp.  of  reavk,  v. 

refuge,  1  ref'yfij;  2  rpf'y\ig,  re.  1.  .Shelter  or  protection, 
as  from  danger  or  distress.  2.  That  which  shelters  or 
protects.    [F.,  <  L.  re-,  back,  +  fugio,  flee.] 

Syn.:  asylum,  cover,  covert,  harbor,  hldlng«place,  protec- 
tion, retreat,  sanctuary,  stronghold.     Syn.:  see  shelter. 
Prep.:  a  refuge  for  the  oppressed,  from  the  oppressor,      ref"- 
u-gee',  n.    One  who  flees  to  a  refuge;  especially,  one  who 
flees  from  persecution  or  political  danger. 

re-ful 'genee,  1  n-ful'jens;  2  re-ful'gSnc,  n.  Splendor; 
brilliant  radiance.     [OF.,    <    L.   re-,  back,    -f  fulgeo, 


shine.]    re-ful 'gen-cyf.— re-ful'gent,  a.    Shining  with  a 

bright  light;  brilliant;  splendid.    Syn.:  see  bright,    -ly,  adr. 

re-fund  'ld,  1  n-fund';  2  re-fund',  d«.    Topayback.    [  <  L. 

re-,  back,  +  fundo,  pour.] 
re-fund'ad,  1  rl-fund';  2  re-fund',  vt.    To  fund  anew;  re- 
place by  a  new=funded  loan. — re-fund  'ineiit  ,  re.  The 
act  of  refunding,  or  that  which  is  refunded. 
re-fuse'1,  1  n-fiiiz';  2  re-fus.',  vt.  &  vi.     [re-fused';  re- 
fusing.]   1.  To  decline  to  do,  permit,  or  yield.    2.  To 
reject;  deny;  repel.    3.  Mil.  To  turn  back  (the  wing  of 
a  line  of  troops),  so  that  it  stands  at  an  angle  with  the 
main  body.    [  <  F.  refuser,  <  L.  refusus,  poured  back.] 
Syn.:  seeRENOUNCE. — re-fus'al,  re.    1.  The  act  of  refusing. 
2.  The  privilege  of  accepting  or  rejecting;  an  option. — re- 
fus 'er,  re.  [melt. 
re-fuse'2,  1  rl-fiuz';  2  re-fus/,  vt.  &  vi.    To  fuse  again;  re- 
refuse,  1  ref 'y us;  2  ref 'yus.    I.  a.    Rejected  as  worthless. 

II.  re.    Anything  worthless;  rubbish.    Syn.:  see  waste. 
re-fute',  1  n-fiut';  2  re-fut',  vt.    [re-fut'ed"1;  re-fut'ing.] 

1.  To  demonstrate  the  falsity  of;  disprove  (a  statement). 

2.  To  prove  (a  person)  to  be  in  error;  confute.  [  <  L.F 
refulo,  repel.] 

Syn.:  confound,  confute,  disprove.  To  refute  and  to  con- 
fute are  to  answer  so  as  to  admit  of  no  reply.  Refute  applies 
either  to  arguments  and  opinions  or  to  accusations;  confute 
Is  not  applied  to  accusations  and  charges,  but  to  arguments  or 
opinions.  Refute  is  not  now  applied  to  persons,  but  confute  is 
in  good  use  in  this  application;  a  person  is  confuted  when  his 
arguments  are  refuted. — re-fut  'a-bl(ep,  a.  Capable  of  being 
disproved. — ref"u-ta'tion,re.  The  act  of  refuting;  disproof. 
re-fut'alf. — re-fu'ta-to-ry,  a.     Tending  to  disprove. 

Reg., after.   Register,  Registrar. — reg.,aftftr.  Registry,  regular. 

re-gain',  1  n-gen';  2  re-gan',  vt.  To  recover  possession  of, 
as  of  something  lost;  gain  anew.  [  <  OF.  re-,  again,  + 
gaigner,  gain.]    Syn.:  see  recover. 

re'gal,  1  ri'gal;  2  re'gal,  a.  Belonging  to  or  fit  for  a  king; 
royal.  [OF.,  <  L.  regalis,  royal.]  Syn.:  see  imperial; 
kingly. — re'gal-ly,  adv.— re-gal 'i-ty,  n.  Sovereign  juris- 
diction; royalty 

re-gale',  1  n-gel';  2  re-gal',  vt.  [re-galed';  re-gal'ing.] 
To  entertain  royally;  delight;  feast:  often  used  ironi- 
cally. [<  F.  re-,  again,  +  OF.  galer,  rejoice.] — re- 
gale! ,  n.  A  sumptuous  feast  or  entertainment.— re-gale '- 
ment ||,  re.    Entertainment. 

re-ga'li-a,  1  ri-ge'h-e;  2  re-ga'li-a,  re.  pi.  1.  Decorative 
emblems  of  royalty.  2.  The  distinctive  symbols  of 
some  society,  order,  or  rank.    [LL.,  <  L.  regalis,  regal] 

Ee'gan,  1  rl'gan;  2  re'gan,  re.  In  Shakespeare's  King  Lear, 
the  second  daughter  of  Lear.    See  Lear. 

re-gard',  1  ri-gard';  2  re-gard'.  Id.  vt.  1.  To  observe 
closely;  give  heed  to;  consider.  2.  To  hold  in  esteem  or 
reverence.  3.  To  take  into  account;  relate  to.  Syn.:  see 
esteem;  look;  pertain. 

II.  n.  1.  Esteem,  because  of  superiority  or  excellence; 
respect;  attention;  notice.  2.  Common  repute.  3. 
Reference;  as,  with  (or  in)  regard  to.  4.  A  courteous 
greeting  or  message.  5§.  A  look  or  aspect;  view.  [F., 
<  regarder,  look.] 

Syn.:  esteem,  favor,  respect.  Regard  is  more  personal  and 
less  distant  than  esteem,  and  adds  a  special  kindliness;  re- 
spect is  a  more  distant  word  than  esteem.  Respect  may  be 
wholly  on  one  side,  while  regard  is  moreoftcn  mutual;  respect 
in  the  fullest  sense  is  given  to  what  Is  lofty,  worthy,  and  hon- 
orable, or  to  a  person  of  such  Qualities;  we  may  pay  an  ex- 
ternal respect  to  one  of  lofty  station,  regardless  of  personal 
qualities,  showing  respect  for  the  office.  See  attachment; 
esteem;  fa  von;  friendship;  love. — Ant.:  abhorrence,  an- 
tipathy, aversion,  contempt,  dislike,  haired,  loathing,  re- 
pugnance.— Prep.:  regard/or  a  friend;  with  regard  to  or  in 
regard  to;  but  now  some  writers  avoid  these  forms,  preferring 
to  write  "regarding,"  "touching,"  "respecting."  etc.  re- 
gard 'ant ||,  a.    1.  Regarding;  observant;  watchful.    2.  old 

Eng.  Lair.  Annexed  to  the  land  or  manor,  :ts  certain  re- 
tainers.— re-gard 'ful,  a.  Saving  or  showing  regard. — re- 
gard'ful-ly,  adv.  re-gard 'fui-ness,  n.  re-gard 'Ing, 
lin/i.  In  reference  to;  with  regard  to,  re-gard 'less,  o. 
Having  no  regard  or  consideration;  heedless;  negligent. 
Syn.:  see  inattentive. 

re-gat'ta,  1  n-gat'e;  2  re-giit'a,  re.  A  boat«race,  or  a 
series  of  such  races.    [It.] 

re'gen-cy,  1  rl'jen-si;  2  rS'gSn-cy,  >i.  [-cibsz,  pi.]  1.  Tho 
government  or  office  of  a  regent ;  also,  the  period  of  such 
government.    2.  A  body  of  regents     re 'gent-ShlpJ. 

re-gen 'er-ate,  1  n-jen'er-SI ;  2  re-gfin'er-at.  I.  vt,  |-at"- 
ed'1; -at"ing.]    1.  To  reproduce;  form  anew,    'i.  Theol, 

To  renew  spiritually.  II.  «.  I.  Having  new  life;  re- 
stored. 2.  Spiritually  renewed;  regenerated,  [<  L.re-, 
again,  i  genera,  generate.]  re-gen  'cr-a-cy,  n .  The  state 
of  being  regenerate!.  re-gcn"cr-a'tlon,  re.  The  act  of 
regenerating,  or  the  state  of  helm,'  regenerated.  Syn.: 
see   change.  —  re-gen'er-a-tlve,  a.     Of  or  pertaining  to 


For  words  Id  re-  not  given  above  see  he-,  -prefix,  pages  047,  648. 


II 


I  I  "  B        ot.  Ar;   full,  rule;   bvt,  lOru; 

'       '  ■  i      i  i  i  


I 

I 

I  - 
■' 

rr*  I-.  I    ,1    I. 

I  • 

with  it; 
n.    1.  A 

.'   . 

r.  |    i-i,i.  niil.      I. 
II  uniform:  now 

-l> . 

;     . 

■  ritory  of 
.   or  dis- 

-  .I.  ..r  pertaining  to  a  re- 

1.  leal 

I.        i  wi.     1.  To 

■  nroll.    2.  To 
'•■ 

Offl' 

appa- 

air  to  a  ro-  ■        : .  ..r  an 

">•  of     tie- 

line*.  i  orrect  rela- 

te, rec- 
orda.]    Snu  we  n  reg'ls-ti 

ii«"l<- 
tra'tlon. 

-try,  I.  t.A 

or  the  place  where  It  Is  kept.    Sit. 

1  a  flat,  narrow  molti- 

ng.   2. 

..  <  •  I.,  rcgula;  see  i 

■ 
:iimanding.    [  <  L.  rci/no, 

royal)  Professor  (a 


record  or  m 

II  1. 


r  •  .-    null.    . 

i:   ..-    Prol  . 

»<•.. 

I.  1.  -■turn. 

II. 

•age  I'.i' ».:  ret  .-:.   also,  the  power  of  passing  back  or  n  - 
£.    (<  L.  re-crea'- 

»bm.  I 

I. 

stress  and  tin 

11.1. 

at  something  h/i*: 
leful  m  ■ 

Syn :  see  ORll 

nil.  -I . .  -rn--.    i». — re- 

That  la  to  rc-grel  'la- 


the plural. 

Kr.i 
r.l>. 
re-fver'donr,  t*.  &  n 


I..  ■• ,  i  n  bj 

'.'.   i     ■     ■ 


Reward;  recompense. 


lar,  ]  I  i 

il\  i.'- 
:t.   \  ."  .  ' ..  ■  .1 .  i  ii . i., Mi- 

I .  H  x t ij_-  l  In-  nil. 

II. 
I 

\     llielll- 

U       iiimn   u; 
-Ii  .  ri  |  "ii-l.tr   l-l>  . 

i.  .    n-l  ii  -ii. 
i.   .    u-l .u-  .  I   i  m"i  i.1; 

rulr 

inge,  oonduct,  iiir.  ■-.  ern, 

ngc,  disorder, 
throw  intu  confusion,  throw  Into 
i . .   n-l  i  tlon,         i  of  regu- 

lating, nr  the  state  of  being  regulated     2.  A  rule  pr< 

rCg  ii-I.i"!  h    ■     . 

nil  ii-l.i"liir. 
I .  i  (in-  w  ho  «>r  that  u  i 
superior  mechanism  and  ai  2.  One 

i  if  a  i  undertaking  to  preserve  order  and  punish 

crime  in  the  absence  nr  failure  of  constituted  authorll 
'  ■  band  of  b 
reg'u-liiN,  i  •,  ins.  ti.     1.  An  Intermediate 

In  smelting  ■  I  ■        er,  lead,  stiver, 

and  nickel.    8.  [K-j  a  siar  of  the  nrst  magnitude  In  the 
i     dim.  of  n  i.  k inn.l 
Bet  n-iii-.  m.ui  ii-  \iiiiiii-.     \  Roman  general;  consul  366 

H.  c:  i>ui  to  death  by  the Carthaglnlana. 
re-mir'i:i-talr.    1    n-gur'jl-tetj  2   n  -r ii r Vi-tfit ,   if.   .V    u. 
i.d;  -tat"ini;.]    1.  To  throw,  pour,  nr  ^ur«i-  back. 
2,  To  can -i-  to surge  back: as, ruminants regurgitate food 
sJready  swallowed.    [<   Ll  to,  <  I.,  re-,  again, 

+  gurgcj  (s/urgli-),  abyss  l  —  rc-giir'nl-tanl.  /i.  of  or  per- 
taining to  regurgitation  rc-Kur"gi-ta'tlon,  n.  The  act 
of  rushing  hack  or  reswallowing;  ipectf.,  the  backward  rush 

•  if  blood  Into  the  heart,  due  to  detective  valves. 

rt'"lia-liiri-lalc.    1    ri  "!,..-li!'i-t."t ;   2    r.""ha-bh"i-tat,    rf. 
|-tat"kd;  -t.\t"ini;.]  To  restore  to  a  former  state,  capac- 
ity, rank, etc. ; reinstate.     [<  LL.  rehabililatus,  <  L.re-, 
.   +  habills,  expert,  skilful       r,  'lia-lill"l-ta'f Ion,  n. 

re-hash*,  1  n-ha-li';  2  re-hash',  rf.    To  work  over  into  a 
new  form:  used  derogatorily. — re-hash',  n, 

re-hearse',  1  n-huTs';2  re-hera',  it.  &  ri.  [hi.-iikmi~i.ii''; 
Rt-iitAU>'iM,.]  1.  To  pei  form  privately  in  preparation 
for  pulilie  performance;  ad  or  repeat  for  prai 
improvement;  practise,  2.  To  tell  or  say  over  again.  3. 
To  give  an  account  of;  relate.  [  <  OF.  reherser,  barrow 
again.]  Syn.:  see  BJELATS.—  re-hears'al,  n.  The  ait  of  n- 
::«,  as  a  play;  the  act  of  reciting  or  telling  over  again. 
Syn_-  see  report. — re-hears'er,  n. 

Ke"Iio-ho'am,   1   rTho-bS'am;  2  rG'ho-bo'am,  n.  Bib.  Son 
and  successor  of  Solomon,  from  whom  the  ten  tribes  revolted, 
leaving  him  king  only  of  the  separate  kingdom  of  Judah. 
■un.  Ix,  31. 

rel,  1  ri  rtiiL'uese  and  Brazilian  coin.    See  coin. 

[<  Pg.  rti.i.  <  s=p.  real,  <  L.  rigalis,  royal.) 

Kiieli-'lanil".  1  -     ,     i   ntf;  2  rliis'laiii",  n.     Literally,  crown- 
i.nni;  the  territory  of  Alsace>LorraIne.    [G.J 

Kei<  ii-'raiii",  i  niin-rut";  2  riiis'rat".  n.    The  parliament  ol 
the  Austrian  Empire  excluding  Hungary.    I';.] 

Keleh-'tag",  njliis't'in";  2  riiis'i.m ".  n.    An  imperial  diet  \t< 

Held.  1  rid;  8  red,  Captain  Mayne    1818-1883).    An  Irish. 

American  novelist;  77it  & 
reien,  1  rtn;  2  r<:n.    I.  ri.    1.  To  In. Id  and  exercise  sover- 
power;  be  al  tin-  head  of  a  monarchy.     2.  To  c  \- 
-. trolling  influi  nee      •'!.   1  o  pn  \  ail  ii 
bly.    II.  n.     1.  The  possession  or  exercise  of  Bupreme 
iminion;  con!  rol;  influeni        '.'. 
.  -  rule.     •ij.  'ill'-  territory  ruled 
by  a  king;  kingdom.     [  <  F.  rty/ic,  <  J.,  regnum,  <  rego, 
rule.)    Syn.:  see  oovKBir. 
re-'ini-burse'1,  1  ri"im-b&rs';  2  re*irn-buTs',  rf.    To  pay 
as  an  equivalent  for  whal  |  enl  or  lost; 

refund;  mdemnify.    [<  F.  rembouraer,  repay.] — re"Im- 
iiur^e'iiieni.         n'  Lm-burs'er, 
r<~iin"plaii-ta'tlon,  1  rl-lm'plan-te'snan;  2  re-lm"plan-ta'- 
!  of  restoring  in  place  a  bone,  or  part  of  a 

■  ii  operation. 
Mini,  1   rtmz  or  <F.i  ran-.:  2rSniS0r  (F.j  rahs,  n.  An  ancient 
:  pop.  110. 000.   Ita  cathedral,  formerly 
'i      rich  kings,  was  bombarded 
ken  by  the  Germans  Sept.  5.  1914      Rhelnjs: 
rein,  1  rCn;  2  rfin.    I.  tf.  <fc  ri.    1.  To  manage  with  the 


For  word-  in     -  not  given  atxive  &ee  re-,  prefu,  pac  -  647,  648 


1:8=  final;    I  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    C"hin;    go;    rj  =  sing;    thin,   this.  Regensburg 
657  2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  relic 


Reindeer 


rein.  2.  To  hold  in  check.  3.  To  obey  the  rein.  II.  n. 
A  strap  attached  to  the  bit  to  control  a  draft=animal. 
[<  F.  rine,  <  L.  retineo.  hold  back.]    Syn.:  see  repress. 

re-in"car-na 'tion,  1  ri-in"kar-ne's1nan;  2  re-in"car-na'- 
shon,  re.  A  rebirth  of  the  soul  in  successive  bodies:  a 
tenet  of  certain  Oriental  faiths. — re"in-car'nate,  vt. 

rein'deer",  1  ren'dlr";  2  ren'der",  re.    [rein'deer",  pi.]    A 
deer  of  northern  regions,  long  domesti- 
cated, and  used  as  a  draft*  and  pack= 
animal.      [Ult.  <    Lapp  reino,   pastur- 
age, +  DEER.] 

re"in-force',  -ment,  etc. 
Same  as  reenforce,  etc. 

reins,  1  renz;  2  ren§,  re.  pi. 
The  kidneys ;  inward 
parts;  hence,  the  affec- 
tions and  passions.  [OF., 
<  L.  rcn,  kidney.) 

re"ln-stall',  1  rrin-stal';  2 
re"in-stal',  vt.  To  install 
again,  re  "  in-stal'  t.  — 
re"ln-stal'[or  -stall'l- 
nient,  n. 

re"in-state'd,  1  ri"in-stet';  2  re"in-stat ,  vt.  1.  To  restore 
to  a  former  state  or  position.  2.  To  replace;  repair. — 
re"in-state'ment,  re.    re"in-sta'tionj. 

reistd,  1  rist;  2  rest,  vt.  [Scot.]  To  dry  in  the  sun  or  in  smoke; 
cure.  [<  Dan.  risle,  broil.] — relst'it,  a.  1.  Smoke-dried. 
2.  Somewhat  tainted. 

re-it'er-ate,  1  rl-it'ar-et;  2  re-it'er-at,  vt.  [-AT"EDd;  -at"- 
ing.]  To  say  or  do  again  and  again;  repeat. — re-lt"er- 
a'tion,  n.    Repetition. 

reive,  vt.  [Scot.]  To  pillage  or  rob.    [=  reave.] 

Re"jaue',  1  re"3Qn';  2  re"zhan',  re.    See  Reju. 

re-ject'd,  1  n-jekt';  2  re-ject',  vt.  1.  To  refuse  to  accept  or 
receive;  repel;  decline.  2.  To  refuse  to  grant;  deny.  3. 
To  cast  away  as  worthless;  discard.  [  <  L.  re-,  back,  + 
jacio,  throw.]  Syn.:  see  renounce. — re-ject'er,  n.  re-jec'- 
torj. — re-Jec'tion,  n.    The  act  of  rejecting. 

re-joice',  1  n-jeis';  2  re-joic',  v.  [re-joiced'1;  re-joic'- 
ing.]  I.  t.  To  fill  with  joy,  gladden.  II.  i.  To  feel 
joyful;  be  glad.     [<  F.  rejouir,  rejoice.] 

Syn.:  cheer,  delight,  enjoy,  enrapture,  exhilarate,  exult, 
gladden,  gratify,  joy,  please,  ravish,  triumph.  Compare 
happiness,  happy. — Ant.:  afflict,  agonize,  bewail,  grieve, 
lament,  mourn,  pain,  regret,  sadden,  sorrow. — re-joic'ing, 
a.  Syn.:  see  happy. — re-joic  'ing,  n.  The  feeling  or  expres- 
sion of  joy.    Syn.:  see  happiness;  laughter;  rapture. 

re-join',  1  n-join';  2  re-join',  v.  1. 1.  To  como  again  into 
company  with;  return  to;  reunite.  II.  i.  1.  To  answer 
to  a  reply.  2.  Law.  To  make  answer  to  the  plaintiff's 
replication.  [<  F.  rejoindre,  rejoin.] — re-join'der,  n. 
1.  An  answer  to  a  reply;  also,  any  reply  or  retort.  2.  Law. 
The  answer  tiled  by  a  defendant  to  a  plaintiff's  replication. 
Syn.:  see  answer. 

re-journ't,  vt.    1.  To  adjourn.    2.  To  refer  for  information. 

Re"ju\  1  re"3ii'; 2  re"zhii',  Gabrielle  (1857-  ).  A  French 
actress;  stage  name,  "Rejane." 

rc-ju've-nate,  1  ri-jii'vi-net;  2  re-ju've-nat,  vt.  [-nat"- 
EDd;  -nat"ing.]  To  make  young  or  as  if  young  again. 
[<  re — h  L.  juvenis,  young.] — re-Ju"vc-na'tlon,  n. — re- 
Ju"ve-nes'cence,  re.  A  renewal  of  youth. — re-ju"ve-nes'- 
rent,  a. 

reket,  ».    Same  as  reck.  [remains,  relics). 

rel.,  nhhr.    Relative,  relatively,  religion,  religious,  reliqux  (L., 

re-lapse', )  1  n-laps';  2  re-laps'.    V-.vi.    1.  To  lapse  back 

re-Iaps'r,  J  as  into  disease  after  partial  recovery.  2.  To 
decline;  backslide.  II.  n.  A  relapsing;  lapse  into  a  for- 
mer evil  state.    [  <  L.  re-,  back,  -f-  labor,  slide.] 

re-late',  1  ri-let';  2  re-lat,  v.  [re-lat'ed'1;  re-lat'ixi;.] 
I.  t.  1.  To  recount  the  particulars  of;  narrate;  tell.  2. 
To  connect,  as  by  blood  or  marriage;  establish  some 
connection,  as  of  thought,  nature,  character,  etc.,  be- 
tween. II.  i.  To  be  in  connection  or  association;  have 
reference  or  regard;  refer.  [<  L.l,I'+F  relatus ,  related,  < 
re-,  back,  +  lotus,  borne.] 

Syn.:  describe,  detail,  narrate,  recite,  recount,  rehearse, 
report,  state,  tell.  See  PERTAIN. — Ant.:  deny,  hide,  hush  up, 
suppress,  withhold. — re-lat'ed,  pa. — re-lat 'er,  n.  One 
who  relates.  re-la'torf.— re-Ia'tion,  n.  1.  The  state  Ol 
being  related,  or  that  by  which  tilings  are  related;  the  bear- 
ing of  two  or  more  things  upon  each  other;  Interdependence; 
connection.  2.  Reference;  regard;  allusion.  U.  The  act  of 
relating:  an  account  or  recital,  t.  Connection  by  blood  or 
marriage;  kinship.  5.  A  relative.  Syn.:  see  anauiov;  his- 
DRED;  kinsman;  REPORT;  story. — re-la 'tlon-al,  a.  re- 
la'tlon-shlp,  n.  The  state  of  being  related;  connection  by 
blood  or  otherwise.     Syn.:  see  affinity;  kin. 

rcl'a-tlv(cH,  1  rel';i-tiv;2  rel'a-tTv.  I.  a.  1.  Having  con- 
nection; pertinent.  2.  Resulting  from  or  depending 
upon  relation.     3.  Intelligible  only  in  relation  to  eaon 


other;  as,  the  relative  terms  'father'  and  'son.'  4.  Gram. 
Referring  or  relating  to  an  antecedent  noun.  II.  re.  1. 
One  who  is  related;  a  kinsman.  2.  A  relative  word  or 
term;  a  relative  pronoun.  Syn.:  see  kindred;  kinsman. — 
rel'a-tiv(e-lys,  adv.— rel"a-tiv'l-ty,  re.  rel'a-tlv(e- 
ness8t. 

re-lax",  1  ri-laks';  2  re-laks',  v.  l.t.  1.  To  make  more  lax 
or  loose;  slacken;  loosen.  2.  To  make  less  rigorous  or 
stringent;  mitigate.  3.  To  abate  in  attention  or  assidu- 
ity; remit.  4.  To  relieve  from  strain  or  effort;  ease.  5. 
To  relieve  from  constipation.  6.  To  make  languid.  7. 
To  deliver  over;  release.  8.  To  diminish.  II.  i.  1.  To 
become  lax  or  loose.  2.  To  abate  in  severity;  become 
less  rigorous.  3.  To  remit  in  close  attention.  [  <  F. 
relaxer,  <  L.  re-,  again,  +  laxus,  loose.] 

Syn.:  abate,  divert,  ease,  loose,  loosen,  mitigate,  recreate, 
reduce,  relieve,  remit,  slacken,  unbend.  Compare  weaken. 
— Ant.:  bind,  contract,  confine,  strain,  stretch,  tighten. — re- 
lax'a-bl(e,  a. — re"lax-a'tion,  n.  1.  The  act  of  relaxing, 
or  the  state  of  being  relaxed.  2.  Indulgence  in  diversion, 
or  the  diversion  indulged  in. — re-lax 'a-tlv(e,  a.  &  n. 

re-lay'1,  1  rl-le';  2  re-la',  vt.    To  lay  again. 

re-lay'2,  vt.  &  vi.  To  forward  by  relay;  provide  with  re- 
lays; obtain  a  relay. 

re-lay',  1  n-le'  or  ri'le;  2  re-la'  or  re'la,  re.  1.  A  fresh  set, 
as  of  horses  or  men,  to  replace  or  relieve  a  tired  set.  2. 
In  general,  a  supply  of  anything  kept  in  store  for  an- 
ticipated use  or  need.  3.  Teleg.  &  Teleph.  An  electron- 
mechanical  device  by  means  of  which  a  current  flowing 
in  one  circuit  makes  or  breaks  a  current  in  another.  [  < 
F.  relais.  <  relaisser,  release.] 

re-lease'1,  1  n-lls';  2  re-les'.  I.  vt.  [re-leased'1;  re- 
leasing.] 1.  To  free  from  restraint,  obligation,  or  pen- 
alty; liberate.  2.  To  relinquish,  as  a  legal  right  or  claim; 
quit.  II.  re.  The  act  of  releasing;  discharge;  relinquish- 
ment; also,  a  written  instrument  surrendering  some 
claim.  [<  L.F  re-,  again,  +  laxus,  loose.]  Syn.:  deliver, 
discharge,  disengage,  emancipate,  exempt,  extricate,  free, 
liberate,  loose,  unbind,  unfasten,  unloose,  untie.  See  ab- 
solve.— Ant.:  bind,  capture,  catch,  confine,  constrain,  fet- 
ter, hold,  imprison,  keep,  restrain,  shackle. — Prep.:  from. 

re-lease '2t,  1  rl-lls';  2  re-les',  vt.    To  lease  again. 

rel'e-gate,  1  rel'i-get;  2  rfeTe-gat,  vt.  [-GAT"EDd;  -gat- 
ing.] To  consign  to  obscurity;  put  back  or  away;  ban- 
ish. [<  L.  re-,  back,  +  lego,  send.]  Syn.:  see  commit. — 
rel"e-ga'tion,  n. 

re-lent 'd,  1  n-lent';  2  re-lent',  v.  I.  i.  1.  To  soften  in 
temper;  become  more  gentle  or  compassionate;  yield. 
2§.  To  grow  less  tense  or  rigid.  3t-  To  dissolve;  melt; 
soften.  Ilf.  t.  1.  To  abate;  slacken.  2.  To  give  up; 
abandon.  [<  F.  ralentir.] — re-lent 'less,  a.  Pitiless. 
Syn.:  see  austere;  implacable,    -ly,  ado.   -ness,  n. 

rel'e-vant,  1  rel'i-vant;  2  rel'e-vant,  a.  Fitting  or  suiting 
given  requirements;  pertinent:  commonly  with  to.  [F.] 
— rel 'e-van-cy,  n.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  relevant; 
obvious  relation,    rel'e-vancej. — rcl'e-vant-ly,  adv. 

re-li'a-bl(ep,  1  n-lai'a-bl;  2  re-ll'a-bl,  a.  That  may  be 
relied  upon;  worthy  of  confidence;  trustworthy. 

Syn.:  trustworthy,  trusty.  Trusty  and  trustworthy  refer 
to  inherent  qualities  of  a  high  order,  trustworthy  being  espe- 
cially applied  to  persons,  and  denoting  moral  Integrity  and 
truthfulness;  we  speak  of  a  trusty  sword,  a  trusty  servant ;  we 
say  the  man  is  thoroughly  trustworthy.  Reliable  is  Inferior 
in  meaning,  denoting  merely  the  possession  of  such  qual- 
ities as  are  needed  for  safe  reliance;  as,  a  reliable  pledge; 
reliable  information.  A  man  is  said  to  be  reliable  with 
reference  not  only  to  moral  qualities,  but  to  Judgment, 
knowledge,  skill,  habit,  or  perhaps  pecuniary  ability;  a 
thoroughly  trustworthy  person  might  not  he  reliable  as  a 
witness  on  account  of  unconscious  sympathy,  or  as  a  se- 
curity by  reason  of  lnsulllclent  means.  On  the  other  hand, 
wo  might  say  of  one,  he  Is  an  unprincipled  fellow,  but  as  a 
workman  be  is  thoroughly  reliable.  A  reliable  messenger  Is 
one  who  may  be  depended  on  to  do  his  errand  correctly  and 

promptly;  a,  trusty  or  trustworthy  messenger  Is  one  who  may 
be  admitted  to  knowledge  of  the  views  and  purposes  of  i  hose 
who  employ  him,  and  who  win  be  faithful  beyond  the  mere 

letter  of  his  commission.     We  can  speak  Ol  a  railroad-train 

as  reliable  when  n.  can  be  depended  on  to  arrive  on  time;  but 

lo  speak  of  a  rrlinlile  friend  would  be  cold,  and  to  speak  of  a 

warrior  girding  on  his  reliable  sword  would  be  ludicrous. 

re-ll"a-biri-ty,  n.  The  quality  of  being  reliable,  re- 
H'a-bKe-ness"'!.  —  re-ll'a-bly,  adv. 

re-H'anee,  1  n-loi'ens;  2  re-li'anc;,  it.  I.  The  acl  of  rely- 
ing, or  the  condition  ol  being  reliant;  confidence 
2.  That  upon  which  one  relies;  a  ground  ol  confidence. 
Syn.:  see  belief;  faith.-   re-ll'aiil.  a.     Confident. 

rel'ie,  1  rel'ik;  2  rSl'ie,  n.  I.  Some  remaining  portion  or 
[ragmen!  of  thai  which  has  vanished  or  is  destroyed.  2. 
Something  cherished  in  memory  of  one  deceased,  as  of  a 

saint   or   niarlyr;  an   object    of   sacred   revcrenco   or   o£ 


For  words  In  re-  not  glvcu  above  see  re-,  prefix,  pages  947i  648i 


r.-ll.  i 

rv  tirgSslv 


I  i  ..        ..     ..         u         ii  itt.  LOrn; 

I     i        i  i  w6a,     <►.">* 


rvl  i.  i. 

I  .    or Ih- 

I 

I 
moun- 

III  LP 

r.  -Hi  >    .     . 
I 

.'. 
t. 
»  '  ■ 

•  nel,  by 
lieved. 

r  -ii.  >    i-i'i 
r.-ii_  i.-n.  1.   \  belief  binding 

■'■ 

:.  ,il  |>:irl 

i.  -'7. 

4.  ■  mity  of  heart 

and    .  5  \   state  of 

i..  ■  .  atioua  devo- 

;  ■ .    i 

i  mnected  with 

■  bind  ] 

morality,  pie- 

primarily  filial  duly. 

In  Its  purest 

lod  as  the  Heavenly  I  ather; 

netlmes  ao  affected 

Igmenl  both  In  heart 

and  -.  Includes  worship 

■  Ihk  reverence 

_■  outward  ex- 

e  la  selfaonse- 

jpedally 

■  1    in    til-   dt 

■    '.lit;.    as  required  bj 

In  mil  ward  arts,  and  thus 

I  heart ;  moral- 

■  .  h  hlch  Involves 

nets  (primarily 
•  ••oesei   la  a 

'     Hon   ol   any   spirit. 

for    (iiirlty    or 

•  re  of  nllgl/m.  or  the 

•    or    Ii-    doctrines.      Faith, 

«trl<  •  toward 

■  religious  doctrines, 
•n  used  as  a  •  •  word  for  a  whole 

Uh,  as.  the  <  liristlan 

a,  blasphemy, 

on,   tirofanii 

re-lltc 'Ion-Ism,  n      The  prac- 

r<*-llK  '- 

i..o-,- 1 .  of  rellg- 

r.  -Ii.-   ion-.  1 

religion     :t.  : 
t 

re-llg'louv- 

1 1  .  d-IIk'Iou  — ii' 

ri-lln  (jui-h  ,  I . 

:. 
. 
n 
r.-lln')|iil-li-ni.  ii'. 
n-l  'i-()iia-r) .  . 
r. — ■!•!•■•  •'. 

relish  .  II.  i  ■•  like  the  I 

-II. 


rel'lsh,        I. 

.'. 
•     rinl 


[<01 

mmon- 
ile,  in 

■ 


- 

Syn.:  app- '  Inclination, 

partiality,  pn  -  ivon 


II  like,  illsrill-.li.   dls- 

r.  -Il>    .  r  •  .  .  -inn'. 

I .  I     |.'o  .  IIOUII  |Ialr 

r    in.  i  i ..  Mow  reluotanoc;  ti.-si- 

r.  -in.    i. mi.         I.  I)  1  I     .  i.  i.i  iii  some  p 

I  b>  uuwiUingm  ■  oi   ren> 
'  1 1\ '   | 
i  I,   loath, 
iw,  unwilling.    Reluctant  ti.  ".  baek,  and 
torn 
or  Impelled  i  ■  i  ill)  doing;  .ii.  w  1 1.  a,  from,  and 

turn)  ilgnlfli  oi  ropu  ■ 

'ii.-  having  a  repug- 
i  it,  or  loathing  for,  tho  the  adjective  loati 

\   ■  \  .  -I  ■  ,  r I  i    I  o 

/  to  ii  when  a  fine  morning 
trin i it. s  iii  mi  out:  he  Is  Indisposed  to  it  In  some  hour  ol 

\  man  ma  ,    I  DOn  I  liai 

in  which  in-  is  by  no  means  aversi      \  man  la  loath  to  i"  III  vi 
■  hi-  friend,  reluctant  to  spoaK  ol  It,  absolutely  unuHUlnt 
in  lias  it  t..  iii-  innir        \  ■. .  .  i  tor  ma;  be  opposed  tc 
lain  measure,  whlli  what  It  alms  to  accomplish. 

Compare  urnPATin      Aj » t . :  di  ier,  fa- 

vorable, Inclined,  willing,     re-luc'tance,  n      I.T1 
ol  being  reluctant;  unwillingness,     '.'. 
for  opposing  magnetic  Induction      re-lue'tan-cyj.     rc- 

ltir   (ant-h,   adt       rrl"ur-th  '1-1} ,   ;i.    I'hu  I 

sluotance  ol  a  substance 
re-lame',  1  n-UQm';2  re-lQm',  tt.&vi,    |m.-i.i  mi  i>'-.  rj  n  \r- 
To  light  again;  rekindle     I-     i..  relitmtno,  <  re-, 

rr-lll   lllllo     . 

r«--l) ',  1  n-loi';  2  re-ljV.  m      []  lt/ino.]     I" 

depend  on;  repose  confidence:  with  on  or  upon,    I  <  L.' 

ri-.  hark.     I    ligO,  bind.]     i 

rem.,       -.    Remark. 

n -in. uh'.   |  6n';  2  re-man',  pj      1.  To  be  left  be- 

hind after  the  removal  or  destruction  of  other  persons  oi 

things     'i.  I otinue,  a-  in  one  plane,  condition,  or 

oharacter.     |<  I."'    re-,    Lark,     r    maneo,   remain.] 
Syn.:  Bee  wide;  persist;  -i\nh     re-maln'der,  n,    Thai 
which  remains;  something  left,  as  after  subtraction,  e  i 
Syn.:  balance,  difference,  remnant,  residue,  rest,  surplus. 
re- main',  "■    •  •  That  which  is  lefl  behind:  mostly  in  the 
plural.    Specifically:  « 1 1  The  body  of  a  deceased  person; 
a  corpse      (2)  An  author's  posthumous  work.-.    '•!.  pi. 
Buman  skeletons  and  immovable  structures. 
Syn.:  see  bodt;  nun:;  n 
rt-inaiiil ',  l  n-mond';  2  *e-mand'.    1'.  ft.    To  order  or 
.-'•ml  back;  recommit.    II.  n,    1.  Recommittal, 
accused  person  to  custody.    "I.  A  judicial  order  of  re- 
mittal.    [<   L.  re,  hark,   +  mando,  order.]     rc- 
niaiKl'mciit :. 
re-mark'.  1  n-mark';  2  re-mark'.    I1,  of.  &  n.    1.  To 
express  by  speech  or  writing;  make  remarks.    '!■  To  take 
particular  notice  of.    8t-  To  distinguish.     II.  n.     1.  A 
commenl  or  Baying,  whether  oral  or  written    'I.  The 
ait   of  observing  or  noting;  observation;   notioi        t. 
Engraving      l'    \  small  engraved  picture  or  other  dis- 
tinguishing mark  on  an  eiigraved  plate,  whether  appear- 
ing on  the  engraved  surface  or  m  tne  margm,  to  innlcate 
ige  in  ii-  progress  before  completion     (2)  A  print 
from  an  engraved  or  etched  plate  bearing  a  remark, 
re-niarinii''; .    [  <  !■'.  re-,  again,  +  marquer,  mark.] 
Syn.:  annotation,  comment,  note,  observation,  utti 

"  ni 1-  an  explanatory  or  critical  r<  mart,  as  upon  Borne 
a  literary  work  or  some  act  or  speech  In  common 
life,    a  nott  i-  something  to  call  attention,  hence  a  brief 
written  statement;  In  correspondence,  a  nou  Is  briefer  than 
a  letter.    A  rutt  upon  some  passage  In  a  book  is  briefer  and 
laborate  than  innotationi  are  especially 

iirirf  nott  i,  commonly  marginal,  and  closely  following  the 

nay   be   oral   or 

written,   comments   being    oftenesl    written,   and    remark 
oftenesl  oral     An  properly  the  result  of  fixed 

attention  and  reflection;  a  rema 
the  instant.     Remarks  are  more  informal  than  a    peech 

re-mark 'a-bl  <■> , ,/.    u  orthy  ol  special  notice;  con 

ous;  distinguished.     Syn.:  sis-  eminent;  bxtraobdinabt; 

rare,    -ness,  n     re-mark'a-bly,  adv.    re-mark'er,  n 

Bern 'brand t,  1  rem'brant;  2  rem'brant.  n.    (1608   1669.)    v 

Dutch  painter  and  etcher    Bembrandl  ran  Kljn  or  Kynt. 

rrin  '«--ily,  1  rem'i-di;  2  rfim'e-dy.    I.  vl.    [-died;  -dy-ino.] 

I.   I"  run-  or  heal,  as  by  medicinal  treatment.    ''.  To 

right;  repair;  correct      II.   ».     [-dii-s7-,  7)/.]     1. 

That  which  cures  or  affords  relief;  a  medicine.    2.  A 

of  counteracting  or  removing  evil;  relief.    [  <  l-.r 

<n.i\    re-me'dl-a- 

iil       .    «.— re-mc'dl-al,  a.     re-me'dl-atet.— re-me'dl- 

al-ly,  mii.~ rem 'e-dl-lr-s,  ,1 

re-mem 'ber,  1  n-mem'bsr;  2  re-mfim'ber,  v.    I.  '.    I. 

To  retain  iri  th<-  memory;  recollect.     3.  To  keep  in 


Kor  word-  in      -  not  iclven  above  see  hi. -,  prefix,  pages  »i!7,  648. 


l:a  =  final;    Inhabit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  fettd;    tfhin;    go;    I)  =  sins;    thin,   this.  relict 

659     2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,  burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this,      renegade 


mind,  especially  with  heed,  regard,  or  reverence.  3||. 
To  remind:  often  reflexively.  II.  i.  To  have  or  exer- 
cise the  power  of  memory.  [  <  F.  remembrer,  <  L. 
re-,  again,  +  memor,  mindful.] 

Syn.:  bear  in  memory,  bear  in  mind,  bethink  oneself,  call 
to  mind,  call  to  remembrance,  call  up,  hold  in  memory,  keep 
in  mind,  know  by  heart,  recall,  recollect,  retain.  Compare 
synonyms  for  memory.  —  Ant.:  forget,  let  slip,  lose,  lose  sight 
of,  overlook. — re-mem 'brance,  re.  1.  The  act  or  power 
of  remembering;  memory.  2.  The  period  within  which  one 
can  remember.  3.  That  which  is  remembered.  4.  A  me- 
mento; keepsake;  also,  a  token  or  message  of  friendship. 
Syn.:  see  memory. — re-mem 'brano-er,  re.  1.  One  who  or 
that  which  causes  one  to  remember;  a  reminder.  2.  [Eng.] 
(1)  One  of  the  recording  officers  of  the  Exchequer.  (2) 
Since  1S73,  an  officer  of  the  Supreme  Court. 

re-mind 'd,  1  n-maind';  2  re-mind',  vt.  To  bring  to  mind; 
recall:  with  of.    Syn.:  see  admonish. — re-mind 'er,  re. 

rem"i-nis'cence,  1  rem"i-nis'ens;  2  rem"i-nis'Sng,  n.  The 
calling  to  mind,  or  that  which  is  recalled.  [OF.,  <  L. 
re-,  again,  +  memini,  remember.)  Syn.:  see  memory. — 
rem"i-nis'cent,  a. 

re-mise',  1  n-maiz';  2  re-mlg'.  I.  vt.  [re-mised';  re-mis'- 
ing.]  Law.  To  give  back;  surrender.  II.  re.  The  act  of 
remising.     [F.,  <  L.  remitto,  pp.  remissus;  see  remit.] 

re-miss',  1  ri-mis';  2  re-mis',  a.  Slack  or  careless  in  mat- 
ters requiring  attention;  dilatory;  negligent;  hence, 
lacking  in  energy.  [<  I.,  remissus.]  Syn.:  see  inattentive. 
— re-miss  'ness,  re.    Syn.:  see  neglect. 

re-mit',  1  n-mit';  2  re-mit',  v.  [re-mit'ted"1;  re-mit'- 
ting.]  1. 1.  1.  To  send  in  return,  as  money  in  payment 
for  goods;  transmit.  2.  To  pardon  the  guilt  and  annul 
the  penalty  of,  as  sin;  forgive.  3.  To  refrain  from  exact- 
ing; discharge  one  from,  as  a  fine  or  other  penalty.  4. 
To  abate;  relax.  5.  To  refer  or  submit,  as  for  considera- 
tion. II.  i.  To  abate  for  a  time,  as  a  fever.  [  <  L.  OF 
re-,  back,  +  mitto,  send.]  Syn.:  see  pardon;  relax. — re- 
mls'si-bKe,  a.  Capable  of  being  pardoned,  as  sins. — re- 
mis"si-bil'i-ty,  n.— re-mis 'sion,  re.  1.  The  act  of  remit- 
ting, or  the  state  of  being  remitted.  2.  Abatement,  as  of  a 
fine.  3.  Relaxation,  as  from  work  or  study,  4.  Med. 
Temporary  abatement  of  a  disease. — re-mit'ment,  re.  The 
act  of  remitting;  a  remittance,  re-mit'talt. — re-mit'- 
tance,  re.  The  act  of  remitting,  or  that  which  is  remitted, 
as  money. — re-mit'tent,  a.  Having  remissions,  as  a  fever. 
— re-mit 'ter,  re.  1.  One  who  remits.  2.  Law.  A  remitting; 
reinstatement,    re-mlt'tort. 

rem'nant,  1  rem'nant;  2  rem'nant,  n.  That  which  re- 
mains; a  small  remainder.  [<  L.OF  remaneo,  remain] 
Syn.:  see  remainder;  trace.  [rearrange. 

re-mod 'el,  1  rl-mod'el;  2  re-mod '§1,  vt.    To  model  again; 

re-mon'e-tize,  1  rl-mun'i-taiz;  2  re-mon'e-tiz,  vt.  To  re- 
instate as  lawful  money.  [<  L.F  re-,  agaiD,  +  moneta, 
money.] — re-mon"e-ti-za'[or-sa']tIon,  re. 

re-mon'strate,  1  n-mon'stret;  2  re-mon'strat,  vi. 
[-STRAT"EDd;  -strat"ing.]  To  present  a  verbal  or 
written  protest;  expostulate  (with  a  person,  aaainst  a 
thing).  [<  L.ll  re-,  again,  -f  monstro,  show.]  Syn.:  see 
complain;  reprove. — rc-mon'stranoe,  re.  1.  The  act  of 
remonstrating.  2.  Expostulatory  counsel  or  reproof.  3t. 
A  demonstration;  show. — the  Grand  Remonstrance 
{Eng.  Hist.),  a  document  presented  by  Parliament  to  King 
Charles  I.,  Nov.  22,  Kill,  protesting  against  his  misgovern- 
ment:  a  forerunner  of  the  civil  war  that  preceded  the  Com- 
monwealth (1649-1653). — re-mon'strant.  I.  a.  Of  or 
like  a  remonstrance.  II.  re.  One  who  remonstrates. — re- 
mon'strant-ly,  aitr. — re"mon-stra'tlon,  re. — re-mon'- 
stra-tlv(cs,  a. — re-mon'stra-tor||,  re. 

rem'o-ra,  1  rem'o-ro;  2  rBm'o-ra,  n.  A  sucking-fish  having  on 
its  head  an  oval  suctorial  disk  by  means  of  which  it  attaches 
Itself  to  sharks  and  other  fishes  and  to  floating  objects,  being 
thus  carried  great  distances.    [I..] 

re-morse',  1  it-mars';  2  re-mors',  n.  1.  The  keen  or  hope- 
less anguish  caused  by  a  sense  of  guilt.  '£'{.  Compassion; 
pity.  [<  L.OF  re-,  back.  +  mordeo,  bite.]  Syn.:  see  re- 
pentance.—re-morse  Tul,  a.  -Iy,  adv.  -ness,  re.— re- 
morseless, a.  Having  no  compassion;  pitiless;  cruel,  -iy, 
adv.    -ness,  re. 

re-mote',  1  n-mot';  2  re-mot',  a.  1.  Located  far  from  a 
specified  place;  distant  inspace.  2.  Distant  in  time,  3. 
Foreign;  distant  in  relation.  4.  Not  obvious;  incon- 
siderable; slight.  [<  L.  removeo.  remove.]  Syn.:  see  alien. 
— re-mote'ly,  adv. — re-mote'ness,  //. 

re-m<j'(ion,  1  n-mo'sTuin;  2  re-mO'shon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  re- 
moving,   2||.  Remoteness;  removal. 

re-mount',  1  ri-n.aunt';  2  re-mount'.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To 
mount  again  or  anew;  reframe;  reset.  '!•  To  supply 
with  fresh  horses.  II.  n.  1.  A  new  setting  or  framing. 
2.  A  fresh  ritlirjg>horse, 

re-move',  1  n-mflv';  2  re-mov'.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  move  ..r 
take  away;  t ransfer  from  one  place  to  another,  ;is  one's 
residence.    2.  To  destroy  or  put  an  end  to.    3.  To  go  from 


one  place  to  another;  change  one's  residence;  move.  4. 
To  displace,  as  from  office.  II.  re.  1.  A  removal.  2.  The 
space  moved  over ;  hence,  an  interval.  3.  A  course,  as  at 
dinner.  [<  L.OF  re-,  again,  +  movco,  move.)  Syn.:  see 
abolish;  abstract;  alleviate;  cancel;  carry;  convey; 
displace;  exterminate;  separate. — re-mov"a-bil'i-ty, 
n. — re-mov 'a-bi(ep,  a. — re-mov'a-bl(e-nessp,  re. — re- 
mov 'al,  re.     The  act  of  removing.— re-mov 'er,  n. 

Rem'sen,  1  rem'sen;  2  rem'sen,  Ira  (1846-  ).  An  Amer- 
ican chemist,  educator,  and  scientific  author. 

re-mu  'ner-ate,  1  rt-miu'nar-et ;  2  re-mii'ner-at,  vt.  [-at"- 
EDd;  -at"ing.]  To  make  just  or  adequate  return  for; 
compensate;  pay;  reward.  [<  L.  re-,  again,  +  munus 
(muner-),  gift.]  Syn.:  see  pay;  requite. — re-mu"ner-a- 
bil'i-ty,  «.— re-mu 'ner-a-bl(eP,  a.— re-mu"ner-a'tIon, 
re.  1.  The  act  of  remunerating.  2.  That  which  remunerates; 
compensation;  recompense.  Syn.:  see  recompense;  resti- 
tution; salary.—  re-mu 'ner-a-tiv(e9,  a.  Profitable. 
Syn.:  see  profitable,  re-mu 'ner-a-to"ryt  [Archaic]. — 
re-mu 'ner-a-tive-ly,  adv.— re-mu 'ner-a-tive-ness,  re. 

re-mur'mur,  1  ri-mfjr'mar;  2  re-mur'mur,  v.  I.  t.  To  mur- 
mur back ;  repeat  in  low  indistinct  sounds.  II.  i.  To  reiter- 
ate a  murmuring  sound. 

Re'mus,  1  ri'mus;  2  re'mus,  re.  One  of  the  twin  brothers, 
traditional  founders  of  Rome;  slain  by  his  brother,  Romulus. 

Re-nais"sance',  1  ra-ne"sans';  2  re-na"san?',  re.  1.  [r-] 
A  new  birth;  resurrection;  revival,  re-nas'cencef.  2. 
Specif.,  the  revival  of  letters  and  art  in  Europe  marking 
the  transition  from  medieval  to  modern  history:  it  began 
in  Italy  in  the  14th  century  and  gradually  spread  to 
other  countries.  [F.,  <  renaissant,  ppr.  of  renaitre,  be 
born  again,  <  L.  renascor;  see  renascence.] — Re-nais"- 
sance',  a.  Pertaining  to  or  characteristic  of  the  Renais- 
sance, as  the  schools  of  architecture  and  painting  originating 
in  Italy  in  the  15th  century. 

re'nal,  1  rl'nal;  2  re'nal,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  kid- 
neys.   [<  Ij.of  renalis,  <  renes,  kidneys.] 

Re-nan',  1  re-nan';  2  re-nan'.  Joseph  Ernest  (1823-1892). 
A  French  writer  and  Orientalist. 

ren'ard,  re.    Same  as  reynard.    ren'aldf. 

re-nas'cence,  1  n-nas'ens;  2  re-nas'enc,  re.  1.  The  state  of 
being  reborn;  new  birth  or  life.  2.  [R-]  The  Renaissance. 
[<  L.  renascor,  ppr.  renascenU-)s,  <  re-,  again,  +  nascor,  be 
born.]    re-nas'cen-cyt. — re-nas'cent,  a. 

ren-coun'ter,  1  ren-kaun'tar;  2  r6n-coun'ter.  I.  vt.  &  vi. 
To  meet  by  surprize,  as  a  foe.  II.  n.  1.  A  sudden  hos- 
tile collision.  2.  An  unexpected  encounter.  3.  A  con- 
test or  debate.  [Ult.  <  L.  re-,  again,  +  in,  to,  +  contra, 
against.]     ren-con'tret. 

rend,  1  rend;  2  rfnd,  vt.  &  vi.  [rent  or  rend'ed^;  rend'- 
ing.]  1.  To  separate  or  be  sundered  into  parts  by  force; 
tear.  2.  To  effect  by  tearing  apart.  3.  To  remove 
forcibly.    [  <  AS.  rendan,  tear  down.] 

Syn.:  break,  burst,  cleave,  lacerate,  mangle,  rip,  rive,  rup- 
ture, sever,  slit,  sunder,  tear.  Rend  and  tear  are  applied 
usually  to  the  sundering  of  textile  substances  (rend  also  to 
frangible),  tear  being  the  milder,  rend  the  stronger  word. 
To  rip,  as  usually  applied  to  garments  or  other  articles  made 
by  sewing  or  stitching,  is  to  divide  along  the  line  of  a  seam 
by  cutting  or  breaking  the  stitches;  the  other  senses  bear 
some  resemblance  or  analogy  to  this;  as,  to  rip  open  a 
wound.  Rive  is  a  wood=workers'  word  for  parting  wood  in 
the  way  of  the  grain  without  a  clean  cut.  To  lacerate  Is 
to  tear  roughly  the  flesh  or  animal  tissue,  as  by  the  teeth  of  a 
wild  beast;  a  lacerated  wound  is  distinguished  from  a  wound 
made  by  a  clean  cut  or  Incision.  Mangle  Is  a  stronger  word 
than  lacerate;  lacerate  is  more  superficial,  mangle  more  com- 
plete. To  burst  or  ni/i/iire  is  to  tear  or  rend  by  force  from 
within,  burst  denoting  the  greater  violence;  as.  to  burst  a 
gun;  to  rupture  a  blood-vessel;  a  steam-boiler  may  be  rup- 
tured without  explosion.  Compare  BREAK;  hole.-  Ant.: 
heal,  join,  mend,  reunite,  secure,  stitch,  unite,  weld. 
rend'er,  re. 

ren'der,  1  ren'der;  2  r£n'der,  vt.  1.  To  make  of  or  change 
to  a  specified  character;  cause  to  be.  2.  To  furnish; 
give.  3.  To  interpret,  express,  or  represent,  as  a  musical 
composition.  4.  To  translate.  5.  To  return,  as  requital; 
give  back.  6.  To  melt  and  clarify,  as  lard.  7.  To  lay  on 
to  brickwork  or  stonework,  as  a  firs!  Coal  of  plaster, 
[<    F.  remlre.  give  back,  surrender.]     S.VH.:  see  INTERPRET. 

— ren'der-a-Dl(eP,  a.— ren'der-er,  re.— ren-der-Ing,  n. 

Syn.:  sec  definition.— ren-dl'tlon,  n.     I.   \  translation; 

interpretation,  2.  A  surrendering.  3.  The  act  of  rendering, 
or  the  amount  rendered. 

reii'dez-vons,  l  rfin'for  ren^de-vfl;  ','  ran'for  renlde-vu. 
I.vt.&vi.  |-viMM,r>; -vim  .-  in<  |  To  assemble  or  cause 
to  assemble  .it  b  given  place.  II.  n.  [ben'dez-votjb, 
pi.)  1.  An  appointed  place  of  meeting  Z.A  meeting,  or  an 
appointment  to  meet.  St.  A  resort;  refuge.  [F.,  <  rendtf 
nous,  assemble  yourselves.] 

ren 'e-gade,  1  ren'i-gSd;  2  ren'e-ftUd,  ii  An  apostate;  a 
deserter,    [  <  Sp.  renegade]    ren"e-ga'dot. 


For  words  In  re-  not  given  above  see  be-,  prefix,  pages  fi47.  (148. 


t.   -II.    >.      - 

re— Dewed  , 

r.  - 


r.--iil   I. ■in-.-.    •        re-al' 


rr   n<>-m 
rv-imnii' 


I  ■         .  I  ■ no        " 

i      M     Dal,  «iif..  ,»  .  .1111  i,  Or,  wAn,        660 

ic .  i . 1 1 1.  .  Itepubllcan     n-p..  repr.,  oMr, 

ri-|i.in                                        i           it  tore  to  o 

1. 1  njury); 
II.         i.i 

•.  ■    mdition 

.  -|i  .lr  .i .  rip'.i-r.i-liH'- 

l-i  i  .  t.  |.  .i-i  .-I.I  .■  .  rap      i.  ..(  r.  |Milr  .'i 

r. -|.  ilr   ..-I.I   .  np'a-r.i-lih  .  r.p".i-i  a- 

iiiiii.        i  innl   amonds; 

Indrmn  ■  ■       '.'   .    i  li  lug  or  the  state  ol  being 

n -p.ir  \i-lli   !•-,  a. 

n  -p  ur    .    I.  I     bctako  o  return     II  - 

rhi  n  :  ol  repaii  ing,  oi  i  hi  plai  b  to  which  one  re- 
pain     |  -    I.  ' '  •  norland  I 
re-pand  ',  1  i    p  md                            Boi     Having  ■  « 

uneven  outline:  aald  i    repandu  ,  bent  back.] 

r«'|>"ar-trr',  |  \  wittj  oi  apt 

i .  i  ■  I  -.  harp  rejoinder     I  •    OF.  n  pa 

■-.  replj  i   sin   •■■ .-  inswi  it 

re-post  '• .      S         ro  supply  with  or  partake  o(  f i 

ri--p.i-(',  l  n-pust';  2  re-past',  n      I.  Th<   act  ol  taking 

or  the  food  taken;  a  meal     8.  Food  in  g<  m  ralj 

victuals      re-pas'turef.     [OF.,   «     i  again,    | 

n-p.i   iri-.in  .  i.-pa'm-al,    ti  n"ii.; 

...  |    To  reestablish  :i  pei  ion  in  bis  own  country, 
u  after  exile.     [<   L.  re-,  again,    |    patria,  oountrj  1 

n-p.i"trl-a  'Hull,  ti. 

re-pa]  '.  1  i  1 1 ■  p  kj  bach .  paj 

again;  ratal  re-paj  'a-ble, 

re-pa]  'mini. 

ropeal',  1  n-pll';2  re-peT\  I.  . '  I.  To  rescind,  aa  a  law; 
revoke      !8t.  To  summon  back,  as  from  exile;  recall. 

v.  -.  I    1 .  .    .    '. 

II.;,.    L  The  act  of  repealing.    Zf.  Recall.    [<    I 
recall.]    re-peal 'a-bl(e*»  a.   -re-peal'er,  n. 
re-peat*1, 1  n-pit';  2  1.1     l.T<  lyover; 

reiterate,  8.  To  recite  from  memorj  D.  i  rosayor 
do  anything  over  or  again.  Specif.:  (1)  [U.  S.]  To  vote 
more  than  once  at  the  same  election:  an  offense  punish- 
able I);.-  law.     (2)  To  Btrike  again  the  hour  last  struck 

W  hi  :■  [<    L.' 

re-,  agal  eek.]      Syn.:  see  imitate. 

re-peat'ed,  a.  Syn:  sop  i  bj  w  i  i  re-peat 'ed-ly, 
adv. — re-pent 'or,  n.  1.  One  who  or  thai  which  repeats,  2. 
a  timepiece,  especially  :i  watch,  thai  strikes  :it  any  time  the 
last  hour,  and  the  quarters  and  the  odd  minutes. 

I.  a  repeating  Qrearm.    4.  Teleg.  An  instrument  torauto- 
illy   retransmitting   telegraphic  ^i^nais.     ~>.  [U.   B.] 

•  sally  VOteS,  or  uttrmpt.s  to  vuli-,  more  tli:m  oiiee 

at  tin  ion. 

re-peat ',  n.  1.  Ma  <  1 )  A  sinn  consisting  of  dots  placed 
in  the  spaces  at  the  left  hand,  of  a  bar  to  indicate  that  the 
preceding  p  to  be  repeated,     (2)  A  repeated 

—  ,  song,  refrain,  etc     'i.  Anything  repeat)  'i.  as  a 
upply  "i  goods  or  a  renewed  order  for  such  supply, 
act  of  repeating. 
re-pel')  1  n-pel';  2  re-p61',  <■.    [be-pelled ',  be-peld'b;  be- 
pei/lxng.]    I.i.    I.  To  force  oi  keep  back,,  physically  or 
mentally;  check;  repulse.    'I.  To  drive  or  keep  away: 
opposed  to  attract.    II.  i.    To  act  .so  as  i"  drive  some- 
thing back;  have  repulsive  character  or  tendency.    [< 

I..  /-.-.!■  - 1  r i \  .•  ] 

drive  imrk,  force  bark,  oppose, 
repul  Is  stronger  and  more  conclu  Ive 

than  r, ;/</.■  one  ms  ■    i  ei  i  a  peel  of  the 

:i  i ,  no!  n  pul  i  d  except  by 
a  direct  refusal  of  bis  suit.    Bee  drive.-   Ant.:  accept,  ad- 
iii it .  agree  to,  encourage,  entertain,  favor.  Kraut,  welcome. 
re-pel tence,  n.    re-pel len-cyi.    re-pellent.    I.  a. 
1.  Serving,  tending,  or  having  power  to  repel,    'i.  Water* 
proof.    11."     I.  \  v.at.  r  iiroof  rioiii.    2.  A  remedial  appli- 
cation that  tends  to  repel  Quids  from  a  swollen  part. 
re-pent'*,  1  n -pent';2  re-pent',  vt.&vi.    1.  To  feel  repen- 
tance ior;  experii  in,   with  di 
amend;  regret,    'J.  I   ■    m     to  feel  repentance  or  r 
in  archaic  use  often  impersonal  or  reflexive;  as,  it  re- 
'  him.    [<  L.* re-, back, again,    •  pseniteo, repent.] 
re-pen 'tance,         \  turning  with   orrow  from  a  past  sin- 
ful co  • 

Syn.:  compunct  Ion,  contril  Ion  penitence,  ri-cret,  remorse, 
sorron  matter. 

•  wrong-doing.    To  speak  of 
!  for  a  fault  of  our  own  mari  titer  than  one  for 

which  row  lor 

win  with  self-condemnation,  and  complete  turning  from  the 
«in.  Penitence  is  transient,  and  may  involve  no  change 
of  character  or  conduct.     There  may  be  sorrow  without 

lor  words  In  n-  not  git  en  above  see  re-,  prefix,  pages  647,  648. 


Itrnlform 

\  It]  In  N    w  . 

I .  tomach  of  a 

run  in  i  [  (Dial.)       !.    \ 

ination. 

\  '.'■  •  Of  the 

mm     . 

r.  -iM.in.       j  r.  -n - 

|l(t  -MM  Nl  I  I'"  ; 

i.  longer; 

p  ■  split  1 1 1  >  .  forswear      •'(.    1 1 1 

back,    + 
ird,  disclaim, 

•  -t.  repudiate, 
retr.i  I  ,    recall,   recant, 

■-.  ntul  nuntio,  hear  a 
anil   five   up   formally   ami 

■   pomps  and  vanities  of  the 

.A  i  is  to  take 

barx  ■  laid  as  no)  true  or  as  what  one 

Is  dm  I  a  charge  or  accusa- 

•  iallv  his  own.  he  rttrncts 
what  was  directed  against  another.  Rcpudiati  (L.  re,  back, 
or  aa  martly  to  renounce  a.s 

a  wife;  thus  In  cencral  to 
put  ..  ined  repulsion;  a-s.  to 

amrm  to  be  not  trui 

nl  or  a  relationship;  or  to 

not  deny  him  wha-  To  discard  I 

as  useless  i  as  discards  a  worn  garment; 

a  lover.     Rtrokc  (L.  re,  back,  ai 

ilcnt  of  the  English 
back  something  Klven  or  granted; 
.rnand.  a  will  used  In 

applli  d  to  persons,  as 
and  r<  vokt  b  i 
mi  »Tf.:    aiulhe;    RECANT. — Ant.: 
scknowiefi---  cherish,   claim,   de- 

matartaln,  own.  proclaim,  retain,  uphold,  vindi- 
cate.- r.-iiMijii.  .-'iiii-nt.  .     re-noune'er, 

■  '•   ■  -Vftt.Sf.      (-VAT*,EDd;  -VAT*- 

i  ■  n  oi  w     'i.  To  make 

.     purify.    J<  L.  rr-,  again,   -i 

-i  .'ti,..,  reii 'o-\  a"- 


ren"o-»a'tluii, 


r.-n  ii-uli-, 
tor.       rea'e~vat*es 

.-naun';2  re-nown',  n.    1.  Tin-  state  of  being 
merits;  fame. 
■  .  tion.     [<    I 

re-nowned',  a. 
- 
rini  I.        1.  ! 

anil  ;. 

II.  rent  '.i- 

1.1   •  r.nt    .  r. 

n nt    • 
- 

re n i  ,        i .  ■.%•  rending.    '.'. 

BOLE. 

ri  ni  .         i  v  made  for  the  use 

.'  .  Income.    ,  • 
r.iit    m.  I  '    ,m  rented  property. 

r.  ill '  roll":, 
ri-nun'i  i-.i  tion,     |     •  rr.    2    n-ni'in'ri-a'- 

i  ■  :.   \  declaration, 

■  Bounced, 
re-nun 'cl-a-to-ry,  a. 

-ic  having  a  corded 
■>P-.     iiAr.       Report,     reporter,     it'-prcsentatlvc.—  Kep., 


1:  a  =  final;    I  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    m  =  fewd;    tfhin;    go;    n  =  sires;    Chin,    this. 
661        2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   thia. 


renege 
repress 


repentance,  as  for  consequences  only,  but  not  repentance 
without  sorrow.  Compunction  is  a  momentary  sting  of  con- 
science, in  view  either  of  a  past  or  of  a  contemplated  act. 
Contrition  is  a  subduing  sorrow  for  sin,  as  against  the  divine 
holiness  and  love.  Remorse  is,  as  its  derivation  indicates,  a 
biting  or  gnawing  back  of  guilt  upon  the  heart,  with  no  sug- 
gestion of  divine  forgiveness. — Ant.:  approval,  comfort, 
complacency,  content,  ease  of  conscience,  hardness,  impeni- 
tence, obduracy,  obstinacy,  recusancy,  se!f»approval,  self* 
complacency,  self=congratulation,  stubbornness. — Prep.;  re- 
pentance of  or  in  heart,  or  from  the  heart;  repentance  for 
sins;  repentance  before  or  toward  God;  repentance  unto  life. 

re 'pent,  1  ri'pent;  2  re'pent,  a.  1.  Hot.  Lying  flat  and  root- 
ing.   2.  Zool.  Creeping.    [<  L.  repo,  ppr.  rcpcn(t-)s,  creep.] 

re-pen 'tant,  a.  Showing  or  characterized  by  repentance. 
— re-pen 'tant-ly,  adv. — re-pent'er,  re. 

re"per-cus'sion,  1  rf'par-kusVan;  2  re"per-ciish'on,  re. 
The  act  of  driving  .or  throwing  back,  or  the  state  of 
being  driven  back;  rebound. — re"per-cus'siv(es,  a. 

rep"er-toire',  1  rep"ar-twdr';  2  r£p"er-twar',  «•  A  list  of 
pieces,  or  the  like,  that  a  person  or  company  is  prepared 
to  perform;  also,  such  pieces  collectively.     [F.] 

rep'er-to"ry,  1  rep'ar-to"n;  2  r£p'er-to"ry,  n.  [-riesz, 
pi.]  1.  A  place  where  things  are  gathered  together,  or 
the  things  so  gathered;  a  repository;  collection.  2. 
Same  as  repertoire.  3.  A  place  where  things  are  so 
arranged  that  they  may  be  found  easily;  an  inventory, 
etc.     [<  F.  repertoire,  <  L.LL  reperio,  find  again.] 

rep'e-tend,  1  rep'i-tend;  2  rep'e-tgnd,  re.  That  part  of  a 
circulating  decimal  which  is  repeated  indefinitely.  [  < 
L.  repeto.  repeat.] 

rep"e-ti'tion,  1  rep"i-tisVan;  2  rep"e-tish'on,  re.  1.  The 
act  of  repeating.  Specif. :  (1)  The  doing,  making,  or  say- 
ing of  something  again.  (2)  Recital  from  memory.  (3) 
Mils.  The  singing  or  playing  of  the  same  passage  over 
again.  2.  That  which  is  repeated. — rep"e-ti'tious,  a. 
[U.  S.]  Characterized  by  or  containing  repetition,  espe- 
cially useless  repetition. 

re-pine',  1  n-pain';  2  re-pin',  vi.    [re-pined';  re-pin'ing.] 
To  be  discontented;  complain;  murmur.     [<  re-   -f- 
pine,  v.]    Syn.:  see  complain. 
— re-pin'er,  re. — re-pin'ing,  n. 

re-pique',  1  n-plk';  2  re-pik'.  1.  vt.  &  vi.  [re-piqued'';  re- 
piqu'ing.]  To  score  a  repique.  II.  n.  In  piquet,  the  scor- 
ing of  30  or  more  points  before  playing  begins,  from  cards 
held  in  the  hand.    Compare  pique.     [F.] 

re- place",  1  ri-ples';  2  re-plac',  vt.  1.  To  put  back  in 
place.  2.  To  take  or  fill  the  place  of;  put  a  substitute  in 
place  of.  3.  To  refund;  repay.  4.  To  put  in  a  new  or 
another  place.  [<  re-  +  place.] — re-place 'a-bl(ep, 
a. — re-place'ment,  re. — re-plac'er,  re. 

re-plen 'ish1,  1  n-plen'iSh;  2  re-plen'ish,  vt.  To  fill  again; 
supply  or  stock  abundantly.  [  <  L.OF  re-,  again,  + 
plr.nus,  full.]    Syn.:  see  recruit. 

— re-plen'ish-er,  n. — re-plcn'ish-ment,  re. 

re-plete',  1  n-plit';  2  re-plet',  a.  1.  Full  to  the  uttermost; 
lavishly  stocked;  abounding.  2.  Complete;  perfect. 
[<  L.of  re-,  again,  +  vico_  nil.]— re-ple'tion,  n.  The  state 
of  complete  or  excessive  fulness;  plethora. — re-ple'tiv(cs,  a. 
Filling  completely;  also,  tending  to  repletion. 

rc-plev'in,  1  n-plev'in;  2  re-plcv'in,  n.  Law.  1.  An  action  to 
regain  possession  of  personal  property  unlawfully  retained. 
2.  The  judicial  writ  or  process  by  which  such  proceedings  are 
instituted.  [OF.,  <  rcplcvir,  pledge,  <  LL.  rcplevio,  <  L. 
re-,  again,  +  prsebeo;  see  prebend.] 

re-plev'y,  1  n-plev'i;  2  re-plev'y,  vt.  [-ied;  -v-ing.]  Law.  To 
recover  possession  of  (chattels)  by  proceedings  in  replevin. 
[  OF.  rcplcvir;  see  replevin. 1  re-plcv'lnf. — re-plev'i-a- 
bl(e>',  a.    re-plcv'ls-a-bKct. 

rep'Ii-ca,  1  repTi-ke;  2  rejpli-ea,  re.  1.  A  duplicate,  as  of 
a  picture,  executed  by  the  original  artist;  hence,  a  copy; 
reproduction.  2.  Mus.  A  passage  to  be  perform.. I  a 
second  time,    [ft.]    Syn.:  see  duplii  ite;  model. 

rep'll-cant,  1  rep'h-kant;  2  rep'll-cant,  n.  One  who  makes 
replies. 

repil-cate,  1  rep'h-ket;  2  rep'll-cat,  a.  Folded  backward,  as 
Hie  upper  part  Ol  a  leaf  on  the  lower,  or  the  u  lug  Of  an  Insect. 
[<  L.  replico;  see  reply!  rep'li-caf'ed  |.  rcp"li-ra'- 
tlon,  re.  1.  A  reply;  In  law.  a  plaintiff's  reply  to  a  defen- 
dant's plea  or  answer,  'i.  A  repetition  or  copy.  3.  A  mc- 
i  hoillcal  or  systematic  doubling  over  of  a  surface. 

re-ply',  1  re-p]oi';  2  re-ply'.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [re-plied';  re- 
i'ly'inc;.]  To  say  in  answer;  say  or  do  in  return;  make  a 
reply.  II.  n.  [rk-pli eb'z,  }>l.\  Something  uttered, 
written,  or  done  in  return;  an  answer.  [<  I..'  re-, 
again.  +  plico,  fold.]    Syn.;  see  inswer.    re-pll'cr,  n. 

re-port''1,  1  ri-port';  2  re-port',  v.  I.  I.  \.  To  bear  or 
bring  back,  as  an  answer;  relate,  as  information  ob- 
tained by  investigation,  2.  To  state  as  a.  fad  ;  circulate 
publicly,  as  a  story.    3.  To  prepare  from  personal  obser- 


vation or  inquiry  a  more  or  less  detailed  record  of.  4. 
To  certify  formally  or  officially  (a  result  or  condition). 
5.  To  inform  against  before  a  superior.  6.  In  delibera- 
tive assemblies,  to  state  authoritatively  to  them  the  re- 
sult of  consideration  concerning,  especially  matters  re- 
ferred; as,  the  committee  reported  the  bill.  II.  i.  1.  To 
tender  a  report.  2.  To  serve  as  a  reporter.  3.  [U.  S.] 
To  appear  at  a  given  place  or  before  one  and  announce 
oneself.  [<  L.  reporto,  <  re-,  again,  +  porto,  carry.] 
Syn.:  see  announce;  relate. — re-port'er,  re.  1.  A  bearer 
of  news;  one  employed  by  a  newspaper  to  gather  and  report 
news  for  publication.  2.  One  who  edits  reports  of  important 
cases  in  court  for  official  publication.-  re-port 'ing,  n. — 
re-port 'ing-lyt,  adv. 

re-port',  re.  1.  That  which  is  reported;  an  announce- 
ment. 2.  A  published  narration;  official  statement.  3. 
An  explosive  sound;  a  sudden  loud  noise. 

Syn.:  account,  description,  narration,  narrative,  recital, 
record,  rehearsal,  relation,  rumor,  statement,  story,  tale. 
Account,  primarily  a  commercial  summary,  carries  a  similar 
meaning  in  the  derived  sense;  an  account  of  an  occurrence  Is 
circumstantial,  and,  in  its  ideal,  adequate,  complete,  and 
unembellished ;  we  speak  of  a  clear,  a  full,  or  a  partial 
account;  a  glowing  account  is  still  supposed  to  be  circum- 
stantially as  well  as  substantially  correct.  A  statement  Is 
deflnite,  conflned  to  essentials  and  properly  to  matters 
within  the  personal  knowledge  of  the  one  who  states  them; 
as,  an  ante=mortem  statement.  A  narrative  is  a  somewhat 
extended  and  embellished  account  of  events  in  order  of 
time,  ordinarily  with  a  view  to  please  or  entertain.  A  de- 
scription gives  especial  scope  to  the  pictorial  element.  A 
report,  as  Its  etymology  implies,  is  supposed  or  intended  to 
bring  back  the  past,  and  may  be  concise  and  formal  or 
highly  descriptive  and  dramatic.  Compare  allegory;  an- 
ecdote; history;  news;  record. 

re-pose',  1  n-poz';  2  re-pos/.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [re-posed'; 
re-pos'ing.]  1.  To  lay  down  in  a  posture  of  rest;  re- 
fresh by  rest:  often  reflexively.  2.  To  place  or  base,  as 
confidence  or  hope;  trust;  confide:  with  in.  3.  To  lie  or 
rest  on  a  support;  recline:  with  ore,  or  upon;  hence,  to 
take  rest;  sleep.  Syn.:  see  lean1,  v.  II.  re.  1.  The  act  of 
reposing,  or  the  state  of  being  at  rest;  sleep,  re-pos'alj. 
2.  Calmness;  composure.  [<  L.LL+F  re-,  again,  +  pauso, 
rest.]   Syn.:  see  rest. — re-pose 'fui,  a.    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

re-pos'itd,  1  n-pez'it;  2  re-pog'it,  vt.  To  put  in  some  secure 
and  proper  place;  deposit.  [<  L.  repono,  pp.  repositus,  < 
re-,  again,  +  pono,  place.] — re"po-si'tion,  re. 

re-pos'i-to-ry,  1  n-pez'i-to-n;  2  re-pos/i-to-ry,  re. 
[-riesz,  pi.]  A  place  in  which  goods  are  or  may  be 
stored;  also,  a  place  of  exhibition  and  sale.  [  <  L.  re-, 
back,  4-  pono,  place.] 

re-pos-sess',  vt.  To  regain  possession,  ownership,  or  self» 
mastery  of:  used  also  reflexively.    Syn.:  see  recover. 

re-pous"s6',  1  ra-pQ"se';  2  re-pu"se',  a.  Formed  in  relief, 
as  a  design  on  metal,  or  adorned  with  such  designs.    [F.J 

rep"re-hend'd,  1  rep"n-hend' ;  2  rep"re-h6nd',  vt.  1.  To 
chide  sharply;  object  to  forcibly;  blame.  2||.  To  accuse. 
[<  L.  re-,  again,  +  prehendo,  seize.]  Syn.:  see  blame;  re- 
prove.— rep"re-hen'sl-bl(e'',  a.— rep"rc-hen'sl-bl(e- 
nessp,  re.  rep"re-hen"sl-bll'i-tyt.— rep"re-hen'sl-bly, 
adv. — rep"re-hen'slon,  re.  Syn.:  see  animadversion;  re- 
proof.— rep"re-hen'slv(e8,  a.  Indicating  or  conveying 
reproof. — rep"re-hen'so-ry,  a.    Censorious. 

rep"re-sent"d,  1  rop"n-zent';  2  rSp"ro-s£nt',  vt.  1.  To 
bring  before  the  mind;  make  a  representation  of;  por- 
tray or  depict,  as  by  words,  pictures,  or  impersonation, 
2.  Psychol.  To  present  again  before  the  mind.  3.  To 
act  instead  of  or  as  authorized  agent  for;  stand  in  the 
place  of,  as  by  descent ;  also,  to  appear  as  an  instance  or 
illustration  of.  4.  To  put  forth  or  relate  as  a,  true  con- 
ception or  account.  5f.  To  display;  show.  [<  L.re- 
prsesenlo,  <  re-,  again,  4-  pr.rsnito.  present.]  Syn.:  see  imi- 
tate.— rep"re-seii-ta'(lon>,  n.  1.  'the  act  of  represent- 
ing, or  the  slate  of  being  represented.  2.  Thai  Which  rep- 
resents: a  likeness:  model;  description;  dramatic  perform- 
ance.    :t.  The  right  of  acting  authoritatively  for  others,  or 

of  being  represented  or  of  acting  through  accredited  rep- 
resentatives.   4.  Representatives  collectively,    a.  Psychol. 

The  Stage  or  process  of  mental  conscn  at  ion  i  hat  consists  In 

the  presenting  to  Itself  by  the  mind  or  objects  previously 
Known.  Syn.:  see  image  ;  model;  picture,  rep"rc-sen'- 
ta-tlv(e».  I.  </.  1.  Qualified  to  represent.  2.  Acting  in  the 
capacltj  of  agent;  hence,  composed  ol  those  acting  as  dele- 
gates. II.  a.  One  who  or  that  which  represents;  a  member 
of  a  representative  body;  specif.  |n-l  in.  S.j,  »  member  of 

the  lower  house  of  Congress  or  of  a  Stale  legislature.  S.V11.: 
see  DELEG  vi  B, 

re"pre-sent'9cl,  1  rl"pn-zent';  2  rS"pre-B8nt',  iif.  To  pie- 
sent  again.     re-i>rcs"cii-(a'(lon-,  n.  A  second  pre 

lion. 

re-press'1*,  1  n-prea';   2  re-prea',  vt.    To  keep  forcibly 


For  words  in  re-  not  given  above  sec  re-,  prefix,  page;  647,  648, 


r>  1 1 !■<*•. 


ii  I  i  <>'.Ar:  full,  rflle;  l<n(.  I.Orn; 

I      i  .  >ii  i  ..   nftt,  Or,  w6n,        m 


■r r.  r.  .pr<  -      lull.  I 

I. 


r.  -pri,  >    il 
rl-ni.iiul   . 


r.  - |.r 1 1 1 1 
re  [>r  1 11 1 . 


r>  - 1 >r i  »aj. 


pain  "r 


!■   ri-iiiinil   .  I  . 

.   I.,  r.  i >r. -\ . 

re- print  'it, 

tinted 
■  colly, 

I. 

;.  i  retaliation, 

ition.    [  <  F. 

r>  -IT""  li '.   L  i  proch'.     I".  r(.     1.    i 

!  reflex- 
disgrace  upi 

v  >.:  hi  \  ill. 
1 1.  1. 


t    . 


■  li  krri-t  or  indigna- 
I 

r]     Sill.:  »■•■ 


.'. 


. .--  re-proach'a-bl(e>',   a.-   re-proaeli'er, 
ri-|ir..ai  h  fill.  -1...  -DM(,    .       re-proach'- 

ln»-l) .  n-pr.i.ii  h  i 

r.  |p  ra-tate,  p'ro-bat.    l.rt.    [-uat"edj; 

i  ■  with  strung  diabki 

.'. 

II.         1.  Abandi 
:  duty;  utterly  depraved;  Prodi- 
s' .  Not  enduring 
III.         On 
sense  of  duty  or  d  i  depravity  or 

doom.    {<  :  .prove.)    Sni :  see  blame; 

r  p  n-ii.i 'Hun.  i      The  act  of  reprobating,  or 
- 

Una!  re- 
demption so  that  •  ondemnatloo 
i  il  condemnatloD  ol 
off  Synj  sec  oath. 
rep  r -ii.r'iii  e  .        rep'ro-ba"to-i7t< 
r.    j.c.-.i ij.  ...                                 pro-due',  it.     1.  1  - 
'-'■ 

il  i  i  i  i   | 

r.     [ •  r . »-  1  i j '    •  r.  r.    'pro-il  lie 't  Ion.  J        I.  The  act  or 

.  blCb  :ui 

anJu.  -  i  eratlon. 

memory  by  whleli 
that:  ii  .-ire  brought  bark  h 

n  drama  a  re- 

re"pro-duc'- 

'i  •       ■  .  repro- 

n"pro-due'thi--l> . 
n   'pro-due'tln-n.  .-.  n"pro-<lue-ll> '!-()  :. 

re-proof '.         i .  ug;  blame;  i  • 

3   ,  repi 

.  denunciation, 

■ 
and  dUapproxil  ma 
cirm 

■   ■ 
'--•.-.-      .-     ••■;    ln.pl;    no  superiority  or  authority  01)   the 
part  of  hln.  'cflection  or  n  , 

-I  back  upon 

-aim  and  juM. 

from  mere  ill  feeling, 

personal  and  lew  impartial  than 


»i  i  -  unkind  or  unjust  rejluetiont. 

topping  ol  the  mouth,  la  administered  to 

administer)  il  to  one 

ill;   or  deliberately  wrong;  both  words  Impl)  au- 

. .  r  and  dli  ■ 

iu  prlmand  ih 

all)  ad  mini  uperlor  i a 

iiieler  bit  oommand.     Antmadtcriton  i  I  -i  high, 

'i:ii  formal  kind,     liihuki  mii\   In' 

i  lie  midst  ol  an  action:  anin 

ilwaj  i  follow  the  acl . 

ilclpatory,  and  meanl   to  be  preventive. 

ind  given  before  m  during  action; 

,  bui  with  mure. if  personal  bitter- 

of  authority.    Compar ndbmn;  rbprovi 

,  probation,  approval,  commendation,  en- 
comium, CUl  n  -prm  'n|  J. 
ri'-prn\i'',  1  r i-i ini \  :.'i.  prov', vi  1. To oenaure author- 
itatively, openly,  and  dirootly,  aa  for  a  fault:  rebuke  -. 
i  >  proval  of  I  :ui  aot  I  .'I  .  I  •  i  oon\  tnoa . 
com  ict.    |  •     '                        idemn  ] 

iiiiiiioiii.iii.  illume,  censure,  obaaten,  oheek,  chide, 
condemn,  and  fault  with,  rebuke,  remonstrate  with,  repre- 
hend, reprimand  reproach,  upbraid.  To  ceiuvrt  In  to  pro- 
nounce an  adverse  Judgment  that  ma)  or  may  not  be  e» 
pressed  to  the  pi  la  to  a  ruure 

authoritatively,  openly,  and  directly  to  the  face  of  the  per- 
I    to  rtiiuki  is  in  reprove  with  sharpness,  and 
often  with  abruptness,  usually  in  the  midst  ol  some  action 

or  enlirse  of  action  deemed  eeiisiirable;   to  rtpfitlUU 

■  officially;  to  blatru  is  a  (amlllar  word  signifying  to 
upon,  make  answerable,  as  fur  ■  fault;  Mama 
and  cenevn  apply  either  to  persona  or  acts;  reprovt  and  re* 
are  applied  chiefly,  and  reprtman  to  per- 

;  openly  and  vehement!) .  and 

wiib  Intense  personal  feeling  as  ol  grief  or  anger;  as,  to  re* 
.  one  for  Ingratitude;  reproach  knows  no  distinction  of 
rank  or  character;  a  subject   may  reproach  a  king  or  a 
criminal  a  j  .  ate  with  is  to 

mingle  reasoning  and  appeal  with  cetuwt   In  the  nope  of 
winning  one  from  his  evil  way.  exposttiiau  being  the  gentler, 
t  in-   severer   word.     Bee    uhionibh;    blaus; 
condemn,     i  ompare synonyms  for  ANiifADvaBsiosf.     Ant.: 
inyma  for  praise.  -Prep.i/or.— re-prov'a»bl(e',o, 
—  re-prov'er,  n.  —  re-proi  'Ing-ly,  adv. 
rep'tani.  1  rep'tent;  2  rep'tant,  a.    Creeping;  crawling;  re- 
!  <  L.  rt  jitiuvt-is.  ppr.  of  r<  pto,  Intens.  ol  r<  />".  creep  ] 
rep 'tile,  |  1  rep'til;  2  rep'til.    I.  a.     1.  Crawling  on  the 
rep'til*,  i  belly;  creeping;  reptant .    'i.  Groveling  morally; 
sly  i  i  achi  rous:  venomous.     :i.   Reptilian. 

II.  n.  1.  \  cold'blooded, air»breathing vertebral 
ally  sealed,  as  a  snake,  lizard,  or  crocodile.  2.  An  ani- 
mal that  moves  on  ii  3  belly  or  by  means  of  short  limbs. 
:i.  A  groveling,  abject  person;  one  morally  base  or  odi- 
ous. (!•'.,  <  I.  reptili  reptue,  pp.  of  repo,  creep.] — 
Rep-tll'l-a,  n.  pi.  ihrp.  a  division  of  vertebrates,  espe- 
b  class  having  scaly  hiteguments,  and  limbs  (when 
■i  numerous  carpal  ami  metacarpal  bones,  as  In 

snakes,  lizards,  etc.  — rep-tll 'l-an.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  a 
reptile  or  the  RepttUa;  reptulous.  II.  n.  one  of  the  Kep- 
tilia. — rep-tll 'l-ous,  a.  I.Ike  B  reptile. 
re-pub'Iie,  1  n-pnblik;  2  re-publie,  n.  1.  A  state  in 
which  the  sovereignty  resides  in  the  people  and  the  ad- 
ministration  is  IimI^i-iI  in  officers  elected  by  and  repre- 
senting the  people;  a  repri  e  democracy.  2.  A 
community  of  persons  working  freely  in  or  devoted  to 
the  same  cause;  as,  the  republic  of  letters,  ■'li.  The 
commonwealth.  I  <  L  Bfair,  -f 
;.  public,  of  the  people.]  re-pub  It-can.  I.  a,  I. 
Pertaining  to,  ol  the  nature  of,  or  suitable  for  a  republic 

ertalning  or  belonging   In  the   Republican 

party,  formed  In  1864  to  oppose  the  extension  of  slavery.    :i. 

Omiih.  Nestling  In  compai  II.  «.    I.  One  who 

republican  form  of  government,    't. 

\  member  ol  a  republican  party,  especially,  In  the 

the  Republican  party.    :t.  One  of  eertain 

birds,  as  the  sociable  weaver-bird       re-pilli'll-can-lsm,  n. 

re-pub'INh'-,  1  n-p  -publish,  vt.    To  publish 

again     (1)  To  issue  a  reprint  of,  as  of  a  foreign  work. 

to  revive,  as  a  canceled  will,  by  reexecuting. 

re-ptlb"ll-ea'tion,  n.     The  act   of  n  publishing,  or 

that  which  la  republished— re-pub'llsh-er,  n. 

re-pu'dl-ate,  1  n-piu'di-r-t ;  2  re-ptt'di-at,  vt.     f-A'r"i.i>''; 

. ..  ]    1.  To  refuse  to  acknowledge  or  pay;  disclaim; 

disavow.    '*.  To  refuse  to  have  d.  alings  with;  east  off; 

[  <   L.  repudlum,  divorce.)     Syn.:  see 

ABANDON;  BEi  U»t;  BENOI  ■■-  i       re-pu"dl-a'tlon,  n.    The 

aet  of  repud  Ol  being  repudiated;  espe- 

the  rejection  of  the  whole  or  a  part  of  a  contract, 

debt,   or  obligation,   as    by  a  government.  —  re-pu'dl-a"- 

t i \  e-,  n— re-pu'dl-a"tor,  n. 

I,  (.    1§. 


re-pugn',  1  n-plQn':  2  re-pQn'.  p.    I.  (.    Ij.  To  excite  repug- 
For  words  In         not  given  afiove  see  i-.i.-,  prefix,  pages  047,648. 


1:8=  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;     ell;    10  =  feud;    diin;    go;    0  =  sing;    Chin,    this. 
663        2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,    rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


repress 
reset 


nance  in.  2t.  To  contend  against;  oppose.  lit-  i-  To  con- 
flict.   [<  L.F  repugno,  oppose.) 

re-pug'nant,  1  n-pug'nant;  2  re-pfioi'nant,  a.  1.  Offen- 
sive to  taste  or  feeling;  exciting  aversion  or  repulsion. 
2.  Being  inconsistent  or  opposed;  antagonistic;  in  law, 
contrary  to  or  in  conflict  with  something  else  in  the  same 
or  in  another  document  or  statute.  [OF.,  <  L.  re-, 
back,  +  pugnus,  fist.]  Syn.:  see  incongruous;  inimical.— 
re-pug'nance,  n.  1.  A  feeling  of  aversion  and  resistance. 
2.  Logic.  The  relation  of  contradictories.  Syn.:  see  an- 
tipathy; hatred,    re-pug 'naii-cyt. 

re-pulse',  1  n-puls';  2  re-puls'.  I.  vt.  [re-pulsed', 
re-pulst's;  re-puls'ing.]  1.  To  beat  or  drive  back, 
as  an  attacking  force.  2.  To  repel  resolutely  or  harshly; 
reject.  II.  n.  The  act  of  repulsing,  or  the  state  of 
being  repulsed;  rejection;  refusal.  [<  L.  repulsus,  pp. 
of  repello,  repel.)  Syn.:  see  drive;  repel. — re-puls'er,  n. 
— re-pul'sion,  n.  1.  The  act  of  repelling  or  repulsing,  or 
the  state  of  being  repelled  or  repulsed;  aversion;  repugnance. 
2.  Specifically,  the  mutual  action  of  two  bodies  which  tends 
to  drive  them  apart:  opposed  to  attraction. — re-pul'slv(es, 
a.  1.  Exciting  such  feelings,  as  of  dislike,  disgust,  or  horror, 
that  one  is  repelled;  grossly  offensive;  causing  aversion.  2. 
Such  as  to  forbid  approach  or  familiarity;  forbidding.  3. 
Acting  by  repulsion;  as,  repulsive  forces.    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

re-pute',  1  n-piut';  2  re-put'.  I.  vt.  [re-put'ed11;  re- 
put'ing.]  To  hold  in  general  opinion;  give  a  (specified) 
reputation  to;  reckon;  estimate.  II.  n.  Reputation; 
estimation;  honor.  [<  L.F  re-,  again,  +  puto,  think.] 
Syn.:  see  fame. — rcp"u-ta-bH'l-ty,  n.— rep'u-ta-bl(ep,  a. 

I.  Having  a  good  reputation;  estimable;  honorable.  2. 
Consistent  with  honorable  standing. — rep'u-ta-bly,  adv. — 
rep"u-ta'tion,  n.  1.  The  estimation  in  which  a  person  or 
thing  is  held  by  others;  repute.  2 1|.  Worth  or  value.  Syn.: 
see  character;  fame. — re-put'ed,  pa. — re-put  'ed-ly,  adt>. 

re-quest',  1  n-kwest';  2  re-kwest'.  Id.  vt.  1.  To  express 
a  desire  for;  ask;  solicit.  2.  To  address  a  request  to. 
Syn.:  see  ask;  demand;  prat. 

II.  n.  1.  The  act  of  requesting;  entreaty;  petition.  2. 
That  which  is  asked  for.  3.  The  state  of  being  sought 
after.  [  <  L.  re-,  again,  +  qusero,  seek.)  Syn.:  see  petition  ; 
prayer. — re-quest'er,  n. 

re'qui-em,  1  ri'kwi-[or  rek'wi-]em;  2  re'kwi-[or  rSk'wi-]- 
6m,  re.  1.  A  funeral  hymn  or  dirge;  in  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic Church,  a  mass  for  the  dead.  2.  A  musical  setting 
of  the  mass  for  the  dead.  [L.,  ace.  of  reguies,  rest,  < 
re-,  again,  +  quies,  rest;  from  the  opening  of  the  mass  for 
the  dead,  Requiem  seternam  dona  eis,  Domine  (Give  eternal 
rest  to  them,  O  Lord) .] 

req"ui-es'cat,  1  rek"wi-es'kat;  2  rek'wi-es'cat,  n.  A  prayer 
for  the  repose  of  a  departed  soul:  the  first  word  of  the  Latin 
petition  rcquiescat  In  pa'ce  (1  pe'si;  2  pa'ee).  may  he  rest 
in  peace.    [L.] 

re-quire',  1  ri-kwair';  2  re-kwir',  v.  [re-quired';  re- 
quik'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  demand,  or  to  request  authori- 
tatively; claim.  2.  To  have  imperative  need  of;  want. 
3f«  To  request.  4f.  To  search  for.  II§.  i.  1.  To  be 
requisite.  2.  To  feel  under  a  necessity  to  do  something. 
[<  L.OF  re-,  again,  +  qusero,  seek.]  Syn.:  see  ask;  command; 
demand;  dictate;  make. — re-qulr'a-bl(ep,a. — re-quired', 
pa.  Syn.:  see  necessary.— re-quire 'ment,  n.  Syn.:  see 
necessity;  order. — re-qulr'er,  n. 

req'ui-sitc, )  1  rek'wi-zit;  2  r6k'wi-slt.     I.  a.     Required 

req'ui-sits,  (by  the  nature  of  things  or  by  circum- 
stances; indispensable.  Syn.:  see  necessary. 
II.  n.  That  which  can.  not  be  dispensed  with;  a  neces- 
sity; requirement.  [<  L.  re-,  again,  +  qusero,  seek.] 
Syn.:  see  necessity,  -ness,  n. — rcq"ul-sl'tlon.  I.  vt. 
To  make  a  requisition  upon;  demand  or  take  upon  requisi- 
tion; request  formally.  II.  n.  1.  A  formal  request,  sum- 
mons, or  demand,  as  by  a  government.  2.  A  necessity  or 
requirement.    3.  The  state  of  being  required, 

rc-quite',  1  n-kwoit';  2  re-kwit',  vt.  [iiE-QuiT'EDd ;  re- 
quit'ing.]  1.  To  repay  either  good  or  evil  to  (a  person) ; 
recompense;  retaliate  upon;  punish.  2.  To  repay  good 
or  evil  for  (an  act) ;  make  return  for.  [  <  re-  +  quit,  v.] 
Syn.:  avenge,  compensate,  pay,  punish,  quit,  reciprocate, 
recompense,  remunerate,  repay,  retaliate,  return,  revenge, 
reward,  satisfy,  settle  with.  Requite  Is  often  used  in  the 
more  general  sense  of  recompense  or  repay,  but  always  with 
the  suggestion,  at  least,  of  the  original  idea  of  full  equivalent ; 
when  one  speaks  of  requiting  kindness  with  Ingratitude,  the 
expression  gains  force  from  the  comparison  of  the  actual 
with  the  proper  and  appropriate  return.  To  repay  or  to  re- 
taliale,  to  punish  or  to  reward,  may  be  to  make  some  return 
very  inadequate  to  the  benefit  or  Injury  received  or  i  In- 
right  or  wrmii,'  done;  but  to  r<>/uii<  (according  t"  Its  ety- 
mology) Is  to  make  sudjjeturn  as  to  quit  oneself  of  all  obli- 
gation of  favor  or  ho.si.iinT,  of  punishment  or  reward.  Bee 
pay. — Ant.:  absolve,  acquit,  excuse,  forget,  forgive,  neglect, 
iv  Tlok,  pardon,  slight.— Prep.:  with. 


— re-quit 'a-bl(ep,  a.— re-qui'tal,  n.  The  act  of  re- 
quiting, or  that  which  requites;  return  for  good  or  ill.  Syn.: 
see  recompense;  revenge.— re-quit 'er,  n. 
rere,  1  rir;  2  rer,  a.  &  n.  Rear:  obsolete,  except  in  composi- 
tion. [Aphetic  form  of  arrear,  or  <  F.  arrUre;  see  arrear, 
re.] — rere'=ward"t,  n.  A  rearguard;  rearward. 
rere'dos,  1  rfr'des;  2  rer'dos,  n.  1.  Eccl.  Arch.  An  orna- 
mental screen  behind  an  altar.  2.  Arck.  The  back  of  an 
open  fire=hearth;  a  fireback.  3.  In  old  armor,  a  back- 
plate.  [OF.,  <  rere  (see  rear,  n.)  +  dos  (  <  L.  dorsum), 
back.]  [pi.)     a  bat. 

rere'mouse"!!,   1   rir'maus";  2  rer'mous",  n.     [rere'mice", 

Ke-sa'ca  de  la  Pal'ma,  1  re-sa'ka  de  la  pol'mn;  2  re-sa'ca  de 
lii  pal'ma.  A  locality  in  S.  Texas,  where  General  Taylor 
defeated  the  Mexicans,  May  9,  1846. 

re-scind'd,  1  n-sind';  2  re-sind',  vt.  1.  To  make  void; 
abrogate;  repeal.  2f.  To  cut  off  or  cut  short.  [<  L.F 
re-,  again,  +  scindo,  cut.]  Syn.:  see  annul;  cancel. — re- 
scind'er,  n. — re-scis'sion,  re.  The  act  of  rescinding. — 
re-scis'so-ry,  a. 

re 'script,  1  rl'skript;  2  re'script,  n.  1.  A  decree  of  a 
Roman  emperor  or  of  the  Pope;  hence,  any  decree, 
edict,  or  order.  2.  A  facsimile;  counterpart;  something 
written  over  again.     [  <  L.  re-,  again,  +  scribo,  write.] 

res'cue,  1  res'kiu;  2  res'eu.  I.  vt.  [res'cued;  res'cu- 
ing.]  1.  To  deliver  from  injury,  calamity,  or  destruc- 
tion; save.  2.  Law.  To  liberate  forcibly  (a  person  or 
thing  in  lawful  custody).  Syn.:  see  deliver:  reclaim. 
II.  n.  The  act  of  rescuing;  deliverance.  [  <  L.LL+OFre-, 
again.  +  exculio,  drive  out.]  Syn.:  see  help. — res'cu-a- 
bf(ep,  a. — res'cu-er.  re. 

re-search"§S  1  n-sureh';  2  re-serch',  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  re- 
searches concerning;  investigate.  [<  F.  rechercher,  <  re- 
( <  L.  re-),  again;  and  see  search,  v.] — re-seareh'er,  n. 

re-search '2t,  1  rl-surch';  2  re-serch',  vt.  &  vi.  To  search 
again  or  anew.    [  <  re — \-  search.] 

re-search',  1  n-surcli';  2  re-serch',  n.  Continued  and 
diligent  investigation;  specif.,  in  science,  a  systematic 
study  of  certain  phenomena  by  the  experimental 
method.    Syn.:  see  inquiry. 

re-sem'bl(ep,  1  n-zem'bl;  2  re-s6m'bl,  vt.  [-bl(e)dp; 
-bling.]  1.  To  be  similar  to;  be  of  the  same  or  like 
nature  or  aspect  with.  2||.  To  compare  to  or  with, 
[<  F.  re-,  again,  +  semhler,  seem.]  Syn.:  see  imitate. — 
re-sem'blance,  re.  1.  The  quality  of  resembling;  that 
which  resembles;  semblance;  likeness.  2t.  A  characteristic 
quality  or  attribute.  3f.  Probability  or  likelihood.  Syn.: 
see  analogy;  approximation;  picture. 

re-sent'd,  1  ri-zent';  2  re-s.ent',  vt.  To  feel  or  show  re- 
sentment at;  be  indignant  at,  as  an  injury  or  insult. 
[<  F.  re-,  again,  +  sentir,  feel.] — re-sent'ful,  a.  Syn.:  see 
malicious;  restive,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  re.— re-sent 'men  t, 
re.  Anger  and  ill  will  in  view  of  real  or  fancied  injury. 
Syn.:  see  anger;  hatred;  offense;  pique. 

re-serve',  )1   n-zurv';  2  re-s.erv'.     I.  vt.     [re-served', 

re-serv's,  )re-servd's;  re-serv'ing.]  1.  To  keep  back 
for  the  present,  as  for  use  or  disposal  in  the  future; 
withhold.  2.  To  keep  as  one's  own;  hold.  3.  To  exclude 
from  something  granted  or  stipulated.  Syn.:  see  retain. 
II.  n.  1.  That  which  is  reserved;  a  store  or  fund  for 
future  use;  a  reservation  of  land.  2.  The  act  of  reserv- 
ing; reservation.  3.  The  state  of  being  reserved;  silence 
as  to  one's  feelings,  opinions,  or  affairs;  reticence.  4. 
Mil.  (1)  A  body  of  troops  reserved  from  line  of  battle 
to  meet  possible  emergencies  or  demands.  (2)  That 
part  of  the  military  force  of  a  country  not  incorporated 
into  the  standing  army  or  regular  navy;  the  militia. 
[<  L.pre-,  back,  +  servo,  keep.l 

Syn.:  backwardness,  coldness,  constraint,  coyness, 
haughtiness,  limitation,  modesty,  pride,  reservation,  re- 
servedness,  restraint,  reticence,  shyness,  taciturnity.  Re- 
serve is  the  holding  oneself  aloof  from  others,  or  holding  back 
one's  feelings  from  expression,  or  one's  affairs  from  com- 
munication to  others;  reserve  may  spring  from  coldness  or 
pride,  but  Is  not  identical  with  either  and  may  arise  from 
timidity  or  policy.  See  modesty.  Compare  taciturn. 
—Ant.:  abandon,  forwardness,  frankness,  freedom,  Indis- 
cretion, loquaciousness,  pert  ness.  presumption. 

— res"or-va'llon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  reserving,  or  that 
which  Is  reserved.  2.  In  casuistry,  unexpressed  qualifica- 
tion of  a  statement;  as,  a  mental  reservation,  .'t.  A  tract  of 
land  reserved,  as  for  an  Indian  tribe.  Syn.:  see  RESERVE. 
— re-served',  /»/.     I.  Showing  or  characterized  by  reserve 

of  manner;  distant;  undemonstrative.  ''•  Retained;  kept 
back.  Syn.:  see  haughty;  taciturn,  re-serv'ed-ly,  adv. 
— rc-serv'ed-ness,  n.  Syn.:  see  RESERVE,  re-serv'er,  n. 
— re-ser'vlst,  n.     A  soldier  of  the  mllltarj  reserve. 

res'cr-voir,  1  rez'er-vwer;  2  res'er-vwfir,  »  A  receptacle 
where  something,  as  water  or  gas,  is  or  may  be  Kept  in 
store.    [<  V.  reservoir,  <  L.1* reservo,  reserve.] 

re-set'1,  1  n-set';  2  re-set',  vt.    Scots  Law.    1.  To  receive  or 


For  words  In  tp-  not  given  above  see  re-,  prefix,  pages  647,  648. 


rt  ■>(  I  w 


It.  (I  I  i  ,.  ,i        ..     i.       mil,  rftle,   hut.  hftrn; 

»  i     i         ■  •         iii  i  .. Ad,      i;tii 


i .  -  -.  i  i.i  ,  i 


in  i  i 

i 


IV 


! 


inn  »  n  boul  the  formation  ol  pu 

I      O.I    .     I'l    |  I   II- 
I    \  I   IHS.    I    .    Will 

rr-nolic  ,  >  ]  ",  m  - 

ri---nl\  ",  i  -■  ■!  \  is.,  |    I.  r     I.  To  make  up  ono'i  mind 

mdurl  "i  action) ,  dei  idc;  dclei  mine: 

with  an  infinitive  oi  ol  '.'.   I  dei  fixed 

in  |  >< ;  to  determine  or  decide     :i.  Eocxpri   a 

Ol  tot  malls  •  ■       i  :i  intent  ion .  ] 

i.i...  bangi .  a    .i  di  lib- 
erativc  body,  from  one  form  of  organization  ••!   pro- 
oedure  to  another:  used  n  1 1 •  xivcly,    &.  To  w  parate  into 
6,  i  d tocloi 

.  mental  anal]  li  -.  iol>  o;  explain 
7.  u       i   ■  bed  wil  boul  i  be 

foi  mat  [on  "i  put     v  w        i  .  i  ohord, 

it. .in  dissonance  to  com  ord     !•  .   I  ■•  mi  li  oi  di 
hi  .  mi  deter- 

mination.   '.'.   I      ■  ;■  rate  into  elements  or  pari  .  tx 
oome  analysed,  in  anj  sense     8<   i"  ohange  in  muaia 
from  dissonance  to  bannony.     4J.  To  be   tettled  in 
opinion.    Bra    see  pi  rf< 

re-soh  <•,         i.  Fixedni  it  ion     '-■   \ 

fixed  determination;  a  resolution.     I       I   '  '     i   .  again, 

lo      i        Bra     see  di  n  ruin  ition;  pubj 
n---iiii  a-hi  i-  .  res'o-lu-bl  e> :.    re-solTed',    pa. 

Bra  i.    -i>,  adv.    re-solv'ent,  a.  d   n 

re  ■soli  'cr,  n. 

n m  ci-iian(,  a,    Bending  bank  or  prolonging  sound;  re- 
verberating.    |<   I..'  r<-,  back,   -I    Bono,  sound.]    -ly, 
arfr.-  res'o-nanee,  rt.    I.  The  quality  ol  being  resonant; 
hi  sound,    'i-  .'  \  prolongation  or  raenforce- 

menl  ol  sound  by  means  of  sympathetic  vibration,  or  the 
capablUtj  ol  producing  such  a  continued  Bound  res'o- 
iia"ior,  n.  That  which  resounds;  spaotf.,  In  wireless  teleg- 
raphy, B  receiving  apparatus. 

re-sorp'tlon,  1  n-sBrr/sben;  2  re-sorr/shon,  ».    Reabsorptlon. 
[<  i.  retorptiu,  pp.  of  retorbeo,  ■    rs-,  again,  |  torbeo,  drink 
in.]  —  re-sorp'ti»  «'.  ".    Relating  to,  characterised  by,  or 
■  .1  by  resorption. 

re-soii '',  1  n-sert'j  2  re-e6rt'.  I1.  i  i.  1.  Togo  frequently 
or  habitually;  repair.  '2.  To  have  recourse;  apply  or 
betak  with  to.    II.  n.    1. 

The  ad  of  frequenting  a  place;  a  place  resorted  to  or 
frequented.  'i.  A  recourse;  refuge.  3  .  The  people  re- 
sorting; assembly;  meeting.  [<  L.°*  re-,  again,  +  aor- 
ttor,  obtain.] 

re-sort'*1*  1  rf-sert';  2  re-sort',  i(.    To  sort  again. 

re-sound 'u,  1  n-sound';  2  re-sound',  v.    I.  t.    1.  To  re- 
as  a  sound;  echo  or  reecho.    2.  To  celebrate;  ac- 
claim.    II.   i,      1.  To  emit   a   loud,  prolonged,  or  far* 
ound,      'i.   To  exhibit  resonance.     8.  To  be 
much  and  loudly  mentioned;  be  cell  brab  d,  as  a  deed, 
■  to     I  •-■'  L.'  re-,  hack,  -4-  sono,  sound]    Syn.:  see  roar. 

re-sound'',  1  rl-saund';  2  re-eound',  rt.  &  si.  To  sound 
again;  sound  repeatedly.    [<  he-  +  soi  wd1,  t>.] 

re-sonrce',  1  n-zors';  2  re-ejOrc/,  n.  1.  Thai  which  is  re- 
d  to  lor  an i  or  support :  resort.  '2.  ///.  One's  avail- 
able property;  any  natural  advantages.  3.  Capacity 
for  finding  or  adapting  means;  power  of  achievement: 
either  singular  or  plural  [OF.,  <  L.  re-,  again,  -f- 
twffo,  rise.]  Syn.:  see  alternative;  pbofebtt. — re- 
sourrcTul,  n.    -n.'s-. 

re-speak't,  vt.   To  answer;  echo;  speak  again. 

re-spec  t',  1  n-epekt';  2  re-epSet'.  I1.  rt.  1.  To  have 
deferential  regard  for;  esteem,  '2.  To  treat  in  accor- 
dance with  propriety  ,  con;  id' rat  ion.  or  obligation;  hold 
sacred  or  inviolable.  8.  To  regard  as  important;  pay 
attention  to;  heed.  4.  To  have  relation  or  reference  to; 
he  concerned  with.  Syn.:  see  admire;  defer;  venerate. 
II.  n.  1.  A  just  regard  for  and  appreciation  of  worth; 
honor  and  i  iteenx  'I.  Conformity  to  duty  or  obliga- 
tion; serious  compliance  or  observance.  8.  Demeanor 
or  deport  men  t  indicating  deference;  rendering  of  honor; 
in  the  plural,  regai  ments.    A.  A  special  aspect 

or  feature  held  in  contemplation;  special  motive  or 
reason.  5.  The  relation  in  which  one  thing  stands 
toward  another;  regard;  reference:  followed  by  to, 
ranly  by  of.  6.  Undue  inclination  or  bias  of  mind,  7||. 
The  condition  of  a  person  or  thing  as  being  respected. 
8  .  Good-will;  favor.  9f.  Correct  deportment.  [  <  L. 
re-,  hack,  +  speclo.  look.)  Syn.:  see  admire:  esteem;  re- 
gard; venerate  — re-spcet'a-bl '(■'•,  a.  1.  Deserving  of 
respect;  of  good  name  or  repute  'I.  Being  Ol  moderate  ex- 
cellence; fairly  cood  re-sperfa-bll'l-ty,  n.  re-speet'a- 
M  e-nessi':.  re-speet'a-Dly,  adt  re-spect 'er,  n.— re- 
-pect  'ful,  </  Marked  by  or  manifesting  respect,  -ly,  aih 
-ncss,  n  .  —  re-spert'lng,  prep.  In  relation  to;  regarding, 
— re-spec'tlvfe",  a.  1.  Pertaining  or  relating  severally  to 
For  word.*  Id  re-  not  given  above  see  be-,  prefix,  pages  647,  648. 


i.  1. 1      i  i 

r  bird        :i.  Inhi  rent. 

II  1  lent.    Ill 

! 

r, ■*'  l-ilcn    II. il. 
lltlllg  from    r. 
r.  -    l-,|,  n    tl.i-r>  .       I.  Ila%  Ing    or 

-Melicc. 

II 

r,  -  i-due.  I.  A  ren  under  or 

.rated  or  otherwise 

ite.l  molecule  act 
I 
r . —  lil    ii-. il.  re--l,l   ii-  i-rv 

r ,  —  i.i  u-iiiii.  1.  Thai  which  remains  after 

l  oral  cle- 

poatts  nsulUnc  fr.  ■  latlon. 

ri--i.  ii     .  I .    .  e  up  or 

'.'.    .  Ion  the  use  i  >r  enjoyment 

ace  or   trust ; 

ly.     I  <  L.*  re-,  hack,   + 

.    -•-•        S.:.     -.    m  \mion       res"li{-na'tliin,  I        1. 

The..  or  trust,  or  the  formal  docu- 

.'.   .  be  quality  of  being  submls- 

as  in  the  divine  will.    Syn.: 

r.  --Ikh  'iih-iii  : .     re-signed ', 

pa  -ly,  adr. 

-in".        ifi  slgn'n.        re-elsn'ort- 

r.  -sis  ii    .  tin,  as  a  draft. 

re-sll  i-4-nt,  1  n-zil'i-ent; 2 re-efl'i-tot, o.    Springii 

i  ■     I 

re — ll'l-ellce,  r: .     re-sll  '|-cn-c>  : . 

ri  -  hi,  l  nz'm:  2  n's 'in,  n.    1.  An  amorphous  substance 

I  be  product  of 
ti-d  by  them.     '2.  Pharm. 
Oed  from  a  vegetable  tinc- 
n  -in.]  - 
res  i-n.i  i  ion-.        re."in-ir'er-iiiiN.       Produi 
res  in-old.       i:  res  1-nous, 

ri--»l-t     .   .  To  oppose,  strive 

against,  oi  I  her  by 

■.-.ess  or  active  force,  physically  or  mentally;  with- 
.1.      [<    I..r   reaisto,    <    re-,   back, 
Synj  see  drive;  n:  re-sls*tanee, 

I      .  he  act  of  resi--  ng      ':.  ling  to  hinder 

mot 

;  L-«a«e  through  It  of  A  COO  of 

..i   to  alter  Its  length. 

n.:  vs-  di  >  i  re-sis  'tent.     I.  a. 

II.  ». 

re-sts'tentt.     re-slst'er, 

r   --I- 1  'fill, 

i-i  i-hi  •■  .  ted      re-slsf- 

i-tiiri-t>,       f — i-i'i-hie- :.    re-elstl-bly, 

n---i-i  ing-i) .  re-sls'tli  e  ,       Bavfi 

re-s|s'tli   e-l>    .  re"s|—t|\  '|-t>  .  I 

ol  that  capai 
re-slsi  less,         I.   i 

-ly,  -m  - 

r  •  —  I  - 1  ' . 

'    .  -  plied   to  a  sur- 

D  acid:  a  material,  as  a  I 
I  to  some  portions  of  a  fabric  to  protect  It  from  the 
act: 

-lute,  l   res/o-bflt;  2  rts/oJQt,  o.     Ha\nng  a  fixed 
oed;  constant:  steady.     Syn.-  set 
-Ij .  'i'li. 
-I'ilioii.    1  .    n.      1. 

-'■ 

res'o-lnte-neMt-    3.  The  p 

determination.    4. 

any  '.. 

■  r  adopted  by  an  a  ii.  /  A  judg- 

ment or  decision  of  a  court.  7.  Med.  The  ten 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;     10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sing;    thin,   this. 
665         2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


reset 
restive 


each  of  those  under  consideration;  several;  particular.  2t- 
Characterized  by  partiality.  3t.  Respectful.  4t-  Respec- 
table. 5t.  Attentive.  6t.  Relative.— re-spec 'tlv(e-lys,  adv. 

re-spell',  1  rl-spel';  2  re-spel',  vt.  To  spell  again;  spell  a 
second  time,  as  with  phonotype. — re-spell 'Ing,  n. 

re-spire',  1  ri-spair';  2  re-splr',  vt.  &  vi.  [re-spired';  re- 
spir'ing.]  1.  To  breathe  in  and  out;  send  forth  in  ex- 
halations. 2.  To  have  life ;  live.  3t- To  enjoy  relief  and 
rest;  rest.  [  <hJ  respiro,  <  re-,  back,  +  spiro,  breathe.] 
— re-splr'a-bl(ep,  a.  Capable  of  being  respired. — res"- 
pi-ra'tlon,  n.  1.  The  process  of  inhaling  air  into  the  lungs 
and  expelling  it;  breathing.  2.  Bot.  The  process  by  which  a 
plant  takes  in  oxygen  from  the  air,  oxidizes  matter,  and 
gives  off  the  product.  3.  The  sound  heard  in  auscultation; 
respiratory  murmur. — res'pl-ra"tor,  n.  1.  A  screen,  as  of 
fine  gauze,  worn  over  the  mouth  or  nose,  as  a  protection 
against  dust,  etc.  2.  A  head=dress  worn  for  protection 
against  poisonous  gases  or  smoke. — re-splr 'a- to-ry,  a. 

les'pite, )  1  res'pit;  2  reVpit.    I.  vt.    [res'pit-ed11  ;  res'- 

les'plt8,  ]  pit-ing.]  1.  To  grant  delay  in  the  execution  of 
a  penalty  upon ;  reprieve.  2.  To  relieve  by  a  pause  or  an 
interval  of  rest.  3||.  To  postpone.  4t.  To  cease  from. 
II.  n.  1.  Temporary  intermission;  an  interval  of  rest; 
postponement;  delay.  2.  Temporary  suspension  of  the 
execution  of  a  sentence;  reprieve.  [<  OF.  respit,  <  L. 
re-,  back,  -t-  specio,  look.]  Syn.:  delay,  forbearance.  Inter- 
val, pause,  postponement,  reprieve,  rest,  stay. — Ant.:  ac- 
complishment, completion,  consummation,  effect,  execution, 
operation,  performance. — Prep.:  respite  for  the  condemned. 

re-splen'dent,  1  n-splen'dent;  2  re-spl6n'd§nt,  a.  Shin- 
ing with  brilliant  luster;  vividly  bright;  splendid;  gor- 
geous. [<  L.  re-,  again,  +  splendeo,  shine.)  Syn.:  see  bright. 
-ly,  adv. — re-splen'dence,  re-splen'den-cy,  n.   Splendor. 

re-spond'd,  1  n-spend';  2  re-spond',  v.  1. 1.  1.  [U.S.] 
To  satisfy  by  payment;  answer,  in  any  way.  21".  To 
correspond  to.  II.  i.  1.  To  return  an  answer  or  an- 
swers; make  reply.  2.  To  act  in  response  or  sympathy; 
be  responsive.  3.  Law.  To  make  answer;  reply;  also, 
to  be  liable  or  answerable.  4.  To  correspond;  suit.  [< 
L.OF  respondeo,  <  re-,  again,  +  spondeo,  promise.] — re- 
spondent. I.  a.  1.  Giving  response,  or  given  as  a  re- 
sponse; answering;  responsive.  2.  Correspondent.  II.  n. 
One  who  responds  or  answers;  a  defendant. — re-spond  'er,n. 

re-sponse',  1  ri-spens';  2  re-spons',  n.  The  act  of  re- 
sponding, or  that  which  is  responded;  an  answer;  re- 
ply. [  <  L.  responsum,  <  responsus,  pp.  of  respondeo; 
see  respond.]  Syn.:  answer,  repartee,  replication,  reply,  re- 
tort. A  rejoinder  Is  strictly  an  answer  to  a  reply,  tho  often 
used  In  the  general  sense  of  answer,  but  always  with  the 
Implication  of  something  more  or  less  controversial  or  op- 
posed, tho  lacking  the  conclusiveness  implied  in  answer. 
A  response  is  accordant  or  harmonious,  designed  or  adapt- 
ed to  carry  on  the  thought  of  the  words  that  called  it  forth, 
as  the  responses  in  a  liturgical  service,  or  to  meet  the  wish 
of  him  who  seeks  it;  as.  the  appeal  for  aid  met  a  prompt 
and  hearty  response.  Repartee  Is  a  prompt,  witty,  and 
commonly  good=natured  answer  to  some  argument  or  at- 
tack; a  retort  may  also  be  witty,  but  is  severe  and  may  be 
even  savage  in  its  intensity.     See  answer. 

re-spon'si-bl(ep,  1  n-spen'si-bl;  2  re-sp6n'si-bl,  a.  1. 
Answerable  legally  or  morally  for  the  discharge  of  a 
duty,  trust,  or  debt.  2.  Having  capacity  to  perceive  the 
distinctions  of  right  and  wrong.  3.  Able  to  meet  obliga- 
tions. 4.  Involving  accountability  or  obligation,  -ness, 
n. — re-spon"si-bll'l-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi.]  1.  The  state  of 
being  responsible  or  accountable.  2.  That  for  which  one  is 
answerable;  a  duty  or  trust.  3.  Ability  to  meet  obligations. 
Syn.:  see  duty. — re-spon'sl-bly,  adv. 

re-spon'siv(e8,  a.  1.  Inclined  or  ready  to  respond;  being 
in  accord,  sympathy,  or  harmony;  responding;  corre- 
spondent. 2.  Constituting  or  of  the  nature  of  response 
or  reply.  3.  Characterized  by  or  containing  responses. 
4.  Law.  Constituting  a  relevant  reply.  5f.  Answer- 
able; responsible,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

re-spon'so-ry,  1  n-spen'so-n ;  2  re-spSn'so-ry,  a.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  response;  containing  answer;  responsive. 

rest1,  1  rest;  2  rest,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  cause  to  cease  from 
labor  or  exertion;  put  at  or  allow  to  take  rest:  often  used 
reflexively.  2.  To  place  on  a  support,  base,  or  basis; 
lean;  lay;  support;  establish.  II.  i.  1.  To  cease  from 
action,  motion,  or  operation  of  any  kind;  desist  from 
labor;  pause;  stop.  2.  To  repose;  sleep;  also,  to  be  still 
in  death.  3.  To  be  free  from  excitement  or  disturbance; 
be  quiet  or  still;  be  at  peace.  4.  To  be  supported  or 
fixed;  stand;  lie;  lean;  recline;  be  founded,  based,  or 
established.  5.  To  rely  with  confidence;  trust.  0.  To 
remain  fixed;  abide.  7.  To  be  content  or  submissive; 
acquiesce.    8.    Law.    To  submit  one's  case. 

r<BSt2d,  1  rest;  2  rest,  v.  I.  i.  1.  To  be  and  remain;  con- 
tinue; stay;   as,  rest  content:   now  generally  confused 


with  rest1.  2f-  To  be  left;  as,  nothing  rests  but  hope. 
lit.  t.  To  cause  to  be  and  remain;  keep;  as,  God  rest 
you  well!  [  <  L.F  resto,  remain,  <  re-,  back,  +  sto,  stand.] 
Syn.:  abide,  acquiesce,  be  content,  be  quiet,  be  still,  be 
tranquil,  cease,  desist,  halt,  hold,  lean,  lie,  pause,  recline, 
repose,  sleep,  slumber,  stand,  stay,  stop,  unbend.  See 
abide:  lean.  Compare  synonyms  for  rest1,  n. — Ant.:  be 
agitated,  be  disturbed,  be  weary,  be  worn,  be  worn  out, 
contend,  fight,  labor,  strive,  struggle,  toll,  wake,  watch, 
work. —  Prep.:  rest  on  or  upon  a  couch;  on  one's  arm;  rest 
from  toil;  for  a  new  endeavor;  rest  in  peace:  in  the  grave. 

rest1,  n.  1.  The  act  or  state  of  resting;  cessation  from 
labor,  exertion,  action,  or  motion  of  any  kind;  repose; 
quiet.  2.  Freedom  from  disturbance  or  disquiet;  peace; 
tranquillity.  3.  Sleep;  death.  4.  That  on  which  any- 
thing rests;  a  support;  base;  basis;  foundation.  5.  A 
place  of  repose  or  quiet;  a  stopping*place;  abode.  6. 
Mus.  (1)  A  pause,  or  an  interval  of  silence.  (2)  A  char- 
acter indicating  such  pause;  as,  an  eighth  rest.  ?.  A 
pause  in  a  verse;  cesura.    [  <  AS.  rest,  rest.] 

Syn.:  calm,  calmness,  cessation,  ease,  pause,  peace,  peace- 
fulness,  quiescence,  quiet,  quietness,  quietude,  recreation, 
repose,  sleep,  slumber,  stay,  stillness,  stop,  tranquillity. 
Ease  denotes  freedom  from  cause  of  disturbance,  whether 
external  or  internal.  Quiet  denotes  freedom  from  agitation, 
or  especially  from  annoying  sounds.  Rest  Is  a  cessation  of 
activity,  especially  of  wearying  or  painful  activity.  Recre- 
ation Is  some  pleasing  activity  of  certain  organs  or  faculties 
that  affords  rest  to  other  parts  of  our  nature  that  have  be- 
come weary.  Repose  Is  a  laying  down,  primarily  of  the  body, 
and  figuratively  a  similar  freedom  from  toil  or  strain  of 
mind.  Repose  is  more  complete  than  rest;  a  blacksmith 
finds  a  temporary  rest  while  the  Iron  is  heating,  but  he  doe? 
not  yield  to  repose;  in  a  pause  of  battle  a  soldier  rests  on  his 
arms;  the  victor  reposes  on  his  laurels.  Sleep  Is  the  per- 
fection of  repose,  the  most  complete  rest;  slumber  is  a  light 
and  ordinarily  pleasant  form  of  sleep.  In  the  figurative 
sense,  rest  of  mind,  soul,  conscience,  is  not  mere  cessation  of 
activity,  but  a  pleasing,  tranquil  relief  from  all  painful  and 
wearying  thought,  feeling,  or  action;  repose  Is  even  more 
deep,  tranquil,  and  complete.  See  remainder;  respite. — 
Ant.:  agitation,  commotion,  disquiet,  disturbance,  excite- 
ment, motion,  movement,  restlessness,  stir,  strain,  toil, 
tumult,  unrest,  work. 

— rest'ful,  a.  Full  of  or  giving  rest,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. 
— restless,  a.  Having  no  rest;  uneasy;  sleepless.  Syn.: 
see  active;  inattentive;  restive,    -ly,  adv.   -ness,  n. 

rest2,  n.  1.  That  which  remains  or  is  left  over;  a  re- 
mainder. 2.  Those  remaining  or  not  enumerated;  the 
others:  in  this  sense  a  collective  noun  taking  a  plural 
verb.  3.  A  balance,  as  of  resources.  [  <  F.  reste,  < 
resler,  rest,  <  L.  resto,  <  re-,  back,  +  sto,  stand.] 

res'tau-rant,  1  res'to-rant;  2  res'to-rant,  n.  A  place 
where  refreshments  or  meals  are  provided.  [F.] — res"- 
tau"ra"teur',  1  res"to"ra"tur';  2  res"to"ra"tur',  n.  The 
proprietor  or  keeper  of  a  restaurant. 

res"ti-tu'tion,  1  res"ti-tiQ'shan;  2  reV'ti-tu'shon,  n.  1. 
The  act  of  restoring  something  that  has  been  taken 
away  or  lost.  2.  The  act  of  making  good  or  rendering 
an  equivalent,  as  for  injury  or  loss;  indemniTication.  3. 
Restoration  to,  return  to,  or  recovery  of  a  former  posi- 
tion or  condition.  4.  Physics.  The  property  of  elastic 
bodies  by  which  they  tend  to  recover  their  shape  after 
compression.  [F.,  <  L.  re-,  again,  +  statuo,  set  up] 
Syn.:  amends,  compensation,  indemnification,  indemnity, 
recompense,  remuneration,  reparation,  repayment,  restora- 
tion, return. — Ant.:  cheat,  cheating,  defrauding,  embezzle- 
ment, extortion,  fraud,  plunder,  robbery,  stealing,  theft. 

res'tlv(es,  1  res'tiv;  2  reVtiv,  a.  1.  Impatient  of  control; 
unruly.  2.  Restless;  fidgety.  3||.  Stubborn;  balky.  [< 
F.  restif,  <  rester,  remain.) 

Syn.:  balky,  fidgety,  fractious,  fretful,  frisky,  impatient, 
intractable,  mulish,  mutinous,  obstinate,  rebellious,  recal- 
citrant, refractory,  resentful,  restless,  skittish,  .stubborn, 
unruly,  vicious.    Baity,  mulish,  obstinate,  and  stubborn  are 

synonyms  of  restive  only  In  an  infrequent  If  not  obsolete  use; 
the  supposed  sense  of  "tending  to  rest."  "standing  stub- 
bornly still."  is  scarcely  supported  by  any  examples,  and 

those  cited  to  support  that  meaning  often  fall  to  ilo  so.    The 

disposition  to  offer  active  resistance  to  control  bj  any  means 

whatever  Is  what  Is  commonly  Indicated  by  nslliv  In  the 
best  Kngllsh  speech  and  literature.  Dryden  speaks  or  "the 
pampered  OOlt"  as  "resttff  to  the  rein";  but  the  rein  Is  not 
used  to  propel  a  horse  forward,  but  to  bold  him  In,  and  It  Is 
against  this  that  he  Ih  "resttff."    A  horse  may  be  made  rcst- 

less  by  tiles  or  by  martial  music,  but  with  no  refractoriness; 

the  restive  animal  Impatiently  resists  or  struggles  to  break 
from  control,  as  by  bolting.  Hinging  his  rider,  or  otherwise 
With  this  the  metaphorical  use  of  the  word  agrees,  willed  Is 
always  In  the  sense  of  such  terms  as  Impatient,  Intractable. 

rebellious,  and  the  like;  a  people  reMve  under  despotism  are 

noi  disposed  to  "rest"  under  it.  but  to  resist  It  and  Ming  It 


L'2 


For  words  In  re-  not  given  above  see  tun-,  prefix,  pages  647,  648. 


r<(  urn 


it.  f|         ,                          i         i                         a    tr;  full,  r01«;  but,  liftm: 
i  ii  I    .  i         v       I         111  i  i, .  irte, 


m;», 


r.  --i..r    i-ili    .  I 

Itat  .>-i.-r>         II  'i  restores 

IT  atOW      .     .  i 


- 1>  .  - 

build- 

I.   I 

I 

i  —  r.«   II. mi. 
• 

icqucnt 

'•',  Willi 

destine 

;  i.  >N 
able  U)   rrsi,.r.        rc- 
rr^liir'iT. 
ton    again   OT 

.hi  .  .  i.   Po  hold  back 

iik*.  hold  m  check ; 
.'. 

i.  .M.in  or  forbid 

4   .  !   •  withhold  it 
■  mil  ] 

oonflne,  eon- 
bold  in.  keep,  keep 
restrict, 
■■native:  out'  la 
(mm  an  action. 
moral  force,  rtttraln 
hen  we  speak  of  putting  one 
-  t.i  bold  it  partially 
or  wi  ire  even  in  per- 

a  limit  ur  boundary 
It  within  which  It  Is  free.      I'..  re- 

\&  to  hi. hi  in  check,  and  per- 
il ruporarlly.  t:    .  '11  very  active;  It  Is  :i 

-  word  than  -  Is  finally  and  effectu- 

mucb  Btronger  irord  than  re- 

-  e  Minf  si ;  bind;  gov- 

I.IMIT;   REKKUS;   REPRESS;    TEMPER. — Atlt.:  aid, 

animate,  arouse,  emancipate,  encourage,  excite,  free,  impel, 
..  •    free      re— >traln"a-bll  i-t>. 
r.— » I  rain  '.i-M  t  .  re-«t  rain  'ed-l>  ,  tub         re- 

-irilncr,  n —  t r.»l n i  '.  1.    i  training, 

-..Inert.      1.  That  which   r. 
•rlctlon,      Syn.:  M  barrier;  lsn.i  ENI  i  ;  reserve. 
r. —  i  r i«  t     .  1  n-.-irikt':  2  re-etrfet',  r(.    To  hold  or  keep 
ifine.    ( <  L.  re-,  b 
strtneo,  bind. |    Synj  see  bind;  cibcumscbjbb;  limit;  re- 
r. —  t  r  i<    tiuii,         l.  trlctlng,  or  the 

stale  of  being  restricted;  limitation     8.  That  which  n 

in;  self-repression.     Syn.:  see  BAB- 
kiK".      r. —  trl.    th   e  .         -l},adr. 
re — fringe'-.  .  '•-.      [<    L.    T 

unuo        re-strla 'gen-erf,  \-iringency.— re- 

strln'gent*,  a.  &  n. 
real  >  *.        I .  t.  r<-- 1  'ie*. 

re-- nit '.  I  I  .         I.  To  be  a  result  or 

.  lent  ;    follow, 
have  an  Issue:  issue:  followed  by  In.    Syn.:  sec  PI  u.i.nw  . 
II.  1.    . 

2.  Math,  A 

rtained  l<y  calculation.    S<  The 

fina.  .  deliberative  assembly.    |  <  L.' 

I  .  II  uivisl  ;  OFBKA- 

r. —  u I  'teat.    I.  a.    arising  or  following 

as  a  r  II  1.   I  i.at  which  n  equence. 

.  •-.  ,i-  a  force,  velocity,  etc.,  from 
re  (juantltles  of  the  same  kind. 
r» —  II  m»- '.  .  -s'lii/,  rl.  4  ri.     |KK-si'Mi.li';  BE- 

1 .  igain  after  cessation  or  interrup- 

.  or  intermisai  in      2.    I  ■ 

I]  rv  ;  take  back. 
I  o  sum  up;  give  a  summary  of,     |  <   I.  '  re-,  back, 
—    \umo.   take!     Sill.:  •   —  re-sum'a- 

i.i  .   .        n — uiMp'iinii.        re-munp 'tfi  e,a.     L. Tak- 
ing back:  resuming.    2.  Mtd.   Restorative. 

.  'ini;',  n.    A  recapitulation 
[F.] 
re— u'pl-nate,  1  ri-slQ'pi-net:  2  re-sd'pl-nat.  a.     Having  the 
appearance  of  being  upside  down:  Inverted;  reversed.     [< 
•-.  back:  see  sri  re--u"pl-na'tlon, 

n.—  re"su-plne',  a.     Lying  on  the  hack:  supine. 
re--nrt;e\  1  n-sf/rj';  2  r>  -     •  •  1 .  To  rise  again.    2. 

•  back  again,  as  a  tide.  [  <  L.  returgo; 
see  RESUBBECTIOS  re-siir 'genre,  n.  A  rising  again.— 
re-,ur'gent,  a.  1.  Rising  again,  as  from  the  grave.  2. 
Surging  back  or  again;  gasping. 


.  i;    |<  oil, ..J  i  I.  To 

I.    I  ..  .1.   inter 

bon,  'i 

Ii  id     '.'.   \n\  i i-nii- 

I    ' '  .  ■  ,  again,    • 

rr<  "ur-ri  i    II. >n- 


i.      ut-c. .  i  i    rekt'; 

bring  bark  to  life.  • 
re-    lir-rer  'f  Ion,     1 

I .  i-  in.  from  t  he 

ll      |<  W  , 
i.       i:i-ih    llon-a-r) , 
i    I . 
r«-s||s  rl-f:ilr.     I  A 

i  \  i  is,.  |    To  bring  01  oome  back  to  life; 
t.\  n  ii\ .  rev  ive  under.    '  eito, 

■ummoi       re-aua ".  i-t  rid. ii.         re-sas vi-ta"ti\  ■-. 
ret.   l  i.i  i   i  is.,  |      ro  steep  oi 

*..'ik,  as  Bax,  etc.,  to  facilitate  the  separation  >.i  the 
hi.,  i  '■]'  ,  ret.] 

re-tell',  l  n  I.  <i     l.  To  sell  In  imall 

o^uantitii        '-'.  I  a  i imunicate  m  ■  petty  way,  as  c,.»- 

II.  1 1     t  ii  or  pertaining  to  oi  i  oncerned  in  the  sale 

mall  quantil  iei    op] I  to*  hoi  III. 

i  he  selling  oi  goods  in  small  quantities,     [01   . 

shre.l        re-tall 'cr,  PI, 

re-teln  ',  1  n-ten';  2  re-tan,',  *     1. 1     I.  To  hold  in  one's 

-ion  or  control;  keep;  maintain     2.  To  engage 
beforehand,  as  ■  lawyer,  bj  a  fee.     II.  i,     1  ■•  bi 
tainer  or  dependent ;  !■■  rl  dn.     [  •     I 

•   u  aeo,  hold  I 

Syn.:  detain,  employ,  engage,  hire.  hold,  hold  fast,  keep, 
keep  III  pay,   keep  i:  r | ,:i In t :i In.  preservi-.  reserve. 

secure,  within. id.    Bee  cbep;  bbmembbb      Ant.:  abandon, 
cede,  discard,  discharge,  dismiss,  eject, 

Hive    up.    let    go,    relinquish,    renounce,    resign,    surrender, 

Uirow  aside,  throw  away,  throw  ofT.  throw  out,  thron  up. 

rr-taliiVr,  n,     I.  I  Inc  retained  In  the  service  ol  ■  per- 
son of  rank,    'i.  One  who  retains     -t.  \  retaining  fee,    Syn.: 
-.-,■   ii  .  BflSORl       re-ten'tlon,  n.     The  act  or  power  of  re- 
tutiiiiiL:      rc-loii'llve-,  <i.     Having  power  or  tendency  to 
-ly,  ndr.    -lie--. 

re-lal'1-att',  1  n-tal'i-et;  Z  re-tal'i-at,  it.  &  ri.    [-a/kd11; 
-a  i  "is..  ]    To  give  like  for  like;  repay  evil  with  a  similar 
evil.    [•    li.  re-,  again,  +  (off*,  such.]    Syn.:  see  ivbnoi 
re-talH-a'tlon,  «.    Syn.:  see  bbvknoe.    re-tal'l-a-tlv(e«, 
a.— re-tal'l-a-lo-ry,  a. 

re-tard',  1  n-tfird'j  2  re-tftrd',  if.  To  cause  to  move  more 
slowly;  binder;  postpone:  opposed  to  accelerate.  (  <  I..r 
re-,  again,   f  tardus,  slow.]    Synj  see  hinder;  obstruct.— 

re"tar-<la'tloii,  n.  The  act  of  retarding,  or  the  slate  of 
being  retarded,  re-lard':;  re-tar.i 'meiil :. — re-tard'a- 
t i \  ert,  a.     re-tard'a-t<>-r>,  u.^re-tard'er,  n. 

retch1,  1  recn;  2  rech,  ri.  To  make  an  effort  to  vomit; 
-train;  heave.     I  <  AS.  hrsecan,  spit.] 

retd.,  abor.    Returned. 

re'te,  1  rl'tl;  2  rCtB,  n.  Ike'ti-a,  pi.)  A  plexlform  arrange- 
ment, as  of  vessels  or  nerves;  network.    [I...  net.] 

re-ten'tlon,  re-ten 'the.     See  OBTAIN. 

ret 'i-ceiiee,  1  ret'i-een  ;  2  reVi-ofine,  n.  1.  The  quality, 
act,  or  habit  ol  being  reserved  in  speech.  2.  ahet.  A 
figure  l>y  which  a  person  really  speaks  oi  a  'liim.',  under 
pretense  of  avoiding  it.  [OF.,  <  L.  re-,  again,  +  taceo, 
be  silent.]   Syn_- see  rbsbbvb.   ret'l-cen-cyj.-   ret'1-eent, 

ii      Habitually  silent  or  reserved  In  utterance,    -ly,  adv. 
ret'l-cle,  1   ret'i-kl;  2  rfit'l-el,  n.    Astron.    The  net   of  fine 
t  breads  or  lines  of  reference  in  the  focal  plane  of  a  telescope, 
to  determine  the  position  ol  ao  observed  object.     [<  F. 
i..  reticulum;  see  reticulum.]     ret'l-culc:. 
re-(ir'u-late,  1  n-tik'yu-lSt;  2  re-tle'yu-lat.    I.  tf.  &  ri. 
:...  j     To  make  into  or  like  network; 
lorm  a  network,     II.  "      Saving  the  form  or  appear- 
ance   oi    ii.in  irk;    netted.      rc-tie'u-lat"i'd  +  ;    re'd- 
lorm:.     re-tic 'u-lar,  o,     Like  a  network     re-tic'u- 
la-r)  ;.     re-tle"u-la'tlon,  n      ret  'l-cule,  n.    A  small  hag, 
nromen  to  carrj  needlework,  etc. 
re-tlc'D-lum,  1  n-tlk'yu-ltnn;  2  re-tle'yu-lum,  n.    [-la,  pi.) 

1.  A  network.     2.  The  second  stomach  of  a  ruminant,  with 

the  hum:,'  membrane  raised  Into  folds  forming  hexagonal 

cells;  the  honeycomb.     [I...  little  net,  dim.  of  rcli .  net.] 
re'tl-form,    1    r\'u-[or   ret'i-lferm;  2   rC'tl-[&r   ret'l-]form,   a. 
Arranged  like  a  network;  reticulate.    [<  F.  rillforme.  <  L. 
reu ,  int.  -•  forma,  shape.] 
ret  'l-na,  1  ret'i-n;>:  2  ret'i-na,  n.     [-nab,  pi]    The  inner 
•  ye,  which  receives  the  optical  image.    See 
[  <  L.  rele,  net.] 
ret  'i-litIC,  1  ret'l-mu;  2  ret'i-riu,  n.     1.  The  body  of  re- 
tainer- attending  a  person  of  rank;  an  escort;  cortege. 

2.  A  train  of  results.     I  <  F.  retenue,  <  retenir,  retain.] 
re-tire',  1  n-toir';  2  re-tlr',  v.     [re-tired';  bb-ttb'ino.] 

I.  (.     1.  To  pay  up  and  withdraw  from  circulation.     2. 
move  from  ai  ,  as  an  officer  of  the  army 

or  navy.  3§.  To  separate  or  withdraw;  remove:  used 
sometimes  refiexively.  II.  i.  1.  To  go  into  privacy  or 
seclusion ;  withdraw  oneself  from  business,  public  life,  or 
active  service.    2.  To  withdraw  oneself,  as  for  rest;  go 


For  words  In  re-  not  given  above  see  re-,  prefix,  pages  647,  648. 


1:9=  final;    I  =  habit:    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    IQ  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    X)  =  B\ng;    fhin,    this. 
667        2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,    this. 


restore 
return 


2      3 

Human  Retina. 

A  section  of  the  hack  part  of  the  clone 
iwing  the  concave  surface  of 
1.    Sclerotica.      2.    Choroid 


to  bed.  3.  To  retreat.  4.  To  draw  back;  go  away:  the 
original  meaning.  [<  F.  re-,  back,  +  tirer,  draw.]  — 
re-tired',  pa.  1.  Withdrawn  from  public  view;  existing  or 
passed  in  seelusion.  2.  Withdrawn  from  active  service,  busi- 
ness, office,  or  public  life.  Syn.: 
see  secret. — re-tlr'ing,  pa. 
1.  Shy;  modest;  quiet.  2. 
Pertaining  to  one  who  retires. 
Syn.:  see  modest. 

re-tire 'ment,  re.    1.  The  act  _ 
of  retiring,   or  the  state  of  « 
being  retired.  2.  A  secluded 
place;  a  retreat. 

Syn.:  loneliness,  privacy, 
seclusion,  solitude.  In  retire- 
ment one  withdraws  from  as- 
sociation he  has  had  with 
others;  we  speak  of  the 
retirement  of  a  public  man  to 
private  life,  but  he  may  still 
be  much  in  company.  In 
seclusion  one  shuts  himself  oft 
from  the  society  of  all  ex- 
cept intimate  friends  or  at-  of  th 
tendants;  in  solitude  no  other  "" 

person  is  present.  While  ifrtw- ™a*    s.  Retina    4.  Optic  papilla. 
sion  Is   ordinarily  voluntary,  gJSjSfftaw"  '*"*■       YM°" 
solitude    may    be    enforced; 

we  speak  of  the  solitude  rather  than  the  seclusion  of  a  pris- 
oner. As  private  denotes  what  concerns  ourselves  individu- 
ally, privacy  denotes  freedom  from  the  presence  of  observa- 
nt >n  of  those  not  concerned  or  whom  we  desire  not  to  have 
concerned  in  our  affairs;  privacy  is  more  commonly  tem- 
porary than  seclusion;  we  s^eak  of  a  moment's  privacy. 
There  may  be  loneliness  witl  jut  solitude,  as  amid  an  un- 
sympathizing  crowd,  and  solitude  without  loneliness,  as 
when  one  is  glad  to  be  alone.  See  seclusion;  soli- 
tude.— Ant.:  association,  companionship,  company,  fellow- 
ship, society. 

re-tort'd,  1  ri-tert';  2  re-tort',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  return  or 
direct  back  on  the  originator:  seldom  said  of  a  friendly 
word  or  deed.  2.  To  say  in  or  as  in  sharp  or  spiteful 
rejoinder.  3.  To  twist  or  bend  back,  or  form  by  twist- 
ing. 4f.  To  throw  back;  reflect;  reject.  II.  i.  1.  To 
make  retort;  reply  sharply.  21".  To  coil  back;  twist  or 
be  twisted  over.  3t-  To  return.  [OF.,  <  L.  retortus, 
pp.  of  relorqueo,  <  re-,  back,+  torqueo,  twist.] — re-tor'slon, 
n.  The  act  of  retorting.— re-tort'er, 
n.   One  who  retorts. 

re-tort'1,  n.  A  vessel  with  a  bent 
tube,  for  the  heating  of  substances, 
or  for  distillation. 

re-tort'2,  n.     A  retaliatory  speech;  a 
keen  rejoinder  or  caustic  repartee; 
also,  the  act  of  making  such  retort. 
Syn.:  see  answer. 

re-tor  'tion,  1  n-ter'Shan;  2  re-tor'shon, 
n.     1.  A  bending,  turning,  or  twisting 
back;  that  which  is,   or  appears   to    be,  turned,  bent,  or 
twisted.    2.  Retorsion. 

re- touch'1,  1  rl-tuc~h;  2  re-tiich',  vt.  To  add  new  touches 
to;  modify;  revise. — re-ionch'er,  n.  One  who  retouches; 
specif.,  one  who  removes  the  Imperfections  from  a  photo- 
graphic negative. 

re-trace",  1  ri-tres';  2  re-trac',  vt.  To  trace  back;  trace 
over  again;  follow  backward,  as  a  path. 

re-tract''1,  1  n-trakt';  2  re-tract',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  recall, 
take  back,  or  declare  false  or  erroneous  (something  one 
baa  said  or  charged);  withdraw;  disavow.  2.  To  draw 
back  or  backward;  draw  in,  as  within  a  sheath,  as  the 
claws  of  a  cat:  opposed  to  protract  or  protrude.  3||.  To 
take  back,  as  a  grant  or  favor;  revoke;  withdraw.  4f. 
To  shorten  or  contract.  II.  i.  1.  To  recall  or  take  back 
an  assertion,  imputation,  accusation,  resolution,  admis- 
sion, concession,  etc.;  recant.  2.  To  draw  back  or  draw 
in;  shrink  away;  recetle.  [  <  L.'  re-,  back,  -\-  trahn, 
draw.)  Syn.:  see  recant;  renounce.  rc"trac-ta'tlon,  n. 
— re-trac 'til  (e»,  a.  That  can  be  drawn  back  or  In,  as  claws. 
re-tract'a-hl(c>'f;  re-tract'I-bl(c>'t.  -re-trac 'tlon,  n. 
The  act  of  retracting,  or  the  state  of  being  retracted. — re- 
trac'tlv(e»,  a.— re-trac'tor,  n. 

re-treat',  1  n-trit';  2  re-trSt'.  I'1.  vi.  1.  To  go  back  or 
baekwartl;  withdraw  from  a  position;  retire.  2.  To 
recede,  as  from  a  claim  or  from  some  act,  proposed  or 
begun.  3.  To  go  into  retreat  or  re  tire  incut,  4.  TO  curve 
or  slope  backward  from  a  point  or  line.  II.  n .  1.  The 
act  of  retreating,  as  of  an  army  before  an  enemy.  2.  A 
signal  for  retreating,  made  by  trumpet  or  drum,  '.i. 
Retirement;  seclusion;  aolil  mle.  4.  A  place  of  retire 
ment,  quiet,  or  security;  refuge;  shelter;  haunt.  5.  A 
time  of  religious  retirement.    [<  F.  retraite,   <  L.  re-, 


Retort. 

a,  retort;  b,  adapter 
d,  lamp. 


,  flask; 


back,  +  traho,  draw.]  Syn.:  see  refuge;  seclusion;  shel- 
ter.   Compare  retirement. 

re-trench",  1  n-trench';  2  re-trench',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  cut 
down  or  reduce;  curtail.  2.  To  restrict  or  terminate.  3. 
To  pare  away.  II.  i.  To  reduce  expenditures.  [  <  F. 
retrancher,  <  re-,  again,  +  trancher,  cut.] 

Syn.:  abridge,  clip,  curtail,  cut,  cut  down,  cut  off,  cut 
short,  decrease,  dimmish,  economize,  lessen,  reduce. — Ant.: 
elongate,  expand,  extend,  lavish,  lengthen,  prolong,  pro- 
tract, squander,  waste. 

— re-trench 'ment,  n.  1.  The  act  of  retrenching:  espe- 
cially, reduction,  as  of  expenses,  for  the  sake  of  economy.  2. 
Mil.  An  interior  breastwork  or  rampart  from  which  the  ene- 
my can  be  resisted  should  the  outer  line  be  taken. 

refri-bu'tion,  1  refn-biu'sTian;  2  ret"ri-bu'shon,  n.  1. 
The  act  of  requiting;  especially,  the  inflicting  of  pun- 
ishment. 2.  That  which  is  done  or  given  in  requital;  a 
reward  or  (especially)  a  punishment.  [OF.,  <  L.  re-, 
again,  +  tribuo,  allot.]  Syn.:  see  recompense;  revenge. 
— re-trlb'u-tlv(eB,  a.  Tending  to  reward  or  punish. — re- 
trib 'u-to"ry,  a. 

re-trleve',  1  1  n-triv';  2  re-trev',  vt.     [re-trieved';  re- 

re-triev'p,  J  tr'^v'inc,.]  1.  To  bring  back  from  a  state  of 
loss  or  impaiiment  to  an  improved  condition;  restore; 
reestablish.  2.  To  atone  for.  3.  To  search  for  and  bring 
to  hand,  as  game:  said  of  dogs.  [<  F.  re-,  again,  4- 
trouver.  And.]  Syn.:  see  recover.— re-trle?"a-bll'l-ty,  n. 
re-triev'a-bl(e-nessft.— re-trlev'a-bl(ep,  a.—  re-trlev'a- 
bly,  adv.—  re-triev'al,  re.—  re-trleve'||,  n.  A  seeking  and 
finding;  a  recovery;  retrieval. — re-triev'er,  n.  A  dog 
trained  to  retrieve  game. 

re 'tro-,  1  rl'tro-;  2  re'tro-,  prefix.  Back;  backward.  [< 
L.  retro-,  <  retro,  backward. 1 — rc"tro-act',  vi.  To  act 
backward  or  in  return;  affect  past  acts. — re"tro-ac'tlon,  n. 
— re"tro-ac'tiv(e8,  a. — re^ro-cede'd,  v.  I.  t.  To  cede, 
grant,  or  give  back.  II.  i.  To  go  back;  recede. — re"tro- 
ces'slon,  n. — re'tro-flex,  re'tro-flexed,  a.  Bent  or  turned 
backward;  reflexed.  [+  L.  flecto,  bend.]— re"tro-flex'lon, 
n.    A  bending  or  being  bent  backward.    re"tro-flec'tlont. 

ret'ro-grade,  1  ret'ro-[or  rl'tro-Jgred;  2  ret'ro-for  re'tro-]- 
grad.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [-GRAD"EDd;  grad"inq.]  To  move,  or 
cause  to  move,  backward;  turn  back;  cause  to  recede; 
deteriorate;  in  astronomy,  to  appear  to  move  westward 
relatively  to  the  fixed  stars.  II.  a.  1.  Going,  moving, 
or  tending  backward;  contrary;  reversed.  2.  Declining 
to  or  toward  a  worse  state  or  character.  3.  Astron. 
Apparently  moving  from  east  to  west  relatively  to  the 
fixed  stars:  opposed  to  direct.  III.  n.  A  retrograde 
movement;  decline.  [<  retro-  -4-  L.  gradior,  step.]  — 
re"tro-gres'ston,  n.  A  retreat;  degeneration.  re"tro- 
gTess't;     refro-gra-da'tlont.— re"tro-nres'siv(es,  a. 

ret'ro-spect,  1  ret  ro-spekt;  2  rfit'ro-spect,  v.  I.  t.  To 
consider  or  revert  to  the  past  of.  II.  i.  To  look  back- 
ward; consider  the  past.  [<  L.  retrospectus,  pp.  of 
relrospicio,  to  look  backward.] 

ret'ro-spect,  1  ret'ro-spekt;  2  reVro-spfct,  re.  A  view 
or  contemplation  of  something  past;  also,  that  which  is 
thus  contemplated.  Syn.:  see  memory.—  ret"ro-spec 'tlon, 
n.  A  calling  to  remembrance.— ret"ro-spee'tlv(es,  a. 
-Iy,  adv.  [the  end,  as  a  nose.     IF.] 

re-trous"s6'.  1  ra-tru"sc';  2  re-tru"se/,  a.    Turned  up  at 

re"tro-vert'<1,  1  ri"tro-[»r  refro-Jvurt';  2  r6"tro-[or  ret"- 
ro-]vert',  vt.  To  tip  or  turn  back.  [  <  retro-  +  L. 
verto,  turn.]— re"tro-ver's!on,  n.  A  tipping  tir  bending 
backward,  or  the  state  of  being  so  tipped. 

re-turn",  1  ra-turn';  2  re-tflrn',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  cause  to 
take  again  a  former  position;  put,  carry,  or  send  back, 
as  to  a  former  place  or  holder.  2.  To  repay  in  kind; 
give  or  make  a  return  of.  3.  To  give  in  return  for  some- 
thing else;  requite;  repay;  render.  4.  To  utter,  send,  or 
convey,  as  a  reply  or  an  expression  of  feeling;  answer; 
render;  retort.  5.  To  render  or  give  in,  especially  offi- 
cially, as  to  one's  superiors  or  to  some  designated  au- 
thority, as  a  report  or  writ.  (i.  To  give  as  increase,  in- 
terest," or  profit;  bo  the  source  of;  yield.  7.  To  elect, 
reelect,  or  report  as  elected,  as  to  a  legislative  body.  II. 
t.  1.  To  come  or  go  back,  as  to  ur  toward  a  former  pl.-ice 
or  state,  especially  that  from  which  one  started.  2.  To 
come  again;  make  another  appearance,     3.  To  recur,  as 

to  a  previous  line  of  thought  or  *\ -h;  also,  to  i.e.,. me 

once  more  a  subject  of  consideration.     4.  To  come  ti.ick 

into  possession;  revert,.  5.  To  respond;  reply,  |<  h.v 
re-,  back,  +  tortio,  round  off.]  Syn.:  sic  REQl  i  ik. — re- 
turn '-i-bl(e'',  a. 

re-turn  "■*,  1  ri-torn';  2  rS-turn',  it  &  vi.  To  turn  again; 
fold  over  or  back;  turn  or  direct  backward. 

re-turn',  1  n-t0ru';2  re-turn',  n .  1.  The  act,  process,  or 
result  of  returning;  the  state  of  being  returned,  or  thai 
which  is  returned;  resumption;  restoration  or  replaci 

ment;  repayment  or  requital;  response;  answer;  retort; 


For  words  In  re-  not  given  above  see  re-,  prefix,  pages  647,  048. 


ni  1 1  "«- 


•rt;   fat.  fAr-  pHSrj    hit.  p..:ic-;    oUv.  gA;   not.  Ar;   full,  rOle;  hiit.hOrn: 

i         i       .        i      »ha,t,all;  ml,  f^  prf>y,  flrn;  hit, loo;  i     I;  l     ..  gA,  nAt,  Or,  w6n,       1»fW 


P-IU^ 


-.   1.1.1/ 


Kru 

pa!  ' 
Kru  trr,  1  r> 

\ 


«  hirh  aoeru 
I  '.  list, 

u    m  id.-  plu- 

•   '       i        IN 

.   .  rounded  end  or  apex 
01  notch. 

•  ru'ben.  n 

Brurli  llu.  J. ill  ii.n 

\  kiid    llr- 

K.  in  li-lln   l-.iu.  Ki-urli'llii- 

I'.lll. 

rr-ti    in. >n   .  I. 

«tfi  .1    harmotiv     A       Ret  use 

mi.'  Leal      ol 

r.    ii-ni i .     .        s     I       to     Mountain' 
nmL 

K.      II     ll  !-•  ■  ll  2     rc'U'lr 

v  l  i   in  .  pop    173.H00 

SriiN-'-i.ri-li '.  ;  ■  \  principally 

123  -i   m     i«'ii   78.800 

••sl.llis'.  n.     A  prlncl- 
20     .    in     imp    162,800 

I'alll  Julius.  II. iron  Mill  ils.'l 
nmt.-i  :u.-:iMi  capitalist;  founder  of  Router's 
IS49 
K- i   .  •  on,  revenue,   Reverend   [Kivs.  ;>/.).   ro- 

r.  i  ..  I,  r.\  lalon 

K.   i  ii.  .    n    Russian  naval  station  on  the 

t  sea;  pop.  137.1  p  the  Germans  Feb.  31, 1918 

ri-i.iiiip',  i  rf-vamp';  8  re-vamp',  rt     1.  To  furnish  (a 

.  :i  now  vamp.    'i.  llonoo,  to  patch  up; 

.1 '.  1  n-vil':  2  ro-v,T.  rt.    1.  To  give  knowledge  of; 
.'.  .        immunieate  by  divine  agency.    [  <  I.  r 
t,  veil  1     Syn.:   see   vss.n  mi  i.;   inh.iim; 
r.  -v.  .il  '.i-lil  i-  .  a      rc-ieal'er,  rt. 
i-l.    .  .  -II' or rs-vCl'ya; 2 rSv*e-l6' or re-vej'ye, 

-:.:ug  signal  by  .Irani  or  bugle,  notifying  sol- 
hour   :it    which    this   signal    is 
an  awakening.]    re-vell"li''J; 
ri-M  il    I.  ,      ;  r.-Mil'lle:. 
rev 'el,  1  -        l;2  '      8      I.  n'.     [bev'eled  or  rev'elled, 
ki  \  r  kev'el-lixc]     1.  To  engage  in 

'i.  To  delight  keenly;  indulge 
II.'       \n  occasion  of  boisterous 
revelry.    [OF.,  <  reveller,  riot.] 
Syn_-  carnival,  carousal,  carouse,  feast,  festivity,  Jolllnra- 

taking,  revelry,  rout. — rev'el-er,  n.     rev'el- 

I.  r   .     rev'el  If,    •.       \     -■.    or  boisterous  merriment. 
reT"e-la'tlon.  1  rev "i-|."'-i  sn;  2  rev'e-la'shon,  n,    1.  The 
••••-  of  revealing,  «r  the  state  of  being  re- 
-  i,  thai  which  is  or  has  been  revealed,  as  the 
:'  the  Bible  or  tin-  Bible  itself,     2.  Philot. 
Imr:  .ousness  of  the  real.    3.  (R-]  Tin-  ipoo- 

•  lotus,  pp.  of  rereh;  Bee  hi  \  eal.] 
IBt,  -.-.nt;  2  rev'e-nant.  n.     One  who  or  that 

which  returns,  as  a  ghost.     [F.J 
re-;.rtge\    1    n-v.-nj';    2    p-vi'tig'.      I.    tl.    &    vi.      [bb- 
1    To  take  revenge  for;  execute 
-•e:  often  used  rcflexlvely.    Synj  Bee  tl  I  NOB;  EUtQUTTE. 
II  1.1  ol  returning  injury  for  injury;  the 

infliction  of  injui  menl  in  the  spirit 

sonalvin.i;  taliation    2.  A  mode  or  mi 

.;.  ,r  \  engeance. 

igaln,   r  Hndico,  vindicate  ] 
Syn_-  avf-nninK.   requital,   retaliation,   retribution,   ven- 
geance.     Ii> talluiUin   and   nrirtge   are   personal   and   often 
•  :llalton  may  In-  partial;  rinngf  Is  meant  to  he 

complete  awl  ma  re.     Vengeance,  which  once 

meant  an  Indignant  vindication  of  Justice,  now  signifies  the 
most  furious  an'l  unsparing  revenge.  Htnnge  emphasizes 
mop  Injury  In  return  for  which  It  Is  Inflicted, 

venatanr-  the  in  desert  "f  those  upon  whom  It  Is  Inflicted. 
a  rajuiiai  i  iult  one  of  obligation 

for  what  has  been  received,  and  may  be  good  or  bad, 
Arengino  and  rnribuliun  give  a  solemn  sense  of  exai 

..   being  rnon-  personal  In  Its  Inflict  Ion.  whether 

od  retribution  the  Impersonal  visitation  of 
-mi  of  righteous  law.    Bee  batbbb.-  Ant.:  compas- 
sion, excuse,   (orgtveness,   grace,    mercy,   pardon,    pity. 

Prep.;  revenge  upon  the  er.eri,'     for  the  Injury      re-vcngc'- 
ful.    .       Vindictive      -|j,  nil'      -nes>,  r,       re-veng'er,    n 
rev'e-nue,  1  rev'i-niu;  2  reVe-nfl,  n.     1.  Total  current  in-     rev'er-y,  n.    Same  as  reverie. 

I  govemnienl       2.    !■    ome  from  any  form  of     re-vfst'd,  1  ri-vest';  2  re-vest',  t).     I.  t.     1.  To  clothe _or 

property      S,  Return;  reward.     (<  F.  revenu,   <  re-,  I      vest  again,  as  with  rank,  authority,  or  ownership;  rein- 

aga  .me.)  vest.    2.  To  secure  or  vest  again  or  reassume  possession 

re-ver'ber-ate,  \  ri-vurTjar-et;  2  re-verTjer-at,  vt.  &  vi.  I      or  ownership  of.    II.  i.    To  vest  or  take  effect  again,  as 

For  words  In  re-  nof  Riven  above  see  re-,  prefix,  pages  647,  648. 


I     1,  To  r.  i ni 1 1 .  :. i  ....in. i.  .  .p.  oiallj 
rolonged  and  inconsiderable  volume;  reeoho     '-'■  i   ■ 

-    ..I    drive    Lack,    as    llallic   all. I    licit    in    a    luina..  . 

rcpci.  raflsei     i  ■    i  ••>.  whip  i    s.vn 

limit     re»varbti  re-veroe't,    re-Ter'oer-ant,  a.     Re 

Dg        rc-iir'lier-alct.      rc-Mr"liir-ll 't  loll,    a       re- 
\cr'ber-a-lli   ■    .   .       n— »<-r  hcr-.i'ior.  n       rending  to  Or 

og  reverberation  re-Tef  T>er  a  to*ry,  I.  »  Pro 
.lu.-i in;  ..r  Intended  to  produce  reverberation;  reverberatlve 
ll.  n  a  reverberator]  furnace  reverberator]  furnace, 
a  furnace  having  a  vaulted  celling  thai  deflects  the  Dame 

and    Ileal    toward    the   hearth   or   the   Upper   surface  of    t  lie 

.nee  io  i.e  treated, 
rc-n-re '.  l  :  i  ■■  ii  ,  :■  1.  ...  i,',  i  ,   \  HUM,  | 

I  o  i   .  mi  with  veneration.     [<  L.'ri  .  again, 

ll'Mllll    ,    Ol   I  I  li  ,    \  I    M  II  \  I  I  .    Ui.HSIIir. 

re»  Yr-riire.   1   ..  •.  I.  .'       I   r ' 

im.  I  To  regard  with  reverence,   Byn-see  vbnbbati 
II.  n      1.  A  feeling  «.i  profound  reepecl  often  mingled 
vmiIi  aw.-  and  affection;  veneration     'I.  An  aol  of  ro- 
ot "I"  iaanoe     .'i.   The  Quality  ..r  character  that 
commands  reverence,    4.  A  reverend  person, 

Syn.:  adoration,  awe,  homage,  honor.  \  cnerat  Ion,  worship. 

Bee  vbnbbation.  Ant.:  contumely,  derision,  dishonor,  In 
suit,  irreverence,  mockery,  outrage,  ridicule,  scoff,  scoffing, 
rev'er-end,  <i  i.  Worthy  ol  reverence  I,  Being  a 
clergyman.  S|,  Reverenl  rev'er-ent,  a,  I.  bnnressed 
with  or  feeling  reverence     -■  Expressing  reverenoe.    -ly,  adc. 

re\"er-eirilal,  a.     Proceeding  from  or  expressing  rever- 
ence    -1),  mil . 

Re-\ere',  i  n-vir';2  ri'-vfr'.  Paul  (1786  1818)  \n  American 
patriot,  who  rode  at  midnight  from  Charlestown  to  Lexing- 
ton, Mass,   April    Is.    1 7  7  ."> .   to  warn   the  ( 'olonists  of   tin- 

approach  ol  the  British. 

ri^  Vr-io,  I  1  rev',.r-i;2  rev'er-i,  n,     [-ies',  pl.\    Abslract- 
rei  'er-y,  [ed  and  listless  musing;  a  daydream,    [<  F. 

reverie,  <  river,  dream.]    Syn.:  see  dbbaji ;  thobobt. 
re-vere',  1  n-vir7  «r  ra-ver';  2  re-ver*  or  re-vBr/,  n.  sing.  &  pi. 

I  bat  part  of  a  garment  thai  Is  folded  over  to  show  the  Inside, 
as  the  lapel  of  a  coat.     [OF.] 

rc-wrse',  1  n-vurs';  2  r.-vcrs',  p,  [bB-VEBSBD'*,  BB- 
\i  ii^i"*;  BB-VEB8'mo.]  I.  t.  I.  To  turn  back  to  the 
contrary,  or  upside  down;  cause  to  revert;  invert.  2. 
To  put  each  in  the  place  of  the  other.  3.  To  cause  to 
have  contrary  motion  or  effect.  4.  To  set  aside;  revoke. 
II.  i.  To  change  to  the  contrary  or  to  a  former  condi- 
tion; revert.  (<  L.F  re-,  back.  \  verto,  turn  |  Syn.:  see 
Aiii.i.isH. — re-ver'sal,  n.  1.  The  acl  ol  reversing.  'I.  in  the 
sped  rum,  the  change  of  a  dark  to  a  bright  line,  or  vice  versa. 
— re-vers'er,  n.  re-vers'ort. — re-vers"l-bll'l-ty,  adv. — 
re-vers'l-bKC,  a.  Capable  of  being  reversed.  (1)  That 
may  have  direction  or  position  reversed:  that  may  be  used 
or  worn  otherwise  than  In  the  usual  way,  as  Inside  out  or 
backward.  (2)  That  may  be  reversed  by  legal  process; 
voidable.     re-vprs'a-bl(e>'t- 

re-verse',  a.  Turned  backward;  having  a  contrary  or 
opposite  direction,  character,  etc. — re-verse'ly,  adv. 

re-verse',  n.  1.  That  which  is  directly  opposite  or  con- 
trary. 2.  The  back,  rear,  or  secondary  side,  as  of  a  coin. 
3,  A  reversing;  change  to  an  opposite  position,  direction, 
or  state.  4.  A  check  or  partial  defeat;  vicissitude;  mis- 
fortune. 5f.  A  backhanded  stroke  or  thrust,  re- 
ver'aot,    Syn.:  see  misfortune. 

re-ver'slon,  1  n-vur'sben;  2  re-ver'shon,  n.  1.  A  return 
to  or  toward  some  former  or  ancestral  state  or  condi- 
tion; atavism.  2.  Law.  The  return,  as  of  land  or  prop- 
erty, to  the  est  rite  of  the  original  holder,  after  the  death 
of  the  person  or  persons  to  whom  il  has  been  tempora- 
rily willed  or  granted.  3.  An  annuity  that  is  to  begin  at 
some  stated  future  event.  ■>  Hence,  that  which  is  to  be, 
or  is  reserved  to  be,  a  matter  of  experience  or  enjoy- 
ment; as,  a  feast  in  reversion.  5  .  That  which  js  left; 
remainder;  also,  a  coming  back. — re-ver'sloil-al,  a. — 
re-ver'slon-a-ry,  a.-  re-ver'slon-er,  n.  Law.  One  enti- 
tled to  an  estate  In  reversion 

re-vcrt'd,  1  ri-vurt';  2  re-vert',  t).  Il|.  1.  To  turn  or  throw 
back;  reverse;  reflect.  II.  i.  1.  To  return,  come  back, 
or  t  urn  or  look  back,  as  toward  a  former  position,  state, 
or  condition.  '£.  To  recur,  as  to  something  previously 
known  or  mentioned.  3.  Biol.  To  return  to  or  toward 
or  show  some  of  the  characteristics  of  an  ancestral, 
primitive,  or  earlier  form.  4.  To  return  by  operation 
of  law,  as  an  estate  to  the  heirs  of  the  original  holders. 
[<  L.°»  re-,  back.  +  verto,  turn.]— re-vert"l-bll'l-ty,  n. 
re-vert'l-bl(e'',  a—  re-ver'tlv(eB,  a.    -\y,adv. 


1:8=  final;    l=  habit;    aisle;    uu  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    Chin;    go;    n  =  sire<7;    thin,    this. 
669        2:  wolf,  dj>;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this. 


ret  use 
revolve 


a  title  reverting  to  a  former  owner.  [  <  OF.  revestir  (F. 
revetir),  <  L.  re-,  again,  +  testis,  garment.] 

re-vet 'ment,  1  n-vet'ment  or  -mant;  2  re-vet'ment,  n. 
A  facing,  sheathing,  or  retaining=wall,  as  of  masonry, 
for  protecting  earth=works,  river  banks,  etc.  re-vete'- 
mentj.— re-vet',  vt.    To  face,  as  with  masonry. 

re-view',  1  n-viu';  2  re-vii',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  go  over  in 
memory;  view  again  with  scrutiny.  2.  To  revise,  as  a 
manuscript.  3.  To  examine  in  order  to  note  the  excel- 
lences, defects,  or  peculiarities  of;  write  or  print  a  criti- 
cal notice  of,  as  a  book.  4.  To  take  an  official  view,  or 
make  a  formal  inspection  of,  as  of  a  regiment.  5.  To 
go  over  (a  subject  or  a  lesson)  again;  reexamine;  retrace; 
repeat.  6.  Law.  To  reconsider  with  a  view  to  correc- 
tion. 7.  To  see  or  look  over  again:  now  rare.  II.  i.  1. 
To  write  or  make  a  review  or  reviews.  2.  To  look  back. 
— re-view 'er,  n.    A  critic  or  examiner;  an  essayist. 

re-view',  1  n-viu';  2  re-vu',  n.  1.  A  second,  repeated,  or 
new  view,  examination,  consideration,  or  study  of 
something;  a  retrospective  survey.  2.  Critical  study  or 
examination.  3.  An  article  or  essay  exhibiting  a  critical 
examination,  discussion,  or  notice  of  some  work;  a 
criticism;  critique.  4.  A  periodical  devoted  to  essays  in 
criticism  and  on  general  subjects.  5.  A  formal  or  official 
inspection  or  view,  as  of  troops.  6.  Law.  A  judicial  re- 
vision by  a  superior  court  of  the  order  or  decree  of  a 
subordinate  court.  7.  A  revision.  [<  L.r  re-,  again,  + 
video,  see.] — re-vlew'al,  re.    Review,  as  of  a  book  or  study. 

re-vile',  1  n-vail';  2  re-vll',  v.  [re-viled';  re-vil'ing.] 
1. 1.  To  address  opprobrious  or  scandalous  language  to; 
vilify;  abuse.  II.  i.  To  be  abusive  in  speech  or  act. 
[  <  re-  +  F.  avilir,  cheapen.]  Syn.:  abuse,  asperse,  calum- 
niate, defame,  malign,  reproach,  slander,  traduce,  upbraid, 
vilify.  See  abuse;  asperse. — Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  praise. 
— re-vile 'ment,  re. — re-vil'er,  re. 

re-vise',  1  n-vaiz';  2  re-vis/.  I.  vt.  [re-vised';  re-vis'- 
ing]  1.  To  reexamine,  as  for  the  correction  of  errors; 
review.  2.  To  change  or  alter  for  the  better;  im- 
prove; reform.  II.  n.  1.  The  act  or  result  of  revising 
or  reviewing;  a  revision.  2.  Print.  A  proof  for  revision. 
[<  L.F  re-,  again,  +  vlso,  behold.) — re-vis'al,  re.  A  revise 
or  revision. —Revised  Version,  a  translation  of  the  Bible  into 
English,  made  by  two  bodies,  one  of  English  and  one  of 
American  scholars,  in  the  years  1870-'84. — re-vis'er,  re. 
re-vis'ort. — re-vi'sion,  re.  The  act  or  result  of  revising;  a 
revised  edition. — re-vi'slon-a-ry,  a.  re-vi'sion-alf. — re- 
vi'so-ry,  a.     Effecting,  or  capable  of  effecting,  revision. 

re-vive',  1  n-vaiv';  2  re-vlv',  v.    [re-vived';  re-viv'ing.] 

1.  (.     1.  To  bring  to  life  again;  reanimate;  resuscitate. 

2.  To  restore  from  a  state  of  languor,  depression,  or  dis- 
couragement; refresh.  3.  To  bring  again  into  accep- 
tance or  use;  put  in  force,  as  a  law;  make  operative.  4. 
To  renew  in  the  mind  or  memory;  reproduce;  recall.  5. 
To  bring  forward  or  present  again;  renew.  II.  i.  1.  To 
come  back  to  life,  or  resume  the  functions  of  life.  2. 
To  regain  use  or  currency.  3.  To  return  to  the  mind  or 
thoughts  again;  be  reawakened.  [<  L.F  re-,  again,  + 
vivo,  live.)— re-vi'val,  re.  1.  The  act  of  reviving,  or  the  state 
of  being  revived.  2.  A  religious  awakening,  with  numerous 
or  continuous  services.— re-vl'val-ist,  re.  One  who  con- 
ducts religious  revivals.— re-vlv 'er,  re.—  re-vlv  'l-fy,  vt.  &  vi. 
To  give  new  life  or  spirit  to;  revive. —re- vlv"l-fl-ca'tion,  n. 

re-voke',  1  n-v5k';  2  re-vok',  vt.  &  vi.  [re-voked'<  ;  re- 
voking.] 1.  To  annul  or  make  void  by  recalling;  can- 
cel. 2.  Carrhplaying.  To  fail  or  neglect  to  follow  suit 
when  possible  and  required.  3||.  To  call  or  summon 
back;  recall.  [<  L.F  re-,  again,  +  voco,  call.)  Syn.:  see 
abolish;  annul;  cancel;  recant;  renounce. — rev"o-ca- 
bli'l-ty,  rev'o-ca-bl(e-riessc,  re.  — rev'o-ca-bi(ei',  a.  Ca- 
pable? of  being  revoked.  rev'o-ka-bl(ept.-  rev"o-ea'tlon, 
re.  1.  The  act  of  revoking,  or  the  state  of  being  revoked;  re- 
peal; reversal.  2.  Law.  The  annulment  or  cancelation  of  an 
instrument,  act,  or  promise  by  or  In  behalf  of  the  party  who 
made  It.     3||.  A  summoning  back  or  recalling. 

ie-voke',  n.  1.  Carrhplauinii.  A  neglect  to  lollow  suit  when 
possible  and  proper,    2§.  Recall. 

re-volt''1,  1  n-Vdlt';  2  re-volt',  v.  I.  I.  To  cause  to  shrink 
or  turn  away  with  abhorrence  or  disgust;  shock;  repel. 
II.  i.  1.  To  renounce  allegiance;  mutiny.  2.  To  be  re- 
pelled or  shocked. 

re-volt',  «.  An  uprising  against  established  authority;  a 
mutiny.  (  <  F.  revolte,  lift.  <  L.  n-,  back,  +  volvo,  roll.] 
Syn.:    sec    REVOLUTION,     re-volt 'er,    n.      re-volt'lng,    i>n. 

1.  Engaged  In  revolt;  mutinous.    2.  Causing  abhorrence. 
rey"o-lu'tion,  1  rev*o-liu'slian.;  2  reVo-la'shon,  «.     t. 

The  act,  or  state  of  revolving;  a  complete  circuit,  made 
by  a  body  around  a  center.  2.  A  round  of  successive 
changes  or  events.  3.  A  radical  and  usually  sudden 
change  of  government,  or  of  character,  social  conditions. 


or  the  like.    4[|.  A  turning  or  return  backward;  return. 
[OF.,  <  L.Li-rc-,  back,  +  wlvo,  roll,  turn.) 

Syn.:  anarchy,  confusion,  disintegration,  disorder,  insub- 
ordination, insurrection,  lawlessness,  mutiny,  rebellion, 
revolt,  riot,  sedition,  tumult.  The  essential  idea  of  revolu- 
tion is  a  change  in  the  form  of  government  or  constitution, 
or  a  change  of  rulers,  otherwise  than  as  provided  by  existing 
laws  of  succession,  election,  etc.;  while  such  change  is  apt 
to  involve  armed  hostilities,  these  make  no  necessary  part  of 
a  revolution,  which  may  be  accomplished  without  a  battle. 
Anarchy  refers  to  the  condition  of  a  state  when  human  gov- 
ernment is  superseded  or  destroyed  by  factions  or  other 
causes.  Lawlessness  is  a  temper  of  mind  or  condition  of  the 
community  which  may  result  In  anarchy.  Confusion,  dis- 
order, riot,  and  tumult  are  Incidental  and  temporary  out- 
breaks of  lawlessness,  but  may  not  be  anarchy.  Insubordina- 
tion Is  disobedience  to  constituted  authorities  on  the  part  of 
one  or  of  many  Individuals.  Sedition  is  the  plotting,  rebel- 
lion the  fighting,  against  the  existing  government.  When 
rebellion  Is  successful  it  is  called  revolution.  A  revolt  is  an  up- 
rising against  existing  authority  without  the  comprehensive 
views  of  change  in  the  form  or  administration  of  govern- 
ment that  are  involved  in  revolution.  Anarchy,  when  more 
than  temporary  disorder,  is  a  proposed  disintegration  of  so- 
ciety, in  which  It  Is  imagined  that  social  order  might  exist 
without  government.  Slaves  make  insurrection;  soldiers 
or  sailors  break  out  In  mutiny;  subject  provinces  rise  in 
revolt.  See  change.  Compare  anarchy;  rebellion;  re- 
volve.— Ant.:  authority,  command,  control,  domination, 
dominion,  empire,  government,  law,  loyalty,  obedience,  or- 
der, rule,  sovereignty,  submission,  supremacy. 

— American  Revolution,  the  revolt  of  the  thirteen 
American  colonies  against  Great  Britain,  resulting  in  their 
independence  (1775-1781).— English  It.,  the  course  of 
events  that  culminated  in  the  dethronement  of  James  II.  in 
1688.— French  R.,  the  revolution  which  began  in  1789, 
overthrew  the  French  monarchy,  and  culminated  in  the  em- 
pire of  Napoleon  I. — Russian  It.,  a  revolution  effected  by 
the  Duma  which  caused  the  abdication  of  the  Czar  Nicholas 
II.  March  12,  1917— rev"o-lu'tion-a-ry,  a.  Pertaining  to 
revolution.— rev"o-lu'tion-lst,  re.— rev"o-lu'tion-Ize  or 
-ise,  vt.  [-ized;-iz"ing.1  To  effect  a  radical  or  entire  change 
in  the  character,  government,  or  affairs  of;  as,  to  revolu- 
tionize a  country. 
re-volve', )  1  n-volv';  2  re-volv',  vt.  &  vi.  [re-volved', 
re-volv'3,  J  re-volvd'8;  re-volv'ing.]  1.  To  move  in  an 
orbit  about  a  center;  move  in  a  circle.  2.  To  rotate,  as  a 
body  about  its  own  center.  3.  To  turn  over  and  over 
mentally.  4.  To  move  in  cycles;  recur  periodically.  5. 
To  consider  or  be  considered  from  all  sides.  (»  .  To 
consider;  meditate.     [  <  L.  re-,  back,  +  volvo,  turn.] 

Syn.:  roll,  rotate,  turn.  Any  round  body  rolls  which 
continuously  touches  with  successive  portions  of  its  surface 
successive  portions  of  another  surface;  a  wagon-wheel  rolls 
along  the  ground.  To  rotate  is  said  of  a  body  that  has  a 
circular  motion  about  its  own  center  or  axis;  to  revolve  Is  said 
of  a  body  that  moves  about  a  center  outside  of  itself.  A  re- 
volving body  may  also  either  rotate  or  roll  at  the  same  time; 


Sectional  View  of  t- 
a    Double-Ac- 
tion Revolver. 


fi.  Bight;  0,  barrel;  c,  ri- 
flinp: ,/,  bMTel«Ofttoti ;  6,  tir- 
ing pin;  /,  extract. ,r;  (/, 
hammer;  h,  Bafetv«lifter;  i, 
lever  ;  /,  mainspring  ;  k, 
frame;  /,   Bear;    tn,  pliant; 

«,  trigger;  o,  trlggeraspriag;  p,  oyUnderatop; 

the  earth  revolves  around  the  sun.  and  rotates  on  its  own 
axis;  In  popular  usage,  the  earth  Is  often  said  to  revolve  about 
its  own  axis,  or  to  have  a  dally  "revolution,"  but  rotate  and 
"rotation"  are  the  more  accurate  terms  A  cylinder  over 
which  an  endless  belt  Is  drawn  Is  said  to  roll  as  regards  the 

belt,  tho It  rotates  as  regards  Its  owr/ axis.    Any  object  tbal  is 

In  contact  with  or  connected  wit  b  a  rolling  body  Is  often  said 
to  roll;  as.  the  car  roUS  .smoothly  along  I  be  track,  objects 
whose  motion  approximates  or  suggests  a  rotary  motion 
along  a  Supporting  surface  are  also  salil  to  mil;  as.  ocean 
waves  roll  In  upon  the  shore,  or  the  ship  rottt  In  I  be  trough  of 
the  sea.  Turn  Is  a  conversational  and  popular  word  often 
used  vaguely  for  mlult  or  revolve,  or  for  any  motion  about  a 
fixed  point,  especially  for  a  motion  less  than  a  complete 
"rotation"  or  "revolution";  a  man  turns  bis  betid  or  turns 
on  his  heel;  a  gate  turns  on  lis  hinges.  Ant.;  bind,  chafe, 
grind,  slide,  slip,  stick,  re-volv 'a-bltc,  n  re-volv'er,  n. 
I.  One  who  or  I  hat  which  revolves.  2.  A  repealing  firearm 
with  a  revolvablo  chamber. 


For  words  In  re-  not  given  above  see  re-,  prefix,  pages  047,  648. 


K.  r,  Slat.   |  ■  a:.  (»!.(*  .       i.li.  poUosj  •bnr.go;  Mtitr;  fall,  rtfe;  i.ut.bOrn; 

rldlrutr  i      i        i  |    .1         I  gft,  prtjy,  flrn;  hit,  1        i  i         gO,  not.  Or,  won,      (170 


Krt    sui  .  K< 

r,  ->  ill    nmi. 


.ui  -i< 


1.   \   Hidden 
violent 

.  or  In.  : 


I 

\  row  or 

b)    r.  ..  .   In   r.  n        r.    | 
r.  -» .1  r 1 1    .  I    .  .  |'..  gi\  .•  ■ 

■    ■•  .    '.  '  impense. 

. 
III.  ethirjg  gi\  in  in  r<- 

for  meril       '!. 
■  mation,  for  the  return  ol  l"-t 
•    criminals,   eti       i  •     01 
|i  -'k  upon,  regard  ]     Bj  n  : 
r.  -><  ir.l   .  r. 

K<t"k]j->ik  .  .ik'.  n     a  town,  the 

nop     12  IMMI 

r.  >  n.ir.i.  The  fox,  especially  aa 

•  'I         I       r.  ri.rr./l,     < 

'  the  f"\  iii  "Reynard  the  Pox,"  ■ 

Kr)n'<dd».    .  -•!.. 1.1;.  Sir  Joshua  (1723    17112). 

nior. 
r    i  .  ipld-flre.  rapld-flrlng.     K.  K.  I>., 

abbr.  Potlc:  B.G.H., 

K.  H.,  abbr.     Royal  High- 
r   h  .  night  band, 

rhab 'd.»-m.in"(  > .  |  -  Jb  do-man'm;  2  rftb'do-man'cy,  n. 
-.  i  ry  of  aprings,  precious 
..    divining-md.      [  <    Gr. 
rikaM  ./<  ui.  divination.]    rab'do-ruan'V)  :. 

rha'rU.  .  \.  ill-. 

Rhad'a-mau'lhus,  1  rad'c-man'ihus;  2  rad'a-man'lhus.  n. 
I  the  dead;  hence,  figuratively, 
Uliad"a-uiaii  (iiiu  e\ 
Kha-'ll-a,  I  -.'.l-a.  n.     An  ancient  Unman  prov- 

Klnc'tlan,  a.  &.  n. — Rbie'tlc,  a. 
rii.i|i>iHl),  l  rap'so-di;  2  rap'ao-ay,  a.    |-oilsz,  pi.]    1. 

disoonneoted    and    often   extravagant  sen- 

■  bered  or  oompoeed 

under  erritomwnt;  rapt  or  rapturous  utterance.     "*.   la 

.nra  part  of  such  a 

.  the  recitation  itself.    8. 

position  or  improvisation. 

Odl.  song,  ode.) — rnap-sod  'lc,  -1- 

ral,  ■      rhap'so-dlst,  n.     1.  Among  the  ancient  Greeks, 

a  wandering  minstrel  who  recited  epic  poems,     8,  Hence,  B 

'  clonal  composer  and  reciter  or  an  Improvlser  of  verses. 

^ses  himself  with  exaggeration  of  senn- 

rhap'-n-dUc,    •   A  rhap'so-dlse:. 

Rhe'a  ,  1  n...  2  re'a.  ft.     1.  [A.  The  mother  of  the 

'   I'ranus  and  Gffia,  and  wife  of  Kronos; 

Magna  Mater    <  2.  [r-J  An  ostrich* 

'  South  America.    (L.,  <  r;r.  Rhea.) 

■  :ie-plant.    [E.  Iud.l    rhe'a»grass":. 

Kin    ^  »>l'\l-a,  1  -U'vi-i;  2  syTvl-a.  Rom. Myth.  The  mother 

.  imulus  and  Uemus. 
Khelnis,  a      Same  as  Reims. 

Kin  In  •gold",  1  rom'gold';2  rtn'gold',  n.    G.  .\fyth.    The  gold 
matched  from  the  Uhine  by  AJberich,  from  which  he  makes 
a  magical  ring. 
Kinii  i-ii.  n'ish.    I.  a.    Pertaining 

adjacent  lands.     II.  n.     Rhine 
ii»ch,  <  Rhein,  Rhine.] 
rln    ..-,  1  rl'n-.  2  rc'o-.      1  rum  '.nek  rhtO.  flow:  a  combining 
r!n -um'i -i.-r.  I.   A   galvanometer:  a  disused 

fnr  Indicating  the  force  nr  veto. 
bioo<:-  rhe'o-scope,   n.     Slee. 

An   b  presence  or  direction,  but 

rmt  the  strength,  of  a  current:  replaced  by  the  gaJvano- 
rhe"o-s»-op'ic,  a.     rhe'o- 
sUat,  a.    A  contrivance  for  measuring  cnrrent«etrengtb  of 
■lty.  as  by  reslstance-colls.     [+  Gr.  statos,  standing  ] 
rlic'-uv,  1  rfsos;  2  rCsttS,  n.     A  macaque  with  a  ni 
tail,  common  throughout  India.    [L.|  [by  I 

Kln'-u-  .  '."..   A  king  of  Thrace:  ally  of  I'rlarn;  slain 

rli.r ..  •-.  rhetorical. 

rtnt   ii-rn.   L  j   •   ■     -ri.-,  a,     1.  The  art  of  dis- 

'..  The  power  of  pleasing  or  persuading.    3.  A 

•r.-ating  of  discourse     4.  AJfected  and 

;  .lay  in  the  use  of  :  contemptuous 

<  dr.  rhitSr,  orator  ]  -rne-tor'i-cal,  a.     Per- 

talnl:  oratorical:   declamatory,     -ly,  adv. — 

met  "o-rl 'clan,  a.    A  master  or  teacher  of  rhetoric 
rln  urn,      i  1  rum,  rO'ma;  2  rum,  ru'nia,  n.    1.  Catarrhal 
rheu'ma,  )   ;.-  barge  from  the  nose  and  eyes.     1.  Any 


i  Inn  water)   flux,  aa  U«ani  oi  sali>  a     [<  Or.*  rht  «fih, 

I  In-UNI  ')  ,  .1 

rln  ii m.-iisiii,  i  rO  ■■  ■  tiam;  8  ru'ma  tlsm,  n,  PafAoi 
\  variable,  -•  t  >  1 1 1 1 1 1  »_■:  inflammation  or  neuralgia,  affi  i  ting 

il lusclea,  j.'iiu-,  ..I  ..i h.  i 

rheum         '•'    rhtumatUmot,   ■    rheumad  i;  mi- 
kih  i  m       rh.ii-i.iii  i.       I  i      taming  to  or  aflected 

with  rheumatism      II.  n    one  affooted  with  rheumatism 
rbin-,     I  i  ruin     •  rin    i.i  mi  ,  rl'no      i  rom 

rhi  'no-,  i  combining  forma 

Rhine,  l  ml  v  rlvor  of  rtw  I  norland,  Germany, 

and  the  Netherlands;  BIO  m    u<  the  North  Bee      rblne'- 
■tone,  •.      \  paste  gem-atone  Imitating  the  diamond 
rhl-noe'e-ros,  1  i . .  ,  n.  I-BB*  i>!  J 

\  large  mammal,  no«  oonnned  to  tropical   urioa  ana 
with  inn'  or  ivmi  borna  on  the  anout,  b  miv  thick 
hide,  and  the  upper  lip  produoed  and  prehensile.    [L., 

Or.  Thit  I  A.  r . i v .  Iinrii  ] 

rhi  "no-|iia>  He.  a     Pertaining  to  nr  formed  by  rhlnoi 
rbriio-pias"t> ,  /.      Plastic  aurgery  of  the  nose      I 
iiuiN.i    ■   ( ,r  ,    ■  lot,  formed  i 

rbl  /nine,  l  mi'sfim;  L'  rf'sfim,  n,  Boi  \  pro  trate  oi 
lubterranean  stem  producing  roots  below  and  Leaves  nr 
ahoota  above,    rlil-/o'uia; ;  r«»«»l  'slock";. 

Klil-/..|rn-«la.    1    rnl-z..|)'n-il,.;  g   rl-znp'.e.la.   n.    /''.      PntOM. 

a  division  nt  nrotosoans,  especially  a  class  with  paeudopodia 
fnr  locomotion  and  the  Ingestion  of  food  I-  <;r.  rhita, 
mot.  t  pout  (pod-),  foot.]  rhi 'so- pod.  I.  a,  Of  or  per- 
taining tO  the  RMfOJWdO.  11.  n.  one  Ol  the  Khizapuda.— 
rhl-zop'o-dal,  a. 

KinMie  Island,  l  rod;  2  rod.  A  state  in  S.  New  England; 
1,248  sq  m:  pop  620,100;  capital  Provldenoe. 

Rhodes,  1  rn.l/..  2  rods,  Cecil  John  (1858  1902),  A  British 
Smith-African  administrator  and  statesman;  founded 
Rhodes  scholarships  at  i  >\fnr.i  fnr  selected  scholars  from 
the  United  static.  Germany,  and  the  British  colonli 

Rhodes,  it  1.  An  ancient  ( '.n-ck  i.slan.1  In  the  .lOnean  sea. 
565  sq.  m.;  pop  :t(»,iMM)  2.  It.s  capital:  u  fortllled  historic 
seaport.    Acfaxxl,  1,   Bee colobsub. 

Kbo-de'sl-a,  1  ro-di'zi-a;  2  ro-de'sl-a.  n  A  region  of  British 
South  Africa,  north  of  the  Transvaal'  4M8.575  sq.  m.;  pop. 
1.700.000. 

rbo'dl-uni,  1  ru'di-urn;  2  rO'dl-um,  n.  Chan.  A  whltlsh-gray 
metallic  element  of  the  platinum  grnup,  whose  salts  are  fnr 
the  must  part  rOBCCOlored.  See  i  i.kmknt.  [<  Gr.  rhodeot, 
rosy,  <  rhodon,  rose.] 

Rlm"(li»-(leuMroii,  1  rO*do-[or  rod"o-]den'dron;  2  rfl'do- 
[ur  r6d*o-]d8n'dron,  n.  lint.  1.  A  genus  of  showy  .shrubs 
nr  small  trees  of  the  heath  family,  with  profuse  clusters 
of  beautiful  flowers.  2.  (r-]  A  plant  of  this  genus.  [I,., 
<  Gr.  rhodon,  rose,  +  dendron,  tree] 

rhomb,  1  rsmb;2  romb,  n.  An  equilateral  parallelogram 
having  oblique  angles,  or  a  solid  bounded  by  si\  such 
parallelograms.  [  <  Gr.  rhombos,  <  rlunibo,  revolve  ) 
rhom'bust.— rhom'blr,  a.  rhom'bl-cal;;  rhoin'bl- 
formt.— rhom'bold.  I.  n.  1.  Having  the  character  or 
shape  of  a  rhomboid.  2.  Having  a  shape  approaching  that 
of  a  rhomb,  as  one  of  certain  muscles,  rboin-bol  'dal , . 
II.  n.  1.  A  parallelogram  of  unequal  sides  and  H  Ith  no  right 
angle;  also,  a  solid  bounded  by  such  parallelograms.  2. 
Anal.  A  rhomboid  muscle. 

r bum 'bo-,  1  rom'bo-;  2  r6m'bo-.  From  Greek  rhombos; 
rhomb:  a  combining  form.  — rhom"bo-he'dron,  »,  Main. 
&  Crystal.  A  form  Included  within  six  equal  rhombic  faces. 
[-f  Gr.  hedra,  base.]— rbom"bo-be'dral,  a. 

Rhone,  1  run;  2  run.  n.  A  river  of  Switzerland  and  France; 
504  m.  to  the  Mediterranean  sea. 

R.  II.  s.,  oiibr.    Royal  Humane  Society. 

rliu'barb,  1  rO/barb;  2  ru/bfirb,  n.  1.  A  hardy  perennial 
herb  cultivated  for  its  fleshy  acid  stalks,  which  are  used 
in  cookery,  'i.  The  root  of  an  Oriental  plant,  having 
cathartic  and  astringent  effects.    ple'*plailt"+. 

rhumb,  i  1  rum  or  rumb;  2  rum  or  rurnb,  n.    1.  <  me  ol  the  32 

riniib,  \  points  of  the  mariners'  compass,  separate. 1  by  arcs 
of  11°  15';  also,  one  of  these  arcs  or  divisions.  2.  A  line  nr 
course  crossing  successive  meridians  at  the  same  angle, 
rhumb  '  line "  .  [<  OF.  rumb,  point  of  the  compass,  < 
Gr.  rhotttbos;  see  BBOKB.] 

Rhus,  1  rus;  2  rus,  «.    Hot.   A  large  genus  nT  trees  or  shrubs  of 

the  cashew   family.   Including   the   pulsun-suuiae    and    the 

ii  Ivy  of  North  America.     [I..   (<  Gr.  rhoua),  sumac. J 

rhyme,  rbym'er.     Bee  BUD  .  etc 

rhy'o-lltc,  1  ral'o-Ialt;  2  ry'o-ltt,  n.  A  highly  acidic  variously 
colored  volcanic  rn.-k.     [<  Gr.  rhyax,  stream,  +  -LITE.] 

rhythm,  1  riflirn;  2  rythm,  n.  1.  Regular,  harmonious 
beat  or  cadence,  as  in  music  or  poetry.  2.  Art.  Har- 
monious relation  of  parts.  .'{.  Arsis  or  stress.  4.  Pathol. 
Periodicity;  paroxysmal  recurrence.  [<  Gr.1**  rhyt  h- 
mos,  <  rheO,  now.]  Syn.:seeMBTEit.—  rhyth'mlc,  a.  Re- 
lating to OT  characterized  by  rhythm.  rh\  lb  inl-cal ;. — 
rh>  tb'ml-eal-ly,  adv. 

R.  I.,  abbr.    Uhode  Island  (official) ;  Royal  Institute. 


For  words  In  rt-  not  given  above  see  re-,  vrefix.  pages  647,  048 


l:d  =  final;    l  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  owt;    oil;    10  =  feud;    cTlin;    go;    n  =  aing;    thin,   this.  Rev.  Stat. 
671       2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   bQrn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,   this.       ridicule 


Rl-al'to,  1  n-al'to;  2  ri-al'to,  n.    1.  A  bridge  over  the  Grand 

Canal  at  Venice,  Italy.  2.  [r-J  A  mart  or  exchange. 
rib,  1  rib;  2  rib.  I.  vt.  [hibbed,  ribds;  kib'bing.]  To 
mark  with  ridges;  strengthen  by  or  enclose  as  within 
ribs.  II.  7i.  1.  One  of  the  bony  rods  attached  to  the 
spine,  and  nearly  encircling  the  body.  In  man  there  are 
twelve  ribs  on  each  side,  forming  the  walls  of  the  thorax, 
of  which  the  first  seven  (true  or  sternal  ribs)  are  attached 
to  the  sternum,  the  last  five  (false  or  asternal  ribs)  being 
attached  by  their  edges  to  the  rib  above,  as  in  the  upper 
three,  or  free  distally  (floating  ribs),  as  in  the  lower  two. 
2.  Something  likened  to  the  rib  of  an  animal;  a  ridge, 
strip,  or  band,  as  a  side=timber  of  a  ship,  or  a  vein  or 
nerve  of  a  leaf  or  of  an  insect's  wing.  3.  [Humorous.]  A 
wife:  in  allusion  to  Gen.  ii,  22.    [  <  AS.  ribb,  rib.] 

rib 'aid,  1  rib'ald;  2  rib'ald.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  or  in- 
dulging in  coarse  indecency.  II.  n.  A  coarse  and 
abusive  person.  [OF.] — rib'aid-ry,  n.  Coarse  conduct 
or  speech. 

rib 'and  ||,  c.  &  re.    Same  as  ribbon,    rib'band  I . 

Rfbault',  1  rl"b5';  2  ri'bo',  Jean  (1520-1565).  A  French 
Protestant  explorer  and  colonizer  in  Florida.     Ri"bau1 '  | . 

rib 'bon,  1  rib'an;  2  rib'on,  vt.  &  vi.  To  ornament  with 
ribbons;  form  into  ribbons. 

rib 'bon,  a.  1.  Made  of  or  like  ribbon.  2.  Mineral.  Hav- 
ing parallel  bands  or  streaks  (commonly  riband). 

rib 'bon,  n.  1.  A  narrow  strip  of  fine  stuff,  usually  silk 
or  satin,  having  two  selvages,  and  commonly  less  than 
8  inches  in  width.  2.  Something  shaped  like  or  suggest- 
ing a  ribbon,  as  a  watch=spring,  or  a  painted  stripe  on 
the  side  of  a  vessel;  a  narrow  strip.  3.  pi.  [Colloq.] 
Driving=reins.    [  <  Ir.  ribin,  <  ribe,  hair.] 

Rl-be'ra,  1  rl-be'ra;  2  ri-be'ra,  Jose  (1588-1656).  A  Spanish 
painter  in  Italy;  known  as  "Lo  Spagnoletto." 

-ric,  suffix.    Jurisdiction.    [  <  AS.  rice,  dominion.] 

Ri-car'do,  1  n-kar'do;  2  ri-ciir'do,  David  (1772-1823).  An 
English  political  economist. — Rl-car'dl-an,  a.  &  n. 

rice,  1  mis;  2  ric,  n.  An  annual  cereal  East=Indian  grass, 
widely  cultivated  on  wet  land  in  warm  climates;  also, 
the  grain  or  seeds  of  this  plant.  [  <  F.  riz,  <  Gr.  oryza, 
rice.] — rice'sblrd",  n.  Any  bird  Infesting  rice*fields; 
(Southern  U.  S.)  the  bobolink,  r.  shunting ; . — r.  paper,  n. 
Paper  made  from  rice«straw,  or  from  the  pith  of  a  Chinese 
shrub,  the  rlce=paper  tree. 

rich,  1  ricTi;  2  rich,  a.  1.  Having  large  possessions,  as  of 
money,  goods,  or  lands ;  wealthy ;  opulent.  2.  Composed 
of  rare  or  precious  metals;  valuable;  costly.  3.  Having 
in  a  high  degree  qualities  pleasing  to  the  senses.  (1) 
Luscious  to  the  taste:  often  implying  an  unwholesome 
excess  of  butter,  fats,  flavoring,  etc.  (2)  Full,  satisfy- 
ing, and  pleasing,  as  a  tone,  color,  or  perfume.  4. 
Luxuriant;  abundant.  5.  Yielding  abundant  returns. 
6.  Amply  furnished  forth;  abundantly  supplied:  often 
with  in  or  with.  7.  Abounding  in  desirable  qualities;  of 
full  strength,  as  blood.  8.  [Colloq.]  Exceedingly  humor- 
ous; amusing  or  ridiculous.  [<  AS.  rice,  ult.  <  0.  Celt. 
rig,  king.]  Syn.:  see  fertile;  racy. — richly,  adv.  As  a 
rich  person;  sumptuously;  fully;  abundantly. — rich'ness,  n. 

Rich.,  Rich'd,  abbr.    Richard. 

ttlch'ard,  1  ri(5h'ard;2  rich'ard,  n.  1.  R.  I.  (1157-1199).  king 
of  England;  "Cceur  de  Lion";  crusader.  2.  R.  II.  (1367- 
1400),  king  of  England;  deposed  by  Henry  IV.  3.  R.  III. 
(1452-14H5),  king  of  England;  usurper;  last  Plantagenet 
king;  killed  at,  Bosworth. 

Rlch'ard-son,  1  rlcli'ard-ssn; 2  rich'ard-son,  Samuel  (1689?- 
1761).    An  English  novelist;  Clarissa  Harlour. 

Ri"che-lleu',  1  rl"sha-ly0';  2  ri"che-lyu'.  Cardinal)  Due  de 
(1585-1642).  Armand  Jean  Duplessls,  a  French  ecclesiastic 
and  statesman;  prime  minister  of  Louis  XIII. 

rich'es,  1  rich'ez;  2  rich'eg,  n.  sing.  &  pi.  [Originally  a 
singular  noun  and  spelled  richess  or  richesse,  now,  from 
its  form,  used  in  the  plural.]  1.  Abundant  possessions; 
wealth.  2.  Hence,  abundance  of  whatever  is  precious. 
[  <  F.  richesse,  <  rlche.  rich.]     Syn.:  see  wealth. 

Rlcn'mond,  1  rlCh'mand;  2  rich'mond,  n.  I.  A  manufactur- 
ing city,  capital  of  Virginia;  pop.  160,000;  made  capital  of 
the  Confederacy,  1861;  recaptured  by  Union  forces,  April  2, 
1865.  2.  A  borough  and  resort,  on  the  Thames,  Surrey, 
England.    3.  Bee  Btatssn  island. 

Klch'ter,  l  riH'ter;2  rtH'ter,  Johann  I'aul  Frledrlcb  intv.i- 
1825).    a  German  author  and  humorist. 

rick,  1  rik;  2  rlk.  I1,  vt.  To  pile  in  ricks.  II.  n.  1.  A 
stack,  as  of  hay  or  sheaves  of  grain.  2.  A  haycock  in 
the  field.    I  <  AS.  hryece,  <  hre&c,  rick.] 

rick'cts,  l  nk'ets;  2  nk'Sts,  ».  A  disease  of  early  child- 
hood, chiefly  due  to  deficient  nutrition,  characterized 
by  softening  of  the  bones  and  consequent  deformity. 
[<  MD.  wricken,  twist]  rlck'et-y,  a.  1.  Ready  to  fail; 
tottering.     2.  Affected  with  rickets,     rlck'et-lsbl,.— rlck'- 

ct-l-ly,  adv.— rlck'ct-l-ness,  n. 


rlck'rak",  1  rlk'rak";  2  rlk'rak",  n.  Openwork  trimming 
made  with  serpentine  braid.    [Reduplication  of  rack1,  n.) 

ric"o-chet',  1  rik"o-slie'  or  -Shet';  2  ric"o-che'  or  -ch6t'. 
I.  vi.  [-cheted', -chet'ted11,  1  -Shed',  -sliet'ed;  2  -ched', 
-ghered;  -chet'ing,  -chet'ting.  1  -s~he'irj,  -sTiet'in; 
2  -ghe'ing,  -gheVing  ]  To  glance  from  a  surface,  as  a 
cannon-ball  along  the  ground  or  water;  skip.  II.  n.  1. 
A  bounding,  as  of  a  projectile  over  a  surface.  2.  The 
act  or  method  of  firing  so  as  to  ricochet.    [OF.] 

rid,  1  rid;  2  rid,  vt.    [rid  (sometimes  rid'ded11)  ;  rid'ding.] 

I.  To  free,  as  from  a  burden  or  annoyance;  clear:  gener- 
ally with  of.  2||.  To  remove,  as  from  trouble;  rescue; 
deliver.  3||.Tobanish.  [  <  AS.  Areddara.'deliverJ — rid, 
pa.  Free;  clear;  quit:  with  of. — rid 'dance,  n.  The  rid- 
ding from  something  undesirable,  or  the  state  of  being  rid. 

rldt,  imp.  of  ride.— rid 'den,  pp.  of  ride. 

rid'dle1,  1  ridl;  2  rid'l.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [rid'dled,  rid'ldp; 
rid'dling.]  1.  To  perforate  in  numerous  places,  as 
with  shot.  2.  To  sift  through  a  coarse  sieve;  use  a  sieve. 
3.  To  decrease,  as  by  sifting;  sift  down.  II.  n.  1.  A 
coarse  sieve,  especially  one  used  in  a  foundry  or  in  wash- 
ing for  gold.  2.  A  board  set  with  pins  for  straightening 
wire.  [<  AS.  hridder,  sieve.] — rld'dler,  n.  One  who 
uses  a  riddle  or  sieve. 

rid'dle2.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  solve,  as  an  enigma;  explain; 
unriddle;  utter  or  solve  riddles.    2||.  To  puzzle;  worry. 

II.  n.  1.  A  puzzling  question  for  solution;  anything 
ambiguous  or  puzzling.  2.  Any  mysterious  object  or 
person.    [  <  AS.  rsedels,  <  rssdan,  counsel] 

Syn.:  conundrum,  enigma,  paradox,  problem,  puzzle. 
Conundrum,  a  word  of  unknown  origin,  signifies  some  ques- 
tion or  statement  In  which  some  hidden  and  fanciful  re- 
semblance is  involved,  the  answer  often  depending  upon 
a  pun;  an  enigma  Is,  by  etymology,  a  dark  saying;  a  paradox 
is  a  true  statement  or  fact  that  appears  absurd  or  contra- 
dictory; a  problem  is  something  thrown  out  for  solution; 
puzzle  (from  oppose)  referred  originally  to  the  Intricate 
arguments  by  which  disputants  opposed  each  other  In  the 
old  philosophic  schools.  The  riddle  Is  not  so  petty  as  the 
conundrum,  and  may  require  much  acuteness  for  Its  answer; 
it  is  an  ambiguous  or  paradoxical  statement  with  a  hidden 
meaning  to  be  guessed  by  the  mental  acuteness  of  the  one 
to  whom  It  is  proposed;  a  problem  may  require  simply 
study  and  scholarship,  as  a  problem  In  mathematics;  a 
puzzle  may  be  in  something  other  than  verbal  statement,  as 
a  dissected  map  or  any  perplexing  mechanical  contrivance. 
Both  enigma  and  puzzle  may  be  applied  to  any  matter  diffi- 
cult of  answer  or  solution,  enigma  conveying  an  idea  of 
greater  dignity,  puzzle  applying  to  something  more  common- 
place and  mechanical;  there  are  many  dark  enigmas  In 
human  life  and  In  the  course  of  providence;  the  location  of 
a  missing  object  Is  often  a  puzzle.- — Ant.:  answer,  axiom, 
explanation,  proposition,  solution. — rid'dling;,  pa. 

ride,  1  raid;  2  rid,  v.  [rode  (formerly  also  rid);  rid'den 
(formerly  also  rid)  ;  rid'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  sit  or  be  sup- 
ported on  and  borne  along  by.  2.  To  float  on  or  be  up- 
borne by,  as  in  majesty  or  triumph.  3.  To  traverse  on 
horseback;  travel  or  pass  through  in  any  way.  4.  To 
accomplish  by  riding,  as  a  race.  5.  To  control  imperi- 
ously or  oppressively:  obsolete  except  in  past  participle. 
6.  [Local,  U.  S.]  To  carry,  or  cause  or  compel  to  be 
borne:  usually  with  on.  II.  i.  1.  To  be  earned,  as  on 
a  horse  or  in  any  conveyance;  specif.,  to  go  on  horse- 
back. 2.  To  be  borne  on  a  fluid;  float.  3.  To  be  sup 
ported  in  moving,  as  on  an  axle,  pivot,  or  hinge.  4.  To 
lie  or  bear  upon;  overlap  or  overlie.  5.  To  serve  for  rid- 
ing; carry  a  rider.  6.  To  work  upward  out  of  place: 
with  up.    [  <  AS.  Tldan,  ride.]    Syn.:  see  drive. 

ride,  n.  1.  An  excursion  by  any  means  of  conveyance, 
especially  on  horseback.  2.  A  road  intended  for  riding. 
3.  [Eng.]  A  district,  established  for  excise  purposes. 

rld'er,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which  rides;  a  horseman;  a 
bicyclist.  2.  Any  device  that  rides  upon  or  weighs  down 
something  else,  actually  or  figuratively;  a  separate  piece 

of  writing  or  print  added  to  a  document,  record,  or  the 
like;  hence,  an  addition  or  proposed  addition  to  a  legis- 
lative bill,  modifying  or  adding  to  its  original  purport. 
— rld'er-less,  a.  Without  a  rider,  as  a  horse. 
ridge,  1  rij;  2  ridg.  I.  vt.  &  vt.  [ridged;  ridg'inq.]  To 
cover 'with  ridges;  be  marked  with  ridges.  II.  n,  i.  An 
elevation  or  protuberance  long  in  proportion  to  its 
width  and  heighl  and  general  1  j  hee\  tng  sloping  sides;  a 

hill,  or  range  of  hills,     2.  That  part  of  a  roof  where  (lie 

rafters  meet  the  ridge-pole.    [<  AS.  hrj/cg,  back  ol  an 

animal  |  ridge'=polc",  n .  A  horizontal  timber  at  the 
ridge  of  a  roof,  to  wlilcli  the  rafters  are  nailed.    r.«beailll, 

r..plecet;  r.<platef;  r.itreej.— rldg'y,  a.    Having  rldgec 
rid'i-cule,  1  rid'i-kifil;  2  ridVcul.    I.  vt.    [-CUMCD;  -CUL  - 
IN<i.]     To  make  fun  of;  deride. 

Syn.;  banter,  deride,  lampoon,  laugh  at,  laugh  u<  scon.. 


riding 

r  Ipjrl.i  11 


irt;  l»».  f 1  I  I  ••'.  Ar;   (nil,  rOIr;    I. in,  l.flrn; 

«      :4m.  what,  all;  ml   ft        |       1         I     >     .   i      I     I      I; ,«.  not,  6r,  won,      HTl 


■    make  run  of,  make 

ipplaud,  eele 

II  1  :  contempt  by  Ian- 

.'.  \:.  object  ol  mocking 

mi.  Irony,   morkpry, 

-  houghl- 

Im»  IIAVTCH 

rt  I    I-.  ul    ir.  rl-illi    ii-I..ii>.  I.    I  (Citing   or 

.!      '.■.     [Pro> 

(lUPl 

U    funnj .  sjol 
ilhlc,    silly,    trifling. 
commendable 
i|p,    venerable, 
ri-.n.   m -iou«-i\.  ri-iiii   n-lous-ness, 

rhl   lag  .  id  "I  one  who  rides, 

rol  Ing  nan  ii.         \  plainly  made  dn 

imen  when  riding  on  horseback 

r . -Iiimi.I.  r     -rhool.  ■  I i>lim«-nt    When    tlic 

.  ;^: lit 
rut   log  .  ■  the  I'.ii- 

Ni.nii.  East,  md  West 

K.  I        thrithj utujT,  third  pari  1 

The  Three  Ridings,  1    rkshlre 
KM  ley.  Nh  holai  English 

(  London 
it'o,  it.    A  public  musical  and  dano- 
i   kuc  in  1  Ingland  In  the  18th 
.man  tribune  and  reformer. 
Nlceolo  Gabrlnl    1313  I  164 
rife.  I  ruii;  2  1.  Abundant  Lunumber  or  quantity; 

ataining  m  abundance:  followed  bj 
idant  |  |an. 

Riff,  Li  Rlffl- 

rltT'rair  .  1.1  he  populace;  rabble. 

rubbish.     |  <  <  IF.  rif  et  raf,  every  bit  ] 
rile*,  .  fl,  sf.    (ki'klkh;  ki'h,in«;.J    1.  To  strip 

pillage;  plund         .'.  ise  ana 

••Ii  away.    [  <  OF.  rifltr,  <  Ice. 

rl  Her,  n.     A  TObl 
n  II     .  [ri'ilkp:    ri'kuno  ]     I.  t.     1.  To  groove  spi- 

rally uhe  bore  of  :i  firearm);  also,  to  cut  a  spirally 
groovi-d  bore  in  (a  firearm).     2.  To  cause  to  take  the 
a  rut:ir\'  motion  when  dis- 
.  projectile.    II.  i.    To  provide  a  fire- 
.  ed  bore.  (  <  1  );m  njU  ,  groove.] 
ri  'He  ,  •.   ■  •    .r::i  having  spiral  grooves  within  the 

rol  ition  to  the  projectile  and  in- 
iracy  of  the  weapon;  also,  one  of  these 
ri 'He-man,  n.  <  me  armed  or  skilled  with  the 
r.  pit,       A  shallow  trench,  the  earth  from  which 
rotection  for  rifle-men. 
rl  rl  \:iemery*coaled  stick  for  whetting  scythes. 

riff,  1  rift;  2  rift.    I.  To  rive;  burst  open;  split; 

as,  to  rift  an  oak.     II.  n.    An  opening  made  by  riving  or 
fissure.    [  <  Dan.  nft,  <  rivt ,  tear.] 
nfi  .  I.  low  place  in  a  stream;  fording«place. 

.p  the  beach  after  a  wave  has 

RBXI ',  n.] 

".'.       .g;2rlg,  rf.    [rigged;  RIG'ginq.]    1.  To  fit  out  with 

.::>■  service  or  occasion;  equip: 

•    -   ip.    2.  [Colloq  )  To  dress:  with 

..•.finery. — rlg'ger,  n.    One  who 

rigs:  rigging  of  ships. — rlg'^ 

cing.  rdage  system  of  a 

rlg;,  1  rig;  2  rig,  n.    1.  The  arrangement  of  sails,  rigging, 

2.  [Colloq.]  A  style  of  areas; 

irri'out;  outfit.    [<  Norw. 

[Akin  to  wriggle  j 

r\*  .  .  i  j  Joke;  a  trick;  Jest.    2.  A  tumult: 

rig1,  n    [Prov.j  I.  A  ridge  or  strip  of  ground.    2.  The  back  of 

i  :  bidgb  i    rlgg:. 

Rl  'ga.  1  rt'es:  2  ri'ga.  n.    1.  A  gulf  In  the  Baltic  sea,  Russia; 

100x80  s/|  rn     2.  Aseaporl  In  W.  Russia:  pop.  669  100; 

termaue  February,  1918 

ru    i-dooii ',  i  rig*o-dun';  2  rlC'"a-d<7on',  n.    A  gay,  quick 

•   for  two,  originating  probably  in  Proveno 

<  I- .  rigodon,  a  dance.] 

ri^'lit   ,  1  rait;  2  rit,  r.     I.  t.     1.  To  alter  or  el, ant" 

right;  correct  or  adjust. 

from  wrong  or  injustii  i 

rivety     3.  'J  i  m;  often  re- 

flexively:  a-  II.  i.  To  regain  an 

upright  po-:  rVttan,  <  rifil.  right.)  — right 'er,  n. 

right,  a.    1.  Done  in  accordance  with  or  conformable  to 
the  moral  I  dard  of  lightness;  equita- 

ble; just;  righteous.    2.  Conformable  to  truth  or  fact; 


ii  Tumi!      t.  ■  t  in  judgment  oi  opiu 

dxen     4.  Conformable  to  ■  standard  ol 


(me- 
lon, not  mistaken     4.  Conformable  to  a  standard  ol 
proprii  ding  with  the  conditions  "i  thi 

prop. :  S.    i      ii  ible;  fa\  orable;  foi  tu 

oate  6.  Pertaining  to  thai  side  ol  the  body  which  ii 
toward  the  south  when  one  fan  ordinarily 

supcrioi  in  strength  and  readinci pposed  to  U) 

Holding  one  direction,  as  ■  line;  straight:  direot  s 
Properly  placed,  disposed,  oi  adjusted;  Well-regulated; 
orderly;  oorrectly  done  9.  Sound  in  mind  or  body! 
healthy;  well,  10.  Formed  with  reference  to  >  lii 
plain-  perpendicular  i"  another  Line  or  plan.-,  as,  a  right 
angle  Bee  \S'.i  >  II.  Di  iguod  to  be  worn  outward 
or  placed  toward  an  ob  lei  i  ei  i  idi  ol 

doth      r.*.  La\i     Rightful;  Ii  gal     13  .    Ri  si  or  genu- 

in  oharaoter;  nol  spurious     [  ■     \>  rihl,  righl  | 

svn :  correct,  direct,  equitable,  fair,  good,  honest,  Just, 
lawful,  perpendicular,  rightful,  straight,  true,  unswerving, 
upright  Bee  correct;  innoceni  ri  i  moral;  precise; 
virtuous.  Ant.:  bad,  erooked,  evli,  false,  Improper,  Incor- 
rect, indirect.  Iniquitous,  unfair,  unjust,  unrighteous,  wrong. 
riubi '  nn"glc(l,  a  Forming  or  oontalnlng  >  righi 
angle  right  '.hand". a  i.  Of ,  pertaining  to,  or  situated 
on  the  right  hand     I.  Chiefly  depended  on;  as,  be  was  my 

right-hand   man.      right  'liailiT'ed.  ,i       I.    Using  t  lie  rlk'lil 

band  more  easily  than  the  left.    8.  Done  with  the  right  hand 

3.  Turning  or  moving  from  left  lo  rli;lil.  hh  t lie  hands  of  a 
BlOOk.      4.    Adapled  for  use  by  the  rlt;hi  band,  as  a  tool 

right,  1  ruir ;  2  rit ,  r».    1.  Thai  which  i  -  right;  moral  right- 
opposed  i"  wrong,    'i.  A  jusl  and  proper  claim  oi 

title  to  anything,  or  that  which  may  I"-  Claimed  OD  just 

and  moral,  legal,  or  customary  grounds:  often  in  the 
plural.  3.  /..ii/-  A  claim  or  title  to  or  interest  in  any- 
thing whatsoever  thai  ie  enforceable  l>y  law.  4.  Tin- 
right  hand  or  side.     5.  Anything  adapter]  for  right-hand 

use  or  position.  6.  [H-]  In  some  Legislative  bodies, as 
those  or  continental  Europe,  the  partj  occupying  seats 

On  the  right  side  of  tin-  presiding  Officer  and  usually  up- 
holding the  administration;  the  Conservative  party: 
opposed  to  the  Left  or  Liberals.  7.  The  outside  or  from 
side  of  a  thing:  opposed  to  reoei  i 

Syn.:  advantage,  claim,  exemption,  franrhise,  immunity, 
liberty,  lleense,  prerogative,  privilege.  In  the  sense  ol  that 
Which  one  may  rightly  claim,  a  right  may  be  either  general 
or  special,  natural  or  artificial.  "Life,  liberty,  and  Die  pur- 
suit of  happiness"  are  the  natural  and  Inalienable  righto  of  all 
men;  rights  of  property.  Inheritance,  etc.,  are  Individual  and 
special,  and  often  artificial,  as  the  right  of  Inheritance  i>v 
primogeniture.  A  privilege  Is  always  special,  exceptional, 
and  artificial.  It  Is  something  peculiar  to  one  or  sonic.  a.s 
distinguished  from  others.  A  prlvilegi  may  be  of  doing  or 
avoiding;  in  the  latter  case  It  Is  an  exemption  or  immunity; 
as,  a  privilege  of  hunting  or  Ashing;  exemption  from  military 
sendee;  immunity  from  arrest.  A  franchise  Is  a  Bpeclflc 
right  or  privilege  granted  by  the  government  or  established 
as  such  by  governmental  authority;  as,  the  elective  fran- 
chise; a  railroad  franchise.  A  prerogative  Is  an  official  right 
or  privilege,  especially  one  Inherent  in  the  royal  or  sovereign 
power;  In  a  wider  sense  It  Is  an  exclusive  and  peculiar  priv- 
ilege which  one  possesses  by  reason  of  being  what  he  is:  as. 
reason  Is  the  prerogative  of  man;  kings  and  noble-,  have  often 
claimed  prerogatives  and  privileges  opposed  to  the  Inherent 
rights  of  the  people.  See  duty;  jisth  E;  PROPERTY, 
right,  adv.  1.  In  accordance  with  justice  or  moral  princi- 
ple, 2.  According  to  the  fact  or  truth;  correctly.  3.  [n 
a  straight  line;  directly.    4.  In  an  eminent  degree;  very; 

archaic  except  in  some  titles;  as,   Ixmht   Reverend.     5. 

Suitably;  properly.  6.  Precisely;  just.  7.  Without  de- 
Lay  or  evasion;  as,  speak  rn/hl  out.  8.  Toward  the  right. 
rihU  .<rlht.  right. 1  rlght'lyj.  —  right  along  [Colloq. 
0  B.l,  without  stopping;  uninterruptedly. — right  away, 
right  off,  right  now  [Colloq.  V.  3  |,  at  once.  Syn.:  see 
IMMEDIATELY,  rlght'ness,  n.  Syn.:  see  vunt  k. 
right  'coils,  1  rui'chus;  2  ri'chus,  a.  1.  Conforming  in 
disposition  arid  conduct  to  the  divine  standard  of  right 
and  justice;  upright;  virtuous;  blameless.     2.   Morally 

right;  equitable.  Syn.:  see  coon;  innocent;  xust;  moral; 
■,  iiiii  oi  -  right  'cous-ly,  adv.  right 'eous-ness,  n.  I. 
The  quality  or  character  of  being  righteous;  uprightness; 
rectitude  2.  A  righteous  act  or  quality.  3§.  Rightful- 
ness: Justice.     Syn.:  sec  niTv;  justice;  virtue. 

right  Till,  1  ruit'ful;  2  rit'ful,  a.     1.  Characterized  by  or 

irmed  to  a  right  or  just  claim  according  to  estab- 

i  laws  or  usage.    2.  Consonant  with  moral  right  or 

with  Justice  and  truth.    Syn.:  see  n  si ;  BIGHT,    -ly,  adv.— 

right  'ful-ness,  n      Syn.:  see  JUSTICE. 

right  whale.     A  whale  having  a  large  head  with  long, 
narrow,   highly  elastic  whaleuoneoplates  in  its  mouth, 
for  -training  lood:  it  yields  the  most  oil  of  any  s]> 
1 1  us.  under  WHALE. 

rlg'id,  1  rij'ld;  2  rig'id,  a.     1.  Resisting  change  of  form; 


•»  fwfffe  xsrsw®.  x^ktk'^^.-asi^^a;  a*  & 


stiff.  2.  Rigorous;  inflexible;  severe.  3.  Strict-  exact 
as  reasoning.  [<  L.  rlgidus.  <  rlgeo,  be  stiff  I  Syn  sVe 
austere;  hard;  inflexible;  precise;  severe 

t^pr^^^^o^^^cS't^^e^^Se1^ 

rig'ma-role,  1  rigWrol;  2  rlg'ma-roL    I.  a.     Charac- 
terized by  rigmarole;  frivolous;  also,  prolix  or  tedious. 

men?;-  LlT^T? ,? f  confl?s?d  or  nonsensical  state- 
ments, incoherent  talk  or  writing;  nonsense      ICor   of 

,,;?»"■  coward,  <  Ice.  ragmenni,  coward,  +  roll  n 1 

rig'ot,  n.    A  circle;  hence,  a  crown,    rlg'oet 

ng  ori,  1  ng'ar;  2  rig'or,  n.     1.  The  condition  of  being 

ness  S^rf  2;  ytlffn-Sf  °f  °pinion  or  temPer  =  harsh? 
P  n  -i  r, Exactness  without  allowance  or  indulgence- 
inflexibility;  strictness;  severity.  4.  Severity  of  fife' 
5.  Inclemency  as  of  the  weather;  asperity;  sharpness' 
?*  Ai1?or,olis'  harsh'  0r  cruel  ac*-  [  <  L-  rinoT  <  r  n \o 
be  stiff  ]    rig'ourl.-rlg'or-ous.a.    1.  Marked  by  or  S 

rafeWevlrcrsin^°TrT0m:Sing;SeVT-     3' ^iy"^. 

''n^rvoui  sno^  fft**'  "'     A  V'°lent  ChlU  Jr0m  Cold  or 

riks'Sr     K'df^r'  riks'td^;  2  HgS'da»ler,  riks'da"- 

rik.s  da  ler.iler.re.  A  silver  coin  of  Denmark  and  some  other 

European  countries,  worth  about  54  cents      [<   n"n   ria\- 

r$ tt  '?Wi«-  ?•  rWterfaaW"-- see  rix=dollarT 

Rig  =Ve'da,  1  ng''=ve'da;  2  rig"=ve'da,  ».  [Sans.l  A  collection 

datnn00aBndCVerSRS,ll^^aUtSaCred  ^"^  S~d 

jktSSfc  a°r  Sgffifi  ^  '—  ««*     2.  Same  as 

"JSttLM&SKTKrs?  (1853-1916>-  An 

rl   Vril19H.lye'V0A2ri"1,1'e'V0>''     4«-  Relief.     [It.] 
rill,  1  nl,  2  nl,  n.    A  small  stream  of  water 
,im    i    -:  see„8TREAM  -rill'et,  n.    A  little  rill. 
rim,  1  rim;  2  rim.    I.  »«.    [rimmed,  rimd8;  rim'ming  1    To 
provide  with  a  rim ;  be  or  form  a  rim  round     II.  n    The 

Syfe  seeaBA°NK.eCt;  &  """■^  b°rdcr-  [  <  AS'  "'««."  rin4 
rime',  )  1  raim;  2  rim.  I.  »«.  &  OT\  [The  spelling  r/it/me 
rhyme,  }  is  etymologic-ally  incorrect.]    [rimed   rIymed- 

Sldoith?nJ %™Uenoe  by  nme'     3-  To  harmonize: 
saia  oi  tnings.    byn.:  see  poetry 

II.  n      1.  A  correspondence  of  sounds  in  two  or  more 
words  especially  at  the  end  of  lines,  as  in  poetry     2.  A 

Inotner116'-!  A-wCOHeSPOnding  S?  termina*  sound  **h 
T,  1  p  ^  W°rd  correfP°nding  in  sound  with  an- 
other. 4.  Poetry;  verse;  also,  a  tale  in  verse  [  <  AS 
w^' l°Unt'  <  ^•num^.l-rim'er.,rhym'er  »  One 
^?.™.aJle,slri,?es:  a  mere  versifier.  Syn,  see  poet  rhyn,'- 
Istj;  rim'istl.-rlme'ster,  rhyme 'ster,  n  A  maker  of 
rfmtf  iTT  •  STn"'  See  POET;-"m'y'»  a.  rhym'y!r.0f 
rlme^.  I.vt&vi.  [bimed;bim'ing.  To  cover  with  rime- 
congeal  into  rime.     II.  „.     Hoarfrost.     [  <  AS    trim 

rlmef  •I-''*1?  y2'  "'  ,  ^?ite  with  rim«:  he™c.  cold?  frosty ' 
rm,'^   AA"ssur,v,'1""k-    [OF.,  <L.Tima,  cleft.] 
E'"'    A  r.oun,(J- as  of  a  ladder;  rung.    [  =  rim.] 
rl  mer2,  n.  [Eng.]  Same  as  reamer 
rl'mer',  re.  Fort.  A  palisade.  r™ 

ri-Tnose''  f  miSa"-''.;lS  BB,AM' -rtm'mer,  ».    Same  as  reSJ: 
rl-mosc  ,  1  rai-mos'  or  rai'mos;  2  rl-mos'  or  rl'mos  a     Full  of 

ri  mousl.— rl-mose'ly,  adv.— rl-mos'I-tv.  ra 
rlm'pltef,  1  rlm'pl;  2  rim'pl.    I.  vt.  &  rf.    [rim'pl(e)dp-  rim' 

■lino.]    TO  rumple,  or  become  rumpled;  wrinkle     H  '« "i 

fold  or  wrinkle.    [<  AS.  r*m/;a»,  wrinkle  1 

iir^"1^*  },r!'mI-"I;.  2  ri'mi-ni,  «.    a  cathedral  seaport  city 
ri'V  i      •  taiIyi a"''','nt  name  /! nminum;  pop.  43,000. 
rimi,  1  roind;  2  rind,  n.    1.  The  skin  or  outer  coat  that, 

-..ay  be  peeled  or  taken  off,  as  of  flesh,  fruit,  ortrees    I. 

JVOUt.    1  he  skin  of  a  wha  (;.      <  AS  rind  crust  1    rlnot 

rln'deiwpest,  l  rin'd?r-pe8t;  2  rW,u  A  7  An  luut 
;::;s;,::a,,,,,a,,,,;,, „l:,; :  formerly  known  a. 

n*2EEX^  X  rT,l"for-t™"'do;  2  rln'Mr-tsan'do,  a.    Mm. 
Reel iforcmg  the  povvr  an,l  cnphaBls  of  a  musical   phrase 

rlirt  'i1.--, of„"'i/o^'"'c- itEKN"",('":l    rtn"for-M'tot 

?n.ireh0:-2 ','""•  *   ■  F*  ''      ,' '  T°  BUTTOUnd  with  a  ring; 

'"    '    '  |;  ro  Provide  or  decorate  with  a  ring  or  ring! 

i.   Uort     I  o  cut  a.  rmK|  of  bark  fro,,,,  as  a  branth  ;  finlle 

a  nng. — ringed,  pa. 
Tin.**;  \   iRANO  CBometimea  btog);  bung;  bino'ing.] 

iV,  it     V  V'  ''''"' ;  i'  '"  ,,,v''  forUl  a  resonant  sound,  aa  a 

Pell.      -.    lo  prodii,-..,  as  a  sound,  as  by  a  b.ll       :t.   To 

announce  or  proclaim,  as  by  sounding  bells:  with  »»  or 


riding 
riparian 

out.  4.  To  utter  ofteD  or  emphatically;  repeat-  reiteroto 
5.  To  summon  by  a  bell     II.  i     1    T  ,,.,;,  t6, 

sound  as  a  bell ;  ryeverberatl%lec^o.T02.eTothav0ena°er 
filled  wl,hSatl°nH  aS  °f  the  80Undin*  of  a  bell  *  £  To  be 
failed  with  sound  or  resonance;  echo;  reverberate      4 

wi?th  a  beU^r^AsI1  be  fam°US-,  5-To  makera  %£] 

S£2W&?!La>  A  ^-ular  baTdS^ol? 
finger.     (2)  A  hoop.  ' 
(3)  A  group  of  per- 
sons or  things  in  a  ' 
circle.   (4)  Bot.  One 
of  a  series  of  con- 
centric    layers     of 
wood  in  an  exoge-  A 
nous  stem,  formed 
by  annual  growth. 
annual  ringj.    2. 
An  area  or  arena, 
as    for    a    race    or ' 
fight.     3.   A   combination   of  persons,  often  for  cor- 


5    w        6 

Finger=rlngs. 

Early  Christian  Bngowrtog  »ith  engraved  Chr 
i  (Irom  the  cataoml.B  ,.f  Roun-).     "    I>n.'l,„,a 
it.     4.  Marquise,     b.  Solitaire.     6.' Wedding. 


nT™t    ^-    ^      «"^^    wi   pciBuus,   onen  tor  cor- 

pontics  ?<  Itl  ."Ration,  .as  in  business  or 
pontics.  (<  AS.  hrmg,  ring.]— ring'sbolt".  n  An 
eye-bolt  having  a  ring.-rln|'bone",  n  A  bony  en 
argement  or  excrescence  on  the  postern=bones  of  a  horse: 
-T  dove  £g  iaPe"^-r-«arrier,  n.  A  go-betweln.' 
r,o,,V  '    f'^    A    Eur°Pean    pigeon    having    the    neck 

partly  encircled  with  a  cream-colored  mark      cush'ati- 

OT,„'Jf,^e0^-t\rr-,|,nKer'  "■  Tne  thM  finger  of  the 
left  hand  on  which  the  tnarrlage-rmg  is  worn. -ring 'lead''! 

Sg  such  asaa  rio°t  *  BSSlS"1"*  ?,*"  unwo""y  undertak- 

-r'iStH    l      It"*  ,<it'  "■    A  l0,,K'  spiral  lock  0f  hair. 

nng  let-ed,  a.    Arrayed  in  or  adorned  with  ringlets  as 

liw','  AsJhVime  °f  marrlage  or  betrothai.- 
es  d„e  to.  tin  ^I'dteease  appearing  in  circular  patch- 
es, due  to  a  fungous  parasite.  v~>n,u 

"  rous  b'odv  T26  f UUd  produced  ^  a  bell  or  other  sono- 
tions    *  £h,     Atn-V.rte.verb.erated  sound,  as  of  acclama- 

rini :\ I 'rink  9  rf„i  "  /  °vr  mdlf;atiye  sound,  as  of  a  coin. 
i i  IP  •  2  rIok'  n-  *•  An  artificial  floor  or  surface  en- 
closed for  some  sport;  as,  a  skating-™*.  2.  A  space  on 
a  field  of  ,ce  marked  off  for  the  game  of  curling;  aTso  the 
party  of  players  in  the  game.    [For  ring'  n  1 

rinse,  1  nns;  2  rins  I  „<.  [RmsEDt  RINST8  RINS/ING  , 
1.  To  cleanse  by  flooding  after  washing.  2.  To  remove 
rfnsinf  Prr°ce^with  "vt  or  away  II.  n.  The  a^of 
rinsing  [<  OF.  rinser,  <  Ice.  hrrinsa,  cleanse  < 
*r«nn.  clean.)    Syn.:  see  CLEANSE.-rlns'er,  n.-rlns'ing 

?i"m   ;nttnn^ ■„  2"  The  lif|Ui(1  in  whicu  anything  is  rinsed 
also,  that  which  is  removed  by  rinsing  "u»wi. 

Rl  o  de  Ja-nel'ro,  1  n'o  de  se-ne'ro:  2  rl'o  de  zha-ne'ro     a 

1,770  m.    Rl'o  Gran'de  del  Nor'tet.    i.  ArvorlnSF 

_  Brazil;  1,400  m.  to  the  Amazon.  W' 

ri'ot,  1  rai'at;  2  ri'ot.  I<i.  vi.  To  engage  in  a  riot-  act 
notously.  II.  „  1.  A  disturbanc,  consisting "'.f 'tur- 
bulent conduct  of  a  large  number  of  persons,  as  a  mob- 
uproar;  tumult.  2.  Luxurious  and  profligate  livinE: 
revelry.  3.  Luxurious  growth.  4.  A  state  of  confusion1 
medley,  [of.;  cp.  OD.  rcvot.]  Syn.:  sec  bbvoli  iton/to- 
MULT.-rl'ot-er,  n.-rl'ot-ous,  a.  Pertaining  to  riot;  bote- 
terous.  Syn..^sec  noisy;  turbulent,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n 
rip1,  1  rip;  2  rip,  v.  [ripped',  biptb;  rip'ping  1  I.  t  i 
Co  divide,  as  a  fabric,  along  a  line  of  least  resistance  as 
along  a  seam;  tear  or  cut  with  violence:  usually  with 
up  open,  or  off.  2.  To  remove  or  take  oul  or  awaj  bv 
cutting  or  tearing.  3.  To  search  to  the  l.,,ito„,  „f-  ].IV 
bare:  with  up.    4.  To  saw,  as  wood,  in  the  direction  oi 

hegrain      II.  ,.    I.  To  be  rent  or  torn  open      2.  To  rush 

neaaiong,  [<  Norw.  ripa,  score.]  Byn.:  see  bend     rip 'per, 
n     One  who  or  thai  whlcn  rips;  specif..  .-,  tool  for  ripping 

i    .'       ,   ,      ■     '('ollo<l-l     To  utter  will,  vehemence,  break  0U| 

into  violent  exclamation:  with  out.    [Special  use  of  >m",  1 1 
rip ,  n    i.  a  plaoe  torn  or  ripped  open.    2.  A  saw  lor  rip- 
ping lumber.    rl|»'»saw"J. 
rip*,  n.   A  ripple;  rapid. 

rtp»,  ».    [Colloq.]    I.  a  dissipated  or  depraved  person     2. 
A .worn-out,  worthless  animal.    [.    aipi.e.]  [In  peace) 

n.  I.  I       nbhr      ||,.|     UcquUscnl  hi  pure  (mav  he,  or  she.  res. 

n-pa  ri-an,  l  rai-pS'n-enj  2  rl-p5'ri-an,  a      Pertainim 

to  the   bank  of  a  river;  as,  riparian  rights.     [<    L 


r  1 1»«* 

rt'i  Wet 


u  v      i  i  I         «-\  :   bit,  polk       0  •■       "     Ar;  full,  rftlc;  hut,l>orn: 

J    BM.  Jk  I         >         lB»l.  what,  ft  1  ill  I  •  •    ik'ii,  oi.  won, 


674 


1 1-  |i  i   1 1     -u  -  |  nr  li\ 

rip.  .  I  id  111   f«>f 

.■I  enrv 

;  .    loped; 

t  i' .ii'  il; 

■    oppoi  i  u  m  . 

i 

i.  ..ii  opcrntioi 

•  l.  fit.   nmtun 

Ant  : 
Immature,  Imperfect,  sour, 
-ii .  -n,  -s.  rip  'en, 

. 
rt-poal  .  \  is  in  feno- 

|   .I-.  IND 
rl-i>.-- 
rlp   pie1,  r       (lit r' i-i .»'!>.    lUl''l.l>'-;    lit i''- 

r  1 1  •  I  .  i.        [\>  make  ripples  on  or  in.    II.  • 

l  :  .,r  fretted  on  the  surface, 

as  wa<  :.t  an  appearance  as  "i  ripples. 

ran  r .  •! i ^  1 1  bod.    I  < 

rip  'pllng-1)  .  80  SS   t"  show 

rip  pi)  I,  u      Marked 

ipiules  from  the  stalks. 

rip  i>ii  .  m  as  flax  or  hemp,  by  removing  the  seeds 

rip  pie  .  I.  ■  the  wavelets  on  the  surface  oi 

np  I  .         .  iter,  produced  as  bj   a  light  breeae,  or  by 

d;  any  slight,  curling  wave  of  or 

uad  Qke  that  made  by  rippling 

■  ,■  like  a  wavelet.  Syn.:  see  wave. 

rip 'pie  .  .  •  ally  :i  oomb*like  in- 

ining  Bax»fiber or broonvcorn.  (<  rip1, 

rlp'pler.  n.     a  person  who  ripples:  an  lmplem,  ml   tor 

ri|i  rap",  1  rip'rap";2  rlp'rap",  it.     Broken  stones  loosely 
•  lundation,  as  in  deep  water,  or 
[  <  I),  riparape,  p 
Kip   \.m    Winkle.   1    rip  van  wlrj'kl;  2  rip  van  wln'kl.      In 

ngton  Irvlng's  Sleepy  Hollow,  a  Dutch  villager,  who, 

■  out  hunting  In  the  CataklUs,  falls  into  a  sleep 

and  his  world  changed  and  himself 

•ten. 

rl-> .      .  .  •:-.  r.    [rose;  bib'kn,  bis/n*;  sis'nro.] 

rise  .    I.        i.  |  To  ascend,  aa  a  hill.    '£.  NatU. 

gradually  into  view  above  the  horizon,  a^  a 

lung  it.     II.  i.     1.  To  a, ham 'i-  from  a 

-  to  a  higher  position;  go  up;  ascend,     2.  To  be- 

•  after  kneeling,  sitting,  or  lying  down;  stand 

up;  hence,  to  break  up  tor  recess  or  adjournment,  as  a 

debt-  mbly.     3.  To  grow  upward;   become 

loft>  r  gradually  elevated;  also,  toap- 

.  at'-d.    4.  To  swell  upward;  a~, 

a   rr  read   rises.     5.  To  appear  above   the 

'..         '-ome  into  existence,  or  become  per- 

merge.     7.  To  gain  elevation,  as 

in  r  i  -per.    8.  To  revolt;  rebel.    9.  To 

.  From  death.    10.  To  increase  in  force,  int.  n- 

■  iignity,  value,  etc.    11.  To  come  by  chance.    12. 

•pe  gradually  upward. 

Syn.'  arise,  ascend,  flow,  spring.    To  rise  Is  to  move  up  or 

upward  whether  slowly  or  quickly,  whether  through   the 

least  or  greatest  distance:  the  waves  rise,  the  D 

river  rtiej  after  heavy  rains;  as  said  of  persons  to  rlt(  I-  to 

come  to  an  erect  position  after  kneeling,  sluing,  reclining, 

.ng  down;  as,  to  rise  from  a  slck-lx-d;  my  friend  rose 

as  I  entered:  the  guests  rose  to  depart;  so  a  deliberative 

assembly  or  a  committee  Is  said  to  rise  when  It  breaks  up 

a  session:  a  sun  or  star  rises  when  to  our  apprehension  It 

come-  risen  and  begins  to  go  up  the  sky.     To 

ascend  Is  to  go  far  upward,  and  Is  often  need  In  a 

sense;  as,  Christ  ascended  to  heaven.     Compare  RAISE. 

rl~e  ,  1  roil  or  rais;  2  ris  or  rK  n.     1.  The  act  of  rising; 

..--■      :i.  i  hi  si  •  oi  beginning  to  be  or  appear,  as 

..■'■';;  as,  the  ritt  of  a  stream.    4.  An  elevated 

").  ippearillg  above  tie-  horizon.     6. 

nee.     7.   Advance,  as  in 

rank,  prosperity,  or  importance;  also,  elevation  morally, 

ally,  or  spiritually.     H.  Arch.  The  spring  or  height 

kbove  the  impost'level.    9.  Carp.  The  height 

of  a  stalT'Btep.    Syn:  see  bkoixmno.  branch.] 

A  hough  or  branch;  also,  a  small  bush.    [<  AS. 

rli'f-ri.  :  -..-':.    _'  -.-'n.pp   Of  KIBE,  '. 

rl^'er.  -.  .  or  that  which  rises.  In  any  sense;  specif., 

Meal  part  of  a  step  or  stair 

rls'|-l,|  ,-  ,  1  riz'i-bl;  2  rls/i-bl,  a.  1.  Having  the  power 
of  laughing  2.  Adapted  to  excite  laughtei  S.  Pi  re- 
taining to  laugh U  i      ri-so'ri-alj.     [F.,    <  L.""  video, 


rU'l-lill  '|-|)  ,   „       |n,.. 

i     \  teudeno)  to  laughter,    I.  pi     [Humorous.]    im- 

to  laughter     rla'K bleat.    [Humorous.l    ris'i-M.c- 

.  quality  of  being  laughablo     rls'l-bly,  <uti 

rl-k',  1  risk:  2  risk     V.  <t     I.  ro expose  to  a  chance  o( 

Injun  "i  l  ■  !•  To  dare  to  undi  >  take;  take 

the  chances  "f     II.  n      I.    \  ohani i  encountering 

harm  rd;  danger     '!■  An  obligation  01  oon- 

.lam  ,■  on  the  pan  ol  i he  In  urei     I  ■    I'm, 

.in!     Syn.:  see  DANDER;  RAEARD       rlsk'er,  n. 

rlak'y,        l.  attended  with  rl  d  us;  dangerous. 

:.  Running  rial      \  entu  ■  i.:  see  phi  i  in  u  n 

ki  —  t.i  n .  i  tdelalde,  Marchioness  del 

(irlllo    1822   1906)      \n  Italian  traglo  aotreas. 
ri  i. .  riiarii..  ..•'-'"■     in  i    RUardando  i.i/ie  ,  gradually  slower) . 
rile,  l  rait;  L'  rit,  rv     A  solemn  or  religious  ceremony; 

ceremonious  aol   or  obeervanoe.     |<    L.   rittu,   rite  I 

Syn.:  >ee  i  ohm.  BACRAM]  N  P. 

rii  ii-.ii.  i  rich  M  s]  or  rit'yu-el;  8  rfch'u-al  "/■  rlt'yu  ,i 

I.  ,i.    Of,  pertaining  to,  or  consisting  "i  a  rite  oi 

II.  a.  \  prescribed  form  or  method  for  the  performance 
of  a  religious  or  solemn  oeremonj  ;  any  body  oi  rit<  •  oi 
ceremonies;  also,  a  book  setting  forth  such  a  system  ol 
rites  or  observances,    [OF.,  <  L.rifuafts,  <  rtras,  rib  I 

Syn.:  see  rORll  rlt 'u-al-lsiii,  n.  Strenuous  Insistence 
Upon   ritual       rlC'il-al-lst,   a.    &    n       rlt"ii-;il-ls'(lc,  a.— 

rit  u-al-l) ,  ,n/r.    According  to  ritual. 
ltd.,     v.    River 

rlr'age  .  1  riv'ij;2 rtv'ag.n.    \  shore; coast: bank.   [F.] 
ri'ial.  l  rai'vel;  »  ri'val.    I.  it   &  m.    |m'\  n  i  d  or  m'- 

\  \iiio,    ki'\  m  i,~;   iti'\  u.-iMi  ,,r   id'v  si.-i.iNc;  )      1.  To 

to  equal  or  excel;  emulate;  be  the  equal  or  match 
tor  2 1|.  To  be  a  competitor.  II.  a.  Standing  in  com- 
petition or  emulation;  having  opposing  claims  to  the 
same  object.    III.  n.    1.  < 'in-  who  strives  to  equal  or 

excel   another,   or  is  in  pursuit   of   the   same   object    as 

an,  ii  her;  a  competitor,  'i.  <  Ine  equaling,  or  nearly  equal- 
ing, another,  in  any  respect.  -It.  An  associate,  or  com- 
ii  in  office.  IF.,  <  L.  finales,  near  neighbors.] 
Syn.:  Bee  ENEMY,  rl-ial'l-t)  t,  n.  Association;  partner- 
ship.— rl'val-ry,  n.  [-aiE8K,  pi.]  The  act  of  rivaling,  or  the 
state  of  being  a  rival  or  rivals.  Syn.:  see  AilBITION;  com- 
petition;  emulation. 

rive,  1  ruiv;  2  rlv,  it.  &  n.  [hived;  RIVED  or  riv'en;  riv'- 
inc]  To  rend  asunder  by  force;  be  split  or  rent,  as 
timber.  [<  Ice.  r\fa,  rive.)  Syn.:  see  break;  rend. — rlv'- 
er1,  n.    One  who  rives  or  splits. 

rlv'cr2,  1  riv'or;  2  rlv'er,  u.     1.  A  stream  of  water  larger 

than  a  ere,  k,  and  discharging  into  a  larger  body   of 

water,  as  the  ocean,  a  lake,  or  another  stream.     2.  A 

large  stream  of  any  kind;  copious  flow.     [<  F.  rinirr, 

]..  riparius;  sec  RIPARIAN.]    Syn.:  see  STREAM. 

rlv'et,  1  riv'et;  2  rlv'Ct.     I.  vt.     [riv'i.t-eij'1  or  riv'et- 
TEDd;    riv'et-ino   or   riv-et- 
ting]      1.  T<>  fasten   with  or 
as  with  B  rivet.     2.  To  bat  d 
the  headless  end  of  (a  bolt, 
etc.),  so  as  to  make  fast.    3. 
To    fasten    firmly.       II.    n. 
Mech.      A   short   soft    metal  [^ 
bolt,  having  a  head  on   one 

end,  used  to  join  objects,  as  metal  plates,  by  passing  it 
through  holes  and  forming  a  new  head  by  hammering 

on  its  headless  end.     [OF.,   <  rmr,  clench.]— rlv'et- 

Ing,  n     A  system  or  set  of  rivets  collectively,    rlv'et-tlngl. 

Bl"vl-e'ra,  1  rl'vI-C'ra;  2  ri'vl-^'ra,  n.  Literally,  seashore; 
specif.,  the  coast  of  France  and  Italy  from  Nice  to  Spezzla. 

rlv'U-let,  1  riv'yu-let;  2  rlv'yy-lel,  n.  A  small  stream  or 
brook;  streamlet.  [<  L.  ritulus,  dim.  of  rivus,  brook.] 
Syn.:  see  stiu.  \\i 

Rl-zal'day,  1  rt-zul';  2  ri-zal'.  [P.  I]  December  30,  observed 
In  memory  of  Jose  Rlzal  (1801-1896),  who  was  shot  by  the 
Spaniards  for  alleged  conspiracy. 

rlx'=d(»nar,  1  rlks'xlol'ar;  2  rlks'«dorar,  n.  1.  Same  as 
BIOBDALEB.  '£.  A  British  silver  coin  of  Ceylon  and  Cape 
Colony,  value  about  36  cents.  [<  D.  rljksdaaldcr ,  <  G. 
reichsthalcr.  <  rcich,  kingdom,  +  thaler,  dollar.] 

rlz'l-form,  1  rlz'i-form;  2  rlz'1-form,  a.  Having  the  appear- 
ance ,,f  grains  of  rice.    [  <  F.  riz,  rice,  +  -FOBM.] 

Rlz'zl-o,  1  rlt'sl-o;  2  rlt'si-o,  David  (1540  15(10).  An  Italian 
musician;  French  secretary  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots;  assassi- 
nated In  her  presence. 

R.  M-,  nhbr.  Royal  Marines.— rm.,  abbr.  Ream.  — R.  M. 
S.,  abbr.  Royal  Mail  Steamer.— R.  N.,  abbr.  Royal  Navy. 
— R.  N.  R.,  door.  Royal. Naval  Reserve.  —  R.  0.,a66r.  Re> 
'  mice.— ro.,  abbr.    Rood. 

roach1,  1  rStfh;  2  r9ch,  «.  A  European  <^arp«like  fish 
with  reddish  fins.     [<  OF.  roche,  <  MD.  roch,  ray.] 

roach2,  n.    A  cockroach.    [  <  Sp.  cucaracha.] 

road,  1  rod;  2  rod,  n.    1.  An  open  way  for  public  passage, 


Forms  of  Rivets. 


1-. 4=  final;    i  =  hablt^   able;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    rj  =  sires;    thin,   this.  ripe 

675  2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.         rocket 


especially  from  one  city,  town,  or  village  to  another;  a 
highway:  distinguished  from  a  street.  2.  Any  way  of  ad- 
vancing or  progressing.  3.  Any  course  followed  in  a 
journey;  path.  4.  Naut.  A  roadstead:  commonly  in  the 
plural;  as,  Hampton  Roads.  [  <  AS.  rdd,  <  ridan,  ride.] 
Syn.:  beaten  path,  beaten  track,  course,  highway,  lane, 
passage,  path,  pathway,  route,  street,  thoroughfare,  track, 
turnpike,  way.  See  way. — road'=bed",  re.  The  material 
part  of  a  road:  primarily,  the  foundation  of  gravel,  etc.,  but 
by  extension,  especially  In  railway  use,  the  superstructure 
also. — road  'stead,  re.  A  place  of  anchorage  off  shore  with- 
out harbor  protection. — road'ster,  re.  A  horse  adapted  for 
use  on  the  road,  as  in  light  driving:  an  automobile,  bicycle, 
etc.,  adapted  for  ordinary  roads. — road 'way",  re.  A  road; 
specif.,  that  part  over  which  vehicles  pass. 

roam,  1  rom;  2  rom,  v.  l.t.  To  wander  over;  range.  II. 
i.  To  move  about  uncertainly  from  place  to  place; 
wander;  rove.  [Of  AS.  origin.]  Syn.:  see  ramble;  wander. 
— roam  'er,  re.    One  who  roams;  a  vagrant. 

roan,  1  ron;  2  ron.  I.  a.  Of  a  color  consisting  of  bay, 
sorrel,  or  chestnut,  thickly  interspersed  with  gray  or 
white,  as  a  horse.  II.  n.  1.  A  roan  color.  2.  An  animal 
of  a  roan  color.  3.  A  soft  sheepskin  leather,  tanned  to 
a  roan  color  and  used  in  bookbinding,  roan  leather!. 
[OF.,  ult.  <  L.  rvfus,  red.] 

Ro'a-noke,  1  ro'e-nok;  2  ro'a-nok,  re.  1.  A  river  in  Virginia 
and  North  Carolina;  240  m.  to  the  Atlantic  ocean.  2.  An 
island  off  the  coast  of  North  Carolina;  settlements  were  at- 
tempted here  by  Raleigh,  1585-1587. 

roar,  1  ror;  2  ror.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  utter  a  roar,  as  a 
beast;  utter  with  a  roar;  vociferate.  2.  To  make  a  pro- 
longed, blustering,  and  threatening  sound,  as  wind  or 
the  sea;  laugh  or  lament  vociferously.  3.  To  make  a 
labored,  stridulous  sound  in  breathing,  as  a  horse. 

Syn.:  bawl,  bellow,  boom,  bray,  cry,  howl,  peal,  resound, 
reverberate,  scream,  shout,  shriek,  yell.  See  call. 
II.  re.  1.  A  full,  deep,  prolonged,  resonant  cry,  as  of 
a  beast;  a  similar  cry  of  a  human  being,  as  in  pain,  grief, 
or  anger.  2.  Any  loud,  prolonged  sound,  as  of  wind  or 
the  waves,  or  a  confused  mingling  of  sounds  suggesting 
the  cry  of  wild  beasts.  [  <  AS.  gerdr,  <  rdrian,  roar.] 
Syn.:  see  noise. — roar'er,  re.  One  who  or  that  which  roars; 
specif.,  a  horse  suffering  from  roaring. — roar'lng,  pa. — 
roar 'log,  re.  Veter.  Surg.  A  disease  among  horses,  char- 
acterized by  labored,  stridulous  breathing. 

roast,  1  rost;  2  rost.  Id.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  cook  by  subject- 
ing to  the  action  of  heat,  as  in  an  oven:  originally,  to 
cook  before  an  open  fire.  2.  To  heat  excessively,  or  to 
an  extreme  degree.  3.  [Colloq.]  To  banter  or  ridicule 
severely.  4.  To  carry  on,  or  be  prepared  by,  the  process 
of  roasting,  as  defined  above.  II.  a.  Roasted.  III. 
n.  A  piece  of  roast  meat,  or  a  piece  adapted  or  pre- 
pared  for  roasting.  [  <  OHG.OF  rostan,  roast.] — 
roast 'er,  re.  A  person  who  roasts,  or  a  contrivance  for 
roasting;  something  suitable  for  roasting. 

rob,  1  rob;  2  rob,  v.  [robbed;  rob'bing.]  I.  t.  To  take 
away  from  wrongfully  or  injuriously  in  any  way,  espe- 
cially by  force  or  fear.  II.  i.  To  be  guilty  of  robbery. 
[Ult.  <  OHG.  roubon  (G.  rauben),  rob.)  Syn.:  see  steal. — 
rob'ber,  re.    A  plunderer,  as  a  burglar  or  highwayman. 

Syn.:  bandit,  brigand,  buccaneer,  burglar,  depredator, 
footpad,  freebooter,  highwayman,  marauder,  pillager, 
pirate,  plunderer,  thief.  A  robber  seeks  to  obtain  the 
property  of  others  by  force  or  intimidation;  a  thief  by  stealth 
and  secrecy.  In  early  English  thief  was  freely  used  In  both 
senses,  as  in  Shakespeare  and  the  Authorized  Version  of  the 
English  Bible,  which  has  "two  thieves"  in  Matt,  xxvii,  38, 
where  the  Revised  Version  more  correctly  substitutes 
"two  robbers."  Compare  steal. — rob'ber-y,  re.  [-iks', 
pi.]  The  act  of  robbing;  the  taking  away  of  the  property 
•  >r  another  unlawfully,  by  force  or  fear.    Syn.:  see  plunder. 

rob 'and,  1  rob'and;  2  r&b'and,  n.  Naut.  Same  as  rope  hand. 
rob 'bint . 

Rob'bl-a,  del'la,  1  rob'bl-a,  del'lti;  2  rob'bl-ti,  del'lii.  One  of 
a  family  of  Italian  sculptors  and  workers  in  glazed  terra= 
cotta;  specif.,  Luca  (1400-1482),  founder  of  the  family. 
Andrea  (1435-1525),  nephew  of  Luca,  and  his  Bona  Gio- 
vanni (1409  1520),  Luca  (1475  1550?).  and  Glrolamo 
(1488-1500)  pursued  similar  methods  in  art,  generallj 
known  as  Robbia  work. 

robe,  1  rob;  2  rob.  1.  vt.  &  vi.  [robed;  rob'ino.]  To  put 
a  robe  upon;  clothe.  II.  re.  1.  A  long,  loose,  flowing 
garment  worn  over  other  dress.  2.  Anything  thai  cov- 
ers like  a  robe.  3.  A  lap-covering  for  use  in  a  carriage. 
!ap*robet.  robe"=descham'bre,  n.  [F.]  A  woman's 
wrapper  or  dressing-gown.    [F.j    S.vn.:  see  dress. 

Rob'ert,  l  rer/ert:  'd  rfib'Srt,  ».  1.  One  of  several  kings  of 
Scotland;  especially  R.  I.  BeeBRUi  e  2.  One  of  two  dukes 
of  Normandy:  (1)  R.  I.  (1000-1035);  father  of  William  the 
Conqueror.  (2)  R.  II.  (1052-1134);  sou  of  William  the 
Conqueror;  a  crusader. 


Rob'erts,  1   reb'arts;  2  rob'erts,   Frederick  Sleigh,  Earl 

(1832-1914).    A  British  field-marshal;  born  In  India. 
Rob'ert-son,  1  reb'sre-san;  2  rdb'ert-son,  William  (1721- 

1793).    A  Scottish  clergyman  and  historian. 
Ro'bes-plerre,  1  ro'bas-pir;  2  ro'bes-per,  Maximillen  Marie 

(175S-1794).  A  French  revolutionary  leader;  guillotined. 
rob'in,  1  reb'in;  2  rob'in,  n.  1.  A  small  European  bird, 
with  the  forehead,  cheeks,  and  breast  orange-red;  the 
redbreast.  2.  A  North-American  thrush  resembling 
but  larger  than  the  English  robin.  [  <  OF.  Robin,  dim. 
of  Robert,  Robert.) 
Rob'in  Good 'fel"low.  1.  [Eng]  Folklore.  A  merry  and 
mischievous  sprite.    2.  Any  fairy  or  elf. 

Rob'in  Hood.  A  legendary  medieval  outlaw  of  Sherwood 
forest,  central  England. 

Rob'in-son  Cru'soe,  1  kru'so;  2  eru'so.  In  Defoe's  Robin- 
son Crusoe,  the  hero,  a  sailor  shipwrecked  on  a  tropical  Is- 
land, where,  by  ingenious  devices,  he  maintained  himself 
until  rescued.     See  Juan  Fernandez;  Selkirk. 

ro'ble,  1  ro'blS;  2  ro'ble,  re.  One  of  various  trees,  as  a  Cali- 
fornian  white  oak,  a  Chilean  beech,  etc.  [Sp.,  <  L.  robur, 
oak.] 

Rob  Roy.  Literally,  Robert  the  Red,  an  outlawed  Highland 
freebooter,  Robert  Macgregor  (1660-1734);  hero  of  Scott's 
novel  of  this  name. 

Rob  'sari,  1  reb'sart;  2  rdb'siirt.  Amy  (1532-1560).  A  beauti- 
ful Scottish  girl  who  married  the  Earl  of  Leicester. 

Robt.,  abbr.    Robert. 

ro-bust',  1  ro-bust';  2  ro-bust',  a.  1.  Possessing  or  char- 
acterized by  great  strength  or  endurance;  rugged; 
healthy.  2.  Zool.  Comparatively  short  and  stocky; 
stout;  thick;  as,  a  robust  fish.  [  <  L.F  robustus,  <  robus, 
robur,  strength.]  Syn.:  see  firm;  powerful;  strong,  -ly, 
adv.  -ness,  re.— ro-bus'tlous,  a.  [Humorous  &  Archaic] 
Of  a  robust  character;  also,  rough,     -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

roc,  1  rek;  2  roc,  re.  In  Arabian  and  Persian  legend,  an  enor- 
mous and  powerful  bird  of  prey.    [  <  Ar.  (Per.)  rukh,  roc] 

Ro"cham"beau\  1  ro"sliah''bo';  2  ro"chiih"b6'.  Jean  Rap- 
tiste  de  Vimeur,  Com  to  de  (1725-1807).  A  French  sol- 
dier and  marshal;  commanded  the  French  allies  in  the  Amer- 
ican Revolution. 

Roche"fort',  1  ros^'for':  2  roch"for',  re.  A  fortified  seaport 
in  W.  France;  pop.  35,000.    Roche"fort'«sur=mer't. 

Roche"fou-cauld',  1  rosTi'f u-ko' ;  2  r6ch"fu-co',  Francois, 
Due  de  la  (1613-1680).     A  French  writer;  Maxims. 

Ro-chelle',  1  ro-sTiel';  2*ro-chel',  La.  A  historical  seaport 
in  W.  France;  former  Huguenot 'stronghold;  besieged  in  1573 
and  1627;  pop.  36,000. 

roches  mou"ton"nees',  1  rosli  mu'to'ne':  2  roch  mu*to"ne'. 
Rounded  knobs  of  rock  ground  down  and  smoothed  by  gla- 
cial action.    [F.;  roche,  rock;  mouton,  mutton.] 

Roch'es-ter,  1  reeTi'es-tar;  2  roch'es-ter,  re.  1.  John  Wll- 
mot,  Earl  of  (1648-1680),  an  English  courtier  and  poet.  2. 
A  cathedral  city  of  S.  E.  England;  pop.  31,000.  3.  A  man- 
ufacturing city  of  W.  New  York;  pop.  265,000. 

roch'et,  1  rocTi'et;  2  roch'et,  re.  Eccl.  A  ceremonial  garment, 
as  for  a  bishop,  similar  to  a  surplice,  but  with  closer  sleeves 
or  without  sleeves.    [OF.,  <  OHG.  roch,  coat.]    rock'ctf. 

Ro"cl-nan'te,  1  ro'fhl-nfin'te;  2  rCthi-nan'te.  n.  The  raw- 
boned  steed  of  Don  Quixote;  hence  [r-],  any  ill-looking' riding* 
horse.    Ro"si-nan'tei. 

rock',  1  rok;  2  rok,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  move  or  be  moved 
backward  and  forward,  as  on  a  swinging  base,  or  swing 
about  an  axis  or  axle.  2.  To  sway  or  reel,  f  <  AS.  roc- 
cian;  cp.  Dan.  rokkc.]  Syn.:  see  shake.— rock'er,  re.  One 
who  or  that  which  rocks:  (1)  One  of  the  curved  supports  of  a 
rocking-chair.  (2)  A  rocking-chair.— rock'lng=chalr",  re. 
A  chair  supported  on  curved  rockers. 

rock1,  re.  1.  Any  large  mass  of  stone.  2.  A  firm  or  immov- 
able support;  defense.  3.  That  on  which  ono  may  bo 
wrecked,  as  a  reef;  some  source  of  ruin  or  injury.  4. 
Geol.  The  consolidated  material  forming  the  crust  of 
the  earth;  any  mass  of  mineral  matter  forming  an  essen- 
tial part  of  the  e.art  h's  crust .  5.  The  roeklish,  or  si  riped 
bass.  (>.  The  rock-dove.  [<  AS.  fOCC.]—  rock  '=crys"- 
tal,  n.  Colorless  transparent  quartz. — r.Mlove,  ».  The 
European  wild  pigeon,  tile  parent  of  domestic  varieties. 
r.»OlI,  re.  Petroleum.  — rock 'work",  re.  A  mound  or  wall 
of  stones,  set  Willi  mortar  and  arranged  to  Imitate  a  rocky 
surface;  also,  an  artificial  grotto,  roek'y,  a.  Consisting 
of  or  abounding  In  rocks. -rock 'l-ness,  n. 

rock",  ii.    The  act  of  rocking;  a  fancy  dance-step.      [rock,  v.] 

rock'1,  ;;.     [I'rov,  or  ObS.j    A  distaff.     1-      Ice  rnkkr.    ■      V   of 

rock 'a- way,  1  rek'8-w6;2  rflk'a-wB,  «  [TJ.  B.j  A  four-wheeled, 
two-seated  pleasure  carriage  with  standing  top 

Roek'e-fel"ler,  1  rok'i-ferar;  2  rok'e-fercr,  John  Davison 

(1839         ).    An  American  oil  magnate  and  capitalist. 

rock'er2,  re.     The  rock-dove. 

rock'er-y,  «.  ■  r-iisaz,  pi.]    Hockwork. 

rock'ci1,  1  rek'et;  2  rok'fit,  ».     A  firework  thai  rises  by 
the   reaction  of  escaping  gases  produced   as  it    Inn  ii 
See  i  II  hi   on  icxt,  page.     [<  It.  roccheUa,  dim.  of  rocca, 
distaff.]    sky'«rock"ett. 


rwrkel  •»      «•         <        ••       ■•        i         i       tbay,  ■•;  Ml,  tr;  Ml,  HUo;  bot,  bftntj 

>    «  ti      iii        i        -,s  «»i,,      n?ff 


,  to 

V  de- 

.  :irt   or 
ru-i-.i  i  .1. 
1  ■ 

instru- 

ipline;    eor- 

.'.      "  \ 

■•   of  :l 
I.  -  - 1 »« - 1  it  1 

and  mjinii  4.    \   mea-    Rock- 

pert  h    :    pole  .    .".. 

'• 

:. 
2  rod.  Imp.  of  Hint 

lit,]  I.        1.1 

II.  \   "miimI   for- 

!i   jaw  two    (rarely  four) 

itinually  from  persistent   pulps, 

.-  a  squirrel,  beaver,  rat,  p'.r- 

;<  L.  roderm-)s,  ppr.  or   rodo,  gnaw.]  — 

.'. 

-i'  k,  4k,  n.    a  king  of  the  \ 

Rod'er-iet. 

!••     •">  .    .    nVdah':  2   ro'dan',  Auguste    (1840   1917)      A 

■    [Kim-tit  of  the  modern  naturalistic  school. 

•  >.  1  red'ni;  2  l.  <  Mar    1728   1784  .  an 

■  be  Declaration  ol  Indepen- 

.'.  Lord     1718  Brydgea,  an  I 

■  ■ft  Dominica,  April  12,  1782 

-moo-taste')  .  Sn-tad'. 

I  •  i  bluster; brag     II.  a.    Bragging     III. 

■• .  a  boaster  in 
rod"o-mon-ta'do  . 
ro<-  ,  i  ■  i.  to,  as  of  fishes,  crustaceans, 

'•'•  k  in  wood,  especially  in  mahog- 

rac*i        l.  r  of  Europe  and  western  A  .'. 

[  <  AS.  rd,  roe.] 
roe 'bock",  f       A  r...  .  c-specially  themale. 
»'...•  bllng,  .  it      ling,*.    1.  John  Augustus  (1806- 

- 1  anil 
.'. 
Washington   Augustas 
3517)      aa    Amer 

I  2  runt'- 

Hilhi-lm  Koorad 

I 

his      nan 
K  'i  <•  n  I   'gen 
■   form    of 
ergy 
that    is   not 

rays    of    a    glass  ~ 

tu;  •  -   '=— s 

uum        (Crooka't 

strike  upon  . 

the  opposite  walls  Apparatus  for  Producing  Rocntg. 

of     the     tube    or  '  MBadc  t,mthott  • 

upon    any    object  "kT     •   ","'  '"'■  :'  »n«~«"  <>•"*  in  mat 

n    the    tnt,. 
•n   me  tur>e.     i>,  .  .,icb  j        „,  Ud/J 

It   Is  possible  to  see  ami  photograph  the  aha.' 
bones,  bullets,  etc..  through  the   fleshy  parts    of   the  body 
X  ra> »:. 
ro-ga'tinn.  :  -    -.•  ."Misn;  2  ro-ga'shon,  n.     1.   Rot 

-  ibrnitting  of  a  proposed  law  t.  •  indask- 


'.'.   \  I  ,.■:(./  i 

supple  .iii.  ii      |  •     I    '  rooal  t>,   ■    rogo.  ask  | 

HamuH  m,  i  n- 

'<r\l. 

ri'gni'.  i  d  unprincipled 

'.  .  ine  »  l>"  i  ■  innoi  eni 
■■I".'  i  familiarly  and  en- 

die,  sturdy  beggar;  a  ro\  - 
iug  \  ngrnnl      4.  \  fierce  and 

i  from  the  herd,    [«    01     rt  me,  rude.]     roguea 
will.  n.      i  olloctlon  of  photographic  protralu  of  criminal! 
Hi  o  in  their  future  IdentlOcal  I         t..s.u.  -• 
■  i  in  ii.  u  ed  in  iirn  li  on  when  He  la 

expelled  or  driven  away  In  disgrace,  u  from  a  rollli  i 
or  communltj      rogu'er-y,  .  ;./  |    I.  Km 

'.'.    Playful    miscblevousness       rogulsb,  ". 
i.  r  u fniiy nuschlevoua    I.  Knavish:  dishonest     rogu'yt. 
-Ij .  -nesa,  n. 

roll,  1  roil;  2  ri  1.  To  render  muddy,  as  a  liquid     2. 

irritate.     I  • .    <  IF.   roth  r   I  P.   rouL  • 

in. I  i  .  rlli-:      P ■   ■.     o    '   ■  lloq  |.      roll').  ,,     I  ul. 

ment;  stirred  up;  turbid     Bra    bcct/hicx. 

roloti   n     Bourf;   scab,   roignet;   roynet<      rolnlsh, 
Bcurvj  .  mangy;  vile;  mean 

rolst'er>er,  l  reisl  t'er-er,  n.    A  blustering, 

reveler.  I-  OP.  rutin  |  rolst'ert  [Archaic]; 
royat'ert;  royat'er-ert.  rolai'er,  H,  To  blaster;  swag- 
ger,    rolsf  'cr-lng,  /»/ 

rok'e-lay,  n,    Same  as  aoqi  elai  bj 

Roland,  l  roland;  u'  rO'land,  n.  Hero  of  the  AnglcNorman 
n  «/.  Roland  'Soul;  ol  Roland  .  of  Uie  1  lth  centurj .  a 
prefect  of  the  Brittany  marches;  .slam  by  <  lascona  at  Rono  - 
valles,  77s  a  Roland  for  an  Oliver,  action  taken  In  some- 
thing sani  <>r  iii. in-  in  match  «  hat  la  aid  or  done  bj  another, 
from  the  romantic  Btorlea  ol  the  exploits  ..f   the  brother 

knights  so  n:iinii|. 
role.  1  rfil;  2  rOl.  n.    A  part  or  character  taken  by  an  actor; 
LUned  rharartrr  or  function.     [!■'.] 

roll,  l  r.'.l;  2  rol,  p.  1. 1.  1.  To  cause  to  progress  by  tm:i- 
ing  iivt  and  over  upon  a  surface  without  slipping;  also, 
to  move  with  rotation,  or  to  partially  rotate;  turn  about 
continually  *J.  To  wrap  round  and  round  upon  itself  or 
upon  an  axis;  also,  to  cause  t"  assume  the  shape  of  a 
sphere  or  cylinder  l.y  means  "f  ratal  ion  and  pressure,  -i. 
avelop  with  or  without  rotation  of  the  object  en- 
veloped; enwrap.  4.  To  make  smooth,  compact,  or  flat 
by  means  of  a  roller  or  rolling>pin.  5.  To  carry  onward 
with  a  steady  swelling  and  sweeping  motion.     6.  To 

kVe  or  sway  sidewise,  as  a  .ship.     7.  To  push 

or  drivi  along  on- rollers.  8.  To  calender,  as  paper.  U. 
To  utter  with  a  continued  trilling  sound,  as  a  bird.  10. 
To  beat  a  roll  upon,  as  a  drum.    11.  To  emit  in  a  full  and 

swelling  manner,  as  musical  sounds,  l'i  .  To  revolve  in 
mind.  II.  i.  1.  To  move  onward  by  turning  round  and 
round  upon  a  surf  a  re  without  slipping,  as  the  wheel  of  a 
carriage;  also,  to  move  onward  while  rotating.  2.  To 
move  or  run  on  wheels.  3.  To  rotate  partially.  4.  To 
undulate  or  sweep  along,  as  waves;  hence,  to  move  tu- 
multuou.-ly;  fluctuate.  5.  To  sway  or  toss  from  side  to 
side.    6.  To  fall  or  tumble  forward  with  a  rotary  motion. 

7.  To  give  forth  a  deep,  reverberating  sound,  as  thunder. 

8.  To  it'll  a  rotating  movement,  the  form  of 

a  cylinder,  as  of  cloth.    9.  To  be  extended,  flattened,  or 

thed  under  the  action  of  a  roller  or  between  n 
10.  To  luxuriate;  abound;  as,  to  roll  in  wealth.    11.  'I  o 

roll  on  a  drum.  Syn .:  see  revolvk.— roll'er,  n.  1. 
Any  cylindrical  article  or  device  that  rolls,  as  to  reduce  fric- 
tion, to  exert  pressure,  or  to  apply  something  to  a  surface, 
as  printers'  ink.    ~z.  a  long  bandage  done  up  In  a  roil.    3. 

One  who  rolls.  4.  A  long  rolling  wave,  as  of  the  ocean.  — 
roll'cr=skate",  n.  A  skate  having  rollers  Instead  of  a 
blade  or  runner,  for  use  on  a  floor.  —  roll'lng.  I.  pi, 
Smoothly  undulating,  as  waves  or  bills:  expressing  also  the 

action  of  the  verb  roll  In  any  sense.    II.  n.    1.  The  act  of  a 

or  thing  that  rolls  or  of  one  who  Uses  a  rolling-tool. 

2.  A  deep,  full,  reverberating  sound.-  roll'ing'inlll",  n. 

ibUahment  In  which  metal  la  made  Into  sheets,  rods, 

'■n  rollers,     roll 'lng:pln",  n.    A 

wooden  roller  with  handle  at  each  end.  for  rolling  out  dough, 
roll'liig:stock",    n.      The    wheeled     transportation 

equipment  of  a  railway. 
roll,  n.    1.  Anything  rolled  up  in  cylindrical  form;  as,  a 
T"ll  of  parchment.     2.  Hence,  an  official  writing,  espe- 
cially a  li-t  or  register.    3.  A  long  strip,  as  of  ribbon  or 
carp.  '  on  itself  or  upon  a  core.     4.   Cookery. 

Any  article  of  food,  a=  bread  or  cake,  rolled  or  doubled 
•r  in  preparation  for  use.  5.  A  roller;  particu- 
larly, a  cylinder  in  fixed  bearings  used  as  a  roller.  6.  A 
rolling,  as  of  thunder.  7.  A  tnll.  as  of  a  canary.  8.  The 
rapid  beating  of  a  drum  to  make  its  sound  continuous. 


1: d  =  final;    l  =  habit_2    aisle;    a\l  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  fe«d;    cliin;    go;    t}  =  s\ng;    thin,   this. 
677         2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,  but,   burn;  511,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


rocket 
roost 


9.  A  rolling  gait  or  movement;  (Naut.)  motion  from  side 
to  side,  as  of  a  ship  in  a  seaway.  10.  An  undulating  sur- 
face, as  of  the  sea.  [  <  F.  role,  <  L.  rotula,  dim.  of 
rota,  wheel.]  Syn.:  see  list;  recokd. — roll'scall",  re.  The 
act  of  calling  over  a  roll  or  list  of  the  names  of  a  number  of 
persons,  as  soldiers  or  workmen,  to  ascertain  which  are 
present;  also,  the  time  of  or  signal  for  calling  the  roll. 

rol'llek',  1  rol'ik;  2  rol'ik,  vi.  [Colloq.]  To  move  in  a  careless 
or  swaggering  manner,  with  a  frolicsome  air;  act  carelessly 
and  jovially.  [<  roll,  v.,  but  cp.  frolic]  rol'lic}:.— rof- 
llek-lng,  pa.  1.  Moving  in  a  careless  or  swaggering  man- 
ner; jovial.  2.  Expressive  of  a  careless,  frolicsome  spirit;  as, 
rollicking  behavior,    rol'lick-somet;  rol'lick-yt. 

Rol"lln',  1  ro"lah';2  ro"lah',  Charles  (1661-1741).  A  French 
historian.  [first  duke  of  Normandy. 

Rol'lo,  1  rel'o;  2  rol'o,  re.     A  Norwegian  viking  (860-932); 

ro'ly=po"ly.  I.  a.  Like  a  roly-poly;  pudgy;  dumpy.  II.  n. 
1.  A  boiled  or  steamed  pudding  made  from  a  sheet  of  dough, 
rolled  up  with  fruit,  etc.     2.  [Colloq.]  A  pudgy  person. 

Rom.,  abbr.    Roman,  Romance,  Romans. 

Ro-ma'ic,  1  ro-me'ik;  2  ro-ma'ic.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  or 
characteristic  of  the  language  or  people  of  modern 
Greece.  II.  n.  Modern  Greek,  especially  the  popular 
form  spoken  by  uneducated  Greeks:  distinguished  from 
the  higher  literary  form  called  modern  Hellenic.  [  <  LL. 
Romaicus,  <  Gr.  Rhomaikos,  <  Rhome,  Rome;  applied  to 
the  Greeks  of  the  Eastern  Roman  Empire.] 

Ro'man,  1  ro'man;  2  ro'man.  I.  a.  1.  Relating  to  Rome 
or  the  Romans.  2.  Resembling  a  Roman  in  character; 
noble;  stern.  3.  Roman  Catholic.  4.  Having  the  form 
of  the  letters  known  as  Roman.  II.  n.  1.  A  citizen  of 
Rome  or  of  the  ancient  Roman  Empire.  2.  Print.  A 
style  of  perpendicular  type,  as  that  in  which  these  words 
are  printed;  also,  a  black  Gothic  letter  used  by  the  an- 
cient Romans.  [  <  F.  romain,  <  L.  Romanus,  <  Roma, 
Rome.]— Epistle  to  the  Romans,  one  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment books,  consisting  of  a  letter  of  the  apostle  Paul  to  the 
Christians  at  Rome. — Roman  Catholic.  1.  Pertaining  to 
the  Church  of  Rome,  of  which  the  Pope  is  the  head.  2.  A 
member  of  that  church. — Roman  nose,  a  nose  that  is  some- 
what aquiline. —Roman  numerals,  the  letters  used  by  the 
ancient  Romans  as  symbols  in  arithmetical  notation.  See 
numeral. — Ro'man-ism,  n.  The  dogmas,  forms,  etc.,  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  Church. — Ro'man-ist.  I.  a.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  Romanism.  II.  n.  A  Roman  Catholic:  op- 
probrious use. — Ro'man-ize,  vt.  &  vi.  [-ized;  -iz"ing.]  To 
make  or  become  Roman  or  Roman  Catholic;  also,  to  write 
or  speak  in  a  Latinized  style.  Ro'man-Isej. — Rom'lsli, 
a.  Pertaining  to  the  Roman  Catholic  Church:  usually  de- 
rogatively. 

ro-mance',  1  ro-mans';  2  ro-manc',  vi.  [romanced'1; 
ro-manc'ing.]  1.  To  indulge  in  visionary  fabrications; 
tell  fanciful  stories.  2.  To  think  or  act  in  a  romantic 
manner.    Syn.:  see  dream;  fiction. 

Ro-mance', )  1  ro-mans',  -man'ik;  2  ro-manc',  -man'ic, 

Ro-man'ic,  J  a.  Pertaining  to  the  languages,  as  Italian, 
French,  Spanish,  and  Portuguese,  descended  from  the 
ancient  popular  Latin  mixed  with  foreign  elements. 

ro-mance',1  ro-mans';  2  ro-mang',°ra.  1.  A  form  of  ideal- 
istic prose  fiction;  any  extravagant  story.  2.  A  poeti- 
cal tale  of  chivalry,  written  originally  in  one  of  the 
Romances.  3.  The  character  of  that  w-hich  appears 
strange  and  fascinating,  heroic,  chivalrous,  and  the 
like;  delight  in  what  is  chivalrous,  adventurous,  fanci- 
ful, or  mysterious.  4.  [R-]  One,  or  all  collectively,  of 
the  Romance  languages.  5.  A  falsehood;  fabrication. 
[<  L.LL'fF  Romanlcus,  Roman.]— ro-manc'cr,  v.  A  writer 
of  romance;  an  extravagant  storyteller. — ro-man'tlc,  a. 
1.  Relating  to  romance;  fanciful;  visionary.  2.  Fictitious 
and  Improbable.  3.  Pertaining  to  the  Romanic  peoples,  ;is 
opposed  to  classic;  in  music,  literature,  etc.,  not  conforming 
io  axed  rules;  fantastic;  fanciful. — ro-man'tl-eal-ly,  adv. 

Syn.:  airy,  chimerical,  dreamy,  extravagant,  fanciful,  fan- 
tastic, fictitious,  ideal,  Imaginative,  picturesque,  poetic, 
sentimental,  visionary,  wild.  —  Ant.:  exact,  historical,  lit- 
eral, precise,  truthful,  unadorned,  unimaginative,  unvar- 
nished, ro-man'tl-cism,  n.  A  romantic  style,  as  opposed 
to  the  classical:  a  revival  of  medieval  spirit,  forms,  or  types. 
— ro-maii'tl-cist,  n.-  ro-man'tlc-ly,  adv. 

Ro"man-esque\  1  ro"in;.n-osk';  2  ro"man-esk',  a.  1. 
Pertaining  to  or  designating  a  certain  style  of  architec- 
ture. See  below.  2.  Pertaining  to  or  characterized  by 
the  Romance  languages,  especially  the  dialed  of  Lan- 
guedoc.  [F.|  Ro"man-csk'f.  Romanesque  archi- 
tecture, the  prevailing  style  of  Western  architecture  (5th 
to  the  12th century), embracing  the  Saxon,  Norman.  Lom- 
bard, etc.,  characterized  by  the  round  arch  and  general 
masslveness.  — Ro"man-csque',  n. 
TO-inant'||,  I  1  ro-mant',  ro-munt';  2  ro-mant',  ro-miint',  n. 
io-maunt'||,  (  A  romanix-:  the  Middle  English  form,  now 
used  in  titles  and  in  poetry. 


Rom'a-ny,      )  1  rem'a-m;  2  rom'a-ny.    I.  a.    Of  or  pcrtam- 
Rom'ma-ny,  i'  ing  to  the  Gipsies  or  their  language.    II.  n.    1. 

A  Gipsy.     2.  The  dialect  of  Gipsies.     [<   Gipsy  Romani, 

Gipsy,   <  rom,  man.] 
Rom.  Cath.,  abbr.    Roman  Catholic. 
Rome,  1  rom;  2  rom,  n.    A  city,  capital  of  Italy,  and  seat  of 

the  Pope:  former  capital  of  the  Roman  empire;  pop.  591,000. 
Ro'me-o,  1  ro'mi-5;  2  ro'me-o,  n.     In  Shakespeare's  Romeo 

and  Juliet,  the  hero  of  the  play,  in  love  with  Juliet,  daughter 

of  the  enemy  of  his  house.    He  kills  himself,  thinking  Juliet 

dead,  and  she  follows  his  example. 
romp,  1  remp;  2  romp.    I',  tit.    To  play  boisterously.    II. 

n.    1.  One,  especially  a  girl,  who  romps.    2.  Noisy,  ex- 
citing play.     [For  ramp,  v.  &  n.] — romp'ish,  n. 
Rom'u-lus,  1  rem'yu-lus;  2  rom'yu-lus,  n.    One  of  the  twin 

legendary  founders  of  Rome,   abandoned  in  infancy  and 

suckled  by  a  wolf.    He  kills  his  brother  and  becomes  sole 

ruler.    See  Remus. 
Ron"ces-val'les,  1  ren'si-val'es;  2  r6n"ce-val'es,  n.    A  village 

in  N.  Spain;  Charlemagne's  rear=guard  defeated  and  Roland 

slain,  778. 
ron-deau',  1  ron-do'  or  ron'do;  2  ron-do'  or  r6n'd0,  n.    1.  A 

poem  of  French  origin,  consisting  of  thirteen  lines  with  two 

rimes  and  an  unrimed  refrain.    Z.  A  refrain.    [F.] 
ron'do,  1  ron'do;  2  rSn'Co,  n.  1.  The  musical  setting  of  a  ron- 
deau.    2.  A  musical  composition  having  a  main  theme  and 

several  contrasting  episodes,  the  former  being  repeated  in 

its  original  key  after  each  subordinate  theme.     [It.] 
ron'durell,  1  ren'diur;  2  rSn'dur,  n.     Anything  circular  or 

spherical;  a  curve  or  swell,     roun'duret. 
ron'lont,  n.    A  mangy  or  scabby  animal  or  person,    ron'- 

yont.  [French  poet. 

Kon"sard',  1  roh'sar''  2  roh'sar',  Pierre  de  (1524-1585).    A 
rood,  1  rud;  2  rood,  n.    1.  A  cross  or  crucifix.    2.  A  square 

land^measure.  one=fourth  of  an  acre.     [  <  AS.  rod.] 
roof,  1  ruf  :2  roof.    Id.  vt.    1.  To  cover  with  a  roof.    2. 

shelter;  house.     II.  n.     1.  The 

exterior   upper   covering   of    a 

building.    2.  Any  top  covering, 

as  of  a  car  or  oven. 

3.     A    dwelling; 

home.     [<  AS.  rhof, 

roof.]— roof  of  the 

mouth,  the  palate. 

— roofage,  re.     The 

material    forming    a 

roof ;  roofing. —roof- 
er,    re.        One    who 

makes      or     repairs 

roofs.—  roof=  gar"- 

den, 

on    the    roof    of 

building,     used     for 


Roof-construction. 

l<truSBod  roof :  p,  p,  purlir 


1.  An  iron-trusBed  roof :  p,  p,  purlins;  «\  walhi 

"a     pqriipn  PIa'1'-     2'  3'  KinS*P"Bt  and   queen.post  roofs:    c, 

lc"  common  rafterB;  ca.  collar;  j,  purlins;  k,  king.post; 

p,  principal  rafters;  p<i,  pole-plates;  q,  queeu.postfl; 

ridge-posts;  s,  strutB;  t,  tie-beanis. 

public  theatrical  en- 
tertainments. —  roofing,  re.  1.  Roofs  collectively.  2. 
Material  for  roofs.  3.  Shelter.  4.  The  act  of  covering  with 
a  roof. — roofless,  a.  1.  Having  no  roof.  2.  Destitute  of 
shelter. — roof  tree",  re.  The  ridgepole  of  a  roof;  hence, 
the  roof. 

rook1,  1  ruk;  2  rook,  n.  1.  An  Old  World  crow,  with  the 
feathers  of  the  face  lost  in  the  adult,  noted  for  its  gre- 
gariousness.  2f.  A  trickster.  [  <  AS.  hroc,  rook.] — 
rookt,  vt.  &  vi.  To  cheat. — rook'cr-y,  re.  [-iesz,  pi.]  1.  A 
colony  of  rooks.  2.  A  breeding-place  of  sea-birds,  seals,  etc. 
3.  A  rambling  building;  a  low  neighborhood. — rook'y,  a. 

rook2,  re.  Chess.  Same  as  castle. 

room,  1  rum;  2  room.  I.  vi.  To  occupy  a  room;  lodge. 
II.  n.  1.  Free  or  open  space.  2.  A  space  enclosed  for 
occupancy;  an  apartment.  3.  Suitable  or  warrantable 
occasion.  4.  A  person's  place,  function,  or  office.  [< 
AS.  rUm,  <  rUm,  wide]  Syn.:  sec  place.— room'age,  n. 
Extent  of  room  or  space. — room'cr,  re.  [Colloq.,  U.  S  |  A 
lodger. — room'ful,  re.  As  many  or  as  much  as  a  room  will 
hold;  also,  a  number  of  persons  present  In  a  room,  room'- 
mate",  re.  One  who  occupies  a  room  with  another  or  oth- 
ers.— room'y,  a.  Having  abundant  room;  spacious. — 
room 'My,  adv. — room  '1-ness,  re. 

roop'y,  a.    Same  as  roupy. 

roor'back,  1  rur'bak;  2  roor'bak,  re.  [U.  S.l  A  fictitious  re- 
port circulated  for  political  purposes,  as  before  an  election. 
[From  a  political  story  circulated  in  1844  ns  an  extract  from 
a  fictitious  work,  Huron  Roorback's  'I'mir  through  the  Western 
and  Southern  States  I  [rouscf. 

roose,  1  rflz;  2  rdog,  vt.    [Scot.]    To  praise.     [<   Ice.  hrOsa.] 

ltoo'se-vclt,l  rfj'zB-vclt;  2  ro'se -veil,  Theodore  (1858-  ). 

An  American  statesman  and  mail  of  letters;  26th  l'resldcnt 
of  the  United  States.    See  PRESIDENT. 

roosl,  1  rust;  2  roost.  I'1,  vl.  &  vi.  To  peroh  upon;  sit  or 
perch,  II.  n.  A  perch  upon  which  fowls  rest,  at  night; 
also,  any  place  where  birds  resort  to  Bpend  the  night; 
hence,  any  temporary  resting'place,  [  <  AS.  hrout, 
roost.]— roost'er.  n.    The  male  of  the  domestic  fowl. 


roil  ml 


Various  Hoots. 

- 
* 
■ 

l>.  A  buadle  of  fusiform  or  tul-cr- 


Irt;  lM.fl 

I  i  um)  tiv  in  the 

..I  dur- 
III 

1  -."lit.  M 

I, 

root   ,.in  i  im\(ii 

(••••'i.  i.  it,  from 

I. 

■ 

.  - 
•  ■ 

i 

anything 
iwth,  <>r 
thing  re- 

I 

,:t    of    an    •  ■ 

•'..  \ 

•  ;ry  '  ■  ■ 

7 . 

itity  that,  taken  a  specified  number  of  times 
as  a  I  jive  another  quantity  called  its  power; 

The  quantity  that, 

rtituted  for  the  unknown  quantity  in  an  equa- 

-  .Uon.      [  <    AS.   rot,    <    I  o 

ro.ii  l.i.    .  mall  rool       r«H>t  Stock",  n.     1.  A 

llnal  aouroe;  origin     roofy,  I.  a.    I,  Pull 

II.  n   [Soldiers' slang.]  Bread. 

KiHit.  i.iiiiu      U  \ d  \-  "■  hi  lawyer  and  states- 

'      State,     1905-1909;     L".    S.    Senator, 

rope.  .  I  (roped1  ;  rop'inc.I    1.  To 

tie  up  or  unite  with  rope.    2.  To  enclose  or  border  with 
a  r  Iti  rn  0.  S  ]  To  catch  with  a  lasso.     4. 

3  j  To  rope  in;  inveigle.    5.  To  become  drawn 
out  '  '  to  a  filament  or  thread.     II.  n.     1.  A 

construction  of  twisted  fibers,  as  of  hemp,  cotton,  flax, 
to  form  a  thick  cord;  technically, 
a  cord  of  one  inch  or  more  in  diameter.    2.  A  collection 
.  or  united  in  a  line.    3.  A  slimy  or 
glutinous   filament    or   thread       (<    AS.    rdp,   rope.] — 
r..|»-  band  {JftttH    .  a  piece  of  spun-yarn  for  fastening  the 
head  of  a  sail  to  a  spar.  —  r.  ladder,  a  ladder  made  of  ropes 
or  with  rope  sides  and  wooden  or  other  rounds.  —  to   make 
ropes,  to  lay  snares.— rope' <danc"er,  n.  one  who  performs 
the  tight   rope.     r.«danr"lng,  n.  —  r.=maker,  n.     One 
who  is  engaged  In  the  manufacture  of  rope.  —  rop'er-y,  n. 
1.  A  ropewalk.    2t.  Roguery.—  r.«trlck,  n.    1.  Any  sleight' 
of 'hand  Ulck  performed  with  ropes.     2t.  A  trick  that  de- 
•  .alter      rope'walk",  n.     A  long  alley  formerly 
used  for  the  spinning  of  rope-yarn:  now  In  general  super- 
seded by  some  structure  using  Improved  machinery.— rop'y, 
a.  Thai  may  be  drawn  Into  threads,  usa  glutinous  substance; 
stringy      rop'l-l),  orfa. — rop'l-n. 
rorqual.  1  :■■:'■  .■*  al;  2  ror'kwal.  n.     A  whale  having  a  well- 
rOrJwal,  <  rOr,  reed,  +  htal, 
whale      An 'bark":, 
rciquc,  ;  •  \  form  of  croquet  as  played  by 

rts      ro-quet ',  it.   [net  ke (another  s 

.vlth  one's  OH  I        ro-i|iict ',  n.     The  act  of  roqueting. 
roi|U  'e-laure,  I  -■  r.'i-lor  or  -lor;  2  rGk'e-lar  or  -16r,  n.    A  form 
--.  by  men  In  I  'nry.     [Due  do 

Roqiuiaurt  J     roeklowt;  rok'i-la>:;  r<«ju'e-loJ. 

:   nVza:  2  ru'-a,  Sahator  (1615-1673).     An  Italian 
.cal  painter. 

K'l-.l  'ce-»,  1  rO-/  6-8,  fl     /,/       I',,, I      'I'he  ro-e 

family,  embracing  65  genera  and  nearly  1,200  species, 

Including   the  apple,    pear,    qumoe,    peach,   plum,   cherry, 

strawberry,  blackberry,  a  n>-sa'ce-an,  a.    1. 

-:;rig  to  the  Ho\aua     2.  Resembling  a  rose;  rosy.    ro- 

sa'reou-:.  [As  You  Like  It,  the  heroine. 

Ko-    i-llnd.  1   rnz'^-llnd;  2  ros'a-Ilnd.  n.     In  Shakespeare's 

K'.-    i-rnond,  1  roz'a-mand;  2  ros'a-mond.  The  Fair.     The 

nd,  whose  queen,  Eleanor, 

leged  to  have  caused  her  to  swallow  poison  (1 177?). 

Ro-sa'rl-o,  1  ro-sB'rt-o;  2  ro-aVrl-o,  n.    a  river  port  In  E. 

Argentine  Republic:  pop.  220.000. 
ro  -  i-ry,  1  ro'aa-n; 2 itrun ly, n.    [-tarn1, pi.]    1.  A  string 
of  b  "&&  count  of  devotions,  or  a  series  of 


I  i  o     not.  Ar;   full,  rftle;    I. lit.  I.ftrn; 


l!7S 


'.'.   \ 


I'hnplul  oi  sarlaudi 
i  tion  ,,i  literal  \    ieU«(  lions 


intod  l>j  tin  I 

i.  i  i  oollc 

•  'I     I"   'I    i't     I I  I  I     It         •        I 

Roa'cl-ua,   i  Uallui  Qulntusl      \ 

n  comic  a.tor  i       02   B    I  n  li  nd  ol  I  

Ko    •  i-in.                                       Igllah  hlstot  Ian  and  pool 
atoa'roe,                               »  llllani  ■  i . .. .   1831)      u  En 
rose,  l                                               I.  To  cause  to  blush;  red- 
den   'i.  To  perfume  «  lUi  or  as  »  m 

rose,  i  i.  \  hardj  ,  orcot,  oi  oliml bi  lib 

ol  numerou  w it h  rod-like,  priokl]     toms,  oi 

it-  Bowi  i  plants  oi  Bowi  i  i 

having  some  real  or  fancied  likoness  to  the  trui 
.1.  \  light  pinkish  orimson,  like  the  ooloi  ol  man] 

•  .  I  till  bloom;  Bush  I  ■  I  v"  ro  a,  rose.]  golden  rose 
i /.'  I  of  wrought  gold,  blessed  b}  the  Pope  and 
presented,  usually  to  s  Roman  Catholic  sovereign 

distinguished  b r     rose  ol   Bharon.     I.   In  Scripture 

ISoneofSoi  U,  1) ,  an  unknown  flower;  perhaps  the  autumn 
crocus  or  the  narclasu      :.    I  r/he  Syrian  hibiscus     rose 

wind  on,  a  circulars  Indow  filled  with  tracery,  called,  when 

this  takes  the  form  of  spol.es.  a  wheel  window,  under 
(he    rose.    In    strict    conlldence.    privately:    the  rose   being 

in  ancient  Bgypl  the  emblem  of  silence     ro'se-ate,  a,  of 

a  rose-color.  rosy,  rose' <liee"tle,  r..bng,  r. ■chafer,  n 
one  of  various   beetles   Injurious   to  roses      rose'bud",   n 

I.  The  bud  of  a  rose,   2.  a  young  gin.    r.ibush>n     trosi 

hearing    shrub    or    vine.      r.  cheeked,    ,;.       Saving    ruddj 

r. ■mallow,  n.    t.  The  blblscus.    2.  The  bolls 

boot       ro-setle',  /,.     An  ornament  or  badge,  as  of  rllihon, 

having  some  resemblance  to  a  rose     ro-set'ted,  a.  Orna- 
mented wlth,9or  arranged  in  the  form  of,  a  rosette     rose< 
water,  n      \  toilet  water  having  a  rose-iii.e  fragrance. 
rose 'wood",  n,  a  hard,  close>gTalnedl  dark-colored,  fragrani 

Brazilian  eal'lnet-wood. 

niM,        ,-   of  BIBB,  r. 

Kose'ber->,  1  roz'b;.r-i;  2  ro^'her-y.  Earl  or  (1847-  ). 
Archibald  Philip  Primrose,  an  English  statesman. 

Ko'se-crans,  1  nVzi-kran/,;  2  ro'se-craiis,  William  Starke 
(1819-1898).    An  American  major-general. 

rosc'ma-ry,  1  roz'me-n;  2  r6g'mA-ry,  n,     An  evergreen 
fragrant   shrub  of  the  mint  family,  with 
usually  blue  flowers.      [  <  L.  rus,  dew,  + 
martnus,  marine.] 

ru'se-o-,  prefix,  Rose-red.  [<  L.  roscus,  rosy.) 
— ro-se'o-la,  n.  A  rose-colored  rash  appear- 
ing on  the  skin.     rose'=rash"t. 

Ro-sef 'ta  stone,  1  ro-zefa;  2  ro-set'a.  A  tab- 
let of  basalt  containing  an  Inscription  In  two 

forms  of  Egyptian  hieroglyphics  and  In  Greek, 
found  near  Rosetta.  Egypt,  In  17W;  it  sup- 
plied the  key  to  the  ancient  Inscriptions  of 
Egypt.  ^--ilr^' 

Bosh  lla-sha'na,    1  rosTi  or  rosTi    ha-.<hu'na;        /&*' 
2  r6sh  or  r5sh  ha-sha'nii.     (Heb.)     The  Jew- 
Ish  New-year's  day;   literally,  "the  head  of    Rosemary 
the  year." 

Ro"s|-cru'clan,  1  ro"zi-[»r  roz-i-lkru'sTian;  2  r5*sl-[or  rog'l-]- 
eru'shan,  n.    One  claiming  or  reputed  to  be  a  member  of  a 

secret  society  of  occult  philosophers,  said  to  have  originated 
In  Germany  In  the  15th  century.  [<  L.  rosa.  rose,  i  cnu, 
cross  ]     Ro"sl-cru'clan,  a.—  Ro"sl-cru 'clan-Ism,  n. 

ros'l-l),  ros'l-ness.    See  rosy. 

rns'in,  1  roz'in;  2  r6s/in,  n.  Resin,  especially  that  re- 
maining after  the  distillation  of  oil  of  turpentine  from 
crude  turpentine.  [Yar.  of  besin.]  col'o-pho-nyi. — 
ros'lnsweed,  n.  A  coarse  perennial  herb  of  the  aster  fam- 
ily, with  copious  resinous  Juice,  growing  In  the  central  and 
western  United  States. — ros'ln-y,  u. 

Kos'l-naii  'te,  n.    Same  as  Rocinante. 

ros'ma-rlne1,  1  roz'ma-rln;  2  rO^'ma-rin,  n.  The  walrus, 
formerly  fabled  to  feed  on  dew.  [<  Dan.  rosmar,  <  Norw. 
lOor,   -     lee.  rn  inh  air,  walrus. I     ros'mert. 

ros'ma-rlnc2t,  n.    1.  Sea-dew.    2.  Rosemary, 

Ross,  l  ros;  2  rOs,  n.  1.  Sir  James  (1800-1862),  an  English 
antic  explorer;  discovered  the  north  magnetic  pole,  1831. 
•I.  Sir  John  (1777-1856),  a  Scottish  arctic  explorer;  uncle 
of  preceding. 

Ros-set'tl,  1  ro-set'i:  2  ro-set'l,  n.  1.  Christina  Georglna 
(1830-1895),  an  English  poet;  sister  of  Dante  Gabriel  '!■ 
Dante  Gabriel  (1828-1882), an  English  painter  and  poet. 

Kos-sj'ni,  l  ros-si'nI;2  ros-si'ni,  Gloacchlno  Antonio  (1792- 
1868).    An  Italian  composer. 

Ro'Stand',  1  ro'stoh';  2  ro'stiih',  Edmond  (1869-  ).  A 
I  ranch  dramatist  and  poet;  elected  to  the  Academy,  1901. 

ros'ler,  1  ros't&r;  2  rfis'ter,  n.  A  list  of  officers  and  men 
enrolled  for  duty  or  giving  the  order  in  which  they  come 
on  duty;  hence,  any  list  of  names.    [  <  D.  rooster,  list  J 

Ros'lock,  1  ros'tok;  2  r6s'tok,  n.  A  seaport  In  Mecklenburg- 
Bchwerin;  pop.  66,400 

ros'trum,  1  ros'trum;  2  ros'truin,  n.  [BOS'tbum8z  or 
-tra,  pi.]     1.  A  pulpit  or  platform:  hence,  public  orators 


*S 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  hablt£    aisle;    au  =  owt;    ell;     iu=feud;    tfhin;    go;    n  =  smff;    Chin,   this. 
679        2:  wolf,  dff;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,  burn;  dil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


root 
round 


collectively.  2.  pi.  [Only  in  the  form  rostra.]  Rom. 
Antiq.  The  orators'  platform  in  the  Roman  Forum: 
embellished  with  the  beaks  of  captured  ships.  3.  Anat. 
&  Zool.  A  beak  or  snout ;  a  beak-like  process  or  part.  4. 
One  of  various  beak-like  parts,  as  of  an  ancient  war- 
galley.  [  <  L.  rostrum,  beak.] — ros'tral,  a.  1.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  a  rostrum.  2.  Zool.  Having  a  rostrum,  or  beak- 
like  process;  beaked,  ros'tratet. 
Tos'y,  1  roz'i;  2  ros/y,  a.  [ros'i-er;  ros'i-est.]  1.  Like 
a  rose;  rose-red;  blooming;  blushing.  2.  Figuratively, 
bright,  pleasing,  or  flattering.  3.  Made  of  roses.  [  < 
AS.  rosig,  <  rose,  rose.) — ros'l-ly,  adv. — ros'i-ness,  n. 
rot,  1  rot;  2  rot.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [rot'ted1*;  rot'ting.]  1. 
To  make  or  become  rotten;  corrupt;  decay.  2.  To  in- 
duce or  suffer  from  the  disease  called  rot.  3.  To  become 
morally  rotten.  4.  To  perish  by  slow  degrees;  stagnate; 
waste  away.  Sim.:  see  decay;  putrefy. 
II.  «.  1.  That  which  is  rotten,  or  the  process  of  rotting. 
2.  (1)  Med.  A  wasting  disease,  as  of  the  lungs.  (2)  A 
parasitic  disease  affecting  sheep.  3.  A  form  of  decay  in 
plants,  caused  by  fungi  and  bacteria.  4.  [Slang.] 
Trashy  and  nonsensical  opinions  or  expressions;  twad- 
dle; bosh.  [<  AS.  rotian,  rot.] — rot'ten,  a.  1.  De- 
composed by  natural  process;  putrid.  2.  Unsound;  liable 
to  break.  3.  Untrustworthy;  treacherous.  4.  Afflicted  with 
the  rot,  as  sheep.  5.  Slang.  Worthless. — rot'ten-ly,  adv. — 
rot'ten-ness,  n. — rot 'ten-stone",  n.  A  soft,  friable  rock, 
used  as  a  polishing=material. 
ro'ta1, 1  ro'ta;  2  ro'ta,  n.  1.  A  roll  of  names,  giving  order 
of  duty;  a  roster.  2.  A  routine.  3.  A  wheel.  [L.,  wheel.] 
ro'ta2,  n.    A  medieval  musical  instrument  of  the  guitar  type. 

[LL.,  <  W.  crivlh,  fiddle.]    rotel;  rot'tat. 
ro'ta-ry,  1  ro'ta-n;  2  ro'ta-ry,  a.     Turning  around  its 
axis,  like  a  wheel,  or  so  constructed  as  to  turn  thus; 
having  some  part  that  so  turns.     [  <  L.  rota,  wheel.] 
ro'tate,  1  ro'tet;  2  ro'tat.    I.  vt.  &  vi.    [ro'tat-edh  ;  ro'- 
tat-ing.]    1.  To  turn,  or  cause  to  turn,  on  or  as  on  its 
axis,  as  a  wheel.     2.  To  alternate  or  change  about,  as 
crops,  office-holders,  etc.     II.  a.    1.  Wheel-shaped;  cir- 
cular, as  the  corolla  of  certain  flowers.    2.  Entom.  Form- 
ing a  circle  around  a  part,  as  spines  or  hairs.     [<  L. 
roto,  pp.  rotalus,  turn,  <  rota,  wheel.]    Syn.:  see  revolve. — 
ro'tat-ed,  pa.     1.  Turned  around.     2.  Rotate. — ro-ta'- 
<  ion,  ii     1.  The  act  or  state  of  rotating;  rotary  motion.    2. 
Change  by  alternation;  order  of  sequence;  as,  rotation  of 
crops  or  office. — ro-ta'tion-al,  a. — ro'ta-tlv(e3,  a.     Per- 
taining to  or  causing  rotation,    ro'ta-to-ryt. — ro-ta'tor,  n. 
rote1,  1  rot;  2  rot,  n.    Repetition  of  words  as  a  means  of 
learning  them,  with  slight  attention  to  the  sense.    [OF.] 
rote*,  n.    Same  as  rota2. 

rote3,  n.    The  roar  of  the  surf.    [Ult.  <  AS.  hrutan,  roar.) 
Roths'child,  1  refhs'Chaild  or  (G.)  rot'sTiilt;  2  roths'child  or 
(G.)  rot'shllt,  n.     A  family  of  Jewish  bankers  founded  in 
Frankfort*on-the-Maln  by  Mayer  Rothschild  (1743-1812). 
It  has  branches  in  Vienna.  London,  Paris,  etc. 
Bo-tlf'er-a,  1  ro-tif'ar-a;  2  ro-tlf'er-a,  n.  pi.     Helminth.     A 
division  of  microscopic  fresh-water  animalcules  with  rings 
of  cilia  which  in  motion  produce  a  wheel-like  erf  eft ;  wheel- 
animalcules.     [<   L.  rota,  wheel,  +  fero,  bear.]— ro'ti-fer, 
n.    One  of  the  Rotlfera. — ro-tif'er-al,  a.— ro-tif'er-an,  n. 
— ro-tlf'er-ous,  a.       [rotate.  [<  L.  rota,  wheel,  +  -form.] 
ro'tl-form,  1  ro'ti-f6rm;  2  ro'tl-form,  a.    Shaped  like  a  wheel; 
ro"tls"se-rle',  1  ro"Us"sa-ri';  2  ro"tis"se-ri',  n.    IF]  A  restau- 
rant where  patrons  select  uncooked  food  and  have  it  roasted 
and  served. 
rot'ten,  1  rot'n;  2  r6t'n,  a.  Characterized  by  decay.  See  rot,  n. 
Syn.:  carious,  corrupt,  decayed,  deceitful,  decomposed, 
defective,    fetid,    offensive,    putrefied,    putrescent,    putrid, 
tainted,  treacherous,  unsound.     See  had.     Compare  DECAY, 
r. — Ant.:  complete,  fresh,  healthful,  healthy,  perfect,  pure, 
sound,  sweet,  untainted,  wholesome. 
Rot'ter-dam,  1  ret'ar-dam;  2  r6t'er-dam,  n.    A  seaport  of 

the  Netherlands;  pop.  480,300. 
ro-tlind',  1  ro-tund';  2  ro-tund',  a.  1.  Rounded  out; 
spherical;  plump.  2.  Hence,  full»tODed,  as  a  voice  or 
utterance.  3.  Complete;  entire.  4.  Hot.  &  Entom.  Cir- 
cular, or  nearly  so;  orbicular.  [<  L.  rotunduB,  <  rota, 
wheel.]  Syn.:  see  round.  — ro-tun 'da,  n.  A  circular  build- 
ing or  hall,  surmounted  with  a  dome,  ro-fun'dot.— ro- 
luii'iii-i),  n.    1.  The  condition  of  being  rotund;  sphericity. 

2.  A  protuberance.     3||.  Sonorousness,      ri>-tund'iicssi. 

rou'ble,  1  rd'bl;2  ru'bl,  ».    Same  as  ruble. 

rou"e\  ]   rfi"e',  :>  nt"c'.  n.     A  sensualist;  debauchee.      [F.] 
Rou"en',  1  rQ'fln';  :.'  ru'an',  »      A  cathedral  city  In  Nor- 
mandy: ancient  capital  or  the  duchy;  scene  of  Hie  burning 
(jf  .loan  of  Arc;  pop.  126.000. 
rouge,  1   nV,;  2  ruzh.     I.  vt.  &  vi.     [ROUGED;  BOUO'lNG.] 

1.  To  tint,  as  the  face,  with  rouge;  apply  rouge,    2§. 
To  blush.     II,  a,     Red:   in  various   French   phrases. 

III.   it       I.   Any  cosmetic  for  coloring  the  skin  pink    "r 
r'''l      2.  A  red  iron  oeroxid  used  in  polishing  metal     ami 


glass.     [F.,    <  L.  rubeus,  ruby.]— -rouge" *et=noir',  1 

ru3"=e»nwar';  2  ruzh"-e-nwar',  n.  [F.]  A  gambling.game 
played  with  cards  on  a  table  containing  four  diamond- 
shaped  figures,  two  red  (rouge)  and  two  black  (noir) 
trente'=et-qua"rante't. 

rough',  X  1  ruf ;  2  ruf,  vt.  &  vi.   1.  To  make  rough;  roughen 

rufp,  J  2.  To  make  or  shape  roughly.  3.  [Colloq.]  To 
treat  or  behave  roughly;  vex. 

rough,  a.  1.  Having  an  uneven  surface;  having  small 
inequalities  on  the  surface;  not  smooth  or  polished; 
coarse;  shaggy;  shabby;  of  land  or  roads,  hilly  or  rocky; 
rugged;  broken;  uneven.  2.  Characterized  by  rude  or 
violent  action;  of  the  weather  or  the  sea,  boisterous  or 
tempestuous;  stormy.  3.  Unkind;  harsh.  4.  Unpol- 
ished; rude;  crude.  5.  Hastily  formed  or  done;  un- 
finished; approximate;  general.  6.  Harsh  to  the  ear; 
grating;  jarring;  inharmonious.  7.  Puckering  to  the 
palate;  astringent.     8.  Or.  Gram.  Aspirated. 

Syn.:  coarse,  craggy,  harsh,  jagged,  ragged,  rude,  rugged, 
shaggy,  uneven,  unfinished,  unhewn,  unpolished.  See  awk 
ward;  bluff.— Ant.:  bland,  even,  glossy,  level,  plain,  pol- 
ished, sleek,  smooth.  [  <  AS.  run,  rough.]  -ly,  adv.  -ness, 
n.— rough '=cast",  n.  1.  Coarse  plaster.  2.  A  rude  model. 
— r.sdraft<i,  vt.  To  make  a  rough  or  unfinished  draft  of; 
design  or  sketch  hastily,  or  incompletely,  as  a  plan  or  dis- 
course.— redraw,  vt.  To  draw  in  a  rude  or  hasty  manner. 
— r.sdry,  vt.  To  dry  without  ironing,  as  washed  clothes.— 
rough 'en,  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  or  become  rough. — r.shew,  vt. 
To  hew  or  shape  roughly  or  irregularly.— r.srlder,  n.  One 
skilled  in  breaking  broncos  or  used  to  dangerous  feats  in 
horsemanship;  specifically,  the  popular  name  of  the  1st  U.S. 
Volunteers  in  the  Spanish-American  war  of  1898.— rough '- 
shod",  a.  Shod  with  rough  shoes  to  prevent  slipping,  as  a 
horse:  figuratively, in  the  phrase  to  ride  roughshod  (over), 
to  act  overbearingly. 

rough1,  n.  1.  A  crude,  incomplete,  or  rough  condition: 
with  definite  article;  as,  formed  in  the  rough.  2.  A  gen- 
eral or  uncritical  view.  3.  A  spike  for  insertion  in  a 
horseshoe,  to  prevent  slipping,    [rowdy.  [For  ruffian.] 

rough2,  n.     A  low,  rude,  and  violent  fellow;  a  ruffian; 

rou'iade',  1  ru"15d';  2  ru"lad'.  n.  1.  Mus.  A  run  of  short 
notes;  also,  a  roll  or  flourish,  as  on  a  drum.  2.  A  dish  made 
of  slices  of  beef  rolled  with  bacon  and  steamed.    [F.] 

rou"leau',  1  ru"lo';  2  ru"lo',  n.    1.  A  roll,  as  of  coins  in  paper. 

2.  Millinery.  A  roll  of  ribbon  or  the  like.    [F.] 
rou-Iette',  1  ru-let';  2  ru-16t',  n.    1.  A  game  played  at  a 

table  divided  into  numbered  and  colored  spaces,  and 
having  in  the  center  a  rotating  disk  on  which  a  ball  is 
rolled  until  it  drops  into  one  of  the  spaces,  the  player 
winning  if  he  has  staked  his  money  on  that  space  or  its 
color.  2.  An  engravers'  disk  of  tempered  steel,  as  for 
tracing  points  on  a  copperplate;  also,  a  draftsmen's 
wheel  for  making  dotted  lines.  [F.,  dim.  of  OF.  route, 
wheel,  <  L.  rotnlus;  see  roll,  n.] 

Roum.,  abbr.    Roumanian. 

Rou-ma'nI-a,  1  ru-me'm-a;  2  ru-m5'ni-a,  n.  A  kingdom  of 
S.  E.  Europe;  53,489  sq.  m.;  pop.  7,508,000  (1915);  capi- 
tal, Bucharest;  declared  independent  of  Turkey,  1878;  pro- 
claimed a  kingdom,  188 1 ;  occupied  by  Austro-Cerman  armies 
since  Sept.,  1916.— Rou-ma'nl-an,  a. 

round",  1  round;  2  round,  w.  I.  t.  1.  To  make  round; 
give  a  curved  form  to.  2.  To  travel  or  go  around; 
circle  about.  3.  To  bring  to  completion,  especially  in 
a  fit  manner;  fill  out  roundly  or  gracefully:  often  fol- 
lowed by  out.  4.  Naut.  To  haul:  with  down,  in,  etc. 
5||.  To  encircle  with  something;  surround.  II.  i.  1.  To 
become  round,  as  by  growth  or  increase.  2.  To  reach 
completion  or  maturity.     3.  To  go  through  a  circuit. 

4.  To  turn  about. — round 'ing,  pa.  &  n. 

round  i ,  vt.  &  vi.  To  whisper;  speak  secretly,  rount;  rounef. 

round,  a.  1.  Having  such  a  contour  that  a  section  in 
some  direction  will  be  circular  or  approximately  so;  cir- 
cular, spherical,  or  cylindrical.  2.  Having  a  curved  con- 
tour or  surface;  not  angular  or  flat;  convex  or  concave. 

3.  Liberal;  ample;  large;  as,  a  good  round  fee.  4. 
Easy  and  free,  as  in  motion;  brisk;  as,  a  round  pace. 

5.  Of  full  cadence;  well-balanced;  full-toned.  6.  Made 
without,  reserve;  bold;  outspoken;  as,  a  round  assertion. 

7.  Open;  just;  honorable.    8.  Returning  to  the  point  of 

departure.      !).    Passing  through  the  same  or  like  series 

of  mutations;  as,  the  round  year,  10.  Free  from  frac- 
tions; notexact  in  the  smaller  denominations;  espeoially, 
evenly  divisible  by  10;  us,  round  numbers  11.  Iran 
(l)  Semicircular;  as,  ,-i  round  arch,     [2)  Characterised 

by  the   round  :ireh;  as,   the  round  Style.      [<   OK.   &   V. 

rond,  <  i..  riitniiiiii\.      rota,  wheel.] 
Syn.:  circular,  curved,  curvilinear,  cylindrical,  globose, 

globular,  orbed,  orbicular,  plump,  rotund,  spherical,  sphe- 
roidal see  hum  Ant.;  angular,  conical,  cubical,  Oat, 
polygonal,  quadrangular,  quadrilateral,  rectangular,  square, 


run  n. I 

ru<- 


I         I                                               I             '                                  tt.tr;   full,  rule;   I. lit.  I>0rn; 
'  •  >  I  •      I  i  1  on.  B.SO 


n.1. 


I. 


ll  II 


r     lower, 

ir  plan, 

round  band   .  I  band- 

round 

:     ■      -      \  round  build- 

r.    -Iioiihl,  red. 

the  shoulders  stooping 

.     i 


.g  round,  a-  a  gl. .I.e.  riiu;.  or  CJ  lin- 
I  the  thigh  ni  :i  beef, 


round  i  —  1 1  . 

r. .11  ml    worm". 

round  I.  - 

iute;  circuit ;  beat:  often  /'/ 

•'•   '■  current 

r  order, 

«  -  in  :i  same  "r 

."•.    \  .  r  exp 

:.  manj  join     6.  A  short  melody  taken 

.  roundel  .t  rounde- 

n.ii  .In    |    r.i  1. 1   .      7.    './i'      !       In  offii 

mmonly 

ammunition. 

I.  •  being  carved 

:i  drawing  aa 

pture:  in  tin-  phrase  "from  tin' 

round*  man.  s  |     A   police 

il  patrolmen. 

ruiiii'l.  i  .-.  i     2.  With  a  rotating 

'■■  ircuit ;  more  or  less 

o  to  person  or  point  to  point. 

roiiinl.  ■'.  or  nearly  so;  in  such  a 

mat.  illy  equivalent  to 

round 'a-lHiut".     I.  a      <   in-iin . .11-^ :  Indirect.     II.  n.     1. 
•  reaching  to  tin-  waist;  :i  Jacket       .'.    . 
ind. 
mini  ili-Li).  1  raun'di-le;  2  roun'de-lfi,  n.     1.  A  simple 

th  a  recurrent 
:.  lerformed  m  a  circle. 

Tond,  round.]    roun 'del:. 
Ko.jinl  'head",  1  raund'hed";  2  round'hed*.  n.    A  met 
a  England  in  tin-  civil  war 
so  called  from  their  close-cropped  hair,  tin  Cavaliers 
--  long, 
roiiml'iup",   1   raund'«up";  2  round'-up".     I.   tl.     To 
.  round-up.     II.  n.     1.  Herding.  The  bring- 
.-  for  branding  or  selection;  the 
.  -o  collected,  or  t!.  employed  in 

driving  together  of  animals  in  hunt- 
!■  [cry]    roop'y;. 

roup).  1  rQij'j.  2  rup'y.  a.    Scot.)  Hoarse.     l<  AS.  hrop,  a 
roun  'dun-  .■      Same  as  bondubb. 

roose,  1  raus;  2  roc  jed; BODS'nro.]    I.  f.    1.  To 

tartle  or  drive  from  cov.-r;  excite  to 
igorous  thought  or 
■'■■    .  rcibly;  agital 

II.         .  rt;  In-  excited, 

night  or  action.     [<  Sw.  ruxn,  rush.] 
Syr.  roos'er,  n. 

rou-i   ■;,   .      In  awakening  for  action. 

l  '  .  1  draft  of  liquor;  a  bump 

B*as"sean',  '.   -.  Jean  Jacques     171 J    177s 

A  i  -  nd  author, 

rou-i  .       -  I  i        rouse  and 

ll 
roast '  i-i.i.ut ".  |  •  fa-bout* ,  n.  'i     -    .-. 

■'..  ck-hand;    al 
roll  -.  •  i-bout"    ;  roust  'it:. 

rout1,  J  rout;  2  rout      I.  I.   ,  at  disastrously; 

:.  I  o  drive  or  drag  forth  forcibly,  a-  from 
hi  line:  commonly  wit  II.         ].    \   disorderly 

and  overwhelms  ■  -  -       Z.  A  disorderly 

assemblage;  rah1  :.  of  the  public 

i 
*•'•-•  ud  social  gathering,     ~>  ■ 

;    .r  herd  of  animal--,  a-  a  pack  of  wolves.      \  ^  OF. 
<  L.  rupiu.t.  pp.  of  rumpn,  break  ]     Syn.:  (v 
rout    i.k. ". 
formerly  eaten  at  routs  and  similar  .social  gatbi  r  rowtt. 


roui    .        i.        i.  r i  up  ,,r  out  .  turn  up  with  the 

ig     '!.    \l.  i.    To  .  ui  i,\  soooping  oi 
roui  'it ; .     ;i.    i 
\  i.  «  'ting;  turn  up:  with  out     ll.  ,      i .. 

i ■.  l  mi.  L' mi     I.    -      u>  dispatch  or  send  by  a  cei 

t.-uii  route,  Is,  etc      II.  I 

road,  or  way  taken  in  pc  one  point  to  anothei 

■  i      !  •    i  >i    rouU .  waj , 

i  dad;  »  n 

rou-Une',  l  rtl  tin';  8  ry-tln',  \  detailed  method  of 

lure,   regularly  followed;  prescribed  or  habitual 

1    oi    action       '  'l    .   dj i    rout* :   see    sot  1 1  1 

Syn:  see  HABIT       roll   I  l-n.i-r>  .  nui-lln. 

row  .   1   ■  B  rfiv,  I      [BOVBD;  ROV'INO.]     I.  I      To  roam 

through,  or  about.     II.  i    To  wander  from  place 
to  pis  pass,  or  move  without  any  definite  point 

In    Mi  I  l:  .Ul'l  I        w  \SHH1 

rm«-  .  I.     |  I)  To   join   and   elongab  . 

number  ol  slivers  from  a  carding«machine,  bj  passing 
tin  -n  i  between  one  or  more  pairs  ol  rollers  (2)  To  pa  ■ 
through  an  eye     (3)  To  draw  into  thread;  ravel  out     '!. 

To  turn  down  with  a  1 ked  fiat  tool  bobs  to  n 

duce  the  diamet*  i  grindstone  |  -    i .  ■ 

row-  .        The  act  of  roving  or  roaming;  a  ramble, 

rove  .1.  I    slightly  twisted  wool,  cotton, 

flax,  jute,  or  -ilk  slivi-r  2.  \  metal  ring  for  use  in 
clinching  a  nail  in  boat'build 

r»»  'it,  l  rov',.r;  2  rovVr.  ;/.    l.  One  wlm  roves;  a  wan- 
derer.   2.  A  pirate,  or  pirate  vessel.    S.  Croquet.  A  hall 
thai   has  been   through  all  the  arches  and  has  only 
rike  the  final  stake  to  go  out.    [■    D    Dover,  robber.] 

rm\  .  l  ro;  2  rfi,  tt.  &  w  1.  To  propel  on  the  surface  oi 
the  water,  as  a  boat,  with  oars  ?.  To  laboi  with  tin- 
oar;  be  transported  by  means  of  oars.-  row  Vr,  n. 

run   .  1  run;  2  row,  Vt.    To  engage  In  a  row  or  brawl. 
row  .  roll. 

row  .        A.  trip  in  a  rowboat;  also,  a  turn  at  the  oars.    [< 
m  ;     row 'boat",  n     \  boat  for  propulsion  by 

oars       row   lock.  n.     Any  device  in  which  an  oar  plays. 

row  .         \n  arrangement  of  things  in  a  line;  a  rai 

[<  AS.  raw,  line.] 
row3,  1  rati;  2  row,  n.     A  noisy  disturbance  or  quarrel; 

dispute;   brawl;   hence,   any   disturbance.     [Abbr.    < 

koi-i-  row'ily,  n.  [row'diks'.  pj  ]  One  inclined  to 
create  disturbances;  a  rough. — row'dy-lsh,  a.  row'dyj. — 
row  'dy-lsni,  n. 

row 'an,  1  rO'an  or  rau'an;  2  rO'an  or  row'an,  n.  The  moun- 
tain-ash, or  Its  fruit.  (<  Old  Bw.  roun,  mountain-ash.] 
ro'an:. — row  'an  =  ber"ry,  n.  The  fruit  of  the  rowan.— r.« 
tree,  n.    Same  as  rowan. 

row'ol,  1  rou'el;  2  row'el.  I.  rf.  [row'eled  or  -elleo; 
row  'i.l-im.  or  -ei.-ling]  1.  To  prick  with  a  rowel; 
spur.  2.  To  attach  or  apply  a  rowel  to.  II.  n.  1.  A 
spiked  or  toothed  wheel,  as  on  a  spur;  also,  the  spur  so 
furnished.  2.  Vet.  Surij.  A  hair  or  .silk  thread  passed 
through  a  horse's  skin,  to  facilitate  the  discharge  of  pus. 
[<   L.ll^oi  rlJta,  wheel  J 

row'en,  1  rau'en;  2  row 'en,  n.    A  second  cutting  of  hay; 

math.    [For  roughings,  <  bough,  o.] 
Kow  'lej,  1  mu'h;  2  row'ly.  Thomas.     A  fictitious  priest  of 

tol,  to  whom  Chatterton  ascribed  his  own  poems. 
ro>  'al,  1  rei'el;  2  roy'al.     I.  a.     1.  Pertaining  to  a  mon- 
arch; kingly     ''..  i  ndei  the  patronage  or  authority  of  a 

king,  or  connected  with  a  monarchical  form  of  govern- 
ment. 3.  Like  a  king;  princely;  regal.  4.  Of  superior 
quality   or    size;    as,   royal    octavo.     5.   Surpa 

int  or  fine;  as,  we  hud  aroyoZtime.  II.  n.  1. 
A  size  of  paper,  10  V  21  for  writing,  20  X  -'-r>  for 
printing,  'i.  Soul.  A  sail  next  above  the  topgallant- 
sail,  used  in  a  light  breeze.  [F.,  <  L.  regalis;  see  regal] 
Syn.:  sec  hii-kiiim.;  K3NGL.1  roy'al-lsm,  n.  Adherence  to 
tin-  principles  or  cause  of  royslt]  TOJ  'al-lst,  n.  A  sup- 
porter  of  a  royal  dynasty  r<>>  'al-ly,  adv. — roy'al-mast", 
n.  The  section  of  a  masi  next  above  the  topgallants 
ro>  'al-t>,  n.  [-ties*,  pi  }  1.  Royal  rank,  birth,  or  lineage; 
regal  authority;  sovereignty.  2.  a  royal  personage;  royal 
:.  ■   of  proceeds  paid,  as  to  an 

author  or  inventor,  by  t  hose  doing  business  under  some  right 
belonging  to  him,    4.  a  tax  or  seigniorage  paid  to  the  crown, 
the  produce  of  royal  ;old  and  silver  coln- 

•  .,n  or  domain;  hence,  domain  or 

province  in  general.    6t.  Emblems  ol  royalty;  regalia. 

ICo>cc,  l  roH;  2  r.V.-c.  Joslafa  (1855  L916)  Mi  American 
educator  and  phlln  ■.,///,,  imiinUual. 

roync+,  roynlsht,    Same  as  boin,  roinish. 

K.  P.,  nhhr.     Reformed  Presbyterian,  Regius  Professor,  res- 
republlc.) — R.  P.  E.,  aVbr.    Keform.-d  Protes- 
tant Episcopal      r.  p.  m.,  ohhr .    Revolutions  per  minute. — 
R.  P.  O..  obor.    Railroad  Post»ofnc.-.     rpt.,  ajfir,     Kcpori 


1: a  =  final;    I  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  fered;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  aing;    fhin,   this. 
681         2:  wolf,  dfi;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


round 
rue 


—  B.  B.,  abbr.  Railroad,  Right  Reverend.— B.  S.,  abbr. 
Recording  Secretary. — r.  s.,  abbr.  Right  Side. — rs.,  abbr. 
Rupees.  —  B.  S.  S.,  abbr.  [L.]  Regis  Societatis  Socius 
(Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society).— B.  S.  V.  P.,  abbr.  [F.) 
Repondez,  s'il  vous  plait  (answer,  if  you  please). — Bt.  Hon., 
abbr.  Right  Honorable. — Bt.  Rev.,  abbr.  Right  Rever- 
end.— Bu.,  abbr.    Runic. 

rub,  1  rub;  2  rub,  v.  [rubbed;  rub'bing.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
move  or  pass  over,  or  cause  something  to  move  or  pass 
over  the  surface  of  with  friction  and  pressure.  2.  To 
cause  (something)  to  move  or  pass  with  friction;  cause 
to  graze,  grate,  or  scrape;  also,  to  apply  with  frictional 
movement.  3.  To  polish,  burnish,  or  brighten  by  fric- 
tion ;  hence,  colloquially,  to  make  clear  or  familiar  again, 
as  by  reviewing:  usually  with  up;  as,  to  rub  up  one's 
Latin.  4.  To  remove  or  erase  by  friction:  with  off 
or  out.  5.  Figuratively,  to  affect  in  disposition  or  feel- 
ings; as,  to  rub  against  the  grain.  6.  To  take  an  impres- 
sion of  (a  coin,  inscription,  or  the  like)  by  friction,  as  on 
paper;  copy  or  reproduce  by  friction.  II.  i.  1.  To 
move  along  the  surface  of  a  body  with  friction  and 
pressure;  scrape;  graze.  2.  To  get  along  or  advance 
with  difficulty.  3.  To  produce  a  mental  effect,  espe- 
cially a  harsh  one;  grate.  [Cp.  Gael,  rub,  rub.]  Syn.:  see 
cancel;  weak.    Compare  friction. 

rub,  n.  1.  A  subjection  to  frictional  pressure;  rubbing. 
2.  Something  that  rubs;  a  disturbing  fact  or  considera- 
tion; a  hindrance;  cause  of  uneasiness. 

rub'a-dub",  1  rub'a-dub";  2  rub'a-dub",  re.  The  sound  of  a 
drum  when  beaten;  hence,  any  clatter.    [Imit.] 

ru-ba'l,  1  ru-ba'I;  2  ru-ba'I,  re.  [ru"bai-yat',  1  ru"bai-yat'; 
2  ru"bl-yat',  pi.]  [Per.]  A  Persian  quatrain  or  epigram  or  a 
composition  in  imitation  thereof. 

rub'ber,  1  rub'ar;  2  rub'er.  I.  o.  Made  of  india=rubber. 
II.  re.  1.  Caoutchouc  or  india=rubber.  2.  Anything 
used  for  rubbing,  erasing,  polishing,  etc.  3.  An  article 
made  of  india=rubber,  as  an  elastic  band;  specif,  in  the 
plural  [U.  S.],  india=rubber  overshoes.  4.  One  who  or 
that  which  rubs.  5.  The  odd  or  decisive  game  in  a  se- 
ries, or  such  series  collectively. 

rub  'bish,  1  rub'isTi ;  2  rub'ish,  n.  Waste  refuse,  or  broken 
matter;  trash:  used  also  figuratively.  [<  OF.  robous, 
dim.  of  robe;  see  robe.]  rub'baget.— rub'bish-y,  a. 
Worthless;  without  value,    rub'bish-lng}. 

rub'ble,  1  1  rub'l;  2  rub'l,  n.     1.  Rough  pieces  of  broken 

rub'lp,  )  stone;  also,  any  collection  of  broken  fragments, 
as  of  tioe=ice  2.  Masonry  built  of  irregular  stone. 
rub'ble-work"J. 

ru"be-fa'clent,  1  ru"bi-fe'sTient:  2  ru'be-fa'shent.  I.  a. 
Causing  redness,  as  of  the  skin.  II.  re.  A  medicament  for 
producing  irritation  of  the  skin.  [  <  L.  rube/ado,  ppr.  rube- 
facient-) s,  <  rubeo,  be  red,  +  faclo,  make.] — ru"be-fa'- 
elence,  re.— ru"be-fac'tion,  re. 

ru-bel'la,  1  ru-bel'a;  2  ru-bel'a,  n.  Pathol.  A  contagious  erup- 
tive fever  intermediate  between  scarlatina  and  measles. 
[<  L.  rubellus,  reddish,  dim.  of  ruber,  red.]  German  mea- 
slest.  [Flemish  painter. 

Bu'bens,  1  ru'benz;  2  ru'beng,  Peter  Paul  (1577-1640).    A 

ru-bes'cent,  1  ru-bes'ent;  2  ru-bes'6nt,  o.  Becoming  red; 
reddening.  [  <  L.  rubexco,  grow  red.] — ru-bes'cenec,  n. 

Bu'bl-eon,  1  ru'bi-kon;  2  ru'bi-e6n,  re.  A  river  in  Tuscany; 
20  m.  to  the  Adriatic.  It  separated  Caesar's  province  of 
Gaul  from  Italy,  and  by  crossing  it  underarms  lie  coin  mil  led 
himself  to  a  war  with  Pompey;  hence,  to  cross  tbe  Bubi- 
con,  to  be  committed  definitely  to  some  course  of  action. 

rU'bi-CUIld,  1  ru'bi-kund;  2  ru'bi-eimd,  a.     Red,  or  in- 
clined to  redness;  rosy.    [  <  L.F  rubicundus,  red.] 
— ru"hi-cun'dl-ty,  re. 

ru-bld'I-um,  1  ru-bid'i-um;  2  ru-bld'i-um,  re.  Chem.  A  soft 
silvery-white  metallic  clement.  See  element.  [  <  L.  rubi- 
dus,  red.] 

ru-bl'fro,  1  ru-bai'go  or  -bl'gO;  2  ru-bi'go  or  -WgO,  re.  Rust  or 
rusty  mildew  on  plants.     [L.,   <  rubeo,  be  red. I 

Bu'bln-steln,  1  nVbm-stoln;  2  ru'bin-stin,  Anton  Gregor 
(1829-1894).     A  Husslan  pianist  and  composer. 

ru'bl-ous,  1  ru'bi-us;  2  ru'hl-us,  <i.     Itrd;  ruby-colored. 

rn'ble,  1  rtt'bl;  2  ru'bl,  n.  The  Russian  monetary  unit ;  a  sil- 
ver coin  worth  about  77  cents,  or  a  paper  note  worth  about 
51  cents.    [<  Ruh.  rubll.\ 

ru'brlc,  1  ru'bnk;  2  ru'brie.  I.  rt.  |iu  'hkiikki)1;  eh  '- 
bhick-inqJ  1.  To  make  a  rubric  or  liturgical  rule  con- 
cerning. 2.  To  rubricate,  II.  ".  I.  Hod  or  reddish  in 
color.  2.  Dial inguished  by  being  marked  in  red.  III.  n . 
1.  A  liturgical  direction  or  rule,  as  in  a  prayei  book  (for- 
merly written  or  printed  in  red).  2.  Liturgical  or  other 
rules  collectively;  hence,  any  direction  or  rule  oi  con- 
duct. 3.  A  distinguishing  Sourish  or  mark  after  a  per- 
son's signature.     41!.  Kcd  ocher  or  chalk;  t  b<-  color  red. 

I-    L.i  rubrica,  red  earth.]    ru'brl-cal,  a.     ru'brl-cal-ly, 

adv.  According  to  rubric;  punctiliously,  ru 'hrl-cate,  vl. 
[-CAT"El>d;  -CAT"IN(;.|     I.  To  mark  or  lint  with  red;  Illumi- 


nate with  red,  as  a  book.  2.  To  furnish  with  a  rubric  or 
rubrics;  arrange  in  permanent  form. — ru'brl-cate,  a. 
Marked,  written,  or  printed  in  red.  ru'brl-coset. 
ru'by,  1  ru'bi;  2  ru'by.  Lot.  [ru'bied;  ru'by-ing.]  To 
redden;  make  like  or  of  the  color  of  a  ruby.  II.  a.  Per- 
taining to  or  like  a  ruby;  being  of  a  rich  crimson.  III.  re. 

I.  A  transparent  gem=stone  of  a  deep=red  color,  usually 
a  variety  of  corundum,  as  the  oriental  ruby,  but  some- 
times a  variety  of  spinel,  as  the  almandine,  balas,  and 
spinel  rubies.  2.  Any  gem  of  great  value.  3.  A  rich 
red  like  that  of  a  ruby.  4.  Something  like  a  ruby  in 
color.  5.  A  jewel  in  a  watch.  6.  (1)  A  ruby=colored 
humming«bird.  (2)  The  red  bird  of  paradise.  7.  [Eng.] 
Print.  A  size  of  type  used  as  the  equivalent  of  agate. 
[<  L.LL+F  rubeus,  red,  <  rubeo,  be  red.] — ru 'by-throat", 
re.  A  North-American  humming-bird,  having  in  the  male  a 
gorget  of  brilliant  metallic  red. 

ruche,  1  rush;  2  ruch,  n.  A  quilted  or  ruffled  strip  of  fine 
fabric,  worn  about  the  neck  or  wrists  of  a  woman's  cos- 
tume. [F.]  rouehej. — ruch'ing,  n.  Material  for 
ruches;  ruches  collectively. 

rucks  1  ruk;  2  ruk,  v.  [Prov.]  1. 1.  1.  To  wrinkle;  rumple.  2. 
To  annoy;  ruffle.    II.  i.    To  become  wrinkled  or  ruffled. 

ruck1,  re.  [Prov.]  A  wrinkle,  crease,  or  ridge,  as  in  cloth  or 
paper;  a  wrinkled  place.    [  <  Ice.  Iirukka,  wrinkle.] 

ruck?,  1  ruk;  2  ruk,  re.  [Prov.]  The  common  herd  or  run;  a 
crowd;  also,  trash;  rubbish.     [<  O.  Sw.  ruka,  heap.] 

ruc-ta'tion§,  1  ruk-te'slian;  2  rue-ta'shon,  re.  Same  as  eruc- 
tation. 

ruc'tion,  1  ruk'slian;  2  ruc'shon,  n.  [Slang.]  A  riotous  out- 
break; quarrel;  uproar.     [Cor.  of  eruption.] 

ru'das,  1  ru'das;  2  ru'das.  [Scot.]  I.  a.  Bold:  masculine; 
coarse;  as,  a  rudas  wife.    II.  n.    A  coarse  old  woman. 

Bud-beck 'i-a,  1  rud-bek'i-a;  2  rud-bSk'i-a,  re.  Bol.  A  genus 
of  North-American  herbs  of  the  aster  family — the  cone- 
flowers — with  alternate  simple  or  compound  leaves  and 
showy  yellow  heads.     [  <  Olaus  Rudbeck,  Swedish  botanist.) 

rudd,  1  rud;  2  rud,  n.  A  European  fresh-water  fish, 
olive-brown  with  red  fins.     [  <  AS.  rudu,  redness.] 

rud'der,  1  rud'ar;  2  riid'er,  re.    A  broad  flat  device  hinged 
vertically  at  the  stern  , 
of  a  vessel  to  direct  its 
course;      hence,      any- 
thing   that    guides    or 
that  directs    a    course. 
[<     AS.    rother,    oar.] — 
rud'der=chain",  re.    One  of  two  chains 
attached  to  a  rudder  to  manage  or  con- 
trol it. — r.  shorn,  re.     A  forked  iron  on 
the  back  of  a  rudder,  to  which  rudder* 
chains  are  attached. 

rud'dle,  1  rud'l;  2  rud'l.  I.  vl.  To 
work  or  stain  with  red  ocher;  color  red. 

II.  re.  A  variety  of  red  ocherous  iron  ore. 
[<  AS.  rudu,  redness.]    red'dlej. 

rud 'dock,  1  rud'ak;  2  riid'ok,  re.  [Eng] 
1.  The  European  robin.  2t-  A  red 
variety  of  apple.    [<  AS.  rudu.  redness.] 

rud'dy,  a.  [rud'di-er;  rud'di-est.] 
Tinged  with  red;  having  a  healthy 
glow;  rosy.  [  <  AS.  rudi,  <  rudu,  red- 
ness.]   Syn.:  see  fresh.— rud  'dl-ly,  adv. 

rude,  1  rud;  2  rud,  a.  [rud'er;  rud'est]  1.  Hough  or 
abrupt;  severe  or  tempestuous;  offensively  blunt  or  un- 
civil. 2.  Characterized  by  lack  of  polish  or  refinement ; 
uncultivated;  uncouth.  3.  Unskilfully  made  or  done. 
4||.  Barbarous;  savage,  5.  Lowly;  rustic;  unknown.  [F., 
<  L.  rudis,  rough.]  Syn.:  see  barbarous;  BLUFF ;  impudent; 
rough;  rustic;  vulgar,  rude'ly,  adv. — rude'ness,  ».  1. 
The  state  or  quality  of  being  rude.  2.  A  rude  action.  Syn.: 
sec  impudence.  -rudes'byt,re.  An  ill-bred  boor.  [<rude.] 

ru'di-ment,  1  ru'di-ment  or  -mant;  2  ru'di-ment,  re.  1. 
A  first  principle,  step,  stage,  or  condition.  2.  That 
which  is  as  yet  undeveloped  or  only  partially  developed; 
a  rudimentary  part,  organ,  etc. ;  a  germ;  vestige.  [F.,  < 
L.  rudimenlum,  first  attempt,  beginning]  ru"dl-mcn  '- 
ta-rl-ly,  adv.  rii"dl-meii'la-rl-iiess,  n.  ru"<ll-nien'- 
ta-ry,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  of  the  nature  of  a  rudiment, 
■j.  Being  <>r  remaining  in  an  imperfectly  developed  Btate; 
germinal;  undeveloped;  abortive,    ru"dl-men'talt. 

Bu'dolph,  1  rfi'delf;  :i  ru'dolf,  ».  1-  B.  !•■  «f  Bapsburg 
(iL'is  i -Jin  i. emperor  of  Germany;  founder  of  the  present 

k  lining  house  of  Austria.      2.  it.  II.  (1552    l(i  12),  emperor 

of  Germany;  persecuted  Protestants, 

rue,  lru;2ru,  vl.  &  vi.  |m  ed;ru'ing.]  To  have  cause  to 
be  sorry  for;  feel  remorse;  grieve;  pity.  I<  AS.  hreO 
wan,  grieve.]  Syn.:  see  mourn  rue'fuva.  1.  Feeling  or 
cnnsinr.  sorrow,  regret,  or  pity;  deplorable;  sorrowful.  2. 
Expressing  sorrow  or  pity.    -ly.  adv.    -ncss,  n. 

rue,  n     I.  a  small  bushy  herb  with  bitter  leaves,  formerlj 

miiili  used  In  medicine  for  ;!  Imulal  bu:  cKccls:  formerly  also 


1.  RudderofaSall- 
boat.  2.  Rudder 
of  a  Single-screw 
Motor-boat. 

r.  r,  ruil.lrre;  »,  BOrow. 

-rud'dl-ness,  re. 


rwtT 
ru-r 


ruiT 


I  I  I  I  i  0     not.  Or;   full.  rule;   but,  bOrn; 

.  what.  ,«  .  I  iii  i  .1     ,iii.  Or,  won, 


m 


.  Vd  Infusion  ii 

.    rtir  1 


» 


raffed, 

frill. 

TutT  .  f    1  tiro- 

r .  i  fT.     .   nil    [iii    .   -Irlpeil 


til. i<  Mill    | 

~i pen  ii 

rutT  .1  ..:   of   a    trump   upon 

■  that  suit     '1.  \n  old 
(■or  of  whist      l  ■;    it    ronfa,  game  :it 

ui",  n.\ 
mi  ii-. in.  I.        Of,  pertaining  to, 

II.  \  1  rutal   fellow; 

|     ruf'ti-au-lMii, 
iii-l>  .  ruf  tl-.in-l-h  :;  ruf  'tl-au  dike"- 

rill   Iii.  2    raPl.    r.      [uri'lMHi,    Bl 

ruf  I  .  ii.        make  into  or  furnish  with 

i  ruff  or  ruffle     %%  To  disarrange; 

I.    .  : .  irrit at.- ;  \  II. 

I.  lisorderetL    8.  To  become  vexed 

rumple.] 

ruf  ii.     .  act  In  a  rough  or 

turr   .  wr;    bluster.      [<    MI),   roffelen, 

rufflir.        »  iilent  fellow;  a  braggart. 

ruf  ii'  it  the  ruffle  upon,  as  on  a  drum. 

ruf 'Hi   .  .  .:  ;.  ■      1.  a  plaited  strip;  trill,  as  for 

■  bing  of  similar  : i t ►- 

•  iry  discomposure,    8.  A  ripple. 

rnf'ili  .  tinuoua  beat  of  the  drum,  as  at 

ind.]  [  <  I.,  rufv 

rafwu,  1  '.:    -.2  ru/fos,  'i.     Dull-red;  rust»colored. 

rug.  l  l.  -  Obe.]    'I'"  tug  "r  tear 

II.         1.  A  heavy  textile  fabric,  made  in  one 

of  a  floor;  also,  n  covering  made 

ikins  nl  arum  rith  tin-  hair  or  wool 

on.  2.  A  heavy  eoveziet  or  lap»n >!>«•.  3.  A  rough, 
shaggy,  or  woolly  dog.  4.  A  land  of  strong  spirituous 
liqu'  i      •>  .    \  fries     I   rmerly  used  for  rough 

•nls.     [  <  Bw.  rug;/,  rough  hair] 
ru   »•  ,.  ;  rQ'ga.  2  m'ga.  n.    [EU'OJB,  1  ru'Jl:  2  ru'gC,  pZ.]   A  fold, 
■   crease.     [L.j     ru'r  ered   With   or 

having  ruga-,  eorrogated;  wrinkled,    ru'gnse;;  ru'gous$. 
ru-go-'l-t>.   .     Roughness. 
Kug'f>>.  .'  rafby,  n.      A  town  In  central  I 

■fa  school  founded  in  1667      Rug'bel- 
iii.  ;  ipll  of  Rugby  school.     Bng'het-an,  a. 

rag  -''-(I,  1  rtrg/ed;  2  ragged,  a.    1.  Having  a  -ur: 

irupt  inequalities;  broken  into  irregular  points  or 

■  icky;  rough;  uneven.    2.  Shaggy;  un- 

•'{.  Rough  in  temper,  char- 

1.    Having  strongly 

marked    features;    wrinkled;    frowning;    furrowed.      5. 

..tun-  or  refinement;  rude.    ti.  Hough  to  the 

7.  [Colloq.,  r.  B.]  Robust;  sturdy,    k. 

■  rniy.       [  <     -  rough    hair.) 

Synj  see  nu;  boooh. 
rum..  D      I.  r(.  &  vi.    1.  To  inflict  ruin  upon; 

ish.     (2) 
'.'.    i      fall  into  nun;  bring  or  in- 
flict ruin.    Synj  set    ■  :.i-n 
II.         l.                       .  rtion  of  value  or  usefuln 
morals,  the  loss  of  character,  chastity,  or  honor; 

.-•ion.    2.  Thai  which  remains  of  something 
;{.    \  condition  ol 
in.     4.  That  which  cau 

Btruction.   downfall,   or   decay.      [  <    I.  '•'•   ruina,   ruin  ] 
Synj   collapse.   •;  ilation,    destruction, 

discomfiture,  downfall,  fall,  overthrow,  perdition, 
slon,  rmrtoing  i       Ant.: 

conaervatio:.  recovery,  n 

tlon.  reparation,  success      rnln-ate,         Pi 
bring  to  d(-rtructlon:  overthrow:  ruin.     ru"ln-a'tlon. 
The  act  of  ruining,  or  the  state  or  being  ruined;  something 
that  ruins      ruin-on-,  r  tending  to  ruin;  fall- 

.  -oruln.    Synj  see  ram  -l>.  -in--. 

rule,  1  nil;  2  nil,  r.  (ruled;  ri:l'in',  1  1. 1.     1.  To  control 


tin-  will  or  a  .    \  si  ii.  com- 

mand; control     '!.  Io  decide  or  determine  bj  oi  as  bj 

tiilc.  si  ttic  or  establish;  direct .  In  law,  to  establi 
.1. .  i-ioii.  iu ol  a  .'..nit  oi  judge    8,  ro control  bj  id  vice 
or  in!1.  .  ido;  guide   usually  in  the  passive     4. 

ko  conformable  to  a  rule;  arrangi  ; order;  conduct 

mark  upon  in    Inns,   usuolh    I  paral- 

lel  Inn"-,  also,  iii  mark  or  make  with  ui  a    wnli   a  ruler. 

II.        I.I  i;:u  i-  aut  Inn  ii  i  oi  control;  ad- 

■  i  nun  hi  .  I"'  in  I'. 'in  I  nam  I       '.'.    I  '..  la.\   down 

a  rule;  formulate  n  decision     S«  I  o  I  d  ■■  •  controlling  in- 

Buenoe;  control;  prt  I        m.  To  main! 

aril  nf  rates;  as,  prloes  ruM  high      Bra      sc  command; 

"OVI  UN .    RI  UULATI         nil'-  l  ,    . 

-•■I  •    .  I 


til'lnn     ruled         2 
a 

I 


Permissible 


',    llIK       I  HI'  il  V.     I    '   I  llll.-v.ll  i,«-    | 

.:  In  rule       nil 'it,  PI    [*** 

1. 1  >ne  w  tin  rules  or  governs,  I     ^ 
'.'.  \  itralght*  I 


I'arallel  Ruler. 


-'rip    for     guiding    B 
marking-Implement,    a    rule. 

iiihiik'-Miaiiiiiie  S.  One  who  mies  lines,  as  with  a  ruling' 
maohl  •■  cam      ruling,     l.  ;»/.  Exercising 

dominion;  controlling;  predominant.     II.  n.    i.  i 

01  one  who  rules  oi  ;.  a  decision,  as  ol  a  |udge 
or  presiding  offlcer.  8.  The  act  of  making  ruled  lines,  or  the 
lines  so  made. 

rule,  r».  1.  Controlling  power;  government;  dominion; 
authority.    2.  A  method  or  principle  of  action;  regular 

I  '.  llie;  problems,  fixing  thfl 

torm  or  use  "i  word.-  or  the  construction  of  senl 
3.  An  authoritative  direction  or  enactment;  a  judicial 
order  or  decision.  4.  What  belongs  o,  the  ordinary 
course  of  events  or  condition  of  things.  5.  Regular  or 
proper  method;  propriety;  as  of  conduct;  regularity. 
t>.  t  Jourse  "i  procedure  or  line  of  conduct;  behavior.    7. 

A  straight-edged  instrument  lor  use  iu  measuring,  or  as 
a  guide  in  drawing  lines;  a  ruler.  8.  Print.  A  strip  ol 
type»high  metal  lor  handling  type  or  for  printing  a  rule 

or  line.    9.  A  ruled  line.     1  <  L"1  regula,  <  ruin,  rule  ] 
rule  of  three  {ArWl.),  a  rule  for  Ondlng  any  term  of  a 
proportion,  the  three  others  being  given 

Syn.:  canon,  formula,  guide,  ma\im.  method,  order, reg- 
ulation, standard.    See  habit;  law;  stick;  stbtem. 

rum,  1  rum;  2  rum.  a.  [Colloq.,  Eng.)  Queer;  strange;  peculiar. 
[Prob.  Gipsy.] 

rum,  it.  1.  An  alcoholic  liquor  distilled  from  fermented 
molasses  or  cane»juice.  2.  [Colloq.]  Any  alcoholic 
liquor,    [short  for  1'rov.  Eng.  rumbullion,  ram.] 

rum'blie'',  1  runi'bl;2  rum'bl.  l.vt.&vi.  [kum'm.(e)df; 
itr.M'm.ixi;.]  1.  To  make  a  continuous  low,  rolling 
sound,  a-  thunder,  'i.  To  move  along  with  such  a  .sound. 
3.  To  be  in  or  cause  commotion;  create  a  tumult.  II.  n. 
1.  A  muffled  roar;  hence,  any  confused  noise  t>.  A  raised 
it  the  back  of  a  vehicle,  rum 'hletiiin'lile  : . 
[Lit.  <  Sw.  r&ma,  low.]  —  ruin 'bier,  n.     rum'bllng,  n. 

ru'iuen.  1  ru'iiien;  2  ru'rnen.  n.  [RTJ'in-NA,  pi.}  1.  The  first 
stomach  of  a  ruminant.  2.  The  cud  of  a  ruminant.  [  I.,  .throat  1 

ru'mi-nant,  1  rii'rni-iumt :  2  ru'mi-nant.  I.  a.  1.  Chew- 
ing the  cud:  of  or  pertaining  to  the 
Rutninantia.  Z.  Drowsily  quiet,  ru'- 
ml-n.-il  .  II.  n.  One  of  the  Rur 
tia,  an  animal,  as  a  deer,  ante- 
lope,   sheep,    goat,    or  OX,   that    lias   :. 

Btomach  with  four  complete  oavitiet 
—  (1)  the  rumen,  (2)  the  reticulum, 

■  ii  the  manyplies  or  omasum,   and 

1'  ilie  reed  or  abomasum  —  the  t - » <  -« 1 

received  into  the  first  being  returned 

to    the  mouth,  chewed   over  again      ,,'!!,,  ,'.'"'.7 
•.  -ill'  iwed,  and  digested  in  I  he 
compartments.     [<  L.  rumen, 
throat  !     ru'ml-nant-ly,  adv.  .."^""Z^'T'Z^. 

Ku"iui-iiuii 'ti-a.    1    rfl  mi-nan'sbi-e;  , 

2  iu"mi-nan'shi-a,   n.    -pi.     Mam.    A  .'•' •■''""'"'■  "'  " 
division  Ol  ungulate  mammals,  with  a  "'""' 

quadripartite  or  tripartite  stomach,  and  toes  in  even 

number;  ruminant- 
ril'ini-iiate,  1  rii'mi-net ;  2  ru'mi-nat.     I.  if.  &  vi.   [-nat"- 
i.d1;  -na t"in<; .]    1.  To  chew,  as  a  cud;  chew  the  cud.    2. 
To  meditate  or  reflect  upon;  muse,    ru'minet.    II.  ". 

Perforated  or  channeled,  as  the  albumen  ol  B  -' K  d, 

as  in  the  nutmeg.    ru'nil-nat'Vdt.    [<  I.,  rumino,  pp 

ruminant  ;  see  in  minaxi  I  Syn.:  see  misk.  ru'ml-nat"- 
lng-l>,  mil.  ru"nil-na'tlon,  n.  Syn.:  sec  kkflection.— 
ru'ml-na"tlvfes,  a.  Meditative,  -ly,  adv. — ru'ml- 
n:i"tor,  n. 
rum 'mage,  1  rurn'ij;  2  rtm'ag.  I.  vl.  &  vi.  [ri m'- 
MAOEDJ  rim'siau-ini,.]    1.  Io  ransack  thoroughly;  dia- 


aeh  of  a 
Ruminant. 


683 


1:9=  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    <5hin;    go;    rj  =  sing;    Chin,   this.  flltt 

2: wolf,  dft;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   611,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  ruse 


arrange  things  in  search.  2.  To  stir  up  or  agitate  thor- 
oughly, as  a  liquid;  stir  the  contents  of,  as  a  cask.  3. 
To  find  by  disorderly  search:  with  out  or  up.  II.  n.  1. 
Any  act  of  rummaging.  2.  An  upheaval  or  stirring  up, 
bustle.  [  <  boomage,  <  room,  «,]  rom'aget;  rooni'- 
agef. — runi'mag-er,  n. 

rum'mer,  1  rum'ar;  2  rum'er,  n.  A  glass  or  cup  for  drinking; 
specif.,  a  tall  stemless  glass;  also,  Its  contents. 

ru'mor,  1  ru'mar;  2  ru'mor.  I.  vt.  To  circulate  as  a 
rumor;  report  abroad.  II.  n.  1.  An  unverified  report 
passing  from  person  to  person:  sometimes  personified. 
2||.  Temporary  celebrity.  [OF.,  <  L.  rumor,  noise.] 
Syn.:  see  report,    ru'mourl. 

rump,  1  rump;  2  rump,  n.  The  buttocks  or  hinder 
parts;  hence,  the  fag-end  of  anything.  [<  Ice. 
rumpr.] — rump'=fed"t,  a.  Fed  on  refuse,  or  fattened  in 
the  rump. 

rum'pl(ep,  1  rum'pl;  2  rum'pl.  I.  vt.  [rum'pl(e)dp; 
rdm'pling.]  To  form  into  rumples;  wrinkle;  crumple. 
II.  n.  1.  An  irregular  fold;  a  rumpled  fabric.  2.  The 
condition  of  being  rumpled.     [<  AS.  rimpan,  wrinkle] 

rum 'pus,  1  rum'pus;  2  rum'pus,  n.  [Colloq.]  A  distur- 
bance; wrangle;  row.    [  <  rumble.] 

run,  1  run;  2  run,  v.  [ran;  run;  run'ning.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
cause  to  run,  in  any  of  the  intransitive  senses  of  the 
verb;  as,  to  run  a  horse.  2.  To  introduce  or  insert  sud- 
denly or  forcibly;  thrust;  stick;  push.  3.  To  dash  or 
impel  with  force;  drive,  or  suffer  to  be  driven;  force; 
propel.  4.  To  hunt;  chase.  5.  To  accomplish  by 
running;  execute;  perform.  6.  To  pass  over  and  deter- 
mine the  course  of,  as  a  boundary.  7.  To  make  one's 
way  successfully  over,  through,  or  past;  as,  to  run  a 
blockade.  8.  To  flow  with;  discharge;  emit.  9.  To 
become  liable  to;  expose  oneself  to;  incur,  as  a  risk. 
10.  To  sew  in  a  continuous  line.  11.  To  mold,  as  with 
melted  metal;  found.  12.  To  cause  to  work,  ply,  or 
traverse;  manage  or  conduct,  as  a  machine,  an  institu- 
tion, or  an  enterprise.  13.  To  pursue  in  thought.  II.  i. 
1.  To  move  at  a  run;  go  swiftly  on  the  feet;  pass  or  glide 
rapidly  by  any  motion;  hasten;  speed;  flee.  2.  To  speed 
in  or  as  in  a  race ;  contend ;  be  a  candidate  or  competitor ; 
as,  to  run  for  Congress.  3.  To  pass  rapidly  through 
space ;  move  rapidly  from  point  to  point ;  proceed ;  travel ; 
journey;  ply.  4.  To  move  in  or  as  in  a  stream;  flow; 
melt;  fuse;  spread  or  mingle  confusedly,  as  colors.  5. 
To  be  in  a  state  of  activity;  be  in  operation,  as  a  ma- 
chine. 6.  To  extend  or  reach  in  length,  distance,  or 
direction,  as  a  road.  7.  To  develop  by  growth  or  transi- 
tion: often  with  in,  into,  to,  up,  or  a  predicate  adjective; 
as,  to  run  to  seed.  8.  To  follow  continuously  a  line  of 
descent.  9.  To  glide  by  or  away;  elapse.  10.  To  pro- 
ceed rapidly  or  hastily,  as  in  thought;  as,  to  run  through 
a  book.  11.  To  dwell  continuously,  as  in  conversation 
or  meditation;  brood:  followed  by  on  or  upon.  12.  To 
tend;  incline:  with  in,  into,  to,  or  toward.  13.  To  con- 
tinue in  existence  or  action;  extend  in  time  or  space. 
Specifically:  (1)  To  continue  unexpired  or  unpaid;  stand 
unsettled.  (2)  To  be  performed  or  repeated  in  continu- 
ous succession;  as,  the  play  ran  forty  nights.     14.  Lair. 

(1)  To  continue  concurrently  or  through  all  changes  of 
ownership;  pass  as  a  continual  burden,  charge,  or  benefit. 

(2)  To  continue  in  force  and  effect,  as  a  law.  15.  To 
give  forth  a  discharge  or  flow.  16.  To  continue  at  or  lie 
carried  to  a  specified  point;  reach;  rise.  17.  To  be-  cur- 
rently reported,  expressed,  or  related  (in  a  specified 
way).  18.  To  exist  or  occur  with  the  natural  variations 
of  size,  quality,  etc.;  average;  come  or  be  taken  without 
selection.  19.  To  make  a  rapid  succession  of  demands 
for  payment,  as  on  a  bank.  20.  To  be  in  circulal  ion,  as 
coin;  be  current;  pass.  21.  In  music,  to  execute  a  series 
of  notes  in  rapid  succession.  22.  To  leak.  [<  AS. 
rinnan,  flow.]  Syn.:  see  flow;  fly.-  run'a-bout",  n.  A 
light,  handy,  open  automobile  for  ready  service.  — run'a- 
way".  La.  1. Escaped;  fugi- 
tive. 2.  Caused  by  running 
away.  II.  n.  1.  One  that  runs 
away;  a  truant.  2.  An  act  of 
running  away. — run'ner,  n. 
1.  One  who  or  that  which 
runs,    in   any   sense;    specif  : 

(1)  One  who  solicits  custom, 
as    Tor    a    hotel    or    railway 

(2)  [Eng.]  a  sheriffs  officer; 
a  detective.  2.  That  part  on 
or  through  which  an  object 
runs  or  slides.  3.  Hut.  A 
slender,   prostrate   stem   disposed    to    rout    :it   the    end  and 

nodes,    run'round",  n.     A  circumscribed    Inflammation 

or  the  skin.   — run 'way",  n.   A   way  over  which  some- 


Runners  (r,  r)  of  the 

Strawberry. 


thing  runs  or  moves,  as  the  bed  of  a  stream,  a  path  made 
by  animals,  a  slide  for  logs,  etc. 

run,  n.  1.  The  act  of  running;  a  going  rapidly  by  spring- 
ing so  that  both  or  all  the  feet  are  off  the  ground  to- 
gether during  some  part  of  each  spring  or  stride.  2.  A 
trip,  passage,  or  journey;  also,  regular  or  continuous  ad- 
vance. 3.  A  course  or  period  of  operation;  also,  that 
which  is  produced  or  performed  in  such  a  period  or 
course;  as,  an  eight=hours  run  of  a  factory.  4.  An  act  of 
flowing,  or  that  which  flows;  especially,  a  small  stream; 
a  brook.  5.  A  continuous  or  connected  course;  a  succes- 
sion; as,  to  get  therure  of  things.  6.  A  period  of  continu- 
ous performance,  occurrence,  popularity,  etc.;  as,  the 
run  of  a  play  or  a  song.  7.  The  liberty  of  coming  and 
going  at  pleasure;  free  use;  as,  to  have  the  run  of  the 
park;  also,  way;  will;  fling.  8.  A  succession  of  extraor- 
dinary or  pressing  demands,  as  upon  a  bank.  9.  A  place 
passed  over  or  frequented,  especially  by  animals;  a  graz- 
ing* or  feeding-ground;  range.  10.  A  runway.  11.  A 
migration,  as  of  fish  to  their  spawning-grounds;  also,  a 
collection  of  fish  or  other  animals  in  course  of  passage. 
12.  Ability  to  run.  13.  A  pair  of  millstones  in  working 
order.  14.  The  kind  ordinarily  met  with,  as  of  people; 
the  usual  succession.  15.  Naut.  That  part  of  a  ship's 
bottom  where  it  fines  off  from  the  floor-timbers  to  the 
stern-post.  16.  The  lay,  as  of  land;  also,  trend  or  direc- 
tion. 17.  Mus.  A  rapid  succession  of  tones;  a  roulade. 
[<  AS.  ryne,  path.]    Syn.:  see  stream. 

run'a-gate||,  1  run'a-get;  2  run'a-gat,  n.  1.  A  deserter;  rene- 
gade. 2.  A  vagabond;  homeless  wanderer:  used  also  attrib- 
utively.    [Cor.  Of  RENEGADE.] 

run'cl-nate,  1  run'si-net;  2  run'cl-nfit,  a.  Bot.  Saw-toothed, 
with  the  incisions  or  teeth  inclined  backward.  [<  L.  run- 
cino,  pp.  Tuncinatns,  plane  off,  <  runcina,  plane.] 

run'dl(ep,  1  run'dl;  2  run'dl,  n.  1.  A  rung,  as  of  a  ladder.  2. 
Something  that  rotates  about  an  axis,  as  the  drum  of  a 
capstan.    [<  OF.  rondel,  something  round.]    run  del   . 

rund'let,  1  rund'let;  2  riind'lSt,  n.  A  small  barrel,  or  the 
measure  of  wine  it  contains.  [  <  OF.  rondele.]  run'let}:. 

rune,  1  run;  2  run,  n.  1.  A  character  of  a  primitive  Teu- 
tonic alphabet.  2.  A  Finnish  or  Old  Norse  poem ;  hence, 
early  rimes  or  poetry  in  general.  3.  Any  obscure  or 
mystic  song,  poem,  verse,  or  saying;  a  mystery.  [  < 
AS.  run,  mystery.] — ru'nlc.  I.  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or 
like  those  who  used  runes,  as  the  Norsemen;  inscribed  with 
runes.    II.  n.    A  style  of  modern  type. 

This  is  runic. 

rung,  1  rurj;  2  rung,  n.  1.  A  rounded  cross-strip,  as  of  a 
ladder  or  chair;  a  rod,  spoke,  etc.  2.  Naut.  (1)  One  of 
the  handles  on  the  rim  of  a  steering-wheel.  (2)  A  floor- 
timber  of  a  ship.    [  <  AS.  hrung,  pole.]    rengf;  rongt. 

rung,  imp.  &  pp.  of  ring2,  v. 

run'let1,  1  run'let;  2  run'let,  n.  A  little  stream;  rivulet. 
Syn..  see  stream,    run  'rid  i . 

run  'let2,  n.    Same  as  rundlet. 

Riin'iiy-niede,  1  run'i-mid;  2  run'y-med,  n.  A  meadow  in 
Surrey,  England,  on  the  Thames,  where  King  John  sealed 
Magna  Carta,  1215. 

runt,  1  runt;  2  rtint,  n.  1.  An  unusually  small,  weak,  or 
stunted  animal.  2.  A  dwarf.  3.  One  of  a  breed  of  very 
large  domestic  pigeons.     4f.  A  boor.     [<  Scot,  rind, 

<  AS.  /irlthcr,  horned  beast.] 

ru-pee',  1  rO-pI';  2  ru-p€'',  n.  The  standard  monetary  unit 
of   British    India,   of   fluctuating   value.     See  coin.     [Ult. 

<  Sans.  Tttpt/a,  silver,  <  rUpa,  beauty.] 

Ru'pert,    1    ru'pert;   2   ru'pert,    l'rlnce   (1619-1082).    A 

Bavarian  soldier  and  Royalist  general. 
rup'turt',  1  rupVhur  or  -tiur;  2  rup'chur  or  -tiir.     I.  vt. 

&  vi.     [kup'tiukd;   rtjp'tub-inq.]     To  break  apart; 

separate  the  parts  of  by  violence;  suffer  a  breach  ot 
break.  II.  n.  1.  The  act  of  rupturing.  2.  A  ruptured 
muscle;  hernia.  3.  A  splitting  apart  of  a  steam-boiler 
without  great  force  and  noise.  4.  Breaoh  of  peace  and 
concord.  [F.,  <  I.,  rupture,  <  rumpo,  break.] 
Syn.:  (verb)  see  break;  rend;  (noun)  blast,  in-each,  break, 

breaking,  burst,  bursting,  disruption,  fracture.  Sec  BR]  *'  Bi 
QUARREL1,    n. 

ru'ral,  1  ru'ral;  2  ru'ral,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  country  as 
distinguished  from  the  oity  <>r  the  (own;  rustic.     [F., 

<  L. ruralis,  <  rvs, country.]  -ly, ade.  -noss,  n.  ru'ral- 
Ism,  n.    1.  The  state  (if  being  Rural;  rural  character.    2.  a 

rural  Icllotn  or  expression.      ru'ral-M,  n.     One  who  leads 

or  advocates  a  country  life,     ru-ral'i-iy,  «. 

ru'ral   free  dc-liv'cr-y.     |l'     B  I     A   government   servh f 

house-to-house  free  mall  delivery  by  carrier  In  rural  dis- 
tricts, as  distinguished  from  the  general  delivery  service. 

Itus.,  Rubs.,  abbt     Russia,  Russian 

ruse,  l  rflz;  2  rus,  n.  An  action  intended  to  mislead  oi 
deceive.    [F.,  <  ruser,  trick.]    Syn.:  see  artifice;  i'HETENSH 


ruxli 


fat.fatv;':i                                 I            '                       "     nrtt.  Or;  full,  rftlc;   l.ut,  l.flrn; 
*i«r.  tat.  i»r,-.  i*m.  what.  ;»         ,    . ,     prey.  f*rn;hl     i        i  i  r,  w*n,       684 


ru«li  . 


I 

.  e     with 

i 

i  ■■!  the 

ru»li  I .     ■  iiintir  herb,   I 

thinji  ol  little 
; 
ru»li   >bold"rr,  M  iili  :i  clip  for 

r  11  -  I  ■    light 

rn-li  .   indlt  ru^h    %  . 

\      inding  in  ur  madool  rushes 

ru»h  l-m  H 
ru-li  >,  J  I  '  an  Ml  ol  rushing; 

ID  i-iht- 

.'.  tordinarj    baste  or 

intity  of  something  causing  such 

II    .III  UUIIMIal 

I.        football,  :i  fori  me  "I  one's  \\  i\ . 

1 1^:1 1  the  opponents'  line  and  in  the  di- 

">.        -  ;  V  struggle  or  rough«and< 

a     i)  two  bodies  of    persons  each 

we  i  mii  >  k 

Bath.  Benjamin    ;:i     181  vn   American  physlelan;  :i 

irallou  of  Independence. 
m-k.  .  V  kind  of  light,  sweetened  bread 

a  .  twist  "i  bread  ) 
KiK'kin.  John    1810  1900       \n  i  ii 

luthor. 
K  u-~. 

II,  I.  Lord  John    1792   1878  .  an 

'.'.  \t  llllam  (lark 
torles 
ru-  -.i.  I.        1.  Of  a  reddish  or  yellow- 

cloth;  coarse;  home- 
:i.   Finished,  but   not   blacked:  said  ol 
kiathi  II.         L   \  color  formed  by 

._•  orange  and  purple;  popularly,  any  reddish 
.'.  '  b,  clothing,  eto.    8. 

■  ilor,  mottled  « ith  brown.    [  < 
ru-  'get-) ,  .•      Ru 

Bas'sla,l  rush's:  2  ruab'a.n.    1    a  country  of  B.  Europe  and 

M  i,1917,    3,764,586 

9q.m;i«'i'    182,182.600    capital,  Petrograd     2.  A  fragrant 

■  pared  by  a  special  process  long  s 
Bns'sla  leal h '<t-.         [itani  ol  R 

Ru-'-lan.    I.        Pertaining  to  Russia.    11.//.    Aninhab- 
ru*t,  1  Id.  r(.  <fc  n.    1.  To  affect,  or  ] 

;.  To  weaken  or  impair,  or  b<  come 
weak  -  dull,  l>y  inaction.     II.  n,     1. 

Lng  causi  d  on  iron  by  oxi- 
\.d  formed  on  any  metal  by  <■.  r- 
rosi'  ■       .'.  ilar  coating,  a*  of  plants  under  fun- 

fungus  producing  it.     3.  Any 
•  degenerate  e 
process.     [<  AS.  rusl.  <  redd,  red.)     ru- 1  '  =  niltc",  n.     A 
.at  makes  a  rust-Ilk  i  i«>n  plants. 

nu'Ue,  .  I.  '.    1.  Rural;  hence,  plain; 

homely;  uncultured;  rude;  awkward;  also,  unaffected; 
artk         .'.  tlarstj  le  ol  work  or 

.  appropriate  to  the  country. 
Synj   agricultural.    artless,    awkward,    boorish,    bucolic, 
clow.-  country,  noldenlsb.  Inelegant, 

outlandish,  pastoral,  plain,  rude,  sylvan,  uncouth,  un- 
polished, unsophisticated,  untaught,  verdant.  Sural  refers 
especially  t-  .  the  country,  consld 

the  work  of  natur-  to  their  effect  upon  man  or 

to  their  condition  human  agency;  as,  a  rural 

scene:  a  ru  I  iiir  lass.    We  .speak,  however,  nf 

the  rural  population,  rural  simplicity,  etc.  Rural  has  al- 
ways a  fav  ru.  tic  frequently  an  unfavorable 
one.  as  denoting  a  lack  of  culture  and  refinement;  thus, 
rustic  pollT'  I  which  Is  well-meant.  !>ui 
awkward;  similar  Ideas  a- 

garb  often  used  Of  B  studied  sim- 

plicity, an  artistic  rudeness,  which  Is  pleasing  and  perhaps 
beautiful:  a  s  rustic  chair.     Patloral  re- 

fers  ti  '  and  to  the  shepherd's  life  with  the 

pleasing  associations  suggested  by  the  old  poetic 
that  life:  as.  pastoral  poetry.    Bucolic  Is  kindred  to  , 
but  :  mes  slightly  cot 

.;  "  .rnpllshf-d.    city. like,    cultured,    elegant, 

polished,  polite,  renned,  urban,  urbane,  well»bred. 


II  V  country  man;  peasant      I-     I'   ruslique,   ■     I. 

uuntr;       rus'tl-cal]  [Archaic]      rus'ti- 

.   il-l>.  rus'tlr-l)  ; .      riis'tl-i'.il-ncss,     N       riis'll- 

a  .  i.i...  nt i  m  bank  h  i" 

tin-  country;  suspend  and  send  awaj  temporarily,  as  from 

a  colli  •    I      Iwell  In  or  go  Into  to untn      rus"ti- 

t  .,  ii. .ii.         i  he  aot  ol  rusticating,  or  state  ol  hen. 
rated     ru  —  iii  i-t> .  n     .  in     .  ,        Hustle  ilmpUolty; 
honiellncfls;  aw  kwardness. 
rm'tl  e  .  i  i.       .'■         [aus'Ti.1  d,  in -s'- 

ii  ii1'.  in  -ii  is..  1    I.  To  move  oi  cause  to vo  oi  fall 

with  '.'■  W     i.  in  i     B.l  To  acl  with 

energj  t.i  bustling  activity;  also,  to  iteal,  as_ cattle  or 
II.  I  quick    acce    ion  ol    mall,  light,  f no- 

tional sounds  as  of  dry  leaves  or  silken  garments     [Freq. 

•  •    Sw.  riisl.il.  shake  ]      rus'tlrr,  n. 

r i i - « ' > .  i  n    ■  i .  :.'  i < i — t  > .  a,    [at  - 1  'i  i  n;  Rt  bt/m  bt.]    I. 

of  i  list,   :t. 
Having  the  appearance  ..t  rust      1.  Impaired  by  inac- 
tion; having  lost  skill  for  want  ofpracl    e     •"•■  Hoai 
or  rough;  harsh,  as  tones,     I  ■     ^8    ru     g,   <  rusl;  Bee 

,  .    i  i.i  i  i        rust  'l-l>  .  ./'«        r  ;-( 'l-iicss.  // 
rill',  1  rut;  2  rfil       I.  Vt.     |ki   t  'i  i  n1;  ki    i  '  i  im.  1     T.i  make 

ruts  ur  channels  in;  hence,  figuratively,  to  wrinkle,    II. 

I.  \    unken  track  worn  by  a  wheel   as  in  a  road 
Ativ  beaten  track;  hence,  a  settled  co  tree  of  procedure, 

rut  't>,  B.     I  nil  Ol  ruts. 
rut    .     I.  rl      [HI   i'iiii':iii   i'iim;  ]     To  lie  under  sexual  excite- 
ment :  said  nf  varlOUB  animals.     II.  »      1.  The  sexual  excite- 
ment of  various  animals,  as  deer.      'i.    \  roaring  or  uproar. 

i  i..  rugtius,  roaring,  <  ruoto,  roar.]    rut'llsh, //. 

ru"l:»-l»:i '«;».  1  rfl'ta-bS'gd;  L'  ru'ta-bft'ga,  n.  A  culti- 
vated I'lant  or  its  edible  yellowish  root:  allied  to  the 
common  turnip.    [Said  to  be  s«  ]    Swedish  (iirnipl. 

ril-ta'ceous,  1  ru-te'shns;  2  rii-ta'shus,  a.  <  >f  or  pertaining 
In  the  rue  fan  1 11  >    I  RUUtCi  .1 1)  .  null  a  I  ll  1111,'  about    800  species  tiT 

shrubs,  trees,  and,  rarely,  herbs,  Including  the  lei i,  Lime, 

citron,  etc     t  ■    L.  ruin,  ■    <  ;r  rliyh  .  rue  I 

ruth   ,   1   ruth;  \l  ruth,   n.     Sorrow;   compassion;   pity:  also. 

grief:  misery.    [<  Ice.hTVfth,  <  hryggr,  sorrowful.]—  ruth'- 

legg,  a     Merciless,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  //. 
Kutii.  1  ruth;  3  ruth.  r».   Bib.  a  woman  of  Muaii,  daughter* 

in-law  of  the  Israelite  .Naomi;   she  left    her  own  people  and 

weni  to  Bethlehem,  when-  she  married  Boaz,  thus  becoming 

an  ancestress  ol  David.    Her  story  is  told  in  the  old  Testa- 
ment book  of  this  name. 
ru-tlie'nl-uni,  1  ru-thl'nt-um;  2  ru-the'nl-um.  n.  Chi  in     \ 
white,  spongy  metallic  element,  found  In  platinum  ore-.    See 
ELEMENT.     [<    h'utlunin.  Russia.] 

Butb'ven,  1  rufh'venor  riv'n;  2  rftth'vfin  or  riv'n,  Raid 
of.  Scot.  Hist.  A  conspiracy  by  which  James  VT.  was  cap- 
tured at  Ruthven  Castle,  near  Perth.  1582. 

Kut 'land,  1  rutland;  2  rfit'land,  «.  A  city  in  \V.  Vermont: 
has  marbleaquarries;  pop.  i:j,500. 

Kut 'ledge,  1  rut'lej;  2  rttt'lcdg,  n.  1.  Edward  (1749-1800). 
an  American  jurist;  signer  of  Declaration  of  Independence 
'I.  John  (1739  1800),  an  American  jurist;  Justice  ol  U.  S. 
Supreme  <  'min ;  a  trainer  of  r.  s.  c  lonstltutlon. 

ltu"«eii-zo'rl,  1  rd'wen-zO'rf; 2  ni"w en-zo'ri.  n.  A  mountain 
group  In  E.  central  Africa;  highest  peak,  16,801  ft. 

Bnys'dael,  1  rels'dol;  2  rdys'dal,  Jacob  (1625?-1682).  A 
Dutch  landscapcpainter.  Ruis'daeU. 

Ruy'ler,  1  rel'tsr;  2  roy'ter,  Michel 
Adrlaanszoon  dc  (1U07-1G7G).  A 
Dutch  admiral. 

R.  V.,  abbr.  Revised  Version  (of  the 
Bible).— R.  W.,  abbr.  Rlghl  worship- 
ful, Right  Worthy.— Ry.,  abbr.  Kail- 
way. 

rye,  1  rai;  2  ry,  n.  1.  The  grain  or 
dueed  by  a  cereal  grass 
nearly  allied  to  wheat;  also,  the 
plant.  2.  [CoIIoq.,  U.  8.]  Whisky 
distilled  from  rye.  [<  AS.  ryge, 
rye.] 

rye';grass",  1  ral'-gras*;  2  ry'-gras".  n. 
Common  darnel.  ray'=grass";;  wild 
r>e:. 

ry'ot,  1  ral'at:  2ry'ot,  n.  In  India,  a  ten- 
ant; tiller  of  the  soil;  peasant  (-Hind. 
rail/at,  <  Ar.  ra'lya.  a  subject]  ray  'att. 

Kjs'«lck,  l  ris'wik;  2  rys'wik,  n.   A  village  In  S.  Netherlands, 

near  the  Hague,  where  Louis  XIV.  signed  treaties  with  Hol- 
land. Spain,  and  England,  Sept,  -jd,  and  with  Germany  (Jet 
30,  1697.    Rl|s'wljkt;  Rys'wyk. 
ryvet,  9.    To  rive;  tear. 


.(,  j.^rl  .1  the  hea-l  in 
maturitj. 


l:a=  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    oil  =  out;    ell;    SO  =  feud;    cllin;    go;    rj  =  sires;    Chin,   this.  rush 

685  2:  wolf,  do;    book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.         sacred 


S  s  Roman. 


g>£ 


Black 
Letter. 


9> 


$    Script. 


S,  s,  1  es;  2  £s,  re.  [s's,  S's,  or  Ss,  1  es'iz;  2  eVe§,  pi.]  The 
nineteenth  letter  in  the  English  alphabet. 

S.,  abbr.  Saint,  Saturday,  Saxon,  school,  senate,  signa  (L., 
label,  write),  Signor,  Socialist,  socius  or  sodalis  (L.,  Fellow), 
society,  south,  sun,  Sunday. — S. .Sa.,  Sat.,  abbr.  Saturday. 
— S.,  Sab.,  abbr.  Sabbath. — s..  abbr.  Second,  section  [ss., 
pi.],  series,  set,  shilling,  singular,  sinister,  substantive. — 
S.  A.,  abbr.  South  Africa,  South  America,  South  Australia. 
— s.  a.,  abbr.  [L.]  Secundum  artem  (according  to  art),  sine 
anno  (without  date). 

Sab'a-oth,  1  sab'i-eth;  2  sab'a-oth,  n.  pi.  Armies;  hosts. 
[<  Heb.  tsebdoth,  pi.  of  tsdbd,  army.] 

Sab 'bath,  1  sab'afh;  2  sab'ath,  re.  1.  The  seventh  day  of 
the  week,  appointed  in  the  decalog  as  a  day  of  rest.  2. 
The  first  day  of  the  week  as  observed  by  Christians;  the 
Lord's  day;  Sunday.  3.  The  institution  or  observance 
of  a  day  of  rest;  a  time  of  rest,  peace,  or  quiet.  4.  The 
Sabbatical  year  of  the  Jews.  (Lev.  xxv,  4.)  [  <  Heb. 
shabbdlh,  <  shabdth,  rest  from  labor.] 

Syn.:  First=day,  Lord's  day,  Sunday.  Sabbath  carries  a 
more  direct  reference  to  the  Mosaic  economy,  with  a  sug- 
gestion of  sacred  rest  that  is  not  in  the  name  Sunday  (dii  s 
soils),  given  by  the  heathen  to  the  first  day  of  the  week; 
Lord's  day  denotes  the  first  day  of  the  week  as  that  of 
Christ's  resurrection.  First'day  is  the  name  given  by  the 
Friends,  who  have  similarly  renamed  all  the  days  of  the  week 
In  order  to  avoid  the  supposed  tribute  given  by  the  common 
names  to  heathen  objects  of  worship. — sab"ba-ta'ri-an. 

I.  a.     Pertaining  to  the  Sabbath  or  its  strict  observance. 

II.  re.  1.  A  strict  observer  of  the  Sabbath.  2.  One  who  ob- 
serves the  seventh  day  as  the  Sabbath. — Sab-bat'i-cal,  a. 
Pertaining  to  the  Sabbath.    Sab-bat 'let. 

sa'ber, )  1  se'bar;  2  sa'ber.     I.  vt.     [sa'bered,  sa'bred; 

sa'bre, ]  sa'ber-ing,  sa'bring.]  To  strike  or  arm  with  a 
saber.  II.  n.  A  heavy  one=edged  cavalry  sword,  with 
a  thick=backed  blade,  often  curved.    [  <  F.  sabre.] 

Sa'bl-an,  1  se'bi-an;  2  sa'bi-an.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  the  Sa- 
bians  or  their  religious  worship.  II.  n.  One  of  an  ancient 
Persian  or  Chaldean  sect  who  recognized  the  unity  of  God, 
but  worshiped  intelligences  supposed  to  reside  in  the  heaven- 
ly bodies  or  the  heavenly  bodies  themselves.  [<  Heb. 
tsdbd;  sccSabaoth.]  Sa-bae'ant;  Sa-be'ant.— Sa'bl-an- 
Ism,  n.     Sa'ba-lsmJ. 

sa'bin,  sab'ln(e.    Same  as  savin. 

Sa'blne,  1  se'bain;  2  sa'bin,  re.  One  of  an  ancient  Italian  peo- 
ple, whose  daughters  the  early  Romans  married  by  force  (The 
Rape  of  the  Sablnes);  also,  their  language.     [<  L.  Sabinus.] 

sa'ble,  1  se'bl;  2  sa'bl.  I.  a.  1.  Black,  especially  as  the 
color  of  mourning.  2. 
Made  of  or  having  the  gaDie 
color  of  sable  *  fur; 
dark=brown.  II.  re.  1. 
A  Siberian  carnivore 
related  to  the  marten 
or  a  related  species; 
also,  its  fur.  2.  The 
dressed  fur  of  a  sable. 
3.  The  color  black; 
hence,  mourning  or  a 
mourning  garment.  [OF.,  <  Itus.  soboll,  sable.]  Syn.: 
see  dakk. 

Sa"bot',  1  sa"b<V;  2  sa"bo',  re.  1.  A  wooden  shoe,  as  of  a 
French  peasant.  2.  A  disk  attached  to  a  projectile  to 
cause  it  to  maintain  its  position  in  ihc  linn-  of  a  firearm 
or  to  take  the  rifling  of  the  gun.  3.  A  protection  for  I  he 
end  of  a  file.  4.  A  clamping»piece  for  shortening  a 
string  of  a  harp.     [I\] 

sa"bo"tage',  1  su"bo"tuY;  2  sa"bo-tiizh',  re.  1.  The  act 
of  cutting  shoes  or  Bocketa  for  railroad-ties.  2.  The  act 
of  tying  up  a  railroad  by  malicious  damage.  3.  HeDce, 
the  act  of  producing  poor  work  so  as  to  cause  damage; 
also,  the  damaging  of  machinery  or  wrecking  of  indu 
trial  plants,  as  by  strikers  or  malcontents,    If] 

«a'brc-tarh«',  1  sCbsr-tash;  2  s&'ber-tach,  n.  Mil.  a  leather 
pocket  bung  from  the  .swoni-bcii,  of  a  mounted  man,    1 1'  . 
G.  sdbel,  sabre,  +  tasche,  pocket.]     sa'hrc-tasclicl;   sa'- 
bre-tasht. 

sac,  1  sak;  2  sac,  re.  Biol.  A  membranous  pouch;  :i  cavity 
or  receptacle.  [F.,  <  L.  saccus;  see  back.]—  sae'eate,  o. 
Sac-shaped,  or  having  a  sue,  hai.'.  or  pouch 

sac'cha-rl-,  1  sak'a-n-;  2  sac'a-rl-.  Same  as  SACCHARO-. — 
sac"cha-rlf'cr-ous,  a.     Producing  sugar;  saccharine.     1  + 


L.  fero,  bear.]— sac'cha-rl-fy,  rl.  To  convert  into  sugar. — 
sac"cha-rif"I-ca'tIon,    re. — sac"cha-rlm 'e-ter,    n.      An 

instrument  for  detecting  the  amount  of  sugar  in  a  solution. 

sae'eha-rin,    \  a.     Pertaining  to  or  like  sugar;  sweet. 

sae'eha-rine,  J  [<  Gr.L+F  sakchar,  sakcharon,  sugar.] 
sae'eha-roust.    Syn.:  see  sweet. 

sae'eha-rin,    )  1  sak'a-rin,  -rin  or  -rln;  2  sac'a-rin,  -rin  or 

sae'eha-rine,  )  -rin,  re.  A  white  crystalline  coal-tar 
product,  300  times  sweeter  than  cane=sugar. 

sae'eha-ro-,  1  sak'a-ro-;  2  s&e'a-ro-.  From  Latin  sac- 
charon,  sugar:  a  combining  form. — sae'eha-roid,  a. 
Resembling  sugar. 

sac"er-do'tal,  1  sas"ar-do'tal;  2  sac"er-do'tal,  a.  Per- 
taining to  a  priest  or  priesthood;  priestly.  [<  L. 
sacerdos,  priest.]  -ly,  adv. — sac"er-do'tal-lsm,  re.  The 
character  and  methods  of  the  priesthood;  zeal  for  priestly 
things;  also,  priestcraft. 

sa'chem,  1  se'cliem;  2  sa'chem,  re.  A  North-American 
Indian  hereditary  chief.     [Am.  Ind.]    Syn.:  see  chief. 

sa"chet',  1  sa"sTie';  2  sa"che',  n.  A  small  ornamental  bag 
for  perfumed  powder.     [F.] 

Sachs,  1  saks;  2  sacs,  Hans  (1494-1576).  A  German  jour- 
neyman shoemaker,  poet,  and  meistersinger. 

sack1,  1  sak;  2  sak.  I*.  vt.  1.  To  put  into,  cover  with,  or 
carry  in  a  sack.  2.  [Slang.]  To  dismiss;  discard.  II.  re. 
1.  A  bag  for  holding  bulky  articles.  2.  A  measure  or 
weight  of  varying  amount.  3.  A  loose  garment  with 
sleeves,  sacqucj'.  4.  Anat.  &  Zool.  Same  as  sac. 
51"  •  Sackcloth.  [  <  AS.  sacc,  <  L.  saccus,  <  Gr.  sakkos, 
<  Heb.  sag,  sac.]— sack 'cloth",  re.  1.  A  coarse  cloth  used 
for  making  sacks,  etc.  sack'lngf.  2.  Coarse  cloth  worn  in 
penance. — Mirk  'fill.  re.  Enough  to  fill  a  sack. — sack'»race", 
re.  A  race  by  persons  with  sacks  drawn  over  their  feet  and 
bodies  and  tied  around  the  neck. 

sack2.  I'.  vt.  To  plunder  or  pillage  (a  town  or  city).  II.  re. 
The  pillaging  of  a  captured  town  or  city;  booty  obtained 
by  pillage.  [  <  F.  sac,  <  L.  saccus;  see  sack1  ;  from  the 
use  of  sacks  in  carrying  off  plunder.] — sack'er,  re. 

sack^t,  re.  Light-colored  Spanish  dry  wine;  also,  any  white 
wine.  [<  F.  sec,  dry,  <  L.  siccus,  dry.] — sack'spos"sett, 
re.    A  posset  formerly  brewed  with  sack. 

sack 'but,  1  sak'but;  2  sak'but,  re.  1.  A  primitive  instrument 
resembling  the  trombone.    2.  Bib.  A  stringed  instrument. 

sack'less,  a.  [Scot.]  Blameless;  harmless;  simple;  useless. 
[<  AS.  sacleas,  <  sacu,  strife,  +  -leds,  -less.]    sac'lessf. 

Sack'ville,  1  sak'vil;  2  sak'vil,  Thomas.    See  Dorset. 

sacque,  1  sak;  2  sale,  re.  A  garment;  sack.  See  sack1,  re.,  3. 

sa'cral,  1  se'kral;  2  sa'cral,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  situated 
near  the  sacrum. 

sae'ra-ment,  1  sak'ra-ment  or  -mant;  2  sae'ra-ment,  n. 

1.  Theol.  A  rite  ordained  as  an  outward  and  visible 
sign  of  an  inward  and  spiritual  grace.  The  Greek  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches  recognize  seven  sacraments — 
baptism,  confirmation,  the  Lord's  Supper,  penance, 
holy  orders,  matrimony,  and  extreme  unction.  2.  Spe- 
cifically, the  Lord's  Supper.  3f.  An  oath  of  allegiance, 
as  of  a  Roman  soldier.    [OF.,  <  L.  sacramenlum,  oath.] 

Syn.:  ceremony,  communion,  eucharlst,  Lord's  Supper, 
observance,  ordinance,  rite,  service,  solemnity.  A  ceremony 
Is  a  form  expressing  reverence,  or  at  least  respect;  we  may 
speak  of  religious  ceremonies,  the  ceremonies  of  polite  BOClel ! . 
the  ceremonies  of  a  coronation,  an  Inauguration,  etc.  An  ob- 
servance has  more  than  a  formal  obligation,  reaching  or  ap- 
proaching a  religious  sarrcdness;  a  stated  religious  obser- 
vance Viewed  as  established  by  authority  is  called  an  ordi- 
nance; viewed  as  an  established  custom,  it  Is  a  rite.  Any  relig- 
ious act,  especially  a  public  act,  viewed  as  a  means  of  serv- 
ing God  is  called  a  service.  The  terms  sacrament  ami  ordi- 
nance in  the  religious  sense  arc  often  used  Interchangeably; 

the  ordinance  derives  lis  sacredness  from  the  authority  thai 

ordained  It,  while  the  sacrament  possesses  a  sacredness  due  to 
something  in  Itself,  even  when  viewed  simply  as  a  represen- 
tation or  memorial.    The  Lord's  supper  is  the  Scriptural 

name  for  the  observance  commemorating  the  death  'it  <  'hrlst ; 
I  ;»•  word  communion  Is  once  applied  to  li  (/  Cur.  \,  16),  hut 
not  as  a.  distinctive  name;  at   an  early  period,  however.  Hie 

name  mm m union  was  so  applied,  as  denoting  tl mnum- 

Ing  Of  (  ■hiisllans  wit  1 1  their  Lord,  or  With  One  another       The 

term  eucharlst  describes  the  Lord's  Supper  as  a  thanksgiving 
service;  U  Is  also  called  by  preeminence  CAi  sacrament,  sac"- 
ra-men'tal,  a.  —  sac"ra-men'tal-ly»  adv.  —  sac"ra- 
inen'la-ry,  a. 
Sac"ra-men'to,  l  sak're-men'to;  2  sae'ra-mSn'to,  n.  I.  a 
river  in  N.  Central  California;  400  m.  to  San  Francisco  Bay. 

2.  A  City,  capital  of  California;  pop    7fi.n00. 

gs'credi  1  sS'fcred; ;.'  sa'crSd,  a,    1.  Set  apart  or  dedicated 


-  i .  rill.  .  ■    ■  |  .1        >  ;>rfv;   hit.  poll.-.-:    ol.cv.  gft;   not.Ar:   fult.rMe;   but.  bOrn; 

s.ikr  '  '  I  >       ■»  '  BY.  "  I        I  I  I  .0.,...    no...         «;s«i 


>4.     rl-li.  .  . 


i  io  bo 

.  r,<l-n<  --. 

i    the 
t. 
II.         I 


rl-ll, 
|    -tl.  .  . 


I.      1 

i  atonement, 

t.    \  gt\  lug  up  .'I 
:     the    sake    of 

i .  •.  .1  without  return; 

...  \  reduction  of  price 

-i.    ri-n  ii.ii.  ■     Pertaining  to  or 
icrlnce     -I).  <utr. 
s»r  'ri-l.  _•  .  rhi  aol  ol  violat- 

icred.     [OF.,    <   1 
-.1.    ri-ir 'gtous,        I.  Having  oom- 
■  .it.  sacrilege;  Imploua     '•!. 
PKOl  \m       -;,i  'rl- 
|.    i i. mi  — 1> .    ■  .''      iaC"rt-le'giOUa-nesS, 
M  trine,  1    .   .  .ration. 

I  i  oonae- 

-.i  red  ]      sa'rrynget. — sa'- 
rrlng   I..  II    . 

HM    r i ~- 1 -i ii .    .  lac'ris-tan,  n.     An  officer 

risty.     (  <   F.  sacristain,    <   I.. 

ia«  rl--l>  .  -• .   pi  1      A   r.K.m   in  a 

I  vestments. 
-.i  .rum.  .  s&'erum,  n.     [-CBA,  ;>/.]   A 

oomp  irmed  by  the  union  of  the  vertebne  be- 

;.  the  lumbar  and  caudal  regions,  constituting  the 
of  the  pelvis.    (<  I.  sacrum,  neut.  ol 

:  formerly  in  sacrifices  | 
sad.  1  sad;  2  Bid,  o.    [bad'dhr;  bad'dbbt.]    1.  Feeling  or 
w  ;  mournful;  Bloomy      '!■  <  laus- 
g .  unfortunate.    S.  ( Prov  \ 
bread.    4  .  Dark-colored;  som- 
".   .  grave;   calm.      [<   AS.   sad,  aated.] 

Synj  affli.  I  lesolate,  despondent, 

.^Litc.  dLsn.  .  :    doleful,  downcast,  dreary, 

dull,  gloomy,  grave,  heavy,  lugubrious,  melancholy,  miser- 
able, mournful,  sober,  somber,  sorrowful,  sorry,  unhappy. 
wobegone.  woful.  Sad.  milanchnly.  unhappy,  and  many 
similar  words  may  be  used  cither  of  the  personal  experience 
lief,  sorrow,  mental  depression,  etc..  or  of  thai  which 
causes  grief  or  pain:  a  person  Ls  tad  on  account  ol 

Syilj  see  bad.  — Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  HAPPT. 
»ad  'd.  n.         '  sad  'l> .  adv. 

sad'n*--.  iw;  melancholy.     Syu.:  sec  chief. 

tad 'die,  i  1  aadl;  2  -vi'l     I.  rf.    [bat/dud;  bao'dlhtg.] 
hadT,     j  1.  To  p  .•  u,  as  a  horse.    2.  To  load, 

as  with   a   burden;   al- 

is  a  burden:  often  with 

II.  1. 

I  to  support  a  rider,  as  on 

back  of  a  horse  or  oil  a 

bicy  .'.  ush- 

ion  I  -..as 

ipport 
a  pack,  etc  3.  The  two  hind 
quarters  of  a  carcass,  as  of 
mutton,  v  o;  also, 

■  such  a 
carcass.      4.    Somethii 
sembliog    a    saddle    in    form, 
posi  • 

with  sloping  sid.  - 
of    a    c-ir-axl'-,    i 
tidnl.  saddN        -a.l  ill.    bags", 
n.  pi        A  pair  of 

I  strap  or  band  and 
slung  over  an   animal's   I 
attached  to  a  sad  I.  bow, 

n.    The  arched  front  upper  pari  -  - 

kU;   B.  ■"irr'.I..    >: 
,t-fi  *i»*tr»pi:     L     wl 

i.   .-Irth.  ■  •  as  OIBTH,   1 

•       hor-c,      •  \      DOT    I       llSed  I       .  ■.,.',,;     m,    n,    CMtl*    foaitar-. 

'     '  the  Saddle       -  ttr»|.;  ...  ',u»rt«r.«tr»prlnr;;,.  <JU*T- 

»ad  'dler,    n.      1.   \   maker   ol 

ler-y,  n,      [-iesz,  pi.]     1. 
Qes,  harness,  and  fittings,  collectively.     2.  The  busi- 
ness of  a  saddler.    3.  A  saddler's  Bhop.— s.«tree,  n.  1.  The 


United 

Army 

Saddle 

,  prontncl  <y*t«f  Ur*F>: 


frame  ..f  ■  taddle      I  probabl)  from 

ddlc-ohapod  leal 

-  i.i  .in-. , .  .  \    .  optical  J(  «  lah 

id  com  urj    before  >  'nrlst,  «  hose 

members  ndherod  onlj  to  tho  Mosalo  law      [<Or   Saddou- 

ii.  rounder  I 

Had  .in-. -i  'lei,        Relating  to  or  cliaracterliitlo  of  Uic  lad 
H  i.r  iiu-i  .'.in.         8ad"du-i  .r  .in : .    Bad 'da 
.    .    Ism,        Bad  iiii-ci-in  . 
^.i  ,ii.  |  . .;,    Muslin  ed  Deen  (11847  1891T)      \ 

i>...t  and  rnorallsl 
sad  '>l"roii,  i  ■ ...  n     A  flatdron 

Ba'do-n  ..  do-va,  i      \  urn  n  In  N    i     Bo- 

hemia uh.rc  the  Prussians  defeated  the  Austrlana,  i 
lae,  i.  adi    [8ool  1   Bo 

laeng'er-fettt,   l    lerj'or-fi  \   musical 

[ostlval  lor  competition  in  song,  held  as  by  Qermaa  sing- 
ing lang'er-festt. 
safe,  I.  ■  I.  Free  or  freed  from  dangei  ..r 
evil  'I.  Having  escaped  injury  or  damage;  unharmed. 
:i.  \..i  haaardous;  no1  involving  risk  ..r  loss;  also,  oon- 
ferrii  i ibb,  trustj  ;  prudent  4.  \..i 
likely  to  disappoint;  free  from  doubl  oi  error; 

to  promise  or  affirm.    5.  I'm  beyond  the  powei  ..t 
harm,  aa  by  being  disabli  d,  imprisoned,  ..i  dead 
II.  n.     1.  A  stronn  iron*and«8tee]  receptacle,  usually 
lire-proof,  for  protecting  valuables,  as  monej  or  jewels. 
'!.  \t.\  plao  irage,  as  a  room,  tank,  or  box,  for 

preserving  perishable  articles,  as  meal  or  lish      8.    \ 
tive  appliance,  an  in  saddlery  or  plumbing.    |  < 

i.|       .'  ,',         I.     .,     US,   whole  I      S.vn.:   sec  BBC1  RE       -.il.  ' 

coii"duct,  a.    iniir.  Law.    Aii  official  document  given,  as- 
suring protection  on  a  Journey  or  voyage,  aa  In  time  ol  war. 
safe'guard".  n.  One  who  or  thai  which  guards  or  Iteepa 

In  safely.     S.vn.:   Bl  <p= 

S,  keeping,    n       The   BCl    or  (*\    " 

of  keeping  or  being  kepi  ^^ 
In  safety,     iafe'Iy,  adi      safe'ty,  n. 

The  -i. iic  or  condition  ..f  being  safe. 
.I.    freedom    rrom   danger   or   risk. 

..'.  I  r.cdom  from  Injury,     CSi  Ilarm- 

lesanesB.       safe'nessj.        safe'ty< 

lamp",  n.      1.     A  miner's  lamp  sur- 

rounded    by  hn<'  wire  gauze,  which 
prevents   the   Ignition    ol    explosive 

gases;     called     from     lis    Inventor    a 

davy.    8.  A  specially  protected  elec- Lever   Safety*  valve 

trie   lamp  -safe'ty  =matrh",   n.      A       with     Low  -  water 
match    that    will     Ignite    only    when      Alarm. 
Struck  upon    a    chemically  prepared     „  loT„. ,,_  ,i,mr.  r_  ,,nm. 
surface      safe't>  =pln",     n.       A    pin     •  niatie;  /. 

polnl  springs  Into  place  within  «im««bIw;  g,  flmt 
a  protecting  Sheath,     safe'ty  =vahr", 

n.  A  valve  In  a  steam-boiler,  etc.,  for  automatically  re- 
lieving excessive  pressure. 

saf 'frou,  1  Baf'ren;  2s;"if'ron.  I.  a.  Of  thecolorof  siifTron. 
Q.n.  1.  The  dried  orange-colored  stigmas  of  the  saffron* 
plant, used  for  coloring  purposes.  2.  The  plant  producing 
saffron,  an  autumn-flowering  species  of  crocus.  3,  A 
deep  orange  color.     [<  Ar.F  za  faran,  <  sa/rd,  yellow.) 

S.  Afr.,  oTOr.    South  Africa.  South-African. 

sart.a.  &mlr.    [Scot]    Soft. 

.sat;,  1  [bagqeo,  saqdb;  bao'qinq.]    1. 

To  bend  or  cause  to  bend  downward,  especially  in  the 
middle  ">.  To  sink  and  yield,  as  under  misfortune  3, 
ffaut.   To  drift  to  leeward.     4.  To  move  lazily;  loiter. 

sac,  "     A  sagging,  or  its  extent  or  degree. 

sa'ua,  1  Bo'gs;  2  B&'fia,  n.  A  Scandinavian  myth  or  heroic 
story.    [lee.] — sa'ira-man.  n.    A  Scandinavian  bard, 

sa-tca'cious,  1  BS-^e^sTltJS;  2  sa-ga'shus,  a.  1.  Ready  and 
apttoapprehendaudtodecideonacourse.  2. Character- 
ized by  discernment,  shrewdness,  and  wisdom,  3.  Quick 
of  scent,  aa  a  hound.  [<  L.  sagio,  perceive  quickly.] 
Syn.:able.  acute,  apt,  Clearsighted,  discerning.  Intelligent. 
JUdldOUS,    keen,    keen-slghlc'l.    keen-wil  led,    persplcai 

quick  ol  scent,  rjulck-ecented,  rational,  aage,  sensible,  shari>, 

sharp-witted,  shrewd,  wise.  Sagacious  refers  to  a  power  of 
tracing  the  bidden  or  recondite  by  Slight  indications,  as  by 
Instlnd  or  Intuition;  with  reference  to  Inferior  animals  It  Is 

appiii  .i  to  Bpeclal  keenness  of  sense-perception  as  of  a 
hound    In    following   a   trail.      In   human   affairs  snaacious 
refers  to  a  power  of  ready,  faiyreaching,  and  accurate  In- 
ference from  observed  facts,   perhaps  In   themselves  very 
eema  like  a  Bpeclal  sense;  or  to  a  similar  readl- 
to  toresee  the  results  ol  any  action,  especially  upon 
human  motives  or  conduct- a  kind  of  prophetic  common 
i  ion   1 1  a  broader  and  nobler  word  than  -hn  wd, 

and  no!  capable  of  the  Invidious  sense  which  the  latter  word 

often  bears;  on  the  other  hand,  sagacious  ls  less  lofty  than 

..  lis  full  sense,  and  more  limited  to  practical  matters. 

See  acute;  astute;  knowing;  poutic;  prudent;  wise,— 


1:8=  final;    l  =  habit^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    I)  =  sine;    thin,   this.      Sacrifice 
687       2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,    cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this  Sake 


Ant.:  absurd,  dull,  foolish,  futile,  ignorant.  Irrational,  obtuse, 
senseless,  silly,  simple,  sottish,  stupid,  unintelligent. — sa- 
ga'clous-ly,  adv. — sa-ga'cious-ness,  n.— sa-gac'l-ty,  n. 
The  quality  of  being  sagacious;  ready  and  accurate  judg- 
ment.   Syn.:  see  acumen;  wisdom. 

sag'a-morc,  1  sag'a-mor;  2  sag'a-mor,  n.  An  Indian 
tribal  chief,  probably  inferior  to  sachem.    [Am.  Ind.] 

sage,  1  sej ;  2  sag,  a.  1.  Characterized  by  calm,  far-seeing 
wisdom  and  prudence.  2.  Befitting  a  sage;  profound; 
learned;  also,  grave;  serious.  [F.]  Syn.:  see  sagacious; 
wise.— sage'ly,  adv.—  sage 'ness,  n. 

sage1,  n.  A  person,  especially  a  venerable  man,  of  expe- 
rience, prudence,  and  foresight. 

sage2,  n.  1.  A  plant  of  the  mint  family,  especially  the 
common  garden  sage,  a  stiff  shrubby  perennial  of 
southern  Europe,  used  for  flavoring  meats,  etc.  2.  Any 
one  of  various  other  plants.  3.  The  sage-brush.  [  < 
F.  sauge.] — sage'sbrush",  n.  A  shrubby  plant  of  the  aster 
family,  abundant  on  the  elevated  plains  of  the  western 
United  States.  [halin. 

Sa"gha-llen',  1  sa"ga-lin';  2  sa"ga-len',  n.     Same  as  Sak- 

Sag'I-naw,  1  sag'i-ne;  2  sag'i-na,  n.  A  manufacturing  city  in 
central  S.  Michigan;  pop.  65,000. 

sag'it-tal,  1  saj'i-tal:  2  s&g'i-tal,  o.  Pertaining  to  or 
shaped  like  an  arrow;  straight;  as  the  sagittal  suture 
(between  the  two  parietal  bones  of  the  skull).  [<  L. 
sagitta,  arrow.]    sag'it-tatej. 

Sag"It-ta'ri-a,  1  saj"i-te'n-a;  2  sag"i-ta'rl-a,  n.  Bot.  A  genus 
of  aquatic  herbs  having  arrow-shaped  leaves.  [  <  L.  Sagit- 
tarius, of  an  arrow,  <  sagitta,  arrow.] 

Sag"it-ta'ri-US,  1  saj"i-te'n-us;  2  sag"i-ta'ri-us,  n. 
Astron.  1.  A  zodiacal  constellation,  the  Archer.  2. 
The  ninth  sign  of  the  zodiac.    [L.] 

sag'lt-ta-ry,  1  saj'i-te-n;  2  sag'i-ta-ry.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertain- 
ing to  archery  or  to  an  arrow;  arrow-like.  II.  n.  [-riesz, 
pi.]  1.  Myth.  A  centaur.  2.  [S-J  Astron. 
Sagittarius.  3.  [S-]  A  place  mentioned  by 
Shakespeare  in  Othello  (act  1,  sc.  1).  [<  L. 
Sagittarius,  <;  sagitta,  arrow.] 

sag  'it-tate,  1  saj'i-tet;  2  sag'i-tat,  a.  Shaped 
like  an  arrow-head,  as  certain  leaves.  [<  L. 
sagitta,  arrow.] 

sa'go,  1  se'go;  2  sa'go,  n.  A  farinaceous 
food  prepared  from  the  soft  inner  por- 
tions of  various  East-Indian  palms. 
[  <  Malay  sdgu.] 

Sag"ue-nay',  1  sag*i-ne';  2  sag"e-na',  n.  A 
river  in  Quebec  province,  Canada;  length, 
110  m.  to  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Sa-gun'tum,  1  sa-gun'tum;   2  sa-gun'tum, 

n.  An  ancient  fortified  town  in  E.  Spain:  Sagittate  Leaf 
the  modern  Sag  unto  or  Muvledro;  de-  of  Saglttaria 
stroyed  by  Hannibal,  219  B.  C.  variabilis. 

sag'y,  1  sej'r,  2  sag'y,  a.  Flavored  or  sea-  a,  leaf;  b,  theflow- 
soned  with  or  like  sage.  ere;  *•  r°°l  »nd  !«•'• 

Sa-ha'ra,  1  sa-ha'ra;  2  sa-ha'ra,  n.    An  im- BtalkB- 
mense  desert  plateau  of  N.  E.  Africa;  3,500,000  sq.  m. 

sa'hlb,  1  sa'lb;  2  sa'lb,  n.  Master;  lord;  Mr.;  sir:  used  in 
India  by  natives  in  speaking  of  or  addressing  Europeans. 
lHind.,<  Ar.  sdhib.]     sa'hebi. 

salce,  1  sais;  2  sic,  n.  [Bengal.]  A  groom,  sycet. 

said,  1  sed;  2  sed,  imp.  &  pp.  of  say,  v. 

said,  pa.  Law.  Previously  mentioned;  aforesaid. 

Sal-gon',  1  sai-gen';  2  si-g6n',  n.  A  seaport  on  a  river  of  the 
same  name,  capital  of  Cochin-China,  French  Indo-Chlna. 

sail,  1  sel;  2  sal,  v.  I.  (.  1.  To  manage  the  motion  of  on 
the  water;  navigate:  said  of  any  vessel  propelled  by 
the  wind,  and  by  extension  of  any  craft  not  propelled  by 
hand,  as  a  steamer.  2.  To  pass  over  as  in  a  ship  or  boat. 
II.  i.  1.  To  be  driven  forward  on  the  water  by  the  wind: 
said  also  of  mechanical  propulsion,  as  by  steam,  but 
not  when  by  oars.  2.  To  be  carried  over  the  water  in  a 
ship  or  any  craft;  travel  by  water.  3.  To  begin  a  voy- 
age; set  sail.  4.  To  fly  without  flapping  the  wings,  as  a 
hawk;  float,  as  a  cloud  across  the  sky.  5.  [Colloq.l  To 
move  or  sweep  along.  [<  AS.  seglian,  <  eegl,  sail.]— 
sall'a-ble},  a.    Navigable,  -sail 'er,  n.    A  vessel  that  sails. 

sail,  n.  1.  A  piece  of  canvas,  etc.,  attached,  as  to  the 
mast  or  yards  of  a  vessel,  to  secure  its  propulsion  by 
the  wind.  See  ship.  2.  A  sailing  vessel  or  craft:  plural 
same  as  singular.  3.  A  trip  or  passage  in  a  sailing  vessel, 
or,  loosely,  in  any  water-craft.  4.  Anything  resembling 
a  sail  in  form  or  use.  [  <  AS.  segl,  sail.)  sail 'boat",  n. 
A  small  boat  propelled  by  a  sail  or  sails.  -  sall'*cloth",  n. 
Any  fabric  suitable  for  sails.  B.tlOft,  n.  A  room  where 
Hulls  are  cut  out  and  sewed       sall'lcss,  u.    Having  DO  sails. 

sail'or,  1  sel'or;  2  sal'or,  n.    A  seaman;  mariner, 

Syn.:  mariner,  seafarer,  seafaring  man,  seaman.  In  nauti- 
cal language  sailors  and  siiimcit  are  exclusive  Of  Officers;  but 
In  literary  use  all  whose  vocation  Is  navigation  are  figura- 
tively termed  sailors  or  seamen.  Mariner  Is  a  poetic  and 
also  a  legal  term  for  any  seafaring  man;  In  the  United 


States  statutes  mariner  denotes  any  person,  from  captain 
to  cook,  who  is  engaged  in  the  merchant  service.- — Ant.: 
landsman. — sail'or-ly,  adv. 
sain,  1  sen;  2  san,  vt.  [Scot,  or  Obs.l  To  sign  or  bless  with  the 
sign  of  the  cross,  to  preserve  against  malign  influence.  [< 
AS.  segnian,  <  L.  signum,  sign.] 
sain'foin,  1  sen'[or  san'Jfoin;  2  san'[or  san']foin,  n.  An  Old 
World  perennial  clover-like  herb  of  the  bean  family,  with 
variegated  flowers,  cultivated  for  forage.  [F.]  salnt'folnt. 
saint,  1  sent;  2  sant.  Id.  vt.  To  canonize;  venerate  as  a 
saint.  II.  a.  Holy;  canonized:  as  a  title,  abbreviated 
to  St.  III.  n.  1.  A  holy,  godly,  or  sanctified  person;  in 
the  New  Testament,  any  Christian  believer  (Eph.  i,  1). 
2.  Such  a  person  who  has  died  and  been  enrolled  among 
those  venerated  by  certain  churches,  as  the  Roman 
Catholic.  3.  Any  one  of  the  blessed  in  heaven.  4.  An 
angel. — Saint  Agnes's  Eve,  the  evening  of  January 
20th,  when  old  superstitions  maintained  that  any  young 
girl  might  have  prevision  of  her  future  husband. — St. 
Andrew's  cross,  the  oblique  cross.  See  cross. — St. 
Anthony's  fire,  erysipelas. — St.  Elmo's  fire,  same  as 
corposant. — St.  George's  cross,  the  Greek  cross.  See 
cross. — Salnt=John's'=wort,  n.  A  hardy  perennial  and 
pernicious  weed,  with  deep-yellow  flowers;  found  in  dry 
fields.— St.  Vitus's  dance,  chorea. — salnt'ed,  a.  Num- 
bered among  the  saints;  consecrated;  beatified. — salnt'- 
bood,  n.  1.  The  character  or  condition  of  a  saint,  saint'- 
shlpt.  2.  Saints  collectively.— salnt'like",  a.  Having  the 
character,  manner,  or  appearance  of  a  saint;  befitting  a  saint. 
saint '11-ness,  n.  The  quality  of  being  saintly. —saint 'ly,  a. 
Like  a  saint;  godly;  holy.  Syn.:  see  holy. 
Saint  Al'bans,  1  el'banz;  2  al'bang.  A  city  in  S.  E.  England: 
battlefield  in  Wars  of  the  Roses,  1455  and  1461;  pop.  18,000. 
Saint  Au'gus-tlne",  1  e'gus-tin";  2  a'gus-tin*.     A  city  in 

N.  E.  Florida;  oldest  town  in  the  United  States. 
Saint"  Ber"nard',  1  san"  ber'nar'  or  sent  bar-nard';  2  san" 
ber'nar'  or  sant  ber-nard'.  Great.  A  pass  in  the  Alps,  be- 
tween Switzerland  and  Italy;  8,108  ft.  high;  crossed  by 
Napoleon's  army,  May,  1800. — Saint  Bernard  dog,  one 
of  a  breed  of  sagacious  dogs  bred  at  the  monastery  of  Saint 
Bernard,  Switzerland.  See  doo. 
Saint  Clair,  1  klar;  2  clar.      A  lake  S.  of  Ontario,  Canada; 

396  sq.  m. 
Saint  De"nls',  1  san  de'nl';  2  san  de'nl'.    A  town  In  N. 

France;  the  burial-place  of  French  kings;  pop.  72,000. 
Sainte"sBeuve',  1  sant"-buv';  2  sant"=buv',  Charles  Au- 

gustin  (1804-1869).    A  French  literary  critic. 
Saint  E-U'as,  1  sent  i-lai'as;  2  sant  e-ll'as.    A  volcanic  peak 

in  S.  Alaska;  18,100  ft.  high. 
Saint  Gau'dens,  1  sent  go'denz;  2  sant  ga'deng,  Augustus 

(1848-1907).    An  Irish-American  sculptor. 
Saint  Goth'ard,  1  sent  getn'ard;  2  sant  goth'ard.    A  moun- 
tain chain,  pass,  and  railroad  tunnel  (91  m.)  in  the  Swiss- 
Italian  Alps. 
Saint  He-le'na,  1  sent  lu-ll'na;  2  sant  he-ie'na.     A  British 
island  in  the  S.  Atlantic,  1,200  m.  W.  of  Africa:  Napoleon 
held  captive,  1815-1821,  and  Boer  prisoners,  1901-1902. 
Saint  Johns,  1  sent  jonz;  2  sant  jong.     A  river  in  N.  E. 

Florida;  350  m.  to  the  Atlantic  ocean. 
Saint  John's.    The  capital  of  Newfoundland;  pop.  32,300. 
Saint  Jo'seph.     A  city  in  N.  W.  Missouri;  pop.  77,000. 
Saint  Law'rence,  1  lo'rcns;  2  la/renc.    1.  A  river  of  Canada. 
the  outlet  of  the  Great  Lakes;  1,900  m.  to  the  Gulf  of  Saint 
Lawrence.    2.  Gulf  of,  an  Inlet  of  the  Atlantic  ocean,  \\    of 
Newfoundland.  [sissippl  river;  pop.  850,000. 

Saint  Lou 'Is,  1  lu'is:  2  lu'ls.     A  city  In  Missouri,  on  the  MIs- 
Salnt"=Ml"hlel',  1  safi'-mril';  2  san"-mi"Il',  n.     A  town  In 
N.  E.  France;  here  the  Allies  opposed  the  Germans,  1914. 
Saint  Nich'o-Ias.    See  Santa  Claus. 
Saint  Paul,  1  pel;  2  pal.    1.  See  Paul.    2.  A  city,  capital  of 

Minnesota;  pop.  290,000. 

Saint  Paul  de  Lo-an  'da,  1  da  lo-un'da;  2  de  lo-iin'da.    A  city, 

capital  of  Angola;  pop.  20,000.  ll'iTitoonAD. 

Saint  Pe'ters-burg,  1  pi'tarz-burg;  2  pe'tcrs-burg    Same  as 

Salnt"=Plerre',  1  saiV-pycr';  2  san'-pyet'.  Jacques  Henri 

Bernardln  de  (1737-1814).    A  French  author. 
Salnt"=Quen"tln\  1  sah"-knh"tan';  2  sflfi"-kiin*tiiii',  rt.     A 
town  In  N.  10.  France;  pop.  56,000;  taken  by  the  Germans 
March  21,  1918. 
Salnt"=Sacns,  1  safi'-suiis' ;  2  sah"-sahs',  Charles  Camllle 

(1835-         ).    A  French  composer  and  organist. 
Saint" sSI"mon',  1  safi'-sl'mon'  or   (Eng.)   sent-snl'man;  2 
san'-sl'mon'  or  (Eng.)  sant»sl'mon,  Count  (1760-1825). 
Claude  Henri  de  Rouvroy,  founder  or  French  socialism. 
sair,  1  sar;  2  sar,  a.  [Scot.]  Sore;  sorrowful,     salr'ly,  nrfti. 
sake1,   1  sSk;  2  silk,   n.      1.    Purpose  Of  obtaining  or  ac- 
complishing: with  for  and  the  uai I   the  thing  to  be 

done  or  obtained  preceded  by  of;  as,  to  open  the  window 
for  the  mil.-i  of  aii.  2.  Interest ,  regard,  or  affectionate  or 
reverent  consideration,  felt  for  any  person  or  thing;  ac- 
count: commonly  wit  li  for  and  B  possessive;  .-in,  for  J  OUI 
sake;  for  the  sake  of  your  children.  3|.  Fault;  offense. 
4f.  Contention.    [  <  AS.  oacu,  strife.] 


take 

Sailli 


iiiii.,  I  i  5;      ,•!•         ii         ii  ii 

I.  I4l.fi         I  |       |  •      i         a  i  f6.  ndl,  6r,  wdii,         CsS 


tad  i-m  i   . 

.  ,i   .-r.ii  i-i> 

-  .-I  i  ,  i - •  1 1 ~ . 

-ii,--. 

-  ,1    i.l. 


•  in 


»»-l»m 

v»l"a-m.m   >i 
mil;  ' 


-  i   k .  .        -.1.1 

".il    i  in  IM..II  i  n 
-  il   -...I  i. 
utl  total  Up, 

I 
II 

duting  i 

I  il     i-M    ■  - .  Ml     i-Mi  . 

I  uslfui;  lochcr- 
•  ]•  1    -I). 

I         lish  of  green  herbs  or 

:  -,-r\  id  « ii  Ii  .i  dress- 
liopjx  .1  cold  meal .  fish,  etc 
I 
I  .i.l  .in-.  "i  and  Inexperience 

9alah<ed< 
;>t  ami  Syria,  defended 
rOB  laff 

\  v\l 

\         .   In  I.e.. ii.  Spain,  has 

nJ'u-man  <i.  r.  oan'dor;  2  a&l'a-m&n'der,  n.    1. 

:  ■  •  i  i I >— 

I  a:.  •• 

live  in 

- 

,  lially.any 

P^  European  spotted  Salamander. 

ran  stand  . 

irdened  metal  or  slag  remaining 

in  t:  after  the  fires  an-  drawn. 

[<  Gr.L""  salamandra,   salamander.]  —  sal"a-man'- 

drln  • 

»»-lam  'brl-a.  1  -..-lam'bn-a:  2  sa-lam'brl-a.  n.    The  principal 

length,  130  m. 
to  t:  nlkl. 

*al'»-ml>,   1  sal'd-mbi:  2  sal'a-mls,   n       Hi').     1.   A 
-  m.     2.  An  Island  oft  the  coast  of  Attica,  Gn  • 
sq.  m.:  Grt-  -  In  naval  battle  480  B.  < '. 

^al'a-ry,  1  -  I   .         To  pay  or  allot  a 

salar  II.  [-iuesz.  pi.]     A  periodical  all 

ii'i.il   or  professional  services. 

'  ^alt.l 
Snu  allowance,  compensation,  earnings,  fee,  hire,  bi 
rlum.  pay.  payment,  recompen  ■  tlon,  requital 

stipend,  wanes.     An  allowance  Ls  a  stipulated  amount   fur- 
nished at  regular  Intervals  as  a  matter  of  discretion  or  gra- 
tuity, as  of  food  to  besieged  soldiers,  or  i>f  money  to  a  child 
or  ward.    Compensation  Is  a  comprehensive  word  signifying 
a  return  for  a  service  done.     Remuneration   ls   applied  to 
matters  of  great  amount  or  Importance.     Recompense  Is  a 
rider  arid  loftier  word,  with  less  suggestion  of  calcula- 
tion and  market  value:  thi  a  for  which 
and  gratitude  are  the  sole  and  sufficient  ret 
trigs.                        ,    Hilary,  and  wanes  are  forms  of  compen- 
sation and  may  be  included  In  compensation,  remun. 
or  reuimpi  r.                       immercial,  and  strictly  signifies  an 

(bivalent    for  a  thing    or  servie,  . 
wher.  ted.  as  when  we  -: 

high  pay  or  poor  pay.     Wages  denotes  what  a  worker  re- 
•. .  equivalent  •■ 
to  the  real  value  of  work 

applied  to  inanimate 

things:  as.  '  •  of  capital.     Bin   i    distinctly  mer- 

•  Dual,   but   as  a  noun   has  gone  out    of   popular 
-non.      Salary  Is  for  literary 
for  handicraft  or  other  compar- 
bxferlor  service;  a   Hilary   Is  regarded   as  more   per- 
manent than  wages:  an  editor  n  ry,  a  composl- 
■ragts.     Stipend  has  become  exclusively  a  liter- 
ary -a                                                     Jle  MTVlee  or  privilege.,  and 
-  In  the  nature  of  a  gratuity.  Compare  BEQUITB 
•  il  '  •.-n.il,  pa. 
sale,  1  -       .               I.  .                     ling; the ezcbi 

■   -  money  or  it-  equivalent,    2.  An  auction. 
I  selling;  demand  by  pur 
•  11] 
Synj  bargain,  barter,  change,  deal,  exchange,  trade.     A 
bargain  Is  strictly  an  agreement  or  contract  to  buy 
(see  ' 

and  ai-o  at  a  designation  for  the  thing 
sold  or  purchase/1.  Change  and  exchange  are  words  of  wider 
signification,  applying  only  Incidentally  to  the  transfer  of 


■nothing  different  in 

luivalrni  or  return,  Iho  not   neoi         I  payment 

.I  in, ..in  •, 
ill)  »  nil  reference  to 

poi  Labi iiniodll 

1  .  bul    i  -  d(  noting  B 

single  transaction   Is  used  chief!)    In  regard   to  till 

.  duo,  when  it  becomi  in:  mou    n  Ith 

Salt  Is  commonly,  and  with  li 

limited  to  tho  iron  fi    ol  propert]  for  i .  oi  ri 

thing  e  -iiin.it,  d  nl  a  mom  i  quit  a 

lent  to  so  much  mone]  npare  definition  3)     \  deal  In  the 

polltli  bargain,  substitution,  or  transfer  for  the 

benefit  ot  certain  persons  or  part  lee  against  all  others;  as.  the 
nomination  ol  a  deal;  in  business  n  may  have 

a  similar  meaning,  bul  it  frequent! 

.        Ol    ..'.  'Hi  '.  ".ill     '.!■ 

hi   B    .  Hue  at  BALABLI        sales  'man,  n      I   iiin.ji/]    A 

man  who  sills  g I         sales  '«  o'liian,  n        \   woman  who 

U    In   a   shop   or   store:    vulgarly,    tolttlady. 
sale'wurk";,  it.     Work  made  fOI  work 

Salem,  l  -.  l<  i    n,    1.  i<u>   (ii  Qrn.  \iv.  i  - 

Same  a"  .11  in  -  m  l  M       P      IXXVl,  2      Z     \  manufaet  iirlng  ell  > 

.1  ; ' .;  pop    18.700     8.  a  oil  i .  capital  ol 

i  iregon;  pop   i  1. 100 

-al'V-ru'itis,  i  Bal'i-rfi'ttre;  2  Bal'e-ra'tus,  rt.  1.  Potas- 
sium or  sodium  bicarbonate,  lor  us,-  in  cooker]  '-■ 
Cooking*eoda.    [<  NL.  tal  aerafus,  aerated  sail  | 

Salic,  i  Bal'Ut;  :.'  sal'le.  a     Characterising  a  law,  the  Salic 

law,  derived  from  Teutonic-  .mines  in  the  6th  century,  and 
providing  that  males  should  inherit  lands  In  preferi 
females:  long  observed  In  regard  to  the  sueeesslon  to  I  uro 
pean  thrones.     [<   F.  sallquc,  <   Salll,  a  tripe  of  1  ranks  1 

Sallauet. 

sal'i-cyrir,  1  sal'i-sll'ik;  2  sal'l-cyl'lc,  a.    Of,  pertaining  to, 

or  derived  from  certain  willows.    [  <  L.  sallx  Italic-),  willow, 

salli*)  lie  acid,  a  w  lute  crystalline  compound  eon- 

talned  m  various  plants  and  also  made  synthetically   from 

phenol,    ii  is  an  antiseptic  and  la  used  In  medli 
sa'li-»'lit,  1  se'li-eut;  2  sali-ent.     I.  a.     l!  Standing  out 
prominently;  striking.    2.  Extending  beyond  i  he  general 
line;  projecting,  3.  Leap  ting.    II.  n.  A  salieni 

angle,  as  of  a  fortification.       <  P.  saillant,  <  L.  salio, 
leap]     -ly,  adv.     -ncss,  r».—  sa'II-ence,  n.   sa'll-en-cyj. 

sa-llf  'it-iius,  l  so-llf'ar-us;  2  sa-llf'er-us,  a.  Ge*>i  I  lontalnlng 
a  considerable  proportion  of  salt  In  beds  or  as  brine:  said  of 
strata.    [  <  L.  sal,  salt,  +  fero,  bear.] 

sal'l-f>,  1  sal'i-fui:  2  sal'i-fy.  rt.  Chern.  To  combine  with  a 
salt  or  so  as  to  form  a  salt,  as  with  an  add  [<  L.  sal,  salt, 
+  -fy.]— sari-fi"a-bl(e,  a.— sal"l-fi-ca'tlon,  n. 

sa'line,  1  se'lain;  2  su'line,  a.  Constituting  or  consisting 
of  salt ;  containing  salt;  salty. — sa-lin'i-ty,  n. 

Salls'bur-y,  1  solz'bnr-i:  2  sals/bur-y.  n.  1.  Marquis  of 
(1830-1903).  Robert  t  laSCOlgne  '  lecil.an  lCnglish  statesman. 
•».  \  cathedral  town  In  Wiltshire.  England.  3.  IMaln,  a 
level  tract  in  Wiltshire,  England;  contains  Btonehenge. 

sa-li'va,  1  B8-lai'va;  2  sa-B'va,  ".  The  fluid  secreted  by 
the  glands  of  the  mouth;  spittle.  (I..] — sal'l-va-ry,  a. 
— sal'l-vate,  vi .  [-VAT"ra>*;  -VAT*INO.]  To  produce  saliva- 
tion in. — sal"l-va'tlon,  n.  An  abnormally  Increased  flow  of 
saliva,  especially  when  due  to  the  effect  of  drugs,  as  mercury. 

sail,  1  sal;  2  sal,  rt.  [Prov.  or  Obs.)  Shall. 

sal 'let,  1  sal'et;  2  sal'et,  n.  A  hemispherical  helmet  of  the 
lath  century.  [<  OF.  salade,  <  L.  czlatus,  engraved,  < 
ctelum,  chisel.)    sal'ade;. 

sal 'low,  1  sal'o;  2  sal'o,  a.  Of  an  unhealthy  yellowish 
eolor:  said  chiefly  of  the  human  skin.  [<  AS.  salo, 
sallow.]     -ly,  adr.    -ness,  n.—  sal'low-lsh,  a. 

sallow1,  n.  [f^ng.l  One  of  various  yellowish  moths. 

sal 'low2,  n,  1.  Any  one  of  various  willows.  2.  An  osier;  a 
willow-shoot.     [<  AS.  sealh,  sallow.] 

Sal 'lust,  1  sal'ust;  2  sal'ust,  Calus  Sallustlus  t'rlspus 
(86-35  B.  C).     A  Roman  historian. 

sal'ly,  1  sal'i;  2  sal'y.  Lri,  [sal'lied;  sal'ly-ing.]  To 
issue,  leap,  or  rush  out  suddenly;  make  a  sally;  set  out 
with  spirit.  II.  n.  [hal'liesz,  pi.]  1.  A  rushing  forth, 
as  of  besieged  troops  against  besiegers;  sortie.  2.  A 
going  forth,  as  on  a  walk  or  excursion.  3.  A  sudden 
overflow  of  spirits.  4.  Arrli.  A  projection;  salient. 
o,  leap.]  sallyport",  n.  A  gate  or  passage 
to  give  egress  to  sallying  parties. 

sal"l>  iunn',  1  sal"i-lun';  2  sal'ylun',  n.  A  raised  and  sweet 
cued  tea»cake  resembling  a  muffin.  [Said  to  be  named  froin 
the  originator  in  Hath.  England.]    sal"ly dun','. 

sal"nia-Bun'di,  1  sal'me-gim'di;  2  sal"ma-gtin'di,  n.  1. 
A  dish  of  chopped  meat,  anchovies,  eggs,  onions,  eto  , 
mixed  and  seasoned.  2.  Hence,  any  medley  or  miscel- 
lany. [<  I  .  <  It.  salame,  salt  meat,  + 
to,  seasoned.] 

sal'ml,  1  sal'mi;  2  sal'ml.  n.  A  spiced  dish  of  birds  or  game, 
roamed,  minced,  and  stewed  in  wine.    [V.\    sal 'mis  J. 


1:  a  =  final;    I  =  habit^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell:    iu  =  feud;    thin;    go;    n  =  sing;    thin,    this. 
689        2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;  thin,   this. 


sake 

Samos 


salin'on,  1  sam'an;  2  sam'on,  n.  1.  A  fish  of  the  North 
Atlantic,  brownish  above,  silvery  on  the  sides,  with 
black  spots.  See  fish.  2.  One  of  various  other  fishes. 
3.  A  color  of  a  reddish*  or  pinkish=orange  tint,  salm'- 
on=col"orj.  [<  F.  saumon,  <  L.  salmo(n-),  salmon.] 
— salm'onsber"ry,  n.  An  erect  branched  shrub  of  the 
northern  United  States;  the  white=flowered  raspberry.  Its 
red  fruit  Is  edible,  but  of  disagreeable  flavor. — sal'mon- 
oid,  a.  Resembling  a  salmon.  —  s.- trout,  n.  1.  The 
European  sea=trout.  2.  [U.  S.l  Some  other  salmonoid  fish. 
Sa-lo'me,  1  sa-lo'mi;  2  sa-lo'me,  n.  Bib.  1.  Mother  of  James 
and  John.  Mali,  xxvii,  56.  2.  Daughter  of  Herodias,  who 
asked  from  Herod  the  head  of  John  the  Baptist.  Mall.  xiv.  8. 
sa"lon',  1  sci"16h';  2  sa"16h',  n.  1.  A  room  in  which 
company  is  received;  drawing=room ;  hence,  a  fashion- 
able reception.  2.  In  Paris:  (1)  A  periodic  social  reunion, 
under  the  auspices  of  some  distinguished  woman,  of 
noted  persons  (17th  and  18th  centuries).  (2)  One  of 
two  annual  exhibitions  of  works  by  living  artists.  [F.] 
Sa"lo-nl'ki,  1  sdTo-nl'ki;  2  sa"lo-m'ki,  n.  A  Greek  city  on  a 
gulf  of  the  same  name;  pop.  160,000.  Captured  from  Turkey 
in  the  Balkan  war,  1912-1913;  occupied  by  Anglo»French 
army,  October,  1915;  anciently  Thessalonica.  Sa"lo-ni'ka|. 

sa-loon',  1  sa-lun';  2  sa-loon',  n.  1.  A  drawing»room  or 
assembly-room;  salon:  now  rare.  2.  The  main  cabin  of 
a  steamship.  3.  [U.  S.]  A  place  for  the  sale  of  intox- 
icating drinks;  a  grog=shop.  4.  Railway.  (1)  [U.  S.] 
The  main  room  as  of  a  compartment=car.  (2)  [Gt.Brit.] 
An  elegantly  appointed  railway=carriage  similar  to  a  par- 
lor=car  or  Pullman.  [  <  F. salon:  see  salon.] — sa-loon': 
keep"er,  n.  One  who  keeps  a  saloon;  a  liquor=dealer. 
sa-loon '1st}. 

sa-loop',  1  sa-lup';  2  sa-16op',  n.  [Eng.]  An  infusion  of  sassa- 
fras»chips  or  similar  aromatic  herbs,  formerly  used  largely  as 
a  beverage,  as  a  cure  for  rheumatism,  etc. ;  sassafras=tea. 

sal'sl-fy,  1  sal'si-fi:  2  sal'si-fy,  n.  An  Old  World  plant  of  the 
chicory  family  with  white  edible  root.  [<  It.*-  sassefrica, 
goat's*beard.]     oj>(er=plant ;;  vegetable  oyster}. 

salt,  1  selt;  2  salt.  Id.  vt.  1.  To  apply  salt  to;  cure  or 
season  with  salt.  2.  Figuratively,  to  season;  also,  to 
purify.  3.  [Slang.]  To  add  (something)  to  injuriously 
or  deceptively,  as  to  make  fraudulent  deposits  of  rich 
ore  in  a  worthless  mine.  II.  a.  1.  Flavored  with  salt; 
salty;  briny.  2.  Cured  with  salt.  3.  Containing,  grow- 
ing, or  living  in  salt  water.  4f.  Salacious;  licentious; 
gross.  III.  n.  1.  A  widely  distributed  compound  of 
chlorin  and  sodium,  abundant  in  sea=water  and  possess- 
ing valuable  antiseptic  properties.  2.  Chem.  A  com- 
pound of  any  base  with  an  acid.  3.  pi.  A  medicinal 
salt;  cathartic.  4.  Figuratively,  liveliness;  brightness; 
wit.  5.  That  which  preserves  from  corruption  or  gives 
flavor  or  character:  usually  in  the  Biblical  phrase  the 
salt  of  the  earth,  applied  to  persons.  6.  [Colloq.]  A 
sailor.  [  <  AS. sealt,  salt.]— with  a  grain  of  s.,  with  re- 
serve or  doubt. — salt'cel"lar,  n.  A  small  receptacle  for 
table=salt. — salt'er,  n.  One  who  applies,  sells,  or  deals  in 
salt. — salt 'Mi.  a.  Somewhat  salt.— salt'sllek",  n.  A  place 
to  which  animals  resort  to  lick  salt  from  superficial  depos- 
its: a  lick. — salt'ness,  n. — s.span,  n.  1.  A  vessel  In  which 
salt  is  made  by  evaporating  saline  water.  2.  A  pond  or 
basin  from  which  salt  Is  obtained  by  natural  evaporation. 
— s.=rh en m,  n.  One  of  various  skln»eruptions,  as  eczema. 
— s.  ^rising,  n  [U.S.]  Salted  batter  used  as  leaven,  or  bread 
made  from  it. — s.  ^spring,  n.  A  flow  of  salt  water  from  the 
earth.— s. swell,  n.  A  well  from  which  brine  is  obtained.— 
salt'wort",  n.  Any  one  of  various  maritime  plants  used  in 
making  soda»ash. 

sal-ta'tion,  1  sal-te'sfian;  2  sal-ta'shon,  n.  1.  A  leaping 
or  leap,  as  in  a  dance.  2.  A  throbbing  or  palpitation,  as 
of  a  blood=vessel.  [F.,  <  L.  saltatio,  <  sallo,  dance,  < 
salio,  leap]  —sal 'ta-to-ry,  a.  Moving  by  leaps;  leaping; 
adapted  for  leaping,  sal'tantf;  sal"ta-to'rl-alf;  sal'tl- 
grade?. 

Salt  Lake  City.  A  city,  capital  of  Utah;  center  of  Mormon- 
Ism .  pop   93.000. 

salfpe'ter, )  1   s61t"pl'tar;  2  salfpe'ter,  n.      Niter:   ao 

salf'pe'tre,  (  called  colloquially  and  in  commerce.  [  < 
L.'sal,  salt,  -t   petra,  rock.)  [SALT,  II.  a.,  1. 

sall'y,  1  sSlt'i;  2  salt'y.  a.    [hai.t'i-rh;  hai.t'i-kht.)    Same  as 

sa-lu'hri-OUS,  1  Ba-lifl'bn-og;  2  Ha-lu'bri-iis,  a.     Condu- 
cive to  health;  healthful;  wholesome.    [<  L.  salubris,  < 
salus,  health]    Syn.:  see  HEALTHY,     sa-lti'brl-ous-ly,  adv. 
sa-lu'brl-ly,  n.    sa-lii'lirl-oiis-nessj. 

sal'11-ta-ry,  1  sal'yu-te-n;  2  sal'yu-ta-ry,  a.  Calculated 
to  bring  about,  a  sound  condition  by  correcting  evil  or 
promoting  good;  corrective;  beneficial;  healthful.  [< 
1.  salutarU,  <  salus,  health. 1  sal"u-tlf'cr-oust  [Rare]. 
Syn.:  see  HEALTBT;  r/SEPUL.  sal'u-ta-rl-ly,  adv.  sal'u- 
ta-rl-ness,  n. 

sal"u-ta'tlon,  1  sal"yu-tc'sTian;  2  sal"yu-ta'shon,  n.    1. 


The  act  of  saluting;  a  greeting.  2.  Invigoration;  stimu- 
lation.— sa-lu"ta-to'ri-an,  n.  One  who  delivers  a  salu- 
tatory.— sa-lu 'ta-to-ry.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  salutation 
II.  n.  [U.  S.]  [-riesz,  pl.\  An  opening  oration,  as  at  a 
college  commencement. 

sa-lute',  1  sa-liut';  2  sa-lut',  v.  [sa-lut'ed"1;  sa-lut'ing  1 
1. 1.  1.  To  accost  in  welcome  or  reverence.  2.  To  honor 
with  an  official  salute;  receive  with  formal  demonstra- 
tions. 3||.  To  greet  with  a  kiss.  II.  i.  To  offer  a  salute 
[<  L.  saluto,  salute.]    Syn.:  see  address. — sa-Iut'er  n 

sa-lute',  n.  1.  A  greeting  by  display  of  military,  naval, 
or  other  official  honors,  as  by  presenting  arms,  firing 
cannon,  etc.  2.  The  act  of  or  attitude  assumed  in  giving 
a  military  salute.    3.  A  gesture  of  greeting      4.  A  kiss 

sal'va-bl(e,  1  sal'va-bl;  2  sal'va-bl,  a.  Capable  of  being 
saved.     [<  LL.  salvo;  see  save,  p.]—  sal"va-bil'l-ty,  n 

Sal"va-dor',  1  sal"va-d6r';  2  sal"va-dor',  n.  A  republic  in 
Central  America;  7,225  sq.  m.;  pop.  1,225,800:  capital. 
San  Salvador. 

salv'aget,  a.     Savage.—  salv'a-gessef,  n.    Savageness 

sal'vage,  1  sal'vij;  2  sal'vag,  n.  1.  The  saving  of  a  ship, 
cargo,  etc.,  from  loss.  2.  That  which  is  rescued  from 
shipwreck;  also,  compensation  to  the  rescuers.  [OF., 
ult.   <   L.  salvus,  safe.]— sal'vage,  vl.— sal'vag-er,  n 

sal-va'tion,  1  sal-ve'sTian;  2  sal-va'shon,  n.  1.  The  proc- 
ess or  state  of  being  saved;  preservation  from  impending 
evil.  2.  Deliverance  from  sin  and  penalty,  realized  in  a. 
future  state.  3.  Any  means  of  deliverance  from  evil  or 
ruin.  [<  LL.  sahatio(n-),  <  salvo,  save.]— Salvation 
Army,  a  religious  organization  founded  in  England  in  1865 
as  the  Christian  Mission,  by  William  Booth,  which  took  the 
title  of  Salvation  Army  In  1878.— Sal-va'tion-lst,  n.  A 
member  of  the  Salvation  Army. 

salv(ep,  1  sav;  2  sav,  vt.  To  dress  with  salve;  heal  with 
ointment;  hence,  to  cure;  soothe;  palliate. 

salve2,  1  salv;  2  salv,  vt.  &  vi.  To  save  from  loss  at  sea. 
[<  salvage.] 

salv(ep,  1  sav;  2  sav,  n.  1.  A  thick,  adhesive  ointment  for 
local  ailments.  2.  Anything  that  heals,  soothes,  or 
mollifies.     [  <  AS.  sealf,  salve.] 

sal've,  1  sal'vi;  2  sal've,  interj.  Hail!  literally,  be  well.    [L.] 

sal'ver,  1  sal'var;  2  sfil'ver,  n.  A  tray,  as  of  silver.  [  < 
Sp.  salva,  <  salvar,  save.] 

Sal'vl-a,  1  sal'vi-a;  2  sal'vi-a,  n.  Bot.  A  large  genus  of 
plants  of  the  mint  family;  also,  a  plant  of  this  genus.  [< 
L.  salvia,  sage,  <  salvus,  safe.) 

sal'vo1, 1  sal'vo;  2  sal'vo,  n.  A  simultaneous  discharge  of 
artillery.    [  <  It.  salva,  a  salute.] 

sal'vo:,  n.  a  saving  clause;  proviso.  [<  L.  salvo  (in  salvo 
jure,  right  being  reserved),  abl.  of  salvus,  safe.) 

S.  Am.,  abbr.  South  America,  South»American.— Sam. 
Saml.,  abbr.    Samuel.— Sam.,  Saniar.,  abbr.    Samaritan' 

sa-ma'ra,  1  sa-me'ra;  2  sa-ma'ra,  n.    A  one=seeded  fruit 
as  of  the  elm,  ash,  or  maple, 
provided  with  a  membrane 
or  wing.     [L.,  elm«seed.] 

Sa-ma'rl-a,  1  sa-me'n-a;  2  sa- 
ma'rl-a,  n.   Bib.  1.  A  city  of ' 
Palestine  capital  of  the  north-  Samaras  of  an  American  Ash. 
ern  kingdom  of  Israel,  or  the 

hill  on  which  it  was  built.  2.  The  territory  occupied  by 
the  kingdom  of  Israel,  or,  later,  a  restricted  portion  of  cen- 
tral Palestine  occupied  by  the  Samaritans—  Sa-mar'Man. 
I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  Samaria.  II.  n.  1.  One  of  the 
people  of  Samaria,  a  mixed  population  (2  Kings  xvil).  2. 
The  language  of  this  people,  of  Aramaic  type.— The  <iood 
Samaritan,  the  name  given  to  a  parable  in  Luke  x,  30-37. 

sa-ma'rl-um,  1  sa-me'ri-iim;  2  sa-ma'ri-um,  n.  Chem.  An 
element  occurring  In  samarsklle.     See  ki.kmknt. 

Sa"mar-kand ',  1  sfl'mar-kflnd' ;  2  sa"mar-kand',  n.  A  town  in 
S.  Turkestan;  pop.  S0.700.    Sa"mar-cand't. 

sa-mar'sklte,  1  sa-mar'skuit;  2  sa-miir'sklt.  11.  A  vltreOlH 
velvet»black  mineral,  source  of  several  elements,  as  samari- 
um.etc.    [•    Samnrski,  Russian  iiiliie-ofllccr  I   sa-inar  'skit  | . 

Sam'bre,  1  san'br;  2Kiih'i>r,  n.  A  riverln  Aisne department,  NT. 

France;  here  the  French  strongly  opposed  the<  lermans,  1014, 
sam-bu'ca,  1  sam-blu'ks;  2  aam-bu'ca,  n.  Attiiq.  A  sharp< 

toned  triangular  stringed  Instrument,  resembling  a  harp,  of 

Asiatic  origin.    [<   Gr.L  sambQke.]    sam'buket. 
same,  1  sem;  2  sam,  a      I.  Having  individual  or  specific 

identity  or  quality:  identical:  equal.    2.  Similar  in  kind 

or  quality.       |<    Ice.    snmr.   same.]      S.vti.:   sec    innrini., 

synonymous,    samc'iicss,  n     1. 1  ,.-i  <-i-.  ol  change  or  variety. 

Z.  Close  Similarity.    3.  Identity;  oneness,    saiiie'll-iicssl. 

sa'nalte,  1  sS'mait;  2  sa'mlt.  n.    A  rich  medieval  sill  fab 

ric.     [OF.  aamit,    ■     (!i  ''   hex,  six,     I   mitos,  thread.] 
Sam 'mles,  l  sam'iz;  2  sam'lg,  n   pi     [Recent  1    soldiers  or 

the  American  Expeditionary  Forces  Id  Europe,   1917:  so 

called  by  the  French 
Sa-mo'a,  1  sa-mo'a;  :i  s8  mo'tl,  n      Islands  ol  8.  W.  Pacific; 

1,200sq.m.;  pop   14,000     8a-mo'an,a  An 

Sa'mos,  1  flc'miiH;  2  Sft'mOS,  n,      An  Island  In  the  ^Egcau  sea 


Ramothraki  l  a  art;  tat,  fa       a  bJt,polta    a         ..     a    I     FdH, rfll«;  bnt,bfrrni 

S«niK«>K!»a  art,  *p«,  (at  i  it  I  i     i  ■;   1-6;   I  •  6;  gO,  not.  Or,  won,  (i!U» 


-thra'VI, 


■M 

tetMMa   '.*!.ir..t 

».»iii   i-llirj 
..mi   .•->   ir. 

■>itiip. 
~-» 1 1 1    l> 

111. 

um  P 

1 1  r .  . 

il    mm    in 

nl-.. I    .   ~>   ml-.. i. 

\ 

Ml    .     |KI|I 

-I  lir.i   .  i-  i 

r  urn  f..r 


i  Mil 

I     lllTll    )l( 
1 
I. 

I  I. 

rt,    or 

atative  of  the  whole.    [<  OF. 

pie  ) 

Sii:  mpllncatlon,  Illustration,  Instance, 

portion  taken  at  random  out  of  a 

qua:  •  is,  so  thai  tin-  qualities 

•  il  to  be  found 
;^ar;  a  samplt  of  cloth.      \ 

■  r  a  fragment  of  am 
possess  the  same  — «ih«i  qualities; 

as.  a  ■    it  of  architecture,  or  a 

'..r  unit  or  portion  may  be  exactly  like 

■  Is  supposed  i"  be  exactly 

I  action. 

\  implb.-  Ant.:  abnormality,  aggregate, 

- mi  'pie  room",  n. 

i.  \  room  in  which  Ban  played  or  tested,    2. 

jam 'pier,  a.     1.  <  >ne  who  U 
samples:  one  who  exhibits  '.'•  Formerly,  a  : 

■  ed  to  Bhow  a  beginner's  skill. 
Samp 'son,  |  William  Thomas    ism 

an  rear-admiral:  commanded  American 
Atlantic  fleet  hi  Spanish-American  war. 
Sam'Min,  1  aam'ssn;  2  sam'son,  n.  liib.  a  Hebrew  Judge,  of 

abnormal  physical  strength     fvdfa  Kill,  24. 
Sam'u-el,  1  sam'yu-el:  2  Bam'yu,-SI,  n.  Rib.    1.  A  Hebrew 
judge  and  prophet.    2.  T  .  nt  books  about  him. 

San.  1  son:  2  san.  n.     A  river  In  Gallcia.  Austria-HuiiL-ar;.  ; 
Vistula  river;   Bcene  of  severe  fighting 
ans  and  Austrlans,  1914-1U15. 
San..  Sans.,  Sansc.  Sanak.,  :skrlt. 

san'a-bl  ■  •  ;-bl;  2  san'a-bl,  a.    Curable.    [<  I,.  sann- 

mo,   cure,    <    sanus,   sound.)— san"a-bll'l-t> , 

-  in    i-bl  B-BW   . 

san'a-tiw,  i  1   -  2  s&n'a-tlv,  a.     Healing 

san'a-tiv".  )  t..ry.     [<  L.  sanatu*,  pp.  of  sano,  heal.]  — 

-  in"a-tn'rl-uin,  n.     1.  A  health  retreat,  as  In  the  moun- 

:.    \n  institution  for  treatment  of  disease  or 

Invalids   -san 'a-to-r>,  a.  Promotive  of  health;  curative 

•>an"be-nrto.  |       :.'l»e-nI'to:  2  san'be-ni'to,  n.     A  garment 

Dined  person  or  a  penitent  under  the  In- 

imhmito.  <  San  Jl'iil'n.  Saint  Benedict  i 

San'rho  Pan'za,  1    san'ko  pan'za;   2  san'co  pan'za.     See 

■MM  'ti-f>,  1  sarjk'ti-fai;  2  sinc'ti-fy,  r(.    [-fied;  -pVma.] 

1.  I"  make  holy:  purify,  as  from  sin;  in  theology,  to 

oi  tification.    2.  To  set  apart  as 
holy,  fir  for  holy  ;  •<•.     [  <  F.  8ti> 

make 

-.mi  "tl-ti-<  i 'tion,  n.     The  act  of  sanctifying,  or  the 
stateof  beir..  I  he  work  of  the  Holy  Spirit  whereby 

the  :  ;  from  sin  and  exalted  to  holiness  of  life. 

»anr'tl-fl"er,  n. 
-arn-'ti-mo-ny,  1  aank'ta-mo-ni;  2  -  inc'ti-mo-ny,  n.    As- 
1  or  outward  sanctity;  a  show  of  holiness;  exag- 
[<   L.°' 
ess.]    Syrj/s*-e  btpocbjbt;  sanctity. — saiic"tl-mo'- 
nl-ou«.         -I>.  -  r»  ■  — . 

sanction.  <-'shon.     I.  vt.     1.  To  ap- 

prove authoritatively;  confirm;  ratify.    2.  Tojdve  con- 
II.         1.  Final  and 
authoritative  confirmation;  j  confirmation. 

2.  A  formal  decn         '..  n        tiring  cod- 
formity  to  law,  as  by  tin  i    rdaorpenal- 

•r  both;  b  reward  or  penalty.     4.  Ethics.  That 
which  make-  virtue  morally  obligatory,  or  which  fur- 

I  I 

~m-  see  abet;  allow;  confirm;  ratify. 


-.iik    ti-t),  l  laok'ti  U;  2     Ine  ti-ty,  pJ  |     1. 

of  being  sanoti tied;  holiness     2.  rhe  quality 

of  bd  itj      sanc'tl-ttidel  |  Vrchaic] 

utotlmonlousness,  sanctlmonj       \ 
ferrlng  to  character,  tanciity  is  hoUnttt,  w  bile  tanctimoniotu- 
t  .  pretense  >.r  affectation  ol  holinui. 
( 'ompare  s\  nonj  tna  for  hoi  i 

IIDI     lll-.i-r>,     1     -aiikVhu-|er    - 1  in  ]."   r  i ;    2    -  :'ii.n'clnj-[..r 

I     1.  A  hoK  ..i    -a,  i,  .|  place; 
tempi  '.'.    v   place  of  refuge;  asylum;  benee, 

immunity,     I  ■;    F,  tancfuoire,    <   I.'1   sanctus,  boh  1 

S\n      lee    ion.. i      BHBXTMB       sane  'tu-a-rl/e  • .  I.. 

afford  nanctuao  to 

v>in  i i  turn;  2  saoc'tum,  it      I  saored  spot;  collo- 

quially, a  private  room,  as  of  an  editor.  [L.|  sane 'turn 
saiK'-tu'riiiii,  the  holy  of  iiuiics  (see  holi  i  .  humorously,  ■ 
of  great  pre. 

Ssm'tus,  i  Bank'tt  The  ascription  "Holy, 

holy.  Ii.  >t \  .  Lord  <  lOd  Ol  bOStB,"  etc  .  or  Its  musical  Betting: 

named  from  the  Initial  wonts  ol  the  Latin  version.    |i..| 
Banctaa  bell,  In  the  celebration  of  the  mass,  a  bell  rung  at 
aging  of  the  Sanctus,  the  elevation  of  the  host,  etc. 
mass  '  bfdl"  ; ;  s»  Yrliigvbrll" : . 
sand,  1  Band;  2  s&nd     l1.  rf.    To  sprinkle,  cover,  or  mix 
with  Band.     11.  ".     !•  A  hard,  granular,  comminuted 

rock-material  liner  than  gravel  ami  coarser  than  ilust 

2.  jil.  Sandy  wastes;  Btretchea  of  sandy  beach.  8.  ;■/ 
Sandy  grains  or  particles,  as  those  of  the  hour-glass; 

hence,    moments    of    time    or    life.      4.    [Sialic,     U.    8.] 

Btrength  of  character;  endurance;  rrit;  courage.     [< 

\-  ,      -.ml        saiid'^bag",  n      A  bag  filled  With  or  In- 

tended for  holding  sand:  used  for  building  fortifications,  for 
ballast,  etc.,  also  as  a  club  or  weapon,    sand  'bag",  w,    To 

strike  or  attack  uilh  a  sund-bai:  s.djar,  n.  A  bar  of  silt 
in  rivers  and  at  their  mouttis.  and  of  sand  along  beaches 

s.  baib.  n  l  .  \  bath  "f  hoi  Band,  as  for  beating  and  tem- 
pering delicate  articles,  or  to  prevent  direct  contact  of  llano- 
with  a  vessel  to  be  heated     8.  The  ad  ol  rolling  and  bur- 

rowlng  in  sand.'-.is  done  by  fowls.  s.<blast,  n  1.  An  ap- 
paratus for  propelling  a  Jet  of  sand,  as  for  engraving  patterns 
on  glass;  also  I  he  Jet  of  sand.  S.  A  sand  ■storm  sand'- 
bllnd".  a  Partially  blind;  having  the  vision  affected  by 
appeareace  ol  moving  specks,  etc.;  talscalghted     sand'- 

blind"ness,  n  s.sbox,  n.  1.  A  box  with  a  perforated  top, 
formerly  used  for  sanding  freshly  written  paper  to  avoid 
blotting,      'l-   A  reservoir  on  a  locomotive   Oiled  With   sand 

t.i  be  poured  on  the  ralMreads  in  front  of  the  forward  driv- 
ers to  prevent   slipping,      s.sdollar,  n.   Any  small  Mat   sea* 
urchin  found  on  sand]  bottoms. — sand'rd.r;.   1.  Filled,  rm- 
ered   or  clogged  with  sand.    3.  Of  a  sandy  color;  minutely 
■.•glass,  n.     An  hour-glass. — sand 'man",  n. 
A  mythical  personage  of  nursery  lore,  who  makes  children 
sleepy  by  casting  sand   Into  their  eyes,     sand  'pa"per,  n. 
Stout  paper  coated  with  sand  for  smoothing  or  polishing.— 
sand'pa"p»T,  it.     To  polish  with  sandpaper. — sand'pl"- 
per,  n      A  snlpe»like  wading  bird  mostly  frequenting  sca- 
Bhores  In  docks,     sand'stone",  n.  A  rock  consisting  chiefly 
of  particles  of  quartz  sand  cemented  with  silica.      B. •Storm, 
high  wind  by  which  sand  or  dust  Is  carried  along. — 
sand'),  a.     1.  <  lonslstlng  of  or  covered  with  sand.     'i.  Yel- 
low ish-red  in  color,      sandl-ness,  «.  [DUDBTVAN1 
Sand,  1  sand  or  IF.)  sohd;  2  sand  or  (F.)  sand,  <;e«rge.    Sec 
san'dal,  1  Ban'dal;  2  B&n'dal,  n.    1.  A  foot«covering,  con- 
sisting usually  of  a  sole  only,  held  to  the  foot  by  thongs. 
2.  A  lighl  Blipper  or  overshoe.    [<  Gr.  eandalwn,  dim. 
of  sandalon,  sandal.)     san'daled,«.    san'dalledj. 
san'dal- wood",  1  san'dal- wud";  2  sSn'dal-wdod*,  n.     1. 
fragrant  wood  of  any  one  of  several  lla-t   Indian 
trees   san'dali;  san'dcrs-wood"J.  2.  The  more  or  less 

similar  wood  of  other  trees.    [Tit.     <  Sans,  clianilti/iu.] 

san'der-llng,  1  san'dar-hn;  2  sfin'der-ling,  n.    A  small  Band- 
piper,  rusty  in  summer  and  ash-gray  In  winter.    [  <  sand,  n  1 

Sand 'hurst,    1    sand'hurst;    2  sind'htirst.   n.     A   village  in 
southern  England;  seat  of  the  Royal  Military  College. 

San  Dt-e'gO,  1  san  dl-e'co;  2  sin  di-e'wo.    A  seaport  town  In 
S.  <  California;  a  n  inter  resort ;  pop   '.ill. 000. 

San-dus'k),  1  san-dus'ki:  2  sati-dus'ky,  n.    A  lake  port  In  N. 
central  Ohio;  pop.  20.000. 

sand'wich,  1  Band'wich;  2  sand'wlch.  I*.  r(.  To  place 
between  two  layers  or  objects;  insert  between  dissimilar 
things  II.  I  wo  thin  slices  od  bread,  having  bel  wei  n 
them  ne  at.  cheese,  or  the  like;  hence,  any  combination 
of  alternating  dissimilar  things.  [<  the  1th  earl  ol 
sand'wiclimian",  n.  A  man  carrying  adver- 
ttsing  boards  slung  in  front  and  behind. 

Band  '«leh  Is'lands.  1 1  \wahan  Islands. 

Sand'y  Hook.     A  fortified  peninsula:  length,  6  m.;  in  N.  E. 
Xew  Jersey,  at  the  entrance  to  New  York  Bay. 

Bane,  1     ■  u;  2       n.  a.     1.  .Mentally  sound;  not  deranged. 
2.  Proceeding  from  a  sound  mind.    [<  L.  sanus,  whole 

Syn.:  healthy,  lucid,  rational,  sober,  sound,  iinderanired. 
unperverted     so-  -iiiiik. — sanely,  adv. — sane'ness.  „ 


1:  a  =  final;    1  =  habiu    aisle;    ail  =  owt;    ell;     iu  =  feud;    Chin;    go;    Q  =  sing;    Chin,   this.  Sailiothrakl 
691  2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   lull,   rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.       Saragossa 


San  Fran-cis'co,  1  san  fran-sis'ko;  2  san  fran-cis'co.  1.  A 
mountain  group  in  N.  Arizona;  highest  point,  San  Francisco 
Peak,  12,794  ft.  2.  A  commercial  seaport  (pop.  417,000)  of 
W.  California,  on  San  Francisco  Bay;  shaken  by  an  earth- 
quake followed  by  fire,  Apr.  18,  1906. 

sang,  1  san;  2  sang,  Imp.  of  sing,  v. 

sang,  re.  [Scot.]  Same  as  song. 

san"ga-ree',  1  san"g8-rt';  2  san"ga-re',  re..  Red  wine  and 
water,  spiced  and  sugared.     [<  Sp.  sangria,  bleeding.) 

sang"=froid',  1  sah"=frwa';  2  sah"»frwa',  n.  Calmness  amid 
trying  circumstances;  coolness.    [F.]  [San-graal't. 

San'gre-al,  1  san'gn-al;  2  san'gre-al,  re.     The  Holy  Grail. 

san'gui-na-ry,  1  san'gwi-ne-n;  2  san'gwi-na-ry,  a.  1.  At- 
tended with  bloodshed.  2.  Prone  to  shed  blood;  blood- 
thirsty.   3.  Consisting  of  blood. 

Syn.:  bloodthirsty,  bloody,  cruel,  inhuman,  murderous, 
sanguine,  savage.  Sanguinary  applies  either  to  the  act  of 
shedding  blood  or  to  the  spirit  that  delights  in  bloodshed; 
bloody  applies  more  directly  to  the  actual  staining  with 
blood;  we  may  say  either  a  sanguinary  or  a  bloody  battle, 
but  a  bloody  (not  a  sanguinary)  held;  we  speak  of  a  sangui- 
nary rather  than  of  a  bloody  threat,  disposition,  etc.  San- 
guine is  sometimes  used  in  poetic  or  elevated  style  in  the 
sense  of  bloody;  as,  a  sanguine  stain.  See  bloody. — san'- 
gui-na-ri-ly,  adv. — san'gui-na-ri-ness,  n. — san-guin'e- 
ous,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to,  consisting  of,  or  forming  blood.  2. 
Full=blooded;  sanguine.    3.  Of  the  color  of  blood. 

san'guine,  1  1  sarj'gwin;  2  san'gwin,  a.     1.  Of  buoyant 

san'guin9,  J  disposition;  hopeful;  confident.  2.  Having 
the  color  of  blood;  of,  like,  or  full  of  blood.  [<  L.p 
sanguineus,  <  sanguis,  blood.] 

Syn.:  animated,  ardent,  buoyant,  confident,  enthusiastic, 
hopeful.  Sanguine,  from  the  same  root  as  sanguinary 
(Latin  sanguis,  blood),  came  to  denote  full=blooded  or  ple- 
thoric, and  so  ardent,  confident,  hopeful — qualities  which 
were  supposed  to  be  associated  with  fulness  of  blood.  For 
the  rare  use  of  sanguine  in  direct  literal  sense,  see  synonyms 
for  sanguinary. — san  'gulne-lj ,  adv. — san'gulne-ness,  n. 

Sau'he-drln,   )  1  san'hi-drin,  -drim;  2  san'he-drin,  -drlm, 

San'he-drim,  )  n.  1.  The  supreme  council  of  the  Jewish 
nation.  2.  Figuratively,  any  council  or  assembly.  [  < 
Heb.  sanhedrln,  <  Gr.  synedrion,  <  syn,  with,  +  hedra, 
seat.]    Syn-e'drl-on};  Syn-e'drl-umt. 

sa'ni-es,  1  se'm-iz;  2  sa'nl-e§,  re.  Pathol.  A  serous  greenish 
fluid  discharged  from  ulcers.     [L.] — sa'nl-ous,  a. 

san'i-ta-ry,  1  san'i-te-n;  2  san'i-ta-ry,  a.  1.  Relating  to 
the  preservation  of  health.  2.  Same  as  sanatory.  [  < 
L.  sanitas;  see  sanity.]  sanl-to-ryt.  Syn.:  see  healthy. 
— san"i-ta'ri-an,  a.  &  n. — san'l-ta-rl-Iy,  adv. — san"i- 
ta'ri-um,  re.  [-umz  or  -ri-a,  pi.]  A  sanatorium.  san"i- 
to'ri-um I  [Corrupt  form]. — san"I-ta'tlon,  re.  The  prac- 
tical application  of  sanitary  science. 

san'i-ty,  1  san't-ti;  2  san'i-ty,  n.  The  state  of  being  sane 
or  sound;  soundness  of  mind.   [  <  L.  sanitas;  see  sane.] 

San  Ja-cln'to,  1  san  ja-sin'to;  2  san  ja-cln'to.  A  locality  in 
E.  Texas;  Texans  defeated  Mexicans,  Apr.  21,  1836. 

San  Jo-s6',  1  ho-se';2  ho-se'.  1.  A  city  in  W.  California:  pop. 
29,000.    2.  A  town,  capital  of  Costa  Rica;  pop.  35,654. 

San  .iii-an ',  1  san  hu-an';  2  san  hu-an'.  1.  A  city  in  N.  Porto 
Rico;  pop.  48,700.  2.  A  hill  near  Santiago,  Cuba,  captured 
by  United  States  troops,  July  1,  1898. 

sank,  1  sank;  2  sank,  imp.  of  sink,  v. 

San  Lu-is'  Po"to-sl',  1  san  1Q-Is'  po'to-si';  2  san  lu-is'  p5"to- 
sT'.     A  city  in  central  Mexico;  pop.  68,000. 

sans||,  1  sanz;  2  sans,  prep.    Without.    [F.] 

San  Sal'va-dor,  1  san  sal'va-dor;  2  san  sal'va-dor.  1.  An 
island  of  the  Bahamas,  the  first  landing-place  of  Columbus 
In  the  New  World,  1492.  2.  Same  as  Salvador.  3.  A 
city,  capital  of  Salvador;  pop.  67.000. 

sans-cu-lotte',  1  sanz-kiu-lot'  or  (/''.)  san"ku"lot';  2  silns-eu- 
16t'  or  'F.)  sah"cu"16t',  re.  A  French  revolutionist  of  1789- 
1793;  a  Jacobin;  hence,  any  revolutionary  anarchist.  [F..  lit. 
without  breeches:  orig.  opprobrious]  -  sans"eu-lot'tic,  a . 

San 'si. ri I,  1  san'skrit;  2  s.tn'skrlt,  re.  The  ancient  and 
classical  language  preserved  in  the  Hindu  sacred  writ- 
ings, the  oldest  of  the  Indo-European  languages.  [  < 
Sans,  samskrlla,  perfect.]     San'scrltt.     San-sltrlt'lc,  a. 

San'ta  An'na  or  A'fta,  1  san'ta  a'na  or  d'nya;  2  san'tii  si'nii  or 
ii'nyii,  Antonio  Lopez  de  (1795-1876).  A  Mexican  general; 
President  and  Dictator  of  Mexico. 

San'ta  Clans,  1  san'ta  kloz;  2  san'ta  flag.  In  nursery  folk- 
lore, a  friend  of  children  who  brings  presents  on  Christmas 
Eve:  usually  represented  as  a  fat.  Jolly  old  man  who  drives 
over  (be  roofs  In  a  sleigh  drawn  by  reindeer. 

San'ta  Cruz  de  Tc"ne-rlffc,  1  krfls  de  te"ne-rl'fc;  2  erus  de 
ii'iH-riTe.    a  seaport  town  of  n.  e.  Tenerifle,  capital  of  tin' 

Canary  Islands;  imp.  03,000. 
San'ta  Fe,  1  san'ta  IB;  2  Sfin'te  re.     1.  A  province  In  the  Ar- 
gentine RepUDllO,  South  America  (50, 929  sq.  in.;  pop    K99.- 

000),  or  its  capital  (pop,  69,000).     :.  The  capital  (founded 

1606)  or  New  Mexico  (pop.  6,000);  also,  the  county  (pop. 

15.00(1-  containing  It.  [Chile;  pop.  m    >eo 

San"tl-a'go,  1  suu"U-u'go;  2  siiu'ti-ii'go,  re.    A  city,  capital  of 


San"ti-a'go  de  Cu'ba,  1  san"ti-a'go,  ku'ba;  2  san"ti-a'go, 
cu'ba.  A  district  and  city  (pop.  63,000)  of  E.  Cuba;  United 
States  navy  destroyed  Spanish  fleet,  July  3,  1898. 

San'to  Do-niin'go,  1  san'to  do-mirj'go;  2  san'to  do-mln'go. 

1.  A  republic  in  eastern  Haiti;  19,325  sq.  m.:  pop.  708,000. 

2.  Its  capital;  burial-place  of  Columbus;  pop.  22,000. 

san 'ton,  1  san'ten;  2  san'ton,  re.  A  Mohammedan  hermit;  a 
dervish.    [Sp.,  <  Hind,  sant,  devotee] 

san-ton'i-ca,  1  san-ten'i-ka;  2  san-ton'i-ca,  re.  1.  An  Oriental 
plant  of  the  aster  family.  2.  The  unexpanded  flower-heads 
of  this  plant,  used  as  a  vermifuge.  [<  L.  Santonicus,  of  the 
Santoni,  a  people  of  Aquitania] — san'to-nin,  san'to- 
nlne,  re.  A  colorless  crystalline  poisonous  compound  con- 
tained in  santonica:  used  in  medicine  as  a  vermifuge. 

Sao  Fran-cls'co,  1  saun  fran-sis'ko;  2  souh  frau-cls'co.  A 
river  of  E.  Brazil;  length,  1,800  m.  to  the  Atlantic  ocean. 

sap,  1  sap;  2  sap,  vt.  &  vi.  [sapped1,  sapts;  sap'ping.]  1. 
To  make  weak,  as  by  wearing  away  or  gradually  under- 
mining the  foundations;  gradually  enervate;  impair. 
2,  Mil.  To  undermine,  as  a  wall,  by  digging;  to  effect 
secret  undermining.  Syn.:  see  weaken. — sap'per,  re.  One 
who  or  that  which  saps;  specif.,  a  soldier  employed  in  saps 
or  making  trenches. 

sap1,  re.  1.  The  liquid  juice  of  plants.  2.  Hence,  any  vital 
fluid;  vitality.  3.  Sap=wood.  [  <  AS.  ssep.]— sap'- 
less,  a. — sap'=wood",  re.  The  new  wood  next  the  bark  of 
an  exogenous  tree. 

sap2,  n.  Mil.  A  deep,  narrow  ditch  in  connection  with 
siege-works.     [<  LL. F  sapa,  hoe.] 

sap3,  n.  [Prov.  Eng.  &  Scot.]  Same  as  saphead. 

sap'head,  1  sap'hed;  2  sap'hed,  n.  [Colloq.]  A  simpleton. 

sap 'id,  1  sap'id;  2  sap'id,  a.  Affecting  the  sense  of  taste; 
savory;  relishable.  [<  L.  sapidus,  <  sapio,  taste.] — 
sa-pid'i-ty,  re.    sap'id-nesst. 

sa'pi-ence,  1  se'pi-ens;  2  sa'pi-enc,  n.  Wisdom;  learning: 
often  ironical.  [F.,  <  L.  sapienlia,  wisdom.]  sa'pi-en- 
cyt.— sa'pl-ent,  a.     Wise.     Syn.:  see  wise,     -ly,  adv. 

sap 'ling,  1  sap'hn;  2  sap'ling,  re.    A  young  tree. 

sap"o-dll'la,  1  sap'o-dil'a;  2  sap"o-dH'a,  re.  A  large  evergreen 
tree  of  the  West  Indies  and 
Central  America,  or  its  luscious 
apple-shaped  fruit,  for  which  it 
is  cultivated.  [<  Sp.  sapotilla, 
<M.ex.zapotJ.]  sap"a-dil'lot; 
sap"o-dil'lot. 

sa-pon'i-fy,  1  sa-pon'i-fai;  2 
sa-pSn'i-fy,  vt.  [-fied;  -fy"- 
ing.]  To  convert  (a  fatoroil) 
into  soap  by  the  action  of  an 
alkali.  [  <  L.  sapo(n-),  soap, 
+  -fy.] — sap"o-na'ceous,  a. 
Of  the  nature  of  soap.  —  sa- 
pon"i-fi-ca'tion,  re. 

sa  'port,  re.  Quality  affecting  the 
sense  of  taste;  taste.  [L.,  < 
sapi,  taste.]— sap"o-rlf'lct,  a. 
Imparting  a  savor. 

sap"o-ta'ceous,  1  sap"o-te'srius; 
2  sap"o-ta'shus,  a.     Of  or  per- 
taining  to  the   SapOtOCex   (the         a,  »  dngle  flow«r;  6,  Motion  o« 
sapodilla  family),  a  family  of  Hwfruii 

trees  and  shrubs  yielding  a  milky  juice  of  considerable  eco- 
nomic Importance.    [Ult.  <  Mex.  zapotl;  see  sapodilla.] 

Sap-phl'ra,  1  sa-fai'ra:  2sa-fi'ra,  '«•  Wifeof  Ananias.  ^4cfsv. 

sap'phlre, )  1  saf'nir;  2  saf'ir.  re.    1.  A  hard,  transparent, 

saf'hre1',      J  colored  mineral  cut  for  a  gem:  usually  blue. 
2.  Deep  pure  blue.     [lilt.    <  Heb.  tsappir,  sapphire, | 
sap'phl-rln(e,  a.    Consisting  of  or  like  sapphire,  as  in  color. 

Sap'plio,  1  saf'o;  2  saf'o,  re.  A  Greek  lyric  poetess  of  Lesbos. 
7th  century  B.  G;  called  the  Tenth  Muse  Sapphic.  I. 
a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  In  the  manner  of  Sappho.  3.  I  lenot- 
lng  a  meter  used  by  Sappho.  II.  n.  A  verse  In  Sapphic  meter. 

sap'py,  1  sap'i;  2  sap  y,  a.  [-pi-kk;  -pi-ebt.]  t.  Full  ol 
sap;  juicy.     2.  Immature;  silly.  —  sap'pl-ncss,  n. 

sap'ro-phyto,   1  sap'ro-fait;  2  sap'ro-fyt,   /(.    />'(../    An 

organism    that  lives  on  dead   organic   matter.      [<    (!r. 

sayros,  rotten,  +  phyton,  a  planl  I    sap"xo-phyt'lc,  a. 
sap'sa"go,  1  sap'se"go;  2  sap'stt'go,  n     A  strong  green  cheese 

flavored  with  melllol.      [Cor.  of  G.  srhohzii  tier.    •      SCttCtbetl, 

shave,    i   ziY</er.  whev.l  [American  Revolution 

Sar.,  nMir.    Sardinia.  Sardinian.      S.  A.  It-  nhbr.    Sons  of  Hie 

sar'a-hand,  1  sar'e-band;  2  sar'a.-l>aml,  n.  A  stately 
Spanish  dance  ol  Moorish  origin,  or  the  music  lor  it. 
I      Bp.»  tarabanda,  <  Per.  serbend,  song.]    sar'a-baiide). 

Sar'a-cen.    1    sar's-Ben;  2  B&r'a-gSn,   n.     Anoientlyi   8 

nomad    Arali;  a    Moslem  enemy  oi    the  medieval  Chris- 
tians.    [<    ^r.Qr  8harqln,  Oriental.]     8ar"a*cen'lc, o. 

Sar"a-gos'sa,  I  sar'ii-gos'a;  2  sar"a-gos'a .  n      A  OltJI  In  N.  E. 

Spain;  eapinied  i,v  i he  French,  Feb  20,  1800;  pop   1 12,000 
Malil  of  Saragossa,  Maria  AUgUBtlna,  distinguished  tOl 

heroism  in  1  lie  defense  or  SaragOBSa  during  the  French  BlegC 

or  (80S  1809     Bthon,  CftlWi  Harold,  can,  l,  Bt,  .r>r>. 


Leaves  and  Emit  of  the 
Sapodilla. 


s.ir.ilt  ,,  I        ..,       i  ,  I  i        o  i  mil.  rOle;  I iin,  hOrn; 

■W]  .,       i        .i.     i        .  ..i         •    ••         |      <■         i.i     .  i       .  i     1;  ,•<>.  mil.  Or,  won,      <;<>•.' 


I 
«    \..rk     Harm  too 
i  count  \ .  noted  for 

Oct     17.   1777 

lad,  ii      \  blowgun, 


•t  ■  window,  in 


- ir   .i-iu.  \ 

im  and  taunting  lan- 

MMMi. 

tar-ran 'tic  intlng;  cutting     tu^eaa'« 

ti-.  u        tarn  .i-  ti-«  ai-i> . 

-  i  r.  i     ii.  I  .  Ml 

mbinlng  tor:.        -.ir  co-carp, 

iua  truit.  as  the  fiesh) 
.    im  or  peai '  trull  i 

>.ir-  .  i  hi-  portion  .if  anatomy  that  IRtttS  01  '  he 

sar"ro-log'lr,  -l-ral,  a. 

-.ir-,  ..   in.i.  \  minor,  or  group  of 

■  ii  malignant  Ql  1  (JOT*-), 

[oroua;  neah«eatiug. 

lar-roph  .t- f •  n - .  ■  -i  Carnlv- 

-.n-.  i.|.h    i-^ii-.  a-gus; 2 aar-edf a-gu.-, n.    [-01, 

1.  offin  or  a  cheeMike  tomb.    '1.  K  kind 

•  1  by  tin-  Greeks  for  coffins.     l<  Clr. 

sar-coph'acet< 

-  .1  r .  1 .      .  rhe  deep  brpw-nish»red  variety  of  car- 

:\    blood-red:  used  as  a  14cm. 

.        sax 'del . ; 

iai  .Im.     :    -ar  .ll-ii-    :    MI  .loin 

-.ir  .t  i-ii.i-in  lu-.  le~na-pevlos;  2  sar'da-na-pfi 

ppal:  Greek  form  ol  the  name  of  a  king  (668-625 

and  Babylonia;  subject  of  legends, 

-.ir-iini  e     .  1  air-din'  or  Bar/din;  2  sir-din'  or  sar'din,  r». 

rring*like  fish  preserved  in  <  >i  1  as  a  delicacy, 

Sards,  Sardinia.] 

tar 'din  1  sar'din  or  -din,  n.   1.  Same  as 

■  »F.l 
*  ir-.iin'l-a.  1  sar-dln'i-e;  2  alr-dln'l-a,  n.     1.  An  Italian 
I  in  the  Mediterranean.  W.  of  Italy;  164  b;  61m      : 

I860]  of  n.  Italy.  Including  the  is- 
land ot  Sardinia  with  Savoy  and  Piedmont.  Sar-dln'l- 
an.  [Lydla,  Asia  M  Inor. 

Bar'dls,  I  -     ir'dls,  n.    An  ancient  city,  capital  of 

>ar'di-u*.  1  I  aar'di-us,  r».     1.  Same  as  sard. 

in  the  breastplate  of  tin-  Hebrew  high  priest, 
17.    (I.I...  <  (Ir.  anrdios,  sardion;  son  baud.] 
sar-don'ic,  1  sar-den'ik;  2  s&r-dSn'ie,  a.    1.  Insincere  and 
'i.  Unnatural  or  forced,  as  laughter. 
■   -  1  b  tter;  but  said  to  be  from  Sat 

from  a  bitter  Sardinian  plant  believed  to  cause 

convulsions  of  laughter.]    sar-donl-eal-ly,  adv. 

aar'do-nyx,  1  Bar'do-niks;  2  -arMo-nyks,  ><.    A  variety  of 

•  .f   alternate   Layers   of   Light»colored 

chalcedony  ami  reddish  carnelian.    [L.] 

Mr  .|uu',  l'sor*dQ';  2  safdu',  Vlctorlen  (1831-190S).    A 

I 
»ar-gas'«o.  |  Gulf  "weed.    [Pg] 

-,ir-ga-'~n:\veed:;  sar-gas'Mim %.     sargasso  sea. 

•  •  North  Atlantic  (hit.  l6°--38    N  ;  Ion  30  - 
a  ),  where  the  surface  is  covered  with  floating  weed 
Sar'gent.  1  sSr'Jent  John  singer  [1856-         ). 

An  American  portrait*  ami  genrcpalnter  In  England. 

sar'gon,  1  a&r'gen;  2  sar'gdn,  «-    Tin-  name  of  several  v-- 1  r- 

ian  kind's,  including  Saigon  II.  (reigned  7-'i   704  B    1 
sark,  1  sark;2aark,  a,  [Prov.  Brit.]  A  shirt  or  chemise;  hence, 

sar-ma'tl-a,  1  .-or-me'shi-a.  2  sar-ma'shi-a.  n.     Poland:  the 

Sar-ma'ttan,  a  A  n     Sar-mai'lr,  a 
sir-men  'turn,  1  sor-rnen't  urn ;  2  sar-men'tum.  n.     [-Ti.  pi.] 
\  runner.     [I  prune]     sar'ment:.     sir- 

men'tiKf,  ■.      Having  or  producing  sarmenta;  like  a  run- 
-ar"men-ta'eeous:;  sar-men 'lolls;. 

B  ir-p.-'diin,  1  wr-pt'den:  2  aar-pe'don,  n    dot     Myth.  1.  a 

:a.    "in   of  Jupiter  and    Kuropa       '!.     \ 

■My  of  the  Trojans;  slain  by  I'atroclus. 

-  ir    -  i-p.i-ril 'la,    1    -'":r"-..-i.-.-rir..;    2    S&r'sa-pa-lfl'a,    n. 

;  a  tropical  American  climbing  plant; 

a  medicina]  preparation  or  a  beverage  made  from 

trzapariOa,  <  zarza,  bramble,  -+-  •parr a, 

[san'sar:. 

sar'sar,  1  sar'sar;  2  sar'sar,  n.    A  cold  piercing  wind.  (Arab.) 

nne'net,  \  fine,  thin  silk,  used 

for  linings     [  <  LL.  snracenalus,  <  Saracenus,  Saracen.] 

-  in  t   10  1    - 

sar'to,  1  sar'to  2  -ar'to.  Andrea  Vannuchldel  U4H7    1 .".:( 1 1. 

only  known  as  Andrea  del  Sarto. 

sar'tor,  1  afir'tar  or  -tor:  2  Bar/tor,  n.    a  patcher;  tailor.    [L., 

.  mend.)     sar-to'rl-al,  u. 
>a'rum,   1   -."'rwii;  2  sa'rOm,  r».     Salisbury.   England:   the 
ecclesiastical  name.    [I..] 


.1  the 


Sassafras. 


^.l-ll     .       1  \       ll     111! 

win.'  [  <       I      '..•,■-,:,..  1    I      I 

sasii',  „     An  ornainontal  band,  worn  as  around  the  waist 
Pi  1,  girdle  1 

^1   Nine,  uln;  :.'  sA'.sln  ./r  -sin.  ti     SCOtS  l.m.       I  Ql 

a.t  of  giving  legal  possession  ol   feudal  property;  also,  the 
Instrument  granting  bucIi  1  •■<     1  inn  1 

s.i  — k.ifrh  '<•-». in.   i      .     kaCh'l-Wl  .  h  .•  wmi.  11.     I. 

\   river  of  \\    Canada;    1,200m   to  Lake  Winnipeg     I.  \ 
province  In  W.Canada;  261,700  aq   m  .  pop  402,000:  oapl 
tai.  Reglna, 
^.1-  -.1-1  r.»-.  1  La,  n, 

laurel  family;  also,  the  bark  of  the  roots, 
an  aromatio  stimulant     [ -^  L."p  saxi- 

Jr<wa,    ■     siiium,  stone.    -1    ftango,  break 

Bas'sa-nld,    l  1   na'a-nld;    8   saa'a-nld,  n 

-.1-   -  i-iilile,  -  ;    mi.,      .i\'i  DIB,  or  -sis'i- 

1.  ■,  1    iii,i.'.  -san'i-dla,  -<ii;  2  -nlda,  -sain 
ll    // :    \  member  of  tin-  lasi   na- 
tional dynasty  of  ancient  Persia   (228 
642)       sas-sa'iil-an,  .; 
Sas'se-naell,  1  sas'i-nan.  2  Satre-nftH,  n      \ 

person  of  Saxon  bl i    an  i  ngllshman. 

I  ■    Gael,  siisiuiiiiiiii,  Baxon  I 
-'I.        it  .  2  sat.  i»/ /i  of  sit,  o.     sate^. 
Sal.,  n/itir.     Saturday. 

s.rtan.  l  aS'ten;   2  aa'tan,  ».     1.  The 
chief  of  the  evil  spirits  or  fallen  angels: 
the  great  adversary  of  man:  the  devil,    'i.  [a-]  A  devil; 
cruel  peraon;  reprobate.       [<Heb.  sd/dn,  enemy.] — 

sa-tan'le.  '/       Devilish;  infernal;  wicked,     sa-tan'l-cal;. 
Syn.:  see  im  hcn  m.      sa-lan'l-cal-ly,  adv. 

Batch 'el,  1  sarh'el;  2  saeh'f-1,  n.  A  small  hand'bag.  [< 
1  ■  l  Uus,  dim.  of  snecus,  sack1.) 

sale',  1  aSI ;  2  sat,  it.  (sAT'KDd;  kat'ing.]  To  satisfy  the 
appetite  of;  satiate.    [Abbr.  of  satiate.)    Syn.:  see  satisfy. 

Bate    .   wp,  of  sit,  i 

sal  'el-llte,  1  sat  'i -lnit ;  2  sat'e-lit,  n.  1.  Aslron.  A  smaller 
body  attending  and  revolving  round  a  larger  one;  com- 
monly, a  secondary  plaint  revolving  round  a  primary 
one,  *'.  <  Ine  who  attends  upon  a  person  in  power;  any 
obsequious  attendant.    [F.,  <  L.  safeties,  guard.] 

Satb'ant,  n.    Same  as  Satan.    Satb 'a-nast. 

sa'li-ate,  1  se'shi-et  ;  2  sa'shi-at.  I.  rt.  &  vi.  [ha'ti-at"- 
EDd;  .sa'ti-at"in(;.]  To  gratify  to  the  utmost;  satisfy 
desire  or  need  to  the  limit  of  capacity;  surfeit;  glut.  II. 
a.  Pilled  tosatiety;  satiated.  (<  L.  satio,  pp.  satiatus, 
<  salts,  enough!  Syn.:  see  satisfy— sa'tla-blfe1',  a. — sa- 
tl'e-Iy,  n.    1-TiK.sz,  pi.]    Repletion;  surfeit.    sa"tl-a'tlon{. 

sat 'in,  1  sat 'in;  2  sat'in,  n.  A  silk  fabric  of  thick  texture, 
with  glossy  face  and  dull  back,  or  a  cotton^and-silk  imi- 
tation of  it.  [F] — sa-teen',  n.  A  cotton  or  worsted 
fabric  with  glossy  surface,  sa-tlne't;  sat-teen'J.-  sat'M- 
ni't ',  n.  1.  A  strong  fabric  with  cotton  warp  and  woolen 
filling,  'i.  A  thin  satin—  sat  'In-wood",  n.  One  of  several 
satimlike  East"  or  \Vi,'st» Indian  woods  used  in  tine  cabinet- 
work.— sat'ln-y,  a. 

sal  'ire,  1  r-at'oir;  2  sat'Ir,  n.  1.  The  employment  of  sar- 
casm,  irony,  or  keen  wit  as  in  denouncing  abuses  of 
any  kind  ;  ridicule.  2.  A  species  of  composition  in  which 
vice,  lolly,  or  incapacity  is  held  up  to  ridicule.  [F.] 
Syn.:  see  banteb;  ridicule. — sa-tir'le,  sa-tlr'l-cal,  a. — 
si-tir'l-cal-lj,  mli  sat'l-rlst,  n.  A  writer  of  satire. — 
sat'l-rize,  it.  [-RIZBD;  -uiz"ino]  To  treat  with  sarcasm; 
ridicule,    sat'l-rlsej.    Syn.:  see  ridicule. 

sat"ls-fac'tion,   1  safis-fak'shon:  2  safls-fac'shon,  n.     1. 
The  act  of  satisfying,  or  the  state  of  being  satisfied;  com- 
plete gratification.     'I.  The  making  of  amends,  reparation, 
etc      •'{•  Thai   which  satisfies;  atonement;  compensation. 
Syn.:  comfort,  complacency,  content,  contentment,  en- 
i   gratification,    see  comfort:  happiness;  propitia- 
becompenbe. — Ant.:  annoyance,  discontent,  dislike. 
displeasure,     dissatisfaction,     disturbance,     pain,     sorrow, 
trouble,   vexation    -Prep.:    with,  more  rarely  in.  —  saf'ls- 
fac'to-ry,  a.    (Jiving  satisfaction;  atoning.    Syn.:  see  adk- 
t/i  \ik.  i  iiMKOKTAni.E— sat"ls-fac'to-rl-ly,  adv.  —  saf'ls- 
I  o     lo-rl-ne  — ,  n. 

sat'is-fy,  1  sat'is-fai;  2  sat'is-fy,  t.  [-fied;  -fy"ing.]  1. 1. 
1.  To  gratify  to  the  full ;  content.  2.  To  free  from  doubt 
or  anxiety.  3.  To  pay  off  or  discharge,  as  a  debt.  4. 
Mnili.  To  fulfil  the  conditions  of ,  as  of  an  equation:  said 
of  numbers  or  values.  II.  i.  To  give  satisfaction.  [< 
I      ati  /aire,  <  L.  talis,  enough,  +  facto,  make.] 

Syn.:  cloy,  content,  fill,  glut,  sate,  satiate,  suffice,  sur- 
feit To  satisfy  Is  to  furnish  just  enough  to  meet  physical, 
mental,  or  spiritual  desire.  To  sate  or  satiate  Is  to  gratify 
desire  so  fully  a-,  for  a  time  to  extinguish  It.  To  cloy  or  sur- 
Ji  ii  Is  to  gratify  to  the  point  of  revulsion  or  disgust.  Glut  is  a 
Strong  hut  somewhat  coarse  word  applied  to  the  utmost 
satisfaction  of  vehement  appetites  and  passions;  as,  to  glut  a 
vengeful  spirit  with  slaughter;  we  speak  of  glutting  the  mar- 


1: a  =  final;    I  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;     lu  =  feud;    cTlin;    go;    13  =  sing;    Chin,    this.  Sarah 

693         3: wolf,  dft;   book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.        savory 


ket  with  a  supply  so  excessive  as  to  extinguish  the  demand. 
Much  less  than  is  needed  to  satisfy  may  suffice  a  frugal  or 
abstemious  person;  less  than  a  sufficiency  may  content  one  of 
a  patient  and  submissive  spirit.  See  indulge;  pat;  re- 
quite.— Ant.;  check,  deny,  disappoint,  refuse,  restrain,  re- 
strict, starve,  stint,  tantalize. —  Prep.:  satisfy  with  food, 
with  gifts,  etc.;  satisfy  one  (in  the  sense  of  make  satisfaction) 
for  labors  and  sacrifices;  satisfy  oneself  by  or  upon  inquiry. 

sa'trap,  1  se'trap;  2  sa'trap,  n.  A  governor  of  a  province  in 
ancient  Persia;  hence,  any  petty  ruler  under  a  despot.  [< 
Gr.  satrapes.] — sa'trap-al,  a.  sa-trap'i-aU;  sa-trap'i- 
calt. — sa'trap-y,  n.  The  territory  or  the  jurisdiction  of  a 
satrap,    sa'trap-atet. 

sat'u-rate,  1  saeh'u-[or  sat'yu-]ret;  2  sach'u-[or  sat'yu-]- 
rat.  I.  vt.  [-RAT"EDd;  -rat"ing.]  1.  To  soak  or  imbue 
thoroughly;  fill  to  the  utmost  extent  of  the  capacity  for 
absorbing  or  retaining.  2.  Chem.  To  satisfy  the  affinity 
of.  II.  a.  1.  Filled  to  repletion;  saturated.  2.  Entom. 
Very  intense;  deep:  said  of  colors.  [  <  L.  saturatus,  pp., 
<  salur,  full.] — sat'u-ra-bl(ep,  a. — sat'u-rant.  I.  a. 
Saturating.  II.  n.  A  substance  that  fully  neutralizes 
another. — sat"u-ra'tion,  re.  The  act  of  saturating. — sat'- 
u-ra"tor,  n.     One  who  or  that  which  saturates. 

Sat'ur-day,  1  sat'ar-di;  2  sat'ur-dy,  n.  The  seventh  or 
last  day  of  the  week.  [  <  AS.  Sseterdseg,  <  L.  Saturnus, 
Saturn.  +  AS.  dseg.  day.)    Sat'er-dayt. 

.Sat 'urn,  1  sat'ern;  2  sat'urn,  n.  1.  The  planet  next  be- 
yond Jupiter,  distant 
from  the  sun  about 
886,000,000  miles.  In 
astrology  it  was  re- 
garded as  a  melan- 
choly planet.  See 
saturnine.    2.  Myth. 

The  ancient  Italic  god 

of  seed=time  and  har-  Saturn,  showing  its  Rings  and  the 
vest:     said    to    have  Belts  on  the  Planet, 

civilized    the    people 

of  Italy  by  instructing  them  in  agriculture;  hence, 
his  reign,  celebrated  as  the  golden  age.  [  <  L. 
Saturnus,  <  satus,  pp.  of  sero,  sow.] — Sat"ur-na'll-a,  n.  pi. 
Rom.  Anliq.  1.  A  feast  of  Saturn  held  at  Rome  in  mid» 
December.  2.  [s-]  Any  season  or  period  of  general  license 
or  revelry:  generally  construed  as  a  singular;  as,  a  saturnalia 
of  crime. — Sat"ur-na'H-an,  a. — Sa-tur'ni-an,  a.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  the  god  or  to  the  planet' Saturn,  especially  to 
a  fabled  golden  age  in  the  reign  of  Saturn,  marked  by  sim- 
plicity, virtue,  and  happiness. — sat'ur-nin(es,  a.  1.  Under 
the  influence  of  the  planet  Saturn;  gloomy;  morose.  2.  [S-] 
Pertaining  to  Saturn.     3.  Old  Chem.  Pertaining  to  lead. 

sat'yr,  1  sat'ar  or  se'tar;  2  sat'yr  or  sa'tyr,  n.    Gr.  Myth. 
A  woodland  deity,   having  goat=like 
ears,  pug=nose,  short  tail,  and   bud- 
ding horns.   [  <  Gr.  satyros,  a  satyr.] 
— sa-tyr'lc,  sa-tyr'I-cai,  o. 

sauce,  1  ses;  2  sag.  I.  vt.  [sauced*; 
sauc'ing.]  I.  To  dress  with  sauce; 
season;  give  zest  to.  2.  [Colloq.]  To 
be  saucy  to.  II.  n.  1.  An  appetizing 
dressing  for  food ;  loosely,  any  appe- 
tizing  accompaniment  of  a  meal.  2.  A  Heaa  or  a  »atyr. 
dish  of  fruit=pulp  stewed  and  sweetened.  3.  [Colloq.] 
Table  vegetables,  as  roots  or  greens,  garden  sauce | . 
4.  [Colloq.]  Pert  or  impudent  language.  [F.,  <  L.  salsa, 
salt  food.] — sauce'boi",  n.  [Colloq.]  A  saucy  person:  said 
generally  of  a  child.  —  sauce'pan",  n.  A  metal  pan  with 
projecting  handle,  for  cooking  sauces,  etc. — sau'cer,  n.  A 
small  dish  for  holding  a  cup,  or  In  which  to  serve  fruits,  etc. 
— sau'cy,  a.  [SAU'CI-ER;  sau'ci-est.]  1.  Disrespectful  to 
superiors;  impudent.  2.  Piquant;  sprightly.  Syn.:  see 
impudent. — sau'cl-ly,  adv.  —  sau'rl-ness,  n. 

sau'Vlssc',  1  s6"sls';  2  so'cis',  n.  Fort.  A  sausage»shapcd  pipe, 
as  of  leather,  filled  with  powder,  forming  a  train.  [F.;  see 
sausage.] 

sauer'kraut",  1  sciur'kraut";  2  sour'krout*,  n.  Chopped  and 
fermented  cabbage.    [G.] 

saurt,  a.   Safe. 

sauft,  prep,  <fe  COnj     Save;  except . 

s.iul1,  1  sel;  2  sal,  n.  [Soot,  or  Obs.]   Soul;  mettle,    saulet. 

Sauls,  1  sol;  2  sal,  n.     1.  A  king  of  Israel.     /  Sam.  ix,  2.    2. 

The  Hebrew  name  of  the  Apostle  Paul.    Acts  xlii,  9. 
saul  'terf,  n.    Same  as  psalter. 
Sault  Salnte  Ma'rle,  1  su  sent  me'rl;  2  su  sant  ma'rC.    The 

name  of  two  towns  on  the  Sault  S:iinte  Marie  Kails  between 

lakes  Superior  and  Huron,  connected  by  a  railroad  bridge: 

(1)  In  Michigan,  port  of  entry  to  the  United  Slates;   pop. 

14,000;  (2)  In  Ontario  province,  Canada,  port  of  entry  to 

Canada;  pop.  11,000. 
saun'ter,  1  Bon'ter  or  sen'tar;  2  s&n'tei  or  san'ter.    I.  vi. 

To  walk  in  a  leisurely  or  lounging  way;  stroll;  loiter; 

hence,  to  idle.     II.  «.   1.  A  leisurely  manner  of  walking. 


2.  An  idle  stroll.   [  <  OF.  s'aventurer,  for  se,  self,  4-  aven- 
turer,  adventure.]    Syn.:  see  linger.— saun'ter-er,  n. 

Sau'ri-a,  1  se'n-a;  2  sa'ri-a,  n.  pi.  Her  p.  A  division  of  rep- 
tiles, formerly  including  lizards,  crocodiles,  dinosaurians, 
pterodactyls,  and  other  fossil  forms.  [<  Gr.  sauros,  lizard.] 
— sau'rl-an.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  the  Sauria.  II.  n.  One 
of  the  Sauria;  a  lizard;  a  Iizard=like  reptile. 

sau'ry,  1  se'n;  2  sa'ry,  n.  An  edible  fish  of  the  North  Atlantic 
having  the  jaws  produced  into  a  slim  beak,  and  traveling 
in  predatory  shoals.     [MLG.F  sor,  dry.]     sau'ry  spike"}:. 

sau'sage,  1  se'sij;  2  sa'sag,  n.  1.  Finely  chopped  and 
highly  seasoned  meat,  commonly  stuffed  into  the  pre- 
pared entrails  of  some  animal.  2.  A  saucisse.  3.  A  type 
of  ahvship  or  kite=balloon  shaped  like  a  sausage.  [<  F. 
saucisse,  <  L.  salsus,  pp.  of  salio,  salt.] 

sau"te',  1  so"te';2so"te',  pa.  Fried  quickly  with  little  grease, 
as  potatoes.    [F.]  [dry  v  hite  French  wine. 

Sau"terne',  1  so"tern'  or  se-turn';  2  so'tern'  or  sa-tern',  n.    A 

sav'age,  1  sav'tj;  2  sav'ag.  I.  a.  1.  Of  a  wild  and  un- 
tamed nature;  not  domesticated;  hence,  ferocious; 
fierce.  2.  Living  in  or  belonging  to  the  most  primitive 
and  rude  condition  of  human  life  and  society;  uncivil- 
ized; as,  savage  tribes.  3.  Enraged;  cruel;  furious.  4§. 
Remote  from  human  abode;  belonging  to  the  wilder- 
ness; as,  a  savage  trail.  II.  n.  1.  A  wild  and  uncivilized 
human  being.  2.  A  brutal,  fierce,  and  cruel  person;  a 
barbarian.  3.  A  ferocious  animal.  [  <  F.  sauvage,  < 
L.  silvaticus,  <  silva,  wood.]  Syn.:  see  barbarous;  bitter; 
fierce;  grim;  sanguinary. — sai'age-ly,  adv. — sav'age- 
ry,  n.  1.  The  state  of  being  savage,  sav'age-nessl.  2. 
Savages  collectively,    sav'age-domt;  sav'ag-ismf. 

sa-van'na,     )  1  sa-van.'a;  2  sa-van'a.  n.    A  tract  of  level 

sa-van'nah, J  land  covered  with  low  vegetation;  a  tree- 
less plain.    [  <  U.  Sp.  savana,  sheet.] 

Sa-van'nah,  1  sa-van'a;  2  sa-van'a,  re.  1.  A  river  between 
Georgia  and  South  Carolina;  450  m.  to  the  Atlantic.  2.  A 
city  and  cotton  port  in  E.  Georgia;  pop.  90,000. 

sa"vant',  1  sa"van';  2  sa"vah',  re.  [sa"vants'  or  sa"vans't. 
pi.]    A  man  of  special  learning.    [F.]    Syn.:  see  scholar. 

save,  1  sev;  2  sav,  v.  [saved;  sav'ing.]  1. 1.  1.  To  make 
safe,  or  bring  to  safety;  rescue,  as  from  injury  or  evil; 
keep;  preserve.  2.  To  keep  from  being  spent  or  lost; 
prevent  waste  of;  as,  to  save  money,  time,  or  labor.  3. 
To  deliver  from  the  punishment  and  power  of  sin;  de- 
liver from  spiritual  death.  4.  To  take  advantage  of; 
avoid  missing;  as,  to  save  the  early  tide.  5.  To  avoid  or 
prevent  by  timely  action.  6.  To  render  exempt;  protect. 
7.  To  make  allowance  for;  excuse.  II.  i.  1.  To  avoid 
needless  waste;  be  economical.  2.  To  be  preserved. 
[<  F.  sauver,  <  L.  salvos,  safe.]  Syn.:  see  deliver;  pre- 
serve; scrimp.— sav'a-bl(eP, a.  save'a-bKePf.  -ness,  n. 
— sav'er,  n.— sav'ing-ly,  adv.— sav'ing-ness,  n. 

Save,  1  sav;  2  sav,  re.  A  river  of  Austria;  length,  650  m.  from 
Carnlola  to  the  Danube;  scene  of  severe  fighting  between 
Servians  and  Austrians.  1914-1915. 

save,  prep.  &  conj.     Excepting;  unless.     Syn.:  see  but. 

sav'e-loy,  1  sav'i-loi;2  sav'e-loy,  re.  [Prov.]  A  kind  of  highly 
seasoned  dried  sausage  made  of  Salted  pork.    [  <  F.  cervekU.] 

sat  'in.  1  sav'm;  2  sav'in,  re.  1.  A  bushy  shrub  or  small  tree 
of  the  pine  family.  2.  The  red  cedar.  [  <  AS.  safine,  <  L. 
snbina,  <  Sabinus,  Sabine.] 

sav'ing,  1  sev'irj;  2  sav'ing.  I.  pa.  1.  Preserving  from 
destruction;  redeeming;  delivering.  2.  Avoiding  need- 
less expense;  economical;  frugal.  3.  Incurring  no  loss, 
if  not  gainful.  4.  Holding  in  reserve;  making  an  excep- 
tion; qualifying;  as,  a  saving  clause.  II.  n.  I.  Preserva- 
tion from  loss  or  danger;  redemption.  2.  Avoidance  ol 
waste;  economy;  reduction  in  cost.  3.  pi.  .Sums  not 
expended,  but  laid  away.  UI.  prep.  &  con j.  I.  With 
the  exception  of ;  save.  2.  Without  disrespeel  to 
Syn.:  see  frugality.— sav'lngs»bank",  re.   An  Institution 

for  investing   savings  and   paying  interest  on  deposits, 
Sav'ior,    )  1  sev'yar;  2  sav'yor,  n.    1.  He  who  saves  men 
Sav'iour,  J  from  death  and  sin;  Jesus  Christ,  the   Re- 
deemer. 2.  [s-1  One  who  saves.  |<  LL,.' salvator,  savior.] 
Sa"vo-na-ro'la,  1  sfi'vo-na-rO'Ia;  2  sfi'vo-na-rO'la,  Glrolamo 

(1452-1498).     Italian  monk;  reformer  executed  for  heresy. 

sa'vor,  1  s6'ver;  2  Ba'vor,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  season;  give 
flavor  to.  2 1|.  To  have  the  flavor  of.  11./.  To  have  a 
specified  flavor  or  quality;  taste  or  smell:  with  of.  [< 
F.  savourcr,  <  L.  sapor,  taste.]    sa'voiirl. 

sa'vor,  n.  1.  Flavor;  relish;  perfume:  applied  to  t:iste, 
to  odor,  or  to  both  combined.  '!■  Specific  q  unlit  j  or  ap- 
proach to  :i  quality;  Savor,    sa'voiirl. 

S.VT1.:  flavor,   fragrance,   odor,    relish,   scent,   smell.    t:istc. 

See  smbUi     sa'vor-less,  a.    Tasteless;  insipid     sa'vor-y, 

a.     1.  Of  an  agreeable  savor;  appetizing.     2.  [n good  repute. 

Syn.:  sec  delicious     sa'vor-1-ly,  adv.    sa'voM-ness,  n 
sa'vor-y,   n      A   hardy  annual  aromatic  herb.     |<   F. 
tavorte,  ■    1..  saturela,  savory.]    summer  savory  t. 


s.l>  .l\ 
v.   ir.iti 


■  ii-t;  fat.  fir.  prty;  hhtpeBee:  ob*7,t0;  not.o>:  tall,  rtfe;  bodbftra; 

.      are,  fiat,  wo*  I     I        i  ■  6;  I  -  fi;  gO,  n6t,  Or,  »<■>...       MM 


tbbage 

II.  1.1.'.    0U1  "ith 

ike  moiiona  like  on< 


i»  .         i  ited  teeth  :ir- 


■- 


$kQZ$k 


\  arte) 

.   *-  I.U.Ir. 


rlrriilar  saw.    i  disk  Having  saw* 
periphery,  and  mounted  on  an  arbor. 
which   it    is   rotated,    usually  at    a    Ugh  speed 
saw 'buck".    •.         is  \     rick     or    frame    COD 

lotned    by  a   oonneotlng    bar   or 
..f  wood   while  they    an-   being 


-.m  'dust", 

•ut    by 

.  .l«  II:. 

. 

an.lt'  ' 

DKCd 

Into 


Small   fragments,   as  of   wood, 
saw      saw 'llsh",    n.      a   Bpeclee 


^     - 


armed   with    teeth   on    each   edge.  —  saw'fly",    n. 
a  hyi  Insect  having  a  saw. like  ovipositor  for 

.  In  which  to  lay  its  eggs. 

ni  horse",  n      Same   as   bawbucx.—  saw'mlll".  n.     1. 

An  establishment  for  sawing  logs  Into  lumber,   'i.  A  large 

sawlng-machlne.     saw   pit,  A  pit  over  which  a  timber 

me  ol  w  horn  stands  in 

the  pit  and  the  other  above.— saw>set,  n.    An  Instrument 

isaw.  sawswaget;  saw>wresl  . 

— saw'yer,  n.    1.  One  who  saws  logs     2.  (Western  1     -     \ 

fallen  tree  the  roots  of  which  rest  on  the  bottom  of  a  stream. 

the  top  rising  and  tailing  with  the  current,  saw'er:  [Bare.]. 

saw,  1  A  proverbial  or  familiar  saying.    [< 

Syn.:  see  adage. 
sawn,  1  sen:  2  san,  pp.  ol  BAW,  ». 
saw  'trie*,  n.    Psalter,    saw'teret;  saw'tryt. 
sai:,  1  saks:  2  saks.  n.     1.  A  slate»cutters'  hammer,    slate's 

ai":.    '•!».  A  long  knife:  sword.    [<  AS.  seax.  knife.] 
-  a  .  six. 

Sal.,  a'  : \ony. 

< 'unite  de   (lfi96-1750).      Hermann 
Maurice,  a  French  marshal:  victor  at  I'ontenoy,  1745. 
Saie"<AI 'ten-burg.  1   - aks  '»al'ten-bGTg;  2  Bak 

n.    A  !    -I   m.;  pop.  216 

(  o'bnrg'Go'tha,  1  aaiB'«kO'boTg«go'te;  2  saks'.io'- 
a.     A   duchy  in  Germany;   764  sq.   m.;   pop. 
itals.  ( 'otmrg  and  Gotha. 
>1.-1  'iiiii-^-i-ii.    1    .moi'mrj-cn;  2   -mTning-en,   n.     A 

-many:  953  sq.  m.:  pop.  27- 
W  •  i'mar,  1  "voi'mar;  2  -vl'mar.  n.     A  grand  duchy 
'iermany:  1.397  sq.  m.:  pop.  417,100. 
sai'horn",  1  saks'hern';  2  B&ks'horn",  n.    A  lira--  wind' 
tnunent  having  a  long  winding  tube:  much  used  in 
military-  band.-.    [  <  Sax  (the  inventor)  +  horn.] 
sai'l-frage.  1   -ak-'i-fn.  rag;,  n.     A  perennial 

<  L.  saxut" 


herb,  growing  in  rocky  pk>.  I 

—  frango,  break      -tone 'break":. 


SStS'OO,  I  j'on.     I.  a.     Of  or  pertaining  to 

use,  or  to  their  language  or  coun- 
try.    Sax-on'lct.     II.  r».     1.  One  of  a  Teutonic  tribe 

that,  with  the  Angles  and  .lutes,  conquered  England 
in  t:.  8th  centuries.    2.  An  AnglO"Saxon.    3. 

A  native  of  £  I  one  of  'tie  four  Saxon  duchies. 

4.  The  language  "f  tl  •>.  Eence,  pure  idio- 

|     Sax'on-ism. 

sax'o-ri'.  1  -nix:  2  -nig.  pi.] 

A  fabric  made  from  wool  I    kingdom  of   - 

>at'o-n>-,  n.    a  kingdom  of  central  Germany;  5.789  sq.  m.: 
pop.  4307,000;  cap 

-at  'o-phone,   |    -.,.-■■>- fr,n;  2  saks'o-fOn,  n. 

wlrul-  bllng,   but   more    powerful   than,  a 

-    -PHONS.j 

sai'  =  tu"ba,  1  s.ik-'-tlu'ba:  2  saks'-tO'ba.  n.    A  bass  saxhorn. 

say,  1  s£;  2  -a.  r      [SAID;  -ai'i.-.o  ]    I.  (.     1.  To  pronounce 
iri  v.  r  or  l  lily;  -peak;  recite.    2.  To 

declare  or  make  known  in  words,  either  orally  or  in  writ- 
ing; teiL     3.  To  utter  as  a  decision  or  opinion.     4.  To 


\     t  I  lie  ol    .'I-  D   WOI  kllU'   ll\  DOl  hi 

II.       To  make  an  aiwortion     | 
Syn    see  allkoc;  umkri  say'fng,  s      kn  utter- 

maxim      Syn      .  e  IDAQ] 
M)  .         i.  W  1  oi  has  to  say;  testimony; 

word      8.  |<  'olloq  ]  Right  or  i  uj  rj  i 

-.i\    .  ffcol  .  or  (  Hi-       I .    \     :c\   or  Irial  I 

.    specimen     '.'.  1 1  led  quail)  \ .  temper 
-iv     .        i.  \  One  thin  serge  used  in  the  16th  oenturj     '.'•  \ 

'  satin  or  ,-iik 
S.  it  .    ''V     Bachelor  of  Science,  South  Britain,    sb.,  <>M>r. 

Substantive 
sblr'ro,  I  sbli  n,    [bbir'ri,  1  -ri;  2  -ri,  />/  |    An 

police  officer    (it  .       i.  burrus,  red  I  [tlon. 

'sbloodf,  I  sblnd;  :.'  gblod,  Inter  J.    God's  blood:  an  Impreea 
Be.,  Scotch.     -I..  oene,    cilUM  U  ,  namely,  to 

nil  -.  <•.,  s.  cap-.,  sin.  cap-., 

ObbT.  Small  capitals  8.  C,  OVOT.  Soutli  Carolina, 
Supreme  (  ourt. 

scab,  1  >kab.  2  se&b,  n,  1,  k  cruel  formed  on  the  surface 
oi  a  >.ire  •».  \  oontagious  disease  among  sheep,  re- 
sembling mange.  8.  Boi  kny  one  of  certain  plant> 
diseases  in  which  there  i>  a  roughened  or  warty  ezterioi 
4.  [Low.]  >  l  >  A  mean,  paltry  fellow  (2)  [Recen!  1  Henci  . 
opprobriously.a  workman  who  does  Dot  belong  to  or  will 
not  |oln a  laiior-union.  |-  L.xt scabies, Itch.]  -scabbed,  a. 
scab 'by,  a     scab 'bl-Iy,  adv.    scab'bl-ness,  n. 

scab 'hard,  1  skab'ard;  2  se&b'ard,  ".  A  Bheath,  as  of  a 
.-word,    f <  01    •     '  ''■■ . .  scabbard  ] 

sca'bl-es,  1  ske'bi-!z;  2  scil'lil-cs.  n.    Pathol.    The  Itch.     [I... 

<  scabo, scratch.]    sca'hl-mis, a. 
sca'brous,  1  -kr'lirns;  2  scfi'lirus,  n      Roughened  with 

minute  points;  rugged;  scurfy .    [<  LL.  scofrrosus.] 
Sea-fell'  Pike,  l  sks-feT;  2  sea-fel',     \  mountain  In  N.  w. 

England;  3,210  ft.  nigh;  the  highest  peak  in  England. 
scaf 'fold,  1  eaf'old.    Id.  tt.    t.  To  furnish, 

uphold,  or  support  with  or  as  with  a  scaffold.    2.  To 

lay  or  expose  upon  a  scaffold,  as  corpses,  as  donn  by 
some  Indian  tribes,  II.  n.  1.  A  temporary  elevated 
structure  for  the  support  of  workmen,  material-,  etc., 
as  in  building.  2.  An  isolated  platform  for  the  execution 
of  criminals^.  3.  A  Btage,  as  for  exhibition  purposes. 
[<  F.  ichafaud,  scaffold.)—  sraffold-lng,  n.  A  scaffold,  or 
sj  item  of  scaffolds,    scaf 'fold-age;. 

Sca'gUa,  1  skSlys;  2  sea'lya,  n.  An  Italian  calcareous  rock, 
corresponding  to  the  <  ihalk  of  England.    [It.] 

sca-gU61a,  1  ska-lyO'la;  2  scii-iyo'ia,  n.  Hard,  polished 
plasterwork  Imitating  marble,  granite,  or  other  some     [it.] 

sca-Iade',  1  aka-16d';  2  Bea-lfld',  n.  1  .  A  scaling-ladder.  2f. 
Escalade,    sca-la'dot. 

seal 'a- wag,  j  l  skal'e-wag;  2  Beal'a-wfig,  n.    1.  [Slang,  U.  S.) 

scal'la-wag,  J  a  worthless  fellow:  scamp,  'i.  a  worthless  or 
very  inferior  animal:  Orel  applied  to  the  Undersized  cattle  of 
Shetland.    [Cor,  of  Scalloway,  Shetland. 1 

scald,  1  skeld;  2  scald,  tt.  1.  To  burn  with  or  as  with  a 
hot  fluid.  2.  To  cook  slightly  in  hot  liquid.  3.  To 
cleanse  with  hot  water.   [  <  L.  *  ex,  out,  -f-  caldun,  hot.) 

scald,  a.    Same  as  scalled:  erroneous  form. 

scald',  n.  1.  A  burn  or  injury  of  the  skin  by  a  hot  fluid, 
as  water  or  steam.    2.  An  act  of  scalding, 

scald-.  ».  [Colloq.]  1.  Scurf  on  the  head;  scab.  2.  A  destruc- 
tive (lisea.se  of  cranberries.    [Cor.  of  scall.] 

scald  ,  1  skeld  or  skald;  2  scald  or  scald,  n.  An  ancient 
Scandinavian  bard  or  minstrel.  [<  Ice.  skald,  poet.] 
skald;.— scal'dlc,  a. 

scale1,  1  BkSl;  2  sefil,  v.  [scaled;  scal'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
clear  of  or  to  cover  with  scale  or  scales.  2.  To  reduce  by 
paring  or  shaving;  pare  down.  3.  To  incrust.  II.  t.  1. 
To  come  off,  as  scales  or  flakes.  2.  To  become  crusted 
internally:  said  of  a  boiler. 

scale2,  r.  1. 1 .  1.  To  surmount  by  climbing;  ascend,  as  by 
a  ladder.  2.  To  make  a  drawing  of,  according  to  a  scale. 
3.  To  reduce  according  to  a  scale,  as  wages:  often  with 
down.  II.  t.  Toserveas  or  to  resemble  a  ladder;  afford 
steps  for  ascent.  [  <  L.LI'  scala.  ladder.] — scal'a-bl(er, 
a.    Capable  of  being  scaled,  as  a  wall. 

scale3,  tt.  1.  To  determine  the  weight  of  by  means  of 
scales;  measure  or  estimate  the  weight  or  quantity  of. 
2.  To  amount  to  in  weight.  3.  To  make  of  exact  weight 
or  tic:, -ure;  divide  into  proper  quantities. 

scale,  ri.  1.  Zool.  One  of  the  thin,  flat,  horny,  mem- 
branous or  bony  outgrowths  of  I  he  skin  of  various  verte- 
i,  as  most  fishes.  "J.  \  icale»like  structure,  as  on 
the  wings  of  butterflies.  3.  A  -cab  4.  A  homopterous 
insect  injurious  to  cultivated  plants  and  fruits,  scale's 
in"'.ec(;.  Bee  illus.  on  next  page.  5.  Bot.  A  rudi- 
mentary or  metamorphosed  leaf,  as  of  a  pinccone. 
6.  Mech.  (1)  The  coating  of  oxid  that  forms  on  heated 
iron,  etc.  (2)  An  incrustation  as  on  the  inside  of  boilers. 
[  <    AS.  sceale.  scale.] — San  Jose  scale,  a  scale  de- 


1:9  =  final;    i  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    iii  =  feud;    (!hin;    go;    t)  =  sing;    thin,   this.  SaVOy 

t>»ft         2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.         scarab 


Scale«insect. 

The   fluted  or  cottony 
shionssoale  of  the  or- 


structive  to  various  fruit»trees:   so  called   because   it   first 
appeared  in  the  United  States  at  San  Jose,  California. 

scale?,  re.  1.  A  piece  of  metal,  wood,  or  glass  bearing  lines 
or  graduations  for  use  in  measurement,  or  the  series  of 
marks  so  used.  2.  Any  system  of 
designating  units  of  measurement 
or  in  which  a  fixed  proportion  is 
used  in  determining  quantities.  3. 
A  system  of  arithmetical  notation 
in  which  the  successive  places  de- 
termine the  value  of  figures,  as  the 
decimal  system.  4.  Any  progressive  or 
graded  series;  a  gradation.  5.  Mus. 
All  the  tones  or  notes  of  a  key  in  regu- 
lar ascending  or  descending  order,  in 
an  octave  or  more.  6f.  An  escalade. 
7f.  A  succession  of  steps;  ladder; 
stairs:  the  original  meaning.  [  <  L.' 
scala,  ladder,  <  scando,  climb.] 

scale3,  re.  1.  The  bowl,  scoop,  or  plat- 
form of  a  weighing=instrument  or  bal- 
ance; also,  the  balance  itself.  2.  Any 
form  of  weighing-machine:  in  this 
sense  commonly  plural.  3.  [S-l  A  sign  "7,:  ,1-  si,de  "-.w>.ot  an 
of  the  zodiac,  called  also  Libra  or  The  „f  IS  tlTX" 

Balance.     [  <  AS.  SCdle,  bowl.]  2.    Adult   female,  dorsal 

scale'dn"sect,  n.    Same  as  scale',  re.,  4.     yiew- 

sca-lene',  1  ske-lin';  2  sca-Ien',  a.  Geom.  1.  Having  sides 
no  two  of  which  are  equal :  said  of  a  triangle.  2.  Having 
the  axis  inclined  to  the  base:  said  of  a  cone  or  cylinder. 
[<  L.  scalenus,  uneven.]    sca-le'noust. 

scal'er,  1  skel'ar;  2  seal'er,  re.  One  who  or  that  which 
scales  in  any  sense  of  scale1  or  scale2,  v. 

scall,  1  skel;  2  seal.  n.  A  cutaneous  eruption  of  small  pustular 
vesicles  containing  a  purulent  fluid:  often  epidemic  among 
children;  any  scabby  or  scaly  eruption.  [<  Ice.  skalli,  bald 
head.]— stalled,,  a.  1.  Affected  with  scall;  scabby;  as,  a 
scalled  scalp.     2f.  Base  and  mean;  paltry,     scaldf. 

seal 'lion,  1  skal'yan;  2  scal'yon,  n.  1.  The  shallot.  2.  Any 
bulbless  onion  with  a  long  thick  neck,  like  a  leek.  [<  L. 
icsepa)  Ascalonla,  onion  of  Ascalon.] 

scal'lop,  1  skel'ap;  2  seal'op.  I'.  vt.  1.  To  cook  in  a 
scallop=shell ;  bake,  as  oysters,  with  crums  and  seasoning. 
2.  To  shape  the  edge  of  with  scallops;  ornament  with 
scallops.  II.  n.  1.  A  bivalve  having  a  nearly  circular 
shell  with  radiating  ribs  and  wavy  edge;  alsol  its  shell, 
formerly  worn  as  a  pilgrim's  badge.  2.  A  dish  or  pan 
(originally  a  scallop=shell)  in  which  oysters  are  cooked 
or  served.  3.  One  of  a  series  of  semicircular  curves 
along  an  edge,  as  for  ornament.  [  <  OF.  escalope,  <  D 
schelp,  shell.]    es-cal'lopt;  scol'lopf. 

scalp,  1  skalp;  2  scalp.  I'.  vt.  1.  To  tear  or  remove  the 
scalp  from,  as  in  Indian  warfare.  2.  Hence,  to  remove 
the  top  or  covering  of  (anything) ;  level  by  lopping  or 
tnmnung.  3.  [Colloq.]  To  buy  and  sell  at  reduced 
rates,  as  railroad  tickets.  II.  re.  The  skin,  or  skin  and 
hair,  of  the  top  of  the  skull,  especially  as  a  war=trophy 
among  savages.  [  =  scallop.]— scalp'er,  re.  One  who 
or  that  which  scalps;  specif.,  one  who  buys  and  sells  railroad 
or  other  tickets  at  less  than  official  rates;  a  ticket»broker 
seal 'pel,  1  skal'pel;  2  scal'pel,  re.  A  small  pointed  knife 
used  in  dissections  and  in 
surgery.  [F.] 
scal'y,  1  skel'i;  2  seal 'y,  a. 
1.  Having  a  covering  of 


Scalpel  for  Dissecting. 


scales;  hence,  also,  exfoliated;  scurfy.  2.  Of  the  na- 
ture of  a  scale;  squamous.  3.  Incrusted,  as  a  boiler,  i. 
[Colloq]      Mean;  dishonorable.  —  scal'i-ness,  re. 

Sea-man 'der,  1  ska-man'dar;  2  sca-man'der,  n.  An  ancient 
winding  river  in  Asia  Minor,  near  Troy. 

scain'blet,t>.  I.  t.  1.  To  scatter.  2.  To  gather  confusedly. 
3.  To  mangle.    II.  i.   1.  Toscramble.   2.  To  act  awkwardly . 

scam'mo-ny,  1  skam'o-ni;  2  scam'o-ny,  re.  1.  A  climbing 
plant  of  the  Levant,  with  tuberous  roots  containing  a 
milky  Juice.  2.  The  dried  resin  of  scammony-roots,  a  strong 
cathartic.    [<  Gr. »  skammonia,  scammony.] 

scamp',  1  akamp;  2  stamp,  vt.  To  perform,  as  work,  care- 
lessly or  dishonestly.    [  <  Ice.  skmntu;  see  scant,  v.] 

.scamp,  «.  1.  A  confirmed  rogue;  good«for*nothimj  fel- 
low; rascal.  2§.  A  vagabond;  fugitive:  the  original 
meaning.  [  <  OF.  escamver;  see  scamper,  o.] — 
scamp 'bh,  a.    scamp'y f. 

scam  'per,  1  skam'par;  2  scam'per.  I.  vi.  To  run  rapidly, 
as  from  danger;  hurry  ),,  escape;  hasten  away.  II.  n. 
A  burned  flight.  |  <  I,.'"  ex,  out,  +  campus,  field.]  — 
scam'per-iT,  re. 

scan,  1  skan;  2  scan,  vt.  &  vi.  [scanned;  bcan'ning.]  1. 
I'o  read  metrically,  as  verse;  conform  to  metrical  rule's. 
2.  To  scrutinize;  examine  with  care.     (<  L.r  scando, 


climb.]    Syn.:  see  look.— scan 'sion,  n.    The  act  of  scan- 
ning verse  so  as  to  show  its  metrical  parts. 
Scan.,  Stand.,  abbr.    Scandinavian. 
scan'dal  [,  1  skan'dal;  2  scan'dal,  vt.     1.  To  utter  scandal 

against.    2.  To  give  offense  to;  scandalize. 
scan'dal,  1  skan'dal;  2  scan'dal,  re.    1.  The  heedless  or 
malicious  dissemination  of  evil  reports;   slander      2. 
Reproach   caused  by  disgraceful   conduct      f  <  Gr  °* 
skanclalon,  snare.] 

Syn.:  aspersion,  backbiting,  calumny,  defamation  detrac- 
tion, obloquy,  odium,  reproach,  slander.  Scandal  'mav  be 
odious  truth;  slander  is  certain  falsehood.— Ant  ■  apDlause 
celebrity,  credit,  eulogy,  fame,  glory,  honor,  renown  repu- 
tation, repute.— Prep.:  the  scandal  of  the  town;  a  scandal 
to  the  family;  ire  the  church;  about  a  person 

— scan'dal-lze,  vt.  [-ized;  -iz'ing.]  1.  To  shock  the 
feelings  of.  i.  To  subject  to  scandal  or  disgrace-  traduce- 
malign.  3.  To  bring  into  reproach,  scan'dal-isef  — ' 
scan'dal-ous,  a.  1.  Causing,  or  tending  to  cause,  scandal- 
being  a  scandal;  disgraceful.  2.  Consisting  of  evil  or  mali- 
cious reports;  tending  to  injure  reputation.  3.  Law  Libel- 
ous; also,  unsuitable.  Syn.:  see  flagrant;  infamous  — 
scan'dal-ous-ly,  adv.  scau'dal-ous-ness,  re. 
scau'dent,  1  skan'dent;  2  sean'dent,  a.    Bot.    Climbing 

or  aiding  to  climb,  as  a  plant.     [  <  L.  scando,  climb  ] 
Scan'der-beg,  1  skan'dar-beg;  2  scan'der-beg,  re.     (1403- 
1468.)      George  Castriot,   an  Albanian  chief;   maintained 
Albanian  independence  against  Turkey.    [Cor.  of  Iskander 
Beg,  i.  e.,  Alexander  Bey.) 
Scan"dl-na'vi-a,  1  skan"di-ne'vi-a;  2  scan'di-na'vi-a,  re     A 
peninsula  of  N.  W.  Europe,  occupied  by  Sweden  and  Nor- 
way; formerly  the  whole  land  of  the  Norsemen,  Including, 
also,  Denmark  and  Iceland.— Scan"di-na'vl-an,  a.  &  re 
scan'dl-um,  1  skan'di-um;  2  scan'di-um,  re.    Chem.    A  rare 

metallic  element.     See  element. 
scan 'sion,  re.    See  under  scan,  v. 

scan-so 'ri-al,  1  skan-so'n-al;  2  scan-so 'ri-al,  a.    Pertain- 
ing to  or  adapted  for  climbing.     [  <  L.  scansorius,    < 
scansus,  pp.  of  scando,  climb.]    scan-so 'ri-ous£. 
scantd,  1  skant;  2  scant,  v.    I.  t.    1.  To  restrict  or  limit 
the  supply  of;  hence,  to  give  grudgingly.  2.  To  put  on 
short  allowance;   stint.     II.  i.  Naut.  To  decrease  in 
force;  lessen;  also,  to  shift  to  a  less  favorable  direction, 
as  the  wind.    [<  Ice.  skamta,  dole  out.]    Syn.:  see  scrimp. 
scant,  a.     1.   Scarcely  enough;  meager  in  measure  or 
quantity.     2.   Insufficiently  supplied  with  something: 
followed   by   of,   or,   rarely,   in;  as,   scant   of  breath. 
Syn.:  see  scanty.— scant'ly,  adv.— scant'ness,  re. 
scant'Ung,  1  skant'lin;  2  scant'ling,  n.     1.  Timber  less 
than  5  inches  in  breadth  and  thickness,  used  for  stud- 
ding, etc.  2.  Shipbuilding.  A  set  of  fixed  or  prescribed 
dimensions,  as  for  the  plates  or  flooring  of  a  vessel. 
scant'y,  1  skant 'i;  2  scant'y,  a.     [scant'i-er;  scanti- 
est.]   1.  Limited  in  extent;  small;  close.    2.  Restricted 
in  quantity  or  number.    3.  Sparing. 

Syn.:  chary,  deiicient,  insufficient,  limited,  narrow,  nig- 
gardly, parsimonious,  poor,  scant,  scarce,  scrimp,  scrimped, 
scrimping,  scrimpy,  short,  small,  sparing.— Ant.:  see  syno- 
nyms for  ample.— scant'1-ly,  adv.— scant'i-ness,  re.    The 
condition  of  being  scanty.     Syn.:  see  want. 
scape',  1  skep;  2  scap,  vt.  &  vi.    [Archaic  or  Poet.]    To  escape, 
scape,  re.    1.  Bot.  A  long,  naked,  radical  peduncle  rising  from 
a  depressed  stem,  as  in  the  dandelion.    2.  Enlom.  A  stem- 
like part,  as  of  an  antenna.     3.  Omlth.  The  whole  shaft  of 
a  feather.    4.  The  shaft  of  a  column.  [F.,<  L.  sea  pus,  stem.] 
scape'goat",  1  skep'g6t";  2  scap'got",  n.    1.  Bib.  A  goat 
upon  which  the  sins  of  the  people  were  symbolically 
laid,  and  which  was  then  sent  away  into  the  wilderness. 
Lev.  xvi,  10.    2.  A  person  made  to  bear  blame  for  others. 
scape'grace",  1  skep'gres";  2  scap'grac",  n.    A  graceless, 

mischievous,  or  incorrigible  person. 

staph 'old,  1  skaf'old  or  skt'fold:  2  seaf'6id  or  scil'fOld.    I.  a. 

lioat-shaped.     II.  re.     1.  A  proximal  bone  of  the  wrist  on 

the  radial  side;  the  navicular.    2.  A  bone  of  the  tarsus.     [< 

Gr.  skaphoeidSs,  <  skaphB,  bowl,  -+-  cidos;  sce-om.] 

scap'ii-la,  1  skap'yu-le;  2  seap'vu-la,  n.    |-i..k,  />/.|    The 

shoulder-blade.    ILL.,   <  L.  scapula,  shoulder«blades.] 

BCap'U-lar,  a.     scap'u-la-ry  f.     scap'u-lar,  re.     A'    <  . 

Ch.    1.  A  narrow  strip  of  cloth  crossing  the  shoulders,  worn 

b\   members  of  Roman  Catholic  orders.    2.  in  surgery,  a 

bandage  passing  over  the  shoulder-blade,     scap'u-la-ry  J. 

scar,  1  sk<ir;  2 sear,  ri  &  1 1    [scabbed,  bcardpj  bcar'rinq.] 
To  mark,  or  become  marked,  wit  h  e    ca  i 

SCar1,  re.    The  mark  left  on  the  skin  after  the  healing  of  a 

wound;  hence,  any  mark  of  past   injury,  abrasion,  etc.: 

often  used  figuratively,    I  <  I.  '  eachara,  scab  ] 
scar-,  re.  [Eng.]    1.  A  bare  rook  standing  alone,    2.  A  clifl 
or  rocky  place  on  the  side  ni  a  loll  or  mountain.    [< 

Ice.  skir.   ■     ski  ru.  shear]    scaur;  [Scot.]. 

scar'ab,  l  skar'sb;  2  scar'ab,  n.    1.  A  beetle  held  sacred 

by  the  ancient  Egyptians  as  the  symbol  of  resurrection. 


s.  .ir.iiuniu  Ii    |    i,  art;   fat.fi  -i  r  ..  ;    tilt.  police ;    obey,  gfl;   not.ttr;   full,  rule;   Inn.  hOrn; 

srleutltlr  >      a        .1      .>    ,  last,  wh»t.  nil;  nr     ...  .ii  i  ....    Or,  won,  696 


I 
motor 


ir..l  inscribed  «iili 

I 

ii-     .    -.    ir 
H    U      .    >•..     II  I 

-.    i  r      i-l.i     l-iloll- 
.'I.I  II 

S<    II     l-b  .        .1  . 

...    ', 
y 

v.   ir    l...r-.ni«!i. 

.Illblinlisl 

m  ir,,  .  i.  :  ran. 

Marv   .  .'.   \..t  plontiful 

-.  in  .•  |] .  Barely;  no) 

-.    ir.  .  -i    ir   i  I- 1 1  .  oaD 

-.     U      I       11.    •-  MM 

-.  .ir.  .  I.  RKO;SC  iu'is..  ]     To 

fright      II.  ■■      Sudden  fright,  espe- 

.  terror;  panic     [<  Ice.  akjarr, 

seare'crow",  «,     i.    \n> 

dws  :iii<i  other  t.inis  from  growing 

il  false  alarm,    :i.  A  wretched-looking 

bugbear,  fright,  goblin,  hobgoblin, 

|l.i  BUI  :i  scurf  In. 

- .  i  r  i    .  To  unite  with  a  scarf-Joint;  also, 

.. .« r i  .  i.  iver  ..r  decorate  with  nr  as  with  :i  Bcarf. 

wrap  loosely  around  ..n.- 
>.  .in  .  I.  A  lapped  joint  mad<   aa  by  notching 

be  ends,  and  bolting  them  together. 
icarl    joint'    ,    S 
the  til  .  <  Bw.    ^ 

skarf.   scam.    <    Ice.   fl 
searpht. 
scarp,  l.    \   long   and 

ly  when 
»..rn  about  the  head  and 
in  ck       '.'.  ■  k  t  ie    or 

■:■     i.illy  one 
th:it     extends     i 

;  -  i  iHG  '" 

-ip.l 
sear!    »kin",   n.     The  epi- 

-i  ii rt '  -kin"  . 
m  .ir'i-f),  1  ,-kar'i-i 


Scarf-joints. 


-fy,  rt.     [-fied;  -j  v"inc  ]    1. 
or  make  slight  incisions  in,  as  in  the  skin  in 
stir  th,e  surface,  as  of  soil.    3.  To 
prune     4.  Figuratively,  t< >  criticize  severely;  make  cut- 
tin*:  a.     [<  (!r.L"K  skarvphaomai,  sketch  ] 
-r  ir  i-ti-i  .i  linn.  sear l-fl-ea" tor,    n     scar'i-fi"- 
■  r.               who  or  that  which  scarifies;  specif.,  a  cultivator 
•senlng  the  soil  without  turning  It  over. 
-'  ir   Ii-1;  hi.         Lr*le-ti'no;  2sc&r*la-tl'na,  n.  Aninfec- 
•  fever  characterised  by  a  diffused  scarlet  rashfi  1- 
1  by  the  scaling  off  of  the  cuticle   scarlet  fever   . 
scarlet,]                   .    ■  ;r'li't.    La.    1.  Hrilliant-red,  in- 
clinii  .                        '!.  <  lothed  in  scarlet.    II.  n.    1.  A 
brilliant  red,  inclining  to  orange,     2.  Any  one  of  several 
trying  from  yellow   to  brown  and  u-<  ■  1 
for  dyeing      3.  Cloth  or  clothing  of  a  scarlet  color. 
[L'lt.  <  Per.  saqalai,  scarlet  cloth.) 
scarp,                                     V.  rt.    To  cut  to  a  steep  slope. 
II.  :m  abrupt  declivity;  an  escari>- 
ment.    [<  I  '   epj 
vjr'nm',   1    skcTr  .'.    Paul    (1010-1060).     A 

husband  of  Madame  de  Malntenon. 
icart,  .  I.        ro   cratch;  mark  slightly. 

II.  n    i.  :.  \  pen- or  pencil-mark. 

■.<ar'>.  I  skJb  I.  Easily  Beared.     2. 

Ahat  (Tightened;  an     ■  .       :t.  <  living  cause  for  alarm. 
scat,  1  ,-kat:  2  seat,  n.    [Dial.]   Tax  or  tribute;  specif.,  a  land- 
tax  levied  •  -cstt;. 

-eat  be.  b.     I.  rt.    [SCAI  Ml  I.; 

Math,  .h'ino]    To  injure  severely;  harm,  skailli! 

II.  ojury;  harm:   mischief.    [<     \- 

tcealhan.  Injure.)  —  scathe 'ful  +  ,  a.  Causing  scathe    seath'- 
ful*.     lemtbe'MHi         Free  from  harm,    seathlessi. 
srath'ing.     I.  ;«.   Damaging;  withering;  merciless  In  se- 
ll, n    Harm;  injury,     -ly,  adv. 

seat'ter,  I       itfai   _'  se&t'er,  v.    I.  (.    1.  To  cast  about 

irregularly;  strew.     2.  To  cause  to  separati  ;  d 

II.  I  rt  in  many  different  directions; 

disperse.    '  •    spread;  bquandeb. 

-cat 'ter-braln",  n      a  out  concentration  of 

mind      scat 'ter  =  bralned".  teat'ter-er,  n      seat 'tor- 

good",  n.    1.  one  who  wastes  thai  which  Is  good;  a  spend- 
thrift      !  ■  •>  or  thai  which  distributes  char 
scat  'ter-llngj,  l  ■fcafar-hn;  2  seat'er-ung,  n.    A  person  with- 
out fixed  home  or  connections;  a  vagrant. 


sra-iii'ri-cnt J,  i  iks-UQ'n-ent; 

forth,  as  a  fountain 
scaup1,  duck  ..i  noi  fhcrnn 

having  the  head  and  nook  black  in  thi   male     I       lei 
scaup'  iiui  k 
-i  nip  .  i  ]    i  in-  scalp;  skull. 

-e.uir.  [BOOl  I     Same  as  SI   u; 

seai  'i-n-gi-r,  l  skav'en-ji  i 

.lean,  i      •'.    \n  animal  that   feeds  on  carrion,  as  the 
rd     [Ml      cot  O0i   .  ■    OF.  Meat  w  .  inspeot  ion  I 
scend,  i  i  ••  bea\  e  upward,  a 

s.i  on  a  wave,    II.  ".     The  upward  annular  displacement 
.i ;  opposed  to  pifcA    1 1  ..r  -i  m.  i 
scene,  i  sin;  8  -.  in,  n      I.   \  locality  and  all  connected 
with  it,  aa  presented  to  one's  i  i|»      IB- The 

place  1. 1 -.  m.  .1  on  the  stage  ol  a  theater,  where  the 

action  i      Supposed  tO  take  place;  hence,  the  place  an. I 

surroundings  of  any  event,  real  or  imagined  8<  \  ■  li  \  i  - 
si.ui  of  an  act  ..I  a  play;  one  comprehensive  event  in  a 
play;  hence,  any  combination  or  situation  that  may 
serve  as  the  Bubjeot  ..i  a  description.  4.  The  painted 
canvas  Boreen  or  screens  a>  the  background  for  a  play. 
"».  I  bat  part  oi  a  theater  in  winch  the  actors  perform 

l>.     \uy    striking   exhibition   or  display,    whether   inleii- 

i  or  accidental;  especially,  a  display  of  passion  oi 
excited  feeling,    [OF.,  <  Gr.L  skinl,  stage.] 

Syn.:    action,    display,    event,    exhibition,    Incident,    land- 
scape,    place,     prospect,     situation.     View.        See     yl    MUlM.1. 

sight;  bpsi  i  \.  i.i.     Bcen'er-y,  n.    r-iEB*,  pt  I    Natural  oi 
theatrical  scenes  collectively     scen'lo,  a.    1.  Artistic     ':. 
Picturesque.    ;i.  Relating  to  stage  scenery.     Bcenl-calt, 
scen'l-cal-ly, 

scent  !,  )  1  Bent  ,  2  s.nt.  r.     I.  t.     1.  To  perceive  or  trace 

sent1',    )  by  the  sense  of  smell.    2.  To  form  a  suspicion  of . 

3.  To  render  odorous;  perfume.     II.  i.     To  hunt  by 

scent,  as  dogs.    [<  F.  senftr,  discern  by  the  senses  I 

scent,  'i.     1.  An  odor,  pleasant  or  unpleasant,     '-i.  The 

effluvium  by  which  an  animal  can  be  tracked;  figura- 
tively, a  clue  aiding  investigation.  3.  A  fluid  essence 
containing  extracts  from  flowers  or  other  fragrant 
bodies;  perfume.  4.  The  sense  of  smell.  Syn.:  bavob; 
SMKI.I..  — scoiit'less,  a. 

SCep'ter,  )  1  sep'tor;  2  sep'ter.     I.  vt.     1.  To  confer  the 

scop 'I  re,  J  scepter  on;  invest  with  royal  power.  2.  To 
furnish  with  or  as  with  a  .scepter  or  scep- 
ters. II.  n.  1.  An  ornamental  staff  as  the 
badge  ol  command  or  sovereignty.  2. 
Hence,  kingly  office  or  power.  [<Gr.L+r 
sklplron,  <  skC/itd,  prop.) 

seep 'tic,  -tl-cal,  scep'tl-clsm,  etc.  Same  as 
skeptic,  etc. 

sch.,  schol.,  abbr.  [L.]  Scholium  (a  note). — 
sell.,  sclir.,  abbr.  Schooner. 

Scliair,  1  shaf;  2  sliiif.  Philip  (1819-189:5).    A 
man-American    church   historian;    editor; 
Reli  rtoui  Encyclopedia. 

Schauin'burg:Lip'pe,  1  shaum'burH-llp'a;  2 
shouni'lnjru-llp'e,  n.  A  principality  In  N. 
Germany;  131  sq.  m.;  pop.  46.000. 

sched'ule,  1  Bkej'ul;  2  se6j'ul.  I.  rt.  [-n.i.i>; 
-ti.-i.Nr,.]  1.  To  enter,  as  in  a  schedule.  2. 
To  make  a  schedule  of.  II.  n.  A  written 
or  printed  statement;  inventory.  [OF., 
<  LL.  schedvln.  small  leaf  of  paper.) 
Syn.:  see  list. 

Sohe-he"re-za'de,    1    Bhi-hCrS-za'da;    2  she- 

be'rc-zirde,  Queen.  The  relator  of  the  sto-  Head  of  the 
ries  In  the  Arabian  Nights.  g  cep  t  er 

Scheldt,  1  skelt;  2  seel  t,  n.  A  river  in  N.  ol  the  I'.rit  - 
France,  Belgium,  and  the  Netherlands;  270  [fl]j  Em- 
m.  to  North  Sea. 

.Schol 'ling,  1  ahel'irj;  2  Bhel'lng,  Frledrloh 
Wllbelin  J.  \on  (1775-1854).  A  German 
philosopher.     Seliel-lln'gl-an,  a. 

sclielm,  1  skelm;  2  sielm.  n.  [Scot.]  A  scoun- 
drel; pest.  [<  G.  schelm,  <  OIKI.  scalmo, 
plague.]    shelni*,. 

scheme,  1  skim;  2  seem,  l.vt.&vi.  [schemed;  schem'- 
im;.]     To  form  a  scheme  concerning;  make  a  scheme; 

devise;  plan.  II.  rt.  1.  A  plan  of  something  to  be  done; 
a  plot  or  device  for  the  accomplishment  of  an  object; 
project.  2.  A  combination  of  various  things  according 
to  a  general  plan  or  design  3.  A  formal  plan  or  arrange- 
ment, or  a  statement  of  such  a  plan;  also,  a  table  or 
schedule.  4.  An  outline  drawing  or  sketch;  diagram. 
[<  Gr.''  schema,  form.)  Syn.:  see  design;  hypothesis: 
PLAN;  project.  —  sche-mat'le,  a.  sche-mat'l-calj. — 
sclii-inat  '1-oal-ly,  arfo.-soliem'cr,  n. 

Sche-nec'ta-dy,  1  ski-nek't9-di;  2  see-ne.c'ta-dy,  n.  Acltyln 
E.  central  New  York;  seat  of  Union  University;  pop. 95,000. 

sober  'zo,  1  sker'tso;  2  seer'tso,  n.   Mus.   A  sportive  or  llght- 


plre.  show- 
i  n  g  t  h  e 
Great <  'ui- 
llnan  Dla- 
in  on  d  In 
position. 


1: ft  =  final;    l  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    rj  =  aing ;    fhin,    tins.  scurailioiU'll 
097  2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.         scientific 


some  movement,  usually  following  a  slow  movement,  espe- 
cially in  a  symphony  or  sonata.    [It.] 

Schl;i"pa-rerii,  1  skya'pa-rel'U;  2  scya"pa-reTli,  Giovanni 
(1835-1910).    An  Italian  astronomer  and  author. 

Schiller,  1  snil'ar;  2  shil'er,  Johann  Christoph  Friedrlch 
von  (1759-1805).    A  German  poet,  dramatist,  and  historian. 

schilling,  1  snil'in;  2  shil'ing,  re.  A  former  North=German 
silver  coin,  equal  to  l/m  thaler  or  about  1V&  cents.    [G.] 

schism,  1  sizm;  2  sism,  n.  1.  A  division  of  a  church  into 
factions.  2.  The  offense  of  causing  division  in  a  church 
without  justifiable  cause.  3.  An  ecclesiastical  body 
separated  from  a  larger  or  older  body,  as  from  an  estab- 
lished church.  4.  The  act  of  dividing,  or  the  state  of 
being  divided;  division.  [<  Gr.L+F  schisma,  split.)  Syn.:  see 
sect. — schis-mat'ic,  a.  &  re.— schis-mat'1-cal,  a. — 
schls-mat'i-cal-ly,  adv. — schls-mat'i-cal-ness,  re. 

schist,  1  sTust;  2  shist,  n.  Any  rock  that  readily  splits 
or  cleaves;  specifically,  in  geology,  a  rock  that  has  had 
a  parallel  or  foliated  structure  secondarily  developed 
in  it.  [<  Gr.L+F  schistos,  <  schizo,  cleave.] — schist'- 
ose,  a.    schist'ict;  schlst'ousj. 

schlz'o-carp,  1  skiz'o-karp;  2  sciz'o-carp,  n.  Bot.  A  split 
fruit;  a  pericarp  splitting  at  maturity  into  two  or  more  one= 
seeded  portions. — schiz"o-car'pous,  a.  schiz"o-car'pict. 

Schle'gel,  1  Shle'gel;  2  shle'gel,  n.  1.  August  Wiihelm  von 
(1767-1845),  a  German  "philologist.  2.  Friedrich  (1772- 
1829),  a  German  philosopher  and  critic. 

Schles 'wig  =Hol 'stein,  1  Shlez'viH=horsntain;  2  shles'viH» 
hoTshtln,  re.  A  peninsular  province  of  Prussia,  taken  from 
Denmark  in  the  war  of  1S64;  capital,  Schleswig. 

Schley,  1  slai;  2  sly,  Winfield  Scott  (1839-1911).  Rear* 
admiral  U.  S.  navy;  led  American  fleet  in  battle  oft  Santiago, 
July  3,  1898. 

Schlie'mann,  1  sWman;  2  shle'man,  Henrich  (1822-1890). 
A  German  archeologist;  excavator  of  Troy  and  Mycenai. 

schnapps,  1  snnaps;  2  snnaps,  re.  Holland  gin;  loosely,  any 
ardent  spirits.    [  <  G.  schnapps,  dram.]    schnapst. 

schol'ar, )  1  skel'ar;  2  scol'ar,  n.     1.  One  who  learns 

scol'arp,  J  under  a  teacher;  a  pupil;  learner.  2.  A  person 
eminent  for  learning.  3.  The  holder  of  a  scholarship. 
[  <  Gr.i-+As  schole,  school.] 

Syn.:  disciple,  learner,  pupil,  savant,  student.  The  primary 
sense  of  a  scholar  is  one  who  is  being  schooled;  thence  the 
word  passes  to  denote  one  who  is  apt  in  school  work,  and 
finally  one  who  is  thoroughly  schooled,  master  of  what 
the  schools  can  teach,  an  erudite,  accomplished  person: 
when  used  without  qualification,  the  word  is  generally 
understood  in  this  latter  sense;  as,  he  is  manifestly  a  scholar. 
Pupil  signifies  one  under  the  close  personal  supervision  or 
instruction  of  a  teacher  or  tutor.  Those  under  instruction 
in  schools  below  the  academic  grade  are  technically  and 
officially  termed  pupils.  The  word  pupil  Is  uniformly  so 
used  in  the  Reports  of  the  Commissioner  of  Education  of 
the  United  States,  but  popular  American  usage  prefers 
scholar  in  the  original  sense;  as,  teachers  and  scholars  en- 
joyed a  holiday.  Those  under  instruction  in  Sunday-schools 
are  uniformly  designated  as  Sunday=school  scholars.  Student 
is  applied  to  those  in  the  higher  grades  or  courses  of  study, 
as  the  academic,  collegiate,  scientific,  etc.  Student  suggests 
less  proficiency  than  scholar  in  the  highest  sense,  the  student 
being  one  who  is  learning,  the  scholar  one  who  has  learned. 
On  the  other  hand,  student  suggests  less  of  personal  super- 
vision than  pupil;  thus,  the  college  student  often  becomes 
the  private  pupil  of  some  instructor  in  special  studies.  For 
disciple,  etc.,  compare  synonyms  for  adherent. — Ant.: 
dunce,  fool,  idiot,  idler,  ignoramus,  illiterate  person. 

— schol'ar-ly,  a.  Like  a  scholar;  learned;  erudite. — 
schol'ar-ship,  n.  1.  Learning.  2.  Maintenance  for  a  stu- 
dent awarded  by  an  educational  Institution.  Syn.:  see 
knowledge;  learning. — scho-las'tlc.  I.  a.  1.  Pertain- 
ing to  or  characteristic  of  scholars,  education,  or  schools.  2. 
Pertaining  to  or  characteristic  of  the  medieval  schoolmen; 
hence,  precise;  pedantic.  II.  n.  A  schoolman  of  the  middle 
ages.— scho-las'tl-cal-ly,  adv.— scho-las'ti-clsin,  n. 

scho'll-ast,  1  skO'h-ast;  2  sc6'll-ast,  n.  1.  A  commentator; 
especially,  an  ancient  annotator  of  classical  texts.  2.  A 
scholastic  treatise  or  work.  [<  Gr.  scholiasts,  <  scholion, 
commentary,  <  schoW,  school.] — scho"ll-as'tlc,  a. 

scho'll-iini,  1  skO'h-um;  2  sefi'll-um,  n.  [-itmsz  or  -a,  pi.)  1. 
An  explanatory  marginal  note,  as  on  a  classical  text  by  an 
ancient  grammarian,  scho'll-ont.  2.  An  Interpolated 
note  suggested  by  a  mathematical  exposition.  [<  LL. 
scholium,  <  Or.  scholion;  see  bcholiast  | 

school1, 1  1  skill;  2  seobl.     I.  rl.    To  instruct  in  a  school; 

scool1',    f  train;  discipline.    Syn.:  see  teach, 

11.  n.  1.  An  educational  institution,  2.  The  place  in 
which  the  instruction  i.s  carried  on;  a  sohoolhouse  or 
schoolroom.  3.  A  BChool'Session.  4.  The  pupils  in  an 
educational  institution,  5.  A  body  ol  disciple  .  b  ect, 
etc.  a.  A  gen  iral  style  of  life,  manners,  etc.  7.  In 
medieval  times,  specifically,  a  seminary  of  logic,  meta- 
physics, and  theology;  in  the  plural,  the  seats  of  the 
23 


scholastic  philosophy.     8.  Any  sphere  or  means  of  in- 
struction.   [  <  AS.  scolu,  school.] 

Syn.:  academy,  college,  educational  institution  or  insti- 
tute, gymnasium,  seminary.    See  sect. 

—common  school,  one  of  the  free  public  schools  In 
the  United  States. — school 'book",  n.  A  book  for  use  In 
school:  text»book. — school'boy",  school'girl",  n.  A  boy 
or  girl  attending  school. — school 'craft",  n.  Learning. — 
school 'fel"low,  n.  A  schoolmate. — school 'house",  n.  A 
building  in  which  a  school  is  conducted. — school  'ing,  re.  1. 
Instruction  given  at  school;  also,  any  preparatory  training 
or  discipline.  2.  Price  paid  for  instructing  .pupils.  Syn.. 
see  education;  nurture.  —  school'man,  n.  One  of  the 
theologians  of  the  middle  ages;  a  scholastic.  —  school '- 
mas"ter,  n.  A  man  who  teaches  school.  Syn.:  see  mas- 
ter.—school 'mate",  re.  A  fellow  pupil.— school 'mis"- 
tress,  n.  A  woman  who  teaches  school. — school 'room", 
n.    A  room  in  which  instruction  is  given  to  pupils. 

school2,  1  skill;  2  scool.  I.  vi.  To  run  together  in  a 
school,  as  fish.  II.  n.  A  large  company,  as  of  fish; 
shoal.    [  <  AS.  scolu;  see  school'.] 

schoon'er, )  1  skQn'ar;  2  scoon'er,  n.    1.  A  fore=and=aft 

scoon'erp,  )  rigged  vessel  having  two  or  more  masts.  2. 
[U.  S.]  Same  as  prairie=schooner.  See  prairie.  3. 
[Colloq.,  U.  S.]  A  large  beer=glass,  holding  about  a  pint. 
[Orig.  scooner,  <  scoon,  skim,  <  Norw.  skunna,  hurry.] — 
schoon'er  =yacht",  n.    A  yacht  rigged  like  a  schooner. 

Scho'pen-hau"er,  1  sno'pen-hau"9r;  2  sho'pen-hou'er, 
Arthur  (17SS-1860).  A  German  pessimistic  philosopher, 
who  taught  that  the  world  and  life  are  essentially  evil. — 
Scho'pen-hau"er-i-an,  a.  —  Scho'pen-hau"er-lsm,  re. 

schorl,  1  Sherl;  2  shorl,  re.  Mineral.  Tourmalin,  especially 
black  tourmalin.    [<  G.  schorl;  cp.  Sw.  skbr,  frail.]    shorl;. 

schot-tische',  1  sne-tisn';  2  sh6-tish',  re.  A  dance  similar  to 
the  polka,  but  somewhat  slower;  also,  the  music  for  such  a 
dance.    [<  G.  schottisch,  Scottish.]    schot-tish'i. 

Schu'bert,  Shu'bart;  2  shu'bert,  Franz  Peter  (1797-1828). 
An  Austrian  composer. 

Sell ii  'ma  mi,  1  sliu'man;  2  shu'man,  re.  1.  Klara  Josephine 
(nee  Wieck)  (1819-1896).  a  German  pianist;  wife  of  Robert 
Schumann.    2.  Robert  (1810-1856),  a  German  composer. 

Schuyl'kill,  1  skul'kil;  2  scul'kil,  re.  A  river  in  S.  E.  Pennsyl- 
vania; length,  120  m.  to  the  Delaware  river. 

sci.,  abbr.    Science,  scientific. 

scl'a-graph,  etc.    Same  as  skiagraph,  etc. 

sci-at'ic,  1  sai-at'ik;  2  sl-at'ie.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  or 
affecting  the  hip  or  its  nerves.  U.  n.  A  sciatic  nerve  or 
part.  [<  F.  sciatiqtie,  ult.  <  Gr.  ischion,  hip.] — sci-at'- 
i-ca,  re.    Neuralgia  of  the  hip  and  thigh. 

sci'ence,  1  sai'ens;  2  si'Snc,  n.  1.  Knowledge  gained  and 
verified  by  exact  observation  and  correct  thinking; 
also,  the  sum  of  universal  k'nowledge.  2.  An  exact  and 
systematic  statement  of  knowledge  concerning  some 
subject  or  group  of  subjects.  3.  Expertness,  or  ability 
to  do,  resulting  from  knowledge.  4.  Either  one  of  the 
seven  liberal  arts  (grammar,  rhetoric,  logic,  arithmetic, 
music,  geometry,  astronomy):  an  ancient  use.  [F.,  < 
L.  scientia,  <  scio,  ppr.  scien(t-)s,  know.] — scl-cn'tial,  a. 

Syn.:  art,  knowledge.  Knowledge  of  a  single  fact,  not 
known  as  related  to  any  other,  or  of  many  facts  not  known 
as  having  any  mutual  relations  or  as  comprehended  under 
any  general  law,  does  not  reach  the  meaning  of  science; 
science  i.s  knowledge  reduced  to  law  and  embodied  in  system. 
The  knowledge  of  various  count  ties  gathered  by  an  observant 
traveler  may  be  a  heterogeneous  i lley  of  facts,  which  gain 

real  value  only  When  coordinated  and  arranged  by  the  man 
of  scit  nee.  Art  always  relates  to  something  to  be  done. 
science  to  something  to  be  known.  Not  only  must  art  be 
discriminated  from  science,  but  art  In  the  industrial  or  me 
chanical  sense  must  he  distinguished  from  art  In  the  esthetic 
sense;  the  former  aims  chiefly  at  utility,  the  latter  at  beauty. 
The  mechanic  arts  are  the  province  of  the  artisan,  the  es- 
thetic or  fine  arts  arc!  the  province  of  the  artist;  all  the 
Industrial  oris,  as  of  weaving  or  printing,  arithmetic  or  navi- 
gation, arc  governed  by  exact  rules.  Art  in  the  highest 
esthetic  sense,  while  If  makes  use  of  rules,  transcends  all 
rule;  no  rules  can  be  given  for  the  product  Ion  of  a  palming 
like  Raffael's  "Transfiguration,"  a  statue  like  the  Apollo 
Belvedere,  or  a  poem  like  the  Iliad.  Science  does  not,  like 
i in-  mechanic  arte,  make  production  Its  direct  aim.  yet  its 

possible    productive    application    hi    the    aTU    Is   a   constant 

stimulus  to  scientific  Investigation;  the  science,  as  in  the 
case  of  chemistry  or  electricity,  Is  urged  on  to  higher  de- 
velopment  by  the  demands  of  tin-  art,  while  the  ail  ts  per- 
fected in-  t he  advance  of   the  science.    Creative  art  seek 
Ing  beauty  tor  lis  own  sake  is  closely  akin  to  pure  scieno 

seeking  knowledge  for  Its  own  Bake.  <  'ompare.  art;  KNOWL- 
EDGE. 
sci"cii-Uf'ic,  1  s(ii"eu-tif'ik;  2  si"en-tlf'ic,  a.  I.  Of,  per- 
taining  to,  discovered  by,  or  used  in  soience;  ol  the 
nature  ol  science.  2.  Agreeing  with  the  rules,  principles, 
or  methods  of  science;  accurate;    v  itematio;  exact.    3. 


WleUtUI         |    |  art;   fat.  fa-  I  ■         bit,  i ..  .1  ■»-.- :    obex,  go;    not,  Or;   lull,  rOl.'i    bul.bOrn; 

->  r.  tin  in,  Ape.  fit,  (Are,  1A.-1.  wb|t, ,»  I  |y,  fl         tt.loe;  1-6;  I  -  6;  go,  not,  Or.  won,     <>!>N 


-.  i  .  ii-iii  i-.  .ii  -i  i  ,n-iii  1-,  ,il-i> . 

-.  I    rn-l  1-1  .  11 

»,  il  . 

Srtl  lj  l-  iui.i~.  \        up  •<<  i  in  Wanda  on 

-  w 
trim  i-i.  r.  - •  iiii  l-l«r:. 

»«  m-i ii  1 1.  \    i  it k ,  hence,  a 

- ■  t •  i  ui-iim. 
grin 'til-late,  d 

'.•nil  sparks  or  like  sparks; 
imur       Sjn.:   800   BH1N1 
-.  in   ni-i  i  i  ion. 

-  imc  .i^  i  in," 
->  i  o-IUI,  ■  ■      9       has  a  smat- 

;■•  .-tally  :i  pretender  t,,  Bcientifia 

I  .      1.  II., w    ) 

-ll-m.  ><  I  ',,-li-    III  . 

~,  i  an,  I.  \  pit  oe  cut  iri,in  n  twin  or 

'.'.   \  shoot  or  vigorous  twig.    8. 

I   i    cl'on  . 

^<i|,  i-,,.  i.s.  kfMcanus,  "The EUder" 

Publlus  Cornelius:  a  Roman  general;  con- 

il  :ii  Zatna.  203  U  I       '.'.  S.  Alrlcanus, 

a  Roman  general;  oonaul; 

sctr*rhos,  r  aklr'ua;  2  sir'us  or  setr'us,  n.   Pathol.  A 

iinn  illy,  a  hard  cancerous  tumor.    [< 

>klr  'rliii-: .      -i-lr- 

rii. ,-i-i>.        selr'rhous,        Pathol.   Morbidly  hardened 

MetaltDorttHQ    Waste  remains  ol 

so,  clippings;  scrap.    [<  F.cisaiUe, 

i  'i    eisel,  chisel  I 

scls  sion,  .  2  slsh'on  or  slah'on,  n.    The 

ng,  or  the  state  of  being  out;  division.    [< 

scls'sor,]  ro  cut  With  scissors. 

•rs,  i'ors.n.pi.    A cutting<dmplemen1 

-i-  -,,r-  .  i  with  handles  ana  a  pair  of  bladi 

pair  "I  scissors.    (  <  F.  i  . 
ull    <  L.  ol    lindo.  cut.) 

sds'anre,  1  si  h'ur  ti'ur  or  steh'ur,  n.    Alength- 

.'  'I    .   <    I,,  scindu,  CUt.] 
"»cl-u'rl-d;e.  1  sal-yu'n-dl:  3   BT-yu/ri-dS,   n.   pi,      Mam.     A 
family  ,,r  rodents,  Including  Bqulrrels,  marmots,  etc.    Sel- 

u'rus,  a.  it.  g.)     [^   L.  sciurus;  Bee sqi  irkel.j     sct-u'rld, 
ad   u-r,.|,1. 
»•  l.i» ..  Bl  In  Ii  .  Same  as  Slav,  etc. 

Sclav.,  Sclavonic 

ii'cli)-ma.  1  skh-rerj'ki-ms;  2  scle-ren'cy-ma.  n.     1. 

i  omposlng  the 
hard  parts  of  plants,     'i.  Zooph.  The  calcare 

•he  tissues  of  a  coral.    [<  Or.  skleros,  bard,    • 

a.  Infusion.] 

sde-ro'sls,  ]  -  2  scle-rfi'sis,  n.    1.  The  thicken- 

tissui      2.  Specif.,  the  hardening 

its  of  the  arteries.     ar-te"ri-o-s«ie-ro'sist. 

tritts,  <  ztiiros,  hard.] — scJe-rotle.    I.  a      1. 

the  white  of  the  eye.     2.  Pertaining  to 

II.        The  white  of  the  eye.    sele-rot'l-ca;. 

scobs,  .  1.  Sawdust;  shavings;  filings.    2. 

;.  \n  alkali.    II..,  <  tea 
M  nir.  I  •  i  treat  with  derision 

SCOf  .  ■  rn;  mock.  Syn.:  deride,  flout,  gibe,  jeer,  mock, 

Ant.;  see  synonyms 
fur  chAi.st.  — Prep.:  at. 

II.  t  an  object  nf  contempt  or  deri- 

aeoff'er,  n      M-oifing-ly,  arfe. 
scold,  I  .       .  To  reprove  or  find 

fault  with  harshly  or  noisily.     II.  7(.     One  who  scolds, 
illy  a  virago,    scold 'er?. 
-«,,l  lop,  •  :is  s<  allop,  etc. 

-.  "in  •  .  1.  To  for- 

tify .  work.    2.  To  fine;  mulct. 

sconce,  I-  ■  or  covering.    2.  A 

-i  B>nsep,  (  bulwark;  fort.    3.  A  helmet.    4.  [Colloq.]  The 
.    skull;  brains.    5.  An  ornamental  wall'braci 
holding  a  light;  a  lantern,     6.  A  fin<-  or  mulct.     I  <  <  IF. 
uconce,  hiding-place  ]  [baked  on  a  griddle. 

scone',]        .1.  2  seOn,  n.   [Scot.]  A  thin  cake,  as  of  oatmeal, 
Scoaw  .  .       In;  2  scon,  n.    A  village  in  Perthshire,  Scotland; 

scoop,  l  .  To  lade  out,  re- 

ise  a  scoop;  hollow 

out;  dig:  with  uut,  in.  or  up.      II.  n.      1.  A  shoveWike 
implement  for  handling  coal,  dredging  for  oysters,  dip- 
•  oat  flour  or  ;.  A  gpoonpshaped  instru- 

ment  for  making  or   using  in   a  cavity.      '.i.    An   ad    of 

■;ntr.    4.  The  amount  scooped  at  once.    5.  A  bowl* 

shaped  cavity;  a  hollow.     6.  .Same  as  beat,  n.,  5.     [< 


scoop    mi'.        \  iiip-mi .  a  net  for  aweeplng 
iiii-  bottom  ol  a  in  or  b)  trailing. 

m  m.t.  ;  [<  •,,ii,„|  ,i     B.]    I  o  ii  urrj  off; 

milk,-  ,,n  fa  -i .  skim,  aa  n  bird      scoot, 

scope  ip,         i.   \  range  ol  w,  »  or  aotion; 

outlook;  hence,  room  foi  the  oxerciai  ,,i  facultiea  oi 
function;  capacitj  t •  > i  achievement,  '!.  End  in  \n»; 
aim;  purpo         It.  toi  lio  nat     4  I .  Indulgence  i<> 

exi  oaa     |  ■    <  <t  :  '    "    •  ■      •  i ipi  | 

•scope,    :'!'■!     Manlf ester;  indloator;  chiefly  in  names  ol 
Instruments  "(  observation;  as,  teleteojw,  mloroaeojw,  etc, 
tope  .  »  atcber  I 

-scopjr,  suffix  Observation;  ohlefly  In  names  of  aolenoes,  etc; 
as.  mlcroMopv,    !■    Or.  skopia,  ■    tkopo  .   m   <  . 

■*>  ,,r-iiu  ii,-,  i  .;  i.in'uk.  2  scdr-bu'tle.  I.  a.  Relating  to, 
like,  or  affected  with  aourv]  scor-ba'tlHialt.  II.  n  A  per- 
son affected  wltb  scurvy.  [>  F.  seorbutiipu,  ■  LL.scor- 
butui,<  Mi),  tehorbuyek,  sourvy.]    sror-bu'il-cal-l),  ,/,/r 

BeorenS  1  skor,  h;  2  Bcdrch,  ,(.  i  n.  I.  To  burn,  or  be 
burnt,  superficially;  singe;  wither  or  shrive]  by  heal 
'i.  [Slang  |  To  go,  or  travel,  al  n  lu^li  rate  "i  speed,  as  a 
in,ii,ir-v".iiici".  [<  Norw.  tkrotkna,  shrivel]  s.vn.:  aee 
in  iin.  scorch 'cr, n.  1.  Something  that  scorches;  hence, 
something  severe  <,r  caustic  -.  One  who  or  thai  which 
moves  or  may  inovi' ai  great  Bpeed,  as  a  bicyclist,  horse,  etc. 

sciir'ill-iuii,    1    skiir'ili-iuii;    2    scor'dl-uiii.    n.      The    water" 

germander.  [<  1.  seonffon,  plant  smelling  of  garlic] 
score,  l  ikfir;2seSi  I.ri  &  n.  [scored; scor'inq.]  1. 
To  mark  with  cuts,  notches,  lines,  or  stripes;  groove,  'i. 
I  • ,  leave  marks  upon;  hence,  to  censure; 
upbraid.  S,  To  form  or  to  obliterate  by  incising,  mark- 
ing, etc.  4.  To  keep  account  of;  keep  score  or  tally.  5. 
To  will  points,  as  in  a  game.  (!.  Mut.  To  adapt  for  an 
instrument;  take  down  and  transcribe  from  the  voice  or 

from    memory.      II.    n.      1.    An    account    kept,    as    by 

notches;  record;  debt,  ''.  Something  charged  or  laid 
up  against  one;  a  grudge;  difference,  '.i.  The  number 
or  record  of  the  winning  points  in  games;  tally.    4.  The 

ii,,l,s  of  ii  musical  composition,  or  the  sheets  or  bonk 
containing  them.  5.  The  number  twenty,  originally 
indicated  by  a  special  notch.  6.  A  notch,  cut,  line,  etc.; 
a  cut  or  lash.  [  <  AS.  scot,  twenty,  <  scoren,  pp.  of 
sceran,  cut.]— scor'er,  n. 

sco'rl-a,  1  sko'n-a;  2  scO'rl-a,  n.  [-je,  1  -I;  2  -8,  pi.]  Frag- 
mentary lava;  slag.  [L.,  <  Gr.  skdria,  refuse.]— sco"rl-a'- 
ceous,  a. 

sco'rl-fy,  1  sko'n-fal;  2  sco'rl-fy,  vt.  [-fied;  -fy'ing.]  1.  To 
separate,  as  gold  or  silver,  from  an  ore  by  smelting  it  with 
lead.  'i.  To  reduce  m  scoria  or  dross.  [<  scoria  -f  -ft.] 
— sco"rl-n-ca'tlon,  n. — sco'rl-form,  a. 

scorn,  1  skorn;  2  scorn,  vt.  &  vi.  To  hold  in  or  treat  with 
contempt.     [<  OF.  rscarn,  <  OHG.  sccr/i,  mockery] 

Syn.:  abhor,  contemn,  despise,  detest,  disdain,  hold  in 
contempt,  scoff  at,  sneer  at,  spurn.  Compare  IBHOR. — 
Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  cherish.  — scorn 'er,  n. — scorn '- 
ful,  a.     Full  of,  or  expressing,  scorn,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n 

scorn,  n.  1.  A  feeling  entertained  toward  some  one  or  some- 
thing as  so  inferior  as  to  be  unworthy  of  attention;  disdain. 
3.  The  expression  of  such  a  feeling;  derision.  '.I.  An  object 
of  supreme  contempt.  Syn.:  contempt,  contumely,  derision, 
despite,  disdain,  dishonor,  mockery,  scoff,  scoffing,  sneer, 
sneering,  taunt.  Sec  neglect.— An&:  admiration,  appro- 
bation, approval,  attention,  consideration,  courtesy,  defer- 
ence, esteem,  honor,  regard,  respect,  reverence. 

SCor'pl-o,  1  skor'pi-o;  2  scor'pi-C,  n.  Astron.  1.  The  Scorpion, 
a  constellation.  See  constellation.  Z.  The  eighth  sign  of 
the  zodiac    Scor'pl-usj. 

scor'pi-on,  1  skerpi-an;  2  scor'pi-on,  n.  1.  Any  one  of 
many  tropical  lobster-like  arthropods,  from  2  to  8 
inches  long,  and  having  a 
poisonous  sting;  also,  one 
of  various  animals  more 
or  less  resembling  the 
above.  2.  [S-]  Same  as 
ScOBPIO.  :j.  An  instru- ' 
ment  of  chastisement ;  a 
whip  or  scourge.  1  Kings 
xii,  11.  4.  An  ancient  bal- 
listic  engine.  [F.,  <  Or.1- 
skorpios,  scorpion.] 

Scot1,  1  skot;  2  scot,  n.    1. 


Scorpion 


A  native  of  Scotland.  2.  One 
of  a  Gaelic  tribe  that  migrated  in  the  oth  century  to 
northwestern  Hritain  from  Ireland,  the  original  Scotia. 
Scots.  I.  a.  Scottish.  II.  n.  The  Scottish  dialec'..— 
Scots 'man,  n.  A  Scotchman. — Seot'tl-clsm,  n.  A  form 
of  expression,  or  an  idiom  peculiar  to  the  Scotch.  Scot'l- 
clsmt.  Scot'tlsh,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  characteristic  of 
Scot  land  or  its  people. 
Scot3  .  n.  An  assessment;  tax;  a  eontribu.lon,  reckoning,  or 
fine,  [<  AS.  scut,  <  scoten,  pp.  of  sceOtan,  shoot.]— scot 
and  lot,  a  customary  duty  in  Great  Britain  formerly  laid 


1:8=  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    Iu  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;     rj  =  sing;    fhin,    this.      scientist 
699      2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,  burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.         scream 


on  all  of  a  parish,  according  to  their  ability  to  pay;  also, 
figuratively,  obligations  of  every  kind. — scot'free,  a.  Free 
from  scot;  untaxed;  unharmed. 

Scot.,  abbr.    Scotch,  Scotland,  Scottish. 

scotch1',  1  skecn;  2  scoch,  vt.  1.  To  cut  with  shallow 
incisions.  2.  Hence,  to  wound  slightly.  3.  To  dress,  as 
stone,  with  a  pick. 

scotch2.  I',  vt.  To  block  or  prop  up,  as  a  wheel  or  log,  to 
prevent  moving  or  slipping;  chock. 

scotch1,/!.  A  superficial  cut;  scratch.  [Form  of  scratch, 
v.;  confused  with  scutch.] 

scotch2,  re.  A  block  put  behind  or  under  something,  as  a 
wheel,  to  prevent  rolling  or  sliding.     [OHG.OF  scuz,  shoot.] 

Scotch3,  n.  1.  The  people  of  Scotland:  used  as  a  plural. 
2.  One  of  the  languages  spoken  by  Scots.  [For  Scot- 
tish.]— Scotcn,  a.    Scottish. — Scot  en 'man,  re.    A  Scot. 

sco'ter,  1  sko'tar;  2  sco'ter,  re.  A  sea=duck  of  northern  re- 
gions, having  the  bill  gibbous  or  swollen  at  the  base.  [Per- 
haps<Ice.  skoti,  shooter,  <skjota,  shoot.]   sco'tersduck"i. 

Seo'ti-a,  1  sko'sni-a;  2  seo'shi-a,  re.    [Poet.]  Scotland. 

Sco'tism,  1  sko'tizm;  2  seo'tism.  re.  The  scholastic  system 
of  the  Scottish  philosopher  John  Duns  Scotus  (13th  cen- 
tury) :  a  kind  of  formalism.  —  Sco'tist,  re. — Sco-tls'tlc,  a. 

Scot 'land,  1  sket'land;  2  scot'land,  re.  A  country,  theN.  part 
of  Great  Britain;  30,405  sq.  in.;  pop.  4,785,600;  capital, 
Edinburgh. 

scot'o-graph,  1  sket'o-graf;  2  scot'o-graf,  n.  1.  An  instru- 
ment designed  to  assist  the  blind  in  writing,  or  to  facilitate 
writing  in  the  dark.  2.  Same  as  skiagraph.  [<  Gr.  skolns, 
darkness,  +  -graph,  suffix.] 

Scott,  1  sket;  2  scot,  re.  1.  Robert  Falcon  (1868-1912),  an 
English  Antarctic  explorer;  reached  S.  Pole,  Jan.  17,  1912; 
perished  on  return  journey.  2.  Sir  Walter  (1771-1832),  a 
Scottish  novelist  and  poet:  Waverley  Novels;  Lady  of  the  Lake. 
3.  Wlnfield  (1786-1866),  an  American  general;  In  war  of 
1812  and  Mexican  and  Civil  wars. 

scoun'drel,  1  skaun'drel;  2  scoun'drel.  I.  a.  Pertaining 
to  or  characteristic  of  a  scoundrel.  scoun'drel-Iyt. 
II.  n.  A  thoroughgoing  rascal.  [Ult.  <  AS.  scunian, 
shun.] — scoun'drel-dom,  re.  Scoundrels  collectively; 
scoundrelism. — scoun'drel-lsm,  n. 

scour1,  1  skaur;  2  scour,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  clean  the  surface 
of,  by  thorough  washing  and  rubbing,  especially  with 
an  abrasive  substance,  as  sand  or  brick.  2.  To  wash  by 
flushing,  as  a  drain.  3.  To  purge,  especially  freely  or 
strongly.  4.  To  remove  by  or  as  if  by  washing  and  rub- 
bing. 5.  To  form  by  wearing  away,  as  a  channel  for  a 
stream.  II.  i.  1.  To  rub  or  scrub  anything  thoroughly. 
2.  To  become  bright  or  clean  by  rubbing.  3.  To  be  of 
service  in  cleansing,  etc.  4.  To  be  purged.  [  <  L.OF 
excuralus,  carefully  attended  to.]  Syn.:  see  cleanse. — 
scour'er1,  re. — scour'lngsrush",  re.  Any  species  of  horse- 
tail, formerly  much  used  for  polishing  wood  and  metal. 
scour2.  I.  t.  1.  To  traverse  thoroughly,  as  in  careful 
search.  2.  To  skim  or  scurry  over  or  along.  3.  To 
cause  to  scurry  away;  drive  out.  II.  i.  1.  To  move, 
pass,  or  run  swiftly;  scurry;  skim.  2.  To  move  in  care- 
ful search  or  examination.  [  <  L.OF  excurro,  <  ex,  out, 
4-  cutto,  run.] — scour'er2,  n. 
scour,  re.    A  clearing  out  of  silt  in  a  water=channcl  by  a  strong 

current;  the  action  of  such  a  current. 
scourge, )  1  skurj;  2  scurg.  I.  vt.  [scourged;  scourg'- 
scurgep,  J  ing.]  I.  To  punish  or  maltreat  with  or  as 
wit  h  a  scourge;  lash.  2.  To  punish  severely  in  any  way; 
harass.  II.  re.  1.  A  whip  for  inflicting  suffering  or  pun- 
ishment. 2.  Any  instrumentality  or  means  tor  causing 
suffering  or  deal  li ;  hence,  seven-  punishment .     |  <  L. 

ex-,  Intensive,  +  corHgta,  thong.]  Syn.:  see  beat.— scourge 
of  God,  Attila,  king  of  the  Buns. — scourg'er,  re 

scouse,  1  skaus;  2  seous,  re.  A  stew  of  meal  and  potatoes,  or 
a  sailors'  dish  of  sea-biscuit  and  vegetables  or  meat. 

scout1,  1  skaut;  2  scout.  Id.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  follow  and 
spy  upon;  go  or  act  as  a  scout.  2.  To  traverse  for  inn- 
poses  of  observation  or  discovery;  reconnoiler.  II.  re. 
1.  A  person  sent  out  to  observe  and  get.  information,  as 

of  the  position  or  strength  of  an  enemy.  2.  The  ad  of 
scouting.  3.  [College  Slang.]  At.  Oxford,  Harvard,  and 
S  ale  universities,  an  undergraduate's  man  servant: 
corresponding  to  Kyp  at  Cambridge,  and  skip  at  Dub- 
lin. 4.  Cricket.  A  fielder:  applied  chiefly  to  one  who 
fields  at  a  distance  in  practise,  [<  OF.  escoute,  < 
escoulcr  (<  L.  aitscvlto) ,  listen.]  Syn.:  see  SPY.  hoy  scout, 
a  member  of  a  world-wide  organization  for  training  hoys  by 
recreational  )>u t  aon«mlUtary  methods,  initiated  in  England 
in  1908  by  Lleut.«Gen.  sir  Robert  Baden-Powell. 

scout21,  v.  l.t.  To  reject  with  disdain.  II.  i.  To  mock  ; 
Jeer:  with  at.    [<  Ice.  skua,  a  taunt.]    Syn.:  see ridicule, 

scow,  1  sknu;  2  scow,  re.  |U.  S]  A  boat  with  a  flat  bottom  and 
square  ends.    [  <  D.  SChOUW,  SCOW.] 

scowl,  l  skoul;  2  scowl.  I.t.  1.  To  repel  or  affect  with  a 
scowl.     2§.  To  express  by  a  scowl.     II.  i.     To  frown 


deeply  or  forbiddingly;  hence,  to  look  threatening; 
lower;  as,  a  scowling  sky.  [Dan.  skule,  scowl  ]' 

scowl,  re.     A  lowering  of  the  brows;  gloomy  aspect     I  < 

scr.,  abbr.    Scruple.  ' 

scrab'bl(e,  1  skrab'l;  2  serab'l,  v.  I.t.  [scrab'bl(e)d 
scrab'bling.]  1.  To  scribble  on.  2.  To  gather  hur- 
riedly; scrape  together.  II.  i.  1.  To  make  irregular  or 
scrawling  marks;  scribble;  scrawl.  2.  [Colloq  1  To 
scramble.  3.  [Prov.  or  Obs.J  To  scratch,  scrape,  or  paw 
with  the  hands;  scramble;  crawl.  [Var  of  scr\pplf  d 
freq.  of  scrape,  v.]    scrab'let.  [feet  or  knees' 

scrab'bl(e,  re.    The  act  of  scrabbling;  a  moving  on  hands  and 

scrag,  1  skrag;  2  scrag,  n.  1.  Something  thin  or  lean  and 
rough  or  coarse;  a  neck=piece.  2.  A  remnant.  3.  Some- 
thing rough,  broken,  or  ragged,  as  a  surface.  [  <  Sw 
dial,  skraka,  great  dry  tree.]— scrag'jred,  a.  Rough-  shag- 
gy; scrawny.— scrag'glyj;  scrag'gj J.-scrag'Ked-ness, 
re.—  scrag  'gi-ly,  adv.— scrag  'gi-ness,  re. 

scram'bl(e,p  1  skram'bl;  2  seram'bl,  v.  [scram'bi.(e)dp- 
scrambling.]  I.  t.  1.  To  prepare  hurriedly  or  con- 
fusedly. 2.  To  prepare  (eggs)  by  stirring  together  while 
cooking.  II.  i.  1.  To  move  along  by  clambering  or 
crawling  efforts  of  the  hands  and  feet.  2.  To  struggle 
in  a  disorderly  manner;  also,  to  seek  something  hur- 
riedly and  eagerly.  3.  To  run  or  climb  irregularly  or 
in  all  directions,  as  plants.  [Freq.  of  scramb,  var.  of 
scramp,  a  form  of  scrape,  v.] — scram 'bier,  re. 

scram'bKe1",  n.  1.  The  act  of  scrambling;  any  disorderly 
performance.    2.  A  disorderly  struggle.  [snatch. 

scramp,  1  skramp;  2  scramp,  vt.    [Prov.  Eng.]    To  catch  at; 

scran'nel,  1  skran'al;  2  scran'el.  [Archaic  or  Prov.]  I.  a. 
Thin;  lean;  slight.    II.  n.    A  lean  person.    [Cp.  scrawny.] 

Scran'ton,  1  skran'tan;  2  scran'ton,  n.  A  city  in  N.  E. 
Pennsylvania;  a  railroad  and  mining  center;  pop.  145,000. 

scrap,  1  skrap;  2  scrap,  n.  1.  A  small  piece  cut  or  broken 
from  something;  fragment.  2.  A  brief  extract.  3.  pi. 
Pieces  of  fat  tissue  after  the  oil  has  been  expressed.  4. 
Old  or  refuse  metal.  [<  Ice.  skrap,  trifles.]  Syn.:  see  par- 
ticle.— scrap'=book",  re.  A  book  in  which  printed  scraps 
are  pasted. — s.dron,  re.  Old  pieces  of  iron.— scrap 'py,  a. 
Composed  of  odds  and  ends;  fragmentary. 

scrape,  1  skrep;  2  scrap,  v.    [scraped';  scrap'ing.]    I.  t. 

1.  To  scratch  with  a  hard  surface  or  edge.  2.  To  draw 
over  a  surface  roughly.  3.  To  remove  by  or  as  by  scrap- 
ing: followed  by  off,  out,  from,  etc.  4.  To  accumulate 
little  by  little:  usually  with  up  or  together.  5.  To  make 
or  fashion  by  scraping.  II.  i.  1.  To  rub  anything  with 
a  hard  instrument;  rub  roughly  or  carelessly;  scratch 

2.  To  practise  close  economy.  3.  To  bow  awkwardly 
with  a  backward  motion  of  the  foot.  4.  To  play  un- 
skilfully with  a  bow  on  a  stringed  instrument,  as  on  a 
violin.  [<  Ice.  skrapa,  scrape;  akin  to  sharp,  a.] — 
scrap'cr,  re.    Any  instrument  used  for  scraping. 

scrape,  n.  1.  The  act  or  effect  of  scraping;  also,  the  noise 
made  by  scraping.    2.  A  difficult  situation;  predicament. 

3.  A  scraping  or  drawing  back  of  the  foot  in  bowing. 

scrap'plc,  1  skrap'I;2  scrap'l,  vi.  [Prov.  Eng.]  To  grub  about. 

scrap'ple,  re.  Meal  or  flour  boiled  with  scraps  of  pork,  sea- 
soned, and  fried  in  slices.     [Dim.  of  SCRAP,  re  I 

scratch, )  1  skraclt;  2  serach.  I1.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  tear  or 
scrach1', J  make  scratches  or  incisions  on;  scrape  or  dig 
with  something  sharp  or  rough,  as  (he  claws  or  nails.  2. 
To  scrape  lightly,  as  with  the  nails,  to  relieve  itching. 
3.  To  move  or  displace  by  or  .-is  by  scraping  or  scratch- 
ing. 4.  To  write  or  draw  awkwardly.  5.  To  dig  or  I  \ 
cavate  by  scraping.  0.  To  erase,  obliterate,  or  cancel  by 
or  as  by  scratches.  II.  re.  1.  A  mark  or  incision  made  on 
a  surface  by  scratching;  a  shallow  mark,  groove,  furrow, 

or  channel  2.  Hence,  a  slight  flesh  wound  o>  cut.  :t- 
Athletics.  (1)  The  line  from  which  contestants  start,  ai 
in  racing;  also,  the  contestant  who  competi 
allowance,  scratch  'small"}.  (2)  In  pugilism,  a  line 
across  a  prize-ring  at  which  a.  round  begins.  1.  pi  A 
disease  of  horses,  consisting  of  dry  scabs  or  ohaps  on 
the  heel.  H.  A  wig  covering  only  :i  pari  "i  the  head, 
scra(<i>'=wig"t.  [Ult,  <  Gr.  charassB,  Bcratch.] 
Syn.:  Bee  cancel.-  scratch 'er,  re  Bcratch'y,  <i  Char- 
acterized by  scratches  or  making  a  scratching  noise 
scrawl,  1  skrol;  2  serai.    I.  vt.  &  vi.    To  write  hastily  or 

illegibly.     II.  re.     Irregular  or  unskilful  writ  ing      [ContT, 

of  scrabble.]    scrawl  Vr, ». 
scraw'uy,  1  skre'ni;2  sera'nj ,  "     Lean  and  bony;  skinny; 

thin.    [Cp.  scrag,  re  ]     scraw'ni-iicss,  re. 
screak,  1  skrlk;  2  SCPBk.     I*.  vt.    To  creak;  screech.     II.  re.     A 

screech;  also,  a  ereak. 

scream.  1  skrlm;  2  serfim.  I.  vt  &vi.  To  utter  in  a  loud 
anil  shrill  voice;  emit  a  piercing  oi  prolonged  ad, 

II.  re.      A  loud,  shrill,  prolonged  Cry  or  sound,  generally 

denoting  fear  or  pain.    ['     Ice.    struma,  scare.]    Syn.:  seo 


I  I  i  ..  gfl;    nsl,  Ar;   full,  rOle.    I>ll(,  liOrn; 

e.  i At.  iar<\  fiat,  whet,  nil.  mi,  get,  prey,  (Bra;  bit.  Ha;  i     I;  1  -  •;  «*.  1161,  Or,  wdn,  <00 

kin    ,-r  .i'.i     nr     lint      wM.li        -.i-rliil  '-        S,-r  Itil  ur-il     mitIiiI  nri> 


T 


-  crew  2. 
\s l«acrew. 

.'■>.  Saw 
4.  (  'a|: 

■V    skein- 
screw. 


-,  r.  am    •  r.  Ill.lt     which 

■  \ 

1 
h.  I  II 

■  iek  ) 

-,  r.  .  i  h   •  r.  -.  r.  •  i  h      ■  •»  I    .  \  u\  ow  I  that     - 

».  r.  i  .  h    >  . 

-.  n .  (| .  I.  ilonged  tirade;  ba- 

:.  i  itrip  ol  moi  - 

>ge  tin-  tlu>  I 
Boating  screed  ■    3.  \ 

-i  r.  i  n.  I .  I  . 

-'• 

II.        I.  An}  thins  thai 

■  thai  which  sin-It.  i 

'.'.  •    rnl.il.-.   tor  mIIiiii; 

■  .     llll'K.     M  \>k  . 

-.  r.  .- 1 1   i  r.  -mill  'lug*,    ft.    pi 

■  Ml. 

-ihn,  I.  1  .  ighten  .'I   t :  i  —  t .  - 1 1  bj 

■  nr  turn,  aa  >T  Uki  a  .,■!.«     2. 
by  tin-  action  of  a  Bcrew;   urgji       't. 

I.    1  0  i  WlSl   "'it 

-icirt.  as  the  mouth     II-       I.  To 

'  urned  in  the  manner  of  n  screw 

3.  lo practise  oppression  or  extortion. 

BCfew1,  n.    1  •  metal,  grooved  in  an  ad- 

1 

ac- 
-  mbling    a 

scr  Her. 

:!.  1.  A 

by  a 
scr-  •">.    Shine.] 

An  extortioner;  miser.    6. 

•one,  <  I.,  aorobia,  trench 

—screw  ':i|rh'Vr,  n.    A  tool  for  driving  screws      S.'JaCrf 

-.1.  f  or  lifting-jack  operated  by  a  screw,    2. 

•al  Implement  for  changing  the  position  of  misplaced 

-•we. 

NKW*)        ;  Ins  ]  A 'worthless  horse.    [Var.  of  bhbbw1,  n.] 

Mrlb'blc.  i  1       -      I;  2  -erlb'l.     I.  vt  s'BLED, 

■ctffel  .       -  btb'ld';  m  kib'bi.im,.!     To  writ'-  hastily 

and  ■  raw!  with  unmeaning  lines.     II-  i  - 

Has'  .•::.!_'      2.  Unmeaning  lines  and  mark.-; 

rawl.    [Freq.  of  scribe,  r.] — scrib'bler,  n. 
scribe,  1  akroib;  2  serlb.    I.  vt.    [scbtbed;  scars'iNO.]    I. 

To  mark   or  scratch  with   a   pointed  instrument,      2. 

•  ry.  To  mark  and  fit  closely,  as  the  edge  of  one 

of  irregular  outline.    II.  n.     I. 

An  ancient  Jewish  instructor  in  the  Mosaic  law,  acting 

also  as  a  writer  and  interpreter,     2.  A  penman.    3.  A 

:    clerk.      [F.,    <    L.   acriba,    < 

••o.  write.)— scrlb'er,  n. 

-rrlm.  -  rn:  2  scrim,  n.     Strong  cotton  or  linen  cloth  for 

upholstery-linings,  curtains,  etc.     India  scrlmj. 
-crime  ,   I    skralm;  3  serttn,  rf.     To  engage  In  fencing.  - 

scrim 'er+,  n. 
Krlm'mace,   :  J  set  •       A  rough»and« 

tomb  in  football,  a  play  dep 

movement  of  a  number  of  play- 
-<  rum 'magef. 
- <  r 1 1 1 1 1 •  -  .  rimp.     IKvt.Scvi.    To  be  sparing 

ggardly  toward  or  of;  skimp;  stint. 
Sj7.  ui  down,  economise,  limit,  pinch, 

r»-<i',-  •  .   •      :      pate,  lav- 

row  away,  w 

II.  scrimp 'j  :.  8j :.  III.  n. 

A  mL-*r:  niggard  an       -crlnip'l-ne--, 

-i  ri|i  .  -'-rip,  n.     1.  a  provisional  document 

:-.ing  that  the  holder  is  entitled  to  receivi 

thing  else,  as  shares  of  stock,  bonds,  etc.    2.  A  scrap  of 

ining  writ;:  jit.] 

M  rip  .  nel.   f<  Ice.  akreppa, 

bag  1— scrlp'page+,  n.    The  contents  of  a  scrip. 
script,  •    n.    I.  ^Writing  of  the  ordinary 

:.   .      ■  .  or  printed  or  engraved  matter, 


Jdn  /ii 


crt/U. 


ne    ti    rn    > 

in  imitation  of  handwriting.  3.  Law.  A  writing,  aa  a 
will  or  codicil,  f  <  OF.  escript,  <  L.  scriplum,  <  scribo 
(pp.  scrtptus).  wrlte.l 


Script., .  •  •  -     Bo  Iptural    wi  Ipture 

scrip 'lure,  l  skrip'dhui  erfp'ohui  m  -tur,  n 

I.  1  .1  writings  of  nnv  people;  specincnll)  [S  |, 
the  Bible:  i n  plural     2.  A  texl  from  the  Bibli      I  - 

Dally,  anything  written,  aa  a  document,  book,  "i 
Inscription,  or  its  oontonts;  a  writing     I  •     I   '" 

9  Scrip   liir-.il.         -I>  .  -in---. 

serlre,  l  akralv;  8  riybd;  bciuVino.]    1.    i" 

sorlbe    tf.  To  write,    [ForacaiBi  I 
mtI\  'rii-er,    1  i     /        I.   I  'in-  « bo 

draws  deeds,  oontraota,  and  other  writings;  a  clerk     •». 
erly,  a  money*lender     I-    01    eacrivain,  <  I.I,. 

I  loo,  w  rite  | 

sirof 'u-la,  1  akref'yu-la;  ^morbid  con- 

stitutional com  lit  ion  tli.it  pn  di  po  •  'I  •  j  -leu  i  t"  the 
il.\ .  i  landular  tumoi  -  and  ol  consumption, 

I  serof  'ii-Iiiiis,  </ 

scroll,  ]  1.  A  roll  ol  parchment .  papei , 

etc  ,  containing  or  intended  to  con- 
n ntui).';  also,  the  w ritiug  it  con- 
tainfl       "i.   Anything    resembling   a 
parchment  roll.    3.  A  flourish,  trac- 
er design  in  place  of  a  seal.    4. 

Any  spiral  line  used  as  an  ornament.    ..      ...   .., . 

Strip.]      Syn,      see     ^;.»a|™° 

Bcro'tum,  l  SkrO'tum;  2  serO'tum,  «.    [bcbo'ta.  pi.]  Amu. 

I  tie  pOUCh  that  contains  the  testes.     [L.]      scro'tal,  n. 

scroyleti  n.    A  wretch;  Infamous  tellow. 

scrub,  1  skrnli;  ^  scrub.  I.  rl.  &  i ,.  \s<  BUBBBD;  BCB1  n'- 
BING.]      To   rub    vigorously;   cleanse   by   hard   rubbing. 

II.  a.     1.  Stunted  or  stunted. looking;  inferior;  mean.     2. 

Consisting  of  or  participated  in  by  untrained  - 

taut-,  as  a  race.  III.  n.  1.  A  stunted  tree  or  shrub; 
brush;  jungle.     •>.  A  small,  mean,  or  worthless  thing  or 

being.  3.  [U.S.]  (1)  A  second  or  inferior  team  in  foot- 
ball or  baseball,  scrub  te:ini+.  (2)  A  form  of  baseball 
played  by  boys  where  there  are  not  enough  players  to 
form  sides,  the  players  baiting,  etc.,  in  rotation.  [< 
\-  -'irub.1     Syn.:  (verb)  see  CLEAMBB,     scrub'ber, 

n. — scrub'by,  a.    Stunted:  worthless,    scrubbed;, 
scruff,  1  skruf ;  2  scrtif,  n.     The  nape  or  outer  back  part  of 

the  neck.    [<  Ice.  skopt,  hair  of  the  head.]    skrufft. 

scrum '=pox",  1  skrum'.poks";  2  scrum'.pOk.s".  rt.  A  skiti'dis- 
ease,  the  infection  of  which  may  be  transmitted  through 
abrasions  caused  by  the  contact  of  rough  jerseys  with  the 
fares  of  players,  as  In  scrimmages. 

scrunch.  • .  .t  n.  [CollOQ-]   Same  as  CRUNCH. 

scru'ple'',  1  skru'pl;  2  scru'pl,  rf.  &  vi.    [scbu'pi<(b)dp; 

si  hi  'fi.iNf-,.]     To  entertain  BCTUpIeS  coneerning;  doubt; 
hesitate  from  considerations  of  right   or  expedii 
scru"pu-los'l-ly,  n.     Scrupulousness. — scru'pu-lous,  a. 

1.  Cautious  In  action  for  fear  of  doing  wrong;  nicely  con- 
scientious. 2.  Resulting  from  the  exercise  of  scruples;  exact; 
precise.  Syn.:  see  pbbcibe;  syiKAMi.su.— scru'pu-lous-ly, 
iidi       scru'pu-lous-ncss,  p». 

scru'ple,  n.  1.  Doubt  or  uncertainty  regarding  a  ques- 
tion of  rightorduty.  2.  An  apothecaries'  weight  of  twen- 
ty grains.  See  weight.  3.  \  minute  quantity.  [<  L.OF 
ilu.s,  dim.  of  scrvpus,  sharp  stone.]    Syn.:  see  doudt. 

scru'tl-ny,  1  skru'ti-ni;  2  scru'ti-ny,  n.  [-niksz,  pi]  The 
act  of  scrutinizing;  close  investigation,  [<  LL.  scru- 
linium.  <  L.  scrutor,  examine.]  Syn.:  sec  inquiry.  — scru'- 
tl-ni/.e,  rt.  &  rt.  [-nized;  -M/.'iNc]  To  observe  carefully 
in  detail.    -nlset.    Syn.:  see  EXAMINE. 

scru"tolr',  1  skrii'twur';  2  s< -rii'twiir',  n.  A  cabinet-like 
WTltlng.desk  with  a  folding  door  used  us  a  table;  an  escri- 
toire. [<  V.  escritoire,  <  LL,  tcHptortum.K  L.  scribo, write.] 

scud,  1  skud;  2  Betid.  I.  M.  [8CUD'DEDd;  bcud'uini;.]  To 
move,  run,  or  fly  swiftly;  run  rapidly  before  the  wind,  as 
a  -hip.    11./'.    1.  The  act  of  scudding  or  moving  swiftly. 

2.  Light  clouds  driv.-ii   rapidly  before   the   wind.     3. 

1  Slang  ]   A  -wilt  runner.     [<  Dan.  skyde,  scud.] 

scuff,  1  skuf;  2  scuf,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  wear  rougli  on  the 
surface.  2.  To  walk  with  a  dragging  movement  of  the 
feet  ;  shuffle.     [  <  Sw.  xkuffa,  shove] 

scuffle,)  1  skutl;  2  scuf  1.    I.  n'.    [scuf'fl,ed,  scttf'i,dp; 

scuf'l',  |  SCUF']  mm;.]  1.  To  struggle  roughly  or  con- 
fusedly. IS,  To  make  one's  way  by  struggling.  II.  n.  A 
disorderly  struggle  carried  on  by  grappling,  pulling, 
pushing,  or  the  like;  confused  fracas,  [Freq.  of  bcufi  , 
nffa,  shove.)— scuf'fler,  n. 

sculk,  sculk'cr.    Same  as  ski  LK,  etc. 

SCllll',  \  1  skul;  2  scul.    I.  vt.  &  vi.   Boalinij.  To  propel,  as 

scul1',  i  a  boat;  use  a  scull  or  a  pair  of  sculls.  [<  scull, 
howl]  -scull'er,  n. 

scull1,  n.  1.  A  long  oar  worked  over  the  stern.  2.  A  light, 
>  ^handled  spoon»oar,  used  in  pairs  by  one  person. 

3.  A  small  boat  for  sculling. 
sculPt,  n.    A  school  or  shoal,  as  ol  nsh. 


1:9=^  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    UU-out;    ell;     lu  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    0  =  amg;    thin,    this.  SCl*ee 

701  2;  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  sea 


scul'Ier-y,  1  skul'ar-i;2  scfjl'er-y,  n.  [-iesz,  pi.]  A  room 
where  kitchen  utensils  are  kept  and  cleaned;  a  back" 
kitchen.  [<  L.LL+OF  scutella,  tray.]— SCUl'lion,  n.  1. 
A  servant  who  cleans  pots  and  kettles.    2.  A  low  wretch. 

sculp.,  sculpt.,  abbr.  Sculpsit  (L.,  engraved  [it]),  sculptor, 
sculptural,  sculpture. 

M'lil'piii,  1  skul  pin;  2  sciil'pin,  n.  1.  A  fish  of  inferior 
food  value  with  large,  spiny  head.  2.  [Slang,  New  Eng.] 
A  contemptible  fellow;  mischief  »maker. 

sculp'ture,  1  skulp'chur  or  -tiur;  2  seulp'chur  or  -tiir. 
I.  vt.  [sculp'ttjred;  sculp'tur-ing.]  1.  To  fashion,  as 
statuary,  by  modeling,  carving,  or  casting.  2.  To  repre- 
sent or  portray  in  sculpture.  3.  To  embellish  with  sculp- 
ture. 4.  Phys.  Geog.  To  change,  as  the  face  of  a  valley 
or  canon,  by  the  physical  forces  of  erosion  and  deposi- 
tion. II.  n.  1.  The  art  of  fashioning  figures  of  stone  or 
bronze  by  modeling,  carving,  or  casting.  2.  Any  sculp- 
tured work.  3.  Zool.  Raised  or  incised  lines,  or  mark- 
ings, as  upon  a  shell.  [F.,  <  L.  sculptura,  <  sculpo, 
carve.] — sculp  'tor,  n.  One  who  designs  or  executes  statues 
by  carving,  modeling,  or  graving. — sculp'tress,  n.  fern. — 
sculp'tur-al,  a. — sculp"tur-esque',  a.  Resembling 
sculpture;  coldly,  calmly,  or  grandly  beautiful;  statuesque. 

scum,  1  skum;  2  scum,  v.  [scummed;  scum'ming.]  I.  t. 
To  take  scum  from;  skim.  II.  i.  To  become  covered 
with  scum. 

scum,  n.  1.  Impure  or  extraneous  matter  that  rises  to  the 
surface  of  boiling  or  fermenting  liquids;  minute  vegeta- 
tion on  stagnant  water;  scoria  or  dross  of  molten  metals; 
foam;  froth.  2.  Figuratively,  vile  elements;  refuse.  [< 
Dan.  skum.]     Syn.:  see  waste. 

scurn'MCeP,  1  skum'bl;  2  scum'bl.  I.  vt.  [scum'bl(e)dp; 
scum'bling.]  In  drawing  and  painting,  to  soften  the  out- 
lines or  blend  the  colors  of  by  rubbing  them,  as  with  a  brush 
charged  with  comparatively  dry  color.  II.  n.  The  soften- 
ing or  blending  of  colors  so  produced.     [Freq.  of  scum.] 

scup,  1  skup;  2  sciip,  n.  A  food=fish  of  the  eastern  coast  of 
the  United  States.   [  <  Am.  Ind. 
mishcup,  thick-scaled.] 

scup 'per,  1  skup'ar;  2  seiip'er,  n. 
Naut.  A  hole  or  gutter  border- 
ing a  deck,  to  let  water  run  off. 
[  <  OF.  escupir,  <  L.  exspuo, 
spit  out.] 

scup'per-nong,  1  skup'ar-nen;  2 
scup'er-nSng,  n.  A  variety  of 
grape  cultivated  in  the  southern  1.  common  ScuporScup- 
United  States,  or  a  white  wine  paug  2.  Goafs-head 
made  therefrom     [Am  Ind.]  Porgy  or  Gulf=scup. 

scurf,  1  skurf ;  2  scurf,  n.    Loose 

scarf=skin  thrown  off  in  minute  scales,  as  in  dandruff. 
[  <  AS.  scurf,  <  sceorfan,  scrape.] — scurf 'y,  a, — 
scurf'1-ness,  n. 

scur'ri-lous,  1  skur'i-lus;  2  seur'i-lus,  a.  Grossly  offen- 
sive or  vulgar;  opprobrious.  [<  L.  scurrilis,  <  scurra, 
jester.]  scur'rllt;  scur'rllei;.— scur-rll'i-ty,  n.  Coarse, 
vulgar  abuse. — scur  'rl-lous-ly ,  adv. — scur  'ri-lous-ness,  n . 

scur'ry,  1  skur'i;2  scur'y.  I.vt.&vi.  [scur'ried;  scur'- 
ry-ing.]  To  move,  or  cause  to  move,  precipitately; 
scamper.  II.  n.  [scur'riesz,  pi.]  1.  The  act  of  scurry- 
ing; a  precipitate  movement.  2.  A  flurry;  whirl.  [< 
scour?,  v.]    skur'ryt. 

scur'vy,  1  skuVvi;  2  scur'vy,  a.  [scur'vi-er ;  scur'vi- 
est.]  1.  Meanly  low  or  contemptible;  base.  2f.  Afflict- 
ed with  scurvy.  [For  scurfy.]  Syn.:  see  bad;  base. — 
scur'vl-ly,  adv.— seur'vl-ness,  n. 

scur'vy,  n.  A  disease  characterized  by  livid  spots  under 
the  skin,  by  .swollen  and  bleeding  gums,  and  by  great 
prostration:  caused  by  continued  use  of  salt  meats,  as 
on  shipboard,  without  fresh  vegetables.  [  <  LL.  scor- 
butus (see  scorbutic)  ;  confused  with  scurvy,  a.] 

;eut,  1  skut;  2  scut.  [Prov.  Eng]  !<••  vt.  To  dock  (an  animal's 
tall).    II.  a.    Short.— scut,  n.    A  short  tail.    [=  short.] 

sru'tate,  1  sklO'lct;  2  seO'tilt,  a.  I.  Zool.  (1)  Covered 
with  shield-like  plates.  (2)  Resembling  a  large  scale.  2. 
Hot.  Buckler-shaped.  [<  L.  scutum,  shield.]  scu'tcl-latel. 

Scu'ta-rl,  »,    Same  as  Skutari. 

scutch',  1  skuch;  2  scueh,  vt.  To  dress,  as  textile  fiber,  by 
beating.     [<  t,.os  excutio,  shake  out.] — scutch'er,  n. 

scutch'eon,  1  skucTi'an;  2  sciich'on,  n.  1.  An  escutch- 
eon. 2.  A  metal  plate  or  shield;  a  namcplate  or  the 
like.    [Contr.  of  escutcheon.] 

scu-tel'lum,  1  skiu-tel'um;  2  seu-tfcTum,  n.  [-la,  pl.\ 
A  small  shield  or  pjate;  scale.  [<  L,  scutum,  shield.] 
scu-tel'laf.— seu'tel-lar,  «.— scu'tel-late,  o.  1.  Platter- 
like; shield-shaped.  2.  Covered  with  transverse  scales. 
scu'tel-Iaf'edt. — scii'tl-form,  a.    Bhleld'Shaped. 

scut'tle1, )  1   skut.'l;  2  scut'l,  vt.      [sCDT'tLBD,  mcut'i.h''; 

scut'l1',  |  bctjt'tlinq.]  To  sink  (a  ship)  by  making  holes 
in  the  botton.     skill  'tie  , . 


scut 'tie2,  vi.    To  run  in,  or  as  in,  great  haste;  scurry. 
scut'tle1, )  n.    1.  A  small  opening  or  hatchway,  as  in  the 
scut'F,     J  roof  of  a  house.  2.  Any  hole.    [  <  D.OF  schoot, 

lap,  bosom.]     skill  'lie! .  [quickening  the  pace. 

scut'tle2,  n.    A  hurried  run;  hence,  something  that  aids  in 
scut'tle3,  re.    1.  A  metal  vessel  or  hod  for  holding  or  carrying 

coal.    Coal'»SCUt"tlei;  coal''hod"i.     2.  Rarely,  a  vessel 

or  pail  for  other  purposes.    2t.  A  broad  shallow  basket  or 

dish;  a  platter.    [<  L.AS  scutella,  tray.] 
scu'tum,  1  skiu'tum;2  scu'tum,  n.  [scu'ta,  pi.]    l.Thelarge 

oval  or  rectangular  shield  of  the  Roman  legionaries.     2. 

Zool.  Some  plate-like  piece  or  part:  a  large  scale. 
Scyl'la,  1  sil'a;  2  syl'a,  n.  Class.  Myth.  A  six»headed  sea= 

monster  that  dwelt  In  a  cave  on  the  Italian  coast  opposite 

Charybdis.    See  Charybdis. 
scythe, )  1  saith ;  2  syth,  n.    A  long  curved  blade  for  mow- 
sithes,  )  ing,  reaping,  etc.,  fastened  at  an  angle  to  a  long 

bent  handle  or  snath;  also,  the  whole  implement  thus 

formed.    [  <  AS.  sithe.] 
Scyth'1-a,  1  sitli'i-a;  2  syth'i-a,  n.    An  ancient  country  along 

the  N.  shore  of  the  Black  Sea. — Scyth'1-an,  a.  &  n. 
s.  d.,  abbr.    [L.]    Sine  die  (without  day). 
S.  D.,  S.  Dak.  (official),  abbr.    South  Dakota. 
'sdeath,  1  sdeth;  2  sdeth,  inter j.    An  exclamation  of  anger, 

impatience,  surprize,  or  emphasis.    [Cor.  of  God's  death.) 
se-,  prefix.    Apart.    [  <  L.  se-,  by  oneself,  <  se,  oneself.] 
S.  E.,  abbr.    Southeast,  southeastern. 
sea,  1  si;  2  se,  n.    1.  The  great  body  of  salt  water  covering 

the  larger  portion  of  the  earth's  surface ;  the  ocean.    2.  A 

large  or  considerable  body  of  oceanic  water  partly  or 

almost  entirely  enclosed  by  land;  as,  the  Adriatic  Sea. 

3.  Less  frequently,  a  large  inland  body  of  water;  as,  the 
Dead  Sea  or  the  Great  Lakes  of  North  America.  4.  The 
swell  of  the  ocean;  the  course,  flow,  or  set  of  the  waves. 
5.  That  which  resembles  or  suggests  the  sea,  as  some- 
thing vast,  boundless,  or  widespread.  [  <  AS.  sse,  sea.] 
— sea'=a-nem"o-ne,  n.  A  soft=bodied  marine  animal  thai 
attaches  itself  to  rocks,  etc.,  whose  coloring  and  outspread 
tentacles  suggest  a  flower. — seasbass,  n.  A  dusky=brown  or 
black  food=flsh,  common  from  Cape  Cod  to  Florida,  black  '- 
fisht;  black  sea=basst. — sea'board".  I.  a.  Bordering  on 
the  sea.  II.  n.  The  seashore  or  seacoast.  sea'bord"t. — sea* 
boy§,  n.  A  sailor  boy. — sea=breach,  n.  The  breaking  of  a 
dike  or  embankment  by  the  sea.  —  sea  bread,  n.  An  un- 
salted  hard  biscuit  used  at  sea. — seasbreeze,  n.  A  breeze 
blowing  from  the  sea  toward  the  land. — sea  call,  n.  The 
common  seal. — sea=coal,  n.  1.  Coal  dug  from  the  earth:  so 
called  formerly  to  distinguish  it  from  charcoal,  because  it 
was  brought  to  London  by  sea.  pit'=coal"t;  earth '=coal"t. 
2§.  [U.  S]  Soft  coal  as  distinguished  from  anthracite. — 
sea  'coast",  n.  The  seashore. — sea-cow,  n.  1.  A  toothless 
acquatic  arctic  mammal  attaining  a  length  of  about  25  feet. 
2.  The  walrus.— seascucumber,  n.  A  large  holothurlan 
found  on  both  coasts  of  the  Atlantic:  named  from  the  form 
it  commonly  assumes. — sea=dog,  n.  1.  The  harbor=seal. 
2.  [Cal.,  TJ.  S.]  The  California  season.  3.  The  piked  or 
spiny  dogfish.  4.  A  buccaneer  or  piratical  privateer;  also. 
an  old  sailor,  or  one  very  fond  of  the  sea.  —  sea=ear,  n.  A 
gastropod  having  an  ear=shaped  shell;  abalone.  — sea=ogg,  n. 
A  sea=urchin.— seaselephant,  n.  A  large  antarctic-  seal 
having  the  nose  in  the  male  prolonged  into  a  flexible  pro- 
boscis. el'e-phant=scal"t.  —  sea'far"cr,  rt.  A  seaman 
Syn.:  see  sailor.— sea 'far"ln«[,  a.  Following  the  sea  as  a 
calling. — sea-fight,  n.  A  conflict  between  vessels  on  the  high 
seas. — sea=floor,  n.  The  bottom  of  the  sea.  — sea  Slower, 
n.  A  sea*anemone  or  related  anthozoan. — sea=foam,  n.  1. 
Foam  of  the  ocean.  2.  Mineral.  Meerschaum.— seasfowl, 
n.  A  sea*bird  or  sea»birds  collectively.— sea  =fox,  »,  The 
thresher.  sea>gage,  n.  1.  The  depth  to  which  a  vessel 
sinks  In  the  water;  the  draft  of  a  vessel.  2.  A  soundlng-ln- 
Btrumenl  BhOWlSg  the  depth  of  water  by  the  pressure  on  a 
column  of  fluid.      Seagate,  n.     1.  A  long  rolling  swell.     2. 

1  fence,  the  condition  in  which  two  vessels  are  when  throw  D 
together  by  a  wave.     3.  A  convenient  approach  to  Hie  sea 

4.  One  of  an  outer  pair  of  gates  for  a  dock  or  tidal  basin 
Written  also  seagall.  In  senses  1   .■ind  2.      sea'go"lng,  n. 

1.  Adapted  for  use  on  tin can.     2.  Skilful  in  navigation; 

seafaring.— sea  =Kown,  n.     1.  Any  gown  suitable  for  work 
M  sea.     2t.  A  frock  formerly  worn  by  Seamen       sea  green. 

I.  a.    Of  a  bluish-green  color.    II.  «.   A  deep  bluish  green, 

as  sea-water.  —  sea  gull,  n.  Any  gull  or  large  tern. 
gea 'hog,  n.  A  porpoise.-  -sea=liorse,  n.  I.  A  small  fish  hav- 
ing a  head  resembling  thai  Ol  D  horse  'J-  A  hippopotamus.  8. 
A  walrus,  --scaling,  n.  A  viking  as  a  maritime  leader. 
seaslcgs,  ii.  pi.  |(  'olloq  I  The  power  to  adapt  oneself  easily 
to  the  motion  of  a  ship.  -  sca=lctluce,  n.  A  green  seaweed 
often  used  for  food.-  sea 'level,  n.  The  level  continuous 
with  that  of  the  surface  of  the  ocean  at   mean  tide      sea- 

line,  n.   The  horizon  at  sea.  -sea«Ilon,  n.    one  or  various 

large,   eared   seals.  -sea<niald,    rt.   [Scot,    or   <>l>s.|   A   self 
nymph  or  a  mermaid,     sea'inalden t-     sea'man,  n.     A 
mariner:    sailor.— sea 'man-like",    n.     sea'man-ly,    a. 
sea'mau-sbip,   n.     Skill  In   navigation.— sea-mark,  n, 


■   „  ,,        .,      ,         ,        ,        ,         i         i  ...      ..    ..      ii     in      I  in.  burn] 

.,  ,  [  .       ,        ,,i  i    .1         .  ..      ••'.  ii,  i. it.  foe;  i     .'•.  •  ■  •;  g6,  n<H,  fir,  w*n. 


:o> 


. 


a   .11 1,  r, 

.,    i    ..i  i.  r.  \ 


i-n 


II. 


-.    .    i  i  .     n. 
-     .   n-k. 

- ,  i  rt  i  b  1 1 1 , 

H.lll. 

I  \    I.  ■«  '.'.        \ 

~.i    ~. -r  | >•- 1 1 1 . 
i  llevcd  bj   many  to 
sea  'shore*, 

:  hi'  .  ><•-:■  II        Sea   -Ilk". 

-.-  i  'slek"uess,   n.     Nausea, 
motion  ot  a 
l  ll  ashore, 

sea  make,  a.     I.  A  ven- 

■  clall>  >.f  i lie 

-.•  .    -i|iiirl .  \    tuiil- 

..  I.  .  ■    !  Of  tti.'  ti-in- 

*ea  term,  ■       \  nautical  term      sea  tar- 
si ..  tortoise       sea  unicorn, 
sea  urchin,  'n  echlnodenn  with  a 

irliu;  numerou  sea  wall, 

i .  t  f or  preventing  theencroach- 

•  tie  force  of  tin-  wave* 

sea  trailed, 
a  wall      sea'- 

H  ,r  |       I  II  In  the  illr.c- 

si  ■  'wards  .     a  sa'wa]  ".        I.  A 

8.   \  rough  sea 
sea 

»..ll.  1 .  :t.  A  vik- 

-    i  worth]  .  mfor 

- i-.i ' w  «>r"t  tii- in — ■ . 

-•    .    wj  +  ,  pp. 

-,  .,1  .  I.         1.:        rten  up  or  enclose  securely 

'.'.  11.  nee,  i"  dose  tightly,  or  to 

.t.  .  writing)  for  authen- 

».  impress  a  seal  upon, 

■   weight,  fineness,  ..r  capacity.    5.  To 

■  :  confirm,     •>■ 

baptize  or  to  confirm. 

;. 

s- 

|j     with    :i 
for 

-  or  S 
II.  I. 

I  for  riiak- 

- 
■ 

kffixed  to 

or 

I  ;.!  of  the  United  states, 

.-it 

;.  x,  wafer,  or  similar  token  affixed  to  a 

•    II,  or  mark  on  the 
♦  .  mployed  to  secure  a  letter,  door, 

li'l,  wrapper,  joint,  etc  .  to  prevent  its  being  opened, 
■>.    \nything  thai  con- 
a  pledge;  authentication     <i.   \ny  in- 
' .  or  un- 
kno.-        T.  the  croes,  a  sacrament,  or 

he  Divine  favor.    H. 
Phtmbmo-  The  fluid  filling  the  trap  of  a  drainage*pipe 
the  upward  Bow  •  •  ter«eeal. 

i     xigillum.  (Urn.  of  .lignum,  mark,  sign.] 
Syn_-  see  ritict:  bhui      seal'ei  .         An  official  who  in- 
deputed  to  affix 
-•  ii  lag  »  ii".         \  mixture,  as  of  shellac 
for  making  ■■ 
-.  ii    wax*        -.-.ii  '-rtnic".  n.  A  ring  on  which, 
tone  of  which,  r,  red. 

seal1.    I.  ?,'.    To  hunt  seals.    II.  -<     An  aquatic  carnivo- 
rous mammal,  mostly  of  high  latitudes,  of  which  some 


inr  -.-.il.  \  ii  Id  \  aluable  fui      B<  sis  feed 
i   J  eoiu    egati    on    ■  a.  ■■.!  i   i.  ii 
•  tc  .  in  the 

1  u 

-.   .1   .  r  .  \ 

pom-  Jrr~  ££0^^* 

I  in  Hi.-  trade 
ol  bunting    - 

-.    .1   .  r-\  .       ,  \ 

seal-hunting  station  seal'skln",  n  I.  The  under  fur  ol 
the  fur-seal,  when  prepared  for  use  bj  the  removal  "f  the 
long  hairs  and  dyeing  .lurk  brow  a.  8.  A  coal  made  ol  this  fur, 

vt-.nii  ,  1  I.        I.  To  unite  bj  mi 

•;.  to  inflict  :i  oul  or  furrow  u] S>  1 

ting,  to  give  the  appearance  >>i  a  seam  t...    II.         Va 
.  .  or  01  i'k  open;  become  fissun  d. 

seam,  1.  ".  visible  line  of  junction  between  parts  '-'• 
,. ,  fissure;  renl  8.  \  ridge  made  in  ioining  two 
pieces  or  left  by  a  mold  upon  a  casting,  -I.  A  -car  ..r 
cicatrix;  also,  a  wrinkle.  5.  Geol.  A  thin  layer  0 
turn  of  rook,  g.  A  suture.  [<  AS.  aedm,  <  aiwian,  sew.] 
seamless,  a.  Having  no  -cam.  seam'ster  .  n.  \ 
person  employed  In  sewing  seam 'stress,  n.  A  woman 
skilled  in  needlework  semp 'stress},  -cam')../  1.  Full 
..f  seams,  as  the  wrong  Bide  of  a  garment,  'i.  Hence,  hgura- 
Uvely,  Bhowing  the  worst  aspect;  as,  the  seamy  side. 

-c:in  •,  ■,.    Any  kind  ol  grease;  hence,  fatness. 

M'";»m'i-',  l  jS'ans';  2  Beefing',  •  \  -•  rion  or  Bitting. 
as  "i  persons  seeking  spiritualistic  manifestation        1 

sea 'plane,  1  sTpleh;  See/ plan,  n.  A  hydroaeroplane  speclallj 
designed  foi 

scar,  1  -Ir;  2  Bfir.  I.  rt.  1.  To  wither  or  cause  to  wither; 
dry  up.     '£.  To  cauterize.     3.  To  r>  nder  caUoUS  or  insen- 

aible;  harden.  II.  a.  Dried  or  blasted;  withered.  [< 
\  -     eOrtan,  wither.]    sere;. 

sear,  n.  The  pawl  in  a  gun-lock,  which  holds  the  hammer  at 
half  or  full  cock.     [<  V.strn.  <   1..  .sera,  lock,  <  sero,  Join.] 

search,  I  1  sun-h;  2  B§rch,  p.     I.  (.     1.  To  explore  thor- 

serch'',  )  oughly,  as  if  to  find  something  concealed  or 
lost ;  subject  to  search.  2.  To  scrutinize,  as  for  informa- 
tion or  better  knowledge  :{.  To  try  or  examine,  as  by 
ng.  4.  Hence,  to  attain  to  complete  knowledge  con- 
cerning: commonly  with  out.  II.  f.  To  seek  or  look 
carefully.  [<  F.  chercher,  seek]  Syn.:  see  ixciim:  hint. 
-earch'a-bl(ep,  a. — search 'er,  n.—  search  'Ing-ly,  adv. 

search,  r».  The  act  of  seeking  or  looking  diligently ;  inves- 
tigation; inquiry.— search  Might",  n.  A  powerful 
electric  arc-light  set  In  a  reflector,  and  so  mounted  that  a 
beam  of  Intensely  brilliant  light  may  be  thrown  In  various 
directions  for  search  or  signaling.  —  s.swarrant,  ft.  A  war- 
rant directing  an  officer  to  search  a  house  or  other  specified 
place  for  things  alleged  to  be  unlawfully  concealed  there. 

-ea '-nil,  1  -i'zn;  2  se'sn,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  increase  the  relish 
or  savor  of.  2.  To  render  more  suitable  for  use;  espe- 
cially, to  prepare,  by  drying  or  hardening,  as  timber.  3. 
:  1  z.st  to;  make  piquant;  spice  or  flavor.  4.  To 
mitigate  or  qualify  by  admixture;  moderate.  5.  To  fit 
for  use;  inure;  habituate;  mature.  II.  i.  1.  To  become 
dry  and  hard,  as  lumber.  2.  To  become  mature;  grow 
fit  for  use;  become  acclimated,  as  a  human  being. — 
sca'-oii-lng,  h.  1.  The  act  or  process  by  which  something,  as 
lumber,  is  rendered  fit  for  use.  2.  Something  added  to  food 
to  give  relish;  hence,  figuratively,  something  added  to  In- 
crcase  enjoyment  or  to  relieve  monotony.    3.  Acclimation. 

sea'son,  n.  1.  A  division  of  the  year  as  determined  by 
the  earth's  position  with  respect  to  the  sun,  and  as 
marked  by  the  temperature,  moisture,  vegetation,  etc. 
';.  A  period  of  time.  3.  A  fit  or  suitable  time.  4t-  Some- 
thing that  imparts  relish;  seasoning.  [<  F.  saison,  < 
l  ..",..'.-.  planting,  <  sero.  sow.]  Syn.:  see  opportinitt: 
-ea'si(ii-a-l>le>\  a.  Being  in  keeping  with  the 
season:  done  at  the  proper  time.  Syn.:  see  CONVENIENT. 
sea'son-a-bKe-nessf,  n.— sea'son-a-bly,  adr.  —  season- 
al, a.     <  haracterisilc  of,  or  occurring  at,  a  certain  season. 

seat,  1  -it .  2  sgt.     P.  rf.     1.  To  place  on  a  seat  or  seats; 

down.    2.  To  have  seats  for.    3.  To  locate; 

-ettle;  station    4.  To  fix  a  seat  on;  renew  or  repair  the 

or  bottom  of.    5.  To  equip  or  furnish  with  seats     *>■ 

'I  o  allot  the  seats  of  for  a  period,  as  in  some  church.-. 

II.  n.     1.  That  on  which  one  sits;  a  chair,  bench,  -tool, 

or  any  other  thing  similarly  used.     2.  That  part  of  a 

thing  upon  which  one  rests  in  sitting,  or  upon  which  an 

object  or  another  part  rests.    3.  That  part  of  the  person 

which  sustains  the  weight,  of  the  body  in  sitting,  or  the 

corresponding   portion  of  a  garment.     4.  The  place 

where  anything  is  situated,  settled,  or  established;  as, 

i  at  of  pain;  site.    5.  Specifically,  a  place  of  abode; 

an  estate  or  mansion.    6.  The  privilege  or  right  of  sit- 


l-»=  final-    l  =  habit:    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cllin;    go;     rj  =  sing;    thin,    this.  seace 

703  2: wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,  but,   burn;  oil,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  sect 


ting.  7.  The  manner  of  sitting,  as  on  horseback.  [  < 
AS.  sxt,  place  to  sit  in  ambush,  <  sittan,  sit] 

Se-at'tle,  1  si-at'l:  2  se-at'l,  n.  A  seaport  on  Puget  Sound, 
Washington;  pop.  330,850;  seat  of  the  University  of  Wash- 
ington. 

sea'wan,  1  sS'wan;  2  se'wan,  n.  [Am.  Ind.]  Wampum;  a  term 
used  by  the  Dutch  colonists  of  the  Hudson  river  valley, 
sea'wanej;  sea'wantt. 

se-ba'ceous,  1  si-be'sTius;  2  se-ba'shiis,  a.  Pertaining  to, 
appearing  like,  or  secreting  fat;  fatty;  oily.  [  <  L.  sefca- 
ceus,   <  sebum,  suet.] 

Se-bas'to-pol,  1  si-bas'to-pol;  2  se-bas'to-pol.  n.  A  fortified 
seaport  in  the  Crimea.  Russia;  pop.  62,000;  captured  by 
English  and  French,  Sept.  20,  1855. 

Sec,  abbr.  Secretary. — sec,  abbr.  Secant,  second. — sec, 
sect.,  abbr.    Section. 

se'cant,  1  si'ksnt;  2  se'kant.  I.  a.  Cutting,  especially 
into  two  parts;  intersecting.  II.  n.  Math.  A  straight 
line  that  intersects  a  curve  or  figure;  especially,  in  trigo- 
nometry, a  line  drawn  from  the  center  of  a  circle 
through  one  extremity  of  an  arc  to  the  tangent  drawn 
from  the  other  extremity  of  the  same  arc.  [  <  L.  se- 
can(t-)s,  cutting.] 

se-cede',  1  si-sid';  2  se-ced',  vi.  [sE-cED'EDd;  se-ced'ing.] 
To  withdraw  from  union,  fellowship,  or  association,  es- 
pecially from  apolitical  or  religious  body;  go  out;  sepa- 
rate. [  <  L.  se-,  aside,  +  cedo,  go.] — se-ced  'er,  n. — se- 
ees'slon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  seceding.  2.  Specif.  (U.  S.  Hist.), 
the  attempted  withdrawal  of  the  Southern  States  from  the 
Union  in  1860-1861.— se-ces'ston-Ism,  n.  The  principles 
or  doctrine  of  secession. — se-ces'sion-lst,  n.  One  who  fa- 
vors secession,  as  of  the  Southern  States  in  1860. 

Sec  Leg.,  abbr.    Secretary  of  Legation. 

se-clude',  1  si-klud';  2  se-clud',  vt.  [sE-CLUD'EDd ;  he- 
clud'ing.]  To  remove  and  keep  apart,  as  from  com- 
pany or  society;  withdraw  from  others;  spend  (as  time) 
apart  from  others:  often  reflexively;  as,  to  seclude  one- 
self. [<  L.  se-,  aside,  +  claudo,  shut.] — se-clud'ed, 
pa. — se-clud 'ed-ness,  n. — se-clu'slon,  n.  1.  The  act  of 
secluding;  solitude;  retirement.    2.  A  secluded  place. 

Syn.:  privacy,  retirement,  retreat,  secrecy,  separation, 
solitude.  See  retirement;  solitude. — Ant.:  crowd,  multi- 
tude, numbers,  publicity,  society,  throng,  world.  —  Prep.: 
the  seclusion  of  the  study  -.from  the  world. — se-clu'slv(es,  a. 

sce'ondd,  1  sek'end;  2  sSe'ond,  vt.  1.  To  act  as  a  support- 
er or  assistant  of;  promote.  2.  In  deliberative  bodies,  to 
support  formally,  as  a  motion,  resolution,  etc.,  as  a  pre- 
requisite to  discussion  or  adoption.  3|j .  To  follow  in  the 
next  place;  succeed.  4||.  To  repeat,  duplicate,  or  equal. 
Syn.:  see  aid;  help. — sec'ond-er,  n. 

sec'ond,  a.  1.  Next  in  order  after  the  first:  the  ordinal  of 
two.  2.  Ranking  next  to  or  below  the  first  or  best;  of 
inferior  quality  or  value;  secondary;  subordinate.  3. 
Identical  in  character  with  another  or  preceding  one; 
another;  other.  4.  Mus.  Lower  in  pitch,  or  rendering  a 
lower  part  than  the  principal  one.  [F.,  <  L.  secundus, 
following,  <  sequor,  follow.] — sec'on-da-ry.  I.  a.  1.  Of 
second  rank,  grade,  or  influence;  subordinate;  second=rate; 
subsequent;  resultant.  2.  Ornith.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the 
secondaries.  3.  Elec.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  noting  an  in- 
duced current  or  its  circuit,  especially  in  an  Induction' 
coil.  4.  [S-]  Geol.  Belonging  to  or  occurring  in  the  Mcso- 
zoicera.  II.  n.  [-BIESZ,  pi.]  1.  One  who  acts  In  a  secondary 
or  subordinate  capacity;  an  assistant;  a  deputy  or  delegate. 

2.  Anything  of  secondary  size,  position,  or  importance.  3. 
Aslron.  (1)  A  secondary  circle.  (2)  A  secondary  planet;  a 
satellite.  4.  Ornith.  One  of  the  feathers  that  grow  on  the 
second  joint  or  forearm  of  a  bird's  wing.  5.  Entom.  One  of 
the  hind  wings  of  an  Insect.  6.  [S-]  Geol.  The  secondary 
rocks,  or  the  era  In  which  they  were  formed;  the  Mesozolc. 
— secondary  school,  one  Imparting  instruction  between 
the  elementary  grades  and  the  college  course. — sec'on-da- 
rl-ly, adr.—  sec'ond  =class",  a.  Ranking  next  below  the  first 
or  best. — s.diand,  a.  1.  Having  been  previously  Owned  or 
used  by  another;  not  new.     2.  Received  from  another;  not, 

direct  from  the  original  source;  as.  second-hand  Information. 

3.  Employed  in  handling  slock  at  second  hand.  4.  (>f  infe- 
rior grade;  being  a  poor  imitation;  as.  a  second-hand  states- 
man.     8.  "hand1,  n.     That  which    is    second-hand;    a    poor 

imitation,    s.diand-,  n.    The  hand  thai  marks  the  seconds 

on  a  clock  or  a  watch,  sec'ondsdiand  t-  sec'ond-ly.  <"h 
In  the  second    place.      s.=rale.    I.  a.   Second  In  quality,  Size, 

rank,  importance,  etc  ;  second-class.      II.  ».    Thai    Which   is 

second-rate,  s.  sight,  a  faculty  attributed  to  or  claimed  by 
certain  persons,  and  alleged  to  enable  them  to  foretell  the 
future  and  to  discern  events  occurring  at  distant   places 

s.  sighted,    a.      Having    the   second    slchl 

sec'ond1,  n.  1.  The  one  next  after  the  first  in  position, 
rank,  importance,  or  quality.  2.  An  attendant  who  sup- 
ports or  aids  another,  as  in  a  duel.    3.  pi.  An  article  o) 

jperebandisc  of  second  gra.de  or  inferior  <iualil  v.  4.  Mm 


(1)  The  interval  between  any  note  and  the  next  above  or 
below  in  the  diatonic  scale.  (2)  A  note  separated  by 
this  interval  from  any  other.  (3)  Two  notes  at  this 
interval  written  or  sounded  together;  the  resulting  dis- 
sonance. (4)  A  second  or  subordinate  part,  instrument, 
or  voice. — major  second,  in  music,  a  second  between 
whose  tones  is  a  difference  of  pitch  of  a  step. 

sec'ond2,  n.  1.  A  unit  of  time,  '/eo  of  a  minute.  2.  A 
unit  of  angular  measure,  V6oof  a  minute  of  arc.  3.  In  the 
duodecimal  notation,  V12  of  an  inch  or  prime.  [  <  F. 
seconde.  <  LL.  secunda,  <  L.  secundus;  see  second,  a.] 

se'eret,  1  si'kret;  2  se'ergt.  I.  o.  1.  Kept  separate  or 
hidden.  2.  Affording  privacy;  secluded.  3.  Good  at 
keeping  secrets;  close*mouthed.  II.  n.  1.  Something 
not  to  be  told.  2.  A  thing  undiscovered  or  unknown. 
3.  An  underlying  reason;  that  •which,  when  known,  ex- 
plains; key.  4.  A  secret  contrivance.  [F.,  <  L.  se-, 
aside,  +  cerno,  separate.) 

Syn.:  clandestine,  concealed,  covered,  covert,  furtive,  hid, 
hidden,  latent,  mysterious,  obscure,  occult,  private,  recon- 
dite, retired,  unknown,  unrevealed,  unseen,  veiled.  See 
mysterious. — Ant.:  aboveboard,  apparent,  clear,  evident, 
manifest,  obvious,  plain,  transparent,  unconcealed,  undis- 
guised.— se'ere-cy,  n.  [-ciesz,  pi.]  1.  The  condition  or 
quality  of  being  secret  or  hidden:  concealment.  2.  The 
character  of  being  secretive:  seeretiveness.  3.  Privacy; 
retirement:  solitude,  se'eret-nesst.  Syn.:  see  seclusion. 
— se'cret=false"§,  a.    Secretly  untrue.— se'cret-ly,  adv. 

see're-ta-ry,  1  sek'n-te-n ;  2  see're-ta-ry,  n.    [-riesz,  pi.] 

1.  One  who  attends  to 
correspondence,  keeps 
records,  etc.  2.  An  ex- 
ecutive officer  who  man- 
ages a  department,  as  of 
a  government.  3.  A  writ- 
ing-desk. [  <  F.  secre- 
taire, <  LL.  secretarius,  < 
lus;  see  secret,  a.] — sec"re-ta'rl-al, 
a. — sec"re-ta'rl-ate,  n.  1.  A  secre- 
tary's position,    sec're-ta-ry-shipl. 

2.  The  place  where  a  secretary  trans- 
acts his  business  and  preserves  his 
official  records.  sec"re-ta'ri-ati.— 
sec're-ta-ry=blrd",  n.  A  South«Afrl- 
can  bird,  with  long  legs  and  a  crested 
head,  that  preys  on  serpents. 

se-crete',    1    si-krit';  2   se-eret',   vt.    Secretary=blrd.  V27 

[sE-CRET'EDd;        SE-CREt'iNG.]         1. 

To  remove  or  keep  from  observation;  conceal;  hide. 
2.  Physiol.  To  separate  or  elaborate  from  blood  or 
sap  by  the  process  of  secretion. 

Syn.:  conceal.  Secrete  is  a  stronger  word  than  conceal,  a  ml 
Is  used  chiefly  of  such  material  objects  as  may  lie  separated 
from  the  person,  or  from  their  ordinary  surroundings,  and 
put  In  unlooked-for  places;  a  man  conceals  a  scar  on  his 
face,  butdoes  not  secrete  it ;  a  thief  secretes  stolen  goods;  an 
officer  may  also  be  said  to. seen  tc  himself  to  watch  the  thief. 
See  hide. — 8e-Cre'tlon,  n.  I.  The  process  by  which  ma- 
terials are  separated  from  blood  or  sap  and  elaborated  Into 
new  substances.  2.  The  substance  secreted,  as  saliva  or 
milk.  3.  The  act  of  concealing.  4.  (lent.  A  deposit  of  mineral 
matter  in  successive  coatings,  lining  cavities  and  fissures. 
sc-cre'tlv(es,  a.  1.  Inclined  to  secrecy.  2.  Producing 
secretion. — se-cre'tlvCe-uess*,  ».—  se-crc'to-ry,  a.  Per- 
taining to  secretion. 
sect,  1  sekt;  2  sect,  n.    1.  A  body  of  persons  distinguished 

by  peculiarities  of  faith  ami  practise;  especially,  a  body 

of  dissenters  from  an  established  church;  a  denomina 

lion;  communion.     2.  Any  number  of  persons  united  in 

opinion  or  interest,  as  in  the  state  or  in  society;  a  party 
or  faction;  an  order.  3.  A  kind;  a  sex:  obsolete  or  vul- 
gar. 4§.  A  cutting  in  horticulture,  |<  F.  secle,  <  L. 
secta,  faction,  school,  <  seco,  separate.] 

Svn.:  church,  communion,  denomination,  heresy,  hetero- 
doxy, party,  schism,  school.  //ir<s//  or  heterodoxy  is  a  de- 
parture from  the  established  doctrine;  a  schism  is  a  divi- 
sion of  the  church  either  on  matters  of  faith  or  practise; 
schism  Is  applied  also  to  non«rellglous  organizations,  A 
sect  or  denomination  Is  an  organized  bodj  ol  believers  dis- 
tinct in  doctrine  or  practise,  or  In  both,  from  others:  sect  Is  an 
opprobrious  and  denomination  an  honorable  term  for  the 
same  body,  within  a  denomination  there  ma]  be  schools 
differing  on  minor  matters,  or  parties  favoring  or  opposing 
certain  persons  or  measures,  without  breach  of  essential  and 
organic  unity.  Church  is  often  used  as  synonymous  with 
denomination;  as,  the  Methodist  chinch;  the  Presbyterian 

Church.      The    members    of    a    State    •lunch,    or    I  hose    »l„i 

represent  a  foreign  Btate  church,  commonly  apply  the  name 
church  only  to  their  own  organization,  terming  all  other 
religious  bodies  sects.     Communion  designates  those  who 

Share  a  common  fallli.  rather  ullli  reference  I .,  I  h.  Ir  ..niill  lid 


Mi  III* 

si-lei  ( 


u  ci        fat.  far,-;   fail  ,  get.  prfl\  ,    bit,  poll        •'  5;   net.  *r;  full,  rQle;   Inn.  l>Orn: 

.'.art.  Ape,  fat.  fire,  list,  what,  nil;  I     I        I  I     I; go,  not,  Or,  wAd, 


;oi 


-.  .    tile. 


-.  ,    i 


In  other 

All  I  M 

-M-ll        I    I'     lll-Ulll. 

\  ...     I  i - r  I  -  I 

Log  out, 

i  at  | 

I  .  ;  ■  i r l  . >i 

\  ■  Ui 'li  • 'I 

liaptcr; 
\  distinct  p.irt  of  :i  ooun- 

\  .  ..i  public  land 

i  constituting 

.  particular  sol  ol  men  are 
•  ttion,   picture,   or 

•  ing,  as  :i  building   machine,  or 

■  l>>  an  intersecting  plane; 

-.  ii  wed     3.  \  vi-r\  thin  slice  of 

pic  examination.     4. 

:.  indicating  a  subdivision:  used 

.».  rhe  aol  "i  cutting;  division 

surgical  operatii  8.  m.  The 

ntersection  of  a  plane  or  other 

■.  i-iit  ] 

-.i   ii.'H-.ii.        I.  Pertaining  to  a  section, 

;.  Made  op  of  seetlon- 

al-Km.  rd  for  a  particular  section  of  the 

inal  prejudice,    see*- 

th.n-al  '!-(>    .      ■.ectloii-al-l/. 

vii    i  ■  ■  r .  |  ■  tor,  n.    1.  ^.  part  of  a  circle 

r  i. In  and  the  arc  Bub- 
.'.    \  mathematical  in- 
■  ing  "i  two  arm*  marked 

I  hinged  together 
[L  .  cutter,  <  ssoo,  out  ) 

mi   ii-1  ir.  •  'yu-lar.      I. 

1.  to    this   world    or    the 

worldly,     as     contrasted       Sector. 

'.'.  Brought  about  in  the 

3.  N'ui  bound  by  monastic  vows.    4. 

.  but  once  in  an  age  or  century. 

II.        l.   /  Om  in  holy  orders  who  is  not  bound 

by  monastic  vow-       2]  An  unordained  church  officer. 

!  I 

tum.  ...  last    u-lar:.     Syn.:  see  profane.— sce'u-lar- 

t«tn.  p  ritual  matters. 

■  It  Int.         -ir'u-Lir  i-t> .         sec'u-lar-ize,  ■• 

i!:ir;  convert  rriim  sacred  to 

see'u-lar-lset.    sec"u-lar-i- 

/i       -ealtton,        -i-r'u-l.ir-ly,  ads. 

se-eure',  1  -:-ki"ir:  2  - -rur'.    I.  vt.    [se-cured';  si 

arc]    1.  To  make  secure;  protect;  guarantee.    2.  To 

so  as  to  prevent  from  getting  loose; 

3.  To  get  safely  in  possession;  obtain  or  acquire. 

«-.    l  ■•  assure;  pledge.     Sjti.:  sec  ahiu-i.    \ii\in;  bind; 

II  live;  PUBCB  \sk;  BB1  MS. 

II.        1.  Guarded  against  or  not  likely  to  be  exposed  to 
daru-  ;.  from  fear,  apprehension,  etc.;  confi- 

dent •'••  red;  certain;  sure:  followed  by  of, 

-  by  an  infinitive.    4.  So  strong  or  well  made 

•  .  or  failure  impossible.    [<  L. 

tecurus,  <  U-,  without.    -  cura,  care.) 
Synj   assured,    careless,    certain,    confident,    defended, 

Me,  Insured,  protected,  safe,  sure,  unas- 
sailable, undisturbed,  unmolested,  unsuspecting,  un- 
troubled    See  Mi-.M      Ant.:  dangerous,  dubious,  exposed, 

hazardous.  Imperiled,  Insecure,  perilous,  risky. — Prep.:  se- 
cure of  ad'.  (fl  the  fastness: 
-c-iiir'a-bl  i- ■■■..:.     se-cure'ly, adv. 
-i.i  ur'i-ty.  r».    \-m.-7.  pi  ]    L.  Thi   state  of  being  secure. 
■'-om    in-   .      ;.                          thai   which  secures; 
■  !.  lor  pay- 
ment of  n                       Its,  bonds,  etc 

Syn.:  ball,  collateral,  e  i  pledge,  surety.    The 

first  four  words  agree  in  denoting  something  (.-hen  or  depos- 
ited as  an  a-  nothing  to  in-  given,  paid,  or  done, 
t  to  i"-  given,  :i  i 
red  in  advance,  as  when  part  of  the  p 
money  is  paid,  according  to  the  con  ion,  "to 
bind  the  bargain. "    A  pledge  or  security  may  be  wholly  dif- 
ferent In  kind  from  that  to  be  given  or  paid,  and  may  greatly 
•  1  It  In  value                                                               Dual  prop- 
anything   of   sufficient    value    to    make    the   creditor 
secure:  a  pledge  (as  hen-  i                       Is  always  of  personal 
property   or  cna'                       pawnshop   contain 
dx-med  viedga;  land,   t:  a                 bonds,  etc,  are  fre- 
Uy  offered  and  accepted  as  tecurtty.    Collateral  is  prop- 
■  •'..  actual];.-  deposited  as  teeurtty, 
termed     collateral  security."    A  person  ma;, 


Its  or  .viir.il/  tor  another's  payment  of  s  debt,  appeal 

In  i  "in  i.  etc  .  in  < tn-  latu  Id  i"  become 

tail  for  thai  person;  the  person  accused  gives  bail  for  him 

■    only  as  a  literary  word,  chiefly  in  certain 

itli  se  »  impart     Prep 

;  be  pa)  on  ni  or  .i  debt .  sscurlt)  w  the  state,  far 

urn  of  a  thousand  dollars. 

M'-iLiii '■.  1  -I'l-u.  ,  £    '  i  li  ii  .  s      \  olosed  chair,  for  one 
I  by  i » "  or  more  men  bj   means  of 
poles  at  the  sides      I-    Sedan    |     sc-dan  ''«halr"|. 
»i-ii.iii    .  i     s-dan'    "    ■  daft',  it      \  town  and  forti 
\    i     Prance;  Napoleon  in   defeated,  and  surrendered  to 

Prussians  with  83,0 ten,  Sepl    l.  into 

M'-d;ite',  1    i  d6t';2se-dat\  a     Characterised  by  habitu- 
al oomposure;  staid,    [<  L,  vvdatue,  pp  ol  teao,  allay  I 
s\ n    calm,  contemplative,  demure,  grave,  quiet,  serene. 

serious,  sober,  solemn,  staid,  still,  thoughtful,  tranquil,  un 

disturbed,  unruffled,  see  calm;  bkrioi  i;  raoi  ohti  i  l 
Ant.:  agitated,  disturbed,  excited,  flighty,  Hurried,  frollo 
some,  gay,  lively,  mad.  merrj .  »  lid.  se-datelj ,  adt  se« 
date'ness,n  sed'a-tlrfe*.  I.  a.  Having  a  soothing  tsn- 
denoj  :  in  medicine,  allaying  Irritation;  assuaging  pain,  II. 
\  ir  iii.jii  i, .,  a  medicine,  of  allaying  irritation  or  pain 

ged'en-ta-ry,  1  sed'en-te-rt;  2  Bed'Sn-ta-ry,  a.  1.  sitting 
much  of  the  time;  accustomed  to  sit  much  or  to  work  in 
a  -ii ling  posture;  hence,  sluggish ;  inactive,  2.  Charac- 
terised By  silling  3.  Resulting  from  much  or  long  sit- 
ting. 4.  /,'"/.  Remaining  in  one  place;  attached  or 
fixed  to  an  object.  (<  L.  sedentariua,  <  ssden(f-)s,  ppr. 
of  s,  ill  a.  sill     sed'cn-ta-rl-l>,  adv.     sed'en-ta-rl-iiess,  n. 

sedge,  1  sej .  2  \n\  coarse,  rush  like  or  Hag-like 

herb  growing  in  a  wet  place.    [  <  AS.  secy, 
cutler,  <  Teut.  bsse  teg,  cut.]— sedg'y,  a. 

Sedge'moor,  1  seJ'mQr;  2  sedg'moor,  n.  A 
tract   in  S   W.  England,  where  royal  troops 

defeated  Monmouth,   ltiSo. 

Bedl-ment,  1  Bed'i-ment  or  -ment;  2  sed'i- 
meni./i.  Matter  that  settles  to  the  bottom 
of  a  liquid;  dregs;  lees.  [<  L.°»  sedU 
mmium.  .settling.]  Syn.:  see  waste.  —  sed"l- 
nieii'ta-ry,  a.  '  lharacterlzed  by  sediment, 
ascertain  rocks  Bed"l-men'tal,  «.  — sed"- 
l-men-ta'tlon,  n.     Accumulation  of  sediment. 

se-dl'tion,  1  ai-disli'en;  2  se-dlsh'on,  n.  Popu- 
lar disorder  tending  toward  insurrection;  also, 
irring  up  of  such  disorder.  [OF.,  <  L. 
sedilio(,n-) .  <  sed-,  aside,  +  Mo,  going]  Syn.: 
see  revolution. — se-dl'tlous,  a.  Syn.:  see 
rebellious;  turbulent— se-dl'tlous-ly,  adv. 

se-duee',  1  si-dius';  2  se-duc',  vt.    [se-duced'1; 
"i  -in  c'nro.]     1.  To  draw  into  error  or  evil; 
lead     astray.       2.   Specifically,   to   entice    to 
surrender    chastity,   as   a  woman;    debauch. 
[  <  L.    seduco,    <  se-,   aside,    -f  duco,    lead]  American 
Syn.:  see  allure;  reclaim.— se-duc 'er,  n.— se-     Sedge, 
duc'l-bl(ei\  a.    se-duee 'a-bKePJ.  —  se-due'- 
tlon,  n.     The  act  of,  or  the  means  employed  In,  seducing. 
sc-ducc'mcnt}.— se-due'tiv(e8,  a.      Tending  to  seduce; 
enticing.    -1} ,  rufo.    -ness,  n. 

st'd'u-lous,  1  sed'yu-lus;  2  sPd'yt.i-lus,  a.  Constant  in 
application  or  attention:  persevering  in  effort;  assidu- 
ous. [<  L.  sedvltts,  diligent.  <  xedm,  sit]  Syn.:  see  indu.s- 
TRIOUB.-  sed'u-lous-ly,  nrtr.  —  sed'u-lous-ness,  n.  Syn.: 
see  INDUSTRY,      se-du'll-ty \. 

see,  1  si;  2  se,  v.    [saw;  seen;  sbe'tng.]    1. 1.    l.Toper- 

by  the  eye;  observe;  look  at.     'i.  To  perceive  with 

the  mind;  understand;  comprehend.  3.  To  ascertain  or 
find  out ;  also,  to  experience  or  suffer.  4.  To  call  on  or 
\  i^it .  5.  To  grant  an  interview  to;  meet ;  receive.  6.  To 
escort;  at  tend  as  a  companion.  7.  To  have  as  a  care: 
followed  usually  by  an  object  clause  with  llmt.  II.  i.  1. 
To  have  the  power  of  sight.  2.  To  have  mental  percep- 
tion; comprehend.  3.  To  make  inquiry;  consider.  [  < 
Sit,  see.)    Syn.:  see  discern;  look. 

see,  1  si;  2  se.  "  Episcopal  or  papal  jurisdiction,  or  the 
territory  embraced  within  it;  a  bishop's  or  pope's  office. 
OF.  se.  sed,  <  I>.  sedes.  scat,  <  sedeo,  sit]  -Holy  See, 
gee  of  Koine,  the  Pope's  jurisdiction,  conn,  or  office. 

seed  ,  1  sid;  2  -ed,  e.  I.  '.  1.  To  sow  with  seed.  2.  To 
remoi  e  seeds  from.  :{.  To  allow  to  granulate,  as  fat,  by 
cooling  slowly  without  stirring.  II.  i.  1.  To  sow  seed. 
2.  To  grow  to  maturity  and  produce  seed;  go  to  seed; 
ed.  —  seed'er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which 
if  ,  one  of  various  machines  made  for 
this  purpose.    Syn.:  see  plant. 

seed,  n.  1.  The  ovule  from  which  a  plant,  may  be  repro- 
duced. See  illus.  on  next  page.  2.  That  from  which 
anything  springs;  source.  3.  Offspring;  children.  4. 
The  male  fertilizing  element.  [<  AS.  seed,  <  sawan, 
sow]  —  seed '=bud",  n.    Hoi.    The  germ  within  a  seed; 


l:a=  final;    1  =  habit:    aisle;    an  — out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    c"hin;    go;    t)  —  aing;   thin,   this. 
705         2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot:   full,    rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


seettle 
select 


ize,  used  or  intended  for  see* 

seed,  as  dis-  f        y^     ^ 
e  propagated  /        A        \ 
llus.  below.    2.  [         /  \         ] 
young   tree  or  I  L^         / 

if,  n.     1.   The  \    .   N       J 
r  state  of  being    VSgiAjL-^/ 
le .— s.=plot,  re.     ^^  ^-^1 


also,  the  cvule. — s. scorn,  re.    Corn  or  grain,  in  the  United 

States  especially  maize,  used  or  intended  for  seed. — seed'- 

less,    a.  —  >     d'ltn* 

plant  grown  from 

tinguished   from   one 

by  grafting.    See  illus, 

A  very  amail  or  > 

plant. —  seed  rnesst 

action  ot  sowing  or 

sown.     2.  Seed=time. 

A  plot  in  which  seed,  are  sown  to 

produce  plants  for  transplanting.  <ioaA 

— seeds 'man,  n.    [-men.  pi.]     A     ,  „  ?    ,.. 

rtMlpr  In  W(k  -«  -time    n     The      1   I'-can-std  8pl,t  open  to  sho«- 
aeaiei  in  seeas.     s.-ume,  re.    i  nc  fl>Bt|,t     L.  section  of  a  garden 

proper     time     fur     SOWing     Seed. —  heim:    o,    mioropyle;    6.   hilum   or 
S.sVeSSel,  n.      The  part  Of  a  plant  scar;    c,    raphe;    rf,    point    where 

that  contains  the  seeds;  pericarp,  <*«'"»  lies. 

seed'y,  1  sid'i;  2  sed'y,  a.  [seed'i-er;  seed'i-est.]  1. 
Abounding  with  seecjs;  going  to  seed.  2.  Poor  and 
ragged;  shabby. — seed 'i-ness,  n.  [since. 

see'ing,  1  si'irj ;  2  se'ing,  conj.    Taking  into  consideration; 

seek,  1  sik;  2  sek,  v.  [sought;  seek'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  go 
in  search  of ;  look  for.  2.  To  strive  for;  endeavor.  3.  To 
inquire  or  appeal  for.  4.  To  try  to  go  to;  betake  oneself 
to.  II.  i.  To  look;  search;  make  inquiry.  [< 
AS  secan,  seek.] — seek'er,  n. 

seel,  1  sll;  2  sel,  vt.    1.  To  close  the  eyes  of  by  threads 
drawn  through  the  lids;  close,  as  eyes,  in  this  man- 
ner: said  of  a  falcon.     2.  To  close,  as  eyes,  in 
any  manner;  blind.      [<  F.  tiller,  wink,  <  til 
(<  L.  cilium),  eyelid.] 

seem,  1  slm;  2sem,  vi.     1.  To  create  or 
give  the  impression  of  being;  appear.  ^ 
2.  To  appear  to  oneself:  a  kind  of  re- 
flexive  use;    as,  I   seem  to    hear  strange 
voices.     Compare  meseems.     [<  Ice.  ssema, 
conform  to.]    Syn.:  see  appear.— seem 'er,  re. 
— seem'ing.    I.  pa.    Having  the  appearance 
of  reality;  apparent:  often  with  the  implica- 
tion of  non«reality.     Syn.:  see  apparent.   II. 
re.      Appearance:  semblance;    especially,  false 
show.  Syn.:  see  pretense. — seem  'ing-ly,  adv. 

seem'ly,  1  slm'h;  2sem'ly,  a.  [seem'li-er; 
seem'li-est.]  Befitting  the  proprieties; 
becoming;  proper;  decorous.  [<  Ice. 
ssemiligr,  <  samr,  same.]  Syn.:  see  becom- 
ing.—seem 'li-ness,  re.— seem'ly,  adv. 

seen,  1  sin;  2  sen.  pp.  of  see,  v. 

seep,  1  sip;  2  sep,  vt.  &  vi.  [U.  S.  &  Scot.]  To 
soak  through,  as  pores;  percolate.  [<  AS. 
sipian,  soak.] — seep'age,  n.  „     .., 

seer',   1   sir;    2  ser,  n.      One    who    foretells     „e*""£ 
events;  a  prophet. 

se'ers,  1  si'ar;  2  se'er,  re.    One  who  sees. 

seer'suck"er,  lsir'suk'ar;  2  ser'suk"er,  re.     A     "' '"'^  """'" 
thin  linen  or  linen  and  silk  fabric,  usually 
striped  in  pale  blue,  and  having  an  irreguarly  crimped  sur- 
face.   [E.  Ind.] 

see'saw",  1  si'se";  2  se'sa".  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  cause  to  move 
after  the  manner  of  a  seesaw;  act  in  an  alternating  man- 
ner. II- o.  Moving  to  and  fro;  vacillating.  III.  n.  1. 
A  sport  in  which  persons  sit  or  stand  on  opposite  ends 
of  a  balanced  plank  and  oscillate  it  up  and  down.  2.  A 
plank  or  board  balanced  for  this  sport.  3.  Any  up»and« 
down  or  to*and=fro  movement.  4.  In  whist,  a  condition 
in  which  each  of  two  partners  alternately  trumps  the 
other's  lead.    [Reduplication  of  saw1,  t;.] 

Seethe,  1  slth;  2  seth,  vt.  &  vi.  [seethed  or  formerly  sod; 
seethed  or  formerly  hod'den  or  sod;  seeth'ing.1  To 
boil;  steep;  be  in  a  state  of  boiling.  [  <  AS. seoiAon, boil.] 

seg'ment,  1  seg'ment  or  -mant;  2  seg'ment,  n.  1.  A  part 
cut  off  or  divided  from  the  other  parts  of  anything;  a 
section.  2.  Geom.  A  part  of  a  figure  cut  off;  the  part  of  a 
circle  included  within  a  chord  and  its  arc.  [<  L.  seg- 
mentum,  <  ser.o,  cut]  Syn.:  see  part. — seg'ment,  vt.  To 
separate  or  divide  Into  Hcgrnent.s.  seg'mcn-tal,  a.  seg'- 
men-ta-ry}. — scg"men-ta'tlon,  re.  The  act  of  cut  ling  or 
dividing  Into  segments,  or  the  state  of  being  so  divided; 
specif.,  tiic  cleavage  ot  a  cell  Into  parts. 

Seg'rc-gatc,  1  seg'n-get;  2  sCg'rc-gat.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [-«at"- 
kd'1;  -oat"ing.]  To  separate,  or  become  separated,  as 
from  others,  or  from  the  remainder;  isolate.  II.  o.  1. 
Separated  <>r  set  apart  from  others;  select.  2.  Zool. 
Simple;  solitary;  not  compound.  [<  L.  eegregalus,  pp. 
of  tegrego,  separate,  <  se-,  aside,  +  arex  (arcg-),  Hock] 
seg"rp-ga'tion,  n.- -Heg're-ga"tlv(e",  a. 

Seld'litz,  1  sed'hts;  2  sSd'lits,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  derived 
from  Sedlitz  (Seidlitz),  Bohemia:  designating  alkaline 

waters  that  are  found  there,  or  powders  possessing  .simi- 
lar properties,  called  Seidlitz  powders.    Sed'litzi. 


of 

a  Morning* 
glory. 


Horizontal  Pendu- 
lum Seismograph. 

a,  pendulum  mase;  6,  pen- 
dulum boom;  c,  clock.drivrti 
drum  oovered  by  a  Bmoked- 
paper  Bheet  on  which  motion 
It*  recorded  by  a  umltiplvitiu. 
lever  (<l). 


sei'gnior,  1  sin'yar;  2  sen'yor,  n.  1.  A  lord;  in  southern 
Europe,  equivalent  to  English  sir.  2.  Law.  A  lord  of  a 
fee  in  lands  or  of  a  manor.  [  <  F.  seigneur,  <  L.  senior, 
compar.  of  senex,  old.]  sei'gneurj. — sel'gnlor-age,  re.  1. 
A  charge  made  by  a  government  for  coining  bullion;  also, 
the  difference  between  the  cost  of  bullion  and  the  face  value 
of  coin  made  from  it.  2.  A  royalty. — sel'gnior-y,  re.  The 
territory  or  jurisdiction  of  a  seignior;  a  manor;  lordship. 

seine1,  1  sen;  2  sen.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [seined;  sein'ing.]  To 
take  or  catch  with  a  seine;  fish  with  a  seine.  II.  re. 
Any  encircling  fish=net,  held  upright  in  the  water  by 
floats  and  weights,  to  be  hauled  by  its  ends  or  closed 
around  a  body  of  fish.    [  <  L.A9  sagena,  seine.] 

Seine5,  re.  1.  A  river  on  which  Paris  lies,  in  N.  W.  France: 
480  m.  to  English  Channel.  2.  A  department  in  N.  central 
France;  185  sq.  m.;  pop.  4,154,000;  capital,  Paris. 

seise,  sei 'sin.    See  seize,  seizin. 

sels'mic,  1  snis'mik;  2  sis'mic,  a.  Pertaining  to,  char- 
acteristic of,  or  produced  by  earthquakes.  [  <  Gr. 
seismos.  earthquake,  <  seid,  shake.]  sels'maU;  sels 'lut- 
eal t;  sels-mot'ict. 

seis'mo-,  1  sais'mo-;  2  sls'mo-.  From  Greek  seismos,  earth- 
quake: a  combin- 
ing form. — seis'- 
mo-graph,  re. 
An  instrument 
for  making  an 
automatic  record 
(sels 'mo-gram) 
ofanearthquake= 
shock.  —  seis- 
mog'ra-phy,  re. 
The  study  or  de- 
scri  p  tion  of 
earthquakes.  — 
sels  -  mog  '  ra  - 
pher,  re. — seis- 
mo-graph'ic,  a. 
—  seis-mol'o- 
gy,  re.  The  sci- 
ence of  earth- 
quake* phenome-  I 
na.  —  seis"mo- 
Iog'i-cal,  a. — 
seis-  mol  'o- 
gist,  n.  —  sels- 
mom'e-ter,  re. 
An  Instrument  for  measuring  the  intensity  and  direction  of 
an  earthquake»shock.  sels 'mo-scope  J.  —  sels-mom'e- 
try,  re.  The  scientific  recording  of  facts  regarding  earth- 
quake-phenomena. 

seiz(ep,  1  slz;  2  sez,  v.  [seiz(e)dp;  seiz'ing]  1. 1.  1.  To 
grasp  suddenly  or  forcibly;  clutch.  2.  To  take  posses- 
sion of  by  authority  or  force.  3.  To  come  upon  or  affect 
suddenly  and  powerfully.  4.  Law.  (1)  To  take  into  the 
custody  of  the  law  by  virtue  of  some  judicial  writ  or  or- 
der. (2)  To  put  in  possession;  possess;  as,  to  be  seized 
of  a  farm.  In  this  sense  commonly  written  by  law* 
writers  seise.  4.  Naut.  To  bind  by  turns  of  cord;  lash. 
II.  i.  To  take  or  lay  hold;  take  forcible  or  sudden  pos- 
session: with  on  or  upon.  [<  OHG.LL+p  sezzan,  set.] 
Syn.:  see  arrest;  catch;  grasp. — seiz'a-bl(cp,  o.—  selz'er, 
n.  1.  One  who  seizes,  in  any  sense.  2.  Law.  One  who  takes 
livery  of  seizin:  written  also  seizor,  seisor,  in  this  sense. — 
seiz'ing,  re.  1.  The  act  of  grasping  or  taking  forcible  pos- 
session. 2.  Naut.  (1)  The  process  of  fastening  by  turns  of 
cord.     (2)  Small  cord  used  in  making  such  fastenings. 

sei'zin,  \  1  si'zin;  2  se'zin,  n.  Law.   1.  The  possession  of 

sei 'sin,  )  land  under  a  claim  of  a  freehold.  2.  That  which 
is  possessed;  property.  3.  The  act  of  taking  possession. 
[<  V.saisine,  <  saisir;  see  seize] 

sci'zure,  1  si'sur;  2  se'zhur,  n.  1.  The  act  of  seizing.  2. 
A  sudden  or  violent  attack;  fit;  spell. 

Se-Ja'nus,  1  si-je'nus;  2  se-ja'nus,  Luelus  AHIus  (  -31).  A 
Roman  courtier  of  Tiberius;  executed. 

sel.,  niilir.    Selected,  selection. 

se'lali,  1  sl'la;  2  se'Ia,  re.  Bib.  A  word  of  unknown  meaning 
in  the  Psalms,  usually  considered  as  a  direction  to  readers 

Se-la'ohl-l,  1  si-le'ki-ol;  2  sc-lil'cl-i,  /;.  pi.  Ich.  A  division  of 
vertebrates,  including  the  sharks  and  rays  I  •  <:r,  selacttOS, 
shark. |     se-la'elil-an,  a.  A  n.—  sel'a-rliolil,  a    A  n 

sel '(loin,  1  sel'dem;  2  sCl'dom.  I||.  a.  Hare;  infrequent. 
II.  mie.  At  widely  separated  intervals,  as  of  time  or 
space;  infrequently,    [<  AS.  seldum,  <  Beta,  rare.] 

ge-lect',  1  Sl-lekt';  2  se-lfct'.  I'1.  Vt.  &  vi.  To  take  in 
preference  to  another  or  others;  pick  out;  choose,  II.  " 
1.  Chosen  in  preference  to  others;  taken  as  being  most 

fit    or    desirable.      2.    |('nllc»||    Inclusive.       |<     I,.    ,s. •-. 

apart,  +  leoo,  pick.]  Syn.:  (verb)  see  au.ot;  choose; 
(adjective)  see  choice;  excellent,  se-lec'tlon,  n.  I. 
The  act  ot  selecting;  onoloe,    'i.  Anything  selected-  a  col- 


Scicne 

sCllll.l 


in  i>        »      i  i         i       ...     .■      ..    .".     foil,  rule;  bot,  burn; 

.         .  i  .  ...  i  i  ...  u«>i.  or,  \\On, 


;tKi 


». 


-.  -i.  .    lit  .'Hi. ik  tu 

-.    -I.    .    '       Ml    III       . 

I 

.1.1  III  111.' 

\   iii  . I. cm.  :i! 

lid    Ileal         Soc 

se-le  iii-oii -. 

- 

ablnlng  lomu     -el  v-nm;  '- 

-.1  e-no  graph  k       -i-.  .1.         -.  I "i-niii  o-ic) .  n      rii.' 

1 1 .  selcnograph] 
-■  -i.    no-log  i.       -1-.  al, 


M  -I.     lil-lllii. 

i    ..-.-,  -I,   li    - 
r.i-ph>. 


-;  a  .  i-.i. 


\   .-it  >    of 


-  II.    I.        LSa 

II 


s,--hVshl-a 

I 

i?-280?  B.  C        \ 
established  (312  B    '       .. 
\     ,  Minor. 
■xcept  in  thi 
'i.  Pun';  unmixed:  applied  especially 
I .  In  ni.li\  idual  known 
the  subject  ..f  bis  own  consciousness; 
■  having  :i  distinct  personality  . 
iradvantagi  VS    ••'/) 

■..in  personal  pronouns  and  pronominal 
express  emphasis;   as,    I 
i«-<l  reflexlvely;  as,  be  has  hurt 
.   frequent    lnlii:il  element   In  compound 
of  a  verb  contained 
/•abhorrence  1 1  he  act  ..r 
times  it s  subject  or  agent, 
Its  own  power  .     Most  of 
■    no  definition  other  than  that  ..f  the 
it,  taken  in  connection  with  this  note, 
-ban'don-        seir-irrat'l-tl-ca'- 
tion 
self'-liclp'.  n. 
sclf'-lm-por'tant 

Belt*«ln-dul'gence 
seUMn-dul'gent 
aelf«knowl'edge 
seU">mov'mg 

Sclf'-mur'der 
self'-o-pln'lun-at" 

•o-pln'loned  Belf*«slaugh'ter 
aeir«per-plexed'       self'-sown' 
seir-plt'y  self.' 

Beir«pres'er-va'-      8elf«eup-port',  n. 

tion 
self  pre-oui  v'a- 

Belf*»pTO 

aelf"«pro-tec'tlon 

BeU*"re-cord'lng 

..ring  definition  will  be  found  below: 
•  it  iii  >!■ -K.i'tlon,  n.    The  complete  putting 

^••If  and  the  claims  Of  self  for  •■  ' 

Syn.:  BeU«control,  self-denial. 
Hon.  self-renunciation.  sebVeacrlAce.    Self»contTol  I 

'hin  due  limits  In  pleasures  and  duties,  as  In  all 
;,.•  giving  up 

irrendera  conscious  rl 

•  there   is  anything   to   Burrender. 

r.o  practised  very  litlli 
-  nuncialinn.     A  mother  will  care  for  a  sick 
••abnegation,  but  without  a  thought 
ration  of  self  to 

■.  readiness  for  any  needed 

term  of  all,  and  contemplates 

the  gift  of  .  made.    We  -peak  of  t  he  .,.  If-sacrtjici: 

•  r  term  would  be  feeble  or  Inappro- 

in,  sebVlndulgence,  self-will, 
-■if"  bin  i '.  r.  ewlth  an  attachment 

for  binding  -.  command,  n.    The  state 

of  having  all  tt.'  ;  powers  fully  and  effectively 

at  command:  n  than    •><• 

-.c. unpin  en  .  :  with  one- 

•niipl  icenc) ,     n       -.conceit,     n.       An    unduly 

high  optn  in  of  f  or  of  one's  own  ai.nitie- 

menta.  etc.;  set) 

tbm:  pRtr.f.     ■.•conceited,         ■•  (confidence,  n.    Con- 

•.  ••  u [.aided  powers,  lodgment. 
etc.    Synj  see  •  -    confident,  a 

-     c. ,n-i  Ion-,  I. 

by  others,  or  manifesting  such  consciousness.     '.■ 
Conscious  of  one's  existence;  having  the  faculty  of  being 


■  • 


sclf""<x>n'deni-na'- 

.  duct 
.  'ture 
Belf"«de-ti 

.uT-na'- 
self'>ex-plaln'iiig 


BeU*«reg'ls-ter-ing 
self"«reg'u-Iat"ing 

-elf  .r.'-miii  ei-a'- 

tlon 
self'Te-proach'.  n. 
self'-re-straint' 

scif-sat  ls-fac/tlon 
8elf*"seek'er 

selfVseek'lng,  a.  & 


Belf"«sup-port'lng 
Belf""sur-ren'der 

self'SUS-tained' 

self'-sus-tain'iiig 
self'-sus'te-natiec 
self-taught' 


Intent .  latency 

I     -.  c..ii-1-i.n.  ..  •      -.  contained, 

i    i      .  oughiH  ami  foellnga  t loself;  un 

I    i  elf«H  ontrol     -'t. 

npli  te  and  ludopendi  I    ow  n  motoi . 

im  n  bollci .  as 

'  idle  ii>. ii.        I .   i  he  contradict  lug  ■•(  om 

ots  Itself.— a.  contradictor) . 

-.  control,        Phi    ioi    now  1 1   oi  habli  ..t  ha\  Ing i'a 

faculi  lallj  the  Inclinations  and  emotions, 

under itr..l  ..f  I  he  w  III.  B0lf-C01 and       S\u.:  ....■   \u    m 

nencb:  seu    mim.;mii>\      s. •defense,  n    Defense  of  one- 
property,  or  one's  reputation      -.  denial,  n    The 
sol  ,.r  power  of  denying  oneself  gratification;  passive  aeU> 

li  e      Syn  :  boo    m.-i  isi  \.  i  i   n        s. 

denying,  a     Denying  oneself;  characterized  bj  ielf«denlal, 

•-.  devotion,  ■        rhe  devoting  of  oneself,  with  one's 

claims,  wishes,  ..r  Interests,  to  the  service  of  ■  person  ...  ;. 

Svii  :  ■-.  r  -ii  i    iDNBOATION       s.  c-lcelll,//      \  I 

opinion  of  oneself;  an  overestimate  of  oneself,  s.vn.:  see 
idi  ■••evident,  a.  Carrying  Its  evidence  or 
proof  in  itself;  requiring  no  proof  of  Its  truth  1,  evidence, 
-.  examination,  a,  An  Inquiry  Int ie's  own  condi- 
tion and  thoughts,  spiritual  gtate  and  controlling  motives. 
-.  existence,  ".  Inherent,  underlved,  Independent  exis- 
tence: an  attribute  of  <e»,i  ■••existent,  a  ■•  •govern- 
ment, n,  i.  Scif-coiuroi.  'i.  Qovernment  of  a  nation,  state, 
or  the  like  b]  Its  own  people.  ■••Induction,  n.  Elec,  The 
production  of  an  induced  or  extra  current  in  a  circuit  by 
the  variation  of  the  current  In  that  circuit,  especially  when 
it  Is  started  or  stopped,  b.  inductive,  a  -.  Interest,  n. 
Personal  interest  or  advantage,  or  the  principle  of  seeking 
it:  selfishness.  ■•  •Interested,  a.— selfless,  a.  Regard- 
leaa  of  Bell;  unseitish.  g.dove,  n.  Love  of  oneself;  the  de- 
sire or  tendency  thai   leads  one  to  seek  to  promote  bis  own 

well«belng.    Syn.:  see  bbli  ushnkss.    s.>made,  </.     Saving 
cd  honor,  wealth,  etc.,  bj  one's  own  efforts,    -eii  '- 
lies-,  n_    i.  self  i... r  (sometime     selfishness.    "*.  Per- 
sonal Identity;  Individuality;  personalit]      ■•  posse— ion, 

>i.  The  full  p..sses-ion  or  control  of  one's  powers  or  facul- 
ties; freedom  from  perturbation,  perplexity,  or  excitement; 
presence  of  mind;  self»commaiid;  composure.  s.=pos- 
■essed,  a.—  s.=reliauee,  n.  Reliance  on  one's  own  abili- 
ties, resources,  or  Judgment.  Syn.:  see  assurance. — s.« 
reliant,  a.  B.»respect,  n.  Such  a  regard  for  one's  own 
Character  as  Will  restrain  one  from  unworthy  action;  rational 
self>esteem.  Syn.:  see  pride.  B. 'righteous,  a.  Righteous 
In  one's  own  estimation;  Pharisaic.  s.=sacrlrlrc,  n.  The 
sacrifice  or  subordination  of  one's  own  self  or  one's  personal 
welfare  or  wi.-hes,  for  the  sake  of  duty  or  for  others'  good. 
Syn.:  see  selk»ahnki;ation\  —  selfsame",  a.  Exactly  the 
same;  Identical.  Syn.:  see  IDENTICAL,  self ';start"er,  n. 
Aii  Internal-combust  Ion  engine,  with  automatic  or  semiau- 
tomatic starting-mechanism. --s.tsiitllolent,  n.  1.  Having 
overweening  confidence  In  oneself;  hence,  arrogant;  over- 
bearing. 'I.  Sufficient  to  oneself;  not  needing  or  not  caring 
for  cooperation  or  companionship.  s.=sufBcingt.— s.s 
sufficiency,  n.  -8. •Will,  n.  Pertinacious  adherence  to 
one's  own  will  or  wish,  especially  with  disregard  of  the 
wishes  oT  others  s.;\ville<i,  a.  Headstrong;  obstinate. 
selfish,  1  selfish;  2  selfish,  a.  1.  Caring  chiefly  for  self 
or  for   one's   own  interests   or   comfort;    influenced   by 

personal  motives  to  the  disregard  of  the  welfare  or 
wishes  of  others.  '£.  Proceeding  from  or  characterized 
by  undue  love  of  self.  Syn.:  see  greedy. — self  lsh-ly,  adv. 
self  Ish-ness,  n.  The  quality  of  being  selfish;  undue  regard 
for  one's  own  interest,  regardless  of  others. 

Syn.:  self-love.    Si  lf-love  Is  a  due  care  for  one's  own  happi- 
ness   and    well-being,    which    Is    perfectly    compatible    wilh 

justice,  generosity,  or  benevolence  toward  others;  selfishness 

Is  an  undue  or  exclusive  care  for  one's  own  comfort  or 
pleasure,  regardless  of  the  happiness,  and  often  of  the  rights, 
Of  others.  cessary  to  high  endeavor,  and  even 

to  self-preservation;  setflSlttteSS  limits  endeavor  to  a  narrow 
circle  of  Intensely  personal  all  s.  destroys  all  tender  sym- 
pathies, and  is  ultimately  fatal  not  only  to  the  welfare  but  to 
the  happiness  of  him  who  cherishes  it. — Ant.:  see  synonyms 

for  BENEVOLENCE. 

Sel-Juk',  1  sel-juk';  2  sel-jok',  n.  A  member  of  one  of  several 
Turkish  dynasties  from  the  11th  to  the  13th  centuries.  [< 
Stljuk,  a  Turkish  chieftain.]  — Sel-ju'kl-an,  a. 

Sel'kirk,  1  sel'kurk:  2  sel'kirk,  Alexander  (1676-1721).  A 
Bcot '  l8h  sailor  who  lived  alone  four  years  on  Juan  Fernandez 
Island,  Pacific  ocean:  prototype  of  RcMntson  Crusoe. 

Md'klrk  moun'tatns.     A  range  in  s    E.  British  Columbia. 

sell,  1 1  sel;  2  s8l,  vt.  &  vi.    [bold;  szliAng.]    l.Totrans- 

sel1',  (  f.-r  property  to  another  for  valuable  consideration 

or  contract  to  do  so;  dispose  of  by  sale.     2.  To  give  up 

for,  or  as  for,  a  price  or  reward;  as,  to  sell  one's  country  or 

-nil.     :{.  To  find  a  market,;  bring  a  price;  be  sold, 

I''  as    .//</■  -el;.    Syn.:  see  convey. — sell'er,  n. 

-ell  ,  a  1.  An  elevated  seat;  an  honorable  place;  also,  any 
s.-at.    Z,  A  saddle.   [<  F.  selle,  <  L.  sella,  seat,  <  sedeo,  slt.J 


1:  a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    In  =  feud;    cTlin;    go;    n  =  8ino;    (bin,   this. 
707        2:  wplf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,   bOrn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


Selene 
senna 


Selt'zer,  )  1  selt'sar,  sel'tarz;  2  selt'ser,  sel'ters.,  n.    An  effer- 

Sel'ters,  S  vescing  mineral  water,  originally  from  Nieder 
Selters,  a  village  in  Prussia.    Selt'zer  wa'terf. 

sel'vage,  1  sel'vij;  2  sel'vag,  n.  1.  The  edge  of  a  woven 
fabric  so  finished  that  it  will  not  ravel.  2.  An  edge.  [  < 
MD.  selfegge,  <  self,  self,  +  egge,  edge.]     sel'vedget. 

selves,  1  selvz;  2  selvg,  re.    Plural  of  self,  re. 

Sem.,  abbr.    Seminary,  Semitic. — sem.,  abbr.    Semicolon. 

sem'a-pnore,  1  sem'a-for;  2  sem'a-for,  re.  An  apparatus 
for  making  signals,  as  with  movable  arms,  disks,  flags, 
or  lanterns;  a  signal=telegraph.  [<  Gr.  sema,  sign,  + 
phero,  bear.]— sem"a-phor'ic,  a.    sem"a-phor'i-calt. 

sem'bla-blel],  1  sem'bla-bl;  2  sem'bla-bl,  a.  Resembling; 
similar,    sem'bla-tivef.— sem'bla-bly,  adv. 

sem'blance,  1  sem'blans;2sem'blanc,  re.  1.  A  mere  show 
without  reality;  pretense.  2.  Outward  appearance; 
looks.  3.  A  pictorial  representation;  a  likeness;  image. 
[F.]    Syn.:  see  analogy;  image;  picture;  pretense. 

Sem'e-le,  1  sem'i-li;  2  sem'e-le,  n.  Class.  Myth.  Trie  mother 
of  Dionysos  by  Zeus.  _ 

se'men1,  1  sl'men;  2  se'men,  re.  1.  The  impregnating  fluid 
of  male  animals.     2.  Bot.     Seed.    [L.,  <  sero,  sow.] 

se'men2,  re.    A  kind  of  clarified  butter  made  by  the  Bedouins. 

se-mes'ter,  1  si-mes'tar;  2  se-mgs'ter,  n.  A  college  half* 
year,  as  in  various  universities  of  the  United  States  and 
continental  Europe.  [  <  L.F  semestris,  <  sex,  six,  + 
mensls,  month.] — se-mes'tral,  a. 

sem'I-,  1  sem'i-;  2  sem'i-,  prefix.  Half;  partly.  [<  L.  semi-, 
half.]— sem"l-an'nu-al,  a.  Half=yearly.  -ly,  adv.—  sem'- 
1-breve",  re.  Mus.  A  note  equal  to  half  a  breve;  a  whole 
note. — sem  'I-cir"cle,  n.  1.  A  half=circle;  an  arc  or  a  seg- 
ment of  180°.  2.  Any  semicircular  structure. — sem"i-rir'- 
cu-lar,  a.— sem"l-clr-cum 'fer-ence,  re.  One  half  of  a 
circumference. — sem"l-civ'i-llzed,  a.  Partly  civilized. — 
sem'i-co"lon,  re.  A  mark  (;)  of  punctuation,  indicating 
a  greater  degree  of  separation  than  the  comma. — sem"l-de- 
tached',  a.  Half  detached:  said  of  two  houses  built  to- 
gether with  one  common  wall. — sem"i-dl-am'e-ter,  n. 
Half  of  a  diameter. — sem"I-flu'id.  I.  a.  Fluid,  but  thick 
and  viscous.  II.  re.  A  thick,  viscous  fluid. — sem"i-flu- 
Id'lc,  a. — sem"i-Iu'nar,  a.  Resembling  or  shaped  like  a 
half=moon;  crescentic.  sem"i-lu'natet. — sem^l-month'- 
ly.  I.  a.  Taking  place  twice  a  month.  II.  re.  A  publica- 
tion issued  twice  a  month.  III.  adv.  At  half=mont,hly  in- 
tervals.— sem"l-pre  'clous,  a.  Valuable,  but  not  suffi- 
ciently so  to  be  used  as  gems;  as,  semiprecious  stones. — 
sem'I-qua"ver,  re.  Mies.  A  sixteenth  note. — sem'l-torie, 
n.  Mus.  Half  a  major  tone.— scm"l-ton'lc,  a.— sem"I- 
vo'cal,  a.  Pertaining  to  a  semivowel. — sem"l-vow 'el,  n. 
A  sound  having  the  character  of  both  a  vowel  and  a  eon- 
sonant,  and  used  as  either,  as  w  or  y. — sem"l-week'ly. 
I.  a.  Issued  or  recurring  twice  a  week.  II.  re.  A  publica- 
tion issued  twice  a  week.    III.  adv.   At  half»weekly  intervals. 

sem'i-nal,  1  sem'i-nal;  2  sgm'i-nal,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to 
or  containing  seeds,  germs,  or  primal  elements;  having 
productive  power;  germinal;  propagativc.  2.  Not  de- 
veloped; embryonic;  rudimentary.  [OF.,  <  L.  scmi- 
nnlis,  <  semen,  seed.] 

scm"l-nar',  1  senTi-nar';  2  sem"i-nar',  re.  1.  A  group  of 
students  pursuing  an  advanced  course  of  study  in  a  college 
or  with  a  special  teacher.  2.  The  course  of  study  so  pur- 
sued.   [G.,  <  L.  seminarium;  see  seminary,  re.] 

sem'i-na-ry,  1  sem'i-ne-n;  2  sem'i-na-ry.  I.  a.  1. 
Seminal.  2.  Pertaining  to  a  seminary.  II.  n.  [-rikkz, 
pi.]  1.  A  special  school,  as  of  theology;  also,  a  school  of 
higher  education.  2.  Same  as  beminar.  3.  The  place 
where  anything  is  nurtured.  4.  A  seminary  priest.  |  < 
F.seminaire,  <  L.  seminarium,  seed-plot.]    Syn.:  see  .school. 

sem"i-na'tlon||,  1  sem'i-nS'Shan;  2  sem'l-nfi'shon,  n.  1.  The 
act  of  sowing  or  spreading;  dispersion  of  seeds.  'i\.  Propa- 
gation.    [<  L.  scminallo(n-),  <  semen,  seed.] 

Sem'l-nole,  1  sem'i-nol;  2  sem'i-nol,  n.  A  member  of  a 
Florida  tribe  of  American  Indians. 

Se-mlr'a-mls,  1  si-mlr'o-mls;  2  se-mir'a-mls,  n.  The  legen- 
dary wife  and  sue  lessor  of  Ninus,  founder  of  Nineveh. 

Sem'ltc,  1  sem'alt;  2  sem'It.  I.  a.  Semitic.  II.  n.  One  of 
the  Semitic  race.    [<  LL.  Sem,  <  Gr.  Sim,  Shem.] 

Sc-mlt'ic,  1  si-mit'lk;  2  86-mlt'ie.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to 
the  descendants  of  Snem,  including  Assyrians,  Hebrews, 
Phenicians,  Arabs,  Abyssinians,  etc.  II.  .  re.  The 
Semitic  languages  collectively. 

Sem-lln',  1  Sem-lln';  2scni-lin'.n  A  town  In  Austria-Hun- 
gary, on  the  Danube,  opposite  Belgrade;  pop.  17,000. 

Semm»s,lsemz:  g sems.  Raphael (1809-1877).  An  American 
Confederate  commander,  captain  of  the  cruiser  Alabama. 

Sem'paeh,  1  zem'pfm;  2  gfim'paH,  n.  a  town  in  central 
Switzerland,  where  the  Swiss  defeated  the  Austrlans,   I  Use,. 

sem"pl-ter'nal,  1  sem'pi-tOr'nel;  2  sem'pl-ter'nal,  «.  En- 
during  or  existing  to  all  eternity;  everlasting.  [<  I..'' 
semj)ilernii::,  everlasting]  Syn.:  see  immortal;  PEBPBTUAL. 
— sem"pl-ter'nl-ty$,  re. 

semp'strcss,  1  semp'stres;  2  semp'stres,  n.    A  seamstress. 


Sen.,  abbr.    Senate,  Senator. — Sen.,  Senr.,  abbr.    Senior. 

sen'a-ry,  1  sen'a-ri;  2  sen'a-ry,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
six;  containing  six  units.    [  <  L.  senarius,  <  sex,  six.] 

sen 'ate,  1  sen'it;  2  sen'at,  n.  1.  [S-]  That  branch  of 
various  legislative  bodies,  as  of  the  United  States, 
France,  and  Italy,  which  is  designed  to  be  the  more 
stable  or  conservative,  as  the  United  States  Senate, 
formed  of  two  Senators  from  each  State.  2.  [S-]  In 
ancient  Rome,  the  state  council.  3.  The  governing 
body  of  some  universities  and  institutions  of  learning. 
4.  A  legislative  body;  council.  5.  Any  body  of  vener- 
able or  distinguished  men.  [  <  L.F  senatus,  <  senex, 
old.] — sen'a-tor,  n.  A  member  of  a  senate.— sen"a-to 'ri- 
al, a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  befitting  a  senator  or  senate.  2. 
[S-]  [U.S.]  Entitled  to  elect  a  Senator,  as  a  district. — sen"- 
a-to'ri-al-ly,  adv.—  sen'a-tor-ship,  n. 

send,  1  send;  2  sSnd,  v.  [sent;  send'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
cause  or  direct  to  go  or  pass ;  authorize  to  go  and  act ;  dis- 
patch. 2.  To  cause  to  be  conveyed  to  another  place; 
forward.  3.  To  impel  or  drive  by  force;  throw;  cast; 
hurl.  4.  To  cause  to  come,  fall,  or  befall;  grant;  inflict; 
bestow.  5.  To  cause  to  become  or  be;  grant  to  be; 
make;  drive;  as,  Heaven  send  you  well!  his  troubles  sent 
him  mad.  6.  To  cause  to  glance  or  gaze ;  direct.  II.  i.  To 
dispatch  an  agent,  message,  etc.  [  <  AS.  sendan,  send.] 
Syn.:  cast,  delegate,  depute,  dispatch,  discharge,  dismiss, 
emit,  fling,  forward,  hurl,  Impel,  lance,  launch,  project, 
propel,  sling,  throw,  transmit.  Send  in  its  most  common 
use  involves  personal  efficiency  without  personal  presence; 
according  to  the  adage,  "If  you  want  your  business  done, 
go;  if  not,  send";  one  sctids  a  letter  or  a  bullet,  a  messenger 
or  a  message.  In  all  the  derived  uses  this  same  idea  con- 
trols; if  one  sends  a  ball  into  his  own  heart,  the  action  is 
away  from  the  directing  hand,  and  he  is  viewed  as  the 
passive  recipient  of  his  own  act;  it  is  with  an  approach  to 
personification  that  we  speak  of  the  bow  sending  the  arrow 
or  the  gun  the  shot.  To  dispatch  is  to  send  hastily  or  very 
promptly,  ordinarily  with  a  destination  in  view;  to  dismiss 
is  to  send  away  from  oneself  without  reference  to  a  desti- 
nation; as,  to  dismiss  a  clerk,  an  application,  or  an  annoying 
subject.  To  discharge  is  to  send  away  so  as  to  relieve  a  per- 
son or  thing  of  a  load;  we  discharge  a  gun  or  discharge  the 
contents;  as  applied  to  persons,  discharge  is  a  harsher  term 
than  dismiss.  To  emit  is  to  send  forth  from  within,  with 
no  reference  to  a  destination;  as,  the  sun  emits  light  and 
heat.  Transmit,  from  the  Latin,  is  a  dignified  term,  often 
less  vigorous  than  the  Saxon  send,  but  preferable  at  times 
in  literary  or  scientific  use;  as,  to  transmit  the  crown,  or  (lie 
feud,  from  generation  to  generation;  to  transmit  a  charge 
of  electricity.  Transmit  fixes  the  attention  more  on  the  in- 
tervening agency,  as  send  does  upon  the  points  of  departure 
and  destination. — Ant.:  bring,  carry,  convey,  get,  give, 
hand,  hold,  keep,  receive,  retain. — Prep.:  to  send  from  the 
hand  to  or  toward  (rarely  at)  a  mark;  send  to  a  friend  lig  a 
messenger  or  by  mail;  send  a  person  into  banishment;  send  a 
shell  among  the  enemy. — send'er,  n. 

send,  n.  [Dial]  1.  The  flow  or  impulse  of  the  waves.  2.  Naut. 
Same  as  scend.  3.  A  messenger.  4f.  Something  sent;  a 
message;  also,  a  gift;  present. 

sen'dal  ,  1  sen'dal;  2  sen'dal,  n.  A  light,  thin,  silken  stuff, 
formerly  much  used  for  dress,  banners,  etc.  [OF.,  <  LL. 
sendal,  fine  linen]    cen'dalt;  san'dalf;  sen'da-llnet. 

Sen'e-ca1,  1  sen'i-ks;  2  sen'e-ca,  n.  A  member  of  an  Iro- 
QUOian  tribe  of  North»Americau  Indians. 

Sen'e-ca?,  1  seivVka;  2  sen'e-ca,  Lurius  Annaeus  (3  B   C. 
A.  D.  65).     A  Roman  Stoic  philosopher  and  statesman. 

Sen"c-Kal',  1  sen"i-geT;  2  sen"e-gal'.  n.  A  river  (1,000  m, 
to  the  Atlantic)  and  a  colony  (74,000  sq.m.;  pop.  1.172,000) 
of  French  V/est  Africa. 

se-nes'cent,  1  si-ncs'ent;2  se-nes'ent,  a.  1.  Growing  old. 
2.  Characteristic  of  old  age.  [  <  L.  senesco,  be  aged,  < 
senis,  old.]— sc-nes'ccnce,  n. 

scn'e-sehal,  1  sen's-shal;  2  sPn'e-shal,  n.  1.  An  official  in 
the  household  of  a  medieval  prince  or  noble  who  had 
charge  of  feasts,  etc.;  a  Steward.      '!.   A    magistrate  or 

military  commander,  3.  [Eng.]  A  cathedral  official,  |<  >!''., 
<  LL.  senescalcus,  steward.] 
se'llile,  )  1  si'iidil  or  -nil;  2  se'nll  or  -nil,  a.    Pertaining  to 
se'nil",  I  or  characteristic  of  old  age;   infirm;  weak;  dol- 
ing.   [OF.,  <  L.  senilis,  <  sni.c.r,  old.] — se-nll'1-ty,  n. 
se'nior,  1  sin'yar  or  si'ni-ar;  2  BSn'j  or  "/  BS'ni-or,      I.  a. 

I.  Older  in  years  or  office:  abbreviated  8r.  or  .sV/t.    2. 
[U.  S.]  Pertaining  to  the  closing  Jlege  course. 

II.  //.    I.  Our  older  iii  year   "i  office,  oi  more  advanced 
in  rani  than  another,    '!.  (I'.  S.]  A  member  of  a  senior 

1  i        1 1 1  .  compar.  or  s<  »<  x,  old  I    se"iii-or'i-(> ,  » 
gen 'lac.  l  sen'lak;  2  sfin'lae,  «.    See  Hastings,  Battlk  of 

Scn"lls\   1  siih"ll';  2  san'U',  ".      A   (own  In   N'.   trance;  30  in. 

from  Paris;  reached  by  German  army,  Sept,  2,  1914 

seil'na,  1  sen';,;  2  sen 'a,  n.  A  plant  "I  the  I  ican  family,  or 
its  dried  leaves  used  as  a  purge.    [  <  Ar.  aena  ] 


Sennftrht>f1b   |    a  «••     fat.  fire;  hi  I  i    •:    ol>ey,  Rfl;   imt.flr;   full.  rOlc;   lull,  bOrn; 

Sequoia  irt.  i        «      '    .  ta.-.t.  »hat.  gii.      •  Mi,  i.-.,  i     8;  I     8;  gO>  nftt,  ftr,  w6n,708 


■  it,,  i 

1'  destine. 

I  led  oil  il 

i  .   :,  mark  1 

M   II     llUlll. 

v    .  .  »cn  m  i 

•  .null.  I 

.'.  Plaited 

tleman;  Mr  .  sir:  used 
I 

s..-no  r  i.    .      '■  Mr-.;  madam       sc'iWrl- 

,  1 1. .ii.  Iioi  I.  rho  oon- 

thc  stimulation  of  some 

h  produce*  interest  or  e\- 

!.   '•       ■  ditioo  of  miiiil 

■  Minium.       [I-'.,  <    L. 

■  is  the 
i.>  :i  bodily  affcetloi 
ognltton  uf  some  extern*] 

Marlon;  the  »<  tuatton 
ol  n  Ore,  While 
sthj  .  mected  with  I  he  body,  emotions,  as  Joy, 

'  -in-  mind.    "  As  the  most  ol  them 
•tuitions]  are  posftrt -i-iv  agreeable  or  the  opposite,  thej 
are  nearly  al  hope  or  terror,  or  those 

;  .W-:   •.-    :L-  ar.kvr  and  rnvy.  which  an-  acknowledged  bj  all 
Ij  to  the  spirit,  and  to  Involve  no  relation 
wha''  -  or  the  bodll]  organism,    such 

are  not  Infrequently  styli  though  Impr. 

Poam  I  112,  p.  128.    h'niiwj  la  a  general 

popularly  denoting  what  is  felt,  whether  through  tin- 
body  or  by  the  mind  alone,  and  Inotudi 
rmo:.  Is  an  organ  or  faculty  of  sensation  or  of 

perception.    9 

seii-sa'llon-al,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  emotional  excite- 
ment '!.  Pi  '""ii  .'{.  Causing  un- 
natural   emotional    excitement;    melodramatic;    tra 

M  ii--  i  i|..ii-.il-Um,    a,       1.   PhUot.   The    theory    thai    all 

Ion  or  consists  ol  modified 
scn-sa'tion-lsm.;  senslsmt;  sen'su- 

ji-i-m:    ■  ipprobrious],   '.'-  f  sensational  methods, 

as  In  writing,  speaking,  etc.— sen-sa'tlon-al-lsl,  n. 
M'li-i  .  I.  learn  or  know  through  the 

1 1.         1.  The  faculty  oi  aei 

-.1  faculties  of  sensation;  specifi- 

.  any  one  of  the  ti .  right,  hearing,  smell, 

.  and  touch.  3.  Bodily  feeling  in  general,  especially 

pleasure  or  pain.    4.  Rational  peroep- 

tCOOmpanied   by   feeling;   realization.      5.    Normal 

r  of  mind  or  understanding;  sound  or  natural  judg- 

'    as,  the  fellow  has  no  sen.-. :  often  in  the  plural;  as, 

.mg  to  her  sense*.     6.  Signification;  import; 

ing.     7.  A  consensus  of  opinion;  judgment  ol  the 

v  .    at  which  commends  itself  to  the  under- 

g  in  accordance  with   reason  and  good 

9.  Oeom,  One  of  two  opposite  direct 

b  a  magnitude  may  be  described  or  generated.     [  < 
is,  <  L.  inutu,  <  sensus.  pp  of   tntio,  feel  |    E 
rsaxaro;  mutd;  benbatiom;  wrarx  ih      sense 'less,  a.    With- 
ous;  also,  fooliah;  meaningless.    Syn.:  see 
-.  n-eiess-ness,  n.     Syn.:  see  idhh  n 
M  ii   -i-bU'i-ty,     1     uen'm-bil'i-ti;    2    seV'si-biri-ty.     n. 
-',  pi.]     1.  Tlie  capability  of  sensation;  power  to 
2.     Psychol.     The  capacity  oi 
not.  motion,  as  distinguished  from  intellect 

and  will.    3.  Susceptibility  to  outside  influi 

tbUUV,   in  the  phllo- 

the  capacity  or  emotion  or  feeling 
■     eel  and  the  win.    (<  lompare 

In  popular  use 
timea  capacity  of  feeling  of  any  kind;  :i 
YUUu  to  h<-at  or  cold:  sometimes,  a  peculiar  read 
be  the  sub,-  ;,  especially  of  the  higher  fi 

as.  the  sensibility  of  the  artist  or  the  poet ;  a  person  of  great 
DC  sensibility.     Sensittsem  ;,l   dell- 

f  i'n.ribilily.  ready  to  be  ■ 

'  -       ■     ee,  in  the  sensitive>plant. 

tihilil'j  1-  rather  a  take  lip,  receive,  and.  as  It 

tain  feellntr. 
bilily  L-  capable  ol  being  not  only  readily  but  deeply  moved: 
Ifl  more  superficial,  tutceptttrtttty  more  pervad- 
ing.   Thus.  In  physic*,  the  scnsitlvem      of  a  magnetic  needle 
ease  with  which  It  may  be  deflected,  as  by  another 
magnet;  Its  susceptibility  Is  the  degree  to  which  It  can  be 
:    by   a   given   magnetic   force   or   the   amount    Ol 
magm-Usm  It  will  hold.    So  a  person  of  great  sensitiveness  Is 
I  ly  and  keenly  affected  by  any  external  Influence,  as  by 
-  ridicule,  while  a  [c-rson  of  great  suscepttbtir 
Uy  Is  not  only  touched,  but  moved  to  his  inmost  soul     Bee 


plant. 

a.  >  lr«f;  b,  tho  fruit. 


iiiiis..      Ant    coldness,  deadneaa,  hardness,  Insensibility, 
numbness,  unoonsolousni 
sen  si-iii  (.'',  i  ,,,  i,  i  i, i.  .,     i.  Posa    ad  ol 

g I   mental   perception;  exhibiting  sound  sen 

judgment;  discroot      2.  Capable  ol  physical  tensation; 

live     8.  Appreciable     t.  Capable  of  being  acted  on 

through  the  emotions;  mentally  sensitive     5.  Having  ■ 

i              a  or  oi  nit  ion,  luiiv  aware;  pel  luadi  d   with  oj 
{.sensitive  to  minute  oha  set  oi*s s;  i  kpi 

mi  si    r. 1 1 1 1  n.t  \  i    phtbical;  iaoa s;  wiai      len'sl- 

Mt".        i    \    ubstanoe  capable  of  being  felt  or  observed. 
8,  \    .Hi  lent  being     8.  a/iu  The  leading  note,  the  seventh 

Of    :i    SI     I.         sensible    mile  or    liine:.       scn's|.|)|>,   ,/,/t 

sen 'si* tit  e*i  1  sen'ai-tfc  tv,         I.  Ea  lily  af- 

i  ij   ..in    ids  I  ipei  it  ion  i  or  inllu- 

eaoes;    excitable    or   impressible;    in 

photography,  oapableof  beingohanged 

ted  upon  bj  light    '!.  I 'ei i airung 

to  the  senses  or  sensation.    :i{.    Wl  e; 

Mollll  I  ,  So- 
lll  i  sen  's|-t|i  e-l>  .  sen  's|- 
tl\  e-ness  ,  .,  sen"s|-(h 'l-t>  ;.  Syn .: 
see       HI  lis...       -I   ssllin.lTV.          sell 'sl- 

thcpiant",    n,     a    shrubby    tropical 
herb,  whose  leaves  close  al  a  touch 

sen'sl-tUe,  if       [-ii/in,    -TB»IM0.]     To  ].|,)W1.rlritr    Branch 

render  sensitive;  specif.  {Phot  ,),  to  make      (|f  ,||(.  S(  h 

sensitive  to  light,  as  a  plate  or  film. — 
scn"si-(i-/.'i'tinn,  n.    ien'sl-tii"er, n. 

scn-so'ri-iiiii,    1    scn-so'n-uni;    2   Ben- 

so'ri-um,  n.  [-HI-A,  ;i/.]  1.  The  nervous  .system,  in- 
cluding the  cerebrum,  as  tho  collective  organ  of  sensa- 
tion, '*.  Biol  The  sensory  apparatus.  [I.I..,  <  L. 
tenuis;  see  sbnbb.]  sen'so-ry.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  the 
Mum  or  to  sensation,  sen-so'rl-alj.  II.  n.  [-RIBS81, 
pi.]     A  sense-organ:  a  faculty  of  sensation 

sen'su-al,  1  senrshu-8l;2  sSn'shu-al,  a,  1.  Unduly  indul- 
gent to  the  appetites;  exhibiting  a  predominance  of  the 
animal  nature;  hud.  'I.  Pertaining  to  the  body  or  the 
senses;  carnal:  opposed  to  spiritual,  ii.  Pertaining 
to  sensationalism:  usually  opprobrious.  Syn.:  see  bbutish. 
— sen'sn-al-isin.  n.  1.  Sensuality.  '!.  Pnuos.  A  debased 
sensationalism.  :i.  Ktiiics.  A  Bystem  holding  the  pleasures 
of  sense  to  be  the  highest  good,  t.  Esiltel  Emphasis  of  the 
sensuous  elements  of  beauty,  rather  than  the  Ideal,  sen'- 
su-al-lst,  n.  1.  a  sensual  person.  'I.  An  advocate  ol  sen- 
suallsm. — sen"su-al-ls'tle,  a.  scn'Su-al'l-ty,  n,  The 
stale  of  being  sensual;  sensual  or  animal  Indulgence  sen  '- 
su-al-nessj.  sen'su-al-lze  or -Ise,  //.  *  rf.  [-izkp;  -i/."- 
ini;.1  To  debase  by  or  Indulge  In  sensuality.  sen"su-al-l- 
za'[or  -sa'Jtlon,  n.— sen'su-al-ly,  adv. 

sen 'su-OUS,  1  sen'sliu-us;  2  sfin'shu-u.s,  a.  1.  Pertaining 
to  or  derived  from  the  senses:  used  in  a  higher  and  purer 
sense  than  sensual.  2.  Keenly  appreciative  of  beauty, 
refinement,  or  luxury,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

sent,  1  sent;  2  sPnt,  imp.  &  pp.  of  BEND,  i . 

gen'tence,  1  sen'tens;  2  s6n't£nQ.  I.  vt.  fsEN'TENCEn'; 
Bl  n'tknc-ing.]  To  pass  sentence  upon.  II.  n.  I. 
Gram.  A  related  group  of  words  containing  a  subject 
and  a  predicate  with  their  modifiers,  and  expressing  a 
complete  thought.  2.  Law.  A  final  judgment;  penalty 
pronounced  upon  a  person  convicted,  •!.  A  determi- 
nation; opinion.  4.  An  instructive  saying;  a  maxim. 
IF..  <  L.  sententia.  opinion.]  Syn.:  (verb)  see  CONDEMN. 
sen'tenc-er,  n.  One  who  pronounces  sentence.  —  sen- 
tential, i.  1.  Gram.  Pertaining  to  a  sentence.  2-t.  Author- 
itative: decisive. — sen-ten 'tlous,  a.  1.  Abounding  In  terse 
sentences  or  maxims;  axiomatic.  2.  Habitually  using  terse, 
laconic,  or  axiomatic  language.  Syn.:  see  terse.— sen- 
ten'tlous-ly,  adv.—  sen-ten 'tlous-ncss,  n.~ scn-tcn"- 
tl-os'1-ty,  n. 

sen'tl-ent,  1  sen'sTu-ent;  2  sPn'shi-^nt.  I.  a.  Possessing 
liowers  of  sense  or  senscpercept  ion;  having  sensation  or 
feeling:  opposed  to  inanimate  and  vegetal.  II.  n.  One 
capable  of  sensation  or  perception.  [<  L.  sentio  (ppr. 
senUen(l-)s).  feel.]— sen'tl-ent-lj.  adi 

sen 'ti-mi'iit,  1  sen'ti-ment  <<r  -ment;  2  sSn'ti-ment,  n. 
1.  Noble,  tender,  or  art! -tie  feeling,  or  susceptibility  to 
such  feeling;  also,  its  expression.  2.  Psychol.  Thatform 
of  feeling  in  which  the  soul  responds  to  the  good  as  it 
come-  to  man  directly  through  his  rational  nature; 
rational  feeling.  .'{.  A  feeling  of  personal  sympathy  or 
admiration  toward  one  of  the  opposite  sex,  as  distin- 
guished from  love  or  pa-.-ion.  4.  An  opinion  or  judg- 
ment; expres-ive  thought:  often  in  the  plural.  5.  An 
expressive  thought  or  idea  dressed  in  appropriate  lan- 
guage, as  a  toast  aptly  uttered.  [F.,  <  L.LL  sentio, 
fee]  |  Syn.:  see  keki.ivo;  idea.  sen"tl-men'tal,  a.  Char- 
acterized by  sentiment:  emotional,  often  to  excess.  Syn.:  see 
romantic.  —  8en"tl-men'tal-lsm,  sen"tl-men-tal'l-ty, 
n.    The  state  of  being  sentimental,  or  Its  manifestation. — 


l:ft=  final;    Inhabit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;     lu  =  feud;    chin;    go;    Q-Bmg;    Chin,    this.  Sennacherib 
7092:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil.  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin.    this.  Sequoia 


sen"ti-men'tal-lst,  re.— sen"tl-men'tal-lze,  vt  &  vi. 
[-ized;  -iz"ing.]  To  affect  with  sentiment;  cherish  sentimen- 
tality.   sen"tl-men'tal-lset.— sen"ti-men'tal-ly,  adv. 

sen'tl-nel,  1  sen'ti-nel;  2  sen'ti-nel,  re.  One  who  guards 
against  surprize;  hence,  any  watcher  or  guard.  [  <  F. 
sentinelle,  ult.  <  L.  semita,  path.] 

sen'try,  1  sen'tn;  2  sen'try,  re.  [sen'tries2,  pi.]  1.  A  senti- 
nel. 2.  The  watch  kept  by  a  sentinel.  [<  OF.  senterel, 
dim.  of  senlier,  path,  <  L.  semita,  path.]—  sen'trysbox", 
re.    A  small  house  to  shelter  a  sentry  from  the  weather. 

Se-oul',  1  se-ul';  2  se-ul',  n.  A  city,  capital  of  Chosen;  pop. 
303,000.    Se-ul't."  [tuagint. 

sep.,  abbr.     Separate.— Sep.,  Sept.,  abbr.    September,  Sep- 

sep'al,  1  sep'al;  2  s£p'al,  re.  One  of  the  individual  leaves 
of  a  calyx.  [  <  L.  separ,  separate.] — sep'a-lin(e8,  sep'- 
a-lous,  a.    Having  sepals. 

sep'a-rate,  1  sep'a-ret;  2  sgp'a-rat,  v.  [-RAT"EDd;  -rat"- 
ing.]  1. 1.  1.  To  destroy  the  connection  of  and  remove 
from  another;  dissever.  2.  To  occupy  a  position  be- 
tween; keep  apart.  3.  To  consider  separately.  TL.i.  To 
be  disconnected.     [  <  L.  se-,  apart,  +  vara,  prepare.] 

Syn.:  alienate,  detach,  disconnect,  disenagage.  disjoin,  dis- 
sever, disunite,  divide,  part,  remove,  sever,  split,  sunder, 
withdraw.  See  abstract. — Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  mix. 
— sep'a-ra-bl(ep.  a.  Capable  of  being  separated  or  di- 
vided.—  sep"a-ra-bH'i-ty,  a.  sep'a-ra-bl(e-nessJ":t. — 
sep  'a-ra-bly ,  adv . — sep"a-ra  'tion,  re.  1.  The  act  or  process 
of  separating;  division.  3.  The  state  of  being  disconnected. 
Syn.:  see  seclusion. — sep'a-ra-tist,  re.  One  who  advocates 
or  upholds  separation;  a  seceder;  dissenter. — sep'a-ra- 
tism,  re.— sep'a-ra-tist,  a.— sep'a-ra"tlv(e»,  a.  Tending  to 
or  inducing  separation;  useful  in  separating.  sep'a-ra- 
to-ryt. — sep'a-ra"tor,  re.  One  who  or  that  which  sepa- 
rates.— sep'a-ra"trix,  re.  A  separating  point  or  line;  deci- 
mal point.  —  sep"a-ra 'turn,  re.  [-ta,  pi.]  A  paper  pub- 
lished separately  from  a  series  to  which  it  belongs.    [L.j 

sep'a-rate,  1  sep'a-nt;  2  sep'a-rat,  a.  1.  Existing  or  con- 
sidered apart  from  others:  unconnected.  2.  Disem- 
bodied. 3 1| .  Separated;  disjointed.  Syn.:  see  particular. 
— sep'a-rate-ly,  adv. — sep'a-rate-ness,  re. 

se'pi-a,  1  si'pi-a;  2  se'pi-a.  I.  a.  Executed  in  or  colored 
like  sepia;  dark=brown  with  a  tinge  of  red.  II.  n.  1.  A 
reddish»brown  pigment  prepared  from  the  ink  of  the 
cuttlefish;  the  color  of  this  pigment.  2.  A  picture  done 
in  this  pigment.  3.  The  ink  of  the  cuttlefish.  4.  A 
cuttlefish;  cuttlebone.     [L.,  <  Gr.  sepia,  cuttlefish.] 

se'poy,  1  si'pei;  2  se'poy,  re.  A  native  East=Jndian  soldier 
equipped  and  trained  in  European  style.  [Ult.  <  Per. 
stpdhl,  <  sipdh,  soldiers.]  [L.,  <  Gr.  seps,  lizard.] 

seps,  1  seps;   2  seps,  re.    A  serpenMlzard  of  the  genus  Seps. 

sep'sis,  1  sep'sis;  2  sSp'sis,  re.  1.  Poisonous  putrefaction. 
2.  Infection  from  a  putrescent  virus  containing  micro* 
organisms.     [  <  Gr.  sepsis,    <  sepo,  make  putrid.] 

sept,  1  sept ;  2  sept,  re.  A  branch  of  a  race  or  tribe  ruled  by 
a  hereditary  chief;  clan.     [Corr.  of  sect,  n.] 

sept-,  1  1  sept-,  sep'ta-,  sep' tern-,   sep'ti-;  2  sept-, 

sep'ta-,      '  sfip'ta-,  sfip't§m-,  sep'ti-.     From  Latin  sep- 

sep 'tern-,  ("  tern,   seven:    combining   forms.  —  sep'tan- 

sep'ti-,  1  gle,  re.  A  heptagon. — sep-tan'gu-lar,  a. 
Heptagona!.— sep"tl-lat'er-al,  a.    Seven-sided. 

sep'tal1,  1  sep'tal;  2  sep'tal,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  forming  a 
septum  or  septa;  as,  the  septal  cartilage  of  the  nose. 

sep'tal2,  a.    Of  or  pertaining  to  a  sept  or  clan. 

Nep-tem'oer,  1  sep-tem'bar;  2  s6p-tSm'ber,  n.  The 
ninth  month  of  the  year,  having  30  days.  [  <  L.  sep- 
tem,  seven  (as  in  Horaan  calendar) .] 

sep-te'mi-a,  1  sep-ti'mi-e:  2  s6p-te'mi-a,  n.  Pathol.  A 
morbid  condition  of  the  blood  due  to  poisonous  prod- 
ucts of  putrefaction;  septic  infection.  [<  Gr.  septos, 
rotten,  +  haima,  blood]  sep"tl-ee'[or  -caj'lml-at. — 
sep-te'mlc,  a.    sep"t!-ce'[or -cse'lmlcj. 

sep'te-na-ry,  1  sep'tl-nB-nj  2  sep'te-na-ry,  a.  1.  Con- 
sisting of,  pertaining  to,  or  being  seven.  2.  Septennial. 
[  <  L.  septenarius,  <  septem,  seven.] 

sep-ten'iii-al,  1  sep-ten'i-al;  2  sep-ten'i-al,  a.  1.  Recur- 
ring every  seven  years.  2.  Continuing  or  capable  of 
lasting  seven  years.     [  <  L.  septem,  seven,  +  annus,  year.) 

Sop-ten Mrl-o,  i  scp-tcu'tn-o;  2  sep-ten'trl-o,  re.  The  con- 
Btellatton  Ursa  Major  or  the  Dipper.  [L.,  <  septem,  seven, 
t  trio,  plow«ox.]  — sep-ten'trt-o-nal,  a.   or,  pertaining  to, 

or  corning  from  the  north;  hyperborean. 

scp'tic,  1  sep'tik;  2  sSp'tie.  I.  a.  Pathol.  Of  or  pertain- 
ing to  sepsis;  productive  of  putrefaction;  putrid,  sep'- 
I  i-e.il  I .  II.  n.  Any  substance  that  produces  or  pro- 
motes putrefaction.  [  <  Gr.  septikos,  <  slpo,  rot.] — 
sep"tl-op'[or-rae']ml-a,  re.    Same  as  BBPTBMIA. 

sep-til'llon,  1  sep-til'yan;  2  sep-tll'you,  n.  A  cardinal 
number:  in  the  French  system  (also  U.  S  1,1  followed  by 
24  ciphers;  in  the  English  system,  1  followed  by  42  ci- 
phers.   [<  sept-  +  million.]— sep-tll 'Month,  a.  &  n. 


sep"tu-a-ge-na'ri-an,  1  sep"tiu-a-ji-ne'n-an;  2  sep"ttV 
a-ge-na'ri-an,  re.  A  person  70  years  old,  or  between  70 
and  80.  [  <  L.  septuagenarius,  <  septuaginta,  seventy.] 
sep"tu-ag'e-na-ryt.— sep"tu-ag'e-na-ry,  a.  Contain- 
ing or  consisting  of  70;  pertaining  to  a  septuagenarian. 

Sep"tu-a-ges'i-ma,  1  sep"tiu-a-jes'i-ma;  2  s6p"tu-a- 
gSs'i-ma,  n.  1.  The  third  Sunday  before  Lent.  2.  [s-] 
A  period  of  70  days.  [L.,  fern,  of  septuagesima,  seven- 
tieth.] Septuagesuna  Suudayt.  — sep"tu-a-ges'l-mal, 
a.    Consisting  of  70,  especially  of  70  years. 

Sep'tu-a-gint,  1  sep'tiu-a-jint;  2  s6p'tu-a-gmt,  n.  An  old 
Greek  version  of  the  Old  Testament  Scriptures,  made 
between  280  and  130  B.  C.  [  <  L.  septuaginta,  seventy: 
reputed  to  have  been  made  by  seventy  (translators).]  — 
Sep"tu-a-gln'tal,  a. 

sep'tum,  1  sep'tum;  2  sep'tum,  n.  [sep'ta,  pi.]  A  divid- 
ing wall;  partition,  as  in  coral.     [L.,  <  sepes,  fence.] 

sep'tu-pl(ep,  1  sep'tiu-pl;  2  sep'tu-pl,  a.  1.  Consisting 
of  seven;  sevenfold.  2.  Multiplied  by  seven;  seven 
times  repeated.    [F.,  <  L.  septem,  seven,  -f-  -plus,  -ple.] 

sep'ul-cher, )  1  sep'al-kar;  2  sep'ul-eer.    I.  vt.    To  place 

sep'ul-ehre,  ( in  a  sepulcher  or  grave;  entomb;  bury. 
II.  n.  A  burial=place,  as  in  a  rock;  tomb;  vault.  [< 
L.OF  sepulcrum,  burial-place,  tomb.] — the  Holy  Sepulcher, 
the  rock=hewn  tomb  in  which  the  body  of  Jesus  was  buried. 
— se-pul'chral,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  a  sepulcher.  2.  Dismal; 
funereal. — sep'ul-ture,  n.    The  act  of  entombing;  burial. 

seq.,  abbr.    [L.]    Sequentes,  sequentia  (the  following). 

se-qua'elous,  1  st-kwe'sTius;  2  se-kwa'shus,  a.  1.  Disposed 
to  follow;  following;  attendant.  2.  Logically  consecutive. 
3t.  Ductile;  pliable.    [<  L.  sequax,  <  sequor,  follow.] 

se'quel,  1  si'kwel;  2  se'kwSl,  re.  1.  A  continuing  and  con- 
cluding portion,  as  of  a  story;  a  final  paragraph,  chapter, 
or  the  like.  2.  A  result;  event;  upshot.  [<  LL.F 
sequela,  result,  <  sequor,  follow.]  Syn.;  see  catastrophe; 
consequence;  event. 

se-que'la,  1  st-kwl'la;2  se-kwe'la,  re.  [-lje,  1  -II;  2  -16,  pi.]  One 
who  or  that  which  follows;  a  morbid  condition  resulting 
from  a  preceding  disease.    [LL.,  <  L.  sequox,  follow.] 

se'quence,  1  sl'kwens;  2  se'kwSnc,  n.  1.  The  process  or 
fact  of  following  in  space,  time,  or  thought;  succession 
or  successiveness.  2.  Order  of  succession;  arrangement. 
3.  A  series.  4.  Loosely,  an  effect  or  consequence.  5. 
Mus.  A  regular  succession  of  similar  melodic  phrases  at 
different  pitches.  6.  R.  C.  Liturg.  A  chant  or  hymn  sung 
immediately  before  the  gospel.  [  <  F.  se'quence,  <  LL. 
sequentia,  <  L.  sequor  (ppr.  siquen(t-)s),  follow.]  Syn.:  see 
time. — se'quent,  a.  1.  Following  In  the  order  of  time;  suc- 
ceeding. 2§.  Consequent. — se'quent,  re.  That  which  fol- 
lows; a  consequence;  result. 

se-ques'ter,  1  si-kwes'tar;  2  se-kw6s'ter,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To 
put  aside;  separate,  as  from  society  or  public  life;  re- 
move; seclude.  2.  To  sequestrate;  confiscate.  II.  i.  1. 
Law.  To  disclaim  or  renounce,  as  a  widow  any  interfer- 
ence in  the  settlement 
of  her  late  husband's 
estate.  2f-  To  with- 
draw; retire.  [<LL.F 
sequestro;  see  seques- 
trate.] —  se-ques'- 
tered,  pa.  Retired; 
secluded. 

se-ques'trate,  1  si- 
kwes'tret;  2  se-kweV- 
trat,  vt.  |-that"kdi1; 
-trat"in(j.]  1.  Law. 
(1)  To  seize,  espe- 
cially for  the  use  of 
the  government;  con- 
fiscate. (2)  To  take 
possession  of  for  a 
time,  with  a  view  to 
the  just  settlement  of 
the  claims  of  credi- 
tors. 2||.  To  seclude; 
sequester.  [  <  LL. 
sequestro,  surrender, 
lay  aside,] — se-quos'- 
tra-bld"-,  re.  Liable  to  , 
sequestration.  —  seq"-  •. 
ues-tra'tlon,  re.  Seiz- 
ure; confiscation.  — 
seq 'ues-tra"tor. 
One  who  sequestrates; 
a  receiver. 

se'qilln,   1   si'kwm;    2  B"to|  * «™ta- 

sfi'kwin.n.    Formerly,!)  i-'"!.!  coin  of  the  Venetian  re 
public,  worth  82.25.    [F.]     ze'elilnl. 

Se-quol'a,  1  si-kwol'o;  2  se-kwol'a,  n.    Hot.    1.  A  genus  of 


Sequoia. 

;  b,  WiJo  of  On>  f.  timli\  . 


BC«lr  nt  ttifl 


x,  r 

M    I 


i      i        i         ■       ,        i         i       ..  .1    c.      n      ii        ii    bftre; 

.      .        i  ii        .  I         iii         i  ..     I.    <•  .  w6n, 


no 


i. 

■ 

\  -riiiM. 
vi.  1-0 

-i  -r  1 1  •  I ■    Ii  . 
M--ra|>iri-i'.il    .    -l-r.il-l>. 

I  musical 

»i  i    s-phl  ii. i   . 

\  manlfcs- 

ingulshed  ir 

-■■rlil. 


- 
S 
- 


til-. in.  ►  I  ll   or   i>.r • 

■«i  rhoiil.iu  DOg, 

mtnji--  Irj  I .  famousfor 

.ii  ;  difficult} ;  complloatlon. 

:•  I.  a 

•  tain  01  tumor  with 

ll.        An  evening 

•  ribute  in   tin-  open  air  at 
ade,  < 

-.-r".  -ii. til  'er,  Fl 

-'-r.  in    .  I.  Clear,  or  fair  and  calm; 

.'.  Marked  by  peace- 
S.  talted    rank: 

is,  his  &  n  hi 
: 

r.  ii.  -   -r.  ii  l-t> .  i  : 

Mff,  I  ■  ice  is  at- 

"-asant. 
e  subjection.     [F.,    <  L. 
ttrrus .  Aa-.  ■       serfdom,!     serfage?;  serfhoodf. 

Sergt., 

I .  illed  silk  or  ■■■■ 

woolen  cloth. 

vat,  i.    \      .n«com- 

v  officer  ranking  next   above  a  cor- 

.'.  r  officials,  as  of  a  prince  or 

\  lawyer  of  highest  rank.    4.  A 

">.  .T-al'arms.       [<    F. 

urtent.   <    i  -it 'jrant :.     ser'geanl    it 

arm-  .  ody  who 

-i  r  'gean-ej ,    ■•      ser'geant-e]   ; 

M-r'K«'ant-«lil|i    . 
-f'rl-al. 

I   liin,  1  -i"n-"'tirn;  2  sT-'ri-a'tim,  mh.     One  after 
riaUy.    [I.L.] 

1.  I    .  toils  like  silk; 

lire.    [  <  L.  se- 

<  :hlnese.J    serl-catet-  - 

-■  r  i-i  nl "in r.  .  _•  and  management  of  sllk- 

-    I  "i-i  nl  'I  n-n 

■i-'rii-.  ]  •-.";./,      An  orderly 

bag  after  another;  a  connected 

-.  |— se'ri-al.    I.  a.    1.  <  >f 

;.  p  .  rlea  at  regular 

se'rl-atet.    II.  n.     A  literary 

ve  Issues  ol  a 

k  'ri- « I  - 1  > .  In  a  aeries  or  regular  order. 

-i-  'ri-oii-.  a.    1.  Grave  and  earnest 

rition;  thoughtful;  sober. 

Z.  H  e  with  full  practical  intent;  being 

;. 

4.  Particu- 

I  LOUS   ] 

it,  Important, 

■ 
- 

.oi,;  wpobtamt;  Ba- 
se, jolly,  Ught, 

-•  "rl- mil.         "I     -  -'  n  and  seriousness,  or 

-•  "rl-o:ci,m'l-cal:. 

Serf.,  ~  r  tut, 

-iriiiuii.  ;  -  I  religious  di 

Bible;  hence,  any  sen  ■ 
.  formal  remonstrance.     |F.,   < 
irse.i    Syn.  see  bpi     a     Sermon  on 
the  Mount,  the  discourse  of  Jesus  found  recorded 


,^&^l 


Serrate  Leaves. 

1.  Svrrat.     ll  ll    I  1     I  It*  r- 


!  20    10       MT'inini-l/r.        a  i  .. 

r-h  !■•      sit 'mon-li  1 1 . 

i    .    •:         \    bllll 

p  term, 

w  'rolls,  I "■  1 1  [lining  to,  producing,  .>r 

iie-ros'l-ty,         serous  fluid,  an]  ol 

the  ll 

-     to.  Olio  in.  .  o|   i  ho  bodj 

sir  'pent,  l    "t  |..  i .   \       dy,  I 

reptile;  a  snake,  especially  when  ol  I  '.'.  [8  1  \ 

northern   constell  rsLLATioN       Ber'« 

pens  .    :t.   \  ,.!    orpentine  form  or  appoaranoe, 

Brawork,  ■  ourved  musical  instrument,  i  tc     I.   \n 
insinuating  and  treacherous  p  ■>.     itan.    [F.,  < 

i  creeping       ser 'pen-tine,  1     Or'pen  tain  or 

-tin.  2  s,  r'pcii-tln  ur  -till       I.  a       I.   Pertaining  10  or  like  a 

..  or  -.unions;  crawling  sinuously.  '!  .  Bubtle; 
cunning  ii.  I  various!  colored  or  mottled  marblollke 
rock,    green  or  rerdantlqoe  marble). 

scr-pl'go,  l  bsi  pal'i  o,  n.     an  eruption  on  the 

preadlng  ringworm,    (i.  1    ser-plg'l-nous,  a 

ser'ra-noi.i.  i  .  i    .  n.ii.! , '■  ■  talnlngtothe 

i  I  imll    "f    i  iii-s  Including  I  itrlped 

nd  their  allies.  [>    i..  serrantu,  <  tt  ra,asaw, 

ser'rufe,       i  ]  ■    I;  2  -er'at,  -41   ■    I.  0      Toothi  'I 

ser 'r.ii-e<l,  j  or  not.  lull  like  a  saw,  as  the  margins  "i 
certain   leaves.     |<    L.  serrottM,    < 
-:t»        ser-ra'llon,  a,     ser'ra- 
ture    . 

ser 'r  led,  1  ser'id;  2  seVid,  pa.  Com- 
pacted in  rows  or  ranks,  as  soldiers 

|  <  L.*  Si  i".  join  ] 
se'ruin.  1  sl'riuii;   2  se'rum.  n.      A  watery 

animal  Quid.    1 1 1  The  watery  portion  'if 

the  blOOd.       (2)   Whey;  s.-rnm    of    milk. 

. .  similar  secretion,    li.l 
Ser».,  abbr.     Servla,  Servian,  servlus. — 
-rr\.,   ~ertt..   abbr.  Servant. 

ser\  'aget,  1  surv'ij; 3  BSrv'ag,  n.    Thral- 
dom; servitude.  , 

scr'vant,  1  sur'vant;  2  serVant,  n.  ie»re 
1.  A  person  employed  to  labor  for 
another;  a  domestic;  bondman,  'i.  Any  one  under  the 
authority  ol  oi  devoted  to  the  service  of  another.  [F., 
<  LL.  xervitit{t-)s,  <  L.  servio,  serve.] 

serve,  1  butv;  2  Bftrv,  t.   [served;  SEBv'iNa.]  I.  t.   1.  To 

employ  one's  pOWl  rs  as  the  servant,  slave,  hireling,  or 

employee  of;  be  in  the  employment  of;  work  for.  2.  To 
promote  the  interests  or  welfare  of;  aid.  3.  To  be 
subordinate,  secondary,  or  subsidiary  to.  4.  To  be  of 
use  or  service  to,  especially  as  a  substitute:  often  with 
for.  5.  To  Bupply  sufficiently;  content;  satisfy.  6.  To 
behave  or  act  toward;  treat;  requite;  do;  as,  to  serve 
one  ill.  7.  To  perform  the  duties  connected  with;  carry 
on  the  services  of.  8.  To  keep  in  play  or  action;  manip- 
ulate; handle;  work,  as  a  eannon.  9.  To  bring  and  ar- 
rani-'f  .in  tin-  table  or  'I.  oiig  guests,  as  food. 

10.  To  furnish  or  provide,  as  with  a  regular  supply  or 
■i>d   times.      11.   Law-  To  deliver   (a  summon-  or 

writ),  either  in  pel  tructively;  also,  to  make 

service  to  (a  person)  in  this  manner.  12.  To  put  (a 
ball)  in  play  by  throwing  or  driving  to  a  player  on  the 
opposite  Bide  of  a  game.  13.  Naut.  To  wrap  tightly,  as 
with  marline  or  spumyarn,  so  as  to  strengthen  and 
protect.  11.  Breeding.  To  cover  or  copulate.  II.  t.  1. 
To  employ  oneself  in  the  interest  of  another  and  in 
obedience  to  his  directions;  live  and  act  as  a  servant, 
slave,  or  employee.  2.  To  be  in  subjection.  3.  To  per- 
form the  duties  of  any  station,  office,  or  employment,  as 
in  the  army  or  navy.  4.  To  be  sufficient  and  effective 
for  a  pur]".-'-:  hence,  to  !»'  Suitable  for  some  action  or 
attempt.  5.  To  deliver  the  ball,  as  in  tennis:  said  of  the 
player  who  leads  off.    [  <  I  .  semr,  <  L.  servio,  serve] 

Syn.:  advance,  aid,  assist,  attend,  benefit,  help,  mln 
promote,  subserve,  succor,  suffice,    see  accommodate. 

Ant.:  command,  control,  desert,  disobey,  hinder,  obstruct, 
oppose,  retard,  thwart,  withstand 

mt\  'er,  n.    1.  <  me  who  serves.    2.  That  which  Is  used 
In  serving,  as  a  tray  or  other  utensil. 

serve,         I .  I  n  tennis,  etc.,  the  delivering  of  the  ball  by 

Lngil  toward  an  "pp.  men  t.   2.  The  t  urn  of  tie 'server. 

Ber-re'tns,  1         rt'tos:  2  ser-ve'tus,  Michael  (1511-1553). 

in  and  theologian  who  was  burned  at  the 

stake  In  '  Seneva  for  heresy      Ser-ve'tlan,  n.  &  n. 

Si-r'd-.'i,  l  sot'vi-s;  2  ser'vi-a.  n     a  kingdom  of  s  ]•:.  Europe; 

■  I    -ij.  m  :  poo    4,593,500;  capital,  Belgrade;  declared 

Independent   In  1878;  overrun  by  Aufltro»German»Bulga- 

rian  troops,  October,  it)i">     Ser'ri-an,  a.  &  n.    Serbt. 

ser'vice,  1  sar'vis;  2  .sCr'vic,  n.    1.  The  act  of  serving;  the 


711 


1:  a  =  final;    I  =  hablt^    aisle:    au  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  fewd;    cTlin;    go;    X)  =  sing;    thin,   this. 
2:  wQlf,  do;  book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;  thin,   this. 


ser. 
set 


work  of  a  servant.  2.  Any  work  performed  for  the 
benefit  of  another;  a  benefit  or  advantage  conferred,  or 
use  and  advantage  in  general.  3.  The  state  or  position 
of  a  servant,  especially  of  a  domestic  or  menial  servant. 
4.  The  official  duty  or  work  required  of  one;  any  system 
or  organization  instituted  for  the  accomplishment  of 
such  duty;  as,  military  service;  the  postal  service.  5.  In 
religion:  (1)  The  devotion  of  heart  and  life  to  God.  (2) 
The  public  exercises  of  worship.  (3)  A  liturgical  form 
for  worship;  an  office.  6.  That  which  is  served  at  table, 
especially  to  any  one  person.  7.  Vessels,  utensils,  etc., 
for  a  specific  use,  considered  collectively.  8.  A  pro- 
fessed willingness  to  serve;  a  formal  assurance  of  respect: 
often  in  the  plural.  9.  Law.  (1)  The  duty  owed,  as  by  a 
.  servant  or  a  tenant.  (2)  The  legal  communication  of  a 
judicial  process  to  the  designated  person.  10.  Naut. 
The  wrapping  of  a  rope  with  cordage,  or  the  cordage  so 
used,  serv'ingj.  [F.,  <  L.  servitium,  <  servio,  serve.] 
Syn.:  advantage,  avail,  benefit,  good,  purpose,  service- 
ableness,  use.  utility.  See  profit;  sacrament;  utility. — 
ser'vlce-a-bl(ep,  a.  1.  That  can  be  made  of  service.  2. 
Capable  of  rendering  long  service;  durable.  3||.  Obliging; 
attentive.  Syn.:  see  good ;  useful. — ser'vice-a-bl(e-nessp, 
n.  ser"vlce-a-bH'i-tyt.  Syn.:  see  service;  utility.  — 
ser'vice-a-bly,  adv. 

service=day,  n.  [U.  S.]  June  2d,  the  day  on  which  the  first 
draft  of  troops  was  drawn  in  19 1 7  for  the  Great  War,  19 14-     . 

ser'vice=tree",  1  sur'vis^tri";  2  ser'vic=t.re",  n.  An  Old  World 
tree  with  odd=pinnate  leaves,  panicled  cream=colored  flow- 
ers, and  small  edible  fruit. 

ser"vi-ette',  1  sur"vi-et';  2  ser"vi-et',  n.    A  table=napkin.  [F.] 

ser'vil(es,  1  sur'vil  or  -vail;  2  ser'vil  or  -vil.  I.  a.  1.  Hav- 
ing the  spirit  of  a  slave;  slavish;  abject.  2.  Pertaining 
to  or  appropriate  for  slaves  or  servants;  as,  a  servile 
insurrection;  servile  employment.  3.  Being  of  a  subject 
class;  existing  in  a  condition  of  servitude.  4.  Obedient; 
subject:  with  to.  5.  Gram.  Not  belonging  to  the  original 
root;  serving  only  to  modify  the  construction  or  pronun- 
ciation of  a  word.  II.  n.  1.  A  slave,  or  one  of  slavish 
spirit;  menial.  2.  Gram.  A  letter,  syllable,  or  sound 
used  only  to  modify  a  word,  and  not  part  of  its  radical 
form.  [F.,  <  L.  scrvilts,  <  scrims,  slave.]  Syn.:  see  base; 
obsequious,  -ly,  adv. — ser-vil'i-ty,  n.  1.  Cringing  sub- 
mission.    2.  The  state  of  being  a  slave.    ser'vll(e-ness8t. 

ser'vi-tor,  1  sur'vi-tsr  or  -tor;  2  ser'vi-tor,  n.  1.  One 
who  waits  upon  and  serves  another;  a  serving=man;  fol- 
lower; servant.  2.  Formerly,  an  undergraduate  at  Ox- 
ford University  partly  supported  by  a  college  grant  and 
partly  earning  his  living  by  service. — ser'vi-tor-shlp,  n. 

ser'vi-tude,  1  sur'vi-tiQd;  2  ser'vi-tud,  n.  1.  The  condi- 
tion of  a  slave;  slavery;  bondage.  2.  A  state  of  subjec- 
tion to  any  claim,  demand,  or  control;  as,  servitude  to 
vice.  3.  The  condition  or  duties  of  a  servant;  menial 
service.  4.  [Anglo=Ind.]  Service  in  the  army  or  navy. 
5.  Law.  An  easement.  [F.,  <  L.  servitudo,  <  servus, 
slave.]    Syn.:  see  bondage. 

ses'a-me,  1  ses'a-mi;  2  ses'a-me,  n.  An  East»Indian 
herb,  containing  oily  seeds. — open  sesame,  a  charm  to 
secure  admission,  originally  to  the  robbers'  cave,  in  the  story 
of  All  Baba  and  the  Forty  Thieves  In  the  Arabian  Nights. — 
ses'a-mold,  a.  &  n.  I.  a.  1.  Shaped  like  a  sesame=seed; 
nodular.  2.  Pertaining  to  a  sesamoid.  II.  n.  A  sesamoid 
bone  or  cartilage,  as  the  kneecap. 

ses'ljlli-,  1  ses'kwi-;  2  ses'kwi-.  From  Latin  sesqui-,  one=> 
half  more  (from  semis,  half,  -{-que,  and) :  a  combining  form. 

ses"(|ul-pe-da'II-an,  1  ses'kwi-pi-tiB'Ii-an;  2  ses'lcwi-pe-da'- 
li-an,  a.  Measuring  a  foot  and  a  half;  long  and  ponderous, 
as  words.  [  <  L.  sesgulpedalia,  <  sesqui-,  onchalf  more,  + 
pes,  foot.)    si's 'qui-ped "alt. 

sess.,  abhr.    Session. 

ses'sile, )  1  ses'il;  2  ses'il.a.  Attached  by  its  base,  without 

ses'sil8,  )  a  stalk,  as  a  leaf.  (<  L.  sessilis,  <  sedeo,  sit.) 

ses'sion,  1  sesh'an;  2  sesh'on,  n.  1.  The  sitting  together 
of  an  organized  body  t Or  the  transaction  of  business. 
2.  The  time  during  which  a  deliberative  assembly  or 
oourt  remains  sitting.  3.  The  lowest  oourt  and  gov- 
erning body  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  composed  of 
the  pastor  and  ruling  elders  ol  a  particular  congregation 
4.  Any  one  oi  certain  courts;  especially,  in  England,  in 
the  plural,  the  sitting  of  a  certain  court,  5||.  The  act 
of  sitting,  or  the  state  of  one  who  is  seated,  [1<\,  <  L. 
sessio(n  i,  ■    sessus;  see  sessile.]    ses'sion-al,  a. 

ges8'pool"t,  "     a  cesspool. 

ges-ter'tl-us,  l  sea-tOr'shi-us;  2  ses-tSr'snl-us,  n.  |-ti-i,  pi.] 
a  Roman  coin,  worth  ;  or  a  denarius,    ges'tercei. 

ses'tet,  1  ses'tet;  2  ses't£t,  n.  I.  The  last  six  lines  of  a 
sonnet;  any  si x«line  stanza.    2.  A  sextel 

Ses'tos,  1  ses'tos;  2  sfls'tos,  n.  An  ancient  <  ;rcck  town  in  the 
Thraclun  ChcrHonosus. 


set,  1  set;  2  s6t,  v.  [set;  set'ting.]  \.t.  1.  To  cause  to  sit, 
stand,  or  rest,  as  on  a  seat  or  support;  place  in  a  sitting, 
standing,  or  upright  position:  said  properly  of  things  as 
having  some  power  of  self=support,  and  thus  opposed  to 
lay:  often  with  up  or  down.  2.  To  give  a  specific  or 
desired  position  to;  put  into  a  certain  place  or  relation 
in  order  to  secure  a  special  end;  plant;  mount;  place; 
replace;  adjust.  3.  To  put  into  a  fixed,  permanent,  or 
immovable  condition,  position,  or  form;  fix,  as  a  color; 
mire  or  stall,  as  an  animal  or  vehicle;  hence,  to  embar- 
rass; bring  to  a  stand;  develop  in  rudimentary  form,  as 
fruit  or  seed;  attach;  make  intent,  as  the  affections,  will, 
etc.  4.  To  determine  authoritatively;  prescribe;  ap- 
point; assign;  settle.  5.  To  place  or  fix  (a  price  or  value) : 
with  by  or  on;  also  (rarely),  to  estimate  or  value:  with  at; 
as,  the  scholar  sets  great  store  by  his  books;  to  set  a  price 
on  an  outlaw's  head;  to  set  one's  life  at  naught.  6.  To 
stake,  as  at  a  game  of  hazard;  as,  to  set  one's  fortune 
upon  a  cast;  also  (rarely),  to  lay  a  wager  with.  7.  To  put 
in  order  for  use;  prepare  for  working;  adjust;  arrange  or 
make  ready;  as,  to  set  a  trap  or  a  clock;  to  set  a  table. 
8.  To  bend  the  teeth  of  (a  saw)  alternately  to  one  side 
and  the  other  from  the  median  line.  9.  To  start  in  a 
given  direction  or  course  of  action.  10.  To  put  into  a 
given  condition  or  state:  followed  by  an  adjective  or 
phrase  denoting  the  condition;  as,  set  your  mind  at  rest. 
11.  To  embarrass  greatly;  perplex  mentally;  as,  to  be 
hard  set  how  to  act.  12.  Print.  To  place  (type)  in  order 
for  printing;  compose:  often  with  up.  13.  Mus.  To 
adapt,  as  notes  to  words  or  words  to  notes;  also,  to  pitch, 
as  a  tune.  II.  i.  1.  To  go  down  toward  or  below  the 
horizon,  as  a  heavenly  body;  sink;  decline;  fade;  pass 
away.  2.  To  pass  from  a  fluid  or  unstable  to  a  firm  or 
solid  condition;  solidify;  congeal;  concrete.  3.  To  take 
a  position  of  firmness  and  fixity;  become  fixed;  also,  to 
become  deformed,  warped,  etc.  4.  To  move  or  flow  in 
a  given  direction,  as  a  current;  tend;  incline;  as,  he  set 
to  work.  5.  To  apply  oneself;  exert  one's  powers  or 
energies.  6.  To  put  plants,  cuttings,  or  the  like  in 
the  ground  in  position  for  growth.  7.  To  begin  de- 
velopment or  growth,  as  a  rudimentary  fruit;  be  trans- 
formed into  seeds  or  fruits,  as  blossoms.  8.  [Colloq.] 
To  sit,  as  a  hen  on  eggs.  9.  [Colloq.]  To  fit;  adapt  it- 
self to  one's  figure,  as  a  garment.  [<  AS.  settan,  set, 
causal  of  sitlan,  sit.] 

Syn.:  adapt,  adjust,  appoint,  arrange,  assign,  determine, 
dispose,  establish,  fix,  locate,  place,  plant,  post,  prescribe, 
put,  regulate,  settle,  station.  See  abolish;  absolve;  allot; 
annul;  attack;  burn;  construct;  deliver;  fall;  insti- 
tute; pique;  plant;  prepare;  put;  raise. — Ant.:  detach, 
disestablish,  disturb,  eradicate,  loosen,  overthrow,  remove 
transfer,  unsettle,  uproot.  —  Prep.:  set  a  thing  on  or  uvpn  a 
support;  in  a  position,  place,  or  receptacle;  set  a  rule? Otter 
a  province;  set  one  friend  against  another;  set  the  dogs  upon 
athief.  In  various  phrases:  set  apart  (1)  Verbal. see  \u.or, 
(2)  Adjectival,  see  holy;  set  aside,  see  abolish;  annul; 
set  fire  to,  set  on  fire,  see  burn;  set  free,  see  absolve, 
deliver;  set  in  motion,  see  effect;  set  In  order,  see 
prepare;  set  out,  see  plant;  set  up,  see  institute;  r  use; 
set  upon,  see  attack. — set 'back  ,  n.  1.  A  check;  forced 
return  to  a  point  already  passed.  2.  A  counter»current; 
eddy. — set'sofT",  n.  1.  An  offset  or  counterpoise.  •;.  \ 
decorative  contrast  or  setting.  3.  A  counter-claim.  4.  A  rcli 
A  ledge;  offset. — set'ter,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which  sets. 

2.  One  of  a  breed  of  hunting=dogs,  formerly  trained  to 
crouch,  but  now  to  stand  rigidly  and  point  at  game. — sct'- 
ting,  ».    l.  The  act  of  anything  that  sets.    2.  An  Insertion, 

3.  That  In  which  something  is  set;  a  frame;  environment, 

4.  The  act  of  indicating  game  like  a  setter;  also,  the  spurt 
of  hunting  birds  with  a  setter  dog.  5.  [Colloq.]  A  number 
of  eggs  placed  together  for  hatching.  Set'«to r,  n.  A  bout 
at  light  I  ng,  fencing,  debating,  or  any  other  mode  of  ei  hi  lest . 

Set,  pa.     1.  Fixed  in  opinion  or  disposition;  unyielding; 

obstinate;  determined.  2.  Established  by  authority  or 
agreement;  prescribed;  appointed;  as,  a  set  time;  .„/ 
method.  3.  Fully  formed  ami  regular;  i tal;  deliber- 
ate; as,  a  set  battle;  a,  set  speech.  4.  Fixed  and  motion- 
less; rigid.  5.  Fixed  in  a.  given  place;  stationary.  (>. 
Formed  or  put  together;  built;  made. 

Bet1!  ".     1.   A   number  of  persons  or  things  associated 
in  fact  or  in  thought;  a  collection;    erit    .  group;  t  I  i 

company;  clique.      2.  The  ael    or  result    ol    giving  fixed 

form,  position,  or  direction.  (I)  The  direction  of  a 
(anient;  a  drift;  course;  movement;  tendency.  (2)  A 
bend  or  warp;  distort ;  kini  oi  bias  (3)  Conforma- 
tion; beating;  pose;  carriage  I  1)  The  spread  given  to 
ia  teeth  m  certain  saws.  3.  The  act  of  setting;  the 
sinking  of  a  heavenly  body  below  the  horizon,  i.  \ 
young  plant  ready  foi  Betting  out;  a  cutting,  slip,  or 


hi. 


ll"             B       <■     »r;   full,  rOlc;   bOt,  bftrn: 
!  11  ...  (.        .  .1  i  i  i.  wrtn. 


m 


- 

. 

■MMhax  ol 

"»rlh.    | 
v,     H-. 

- 
-e    (..II.     . 

-e    (o-c.     | 
-.1-1.-.     . 
1*1     III     . 


IVI    I.  vat    ..i 

A 

-•- 1    •     .  •  OUS, 

-I       III     . 

Ipcd   bj 

i\.  tlir  witch. 
ttur.l  BOD  Of   Adam       (.,  •; 

M  ii-foriii.    ;      Having  the  form  of  a 
-■•- 1 Ik  .T-..II ~.  Bearing 

-e-tlf  Yr-oii-    . 

I  .i  the  .-km  and  left  there 
•  ■  :  subjacent  i <:«r t  ~  1 

I.. 


itly.    | 
se'tou»   . 

\   long  WOOden  seat   with  a 
-v  i    i  I  >  i>;  >i  i  'i  l  in..  |     I.  .'       1. 

■  firmly  in  a  position;  ad- 
it, I'.,  determine  in  tin'  mind, 
■    ■  ':■ :     .'{.  To  place,  in  permanent  rela- 
te tettii  a  pas- 
4.  ■  ."ii  >>r  disturbance;  -till; 

v  i  turbidity;  clarify,  as  :i 

ite,  a-  .lr.  gs      »;.    i  o   render 

6rn.  .  road     7.  /  I)  To  make 

r  property  by  legal  act.     (2)   I 
as  a  balance  due;  adjust.     (3)  To  pay;  satisfy. 
1    [*o  determine  the  form  or  ]  as,tosett&  a 

bill  3,      >  plant  with  inhabitants,  as  a  nev 

country; ;  II.      1.  To  become, 

cloud  i.  is  a  liquid;  also,  to  sink  to 

'.'.I         me  to  rest ;  alight 
asfr  -  i agitation, disturbance. change, 

or  m  f.    Po  sink  gradually;  subside,    4.  To  ii\ 

ater  upon  a  fixed  habitat  ii 

•">.  Toi    me  to  a  decision; 
.  <  sett,  bench  ] 
Situ  adjust,  allay,  arrange,  calm,  compose,  decide,  deter- 
mine ■  egulate.  Compare  con- 
firm; pat;  batdtt;  bsquitb;  bkt.     Ant.:  agitate,  confuse. 
derange,  disarrange,  discompose,  disorder,  disturb,  Ouster, 
flutter,  mix,  muss.  -                    •  ,..:  set!  le  u  iih  a  merchant  for 
goods:  settle  coffee  irlth  White  of  egg;  settle  a  controversy 
r.ual  concession;  settle  a  matter  upon  a  sound  basis. 
Ml  lie1,   r.      [This   word,   tbo   etymologically   different 
p  ipularly  so  identified  with 
it  that  many  of  tl                      .-t  each  combine  the  two 
senses  and                         sely  discriminated.]    [skt'tled; 

: i.ino]    I.  t.    1.  To  j 1 1 i t  in  order;  set  to  rig]  I 
range  prop-  "le  one's  affairs.    2.  To  appoint, 

as  a  •  '■■  i  a  conclusion  (that  which 

incertainty) ;  deride;  determine. 
4.  To  liq...  '.t      5.  [( iolloq.j  To 

subdue.    II.  i.    1.  To  adjust  differences;  conn-  to  a  good 
understanding.    '!.  ■   -  pecuniary  obligations 

full;.  incite,  <  aaht, 

settlement.  <  mean,  contend.)  —  set'tle-ment,  n.    1.  The 
act..'  I  region,    -i.  An  accounting,  as 

of  a  .;  i  t  property  In  such  form  as  to 

provide  for  some  I  .  -el 'tier,  n.     1.  A  colonist 

S.Apan.t'.  ettUngs  are  obtained      -<-t  't  ling,  n. 

1.  The  art  of  settling,     'i.  pi.  Dregs;  sediment. 

-et'tle,         1.    I  it  or  bench,  generally  of  wood, 

with  a  high  back  and  often  with  arms.     2  .  A  Im-ihIi; 

If,  Ix-rich.] 

Mi  'en,  .  I.  -I     Consisting  of  one  more 

that.  II.         I.  The  sum  of  one  and  rii     '*.  The 

7  or   \  1 1      the  Seven 

agaln-t  Thebes     ■  .\fvih).  a  legend,  according  to 

;  besieged  by  seven  heroes  to 

nio-s  ■  the  seven  wonden  ol  the  anelenl 

world,  hfuighig   gardi 

Ion,  the  temple  of  Diana 

Zeus  by  Phidias,  at  Olympia  the  Mausoleum  at  Hall 
•ana  or  Rhodes,  and  the  Pharos  or  Ugl 

of  Alexandria — se\ 'en-fold. 

as  great.     2.  Ma'!'  pie     :!.  Foldi  I 

times—  seT 'en-fold,  i/i-      tev'en-nlght,  -      a  period  ol 
•    days  and  nlt'hts;  a  week      scn'nlght:.       se\ 'en- 
t'.n"       I.  •  of  seven  more  than   ten.     II.  n. 


mi  ol  ten  and  wvoti,  or  the  ij  mbola  reproMiitlng  this 
numl  .ii      -..  .  ii  i.iiiih".     I.  .i      i.  s,\ 

•nth  in  order  after  the  tenth  '!•  Being  one  .■(  seventeen 
equal  part.-  II.  i.  One  ol  wventeen  equal  parts  ol  am 
thing  -o'cniii.  i.  ,.  i.  Next  in  ....I.  i  aftei  the  sixth 
:.  Being  one  of  seven  equal  narta  II.  a.  I.  Oneol  wvou 
equal  parts;  the  quotient  ol  a  unit  divided  bj  seven  ''. 
i  ii  im<r\  ni  betwoenan]  note  and  the  seventh  note 
above  It.    -i>.  iev'en»U-eth.    I.  a     1.    renth  in 

after  the  sixtieth     I,   Being  one  ol   soveni 
II.  ti    One  ol  wvent]  equal  parte;  the  quotient  .>f 
a  unit  divided  bj  sevent]      sev'en-ty.  I.  a. 
t.-ii  mor,'  than  alxt  i  Imi  i  ten     ii.  pi 

i  be  -urn  of  i en  nn.i  slaty,  ..r  the  symbols  representing 
this  number,  as  70  or  1  \\      aev'cn-ty-fold,  a  a  art 
-e\"en-t>  lour'.  i    ,  \  nr,.  \  former 

iini-oMiattie ship,  rated  eventy«four  guni 

M't  Vr.  I.I     To  put  ..i  1..  op  leparate 

or  apart,  u  two  things  thai  should  be  united;  disjoin; 
separate;  .leave  asunder.  II.  i.  I.  To  part  from  one 
another;  »•"  asundei  8  .  To  act  separately,  each  for 
..ii.-.ii  .'l| .  I.,  make  a  division  •  •!  separation;  .lisiin- 
gulsh  i  i      tparo,  separate.]     s.vn.:  see 

BRBAX;  CUT;  kim.,  -iriiiin         -e\  'er-anee,  n        I  in    BOt  Ol 

severing;  separation;  partition. 
Ml  'cr-ali  l  ten  'ei  ■•! ;  2  bS\  'er-al,  .i     I.  H>\nx  of  an  indef- 
inite numlier,    mole    than   one   or   two,    yet    not    large; 

divers,  'i.  Considered  individually;  pertaining  t..  an 
individual;  single:  separate,  -i.  Law.  individually  and 
separately  related;  separable.  4  .  Individually  differ- 
ent: various  or  diverse.    [OF.,  <^  L.  separo,  separate.] 

-e»  'er-al-l),  mil .  Iture-lanil. 

seT'er-alt,  •<     I,  A  specialty;  peculiarity,    't.  Enclosed  pas- 
sev'er-al-ty,  l  seVer-al-ti;  L'  sev'er-ai-ty.  n.     I,  Law.  The 

lioidinj;  of  land  in  one's  own  right  without  participation;  B 

BOle  tenancy.     81.  The  character  of  lieliik'  several  or  d  1st  I  net. 

M-vere',  1  si-vlr  ;  2  s.-ver',  a.  1.  Trying  to  one's  powers 
of  endurance;  hard  to  bear;  painful;  trying,  'i.  Rigor- 
ous   in    the    treatment     of    others;    unsparing;    harsh; 

merciless.     .'{.  Conformed  t>.  rigid   rules;   marked  l.y 

pure  and  simple  excellence.  4.  Serious  and  austere  in 
disposition  or  manner;  grave;  sedate.     [<  P,  .seitre,    < 

i  us,  severe.] 

Syu.;  austere,  rigid,  rigorous,  stern,  stiff,  unrelenting. 
1  hat  i-  •  .  ri  which  Is  devoid  of  all  softness,  mildness,  ten- 
derness,   Indulgence,    or    levity,    or    (in    literature   and    art  i 

devoid  ol  unnecessary  ornament,  amplification,  or  embel 

Ushment  Of  any  kind;  as,  a  severe  style;  as  said  Of  anything 
painful,  letere  signifies  such  as  heavily  taxes  endurance  or 
lug  power;  as,  a  severe  pain,  fever,  or  winter.  Rigid 
Signifies  primarily  stiff,  resisting  any  effort  to  change  Its 
shape;  a  corpse  is  said  to  be  rigid  In  death;  hence.  In  meta- 
phorical sense,  a  rigid  person  or  character  Is  one  that  resists 
all  efforts  to  change  the  will  or  course  of  conduct;  aripidrule 
or  statement  Is  one  that  admits  of  no  deviation.    Rigorous  is 

nearly  akin  to  riyiil.  hut  is  a  Stronger  word,  having  refer- 
ence to  action  or  active  qualities,  as  ri0td  does  to  state  or 

character:  a  rigid  rule  may  he  rigorously  enforce.  1.  Strict 
(L.  strtngo,  bind)  slgiililes  bound  or  stretched  tight,  tense, 
strenuously  exact.  Stern  unites  harshness  and  authority 
with  strictness  or  severity;  stern,  as  said  even  of  Inanimate 
object  pmething  authoritative  or  forbidding. 

i  a  ha  signifies  severely  simple  or  temperate,  strict  In  self" 
restraint   or  discipline,   and  similarly   unrelenting  toward 

others.      See   ARDUOUS ;    AU8TEBB;    had;   DDTICULT;   iiaud; 

implacable;  uobose;  violent. 

ge-verely,  adt  se-ver'i-ty.  n.  [-tte8z,  pi.]  The 
quality  of  being  severe,  se-vere'nesst.  Syn.:  see  acbi- 
MONl  ;  VIOLENCE. 

^e\  'eru.  1  jev'ern;  2  sSv'ern,  n.  A  river  In  \V.  Kngland.  ISO 
m.  to  the  Bristol  <  hannel. 

Se-ve'rus,  1  si-vl'rus;  2  se-v5'rus,  n.    1.  Lucius  SepHiniu- 
(146-211 1.  a  Roman  emperor;  rebuilt  Hadrian's  wall  across 
northern  England.    2.  Marcus  Aurelius  Alexander  (205 
235  ,  a  Roman  emperor  and  general.    Alexander  Severn-:. 

S4"Vl*gIl6',  1  se'vl'iiye',  2  se'vi'iij «,■'.  Madame  dc  (1626- 
1696).     Marie  de  Hahuiiiet  hantal.  a  French  ietter.wrlter. 

8ei  'llle.  1   sev'il  or  si-vll';  2  sev'll  or  se-vll'    /(.     A  City  of  S. 

Bpain;  former  capital  of  Castile;  pop.168,300. 
Se'rres,  1  sft'vr;  2  se'vr,  n.  1.  a  city  ol  N  central  Fran 

large  porcelain-works.    2.  Sevres  porcelain.'    So'vres,  a, 
sew,  1  so;  2  so,  v.    [sewed;  sewed  oi  bewn;  bzw'ino.1 

I.  t.  To  make,  mend,  or  fasten,  as  with  needle  and 
thread.    II.  i.    To  occupy  oneself  with  sewing.    [<AS. 

.     sew,  | 
-ew 'age,  1     iu'ij ;  2  su'ag,  '(.     1.  The  waste  matter  can  i.-d 

off  in  sewers.     2.  Loosely,  sewerage. 
Bew'ard,  1  Blfl'ard;  2  sn'ard.  William  Denry  (1801-1872). 

An  American  Statesman;  Secretary  Of  State  under  Lincoln. 

sew'er',  ]  sd'er;  2  jS'er,  r».    One  who  sews  or  Btitches. 
sew'er2,  1  sitt'er;  2  ufi'er,  n.    A  conduit,  usually  covered, 
to  carry  off  d      f  a  city;  any  large  drain,    [< 


1:3=  final;    I  =  hablt2    aisle;    all  =  out;    ell;     10  =  feud;    Chin;    go;     n  =  sing;    Chin,    this. 
713  2:  wplf,  dp;   book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


set 
shag 


OF.  seuwiere.]— sew'er-age,  n.     1.  A  system  of  sewers  or 
systematic  draining  by  sewers.    2.  Loosely,  sewage. 
sew'er3t»  n.    A  waiter;  especially,  a  head  waiter.     [<  OF. 

asseoir,  place,  <  L.  ad,  at,  +  sedco,  sit.]    sew 'art. 
sewn,  1  son;  2  son,  pp.  of  sew,  v. 

sex,  1  seks;  2  s6ks,  n.  1.  The  physical  difference  between 
male  and  female;  the  character  of  being  male  or  female. 
2.  Males  or  females  of  a  group,  collectively ;  especially, 
men  or  women.  3.  Women  in  general;  womankind: 
usually  with  the  definite  article,  the  sex.  [  <  L.F  sexus, 
sex.)  Syn.:  see  gender. — sex'less,  a.  Having  no  sex; 
neuter,   -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

sex-,     )  1  seks-,  seks'i-;  2  seks-,  sSks'i-.    From  Latin  sex, 

sex'i-,  J  six:   combining  forms. — sex"a-ge-na'ri-an,  n. 

A  person  between  sixty  and  seventy  years  of  age. — sex-ag'- 

e-na-ry.    I.  a.    Of  or  pertaining  to  the  number  sixty.    II.  n. 

A  sexagenarian. 

Sex"a-ges 'i-ma,  1  seks"8-jes'i-ma;  2  seks"a-geVi-ma,  n. 
The  second  Sunday  before  Lent.  [  <  L.  sexagesimus, 
sixtieth.]  Sexageslma  Sunday*.— sex"a-ges'i-mal,  a. 
Pertaining  to  or  founded  on  the  number  sixty. 

sex'an"gle,  1  seks'an"gl;  2  seks'an"gl,  n.  A  six=angled  figure; 
a  hexagon. — sex-an'gu-lar,  a.  Having  six  angles,  sex'- 
an"gledt. — sex-an'gu-lar-ly,  adv. — sex-en'nl-al.  I.  a. 
Happening  once  every  six  years,  or  lasting  six  years.  II.  n. 
A  sixth  anniversary,  -ly,  adv. — sex 'rid,  a.  Bot.  Six=cleft, 
as  a  calyx.  [+  L.  findo,  cleave.]  sex'I-fldt. — sex'tant,  n. 
1.  An  instrument  for  measuring  angular  distance,  as  in  de- 
termining latitude  at  sea  by  taking  the  sun's  altitude  at 
noon.  2.  Math.  The  sixth  part  of  a  circle;  an  arc  of  60 
degrees. — sex-tet',  n.  Mus.  A  band  of  six  singers  or  play- 
ers; a  composition  for  six  parts,  sex-tette't. — sex'tiKe8. 
AsItoI.  I.  a.  Indicated  or  measured  by  a  distance  of  60 
degrees.  II.  n.  The  aspect  of  two  planets  at  a  distance  of 
60  degrees  from  each  other. — sex-til'Iion,  n.  A  cardinal 
number:  (1)  In  the  French  system  (also  U.  S.),  a  figure  1 
followed  by  21  ciphers.  (2)  In  the  English  system,  a  figure 
1  followed  by  36  ciphers. 

sex"to-dec'i-mo,  1  seks"to-des'i-mo;  2  seks"to-dee'i-mo,  a.  & 
n.  Same  as  sixteenmo.  [<  L.  sexlus,  sixth,  +  dccimus,  tenth.) 

sex'ton,  1  seks'tan;  2  sgks'ton,  n.  1.  A  janitor  of  a 
church;  also,  formerly,  a  grave'digger.  2.  A  beetle  that 
buries  carrion  to  serve  as  a  nest  for  its  eggs,  sex'tons 
bee"tlej.    [Corr.  of  sacristan.] — sex 'ton-ship,  n. 

sex'tu-ple,  1  seks'tiu-pl;  2  seks'tu-pl,  a.  1.  Sixfold.  2. 
Multiplied  by  six;  six  times  repeated.     [F.] 

sex'u-al,  1  sek'shu-al;  2  s6k'shu-al,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
the  sexes,  or  sex;  characterized  by  sex:  opposed  to 
asexual. — sex"u-al'i-ty,  n.  The  state  of  having,  or  of 
being  distinguished  by,  sex. — sex'u-al-ly,  adv. 

Sey'mour,  1  sl'mor;  2  se'mor,  Jane  (1509-1537).  Third 
wife  of  Henry  VIII.  of  England;  mother  of  Edward  VI. 

Sfor'za,  1  sfer'tsa;  2  sfor'tsa,  n.  A  Milanese  ducal  family 
which  flourished  in  the  15th  century. 

sfz.,  abbr.  [It.]  Mus.,  Sforzando  (to  be  sounded  with  sudden 
explosive  force). — S.  G.,  abbr.  Solicitor=General. — s.  g., 
abbr.  Specific  gravity. — sh.,  abbr.  Shilling. — Sh.,  Sliak., 
Shaks.,  abbr.    Shakespeare. 

shab'ble,  n.  [Scot.]  A  hanger;  an  old  rusty  sword. 

shab'by,  1  sTiab'i;  2  shab'y,  a.  [shab'bi-er;  shab'bi- 
est.1  1.  Threadbare;  ragged;  soiled  or  defaced,  as  from 
hard  use.  2.  Characterized  by  worn  or  defaced  gar- 
ments; hence,  mean;  paltry.  Syn.:  see  bad;  base.  — shab'- 
bi-ly,  adv.— shab'bl-ness,  n. 

shack,  1  sTiak;2  shak,  n.  1.  [N.Am.]  A  rude  cabin,  as  of 
logs.  2.  [U.  S.  &  Prov.  Eng]  Fallen  acorns  or  nuts  of 
any  kind;  mast.    [<  shake.] 

shack'l(ep.  I.  vt.  [shack'l(e)dp;  shack'ling.]  1.  To 
restrain  or  fasten,  as  with  shackles;  fetter.  2.  [U.  S.] 
To  join  with  a  shackle.  3.  Elec.  To  place  an  insulator 
between  the  adjacent  ends  of  (a  cut  wire).  II.  n.  1.  A 
ring,  clasp,  or  braceletdike  fastening  for  encircling  and 
fettering  a  limb;  fetter;  gyve.  2.  Impediment  or  re- 
straint. 3.  One  of  various  forms  of  fastenings,  as  the 
bow  of  a  padlock  or  a  link  for  coupling  railwaycars. 
[<  AS.  seated,  <  sceacan,  shake.]  Syn.:  (verb)  see  bind; 
(noun)  see  fetter. — 8hack1e<bolf ,  n.  1.  A  holt  baring 
on  Its  end  a  shackle  or  clevis,  or  one  that  IB  passed  through 

the  eyes  of  a  shackle,  2.  The  shackle  of  a  padlock,  chain, 
etc.   3.  Her.  A  shackle  and  padlock,  used  as  a  bearing. 

shad,  1  sriad;  2  shad,  v.  A  deep  bodied  American  food' 
fish  of  the  li'-rii nur  family,     See  fish, 

shad 'dock,  1  sriad'ak; 2 shSd'ok,  ".  A  tropical  frail  akin 
to  the  orange;  also,  the  tree  yielding  it.  Tin-  round 
shaddock  is  the  grapefruit  orpomeloof  the  United  States. 
[<Capt.  Shaddock,  who  brought  It  to  America.] 

shade,  1  she.l;  2  shad,  v.    [shad'bd"1;  shab'inq.]    l.t.    1. 

To  screen   from   light   by   intercepting  its   rays;   screen 

from  the  light  and  lieal  <>f  the  sun.  2.  To  make  dim 
with  or  as  with  shade;  dim ;  darken;  overshadow;  over- 


cast; cloud.  3.  To  shield  or  protect,  as  from  light  or 
from  injury;  screen;  hide.  4.  In  penmanship,  to  in- 
crease the  heaviness  of  certain  strokes  of  (letters),  as  for 
embellishment.  5.  To  cause  to  change,  pass,  or  blend, 
by  gradations;  also,  to  modify  in  any  way,  as  colors, 
sounds,  etc.;  lower  somewhat,  as  a  price.  6.  Art.  (1) 
To  paint  or  draw  in  gradations  of  light  or  color.  (2)  To 
represent  in  shadow;  darken.  7.  To  intercept,  as 
light.  II.  i.  To  pass,  blend,  change,  or  soften  by- 
gradations. 

shade,  n.  1.  Relative  obscurity  from  interception  of  the 
rays  of  light:  distinguished  from  shadow;  hence,  gloom; 
darkness;  obscurity;  the  state  of  being  outshone.  2.  A 
shady  place;  secluded  retreat.  3.  Something  that 
serves  to  intercept  or  screen  from  light;  hence,  a  screen 
that  shuts  off  light,  heat,  air,  dust,  etc.  4.  A  gradation 
of  color;  slight  degree;  minute  difference.  5.  Art.  The 
unilluminated  part  of  a  picture,  drawing,  or  engraving: 
opposed  to  light.  6.  A  disembodied  spirit;  ghost;  in  the 
plural,  the  abode  of  departed  spirits;  Hades.  7.  Some- 
thing unreal ;  a  semblance ;  shadow.  [  <  AS.  scead,  shade.  ] 
Syn.:  see  specter. — shade'less,  a.     -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

sha-doof,  1  stia-duf;  2  shii-doof',  n.  A  water»raising  device, 
operating  on  the  principle  of  a  well=sweep:  used  in  the  Orient 
for  irrigation,  etc.,  as  on  the  Nile.    [Ar.]  sha-duf'i. 

shad'ow,  1  sTiad'o;  2  shad'o.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  cast  a 
shadow;  shade;  darken.  2.  To  foreshow  or  typify 
dimly:  often  with  forth  or  out.  3.  To  follow  as  a  spy; 
dog.  4.  To  work  with  low  gradations  of  color  or  light; 
shade.  5.  To  take  on  a  shadow;  become  darkened.  II. 
n.  1.  Partial  darkness  caused  by  the  interception  of 
light;  also,  the  surface  or  portion  of  a  surface  thus 
darkened;  shade;  gloom;  darkness;  obscurity;  sadness. 
2.  Something  shadowy;  a  type  or  symbol;  a  reflected 
image;  a  shade;  ghost.  3.  A  faint  trace;  slightest  de- 
gree. 4.  Shelter;  covert;  protection.  [  <  AS.  sceadu, 
shadow.]  Syn.:  see  image. — shad'ow-er,  n. — shad'ow- 
graph,  n.  A  skiagraph. — shad 'ow-Iess,  a. — shad'ow-y, 
a.  1.  Full  of  shadows;  producing  shade;  dark.  2.  Like  a 
shadow;  obscure;  vague;  unreal;  ghostly.  3.  Shadowing 
forth;  symbolical.    Syn.:  see  dark;  imaginary;  vain. 

Sha'drach,  1  slie'drak;  2  sha'drac,  n.  1.  Bib.  A  Jewish  cap- 
tive in  Babylon,  who,  together  with  Meshech  and  Abednego, 
was  thrown  into  a  furnace  by  Nebuchadrezzar.  Dan.  1,  7. 
2.  [s-]  Same  as  salamander,  3. 

shad  'y,  1  slied'i ;  2  shad'y,  a.  [shad'i-er;  shad'i-est.]  1. 
Full  of  shade;  casting  a  shade;  shaded  or  sheltered.  2. 
Dubious:  suspicious.  Syn.:  see  dark. — shad'I-ly,  adv. — 
shad'1-ness,  n. 

shaft1,  1  sliaft;  2  shaft,  n.  1.  A  missile  weapon  having  a 
stock  or  stem;  a  spear;  dart;  arrow;  also,  the  stock  or 
stem,  without  the  head.  2.  Anything  that  darts  or 
wounds  like  an  arrow.  3.  Arch.  The  part  of  a  column 
between  capital  and  base;  hence,  something  resembling 
a  column,  as  the  trunk  of  a  tree.  4.  Mech.  An  axle, 
handle,  thill,  or  the  like.  5.  The  scape  of  a  feather.  [< 
AS.  sccafl,  <  scafan,  shave.] — shaft'ed,  a.     Having  a  shaft. 

shaft2,  n.  1.  A  welUlike  excavation  connected  with  a 
mine.  2. 
The  tunnel 
of  a  blast* 
furnace.  [  < 
AS."  sccafl, 
shaft1,  n.] 

Shaftes  '  bur- 
y,  1  sliafts'- 
b  e  r  -  l  ;  2 
shafts'ber-y, 
Anthony 
Ashley  « 
Cooper,  Earl 
of.  1.  An 
English 
statesman 
(1621-1683); 

Lord    Chan- 
cellor.   2.  An  \ 
English  iffi*"* 
stat  esman        shafts  of  a  Mine  in  Vertical  Seotlon. 

and      phllan-     ilit  ,llmtl„.  Ilt^  „,,„„.  ,.  r.  ,,,;,,„    d,d,mtnnot  to  oroua 

t.   Il    r  O    p    I   S  I    ,.,„„,   ,.,  ,. ii.„„.ti,lllf.T..n»  Btrala;    I.   I.  i]..-.;  ./.  II,  fnulU. 

(1801-1885). 
Shag,   1    siiag;  2  shag.      I.   vt.  iv   vi.      [SHAG'aBDd;  siiAd'- 
cinu]     To  make  or  become  shaggy  or  hairy;  roughen 
II.  n.    I.  A  rough  coat  or  mass,  as  of  hair,    2.  a  long 

nap  on  cloth;  also,  cloth  having  a  rough  or  long  nap.     3. 
A  cormorant.     [<  AS.  Hcrarga,  hair  ]      shag'hark",  it. 

The  white  blokory.    Khag'gy.  a,  [shaq/gj  br;  bb  iq'qi-bst  i 
i.  Having,  consisting  of,  or  resembling  r h  hair  or  wool; 

nigged;  rough,    2.  <  'nvered  with  mv  ronizli.  (angled  growth; 


-h  101  n  ■ 

*lllll 


I           i  .'•  ;  full,  rOI-':  l>nt.  I.Orn; 
ill  I      .  .  n>.  not.  or.  u6n.     714 


fun  ■ 


bad 


thai  «i-i) . 
I. 

•  lull.  > 

-tl    lk<    .  I 

I.  shortly 

iidl>   or 

' 

I-  ■. ■  1 1 1 r 1 1 1   or  in. 

■  1 1 — 1 1 1  rl » 
:li  up       6.  [Colloq  , 

:.  trill. 

ict unto,  iliiitcr.  Jar.  toggle, 
quiver,  rattli 
ihrlll,  totter,  tremble. 
t 

i-  forward  and 
\  tree  la 

ndulum,  .>r  pi . 

^  llll    a 

motion 
ilum  .if  :i  clock  may 

a  lifting  from 

m  la  abrupt- 

wlndows.    i;<utling 

tig.    To  joggle 

touch  jnguUs  the  di 

In  Its  literal  use  la  nearly 

•  rUaud  when 

av  the  Latin  agitate  is  preferred 

Saxoi  :iiid  espe- 

trlvances; 

re  transitory  and  super- 

.  luring;  a  per 

Ills  faith, 

-h.ik'.  r.  ■.      i.  one  v.  ■ 
\  member  of  a  communistic  celibate 
Shale  'er-Ism,  n. 
Uialtf,        I .  i  ration; 

'-'  • 
(Colloq.)  The  chill  or  agu>-  of  intermittent  fiver.    4.  A 

I  r  barn-  and  ahan- 

•>■  • ;  a  jiffy.     6.  [Colloq  j  A 

•  trilL     (<  AS.  sceacan,  shake!] — 

-hake 'dow  n".  •        \   bed  ol  straw  shaken  down;  I 
makeshift   !•         -hak'j.  a.     [SBAK'I-BB;  shak'i-i  I. 

-•  or  tremulous;  tottering;  weak;  m 

-•illt  or  solvency;  embarrassed. — 
-hak  i-l> .  -hak  'l-n    --. 

IfQUam 

Shake 'spere  :  Shak'spearet;.      Shake- 

-p    ir'i-au.  a      Pertaining  to  or  resembling  Shakespeare. 

shako.   .  a  high,  stiff  military  hat 

illy  of  fur.      [Hung,    cadkd.] 
-h.i'  ( 
shale  .   .  ,al,  n.     A  fragile  argilla- 

rock,  resembling  slate.    [  <  G.  schale, 

-hah    -.  -baled*,  n.       Having  a 

-hall.  :         :\;  2shal.  r.  HOU>t, 

perative,  or  in- 
fini-  1. 

simple  futurity.    '£.  [shalt, 
shall,  Sd  per.  sing.  <Jt  pi.]     Art  to, 

command,    • 

B  and  trill  are  used  as  auxiliaries 
In  the  slm; 

1  shall:  thou  iff//;  he  trill:  n 
trill;  they  trill.     As  auxiliaries  express- 
ing a  promise,  determination,  threat,  command,  or  permis- 
sion, their  use  ls  pi  •     as  follows:    I  will: 
thou  shall;  he  shall;  we  tcill;  you  shall;  they  shall.    Various 


ciall 


dlHrrlmlnnU)   line  sliadi  ■  of  moaning  \ 

I    ,111  ot. lined   | 

■hal-loon'.  l  A  light,  I]  woven 

i 
thai  lop,  in  open  boa) .  sp<  •  ifi 

i         OF.  I  holuppt  ) 

-hal-lul ',  1  onion«like  culinary 

-<  al  lion  J. 
sbal'low,  |  i.  i  o  make  oi 

hallow      II.  .i      1.  Ila\  mi-  the  bottom  not  i 

low  the  sii i lac r  top;  lacking  depth; shoal     9.  Lacking 

intellectual  depth;  not  wi  e  or  profound;  superficial 
III.         \  mallow  plaoe  in  a  body  of  water;    boal     -I), 

-lies-,  a,  [  \  I  ,  iii.  Q 

Shal"man-e'scr,  I  snal'ma  ,  n    nth. 

-bait    .  i.,,/   ,,f  sii  m.i..  i 

shaJ'y,  1    ■■  I  i;  g  sbal'y,  ,i.    Pertaining  to  or  like  shale, 
sham,  l  anajn;  2  ah&m.    I.    I  &         [bhamuko,  obamd*; 
siiwiMim;  |     To  pretend    falsely;    simulate;    feign. 

II.  a      Being    i     ham;  pretended;  counterfeit;  mock. 

III.  1.  A  false  pn  tense;  imposture;  deception;  a  de- 
ceptive imitation,  as  for  ornament,  '■!.  1 1 in'  win i  affects 
or  simulates  a  certain  character;  a  pretender,    sliam'- 

iio  r    .     |i  cirr.  of  su  uo.] 

Bra  :  (verb)  see  couNTSRrarr;  prktsns;  (adjectlvi 
titiiii  b;  (noun]  h i poobibi 
shamble.  ]        m'bl:  2  sham'bl.    Lit    [bbam'bl(e)dp; 

su  wi'iiun,;  ]  'l'o  walk  with  shuffling  nr  unsteady  gait. 
II.         \  shambling  walk;  Bhuffling  gait. 

sham 'hies,  1   sham'lilz;  2  sham'bl-.  n    vl.      A,  slaughter* 

house;  a  meat  "market.  [<  L.*8  Bcamellwn,  little  bench.] 

Shame,]      bSm    '..'ham.     I.  rl.     [BHAMEn;  SHAM'otq.]     1. 

To  make  ashamed;  abase  in  one's  seLf*esteem;  mortify; 
abash;  disgrace.  '£.  To  impel  by  a  sense  of  Bhame;  with 
Of.  3||.  To  mock  at;  ileride.  Syn.:  see  \n\sn. 
II.  n.  1.  A  painful  sense  of  guilt  or  degradation  caused 
by  consciousness  of  guilt  or  of  anything  degrading,  un- 
worthy, or  immodest,  'i.  The  restraining  sense  ol  pride 
8,  That  which  brings  reproach ;  a  disgrace. 
•   .  .'<■   of  iKnominy.      (<    AS.    scamu,   shame.] 

Syn.:  see  abomination;  chagrin.—  shame'ful,  a.  Deserv- 
ing shame  or  disgrace;  disgraceful;  scandalous;  indecent 
Syn.:  see  flaqBANt;  ini A\tors.--shame'ful-ly,  adr. — 
gbame'ful-ness.n.    -shamc'less,,.    Immodest;  Impudent. 

Syn.:  see  infamous;  immodest;  impudent.  Bhameless- 
ly,  adr. — shamc'less-ness,  n.     Syn.:  see  BPTBONTEBT. 

shame'faced",    1    sliem'fest";   2   shfun'fact",  a.       i 

abashed;  showing  shame  or  bashfulnesa  in  one's  face; 

t;  bashful.     [<  AS.  scamu,  shame,  +  fxst ,  fast.] 
sbanie'fastt.     -ly,  adv.     -ness,  n.  lolst;  shain'o>:. 

sham 'my,  1  sham'i;  2  sham'y,  n.    Same  as  CD  IMOIS,  sham'- 

sham-poo',  1  sTiam-pu';  2  sham-poo'.  I.  vt.  To  wash 
and  rub  or  kneail  thoroughly,  as  the  skin  of  the  head  or 
body.  II.  n.  The  act  or  process  of  shampooing.  [  < 
Hind,  chGmpnd,  press. 1 — sham-poo'er,  n. 

sham 'rock,  1  Miam'rok;  2  Bh&m'rok,  n.     Any  one  of  several 
trifollolate    plants,    as    the   white   clover, 
accepted  as  the  national  emblem  of   Ire- 
land. 

Shantr'hal,   1  .<harj'hcil:   2  shanc'hl,  n.      A 
•  of  X.  E.  China;  pop    1,0 
shanc'hal,   r/.     [Xaut    Slang.]     To  ship 
as  a  sailor  when  drugged. 

shank,  1  sliarjk;  2  shank,  n.  1.  The  leg 
between  the  knee  and  the  ankle  •». 
The  tarsus  of  a  bird.  .'1.  Something 
resembling  a  leg,  as  the  shaft  of  a  tool 
connecting  with  the  handle,  etc.  4. 
Same  as  pedicel.  [  <  AS.  scanca,  <^i 
shank.] 

sha'n't,  1  shont;2  shant.  [Colloq.]  Shall 
not ;   written  also    I 

shan't}',  1  slian'ti;    2  shan'ty,  n.    [shan'- 

tiesz,    pi.]     A  cabin  or  rickety  dwell-     Shamrock  or 
Ira;,   shan'tee:.   Syn.:  see  inn-i.,  HUT         Wblte  Clover. 

shape,  1  ship;  2  sh&p.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  a,  wciion  of  >  <\u-n. 
[shaped*  (ranly  nii.w'kn,  anciently 
suoi''i;ni;  siiAe'iNi;.]  1.  To  cause  to  assume  a  de  ired 
shape;  mold;  form;  model.  2.  To  adjust  or  adapt  to 
a  particular  end;  modify.  3.  To  form  in  the  mind; 
Imagine.    Syn.:  see  makk. 

II.  n.     1.  Outward  form  or  construction;  configuration; 
ir    'i.  A  developed  expression  or  definite  state- 
ment ;  application;  embodiment ;  cast;  as,  to  put  an  idea 

into  nhapt .  '.I.  A  being,  image,  or  appearance  considered 
with  reference  to  its  form:  generally  incorporeal.    4.  The 

character  or  form  in  which  a  thing  appears;  gui-'  ;  as- 
pect. 5.  Something  that  gives  ,,r  determines  form;  a 
pattern,     6.  The  lines  of  a  person's  body;  figure.     7. 


1: » =  final;    l  =  habtt^   aisle;    ail  =  out;    ell;    iu  =  feud;    ciiin;    go;    fr)  =  sing;    thin,   this,      shagreen 
715     2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,  burn;  dil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  Shed 


[Colloq.]  Manner  of  execution;  also,  condition  as  re- 
garding fitness.  [<  AS.  sceapan,  shape.] — shap'er,  n. 
One  who  or  that  which  shapes;  a  planing  or  stamping  ma- 
chine for  metals,  etc.— shape'less,  a.  Having  no  definite 
shape;  lacking  symmetry;  formless.  -ly,  ndv.  -ness,  re. — 
shape 'ly,  a.  [shape'li-er;  shape'li-est.]  Having  a  pleas- 
ing shape;  graceful. — shape 'll-ness,  re.  Syn.:  see  symmetry. 

shard  ||,  1  sliard;  2  shard,  re.  1.  A  broken  piece,  as  of  an  earth- 
en vessel;  a  potsherd.  2.  A  hard,  thin  shell  or  a  wing=cover. 
[<  AS.  sceran,  shear.] — shard  '=borne"t,  a.  Borne  on 
scaly  wings,  as  a  beetle. 

share1,  1  sTiar;  2  shar,  v.  [shared;  shar'ing.]  I.  t.  1. 
To  give  a  part  of  to  another  or  others;  divide:  followed 
by  with.  2.  To  enjoy  or  endure  in  common;  participate 
in.  3.  To  divide  into  portions;  distribute;  apportion: 
with  between  or  among.  4f.  To  cut  in  two.  II.  i.  To 
have  a  part;  participate.  Syn.:  see  apportion. — shar'er,  n. 

shared ||,  vt.    To  cut;  shear.    [Var.  of  shear,  v.] 

Share1,  n.  1.  A  portion;  allotted  or  equitable  part.  2. 
One  of  the  equal  parts  into  which  the  capital  stock  of  a 
company  or  corporation  is  divided.  3.  An  equitable 
part  of  something  enjoyed  or  suffered  in  common.  4f. 
A  severed  part;  cut;  slice.  [<  AS.  sceam,  <  sceran, 
shear.]  Syn.:  see  part. — share 'hold"er,  re.  An  owner  of  a 
share  or  shares  of  a  company's  stock;  a  stockholder. 

share2,  re.  1.  A  plowshare,  shear  1 .  2.  A  blade,  as  of  a 
cultivator.     [  <  AS.  scear,  <  sceran,  shear.] 

shark",  1  sliark;  2  shark,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  gain  by  sharp  prac- 
tise: with  out.  2.  To  pick  up  in  haste  or  clandestinely:  with 
up.    II.  i.    To  practise  the  arts  of  a  shark  or  swindler. 

shark2',  vi.    To  fish  for  sharks. 

shark1,  n.  A  voracious  cartilaginous  fish  having  lateral 
gill  »  open- 


man-eater  of  warm  seas,  sometimes  40  feet  long.     [  <  Gr.L 
karcharias,  a  kind  of  shark.] 

shark2,  re.  1.  A  bold  and  greedy  rogue  or  rapacious  swindler. 
2t.  The  arts  of  a  sharper.     [<  shark1,  re.]     shark 'ert. 

Shar'on,  1  sliar'an;  2  shar'on,  re.  Bib.  A  plain  in  W.  Palestine. 

sharp,  1  sTicirp;  2  sharp,  vt.  &vi.  1.  To  sharpen.  2.  Mus. 
To  raise  in  pitch,  as  by  a  half  step;  sing  or  play  above 
the  right  pitch.  3.  To  act  the  sharper.  [  <  AS.  scearp.] 
— sharp  'er,  re.    A  swindler. 

sharp,  a.  1.  Having  a  keen  edge  or  an  acute  point; 
capable  of  cutting  or  piercing.  2.  Coming  to  an  acute 
angle;  not  obtuse;  angular;  abrupt.  3.  Keen  of  percep- 
tion or  discernment.  4.  Ardent;  quick;  eager,  as  the 
appetite;  impetuous;  vigilant.  5.  Affecting  the  mind 
or  senses,  as  if  by  cutting  or  piercing;  afflictive;  poign- 
ant; censorious;  acrimonious;  rigorous;  stern;  sarcastic; 
bitter.  6.  Shrill.  1.  Pinching;  cutting,  as  cold.  8. 
Having  a  stinging  acid  or  pungent  taste.  9.  Distinct, 
as  an  outline;  not  blurred  or  hazy.  10.  Mus.  Being 
above  the  proper  or  indicated  pitch;  sharped. 

Syn.:  acute,  cutting,  keen,  penetrating,  piercing,  pointed. 
See  acid;  acute;  astute;  bitter;  clever;  pine;  knowing; 

SAGACIOUS;  STEEP;  VIOLENT.  — Ant.:  blunt,  dull, dulled, edge- 
less,  flat,  obtuse,  pointless,  round,  rounded. 

— sharp'en,  vt.  &  vt.  To  make  or  become  sharp.  In  any 
sense.— sharp 'cn-cr,  re. — sharp'ly,  adv. — sharp'ness,  «. 
Syn.:  see  acrimony;  acumen;  violence. 
sharp,  «.  1.  Mus.  (1)  A  character  is>  used  on  a  natural 
degree  of  the  staff  to  make  it  represent  a  pitch  a  ball 
Step  higher.  (2)  The  tout-  so  indicated.  2.  A  long 
and  slender  needle.  3.  A  sharper.  4f.  A  sword  for 
dueling. 

sharp,  adv.  1.  In  a  sharp  manner;  sharply.  2.  [Colloq.] 
Promptly;  exactly;   on  the  instant. — sharp'=sc(",  a. 

Prepared  like  a  saw  for  culling;  hence,  keen;  eager;  fierce; 
also,    ravenous;   hungry.— sharp 'shoof'er,   n.      A    skilled 
marksman. — s.=wltted,  a.     Acute;  Intelligent;  discerning, 
Syn.:  see  intelligent;  sagacious. 
sharpie,  1  Shfirp'i;  2  sharr/l,  re.  [U.S.]  a  long.  flat>bottomed, 

two-rnasted  centerboard  boat.     |<  BHABP,  O.]     sharp'yf. 
Sharps 'burg,  1  STiurps'bOrg;    2  shiirps'burg,  re.      A  town  In 
N.  W.  Maryland;  scene  of  the  battle  of  Antletam. 


Shas'ta,  1  sTias'ta;  2  shas'ta,  re.  A  mountain  in  N.  California; 
14,380  ft.  high;  second  highest  peak  in  the  United  States. 

Shat'ter,  1  shat'er;  2  shat'er,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  break  into 
many  pieces;  fall  or  fly  in  pieces;  smash;  shiver.  2.  To 
break  the  health  or  tone  of,  as  the  body  or  mind;  defeat, 
as  an  army  or  a  plan;  derange;  dissipate;  disorder.  3. 
To  have  a  sound  as  of  breaking  or  crashing.  [Var.  of 
scatter.)  Syn.:  see  break.— shat'ter-y,  a.  Easily  crum- 
bling or  shattering;  not  compact;  loose  of  texture;  brittle. 

Shave,  1  shev;  2  shav.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [shaved;  shav'en  or 
shaved;  shav'ing.]  1.  To  make  bare  or  smooth  by 
scraping;  remove,  as  hair  or  beard,  with  a  razor.  2.  To 
remove  from  the  surface  with  an  edged  instrument: 
sometimes  with  off.  *3.  To  skim  along  the  surface  of; 
graze  past;  slice  very  thin.  4.  To  cheat;  fleece;  strip.  5. 
[Colloq.,  U.  S.]  To  buy  (commercial  paper)  at  a  greater 
reduction  than  the  bank  discount.  II.  re.  1.  The  act  of 
shaving.  2.  A  knife  or  blade,  mounted  between  two 
handles,  as  for  shaving  wood.  draw'=shave"J;  spoke's 
Shaye"j.  3.  A  shaving.  4.  An  extra  discount  paid  for 
cashing  a  note  or  draft.  5.  [Colloq.]  A  narrow  escape. 
[  <  AS.  scafan,  shave.) — shave'ling,  re.  One  who  is  shaven; 
opprobriously,  a  monk. — shav'er,  re.  1.  One  who  shaves; 
sharper.  2.  [Colloq.]  A  lad.— shav'ing,  re.  1.  The  act  of 
one  who  shaves.  2.  A  thin  paring  shaved  from  anything,  as 
a  board. 

Shaw,  1  sTie;  2  sha,  n.  1.  George  Bernard  (1856-  ),  an 
Irish  novelist,  essayist,  and  playwright.  2.  Henry  Wheeler 
(1818-1885),  an  American  humorist;  pseudonym,  "Josh 
Billings." 

Shawan'gunk  moun'tains,  1  slien'gum;  2  shan'gum.  A 
range  in  S.  E.  New  York. 

shawl,  1  sliel;  2  shal,  n.  A  wrap,  as  a  square  of  cloth, 
or  large  broad  scarf,  worn  over  the  upper  part  of  the 
body.    [  <  Per.  shal,  shawl.] 

shawm  ||,  1  sTiem;  2  sham,  re.  A  reed=instrument,  no  longer 
used:  inaccurately,  a  cornet  or  horn.  [<  F.  chalemie,  pipe, 
<  LL.  calamellus,  dim.  of  L.  calamus;  see  calamus. 1 

Shaw-nee',  1  sTie-nl';  2  sha-ne',  re.  An  Algonkian  tribe  of 
North=American  Indians  formerly  living  in  south  central 
United  States.  [taking  chaise  for  a  plural. 

shay,  1  s"he;  2  sha,  re.  A  chaise:  a  corruption  due  to  mis- 
shell,  1  sni;  2  she,  re.    A  female;  woman. 

she,  pron.  [her  or  hers,  poss.;  her,  obj. ;  they,  nom.  pi.; 
their  or  theirs,  poss.  pi.;  them,  obj.  pi.]  This  or  that 
woman  or  female  named  or  understood;  the  feminine  pro- 
noun of  the  3d  person.    [<  AS.  seo,  fem.  of  se,  that.) 

sheaf,  1  sTiif ;  2  shef ,  vt.  &  vi.  To  bind  up  in  a  sheaf ;  sheave. 

sheaf1,  re.  [sheaves,  pi.]  1.  A  quantity  of  the  stalks  of 
cut  grain  or  the  like,  bound  together.  2.  Any  collection 
of  things,  as  papers,  held  together  by  a  band  or  tie. 
[  <  AS.  seed/,  <  scufan,  shove.] 

sheaf2,  re.    Same  as  sheave,  n. 

shear,  1  shir;  2  sher,  vt.  &  vi.  [sheared  or  shore, 
sheard8;  sheared  or  shorn;  shear'ing.]  1.  To  clip 
close  with  shears  or  scissors:  applied  either  to  the  sub- 
stance severed  or  to  the  body  from  which  it  is  cut.  2. 
To  deprive  of  possessions;  strip;  fleece.  [  <  AS.  sceran, 
shear.]     Syn.:  see  cut. — shear'er,  re. — shear'wa"ter,  re. 

1.  One  of  a  group  of  sea=birds  related  to  the  petrels,  found 
In  nearly  all  seas.    2.  The  stem  of  a  vessel;  cutwater. 

shears,  1  slilrz;  2  sherg,  re.  sing.  &  pi.  1.  Any  large  cut- 
ting* or  clipping=instrument  worked  by  the  crossing  of 
cutting  edges.  2.  The  ways  or  guides,  as  of  a  lathe. 
3.  The  side=frames  of  a  steam  fire-engine.  4.  Same  as 
sheers.     [<  AS.  sceara,  <  sceran,  shear.] 

sheath,  1  siMCh;  2  sheth,  n.  1.  An  envelop  or  ease,  as 
for  a  sword;  scabbard.  2.  A  ease  enclosing  a  part  or  an 
organ,  as  the  lower  part  of  the  leaves  in  grasses.  [< 
AS.  scedth,  sheath.]  shethet.— sheathe,  rt.  [sheathed; 
sheatii'ing.]  To  put  into  or  as  into  a  sheath;  cover;  con- 
ceal; protect  with  covering,  as  the  hull  of  a  ship  with  metal. 
— sheath'iilK,  «.  1.  A  casing,  as  of  a  building,  or  lire  pro- 
tective covering  of  a  ship's  hull.  2.  The  act  Ol  One  Who 
sheathes,    -shealli'less,  a.   Destitute  of  a  Sheath. 

sheave,  1  snlv;  2  shev,  vt.    To  gather  Into  sheaves;  collect. 

sheave,  u.  1.  A  grooved  pulleywheel;  also,  a  pulley* 
wheel  and  its  block,    IS,  An  eccentric,  or  its  disk, 

sheaves,  1  shlvz;  2  shevs,  n.    Plural  of  .sheaf. 

Slie'ha,  1  sTU'bo;  2  BhB'ba,  n.  />'/'».  A  country  Ol  S.  Arabia. 
Whose  queen  visited  Solomon.     /  Kings,  x. 

shed,  1  .sliced;  2  shed,  vt.  &  vi,    [shed;  shed'dinq.]    1.  Ta 

t  hrow  oil  from  t  Ire  surface,  as  a.  snake  ils  skin  or  a  liinl 

its  feathers;  east  off;  molt,    2.  To  Buffer  or  oause  to  How 

mil ,  as  tears  or  blood;  emit.     3.  To  turn  off  or  aside,  as 

rain;  flow  off.    4.  To  divide;  separate:  obsolete  except 

in  weaving.     5.  To  lose  or  east  oil  SOmel  hing  by  process 

of  nature,  as  hair,  feathers,  seed,  leaves,  a  skin;  molt. 
[<  AS.  sceSdan,  separate.]    shed'der,  n.    I.  One  who  sheds. 

2.  An  animal  that  sheds  or  Iras  lately  shed  Its  skin,  as  a  crub. 


Irt;  fat.  fl  I  It.  polfe*!    »  ••       o'.fir;   full,  rule;  but,  born; 

ape.  (At,  larv,  Mat,  »h»     i  .  py,  fAru;  hit,  1       i  i  0     (t,v,irte,  T II 


v 
■  Kill 

il    >>r    -.uli  1 


lianl 

,  reflection 

-lie,  ii    >  . 

I 


».«,, 


A 


(Lf 


t  the  EH 

hmAi   i.  peUi  *.  wck; 


Nomenclature 

'    lilDti  'I.  »nklr.]'.|M 
.  •  I ;    r,  ili.ni  1 


sll.d 
O.I|. 

.II.     I     .  I 

-h.  i  . 

»h«-ru    . 

-hi  .  n    .   . 
-!  .  ,-u. 

-h.  .  |'. 

I 

i.     I 
4. 

■i  ding 

-h.  i  p  -km 

V  - 

-Ii.  .  p     .  ..!.".    n.        V 

-    fold,     • 

.     are    en- 

ut       Illgllt 

IllMlk. 

-III.    |l     l-ll. 

Awkwardly     diffident; 

-i>.  -ness,  it. — slioep's'.e)!-".  n,    a  bash- 

ful, isllj   in  the  plural. 

-ii.  ■  |.-  ii.  i.l    .  1.    \  common  food-llsh  of  the  Atlantic 

coast  Of  the  I'nlt.  .'•.  A  foolish  or  silly  person. 

-.  -hr.irhu  .if  shearing  Bheep;  also,  the  shear- 

ing v  .  ■beep'akin*,  a.    The  akin  ol  a  sheep,  tanned  or 

uni.i-  made  from  it.  ;ls  parchment;  :*i-... 

a  document  written  on  parchment;  hence,  in  college  Maim,  a 
dintoo        iheep'walk".  a,     i<;r.  Mrit  ]    a  paBture»range 
-Ii.  i  1>    r.nirir  -      -lieep'=run":  [Austral.], 

-in  i  r.  I.  To  swerve  from  a  course:  turn 

•■a.l.  [<D.*cAeren,shear.] 
-heer.  1.   Having  no  modifying  conditions;  unmiii- 

lute;  downright;  utter,    2.  Exceedingly  thin 
and;.  :t.  Perpendicular;  steep,    Af»Pure; 

pellucid.   [<  Ice.  starrr;  cp.  AS.  sclr,  clear.]    Syn.:  see  pure; 
-  ;••.—  sheer,  sheerl),  adt.    Immediately;  entirely, 
-heir,  I.  rpward  curve  ol  the  lines  of  a  vessel's 

hui.      .'.  ing  or  curving  course. 

BlM  •  r-n.  --  .  :  sher-nes',  n.    A  seaport  and  dock- 

yard in  s.  E.  England;  pop,  17,500. 
-heer-.  ;  An  apparatus  of  poles  or  spars 

and  hoisting'tackl.-  for  raising  weights,  as  in  loading  a 
vessel.   [Var.  of  BHZABs.]   Shears^;  sheerMegs" 
sheet..  I.         L  To  cover  or  envelop  as  in 

s;  shroud.    2.  To  furnish  with 
spread  ou;  rpand.    II.  n. 

1.    \  very  thin  and  broad  piece  of  any  substance,  as  of 
paper  or  m  loth  for  a  bed;  any  broad,  flat 

surface,  a-  '..  A  rope  or  chain  from  a  lower 

corner  of  the  sa..  ■  or  move  it.    3.  A  sail:  a 

beet,    <  sceSt,  corner.]  — 
-h.  .  i     .m"chor,  n.     One  of  two  anchors  for  use  only  In 
rgeoey;  figuratively,  a  sure  dependence. — sheet 'Ing,  n. 
i  ense.    2.  Material  for  making 

-.  Higbtnlng,  n.    Lightning  appearing  as 
a  momentary  and   broadly  diffused  radiance  In  thi 
caused  by  I  ..f  a  distant  lightriing«flash.— s.< 

pile,  n.     A  thick  plank  driven  as  a  pile,  as  In  a  coHcr»dam. 
-in  rn.  i.l.  .  ».  A  town  In  N.E.England; 

■  for  lis  steel-  and  Ironworks;  pop.  400,000. 

-lieik.  .  .    beat,  n.    In  Mohammedan  countries,  a 

rable  man;  the  head  of  a  tribe.     [<  A 

M  helk:;  shalk:;  sheikh:;  sheyk;.  -Sheik 
ul  Islam,  the  head  of  the  hierarchy  In 
Tur- 

.shek'el,  1  gbek/el;2  sheVel,  n.    1.  An 

Assyrian  and  Babylonian  weight.  2. 

A  Ii  |    f-oin    worth  about 

GO  cents.     3.  pi.     [Slang.]     I 
[eb.  theqeft 
»>hi-urnah,  1  sTu-kal'na:  28he-kl'na.  n. 

JevUh  Theol.    A  cloud  of  glory  which 
rnpanled  the  tabernacle  of  the  Jews, 

as  the  symbol  of  the  divine  presence, 
shel  drake",  1  .fherdrek';  2  shel'drak', 

goo-*~llke  duck.     [<    ME.  scheldrat, 

drake,  drake.) 
shelf  ,  1  -.-..-If;  2  shelf,  n.    [shelves,  pi]  A  board  or  slab 


Sheldrake 
'/u 


An  Old  World 
.hi  id.  shield,   + 


sit    li..li/i.nlall\    :  .■.   .11   I.,  lupporl    aili- 

booka     |«    \s  -.-,■'.'•.  shelf .]     shelf  Till,  n. 

shell.  \   !!  ,1   |.l..ji  illli;  ]      shelf'),.! 

•hell,  i  I  i.       i.l...  qoIom  in  ..i  divt  i 

-lul  ,  I  of  a  ihell;  separate  from  the  oob.  as  [ndiai 
.'.   n>  bombard  with  shells,  as  a  fort     .'I.  ?o  oover  with 

I,  I  ..  i.  in. >\  e  or  disi  i    m,  aa  b  i  ifle 

II.  ,      I.  To    bed  the  hu  I       2.   I  o  I  ill  off,   i    ..    bell  oi 

-111  II    el. 

■bell,  I  •      l.  \  haul  itructure,  incasing  an  anim 
ibelr,  I  or  fi  mi     '.'.  ol,  oi  frame- 

work; a  Light  racing  rowboal  3.  \  hollow  metallic  pro 
iectile  filled  «  n  h  an  exp  I  illic  cart  ridi 

for  brecchdoading  .-mall  arn  mectili       I . 

I  be  .  itei  oal  eai .  aui  tela     •».  I  Poel  |  The  l\  re 
nally  a  stringed  tortoise-shell.    |-    AS  «c«U,  shell.] 

shell '  llsh",  .,      \ir.    aquatic  animal  ha\  Ing  a  shell,  as  a 

mollusk     shell'. ie--.        -.  proof,. i    So  constructed  as  to 

restst  Injury  frmn  shells       sliell'work",  n.     Work  wrought 

or  ornamented  with  sheila    shell'),  a, 
shei-iae'.  l     i  .   i  ■',/;.(  'iu.l.-  lac  melted 

into  plates  or  cakes  for  varnish,    |  ■.  mh  i.i.    (   lac*,  n.] 

shel  'lack". ;  -lull'  lar"t. 
-  Ii«-ll  'hark",  n.     Bee  Ml.  M.iii 

shell 'drake*,  a.    Same  as  sbxldrakx.    ibell'duckfft< 
Shelley,  l  snel'i;  2  shel'y,  Percy  Byashe  (1792  1822),    An 

I    ,hirL.  elc. 

shel'ter,  1  inel'ter;2  shelter,  vt  .v-  m  1.  To  cover  from 
harm  or  danger;  screen;  shield.    2,  To  house.    :t  .   ro 

take  shelter.  [<  AS.  si  !/l<l.  shield,  •  (ruma,  battalion.] 
Syn.:  cover,  defend,  guard,  harbor,  protect,  Bcreen,  shield, 
ward.  Anything  Is  covered  when  something  is  completely 
extended  over  It:  a  vessel  Is  covered  wiih  a  lid;  the  head  Is 
cuririii  with  a  hat .  Thai  which  covers  may  also  defend  or 
protect;  thus,  troops  Interposed  between    lome  portion  ..f 

their  own  army  and  the  enemy  are  often  called  a  covering 
parly.  To  slulur  Is  to  curcr  so  as  to  protect  from  Injury  or 
annoyance;   as,    the   roof   shelters   from    the   storm;    woods 

shelter  fr.im  the  heat.  To  defend  (Latin  defendere,  to  strike 
away)  Implies  the  actual,  protect  (Latin  prolegcre,  to  cover 
before)  Implies  the  possible  use  of  force  or  resisting  power; 
tvari  implies  sustained  vigilance  with  readiness  for  conflict; 

we  defend  a  person  or  thing  against  actual  attack;  we  guard 
or  prohct  against  possible  assault  or  Injury.  A  powerful 
person  may  protect  one  who  Is  weak  by  simply  declaring 
himself  his  friend;  he  defends  him  by  some  form  of  active 
championship.  An  Inanimate  object  may  protect,  as  a  gar- 
ment from  cold:  defend  Is  used  but  rarely,  and  by  somewhat 
violent  metaphor,  in  such  connection.  Protect  Is  more  com- 
plete than  guard  or  defend;  an  object  may  be  faithfully 
guarded  or  bravely  defended  In  vain,  but  that  which  Is  pro- 
tictid  Is  secure.  See  cherish.  Compare  synonyms  for 
HIDE;  DEFENSE. — Ant.:  betray,  cast  out,  expel,  expose,  give 
up,  refuse,  reject,  surrender. —  Prep.:  shelter  under  a  roof 
from  the  storm:  in  the  fortress,  behind  or  within  the  walls, 
from  attack.-  shel 'ter-er,  n 

shel'ter,  n.  1.  That  which  covers  or  shields  from  expo- 
sure or  danger;  a  place  of  safety;  refuge;  retreat.  'I. 
The  state  of  being  sheltered  or  protected;  security.  3. 
A  cover.    4||.  One  who  protects;  a  guardian 

Syn.:  asylum,  cover,  covert,  defense,  harbor,  haven,  pro- 
tection, refuge,  retreat,  sanctuary,  shield.  Sec  DEFENSE. 
Ant.:  assault,  attack,  danger,  exposure,  onslaught,  peril. — 
Prep.:  a  Shelter  for  the  needy  in  his  distress; /rom  I  he  storms; 
from  the  enemy's  Are. — shel'ter-lcss,  a.  1.  Destitute  of 
shelter;  homeless.    2.  Affording  no  shelter.  [shell ')  {. 

shell 'Ie,   1   shelt'i;  2  shelt'l,  n.     [Scot.)     A  Shetland  pony. 

shelve1,)  1    sh.lv;    2    shelv,    vt.     [shelved,    shelvd8; 

~lnl>   ,    |  SHBLV'nra.]     1.  To  lay  on  the  shelf;  postpone 

indefinitely;  put  aside;  retire.    2.  To  provide  or  fit  with 

ues.  [shelv 'y,  a. 

shelve2,    vi.       To    incline    gradually;    slope    gently.— 

Shem,  1  sliem;  2  shfim,  n.  Bib.  The  eldest  son  of  Noah.  Gen. 
v,  32. — Shem 'lie,  Sbem-it'lc,  etc.    Same  as  SEMITE,  etc 

Shen"an-do'ah,  1  snen"an-d5'a;  2  shfin'an-do'a,  n.  1.  A 
valley  In  W.  Virginia,  scene  of  various  battles  during  the 
Civil  War.  2.  A  river  In  Virginia  and  West  Virginia;  200  m. 
to  the  Potomac. 

shend,  1  Shend;  1  shend,  v.  [bhent;  shend'ing.)  1. 1.  l||.To 
bring  to  shame;  disgrace.  2t.  To  chide;  scold.  3t.Todefeat: 
destroy.     II.  i.     To  be  ruined.    [  <  AS.  scendan,  ruln.l 

She'ol,  1  slif'ol;  2  she'ol,  n.  The  underworld;  place  of  de- 
parted spirits.     [  <  Heb.  she'61,  cave.] 

sbep'herd,  1  sTiep'ard;  2  shep'erd.  I.  vt.  To  watch  and 
tend  as  a  shepherd;  guard;  protect.  II.  n.  1.  A  keeper 
of  sheep.  2.  Figuratively,  a  pastor,  leader,  or  guide.  3. 
Poet.  A  pastoral  swain. — shep 'herd-ess,  n.  fern. — 
shepherd  kings,  the  kings,  supposedly  of  Semitic  origin, 
that  ruled  over  Egypt  at  Memphis  (2214-1703?  B.  C.).— 
shep'herd'8'purse",  n.  A  common  weed,  bearing  small 
white  flowers  and  notched  triangular  pods  (whence  Its  name)- 


717 


l:d=  final;    i  =  hablt;    alale;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    Q  =  aing;    thin,   this-  shed 

2:wQlf,  dp;  book,   boot,  full,   rule,  cure,   but,  burn;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  ship 


sher'bet,  1  sTiur'bet;  2  sher'bfit,  n.  1.  A  flavored  water- 
ice.  2.  An  Oriental  drink,  of  fruit-juice  sweetened  and 
diluted  with  water  and  sometimes  cooled  with  snow. 
[Turk.,  <  Ar.  slmrbat,  <  s/iariba,  he  drank.) 

Sherd,  1  sfiuTd;2  sherd,  re.  A  fragment  of  pottery:  often 
in  composition;  as,  potsherd.  [  <  AS.  sceard;  see  sharp.] 

Sher'i-dan,  1  stier'i-dan;  2  sher'i-dan,  n.  1.  Philip  Henry 
(1831-1888),  a  United  States  general  in  the  Civil  War.  2. 
Richard    Brinsley    (1751-1816),    an    English    dramatist. 

sher'iff,  1  slier'if ;  2  shSr'if,  n.  The  chief  administrative 
officer  of  a  county,  who  executes  the  mandates  of  courts, 
etc.  [  <  AS.  scire  (see  shire)  +  gerefa,  officer.] — sher'- 
iff-al-ty,  re.  [-ties2,  pi.}  The  office,  functions,  jurisdiction, 
or  term  of  office  of  a  sheriff,  sher'lff-hoodj;  sher'iff- 
shipt;  shriev'al-tyf. — sher'lff-dom,  re.  The  territory  or 
district  under  a  sheriff's  jurisdiction:  usually  a  county. 

Sher'man,  1  sTiur'man;  2  sher'man,  re.  1.  James  School- 
craft (1855-1912),  an  American  statesman;  Vice-President. 
2.  John  (1823-1900),  an  American  statesman;  Secretary  of 
State.  3.  Roger  (1721-1793),  an  American  statesman; 
signer  of  Declaration  of  Independence.  4.  William  T^'- 
cumseh  (1820-1891),  a  United  States  general  in  the  Civil 
War;  led  march  from  Atlanta  to  the  sea,  1864. 

sher'ry,  1  sTier'i;  2  sheVy,  n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  The  white 
wines  of  Jerez,  Spain,  or  a  wine  made  in  imitation  of 
these,  as  in  California,    sher'rist;     sher'risssack"t. 

Slier 'wood  For 'est,  1  shOr'wud;  2  sher'wobd.  A  forest  in 
central  England;  celebrated  in  the  Robin  Hood  legends. 

Shet'land  Is 'lands,  1  sTiet'Isnd;  2  shet'land.  An  island 
group  N.  of  Scotland;  100  islands  of  551  sq.  m.;  pop.  26,410; 
capital,  Lerwick. — Shetland  pony,  one  of  a  hardy  breed 
of  small  horses  from  the  Shetland  Islands. 

shew||,  shew 'bread",  etc.    Same  as  show,  etc. 

shew'ert,  re.    Same  as  shower. 

shib  'bo-leth,  1  Shib'o-leth ;  2  shib'o-leth,  n.  A  test* word 
or  pet  phrase  of  a  party.    [Heb. ;  see  Judges  xii,  4-6.] 

shield,  1  srilld;  2  sheld.    IJ.  vt.    To  protect  from  danger 
as  with  a  shield;  defend;  guard.     II.  n.  1. 
A    broad  piece  of  defensive  armor,  com- 
monly carried  on  the  left  arm;    a    large 
buckler.      2.  Something  that  protects  or 
defends;  a  defender;  shelter.     3.  Any 
device  for  covering  or  protecting  some- 
thing.   4.  Her.    The  escutcheon  upon 
which  emblems  of  heraldry  are  de- 
picted.   5.   Biol.    Some  plate-like 
protective    part.      [  <    AS.    said, 
shield.]     Syn.:  (verb)  see  shelter; 
(noun)    see     defense.  —  shield '» 
fern",  re.     A  fern  so  called  from  Its 
shield-shaped  sporangia. 

Shift*,  1  shift;  2  shift,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To 
change  or  move  from  one  position 
to  another;  vary;  change,  as  in 
form  or  character.  2.  To  change 
for  another  or  others  of  the  same 
class.  II.  i.  1.  To  change  place, 
form,  or  character.  2.  To  try 
varied  expedients;  do  the  best  one 
can;  manage.  3.  To  evade;  equivocate.  ]  <  AS.  sciflan, 
divide.]     Syn.:  see  change;  convey. — shlft'er,  re. 

Shift,  re.  1.  The  act  of  shifting.  2.  A  contrivance  adopted 
in  the  absence  of  direct  means;  substitute;  expedient; 
artifice;  trick;  evasion.  3.  An  undergarment;  chemise. 
4.  A  relay  of  workmen;  also,  the  working  time  of  each 
gang. — shift'Iess,  a.  Inefficient;  incapable;  improvi- 
dent. Syn.:  see  improvident.— shift 'less-ly,  adv.  —  shift  '- 
less-ness,  re. — shlft'y,  a.  [shift'i-eh;  shift'i-est.]  1. 
Full  of  expedients;  alert;  capable.  2.  Artful;  tricky;  fickle, 
shift 'i-ly,  adv.—  shift 'l-ness,  re. 

shil-la'lah,  1  slii-le'la;2  shi-lala,  re.  A  stout  cudgel.  [< 
Shillelagh,  barony  In  Ireland,  famous  for  its  oaks.j  shll- 
Ic'laht;  shll-la'lyf.    Syn.:  see  stick. 

shil'Iing,  1  sliil'in;  2  shil'ing,  re.  1.  A  current  silver  coin 
of  (Ireat  Britain,  worth  24  cents.  2.  [U.  S]  A  former 
denomination  of  money,  varying  in  value  from  12J  to 
Kiij  cents.  3.  The  Spanish  real,  worth  12.}  cents.  [< 
AS.  xcillinq.]  -king's  (or  queen's)  shilling,  a  shilling  for- 
merly banded   to  a  recruit    Joining   the    Hrltlsh    army   and 

deemed  equivalent  to  signature  or  contract. 
sllil'ly=shal"ly,    1    s1iil'i=.<hal"i;   2   shH'yshal"y.      I.    »i. 

|sim/LY».HHAL"LIED;      8HIL'lY«8HAL"lY-INO.]         To      act, 

with  indecision;  be  irresolute;  vacillate;  trifle.  II.  ;/. 
Weak  or  foolish  vacillation;  irresolution;  any  trifling: 
used  alsf)  attributively  and  adverbially.  [Varied  cor- 
ruption of  shall  /  ]  shil'll-shai"ilt.  -shll'll<shal"ll-er,  » 
Shi'ioh,  i  audio;  2shri6,  re.  1.  Bib.  a  place  in  central  Pal- 
estine, N.  w.  of  the  Dead  Sea,  a  principal  Jewish  sanctuary. 
2.  A  battlefield  in  Tennessee,  scene  of  a  Union  victory,  April 
0,  1862.    See  Pittsuuko  Landing. 


Common  SnleldVfern. 


shl'ly,  adv.    Same  as  shyly. 

sliim  'nier,  1  sliim'ar;  2  shlm'er.  I.  vi.  To  emit  a  tremu- 
lous light;  glimmer.  II.  n.  A  tremulous  shining  or 
gleaming;  glimmer;  gleam.  [<  AS.  scimrian,  <  scima, 
glimmer.]     Syn.:  see  light.— Jshini'nierlng,  pa.  &  n. 

shin,  1  shin;  2  shin.  I.  vt.  &  vt.  [shinned,  shind8;  shin'- 
ning.]  1.  To  climb,  as  a  pole,  by  the  clasp  of  the  hands 
or  arms  and  the  shins  or  legs:  commonly  with  up.  2.  To 
kick  on  the  shins.  3.  To  walk  or  trot  about.  II.  n.  1. 
The  front  part  of  the  leg  below  the  knee;  also,  the  shin- 
bone.  2.  The  lower  leg  or  shank.  [  <  AS.  scina,  shin.] 
— shln'sbone", re.  The  tibia.— shin 'plas"ter,  n.  [U.S.]  1. 
Originally,  any  paper  money:  said  to  have  been  applied  first 
to  the  depreciated  currency  after  the  War  of  the  Revolution 
and  used  later  of  the  fractional  currency  issued  by  the  govern- 
ment during  the  Civil  War.     2.  A  plaster  for  a  sore  shin. 

Shi'nar,  1  slwi'nar;  2  shl'nar,  n.  Bib.  An  ancient  country 
along  the  lower  Tigris  and  Euphrates.    Gen.  x,  10. 

shin'dy,  1  snin'di;  2  shln'dy,  n.  [shin'diesz,  pi.]  1.  [Slang.] 
A  riotous  quarrel;  row.  2.  The  game  of  shinny.  [Perh.  of 
Gipsy  orig.) 

shine,  1  sTioin;  2  shin,  vt.  &  vi.  [shone;  shin'ing.]  1.  To 
give  light;  beam;  glow;  gleam;  be  conspicuous  or  illus- 
trious. 2.  [Colloq.]  To  cause  to  shine;  polish;  brighten. 
[<  AS.  scinan.]  Syn.:  beam,  coruscate,  glare,  gleam,  glis- 
ten, glitter,  glow,  scintillate,  sparkle. — shln'er,  re.  1.  One 
who  or  that  which  shines  or  causes  to  shine.  2.  [Colloq] 
A  bright  or  gold  coin.  3.  One  of  various  silvery  fishes. 
— shin'ing,  a.  &  re. — shin'lng-ly,  adv. 

shine,  n.  1.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  bright  or 
shining;  luster;  sheen.  2.  Fair  weather;  sunshine.  3. 
[Slang,  U.  S.]  A  liking  or  fancy.  4.  [Slang.]  A  smart 
trick  or  prank.  Syn.:  see  light. 

shin'gle1,  1  sliin'gl;  2  shin'gl,  vt.  [shin'gled;  shin'- 
gling.]  1.  To  cover  with  or  as  with  shingles.  2.  To  cut 
(the  hair)  short,  all  over  the  head. — shin'gler,  n. 

shin'gle2,  vt.  In  iron-manufacture,  to  drive  out  Impurities 
from  (puddled  iron)  by  heavy  blows  or  pressure. 

shin'gle1,  n.  1.  One  of  certain  thin,  tapering  pieces  of 
.  wood  about  18  in.  by  4  in.,  used  in  courses  to  cover 
roofs,  the  thick  ends  of  one  course  lapping  over  the  thin 
ends  of  the  row  next  below.  2.  [Humorous,  U.  S.]  A 
small  sign-board,  as  for  an  office.  [  <  L.LL  schidia, 
splinter,  <  scindo,  cleave.) 

shin'gle2,  n.  Rounded,  water-worn  detritus,  coarser  than 
gravel,  found  as  on  the  seashore.  [  <  Norw.  singel,  < 
singla,  freq.  of  singa,  sing.] — shin'gly,  a. 

sbln'gles,  1  sfhirj'glz;  2  shln'gls.,  re.  A  skin«dlsease,  due  to 
nervous  trouble,  often  accompanied  by  eruptions  extending 
half  round  the  body  like  a  girdle.    [<  L.OF  cingo.  gird.] 

shin'iiy,  1  sTiin'i ;  2  shin'y,  n.  A  game  resembling  hockey, 
or  one  of  the  sticks  or  clubs  used  by  the  players.  [  < 
Gael,  sinteag,  bound.]     sbin'nej  1 ;  shin'tict. 

Shin 'to,  1  sliin'to;  2  shln'to,  n.  The  primitive  religion  of 
Japan,  a  species  of  ancestor=worship.  [<  Chin,  shin,  god, 
+  too,  doctrine.]    Shin 'to-lsmf. — Shin 'to-lst,  n. 

shin'y,  1  sliain'i;  2  shin'y,  a.  [shin'i-er;  shin'i-est.]  1. 
Glossy;  glistening.    2.  Bright;  clear. 

ship,  1  sliip;  2  ship,  v.  [shipped1,  shipt";  ship'ping.]  I. 
t.  1.  To  transport  by  ship  or  other  mode  of  conveyance. 
2.  Com.  To  send  by  any  established  mode  of  transpor- 
tation, as  by  rail.  3.  To  hire  and  receive  for  service  on 
board  a  vessel,  as  sailors.  4.  To  receive  on  board  of  any 
floating  structure;  as,  to  ship  a  sea.  5.  [Colloq.]  To  gel 
rid  of.  6.  Naut.  To  set  or  fit  in  a  prepared  place  on  :i 
boat  or  vessel,  as  oars,  a  mast,  or  a  rudder.  II.  i.  1.  To 
go  on  board  ship;  embark.  2.  To  enlist  as  a  seaman. 
[<  AS.  scipian,   <  scip,  ship.] 

ship,  re.  I.  A  iarge  seagoing  vessel  with  usually  three 
masts,  carrying  square  sails;  loosely,  any  vessel  suitable 
for  deep-water  navigation,  as  a  steamship,  sailing  sAtp 
2.  Something  like  a  ship  in  structure  or  use;  :is.  an  air* 
ship.  [<  AS.  scip,  ship.]— shlp'»bis"eiFit,  n.  Sami  as 
hardtack.  s.=brcad.— ship 'board",  re.  The  side  or  deck 
of  a  ship;  hence,  a  vessel:  only  In  phrase  on  shipboard  or 
a  :*  hip  board. — s.'hoy,  re.  A  boy  serving  on  board  ship; 
cabin-boy.— 8. «bullder,  n,  One  who  designs,  superintends, 
contracts  for,  or  works  at,  the  building  of  vessels,  s. "car- 
penter, it.     A  carpenter  who  builds  or  repairs  vessels;  also. 

a  carpenter  attaohed  to  a  vessel,    s. >chandler,  n.    one 

who  deals  In  cordage,  canvas,  and  other  furniture  of  vessels. 
— S.efcver,  re.  Typhus:  so  called  because  formerly  preva- 
lent on  Shipboard.— Ship 'man  ||,  n.  A  sailor;  mariner, 
slllp'mas"ler,  re.  The  captain  0T  master  of  B  nierehanl 
ship  slilp'mate",  re.  A  fellow  sailor  shlp'mcnt,  n. 
The  act  of  snipping,  or  that  whloh  is  shipped,    s.  (money,  n. 

/•.»,/  HUt.  An  Impost  levied  originally  about  1007  by  the 
Sovereign  on  maritime  towns  and  counties  for  providing  and 
arming  a  fleet  for  the  protect  Ion  of  I  he  coast .  shlp'per,  n. 
ship'ping,  re.  I.  Ships  collectively.  2.  The  act,  of  ship- 
ping, In  any  sense.— shlp'shape",  a.  &  adv.    Well  arranged; 


-st,ll> 

nIioI 


i  i         ,       ,.  ,-,      ,,'   Ar;  full,  rflle;  but,  bOrn; 

I  |  .1  1|  .  ...  II  I  I  II,     llOI.    <>l,     Willi, 


7ls 


-      Clr,     . 

«blp  worm   .  \    wi  rm*llkc 


•  hl|i   »     .  r  or  builder. 

■.hip  >  ir  I .  nit  <>r 


-.Mr 
ship 


Hi  lllotlll- 

i  irka  were 

I.     v 

I.    \  ■   rritoriaJ 


'•  n    b.j  a 


■hive,  ]  fltoh    2  shtv,  a    [Pro.  orOba.]  I.  A  short  Sat  cork; 

»  thin  wooden  bum     t>  *  thin  fragment;  shiver;  a  w Ij 

i  fniMi  iia\  ii\    breaking      :i.  [1 
of  broad  lot     Ufa,  illoa  I 

>lil»  '«r  .  I.       a  ■  i      in  break    u.l- 

donly  mi..  fragments;  shatter,     II.  n      I.  A  splinter; 
silver      .'.    V  small  wedito  or  ki  brbax; 

MUM  sllh  'lT->     .  I 

-ln\  i-r  .  i.  .',  i.i  mbl< .  aa  with  oold  "r  tear; 
shake;  vibrato;  quiver  "J.  Vaut  To  cause  to  flutter  in 
the  wind,  as  a  sail  3.  I  o  m  •  forth  :i  vibrating  sound 
II.  ■  I  ai  aol  "i  shivering;  a  ahakingoi  quivering  from 
anyoauM  •>      ihlv'er-j  ,a    Chilly; 

tremuloua 

-liii.il  .1  .  :.■    hSl     I.  Pi   m  iki  oi  grow  ih  .1 

low,    II.  .'     <>!  hill.,  depth;  shallow      III.  i       \    h  i 
low  place  in  any  body  "i  wat<  r;  honce,  a  sand*bank  ..r 


PARTS    <>I     A    III. I. .RIGGED  MERCHANT  SHIP. 

t.  Rul-ler.h  m.     3.  Rubier. [-nlan.  '■  r.     7.  T«Prmil.     8.  Run.     !l.   Channel*:.     1".  Iliilwarkj.     ll.Wnlm.      12. 

11   Hull.      14,     V  :-.   Cutvmtar.       18.    Hawae.h..le.     •-").    Ilillet.hiad.       21.   Bobataja.      22.   Bowfprit.       28.    Mar- 

84.  Dackmcja.     2i.  Flihar,  martingale.      26.    M»rtlnrmle^l»r«.     21  .    ■•  i   .  .,  ,.      22.    Poll       8ft   F..rcak.T>aUrttar.      81.    FarerojaLwrtaT. 

IS.  FlTlot^i'.  na,      .■n.  Fliir..-  .  .',  atar.     36.  lor..-  :  uiuIxUtuII  atay.     S8.  F..r<-t.>pma/.t.staTsail.     82.   Par*. 

•  .  i%t»  ;v.  it«et.     41.  JI»»tbort.     4.  nM,     4&  ivw>r*rneta.     44.  Fonbnoe.      46.  PUwrard.       40.  Unwr  fowlopwfl.     47.  eiewiin.j. 

natopamUwrard.     .'.1.    Forelnpcallantaail.       62.    PoretopgmUufcTlrd.     68.    PuiWVJlL     M.    ForernTal.Taro1. 
56.  ronakrmO.    5«.  F.nikt-..    -  .  .  ain-truck,  mliirn-lruck.     58.  FureakTiail.l  r  I    mjmMnmW.     81     I 

can.    61.  Mainak.-.    -  ■  pcallantmaat.    66.  Haforoyalwstay.     66.  MalnrojaMtajaaJL     C7.  FozatopmaaMiamd.     - 

ft.     MalrjtopcaJlaiit*,--.  -a.lanl-ataTBail.     71.  ForemaaUbead.     72.  Topinaet#snroii<li.     7:s.  Mainl..pmast»§taT.     74.   Pnttoobabroilda.     75.   Rural. 

Lallai<nll«l*alaja      77.   BajaalUbaolutaja.     7-.   T"pinaat«l>ackaUjra.     79.   Lower  sir  ,1.      -1.    Maiii>lar.     82.   Maiiil.pmaat.Bta.rliait. 

Malt,. ail.       87.   .Main.var.l.       B8.    Lowax  maintopeaU.       89.   Lower  malntopBaiLvard. 
iar.1.       St   Malnt/;pcallantj»il.       88.  MalniopgaJlant-jard        M  Maii.r.ial.Mir.l.       26.   Malnakjaall. 

.    .Malnskraailmaat.     1"".   HaiDakjaallwbimoat.     101.   .Maiiir.-val.l.ra.''-.      102.    Mainr..valma«t.     108,   Mizzrnsk.vBaiUbrace. 
Maint.>pma*t.hea<i.      108.   Mizient<.pira!lanUnrac©.      109.   Maintopeallant.brace.     110. 
ar aaahwnyaatVbfaoa.     111.  MIueit.,pralUr.t.'iaT      112.   Upper  I  Mlaiontopmaatwtay.      Ill-  Maint'.pmaat.      116.  Mnit.iimt.t.hean'.      11". 

Malnl-p    flTTl-r.  mlrrirrlTTi  18.    Maintrvail.     12ft   .MaiiHna.it.     121.      MiuenBIar.      122.   Croaajack.      I 

Jac*>rar4.  Mntopaa         127.   Upper  iniocnl'.p«ail*Tar'l.     12*.  IDasaotopgallaocfail.      129. 

•       .    if  i     aadrramllwnrl,     1S4.  MliMnakjaall-pola.     186.  Mliionakjaall. 

y      •   -  -»     »■■  MfaavtHo}iaj)Ulaiicixta*t      :   -    \I:;i...i<.|        ■-  182.  Wxnfotwtt (to wdoh thai Taflirml oolgya aw Dolated        140.  MkMDtop 

:      V  :■..-      >•■.      a:        li_     M,,.--    !■•        1,       -!>-.«.  r.     ..in.       144     •:.■'•    I        li       -[  »•  k.  r».-irl.       146,    .M  .i.k.  ;,«.•»'!  van.v.       147     BpaulUrwTUIgl.       M- 
aapaahi«>illft.     149.     Lower  apa: ^  • 'hart^bouae. 

•bar.    [<  Ico.  ekjtiigr,  oblique.]— shoal 'y,  a.    Abound- 

lng  in  shoals.-  shoal  1-nesSf  n.    shoal'nesst. 
shoal  .     I.  vi.     To  throng  in  shoals  or  niultiturlcs.     II.  n. 

An  assemblage  or  multitude;  throng,  as  of  fish.    [  <  AS. 

srolu.)  [fellow,    shott;  shotet- 

shoat,  1  shot;  2  shot,  n.    1.  A  young  hog.    2.  A  worthless 


(ft  Cpwr  tnaint-  paall.     91. 
1  4       " 


county:  only  in  compounds  and  proper  names  borrowed 
from  England.    [  <       -  tcirian,  cut  off] 

-hlrk.  |       5rk;  2  shirk.     I1,  rt.  &  m.     1.  To  avoid  the 
doing  .  a^  wi.rk  or  obliga- 

tion      !  '  iin  by  trickf-ry.     II.  n.     1.  Oik:  who 

shirks      2t.  A  tr: 


shirr.  ]  .  I.  I.    .      gather  on  parallel    Bfcoek«,.l  shek;  2  sh»k.   I'.rt.   To  shake  by  sudden  coUi 


"i.  To  poach  in  cream,  i  II- 

1.  A  fullinR  or  gathenng  by  thr>  'J.   i  rubber 

shirred, 
z>a.    I.  --.    2.  Poached  In  cream,  a 

shirt,  I  -r.  r ■.    1.  A  cotton  '.r  Linen  undergar- 

mtn'  ;.  The  inner  Lining  of  a  blasVfurnace. 

styria.  skirt        shirt 'Ink,   ;,       Material   used  for 
ma- 
shNt.  -hl-t    i. 

shlt'tlm:w<KKl".   1    shrt'invwud';  2  shlt'lnKwdod',   n.   Hih. 
The  wood  of  a  «[/•  (the  shlt'tah«tree"  or 

shlt'tah     i-^ri  in  maklnc  rhi-  furniture  of  'he  tabernacle. 
[<  Heb.  shUtah.  kind  of  acacla.J    shlt'tlm:. 


si  on;  jar;  trive  a  shock  to.  2||.  To  encounter  with  hostile 
intenl ;  meet  with  sudden  encounter:  used  also  intransi- 
tively. 3.  To  Btrike  as  with  horror  or  disgust;  horrify; 
disgust.  II.  n.  1.  A  violent  collision  or  concussion; 
impact;  blow.  2.  A  sudden  and  violent,  effect  on  mind 
or    nerves;    agitation;    startling   emotion.     3.  Pathol. 

Prostration  Of  bodily  functions,  as  from  sudden  injury. 

4.    A'/"-    The     passage    Of    a    strong    electric    current 

through    the   body,   or   the   phenomena   it,  produces: 

cterized    by   involuntary  muscular  contractions. 

[<    Ml),  srhock,    <    V    Of  BHAKX.]      Syn.:  see  BLOW;  eoi.i.i- 

shock'er,  n. — shoek'lng,  pa.     Causing  a  mental 

Shock:  striking  as  with  horror  or  disgust;  repugnant;  dls- 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    alale;    ou  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    t)-sing;    thin,   this. 
719  2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


-ship 
shot 


tressing.  Syn.:  see  awful;  flagrant:  frightful. — shock'- 
Ing-ly,  adv.— shock'lng-ness,  ».— shock  troops  (Mil.), 
seasoned  or  picked  men  selected  to  lead  an  attack. 

shock2.  I1,  vt.  &  vi.  To  gather  (grain)  into  a  shock  or 
shocks.  II1.  n.  A  collection  of  sheaves  of  grain,  stalks 
of  maize,  or  the  like,  set  together  upright  in  a  field. 

shook3.  I.  a.  Shaggy;  bushy.  II2.  n.  1.  A  coarse  tan- 
gled mass,  as  of  hair.  2.  A  dog  with  woolly  coat.  [Var.  of 
shag.]— shock 'head".  I.  a.  Having  thick,  bushy  hair. 
shock 'head"edf.     II.  n.    A  head  with  a  shock  of  hair. 

shod,  1  sTied;  2  shod,  imp.  &  pp.  of  shoe,  v. 

shod'dy.  I.  a.  [shod'di-er;  shod'diest]  Made  of  or 
containing  shoddy;  sham.  II.  n.  1.  Fiber  or  cloth 
manufactured  of  shredded  woolen  rags.  2.  [Colloq.] 
Vulgar  assumption  or  display.     3.  Refuse.     [Prob.  < 

SHED,  V.] 

shoe,  1  sTiu;  2  sho.  I.  vt.  [shod;  shod  or  shod'den; 
shoe'ing]  1.  To  furnish  with 
shoes  or  the  like.  2.  To  furnish 
with  a  guard  of  metal,  wood, 
etc.,  for  protection,  as  against 
wear.  II.  n.  [shoes,  pi.]  1.  An 
outer  covering,  as  of  leather, 
for  the  human  foot.  2.  A  pro- 
tection, as  of  iron  on  the  hoof 
of  an  animal,  or  under  a  sleigh* 
runner.     [  <  AS.   seed,   shoe.]— Different  Parts  of  a  Shoe. 

Shoe 'bill",    Ti.       A    heron    Of   Cen-       «.  tongue;    b,  top;    c  lacing;    d. 

tral  Africa,  with  a  huge  vaulted  e"let,s;  f.  vamp;  /,  towoap;  g, 
and    hooked    bill.-shoe'black",  %£*£££%  £-£#£ 

Tl.       One    WhOSe    Occupation     IS    tO  counter;  n,  back.strap. 

black    shoes;    a    bootblack.  —  s.= 

horn,  n.  A  curved  smooth  Implement  of  horn  or  other 
material  fitted  for  Insertion  in  ;iie  heel  of  a  shoe  to  aid 
in  putting  it  on. — s.=latchet,  ».  A  thong  or  strap  for 
fastening  a  shoe  or  sandal. — si;  ie'mak"er,  n.  1.  One 
whose  occupation  is  the  niakin:  of  shoes  and  boots.  2. 
A  cobbler.— shoe'mak"ing,  n.— suo'er,  n.  One  who  sup- 
plies or  fits  on  shoes.— s.=tle,  n.  A  lace  or  ribbon  for 
tying  a  shoe:  at  one  time  very  showy. 

shog,  1  srieg;  2  shog.    [Dial,  or  Obs.l  I.  vt.  &  ghoeb 
vi.  To  jog;  shake;   move  along.   II.  n.    A 
shock;  jog.    [Var.  of  shockI.]_ 

sho 'gun,  1  srio'gun;  2  sho'gun,  n.  The 
hereditary  commander^  n  •  chief  of  the 
Japanese  army  until  1807:  known  to  for- 
eigners as  the  tycoon.  [Jap.,  <  sho,  lead,  + 
gun,  army.]  If 

shone,  1  sTion;  2  shon,  imp.  &  pp.  of  shine,  v.   n 

shoo,  1  s"hQ;   2  shoo.     I.  vt.  &  vi.    To  drive  - 
by  crying  "shoo";  scare  away,  as  fowl;  cry 
"shoo."    II.  interj.    Begone!  be  off!   away  I 
used  in  driving  away  fowls. 

shook,  1  sriuk;2shobk,  imp.  &  pp.  of  shake,  p.  > 

shook,  n.  A  collection  of  barrel*staves,  shaped  and  cham- 
fered, in  order  for  setting  up,  conveniently  bundled  for 
transportation.    [Var.  of  shock2,  n.] 

shoon||,  1  sliQn;  2  shoon,  n.    Plural  of  shoe. 

.shoot,  1  sTiut;  2  shoot,  v.  [shot;  shoot'ing.]  I.  t.  1. 
To  hit,  wound,  or  kill  with  a  missile,  now  specifically 
from  a  firearm.  2.  To  propel  with  sudden  force;  dis- 
charge, as  a  projectile  or  a  firearm.  3.  To  cause  to  grow 
forth;  protrude.  4.  To  rush  or  glide  rapidly  over  or 
through;  as,  to  shoot  rapids.  5.  To  variegate,  as  if  by 
throwing  or  weaving  in  threads  or  colors:  usually  in  past 
participle;  as,  shot  with  gold.  6.  To  blast,  7.  To  throw 
out  or  discharge  the  contents  of;  empty.  II.  i.  1.  To 
discharge  a  projectile  from  a  weapon,  especially  a  fire- 
arm. 2.  To  dart  along  swiftly,  as  a  missile;  be  emitted 
with  force;  flash  along,  as  a  bird  or  a  star.  3.  To  feel  a 
darting  pain.  4.  To  extend  or  increase  in  length  by  or 
as  by  growth.  5.  To  assume  spike°likc  shapes,  as  in 
crystallizing.  6.  To  jut  out;  protrude.  [  <  AS.  sceotan, 
shoot.]— shoot'er,  n.— shoot'ing,  //. 

shoot,  n.  1.  A  young  branch  or  sucker  of  a  plant;  off- 
shoot. 2.  A  narrow  passage  in  a  stream;  a  rapid.  3. 
An  inclined  passage  down  which  am  thing  may  be  shot; 
a  chute.  4.  The  act  of  shooting;  a  shot,  5.  A  shooting* 
match,  or  "party.    6.  The  thrust  of  an  arch.    7.  Ashoat, 

shop,  1  shop;  2  shop.  I.  vt.  [shopped1,  shopt8;  SHOP- 
PING.] To  visit  shops  or  stores  for  inspection  or  pur- 
chase of  goods.     II.  n      1.  A  place  for  the  Bale  Of  goods 

at  retail:  in  the  United  Stales  commonly  called  a  tori 
2.  A  place  for  making  or  repairing  any  article,  Or  the 
carrying  on  of  any  artizan  craft  3.  [( 'olloq  |  (  die's  own 
craft  or  business;  as,  to  talk  slatp.  [  <  AS.  eceoppa, 
booth] — shop'sboard",  n.  The  bench  or  board  on  which 
work  Is  done;  especially,  a  tailors'  bench.  B.'DOy,  s.sglrl, 
n.  A  boy  or  girl  who  works  In  a  shop.  shop'kccp"er,  n . 
One  who  keeps  a  shop:  u  tradesman.     .shop'llft"cr,  ;».  ( )ne 


a  Wall  by 
a  Shore  (s) . 


guilty  of  shoplifting. — shop'Ilft"lng,  n.  Larceny  from  a 
store  or  shop  in  business  hours. — shop'man,  n.  1.  A 
shopkeeper;  retailer.  2.  One  who  sells  goods  in  a  shop;  a 
salesman.  —  shop 'per,  n.  —  shop 'ping,  n.  —  s.=woru,  a. 
Deteriorated  by  being  a  long  time  in  stock  in  a  shop. 

shore1,  1  Shor;  2  shor,  vt.    [shored;  shor'ing.]   To  prop, 
as  a  wall,  by  a  vertical  or  sloping  timber: 
usually  with  up.   Syn.:  see  prop. 

shore5,  vt.  1.  To  set  on  shore.  2.  To  surround  as 
with  a  shore.     [  <  AS.  score,  <  sceran,  cut.] 

shore3,  vt.  [Prov.]  To  threaten;  warn;  also, 
to  offer.     [  =  score,  v.] 

shore  ||,  imp.  of  shear,  v. 

shore1,  n.  A  beam  set  endwise  as  a  prop,  as 
against  the  side  of  a  building,  a  ship  on 
the  stocks,  etc.,  especially  as  a  temporary 
support.     [<  AS.  scoren, pp.  of  sceran.  cut.] 

shore2,  n.    1.  The  coast  or  land  adjacent  to 

an  ocean  or  sea  or  to  a  lake  or  large  river:  Method  of 
distinguished  from  the  land  contiguous  Propping 
to  a  small  stream,  called  a  bank:  used 
also  figuratively;  as,  heavenly  shores.  2. 
Law.  The  ground  between  the  ordinary 
high=water  mark  and  low-water  mark.  Syn.:  see  bank: 
land;  margin. — shore'less,  a.  Having  no  shore;  bound- 
less. 

shorn,  1  sTiorn;  2  shorn,  pp.  of  shear,  v. 

short,  1  sliert;  2  short.  I.  a.  1.  Having  little  linear  ex- 
tension; not  long.  2.  Being  below  the  average  stature; 
not  tall.  3.  Having  little  extension  in  time;  of  limited 
duration;  brief.  4.  Abrupt  in  manner  or  spirit;  curt; 
petulant;  cross.  5.  Not  reaching  or  attaining  a  require- 
ment or  result;  deficient;  inadequate;  scant:  often  with 
of.  6.  Finance  &  Com.  (1)  Not  having  in  possession 
when  selling,  but  having  to  procure  in  time  to  deliver 
as  contracted;  not  being  in  possession  of  the  seller,  as 
stocks,  etc. ;  as,  short  of  stocks.  (2)  Of  or  pertaining  to 
short  stocks  or  commodities;  as,  short  sales.  7.  Not 
comprehensive  or  retentive;  at  fault;  in  error;  narrow: 
said  of  persons  or  their  faculties;  as,  short  memory.  8. 
Breaking  easily;  friable;  crisp.  9.  Brief  in  utterance,  as 
a  syllable  or  vowel;  in  modern  verse,  unaccented. 
II.  n.  1.  The  compressed  substance  or  pith  of  a  matter. 
2.  Anything  that  is  short;  a  short  syllable,  vowel,  or 
time.  3.  A  deficiency,  as  in  a  payment.  4.  Finance  & 
Com.  (1)  A  short  contract  or  sale.  (2)  One  who  has  sold 
short;  a  bear.  5.  pi.  Bran  mixed  with  coarse  meal  or 
flour.  6.  pi.  Small-clothes.  III.  adv.  In  a  short  man- 
ner or  method,  in  any  sense  of  the  adjective;  as,  to  stop 
short;  to  turn  short;  to  sell  short.  [  <  AS.  sceort,  short.] 
Syn.:  (adjective)  see  little;  scanty;  terse;  transient. 

— short  circuit,  in  an  electric  circuit,  a  path  of  low  resis- 
tance established  between  any  two  points,  thus  shortening 
the  distance  traveled  by  the  current. — short '=dr"cuit,  rt. 
&  vi. — short  sale  (Com.),  a  sale  for  future  delivery  of  roods 
or  stocks  not  in  possession  at  time  of  sale. — short 'age,  n. 
Theamount  by  which  anything  isshort:  deficiency,  short '- 
cake",  n.  t.  A  cake  made  short  and  crisp  with  butter  or 
lard  and  baked.  2.  Cake  served  with  fruit  between  layers; 
as,  strawberry  shortcake. — short 'coin"ing,  n.  t.  Failure; 
remissness;  delinquency.  3.  A  falling  off;  shortage,  as  of  a 
crop. — short'en,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  make  or  become  short 
or  shorter;  curtail.  2.  To  reduce;  diminish;  lessen.  3.  To 
contract;  confine;  restrain.  4.  To  make  brittle  or  crisp,  as 
pastry.  Syn.:  see  abbreviate;  scrimp. —  short  'en-cr,  n. — 
short 'en-ing,  n.  1.  Material,  as  lard  or  butter,  used  to 
make  pastry  crisp.  2.  An  abbreviation.— short'hand",  n. 
Stenography  or  phonography,  short 'horn",  n.  one  ot  a 
breed  of  cattle  with  short  horns,  originally  from  northern 
England.— shor  fell  ved",  a.  Living  or  lasting  but  a  short 
time,  -short 'ly,  adv.  1.  At  the  expiration  of  a  short  time; 
Quickly;  soon.  2.  In  few  words;  briefly.  3.  Curtly;  abrupt- 
ly.— short'ness,  «.—  sliort'=slght"cd,  a.  I.  Unable  to 
see  clearly  at  a  distance;  near-sighted.  2.  Lacking  foresight. 
:{.  Resulting  from  or  characterized  by  lack  of  foresight,. 
Syn.:  see  imprudent.  short'=slght"cd-ly,  adv.  Short'* 
slglit"cd-iicss,  n.  short'=stop",  n.  Baseball.  A.  fielder 
stationed  between  seoondand  third  bases.  8hort'«wlnd"- 
ed,a.    Affected  with  ditticuity  of  breathing;  becoming  easily 

out  of  breath. 

Sho-sho'nc,  1  flho-Sh6'm;  2  sho-shO'ne,  n.    A  North'Amerl- 

can  Indian  of  widely  extended  stock,  formerly  living  in  Hie 

western  United  States,    Sho-sho'ne-an,  a, 

Shot1,  1  rsli.il  ;  2  shot,  rt.  [sin  n ''ti BDd ;  shut' ti  Ml  ]  I.  To 
load  with  shot.  2.  To  clean,  as  bottles,  by  partially 
filling  with  shot  and  shaking. 

shot2,  imp.  A  pp.  of  shoot.  [of  different  colors. 

shoi,  o.    <  >f  changeable  color,  as  when  warp  and  weft  are 

Shot1,  1  shot  ;  2  shot,  n.  [SHOT  Or  SHOTS,  pi  I  I.  A  missile, 
as  a  ball  of  iron,  or  a.  bullet,  01  pellel   ..1  lead,  lo  lie  ihs- 

rged  from  a  firearm;  also,  such  spherules  or  pellets 


si. ..I 

->l.  IU 


I  Ar;   'Ull.  rOle;    I. Ill,  I.Orn; 

|  |       ,  ,  ,  i      i  i  I       I;  |  ...  not.  Or.  won. 


no 


\     -Hoke.    I,|l,   UI 

i  linunm- 


•  bol 

sll.il 


.II..I 


though' 
>buuld. 


PM 


1 
;  lr H-.I   for 

■Vmi(   1 
sh... 

indirect 

'   nil  tin-  Standpoint   Of 

11  time  being 
•  ina>  denote: 

>-.  if   I 
1 1  in   or   modest) 

.    .    milder  Hum  ought,     (d) 
■  ability,  where  xiffJU  is  now  em- 
>i  i.ii  1 
-hoiil  <l«r.  I.        A  I . 

be  borne;  sustain;  bear      '.'.    I  - 
ilder  or  shoulders.    :i.   I 
itment ;  make  a  Bhoulder 
ll.         1.  of  the  trunk  between  the  neck 

the  arm  < >r  fore  limb;  also,  the 
be  arm  ,t  fore  limb  with  the  body.    2. 
ars  up,  or  1  1 
;.  largement,  projection,  or  onset, 

11  preventing  move- 
rs    culder,  shi  nuder.]    - 

-In  lul'ilcr.  blade",  n.    The  acapnia.      ShOBl'dH  strap". 

ret  the  Shoulder,  as  to  rapport  the 

■  ii  gold  lace,  worn  by 

Of  rauk. 

shoal .  .  1  ■  '  utter  with  a 

it;  cry  out  loudly.    II.  n.    A.  sudden 

as  a  call  or  command,  but  also 

■  joj  ■    urage,  or  de- 

:  burst  of  vol  Byzu  see  <  all;  roar. 

shore,  L  am  \  dp; 

thai   .     -      •  in'o  ]     1.  To  pujh  along,  as  on  a  surface; 

1  ■  rid  of, 

II.  n.     1.  The  act  of  pushing  or 
'.*.  The  woody  center  of  flax. 
;.  1  ]  A  forward  movement  of  ice  in  a  river. 

\  -  9001  'it,  n. 

Khov'cL    1  .  -       •■•'I     I.  vL  dc w".    [bhov'elxd or 

«hu»'el".  j  -  :    I    .::..'   -H"V'i.i.nH;  niiov'i.i.-ino  or  siiov'- 

tL-:..  Bather  with  a  shovel; 

toss  :  :  work  with  a  shovel.     II. 

.  as  tor  digging.    2. 
■I.  /        Some  part  likeni 

■1J1,   <  scofen,  pp.  of  scufan,  shove  ] - 

tbei  i-l-i>,,;ird",  n     a  game  played  on  shipboard  In  which 
nrard  numbered  squares 

shuffle-board":.     -hoi 'cl-er,  n. 
hoi   .1-1,  r  :.      shot  Vl=hat",  n.      A   hat  with   broad   brim 
:  ip  at  the  sides  and  projecting  In  front. 
-how..  .'.  ED;  -how  n  or  showed; bhow'- 

I.  f     1.  To  c  1  uk  or  permit  to  be  seen;  pn  - 
exhibit;  eni  '.'.  I   >  cause  or  allow  (something) 

.    .  iwn;  explain;  reveal;  tell    -i.  to 

I;  i-xplain  something 
L  To  make  evident  by  log- 
ical 5.   To  give   ii,   a 
mar-     . 

II.         I.  risible  or  known;  be  man- 

;.  nt  an  appearance; 

:.  •■:  now  colloquial. 

KB      ■  ■  -  ■-      Situ  sec  ostent  vtioh;  pbj 

(bowing,  n     1.  3how;  display,  as  of 
nbjeci 
-how,  1.    .  -.own;  a  public  spectacle; 

:.    .  :  splay;  parade; 

rise;  sembla.-  :.  I  which  shows;  an  indica- 

•ceawe,    <  •-• 
-  how  'bill",  n.  ■  incing  a  play  or  show. — 

-how  'bread",  n.  In  the  Jewish  ritual,  the  loaves  of  un- 
leavened bread  set  forth  b  itaon  '•ease",  n. 
A  glass  ca.-  articles  for  sale. — show 'man,  n. 
'.Ihlts  or  owns  a  show  -how  '- 
room",  -.  •■.  -  .-.  roc  the  d  splay  ol  merchandise. 
-how 'er.  1           .     -    2  -                                   L    I  ■. -prinkle  or 

;.    1  0  discharge  in  a 
1 


-imii  n,         1.   I  fall,  ai sin,  hail,  or  sleet,  ol    bort 

duration     >.  K  oopioui  fall  "i  drops  1  numerous 

.1.    \n  abundant  supply      I  <     \ 
thou  1  1  bat  i,  .   •      tn  an  howei 

1  bath  taken  In  that  waj 
ibon  er-i.  Abounding   with  showei  .    n  embllnji  ■ 

n  ,„  ,1 
show  <r  .  er,  »     '  'He  who  sb 

■how  '> .  1  •  neat  di  plaj . 

i-  ,\  .  -pi,  nihil,     2.  i  liven  i"  disp] 

-how    i-l>  .  -how  'i-iii--, 

-hr.ink.  hrank.  imp   of  SHRINK,  I 

ihrap  "ei.  i  p'nel,  n.   A  shell  filled  with 

■  [plosion;  such  shell-  ool- 
lectivelj      Bee  projectile.    [<    Bril   Gen  Shrapnel.] 

-hrnl,  1     bred;  2  ihrfd.     I.  vL     [shxi bhred'ded'; 

.-nut  n'niM.  I    l.  ro  tear  or  cut  into  fibrous 

materia]     2.  [Pro    1  og  1  To  lop  off;  trini      ll-         \ 

small  irregular  strip  torn  or  nil  olT.     '.'.    \  1  -ii  .  fragment  . 

particle.     1  •     tfi     ■  ....•;.  si  >  ■  ■-  partii  u 

-brew,  1  sort)  gshru         1  ■  To  berate,   81 .  roi 
-hre\N  .  11.  n      A  woman  ol  vexatioui 

or  nagging  disposition     |-    IS  >crsdwa,li1  a  biter.] 
-hrew  ,         £  diminutive  mouae»like  animal  having  a  long 

p. unied  snout.    [<  AS.  Mr,  nit;  1  I    shrew  '»iiiiiiim-"1. 
shrewd,  1  shrud;  2  ahrud,  a      I.  Bavins  keen  ii 

sharp;  sagacious.    'I  .  Artful;  sly.    -i  .  Keen  01  sharp; 

tiding,    if.  Shrewish;  also, vexatious;  vicious     [Ml 
i,  pp.  of  schrewen,  curse.]    Syn.:  >•-.■  icxm     istdtk; 

imm.i.ii.im:   KNOWING;  I'i'I.iih  .  BAOACIOUB.      slirewil'l). 

shrewd 'ness,  n.    syn.:  see  tct  u  tr.  [-nesSi  »< 

shrewish,  .i.     Like  a  shrew;  ill>tempered.     -ly,  adv. 
shrews'bur-),  1  gnroVber-i; S shrbs/ber-y,  n.    \  town  in  W. 

iJiL'laml;  Victory  Of  army  Of  Henry  IV.  over  Peroy,   1403 
shriek,  1   -hrik;  2  .-link.     I*,  if.  &  ri.     To  Utter  with  B 

-hri.-k;  ulter  a  shriek.  II.  n.  A  sharp,  shrill  outcry  or 
.-cream,  as  of  agony  or  terror.  [  <  Ice.  slntLjn,  shriek  ) 
Syn.:  see  caix;  boab. — sbxlek'er,  « 

Bhrlei  'al-t>,  1  shrlv'.-il-ti:  2  shrev'al-ty.  n.  [-Tlf.s.  pl.|  The 
OtSce,  term,  or  Jurisdiction  of  a  sheriff,  shrlv'al-tyj.— 
Bbrlev'al  ,a     Pertaining  to  a  sheriff  or  his  functions. 

shrift,  1  shrift;  2  shrift,  n.  1.  The  act  of  shriving.  2. 
Confession;  ab  olution  [and  long  tail. 

shrike,  a,     k.  rapacious  bird  with  hooked  bill,  short  wings, 

shrild1',  1  shril;  2  shril.    1.  rt.  <t  ri.    To  give  forth  01 

to  utter  a  shrill  sound.    II.  a.     1.  Having  a  high  and 
mg  quality;  sharp  and  piercing;  as  a  sound.     2. 
ing  a  -harp,  piercing  sound,     ojj.  Sharp  to  other 
■    that  of  hearing;  keen.     [<  Norw.  ekryla, 
cry  shrilly.  |  — shril  il'lngi'.n.  A  shrill  cry  or  noise,  shril  I'  ; 
[Hare]  — shrllil'iiessi,  «.  —  shrlllMongued",  a.      Having 
a  shrill  voice      s. -gorged:;  s.=volced J.— shrlld'y','/    Ra- 
ther shrill,     shrlld'y,  adv.    In  a  shrill  manner.    shrlld''j. 

shrimp,  1  shrimp;  2  shrimp,  n.  1.  A  diminutive,  long- 
tailed,  lohsterdike  crustacean  of  the  northern  hemi- 
sphere.    2.  A  small,  wizened,  or  shrunken  person 

shrine,  1  shroin;  2  shrin.  I.  vt.  [shrined;  shrin'inc:  ] 
I  o  ■  nshrine.  II.  n.  1.  A  receptacle  for  sacred  relic-,  a 
place,  as  a  chapel,  of  peculiar  sanctity;  also,  a  thing  or 
spot  made  sacred  by  historic  or  other  association.  2|j. 
\  bos  or  caski  t;  an  ark.  3t.  An  image:  an  erroneous 
[  <  L.AB  scrinium,  box.] 

shrink,  1  shrink;  2  shrink,  rt.  &  ri.    [shrank,  sum  nk; 
'.k,  SHRUNKEN,  formerly  siiiunkkd1;  mikink'im.  ] 
1.  To  draw  together  or  cause  to  draw  together;  conl  racl  : 
diminish;  make  or  become  less  or  smaller.    2.  To  draw 
back,  as  from  disgust,  horror,  or  timidity ;  withdraw;  re- 
coil: wltfi  from.   l<  AS.  saincan.  shrink.)    Syn.:  sec  wither 
slirlnk'a-bheP,  a.—  shrink 'age,  n.     Contraction,  as  of 
metal  by  cooling  or  wood  by  drying;  also,  the  amount  lost 
traction.— shrink 'er,  n.— shrink  'ing-l>,  adv. 

shrive,  1  Bhroiv;  2  shrlv,  rt.  &  vi.     [shrove,  shrived; 

siiiuv'kn,  BHBTVED;  siihiv'ing.]  R.  C.  Ch.  To  grant  or 

receive  absolution  upon  confession:   often   refiexively; 

iee  ot  thy  sin.    (<  AS.  ecrifan,  <  L.  scribo, 

write  ]    shryvet.  —  shrlv'er,  n. 

sliriv'el,  1  -hriv'l;  2  shrlv'l,  vt.  &  ri.  [-eled  or  -elled, 
-i.  in";  -ki.-ino  or  -el-ling.]  To  contract  into  wrinkle-, 
shrink,  and  wrinkle;  wither;  contract:  often  with  up. 

shrlt  'el,  n.     That  which  Is  shriveled  or  contracted. 

shroud1,  1  shroud;  2  shroud,  vt.    1.  To  dress  for  the  grave; 
clothe  in  a  shroud.    2.  To  envelop,  as  with  a  garment; 
il;  shelter.     3t-  To  take  shelter;  go  under  cover; 
gather  together,  as  beasts,  for  warmth.    Syn.:  see  mask. 

shroud',  n.    1.  A  dress  or  garment  for  the  dead;  winding. 
'4.  Something  that  envelops  or  protects,  as  a 
garment.     [<  AS.  scrud,  garment.] — shroud'less,  a. 

shroud-',  it.  <  me  of  a  set  of  ropes  fitted  in  pairs  and  con- 
stdl  uting  part  of  the  standing  rigging  of  a  vessel;  also,  a 


m 


1: a  =  final;    1=  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    0  =  »my;    thin,   this.  shot 

2:  wolf,  d«;  bdbk,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,  burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this.         Sicily 


Shrouds  and  their 
Connections. 

fl,  chain.platee;  b,  ehn 


guy,  as  a  support  for  a  smokestack.     Usually  in  the 
plural.    [  <  Ice.  skrudh,  rigging.] 

shrove,  1  slirov;  2  shrov,  imp.  of  shrive,  v. 

Shrove 'tide",  1  shrov'taid";  2  shrov'tld",  n.  Literally, 
confession«time;  the  three  days 
immediately  preceding  Lent. — 
Shrove  Sunday,  S.  Monday,  S. 
Tuesday,  the  Sunday,  Monday, 
and  Tuesday  Immediately  preceding 
Lent. 

shrub1,  1  shrub;  2  shrub,  n.  A 
woody,  perennial  plant  smaller 
than  a  tree;  a  bush.  [  <  AS.  scrob, 
shrub.]—  shrub'ber-y,  re.  [-iesz, 
pi.]  1.  Shrubs  collectively.  2.  A 
shrubby  place;  a  collection  of  shrubs. 
—  shrub'by,  a.  [shrub'bi-  er; 
shrub'bi-est.]  1.  Containing  many 
shrubs;  covered  with  shrubs.  2.  Of 
or  pertaining  to,  or  like  a  shrub 
or  shrubs;  stunted.  —  shrub'bl- 
ness,  a 

shrub2,  re.      A  beverage  of  sweet- 

ened  fruit-juice,  sometimes  with  ^'T^/d'e/sTp  " 

spirits.    [Ult.  <  Ar.  sharab.] 

shrug,  1  s~hrug;  2  shrug,  l.vt.&vi.  [shrugged,  shrugd8; 
shrug'ging.]  1.  To  draw  up  (the  shoulders),  as  in  dis- 
pleasure, doubt,  surprize,  etc.  2||.  To  tremble  with  cold 
or  nervousness.  II.  n.  The  act  of  shrugging  the  shoul- 
ders.   [  <  Dan.  skrukke,  skrugge,  stoop.] 

shrunk,  imp.  &  pp.  of  shrink. 

shrunk 'cm,  1  slirurjk'en;  2  shriink'Cn,  pa.;  also  pp.  of 
shrink.    Contracted  and  atrophied. 

shuck,  1  sliuk;  2  shuk,  vt.  [Prov.]  To  remove  the  shucks  of  or 
from;  in  the  United  States,  to  remove  the  husk  or  shell  from 
(corn  or  oysters);  husk.    [Perhaps  var.  of  shock1,  v.] 

shuck,  re.  [Prov.J  1.  A  husk,  shell,  or  pod,  as  of  maize  or 
peas;  the  outer  covering  of  nuts.  2.  [U.  S.]  A  shell  of  an 
oyster  or  a  clam.  3.  The  case  of  the  larva  of  an  insect,  as  a 
eaddis=worm.    4.  [Eng.J  A  shock;  stook. 

shuck'ing,  1  sliuk'irj;  2  shuk'ing,  n.  [Local,  U.  S.)  1.  A  husk- 
ing=bee.    2.  The  removing  of  shucks,  especially  from  corn. 

shud'der,  1  sliud'ar;  2  shfid'er.  I.  vi.  To  tremble  or 
shake,  as  from  fright  or  cold;  shiver;  quake.  II.  n.  The 
act  of  shuddering;  convulsive  shiver,  as  from  horror  or 
fear;  aversion;  tremor.  Syn.:  see  quake;  shake. — shud'- 
der-lng,  pa.    Having  or  causing  a  shudder,    -ly,  adv. 

shuffle,  1  1   sTiuf'l;  2  shuf'l,  v.    [shuf'fled,  shuf'ldp; 

shuf 'lp,  )  shuf'fling.]  I.  t.  1.  To  shift  this  way  and 
that;  mix;  confuse;  disorder  (as  cards  in  a  pack).  2.  To 
make  up  fraudulently  or  hastily;  also,  to  put  aside  care- 
lessly: with  up,  off,  or  out.  3.  To  move  or  perform  with 
a  shuffle.  II.  i.  1.  To  change  the  relative  position  of 
cards  in  a  pack;  change  position;  shift  ground;  evade; 
prevaricate.  2.  To  scrape  the  feet  along;  struggle  along 
awkwardly.  [Freq.  of  shove] — shuffle-board",  n. 
Same  as  shovelboard. — shuffler,  n. — shuffling,  pa.  1. 
Marked  by  awkward  or  clumsy  movements.  2.  Evading  the 
I  ruth;  prevaricating. 

shuffle,  re.  1.  A  mixing  or  changing  of  the  order  of 
things,  as  of  cards  in  a  pack  before  each  deal.  2.  A  hesi- 
tating, evasive,  or  tricky  course;  prevarication;  artifice. 
3.  A  scraping  of  the  feet,  as  in  walking;  a  slow,  dragging 
gait.  4.  A  dance,  or  the  step  used  in  it,  where  the  danc- 
er  pushes  his  foot  along  the  floor  at  each  step. 

Shu'Jam-lte,  1  smYlam-ait;  2  shu'lam-It,  re.  Bib.  The  chief 
female  character  in  the  Song  of  Solomon.    Canl.  vl.  13. 

shun,  1  shun;  2  shun,  vi.  [shunned;  shun'ning.]  1.  To 
keep  clear  of;  avoid;  refrain  from.  2||.  To  escape;  evade. 
3 II .  To  abhor.  [<  AS.  scunian.]  Syn.:  see  abhor;  escape. 
— shun'ner,  re.— -shun'pike"j),  n.    A  byway;  side-road. 

shune.  [Scot,  or  Obe.]  Plural  of  shoe. 

shunt,  1  rihmit;  2  shunt.  Id.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  turn  aside;  in 
railroading  and  electricity,  to  switch.  2.  To  evade  by 
turning  away  from;  put  off  on  some  one  else,  as  a  task. 
3.  To  shift  or  transfer  one's  views  or  course.  II.  n.  1. 
A  turning  aside;  the  act  of  using  a  switch  or  shunt.  2.  A 
switch.  3.  Elec.  A  conductor  joining  two  points  in  a 
circuit  and  designed  to  divert  part  of  the  current.  [< 
AS.  scyniliin.  hasten;  akin  to  SHUN.]— shunt'er,  n. 

shut,  1  .shut ;  2  shut,  v.  [shut;  shtjt'ting.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
bring  into  such  position  as  to  close  an  opening  or  aper- 
ture; close,  as  a  door,  lid,  or  valve:  often  with  down,  to, 
or  up.  2.  To  close  with  anything  so  as  to  prevent  in- 
gress or  egress;  stop;  obstruct  :  oil  en  with  up.  3.  To  for- 
bid entrance  into  or  prohibit  admission  to;  close:  often 
with  against  or  to.  4.  To  prohibit  from  entering;  bar 
out;  exclude:  with  from,  out,  out  of,  or  out  from.  5.  To 
keep  from  going  out;  confine;  enclose;  restrain;  im- 
prison; also,  to  catch  or  hold,  as  a  garment,  within  tlio 


closed  parts  of  something:  with  in,  into,  under,  up, 
within,  etc.  6.  To  close,  fold,  or  bring  together,  as  parts 
or  something  expanded,  extended,  or  unfolded;  as,  to 
shut  an  umbrella.  7.  To  obscure  or  hide  from  sight: 
followed  by  in  or  out.  II.  i.  1.  To  close  itself;  be  or 
become  closed.  2.  To  close  something;  have  the  effect 
of  closing.     [  <  AS.  scyttan,  <  sceotan,  shoot.] 

Syn.:  bar,  beleaguer,  block,  blockade,  close,  close  up,  con- 
fine, coop  up,  enclose,  exclude,  imprison,  intercept,  lock  up. 
preclude,  prohibit,  seal,  stop.  —  Ant.:  expand,  let  loose,  liber- 
ate, open,  set  free,  unbar,  unclose,  undo,  unfasten.  —  Prep.: 
shut  into  or  shut  up  in  a  dungeon;  out  of  the  house:  out  0/ 
society;  out  from  social  life;  shut  one's  eyes  to  facts;  shut  one 
up  to  a  single  course;  shut  the  door  against  intrusion. 

shut,  pa.  1.  Made  fast  or  closed.  2.  Not  sonorous;  dull: 
said  of  sound.  3.  Orthoepy.  (1)  Formed  by  closing  the 
mouth*  and  nose=passages  completely:  said  of  conso- 
nants, as  t,  p,  k,  b,  and  d.  (2)  Cut  off  sharply  by  suc- 
ceeding consonants:  said  of  vowels,  as  i  in  pit  and  o  in 
top.  4.  [Prov.]  Freed,  as  from  something  disagreeable; 
rid:  with  of. 

shut,  n.  1.  The  act  of  shutting;  also,  the  time  of  shutting, 
closing,  or  ending;  as,  the  shut  of  day.  2.  The  place  of 
shutting  or  closing  together. 

shute,  n.    Same  as  chute. 

shut'ter,  1  Shut'ar:  2  shut'er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which 
shuts;  specif.  (1)  A  hinged  cover  for  a  window.  (2)  A  cur- 
tain or  other  mechanical  device  for  momentarily  admitting 
light  into  a  photographic  lens. — shut'ter,  vt. 

shut'tle,  )1   shut'l;  2  shut'l,  n.     1.  A  device  used  in 

shut 'I p,  )  weaving  to  carry  the  weft  to  and  fro;  also,  a 
similar  device  in  a  sewing=machine  or  the  like.  2.  A 
shutter:  an  inaccurate  use.  [<  AS.  scyltels,  bolt  of  a 
door,  <  seeotan,  shoot.] — shut'tle-cock",  n.  A  rounded 
piece  of  cork,  with  a  crown  of  feathers,  used  in  the  game  of 
battledore  and  shuttlecock;  the  game  itself. 

s.  h.  v.,  abbr.    [L.]    Sub  hoc  verbo  (under  this  word). 

shy1,  1  sTiai;  2  shi.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [shied;  shv'inc]  1.  To 
start  suddenly  aside:  said  of  a  horse.  2.  To  swerve  or 
start  aside  or  to  cause  to  swerve:  with  off  or  away.  II.  a. 
[shy'er;  shy'est;  or  shi'er;  shi'est.]  1.  Easily  fright- 
ened or  startled;  timorous;  coy.  2.  Circumspect,  as 
from  motives  of  caution;  watchful;  wary:  witho/ora<.  3. 
Not  easy  to  perceive,  seize,  or  secure;  elusive;  as,  a  sl(y 
expression.  III.  n.  A  starting  aside,  as  in  fear.  [<AS. 
sccdh,  shy.)    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

shy2.  1.  vt.  To  throw  with  a  sidelong  motion;  fling  care- 
lessly, as  a  stone.  II.  n.  J.  A  careless  throw;  fling. 
2.  [Slang.]   (1)  A  sneer.     (2)  A  trial;  experiment. 

Shy 'lock,  1  sliuTlok;  2  shy'16k,  n.  In  Shakespeare's  Merchant 
of  Venice,  a  Jew  who  endeavors  to  exact  a  pound  of  flesh 
from  Antonio's  body  as  a  forfeit  for  non-payment  of  a  debt. 

shy'ster,  1  shai'star;  2  shl'ster,  n.  A  lawyer  who  prac- 
tises in  an  unprofessional  manner;  hence,  any  one  who 
conducts  his  business  in  a  tricky  manner.    [  <  shy,  a.] 

si,  1  si;  2  si,  n.  Mus.  The  seventh  note  of  the  diatonic 
scale.  [Silicon. 

S.  I.,  abbr.      Sandwich  Islands,   Staten  Island— SI.,  abbr, 

Sl-am',  1  sal-am';  2  si-am',  n.  1.  A  kingdom  of  S.  E.  Asia; 
195,000  sq.  m.;  pop.  8,117,953;  capital,  Bangkok  2.  (;ulf 
of,  an  arm  of  the  China  sea,  S.  of  Slam;  240  by  4S0  in.—  Sl"- 
a-mese',  a.  &  re.  — the  Siamese  twins,  two  male  persons 
(1811-1874),  Eng  and  Chang,  of  Siamese  parentage,  nulled 
by  a  cartilaginous  band  between  their  bodies. 

Sib.,  abbr.    Siberia,  Siberian. 

sib,  1  sib;  2  sib.  I.  a.  (Prov.  Brit.]  1.  Related  by  blood.  2. 
Related;  similar.  II.  n.  [Archaic  or  Prov.  Eng.]  A  blood« 
relation;  kinsman.    [<  AS.  sib,  kin]    slbbl;  slbbef. 

Sl-be'rl-a,  1  snl-bl'n-a:  2  sl-bp'ri-a.  n.  A  country  of  Asiatic 
Russia;  4,831.882  sq.  m.;  pop.  10.377,900— Sl-bc'rl-an, 
a.  &  n. 

sib'1-lant,  1  sib'i-lant;  2  sfiVi-lant.  I.  a.  Made  with  a 
hissing  sound;  hissing.  II.  n.  A  hissing  sound,  as  of 
s,  z,  etc.  [  <  L.  sibilo  (ppr.  sibilaii(t-)s),  hiss,  <  sibilus, 
hissing.]— slb'l-lance,  re.  slb'l-lan-cyl.  slb'l-late«,  vt. 
To  ulve  a  hissing  sound  tons  In  pronouncing  the  letters. — 
slb"l-Ia'tlon,  re.    1.  The  act  Of  hissing.    ".'.A  hissing  sound 

sib'yl,  1  sib'il;  2  sil/yl,  n.  1.  Aor.  Myth.  A  prophetess: 
used  chiefly  of  the  priestesses  of  Apollo.  2.  A  Borceress 
[<  Or.^stbvlla.]-  slb'yl-llne.a.  Of ,  pertaining  to,  or  Uke a 
sibvi.  as  i  Me  sibylline  I ks,  a  collection  or  oracles  con- 
sulted by  the  RomBJl  senate  In  Hum  B  of  peril,     slb'yl-llct. 

sic,  1  slk;  2  Ble,  d.    (Scot]  Such,    sle'eaiil. 

sic,  adv.    So;  thus;  sometimes  Ins.Tlecl  after  something  quoted 

to  indicate  thai  the  quotation  is  literal.    [L.] 

Sic,  abbr.     Sicilian.  Sicily 

slc'ca-tlv(cB,  1  sik'o-tlv;  2  slc'a-tlv,  a.  Causing  to  dry.  [< 
I.  xlccatiis.  pp.  of  sicca,  dry.  <  Siccus,  dry]     slc'canlt- 

Slc'l-ly,  1  sis'i-h;  2  sic'i-iv.  re.  An  island  in  tin-  Mediterra- 
nean sea.  S.  of  Italy;  9,937  sq  mi  ;  pop.  8.672,000:  devastated 
by  un  earthquake,  Dec.  28,  I'.m.H.     Sl-cll'l-an.  n.  ,V  re. 


sl.W 

silk 


s|,k. 


■  "         (at.  ffcrr.    -m  I  .  5;    not,  Or;   full.  rQI<- .    but,  I.Orn ; 

i         .        (4lt,  «rh#t,  .»  I  ill  I  ....  nut.  01,  mVi, 


;:.• 


\\    the 

•  IH'liltl  .1  b\    ■ 

I  illK,    ..-    «  II  h 

\  -  ick  1 

ii.        1  II  i 

I 
til  k    .  ii-.  r.  \ 

nick   l-h.  •    •  M 

-I.  l>   Ish- 
-1.  k  l\.  1.   riablluall)    lli- 

<  klstl 

trail,  m.  Infirm,  In- 

klj      ilck'- 

ulrk  ll-n.ss,  •       si.k  '- 

I.  Mliwi  ii:.!!--..!     ?.  \  partlou- 

•  -  i .  imame 
iping  implement  with  ■ 


•Ira 

- 

,  ii- 

- 

. 

bf, 

.  k  i 

«li- 

11.  M 

i.  k 

1.   . 

..l. 

I)  r. 

«i.  k  i 

Slrklr*. 

1.1     r-U»r 

An  ancient  olty  near 

Itfld  for  Ita  bronze-work   and  art- 

Sid 'dons,  ^.irah  (nee  Kemble)  (1755- 

■  ■•  actress. 

BnVlNG  ]     I.  I.      1.  To  'Mil 

'.'.     .  ike   Hat    the 

:t.    ■    illoq  1  T'>  place  at  one  aide.    II.  i.    1. 

of;  take  the  part  of:  fol- 

.'.  Lfied)  ride  measure- 

[lat.-ral;  minor. 

sidr.         S  •   't  or  en  one  ride;  lateral;  henoe,  ool- 

slilr.         I.   ■.  •  th<  bounding  lines  of  a  surf  ace  or 

of  a  solid  object:  often  limited 

.!ar  bounding  line  or  surface,  as  (listing 

.'.  \  lateral  part  of  a  Burface 
more  contrasted  Burfaoes, 
4.  Any  distinct  part  y  or  body  of  men; 
5.  An  opinion,  aspect,  or  point  of  view  oon- 
6.  Family  conneo- 
■  nt.    [< AS. side, < sid, wide.] — 
-l.le 'board",  a.     1.  A  piece  of  dining-room  furniture  for 
-.   \  boar  f  something. — 

-I.I.- '.dish",  n      A  dish  subordinate  to  the  main  dish  or 
dishes  of  a  course.  —  s. .light,  n.     A  slil.»window,  or  light 
coming  from  the  side:  hence,  figuratively.  Incidental  lllustra- 
-.  line,  n.     1.  An  auxiliary  line  of  goods  sold  by  a 
er.    3.  A  line  attached  to  'tie  side  of  a 
.  line  used  to  hobble  a  horse  by  connecting 
'  Hie  same  side. — slde'llng.     I.  a. 
•r  oblique  position  or  motion.     II.  adr. 
-Idelong".     I.  a.    Inclining  or  tending  to  one 
II.  adr.  Ina  lateral  or  oblique  dlrci-tum      s.= 
lie,  n.     A  saddle  for  the  USB  of  women,  having  but  one 
stirrup  and  a  cushioned  projection  above  it      s.ishow,  n 
.-.  exhibiting  In  connection  with  a  large  one:  also 
used  -Ide'.track".     I',  rl.  <fc  rf.  [U.  B.]  To 

run  upon  a  siding;  divert  from  the  main  Issue:  reduce  to  Inac- 
ttvtty.  II.  a.  A  railroad-siding.  —  side 'walk",  n.  [U.S.]  A 
path'    •  fl      I  1HIWIIIIIUIIII  HI  Hill  lllllll  lit  I  111  III  I  mil 

-Id'- 'ward.    La    Directed  or  moving  toward  or  from  t  lu- 
ll, ad*.     Toward  or  from  the  side;  laterally. 
s|de'«ards:.      s.=»heel.     I.  O.     Having  side-wheels.     II. 
I  at  the  side:  specifically,  one  of  two  paddle> 
:s    In   a   Btean  -.wheeler,    n.      A   Blde-whocl 

-M. ■,»ise".     I.  Bideward;  sidelong.     II. 

ad'.-   1.  Toward  or  from  the  side.   2.  On  One  Side  Only,   slde'- 
«a)s":.     sld'lng,  i      I.  a  rail  way. track  by  the  side  of 
i.  The  boarding  that  coven  the  side  of  a 
:  -ides,  as  In  a  contro- 

-Idle,        .v  .(.     [si'dlcd;  si'tmisi;.]    To  move,  or 
-I'dler,    n.      One   who   moves 
■ 
il  ilt  *rci  ill.  I  .'       l-'r.-al,  a.     Pertaining  to 

;  of  >,r  containing  stars.    [<  I 
-Id'cr-al:. 
-Id  ',-r-lt.  .  -  alt  or  sol-dl'ralt;  2  sld'er-lt  or  si-.: 

\tln  '    -rous  carbonate.  Im- 

-i'l  .  r-<»-,  l  -id'-.r-"-;  2  sld'er-c-.     From  Greek 

iron:  a  combining  form  -  »ld"er-o-graph'lr,  a.  Of,  per- 
tain s|.|"er-o-grapli'- 
l-cal:.  s|d"er-og'ra-ph|st,  a.  one  win,  practises  or  Is 
engaged  In  siderography. — sld"er-og'r.-i-ph>,  n.  The  art  of 
ipon  softened  steel  or  iron,  afterward  hardened. 
I'm:  2  sid'ny.     1.  Algernon   (1022-lft 


ii  Miidier  and  revolutionary  patriot,  executed  I,  Sir 
Philip    i  ■  -i    i  .Kfl  .  an  i  ngllsh  soldi)  r;  lei  ol  chlvalrj 

■si  .ion.  L  Bai'dni  i  .it  \  ..f  anclonl  Phe> 

nt.  ia   tho  modern  Malda.     Hl-do'nl-an, 

siege,  ]  |.  rhe  besieging  of  a  town  or  a  forti- 

fied i  '  .it;  an. 

the  >o at  Periloiu  at  Arthur's  round  table,  fatal  to  all 
but  sir  Qalahad     [<  1  I  sit.]    segef. 

Sleg 'fried,  1    i.  tnd  «  (C     iIh  fi  I  u'frtt, 

rhe  hero  of  thi  led. 

si'i-n-iie.  i  s,  1 1 'en  <iit .::  si  .ii  it,  n    BameaasTBNm, 

Men-kle'nlr/.     1       ).. n  I  ■  .    \  h  )i  h      lli-nr)  k 

iisp.   1016       \  Polish  novelist  and  historian;  Quo  VadU, 
sl-en 'n.i1,  1  si-i-ii',.;  2  si  eti'a.  n      I.   \  brownish  orango* 

yellow  da)  used  as  a  pigment,    ''.  Orange«yellow,    [• 

i-        ma  (oil    In  It 
^i-en'n.i.  i      en'no    8    I-ta'nl,  n.     \  cathedral  olty  In  N. 

Ital,       s>l-eir.i:.      s,|  -,.,,. ,,,.,,.-         ...   ,,      M-'ni-ese':. 

si-.-r'r.i,  i    I,-   .  .     .    „     A.  mountain  range  or  chain:  n 

term  occurring  In  the  names  of  f  In  and  her  foi  - 

iii.T  colonics,  as  Sierra  \c\ada.  Sierra  Itlanca,  ett 
Sl-er'ra  l.e-it'iie,  1  II  II Brltlsb OOlony (4,000 

sq.  m.;  pop.  70,000]  ami  protectorate  (27,000  so,  m.;  pop. 
1,400,000)  on  the  w   ooast  of  Africa.  Inap.    [8p.] 

sl-es'la,  1  ta,n,      A  midday  or  after-dinier 

sleiir,  1  synr;  2  s>  ur.  n     Sir.  master:  a  former  French  title  of 

respect,    ir  .       I       *tor, oompar. of   ensz.old.] 
sU-m-.  I  1  ~iv;  2  siv,  h.     1.  A  ut'ii-il  or  apparatus  for  Mtt- 
shs,    i  Log,  consisting  of  a  frame  provided  with  n 
as  of  wire,     'i-  A  nrrulous  person. 
:i.  A  coarse  basket,  holding  marly  a 
bushel.    I  <  AS.  gi/i .  sievej 
BlfP,  1  rift;  L'  sift,  v.    1. 1.    1.  To  sep- 
arate the  fine  parts  from  the  coarse 
with  or  as  with  .i  sieve,    'i.  To  exam- 
ine   minutely;    .scrutinize;    also,    to 
ascertain  in  this  way:  sometimes  uith  <e/f.    II.  i.    1.  To 
pass  through  a  sieve.     *'.  To  practise  scrutiny.    [<  AS. 
si/tan,  sift.]— sift 'er,  n. 
sigh,  1  sai;  2  si,  v.    I.  t.    To  utter  with  righs:  sometimes 
without,    n.i.    1.  To  utter  a  sigh;  lament.    S.  To  yearn 
strongly;  long:  often  with/or.    .'J.  To  make  a  sound    Ug 
gestive  of  a  sigh,  as  the  wind.     [<  AS.  sican,  righ.] 
sluh'er,  n.  Iprcssion  of  sorrow,  anxiety,  etc. 

sigh,  71.  A  deep  and  long'drawn  respiration,  as  an  ex- 
sitcht,  1  suit;  2  sit,  rf.  1.  To  perceive  with  the  eye;  dis- 
cover by  looking.  2.  To  bring  into  the  field  of  observa- 
tion with  an  instrument.  :{.  To  furnish  with  sights,  as 
a  gun.  4.  To  aim,  as  a  gun;  take  sight  or  aim.  S.  Com, 
To  present,  as  a  bill  to  its  drawee,  for  acceptance.  [  < 
AS.  gesihth,  sight.  <  sedn,  see.] 
sight,  a.  1.  The  faculty  of  seeing;  vision.  2.  That  which 
is  seen;  a  view;  spectacle;  show.  3.  The  range  or  scope 
of  vision;  limit  of  eyesight.  4.  The  point  of  view;  esti- 
mation. 5.  Insight.  6.  A  device  to  assist  aim,  as  on  a 
gun,  levelingdnstrument,  etc.  7.  An  aim  or  observation 
taken  with  a  firearm  or  an  observing  instrument  s.  \ 
sightwjpening.  9.  The  part  of  a  drawing  or  painting 
within  the  margln<llnee  or  the  frame.  Syn.:  exhibition, 
scene, show, spectacle,  view,  vision.  BeeSPBCTAI  i.k.  slglif '> 
hole",  n.  A  hole  to  look  through;  peep-hole— sight 'less, 
a.     1.  Without   the  power  of  sight;  blind.     '.J.  Invisible.     :tt. 

Unsightly. —sightly,  1.  L  Pleasant  to  the  view;  comely. 
■>.  Affording  a  grand  view— sight 'll-ness,  n.  sight  'seiz- 
ing, n.    The  visiting  of  objects  of  interest.— sight  Sc'Vr,  ;;. 

slg'llll,  1  sij'il;  2  slg'il.  "•  A  seal  or  signature;  also,  a  mark  or 
sign  supposed  to  exercise  occult  power.  [<  \,.slglUum.  seal.] 

Sb?'ls-mund,  1  sij'is-mund;  2  slg'ls-mund,  n.  A  king  of 
Hungary  and  emperor  of  Germany  (1302-1437). 

slg'moid,  1  sig'meid;  2  slg'moid,  a.  Shaped  like  the 
Greek  capital  letter  rigma  (2),  or  like  the  letter  S.  |< 
(,r .  stomoeUtls,  <  sigma;  and  see-oin.J    slg'mol-dal;. 

sign,  1  Bain;  2  sin,  r.  1. 1.  1.  To  affix  one's  signature,  ini- 
tials, seal,  or  mark  to.  2.  To  dispose  of  by  affixing  one's 
signature:  with  off  or  away.  3||.  To  mark  with  a  sign, 
i  illy  with  a  cross;  also,  to  make  as  a  rign.    4§.  To 

show  signs  of,  or  to  symbolize.     II.  i.     1.  To  write  one's 

nami  !  ire;  in  law,  to  acknowledge  an  instru- 

'  as  by  affixing  a  mark  or  seal.     2§.  To  make  signs 

or  signals.    [  <  L.  xiijito,  <  signum,    ign.]     slgn'er,  n. 

sign,    ii.       1.    A    motion    or    action    indicating    thought, 

desire,  or  command;  a  pantomimic  gesture  'J.  V. board, 
plate,  or  representation  of  any  sort,  generally  containing 
an  inscription  and  us.-d  to  indicate  s  place  i,i  business  or 
resort  -i-  \n  arbitrary  mark  used  to  express  a  well- 
known  meaning;  as,  musical  signs.  4.  Math.  (1)  A  con- 
ventional mark  to  indicate  an  operation  or  relation. 
Ug.  One  of  the  symbols  -h  — ,  x,_-f-,  indicating 
the  four  fundamental  operations;  especially,  +  or  — . 


1: » =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    t}  —  s\ng;   thin,   this. 
523  g:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


sick 
silk 


5.  Any  indicative  or  significant  object  or  event;  token; 
emblem;  a  symbol;  symptom.  6.  Biblical.  A  miraculous 
deed;  miracle.  7.  One  of  the 
twelve  equal  divisions  of  the 
zodiac,  named  from  the  con- 
stellations that  formerly  oc- 
cupied them.  See  zodiac. 
8.  In  hunting,  a  trace  left  by 
an  animal.  9f.  A  cognizance 
or  standard.  [  <  F.  signe,  < 
L.  signum,  sign.] 

Syn.:  emblem,  indication.  Blue  Ba>>  SiS°  '5  font  of 
manifestation,  mark.  note,  *ne  ?h°P  of  Benjamin 
omen,  pattern,  presage,  prog-  *  rankiin  a  ratner,  in 
nostic,  signal,  symbol,  symp-  Boston, 
torn,  token,  type.  A  sign  (Latin  signum)  is  any  distinctive 
mark  by  which  a  thing  may  be  recognized  or  its  presence 
known,  and  may  be  intentional  or  accidental,  natural  or  arti- 
ficial, suggestive,  descriptive,  or  wholly  arbitrary;  thus,  a 
blush  may  be  a  sign  of  shame;  the  footprint  of  an  animal  is  a 
sign  that  it  has  passed.  The  sign  of  a  business  house  now 
usually  declares  what  is  done  or  kept  within,  but  formerly 
might  be  an  object  having  no  connection  with  the  business, 
as  "the  sign  of  the  trout";  the  letters  of  the  alphabet  are 
signs  of  certain  sounds.  While  a  sign  may  be  involuntary, 
and  even  unconscious,  a  signal  Is  always  voluntary,  and  is 
also  always  concerted;  a  ship  may  show  signs  of  distress  to 
the  casual  observer,  but  signals  of  distress  are  a  distinct 
appeal  for  aid.  A  symptom  is  a  vital  phenomenon  resulting 
from  a  diseased  condition;  in  medical  language  a  sign  is  an 
indication  of  any  physical  condition,  whether  morbid  or 
healthy;  thus,  a  hot  skin  and  rapid  pulse  are  symptoms  of 
pneumonia;  dullness  of  some  portion  of  the  lungs  under  per- 
cussion is  one  of  the  physical  signs.  See  characteristic; 
emblem;  letter;  mark;  trace.— sign  manual.  1.  [Eng.j 
The  personal  signature  of  the  sovereign  written  at  the  top  of 
state  papers.    2.  The  signature  of  a  person  by  his  own  hand. 

Sig'nal,  1  sig'nal;  2  sig'nal.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [sig'naled  or 
-nalled,  -naldb;  sig'nal-ing  or  -nal-ling.]  To  make 
signals  to;  communicate  by  signals.  II.  a.  Distin- 
guished as  by  some  special  sign;  remarkable;  conspicu- 
ous; eminent.  Syn.:  see  eminent;  extraordinary. 
III.  n.  1.  A  sign  agreed  upon  or  understood,  and  used 
to  convey  information,  especially  at  a  distance;  a  token. 
2.  An  event  that  incites  to  action  or  movement.  3f. 
Sign;  emblem.  [F.,  <  L.LL  signum,  sign.]  Syn.:  see  sign.— 
sig'nal-er  or-ler,  n. — sig'nal-ize,  vt.  [-ized;  -iz"ing.)  To 
render  noteworthy. — slg'nal-ly,  adv.    In  a  signal  manner. 

Kig'na-to-ry,  1  sig'na-to-n;  2  slg'na-to-ry.  I.  a.  Bound 
by  the  terms  of  a  signed  document;  having  signed;  as, 
signatory  powers.  II.  n.  One  who  has  signed  or  is 
bound  by  a  document;  specif.,  a  power  so  bound.  [< 
L.  signalorius,  <  signatus;  see  signature.) 

sig'na-ture,  1  sig'na-dhur  or  -tiur;  2  slg'na-chur  or  -tur, 
n.  1.  The  name  of  a  person,  or  something  representing 
his  name,  written,  stamped,  or  inscribed  by  himself,  or 
by  deputy,  as  a  sign  of  agreement  or  acknowledgment. 
2.  Print.  A  distinguishing  mark  on  the  first  page  of  each 
form  or  sheet  of  a  book;  also,  the  form  or  sheet  on  which 
this  mark  is  placed.  3.  Mus.  (1)  The  sign  of  a  key  on 
the  staff  just  at  the  right  of  the  clef,  showing  which  de- 
grees are  to  be  sharped  or  flatted  and  which  are  not, 
throughout  the  piece,  unless  otherwise  indicated.  (2) 
All  the  signs  at  the  beginning  of  a  staff,  including  the 
clef.     [F.,  <  L."'  signatus,  pp.  of  signo,  sign.] 

sig'net,  1  sig'net;  2  sig'nCt,  n.  1.  A  seal;  especially,  in 
England,  one  of  the  seals  of  the  sovereign,  used  in  weal- 
ing his  private  letters  and  bills  of  grants,  etc.  2.  An  im- 
pression made  by  or  as  if  by  a  seal.  [F.,  <  L.1,1,  signum, 
mark.] — writer  to  the  signet  (Scots  Law),&n  agent  or  at- 
torney in  causes  in  the  Court  of  Session. 

slg-nif'i-cant,  1  sig-nif'i-kant;  2  slg-nlf'i-cant,  a.  1. 
Having  or  expressing  a  Bense,  2.  Betokening  or  stand- 
ing as  a  sign  for  something;  having  Home  covert,  mean- 
ing. 3.  Important,  as  pointing  out  something  weighty; 
momentous:  opposed  to  iimignifiranl.  4.  Math.  Having 
value  or  the  determining  or  influential  value.  [<  L. 
signum.  sign,   +   f'icto,  make.]     Syn.:  see  IMPORTANT,     -ly, 

adv.    sig-nif'i-oanoe,  n.    1.  The  character  <>r  state  of  being 

significant;  expressiveness.    2.  That  which  ih  signiiied  or 

Intended   to  lie  expressed;   meaning.     .1.    Importance;  con- 

sequence:  opposed  to  Inaigntftcanee.    slg-nlfl-ean-cyt. — 

slg"lll-n-ca'lloil,  n.     1.  That  which  Is  signified;  meaning; 

sense;  import,  2.  The  act  of  signifying;  communication. — 
slg-nlf'l-ea-tlv(cH,  a.  1.  Representing,  as  a  sign;  symboli- 
cal. 2.  Conveying,  or  tending  to  convey,  a  inclining:  signifi- 
cant. -slg-nlf'l-ca"tor,  n. 
Slg'lll-fy,  1  sig'ni-fni;  2  slg'ni-fy,  V.  [-PIBD;  -i'y"ing]  I. 
t.  1.  To  make  known  by  .signs  or  words;  express;  com- 
municate; announce;  declare.    2.  Hence,  to  betoken  in 


any  way;  mean;  import.  3.  To  amount  to;  matter;  as, 
what  does  his  opinion  signifyt  4.  To  denote  (medical 
use)  by  signature  or  markings.  II.  i.  To  be  of  conse- 
quence; matter.  Syn.:  see  allude;  import. — slg'ni-fi"er,ra. 

si'gnior,  n.    Same  as  seignior  or  signor. 

sl'gnor,  1  si'nyer;  2  sl'nyor,  n.  Anglicized  form  of  the  Italian 
title  signore:  equivalent  to  sir  or  Mr.  [  <  It.  signore,  <  L. 
senior;  see  senior.]— sl-gno'ra,  n.  The  equivalent  to 
madam  or  Mrs.  [It.] — sl"gno-rl 'na,  re.  The  equivalent 
to  miss.  [It.]— sl"gno-rl'no,  re.  An  Italian  title  of  re- 
spectful address  to  a  young  man.    [It.] 

Slgs'bee,  1  sigz'bi;  2  sigs'be,  Charles  Dwlght  (1845-  ). 
An  American  admiral  and  author. 

slke,  1  saik  or  sik;  2  sik  or  sik,  re.  [Prov.  Eng.]  1.  A  gutter; 
rill.    2.  A  marshy  bottom  with  a  stream  flowing  through  it. 

Sikh,  1  sik;  2  sik,  re.  One  of  a  religious  and  military  sect 
founded  in  India  early  in  the  16th  century. 

si  'lage,  1  sai'hj ;  2  si'lag,  re.    Same  as  ensilage. 

si'lence,  1  sai'lens;  2  sl'lenc.  I.  vt.  [si'lenced4;  si'* 
lenc-ing.]  1.  To  render  silent;  take  away  the  authority 
to  speak  or  the  power  of  reply.  2.  To  stop  the  motion  or 
activity  of;  put  to  rest;  quiet.  3f.  To  hide.  II.  n.  1. 
The  state  or  quality  of  being  silent;  abstinence  from 
speech  or  noise;  taciturnity.  2.  Absence  of  sound  or 
noise;  stillness.  3.  Absence  of  or  refraining  from  men- 
tion; secrecy;  oblivion.  4.  Mus.  A  rest.  [F.,  <  L.  silen- 
tium,  <  silen(l-)s,  ppr.of  stleo,  be  still.]— sl'lcnc-er,  re.  1.  A 
tubular  device  attached  to  the  muzzle  of  a  firearm  render- 
ing the  discharge  noiseless.    2.  Same  as  muffler. 

si  'lent,  1  sai'lent;  2  sI'ISnt,  a.  1.  Not  making  any  sound 
or  noise;  noiseless;  still;  unspoken;  unuttered.  2.  Not 
speaking,  or  not  given  to  speech;  mute;  taciturn.  3. 
Making  no  mention  or  allusion;  passing  by  without 
notice  or  record.  4.  Free  from  activity,  motion,  or  dis- 
turbance; calm;  quiet;  as,  a  silent  retreat.  5.  Interested 
in  a  business,  but  having  no  authority  to  act;  as,  a  silent 
partner.  6.  Phonol.  Written,  but  not  pronounced:  said 
of  a  letter,  as  the  b  in  debt,    -ly,  culv.    -ness,  n. 

sl'lent,  n.  1.  A  device  for  preventing  a  clock  from  striking 
or  an  alarm  from  sounding.  2§.  A  period  of  silence.  Syn.: 
see  tacit;  taciturn. 

Sl-Ie'nus,  1  sai-H'nus;  2  sl-le'nus,  n.  Gr.  Myth.  The  oldest  of 
the  satyrs,  teacher  and  companion  of  Bacchus. 

sl-le'sl-a',  1  si-lI'slii-8  or  -she;  2  si-le'shi-a  or  -sha,  re.  1.  A 
glazed  sleazy  cloth  first  made  In  Prussian  Silesia.  2.  [U.  S.J 
A  thin  twilled  sleazy  cotton  fabric  for  dress-linings. 

Sl-le'sl-as,  n.  1.  Austrian,  a  crownland  and  duchy  in  N. 
Austria:  1,987  sq.  m.;  pop.  776.000.  2.  A  province  in  S.  E. 
Prussia;  15.569  sq.  m.;  pop.  5,226,000.— Sl-le'sl-an,  a.  &  n. 

sllex,  1  sai'Ieks;  2  si'IPks,  re.    Same  as  silica. 

siI"hou-ette',  1  su"u-et';  2  sll"u-et'.  I.  vt.  [-et'ted"1; 
-et'ting.]  To  cause  to  appear  in 
silhouette;  make  a  silhouette  profile 
of.  II.  n.  1.  A  profile  drawing  or 
portrait  having  its  outline  filled  in 
with  uniform  color,  commonly  black, 
often  cut  out,  as  from  cardboard. 
2.  The  figure  or  likeness  cast  by  a 
shadow,  as  on  a  wall.  3.  The  out- 
line of  a  solid  figure;  sky=line.    [F.] 

sil'i-ca,  1  sil'i-ka;  2  sil'i-ca,  n.  1.  A 
white  or  colorless,  extremely  hard, 
crystalline  substance,  the  principal 
constituent  of  quartz  and  sand.  2. 
Same  as  silique.  [<  L,.-silex  (silic-).  Method  of  Taking 
flint.]— sll'i-eate,  re.  A  salt  of  silicic  Silhouettes, 
acid. — sl-llc'lc,  a.  Pertaining  to  or 
consisting  of  silica.— sl-llc'lc  ac'ld.  1.  Same  as  silica.  2. 
A  gelatinous  compound  of  silica  and  water.— Sl-11 'ceOUS, 
a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  containing  silica.  2.  Pertaining  to 
a  class  of  sponges,  sl-11  'clousl. — sll'1-oon,  n.  A  non- 
metallic  element:  the  base  of  silica.  Sec  ELEMENT.  sl-H'- 
cI-iihiI;     sll'l-CUIIlt- 

sll'l-cl(c,  1  sll'i-kl;  2  sll'l-cl,  re.    A  short  slllquc. 

sll'l-qua,  1  sll'i-kwa:  2  sU'l-kwa,  re.  [-qu*,  1  -kwl;  2  -kwc,  pi.] 

I.  An  ancient  Roman  or  Italian  weight .  2.  A  nut.  A  pud-like 
envelop.    3.  Hut.  Same  as  silique.    [L.j 

sl-lique',  1  si-Ilk';  2  si-Ilk',  n.  A  narrow,  dry,  two«\  M\  ed 
pod  or  fruit  produced  by  plants  of  the  mustard  family 
only.    [I1'.,  <  L.  siliqua,  pod.]    sU'1-u.uat.. 

silk,  1  silk;  2  silk.    I.  a.    Consisting  of  silk;  silken;    ilkj 

II.  u.  I.  A  line,  delicate,  glossy,  lilirous  subslonce  pro- 
duced by  various  insects,  especially  by  the  larva  ol 
silkworms,  to  form  their  cocoons.  2.  A  similar  thread 
spun  by  other  insects  or  arachnids,  notably  the  silk- 
spider.  8.  Cloth  or  garments  made  of  silk.  4.  Anything 
resembling  or  reminding  of  silk,  as  the  silky  styles  ol 
t he  Mowers  of  corn.  [Tilt,  ■  <'.r  SSrikoa,  <  Sires,  a 
people  or  Asia  I  Bilk 'en,  a.  i.  Made  ol  or  like  silk.  2. 
Luxurious.— sllk'l-ness,  re.— silk 'man,  n.    A  dealer  In  or 


,i  I  ,        ,  ,  .  |v;    bh,poU         0  B       <>     Or;  full,  rftl.  ;   l<m.  I.flrn; 

i      «h*>t,  nil;  mi,  g#l,  prfy.  ftrn;  bit,  loe;  i     ..I     8;  gA,  not.  dr,  wAn, 


m 


\  ■  •  In  n  Kllk-r  . 

.ilk    .1...  aim  ■  Bilk  stock  U  - 

■ilk    norm    . 

„ 

.Ilk   >. 

1 


-.11.        . 

-ll    . 


I 


Silkworm 


n,  ul  .t  structure  of  an\  kind 

.n  n-i.ui..  \  diab  made  of  milk 

.1     lUla-bub  . 

Mi.  |    1.  Destitute  of  ordinary 

■.'.   '  teriaed  by  or 

imbecility;  foolish;  stupid      3. 

ul;  impotent;  helpless     4  .  Ingenu- 

.*>  .  Happy ;  bli  •'■  •  Simple;  plain; 

mate  ]     Syn.:  see  I  mi.IM-.li;  UDII  - 

.11  ii-i>.  tilll-nesa, 

.11   1>  .  ;.'  '    A  Bill]   | 

.i  in.  l-i">'.  /'/  ]     Any  close  pit  in 

kin,  or  other  food  is  stored.    [8p.,  <  L. 

pit  for  corn  ] 
SMo'am,   |   M-|or  sal-|l6'em:  2  sl-[or  sl-llo'am,  n.     Bib.     A 

/(  '  ■;  l\.  7 

Kilt,  1  silt;  2  silt.    I!.  rf  An     To  obstruct  or  b meob- 

■  illy  with  up;  also,  to  oose 

II.  a.    Fine  earthy  sediment  carried  and 

nich  sediment.    [  < 

.in  >.  :     Like  or  Oiled  with  silt 
>»l-l u  rl-an.  }  >i-lu'rl-an.   <;>»l.   I.  a.   Of  or  per- 

taining m  the  Silurian.     Sl-lu'rlrt.     II.  n.     1.  A  i1ivNh.ii 
era  next  above  the  Cambrian,  sometimes 
railed  the  era  of  Invertebrates.     2.  Originally,  the  division 
an. 
.Il'ia,  .11  'tan. 

.il  wr.  .  -Il'vcr.    I.  r( .    1.  To  coat  or  plate  with 

'.'.  I    i  impart  a  silvery  hue  or  luster  t"; 

oary.    II.  a.    1.  Made  of  silver. 

iving  a  silvery  luster,    jk.  Having 

.  -ilver  bell;  hence,  enticing;  per- 

t.  eful;  gentle.    III.  rt.    1.  A  white, 

due-  •  the  precious  metal 

8.6  in  or  silverware.    3.  The  luster  or 

fol'or.  silver.)    Syn.:  see  honit. 

.U'wr-lng,  n      I.  A  plating  or  covering  of  silver,  or  an 

Imlt-  any  surface.     2.  The  art  or 

ss  of  coating  surfaces  with  or  as  with  silver.    3.  /'hot. 

;»-r  with  a  sliver  salt.—  sll'ver-ly,  adv.  In 

the  n  Ihtly;  with  sweet  tone. — sll'vern, 

a.  [Poet   or  Arch;,  or  like  silver;  also,  secondary 

In  Imp  .MAer-smlth",  n.     A  worker  In  silver;  a 

maker  of  silverware      -H'wr-ware",  n.     Articles  made  of 

>H'\er-),  a.     Containing,  adorned  with,  or  like 

.11  Acr-l-ne...  [coin.    2.  A  tarpon. 

.11  wr-llng.   I         ...r-lin:  2  sll'vfr-llng.  n.     1.  An  old  silver 

it-mat    .  torwomen    cj-mar':;  sl-marro't. 

-im'.-on.  ;  -lm'i-an;  2  slm'e-on,  n.    Bib.   1.  A  son  of  Jacob, 

■  ■     IMMITTIS. 

rinl  an.  1   rim'i-en;  2  slm'i-an.     I.  a.     Like  an  ape  or 

■iini-.il  .     II.  n.    An  ape  or  monkey, 
.|m'l-lar,  1  sim'i4ar;  2  slm'i-lar,  a.    1.  Bearing 

blance  to  one  another  or  to  something  else;  like,  bul  not 
con.;  tical;  of  like  characteristics,  nature,  or 

ime  scope,  order,  or  purpose.    2.  .W  . 
Mon  in  the  same  direction;  ascending  or  de- 
astwoparts     %*Geom  Shaped  alike: 
.:'  which  may  become  congruous 
with  the  other  by  increasing  all  its  linear  dimensions  in 
maining  unchanged, 
it.  B  I     rtmllU.  similar!    Syn.:  see  ai.ikk; 

.ltn"l-lar'l-t>,  n.    [-TUB*,  pf.]    l.Thequal- 
-  itate  of  being  similar:  hence,  the  point  In  Which  the 
objects  compared  are  similar.    2.  pi.    Things  that  coincide 
with  or  resemble  each  other.    Synj  see  aj»ai/XJT;  atpbox- 
imat:  .lin 'l-lar-ly,  adv.     Syn.:  see  also. 

»lm'l-le,  1  sim'i-h;  2  slm'i-le,  n.  A  rhetorical  figure  ex- 
pressing comparison  or  likeness,  by  the  use  of  such  terms 
as  like,  a»,  to,  •■•  .   :rom   rrwlaplior  and 

ro-mpnrison  proper.    |L.,  <  timilis.  similar.] 

Syn  :  mmnarison,  figure,  figure  of  speech.  Illustration. 
Image.  Imagery',  likeness,  metaphor,  similitude,  symbol. 
The  *lmUe  carries  Its  note  of  eomparUon  on  the  surface.  In 
the  words  as.  like,  such  as.  or  similar  expressions;  the  meta- 
phor la  given  directly  without  any  note  of  comparison.  "  God 


a  rock"  Is  a  itmU  oo«"  It  ■  meiaphoi 

Thai   i  tna)  become  a  simile,  oblects  of  dlflereni 

be  compared,  bringing  In  s< Imaglnatlvi 

i       lludsou  la  ilka  the  Rhine    la  doi 
I  tlu  bul  to  ia) .  "The 

io  flows  like  the  march  of  time"  la  to  tin  the  river 
out  of  Its  cla  itc  n  srlth  ■  ureal  element 

,  .pi  ion.  aii.  I  thus  io  transform  u >mpari«Mi  Into  a  simile, 

SlmtlUudt  is  i.roa.i.-r  In  meaning  than  rimtl*  or  metaphor, 
and  may  Include  direct  ami  literal  comparison     >  ompare 

U  i  I  .."in      i\ii  ■•..<      t  miii  i  M 

si-mlll-uidc,  1  i  mil'i  lifld;  2  i  mH'i  tOd,  n  I.  Simi- 
larity '.'.  Ih.it  which  is  similai  3.  V  simile  l.f,.../n 
The  relation  of  identity  between  two  I  peotive 
of  mairnltude     [F.,   •     i-   timUiivdo,  llkeneaa  Syn      •• 

\N  M  ....1  .    IM  »'.t   .    IL    II    III    .    SIMM  I 

-im  'i-oid.  sini  'i-ous,  a    Ba as  simi  i\.  .1 

slm'l-tar.  l  dm'i-ter;  L'  slm'i-tar,  n  1.  \n  Oriental 
sword  or  sal»-r  of  extreme  curve     'J.    \  bill»hook  ol 

somewhat  similar  iorm.     [<01  »,  OOn    ol   Pel 

thamhir,   <   sham.  nail,    t    s/ilr.  lion  |     rlm'e-ter;;  clin'l- 

t.ir ■;  lelml-tart;  siinri-ier:. 

Simla,  l  inula;  8  stmla,  >i.  A  city  In  Punjab  province, 
India;  the  viceregal  summer  residence;  i>op  88,000 

slin'iner,  1  aim'sr;  2  slm'er,  vl  a  pi  lo  boil,  or  cause  to 
boil,  gently  or  with  a  singing  sound;  be  or  keep  juat  at  oi 
below  the  boiling-point;  also  used  figuratively.  |<  Sw, 
dial  rumma,  buss  (imitative).]    ilm'merln. 

slin'iiel.  1  slm'nel;  S  sini'nel.  it.  1 .  A  varlet  y  of  sipiash.  2t. 
A  brittle  rake   of    line  Hour;   also,    a    rleh    rake    for   Slmnel 

uniii-i.eiii  Sunday,  Easter,  or  Christinas.    I-    OF.  simenel, 
<  L.  simiin,  One  flour.]    slm'bllng;;  slm'llii;. 
Sl'mon,  1  sai'man;  2  al'mon,  n.  Bio.  1.  Peter,  see  i 
'£.  Zo-lo'tos,  one  ol  the  twelve  apostles.    Luke  vi,  15. 

3.  A  sorcerer.     Acfsviii,9.     Si'moil  .Ma'Rtlst. 
slni'o-ny,  1  sim'o-ni;  2  slm'o-ny,  n.     TrafEc  in  sacred 
thini:-;  the  purchase  or  sale  of  ecclesiastical  preferment . 

[<  C.r.  SimOn,  Simon;  see    1.7    vlll,  18,  19.] — sl-mo'iil-ac. 

n. — g|m"o-nJ'a-cal,  a.   -ly,  adv. 

sl-iiioom',  1  si-mum ';2si-m6om',  n.  A  hot.  dry,  exhaust- 
ing wind  of  the  desert,  as  in  Africa  and  Arabia.  [<  Ar. 
sam&m,  <  samma,  be  poisoned!     sa-moun';;  sl-moon'{. 

slm'per,  1  sim'per;  2  Bbn'per.    I.  vi.    To  smile  in  a  sillj  . 

BOnBCdoufl   manner.      II.    n.      A   silly,   self-conscious 
smile       [<    Norw.    semper,   smart] — slm'per-ing-ly, 
arfr.    With  a  simper:  foolishly  or  affectedly. 
sllii'pliep,  1  sim'pl;  2  sim'pl,  a.     [em'PLEB;  BDf'l 

1.  I  Sonsisting  of  one  thing;  single;  uiicomliin.il;  unmin 
gled.  2.  Not  complex  or  complicated.  3.  Without  em- 
bellishment; plain;  unadorned.  4.  Free  from  affecta- 
tion; sincere;  artless;  unsophisticated;  also,  of  humble 
rank  or  condition;  lowly.  5.  Of  weak  intellect;  silly; 
feebleminded.  6.  Not  worth  much  consideration;  in- 
Bjgnincant;  trifling;  ordinary.  7.  Having  nothing 
added;  mere.     [F.,   <  L.  simplex,  lit.  onefold.] 

Syn.:  chaste,  modest,  natural,  neat,  plain,  quiet,  un- 
adorned, unaffected,  unembelllsned,  unpretentious,  un- 
Btudled,  unvarnished.  Bee  candid;  pure.— -Ant.:  affected. 
artful,  artificial,  complex,  complicated,  elaborate.  Intricate. 
Involved,  ostentatious,  overwrought,  pretentious,  snowy, 
sim  'pleihearfed1',  a.  1.  Tender-hearted.  •».  [ngenuou 
In  disposition;  open;  sincere,    simple  machine.    I.  Mech 

Any  one  of  certain  elementary  mechanical  contXlvani 

the  lever,  the  wedge,  the  Inclined  plane,  the  screw,  the  wheel 
and  axle,  and  the  pulley.  2.  A  hand-tool  having  no  parts, 
..r  two  parts  working  In  simple  combination,  as  shears,  s.. 
minded,  a.  1.  Artless  or  unsophisticated  In  character 
4i.  Defective  In  Intellect;  mentally  imbecile,  -slm'plcr,  ;/ 
A  collector  or  dispenser  of  herbs  or  medicinal  remedies  ex- 
tracted from  them;  herbalist.  sliii'pl(e-toii'\  n.  A  weak> 
miniled  or  silly  person.— slm'plcx,  a.  Simple;  noting  a 
form  of  telegraphy  In  which  only  one  message  Is  sent  over  a 
wire  at  a  time.  —  slm-plle i-ty,  n.  [-tiks'-.  /)/.)  The  state 
ol  being  simple.  Syn.:  see  innocence.  slm'pKe-ness't. 
Blm'pU-fy,  nt.  t-iii.n;  -fy*dio.]  To  render  simple  or  more 
mtelllglble.     slm"pll-fi-ca'tlon,  n.     slm'ply,  adv. 

slm  'pie,  n.  1.  That  which  Is  simple;  an  unartinclal,  unsophis- 
ticated, or  natural  thing;  un  element,  'i.  A  medicinal  plant, 
or  the  medicine  extracted  from  It.    3.  A  Simpleton 

Slm'plon,  1  slm'plon;  2  slm'plOn,  n.  A  tunneled  mountain 
pass  In  S.  W.  Swl  zerland;  6,694  ft.  high;  1.  12}  m. 

slm'u-lar '.,  1  slm'yu-Iar:  2  slm'yu-lar.  a.  I.  Given  to  simula- 
tion: pretending.     2.  Counterfeit. 

slm'u-lar,  n.    One  who  simulates;  a  pretender. 

slm'u-lat€,  1  sim'yu-let;  2  slm'yv-lat,  vt.  [-lat^'ed'1; 
-lat"ing.|  1.  To  assume  or  have  the  mere  appearance 
or  form  of,  without  the  reality;  imitate;  counterfeit.  2. 
Specifically;  d  In  phonology,  to  assume,  as  one  word. 
the  form  of  'another;  because  of  a  fancied  connection, 
(2)  Hinl.  To  mimic.  [<  L.  timulo  pp  simulatus),  < 
slmllis,  similar.)  Syn.:  see  imitate ;  pketend.—  slm  'u-lant. 


1: »  =  final:    I  =  habltj^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sing;    (hin,   this. 
725         2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this. 


Sill 

single 


I.  a.  Simulating.  II.  n.  One  who  or  that  which  simulates. 
— sim'u-latet,  a.  Simulated.— slm"u-la'tlon,  n.  Syn.: 
see  pretense. — slm'u-la"tor,  n. — slm'u-la-to-ry,  a. 

sim"ul-ta'ne-ous,  1  sim"ul-te'ni-us;  2  sim"ul-ta,'ne-us,  a. 
Occurring,  done,  or  existing  at  the  same  time.  [  <  L.LL 
simnl,  together.]— sim"ul-ta-ne'i-ty,  n.  sim"ul-ta'nc- 
ous-nessj. — sim"ul-ta'ne-ous-ly,  adv. 

sin,  1  sin;  2  sin,  v.  [sinned;  sin'ning.]  I.  I.  1.  To  con- 
sume or  waste  by  sin:  with  adverbial  adjunct;  as,  to  sin 
away  one's  day  of  grace.  2.  To  commit  as  a  sin:  usually 
with  a  cognate  object;  as,  to  sin  a  sin.  II.  i.  To  com- 
mit sin;  transgress,  neglect,  or  disregard  the  divine  law 
or  any  requirement  of  right  or  duty;  do  wrong;  offend: 
often  followed  by  against.  [  <  AS.  syn.] — sin  'nor,  /;  1. 
One  who  has  sinned.     2.  An  irreligious  person. 

Sin,  n.  1.  Any  want  or  conformity  to  or  transgression 
of  a  rule  or  requirement  of  rectitude  or  duty;  also,  the 
state  or  condition  of  having  thus  transgressed;  wicked- 
ness: distinguished  legally  from  crime.  2.  A  special  in- 
stance of  such  violation;  a  transgression;  loosely, a  fault; 
an  error;  offense.     3||.  A  sin=offering. 

Syn.:  crime,  criminality,  delinquency,  depravity,  evil, 
guilt.  Undoing,  immorality,  iniquity,  misdeed,  offense, 
transgression,  ungodliness,  unrighteousness,  vice,  vicious- 
ness,  wickedness,  wrong,  wrong»doing.  Sin  is  any  lack  of 
holiness,  any  defect  of  moral  purity  and  truth,  whether  in 
heart  or  life,  whether  of  commission  or  of  omission.  "All  un- 
righteousness is  sin."  1  John  v.  17.  Transgression,  as  its 
etymology  indicates.  Is  the  stepping  over  a  specific  enact- 
ment, whether  of  God  or  man,  ordinarily  by  overt  act,  but  in 
the  broadest  sense  in  volition  or  desire.  Sin  may  be  either 
act  or  state;  transgression  is  always  an  act,  mental  or  physi- 
cal. Crime  is  often  used  for  a  flagrant  violation  of  right,  but 
in  the  technical  sense  denotes  specific  violation  of  human 
law.  Guilt  is  desert  of  and  exposure  to  punishment  because 
of  sin.  Depravity  denotes  no  act,  but  a  perverted  moral  con- 
dition from  which  any  act  of  sin  may  proceed.  Sin  in  the 
generic  sense,  as  denoting  a  state  of  heart,  Is  synonymous 
with  depravity;  in  the  specific  sense,  as  in  the  expression  a 
sin.  or  in  the  plural  sins,  the  term  is  synonymous  with  trans- 
gression or  transgressions.  Immorality  denotes  outward  vio- 
lation of  the  moral  law.  Compare  criminal;  offense. — 
Ant.:  godliness,  goodness,  holiness,  integrity,  morality, 
purity,  right,  righteousness,  sinlessness,  uprightness,  virtue. 
Compare  synonyms  for  viktue. — sin  'less,  a.  Having  no 
sin;  guiltless;  innocent.  Syn.:  see  innocent;  perfect. — 
sln'=of"fer-ing,  n.    An  offering  made  in  atonement  for  sin. 

sin.,  abbr.    Sine. — sin.,  sing.,  abbr.    Singular. 

Si'nai,  1  sai'nai  or  sai'm-ai;  2  sl'ni  or  sl'na-I,  n.  1.  Bib.  A 
mountain  in  Arabia  on  which  the  commandments  and  law 
were  given  to  Moses.  2.  A  peninsula  N.  of  the  Red  Sea; 
length,  140  m.— Si"na-it'lc,  a.     Sl-na'ict. 

sin'a-pism,  1  sin'a-pizm;  2  sin'a-pism,  n.  Med.  A  mustard 
plaster.    [<  Gr. L  sinapismos,  <  sinapi,  mustard.] 

since,   )  1  sins;  2  sine.    I.  adv.    1.  From  a  past  time,  men- 

sinsep, J  tioned  or  referred  to,  up  to  the  present.  2.  At 
some  time  after  a  certain  past  time  or  event  and  before 
now;  after  and  in  the  mean  time.  3.  In  time  before  the 
present;  before  this;  before  now;  ago. 

Syn.:  ago.  The  adverb  since,  in  this  connection,  refers  to 
quite  recent  past  time,  while  ago  covers  past  time  in  general; 
as.  "  A  messenger  was  here  to  see  you."  "How  long  since?" 
or  "How  long  ago?"  If  one  says,  "The  Spanish  Armada 
was  destroyed  off  the  coast  of  England,"  to  ask  "  How  long 
since?"  Instead  of  "  How  long  ago?"  would  have  a  grotesque 
effect,  as  If  the  event  had  happened  lately.  But  of  some  his- 
toric character  we  may  say,  "  He  died  a  century  ago." 

II.  prep.  During  or  within  the  lime  after;  ever  after,  or 
at  a  time  after.  III.  conj.  1.  From  and  subsequently  to 
the  time  when;  during  or  within  the  time  after  that.  2. 
Because  of  or  following  upon  the  fact  that;  inasmuch  as; 
seeing  that;  because.  [  <  AS.  sit h than,  <  sith,  after,  + 
tham,  dat.  of  thset,  that.]    Syn.:  see  because;  THEREFORE. 

sin-cere',  1  sin-sir';  2  sln-cer',  a.  1.  Being  in  reality  as  in 
appearance.  2.  Intending  precisely  what  one  says  or 
what  one  appears  to  intend ;  honest  in  one's  action  or  pro- 
fession.  3 1).  Free;  pure:  often  with  of.  [<  I/,  sincerus, 
probably  <  sin-,  one,  wholly,  -f  ccrno,  separate.]  Syn.:  see 
candid;  honest.  -  sin-eerely.  adv.  —  sln-oer'l-ty,  n. 
Syn.:  see  INNOCENCE,     sln-eere'nesst. 

sln'rl-put,  1  Niii'si-put:  \i  sin'cl-put,  n.  The  top  of  the  head, 
especially  the  anterior  pori ion.  Compare  OCCIPUT.  [L.,  < 
semi-,  half,  4-  caput,  head]      slll-clp 'l-tal,  a. 

Sind,  i  Bind;  2  Bind,  n.  a  province  of  n.  W,  Bombay,  British 
India;  47,000  sq.  m.;  pop.  3,513,400     Sclntlct;  SlndeJ. 

Nlnd'bad,  1  slnd'bad;  2  slnd'bad,  the  Sailor,  in  the  Arabian 
Nights  Entertainment,  a  traveling  merchant  <>f  Bagdad,  who 
relates  marvelous  adventures.     Sin 'had  1. 

sine,  1  sain;  2  sin,  n.  The  perpendicular  dropped  from 
one  end  of  a  circular  arc  upon  the  rad'Ut  oi  the  other 
end,  or  its  ratio  to  the  radius.    [  <  L.  sinus,  bend.] 


sl'ne,  1  sai'ni;  2  sl'ne,  prep.  Without.  [L.] — sl'ne  di'e, 
without  a  day;  Anally;  as,  an  adjournment  sine  die.  [L.]  — 
s.  qua  non,  literally,  without  which  not;  that  which  is  in- 
dispensable; an  essential.    [L]    Syn.:  see  necessity. 

si 'ne-cure,  1  sai'ni-kiur;  2  sl'ne-ctir,  n.  1.  An  office  hav- 
ing emoluments  with  few  or  no  duties.  2.  Eccl.  A  ben- 
efice without  cure  of  souls.  [  <  L.  sine,  without,  (-  cura, 
care.] — si'ne-cur-ism,  n. — sl'ne-cur-ist,  n. 

sin'ew,  1  sin'yu;  2  sTn'yu.  I.  vt.  1.  To  strengthen  or 
knit  together,  as  with  sinews.  2.  To  supply  with  sinews; 
make  strong  or  robust.  II.  n.  1.  A  tendon  or  other 
fibrous  cord.  2.  Strength,  or  that  which  supplies 
strength.  [  <  AS.  sinu,  sinew.] — sinews  of  war,  money. 
— sin'ew-less,  a.— sin'ew-y,  a.  1.  Characteristic  of  a 
sinew.   2.  Well  braced  with  sinews.   Syn.:  see  strong. 

sin  'fill,  a.  Consisting  in,  suggestive  of,  or  tainted  with  sin. 
Syn.:  bad,  criminal,  depraved,  evil,  faulty,  flagitious,  im- 
moral, iniquitous,  nefarious,  unholy,  unrighteous,  unworthy, 
vicious,  vile,  villainous,  wicked,  wrong.  See  bad;  crim- 
inal; immoral.  Compare  synonyms  for  sin.  —  Ant.:  godly, 
good,  holy,  immaculate,  incorrupt,  incorruptible,  innocent, 
just,  right,  righteous,  sinless,  spotless,  stainless,  undefiled. 
unfallen,  unperverted,  unstained,  unsullied,  untainted,  up- 
_  right,  virtuous,  worthy.— sin 'ful-ly,  adv.— sln'fui-ness,  n. 

sing,  1  sin;  2  sing,  v.     [sang  or  sung;  sung;  sing'ing.J 

I.  t.  1.  To  utter  as  a  song.  2.  To  celebrate  in  song  or 
verse.  3.  To  affect  as  with  a  song;  soothe  or  charm 
with  singing.  II.  i.  1.  To  utter  a  song;  emit  melodious 
sounds.  2.  To  relate  something  in  verse;  hence,  to  com- 
pose poetry.  3.  To  have  a  sensation  of  audible  buzzing 
or  humming.     [  <  AS.  singan,  sing.] 

Syn.:  carol,  chant,  chirp,  chirrup,  hum,  warble.  To 
sing  is  primarily  and  ordinarily  to  utter  a  succession  of  ar- 
ticulate musical  sounds  with  the  human  voice.  The  word 
has  come  to  Include  any  succession  of  musical  sounds;  we 
say  the  bird  or  the  rivulet  sings;  we  speak  of  "the  singing 
quality"  of  an  instrument,  and  by  still  wider  extension  of 
meaning  we  say  the  teakettle  or  the  cricket  sings.  To 
chant  is  to  sing  in  solemn  and  somewhat  uniform  cadence; 
chant  is  ordinarily  applied  to  non«metrical  religious  com- 
positions. To  carol  is  to  sing  joyously,  and  to  warble  (kin- 
dred with  whirl)  is  to  sing  with  trills  or  quavers,  usually 
also  with  the  idea  of  joy.  Carol  and  warble  are  especially 
applied  to  the  singing  of  birds.  To  chirp  is  to  utter  a  brief 
musical  sound,  perhaps  often  repeated  in  the  same  key,  as 
by  certain  small  birds,  insects,  etc.  To  chirrup  is  to  utter  a 
somewhat  similar  sound;  the  word  is  often  used  of  a  brief 
sharp  sound  uttered  as  a  signal  to  animate  or  rouse  a  horse 
or  other  animal.  To  hum  is  to  utter  murmuring  sounds  with 
somewhat  monotonous  musical  cadence,  usually  with  closed 
lips;  we  speak  also  of  the  hum  of  machinery,  etc.— slng'- 
Ingsnias"ter,  n.    An  instructor  in  vocal  music. 

Sln"ga-pore',  1  sin'ga-por';  2  sIn"ga-por',  n.  1.  A  British 
island  near  S.  Malay  peninsula;  206  sq  m.:  pop.  358,912.  2. 
its  capital,  a  seaport  town;  pop.  193.000 

singe,  1  sinj;  2  sing.  I.  vt.  [singed;  singe'ing.1  1.  To 
burn  slightly  or  superficially;  discolor  by  burning; 
scorch.  2.  To  parch.  3.  To  damage,  as  one's  reputa- 
tion. II.  n.  1.  The  act  of  singeing.  2.  A  heat  that 
singes.  3.  An  injury  or  risk,  as  if  from  or  of  singeing. 
[  <  AS.  sengan,  caus.  of  singan,  sing.]    Syn.:  see  burn. 

sing'er1,  1  sin'ar;  2  slng'er,  n.  One  who  sings;  a  poet. 
Syn.:  see  poet. 

slng'er 3,  1  sinj'ar;  2  sing'er,  n.    One  who  or  that  which  singes. 

Sln"glia-Iese\  1  sin"ga-lls'  or  -Hz;  2  sln"ga-lCs'  or  -leg.  I.  a. 
Of  or  pertaining  to  the  race  constituting  the  majority  of  the 
people  of  Ceylon.  II.  n.  1.  One  of  this  race.  2.  The  lan- 
guage of  the  Singhalese.    Sln"lia-lose't. 

sin'gKe1',  1  shj'gl;  2  sln'gl.  l.vt.&vi.  [sin'gl(b)dp;  sin'- 
gling.]  1.  To  choose  (one)  from  others:  generally  with 
<iiit.     2.  To  part  oneself  from  others,  as  a  hunted  deer 

II.  a.  1.  Consisting  of  one  only  ;  separate;  individual.  2. 
Having  no  companion  or  assistant;  alone.  3.  Unmar- 
ried; also,  pertaining  to  tho  unmarried  state.  4.  Of  or 
pertaining  to  one  alone;  hence,  singular;  uncommon; 
unique.  5.  Consisting  of  only  one  part  ;  uncompounded  . 
simple.    6.  In  good  condition;  sound;  hence,  upright; 

sincere.  7.  Having  but  one  on  a  side,  as  B  contest.  H. 
Mech.  Designed  for  use  with  one  thing  of  which  there 
might  be  more;  as,  a  single  harness  (for  one  horse).  9. 
Bot,  (1)  Solitary,  as  a  flower  when  it  is  I  he  only  one  on 
astern:  opposed  to  clustered.  (2)  In  popular  usage,  h.i\ 
ing  only  one  row  of  petals:  opposed  to  double.  10|.  ( >f 
medium  strength;  mild:  said  of  malt  liquors.  III.  n 
That  which  is  single;  a  unit  ;  one.     |(  »l'\,    <   L,  sitiguhis, 

single.]    Bra.:  see  particular;  solitary:-  ■tn/gleuoot", 

n.    [Local,  U.  S.|   A  gait  of  Morses;  I  Me  amble.      s.=hande<l, 

</.    Without  assistance;  unaided,    b. 'hearted,  a.    of. sin 

cere  and   frank   disposition,      1. •minded,   </.      Having   but 

one  purpose  or  end  In  view;  hence,  free  from  duplicity;  In 

genuous     s.-mlndedness,  n.    sln'glc-ncss,  ».— sln'gle- 


>  1 1  i  g  * 
•  k<u 


it  m         fat,  fare;   'n  I  i  0        "     Or;   full,  rule;   1ml,  l.Orn; 

.        i  i       .4        ISM,  what,  g.1 1;    i:  <       •  |  ii         i  i  i'.  i.i'n,  in.  won,      IM 


•  ii.  k  i  .1  it  irk  used  in 

.  f  timing  « iili 

Ibcll  'III    (I.  -lull,  i  \ 

■  thing,  distinct  from 
rio'i  -in  nil . 

■Jog  tons,    .  I.   Monotonous 

'.'.     I  nil  ' 

tint  Mjoi   . 
tin'gu-lar,  I.        i .  Standing 

rdanrc  «  nli  custom 
<  »i  unusual  \  slue  "i 

i|    lh.    usual  cxpcri- 

'.'.  I         isting  i.i  only 
mplfx;  -in.;       -t. 

•  ■  i   shared  by  other 

t   .  Hi-inn  alone;  unique.    II.  a.    I. 

.in  r,  or  a  word  iii  that  number, 

ngulut; 

xtraordinabt;  odd;  qi  ebb;  babb, 

sin~cu-i.tr  i-i>  .  i .  i    .    tate  or  quality 

•  nlrlclty. 

vin  (ii-i.ir-n< --  .  iarai  n       !-      '-'.  icbarac- 

rsoD  or  thing  la  distinguished 

.  peculiarity.    I.  Something  ol  un- 

-ln  'gu-lar-l), 

sin  i  —  ii-r.  '.  -:  .r;  :_'  rfnls-ter,  a     1.  Situated  "ii  the 

jkt*hand,    2.  Ihr. 

•■  r;  henoe,  right  aa 

rver:  opposed  I.,  dexter,     3.   Boding, 

■  ■r  attended  with  disaster;  unlucky;  inauspi- 
4.  Morally  indirect;  evil:  perverse.     [<  F.  m- 

»i  ni —  trail,  <)</■.    Toward  the 

ed  to  dtitrnd.  \+   ad.  to.]  — 

•  in  i--ir.il.  ning  i...  or  turned  toward  the  left 

sin la-trorset;  slnls-tror 'salt,    sin'- 

Is  tiasu,        i .  ■  if  or  pertaining  to  the  left,    2  ■  sinister. 

fink.  1  -::., r. .  L'  -ii_.k.  t,     [sA\k  or  .-ink;  BUNK  nr  si  n  k'i  n  ; 

□to.]    I.  t.     1.  Tu  submerge,  a*  in  water.    2.  To 
Lownward  or  lower,  as  a  well;  drive  down  <t 

:f.  .  -..I.  or  to  seem  to  de- 

4.  -  -ii  niatioti  or  reputation;  debase; 

-  an.  5.  To  reduce,  as  in  power,  amount,  or 
valai  lower.     6.  To  cause  to  droop  or  lower; 

-  ish.  7>  To  lose  irrevocably;  dissipate;  waste. 
h.  I  keep  from  or  put  out  of  observation ;  suppress; 
conceal     V.  To  incise  or  inscribe,  as  a  die.    II.  i.    1.  To 

ivity  through  a  lighter  medium; 

n;  as,  the  ship  sank.     2.  To  fall 

or  fail  slowly  or  by  degrees.    3.  To  enter  or  penetrate;  be 

rbed;  subside;  be  impressed  or  fixed,  as  in  memory. 

4.  1  rardor  oelow  the  hoiuon;  set.    5.  To 

iwer;  be  lowered,  as  in  price  or 

valu  G.  To  become  shrunken;  become  con- 

7.    .       .        ■  1.  go  down;  incline  down- 

-  from  sight  or  observation:   crouch;   oower; 
8   .  To  iM-ri-ti,  or  be  destroyed.     [<  AS.  sincan, 

Sjtij  see  abask;  fall;  immkr.se. — slnk'er,  n     One 

-  that  which  sinks,  or  causes  to  sink—  to  sink  without 

trar,  d  a  ship,  as  with  a  torpedo,  so  as  to 

■  I  and  drown  all  hands— sink 'Ing,  n.  —  slnk'- 
Ingifund",  n.  A  fund  so  Invested  that  Its  gradual  accumu- 
lations will  wipe  out  a  debt  at  maturity. 

viiik.  I.  A  basin  connected  with  a  drain,  to  receive 

i  cesspool,  or  the  like;  hence,  a  low  re- 

natural  cavity,  especially  a  drainage-cavity, 

■    •  ter  through  rock.    slnk'shole"t. 

>l'non.  ;  -.    Mm;  2  sl'non.  n.     (In       Myth.     The  Creek  who 

ma  to  drag  the  wooden  bone  Into  Troy. 

-liri<-r.  '  n    Calcareous  or  snioeous  material 

1  .       liter,  dross  of  Iron. I 
sln'u-ate,  1  -in';.  .    ,t      L  vt.    [-AT"ra'l;-AT"- 

pra  .  in  and  out;  turn;  wind.    II.  a.    Winding 

It,  as  a  margin;  tortuous;  sinuous;  wavy.     [< 
•iWj  ipp.  xinuatux),    <   sinu  .  curve.]     sln'u-afedi. 
-In'u-ate-lj.  nil'.     s|n~u-a'tlon,  n.    A  winding. 
sln'u-<)Us,  ;  Characterized  by 

rinding;  hence,  devious;  erring.    [<  L. 
rinuoru*.  <  rlnus,  bend  ]    -ly,  adt     -ness,  n.     sln"u-os'l- 
t),  n      1.  Sinuous  quality.     2.  A  winding;  deflection, 
si  'nil-,  1  sal'nus:  2  sl'nQs.  n     '-;'■  ■  — es,  pi.)    A  re- 

cesH  formed  l.y  a  bending  or  folding;  an  opening  or  cavity. 
Especially: '1    An  arm  of  the  s,-a:  a  bay.     (2)   Anal   • 

dilated  part,  as  of  a  vessel.     (3) 
Any  narrow  opening  leading  to  an  abscess,  etc.    [L.) 

EM  'on.  •         me  as  2 

Sloui,  1  sO:  2  su.  n.  Hng.  A  pi.    A  member  or  members  of  a 

North-American  Indian  tribe  originally  Inhabiting  the  basins 
Mississippi  and  Missouri  rivers 
>loui  (  lt'>.    A  manufacturing  city  In  VV.  Iowa;  pop.  60,000. 
sip,   1    sip;  2   sip.     I.   tt.   ft  «'.    [sippkd';   hip'pino  ]     J  i, 


Imbibe  (a  liquid)  In  small  quantitii  ■;  hi  do  .  to  absorb 
slowl}  II.  n  I.  A  very  small  draft;  a  more  t  •  t .  '.'. 
lh.   a,  i  ,■■  . pan,  sup  J 

slplioii.il        I'lBI      L'  -lion       I.St    An       To  draw  off  Dy 

■lTonra    l  ..1  pass  through  n  siphon     II.  n      I.  A  bent 
tube  used  foi  drawing  liquids  ovei  the  inti  rvenii 
ol   .i  vi  isel     '!■   \  nphon>like  tube  oi  organ      [P.,  ■ 

-I  pliiiii-mi  . 
s|  pbo-iio-pborr.  1  siii'fn  ii,.  f..i  .  2  sl'ln  DO  I0l .  '•'       \  marliir 

organism  with  fr swimming  pelagic  oolonlei  arising  i > \ 

budding  i  ■•in.  bear  I 

>lr.  1  iuT;2sIr,  n  I.  The  conventional  term  of  respeotful 
address  to  nun:  used  absolutely,  and  not  followed  by  a 
proper  name.  2.  [8-j  [Eng.l  \  title  "i  baronet 
kmglii-:  used  before  and  with  the  ( Ihristian  nam.  :t  . 
K  title  given  to  persons  of  rank  or  to  officials;  as,  rir  herald; 
lerk  4  .  An  influential  oi  important  person.  |  < 
i    ft  Ol     rfrs,       i     '  in"',  see  si  nior  i 

slr-d:ir',  1  -,.r -dur'.  8  -ir-dar'.  It  In  India  and  <  irlrnlal  0OUD- 
tries,  a  chief  or  lord,  specif  .  In  Egypt,  the  cuiiiiiainlir-ln- 
chief  nf  the  army.      Illlnil  |     slr-dar 'ship,  „. 

sire,  1  suir; 2 air,  Let.  [bibed; bib'ino.J  Tobeget:nov 
used  chiefl]  ..i  animal-  II.  n .  1.  One  who  begets  or 
creates;  an  ancestor  or  progenitor,  (1)  A  father.  (2) 
The  male  parent  ol  a  mammal,  the  female  parent  being 
usually  termed  the  dam,  2.  A  form  ol  address  to  a  su- 
perior: now  used  only  in  addressing  a  king  or  other  sov- 
ereign, 3.  An  elderly  man;  an  aged  person;  formerly, 
a  gentleman;  an  esquire;  a  lord.    |<  >K  4  F.j  see  bib.] 

sl'ren,  1  sai'ren;  2  siren,  n.     1.  A  fabulous  sea«nympn, 

hall  woman  and  half  lunl,  thai   lunil  BBJloTS  by  BODg  I" 

destruction.    2.  Bence:  (1)  A  fascinating,  dangerous 

woman.  (2)  A  sweet  singer.  3.  A  fog-horn.  4.  Same  as 
hiuknian.  [<  L.  siren,  <  Gr.  scirin,  siren.]  sl'rcnet; 
sy 'rent.— sl'ren,  a. 

sl-re'nl-an,  1  sal-rl'ni-an;  2  sl-rC'nl-an.  n.  A  flsh-likc  aquatic 
mammal.    (<  Gr.L  sctrln.  siren.) — sl-re'nl-an,  a. 

Slr'l-us,  1  slr'i-us;  2  slr'l-us,  n.    The  dog»star. 

sir 'loin,  1  sur'loin;  2  slr'l&in,  n.  A  loin  of  beef,  especially 
the  upper  portion.     [<   F.  sur,  over;  and  see  loin.] 

sl-roc'oo,  1  si-rok'o;  2  si-r&c'o,  n.  The  simoom:  so  called 
around  the  Mediterranean.  [  <  It.  sirocco,  <  Ar. 
shar q,  cast.)  [annoyance.    [<  sir.) 

sir 'rah  ,  1  sir'a;  2  slr'a.  n.    Fellow;  sir:  used  in  contempt  or 

slr'up,  )  1  sir'trp;  2slr'up,  rt.     A  thick  sweet  liquid,  as  the 

syr'up,  J  boiled  juice  of  fruits,  sugar»cane,  etc.  [< 
Ar.B+1  shnrab,  sirup.) — slr'up-y,  syr'up-y,  a. 

sls'al,  1  sis'al  or  sI-suT;  2  sls'al  or  si-sal',  n.  The  fiber  of  sev- 
eral plants  of  Mexico.     (Mex.)    sisal  grass?;  sisal  hemp:. 

Sls'er-a,  1  sls'ar-a;  2  sis'er-a,  n.  Bib.  A  Canaanltc  chieftain 
defeated  by  the  Israelites.    Judges  Iv,  2.;  v.  20. 

sls'er-a-ry,  1  sls'ar-e-n;  2  sls'er-a-ry,  n.  1.  [Prov.  Kng.)  An 
effective  proceeding.  2t.  A  writ  of  certiorari:  a  corruption. 
sas"a-ra'raj;  sas'ser-a-ryt;  sls"er-a'raj.— with  aslser- 
ary  [Prov.],  with  a  vengeance;  like  a  thunderclap. 

sis 'kin,  1  sl8'kin;2sls'kln,  n.  A  finch  related  to  the  goldfinch, 
as  the  Kuropean  siskin,  ollvi-green  and  yellow  barred  With 
black,  or  the  -North-American  pine-flnch.     [<  Dan.  siskin. \ 

Sls-mon'di,  1  sls-mnn'dl  OT  IP.)  sis"invh"dr;  2  sls-moti'di  nr 
(/•'.)  sis"m6h"di',  Jean  Charles  Leonard  S.  de|(  177:5-1842). 
A  Swiss  tiisiorian  and  economist. 

sls'tcr,  1  sis'tar;  2  sls'ter,  n.  1.  A  female  person  having 
the  same  parents  or  parent  as  another.  2.  Hence,  a 
woman  or  girl  allied  to  another  or  others  by  some  asso- 
ciation, as  a  nun.  [<  AS  xirtosti  r,  sister.] — theThree 
or  Fatal  SlBterB,  the" Fates. — sls'ter-hood,  n.  1.  A  body 
of  sisters  united  by  some  bond  of  fellowship  or  sympathy  or 
by  a  religious  vow.  '£.  The  sisterly  relationship.— sis  'ter  An? 
law",  n.  [81stek.s-in-i.aw,  pi.]  A  sister  by  marriage.  (DA 
sister  of  one's  husband.  (2)  A  sister  of  one's  wife.  (3)  A 
brother's  wife. — sls'ter-ly,  a. 

Sls'tlne,  a.    See  under  Sixtus. 

sls'trum,  1  sls'trum;  2  sls'trum,  n.  [sih'tra  or  -trums,  pi.] 
Egypt.  Antlq.  A  musical  rattle  used  In  the  worship  of  Isls. 

Ms'j-phus,  1  8l8'i-fus;  2  sls'y-fus.  n.  Gr.  Myth.  A  king  of 
( 'orlnth.  condemned  In  Hades  to  roll  uphill  a  huge  stone  that 
always  rolled  down  again. 

sit,  1  sit;  2  sit,  r.  (hat  or  (archaically)  8atf;  hat;  sit'- 
tino.j  I.  (.  1.  To  have  or  keep  a  seat  or  a  good  seat 
upon;  as,  to  sit  a  horse.  2.  To  seat;  set:  generally  re- 
flexively;  as,  sit  thee  down.  II.  i.  1.  To  rest,  as  upon 
a  chair,  with  the  body  bent  at  the  hips,  and  the  spine 
marly  vertical;  rest  upon  the  haunches;  take  or  occupy 
a  seat.  2.  To  rest;  perch;  roost;  brood:  said  of  birds.  3. 
To  remain  in  a  seated  or  settled  position.  4.  To  assume 
an  attitude  of  readiness;  take  a  position  for  a  special 
purpose;  pose,  as  for  a  photograph.  5.  To  meet  in  as- 
sembly for  deliberation  or  business;  hold  a  session. 
Hence:  (1)  To  occupy  or  be  entitled  to  a  seat  in  a  de- 
liberative body.    (2)  To  have  or  exerciae  judicial  author- 


1:8  =  final;    I  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sino;    thin,   this. 
727      2:wQlf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


singsong 
skew 


ity.  6.  To  be  becoming;  be  suited  to  the  person;  fit; 
suit:  used  literally  and  figuratively.  7.  To  rest  or  press 
(upon),  as  a  burden  or  sorrow;  weigh  down;  be  suffered 
or  borne.  8.  Mil.  To  take  a  stationary  position,  as 
before  a  hostile  town.  9||.  To  have  or  be  in  some  posi- 
tion or  direction,  as  the  wind;  have  an  inclination  or 
disposition.  10 j|.  To  remain;  abide.  [<  AS.  sittan,  sit.] 
— sifter,  n. — sifting.  I.  pa.  1.  Being  in  the  position  of 
a  sitter.  2.  Bot.  Sessile.  II.  n.  1.  The  act  or  position  of 
one  who  sits;  hence,  a  seat;  also,  the  place  of  or  the  right  to 
a  seat,  as  in  a  church.  2.  A  single  period  of  uninterrupted 
application.    3.  A  session  or  term.    4.  An  incubation. 

site,  1  sait;  2  sit,  n.  1.  Situation;  local  position.  2.  A 
plot  of  ground  set  apart  for  some  specific  use.  [F.,  < 
L.  situs,  <  situs,  pp.  of  sino,  put.]    Syn.:  see  place. 

slth ||,  adv.,  prep.,  &  con).    Since,    sithet;  sith'encet. 

sit'u-ate,  1  sieh'u-[or  sit'yu-]et;  2  sich'u-[or  sit'yu-]at. 

I.  vt.  [-AT"EDd;  -at"ing.]  1.  To  fix  a  site  for.  2.  To 
place  in  a  certain  position  or  under  certain  conditions 
or  circumstances;  locate.  II.  a.  1.  Having  a  fixed 
place  or  a  relative  position;  situated.  2||.  Residing; 
dwelling.  [  <  LL.  situo,  place,  <  L.  situs,  site.] — 
slt"u-a'tion,  n.  1.  The  place  in  which  something  is  situ- 
ated; locality.  3.  Condition;  status.  3.  A  post  of  employ- 
ment. 4.  A  combination  of  circumstances;  complication; 
crisis.    Syn.:  see  circumstance;  place;  scene. 

sitz,  1  sits;  2  sits,  n.    A  sitting;  as,  a  sitz  bath.    [G.] 
Si'va,  1  sl'va;  2  si'va,  n.   Hind.  Myth.  The  deity  as  the  trans- 
former of   forces,  forming  with    Brahma   and  Vishnu  the 
Hindu  trinity.    Shlv'af. — Si'va-isni,  n. — SI"va-Is'tic,  o. 
six,  1  siks;  2  siks.    I.  a.    Consisting  of  one  more  than  five. 

II.  n.  1.  The  sum  of  five  and  one.  2.  The  symbols  6  or 
VI.  [<  AS.  six,  six] — six 'fold",  adv. — six'pence,  n. 
A  British  silver  coin  of  the  value  of  six  English  pennies,  or 
about  12  cents;  the  half  of  a  shilling. — six 'pen"ny,  a. — 
six 'teen".  I.  a.  Consisting  of  six  more  than  ten.  II.  n. 
1.  The  sum  of  ten  and  six.  2.  The  symbols  16  or  XVI. — 
slx'teenth",  a.  &  n.— sixth.  I.  a.  1.  Next  in  order  after 
the  fifth.  2.  Being  one  of  six  equal  parts.  II.  n.  1.  One 
of  six  equal  parts.  2.  Mus.  The  interval  between  any  note 
and  the  sixth  note  above  or  below  it  on  the  diatonic  scale. 
— sixth 'ly,  adv. — six'ty.  I.  a.  Consisting  of  ten  more 
than  fifty.  II.  n.  The  sum  of  ten  and  fifty;  also,  the  sym- 
bols representing  it,  as  60  or  LX. — slx'ti-eth,  a.  &  n. 

Six 't  us,  1  siks'tus;  2  siks'tus,  n.  One  of  five  popes,  especially 
Sixtus  V.  (1521-1590),  Felice  Pereth,  who  supported  the 
Spanish  Armada. — Sis 'tine,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  pope 
of  this  name,  as  the  Sistine  Chapel,  at  the  Vatican,  built 
by  Sixtus  IV. 

siz'a-bl(ep,  1  saiz'a-bl;  2  siz'a-bl,  a.  Of  comparatively 
large  or  convenient  size.  size'a-blej.  —  siz'a-bl(e- 
ness>%  n.— siz'a-bly,  adv. 

siz'ar,  1  saiz'ar;  2  slz'ar,  n.  At  Cambridge  University, 
England,  and  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  a  student  allowed 
free  commons,  etc. ;  formerly  required  to  perform  menial 
services,    sis'arj;  siz'ert. — siz'ar-ship,  n. 

size1,  1  saiz;  2  siz.  I.  vt.  [sized;  siz'ino.]  1.  To  gage  the 
size  of.  2.  To  distribute  or  classify  according  to  size. 
3.  To  assize;  rate;  appraise.  4.  Mech.  To  cut  or  other- 
wise shape  (an  article)  to  the  required  size.  II.  n.  1. 
Measurement  or  extent  of  a  tiling  as  compared  with 
some  standard;  comparative  magnitude  or  bulk.  2. 
One  in  a  series  of  graded  measures.  3.  A  standard  of 
measurement;  specified  quantity.  [<  F.  assise,  mea- 
sure, allowance.)    Syn.:  see  magnitude. — sized,  a. 

size2,  l.vt.  [sized;  siz'ing.]  1.  To  treat  with  size  or  any 
BUSe>like  substance.    2.  To  make  plastic,  as  clay.    II.  n. 

1.  A  solution  of  gelatinous  material,  used  to  glaze  a  sur- 
face, as  of  paper  2.  A  viscous  preparation  used  as  in  fixing 
gilding.    siz'ing|.    [  <  Old  It.  visa,  glue.]— siz'y,  a. 

sizz,  1  siz;  2  siz,  vi,    [Imit.]    To  make  a  hissing  sound. 

slz'zle,  1  slz'l;  2  siz'l.  l.vt.&vi.  [SIZ'ZLED;  BIZ'ZLINQ.]  [Prov.] 
To  burn  or  scorch  with  or  as  with  a  hissing  sound;  emit  a 
hissing  sound  under  the  action  of  heat.  II.  n.  [Oolloq.  or 
Prov.]    1.  A  hissing  sound  as  from  frying  or  effervescence. 

2.  Excessively  high  temperature.    [Freq.  of  sizz.) 

S.    I.,  abbr.     Society  of  Jesus. — S.  i.  C.,  abbr.     Supreme 

Judicial  Court. 
skaf  'lioldt,  n.    Same  as  scaffold. 
Skag'er-rack",  1  skag'ar-rak";  2  skag'cr-rak",  n.    An  arm  of 

the  North  Sea  between  Denmark  and  Norway;   150  m.  long. 
skald,  n.    Same  as  scald2. 
skate,  lskct;  2  skat,  hi.  [hkat'ei/'jhkat'ing:.]  Tomoveover 

ice  or  other  smooth  surface, 

as  on  skates. — skat'er,  n. 
Skate1,  n.      A   flat-bodied  fish 

having  a  pointed  snout.    [  <  Skate 

Ice.  skala.  skate] 
skate2,  n.     A  contrivance  for  the  foot,  consisting  usually 

of  a  keeMike  runner  attached  to  a  plate  or  frame,  with 


suitable  clamps  or  straps  for  fastening  it  to  the  sole  of  a 
boot  or  shoe,  or  a  similar  contrivance  with  rollers  in- 
stead of  a  runner,  enabling  one  to  glide  rapidly  over  ice 
or  other  smooth  surface.      [  <  D.  schaats,  skates.] 

Skean,  1  skin;  2  sken,  n.  An  early  Irish  double*edged  dagger 
or  short  sword.    [<  Ir.  sgian,  knife.]    skeenj. 

Skeat,  1  skit;  2  sket,  Walter  William  (1835-1912).  An 
English  churchman,  lexicographer,  and  philologist. 

ske-dad 'die,  1  ski-dad'l;  2  ske-dad'l.  v.  I.  I.  [Prov.  Brit.] 
To  scatter;  spill.  II.  i.  [Slang.]  To  flee  in  haste;  run  away; 
scamper:  of  American  origin. — ske-dad 'die,  n. 

skee,  v.  &  n.    Same  as  ski. 

skein,  1  sken;  2  sken,  n.  1.  A  fixed  quantity  of  yarn, 
thread,  silk,  wool,  etc.,  wound  to  a  certain  length  and 
then  doubled  and  knotted.  2.  A  shaved  osier.  3.  A 
company  or  flock,  as  of  wild  fowl  that  fly  in  line.  4.  A 
tapering  metal  sleeve  which  surrounds  a  wooden  axle= 
spindle  and  protects  it.    [  <  Ir.  sgainne,  <  sgain,  rend.] 

skel'e-ton,  1  skel'i-tan;  2  skel'e-ton.  I.  a.  Consisting 
merely  of  a  framework  or  outline;  attenuated.     II.  n. 

1.  The  framework  of  an  animal  body,  composed  of  bone 
and  cartilage.  2.  Any  open  framework.  3.  A  mere 
sketch  or  outline.  [  <  Gr.  skeleton,  dried  body.] 
Syn.:  see  sketch. — skel'e-tal,  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or 
forming  a  skeleton. 

skelp,  1  skelp;  2  skelp.  [Prov.  Brit.]  I.  vt.  1.  To  kick  severely. 

2.  To  slap  with  the  hand;  spank.  II.  n.  A  glancing  blow, 
especially  with  the  open  hand;  slap. 

skep,  1  skep;  2  skep,  n.  [Prov.  Brit.]  1.  A  beehive,  especially 
one  made  of  straw.  2.  A  receptacle  of  wickerwork  or  wood, 
especially  for  grain;  a  basket. 

skep'tlc, )  1  skep'tik;  2  skep'tic,  n.    1.  One  who  questions 

seep 'tic,  )  the  fundamental  doctrines  of  religion,  espe- 
cially of  the  Christian  religion.  2.  One  who  refuses 
concurrence  in  generally  accepted  conclusions  in  science, 
philosophy,  etc.  3.  One  who  doubts  any  particular  state- 
ment. [<  Gr.  skeptikos,  reflective, <  skeptomai,  consider.] 
Syn.:  agnostic,  atheist,  deist,  disbeliever,  freethinker,  in- 
fidel, unbeliever.  The  skeptic  doubts  divine  revelation;  the 
disbeliever  and  the  unbeliever  reject  it,  the  disbeliever  with 
more  of  intellectual  dissent,  the  unbeliever  (in  the  common 
acceptation)  with  indifference  or  with  opposition  of  heart  as 
well  as  of  intellect.  Infidel  is  an  opprobrious  term  that 
once  might  almost  have  been  said  to  be  geographical  in  its 
range.  The  crusaders  called  all  Mohammedans  infidels,  and 
were  so  called  by  them  in  return ;  the  word  is  commonly  ap- 
plied to  any  decided  opponent  of  an  accepted  religion.  The 
atheist  denies  that  there  is  a  God;  the  deist  admits  the  exis- 
tence of  God,  but  denies  that  the  Christian  Scriptures  are  a 
revelation  from  him;  the  agnostic  denies  either  that  we  do 
know  or  that  we  can  know  whether  there  is  a  God. — Ant.: 
believer,  Christian. — skep'ti-cal,  scep'tl-cal,  a.  skep'- 
tlct;  scep'tict.— skep'[or  soep']ti-cal-ly,  add.— skep '[or 
scep']tl-cism,  n.     Syn.:  see  doubt. 

sker'ry,  1  skei^i;  2  sker'y,  n.  [sker'ries,  1  -iz;  2  -is.  Pi-]  [Scot.] 
An  Insulated  rock  or  reef.    [  <  Ice.  skcr,  reef.] 

sketch, )  1  skecli ;  2  skech.     I'.  vt.  &  vi.    To  make  a  sketch 

skech1',  )  of;  make  a  sketch  or  sketches.  II.  n.  I.  An 
incomplete  but  suggestive  delineation  or  presentation 
of  anything,  whether  graphic  or  literary;  outline.  2. 
An  artist's  preliminary  study,  graphic  or  plastic,  of  a 
work  of  art  intended  for  elaboration.  3.  A  literary  or 
dramatic  composition,  short  and  of  slight  construction. 
[<  L.R+D  schedium,  <  schedius,  made  suddenly.] 

Syn.:  brief,  delineation,  draft,  drawing,  outline,  picture, 
plan,  skeleton.  An  outline  gives  only  the  bounding  or  de- 
termining lines  of  a  figure  or  a  scene;  a  sketch  may  give  not 
only  lines,  but  shading  and  color,  but  Is  hasty  and  Incom- 
plete. The  lines  of  a  sketch  are  seldom  so  full  and  continuous 
as  those  of  an  outline.  Draft  and  plan  apply  especially  In 
mechanical  drawing,  of  which  outline,  sketch,  and  drawing 
are  also  used;  a  plan  is  strictly  a  view  from  above,  as  of  a 
building  or  machine,  giving  the  lines  of  a  horizontal  sec- 
tion, originally  at  the  level  of  the  ground,  now  In  a  wider 
sense  at  any  height;  as,  a  plan  of  the  cellar;  a  plan  of  the 
attic.  A  design  Is  such  a  preliminary  sketch  as  Indicates  the 
object  to  be  accomplished  or  the  result,  to  be  attained,  and  Is 
understood  to  be  original.  One  may  make  a  drawing  of  any 
well=known  mechanism,  or  a  drawing  from  another  man's 
design:  but  If  he  says  "the  design  Is  mine,"  he  claims  It  as 
his  own  Invention  or  composition.  In  written  composition 
an  outline  gives  simply  file  main  divisions,  and  Is  often 
called  a  skildnn:  a  somewhat,  fuller  suggestion  of  Illustra- 
tion, treatment,  and  style  is  given  In  :i  sketch.  A  lawyer's 
brief  is  a  succinct  Statement  of  the  main  facts  Involved  In 
a  case,  and  of  the  main  heads  of  Ills  argument  on  points 
of  law,  with  references  t.o  authorities.  Sec  picture;  desion. 
sketch '*hook",  n.  A  blank  book  used  for  Sketching; 
hence,  a  printed  volume  of  literary  Sketches,  sketch 'er,  n. 
— sketch 'l-ly,  adv.  sketch 'l-iicss,  n.  sketch'}-,  a. 
Like  a  sketch;  rough;  unfinished. 

skew,  1  akiu;  2  sku.    I.  vt.  &  vi.    1.  To  put  askew;  move 


-k.  R  ■  i 


o  .         ,  I  i  ■  ,,<    ftr;   full.  rOli-:    but.  hum; 

ii.  i.i  |,  .•  iii  i  0       •'      •>'.  WOO,         TiS 

•  ■  ■  .i  i    i_i 


II 

■ 

•  li'tnrllt* 

III        I 

t.    i  \  Rianting 

:  ■ 

»      halil".  ill\  « hen 

irk 

I.  ■  um  through  or 

II.         \ 

•  to  lew  p  n  in 

I .  i 


11       Vk   / 

jll  ski      » 'ompare  lllus.  under 

F<V              >N'«-ii..k  i 

1-'    ft      1-nit    by      >3g^  J 


Ly-y^fy^ 


«*;&&8> 


•    *fc»«ta(  po*Ht<«  of  Ih*  f     ' 

•  tched  t.i  the  fool  alter  the  manner  of 
sliding  over  snow  or  ioe.  (Dan    sld'- 

ilur    . 
-kl'a-Kraph.  '.  •      ^permanent 

,1   by    Roentgen   rays  passing 
I  falling  upon  a  sensitive  photo- 

1 1 
■.'.  rite  ]    ra'di- 

.ph "  ■ ;      >i  la-graph    :      -had 'ow-graph":;     -ki' 

nlTa  giamli   ftkolo  giaph"t.    -ki-ag'ra-pii>,   n.     I. 

'  finding  the  time  Ol  day  or  night  by  0D- 

-  in. ..in.    •».  Art.  The  art  "f 

eorr>  -kl-og  'ra-pli)  :. 

ikiaa-eewae.    ;  'P,  n.     See  rujOBO- 

skld.  I  I-  |>Kii>'i)KDd;  skid'dim;  ] 

;t.  drug,  or  haul  on  skids;  break 

isk  with  a  skul;  also,  to  slide  instead  of  re- 

.ng,  as  a  locked  wheel.     II.  n.     1.  One  (if  a  pair  of 

umbers  to  support  a  heavy  tilting  or  rolling  object      2. 

.S'ai.'  -  side.     3.  A  shoe  or  drag 

wagon*wheeL    [  <  foe.  ikidh,  small  stick  of  wood] 

skiff..  ^  light  rowboat;  formerly,  a  small 

[<OF.<    ,  •  /.  <  MHG.  akif, .-hip  ] 

-kllful,    1    skll'ful:   2   skll'ful.   a.      1.    Having   skill;    clever: 
:  1     skill'.",:!:. 

Syn.:  adept,  adroit,  apt.  deft,  dexterous,  expert,  handy, 
hap;  :    trained.    One  Is  adept  In  that  fur 

which  he  has  a  natural  gift,  unproved  by  practise;  be  Is 
expert  In  that  of  which  tr  -  ind  study  have 

.  him  a  thorough  mat  itcrovi  in  that  which 

be  can  do  effectively  with  or  without  training,  especially  In 
work  of  the  hand  or  bodily  activities.  In  the  case  Of  the 
noun,  "an  expert"  denotes  one  who  Is  . xperienced  In  the 
fullest  sense,  a  master  of  his  branch  of  knowledge. 
workman  Is  one  who  has  thoroughly  learned  his  tra  le. 
tho  he  may  be  naturally  quite  dull:  a  skilful  workman 
has  some  natural  brightness,  ability,  and  power  of  adapta- 
tion. In  addition  to  his  acquired  knowledge  and  dexterity. 
a;  BAPPT.  Compare  PF.XTKHITY. —  Ant.: 
awkward,  bulky,  clumsy,  helpless,  inexpert,  maladroit,  un- 
handy, unskilled,  untaught,  untrained. — Prec:  at  or  in. 

-kll    ful-l>,  0  /•         skll'ful-llc-s,  «. 

-Will   ,  1  skll;  2  skll.  rf.    1.  To  have  comprehension  or  discern- 
■    with  of  or  on.    2.  To  signify;  matter:  impersonal  and 

: 

-kil  I  .  .  .       ;  mniliT  knowledge  of  any 

-   handicraft,  with  practical  efficiency. 
[<   Ice.  it.  Syn_-  see  ahii.ity:   DEXTKHITt; 

-Kill'--,        ikUI'«Ieaat- 

-killi'l.  og  or  requiring  skill; 

>klld  .  ient.    Syn.:  see  -k ii.f i  i. 

skillet,  1  -kiret:2.-kliv-t,  r».    Asmall  pan, or 

frying«pan.      [  <    L.or    nculella,    < 

scutra.  dish.) 
skin),  1  skim;   2  skim,  t      Skimmed, 

SKIMP*;    BKlM'MI.Vr;  ]         I.  t         1.1 

remove   floating   matter   from    the 

surface  of,  as  with  a  spoon  or  ladle. 

2.  To  remove  from  the  surface  of  a 

liquid,  as  with  a  spoon.    3.  To  move 

lightly  close  to,  er  the 

surface  of:  hence,  to  read  or  glance 

over  rapidly  and  superficially.      4. 

To    cause     to     pass    swiftly    and 

lightly  over  a  surface  with  or  without  touching      II. 

ft.     1.  To  move  lightly  and  swiftly  over  a  surface  or 

along  a  line;  move  with  an  even,  level  motion.    2.  To 


Skillet. 


run  over  anything  with  the  eye  or  In  the  mind,  hastily 
and  superficial!)       :».    [\o  put   on  ■  Brushing  w 

i   iraci  m,  i  |     skimmer,  n      I.   \  Rat  ladli 

nr  other   utensil   fur  ■fclmmlng       •'.   i who  or  that  Which 

i     \  iirii-iikc  bird  bavins  tho  lower  mandible  com 
od,  that  skims  up  small  fishes  from  near  tho  sui 

the  water       skim  '  milk".  \       Mill,    from  which  the  'Mam 

has  been  removed      aklm'mlng,   n     i.   The  aoi  of  one 
«hu  or  iikkt  which  skims    I.  Thai  which  is  skimmed  off 
skimp,  l  skimp;  *  skimp,       d  I  olloq  1    1'.. 

ily ;  dole  oui  n ork     [Foi 

iklmp'lng,  -kimp> ,  a 

skill.  1  -km.  2 -kin       I.     •    A  i-hiNMh,  8KINO*; 

hino.]    1.  To  strip  the  skin  from;  flaj      '.'.   I   >  oo\  ei  <>i 

become  covered  with  -km     II.  n     I.  The  m  imbranous 

oal  inveetmenl  of  on  animal;  the  integumi  nl     2. 

sp. •citically,  the  pelt  of  a  small  animal,  removed  from 
it  -  body,  whether  ran  oi  dressed,  as  distinguished  from 

the  AtoV  "I  a  larg.-  animal     8,  A  vessel  foi  holding  Liquids 

n Hide  of   the  skin  of  an  animal ,  a-,  a  wine*   ifctfl        4.  An 

outside  layer,  coat,  or  covering  resembling  -kin.    5. 
Naml.  iii  The  outer  layer  of  a  furled  sail.    (2)  Planking 

or  plating  ol  a  vessel     (i.  A  memliraiie  resembling  the 

integument.       |  <    AS.    eetnn,     <     Ice.    sktun,    skin.]  — 
sklu'ideep",  a.  fc  mil.     Siiperllcial;  superficially,      skln'- 

niiii",  n.    a  miser,    skinless,  n.     Destitute  of  skin 
-kln'iier,  n.     skln'ny,  <>      [smn'm-kr;  BKIN'NI-XBT.]     I. 
Consisting  of  or  like  skin    ».  Wanting  flesh;  lean.    Synjsee 
UKAOKB      skln'nl-ly,  </./'       -kin 'nl-ne--,  n 

ski  ilk,  1  skliik;  2  sklijk.n.  A  variety  of  lizard  with  short  limbs 
and  a  conical  tall.    [<  Cir.'- xkinku  ,  a  kind  Of  lizard.] 

skip,  1  skip;  2  skip,  i  [SKIPPED';  smc'cino]  I.  f ,  1.  To 
pass  over  or  by  without  notice;  omit.  'i.  To  jump 
lightly  over,  as  a  rope.  3.  To  cause  to  leap  successn  e|y 
or  bound,  as  a  stone  on  water  II.  i.  I.  To  move  with 
hopping  steps;  leap  lightly;  frisk;  caper.  '£.  Topass  by 
parts  or  passages  without  notice.  [Prob.  <  Ir  sgioo, 
snatch.)   Syn. :see  u iap.  Iwlthout  notice 

skip,  n.      I.  A  light  bound  or  spring.      2.  A  passing  over 

skip 'Jack",  1  sklp'Jak";  2  sklp'Jak".  n.  One  of  various  fishes 
that  skip  along  the  surface  of  the  water,  as  the  Skipper. 

skip 'per1,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which  skips.  2.  A  fish 
having  a  long  slim  beak.  sau'r>+.  3.  A  species  oi  bufr 
terfiy:  so  named  from  its  flight.    4.  A  cheescmaggot. 

skip 'per2,  n.  The  master  of  asmall  trading»vess<l;  hence, 
one  in  charge  of  any  craft.     [  <  D.  schipper,  sailor.) 

skir'mish,  1  skOr'inish;  2  sklr'mish.  I'.  n'.  To  fight  in 
a  preliminary  or  desultory  way:  used  also  figuratively 
II.  it.  1.  A  light  engagement,  as  between  small  parties; 
desultory  fighting  between  two  armies  on  a  skirmish- 
line.  2.  Figuratively,  any  light  movement  or  operation 
evasive  of  the  main  contention  or  business.  [  <  P. 
>  nuche,  fight.)    Syn.:  see  battle.— sklr'nilsh-er,  n. 

skirt1,  1  skOrt;  2  skirt,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  lie  or  move  along 
the  edge  of;  border.  2.  To  cover  or  furnish  with  a  skirt. 
II.  i.     To  be  on  or  move  along  an  edge  or  border. 

skirt,  n.  1.  That  part  of  a  coat,  dress,  or  other  garment 
that  hangs  from  or  below  the  waist;  a  petticoat.  2.  A 
loose  hanging  part  of  various  things,  as  of  a  saddle.  3. 
That  which  lies  on  or  along  the  outer  edge;  margin;  bor- 
der.   (<  Ice.  skyrta.  shirt.)    Syn.:  see  IIAbgin. — skirt  'er,  n. 

skit,  1  skit;  2  skit,  n.  1.  A  short  literary  article,  usually 
satirical.  2.  A  bantering  jest.  [Ice.skuti,  <  rootof  shoot.] 

skit'tish,  1  skit'ish;  2  sklt'ish,  a.  1.  Easily  frightened; 
timid.  2.  Capricious;  uncertain.  [  <  Sw.  sktUta,  leap.] 
Syn.:  see  RBBTTVE.      skit  'tlsh-ly,  adv.— skit  'tlsh-ness,  n. 

skit 'tic,  1  skit'l;  2  skit'l,  n.  1.  pi.  A  game  of  ninepins, 
in  which  a  flattened  ball  or  thick  rounded  disk  is  throu  n 
to  knock  down  the  pins.  2.  One  of  the  pins  used  in  the 
game,    sklt'tlespin".    [For  shuttle.] 

ski\e,  1  skaiv;  2  skiv,  if.  [skived;  skiv'ino.]  To  shave 
or  pare  the  surface  of,  as  of  leather;  also,  to  grind  off,  as 
the  surface  of  a  gem.    [  <  Ice.  ski/a,  a  slice.]  —  skiv'er,  n. 

1.  Leather  split  with  a  knife:  used  for  bookbinding.    2.  One 
who  skives;  also,  a  knife  or  machine  used  In  skiving. 

Skr.,  Skt.,  ahbr.    Sanskrit. 

sku'a,  1  skid's;  2  skfj'a,  n.    A  Jaeger.    [Norw.]    sku'l:. 

skulk-,  1  skulk;  2  skulk,  vi.  To  move  about  a  place  fur- 
tively or  slyly;  lie  close  or  keep  hidden;  lurk.  [  <  Dan. 
skulke.  skulk.)     sculkj.—  skulk'er,  n.    skulk:. 

skull1,  )  1  skul;  2  skul,  n.     The  framework  of  the  head 

skul1',  i  of  a  vertebrate  animal.     [<  Ice.  skdl.]     scull t. 

iknll1,  n.    A  sculllng'oar;  scull. 

skull 'cap",  1  skul'kap";  2  skul'cap",  n.    1.  The  sinciput. 

2.  A  plant  of  wet  shady  places,  with  large  blue  flowers. 
skull'=cap",  7t.    A  cap  closely  fitting  the  skull. 
skunk,  1  skurjk;  2  skurjk,  n.     An  American  nocturnal, 

burrowing  carnivore,  with  a  bushy  tail  and  large  anal 
glands  that  secrete  a  liquid  of  very  offensive  odor,  which 


l:a  =  final;    i  =  hablt;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    iu  =  feud;    chin;    go;    o  =  sinff;    Chin,   this. 
729        2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this. 


skewer 
slave 


Skylark. 


can  be  ejected  at  will.  [  <  Am.  Ind.  seganka.] — 
skunk '=cab"bage,  n.  A  stemless  perennial  herb  of  the 
United  States:  so  called  from  its  strong  odor,  skunk's'* 
cab"bagei;  skunk 'weed"};  swamp'scab"baget- 

Sku'ta-ri,  1  sku'ta-ri;  2  sku'tii-ri,  n.  1.  A  city  In  Albania; 
pop.  32,000;  capitulated  to  Montenegro,  1913.  2.  A  town 
In  Asiatic  Turkey;  a  suburb  of  Constantinople;  pop.  82,000. 

sky,  1  skai;  2  sky,  ra.  [skies2,  pi.]  1.  The  blue  vault,  or  a 
part  of  it,  that  seems  to  bend  over  the  earth;  the  firma- 
ment. 2.  The  upper  atmosphere;  the  region  of  the 
clouds.  3.  The  celestial  re- 
gions; heaven.  4.  A  climate: 
usually  in  the  plural.  [  <  Ice. 
sky,  cloud.)  —  sky'ey,  a.  — 
sky'ish,  a. — sky'lark",  n.  A 
lark  that  mounts  singing  tow- 
ard the  sky. — sky'lark"ing, 
n.  Boisterous  frolicking.  — 
sky'lark",  vi. — sky 'light",  n. 
A  window  facing  skyward.  — 
sky'=rock"et,  n.  A  rocket  used  for  display  and  discharged 
skyward. — sky 'sail",  n.  A  light  sail  above  the  royal  in  a 
square=rigged  vessel. — sky 'scrap"er,  n.  Anything  that  ex- 
tends high  into  the  air,  as  a  tall  building. — sky 'ward,  adv. 
Toward  the  sky.    sky 'wards}. — sky 'ward,  a. 

Skye1,  1  skai;  2  sky,  n.  One  of  a  breed  of  Scottish  rough* 
haired  terriers  with  long  body  and  short  legs. 

Skye2,  n.   One  of  the  Hebrides  islands;  670  sq.  m. ;  pop.  12,700. 

S.  L.,  abbr.  Sergeant  at  Law,  Solicitor  at  Law. — S.  1.,  S.  lal ., 
abbr.    South  latitude. 

slab1,  1  slab;  2  slab,  n.  1.  The  outside  cut  made  from  a 
log  in  sawing  it  into  boards,  planks,  etc.,  often  bearing 
the  bark  on  one  side.  2.  A  flat  plate,  piece,  or  mass,  as 
of  metal,  stone,  etc.     [  <  Norw.  sleip,  slippery.] 

slab2,  n.    Slime;  viscous  mud;  mire. — slab,  a. 

slab'ber,  1  slab'ar;  2  slab'er,  vt.  &  vi.  To  wet  with  saliva; 
drip  from  the  mouth;  spill,  as  liquid  food,  in  eating. 
[  <  MD.  slabberen,  freq.  of  slabben,  slaver.]    slob  'her  J. 

slab'by,  1  slab'i;  2  slab'y,  a.     [slab'bi-er;  slab'bi-est.] 

I.  Thick;  viscous.    2.  Sloppy;  wet.    [  <  slab,  n.\ 
slack',       )  1  slak,  slak'n;  2  slak,  slak'n,  v.     I.  t.     1.  To 
slack 'en, )  make  slack;  loosen;  relax;  retard.    2.  To  slake, 

as  lime.     3[|.  To  be  negligent  of  or  remiss  in,  as  duty. 

II.  i.  1.  To  become  less  tense  or  tight;  abate.  2.  To 
become  remiss  or  negligent.    3.  To  slake.    Syn.:  see  relax. 

slack,  a.  1.  Hanging  or  extended  loosely.  2.  Loose  or 
careless  in  performance.  3.  Lacking  activity;  listless. 
4.  Flowing  sluggishly,  as  water  between  the  ebb  and 
flow  of  the  tide.  [<  AS.  slxc,  slack.]  Syn.:  see  slow. — 
slack,  adv.  slack ' I >  t - — slack'er,  n.  One  who  shirks  his 
duties;  specif.,  one  who  seeks  to  avoid  enlistment  in  the 
military  service.— slack 'ness,  n.    Syn.:  see  neglect. 

slack1,  n.  The  part  of  anything,  as  a  rope,  that  is  slack  or 
loose;  also,  a  slack  condition;  looseness. 

slack2,  n.  Small  coal;  screenings.     [<G.  schlacke,  slack.] 

slag,  1  slag;  2  slag,  re.  1.  Metallic  dross  separated  in  the 
reduction  of  ores.     2.  Volcanic  scoria.     [  <  Sw.  slagg.] 

slake,  1  slek;  2  slak,  v.  [slaked1;  slak'ing.]  1. 1.  1.  To 
render  inoperative  or  harmless,  especially  by  satisfying, 
as  an  appetite  or  a  passion;  quench;  appease.  2.  To 
mix  with  water  or  with  moist  air,  so  that  a  chemical 
combination  shall  ensue;  as,  to  slake  lime.  3.  To  make 
slack.  II.  i.  To  become  disintegrated  by  combining  with 
water:  said  of  lime.    [  <  AS.  sleacian,  <  slsec,  slack.] 

slam,  1  slam;  2  slam.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [slammed,  slamd8; 
slam'ming.]  To  pull  or  push  to,  or  strike  against  some- 
thing, with  violence;  bang:  sometimes  with  to.  II.  n. 
A  closing  or  striking  with  a  bang.  [  <  Sw.  slamma, 
slam.) 

slan'der,  1  slan'dar;  2  slan'der.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  injure 
by  maliciously  uttering  a  false  report;  defame;  calum- 
niate. 2.  To  bring  discredit  upon;  disgrace.  3.  To 
utter  slander.  II.  n.  1.  A  false  tale  or  report,  or  such 
tales  or  reports  collectively,  uttered  with  malice  and 
designed  or  tending  to  injure  the  reputation  of  another; 
also,  the  utterance  of  such  tales  or  reports;  defamation, 
Written  slander  is  libel.  2f.  Reproach;  disgrace.  31". 
An  offense;  a  stumbling'bloek.  4f.  Ill  fame;  ill  repute. 
[<  Gr.LI-+0,p  skandalon,  snare.]  Syn.:  (verb)  see  amuse;  as- 
perse; revile;  (noun)  see  scandal.— slan'dor-cr,  re.— 
slan'der-ous,  a.  1.  Uttering  slander;  guilty  of  slander.  2. 
Containing  slander;  calumnious. — slan'der-ous-ly,  adv. 
-ncss,  7i. 

slang,  1  slan;  2  slang,  n.  1.  Inelegant  and  unauthorized 
popular  language;  grotesque  usage  of  legitimate  .speech 
See  synonyms  below.  2.  The  cant  or  Jargon  peculiar  to 
thieves  and  vagrants;  thieves'  cunt:  the  original  sense. 
[<  sling,  v.]  Syn.:  cant,  colloquialism,  vulgarism,  vul- 
gurlty.  A  coUOQUtaHtm  is  an  expression  not  coarse  or  low, 
and  perhaps  not  Incorrect,  but  below  the  literary  grade; 
24 


educated  persons  are  apt  to  allow  themselves  some  colloqui- 
alisms in  familiar  conversation,  which  they  would  avoid  In 
writing  or  public  speaking.  Slang,  in  the  primary  sense,  de- 
notes expressions  that  are  either  coarse  and  rude  in  them- 
selves or  chiefly  current  among  the  coarser  and  ruder  part  of 
the  community;  there  are  also  many  expressions  current  In 
special  senses  in  certain  communities  that  may  be  character- 
ized as  slang;  as,  college  slang;  club  slang;  racing  slang.  In 
the  evolution  of  language  many  words  originally  slang  are 
adopted  by  good  writers  and  speakers,  and  ultimately  take 
their  place  as  accepted  English.  A  vulgarism  is  an  expression 
decidedly  Incorrect,  the  use  of  which  is  a  mark  of  ignorance 
or  low  breeding.  Cant  denotes  technical  or  professional 
phraseology,  or  the  barbarous  jargon  used  as  a  secret  lan- 
guage by  thieves,  tramps,  etc.  Compare  language. 
— slang'y,  a.— slang'I-ly,  adv.— slang'i-ness,  n. 

slank,  imp.  of  slink,  v. 

slant,  1  slant;  2  slant.  Id.  vt.  &  vi.  To  give  an  oblique  or 
sloping  direction  to;  turn  from  a  direct  line;  incline; 
lean.  II.  a.  Lying  at  an  angle;  oblique;  sloping.  III. 
n.  1.  A  slanting  direction,  course,  or  plane;  inclination 
from  a  direct  line  or  level;  slope:  also  figuratively.  2. 
An  oblique  reflection;  a  sarcastic  remark.  [<  Sw. 
slanta,  slant.]  Syn.:  see  tip. — slant'ing,  pa. — slant  '(ug- 
ly, adv.    slant  'l>    ;;  slant'wlse}.— slant 'ing-ness,  n. 

slap,  1  slap;  2  slap.  I.  vt.  [slapped1,  slapt8;  slap'ping.] 
To  deal  a  slap  to  or  with.  II.  n.  A  blow  delivered  with 
the  open  hand  or  with  something  flat.  III.  adv.  [Colloq.j 
Suddenly  and  forcibly;  abruptly;  plump.  [  <  LG.  slapp, 
<  slappen,  slap.]— slap'»dash".  I.  a.  [Colloq.]  Done  or 
acting  In  a  dashing  or  reckless  way;  impetuous;  careless. 
II.  n.  1.  [Colloq.]  Offhand  or  careless  work,  or  thoughtless 
conduct.  2.  Roughcasting,  or  rough  plastering.  III.  adv. 
In  a  dashing  or  heedless  manner.— slap'jack",  n.  1.  [U. 
S.)  A  griddle«cake;  flapjack.    2.  A  children's  game  of  cards. 

slash',  1  slash;  2  slash,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  cut  with  a  long 
sweeping  stroke  or  strokes;  slit;  gash.  2.  To  make  long 
cuts,  slits,  or  gashes  in;  slit;  gash.  3.  To  slit,  as  a  gar- 
ment, so  as  to  expose  showy  material  or  lining.  4.  To 
strike  with  long  sweeping  or  cutting  blows,  as  of  a  whip; 
lash.  II.  i.  1.  To  strike  violently  and  recklessly  with  a 
cutting  instrument,  or  with  a  whip.  2.  To  dash;  rush. 
[<  OF.  esclescher,  sever,  =  esclicer;  see  slice,  n.J — slash '- 
er,  n. — slash 'lug,  a.    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

slash,  n.  The  act  or  result  of  slashing;  a  sweeping  random 
cut  or  stroke,  as  with  a  cutting-weapon  or  whip;  a  slit  or 
gash;  specifically,  an  ornamental  slit  or  cut  in  a  garment. 

slat,  1  slat;  2  slat,  vt.  &  vl.  [slat'ted<i;  slat'ting.J  To  throw 
violently  or  with  a  jerk;  fling  carelessly;  slap;  beat;  bang; 
flap.    [  <  Ice.  slelta,  slap,  <  V  of  slay.) 

slat,  1  slat;  2  slat,  n.  A  thin,  flat,  narrow  strip,  as  of 
wood.    [  <  OF.  esclat,  splinter,  chip.] 

slate1,  1  slet;  2  slat,  vt.  [slat'ed1*;  slat'ing.]  1.  To  roof 
with  slate.  2.  To  put  on  a  political  slate.  3.  To  remove 
hair  from,  as  hides,  with  a  slater.  —  slat  'er,  n.  One  who 
slates  roofs;  a  slate-edged  tool  for  removing  hair  from  hides. 
—slat'ing,  n.  1.  The  act  or  occupation  of  laying  slates.  2. 
Slates  collectively  3.  A  liquid  for  giving  a  slate*like  surface 
to  blackboards,  etc. — slat'y,  a.    Composed  of  or  like  slate. 

slate2,  vt.  [slat'edi,  slat'ing.)  1.  [Colloq.,  Brit.]  To  cen- 
sure, criticize,  or  review  severely;  berate.  2.  [Prov.  Eng.) 
To  bait;  do  violence  to.    [<  AS.  slltan,  rend.)    slat;. 

slate,  n.  1.  Any  kind  of  rock  that  splits  readily  into 
thin  and  even  laminae;  specifically,  an  argillaceous  line- 
grained  rock  that  so  splits;  also,  an  artificial  material 
made  in  imitation  of  it.  2.  A  piece,  slab,  or  plate  of 
slate,  as  for  roofing,  writing  upon,  etc.  3.  V.  8.  /'"lit. 
A  list  of  candidates,  made  up  beforehand  as  for  nomina- 
tion; any  prearranged  list.     [<  OF.  esclat;  see  slat,  ".| 

slat'tern,  1  slat'arn;  2  slat'ern,  n.  A  negligent  or  untidy 
woman. — slat'tern,  a. — slat'tern-11-uess,  n. — Slat'- 
tern-ly,  a.  &  adv. 

slaugh'ter, )  1  sle'tar;2sla'ter.    l.rt.    1.  To  kill  wanton- 

slau'ler1',  J  ly  or  savagely,  especially  in  large  numbers. 
2.  To  kill  for  the  market;  butcher.  3.  Com.  To  reduce 
greatly  the  price  of .  II.  n.  1.  Wanton  or  savage  killing; 
massacre.  2.  Butchering.  3.  Com.  A  sweeping  reduc- 
tion in  prices.  [<  Ice.  slatr,  a  slaughtering. )  Syn.:  (verb) 
see  kill;  (noun)  see  MASSACRE.  slaugh  'ter-er,  n 
slaugh 'tcr-niant.  slaugh  'tcr=housc",  n.  A  place 
There  animals  arc  butchered,     slaugh  'ter-ous,  a.  -ly,  adv. 

Slav,  1  sldv  or  slav;  2  sliiv  or  slav,  n.    A  member  of  one  of 

various  people  of  nor  I  hern  or  eastern  Kurope,  as  a  Rus- 
sian, Bulgarian,  Croatian,  Montenegrin,  Czech,  Pole, 
Servian,  etc.  [<  G.  sklave..]  —  Slav  'ism,  r».  The  char- 
acteristics or  aims  of  the  Slavs,  collectively, 

Slav.,  abbr.    Slavic,  Slavonian,  Slavonic 

Slave,  1  slev;  2  slav.  l.Vt.&vi.  [SLATED;  SLAT'ING,]  1. 
To  work  like  a  slave;  toil;  drudge.  2.  [Poet.]  To  en- 
slave. II.  n.  1.  (  >ne  whose  person  is  held  as  properly  ;  :i 
person  in  slavery;  a  bondsman;  serf.     2.  A  person  in 


i            .     I  .il  nil  n1         In  •  Inn:      K..:      II  I  Inn.     tills. 
il           ||            II            '111.     Mini,    <1II.    |.rt>;   fro,    gem;    >0'>.    (Inn,     tills. 


r.U) 


-l.n    i  r  . 

-In    .  r  . 
.In    .  r-v  . 


Illll<ll    or   influence 

i   drudge      4.    \ 

I 
-i  i>.    bold  i ' . 

-In.     Ii.'l.l    lug,  -.lalr'trailr", 

-I  in       lr.nl    ,  r.     . 

,\  I  ii  drihbl 

s|;»>  Vr-ir. 

-.1  in 

Drivel 

I.  ln\  oluntai 
..-  person  to  another     •• 
S.  Sla>  nli  toil; 
m iii i .   -i.inr) .  oominer- 

-  .  i.    i.  laSLATONK 

-in  nh.  ;  I.  Pertaining  to  or  be- 

'.'.  I    \lr.  mely  hard  ur  labo- 
I  i->      0B81  vji  1..1  B        sla»  '- 

Mi-l> .  iUm  'l»h-nc--. 

Sta-VO   iil-.ni.     .  8    sla-v.'-'ni-an        1.    a        I. 

in. I  of  Austria-Hungary. 
II.         I .  \ 
Sto-Ton  ii  .  .  W5n1e,  .1      1.  Pertaining 

■  beir  languages     2.  sia\  onian, 
»law.  :  Cabbage  sliced  or  chopped,  and  served, 

1 '  tad,  balao  1 

■>!*).:  ILBW;   BLAIN;   mw'im;.]     'I'.,  kill, 

ially  by  violence;  put  to  death;  destroy  by,  or  as  bj  . 
killing-    |-     is  Bra    see  kill,   -slay'er,  n. 

-loa»r.  .  I,  «\  m..  -iiu'im;'     Tosepa- 

.    .  disentangle     II.  h.     Something 

sd,  matted,  knotted,  or  nnsnun,  as  silk   or   thread 

n  Of  SLIP,  r.J 

-lea'/).  1  >li  71;  2  -!•'■'/>.  ..'.     I.ai-kinn  Bnnneas  of  texture 
in  and  flimsy.    [<  G.  vchleissia,  worn 
-lea'il-ly,  adv. — slea'zl-ness,  n. 
sled,  1  sled;  2  sled.     I.  1  I  .'inn1;  si  1  d'iiim;.] 

on  a  sled;  use  a  sled,    DLn.    A  vehicle 
on  runner-  I    r  use  on  snow  and  ice.     [<  1). 

-.  of  suns.]— sled'dedt,  pa.    Conveyed  In  a  sled, 
sledge-,  1  slej;  2  slf-dg.  n,     1.  A  vehicle  mounted  on  run- 
ners, or  a  drag/like 
-    travel 

ft.  [Eng.. 
A     hurdle 
.  n.) 

Sledge1,  n.    A  heavy  hammer  for  blacksmiths'  use,  or  for 
<    AS.   slecg,    <   sledn,   strike  ] 
sledge ''ham"nier:. 
-leek,  1  -lik;  2  .-irk.     I'.  r(.     1.  To  make  smooth,  even,  or 
.'.  r«i  soothe;  moUify.    3.  To  make  less  disagree- 
able or  offensive;  smooth  over.     4.  [Colloq.]  To  make 
.-:  or  trim:  with  up.     5.  To  move  smoothly. 
II.         1.  Smooth  and  glossy.    2.  Smooth«epoken;  oily; 
insinuating:  in  tin-  United  States  generally 
Ur,  sleek,  <    V  In  slink,  t».J    Syn.:  see 
sleekly,  adv.    sleek 'neas,  n  [sly. 

I   •  k>,  1  sllk'i:  2  slek'y.  a.     1.  Sleek.     2.  [Scot]  Fawning; 
-l«  ep.  -.,  r.     [slept;  sleep'int,.]     I.  t.     1.  To 

r  repose  in  (sleep);  as,  to  sleep  the  sleep  of  death 
8.  To  pass  or  g.-t  rid  of  by  or  as  by  sleep:  often  with 
'iiri ,  II.  t.     1.  To  be  asleep;  slumber.     2. 

Figurativ.  dormant,  inactive,  or  quiet       -' 

■  less   or   remi--;   li\  o 

;{.  To  be  in  a  benumbed  state  from  re- 

■    of  the  blood;  as,  my  foot  sleeps.    4. 

pin  without  obviou  id  of  a  top.    [<AS. 

tjepan.  sleep]    Synj  see  rest. 

-leep,  I.         ■    -.-  i.r  period  of  complete  or  partial  1111- 

iousness,   normal   and   periodic    in    man   and   the 

higher  animals;  slumber.      In  animals  it  is  sometimes 

aged  I  ibernation.    2.  Any  condition  of 

■  if  ,  the  reel  of  the  grave; 

Ixpan,  sleep. J     Sill.:  see  i 
»|cep'l-l>,  adt.      In  a  Sleepy   manner;   drowsily.      sleep 'I- 
■ess,    -.       Dr    •  -Pip  'lng<car",   n.      A    ps 

i>--car  with  accommodations  for  sleepli  sleeping 
partner,  a  partner  who  Is  Inactive  and  unknown  In  the 
business.— §.  sickness,  a  fatal  disease  of  the  central  ner- 
vous system  characterized  by  mental  lethargy,  common 
among  \Vest>Afrlean  natives—  sleep'less,  n  Unable  to 
etui;  restless;  unquiet.  Syn.:  see  vigilant. — 
-l.-.p|. —  ij,  ,  — sleep less-ness,  n.  Wakefulness;  In- 
somnia.— sleep '<wak"er.  n.  A  somnambulist.— s. •wak- 
ing, n.  A  hypnotic  or  somnambulistic  condition.— sleep'< 
walk"er,    a.      A   somnambulist.— sleep  '-walking,   ».— 


sleep  > .  ■.  1  1  1 1,   -.i  1 1 1-  1  1  ^1  1    1.  Inollned  to 

1,  in  1 .  1  'onduclve  to  sleep, 

sleep  'er  .1  l.i  in.    M  llO     I.  ODSJ  In-ili 

nttvcly,  a  dead  pel ft.  M     8.]  A  slooping»oai     l<  \ 

hibei inning  annual     I  <  AS  span,  sleep.] 

sleep  'er  .  \  -  ■      / 1  ' .  •  -i  it.  1 1,,  ground, 

uppoi  1  foi  s  roadw  a] .  rail  1,  otc  .  al  10,  ■  111 

poi  1  ..I  iron  ••'  ■ -     !  ■    Nora     '•  w  I 

sleet,  1  1  •         1  ...1. 1 1. 1  fall  sleel     II. 

\  mixture  ol  snow  01  bail  and  rain;  s  drissling  .-i 
driving  ..1  partly  froson  rain,  ..1  rain  thai  freesea  as  n 
[alls     [Porn    -    Nora    vletta,  slap.]    sleet'],,  a 

-lee»    e    ,    1     lllv;  2      II  '■  I-    ■  '        H  I  I  \     I    'I'1  .    si  1  |.  \  'is,;   I 

1  q  furnish  «iili  a  sleeve  II.  n  1.  The  pan  ..i  a  gar- 
ment that  covers  the  arm  2.  \tteh  \.  tube  surround- 
ing something,  for  protection  or  the  like,  8,  A  short 
pipe  receiving  tin-  en.i-  ..1  two  other  pipes  or  rods;  a 
sleeve*ooupling  or  sleeve*nut,     I-     \~     lift,  proh, 

Slip.]      Blevet.        slee»e'.<-«lip"llllg,    it.      a    Bhort 

tube  for  connecting  shafts  or  pipes     ■IeevoTessla    1.  Ha> 

iiik'  do  !■  •  ••  -'  ■  1  nprofltable;  frulUess;  futile  sleeve 
ii.niii1,  u.    The  pan  of  a  sleeve  Dearest  the  band;  oufl  or 

n  rlsiliand. 
slelil*.  -.'      TO  prepare  for  Weaving;  Untwist,  BS  silk. 

sleigh,  l  slS;2  bIq,  n.    A  lii^lii  vehicle  with  runners  for  use 
iow  and  ice.     |<  D.slede,<  V  of  blub.]     sleigh '- 
lug,  n.   The  aol  of  ridini;  In  a  sleigh.    '£.  The  condition  of  the 
roads  that  admits  ol  using  a  sleigh. 

sleight,  I  1  -1. 111  ;  2  slit,  n,      1.  The  quality  of  being  .skilful 

slluhf,  )  in  manipulation;  mechanical  ezpertneas;  skill; 

dexterity.     "'.  A  juggler's  trick;   feat   ..1   legerdemain. 
Ice.  sU  .cunning.]     sleight  of  baud,  skill 

In  performing  tricks  In  luggllng;  legerdemain, 
sleii'der,  1  Bien'dsr;  2  Bieji'aer,  a.     I,  Having  a  small 

diameter  or  eireumferenee,  in  proportion  to  the  length 

or  height :  slim;  thin.    "'.  Having  little  Btrength  or  vigor; 

feeble;  frail;  delicate.  '.I.  Having  slight  basis  or  founda- 
tion, -t.  Small  or  inadequate;  moderate;  insignificant. 
5.  Meagerly  or  insufficiently  supplied,  (i.  Thin  in 
sound  or  quality;  lacking  volume;  in  phonetics,  noting 
certain  narrow  or  close  sounds,  as  opposed  to  hrmul  or 
«pc;i.  [<  OF.  rsrli-wtrr,  <  MI),  slimier,  slender,  < 
Mndertn,  drag.)  Syn.:  see  tine;  little;  minute. — slen'- 
der-ly,  adv. — slen'der-ness,  ;;. 

slept,  1  slept ;  2  slept,  imp.  &  pp.  of  sleep,  r. 

.sleuth,  1  sloth;  2  sluth,  r».  1.  The  track  of  man  or  beast, 
a>  followed  by  the  scent :  Scotch,  except  in  compounds. 

2.  [Colloq.,  U.  S.]  A  detective.  [<  Ice.  sloih.  trail.]— 
sleuth,  'i.  A:  ti.  To  follow  as  a  detective;  play  the  detec- 
tive.— sleuth 'shound",  n.     A  bloodhound,     s.  dog:. 

slew,  1  slQ;2slu,  imp.  of  slay,  v. 

Slice,  1  slais;  2  sll^.  I.  vt.  [sliced1;  slic'ino.]  1.  To  cut 
into  broad,  thin  pieces;  divide;  apportion:  often  with  up. 
2.  To  cut  from  a  larger  piece:  often  with  <>ff.  3.  To  sun- 
der, as  with  a  sharp  knife;  split.  II.  n.  1.  A  piece; 
especially,  a  thin,  broad  piece  cut  off  from  a  larger  body. 
2.  One  of  various  tools  for  slicing.  [<  OHG.OF  slienn, 
slice.]    Syn.:  see  cut.— sllc'er,  n. 

slick,  1  slik;  2  silk.  I',  vt.  To  make  smooth,  trim,  glossy, 
or  oily.  II.  a.  1.  Smooth;  slippery:  in  general  synon- 
ymous with  sleek,  but  more  colloquial.  2.  Flattering; 
obsequious.    3.  [Colloq]  Dexterous;  neatly  done.    III. 

n.     A  SD I  h  place  on  a  surface  of  water  or  in  the  fur  or 

hair  of  an  animal.  [Yar.  of  sleek.]  —  sllck'er,  n.  1. 
As  Implement  for  dressing  leal  her.  having  a  wooden  handle. 
'£.  [Western  U.  S.]  A  water*proof  overcoat,  as  of  oilskin. 

slid,  1  slid;  2  slid,  imp.  &  pp.  of  slide,  v. 

slide,  1  slaid;  2  slid.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [slid;  slid  or  slid'den; 
m.ip'ino.]  1.  To  pass  along  over  a  surface  with  a 
smooth,  slipping  movement.  2.  To  move  easily  and 
.t  lily.  3.  To  slip  off,  as  scales  in  shedding.  4.  To 
move  or  pass  smoothly,  deftly,  or  easily;  pass  gradually 
or  imperceptibly;  as,  the  years  slide  away  swiftly.  5. 
To  move,  pass,  or  proceed  by  sufferance  merely;  take 
care  of  one-elf  or  itself;  go  by  default  or  without,  heed: 
with  let;  as,  to  let  the  matter  slide.  6.  Mus.  To  glide 
from  tone  to  tone  without  breaking  the  sound.  7.  To 
make  a  moral  slip;  err;  sili.  II.  n.  1.  Something  that 
slides.  2.  The  act  of  sliding;  in  phonetics,  a  smooth 
.:''■;  glide.  3.  A  place  where  persons  or  things 
slide.  4.  A  snowslide  or  landslip.  5f.  A  slip;  fault. 
[  <  AS.  slldan.  slide.)— slid  'er,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that  which 
slides.  2.  A  ring  or  strap  through  which  something  slides. 
S.  The  red-bellled  terrapin. — slid 'Ing,  a.  &  n.—  slld'lng* 
scale",  n.  1.  A  schedule,  as  of  wages,  varying  with  the 
market  price  of  some  article.  2.  A  rule  having  two  or  more 
sets  of  scales  on  sliding  parts.    sllde'=rule"f. 

Sll-dcir,  1  slal-del';  2  sli-dcl',  John  (1793-1871).  An  Amer- 
ican lawyer;  Confederate  agent  to  England  In  1861. 


1: 3=  final;    1  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell:    10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    rj  =  sino;    fhin.   this. 
731  2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   611.  boy:  go,   gem;   ink;    thin.    this. 


slaver 
slot 


slight,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  manifest  intentional  neglect  of; 
omit  due  courtesy  toward  or  respect  for.  2.  To  do  im- 
perfectly or  carelessly;  shirk.    [OD.  slicht,  plain.] 

Syn.:  despise,  disdain,  disregard,  neglect,  overlook,  scorn. 
— sllght'ing,  pa.  Conveying,  containing,  or  characterized 
by  a  slight;  detracting;  depreciatory. 

slight,  a.  1.  Of  small  importance;  inconsiderable.  2. 
Slender;  frail;  delicate.  3|j.  Of  weak  intellect  or  char- 
acter. Syn.:  see  careless;  fine;  fragile;  insignificant; 
little;  small;  venial.— slight t,  adv.— sllght'ing-ly, 
adv.  In  a  slighting  manner. — slight  'ly,  adv.  In  a  slight 
manner;  inconsiderably;  partially;  carelessly. — sllght'- 
ness,  re.    The  quality  or  state  of  being  slight. 

slight,  re.  A  disparaging  or  neglectful  action;  one  in- 
volving failure  in  courtesy  or  respect  toward  another. 
Syn.:  disregard,  neglect,  scorn.  Disregard  is  chiefly  a 
matter  of  Intellectual  estimate;  slight  is  a  matter  of  outward 
action;  neglect  may  be  of  thought  or  act.  Disregard  of  a 
thing  is  setting  it  aside  as  not  worthy  of  regard.  Neglect  of  a 
person  or  thing  may  be  the  result  of  ignorance,  thought- 
lessness, or  preoccupation  with  other  things;  a  slight  is  an 
intentional  omission  of  kindness,  courtesy,  or  attention. 
In  the  use  of  the  verb,  we  speak  also  of  slighting  a  command, 
slighting  one's  work,  etc.;  in  computation  it  is  often  provided 
that  "fractions  less  than  one-half  may  be  disregarded." 
Scorn  expresses  mingled  contempt  and  bitterness.  See 
neglect. — Ant.:  esteem,  honor,  regard,  respect,  reverence. 

sli  'ly,  adv.    Same  as  slyly. 

slim,  a.  [slim'mer;  slim'mest.]  1.  Small  in  thickness  in 
proportion  to  height  or  length,  as  a  human  figure  or  a 
tree.  2.  Having  little  logical  strength;  weak.  3.  Con- 
structed unsubstantially;  flimsy.  4.  [Colloq.]  Lacking 
robustness;  frail.  5.  Insufficient;  narrow;  meager.  [< 
Ir.  slim,  thin,  or  MD.  slim,  bad.]    -ly,  adv.   -ness,  re. 

slime,  1  slaim;  2  slim.    I.  vt.  &  vi.     [slimed;  slim'ing.] 

1.  To  smear,  cover,  or  become  covered  with  slime.  2. 
To  remove  slime  from.  II.  n.  1.  Any  soft,  sticky,  or 
dirty  substance,  as  mud.  2.  Metal.  A  mud-like  sub- 
stance formed  of  ore  in  an  almost  impalpable  powder, 
mixed  with  water:  usually  plural.  3.  Any  offensive 
quality  or  thing.  [<  AS.  slim,  slime] — slim'y,  a. 
[slim'i-er;  slim'i-est.]    1.  Covered  or  bedaubed  with  slime. 

2.  Containing  slime.  3.  Sllme-like;  hence,  nauseous. — 
slim'i-ly,  adv. — sllm'1-ness,  re 

sling1,  1  slin;  2  sling.     I.  vt.  &  vi.     [slung;  sling'ing.] 

I.  To  fling  from  or  as  from  a  sling;  hurl; 
fling.  2.  To  hang  up  as  in  a  sling;  hoist, 
as  by  a  rope  or  tackle.  3.  To  move  at 
an  easy  gait.   4f.  To  be  thrown  or  hurled. 

II.  re.  1.  A  strap  or  pocket  with  a 
string  attached  to  each  end,  for  hurling 
a  stone  or  other  missile.  2.  One  of  various 
constructions,  as  of  rope,  for  suspending 
or  hoisting  something,  for  holding  up  an 
injured  limb,  lifting  and  supporting  an 
animal,  in  case  of  lameness  or  other  need, 
suspending  a  rifle  across  the  shoulders, 
or  the  like.  3.  A  sudden  throw;  cast;  Double  Chain- 
fling.  [<  AS.  sllngan,  sling.]  Syn.:  (verb)  sling  with 
see  send;  throw. — sllng'er,  re.  sliding  hooks. 

sling-,  re.  [U.  S.]  A  drink  of  brandy,  whisky,  or  gin,  with 
sugar  and  nutmeg.    [Cp.  G.  schlingen,  swallow.) 

slink1,  1  slink;  2  slink,  vi.  [slunk  or  blank;  slink'ing] 
To  creep  away  or  steal  along  furtively:  now  visually 
implying  meanness  or  sneaking.  [  <  AS.  slincan,  creep, 
<   V  of  G.  schleichen,  creep.) 

slink2,  vt.  &  vi.  To  give  birth  to  (young)  prematurely:  mis- 
carry: said  of  female  beasts.  [For  sling,  v.]— slink,  n. 
[Prov.  Brit.)  1.  An  animal  prematurely  born,  as  a  calf: 
also,  Its  flesh,  too  Immature  for  proper  food.  2.  A  weak- 
ling; sneak;  coward. 

slip,  1  slip;  2  slip,  v.    [slipped1  or  slipt;  blip'ping.]    I.  t 

1.  To  cause  to  move  smoothly  and  easily;  cause  to  glide 
or  slide;  put  on  or  off  easily,  as  a  ring  or  a  loose  garment. 

2.  To  convey  slyly  or  secretly.  3.  To  free  oneseli  or 
itself  from,  as  a  fetter  or  bridle.  4.  To  let  loose;  un- 
leash, as  hounds.  5.  To  Cut  off  for  planting;  make  a 
slip  or  slips  of.  6.  Naut.  To  release  from  its  fasten- 
ing and  let  run  out,  as  a  cable.  7.  To  give  birth  to  pre- 
maturely; slink;  cast:  said  of  beasts.  8.  To  di  locate, 
as  a  bone.  9.  To  escape  or  pass  unobservedly;  leave 
slyly;  as,  it  slipped  my  mind.  I0||.  To  let  go;  overlook. 
II.  i.  1.  To  move  smoothly  and  easily  along  a  surface; 
slide;  glide.  2.  To  lose  one's  footing;  become  misplaced 
by  failing  to  hold.  3.  To  go  or  come  stealthily  or  un- 
noticed. 4.  To  pass  by  or  away  as  by  oversight .  5.  To 
fall  into  an  error  or  fault;  err  »i.  To  go  free  from  re- 
straint; be  unleashed,  as  hounds:  often  with  let.  7.  To 
escape,  as  a  ship,  by  leaving  the  anchors  and  cables. 


[  <  AS.  slipan;  cp.  Dan.  slippen,  G.  schleif en, Goth,  sliu- 
pan.]— sllp'sknot",  re.  1.  A  bow-knot.  2.  A  running  knot. 
slip,  re.  1.  The  act  of  slipping;  a  sudden  slide.  2.  A 
lapse  in  speech,  writing,  or  conduct;  an  error;  a  fault. 
3.  A  small  piece  of  something,  as  of  paper  or  cloth, 
rather  long  in  proportion  to  its  width;  a  strip.  4.  A 
space  or  passage  long  in  proportion  to  its  width ;  in  the 
United  States,  a  space  between  wharves;  a  dock;  as,  a 
ierryslip.  5.  A  cutting  from  a  plant  for  planting  or 
grafting;  hence,  an  offshoot;  offspring.  6.  Something 
that  may  be  slipped  on  or  off  with  facility,  as  a  pillow- 
case  or  a  loose  garment,  a  leash  for  a  hound,  etc. 

slip 'per,  1  slip'ar;  2  sllp'er,  n  A  low  light  shoe,  chiefly 
for  indoor  wear. — slip'pered,  a.    Wearing  slippers. 

slip'per-y,  1  slip'ar-i;  2  sllp'er-y,  a.  1.  Having  a  surface 
so  smooth  that  bodies  slip  or  slide  easily  on  it.  2.  That 
evades  one's  grasp;  elusive;  tricky. — siip'per-y=elm", 
n.  The  mucilaginous  inner  bark  of  a  tree,  known  also  as  the 
red  elm,  or  moose  elm,  of  eastern  North  America;  also, 
the  tree.— slip 'per-l-Iy,  adv.— slip'per-i-ness,  n. 

slip 'shod",  a.  Wearing  shoes  or  slippers  down  at  the 
heels;  hence,  slovenly.    [  <  slip,  v.,  +  shoe,  v.] 

slip 'slop",  re.  1.  Sloppy  victuals;  any  weak  drink;  slop. 
2.  A  blunder;  random,  purposeless  work. 

slit,  1  slit;  2  slit.  I.  vt.  [slit  or  SLiT'TEDd;  slit'ting.]  1. 
To  make  a  long  incision  in;  slash.  2.  To  cut  lengthwise 
into  strips.  II.  n.  A  cut  that  is  relatively  long;  a  slash; 
gash;  also,  a  long  and  narrow  opening.  [  <  AS.  slite,  < 
slitan,  slit.]     Syn.:  (verb)  see  rend. — sllt'ter,  n. 

sllth'er,  1  sllth'er;  2  sllth'er.  vi.  [Prov.  Eng.)  To  slide;  glide. 
— sllth'er-y,  a.  [Prov.  Eng]  Slippery. 

sliv'er,  1  sliv'ar;  2  sllv'er.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  cut  or  split 
into  long  thin  pieces.  2.  To  cut  or  break  off.  II.  re .  1. 
A  slender  piece,  as  of  wood,  cut  or  rent  off  lengthwise;  a 
splinter.  2.  Corded  textile  fibers  drawn  into  a  fleecy 
strand.    [  <  AS.  slifan,  cleave.] 

slob  'ber,  v.  &  re.    Same  as  slabber. 

sloe,  1  slo;  2  slo,  re.  1.  A  small  plum-like  astringent  fruit; 
also,  the  shrub  that  bears  it;  the  blackthorn.  2.  [U.  S.] 
The  black  haw.    [  <  AS.  sal,  sloe.] 

slo'gan,  1  slo'gan;  2  slo'gan,  n.  A  battle-  or  rallying-cry: 
originally  of  the  Highland  clans.  [<  Gael,  sluagh, 
army.  +  gairm,  yell.] 

sloid,  )  1   sloid;  2   sloyd,   re.     A  system  of  elementary 

sloyd, J  manual  training  originating  in  Sweden,  having 
exercises  graduated  from  the  simplest  use  of  tools  to  the 
most  complete  joinery.    [<  Sw.  slojd,  skill.]    slojd  j. 

sloop,  1  slup;  2  sloop,  re.  A  single-masted  fore-and-aft 
rigged  vessel,  of  broad  beam,  typically  distinguished 
from  a  cutter  by  carrying  a  centerboard.  [  <  D.  sloep, 
perhaps  <  OF.  chalupe,  shallop.)— sloop  of  war.  In  old  na- 
vies, a  vessel  rigged  either  as  a  ship,  brig,  or  schooner, 
and  mounting  between  18  and  32  guns;  recently,  any  war- 
vessel  larger  than  a  gunboat  and  carrying  guns  on  one  deck 
only. 

slop,  1  slop;  2  slop,  v.  [slopped  or  slopt;  slop'ping]  I.  (. 
I.  To  cause  to  dash  over;  spill.  2.  To  spill  water  or  any 
liquid  upon;  make  sloppy.    II.  i.    To  dash  over;  spill. 

slop1,  re.  1.  A  liquid  that  has  been  slopped,  as  on  a  floor; 
a  wet  place.  2.  pi.  Waste  and  dirty  water,  il.pl.  Thin 
liquid  food;  any  weak  beverage:  a  contemptuous  usage 
[<  AS.  sloppe,  droppings  of  a  cow,  <  slUpan,  slip  ]  slop'- 
py,  a.  [slop'pi-er;  slop'pi-est.)  1.  Muddy;  slovenly.  2. 
Done  In  a  slovenly  manner. — slop'pl-ly,  adv.  —  slop'pl- 
ness,  n. 

slop2,  re.  1.  pi.  [Naut.  or  Colloq.]  Cheap  ready-made 
clothing;  among  sailors,  clothes,  bedding,  etc.  2f-  ;>'• 
Large,  wide  breeches.  [<  Ice.  sloppr,  <  slcppa,  slip.] 
— slop'»room",  n.  A  room  on  a  British  vessel  In  which 
sailors'  clothing  and  stores  are  kept,  Issued,  and  sold. — 
s.sshop,  n.  A  shop  for  the  sale  of  cheap  clothing.  —  s.« 
work,  re.  Manufacture  of  cheap  ready-made  clothing;  also, 
any  cheap  work. 

slope,  1  slop;  2  slop.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [sloped1;  slop'inq.]  1. 
To  incline  or  be  inclined  from  the  level  or  the  vertical; 
slant.  2.  To  form  with  a  slope.  3.  To  move  on  an  in- 
clined path ;  go  obliquely,  4.  [Slang.]  To  leave  .suddenly ; 
run  off.  II.  n.  1.  Any  slanting  surface  or  line;  a  de- 
clivity or  acclivity;  an  inclined  plane.  2.  The  degree  of 
inclination  of  a  lino  or  surface  from  the  plane  of  the 
horizon.  [<  AS.  slopen,  pp.  of  slUpen,  Blip.]  Syn.:  see  tip 
— slop 'lug,  a.    -ly,  adv. 

slopet,  a.    Sloping;  oblique,    slope 'nesst.  n.    Obliqueness, 

slope||,  adv.    In  a  sloping  manner;  aslant 

slosh,  1  slosh;  2  slosh.     I',  rl.  A-  rf.     To  throw  about.  :ih  a 

liquid;  splash.    II.  «.    [Colloq.]    Blush,    [Var.  of  slush.) 
slosh'y.o.  [Colloq.]  Same  as  slushy, 

slot1,  1  slot;  2  slot,  n.  A  long  narrow  groove  or  opening; 
slit.    [  <  AS.  slat,  prct.  of  slitan,  slit.] 


•>l"l  1    a-'-:    •    Art.    (»I.  (4-  I  to  ffl        ot.Ar;    full,  rftl.. ;    but,  t'Orn; 

Smlthnon         i     I        I      >  i     i  •  iii         i     I;  gft,  nfe.  Or,  w4a,    7S8 


-i..i 


~  i .  •  1 1 » 


•I       ll..|lll.i     .  \        I     Itll-llnllllil 

I.  Ih.iinclinn- 

•low  I 
•  i.idi    x**r  s  inxir  of  ln<  ii.  teed- 

I  rr  ill      Moth  rat.  Sluggish; 

-I) .  -n. 

vloix  h.  I  .        \  I.  To  bans  or 

'.'.  I 
II.         I.  A  banging  down 
appearance 
.'.   \n  aw kward, 
slouch  *y,  i 
Uowi  ii  i - 1  > .  itoui  ii  l-ness, 

~l*> llx: li  .  n.  i  iff,  or  D0  cast 

slllf    . 

slough  •  place  ol  deep  mud  or  mire; 

\-        h,        ' 
slough')  .        Swampy. 
■l"iii;ii  .  1.  Dead  tissue  separated  and 

.\  int:  parts;  ■  ■cab    2.  A  oovering  nr 
•  baa  been  shed    [  <  %  ol  Bi  Sj 
-i. .inch  >  .  .     i    intaln  lough, 

kloi  in.   I  <  tae  who 

.no  habitually  untidy.    |-    Ml' 

Mot  eo-U-ness,         aloi  Vn-1> . 

-low.  I.      A    i.    To  make  or  become  alow  or 

1:  often  with  up  <>r  down.     [< 

11.    ;      L  Baving  relatively  small 

k  in  motion,  performance,  <t  occur- 

I  tune;  aaid  of  a  timepiece. 

J.  I  ■•:  n. .t  precipitate  or  hasty;  as, 

4.  Dull  nr  tardy  in  comprehending; 

•">.   Lacking  promptness,  spirit,  nr 

oUoquiaUy,  dull   or   tedious  in   char- 

Sjtl;  deliberate,  dilatory,  drowsy,  dull,  gradual.  Inactive, 
lingering,   model  ate,   alack,   sluggish,   tardj 

Through  a  relatlvel]    short   distance,   or 
with  a  relatively  small  number  of  motions  in  a  given  time; 
stnir  also  appii>^  to  that  which  is  a  relatively  long  while  in  be- 
gun •  something;  a  watrh  or  a  flock  Is 
hen  Its  tndlcatlona  are  behind  those  of  the 
rtfs  Is  applied  to  that  which  Is  behind  the 
proper  or  d-  pecudly  In  doings  work  or  arriving 
at  a  place:  slow  applies  to  that  which  is  a  relatively  long 
time  In  passim;  from  one  [mint  to  another,  or  In  beginning  or 
:  dilatory  are  used  of 
persons,  tho  the  latter  may  be  used  also  of  things,  as  of  a 
stream:  a  person  Is  d-lficrate  who  takes  a  noticeably  long 
time  to  consider  and  decide  before  acting,  or  who  acts  or 
speaks  as  If  .    ,    .  nt;  a  person  is 
dilatory  who  lays  aside,  or  puts  oft  as  long  as  possible,  neces- 
sary or  required  action:  both  words  may  be  applied  either  to 
undertaking  or  to  doing.     Gradual  (Latin  gradus,  a  step) 
signifies  advancing  by  steps,  and  refers  to  ilou  but  regular 
and  sure  progression,    siact  refers  to  action  that  seems  to 
Indicate  a  i                        .   as  of  muscle  or  of  will,  sluggish  to 
D  that  seems  as  If  reluctant  to  advance.    See  gradual; 
heavy:    eeluctaht;    tedious. — Antj   see  synonyms    for 
impetuous;  nimble— slow'shound",  n.     A  sleuth-hound 
— »lo»'l>.            ilowt.     -.match,  n.     A  slowly  burning 
-low  'aesa,  n.     Synj  see  stupidity.— slow  'worm", 
n.    a  bllndworm. 
«lo>(i.  •.       -•  •    SLOID. 

sluh'ber*.  i      I.  I.     1.  To  do  or  treat  lazily,  Imperfectly,  or 

coarsely.     2.  To  soil:  bedaub:  stain.     II.  i.    To  act  care- 

enly.    [<  D.  slobberen.  lap.] 

kludge,   1   -.    .     _•  -,,.;.-,  n      1.  Soft  water»soaked  mud; 

m  or  broken  or  halMormed  ice. 

.  -  kinds.     3.  Slime  of 

■   neous  use.     [Prob.  <  D.  slijk,  dirt] 

slue,  1  ■  as;  -ii  'ivr;.f    To  sling 

|Cp.  Ice.  snua,  turn.]    slew+. 
-Iiie  .  "..  -luing  or  tur: 

Same  as  SLOUGH1. 
slug  .  1  slug:  2  slug.  r.   [slugged;  sluc'gino.]   I.  t.  To  load, 
as  a  gun.  with  slugs.    II.  f.    To  take  shape  to  fit  the  grooves 
of  a  rifle  in  firing,  as  a  bullet. 
slut;2.  1  slug;  2  slug.  at.  <t  rf.  [slugged;  sluo'gihg.]  [Slang.] 
To  strike  heavUy  or  brutally,  as  with  the  ttst.    K  AS.  sloh, 
'   lean,  smite.) 
•dug*,  a.    Sluggish. 

slug1,  7i.     1.  A  bullet  or  shot  of  irregular  or  oblong  shape. 

2.  /'r\nt.  A  strip  of  type-metal  thicker  than  a  lead,  and 

ban  typchigh,  for  spacing  rnaU'-r,  etc. :  also,  a  strip 

•:.g  a  typchigl]  number,  used  as  a  compoeitora 

mark.     3.  A  slung»shot,  or  its  metal  w<ight.     4.  Any 

small  chunk  of  metal      [Prob.   <  Dan.  slug,  sluggish.] 


slug.         i.    \      latropod  ..i  elongated  form  bavins  no 


hi0,  sluggish  | 
I||.  a.    Bains 


\  iniblc  shell      i.  \  sluggard 
slug  g.ird.   1   ".lug'i.rd;  2 

oig- 

I.  n  A  person  // 
habitually  lasy  or 
Idle  I  v  Dan  .-luj, 
slug) 
sluggish,  1  slug'irfh;2 
a  I.  Hav- 
ing little  motion  or 
power    of     motion; 

slow  ,     inactive;    loi- 

i.i. I      2.  Habitualb  "  "' 

Idle  and  lasy,    I-    Dan.  slut?,  sluggish.]    Syo-' see  heavy; 
ii. i  » .  .i  ..n  ,  ii  1,1. ,1       .|j .  •ness, 

sluice,  lslus;  2  slue  I.  if.  [sluiced1;  bluic'ing.]  I.  To 
we)  or  drench,  water  or  irrigate  bj  or  as  bj  means  ol  a 
sluice     2.  To  wash  in  or  by  ■  sluice,  as  ore*dir1     •(.  i  o 

draw  out   or  Conduct,  as  by  a  sluice,  as  water  oin   ol   ,i 

\  oir.    II.  n.    1.  Any  artificial  channel  for  oonducl 
ing  water,  or  the  stream  so  conducted;  a  flood*gate; 
Qume.     2.  Figuratively,  thai  through  which  anything 
issues  or  flows     [«    L.*  excludo,  exclude.] 

slum,    1   slum;  2  slum,      I.   ri.     To  visit   slums  as  from 
curiosity  or  charity     II.  n.    A  low  quarter  of  a  city. 
Mm  to  SLUMP.]     slum'nier,  n.     sltiiu'iulng,  n. 

slumber,  l  slum'l>,.r;  2  slum'lur  I.  «j  I.  To  sleep, 
■  ally  lightly  or  quietly.  'I.  To  !"•  inactive;  stag- 
nate II.  a.  sleep;  formerly,  light  sleep;  more  recently, 
complete,  quiet  sleep.  [<  AS.  sluma.  slumber.]  S.vn.:  see 
itKsr  sluiii'ber-er,  n. — sluin'ber-l.Tg-ly,  adv.  slum'- 
ber-less,  a.  Sleepless.  —  slum'ber-ous,  a.  Inviting  to.  be- 
ing in.  suggesting,  or  resembling  slumber;  soporific;  drowsy; 
sleepy,    sium'bvr-yt;  siuiu'brous;.    -ly, adv.   -ness, n. 

>!uiup,  1  slump;  2  slump.  I1,  m.  To  break  through  a 
crust  and  sink  down,  as  through  snow;  colloquially,  to 
fail  or  collapse.  II.  n.  A  breaking  through;  collapse. 
[Akin  to  Dan.  slumpc,  stumble  suddenly.] 

slung,  1  slurj;  2  slung,  imp.  &  pp.  of  sling,  v. 

slunK'»shot",  1  slur/'sbot";  2  slung'«shot",  n.  A  weight 
attached  to  a  thong  or  cord:  a  ruffian's  weapon. 

slunk,  1  slunk;  2  slunk,  imp.  &  pp.  of  slink,  r. 

slur,  1  slur;  2  sltir.  I.  ut,  [BLUBBED,  slcrd9;  slur'him;  ) 
1.  To  slight;  disparage;  depreciate.  2.  To  pass  over 
lightly  or  hurriedly;  suppress.  3.  To  do  or  speak  in  a 
careless  or  confused  manner,  4.  Mus.  To  sing  or  play 
as  indicated  by  the  slur .  5.  To  smear;  soil.  II.  n.  1. 
A  disparaging  remark  or  insinuation.  2.  Mus.  A  curved 
line  (^  or  -^)  indicating  that  tones  so  tied  are  to  be  sung 
to  the  same  «y  I  lable  or  pr-rformi'd  without  a  break  between 
them.    3.  l'nnt.  A  blur.    [<  MD.  eleuren,  train.] 

slush,  1  slusli;2slilsh.  I*,  rf.  1.  To  daub  or  cover  with  slush, 
as  for  lubrication,  or  to  cause  to  shine.  2.  To  1111  (spaces 
In  masonry)  with  mortar:  usually  with  up.  3.  To  wash  by 
throwing  water  upon,  as  a  deck.  II.  n.  1.  Soft,  sloppy  ma- 
terial, as  melting  snow  or  soft  mud.  2.  Greasy  material  used 
for  lubrication,  etc..  especially  a  mixture  for  coating  Iron  or 
steel  to  prevent  rusting.     [For  sludge.]— slush'}',  a. 

slut,  1  slut;  2  slut,  n.  1.  A  female  dog;  bitch.  2.  A  slat- 
ternly woman.  [  <  Sw.  dial,  sldta,  slut,  <  slota,  droop.] 
— slut'ter-y,  n.  The  character  or  habits  of  a  slut;  sloven- 
liness.— slut'tlsh,'/     Slatternly;  dirty,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

sly,  1  slai;  2  sly,  a.  [sli'er  or  sly'er;  sli'est  or  sly'est.] 
1.  Artful  in  doing  things  secretly;  cunning;  crafty.  2. 
Done  with  or  marked  by  cunning  secrecy;  as,  a  sly  trick. 
[<  Ice.  slxgr,  sly,  perhaps  <  V  of  slay,  r.J  Syn.:  see  insii>- 
IOU8.  sly'=boots",  n.  A  roguish,  cunning,  sly  person  or 
animal.—  sly'ly,  adv.—  sly  'ness,  n. 

S.  M.,  abbr.  Sa  Majesli  (F.,  Ills  [or  Her]  Majesty),  Benlor 
magistrate.  Sergeant- Major,  short  meter.  State  Militia. 

smack1,  1  smak;  2  smak.  I',  rf.  &  ri.  To  give  or  make  a 
smack,  as  in  tasting,  kissing,  striking,  etc.  II.  n.  1. 
A  quick  sharp  sound,  as  of  the  lips;  a  noisy  kiss.  2.  A 
sounding  blow  or  slap.  3.  The  sound  of  a  snapping 
whip.     [  <  MD.  smacken,  strike.] 

smack2.     I*,  ri.    To  have  a  taste  or  flavor:  often  used  fig- 
uratively.      II.  n.      1.  A 
suggestive    tincture, 
ta^t.-,  or   flavor.       2.   A  hj 
mere  taste;  smattering. 
[  <  AS.  smxc,  taslc.] 

smack3,  n.  A  small  coast- 
ing* or  fishing'vessel.  [  < 
MD.  smacke.  smack] 

Smal-kal'dlc    League,   1   smal-kal'dik;  2  smal-kil'dle.     A 
IC  of  German  Protestants  opposing  Charles  V. 

small,  1  smel;  2  smal,  a.     1.  Comparatively  less  thai- 


Structure  of  a  Well-smack. 

a.  tbe  wtll,  (howlnit  the  w»t»r  «l  the  Iml 

the  vessel's  l<*d»lii.«  (/,,(.). 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle:    OU  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    Chin;    go;    t)  =  sing;    Cliin,    this.  Slot 

733     2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.     Miiilhson 


another  or  than  a  standard;  diminutive;  little.  2. 
Being  of  slight  moment,  weight,  or  importance.  3. 
Lacking  in  moral  or  mental  breadth;  narrow;  ignoble; 
paltry.  4.  Acting  in  a  limited  way.  5.  Weak  in  charac- 
teristic properties;  mildly  alcoholic:  said  of  liquors;  as, 
small  beer.  6.  Having  little  body  or  volume;  slender; 
fine;  soft,  as  a  voice.  7.  Of  low  degree;  obscure.  81". 
Thin;  slender.     [  <  AS.  smsel,  small.] 

Syn.:  diminutive,  fine,  little,  mean,  microscopic,  minute, 
narrow,  petty,  puny,  slight,  tiny.  See  fine;  insignificant; 
little;  scanty. — small  arms,  arms  that  may  be  carried  on 
the  person. — s.  craft  (..Yaut.),  small  vessels  collectively; 
also,  figuratively,  small  things  or  persons  generally. — s.  fry, 
small  fish  in  general;  hence,  small  people  or  things. — s.  talk, 
unimportant  or  trivial  conversation;  mild  gossip. — the  s. 
hours,  the  early  hours  of  the  morning,  numbered  one,  two, 
etc. — small '=elothes",  n.  pi.  A  man's  nether  garments  for 
the  hips  and  thighs:  close-fitting  knee-breeches,  smallst. — 
small'ish,  a.  Somewhat  small. — small'ncss,  n. — small'- 
pox",  re.  Pathol.  An  acute,  specific,  infectious  disease  re- 
sulting from  a  specific  morbid  poison,  that  after  a  period  of 
incubation  manifests  itself  by  high  inflammatory  fever,  fol- 
lowed by  an  eruption  of  deep-seated  pustules. 

small,  n.  1.  A  small  part;  as,  the  small  of  the  back.  2. 
A  small  thing  or  quantity. 

small,  adv.  1.  In  a  low  or  mild  tone;  also,  in  a  shrill  key; 
as,  to  talk  small.    2f.  In  a  small  way;  trivially. 

smalt,  1  smelt;  2  smalt,  re.  A  deep=blue  glass  colored  with 
cobalt  oxid:  used  when  pulverized  for  painting,  etc.  [<  It. 
srnalto,  <  G.  schmalte,   <  schmelzen,  melt.] 

small  'itv,  1  smelt'ait;  2  smalt'It,  n.  Min.  A  white  to  gray 
compound  of  arsenic  and  cobalt.    [<  smalt.]    smalt'lnej. 

smart,  1  smart;  2  smart.  Id.  vi.  1.  To  experience  an 
acute  painful  sensation,  bodily  or  mental.  2.  To  cause 
a  smarting  sensation.  II.  a.  1.  Quick  in  thought  or 
action;  bright;  brisk;  acute;  clever.  2.  Impertinently 
witty.  3.  Vigorous;  emphatic;  severe;  brisk.  4.  Caus- 
ing a  smarting  sensation;  stinging;  pungent.    5.  [U.S.] 

(1)  Keen  or  sharp,  as  at  trade;  shrewd.  (2)  [Local.]  In 
active  health;  well.  (3)  Superior,  as  in  speed,  strength, 
or  skill.  (4)  [Dial.]  Large;  considerable;  as,  a  smart 
crop  of  wheat.    6.  [Eng.]   (1)  Sprucely  dressed;  showy. 

(2)  Belonging  to  the  stylish  classes;  fashionable.  (3) 
Making  a  creditable  showing.  111.  n.  1.  An  acute 
stinging  sensation,  as  from  a  scratch  or  an  irritant.  2. 
Any  distress;  suffering.  3.  [Local.]  A  degree,  number, 
or  amount;  with  right;  as,  right  smart  of  people.  [  <  AS. 
smeorlan.]  Syn.:  see  clever. — smart'ly,  adv. — smart'- 
ness,  n.  Syn.:  see  pertness. — smart 'weed",  n.  A  widely 
distributed  herb  having  jointed  stems,  long  grass-like  leaves, 
and  inconspicuous  greenish  flowers.    knot'weed":t. 

smart 'en,  1  smflrt'n;  2  smiirt'n,  v.  I.  t.  To  improve  in 
appearance;  make  smart.      [Colloq.]     II.  i.     To  smart. 

smart'=mon"ey,  1  smdrt'=mun"i;  2  smart'=mon"y,  n.  1. 
Law.  Damages  awarded  against  a  defendant  because  of 
great  aggravation  attending  the  wrong  committed.  2. 
Money  paid  for  a  release  from  an  engagement  or  from  a 
painful  situation.  3.  [Eng]  Money  allowed  to  soldiers 
or  sailors  for  injuries  received  in  the  service. 

smash,  1  smasfi;  2  smash.  I',  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  break  in 
many  pieces;  shiver;  shatter;  colloquially,  to  fail  and  go 
to  pieces,  as  a  business  enterprise,  etc.  2.  To  flatten; 
crush.  I  i  n.  1.  An  act  or  instance  of  smashing,  or  the 
state  of  being  smashed:  often  compounded  with  up;  as, 
a  smash'up  on  a  railroad.  2.  A  beverage  of  spirituous 
liquors.  [<  Sw.  dial,  smaska,  smack;  allied  to  smack1, 
v.)    Syn.:  see  break. — smash 'cr,  n. 

smatch,  1  smacn;  2  smach.  [Prov.  or  Obs.l  I1,  vt.  &.  vt.  To 
taste;  have  a  taste  of.  II.  n.  A  taste;  smack.  [  =  smack2.] 

smat'tcr,  1  smat'ar;  2  smat'er,  vt.  &  vi.  To  have  but  a 
smattering  of;  talk  or  use  superficially;  make  a  display 
of  small  knowledge.  [  <  Sw.  smaltra,  crackle.] — Sinat'- 
ter-er,  re.— .smat'ter-lng,  n.  A  superficial  degree  or  kind 
of  knowledge,     -ly,  adv.  [double. 

sm.  <■.,  iib/ir.    Small  capitals. — S.  M.  D.,  ahbr.    Short  meter 

smear,  1  smlr;  2  smer.  I.  vt.  To  bedaub  or  cover  with  a 
viscous  substance;  hence,  to  soil  or  defile.  II.  n.  1.  A 
soiled  spot;  stain.  2.  A  volatile  flux  for  glazing  ware. 
3t.  Ointment;  grease.    [<  AS.  emeru,  grease.] 

smell,  1  1  smel;  2  smci,  v.     [smklled  or  smelt,  BMBLD8; 

smel1',  }  hmell'inc]  I.  t.  1.  To  perceive  by  means  of 
the  nose  and  its  olfactory  nerves;  perceive  the  odor  or 
perfume  of ;  scent.  2.  To  test  by  odor.  3.  To  discover, 
detect,  or  seek  to  know,  as  if  by  smelling:  often  with  "///. 
II.  i.  I.  To  emit  an  odor  or  perfume:  frequently  with 
of.  2.  To  be  malodorous.  3.  To  use  tin-  sense  of  smell; 
sniff;  snuff:  often  followed  by  of.  4.  To  test  by  smell: 
also  figuratively.  [Akin  to  D.  smeulen,  <  LG.  smelen, 
smolder.j— smeli'er,  n.— smell'y,  a.  [Colloq.)  Malodorous. 


American  Smelt. 


smell,  n.  1.  That  sense  by  means  of  which  odors  are  per* 
ceived.  2.  The  sensation  excited  through  the  olfactory 
nerves.  3.  That  which  is  directly  perceived  by  this 
sense;  an  odor;  perfume.  4.  Figuratively,  a  faint  sug- 
gestion; hint;  trace.    5.  An  act  of  smelling. 

Syn.:  aroma,  bouquet,  fragrance,  odor,  perfume,  savor, 
scent,  stench,  stink.  Smell  is  the  generic  word  Including  all 
the  rest.  Aroma,  fragrance,  and  perfume  are  ordinarily 
pleasing;  odor,  savor,  and  scent  may  be  so.  Odor  Is  nearly 
synonymous  with  smell,  but  is  susceptible  of  more  delicate 
use;  as,  the  odor  of  incense.  An  aroma  is  a  delicate  and  spicy 
odor,  as  of  fine  coffee;  bouquet  is  said  chiefly  of  the  delicate 
odor  of  certain  wines.  We  speak  of  the  fragrance  or  perfume 
of  flowers,  but  fragrance  Is  more  delicate;  a  perfume  may  be 
so  strong  and  rich  as  to  be  repulsive  by  excess.  There  is  a 
tendency  to  restrict  the  application  of  perfume  to  the  arti- 
ficial preparations  called  collectively  "perfumery."  Scent  Is 
chiefly  used  for  the  characteristic  odor  of  an  animal  by  which 
It  is  tracked  or  avoided  by  other  animals;  the  word  Is  also 
applied  to  any  odor,  natural  or  artificial,  especially  when 
faintly  diffused  through  the  air;  as,  the  scent  of  mignonette 
or  of  new=mown  hay.  Savor  is  chiefly  said  of  the  appetizing 
odor  evolved  from  articles  of  food  by  the  processes  of  cook- 
ing. Any  smell  that  is  at  once  foul,  strong,  and  pervasive 
may  be  called  a  stench.  Smell  and  scent  denote  also  the 
sense  to  which  odors  appeal ;  as,  man  has  the  sense  of  smell; 
the  keen  scent  of  the  foxhound.    See  savor. 

smcltd,  1  smelt;  2  smeit,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  reduce  (ores)  by 
fusion  in  a  furnace;  to  obtain  (a  metal)  from  the  ore  by 
a  process  including  fusion.  2.  To  melt  or  fuse.  [  <  D. 
smelten,  melt,  or  Dan.  smelte.] — smelt 'er,  n.  1.  One  en- 
gaged In  smelting  ore.  2.  [Western  U.  S.]  A  smelting- 
works;  smeltery. — smelt'er-y,  n.  1-iesz,  pi.]  An  estab- 
lishment for  smelting. 

smelt,  n.  A  small  silvery  food=fish,  of  northern  seas.  [  < 
AS.  smelt,  smelt.] 

smew,  1  smiu;  2  smu,  n.     A 
small  merganser  of  northern 
parts  of  the  Old  World.  [Per-  j 
haps  for  iccmew.] 

sin  i 'lax,  1  smai'laks;  2  smi'- 
laks,  n.  1.  A  delicate  twin- 
ing plant  of  the  lily  family, 
from  South  Africa,  with  greenish  flowers.  2.  [S-]  A  large, 
widely  scattered  genus  of  shrubby  or  herbaceous  plants; 
also  [s-1,  a  plant  of  this  genus.  cat'brl"erj;  green'- 
bri"er:f.     [<  Gr.v  smilax,  yew.] 

smile,  1  smail;  2  smil.  1.  vi.  [smiled;  smil'ing.]  1.  To 
give  a  smile;  wear  a  cheerful  aspect.  2.  To  show 
approval  or  favor:  often  with  upon.  II.  n.  1.  A  pleased 
or  amused  expression  of  the  face,  characterized  by  lat- 
eral upward  extension  of  the  lips.  2.  A  pleasant  aspect. 
3.  Propitious  or  favorable  disposition;  favor;  blessing. 
[<  Sw.  smila,  smile.] — smll'er,  re. — smil'ing,  a.  Syn.:  see 
cheerful;  happy. — smll'ing-ly,  adv. — siiiiring-ness,  u. 

smirch,  1  smGrch;  2  smirch.  I',  vt.  1.  To  soil,  as  by 
contact  with  grime ;  smear.  2.  To  defame ;  degrade.  1 1 . 
n.  The  act  of  smirching,  or  the  state  of  being  smirched ; 
a  smutch.     [<  AS.  smerian,  smear.)    Syn.:  see  blemish. 

smirk,  1  smurk;  2  smirk.  I',  vi.  To  smile  in  a  silly  or 
affected  manner.  U.K.  An  affected  or  artificial  smile. 
[<  AS.  smerclan,  smirk.)    smerkt. — smlrk'lng-ly,  adv. 

smite,  1  smait;  2  sunt,  v.  [smote  or  hmit;  smit'ten  or 
smit;  smit'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  strike  (something)  with 
sudden  force,  as  with  a  hammer  or  the  fist.  2.  To  st  rike 
a  blow  with  (something);  cause  to  strike.  3.  To  cut, 
sever,  or  break  by  a  blow:  usually  with  off  or  out.  4.  To 
strike  with  disaster;  afflict.  5.  To  affect  with  sudden 
feeling;  in  the  passive,  to  affect  with  love.  6.  To  cause 
to  feel  regret  or  remorse.  7.  To  affect  as  if  by  a  blow 
S[|.  To  kill  by  a  sudden  blow.  II.  i.  1.  To  comr  «iih 
sudden  force.  2.  To  knock  against  something.  I  <  AS. 
smlani,  stroke.]     Syn.:  see  beat. — smlt'cr,  n. 

smith1,  1  smith;  2  smith,  n.  1.  One  who  shapes  metals 
as  by  hammering,  as  a  blacksmith;  also,  any  artificer 
in  metals.  2f.  One  who  makes  anything.  [<  AS. 
smith,  smith.)— smlth'er-y,  n.  [-IKS',  pi.]  1-  The  art  of 
the  smith.  2.  A  smith's  shop,  smith'},  n  [  IBS1,  pi  ! 
1.  A  place  Where  a  smith  works;  a  forge,     '£■  A  sirillh. 

Smith*,  n.    I.Adam  (1723-1790),  a  Scottish  political  econo 

mist;  Wealth  of  Nations.  2.  Goldwln  (1823  1910),  an  En- 
glish critic  and  publicist.  3.  Captain  John  (1679  1681), 
an  English  adventurer;  president,  of  Virginia  colony.   Kills 

I.  Joseph  (1806  1844),  rounder  of  the  Mormon  Church.  S. 

Sydney  (1771  -1846),  an  English  humorist. 
Hinlth"er-eens',    1    smith*  sr-Inz';   2   smlth'er-Cns',    ".    />'. 

icoiiocji  Fragments  produced  as  by  a  blow,    snilth'ersi. 
Smith,  lust.,  uhhr.    Smithsonian  Institution, 
Smith 'son,  lsmlth'son;  2smIth'son.  James  1 1  7<;.r.   1829).  An 

English  chemist.  -Smlth-No'ni-an,  a.  Pertaining  to  James 

sinittiHon  or  the  Institution  founded  by  him  at  Washington 


.milliti 


■  I  >        >  I  I  <•  ot.Ar:  full,  rule;   Kill,  horn; 

A.-t.  «*  i.»t.  .iiii      6;  gO,  uftt,  Ar.  w6n,       "i'-U 


•    »I1UIIU! 

■CI. 

HtUI    ii  ii.  ..    with    ,V|,  1,|,  i, 

*m,>>  k  I 

\  imorh 

-in..,  L      It...  I.     . 
slllok.   .  ■'  ,    KMIIR    IN..    |        I.    I 

I  nni;i-, 

smoke 

4 

II.  I . 

>pium,  ..r  tin' 
v :,  mi,,  il„.  mouth  or 
.'  .:      S.  Tii  *  nil  -moke  out  un- 
due. ,,r 
I.  it  .-..nut In i 

■team,  ,.r  dual       ■>.    II. 
'•■  -i-  dual  in  rapid  riding  or 

■  in,  smoke  ) 
smoke,         i  roduots  of  the  combustion 

of  an  nrj,  i  barged 

iperly,  fumes,  steam, 
I  unsubstant ial ;  a  w-.l.— . 
i.  ict  of  smoking  a  pipe,  ci- 

i-  I  hick  white  fog.     [  <  AS 

~niokr '  eon-dens"er,  •.  \ a 
apparatus  or  derlee  by  which  smoke  Is  absorbed  or  cleansed 
by  a  water-spray;  a  smoke»waabi  *.  consumer,  n.  An 
apparatus.-  Idlslng  the  un- 

burut  gases  of  combustion      s.. burner;,     v.  consuming, 
s.  house,   ri.     a    building    or    close    room    In   which 
mea'  .ntlon  of  smok 

J»rk,  •.      A  n.,-, ■:...  "i  to  turn  B  roast  Ing-splt. 

-mok.   leas,   .      Having  or  emitting  little  or  no  smoke. — 
»ni..k  .  r.    .     i.  i   ...  -  thai  which  smokes;  one  who 

smokes  tobacco  habitually      2.   Ba»t«Plng.   A  Bre*b03  for 
:,g  smoke  upon  bees  to  quiet  them.    3.  [C'olloii  .  I     B 
2    Ui  entertainment  at  which  smoking 
Is  permitted      s.otark,   n.     An  upright   pipe,  usually  of 
'  or  plate  Iron,  through  which  combustion  gases  from  a 
boiler-furnace  are  discharged  Into  the  air;  a  funnel. — s.« 
ir..-,  n.    An  ornamental  shrub  or  tree  with  long  feather; 
stalks  resembling  smoke  or  mist. — smok'y,  a.    [BHOK'I-KB; 
1.  '  ..ving  forth  smoke.    2.  Mixed  with  or  con- 
taining sm."        '■  Bnoke.    4.  Liable  to  be  Oiled  with 
smoke.    5.  Kmlttlng  smoke  Improperly  and  unpleasantly,  as 
bad  draft.    •.  Discolored  7.  smoke»col- 
-niok'l-lj,    adv.     Miiok'l-ness,    n. — 
Mnok.   (j.  i in.- 1 .                •   •  .•  head-dress  worn,  as  by  sol- 
in  against  poisonous  gas  fumes  and  smoke. 
>iii"k'>   Moun 'tain-.      \  range  In  North  Carolina  and  Ten- 

ne>-  rigman's  Dome,  6,619  ft. 

Muni  <1>  r.  if.r;  2  smol'der,  ri.     1.  To  burn  and 

smiJi.  :  way.      2.  To  exist  in    a  latent 

Han,  smother  ]    snioul'der*. 
— ■  r 1 1 ■ , —  1  -  n - k  .  -.',  n.    A  city  in  central 

inissla:   pop.  76.000. 
-in..!  I  .t.  Tobias  George  (1721-1771). 

ooreUst;  Hoderlet  Uandom.  etc. 

-ii r,  rndor,  rl^  [Scot.)  To  smother,     smoret. 

smooth,    i  '.>:.     _•    -■  •,,    r(.    A    ri.      To   make    or 

extenuate;  palliate;  calm;  mod- 

imooth.]— smooth  'cr,  a,     One 

I  or  that  which  smooths 

smooth.  1.   Saving  ■  surfaoe  without  irregularities:; 

Continuously  even.     '£.  Having  no  impedi- 

free  from  shocks  or  toll  -. 

I  namfSed;  bland;  pleasant;  mild.    4.  I-'low- 

ipposed  to  rugged;  as,  a  tmootii  style, 

'•■  ":ng:    often   implying   deceit.      6.  Or. 

-    mded    without    the    aspirate:    opposed    to 

■    . ■ /'.     7.  Having  do  aodulona  or  astringent 

Synj  even.  flat,  glossy,  level,  plain,  plane,  polished,  sleek, 
unruffled.     An  <un  surface  Is  free  from  any 
Irregularities,  as  knobs,  or  splinters,  or  ahrupl 
changes  nt  direct  ion  or  enrvatun  surface  Is  one 

that  tbe  hand  may  be  passed  over  without  friction,  or  In 
which  the  eye  discerns  no  noticeable  break  or  flaw.  That 
which  Is  polUhed  Is  brought  to  a  very  high  degree  of  smool  ti- 
neas so  as  to  be  not  only  frlctlonless  to  touch,  but  lustrous  to 
tbe  eye.  A  board  Is  sawed  to  an  even  surface,  planed  till  It  Is 
smooth,  and  sandpapered  till  It  Is  polUhed.  A  thing  may  be 
tmootb  or  polished  and  yet  very  uneven,  as  a  warped  piece 
•  rieertng.  See  bla.vd;  blunt;  calm;  fine;  LBTKL; 
?k   ■>;        AnL;  see  synonyms  for  BOUOH. 

»raooth'bore",  n.    A  firearm,  as  a  shotgun,  with  un- 


rtfled    bore     s    boradi  i,  bor*t<    s.  "raced,   ,.      i. 

•  vail,  etc.    S,  Bland  oi 

iniiil    In    .    ,  peolall}     with    deceitful    intent 

smooth  i».  tmootb'neM,    .     ■.••hod,  a     Shod 

without  sharp  projections  on  tin 

sill. , I,    .  Mill.     | 

siiinthVr.    1  lh  »r;  2  smiitli  .  i        I.   ,,'    A    m        I.   To 

|.n  \ .nt  the  i  spiration  "i.  as  bj  Blling  ••!  oovering  the 

utli  and  nostrils;  also,  t..  kill  by  suoh  means;  luffo 

oato;  stifle     2.  I voi  ..i  bo  covorcd  without  venl  oi 

t.  I  igurath  olj  .  to  hidi   i 

hidden  "i  suppressed      4.  In  king,  to  enolo 

c....k  111  a  covered  dish  or  under  a  close  n 
other  subatanoe     .>.   Po  daub;  amear     II.  i       I.   Phal 
w hull  smothers,  as  stifling  vapor  ..i  dual     '!.  The  state 
nt    being    s,H..i  hori  d  \  -       -      an,    imothei  ] 

siuoi  h 'er-> .  ;     Buffooatlng. 
siuoui'iier.  .  tnfll'der,  rt     Same  as  suoLOSB, 

sin  ml gc.  1  smuj;2smudg     I.  si     [an i  d:  Bin  do'ing  | 

To  smear;  soil;  fumigate  II.  n  I.  ^.  soiling,  aa  of  dry 
dirt  or  soot;  smear;  stain  ■;.  lamokj  8re,  as  for  driv- 
ing away  insects,  etc  •'!.  r.-uni -p.,i  Borapings  and 
cleanings      smads'y,  a      imadc'l-ly,  adi      imadgt- 

ness,  n 

smug,  1  smug;  2  smug.  n.  Trim  and  nioe,  especially  with 
c. , licit  or  affectation;  smooth  and  •elf«eatisfled.     [< 

I  i.      nut,  elegant   I     -l>,,u/i      -liess,  n        Mil  llg'. faced,  a 

Minig'glc.  i  l  amog'lj  L!  smug'l,  i      |s\n  o'oled;  bmi  o'- 
smng'l  .    t..ir...|    1./     iTTo  take  (merchandise)  into 

or  0Ul   "I  a  country  without   payment  of  lawful  duties 

2.  To  bring  in  or  introduce  illicitly  or  clandestinely 
II.  i.  To  practise  smuggling.  (<  iXi.  imuggeln,  <  V 
of  i.e  tmjvea,  creep  I  siiiug'gler,  n  I.  One  who  smug- 
gles,   2.  A  vessel  used  in  Smuggling      siniig'glliig,  n.    The 

oOense  Of  fraudulently  and  Illegally  Importing  or  exporting 

merchandise,  especially  without  payment  of  duties, 

smut,  1  smut;  2  smut.  I.  if  iV  ii.  (smut'tkiW;  smi  i  '- 
tinc  ]  I.  To  blacken  or  be  stained  as  with  soot  or 
smoke.  '£.  To  affect  or  be  affected  with  smut,  as  grow- 
ing grain.  3.  To  remove  the  smut  from  (grainl  4.  To 
pollute;   ilefatne       II.    n .      1.  The  blackening  mad.-   by 

soot .  smoke,  etc.  2.  Obscenity.  3.  A  fungous  die  ase 
of  plants,  in  which  the  affected  parts  change  into  a 
dusty  black  powder,  I  <  AS.  smittn,  spot.] — Klllllt'ty, 
a.  1.  Soiled  or  affected  with  smut .  black; stained.  2.  obscene; 
indecent,     smul  '(l-ly,  mlr.     smut  'tl-ness,  n. 

smutch,  r.  *  n.    Soil:  smudge,    smooch?.—  smutch'y,  a. 

Sm>r'na,  1  smur'na;  2  smyr'na,  n.  A  seaport  In  W.  Asia 
Minor;  pop.  375,000.     Smyr'nl-ot,  a  &  n.   Smyr'nl-oteJ. 

8.  n.,  abbr.    [L.]    Secundum  naluram  (according  to  nature). 

snack,  1  snak;  2  snak,  n.  (Colloq.)  1.  A  share  of  something 
divided.  2.  A  slight,  hurried  lunch  [Akin  to  ME.  snocken, 
snatch.]— to  go  snacks  [<  lolloq.],  to  share  equally. 

snaf  'flc,  )  1   snaf'l;  2  snaf'l.     I.  vt.     [snaf'ki.ed;  sn.u'- 

snaf'l1',  )  fling,]  1.  To  control  with  a  bit  and  bridle; 
bridle  2.  To  seize  by  the  bridle  or  snaffle.  II.  n.  A 
hone's  bit  jointed  in  the  middle;  also,  the  hi  t  and  bridle 
collectively.  snaf'fle»bit"t.  [  <  D.  snatel, dim.  of  Ml). 
snabbe,  bill  of  a  bird] 

snag,  1  snag;  2  snag.  I.  if.  To  injure,  destroy,  or  impede 
by  or  as  by  a  snag.  II.  n.  1.  A  jagged  or  stumpy  knot 
or  protuberance.  2.  The  root  or  remnant  of  a  tooth 
remaining  in  the  jaw;  also,  a  projecting  tooth,    3.  A 

branch  of  a  deer's  antler.  4.  |I"  S  ]  A  tree»trunk  stuck 
in  a  river's  bed;  hence,  an  unsuspected  impediment. 
[<  Norw.  sna'j. ]— snag'=boat",  n.  A  steam«vessel  with 
machinery  for  removing  snags  snagged,  a.  Full  of  snags; 
knotty. — snag'gy,  a.  1.  Full  of  snags,  as  a  river.  2.  Full 
of  knots  or  stubs,  as  a  tree  or  swamp.    3.  Like  a  snag. 

snail,  1  anel;  2  snal,  n.  1.  A  gastropod  mollusk  with  a 
spiral  shell.  2.  A  slug  or  shell-less  land-gastropod:  now 
so  used  chiefly  in  the  I  nib  d  Btates  8,  A  slow  or  lazy 
person.  [AS.  snxol,  snail.)— snall'=pace",  n.  A  very  slow 
movement,   snail's  pace!.-  s.=paced,  a. 

snake,  1  snek;  2  snak,  tt.  &  ri.  [snaked';  snak'ing.]  I. 
[Colloq.,  1'.  S]  To  haul  along  the  ground,  as  a  log.  2. 
I  effect  by  snakelike  motion.  3.  Naut.  To  fasten  by 
winding  spirally  with  cords.    4.  To  crawl  like  a  snake. 

snake',  n.    1.  A  serpent,    2.  A  lizard  or  allied  amphibian. 

3.  A  treacherous  or  insinuating  person.  [<  A.S.  snaca, 
snake,  <  snlcun.  sneak.)— snake':blrd",  n.  One  of  several 
birds  frequenting  swamps  and  feeding  upon  nsh,  etc. — 
snake 'like,  a.  Resembling  a  snake  In  appearance,  nature, 
or  action. — snake'root",  n.  Any  one  of  various  plants 
whose  roots  have  been  reputed  remedies  for  snake-bites; 
also,  the  root  of  any  of  these  plants.— snake'stone",  n.  1. 
A  fossil  ammonite.  2.  Folk-lore.  A  substance  used  as  a 
specific  In  snake-bites. — snak'y,  a.  1.  Of  or  like  a  snake, 
snakelike:  serpentine:  winding.  2.  Insinuating:  cunning; 
treacherous.    3.  [U.  S.)  Full  of  snakes. 


l:a=  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle:    au  =  out;    oil;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  sin(7;    fhin,   this. 
735       2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   lull,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go.,   gem;    ink;    thin,    this. 


smitten 
snob 


Snake2,  n.  A  navigable  river  in  S.  Idaho;  939  m.  long;  prin- 
cipal tributary  of  the  Columbia  river. 

snap,  1  snap;  2  snap,  v.  [snapped1  or  snapt8;  snap'ping.] 
I.  t.  1.  To  cause  to  make  a  sharp,  quick  sound,  as  of 
percussion;  strike,  press,  shut,  etc.,  with  a  snap;  as,  to 
snap  a  whip  or  a  bolt.  2.  To  break  suddenly  with  a 
cracking  noise.  3.  [U.  S.]  To  send  through  the  air  by  a 
snap;  flip.  4.  To  seize  suddenly;  snatch:  often  with 
up.  5.  To  interrupt  petulantly:  frequently  with  up. 
6.    [Colloq.]     To   photograph   instantaneously.      II.  i. 

I.  To  emit  a  sharp,  cracking  sound.  2.  To  break  sud- 
denly; part  with  a  snap.  3.  To  fly  out  quickly,  as  when 
a  tension  is  relaxed  suddenly.  4.  To  seize  or  attempt  to 
seize  anything  eagerly:  usually  with  at.  5.  To  make  the 
jaws  come  suddenly  together  in  an  effort  to  bite.  6.  To 
emit,  or  seem  to  emit,  a  spark  or  flash  of  light:  said  of  the 
eyes.  7.  To  speak  sharply  and  abruptly.  8.  To  miss 
fire,  as  a  firearm.  [<  D.  snappen,  snap.] — snap'- 
drag"on,  n.  1.  A  plant  having  solitary  axillary  flowers, 
likened  to  dragons'  heads.  1.  A  game  in  which  raisins,  etc., 
are  snatched  from  burning  brandy. 
— snap 'per,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that 
which  snaps,  as  a  cracker.  2.  A 
large  food-fish  of  the  Gulf  coast,  as 
the  red  snapper.  3.  A  snapping 
turtle. — snap'plng=bee"tle,  n.  A 
beetle  so  named  from  its  righting 
Itself,  when  on  its  back,  with  a  snap-  Snapping  Turtle.  i/i« 
ping  sound. — snapping  turtle,   a 

large  voracious  turtle  of  North  America.  snap'=tur"tlet. 
— snap'sshot",  n.  1.  A  shot  without  deliberate  aim.  2. 
An  instantaneous  photograph. 

snap,  a.  1.  Made  or  done  suddenly  and  without  consid- 
eration; as,  a  snap  shot.  2.  Contrived  to  take  unawares 
and  at  an  advantage;  as,  a  snap  policy. 

snap,  n.  1.  The  act  of  snapping,  or  a  sharp,  quick  sound 
produced  by  it.  2.  A  sudden  breaking  of  anything,  or 
the  sound  so  produced.  3.  Any  fastener  or  other  device 
that  closes  or  springs  into  place  with  a  snapping  sound. 
4.  A  sudden  seizing  or  effort  to  seize  with  or  as  with  the 
teeth;  a  sharp  shutting,  as  of  the  jaws  or  of  a  trap.  5. 
A  quick  blow  of  the  thumb  sprung  from  the  finger  or  of 
the  finger  from  the  thumb,  or  the  sudden  release  of  the 
tension  of  a  spring  or  elastic  cord.  6.  A  small,  thin, 
crisp  cake,  usually  containing  ginger;  a  gingersnap.  7. 
[Colloq.]  Brisk  energy;  vigor  of  character  or  style. 
8.  A  brief  spell;  a  quick  turn:  said  chiefly  of  cold 
weather.  9.  A  hasty  meal;  snack. — snap 'pish,  a.  1. 
Apt  to  speak  petulantly  or  tartly.  2.  Disposed  to  snap,  as  a 
dog.  Syn.:  see  fretful.— snap'pish-ly,  adv.—  snap'plsh- 
uess,  n.— snap'py,  a.  1§.  Snappish.  2.  [U.  S.J  Brisk, 
vivid,  and  energetic;  vivacious. 

stare,  1  snar;  2  snar.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [snared;  snar'ing.] 
To  catch  with  a  snare;  use  snares;  ensnare;  entrap. 
21.  n.  1.  A  device,  as  a  noose,  for  catching  birds  or 
other  animals;  a  gin;  trap.  2.  An  allurement;  wile. 
3.  A  cord  to  produce  a  rattling  on  a  drum«head.  4.  A 
snare-drum.  [<  AS.  snear,  string,  <  V  of  OHG. 
snerhan,  bind.]—  snare'sdrum",  n.  A  small  drum  having 
snares  stretched  across  one  head  and  beaten  on  the  other. 

snarl1,  1  snarl;  2  snarl.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  growl  harshly,  as 
a  dog;  speak  angrily  and  resentfully;  utter  with  a  snarl. 

II.  n.  A  sharp,  harsh,  angry  growl;  harsh  or  quarrel- 
some utterance;  a  quarrel.  [<  MD.  snarren.] — 
snarl'er1,  n. — snarl'y,  a.    Snappish;  surly,  ill-tempered. 

snarl2,  l.vt.&vi.  1.  To  put  or  get  into  a  snarl  or  tangle. 
2.  To  emboss  or  flute  (hollow  metal" ware).  II.  n.  1. 
A  tangle,  as  of  hair  or  yarn;  hence,  any  entanglement, 
2.  [Colloq.]  A  wrangle;  quarrel.  3.  A  knot  or  gnarl  in 
wood.  [Freq.  of  snare.] — snarl'er2,  n. — snarling 
l"ron,  n.  A  curved  tool  for  snarling  or  fluting  hollow 
metal-ware  or  other  objects.  snarl'lng  =  tool"I. 
snatch, )  1  snacli;  2  snach.  I1,  vt.  &  vi.  To  seize  suddenly, 
snach1  ',  J  hastily,  or  eagerly:  often  figuratively  :  sometimes 
with  at.  II.  n.  1.  An  act  of  snatching;  a  grab.  2.  A 
portion  snatched  or  grabbed;  a  bit,  as  oi  food;  also,  u 
short  period  of  action  or  of  rest;  a  turn.  3.  An  insig- 
nificant or  irrelevant  remark  or  reply,  a  quibble.  |< 
snack,  v.]  Syn.:  see  CATCH,  snatch 'er,  /».  — snatch'y,  a. 
Interrupted;  spasmodic. 

snathfe1',  1  sneth;  2  snath,  n .     The  long  curved  handle  of 

a  scythe.  Written  also,  in  England,  sncacl,  sliced,  etc. 
I  <  AS.  m&d,  perh.  <  miWiiin.  out.] 

suaw.  1  sn6;2sna,  v.  *  n.  [Scot.]  Snow. 

snaw'=broo",  1  sn6''brQ';iJ  8na'»bru*,  n.  [Scot.]  Snow-water. 

sneak,  1  snlk;  2  snek.  I',  vi.  1.  To  move  or  go  in  a 
stealthy  manner.  2.  To  act  with  covert  cowardice 
or  severity.  3.  To  pilfer.  II.  n.  One  who  sneaks;  a 
mean,  cowardly  fellow.    [<  AS.  snir.an,  creep  I  sncak- 


ert. — sneak'=cup"t,  n.  A  drinker  who  refuses  his  glass, 
hence,  one  of  no  spirit.  s.  =  upt. — sneak'lng,  pa.  1.  Cring- 
ing. 2.  Secretly  entertained  or  cherished,  as  a  fancy.  Syn.: 
see  base. — sneak'lng-ly,  adv. — sneakts,  pp.  Sneaked.— 
sneak 'y,  a.    Like  a  sneak;  sneaking. — sneak 'I-ness,  n. 

sneap,  1  snip;  2  sn6p.  I.  vt.  [Prov.  Eng.  or  Archaic]  To 
reprimand;  rebuke.    II.  n.    A  reprimand;  check. 

sneck",  1  snek;  2  snek,  vt.  [Prov.  Brit.]  To  latch,  or  close, 
as  a  door.— sneck  upt,  snick  upt,  shut  up;  keep  still. 

sneck2',  vt.  [Scot.]  To  nick;  cut;  snick.    [=  snick*,  v.] 

sneck3',  i,t_    To  snatch.    [<  MD.  snacken,  snatch.] 

sneck',  ».  [Prov.  Brit.]  1.  A  latch  or  catch,  as  of  a  door. 
2.  A  piece  of  land  jutting  into  an  adjoining  field.  [< 
snack.) — sneck '=draw"er,  n.  One  who  lifts  a  latch;  a 
thief;  dishonest  person. — s.sdrawing,  a.  [sneck'ett. 

sneck2,  n.     A  click,  as  of  a  latch;  a  snap.     [  <  sneck8,  v.] 

sneer,  1  snlr;  2  sner,  vt.  &  vi.  To  utter  with  a  sneer; 
affect  by  a  sneer;  express  contempt  by  a  sneer.  [  <  D. 
snserre,  snarl.]    Syn.:  see  scoff;  scorn.— sneer'er,  n. 

sneer,  n.  1.  A  grimace  of  contempt  or  derision.  2.  A 
contemptuous  insinuation;  a  fling. 

Syn.:  fling,  gibe,  jeer,  scoff,  taunt.  A  sneer  may  be  simply 
a  contemptuous  facial  contortion  or  some  brief  satirical  ut- 
terance that  throws  a  contemptuous  side-light  on  what  It 
attacks  without  attempting  to  prove  or  disprove.  The  jeer 
and  gibe  are  uttered;  the  gibe  is  bitter,  and  often  sly  or 
covert;  the  jeer  is  rude  and  open.  A  scoff  may  be  in  act  or 
word,  and  is  commonly  directed  against  that  which  claims 
honor,  reverence,  or  worship.  A  depreciatory  implication 
may  be  given  in  a  sneer  such  as  could  only  be  answered  by 
elaborate  argument  or  proof,  which  would  seem  to  give  the 
attack  undue  importance:  Who  can  refute  a  sneer?  Paley 
Moral  Philosophy  bk.  v,  ch.  lx.  A  fling  Is  careless  and  com- 
monly pettish;  a  taunt  Is  Intentionally  insulting  and  pro- 
voking; the  sneer  is  supercilious;  the  taunt  is  defiant.  See 
scorn.  Compare  synonyms  for  banter;  ridicule;  scorn. 
— Prep.:  at.— sneer  'lng-ly,  adv. 

sneez(ep,  1  sniz;  2  snez.  1.  vi.  [sneez(e)db;  sneez'ing.] 
1.  To  drive  air  forcibly  through  the  nose,  by  a  spas- 
modic involuntary  action.  2.  To  utter  with  or  as  with 
a  sneeze:  often  with  out.  II.  n.  An  act  of  sneezing. 
sneez'ing]:.    (<  AS.  fneosan,  sneeze.] 

snell,  1  snel;  2  snel,  a.  1.  [Scot.]  Sharp;  keen;  severe.  2t. 
Nimble.    [<  AS.  snel.]  (longer  line. 

snell,  n.    A  short  line  bearing  a  flsh»hook,  to  be  attached  to  a 

snick",  1  snik;  2  snik,  vt.  1.  [Scot.]  To  snip,  as  with  scissors; 
cut;  nick.  2.  [Prov.  Eng.]  Cricket.  To  hit  (a  ball)  lightly  or 
glancingly.    [<  Ice.  snikka.  clip.] 

snick2',  vt.    [Prov.  Brit.)    Same  as  sneck1. 

snick,  n.  [Prov.  Eng.)  1.  A  small  cut;  nick;  snip.  2.  A  knot 
in  thread  or  the  like.  3.  Cricket.  A  glancing  hit. — snick 
and  snee,  snick  or  snee||,  a  fight  with  knives;  also, 
humorously,  a  knife,    snick '=assnee"t;  snlck'er-snce"t. 

snick'er,  1  snik'ar;  2  snlk'er.  l.vt.&vi.  To  utter  with  a 
snicker;  laugh  slyly  and  foolishly;  giggle.  II.  n.  A  half" 
repressed  or  smothered  laugh.    [Imitative]    snig'ger|. 

sniff,  )  1  snif ;  2  snif.    I',  vt.  &  vi.    1.  To  breathe  through 

snifp,  J  the  nose  in  short,  quick  inhalations:  sometimes 
as  an  expression  of  contempt,  etc.:  often  with  at.  2.  To 
express  by  sniffs.  II.  n.  1.  An  act  of  sniffing.  2.  Per- 
ception by  or  as  by  sniffing.     [  <  Dan.  snive,  sniff.] 

snlg'ger,  v.  &  n.    Same  as  snicker. — snig'ger-er,  n. 

snig'gle,  1  snig'l;  2  snlg'l,  v.  [mnig'gled;  snig'gmng.] 
[Eng.]  I.  t.  1.  To  catch,  as  eels,  by  thrusting  the  bait 
into  their  hiding-places.  2.  To  entrap,  as  in  a  net ;  en- 
snare. II.  i.  To  fish  for  eels  by  thrusting  the  bait  into 
their  hiding-places.     [  <  Prov.  Eng.  anig,  eel.] 

snip,  1  snip;  2  snip,  u.     [snipped',  snipt9;  hnip'ping  | 

I.  t.  To  cut  with  a  short,  light  stroke  of  scissors  or 
shears:  often  with  ofi ;  also,  to  produce  by  such  cutting. 

II.  i.  To  make  snips;  clip.  [<  1).  snippen,  snip.] — 
snip,  n.  1.  An  act  of  snipping.  '£.  A  small  piece  snipped 
oil.  3.  Anything  small;  specif  (/)/.),  small  shears,  -snlp'- 
py,  </.    I.  Fragmentary.    2.  [Slang.]  Scornful;  supercilious, 

snipe,  1  snail);  2  snip,  vt.  To  shoot  from  cover,  as  if  shoot- 
ing snipe. —  snlp'cr,  n  One  who  shoots  an  enemy  from 
cover,     snlp'lng,  n.    Sharp-shooting. 

snipe,  n.  1.  A  small  shore-bird  having  a  long  beak,  and 
esteemed  as  a  game-bird.  See  iiiKD.  2.  [<  Ice.  sni pa, 
snipe,  <   V  of  snip.)—  snlp'y,  a. 

Slllv'cl.  1  sniv'l;2snlv'l.  1.  vi.  [SNrv'ELED or SNIV'BLLKD, 
sniv'ei.d";  sniv'el-ino  or  SNIV'BL-LINQ.]     To  cry  in  a 

snuffling  manner;  run  at  the  nose;  snuffle;  male  af- 
fectedly tearful  professions,     II.  n.     I.  Discharge  from 
the  nose     2.  The  act  of  sniveling.    |  <  AS.  snofl,  mUOU  I  I 
— sulv'el-er,  n.     snlv'cl-lert.     snlv'cl-lng,  pa.  4  rt. 
snob,    1    snob;  \>   snob,    11.      I.    One    who   makes   birth    01 

wealth  the  Hole  criterion  oi  worth,  and  is  oringipq  to 
superiors  and  overbearing  with  inferiors  in  position; 
also,  any  vulgar  pretender  to  gentility.  2.  [Prov.  Bng.j 
A  scab;  rat:  said  of  a  working  man.      |  •      Ice,  :<napr. 


•  II I 


I   I      fat.  fart-.    ':.  ■  .  I  I  «V    nOt.Ar;   full.  rOlc.    Lilt,  hOrn; 

fa»i,  what,  nil;  ml,  gtt.  prty.  flrn;  hit,  Toe;  I-  e;  I  ■••  ■*•«»•  w.wta, 


736 


sll.ih 

ItHMMt, 

slUHllf. 

II 

ISMfl  . 


■.imlm 
-l\  .  - 

I. 

•  n^hih  .  dose 
[  Imitative  | 
I.  inor'ino  1     1'.. 

II 
v- 
-ii.iri.  .  I  i  utter  with  a 

.-il>-  through 

II.  Illl. I.. I 

^    -i  nnohi  ]     >nort  'or,  n. 
moi,  i    Mucus  from  ur  in  tin-  nose 

sunlit.  I    .  ■  ■■■%  ide  with  a  sunlit 

II.  i  a  .r.i  projecting  pari  "t  a 

.  1.  mosaic     'i.  Something  rracmbung  a  hog's 

e  or  the  like      [ME    smite;   op    Q. 

inoal    beetle,  n.    <  toe  of 

etc 

own .  .  l.i.  ibatruol  with 

•    ...■•     'i.  To  1st  fall  liK •■ 

II.  .v  fall 

<n.i»  .  i.  ipitatioo  taking  the  form  of  minute 

.    from  aqueoufl  vapor  in  tin-  air. 


Snow-crystals. 
and  usually  falling  in  irregular  masses  or  flakes.     2. 
thing    that    I  .'         S.    A    fill    of    snow; 

•I.    A    winter.      [<    A8  .    -now.] — 

■h  iiiii".    I.       a  i"  throw  snowballs.    II.  n.    1. 

ill  round  mass  of  snow,   to   be  thrown  as  In  sport. 
Haebaped  clusters  of 
wWte  rael'der«roae"t;    snow 'ball'bush"    or 

•tree":.     ^no«  'bird",  n     a  small  (Inch,  of  northern  North 
In  docks  during  winter,     snow's 
blind",  a.     Affected  with  snow-bllndncss.  — s.*bllndness, 
n.    An  imp.  on,  caused  by  exposure  of  the  eye 

to  the  glare  of  snow  s.  'bound,  n.  Hemmed  in  or  con- 
fined In  pit  ).  broth,  n.  Snow  anil  Water 
mixed:  hei.  cold  liquid. — s.ibuutlng,  n.  A 
bird  of  northern  regions,  the  male  of  which  In  tin-  breeding' 
season  Is  snow-white,  with  black  ■  S.adxtlt,  n.  A 
pile  of  snow  heaped  up  by  the  wind  snow 'drop",  n.  A 
.-..[x-an  i.arly-bloomlng  bulbous  plant  snow 'fall", 
1.  imount  of  snow  that  falls  in  a  given  period.  'I. 
A  gentle  fall  of  snow:  distinguished  from  nmi-slorm. — 
-now  'flake",  n.  1.  one  of  the  small  feathery  masses  In 
which  snow  falls.  'I.  The  nnnw.hnnt.lng  :{.  one.  of  various 
plants  allied  to  and  resembling  the  snowdrop. — s.=plow,  n. 
1.  A  iniv  ptow-U  '  ir  clearing  rallwaytracks  of 
snow.  2.  An  A-shaped  snow-scraisr  for  clearing  roads. — 
-.  -hei).  ■,  •  ■  -  structure  bull!  over  portions  of  a 
railway,  a-                             from 

-      -lo.e.      r,  A 

a    network  of 

sinew    In  a  wooden  frame,  to 

be   fasten"!   on   the  foot  by  a 

strap  across  the  toes,  as  a  .-iiow-shoe. 

.n   walking    over    snow; 

.   -•         >no»  '-Iblc",  n.      An  avalanche    snow 'slip"-. 

— g.rttorm  .Ith   (ailing  snow       s.^water,  n. 

-     white,  a.      White  as  snow. 

-non  1 .  i.  Abounding  In 

or  t .  ;  snow  'l-ly,  adt. 

•  nn«  'l-ri • — . 

mm  .  n.    a  two-masted  square-rigged  vessel  closely  rescm- 

oout-l 
IIbow  'don.  1  snO'dan;  2  snOMon,  • 

i  ft.  high:  the  tin  England  and  Wales, 

-nub.  .  I.  -t     [shubbed;  bnub'binq.]    1. 

•    i. off;  slight.     '£.  To  bring 
rope  hi  running  out.  or  a  I 
vessel:  often  with  up.     3.  To  tie  or  make  fast.      4t-  To 
stunt;  nip.     II.  a.   Short;  pug:  said  of  the  nose. 


I-     I. 


III.       |.  \i:  1. 1  ..i  snubbing     '*.  \  smil>  no 

b   '■•  r.  snub     DOSSd*,  0 

sunn  ,i  i  .    •  .\    .     i.  i '..  draw  in  (til  oi 

Sinn  .i         i    through  thi   ■  '-•   l  ••  catch  tin    •  ■  mi 

l,c  01  use  inufl      II.  •       l.    \n 
i  snuffing;  sniff;  also,  perception  b\  smellii 
Pulverised  tobacci    to  be  inhaled  into  the  nostrils     .1. 
mi  did  ..ii   powdei    '■•  be  drawn   into  the 
[<  MD  p  smi  i  |     MnilT'-bov". 

.11  box  for  carrying  snufl  about  the  person      s.  color, 
ii     The  color  of  .sniirt.  yellowish  brown      I.  colored,  a 

snuffer',  n        I.    Ono  Who  0T    Hial    which  stiull  I       '!.    I  lie 

porpoise     siiufT')..j      Pertaining  i"  "r  like  ■null;  Boiled 

Willi   sllllff         MUlf'tl-l>.  sllllf   tt-llcss,  fl 

-iniif       i  .  I'n  crop  the  snufl  from  (a  wiok).     II-  ". 

The  charred  portion  ol  a  wiok,  I-  Bw,  dial  sndspa, 
snip  i    snuffer',  n     I.  One  who  snuffs  (a  oandle)     'i. /ii. 

\  lsaon>llke  Instrument  for  removing  the  .snuff  from  a 
can. tie      p.ilr  ol  snuffers;. 

Miiif'ilr,  i  1  snufl;  2  snail      I.  at,  A  n.     hn'inn. 

snufl1 ,  (bni  i'mim.]    To  breathe  with  difficulty  and 

somewhat  noisily  through  the ■;  also,  to  talk  through 

the  nose;  snivel;  to  sing  or  utter  in  a  whimpering,  nasal 
manner,  II-  a.  !•  An  act  ol  snuffling,  or  the  Bound 
made  by  it.    '£■  pi.  Nasal  catarrh     :i.  An  affected  nasal 

twang; 'hence,  cant.    [1'r.  . )    ..!~'.im\.    |      Mlllf  HtT,  Fl. 
SIIUR.  1  snug;  2  snug,  V.     |s\i  ....i  n;  sm  i.'i.im;  ]     1. 1.    To 
make  snug,  smooth,  or  neat.      II.  i.    'J'o  snuggle. 

snug,  a  I-mi.i.ik;  smi.'..i~i  I  I,  Closely  and  com- 
fortably sheltered,  covered,  or  situated,  'i.  ('lose  or 
compact;  having  room  enough,  but  no!  t  ••<>  much;  com- 
fortable; cosy;  also,  having  everything  closely  secured; 
trim:  Baidofaship,  8.  Fitting  closely  du1  comfortably, 
as  a  garment.  I<  Ice.  snbggr,  smooth  ]  Syn.:  see coifFOBT- 
aiu.h:.  snug'ger-y,  n.  [-ie.sz,  /)/.]  [Colloq.]  A  cosy  and 
comfortable  place  or  room.— snug 'gle,r<  &  >t    [bnuo'oled; 

sm  i.'oi.im.  ]  'I'm  draw  close:  nestle:  cuddle:  often  with  up 
OTtoOttlur       snug'l).  mli.      siiug'ness,  n. 

snug,  rt.    Wecl    A  projection,  flange,  catch,  or  the  like. 

so,  1  so;  Z  so,  adv.  1.  To  this  or  thai  or  such  a  degree;  to 
this  or  that  extent;  in  the  same  degree,  quantity,  or 
proportion,  'i-  In  this,  that,  or  such  a  manner;  in  the 
same  or  a  like  or  corresponding  maimer;  in  the  manner 
mentioned.  3.  Just  as  said,  directed,  suggested,  or  im- 
plied; also,  according  to  fact:  referring  to  B  preceding 
(sometimes  following)  statement  or  suggestion  4.  To 
an  extreme  degree;  extremely;  very.  5.  By  reason  of 
this  or  that  cause;  on  account  of  this  or  that;  conse- 
quently; therefore.  6.  The  fact  being  thus:  used  as  an 
expletive.  7.  About  as  many  or  as  much  as  stated; 
thereabouts.  8.  At  all  events;  in  any  case;  at  all:  now 
only  in  the  compounds  whosoever,  whichsoever,  etc.  9. 
According  to  the  truth  of  what  is  sworn  to  or  averred: 
said  in  oaths  or  asseverations;  as,  so  help  me  God  10. 
[Colloq]  Indeed!  elliptical  for  is  it  xu.'  11  §.  So  as  to 
follow  immediately;  then;  therefore.  12||.  Let  it  be 
thai  way;  very  well.  [<  AS.  stud,  so.]— so  called, 
called  as  stated:  generally  stylid  thus:  usually  Implying  a 
doubtful  or  Improper  form.— so'=so",  a.  &  adv.     Passable. 

so,  conj.     Provided  that;  on  condition  that. 

so.      lerj.    Stand  as  you  are;  stop.     sofiT-  (South. 

S.    O.,   nbbr.      Suboftlcc— s.   O.,   Seller's   option.  — So.,   nlihr. 

soak1,  1  s6k;  2  sok,  v.    I.  t.    1.  To  place  in  liquid  till  the 

liquid  has  thoroughly  permeated  the  substance  so 
placed;  Bteep.  'i.  To  wei  thoroughly;  saturate;  drench; 
a-,  the  nun  S0O&S  the  earth.  3.  To  imbibe  through  the 
in  ires;  sink  in:  absorb:  with  in  or  up.  4.  To  drink,  espe- 
cially to  excess;  guzzle.  5.  To  work  or  effect,  as  a  way 
or  passage,  by  permeation.  II.  i.  1.  To  lie  or  remain 
in  liquid  till  saturated  '£.  To  penetrate  through  pores 
or  interstice-;  permeate;  with  in,  into,  or  through.  3.  To 
drink  to  excess.  [<  AS.  socian,  <  xUcan,  suck.]— soak'- 
age,  n.  The  process  of  soaking,  or  the  state  of  being 
soaked:  also,  the  quantity  of  liquid  that  soaks  In  or  through, 
soak'er,  n.  1.  one  who  or  that  which  soaks.  2. 
[Colloq.]   A  habitual  drunkard.—  soak 'Ing-Iy,  adv. 

soak,  1  sok ;  2  sok,  n.    1.  The  process  or  aci  of  soaking,  or 

of  being  soaked.    '£.  Liquid  in  which  something  is 

Iced     8.  [Colloq.]  A  hard  drinker;  a  drinking«sprpe. 

soak'y,  1  sok'i;  2  sok'y,  a.  1.  Covered  or  filled  with 
hire;    teeped;  soggy.    2.  (Prov.  Kng  ]  Effeminate. 

soap,  1  sop;  2  sSp.  !'•  rf.  To  rub  with  soap;  put  soap  on 
II.  n.  Any  compound  formed  by  the  union  of  a  fatty 
acid  with  a  base,  especially  a  compound  of  a  fat  with 
SB  alkali,  as  potash  or  soda,  used  for  cleansing  purposes. 
[  <  AS.  sape;  akin  to  sap,  resin,  or  sxp,  sap.)  — Castile  soap, 
a  white  hard  soap  made  with  olive-oil.  Marseilles  ».f, 
olhe nil  s.:;  Spanish  s.t;  Venetian  s.J.— soap'bark",  n. 
The  bark  of  a  largo  Chilean  evergreen  tree,  or  of  a  large 


1:9=  final;    1  =  habit;    able;    au  =  otd;    ell;    lu  —  teud;    <<hin;    go;    13  =  sing;    Chin,   ttiis. 
737      2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,  but,   burn;  6il,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


snood 
soever 


Venezuelan  tree,  used  as  a  substitute  for  soap. — soap 'bark 
tree",  re.     Either  of  the  two  trees  producing  soapbark.— 
soap'*bub"ble,  re.    1.  An  Inflated  bubble  of 
Boap»suds.   forming   a    hollow   globule.     2. 
Hence,  anything  fair  and    unsubstantial. — 
soap'stone",  n.      Massive   talc. — s.=suds, 
n.  sing.  &  pi.    Soapy  water,  especially  when 
worked    into   a   foam. — soap'wort",  n.    A 
perennial  having  clusters  of  pink  or  whitish, 
often  double  flowers:  so  called  because  its 
juice    forms   a   lather   with    water. — 
soap'y,  a.    [soap'i-er;  soap'i-est.1    1. 
Resembling  or  consisting  of  soap.    2. 
Smeared  with  soap. — soap'1-ness,  n. 
soar,  1  sor;  2  sor.     I.  vi.     1.  To  float 
aloft  through  the  air  on  wings,  as  a 
bird;  in  a  restricted  sense,  to  sail 
through  the  air  without  perceptibly  Common  Soapwort. 
moving  the  wings,  as  a  hawk  or  an 
eagle.     2.    Aero.    To  glide  without       "'  " B1Dg,e  *ower- 
losing  altitude.     3.   To  rise  in  thought;  aspire.    II.  n. 
An  act  of  soaring;  a  range  of  upward  flight.     [<   F. 
essorer,  <  L.  ex,  out,  +  aura,  breeze,  air.]     Syn.:  see  fly. 
sob,  1  seb;  2  sob,  v.     [sob(be)ds;  sob'bing  ]     I.  t.     To 
utter  with  sobs,  or  to  affect  by  sobs.    II.  i.    1.  To  catch 
the  breath  with  a  convulsive  movement,  as  in  weeping. 
2.  To  make  a  sound  like  a  sob,  as  the  wind.     [Imit.] 
sob,  n.    A  convulsive  inhalation  of  air  under  the  impulse 
of  painful  or  hysterical  emotion,  and  usually  accompa- 
nied with  tears;  the  act  or  the  sound  of  sobbing;  also, 
any  similar  sound,  as  of  the  wind. 
so'ber,  1  so'bar;  2  sS'ber.     I.  vt.  &  vi.     To  make  or  be- 
come sober;  render  or  become  grave  or  thoughtful.    [  < 
L.LL  sobrius,  <  se-  prlv.  +  ebrius.  Intoxicated.] 
so'ber,  o.    1.  Possessing  properly  controlled  faculties.    2. 
Grave;  sedate.    3.  Not  under  the  influence  of  an  intoxi- 
cant.   4.  Moderate  in  or  abstinent  from  the  use  of  in- 
toxicating  drink.     5.  Of  subdued  or  modest  color. 

Syn.:  abstemious,  abstinent,  calm,  collected,  cool,  dis- 
passionate, moderate,  quiet,  regular,  sane,  staid,  steady, 
temperate,  unimpassioned.  unintoxicated.  See  sad;  sane; 
sedate;  serious. — Ant.:  agitated,  crazy,  drunk,  drunken, 
ecstatic,  excited,  extravagant,  extreme,  frantic,  furious,  im- 
moderate, Impassioned,  intemperate,  Intoxicated,  passion- 
ate, unreasonable. — so'ber-ly,  adv. — so'bersmlnd"ed,  a. 
Having  a  cool,  dispassionate  mind;  staid. — s.=mlndedness, 
n. — so'ber-ness,  n. — so-bri'e-ty,  n.  The  state  of  being 
sober.  Syn.:  see  abstinence. 
So"bl-es'ki,  1  so"bI-es'ki;  2  so'bi-es'kl,  John  (1624-1696). 

King  of  Poland  (John  III.) ;  raised  siege  of  Vienna,  1683. 
so"brl-quet',  1  so"bri-ke';  2  so"bri-ke',  re.    A  fanciful  or  hu- 
morous appellation.    [F.j    sou"bri"quet'J. 
Soc,  abbr.     Society,  Socrates. 
soc,  re.    Same  as  soke. 

soc 'age,  1  sek'ij;  2  sdc'ag,  re.  Feudal  Law.  The  tenure  of 
lands  by  any  fixed  and  determinate  service,  as  distinguished 
from  military  tenure  or  villenage.  [OF.] 
soc'cer,  1  sok'ar;  2  soc'er,  n.  [Colloq.j  Football  played  under 
the  rules  of  the  Football  Association.  [Cor.  of  association.] 
SO'cia-bl(ep,  1  so'slia-bl;  2  so'sha-bl.  I.  a.  1.  Inclined  to 
seek  company;  social.  2.  Agreeable  in  company;  com- 
panionable; genial.  II.  n.  1.  [U.  S.]  An  informal 
social  gathering,  so'cial  !.  2.  A  foumvheeled  open 
pleasure=carriage  with  seats  facing.  [F.,  <  L.  sociabilis, 
<  socius;  see  society.]  Syn.:  see  amicable;  friendly. — 
so'cla-bl(e-nessp,  re.  so"eIa-bll'i-ty  J. — so'cia-bly,  adv. 
So'cial,  1  so'sliol;  2  so'shal,  a.  1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  so- 
ciety; relating  to  persons  as  living  in  society  or  to  the 
public  as  an  aggregate  body.  2.  Disposed  to  hold  friend- 
ly intercourse  with  others;  sociable.  3.  Constituted 
to  live  in  society;  having  developed  or  fulfilled  tenden- 
cies to  organize  in  society  as  a  race  or  people;  as,  social 
beings.  4.  Zool.  (1)  Living  in  communities;  as,  social 
ants  or  bees.  (2)  Aggregate;  compound;  colonial.  |< 
I,,  socialis,  <  socin:<;  sec  soru-.n  I  Syn.:  see  friendly; 
good.— so"cl-al'l-ty,  re.  1.  The  state  or  character  of  being 
social;  sociability,  2.  A  social  custom  or  action,  social- 
ize, V.  I.  I.  [-IZED;  -IZ"INO.J  To  cause  t-i  be  social.  II.  f. 
I.  To  be  social  or  sociable.  2.  To  regulate  by  or  adapt,  to 
socialistic  principles.  so'clai-lsct.  -so"clal-l-za'tion, 
so"clal-l-sa'tlon,  re. — so'clal-ly,  adv. — so'clal-ness,  n. 
so'clal-lsm,  1  so'snal-izm;  2  so'shal  i  in,  n  I.  A  theory 
of  civil  polity  that  aims  at  the  public  colli  Ctive  owner- 
ship of  land  and  capital,  and  the  public  collective  man- 
agement of  all  industries.  2.  The  organized  movement 
which  aims  at  the  realization  of  such  a  slate  of  society. 

3.  The  philosophy  which  holds  that  the  modern  social 

and  economic  conditions  make  for  a  socialist  order,  and 

which  favors  the  principle  of  .such  an  order  as  against 
the  prevailing  social  system 

Syn.:  collectivism,  communism     .Socialism,  as  defined  by 


Its  advocates.  Is  a  purely  economic  term  (see  def.  1,  above), 
applying  to  landownershlp  and  productive  capital.  Many 
socialists  call  themselves  collectivists,  and  their  system  col- 
lectivism. Communism  would  divide  all  things,  Including 
the  profits  of  individual  labor,  among  members  of  the  com- 
munity; many  of  its  advocates  would  abolish  marriage  and 
the  family  relation. — so'cial-ist.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  social- 
ism.   II.  re.    An  advocate  of  socialism. — so"cial-ls'tic,  a. 

so-ci'e-ty,  1  so-sai'i-ti;  2  so-ci'e-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi.]  1. 
The  collective  body  of  persons  composing  a  community, 
or  the  aggregation  of  such  communities.  2.  Any  body 
of  persons  connected  by  some  tie;  an  incorporated 
religious  congregation.  3.  The  more  favored  or  fashion- 
able class  of  a  community:  often  used  attributively.  4. 
Companionship;  fellowship.  [<  F.  societe,  <  L.  societas,  < 
socius,  companion,  <  sequor.  follow.]     Syn.:  see  association. 

So-ci'e-ty  Is 'lands.  A  group  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean;  650  sq. 
m.;  pop.  19,000;  under  French  control. 

So-cin'i-an,  1  so-sin'i-an;  2  so-fln'i-an.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to 
either  or  both  of  the  Italian  theologians  named  Socinus,  or 
to  their  religious  teachings,  as  the  denial  of  the  Trinity,  of 
the  personality  of  the  devil,  of  the  natural  depravity  of  man, 
of  vicarious  atonement,  and  of 'eternal  punishment.  II.  re. 
A  believer  in  the  Socinian  theology. — So-cin'i-an-lsm,  re. 

So-ci'nus,  1  so-sai'nus;  2  so-ci'nus,  re.  1.  Faustus  (1539- 
1604),  an  Italian  theologian  and  rationalist.  2.  Lsellus 
(1525-1562),  an  Italian  religious  reformer. 

soclol.,  abbr.    Sociology. 

so"ci-ol'o-gy,  1  so"sni-ol'o-ji ;  2  s6"shi-61'o-gy,  n.  The 
science  that  treats  of  the  origin  and  history  of  human 
society  and  social  phenomena,  the  progress  of  civiliza- 
tion, and  the  laws  controlling  human  intercourse. — 
so"ci-o-log'i-cal,  a.    -ly,  adv. — so"ci-ol'o-gist,  re. 

Soc.  Isl.,  abbr.    Society  Islands. 

sock,  1  sok;  2  sok,  n.  1.  A  short  stocking.  2.  The  light 
shoe  worn  by  comic  actors  in  the  Greek  and  Roman  dra- 
ma; hence,  comedy.     [  <  AS.  socc,  <  L.  soccus,  slipper] 

sock'et,  1  sok'et;  2  sok'et,  n.  A  cavity  or  an  opening 
specially  adapted  to  receive  and  hold  some  correspond- 
ing piece.    [  <  L.OF  soccus,  slipper.] 

Soc'ra-tes,  1  sok'ra-tlz;  2  soe'ra-teg,  re.  (460-399  B.  C.)  An 
Athenian  philosopher;  the  chief  character  in  the  dialogs  of 
Plato:  accused  of  impiety  and  innovation,  he  was  condemned 
to  death  and  drank  poison  In  prison. 

So-crat'ic,  1  so-krat'ik;  2  so-erat'ic,  a.  Pertaining  to  or 
characteristic  of  Socrates.  So-crafi-calJ. — Socratic 
method,  the  dialectic  method  of  instruction  by  questions 
and  answers,  as  adopted  by  Socrates  in  his  disputations, 
leading  either  to  an  established  conclusion  or  to  admissions 
damaging  to  an  opponent  (a  method  called  Socratic  irony). 
— So-crat'i-cal-ly,  adv. — Soc'ra-tism,n.  The  philosophy 
or  doctrines  of  Socrates. — Soc'ra-tist,  re. 

sod,  1  sod;  2  sod.  I.  vt.  [soD'DEDd;  sod'ding.]  To  cover 
with  sod.  II.  n.  Grassy  surface=soil  held  together  by 
matted  roots;  turf;  also,  a  piece  of  such  soil;  a  turf. 
[From  its  sodden  condition  in  wet  weather.] 

sod,  imp.,  sod 'den,  pp.  of  seethe,  v. 

so 'da,  1  so'da;  2  so'da,  re.  1.  A  white  alkaline  compound, 
sodium  carbonate,  the  basis  of  salt.  2.  Any  one  of  sev- 
eral other  compounds  of  soda.  3.  [Colloq.]  Soda»water. 
[It.,  <  solido  (<  L.  solidus),  solid.] — so'da=ash",  re.  Crude 
sodium  carbonate.  —  s.  fountain,  re.  An  apparatus  from 
which  soda=water  is  drawn,  usually  containing  receptacles 
for  sirups  and  ice.  —  S.swater,  re.  An  effervescent  drink  con- 
sist mr  of  water  strongly  charged  under  pressure  with  puri- 
fled  carbon-dloxld  gas. 

so-dal'1-ty,  1  so-dal'i-ti;  2  so-daTi-ty,  n.  [-ties7,  pi.]  A 
brotherhood,  as  (II.  C.  Ch.)  for  devotional  or  chari- 
table purposes.      [  <  L.  sodalitns,  <  soilalis,  companion.] 

sod 'den,  1  sed'n;  2  sfid'n,  v.  I.  (.  To  fill  the  substance  <>t 
with  liquid;  soak;  saturate.     II.  i.     To  be  soaked  and 

softened,  as  by  water;  become  soft  orrotti  n. 
SOtl'dcil,   pa.      1.   Soaked   with   moisture;   soggy;    hence, 

saturated  with  drink;  also,  badly  baked;  doughy,  as 

bread.  '».  Appearing  as  if  boiled  or  parboiled;  bloated. 
3||.    Seethed;    boiled:    the    original    meaning.       [<    AS. 

soden,  pp.  of  seothan,  boll  1    sod  rden-ness,  n. 

sod'er||,  1  sod'ar;  2  sod'er,  v.  &  n.     Solder. 

god'ent,  a.    Budden.    sod 'ay net;  sod 'ey  net. 

so'di-um,  1  sS'di-um;  2  s5'di-am,  n.    A  silver-while  alka- 
line metallic  element:  the  base  of  soda.    See  ELEMENT, 
sodium  benzoate  (Chem.),  a  white  odorless  ponder  used  as 

an  ant  isepl  |c,  food-preservative,  etc. 
Sod'om,  1  sod'am;  2  sod'om,  re.    Mb.    A  City  on  the  shore  of 

the  Dead  Sea;  destroyed  because  oi  the  wickedness  of  its 
people.   Gen.  xiii,  10.    Sod'om-ltet  n. 
so-ev'er,  1  so-ev'or;  2  so-ev'er,  adv.    A  word  often  added 

to  hIk,,   which,   what,  lime,  etc  ,   to  form   lie-  compound 

ni ever,  etc.,  and  giving  them  a  general  or  universal 

sense:  often  used  separately;  as,  now  greal  soeva  be 
might  be. 


fat.  (In>:  fn.il.  K*t.  prfv;   Ml.  polfa       B  Bt,  •>!  full,  rfll-- :  l>nt.  bftrn; 

l  .1  •  Ill  I  ..  ,.  III.     »Oll, 


738 


- 

-   ..f  -»..l  . 

-oil. 

t. 

4. 

. 

. 

s; 

\ 

•  pillow* 

i 

I .  A  Of  1 1 1  I 

v  IIIMlMN) 

(Dull 
' 

I.  I.  Mi  ing  or  com- 

■  uuly  hj 

|ili!thli',  civirtili', 

i  In-  touch;  as, 

•..it  loud 

M 

S.  •    •  subdued 
<i.  '  ilintory; 

'. .       .  ins  or  enjoy  ing  rest ; 
» easily  touched  in  feeling;  ten- 
'>.  Me  ol  bearing  hard- 

It.  ■  •  -.  ielding  char- 
It.  1         from  mineral  salts: 

I  .'.  ed  to  atithra- 

13.  In  phonetics:  .  1 1  Sibilant 

d  to  thi  ise  in 
1 1. 
I.  fi  I  .  III.  P 

IS  ' 

-..ii  .  ii.       .'.  •(.     To  make  soft;  become 

mi  nun,  CHASTEN;  i>  II- 

•Ofl    I>  .  SOfl    III--. 

I 

-  :   ]     Sat- 
urated uith  wal<  r  <>r  D  itnl  heavy;  soaked. 
-"if'Ked:. 
M-kS)'f]                        -ho'.  intiT).     Iliillu!  anevclumatlon  lncall- 

-men. 
•.<i|-k1I"-.hi!  .  jSeltatyled; 

pretended:  usually  lnipi  tense.    [I] 

(Oil  .  I.  ■       1.    I  ..  make  dirty:  befoul.     2. 

II-  ed;  tar- 

nish.    l<    ¥.  toutller,  <    L.  sus.  swine.]     Syn.:  see  iii.km- 
i  bftls;  poixutb;  stain. 
•all*!  ttle,  with  freshly  oat,  green 

•  ■  purge  witli  green  food.    [<  F.  soiUer,  fill  ] 
■- « •  1 1  .         I.  Immaterial  mixed  with  da- 

table or  animal  matter,  constituting  thai  por- 
of  the  earth  in  which  plants  grow.    2. 
ground  in  general;  native  land;  country.     [<  I..F 
bottom.)    Sjroj  see  land. 
■•fl  .  I-  soils;  foul  matter;  a  foul  spot; 

I  in  use  with  son.1,  n. 
-■•II  ur.-t,  n.     Soiling,  or  the  condition  of  being  Boiled. 

-•■•.  n.    An  evening  social  party.  [F.] 

«miI«"-iiii- ',  .'  swa'soh'.  n.    A  fortified  cits  In  N' 

I      France;  pop.  13.000;  scene  of  severe  lighting  between 

is.  1914    1915  and  In  1918. 

so'lonra,  jum.    1. 1  r  dwell 

«o'Jurn   •  -inly;  abide  for  a  time.     II.  n.     Tem- 

:  one  in  a  foreign  land,  stay.     [< 

ub,  under.  +  diurnw,  dally.]    Syn.:  see 

tBiDt      »«'Journ-er,  n. 

■.Ik:  2  sok.  n.  Old  Eng.  Laic.  A  franchise,  privilege,  or 
jurisdiction.    [<  AS.  sOc,  <  sacan.  contend  | 
Sol  .  .  -  .1:  2s61.  n.  Thesun;  Phoebus,  theold  Italic  sun-god.  [I..] 
••■I  .  .  -oi:2s61.  a.  [It.]  The  llflh  note  of  the  diatonic 
'i.     A  com  of  Peru  and  fori 

nn;0]   .  <  hh.soiutus, 
hrns,  solid.]    sole:. 
M  .  Bob ..  -'il.,  solut.,  (Htbr.    Solution. 

■x>-la  1  .nee. 

-"I  '.»<•■.  I.  rf.  [sol'aced1;  sol'.v 

I.  .  r  in  trouble,  grief,  or  calamity;  console     '!■  Vo 

uBsuage;  mitigate,     ll. 
trouble,  or  calamity  I  which 

r  alleviation.     [  <   I 

sol'ace-ment :     (tare). 

nils,  1  sBTsa;  2  at  a  bird  related  to  the 

-..  'land    :    -i.'laiiK.M..." 

Mlar,  a      Pertaining  to  or  connected 

the  sun.     [  < 

Mlar  pJexai  largest 

:  UheUe  plexus  In  the  body,  found  behind  the  stomach. 

-•  -)  ttem,  .  olve  about  it. 

-■-l.iTi-iitn.  ]  'n-nm:  2  so-lfi'rl-um,  n.     [-ri-a.  pi.]     A 

lUn's  rays,  as  In  a  sanatorium.  (L.) 

MM,  .  -''Id:  2  sold.  imp.  ft  pp.  of  sell,  r. 

Mil'dan   ,  ;  wti'rian:  2  sol'dan.  n.    Sultan. — sol'dan-rle  ,  n. 

in     Hol'dan-r)  f, 
wild 'er,  1  sed'ar  or  sel'dar;  2  -  ler.     I.  vt.    1. 

To  unite,  at  >ldi  r,     '!.  I  o 


iiini'  ll.        i.  V  fusible  alio)  used  for  joining 

metals    applied  in  ■  melted  state      '!.  Anything 
unit.  to.  oonsolidaU  | 

sol 'tiler.  1  -.1  j.u  .  :■  I.         1. Tobi    i    oldier;pei 

form  nulii  .'.    ■    .11... i  |  T ake  ■  mere 

.    -.link:    in    i 

II.         I .   \  i"  i engaged  in  military  servioe 

i     \  private  in  a  military  body,  as distinguishi  .1  from  n 
1  ine  emploj  ed  in  military 

•  on  land,  as  distinguished  froi tewho   si 

'.*.  I  mphatically,  n  brave,  skilful,  or  experienced 
warrior  3.  [Colloq.j  One  who  makes  a  show  of  work- 
ing, but  dues  little;  ■  shirk.  4.  1 1 1  An  asexual  form 
(neutei  >.r  worker)  ol  ■  termite  or  white  ant,  in  which 
the  jaw-  ari-  largely  developed,  and  whose  offioe  is  to 
•  I.  fend  the  oommunity,  (2)  A  similar  neuter  of  certain 
true  ant.s.     [OF.,  M       oldariiu,    <   toldut,   hire.] 

s.Mi :  see  uurr.  soldier  of  fortune,  s  military  adven- 
turer; a  soldier  who  serves  where  fortune  summons  him 
s.ir.iier-i).  ,i.  Brave;  martial  sol'dler-Uket.  s.vn.: 
sis.  WABLixi  soi'iiicr-sliip,  n.  The  state  of  being  a  sol- 
dier; soldierly  oharaoter;  multarj  ability  sol'dler-y,  n.  I. 
Boldlers  collectively.  'I.  Military  servioe  Bynj  see  ibut, 
sol 'do,  l  sel'do;  8  sol'do,  n    [bol'di,  1  sel'dl;  L'  sOl'dl,  i<\  \   A 

Small  Italian  inln  WOTth   I  eent.     |It  .    ■      II.    lOHtttM,    <    L, 

sniuiu  [sole;  resole,  as  a  shoe, 

sole,  l  sol;  L'  -ol,  it.    [bolkd;  bol'ing  1    To  furnish  with  a 

sole,  .i.    I.  Being  all r  the  only  one;  existing  or  aoting 

without  another;  only;  individual.     8.  Law.  (I)   Un- 
married; single;  as,  femme  tole  (an  unmarried  woman) 
2    I  laving  exclusive  rights;  absolute:  opposed  to  joint; 
as,  a  .•-"/'  tenant,    -i  .Solitary.    [<  OF.  sot,  <  L.  sofus, 

alone]     ByZU  See  SOLITABT,      sole'ly,  adv. 

sole1,  n.    1.  The  bottom  of  the  foot.    i.  The  bottom  of  a 

shoe,  1 t,  etc,     S.  The  lower  part  of  a  thing,  or  the  part 

on  which  it  rests.     [<  AS.  sole,  <  I.,  solea,  sandal.) 
sole2,  ii.    A  flatfish,  highly  esteemed  as  food;  also,  one  of 

various    flounders.      |I'. 


<  L.  solea.  <   solea.  san 
dal.] 
SOl'e-eiMIl,  1  sol'i-sizin;    2 

soTe-elem,  «.     1.  \   irio- 
lati.ui    of    grammatical 

01  ol  i  lii   approved 
idiomatic  usage  of  lan- 
guage.     2.    Any    impropriety    or 
(ir.1'1'  toUHkos,  speaking  Incorrectly' 


Ettropi 


sol'e-rlst,  n 


[< 
One 


who  commits  solecisms.  sol"e-els'tlc,  'i.  sol"e-cls'tl- 
eal:.      sol'e-clze,  m.     SOl'e-ClSet. 

sol'emn,  11  sol'em;  2  sol'em,  a.     1.  Characterised  by 

sol 'em*,   )  majesty,  mystery,  or  power;  exciting  grave  or 

serious  thought;  impressive;  awe«inspiring.     2.  Char- 

acterized  bj  ceremonial  observances;  religious;  sacred, 

3.  Marked  by  gravity,  it.  Law.  Done  in  dm- form  of  law; 
executed  formally;  as,  a  solemn  protest.  5f.  Pertaining 
to  a  feast  or  festival.  6f>  Of  great  reputation,  dignity, 
or  importance.  [  <  F.  solennel,  <  L.  sollemnis,  annual] 
Syn.:  .see  iwotjl;  bkdate;  skhiols.— sol'em-ness,  n.  sol'- 
emn-ness:.  so-leiu'nl-ty,  n.  [-tiesz.  pl.\  1.  The  state 
or  quality  of  being  solemn;  solemn  feeling;  gravity:  rever- 
ence. 'I.  A  rile  expressive  of  religious  reverence;  also,  any 
Ceremonial  observance.  .'{.  A  thing  of  a  solemn  or  serious 
nature,  i.  Mock  seriousness;  affected  gravity.  5.  Line.  A 
formality  to  be  seriously  observed  and  requisite  to  the 
validity  or  legality  of  an  act.  Syn.:  see  sacrament. — sol'- 
ciii-ni/c,  u.  [-N1ZED;  -MZ"i.\'o\]  To  perform  or  observe 
with  solemn  ceremonies,  sol'em-nlset.  Syn.:  see  ckxo- 
BBATI  so]"em-nl-za'tlon,  n.  soI"em-nl-sa'tlont. — 
sol'em-nlz"er  or  -nls"er,  n. — sol'emn-ly,  adv. 

sol'ert.n.    A  sollar.    sol'eret. 

sol"=fa',  1  sol"«fa';  2  sol"«fa'.  ^fus.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  sing 
syllables  instead  of  words  to  notes.  II.  n.  1.  Syllables 
collectively  usedinsolmization;  the  act  of  singing  them, 
'i.  Barely,  a  scale.  [<  F.  solfier,  <  sol  +  fa.] — 
-ol"fa'l-t,  ».      \  o-acher  or  advocate  of  soUfa. 

snl'Te-rl'iio,  1  .sol'fi-rl'no:  2  sol'fe-ri'no,  n.  A  village  in  N. 
Italy,  scene  of  French  defeat  of  Austrlans,  June  24,  1859. 

so-lie'll'1,  1  BO-lis'it;  2  so-Uc'it,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  ask  for 
.  arnestlj  ,  make  entreaty.  2.  To  beg  of  persistently. 
:{.  Po  excite  desire  in;  allure;  specifically,  toi  ntice  Cone) 
to  an  unlawful  act.  [<  F.  solliciter,  <  L.  SoUicito, 
it]  Syn.:  see  ask;  plead.  —  so-lic"l-ta'tlon,  n. 
1.  Importunity.  2.  Alluring  or  enticing  influence. — so-lle'l- 
lor,  ij.  1.  An  attorney  at  law;  legal  adviser.  2.  A  person 
solicits,  so-llc'lt-ert.  so-llc'l-tor-shlp,  n.—so- 
llc'l-tous,  a.  Full  of  anxiety  or  concern,  as  for  the  attain- 
ment of  something.  Syn.:  see  urgent,  -ly,  adv.  -ness, 
n.— so-llc'l-tress  i,  n.  A  woman  who  solicits,  so-llc'l- 
trlxt.  so-llc'l-tude,n.  1.  The  state  of  being  solicitous.  2. 
That  which  makes  one  solicitous.    Syn.:  see  anxiety:  <  ake. 


l:»  =  nnal:    l  =  hablt;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  feud;    (Shin;    go;    n  =  aing;    thin,   this. 
73!)         2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;   full,  rule,  cure,   but,  burn;  611,  b6y;  to,  .gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


sofa 
some 


sol 'id,  1  sol'id;  2  sol'id.  I.  a.  1.  Having  its  constituent 
particles  so  firmly  coherent  as  to  resist  stress;  compact, 
firm,  and  unyielding:  opposed  to  fluid.  2.  Substantial; 
firm  and  stable.  3.  Filling  the  whole  of  the  space  occu- 
pied by  its  apparent  form:  completely  filled;  not  hollow. 
4.  Having  no  aperture  or  crevice;  compact.  5.  Mani- 
festing strength  and  firmness;  not  weak  or  sickly; 
sound.  6.  Characterized  by  reality;  substantial  or 
satisfactory;  not  frivolous.  7.  Exhibiting  united  and 
unbroken  characteristics;  being  or  acting  in  unison.  8. 
Having  or  relating  to  all  three  dimensions — length, 
breadth,  and  thickness.  9.  Gram.  Written  without 
hyphen  or  space.  10.  Print.  Having  no  leads  or  slugs 
between  the  lines.  II.  n.  1.  A  mass  of  matter  of  which 
the  shape  can  not  be  changed  permanently  and  greatly 
without  fracture.  2.  Geom.  A  magnitude  that  has 
length,  breadth,  and  thickness,  as  a  cone,  cube,  pyra- 
mid, prism,  or  sphere.  [<  F.  solide,  <  L.  solidus, 
dense.]'  Syn.:  (adj.)  see  firm;  hard;  impenetrable. — sol"- 
1-dar'l-ty,  re.  Coherence  and  oneness  in  nature,  relations, 
or  interests,  as  of  a  race,  class,  etc. — sol'I-da-ry,  a. — so- 
lid 'l-fy,  vt.  &  vi.  [-fied;  -fy"ing.|  1.  To  make  or  become 
solid.  2.  Figuratively,  to  bring  together  in  unity. — so-Hd"- 
1-fi-ca'tlon,  re. — so-Iid'i-ty,  re.  The  state  of  being  solid: 
(1)  The  property  of  occupying  space.  (2)  Extension  in  the 
three  dimensions  of  space.  (3)  Incompressibility. — sol 'id- 
ly, adv.— sol'id-ness',  re. 

so-lil'o-quy,  1  so-lil'o-kwi ;  2  so-M'o-kwy,  n.  [-qoiesz, 
pi.]  A  talking  to  oneself,  regardless  of  the  presence  or 
absence  of  others;  a  monolog.  [<  L.LL  solus,  alone,  + 
loquor,  talk.]— so-lii'o-quize,  vi.  [-quized;  -quiz"ing.1  To 
discourse  to  oneself,    so-lil'o-quisej. 

sol"i-taire',  1  sel"i-tar';  2  sol"i-tar',  n.  1.  A  diamond  or 
other  gem  set  alone,  as  in  a  ring.  2.  One  of  many  games 
played  by  one  person.     [F.,  <  L.  solitarius,  solitary.] 

sol'i-ta-ry,  1  sel'i-te-n;  2  sol'i-ta-ry,  a.  1.  Living  or 
being  alone.  2.  Unfrequented  by  human  beings;  se- 
cluded; lonely.  3.  Made  or  done  alone.  4.  Lonesome; 
Rejected.  5.  Apart  from  others  of  its  kind;  single  6. 
Bot.  &  Anat.  Not  in  a  cluster;  single;  separate.  7.  Zool. 
(1)  Living  alone  or  in  pairs.  (2)  Simple;  not  compound. 
[  <  L.F  solitarius,  solitary.]  Syn.:  alone,  companionless,  de- 
serted, lone,  lonely,  lonesome,  only,  single,  sole,  unaccom- 
panied, unattended. — Ant.:  manifold,  many,  multiplied, 
multitudinous,  myriad,  numerous. — sol'i-ta-ri-ly,  adv. — 
sol'i-ta-ri-ness,  re. 

sol'i-ta-ry,  n.     [-riesz,  pi.]     A  hermit;  recluse. 

sol'i-tude,  1  sel'i-tiud;  2  sol'i-tud,  n.  1.  Loneliness;  se- 
clusion. 2.  A  deserted  or  lonely  place;  hence,  a  desert. 
[F.,  <  L.  solitudo,  <  solus,  alone.]  Syn.:  isolation,  loneliness, 
privacy,  retirement,    See  retirement;  seclusion. 

sol'lar,  1  sel'ar;  2  s61'ar,  n.  1.  A  platform  or  the  like  In  a 
mine.  2.  An  elevated  chamber  in  a  church.  3t-  An  upper 
gallery,  or  garret;  also,  a  story  of  a  house.  [<  F.  dial. 
solier,  granary,  <  L.  solarium,  sunny  spot,  <  sol,  sun.) 
sol 'art;  sol'lerj;  sol'yert. 

soi"ier-et',  1  sel"ar-et';  2  s6rer-<5t',  re.  In  medieval  armor,  a 
steel  shoe  for  a  mounted  man  or  one  of  its  overlapping 
splints.    [L.7"  solea,  sole  of  the  foot.)    sol"er-et'i. 

sol"mi-za'tion, )  1  sel"mi-ze'slisn;  2  sol"mi-za'shon,  n. 

sol"mi-sa'tion, J  Mus,  The  use  of  syllables  as  names  for 
the  notes  or  tones  of  the  scale.  The  syllables  now  com- 
monly used  are  do,  re,  mi,  fa,  sol,  la,  si.  [  <  sol  +  Ml.] 
— sol'mi-zate,  vi.  To  sing  by  syllables,     sol'ml-satet. 

so'lo,  1  so'lo;  2  so'lo,  n.    Mus.    A  composition  or  passage 
for  a  single  voice  or  instrument;  also,  its  rendition.    [It., 
<   L.  solus,  alone.]— so'lo-ist,        . 
re.    One  who  performs  a  solo.  y*i 

Sol'o-mon,  1  sol'o-man;  2sol'o-/^J; 
mon,  re.    Bit).    A   son   of   David 
(1033-975  B.  ( '.) ;  king  of  Israel; 
noted  for  his  wisdom  and  mag- 
nificence. —  Sol'o-mon'ssseal",  re. 
1.  Any  one  of  several  perennial  herbs 
lowing  simple  stems  and  small  green- 
ish flowers.    2.  A  six-pointed  star. 

So'lon,  1  so'lan;  2  so'lon.  re.  (638-558 
B.  < '.)  1.  An  Athenian  lawgiver;  in- 
cluded among  the  Seven  Sages  of 
Greece.     '£.  [s-]  A  lawmaker. 

sol'stlce, )  1  eel'stis;   2  sol'stic,  n. 

sol'stis",  J  1.    The    time    of    year 
when  the  sun  is  at   its   greate  I 
declination,  either  north  OTBOUth, 
usually  on  .1  line  21  and  December 
22:  called  the  summer  and  winter  solstices.     2. 
Either  of  the  points  midway  between  the  equinoxes; 
hence,  a  culminating  point;  epoch.    [F.,  <  L.  sol,  sun, 
+  sto,  stand.]—  sol-stl 'Hal,  a.    Pertaining  to  a  Bolstloe. 

sol'u-bl(e'',  1  sel'yu-bl;  -  BoTyy-bl,  a.    1.  Capable  of 


Solomon's-scal. 


being  dissolved;  sometimes,  in  restricted  use,  dissoluble 
in  water.  2.  Susceptible  of  being  solved  or  explained. 
[F.,  <  L.  solubilis,  <  solvo,  solve.]— sol"u-bil'i-ty,  re. 
soi'u-bl(e-nesspt_.  [in  stage  directions. 

so'lus,  1  so'lus;  2  so'lus,  a.  [so'la,  fern.]  [L.]  Alone:  used 
so-lu'tion,  1  so-liu'slian;  2  so-lu'shon,  n.  1.  Phys.  Sci. 
(1)  The  change  of  matter  from  the  solid  or  gaseous  into 
the  liquid  state  by  combination  with  a  liquid:  when 
unaccompanied  by  chemical  change,  called  physical 
solution;  otherwise,  chemical  solution.  (2)  The 
result  of  such  change;  a  liquid  combination  of  a  liquid 
and  a  non=liquid  substance.  2.  The  act  or  process  of 
solving  or  computing;  also,  the  result  of  such  computa- 
tion: said  of  a  problem.  3.  The  act  or  process  of  ex- 
plaining, settling,  or  disposing,  as  of  a  difficulty  or 
doubt.  [F.,  <  L.  solutio(n-),  <  solvo,  loosen.] — 
sol'u-tiv(e8,  a.  1.  Loosening;  laxative.  2.  Soluble. 
solve,)  1  selv;  2  solv,  vt.  [solv(e)d8;  solv'ing.1  1.  To 
solv8,  )  free  from  perplexing  difficulties.  2.  To  obtain  an 
answer  to  by  calculation  or  reasoning.  [  <  L.OF  solvo, 
loosen,  solve.]  Syn.:  clear,  clear  up,  decipher,  do,  elucidate, 
explain,  find  out,  guess,  Interpret,  make  out,  resolve,  see 
through, understand, unfold. — Ant.:  confound,  confuse,  dark- 
en, mystify,  perplex. — solv"a-bil'i-ty,  solv'a-bl(e-nessP, 
re. — solv'a-bKC,  a.  That  may  be  solved.— solv 'er,  re. 
sol'vent,  1  sel'vent;  2  sol'vSnt.  I.  o.  1.  Having  means 
sufficient  to  pay  all  debts;  having  more  assets  than 
liabilities.     2.  Having  the  power  of  dissolving.     II.  n. 

1.  A  fluid  capable  of  dissolving  substances.  2.  Med. 
A  medicine  used  for  dissolving  morbid  concretions  or 
obstructions  in  or  upon  some  organ. — sol'ven-cy,  re. 

Sol 'way  Firth,  1  sel'we;  2  sol'wa.    An  inlet  of  the  Irish  sea, 

between  England  and  Scotland;  40  by  20  m. 
sol'yert,  re.  Arch.  Same  as  sollar. 
Sol'y-man,  1  sel'i-man;  2  sol'y-man,  II.  (1496-1566).    "The 

Magnificent":  an  Ottoman  sultan.     Su'lel-mani. 
So-nia'li-land",  1  so-ma'li-land";  2  so-mii'li-land",  re.    1.  A 

British  protectorate  in  N.  E.  Africa;  68,000  sq.  m.;  pop. 

300,000.    2.  An  Italian  protectorate  in  N.  E.  Africa;  139,430 

sq.  m.;  pop.  450,000. 
so-mat'ic,  1  so-mat'ik;  2  so-mat'ic,  a.    1.  Of  or  relating 

to  the  body,  as  opposed  to  the  spirit ;  physical ;  corporeal . 

2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  body  of  an  animal,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  the  limbs.  3.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the 
body=cavity  or  its  walls.  [  <  Gr.  somatikos,  <  soma, 
body.]  so-mat'i-calj.— so-mat'lcs,  re.  Somatology.— 
so'ma-tism,  re.    Philos.    Materialism.— so'ma-tist,  re. 

so"ma-tol'o-gy,  1  so"ma-tel'o-ji;  2  so"ma-tol'o-gy,  n. 

1.  The  science  of  organic  bodies,  especially  of  the  human 
body:  embracing  anatomy  and  physiology.  2.  The 
branch  of  anthropology  that  treats  of  the  physical 
nature  of  man  as  related  to  racial  distinctions.  3.  The 
branch  of  physics  that  treats  of  matter  and  its  prop- 
erties. [<  Gr.  soma(t-),  body,  +  -logy.] — so"ma-to- 
log'1-cal,  a.   -ly,  adv.—  so"ma-tol'o-gist,  re. 

so'ma-tome,  1  so'ma-tom;  2  so'ma-tom,  re.  One  of  the  theo- 
retical segments  of  the  body  of  a  vertebrate.    [  <  Gr.  soma, 
body,  +  -tome.]— so"ma-tom'ic,  a. 
som'ber, )  1  sem'ber;  2  som'ber,  a.    1.  Partially  deprived 
som'bre, )  of  light  or  brightness;  dusky;  murky;  gloomy. 

2.  Somewhat  melancholy;  producing  or  denoting 
gloomy  feelings;  depressing.  [<  F.  sombre.]  som'- 
brousl  [Poet.].  Syn.:  see  dark;  sad.— som'bcr-ly,  adv. 
— som'ber-ness,  re. 

som-bre'ro,  1  som-bre'ro;  2  som-bre'ro,  n.     A  broad* 
brimmed  hat,  usually  of  felt,  much 
used    in    Mexico    and    the  S.  W. 
United   States.     [Sp.,    <    sombra, 
shade.] 

some,)   1    sum;  2  som.     I.  o.    1. 

sum1',  (   Of  indeterminate  quantity, 
number,  or  amount.     2.  Limited 

in  degree  or  amount;  moderate.  3.  Conoeived  or 
thought  of,  but  not  definitely  known;  as,  eome  pri- 
son. 4.  Logic.  Part  at  least;  sometimes,  part  but 
not  all  of  a  class.  II.  pron.  1.  A  oertain  undeter- 
mined quantity  or  part;  a  portion.  2.  Certain  par- 
ticular ones  not  definitely  known  or  not  specifically 
designated.  III.  adv.  [Colloq.]  1.  In  an  approxi- 
mate degree;  as  nearly  as  may  be  estimated;  about; 
as,  xtinir  eighty  people  were  present.  2.  [Dial,  or 
J'rov]    Somewhat.       [<     AS.     man,    some]  —  some'- 

ImkI".v,  n.  I.  A  person  unknown  or  unnamed.  2.  A  person 
of  consequence  or  Importance,  somc'gaic",  ado,  [Scot.] 
Somehow  or  somewhere  some'how",  nitr.  in  sonic  way 
or  In  some  manner  not  explained,  some 'thing.  1.;/.  I. 
a  particular  thing  Indefinitely  conoeived  or  Btated,  2.  Some 
portion  or  quantity.  3.  a  thing  having  real  existence  or 
importance.    II.  adv.   Somewhat:  archalo  except  in  special 


..me 

■  Hint 


'        I  II..  „-.-k      ,«»(.•>;   full.  rule:   Imt.bOrn- 

.  |  iii  i  ,,.,,,     .,6u]       740 


■OIUl  lIllllK     Ilk.' 


-.im-n.im    bu-ll 


II    urn.     .  I.     M 

ill    III.' 
I 


I 

■  (roin 

■  mili- 
tant imr-..  I 

- 

■  ■  h  Jill-.   I.  I'M' 

1918 

.:•  and  performing 

-. .m-ii .mi  i.u-i  in.  i         ~. -i ■  ■- ■  t.i ii i " i> ii- 

U  'I  I..  1 1    ;  -••in- nun    I  •  1 1  - 1  •  n-<  )  ~..in-n.i  in   tiu-l:i  n[ . 

I  innam- 

-•  •  II  I-  II  1 !  II  '  l.ll-l.l  I .'. 

er  or  upon  ,>r 

war. ■:•  •  •iiinrini-ll-l.  n.     One 

soni-nam"bu-lls'tlc,  a. 

Mini    in-. 

som-nlf'er-ous,  rend  I  n«  lo  pro- 

bear  1 
-..iii-iuf  I.  :.      -..iii-nll  'o-qiltsm,  ,,  t  or  habit  ol 

Miiii-iiU'ii-iilleiiei-:.      s. in i- n II  '- 

■  — «j  u  t  - 1 .  .  -nU'o-quous,  .    Given  to 

-■.in-nil  i»-i|ii> .       rhea   (  of  talking  when 

M  'n.'-|.  hi.    ]  .i ,    ,i.      1.    h,- 

'!.  I-  riding  to  induce  drowsi- 

ne»-  SOm'- 

n.-l.ni..         MSB'ao-1  - 1 1-  <>    .     torn  ii.i-l.ni-l> . 

"*■< 'in  nil-.  -.  2  som'nus.  n.  Myth.    The  god  Of  Bleep. 

-••n.   .  I.  A  i  isJe  child  considered  with 

to  both;  :i  male  offspring, 

dant.     3.   \  native 

•■  ly  eon- 

r  marked  by  some  quality, 

I.  ipies  the  place  of  a 

] — M»n':in=law", 

-..ii  -iiip,  n. 

»<>'n.inf .  I  I.I.  red  with  vocal 

'!■  -    .       •  .•   r  -   :.  ;.v   II.       V  sonant 

[<  L.   tono.  sound.]  — 

•i.'nan-r) .         W'aani 

I . 

ii  three 

- 

-mim|. 

-..ml*, 
-on  '.).  r. 

-■■ii-'.  .  2  I. 

I. 

irnl.  chant.  .!• 

psalm, 

Song  ..f  Song*, 
*.  of  Solomon:,     ton* 'man,  .      ttzs.pl 

Ming'ert.        song'<*par"row, 

for    Hi    song. 
♦ong'ster,  -.     ■•.  ;,.  rson  or  bird 
song'stress,  .. 

Producing  or 

Ma'oet,  I. 

ii.         I .   \ 

'■  of  fourteer. 


-  "i  acht. 


nd  ol  an  oc 

■ 

Li i i      '.'.  Vnj  thorl 

\.. 

"ii.  i"  •  r  .  \  .'  miiiieta; 

ontemptuously.  a  balNnedgod  poei 
so-norn  v-irr,  i    ..  doi 

.  id«moasurlng  Instrument     I 
i  .    Bound.    •      mii 

-i .:  i.  . 

....i  ..    • ,:  .. 

i  make  | 

-..-ii. .   r.Mi-,  .  i     1. 

i   .  apabli    ..i  sound'vibra- 

•ounding       2.    Loud    and   full" 

soundi  '..  Sonant 

i  ..  sound  l  -l) . 

-ness,        •.n-iiiir'i-t) :. 
son 's) .  •■. .  ,i     [Prov   iirit 

Having   sweet,  engaging   looks,   weltoondltloned;    happy; 

-Ic     . 

son'tytt  i     Sanctity:  In  the  oath  God's  sontles. 

-noli.    1  '       '.'    I  &n,   Odl         I.     \l    :i   future  or   -ill.- ..in.  ill 

tun.'  nut  long  distant;  short!]      2.  Without  delay;  in 

a  speedy  manner;  also,  with  ease;  readily.     :'-  with 

willingness  .>r  readiness:   usually   with   would,  ihould, 

I.  In  good  season;  early.    |  <  As.  $&na,  soon  j 

SOO-SOOnf',  ti      Sain.'  :i-  -..i  .  BONO 

soot,  1  sut  or  sQt;  2  I  .  no  soil  or  cover 

with  ...... i     ]|.  //.    a  black  substance,  essentially  carbon 

from  tin-  smoke  "t  wood  "r  ooal,  as  from  the  inside  ..f 
chimneys.  |<  AS  .■■■>.  soot  ]  BOOt'y,  a,  [soot'i-kb; 
boot'i-ebi  !  1.  Blackened  or  stained  by  soot.  8.  Producing 
..r  consisting  ol  soot.    S.  Black  Uke  sunt,    sootl-ness, 

sooth,  1  sQth;  2  sooth.    I.  <;    [Scot    or  Archaic]  1.  True; 
faithful;  trustworthy.    2.  Delightful,  because  of  (althfulne 
or  other  attractive  quality,  sotht.  II  ...    1.  ["ruth;  reality; 

Often  preceded  by  in.    2t.  Sweet  sim-ccIi;  blandishment      3t. 

Soothsaying;  prophecy.    [<  AS.  ioth.  true.]    sooth'fast", 

a.    in.  Truthful:  also,  .stedfast;  loyal.    St. Real;  true.    -I>, 

-nes8,     n,     sootli'fast"  ,   adc— sooth  'ly   ,    adv.— 

sooth  'sa>"er,  n.    I.  one  who  claims  to  have  supernatural 

Insight    2.  Same  as  HANTS,    .'it.  A  truthful  person:  the 

original  meaning. — sooth'say",  rf.  -sooth 'say"ing,  a. 

soothe,  1  sfitii;  2 sooth,   I     |-huthed;  bootii'im;  )    1. To 

r.-iliic-  from  excitement  to  a  quiet  or  normal  state;  calm 

2.  To  mitigate,  soften,  «r  relieve.     3.  To  britiK  to  a 

gentler  mood;  humor.    4.  To  palliate;  excuse.    (  <  AS. 

''.ntlrm,   <   xoth.  true]      Syn_-  see  allay;  tkm- 

I'ku;  TiiAsgi  ii.izi.      soot  It 'er,  n. 

SOP,  1  -  I.  ri.      [SOPPED  ,  SOPT8;  SOP'l'IMi. | 

To  dip  and  moisten  or  soak  in  a  liquid;  soak  in,  as  a 
liquid;  take  up  by  absorption:  often  with  up  II.  "  '• 
Anything  softened  in  liquid,  as  bread.  2.  Anything 
given  to  pacify,  as  a  bribe.  3.  Any  soggy  mass.  [  < 
as.  supan,  sup.] — sop'py,  a.  [sophomore 

sop.,  ahbr.  Soprano.  -Soph.,  abbr.  Sophist,  Sophocles, 
soph  'Ism,  1 1  sef'ism;  2  sof'ism,  n.  1.  A  false  argument 
sof'ismp,  (intentionally  used  to  deceive.  2.  The  doc- 
trine or  nut  hod  of  the  sophists.  [<  Gr.  sophitma,  < 
sophizd,  teach.  <  sophos.  wise.]  Syn.:  see  soi-histky. 
soph *Ist,  n.  1.  Or.PhUoi  a  Hi  i  i  1 1  A  member  of  a  cer- 
tain school  ./  philosophy,  preceding  theSocratlc 

2     One  of  the  later  Creek   lea.  hers  of  phi). 
and  rhetoric,  who  acquired  LTeat  but- pernicious  skill  In  dis- 
putation  under  logical   forms.     2.  Hence,  one  who  argues 
cleverly  t.ut  fallaciously       sopll'ls-ter,  n.     1.  A  Student  In 
one  or  the  later  years  of  an  English  university  course.     '>    . 

phlst      so-piiis'tte.    I.  ./     Sophistical.    II.  n     The 
art  or  method  ol  the  Greek  sophists.— so-ptals'tt-eal,  " 

sn-phh'tl-oal-l),    ad*       so-|ib|s'tl-c.,te,     n.       [-CAT*BBd; 

-<  m"in<.  !  1.  To  beguue  wjth  sophistry;  mislead,  'i.  To 
alter  deceptively;  adulterase;  render  artificial,  so-phis'tl- 
catet,  a     Adulterous;  sopnlstlcated,    so-plils"ii-ea'tlon, 

;,       so-phls'tl-ea"tor,    n. — soph'lst-ry,    n       [-HIB8Z,    /»'  ! 
fallacious  reasoning  or  disputation.     Syn.:  casuistry. 

chicanery.  eV&SlOn,   fallacy,   halr-split  I  mi;,   paralotrism,   pre- 
varication, quibbling,  sophism,  subterfuge,  trli 
Soph'o-eles,  1  aef'o-kUi;  2  sof o-des.  n.    (49.5-406  B.  C.)    An 

olan  tragic  poet;  Antigone,  Electro.,  etc. 
soph 'o-more,  I  1  Bef'o-mdr;  2  B6f'o-m8r,  n.    In  American 
hof'o-more'',    |  colleges,  a  student  in  the  second  year  of  a 

four-year  COUTBe.     [<  soph,  abbr.  of  BOPHIBTBB,   •+-  Gr. 
f.oli-h  |     soph"o-mor'lr,  a.    soph"o-mor'l-calj. 
so'phy,  suki. 

so'por,  1  so'por:  2  so'pOr,  n    Pathol    Deep  lethargic  slei-p 

[L.]  — so"po-rlf'er-ous,  <i       Bringing  sleep.    -so"po-rlf'lr, 

I  •  „•   or    tciidliii;    to    produce   sleep.      II.    n.     A 

medicine  thai  produces  sleep. 

so-pra'no,  1  lo-pra/no;  2 so-prft'no     I.  a.    Of  or  pertain- 

i  the  soprano,    II.  n.    [-nob*  or  -ni,  pi .]  Mus.  1.  A 


1: » =  final;     1=  habit:    aisle;    UO  — OUt;    ell:     lu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;     t)  =  sing;    ftiin,    this. 
/41         2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


-some 
sound 


woman's  or  boy's  voice  of  high  range.  2.  The  music  in- 
tended for  such  a  voice.  3.  A  person  having  such  a 
voice  or  singing  such  a  part.  [It.,  <  sopra,  above,  <  L. 
supra;  see  supra-.] 

so'ra,  1  so'ra;  2  so'ra,  re.  A  North*  American  rail.  olive=brown. 
black,  and  white,  esteemed  as  food.  [Bolivia;  21,484  ft.  high. 

So-ra'ta,  1  so-ra'ta;  2  so-ra'tii,  re.    A  mountain  in  the  Andes. 

sorb,  1  serb;  2  sorb,  n.  The  service=tree,  or  the  rowau=tree; 
also,  the  fruit  of  either  of  these.    [  <  L.f  sorbus,  service=tree.] 

Sor"bonne',  1  ser'bon';  2  sor"bon',  re.  An  institution  of  the- 
ology, science,  and  literature,  In  Paris;  also,  the  building 
erected  for  it  by  Richelieu. 

sor'cer-y,  1  ser'sar-i;  2  sor'cer-y,  n.  [-iesz,  pi.]  1.  Pre- 
tended employment  of  supernatural  agencies;  magic; 
witchcraft.  2.  Any  remarkable  or  inexplicable  means  of 
accomplishment;  witchery.  [<  OF.  sorcerie,  <  sorcier, 
<  L.  sor(t-)s,  fate.]  Syn.:  divination,  enchantment,  incan- 
tation, magic,  necromancy,  spell,  the  black  art,  voodooism, 
witchcraft. — sor'cer-er,  re.  A  wizard;  conjurer. — sor'- 
cer-ess,   re.  fern. — sor'cer-oust,  a.    -ly,  adv. 

sor'did,  1  ser'did;  2  sor'did,  a.  1.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or 
actuated  by  a  low  desire  for  gain;  mercenary.  2.  Of 
degraded  character;  vile;  base;  squalid,  '.i  .  Foul: 
the  old  sense.  [<  L.F  sordidvs,  squalid.]  Syn.:  see  avari- 
cious; base. — sor'dld-ly,  adv. — sor'did-ness,  re. 

sore,  1  sor;  2  sor,  a.  [sor'er;  sor'est.]  1.  Morbidly  ten- 
der; having  a  sore  or  sores.  2.  Pained  or  distressed  in 
mind;  aggrieved;  touchy.  3.  Arousing  painful  feelings; 
irritating;  distressing.  4.  Causing  extreme  distress; 
severe;  also,  very  great;  extreme:  always  of  something 
distressing.     [  <  AS.  sdr,  painful.]    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

sore1,  re.  1.  A  place  on  an  animal  body  where  the  skin  or 
flesh  is  bruised,  broken,  or  inflamed.  2.  A  painful 
memory;  distressing  evil;  trouble;  grief;  controversy. 

sore2t,  re.  1.  A  hawk  in  the  first  year.  sore'«fal"cont;  sore'= 
hawk"t.    2.  A  buck  of  the  fallow  deer  in  the  fourth  year. 

sore ||,  adv.    In  a  sore  manner;  sorely. 

sor'ghum,  1  ser'gum;  2  sor'gum,  re.  A  stout  canedike 
grass,  cultivated  for  its  saccharine  juice;  also,  molasses 
prepared  from  its  juice.  [  <  Sp.  sorgo,  <  LL.  surgum, 
sorghum.]    sor'ghoi;  sor'gof. 

Mini,  1  sern;  2  sorn,  vi.  [Scot.]  To  obtrude  oneself  on  friends 
for  food  and  lodging,    [<jor.  of  sojourn,  b.] — sorn'er,  re. 

so-ror'i-cide,  1  so-rer'i-said;  2  so-ror'i-cTd,  n.  1.  The 
killing  of  a  sister.  2.  One  who  kills  a  sister.  [  <  L.  soror, 
sister,  +  csedo,  kill.] 

so-ror'i-ty,  1  so-rer'i-ti;  2  so-ror'i-ty,  n.  [-tiesz,  pi.]  A  sis- 
terhood; specif.,  a  women's  club  or  college  association  corre- 
sponding to  the  college=men's/raterret72/.  [<  L.  soror,  sister.] 

so-ro'sis,  1  so-ro'sis;  2  so-ro'sis,  re.  1.  A  compound  fleshy 
fruit,  as  in  the  pineapple.  2.  [U.  S.]  [S-]  A  women's 
club  or  society.     [  <  Gr.  soros,  heap] 

sor'rel1,  1  ser'el;  2  sor'fil.  I.  a.  Of  a  reddish*  or  yellow- 
ish=brown.  II.  re.  1.  A  reddish*  or  yellowish=brown 
color.  2.  A  sorrel=colored  animal.  3.  A  buck  of  the 
third  year,  sor'elt-  [OF.,  <  sor,  <  MLG.  sor,  withered] 

sor'rel2,  n.  Any  one  of  several  low  perennial  herbs  with 
acid  leaves.     [  <  F.  surelle,  <  sur  (  <  G.  sauer),  sour.] 

sor'row,  1  sor'o;2  sor'o.  I.  vi.  To  feel  sorrow;  grieve;  la- 
ment; be  sad.  II  re.  1.  Pain  or  distress  of  mind  be- 
causeof  loss,  injury, ormisfortune.thecommissionof  sin, 
or  sympathy  with  suffering;  grief;  trouble.  2.  An  event 
that  causes  pain  or  distress  of  mind;  affliction;  a  trial; 
misfortune;  wo.  3.  The  expression  of  grief;  lament  at  inn; 
mourning.  [<  AS.  sorg,  care.)  Syn.:  (verb)  see  moi  kn; 
(sorrow  for  or  with)  pity;  (noun)  see  GRIEF;  misfortune; 
repentance.—  sor'row-er,  re. — sor'row-ful,  a.  Sad;  un- 
happy; mournful.  Syn.:  see  bad;  pitiful;  sad.— sor'row- 
ful-ly,  adv.— sor'row-ful-ncss,  re. 

sor'ry,  1  sor'i;  2  sor'y,  a.  [sor'ri-er;  sor'ri-est]  1. 
Grieved  or  pained;  affected  by  sorrow  from  any  cause. 
2.  Fulfilling  its  purpose  badly;  poor.  3.  Causing  sor- 
row; melancholy;  dismal.  [<  AS.  s<iri(i,  <  sdr,  pain.] 
Syn.:  see  bad;  sad.     sor'rl-ly,  ailr.     sor'rl-ness,  //. 

sort'1, 1  sort;  2  sort,  v.    I.  t.    1.  To  separate  into  grades, 

kinds,  or  sizes;  assort;  classify:  often  with  Over,  2.  To 
put  in  a  grade,  class,  or  rank  with  those  of  like  quality 
and  apart  from  others:  of  ten  with  out,  3§.  To  suit;  fit; 
conform;  adapt.  4.  [Scot.]  (1)  To  punish,  ('-')  To 
adjust;  care  for.  St.  To  allot  Bf.  To  select.  7f.  To 
decree,  8f.  To  obtain;  procure.  II,.  i.  I.  To  agree; 
correspond:  with  with  <«  to.  'J.  To  associate;  consort: 
with  with.  3.  To  cast  lots;  decide  by  lot.  4.  To  bei  uita- 
i>lc,  I  <  OF.  sortir,  <  L.  sortior,  draw  lots,  <  sors  (sort-), 
lot  I  Mirt'a-bKe"',  a.  -sort'a-bly,  udv,  sort 'er,  re. 
sort,  n.     1.  Any  Dumber  or  collection  of  persons  or  tilings 

characterized  by  the  same  or  similar  qualities;  a  kind; 
species;  class.  2.  Form  of  being  or  acting;  manner; 
way;  style,    3.  Print.  A  type  considered  as  a  portion  of 


a  font:  usually  in  the  plural.  4.  A  number  of  persons  or 
things  associated  or  viewed  collectively;  a  company; 
group;  also,  a  set;  suit.  5|.  Social  rank ;  especially,  high 
rank.  6f-  A  lot;  destiny.  [  <  F.  sorte,  <  L.  sor(tr)s,  lot . 
condition.)  Syn.:  character,  condition,  degree,  denomination, 
description,  kind,  nature,  order,  race,  rank,  style.    See  air2. 

sor'tancet,  re.     Appropriateness;  suitableness;  agreement. 

sor 'tie,  1  ser'ti;  2  sor'ti,  re.  A  sally  of  troops  from  a  be- 
sieged place  to  attack  the  besiegers.    [F.,  <  sortir,  go  forth] 

sor'ti-lege,  1  ser'ti-lej;  2  sor'ti-leg,  n.  The  act  or  practise  of 
drawing  lots;  divination  by  lot;  also,  sorcery.  [<  F.  sorti- 
lege, <  L.  sors  {sort-),  destiny,  +  lego,  read.) 

S.  O.  S.,  abbr.  Wireless  Teleg.  A  code=signal  for  assistance, 
as  by  a  ship  In  distress:  erroneously  interpreted  "suspend 
other  service." 

sot,  1  set;  2  sot,  it.  [sot'ted1*;  sot'ting.]  \.t.  1.  To  be- 
sot.   2.  To  stupefy.    II.  i.    To  act  the  sot;  be  a  toper. 

sot,  re.  1.  A  person  stupid  by  habitual  drunkenness.  2||. 
A  fool;  blockhead;  dotard.  [  <  OF.  sot,  foolish.] — sot'- 
tish,  a. — sot'tish-ly,  adv. — sot'tish-ness,  re. 

Soth'ern,  1  suth'ern;  2  soth'ern,  Edward  Askew  (1826- 
1881).    An  English  comedian. 

sot'to,  1  set'to;  2  sOt'to,  prep.  Below;  under.  [It.,  <  L. 
subter,  <  stib,  under.] — sot'to  vo'ee,  1  sot'to  vo'ohe;  2  sot'- 
to vo'che.    Softly;  in  an  undertone.    [It.] 

sou,  1  su;  2  su,  re.  A  former  French  coin  of  varying  value; 
now,  colloquially,  a  flve»centime  piece,  of  copper,  equal  to 
about  one  cent  in  United  States  money.    [F.] 

Sou.,  abbr.    Southern. 

sou"brette',  1  su"bret';  2  su"bret',  re.  Theat.  An  actress  in 
light  comedy,  originally  a  pert,  intriguing  lady's=maid.     [F.] 

sou"brI"quet',  re.    Same  as  sobriquet. 

sou-chong',  1  su-slien';  2  su-chong',  n.  A  variety  of 
black  tea,  made  from  the  youngest  leaves  of  the  earliest 
pickings,  or  the  infusion  made  from  it.  [F.,  <  Chin. 
siao,  small,  +  chung,  plant.]   soo-chong't;  sou-shong't. 

soudt,  vl.    To  fasten  together;  join,    soudet. 

Sou-dan',  re.    Same  as  Sudan. 

sou'der,  1  sau'dar;  2  sou'der,  v.  &  re.  [Scot.]  Same  as  solder. 

souffle',  1  su'Tle';  2  su"fle',  a.  Cookery.  Made  light  and 
frothy,  and  fixed  in  that  condition  by  heat.  [F.  pp.  of  souf- 
fler,  blow.) — souffle',  re. 

sough,  1  sau  or  suf ;  2  sou  or  siif .  I.  vi.  To  blow  with  a 
sighing  sound,  as  the  wind.  II.  re.  A  deep,  murmuring 
sound,  as  of  wind  through  trees.  [  <  Ice.  siigr,  whistling 
sound.) — to  keep  a  calm  sough  [Scot.],  to  be  silent. 

sought,  1  set;  2  sot,  imp.  &  pp.  of  seek,  v. 

soul,  1  sol;  2  sol,  n.  1.  In  present  general  acceptation,  the 
incorporeal  nature  of  man,  or  principle  of  mental  and 
spiritual  life.  2.  Hence,  a  spiritual  or  angelic  being. 
3.  The  vital  principle  together  with  such  mental  powers 
as  are  possessed  by  the  lower  animals  in  common  with 
man.  4.  The  essence,  heart,  or  animating  principle  of 
anything.  5.  Individual  force  or  fervor;  heartiness; 
affection;  nobleness;  generosity.  6.  A  person;  an  indi- 
vidual. 7.  A  disembodied  spirit.  [<  AS.  sawel,  soul.) 
— Syn.:  mind,  spirit.  The  soul  includes  the  Intellect,  sen- 
sibilities, and  will;  beyond  what  is  expressed  by  the  wont 
mind,  the  soul  denotes  especially  the  moral,  the  Immortal 
nature;  we  say  of  a  dead  body,  the  soul  (not  the  mind)  has 
fled.  Spirit  is  used  especially  in  contradistinction  from 
matter;  it  may  in  many  cases  be  substituted  for  soul,  hut 
soul  has  commonly  a  fuller  and  more  determinate  meaning; 
we  can  conceive  of  spirits  as  having  no  moral  nature;  the 
fairies,  elves,  and  brownies  of  mythology  ini^ht  be  termed 
spirits,  but  not  souls.  In  the  figurative  sense,  spirit  denotes 
animation,  excitability,  perhaps  Impatience;  as.  a  lad  of 
spirit;  he  sang  with  spirit;  he  replied  with  s/>irit.  Soul  de- 
notes energy  and  depth  of  feeling,  as  when  we  speak  of  soul- 
ful eyes;  or  It  may  denote  I  he  very  life  of  anything;  as,  the 
soul  of  harmony.  Compare  mind. 
— souled,a.  Saving  a  soul:  used  In  compounds.    soul'« 

fill,  a.  Full  of  that  which  appeals  to  or  satisfies  the  higher 
feelings;  emotional;  spiritual,     -ly,  adv.    -ness,  u.     soul'- 

less,  a.    I.  Having  no  soul.    2.  Heartless;  unemotional.    8, 

Devoid  of  activity  or  expression,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 
Soult,  1   salt;  2  suit.  Nicolas  Jean  de  Dleu   (1769    1851). 
i  nike  of  i  lalmatia;  marshal  of  France  under  Napoleon. 

sound'11,  1  sound;  2  sound,  r.     I.  (,      1.  To  cause  to  send 

forth  a  sound  or  sounds,  2.  To  make  audible;  give 
forth  or  bring  out  as  a  sound  or  note.  .'{.  To  give  notice, 
order,  or  direction  for  by  means  of  a  sound.    4.  To  cause 

to  resound;  spread  abroad  by  report;  make  known      ,'i. 

To  test  by  sound;  in  medical  ii  ag  .  to  in  icultate  8  . 
To  signify;  import,  II.  i.  I.  To  send  forth  a  sound;  be 
the  seat  of  a  sound,    2.  To  have  a  qualitj  ot  character 

as  sounded  or  uttered;  as,  how  did  il   sound  to  yOU?     :'. 

To  be  conveyed  by  sound;  be  Bpread  abroad      4.  To 

give    a    signal    by    sound        |-       F     SOTiner,  '       80TW, 

sound;     sound 'er1,  re.    Onewl rthat  whichsounds 

or  gives'  a  sound;  specif.,  a  telegraphic  receiving-apparatus. 


«min«l 

-(..»r 

. 

-..11 ii<1 

1            1 
II             1 

I  '  P**y:    I'll    I      I         0  ito;  not.flr:   full,  rule;  Imi.l.flrn: 

ii       i  i  ft,    <ii,  «»i,  won,        '.  I  ' 


! 

•-..Illl. I     ,1.1  lAklllli 

MlUIIll,  1  Ullpll'tf 

i 

;.  i 

*  i  u  nn. 

ii'l   l> .  -..mi. I 

miiiid  .1  I  through  tin1  organ* 

through 

3.  1 :.  popular  use, 

I  of  imy 

•">.  •  iunding 

B.  Willi.. lit    mi;- 

und  ) 

.-.:.    :.■>.-■  ii. .tr  •..•::•■      s.>i, >i./  n  the  iii. .-i  comprehensive 

• 
.-.I  « mi.. ut  reference 
luslcal  or  discordant. 

-carccl} 
■  nil"  or 

\\  .■  ~i«.:lK  of  ■  One.  musical,  or  pleasing 
m  mai  denote 
either  a  musical  ssmd  <t  the  Interval  between  ti 
m'.  -in-  latter  Is  now  ills- 

stand  only  fur 
ihc  ft.mJ  denotes  the  character  rep- 

,     [Hilar  usage  li  dew 
mm  es   practically  equivalent   t<>  (cms. 

•  la  chiefly  applied  to  thai 
'  the  human  voire  by  which  feeling  Is  ex] 
aa.  bespoke  in  a    :  be  word  Is  similarly  applied 

:  other  animals,  and  sometimes  t" 
inanimate  ol  Fa  musical  Instrument,  ton* 

.1  quality  of  its  sounds  collect  h  • 

<»uuil'l.»,  i      Having  or  making  no  sound;  silent. 

- 1 1 .  - 

sound  .  irrow  body  of  water,  mon 

lies.    1  <  AS. 
ivrul.  <  itclmman.  swim.) 
sound  ,  air-bladder  of  a  fish.     [  <  hound*,  n.] 

sound  ,  exploring  ft  cavity ;  a 

[>*,  r.] 
-ound.  -    lndly;  profoundly:  .said  of  sleeping. 

Miund'liiK.  I  -..  •  mg.    I.  jut.    Giving  forth 

a  fill  'i.   Having  much  .sound  with 

.    mpty.    II.  n.    1.  The  act 
that    which   sounds,  in   any  sense.    2. 
water;  aNo,  the  depth  of 
water  aa  sounded.  — sound  'lng-1)  ,  mlr. 
soup.  1  -  .;•  2  .sup,  n.    Liquid  food  made  by  boiling  meat, 
.ii    water;    distinguished    from    broth. 
Bed.     [<  F.  soupe,  <  D.  sop.] 
"in',  1  sQp*s5n':  2  sup'c'Jfi'.  n.    Literally,  a  suspicion; 
a  minute  qu..  [F.) 

-our,  L  sour;  2  sow         Ll     L,  To  make  or  cause  to  be- 
rmentation  in,  as  cider  or  wine. 
2.  To  make  harsh,  fretful,  or  morose;  pervert;  spoil.    3. 
.nkimlly  for  cultivation:  said  of 
land     II.       I.  i  >  turn  or  become  sour;  ferment.    8.  To 
mon  -•-.  (•  To  produce  sourness 

.kind.     4.    I  ■     r-h.  -.  i-ci.l.  and  unkindly 

3   surigan,  <  sir,  sour.] 

-our.  .     i.  -  ..-.  I:  tan     '-'•  Saving  an  acid 

taste  as  the  result  itlon.     3.  Misanthropic  and 

crah'  i       >Id  and  wet;  harsh  to  crops; 

said  of  land.    [<  AS.  stir,  bout.)    Sjm.:  see  hitter:  IfOBOBE. 
-our  i  rout    .  -.   krouC. 

-ouri-h.  mr     sour 'l>,  <;..'-.  nonr'neas.  n 

-our. 

-oiin  •  .  1.  Thftt  from  which  any  act, 

-<iurM-  ,  J  m  rvement,  or  an  originator; 

'-'.  imel  liing  is  found  or 

■  or  derived.    3.  The  spring  or  fountain 

fron.  in  head; 

fountain.     [F.,  <  Ol  <  L.  surgo),  rise  ] 

nntng,  fountain,  fotmtalnbead,  origin,  spring. 
'.•  •  .tion.  conclu- 

sion, consequence,  end,   event,   expiration,   result,  sequel, 

-ou-e  .  I.    i&ri.     (housed',  BOOST*;  I 

DM  ]    1.  To  dip  into  a  liquid  suddenly;  plunge;  splash. 


II.         I.  I':  .  i.  I  nu  kU, aa tho head,  feet, 
I,   \  plunge  in  m at.  i 
-■•u-e   .        I.        i ..  pounce  upon     II.        Po    woop  nid 

i,  i«k :  with  ••'!  oi  upon 
sou**  .  I  i  hawk  on  its  prey  ;a  downright 

-. .i  ii.  i  .  in  ■  •    ■  | 

smisp,   ■  :       \\  ith  a  plum-'',  all 

- l  .  :ll  i  l  . 

■ 

south,  lsaufh;  2  south     I.        t.  To  turn  southward     '.'. 

' he  meridian     II.  a     I.  Situated  in  ■ 

thern  direction  relative!)  to  the  observe!  oi  to  an) 

given  place  or  poinl    '!.  I  icing  toward  the  south    8.  Bi 

I. .to  Mi. .  southern  III. 

I .  That  oi f  the  four  cardinal  point  ■  ol  the  i 

which  i-  directly  opposite  to  north,  and  at  the  right 
hand  of  an  observer  wl  .'.  I  region  ly- 
ing southward     3.  |l '  8.J  [&■]  The  portion  lying ithol 

Mason  and   Dizona  line,   inoluding  the  Former  slave 

Mat--;  particularly,  in  reoenl   use,  those  states  that 

li  .1   in    1861      l  i .    \     outh   w mil      IV.  ode      1. 

I  award  or  at  the  south.    8.  Prom  the  south.    |  <  AS. 

MUth;  nrlg    an  ailv    akin  to  -i  n'  |      soul  li"eas( ',   n 

That  iMiint  of  the  oompass  or  part  ol  the  borlson  mldwa) 
between  south  and  east  south'east'er,  n  \  sale  from 
the  southeast      touth"ea*t'er-ly,     .\  -nuiirvast -- 

ern.         iouth"east'ward,  a   \  ad       roward  the  south- 

south'Vast   Haril-I),  ...         -.oil  h"ca-( 'w  ards  ; . 

south'er.  L  sauth'er;  2  aouth'er,  fi      I  gale  from  the  south 

sniitii'er-i) ,  i  B0tn'er-h:  2  sOth'er-ly,  a.    I.  Situated  In 

or  tending  toward  the  south    ■».  Proceeding  from  the  south. 

south 'cr-l>  .    •  '         soulirer-ll-iie-s,  n       SOnth log,  it 

I.  Sii  ■  ITerence  of  latitude  measured  toward  the 

-..nth  between  any  position  and  the  last  one  determined. 
i.  istron.  The  extreme  southerly  position.  In  Its  diurnal 
motion,  "f  a  celestial  object  thai  culminates  In  the  south; 
also,  the  attainment  of  tin-  position,  or  tin-  time  at  which  It 
Is  reached,  south 'ron,  n,  A  person  who  lives  In  the  south, 
i    peclall]    [8-J:  (1     Ln  Englishman  or  native  of  southern 

Britain:  formerly  used  hy  the  Scotch  In  derision.     (2)  [Rare, 
r   8.)  A  Southerner:  used  also  attrib- 
utively,   south 'ward,  1  eauth'werd; 
2south'ward.     \.a.     Situated  in  or 

toward  the  south.  II.  mlr.  I  n  a  sout  h- 
crly  direction.  soutli'ward-lyi; 
south'wardsj.  sou(h"west'.  I.a. 
1.  Pertaining  to  or  facing  the  bou1  b- 
west.  2.  Proceeding  from  the  south- 
west. II.  tl.  That  point  of  the  com- 
or  pan  of  the  horizon  which  is 

midway  lietween  south  and  west. 
soutli"wes(  'er,  n.  I.  A  wind,  gale, 
or  storm  from  the  southwest.  '.'.  \ 
tarpaulin  bat  with  a  broad  brim  be- 
hind sou"wcst'cr:  IX'iut.].  — 
SOUth "west    'er-ly,    ii.     <V     iidr. — 

BOUth^west  'ern,  a. — south"west  'ward,  a.  &  adv. 
••d  the  southwest.  —  south"west  'ward-ly,  adv. 
soiith"west  'wards;. 
South  Af'rl-ca,  U'nlonof.  The  provinces  of  Cape  Of  Good 
Hope.  Xatal.  the  Transvaal,  ami  the  Orange  Free  State; 
capital.  Pretoria;  473.100  sq.  m.;  pop  5.973,394. 

soutii-aiiip'toii,  1  Bduth-amp'tan:  2  Bouth-imp'ton,  «.    A 

seaport  In  8.  England;  pop.  122,680. 
South   Aus-lra'll-a.     An  Australian  state;   380,070  sq.  m.; 

pop.  408,660;  capital,  Adelaide. 
South  <'ar"o-ll'na,  l   kar'o-loj'na;   'J  ear*c-ll'na,     A  State 

In  IhcS   Atlantic  division  of  the  V nil eil  Slates;  30,989sq.m.; 

pop   1,6  14,340;  capital,  <  lolumbla. 
"Miutii  Da-ko'ta,  1  da-ko'te;  2  da-kO'ta.     A  state  in  the  N. 
central  division  ol  the  United  states;  77,6i.r,  sq.  m.;  pop 

707.740.  capital.  I'lerre. 

Bouth'ern,  1  soth'em;  2  suth'ern,  a.    1.  Pertaining  to 

OUth  or  a  place  relatively  in  the  south.  2.  Proceed- 
ing frmii  the  SOUth.  as  a  wind.  |-  \~  "ll-irne,  < 
saih.  south  ]  south'ern-er,  n.  1.  One  born  or  residing 
In  the  south.     Z.  [S-]  A  Citizen  or  resident  of  the  south  part 

of  the   United   States,    south  'era-most",  u.     Farthest 

south;    most    .southerly,      south 'er-inost"t.     soutll'ern- 

hiiihI",    ;;.      A    I.uropeaii    plant    allied   to  wormwood, 
south'ey,   ]   wiutti'i  Of  sutii'i;  2  south'y  or  suth'y,   Robert 

1 1771   i  318).     ah  English  poet  laureate. 

Soutb'wark,  1  strrh'erk;  '2  suth'ark,  n.  A  borough  In  Lon- 
don, lan-'land,  on  the  S.  hank  of  the  Thames;  pop.  191.007. 

s«»u"vc-iiir',  l  .-u"vi-nir';  2  su*ve-nlr/,  n.  A  token  oi  re- 
membrance; memento.    [F.,  <  xouvenir,  recollect.] 

sov.,  abbi 

sov  'cr-clgn,  I  1  sov'[or  suv']&r-in;  2  s6v'[or  sov^er-in.    I. 

sov'er-enB,  Jo.  1.  Exercising  or  possessing  supreme 
juri-diction  or  power;  royal.  2.  Possessing  supreme  ex- 
COllence  or  greatness;  preeminent;  paramount.  3.  .Supe- 
rior, in  efficacy ;  potent ;  as,  a  sovereign  remedy.    II.  n.    1. 


South- 
wester. 


1:8  =  final;    l  =  hablt;    aisle;    aa  =  out;    ell;    iu  =  feud;    c"hin;    go;     n  =  sing;    fhin,   this. 
743         2:wQlf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,  .gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


sound 
spar 


One  who  possesses  supreme  authority;  a  monarch.  2. 
An  English  gold  coin  of  the  value  of  $4.86f,  or  one 
pound  sterling.  [  <  OF.  sovrain,  <  LL.  superanus,  < 
h. super,  over.]  so v 'rant  [Poet.].  Syn.:  (adj.)  see  imperial: 
predominant;  (noun)  see  master.— sov'er-eign-ly,  adv. 
— sov'er-elgnty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi.]  1.  The  state  of  being  sov- 
ereign; supreme  authority.  2.  The  supreme  power  in  a  state. 
3.  A  sovereign  state,    sov'ran-tyt  [Poet.]. 

so'vl-et,  1  so'vi-et;  2  so'vl-et,  n.  [Rus.]  A  council;  esp.,  a 
soldiers'  and  workmen's  council. 

sow,  1  so;  2  so,  v.  [sowed;  sown  or  sowed,  sowd8;  sow'- 
ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  scatter,  as  seed;  figuratively,  to  dis- 
seminate. 2.  To  plant  with  seed.  II.  i.  To  scatter 
seed  for  a  harvest.  [<  AS.  sawan,  sow.]  Syn.:  see  plant. 
— sow'er,  n. — sow'lng,  n. 

SOW,  1  sau;  2  sow,  n.  1.  A  female  hog.  See  swine.  2.  A 
small  bug,  found  under  logs,  stones,  etc.  sow'sbug"t. 
[  <  AS.  sugu,  sow.] 

sow'ens,  1  sau'enz;  2  sow'ens.,  n.  [Scot.]  1.  Sour  flummery 
made  from  the  refuse  of  the  oatnieal-mill.  2.  A  weavers' 
paste  for  stiffening  yarn,    sow'ans?;  sow'Inst. 

sownet,w.  &n.  SameasswooN.     [liquid;sup.  2. Soup;  broth. 

sowp,  1  saup;  2  sowp,  n.     [Scot.]     1.  A  small  mouthful  of 

sow'tert,  sow'ter-lyf.    Same  as  souter,  etc. 

soy,  1  soi;  2  soy,  n.  1.  A  sauce  prepared  from  the  soy 
bean.  2.  A  small  erect  herb  of 
the  bean  family  of  India  and 
China,  cultivated  for  forage.  [  < 
Jap,  si'i/an,  soy.]  so'yai. — soy's 
bean",  soy  '=pea",  n.  Same  as  soy, 
n.,2. 

s.  p.,  abbr.  [L.]  Sine  prole  (without 
issue). — Sp.,  abbr.  Spain,  Spanish, 
Spirit. — sp.,  abbr.  Species,  spelling, 
spirit. 

soylt,  n.    Soil;  earth,    soy  let. 

spa,  1  spa;  2  spa,  n.  Any  locality 
frequented  forits  mineralsprings; 
a  mineral  spring.  [  <  Spa,  in  Bel- 
gium.] 

space,  1  spes;  2  spae.     I.  vt.  &  vi. 

[spaced1;    spac'ing.]     To  set  so  1* 

that    the    individual    members,  Soyabean, 

parts,  letters,  lines,  etc.,  are  sep-  a  flower.  6  {T'uit 

arated  by  spaces;  also,  to  arrange 

or  lay  off  (a  surface)  into  spaces.  II.  n.  1.  An  interval 
between  points  or  objects;  a  limited  portion  of  exten- 
sion; distance;  area.  2.  Continuous  or  unlimited  exten- 
sion, whether  occupied  by  a  body  or  not.  3.  An  interval 
of  time;  period.  4.  An  occasion  or  opportunity.  5. 
%Print.  A  type  of  less  than  type=height,  and  thinner  than 
an  en  quadrat,  used  to  separate  words,  etc.,  as  in  a  line. 
6.  Mus.  One  of  the  degrees  of  a  staff.  [  <  L.F  spatium, 
space.]  Syn.:  see  place.— Crookes's  spare  (Elec),  a  non= 
luminous  interval  in  a  vacuum=tube  containing  a  gas  at  low 
pressure,  through  which  an  electric  discharge  is  passing. — 
spac'er,  n. — spa'clal,  a.  Same  as  spatial. — spa'cious, 
a.  1.  Of  indefinite  or  vast  extent.  2.  Affording  ample  room; 
capacious:  in  literal  or  figurative  sense.  Syn.:  see  large. 
— spa'clous-ly,  ado.— spa'cious-ness,  n. 

spade,  1  sped;  2  spad,  vt.  [spad'ed11;  spad'ing.]  To  dig 
over  or  cut  with  a  spade. 

spade1,  n.  1.  An  implement  used  in  digging  in  the 
ground,  ditching,  cutting  turf,  etc.:  distinguished  from 
a  shovel  principally  by  having  a  narrower  and  flatter 
blade.  2.  A  tool  or  implement  resembling  a  spade.  [  < 
AS.  spadu.] — spade 'ful,  n.  As  much  as  a  spade  will  hold. 
spad'er,  n. 

spade2,  n.  1.  A  figure  like  a  heart,  with  a  triangular 
handle,  on  a  playing=card.  2.  A  card  or  suit  so  marked. 
[<  Sp.  espada,  appar.  <  espada,  sword.] 

spa'dix,  1  spe'diks;  2  spa'dtks,  n.  A  spike  or  head  of 
flowers  with  a  fleshy  axis,  usually  enclosed  within  a 
spathe.  [Gr.L  spadix,  <  spad,  break.]  —  spa-di'eeous, 
a.    Of  or  like  a  spadix.    spa-d i 'clous ! ;  spa'dl-eosel. 

spae,  l  spe;  2  spa,  vt.  [Scot]  To  foretell;  divine.  [<  ice.  spa, 
spy]    spae'man,  spae  'wife,  n.  a  fortuneteller. 

spa-ghet'tl,  1  spe-get'i;  2  spa-geVi,  n.  A  cord-like  paste, 
in  size  between  macaroni  and  vermicelli.    [  It,.] 

spa'hl,    i  1  apS'hl;  2  spa'hE,  "     •■  Formerly,  a  Turkish  corps 

spa'hce,  (  of  Irregular  cavalry;  a  member  <>r  such  a  corps,  't. 
one  of  a  native  Algerlne  cavalry  corps  in  the  French  service, 
[<  Turk,  sipaia,  <  Per.  sipdh,  soldiers.] 

Spain,  1  spen;  2  span,  n.  A  kingdom  in  8.  W.  Europe;  194,783 
so.  m.;  pop.  20,500,300:  capital.  Madrid 

spake,  1  Hpek;  2  Hiiak  [Archaic  or  I 'net   I.  Imi>  of  speak,  v 

spall,  1  BP91;  2  Spal.  I.  vt.  A  r1.  I.  To  break  up;  chip;  prepare 
for  sorting,  as  ore.     2.  To  chip  to  an  approximately   level 

surface;  dress  roughly,  as  stone.  3.  To  crumble  at  the  edges, 
as  a  stone  under  pressure.  II.  n.  a  chip,  splinter,  or  flake, 
as  from  a  atone,   \<  md,  spaMen,  split.1 


Spandrels  over  Doorway  of  the  College 
of  the  City  of  New  York. 


spal-peen',  1  spal-pin'  or  spal'pln;  2  spal-pen'  or  spal'pSn,  n. 
[It.]  A  wandering  harvester;  hence,  a  good=for»nothing. 

span1,  1  span;  2  span.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [spanned,  spand8; 
span'ning.]  1.  To  measure  with  an  expanded  hand; 
encircle  in  measurement  with  the  extended  hand.  2. 
To  stretch  from  side  to  side;  extend  over.  3.  To  bind  or 
make  fast.  4.  [U.  S.]  To  match  in  color  and  size:  said  of 
horses.  5.  To  proceed  by  regular  stages;  mark  off  dis- 
tances from  point  to  point.  II.  n.  1.  The  extreme 
space  over  which  the  hand  can  be  expanded:  about  9 
inches;  figuratively,  any  small  interval  or  distance,  in 
space  or  in  time.  2.  The  space  or  distance  between  the 
supports  of  an  arch,  abutments  of  a  bridge,  etc.  3.  (1) 
[U.S.]  A  pair  of  matched  horses,  etc.  (2)  [S.Afr.]  A  team 
of  oxen  or  bullocks,  of  two  or  more  yokes.  4.  That 
which  spans  or  confines;  a  fetter.  [  <  AS.  spannan,  bind.] 

span',  vt.    [S.  Afr.]    To  attach  (a  draft-animal)  to  a  carriage, 
cart,  or  machine: 
often  with  in. 

span3  II,  imp.  of 
spin,  v. 

span'drel,  1  span'- 
drel;  2  span'drel, 
n.  Arch.  The  tri- 
angular space  be- 
tween the  shoulder 
of  an  arch  and  the 
rectangular  figure 
formed  by  the 
moldings,  etc., 
over  it;  also,  the 
space  between  the 
shoulders  of  two  adjoining  arches.  [  <  OF.  explanader, 
level,  <  L.  ex,  out,  +  planus,  level.]     span'drllt. 

span'gl(ep,  1  sparj'gl;  2  span'gl.  I.  vt.  [span'gl(e)dp; 
span'gling.]  To  adorn  with  or  as  with  spangles;  cause  to 
glitter.  II.  n.  1.  A  small  bit  of  brilliant  tin*  or  metal* 
foil,  used  for  decoration  in  dress,  as  in  theatrical  costume. 
2.  Any  small  sparkling  object.    [  <  AS.  spange] 

Span'iard,  1  span'yard;  2  span'yard,  n.  1.  A  native  or 
citizen  of  Spain.     2.  A  prickly  bush  of  New  Zealand. 

span'iel,  1  span'yel;  2  span'yfil,  n.  1.  A  small  or  me- 
dium=sized  dog  having  large  pendulous  ears  and  long 
silky  hair.  See  dog.  2.  One  who  follows  like  a  dog; 
an  obsequious  follower.     [  <  Sp.OF  EspaHol,  Spanish.] 

Span'ish,  1  span'i^h;  2  span'ish.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to 
Spain,  the  Spaniards,  or  their 
language.  II.  n.  The  language 
of  Spain  and  her  colonies.  — 
Spanish  bayonet,  any  one  of 
various  species  of  yucca,  with 
sword=shaped  leaves.  S. 
daggert.— S.  fly,  a  beetle 
of  the  genus  Cantharis. 
See  cantharides.  —  S. 
mackerel.  1.  A  food  -fish 
of  both  coasts  of  the  At- 
lantic. chub'smack"er- 
elt.  2.  A  tropical  Ameri- 
can food=flsh  with  round 
bronze  spots. — S.  main, 
formerly,  that  portion  of 
the  Caribbean  Sea,  adja- 
cent to  the  northeast  coast 
of  South  America.  Inclusive  of  the  route  traversed  by 
Spanish  merchant  ships  in  cruising  between  the  eastern  and 
western  hemispheres. 

spank,  1  spank;  2  spank,  v.  [spanked',  spankt8; 
spank'ing]  I.  (.  1.  To  slap  forcibly  on  the  buttocks, 
as  with  the  palm  of  the  hand,  as  a  punishment,  2.  To 
urge  forward  by  whipping;  cause  to  move  quickly.  II. 
t.  1.  To  move  "briskly,  as  a  horse;  specif.,  to  move  at  a 
gait  between  a  trot-  and  a  gallop.  2.  To  slap  or  pound 
the  water  in  sailing,  as  a  boat—  spank  'er,  n.  1.  One 
who  or  thai  which  spanks.  2.  Naut.  A  fore-and-aft  sail  c-\ 
tended  by  two  spars  from  the  after  side  of  the  ml/./.rnmsst 
In  a  ship  or  bark.  3.  [Colloq  |  Any  person  or  thing  uncom- 
monly large  or  fine.  4.  [Colloq.]  Onewhoorthatwhloh 
proceeds  rapidly.  spank'liig,  pa  I-  Moving  rapidly; 
swlfl;  dashing.     2.  |(  lolloq  I  Uncommonly  large  or  line. 

spank,  ii.     A  smack,  as  on  the  buttocks,  with  open  hand 

gpanleSB,  1  span'les;  2  spau'lcs,  a.    That  can  not  I"-  spai d 

span'ner,  1  span'er;  2  span'er,  r».     1.  One  who  or  that 

which  spans;  specif,  a  form  of  wrench.    2.  A  measuring- 
worm. 
span'aiew",  1  span'-nlu';  2  span'-nii".  a.    [ArohalO  or  Dial  I 

Really  or  freshly  new.  I-    Ice  spUnn,  ohtp.H   nDr,  new.] 
spar1,  1  spar;  2  spar,  tt.    [bparrbd,  bpabd*;  bpar'binqJ 
1.  To  furnish   With  spars;   move  or  lift  by  spars  and 

tackles    'il-  To  fasten,  as  with  b  bolt 


Spanish 
Bayonet 


It.  police:  a  ii         d      " 

,1  I  I  ...  .1  ..  CI 


744 


i> . 
-,-  irk  . 


-P  >r  i  >  . 

I  I 

.'. 
:t.    I 

I 


1  !  ! 

1 1 

-P  vr  iDg-netS,  n 

■• 

litional;  extra. 

t  undant; 

•pare'- 

ii.  «-.  -p  "■■    rib   . 

I  .  I . 

■  r  affed 
'■■ 

II.        I.  An 

. 

•   kindles 

».  ' be   lumi- 

■ 
andescent  particle  thrown  off 

^park'er.   n.     1. 

.   irk-plug. 
-pirk  - 

c.  thr«»J. 

rks:   flan!. 

A  spark  3!r:*Ur- 

sparkler,  n. — 

-li. irk     phi.;    .  '   -  Igniting 

..-  by  means  of 


<fc  ci.     To  woo;  court       II.  1 .  A  man 

er;  suitor.    [Cp.  Ice.  sparkr, 

1.  Jaurr  airy;  gay.     8. 

.-.-1     spark 'ful*. 
s:  2  spark-    land  An  American 

I . 

in  house* 
.'.     ime  other 

spjr'ow.      -par  row  .1)111".  » 
-     gr  i--. 
'...hank,  n.    A  small  lalconold  bird  that  preys 

i.2apar':  ..'ling  In.  or  Uki 

rabie  dis- 

-I..  .  -ii.  -  -.  p  ir  '-l-l> .  n 

I 

Ian  leader 

I.  Pertaining  to 

□during. 
.-.••  of  ex- 
SpM  'l;iii-i-in. 

1    •••..••       2  .-;,':-•:..  .'.-..    -'i'l'l>  n  or  convulsive 

in.     |  < 
■pas-mod  p  .        i . 
nature  of  a  spasm .  [mlsl vc  and 

traaattor]       -pas-mod 'i-ral:.     ipas  modi  eal  b/,   odt. 

spi-'tle,  1  spas'tik:  2  BpSs'tlc.  a 

[<  Cr.  sjxutikot,  <  ipao.  re:.'!  |  --spa-'tl-ral-ly,  ad'. 


.  it  -•.  ease  wl 
ii 


•  P  irk 


I. 


-par  r>. 

-p  ir-e. 


i-fii«.  ; 
>par'tan.   1 

II. 
-pa-.m. 


-p.u  . 


I  l-IM     I  I   !•'  ,    -I-  «  I     IIS..    | 

II.         I.  8p  .«  I.  "i  tholl'fish; 

I.  \  %  nuns,  a 

:  -II  i'  | 

-i.ui.        a  i         ip  lightlj ,  olap  (the 

in   B   |~  I  I  \    (li    puL         II  •         I  • 

In;  -p. in. i 
petty  dispute   [Prob  imitative;  op  pat1,  n  \ 
•pat*, 

-|i.ii  .         \  boo  with  I    itening 

III)  In  plural  i  d  I    spall ',. 

irerfkm     I  ■    ir 
-p  ii  h.  .  I .  pair  of 

ithing  a  floworeluster,  aa  a  ipadu     '■!.  Zool 
:'i ■ .  broad 
■pa  ih. i        ipa-tha'ceous,        Bearing  or  of  the 
nature  of  a  spathe    -pa'tim-..-  t;  spa 'thorn  t.     ipa'tbal, 
i  in.  ..r  relating  u> a  spathe    i  pat  beat. 
-p.uhlc.  |    ipath  ik;  2  spath'ie,  a    Mineral    Of  or  per- 
taining t  -par  i    ■path'oM  ;. 
-p. i  i ill.  ]  Pertai 

r  having  the  nature  of  space     [<  L.  apoftum, 
-pi  .ill        -p. i  i  i.ii-i> . 
ipat'ter,  1    pat'er;  2  ip&t'e]      I.  I.  Po splash 

■ 
sprinkle;  b<  '-'.  To  scatter  over  s  suri 

i  liquid)  by  sprinkling     .1.    I 
fame      II.         ••   I  I       ol  of  spattt  ring,  ..r  the  matter 
b,    'i.  A  pal  ■  I  falling 

r:iin    fFreq    of  SPOT,  v.]     -pal  'Icr-ila-h".  n.   A  legging 
I  ig  in  the  knee  worn  a-  a  protection  fr.iiii  mini:  chiefly 
In  the  plural     spat'ter-dasbed,     Wearing  spattet 
tpat'tei  .lock",  n     The  yellow  pond«lUy 
-p.n  u-ia,  1  spacn'u-Ior  spat'yu-lls;  2  spach'u-f.or  spai'yu-Jla. 
n.    1.    a  long,    narrow    instru- 
tiK-nt .  u-«-<i   to    Bpread    plaster 
and  the  like.    l.Svrg.  An  instru- 
ment used  to  press  the  tongue 
down    or   aside,    as     In     opera- 
tions.    [<  c.r.i-  spathi.  broad-    Bpatulate  Leaves  of  the 

gpat'nlet.      Bpafo-  Wild  Pins 

lafe.  a.    Shaped  like  a  spatula; 

U  nuated  base,  as  many  1. 
-pa\ 'in,  1  -pav'm;  2  spav'in,  n.    A  disease  of  the  hock* 
j, pint  of  horses,  occurring  either  as  an  infusion  of  lymph 
within  the  joint  I  blood '»spav"in  or  bog'  =  -pa\  "in 
as  a  bony  deposit  stiffening  the  joint  (bonc'*s.pa\"fii  . 
[<  OF.  aparrain.}— spav'lned,  a. 
spawn,  1  sp6n;  2  span.     I.  if.  &  vi.     1.  To  produce  as 
spawn;  deposit  eggs  or  roe     '-J.  To  produce  as  offspring; 

be  brought  f.irth  abundantly:  B  contemptuous  use.  II. 
n.     1.    .  of  fishes,  amphibians,  mollusks,  eto., 

especially  in  masse-,  'i.  Derisively,  the  offspring  of  any 
animal;  also,  outcome  or  results;  product;  yield.  8.  The 
spa!  t      4.  Very  small  fish;  fry.     [<  OF. 

•..','.,  ■     l. .  ..r/iando;  see  expand.] 

spay,  1  .-[..".  :.  I"  remove  the  ovaries  from  (a 

female  animal).    [Of  Gaelic  origin  )    spaivt*;. 

8.  p.  c.  a.,  abbr.  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  ''ruelty  to 
Animal  s.  p.  ('.  C.,  abbr.  Society  for  the  Prevention  of 
<  ruelty  to  Children. 

-peak.    1    Bpfk;   2  spek,   r.      [spoke   (spakeII);  spo'ken 
BPOKE     :  -i'i  ak'ini,  ]     I.  t.     1.  To  utter,  as  a  word  or 
words;  utt«-r  in  words;  articulate;  enunciate;  pronounce; 
declare,    'i.  Benoe,  to  cause  to  be  known;  reveal;  dis- 
close;  also,  to  make  public;  herald;  proclaim.    3.  I 
orally    (a   language).     4.   To   hail  and  exchange  com- 
munication- with,  as  a  vessel  at  sea.     5§.  To  produce 
by  a  word;  effect  by  or  as  by  oral  utterance;  as,  to 
speoifc  peace.    II.  i.  1.  To  use  language  orally;  employ 
the  vocal  organs,  as  in  ordinary  speech;  talk.    'i.  To 
deliver  an  adaressj  make  :i  speech.   •'{.  To  be  esrx'ciallv 
•i-  a  picture  or  example.     4.  To  accost,  ad- 
averse  with  another.  i,rccan,  speak.) 

Syn.:  announce,  articulate,  converse,  declaim,  declare,  de- 
liver, dictate,  enunciate  e  utterance  to,  pro- 
nounce gay,  talk,  tell,  utter.    Bee  uwkebs;  talk.  — Prep.: 
peak  with  a  person  (converse 
with  '                        '  or  about  a  thing  (make  It  the  subject  of 
remark.:  speak  on  or  upon  a  subject:  in  parliamentary  lan- 
guage,  speak  lo   the  question      -.pcak'a-hl <e"\   „      That 
or    may    properly,    be    spoken—  speak '=ea-"y,    n. 
loon  where  liquor  is  sold  contrary  to  law. 
-p.ak'er.  n      1.  One  who  -peaks;  an  orator.     2.  [S-]  The 
ding  officer  of  anv  one  of  various  legislative  bo. 

Speak 'er-sblp,  n.    The  offloe  ol  speaker  in  a  legislative 
assembly.— speak  'I  nit,  pa.     Having  the  power  of  effective 
speech;  expressive;  vivid:  telling  -  speak 'Ing-ly,  aAx 
-liear.  1     ;.-:.'    i.."r.  r      I.  f.     To  pierce  or  capture  with  a 
r     II,  i.    To  send  forth  spires,  as  a  plant. 


1:  a  =  final;    i  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    Iu  =  feud;    CTiin;    go;    13  =  sing;    Chin,   this. 
745        2:wplf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


spar 
speech 


spear,  n.  1.  A  weapon  consisting  of  a  pointed  head  on  a 
long  shaft.  2.  A  similar  barbed  instrument,  for  catch- 
ing fish.  3.  [Poet.]  A  spearman.  4.  A  leaf  or  slender 
stalk,  as  of  grass,  sometimes  called  a  spire.  [  <  AS. 
spere,  spear.) — spear'fish",  n.  A  fish  with  a  long  sword» 
shaped  snout,  related  to  the  swordflsh. — spear '=grass",  n. 
Any  one  of  various  grasses,  as  those  known  as  meadoworass, 
or  the  Kentucky  ftte^rass.— spear 'man,  n.  [spear'mex. 
pi.]  A  man  armed  with  a  spear,  spears'mant.— spear'- 
mlnt",  n.  An  aromatic  herb  of  wet  places,  similar  to  pep- 
permint, [cine,  specifically. 

spec,  abbr.     Special,  specially.— spec,  specif.,  abbr.     Spe- 

spe'cial,  1  spesh'al;  2  spesh'al.  I.  a.  1.  Having  in  a 
peculiar  and  distinguishing  degree  some  characteristic 
or  characteristics;  out  of  the  ordinary;  singular  or 
unique ;  express ;  particular.  2.  Designed  for  or  assigned 
to  a  specific  purpose;  limited  or  specific  in  range,  aim,  or 
purpose.  3.  Of  or  pertaining  to,  constituting,  or  desig- 
nating a  species;  specific;  distinguishing;  differential. 
II.  n.  A  person  or  thing  made,  detailed  for,  or  appro- 
priated to  a  specific  service  or  occasion,  as  a  special 
train,  newspaper  issue,  etc.  [  <  L.F  specialis,  <  species; 
see  species.!  Syn.:  see  particular. — spe'cial-ist,  n.  A 
person  devoted  to  some  one  line  of  study,  occupation,  or 
professional  work.— spe"ci-al'i-ty,  1  spesh"i-al'i-ti;  2 
spesh"i-ari-ty.  n.  [-ties2,  pi.)  Specific  or  individual  char- 
acter; peculiarity. — spe'cial-ize,  v.  [-ized;  -iz"ing.]  I.  t. 
To  endow  with  a  specific  character;  modify  and  limit,  as  a 
conception;  adapt  or  set  apart  for  some  special  purpose  or 
use.  II.  i.  To  assume  an  individual  or  specific  character, 
or  adopt  a  singular  or  special  course,  spe'cial-ise}:. — 
spe"cial-i-za'tion  or  -sa'tion,  n. — spe'cial-ly,  adv.  1. 
In  a  special  manner;  particularly.  2.  For  a  specific  pur- 
pose.— spe'cial-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pl.\  1.  An  occupation  or 
study  limited  to  one  particular  line.  2.  An  article  dealt  in 
exclusively  or  chiefly,  or  a  manufactured  product  of  peculiar 
character.    3.  A  sealed  contract;  deed.    4.  A  speciality. 

spe'cie,  1  spI'Shi;  2  spe'she,  71.  Coined  money;  coin.  [L., 
abl.  s.  of  species;  see  species.]    Syn.:  see  money. — In  specie. 

1.  In  coin.    2.  Law.  In  kind;  in  the  shape  mentioned;  in  sort. 
spe'eies,  i  spl'shlz  or  spi'shi-iz;  2  spe'sheg  or  spe'shi-es., 

n.  sing.  &  pi.  1.  A  group  of  animals  or  plants  subordi- 
nate to  a  genus,  having  members  that  differ  among 
themselves  only  in  minor  details  of  proportion  and  color, 
and  capable  of  fertile  interbreeding  indefinitely.  2. 
Logic.  (1)  A  group  of  individuals  or  objects  agreeing  in 
some  common  attribute  or  attributes  and  designated  by 
a  common  name.  (2)  In  definition,  the  common  attri- 
bute or  attributes  of  a  species.  3.  Hence,  in  common 
language,  a  kind;  sort;  variety;  form.  [L.,  look,  form, 
kind,  <  specio,  behold.)  Syn.;  see  sort. 
spe-cif'ic,  1  spi-sif'ik;  2  spe-cif'ic.  I.  a.  1.  Distinctly 
and  plainly  set  forth ;  definite  or  determinate ;  particular. 

2.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  distinguishing  a  species.  3. 
Peculiar;  special.  4.  Med.  Having  some  distinct  medic- 
inal or  pathological  property.  5.  Physics.  Possessed  by 
some  particular  substance  as  distinguished  from  others. 
See  specific  gravity,  below,  spe-cif'i-calj.  II.  n. 
Anything  specific  or  adapted  to  effect  a  specific  result; 
any  medicine  specially  fitted  to  cure  or  prevent  some 
particular  disease.  [<  L.F  species  (see  species)  +  facio, 
make.)— specific  gravity,  the  ratio  of  the  weight  of  a  body 
to  that  of  an  equal  volume  of  some  standard  substance,  wa- 
ter In  the  case  of  solids  and  liquids,  and  air  in  the  case  of 
gases. — s.  name,  the  name  of  a  species;  that  part  of  the  scien- 
tific name  of  an  animal  or  plant  which  designates  the  species 
to  whloli  it  belongs.  It  always  follows  the  generic  name,  and 
usually  begins  with  a  small  Letter. — spc-cif'i-cai-ly,  adv. 

1.  In  a  speciiic  manner;  explicitly;  particularly;  definitely. 

2.  As  regards  specific  nature  or  specific  difference;  as,  being 
specifically  distinct.     3.  In  a  particular  sense  or  case. 

ipec'i-fy,  1  spes'i-fui;  2  spSc'i-fy,  vt.  [-fied;  -fy"ing.] 
1.  To  mention  specifically;  state  in  full  and  explicit 
terms.  2.  To  embody  in  a  specification.  [  <  L.u,+* 
species,  species,  4-  facio,  make.)  spee"l-fl-ca'tioii,  n.  1. 
The  act  of  specifying.  2.  A  definite  and  complete  statement, 
as  In  a  contract;  also,  one  detail  in  such  a  statement 

spec'l-uieii,  1  spes'i-men;  2  spfic'i-meh,  n.  1.  One  of  a 
class  of  persons  or  things  regarded  as  representative  of 
the  class;  an  example;  Bample.  2.  In  botany  and 
zoology,  a  plant  or  an  animal,  en1  ire  01  in  pari ,  prepared 
and  kept  as  an  example,  to  illust  rate  a  species  or  variety. 
[I...  <  specio,  behold.]    Syn.:  see  example;  sample 

spe'eious,  1  spl'shus;  2  spS'shus,  «.  I.  Appearing  right 
and  true;  plausible.    2||.  Pleasing  to  the  view;  snowy, 

I        I.  I  s per losus,  fair.)     Syn.:  see  OSTENSIBLE       spe'eious- 
ly,  </«/'       spc'ciuiis-ncss,  n      spc'VI-os'l-ly  t. 
speck,  1  spek;2spCk.     I1,  vt.     To  spot  or  stain  with  spots; 
speckle.     II.  n,     1.  A  small  spot,;  a  little  stain  or  dis- 
coloration.    2.  Hence,  any  very  small  thing.     (<  AS. 


specca,  speck.)  Syn.:  see  blemish. — speck'I(ep.  I.  vt. 
[speck'led:  speck'ling.)  To  besprinkle  with  spots.  II.  n. 
A  diminutive  spot;  speck. — speck'led,  pa.  1.  Dotted  with 
specks  or  spots.  2.  Of  motley  appearance  or  mixed  character. 

spec'ta-cl(ep,  1  spek'ta-kl;  2  speVta-cl,  n.  1.  That  which 
is  exhibited  to  public  view.  (1)  A  grand  display;  pag- 
eant; parade;  show.  (2)  An  unwelcome  or  deplorable 
exhibition;  a  painful  sight.  2.  pi.  A  pair  of  glasses, 
with  hinged  bows  to  secure  them  before  the  eyes:  used 
to  correct  defects  in  vision,  or  to  protect  the  eyes,  as 
from  glare.  3.  pi.  Zool.  A  marking  resembling  a  pair 
of  spectacles,  as  in  the  spectacled  bear.  [F.,  <  L. 
spectaculum,  <  specio,  freq.  of  specio,  see.) 

Syn.:  display,  exhibition,  pageant,  parade,  scene,  show. 
sight.  See  sight. — spec'ta-cled,  a.  Wearing  spectacles 
or  having  markings  resembling  a  pair  of  spectacles;  as,  the 
spectacled  bear. — spec-tac'u-lar,  a.  Characterized  by 
grand  scenic  display,    -ly,  adv.— spec-tac"u-lar'i-ty,  n. 

Spec- ta 'tor,  1  spek-te'tar  or  -ter;  2  spfc-ta'tor,  n.  1.  One 
who  beholds;  an  eye=witness.  2.  [S-]  The,  an  English 
periodical  conducted  by  Joseph  Addison  and  Sir  Richard 
Steele  from  Mar.  1,  1711,  to  Dec.  6,  1712.  [L.,<spec- 
tatus,  pp.  of  specio,  behold.)  Syn.:  beholder,  bystander, 
looker=on,  observer,  witness. — spec-ta  'tress,  n.  fern. 

spec'ter,  11  spek'tar;  2  speVter,  n.     A  fantom  of  the 

spec'tre,  J  dead  or  of  a  disembodied  spirit;  ghost;  appari- 
tion. [<  L.p  spectrum,  vision.)  Syn.:  apparition,  fantom 
(phantom), ghost,  shade,  spirit. — spec'tral,  a.  1.  Pertaining 
to  a  specter:  ghostly.  2.  Pertaining  to  the  spectrum.  Syn.: 
see  ghastly,    -ly,  adv. — spec-tral'i-ty§,  ti. 

spec'lro-,  1  spek'tro-;  2  spee'tro-.  From  Latin  spectrum:  see 
specter;  a  combining  form. — spee-trol'o-gy,  n.  1.  The 
branch  of  physical  science  that  pertains  to  spectrum  analy- 
sis. 2.  The  science  that  treats  of  specters;  demonology. — 
spec"tro-log'i-cal,  a. — spec"tro-log'i-cal-ly,  adv. 

spec'tro-scope,  1  spek'tro-skop;  2  speVtro-scop,  n.  An 
optical  instrument  for  forming  and  analyzing  the  spectra 
•  of  the  rays  emitted  by  bodies  or  substances. — spee"- 
tro-scop'ic,  a.  spec"tro-scop'i-caIJ. — spec"tro-scop'- 
i-cal-ly,  adv. — spec-tros'co-pist,  n.— spec-tros'eo-py,  n. 
1.  The  branch  of  physical  science  treating  of  the  phenomena 
observed  with  the  spectroscope.  2.  The  art  of  using  the 
spectroscope;  spectrum  analysis. 

spec'trum,  1  spek'trum;  2  spfie'trum,  n.  [spec'tra,  pi.} 
1.  An  image  formed  by  rays  of  light  in  which  the  parts 
are  arranged  according  to  their  refrangibility  or  wave= 
length,  forming  a  band  displaying  the  seven  colors  of 
the  rainbow.  2.  The  image  of  a  bright  object  seen  after 
the  eye  is  withdrawn.    [L. ;  see  specter.] 

spec'u-lar,  1  spek'yu-lar;  2  sp6c'yu-lar,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to 
a  speculum  or  a  mirror;  reflecting.  2||.  Affording  a  view; 
aiding  vision.   [  <  L.  specularis,  <  speculum,  mirror.] 

spec'u-late,  1  spek'yu-let;  2  spec'yu-lat,  vi.  [-LAT*Epd; 
-lat"ing.]  1.  To  form  conjectures  regarding  anything 
without  experiment;  theorize;  conjecture.  2.  To  make 
an  investment  involving  a  risk,  but  with  hope  of  gain. 
[<  L.  speculatus,  pp.  of  specular,  behold,  <  specio,  see. I  — 
spec"u-la'tion,  n.  1.  The  act  of  theorizing;  hence,  a 
theory.  2.  A  risky  investment  for  large  profit.  Syn.:  see 
hypothesis;  thought. — spec'u-la"tiv(e8,  a.  1.  Given  to 
speculation.  2.  Strictly  theoretical.  spec'u-la"(o-ry  1. 
— spec'u-la"tiv(e-ly8,  adr.—  spcc'u-la"tlv(e-ncss!\  n. 
— spec'u-la"tor,  n.    One  who  speculates,  in  any  sense. 

spec'u-lum,  1  spek'yu-lum;  2  speVyu-lum,  n.  [-la,  pi.] 
1.  A  mirror  of  polished  metal.  2.  A  surgeon's  exploring 
instrument,  often  fitted  with  a  mirror  and  light.  3. 
Omith.  A  specially  colored  area  on  the  wing  of  certain 
birds,  as  ducks.    [L.,  <  specio,  see.] 

sped.  Imp.  &  pp.  of  speed,  v. 

Spec,  1  spB;  2  spc,  Maximilian,  Count  von  (1861  -1914).  A 
( lerman  rear«admiral;  defeated  and  sunk  with  his  squadron 

by  the  British  under  Sturdec  off  the  Falkland  Islands 

speech,  1  splch;  2  spSch,  n.    1.  The  faculty  of  expressing 

thought  1>V  spoken  words;  the  power  of  speaking.  2. 
The  act  of  speaking,  or  that  which  is  spoken;  conversa- 
tion; talk;  a  saying  or  remark.     3.  A  puolic  address;  a 

discourse.  4.  A  tongue  or  language;  dialect;  figuratively, 

any  mode  of  expressing  thought  by  sounds  or  signs.     |  < 

AS.  sp&c,  speech,  <  sprecan,  speak  I 

Syn.:  address,  discourse,  discussion,  disquisition,  disserta- 
tion, eloquence,  harangue,  oration,  oratory,  Bermon.    Speech 

IS  the  general  word  for  Utterance  of  thought  In  language.  A 
Speech  Is  the  Slmplesl    mode  ol  delivering  one's  sentiments. 

an  oration  Is  an  elaborate  and  prepared  speech,  a  harangui 

Is  a  vehement  appeal  to  passion,  or  a  Speech  that  has  some 

thing  disputatious  and  combative  in  It.  a  discourse  is  a 
set,  speech  on  a  definite  subject  intended  to  convey  Instruc 

lion.     See  LANGUAGE,      Ant.:  hush,  silence,  stillness. 

speech '1-fy,  vi,    [Humorous.]    To  make  speeches 
gpeech'l-n"er,  n.    speech 'less,  a     i.  \iute,  dumb     'i- 

Silent,      -ly,  adv.     -ncss,  u.      speech 'inak'Vr,  h 


spinel 


i 


'   ■ 


I  i  ..  .  0     not.  Or.    fill!.  '01.'.    bOt,  I'Orn; 

i  i      .»  .       .  i.  i      i   ■■;   1-0;   I  ■  o;  gft,  not.  V,  »On. 


746 


it  I' |   I  I)    IS,.    ] 

:.   help 
'.'.   I 

V,"  ill!.-. 
I 

•  i"  d<  e  i  li 


-I--1. 


i 


ft,  Vt 


:»tii\  . 

«prr.l-..in   .  -I.  r.  \ 

■Ml. 

pared    - 

of  hanwwhorsKs.  -   speed  - 

» .  II. 

eedometer  with  Section  ol 
Removed,     showing 
1  i' "  '''•'    >  •    .       Mechanism. 
1 

*t.  Imnr  on  which  r*rt»  %rr  »«vniM.,l: 

t  har.. 

'    IttllJlM    drill  ;- 
.'.    (hlfl; 


-!••  Ml    l-l>  . 
in  »-.     . 
-I-  ke.    |    iplk;   2 
llannliik' 


speed  'I 


•!>«' 


-p.  Ir 


/.  aluminum  .li#k  (Maand  le  »hift  »)  oa 

_       .     .        g,  niM  PlftU;  K.  drlvlor-odomcter  pinion. 
lolll] 

DgllBh  African  explorer:  dls- 
■  :iza. 

I'm limb    spellj. 
;  Ti>  Inquire;  ask.    [<  AS. 
in  .peer  at,  to  question. 

A  metallic  compound,  as  of  eop- 

and  nickel  with  arsenic  and  sulfur,  used  in 

:.g.    [  <  G.  .-;•■   s< .  food.] 

spell  .  [spelled  or  spelt,  speld8; 

>pelr,  1  SPBXl/nra  1     I.  I.     1.  To  pronounce  or  writ'    the 

ion;  give  tin-  letti  rs 

of  in  their  order,    S.  .  r  the  letters  or  characters 

of;  decipher,  as  an  inscription;  puzzle  out  and  learn: 

r  out.     3.  To  cast  a  spell  upon; 

fascinate;  bewitch.     II.  i.     1.  To  frame  words  out  of 

totally  to  do  so  with  accuracy.    2.  [Poet.  & 

Rare.]    To  oon template;  meditate.     [<  AS.  apetlian, 

disclose.  <  sptl.  narrative  j  — spell 'er,n.    1.  One  who  spells. 

2.  A  spelling-book      spelling,  n.     1.  The  act  of  one  who 

spell-  '   spelling;  also,  orthography.     S. 

The  ■  1  Is  spelled.  — spell'lngsbook'',  n. 

A  book  of  exercises  In  spelling. 

■  pell  .  -!  f.i.L'iM.  ]   [Colloq.]  To  relieve  tempora- 

'  fur  a  time.  [  <  AS.  sp,  linn.] 

tpetl  .         L  A  turn  ol  duty  in  relief  of  another,    2.  An 

assigned  quantity  of  work,  or  the  period  during  which 

ft.  [<  \  ■•   ■n  period  of  time. 

-p<-ll-.    ■■      A   formula  used  a.*  a  charm;  incantation; 

ination.    |  •  ile.l — spell '- 

blnd".  Dd  or  enthrall  as  If  by  a  spell.-  spell'- 

bind"iT.  tsaspell  over  others;  specif., 

apolitical  orator.  — ••pell 'bound",  n.     Bound  as  by  a  spell. 

•  in  it)  .  .'.  n     A  cereal  intermediate  between 

,"  it.] 
»pel'UT,  ■      Ztac:  a  commercial  term. 
*pcnce.  1  spene;  2  spenc,  n.    1.  [Prov.  Eng.  <»r  One 

parlor  of  a  col '     •     '." .  i  Kpense. 
■  'I   .  =  denptruc,  <  L.  dlspendo;  see  BP1     D       ipenset. 
*p«-n'r»T.  ispen'cer.a.    Bame as tbtb ail 

sp^n'cer^   r.      l.  ai:   overcoat  of  the  early   19tb  century, 
shorter  tha:.  ;  milar  outer  garment 

9fM  ii   i  ■  r  .  II.  rb.  rl 

nenl  of  organic  and  social  evolution. 
Spt  n-<  i-'ri-an,    1  I . 

'.'.  Pertaining  ' o 
I  bj  i '  i ;   - 
abou-  .  -  BpOD-ee'rt-an,         I  follower  of  Herbert 

>pcn  Ver-lsm,   •       PI  I 

.,f  evolution 

-in  ii-.  .    rl-.iii-l-iii    . 

sD*nd.  -i'l.M.'lM,   |      I.    I        i. 

;>■  out,  as  money,  in  making  purchases      2.  To 

:i.    : 
•y,  am  time.     4.  To  wear  out  with  effort;  • 
use  up:  often  reflexive.;        .">. 


-#^ 


now  chief))  in  the  nautical  phra*  to  spend  .»  mast. 
ft.  To  emit,  as  milt.  II.  i.  ro  disburse  mono)  '.'. 
I.,  waste  or  wear  awa)      :i-  l"  emit  spawn,  milt,  etc 

1      >  •      ,  III  .    I   \  II   M.   I     8 

ii,       spend  'llirlft".     I.                        ol)  lavish     II. 
tefull)  lavish  of  mom       spend  er : . 
sp.  ii  'aer,  I  Edmund        \o 

I   ll>;llsll  |>.irl  Q  .  etc 

Npriii.   i     pent;  J  spdnt,  pa      Worn  out   or  exhausted. 

■pent    b.ill,  h  rllle-ball  or  iniiiioii-liull   WhOBS  Bpeod 

hue,  i  that  ii  is  Incapable  of  penetrating  an 

sperm1,  l  spunn;  'J  sperm,  n     Same  aa  iemhn,  n.,  I. 

i  i    tptrma,  ■    Or.  tpertna,  ■    tpttrB,  sotn  : 

•.per  in.i-r> ,  i        sit     .,    :     I  testicle,  or  an  equivalent 

ur>;:iii     sper-maflCi  o     I,  Of,  pertaining  to,  conveying, 

or  containing  semen     'i.  <  >r  or  pertaining  to  the  ipermary. 

sperm1!   n      I.    \  spenn»whals      'i.  Spermaceti 

ipei  m  s  oe  t  i-oil. 

ISliurt  foi  SF1  km  v- 
i  i  1 1  |  sperm'" 
oil",  n  on  obtained 
frmn  soerowhale 
blubber,    ■••whale, 

>1  A  Wl: 

«:irm    seas,    having  Snerin-whale 

the  bead  high   and  '  lut'     /"' 

truncate  In  front,  and  teeth  In  the  lower  Jaw  onlj  Some 
males  attain  a  length  of  BO  feet  The  oil  contained  In  the 
ease  above  the  skuii  yields  Bpermacetl,  and  the  blubber 
yields  sperm-oil. 

sptT"nia-ce'tl,  1  spur'me-el'ti  or  -eat'i;  2  Bp6r"ma-c6'ti 
Bt'i,  n.    A  white,  brittle,  fatty  substance  contained 
in  siiliitiim  in  the  head  of  tin-  sperm*whale.    |I;.,  <  L. 
a, seed, spawn,   Kcsti.gen  s  of eetus, whale.] 

sper'ma-to-phytc,  1  spfjtrme-to-fait;  2  sp6r/ma-to-f9t, 
n.     Any  seed*bearing  or   Bowering   plant.     |<    (!r. 

..'I/-1.  seed.  +  /i)r.  ton,  plant   !      sper"ma-t«-pll)  t  'Ir,  n. 

spet,lapet;2spet,c.  [Diai.orubs.j  Tosplt.— spet.n.  Bplttle. 

Spe)  'er,  1  Rpal'ar:  2  spy'er.  n.     A  city  In  Rhine  Palatinate; 

a  diet  held  here  in  1529  originated  the  name  "Protestant." 

Spel'ert;  spires;. 
spew,  1  spiii;  2  spu,  vt.  &  ri.     To  vomit  up;  vomit;  cast 

forth.    [<  AS.  sjninin,  spit]    spue}, 
sp.  kt.,  nbhr.    Speelllc  gravity. 

Spliag'nuiii,  1  sfag/num;  2  sfSS'num,  n.  \  genua  of  whitish- 
gray  mosses  constituting  the  family  Spnagnacese,   the 

bOR»  or  peat»mosses.     [<   Gr.  sphagrws-,  kind  of  mc 
spiuiK'nous,  a.    Pertaining  to  or  abounding  in  Bphagnum. 

sphal'er-lte,  1  Bfal'sr-alt;  2  sfal'er-It,  n.  A  resinous  to 
adamantine,  yellow,  brown,  or  black,  transparent  to  translu- 
cent zinc  sullld.     [<  Gr.  sphaleros.  slippery,  <  sphatlO,  trip.) 

sphe'noid,  1  sfl'neid;  2  sfe'n&id,  o.  1.  Wedge-shaped; 
as,  the  sphenoid  bone,  'I.  ( >f  or  pertaining  to  the  sphe- 
noid bone,  a  wedge-shaped  hone  at  the  base  of  the  skull. 
[<  Gr.  sp/iln,  wedge,  +  eidos,  form] 

sphere, )  1  sflr;  2  sfer.    I.  vt.    [sphered;  spher'ing.]    1. 

sfere1',  )  To  place  in  a  sphere;  set  among  the  spheres. 
2.  To  make  spherical.  3.  To  encircle;  encompass.  4§. 
To  cause  to  revolve,  as  in  an  orbit.  II.  n.  1.  A  solid 
every  part  of  whose  surface  is  equidistant  from  a.  point 
wit  lun  called  the  center;  a  I -i  i.  the  surface  of  such  a  solid. 
".'.    \nv  approximately  globular  body;  a  globe;  ball. 

Specifically:  ill  One  of  the  heavenly  bodies;  a  planet, 
sun,  or  star.  (2)  An  artificial  globe  representing  the 
earth  or  the  apparent  heavens.  •'!.  Field  of  action,  in- 
fluence, or  existence,  [<  F.  sphere,  <  L.  sphsera  (< 
<;r  sph'iira),  sphere.]— celestial  sphere  (Aslron.),  the 
spherical  surface  on  which  the  heavenly  bodies  appear  to 
lie.  spher'le,  '/  1.  Pertaining  to  the  heavenly  bodies; 
celestial.  2.  Spherical,  spher'l-eal,  a.  I.  Shaped  like 
a  sphere;  globular.  2.  Pertaining  to  a  sphere.  Syn.:  see 
ouhkii.ah;  hoini).  spher'1-cal-ly,  adr .-  spher'l-eal- 
ness,  a.  sphe-rlc'l-ty,  n.  The  state  Of  being  a  sphere; 
spherical  form,  spher'lcs,  r».  Math.  Tint  geometry  and 
trigonometry  of  the  sphere.— sphe'rold,  n.  A  body  having 
nearly  the.  form  of  a  sphere,  sphe-rol'dal,  «.  sphe-rol'- 
ilic:;  sphe-rol'dl-cal:.  spher'ule,  n.  A  minute  sphere. 
globule,  spher'u-lar,  a.  splier'y,  n  [Poet  or  Obs.]  1. 
Like  a  sphere  or  star.  2.  Of  or  relating  to  the  celestial  spheres. 
sphlnc'ter,  1  Biink't8r;2sflDc'terl  n.  \  muscle  thai  surrounds 

an  opening  or  lube  and  serves  to  close  It.  [I.I..,  <  Gr. 
sphlnktlr.  <  sphlngu.  close  | 

sphinx,  I  1  sfiijks;  2  stinks,  n.    [sphinx'es  or  bphin'oi  », 

sfinx'',  ji  j)l.\  1.  (s-  or  S-]  Hi  Myth.  A  winged  monster, 
with  a  woman's  head  and  a  lion's  body,  that  destroyed 

unable  to  guess  riddles  she  propounded.     See 

(Edipis  and  PTBAMXD.  2.  I'Jf/ypt.  Myth.  A  wingless 
monster  with  a  lion's  body  and  the  head  of  a  man  or 
woman,  or  of  a  ram,  hawk.  etc.  8.  A  mysterious  or  enig- 
matical person,  4.  A  large,  stout  bodied,  swift-flying 
moth.  [L.,  <  Gr.  sphinx,  <  8vhing6,  strangle.] 


1: ft  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cfhin;    go;    rj  =  sln0;    Chin,   this.  speed 

747         2:  wolf,  dft;   bdok,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    bOrn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.         spinet 


Sphygmograph. 


sphra-gis'tics,  1  sfra-jis'tiks;  2  sfra-gis'tics,  n.  The  study 
of  engraved  seals,  Including  their  authenticity,  age,  his- 
tory, etc.    [  <  Gr.  sphragistikos,  of  sealing,  <  sphragis,  seal.] 

sphyg'mlc,  1  sfig'mik;  2  sfyg'mie,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  pulse; 
pulsatory.  [  <  (jT.sphygmikos.ot  the  pulse,  <  sphygmos,  pulse.] 

sphyg'mo-,  1  sfig'mo-;  2  sfyg'mo-.  From  Greek  sphygmos, 
pulse:  a  combining  form. 
— sphyg'mo-gram,  re.  A 
series  of  connected  curves 
traced  by  a  sphygmograph. 
—  sphyg'mo-graph,  re. 
An  instrument  that,  when 
applied  over  the  heart  or 
an  artery,  notes  and  re- 
cords the  character  of  the  pulse  and  its  rate,  force,  and 
variations.  —  sphyg"mo-graph'lc,  a.  —  sphyg-mog'ra- 
phy,  re. 

sphyg'mus,  1  sfig'mus;  2  sfyg'mus,  re.  Physiol.  The  pulse. 
[L.,  <  Gr.  sphygmos,  pulse. J — sphyg'moid,  a.    Pulse-like. 

sphynx,  re.    Same  as  sphinx  :  an  incorrect  form. 

spi'cate,  1  spai'ket;  2  spi' eat,  a.  1.  Bot.  Arranged  in  spikes: 
said  of  flowers.  2.  Ornilh.  Having  a  spur.  [<  L.  spico,  pp. 
spicatus,  spiked,  <  spica,  spike.]     spi  'eal  I ;  spi'cat-ed  I . 

spice,  1  spais;  2  spTc.  I.  vt.  [spiced1;  spic'ing.]  To 
season  with  spice;  figuratively,  to  add  zest  or  piquancy 
to.  II.  n.  1.  An  aromatic,  pungent  vegetable  sub- 
stance, as  cinnamon,  cloves,  etc.,  used  to  flavor  food 
and  beverages;  also,  such  substances  collectively.  2. 
That  which  gives  zest  or  adds  interest.  3.  [Poet.]  An 
aromatic  odor;  an  agreeable  perfume.  [<  OF.  espice, 
<  L.  species;  see  species.] — splce'bush",  n.  An  aromatic 
American  shrub  of  the  laurel  family,  the  leaves  of  which  have 
been  used  for  tea,  and  the  drupes,  when  powdered,  for  all- 
spice.— spic'er,  re. — spic'er-y,  n.  1.  Spices  collectively  or 
a  place  where  spices  are  kept.  2.  Spicy  property  or  charac- 
ter; also,  that  which  has  spiciness. — spic'y,  a.  [spic'i-er; 
spic'i-est.]  1.  Containing,  flavored,  or  fragrant  with  spices. 
2.  Producing  spices.  3.  Having  zest  or  pungency;  highly 
flavored.    Syn.:  see  racy. — spic'i-ly,  adv. — spic'i-ness,  re. 

spick,  1  spik;  2  spik,  a.  [Colloq.]  Tidy  and  fresh,  as  if  new. — 
spick  and  span,  perfectly  new,  or  looking  as  if  new. 

spic'ule,  1  spik'yiil;  2  spie'yul,  n.  A  small,  slender, 
sharp=pointed  body.  Specifically:  (1)  Zool.  A  small, 
needle-like  body,  as  in  sponges.  (2)  Bot.  A  diminutive 
spike;  a  spikelet.  (3)  pi.  Meteor.  Sharp,  slender  crystals  of 
frost  or  ice.  [  <  L.  spiculum,  dim.  of  spicum,  point,  spike 
spic'u-lat.  —  splc'u-lar,  a. 
Of  or  like  a  spicule;  bearing 
spicules,     spic'u-latej:. 

spi'der,  1  spai'dar;  2  spi'der, 
re.  1.  An  insect=like  crea- 
ture that  spins  a  thread 
and  makes  webs  to  catch 
its  prey,  as  flies  or  other 
insects.  2.  A  crab  with 
long,  thin  legs,  spi'der* 
crab"J.  3.  A  long=handled 
frying=pan  or  other  imple- 
ment supposedly  resem- 
bling a  spider.  [ME.  spin- 
nere,  spither,  <  AS.  spinnan, 
spin.] 

spie'gel-el"sen,  1  spl'gel-ai"sen;  2  spe'gel-rsen,  re.  Metal.  A 
white  cast  iron  containing  manganese,  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  steel  by  the  Bessemer  process.  [G.,  <  Spiegel,  a 
mirror,  +  eisen,  iron.]    spie'gelt;  sple'gel=l"roui. 

spier,  1  spir;  2  sper,  vt.  &  vi.    [Scot.]    Same  as  speer. 

spl'er,  1  spai'ar;  2  spl'er,  re.  [Prov.  Eng.)  A  spy;  scout. 

spig'ot,  1  spig'at;  2  spig'ot,  n.  A  plug  or  faucet  for  the 
bung-hole  of  a  cask;  also,  a  turning  plug  fitting  into  a 
faucet.     [  <  Ir.  spiocaid,  dim.  of  spice,  spike.] 

spike,  1  spaik;  2  spik.  I.  vt.  [spiked';  spik'ing.]  1.  To 
fasten  with  spikes;  provide  with  spikes.  2.  To  stop  the 
vent  of  (a  cannon),  as  with  a  spike.  II.  n.  1.  A  stout 
piece  of  metal,  like  a  large  nail,  but  thicker  in  propor- 
tion. 2.  A  projecting,  pointed  piece  of  metal,  or  any 
similar  object,  as  in  the  soles  of  shoes  to  keep  the 
wearer  from  slipping.  3.  A  steel  pin  for  plugging  can- 
non-vents. 4.  An  ear,  as  of  grain.  3.  A  flower-cluster 
in  which  there  are  numerous  flowers  arranged  closely 
on  an  elongated  common  axis.  [  <  L.  spica,  spike.] — 
spike  lavender,  a  shrub  of  the  mint  family  allied  to  the 
lavender  and  yielding  an  oil  used  for  varnishes.  French 
lavender}. — spike'let,  re.  A  secondary  spike,  as  In  grasses. 
— splk'y,  a.    Resembling  a  spike;  pointed. 

spike'nard,  1  spaik'nard;  2  spik'nard,  re.  1.  An  ancient 
fragrant  and  costly  ointment  prepared  mainly  from  a 
plant  of  the  same  name.  2.  A  perennial  herb  of  the 
valerian  family.  3.  An  American  herb  of  the  ginseng 
family.  4.  Any  one  of  various  vegetable  oils.  [  <  L.or 
spica,  spike.  +  nardus  nard.J 


Garden-spider. 


spile,  1  spoil;  2  spil,  vt.  [spiled;  spil'ing.]  1.  To  pierce 
for  and  provide  with  a  spigot.    2.  To  drive  spiles  into. 

spile,  1  spoil ;  2  spil,  n.  1.  A  large  timber  driven  into  the 
ground  to  serve  as  a  foundation;  a  pile.  2.  A  wooden 
pin  used  as  a  spigot.  3.  [U.  S.]  A  spout  driven  into  a 
sugar-maple  tree  to  lead  the  sap  to  a  bucket,  sap'' 
spile"!.  [<  D.  spijl,  bar.]— spile '=hole",re.  A  vent,  as 
in  the  top  of  a  cask. — spil'ing,  re.  Spiles  collectively;  piling. 

spil'1-kin,  n.    Same  as  jackstraw,  n.,  2. 

spil(Ip,  1  spil;  2  spil,  v.  [spilled  or  spilt,  spild8;  spill'- 
ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  suffer  to  fall  or  run  out,  as  a  liquid; 
lose,  as  from  a  package,  as  a  powdery  substance.  2. 
To  cause  to  be  shed;  cause  to  be  poured  forth;  shed. 

3.  Naut.  To  empty  of  wind  in  order  to  furl,  as  a  sail. 

4.  [Colloq.]  To  throw  or  turn  out;  throw.  II.  i.  To 
run  out  or  over,  especially  over  an  edge;  be  scattered  or 
lost  and  wasted.    [  <  AS.  spillan,  destroy.] 

spill1,  n.  [Colloq.]  1.  A  fall  to  the  ground,  as  from  a 
vehicle;  tumble.    2.  A  downpour,  as  of  rain. 

spill2,  n.  1.  [Prov.]  A  thin,  slender  piece  of  anything,  as 
a  slip  of  wood,  a  rolled  strip  of  paper  for  lighting  lamps, 
etc.    2f.  A  small  sum  of  money ;  small  gift  or  reward. 

spilt,  1  spilt;  2  spilt,  imp.  &  pp.  of  spill,  v. 

spilth ||,  1  spilth;  2  spilth,  re.  That  which  is  spilled  or  poured 
out  profusely;  effusion;  excess  of  supply. 

spin,  1  spin;  2  spin,  v.  [spun,  formerly  span;  spun;  spin'- 
ning.]  I.  t.  1.  To  draw  out  and  twist  into  threads, 
either  by  hand  or  by  machinery.  2.  To  form  by  or  as  by 
drawing  out  and  twisting;  as,  to  spin  yarn.  3.  To  pro- 
duce as  by  spinning;  compose;  tell:  frequently  with  out. 
4.  To  cause  to  whirl  rapidly,  as  a 
top;  twirl.  5.  To  spend  or  wear  away 
slowly;  spend  by  delays;  protract. 
II.  i.  1.  To  draw  out  and  twist  fiber 
into  threads,  yarn,  etc.  2.  To 
extrude  filaments  of  a  viscous 
substance,  as  spiders  and  silk- 
worms, and  form  them  into 
webs  or  cocoons.  3.  To  whirl  or 
turn  round  rapidly,  as  a  top.  4. 
To  issue  in  a  small  threadlike 
stream;  spurt.  [<AS.  spin- 
nan,  spin.]— spin 'ner,  re.  1.  s=- 
One  who  or  that  which  spins. 
2.  A  spinneret.  3.  A  spider. 
— spin'ning=jen"ny,  re.  A 
framed  mechanism  for  spin- 
ning more  than  one  strand  of 
yarn  at  a  time.-spin'ning*  Spinning-wheel. 

wheel",  re.  A  household  im-  "»  «heel;  >>•  puiiej;  c,  opin.iie; ,;.  <HataB. 
plement    formerly    used    for 

spinning  yarn  or  thread,  consisting  of  a  rotating  spindle 
operated  by  a  fly-wheel  and  treadle. 

spin,  n.  1.  An  act  or  instance  of  spinning;  a  rapid  whirl- 
ing.   2.  [Colloq.]  Any  rapid  movement  or  action. 

spin'ach, )  1  spin'ij  or  spin'icli;  2  spin'ag  or  spin'ach,  n. 

spin 'age,  J  An  edible  garden  annual  pot-herb  or  its  fleshy 
leaves.  1LL.°F  spinacia.  <  L.  spina,  thorn.] 

spl'nal,  spi'nate.    See  under  spine,  n. 

spin'dl(ep,  1  spin'dl;  2  spin'dl.  I.  vi.  [spin'dl(e)dp; 
spin'dling.]  To  grow  long  and  slender.  II.  re.  1.  A 
slender  rod  or  pin,  especially  one  that  rotates,  as  in  the 
spinning=wheel,  and  on  which  something  may  be  wound. 
2.  Something  resembling,  or  conceived  to  resemble,  such 
a  rod  or  pin.  [<  AS.  spindle,  <  spinnan,  spin.]— spln'dle  = 
legged",  a.  Having  long,  slender  legs.  .s.=sliankcdt.— s.» 
legs,  re.  A  person  having  long  Blender  legs,  s.sshankst.— 
spin'dling,  a.     Long  and  thin;  disproportionately  slender. 

spin'drlft,  1  spin'drift;  2  spln'drlft,  re.  Naut.  lilown  spray 
or  scud,    spoon 'drlfl  ! . 

spine,  1  spoin;  2  spin,  n.  1.  The  spinal  column  of  a  verte- 
brate; back»bone.  2.  Bot.  A  stiff,  sharp«pointed  woody- 
process;  thorn.  3.  A  projecting  eminence  or  ridge.  [  < 
OF.  es pine,  <  L.  spina,  spine.] —  spl'nal,  o.  1.  Pertaining 
to  the  back-bone.  2.  Pertaining  to  a  thorn;  thorny.— spl'- 
nal column,  a  column  of  ring-like  bones  thai  enclose  the 
spinal  cord;  back-bone.  See  illus.  on  next  page,  spi'nate. 
a.  Spine-like,  or  bearing  spines,  spl'nal-ed  J.  splnc'less, 
a.  Lacking  a  spine;  hence,  Without  decision  of  character. 
— spl'nose-ly,  adv.— spl-nos'l-ty,  n.  1.  Tin'  state  of  being 
spinous.  2.  A  spinous  part  or  thing. — spi 'nous,  a.  1. 
Having  spines.  2.  Spine-like;  prickly.  spl'noset. 
spln'ule,  re.  A  small  spine;  spicule. -spin 'y,  «.  [spin'ier; 
spin'i-est.]  1.  Having  spines;  thorny.  2.  Difficult;  per- 
plexing.— splii'l-iiess,  n. 

spin 'el,  1  spln'el  or  spi-nel';  2  spln'el  or  spl-nel',  n.  A  hard 
mineral  of  various  colors,  the  red  variety  of  which  Is  used 
as  a  gem  under  the  name  of  spinel  ruby.  [<  V.  spindle, 
<  L.  spina,  spine.]  (the  harpsichord  class. 

spln'et,  1  spin'et;  2  spIn'Ct,  n.    A  musical  instrument  of 


v       i  i  .  I  i  ..    -ot.Ar:  full,  rttle;  but,  I'flrn; 

I  i     .(  .  .        ,  It,  loo;  I  i  .,,.,.      mi ■,.        ;is 


thorn,  iplnr 


1 


: 

H< 

\ 


-3 


-|un    -t<  r. 


I. 

■    en  tin 
!   . 

\  S 

-pir  .i-i  I.  , 

1 . 

r.  -piration; 
.'. 

iping 

-pl-r  1     ,.  I.    \ 

1.  I. 

w  I  •  .'.  .-  and  :i'l- 

:{.  Winding  and  ris-Human      Spinal 

II.  r».      '  "ri1     :""'     a 
1  ,  ,)  j ,.,       \  ertebra, 

Unusily   increases  its,,. 
:t.    - ome- 

<.pl   r.iul . 


- 1 » 1   r.il.    1    -;-.. 


spin 


-pin-  • 


~- 1 » I  r;il-l> . 
at  characterized 

k'inc-..]    I.  t.    To  fur- 
II.       1.  To  put  forth  a  spire 
at  up  in  or  '.'.    1 

J  ting. 
r.  r».     1.  The  tapering  nr  pyramidal 
.'.  nder  -talk  or 

nything.    4.  S 
-pirt-tl,  a.    Having  :t  spire. 
spirt3,        l.  turn  of  one;  whorl;  twist. 

■  J  formed  by  a  >iri«l«-  rev- 
■.  coil.] 
-pir  n.  I   .  I. 

il  by  the  agency  of  a  spirit ; 
'.'   .  ;.irit.     II.  n.     1. 

: 

lity,  and  the 

.    material  properties,     2.  The 

pan  :!.'l  is  invisible  and 

t.  connected  with  a 

2      -  I   Theol.  The 

rrinil 

fairy,  or  tin-  like  '  lodied 

I,  tuliar  ability, 

•"1.    \r<l'.r; 

dash  '■■  r  or  mind.    7.  Pervading 

infl-j-  ■;   peculiar  charact 

fjual.'         J.  led  to  formal 

ft.  rang  distilled 

cohol:  commonly  in  the 

in.  volatile  principle  in 

II.  .  air;  breeze;  wind; 

••■inir.  < 

jptr.  ■  BAOB;    MIMj: 

-pir  It-ed,  mated.    Syn.: 

seeB\         -pir'it-.<i-i) .  spirlt-ed-ncaa,  n     -plr'- 

it-iti.- 

tero.-  -pir  It-l-rn,  1 

a    lOOM    usaim.     2.    I'h  -plr'lt-l-t.    n.     A 

believer    In  -pir  "It-l-ile,  a.     splr'lt-l' --. 

1.    Havlne  no  spirit:    dejected.     2.  Dead;  lifeless.    Syn.: 


11  -.11  1  wiu.u  •  -|>lr  'I  *  — 1«-  —  ■ — 1> , 

-pir  ii-lc---in---.         null  11  lei  'i.                        fcvsi., 

-pir  11-. .ii~  .1  1.  lined      '-'•  Bplrl 
I 

-pir   1-1 11-  il. 

I      '  ■  li  -i  in 

1 1  .   nnl ui.-  oi    [-il 

.     lli.1  Mutual, -n.-il   11  il  ui.    01    '  OUl 

t.  ■  ■!.  In  •  Hpiril . 

law,  or  to  the  •■•ui  as  acted  upon  bj  the  Bolj  spun . 
holy :  pure     I.  Sacrod  01  not  lay  or  temporal; 

;■.  M       .1  bj  the  lughi  il  qu  ilitii  1  ol  ile- 
human  mind  «.  spiritual  1  inn  1 

-pir    l-l  ll-.il-l-lll.  1        I.     I  In- l.,-|l.-f  that  llcpall- 

■  tie  witii  men,  or  the  practises  connected  with  II     '-'• 

1     1  in-  doctrine  thai  the  ■  no!  cognizable 

by  tin--,  n  .-.  -pirn-i-m  rhe  doctrine  that  man  has  an 

Immortal  spirit  anil  moral  reUtlOl  I  helUtUltlOD 

nl  philosophy:  iipp....i  to  iplrltual  phlloa 

ophj  to  of  bolng  spiritual      -pir'i-tu-ai-i-t. 

-pir "l-lu-.il-l-'llr.  s;ilr"l-tu-nl'l-().    n 

pi.]    1.  r  being  spiritual.    >.  That  which  bi 

to  the  Church  or  to  an  i-iri.--ia.-ii.-:  opp 

-pir'i-tii-al-i/c.  "  1  iesd;  -i/.'im;  ]  in  render  spiri- 
tual -|ilr"i-lu-.il-l-/.r  ..r  -Sa'ltlOIl,  -plr'l-tll-al- 
1/          -I-"  it,           -p;r'l-tu-al-l>.  adt         pir'l-Cll-al-t>  1. 

n.     1.   1  ecl  illectlvelj ,   the  atari 

t  iiuri-h  revenues;  tithes. 
splr"l-tu-elle',  1  -|.ir"i-ti\M-l';  2  spTr"i-tfi-<vT,  a.    Char- 
acterized by  refinement,  grace,  and  delicacy:  said  ol 
women,    [Fj 

spir'i-lll-ous,  1  -pir'i-.  liu-us  or  -it-yu-us;  2  splr'i-chu  u- 

or  -it-vu-u-.  a.     I.  Containing  alcohol;  intoxi 

distilled,     "il.  Bpirit»like;  ethereal.     Sf> Lively; gay, 
spi-roni'e-ter,  l  spaj-rem'i-ter;  2  spl-rom'e-ter,  n.     An 

instrument  for  measuring  tin-  capacity  of  the  lungs. 

[<  L.  tpiro,  breathe,    1    -iobtbr.]    spi"ro-mct 'ric,  a,   ■ 

spl-rom'e-tr] . 
-plrt,   .  .\  n.    Same  osspttbt. 
splr'y',  1  spolr'i:  2  splr'y.  a.     1.  Pertaining  to  a  spin-.     '.». 

Abounding  In  Bplres.    S.  Saving  a  spin-. 
splr'>  .1;     Saving  the  form  of  a  spiral;  coiled;  whoTled 
spit1,  1  -pit;  2  -pit.     I.  1!    a  ,t.     [spit;  spat:  formerly 

...  ]      1.   To  eject    (saliva, 

2).  To  make  a  noise  like  that  made 
in  ejecting  saliva.  :{.  To  come  down  in  scattering  drops 
or  flakes.  IT.n.  1.  Spittle;  saliva.  2.  An  act  of  spitting. 
3.  The  spawn  of  [■     V8     pUtan, 

spit  ;    splt'tle,  n.  The  fluid  secreted  bj  the  mouth;  saliva; 
-pit-tniin'.  n.     a  receptacle  for  expectorations, 
spit-.     I.  it.     [si'It'tkd'1;  simt'tinc..]     1.  To  transfix  with 
with  a  spit.    'i.  'J  0  b    tick.    II.".    1.  A 

pointed  ro.l  on  which  meat  is  turned  and  roasted  before 
a  fire.     -.  A  point  of  low  land,  or  a  long  narrow 
extending  from  a  shore  into  the  water.    (<  AS 
spit  ]  |tlc=housc"t. 

splt'al*.  n.     A  hospital,      spit  'aMiouse"+;  spit  'tli't;  spll  '- 
spltcli'cock",  1  sph  li'laik":  :j  spirh'i  ok".     I.  Si.     To  split  ami 

broil,  as  a  bird  or  fish.    II.  n.    An  eel  split  and  broiled.    [- 

-11 .  I  .  n.] 
spile,  1    pait;  2  spll      I.  vt.    |-i-ii 'i.u,!;  si-it'inc]    I.  To 
pite  toward;  vex  maliciously:  thwart.    2||. 
To  hll  with  spite;  offend;  vex.    II.  n.    1.  Malicious  bit- 
terness pr pting  to  vexatious  acts;  grudRe.    '*•  Thai 

which  is  done  in  spite;  vexation;  annoyance.  [Abbr.  of 
pi  -1-riK.  n.]  Syn.:  sec  enmity;  hatred.— In  spite  of  or 
spite  of,  formerly,  in  contempt  of;  now ,  notwithstanding. 

-plte'flll,  '/.  1.  I  illeil  with  spite.  '1.  Prompted  by  Bplte. 
Syn.:w-e  lUUCIOT  B.      splte'ful-ly.odr.— spite 'ful-ness,  rt. 

spit'Hre",  1  -pit'iuir";  2  splt'fir",  rt.    A  quiok«tempered 

person  who  is  given  to  saying  spiteful  things, 
spit/.  1  One  of  a  breed  of  small  dogs  with 

nuzzle.   [G.,<  spitee,  point.]   Bplta'«dog"t. 
Spl(z'i>er"Kon,  l  Bplts'bOr'gen  or  Bplts-bergen;  2  spits'iirr'- 

i  .roup  of  islands  in  Arctic  ocean. 

Bpltz'en-burg,  1    pit  j'en-bflrg;  2 splts'6n-bttrg,n.  A  variety  of 

apple,  yellow  and  i  prized  for  Its  delicate  flavor. 

-plain  li  Die.  1  spiank'nik;  2  splapc'nle.    I.  a.     Pertaining 

Supplying  the  viscera.     II.  n.     A  splanchnic  nerve. 

ptanchntm,  entralL] 

splash,  i    rplasl  ;  2  splash.    I',  vt.  &  vi.    1.  To  dash  or 

tter  (a  liquid)  about.     2.  To  spatter,  wet,  or  soil 

with  a  liquid  dashed  about,     -t.  To  do  or  effect  with 

;  di  corate  with  Bplashed  ornament,    II.  n.     l. 

The  act  or  m  bing.    2.  The  result  of  spls 

a  -pot.  made  l>v  a  liquid  or  color  splashed  on.    (\  ar.  ol 

-pla-h 'er,  n  1.  '  irn-  who  or  that  which  splashes. 
2.  A  screen,  as  at  the  hack  of  a  wash-stand,  to  protect  tin- 
wall  from  Bplashed  water,     splash'y,  a.     Slushy;  Wet, 


1:8=  final;    I  =  hablt^    aisle:    all  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    X)  =  sing;    thin,    this. 
749       2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


splnl- 
sponsor 


splat'ter,  1  splat'ar;  2  splat'er,  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  a  con- 
tinuous slight  splashing  sound.    [Var.  of  spatter.] 

splay,  1  sple;2  splil.  I.  vt.  1.  To  make  with  a  splay;  bevel 
or  chamfer  away  a  corner  or  angle  of.  2.  To  open  to 
, sight;  spread;  cut  open;  display.  3.  In  farriery,  to  dis- 
locate. II.  a.  Spread  out;  displayed;  broad;  clumsy. 
III.  n.  A  slanted  surface  or  beveled  edge,  as  of  the  sJdes 
of  a  doorway  or  window.or  of  a  joist.  [Abbr.  <  display, 
v.] — splay'foot".  I.  a.  Having  splay  feet.  s.=footedt. 
II.  n.     Abnormal  flatness  and  turning  outward  of  the  feet. 

spleen,  1  splin;  2  splen,  n.  1.  An  organ  found  in  most 
vertebrates,  near  the  stomach,  that  produces  certain 
modifications  in  the  blood:  formerly  regarded  as  the 
seat  of  various  emotions.  2.  Ill  temper;  spitefulness. 
3.  Lowness  of  spirits;  melancholy;  hypochondria.  4||. 
Mode  or  state  of  mind;  also,  caprice.  [<  L.  splen  (< 
Gr.  splen),  spleen.] — spleen'ful,  a.  Affected  with  spleen; 
peevish;  ill=tempered.  spleen'yt. — spleen'lsh,  a.  Some- 
what affected  with  spleen,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. — splen'ic, 
a.     Of  or  pertaining  to  the  spleen. 

splen 'dent,  1  splen'dent;  2  splen'dent,  a.  Shining;  lus- 
trous.   [  <  L.  splendeo  (ppr.  splenden{t-)s) ,  shine.] 

splen 'did,  1  splen'did;  2  splen'did,  a.  1.  Giving  out  or 
reflecting  brilliant  light;  shining.  2.  Magnificent;  im- 
posing. 3.  Inspiring  to  the  imagination;  glorious;  illus- 
trious. [<  I,.*  splendidvs,  <  splendeo,  shine.]  Syn.:  see 
bright;  fine. — splen'did-ly,  n. — splen 'did-ness,  n. — 
splen 'dor,  n.  1.  Exceeding  brilliancy  from  emitted  or  re- 
flected light.  2.  Magnificence;  pomp.  3.  Conspicuous  great- 
ness of  achievement;  preeminence,    splen 'dour  J. 

sple-net'ic,  1  sph-ne' ik;  2  sple-ngt'ie.  I.e.  1.  Pertain- 
ing to  the  spleen,  t.  Fretfully  spiteful;  peevish,  sple- 
net'i-calj;  splen 'i-tiv(est.  II.  n.  1.  One  suffering 
from  disease  of  the  spleen;  a  peevish  person.  2.  A  medi- 
cine for  diseases  of  the  spleen.    Syn.:  see  morose. 

spleuch'an,  1  spluH'an;  2  spliiH'an,  n.  [Scot.]  A  small  bag 
or  wallet.    spleugh  'an' . 

splice,  1  splais;  2  spile.  I.  vt.  [spliced4;  splic'inc]  To 
unite  so  as  to  form  one  continuous 
piece.  (1)  To  join  (two  ropes  or 
parts  of  a  rope)  by  intertwining  the 
strands.  (2)  To  connect,  as  timbers, 
by  beveling,  scarfing,  or  overlap- 
ping at  the  ends.  II.  n.  1.  A  union 
of  the  ends  of  joined  parts,  espe- 
cially of  ropes,  made  by  intertwin- 
ing the  strands;  called  a  ring* 
splice  oreye=s.,  or,  if  oval,  cutss., 
etc;     2.  The  place  where  things  are    j 

Spliced.      [  <   D.    SpHtsen,  <  Splijten,  Bhort  aplice  in  a  threcstrand- 

split.]  — to   splice   the  main  brace  ed  rui'e-    3.  A  autaspilce. 

[Sailors'  Slang],  to  take  a  glass  of  grog. 

splint,  1  splint;  2  splint.  Id.  vt.  To  confine  or  support 
with  splints,  as  a  fractured  limb.  II.  n.  1.  A  thin  flat 
piece  split  off  or  as  if  split  off,  as  for  making  baskets, 
chair»bottoms,  etc.;  splinter.  2.  Sure/.  An  appliance  (as 
a  thin  piece  of  wood  bound  on)  for  keeping  a  fracl  und 
limb  in  a  fixed  position.  3.  Anat.  A  splint=bone.  [  <  Sw. 
splinla,  splint.]  Syn.:  see  break;  separate. — splint  '=bone", 
n.  1.  One  of  the  small  rudimentary  lateral  bones  on  the  legs 
of  the  horse,  etc.     2.  The  fibula. 

splin'ter,  1  splin'tar;  2  splin'ter.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  split 
or  separate  into  splinters  or  fragments.  2.  To  support 
by  splints.  II.  n.  A  sharp  piece  split  off  from  a  solid 
body:  commonly  sharp  and  angular,  as  a  splint.  [l'nc|. 
of  splint.)— splin'ter-y,  a.  1.  Liable  to  splinter.  2.  Pre- 
senting the  appearance  or  consisting  of  splinters. 

split,  1  split;  2  split,  v.  [split  or  split'ted"1;  split'ting.] 
I.  t.  1.  To  tear  asunder;  rend,  2.  To  divide  longitu- 
dinally; rive.  3.  To  divide  into  parties  or  factions;  dis- 
rupt. 4.  To  divide  into  two  or  more  thicknesses,  :is 
skins  or  leather.  II.  i,  1.  To  suffer  disruption;  cleave 
apart.   2.  To  disagree.    [<  Dan.  spittle.]   Syn.:  see  break; 

8EPABATE.—  to  split  hairs.  In  make  overnlce  or  trivial  dis- 
tinctions. See  HAin»si'UTTi\<;. 
split,  pa.  1.  Divided,  especially  longitudinally  or  with  the 
grain;  fissured;  cleft.  ;>.  Specifically,  dressed  and  cured 
after  being  cleaned:  said  of  fish,  split  Infinitive,  an  ex- 
pression in  winch  tin-  sign  of  the  Infinitive  "to"  is  separated 

from  Its  verb  by  an  Intervening  word,  usually  an  adverb,  as 

In  the  phrase  "to  quickly  return."     s.  ticket,  a  ballot  i 

so  as  to  show  preference  for  candidates  of  different,  parties. 

split,  n.  1.  The  act  or  result  of  splitting;  a  longitudinal 
fissure.    2.  Schism;  rupture. 

splorc,  1  spldr;  2  splOr,  n.     [Scot.]     A   nolsv  frolic;   carouse. 

splotch,  1  splodi;  2  sploeh.  I.  vt.  To  soil  with  a  splotch 
or  splotches.  II.  n.  A  discolored  spot,  as  of  ink,  el,'  j  a 
splash;  daub;  spot.    [  <  AS.  splot,  spot.]      splotch 'y,  a. 

splurge,  1  splOrj;  2  splurg.     I.  vi.     [splurged;  BPLUBO'ING.] 


Partially  Formed 
Splices. 


To  make  a  splurge.  II.  n.  A  conceited,  ostentatious,  per- 
sonal display.    [Imitative.] 

splut'ter,  1  splut'ar;  2  spliit'er.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  speak 
hastily  and  confusedly.  II.  n.  A  noise  as  of  spluttering; 
bustle;  confused  stir.  [Var.  of  splutter.] — splut'ter-er,n. 

S.  P.  M.,  abbr.    Short  particular  meter. 

spoil,  1  spoil;  2  spoil,  v.    [spoiled  or  spoilt;  spoil'ing.] 

1.  t.  1.  To  impair  or  destroy  the  value,  usefulness,  en- 
joyableness,  or  beauty  of;  especially,  to  render  worth- 
less by  decay;  taint.  2.  To  impair  the  temper  or  dis- 
position of,  especially  by  overindulgence.  3.  To  plun- 
der; despoil.  II.  i.  1.  To  lose  normal  or  useful  qual- 
ities; become  tainted  or  putrid.  2.  To  practise  robbery. 
[<  F.  spoiler,  <  L.  spolio,  <  spoluim,  spoil.]  Syn.:  see 
corrupt;  decay;  defile;  indulge;  pamper. — spoil'er,  n. 

spoil,  n.  1.  Plunder  seized  by  violence;  booty.  2.  pi. 
[U.  S.j  The  emoluments  of  public  office  as  the  rewards 
of  political  service.  3.  The  act  of  pillaging;  spoliation. 
[<  OF.  espoille,  <  L.  spolivm,  booty.]  Syn.:  see  plunder. 
— spoils'man,  n.  [U.  S]  One  who  advocates  the  spoils 
system  or  works  for  a  political  party  for  spoils.— spoils 
system  [U.  S.],  the  theory  or  practise  of  making  public 
offices  the  rewards  of  partizan  services. 

Spo-kane',  1  spo-kan';  2  spo-kau',  n.  A  commercial  city 
in  E.  Washington;  pop.  125,000.    Spokane  Falls;. 

spoke,  1  spok;  2  spok.  1.  vt.  [spoked1;  spok'ing.]  1.  To 
supply  with  spokes.  2.  To  fasten  (a  wheel)  with  a  stick 
or  bar  to  prevent  its  turning.  II.  n.  1.  One  of  the  mem- 
bers connecting  the  hub  and  the  rim  or  felly  of  a  wheel. 

2.  Naut.  One  of  the  radial  handles  of  a  steering=wheel. 

3.  A  stick  or  bar  to  prevent  a  wheel  turning,  as  in  de- 
scending a  hill.  4.  The  rung  of  a  ladder.  [  <  AS.  spaca, 
spoke;  cp.  spike,  n.\ — spoke'sshave",  n.  A  wheelwrights' 
tool  having  a  blade  set  longitudinally  with  the  handles. 

spoke,  1  spok;  2  spok,  imp.  of  speak,  v.:  also  (in  old  usage) 
pp. — spo'ken.  I.  pp.  of  speak,  v.  II.  pa.  1.  Uttered 
orally,  as  opposed  to  written.  2||.  Characterized  by  a  speci- 
fied kind  of  speech;  as,  smooth*spoken. 

spokes 'man,  1  spoks'mon;  2  spoks'man,  n.  [-men,  pi.] 
One  who  speaks  in  the  name  and  behalf  of  others. 

spo"li-a'tion,  1  sp6"li-e'sli8n;  2  spd"li-a'shon,  n.  1.  The 
act  of  despoiling.  2.  Destruction;  mutilation.  [<  L. 
spolio,  despoil.] — spo'H-ate§,  vt.  &  vi. — spo'll-a"tor,  n. 

spon'dee,  1  spen'di;  2  spon'de,  n.  Pros.  A  poetic  foot 
consisting  of  two  long  syllables  or  in  English  verse  of 
two  accented  syllables.  [Ult.  from  Gr.  spondeios,  < 
sponde,  libation.] — spon-da'ic,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  of 
the  nature  of  a  spondee;  composed  of  spondees.  2.  Having 
the  fifth  foot  a  spondee,  as  a  hexameter,    spon-da'i-cal;. 

spon'dyl,  1  spen'dil;  2  spon'dyl,  n.  1.  A  joint;  joining. 
2.  A  vertebra.    [  <  Gr.  spondylos.] 

sponge,    )  1  spunj;  2  spong,  v.  [sponged;  spong'ing.]  I. 

spunge1",  )  t.  1.  To  cleanse  or  operate  upon  or  absorb 
with  a  sponge.  2.  To  wipe  out;  expunge.  3.  To  get  by 
mean  device  or  at  another's  expense.  4.  To  harass  by 
extortion;  squeeze  like  a  sponge.  5.  To  set  a  sponge  for, 
as  bread.  II.  i.  1.  To  live  in  mean  dependence  on 
another.  2.  To  gather  sponges.  3.  To  absorb;  suck  in, 
as  a  sponge.    Syn.:  see  cleanse. — spong'er,  n. 

sponge,  n.  1.  A  fixed  (usually  marine)  animal  with  por- 
ous body  and  without  tentacles.  2.  The  skeleton  or  net- 
work of  elastic  fibers  that  remains  after  the  removal  of 
the  living  matter  from  certain  sponges:  used  as  an  ab- 
sorbent, for  bathing,  etc.  3.  Some  sponge=like  imple- 
ment or  substance  that,  serves  as  an  absorbent.  (1)  A 
Swabbing  implement  or  the  like  (2)  Leavened  dough, 
or  dough  in  process  of  leavening  and  before  kneading 
(3)    A    porous    sponge»like    form    assumed    by    Bnelj 

divided  metals.    A.  A  person  who  lives  at  1 1 xpense  of 

another;  a  human  parasite.  [  <  Gr.L+OF spongia,  spongos, 
sponge]— sponic'lngdiousc",  n.  [Eng.]  The  house  of 
a    bailiff   where   debtors    under   arrest    were    formeih     Icm 

porarily    lodged.     spiinir'lnK=hnuse"}.    sponge 'let,    >t. 

1.    Bot.   Same   as  SPONGIOLE.      2.    A    diminutive  sponrc 

spon'gi-nlc,  n.  Bot.  The  spongy  extremity  of  young  roots 
— spong'y,  a.    [SPONG'l-En;  bpono'i-est.]    1.  Having  the 

nature  or  character  of  a  Sponge;  elastic,  compressible,  and 

porous,  i.  Having  the  quality  of  imbibing  fluids;  absorptive. 
:t.  Chen.  Existing  in  a  condition  of  fine  division  and  loose 
coherence      spoil 'gl-osc!;  spmig'yl.        spimic'l-ncss,  n. 

1.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  spongy,    'i.  Porosity. 

gpOn'Salt,   a.       Helatlng    to    malTiace   or    Pi   a    SPOUBO.      [<    L. 

:/""i  us,  betrothed;  see  sponsion.] 

spoilM-bld-c,  a     [Scot   I    Responsible;  reliable. 

spoil 'slon,  1  spon'shan;  2  spon'shon,  n .    The  act  of  becoming 

surety  or  sponsor  for  another,  [•  L  sponsio(nr),  <  sponsus, 
pp.  of  spondeo,  promise.] 

spoil 'son,  I  .spun 'son;  2  si  ton 'son,  n      A  curved  projection 

from  the  hull  of  a  vessel,  as  for  the  training  of  a  gun. 
sponsor,  1  span's  sr;  2  spon'sor,  n,    One  who  makes  him- 


»|><>ii(.iiiinius  l    a-     il       «-•     fat.  fire;   fav     grt.prAv;    lilt  I  ••     <>'  .   full.  rOI--;   hul.bOrn; 

spume  •  >  11  fl         ..I         i        (ft,  iiAi.  6r,  w6o,760 


ri    .1  tpan 


«..r 
«|>.  'ii 


•  poll- 

•lilp. 

i;  -.  I 


•  •    will  1 

unbidden,  >  of- 

Willi 

Inallon  of  the 

\   dona  »iiii  distinct 
is  Independent  of  tin 


tbe  heart  and  lunj 
I 
kW  nata-. 


lm;u..«.'  I 
or  lncllna 


pouting  I'liiiii  w  heedled 

;■;     in  phj  slolog)  itif  action  of 

he  trow  Hi  uf  the 

Hon  "f  swallowing  la 

■l« bleb  it  I" 

of  thai  which  la 

In  opposition  to  It,  or 

antonj  m,  not  only  of 

■■  nude.     A 

in  :ict    of 

dependent    "ti   sympathetic 

•  m  frigid  to  rail  it  toltmtarf,  while 

imc  previous  purpose 

•  t  to  applaud. 

■i tin. . . ii -  generation,  ubiogenwb, 

»P"ii"ia-iir'i-i> .  a  ontaneous  quality.— 

-  [>■  -11-  I  J      11.  — .  »  11 l>.  s| -t.l'lll   -Ol|s-||l    »s, 

I.         ■:  I    I  I  aunt  or 

act  as  a  gh' -       II  rltlon:  now  commonly 

hun.  -p....k  Ml.  ipooll  'j  . 

-1 I.  I  1  on  a  spool      1 1. 

'  •  :  ly  of  wood,  upon  which 

mil.    2.  Tin-  quai  I 
'•■  -.milar  device   upon 

.....  /.  spool  ] 

-i "i  ..    .  im:  2  siKxjin.  rf  a  rf.    To  sail  or  cause  to  sail  fast 

and  straight  on.  a-  rind.    [—  bpumk  ]    spoon:, 

ipooll  .   '.  2  q  •'■  I  ■•  use  a  fponn  upon; 

lift  up  or  out  with  a  with  a  spoon«hook. 

I  ■  be  sentimentally  In  love  '.'.  1  0 
Indulge  In  demonstrative  love-making.    [  <  si'' 

-I ii 

ipoon  .1.  having  a  shallow  ovoid  bowl 

and  serving,  or  eating 

9] n    or    ii-    bowl, 

as  a  bached  to  a  I 

•I ball  iroU'lnR' 

•  I ii  '.  nbill  or  pad- 

hip  j  — 

-i n'l.iM.        l.  \  bird  related  to  the. 

Ibises,  havlm-    the   bill    broad  and  Hat-' 
t.  Aval  '  I 

»poon'«  Head  of  the  Rose- 
i.in.-d  .        -p'-'nful.r,     [-ruia.  pl.J  ftte  spoonbUl. 
As    murh   as   a  spoon    will    bol. 

hoow.  i.  meat,  . 

-pool. 

-I D  drill.  ■  Spindrift. 

•p""N  :• .  I         Sentimental  or 

II.  n     a  foolish,  demonstrative 

spoon    . 
-I r.  D.J  A  track;  trail,  footprint, 

spo-rad  Ii  .  .  ug  here 

■ 
tporat.  <  tpcirO,  m  -        ipo-ra  ill-.il • ;  spo-rad'l-i  il    . 

—  »po-rad'l-cal-l>.  -po-r ad  l-<  il-n. 

-p.^r  in  if i-u in .      mo-tanr*h-um;  2  spo-ran'gi-am,  n.   [-oi-a, 
pi.]  A  sac  b  i  endogenously.    I  < 

motion,  so*"         ipore'  •  l 
.  '.    .Same  as  - 
ipon  .  por,  n.     1.  The  reproductive  body  in 

ti  of  ordinary 
.'. 
new  individual      3. 
a  genu.     [<   Gr.  tporr 
-p..-ra't.  ou-,   . 


-p..    r..-. 

combining  form     spo'ro-pnyl,  n    Bol 

'   usuall)  modified,  »  bleb  hoars  siHirw  or  sacs  •  ontaln- 

ing  i'.        sporo-pii> ii  .  ipo  ro-pnyl  lumt.    ipo'ro- 

pii)  i.  .  it lonlneortaln plants. 

spur  'ran.  \  Il  al  hoi  p.'ii.  Ii  worn 

poran,  purse  | 
sporl    .  I.  f.     1,  To  .Ii   ; 

'.'.    I ..    | .  I.. I  1 1\  i  ihlj     now  .  in.  il\ 
II.         I .    ro  amuse  H  ;  plaj  .  frolii 

'.'.     I        :  with  an. .lli.  - 

i.  i  uddenly  or  spontaneous!]  from 

-port  'it,   n       sp,,i  i- 
Inic  iii. in.    I.  \    portaman     '.'.   i    B  ]  Same 
sp^irt.  1.  Thai  which  arnum  •  in  general;  divi 

.'.  A  particular  game  or  plaj  pui  lued  for  diver- 
sion, as  an  athletic  or  outdoor  amuaeini  m  S.  A  pun 
■  ■I  jesting;  raillery,  1.  Thai  with  which  one 
5.  A  mockery  or  object  of  derision.  B.  Bid  \n  annual 
or  plant,  or  one  "i  its  parte,  thai  exhibit!  sudden  and 
spontaneous  variation  from  the  normal  type.    7.  [Slang, 

I       -  man;  a  gambler.    I  Uiiir    of  DISPORT  | 

.  amusement,  diversion,  entertainment,  frolic,  fun, 
gaiety,  gambol,  game,  lollity,  joviality,  merriment,  merry- 
making,   mirth,    pastl play,    playfulness,    pleasantry, 

pleasure,  prank,  recreation.    Bee  i\iuih\«im    frolic 
Compare RtDicuLi     iport'fUl,  a.    [Poet,  or  Arohalc]  -l>, 
-ins-.        sp,,r'ii\  !■•.  i     Relating  to  or  fond  of  sport 
or  play;  frolicsome.     S.vn.:  see  m  horo  merry; 

vivacious;    wamton.    ■por'tlvf.e-ly*,    mu     ipor'ttv(e- 
niss  ,  sporis'nian,  n.    [-UN,  pf.]    I.  a  person  who  Is 

fond  of  iii'iii-sport.s,  :ls  bunting  ami  fishing.    8.  One  who 
competes  fairly  to  u  according  to  the  rules  and 

spirit  of  sportsmanship,  sports  'man-like,  a  Pertaining 
to  sportsmen  sports 'man-lyt.  sports 'man-ship,  n. 
Tin' art  or  practise  of  Beld>eporti  sport 'yf  a.  [sportA-eh; 
bport'i-ebt.]  [Colloq.j  it«i:ii im-'  to  or  characteristic  of  u 
sport;  hence,  gay,  loud,  and  dissipated. 
sport.,  door.    Sporting,  [llttlespore,  PDlm.ofSFOBii.] 

spor'ule,  1  sper'ul;  2  spdVyl,  ><■    A  spore;  sometimee,  a 
spot*  1  spot;  2  spot,  v.    [spot'tbd*;  spoVttno.]    I.  f,    1. 
To  mark  or  soil  in  or  with  spots;  decorate  with 
mar;  tarnish.    2.  [Slang,]  To  note  as  suspicious;  deteel 
II.       ■;.  To  make  a  stain  or  discoloration,    2.  To  suffer 
Injury  from  or  be  liable  to  spots.    Syn.:  see  stain.— spot  '- 
ter,  n.     one  who  spots;  a  private  detective, 
spot,  n.    1.  A  particular  place  of  small  extent;  a  defi- 
nite locality.    'J.  Any  small  portion  oi  a  surface  differing 
in  color  from  the  rest.    3.  A  stain  or  blemish  on  moral 
character  or  purity;  a  reproach.    4.  A  oongenital  birth- 
mark.   5.  A  spotted  fish  of  tin-  Atlantic  roast  ,,i  the 
United  States;  tneoldwtfe.    Syn.:  see  BLmosH;  place.    |< 
>  ofsprr1,  t.]  -spotless,  a     Free  from  spot  or  stain,   s.vn.: 
r;  pxaracT;  pubi,    spotless-ly,  ode,    spot'- 
less-ness,  n      spot 'ted,  pa.    1.  Discolored  In  spots     2. 
<  Iharacteruted  by  spots  —spot 'ty,  a.    Having  many  spots; 
spotted. — spot'tl-ness,  ;,. 
spouse.,  ii.    1.  To  marry.    2.  To  give  In  marriage. 
spouse,  1  spaus;  2  spoug,  n.    A  partner  in  marriage;  om  '  ■ 
husband  or  wife.     [<I,.OF  sponsu*:    bi    bponsoe.] — 

spou'sal.     (Poet.)     I.  a.     Pertaining  to  marriage.     II.  n. 
Marriage;  espousal.    Syn.:  sir  uarriaob:  iiatrimonial 

spout,  1  -jiuut;  2  spout,  v.  I.I.  1.  To  pour  out  copiously 
and  forcibly,  as  a  liquid  under  pressure;  cause  to  burst 
forth,  as  in  a  stream.  2.  To  provide  ormakeaspoul  foi 
3.  [Colloq.]  To  utter  in  a  grandiloquent  manner;  de- 
claim. 4.  [Slang.]  To  pawn  or  pledge,  II.  i.  1.  To 
burst  forth  in  a  stream  with  force  and  volumi 
copiously;  spurt.  2.  To  pour  out  a  fluid  either  con- 
tinuously or  in  jets.  3.  [<  loDoq.]  To  speak  or  recite  in  a 
pompous  manner.    [Doublet OI  SPROUT.]—  spout 'er,  n. 

spout,  n.    1.  A  tube,  trough,  etc.,  for  the  discharge  of  a 
liquid.    2.  A  continuous  stream  of  fluid. 

S.  P.  Q.  R..  nbbr.     [I,.]     Scnalus  Populusquc  Jiomanus  (the 
Roman  Senate  and  People). 

spraek,  1  sprak;  2  sprak.  a.    [Prov.  Brit.]    1.  Lively;  alert,  2 
Shrewd;  Intelligent.    [Ice. sprekr, sprightly.]  spragt. 

sprag,  1  sprsg;  2  Bpr&Jt,  n.     A  hllli-t  of  wood  used  in  mining  as 

a  prop  to  support  coal  when  undermined.    [Dan.] 
sprain,  1  spren;  2  spran.     I.  vt.     To  cause  a  sprain  in. 

II.         A  violent  Btraining  or  twisting  of  the  ligaments 

surrounding  a  joint.    (  <  I.."F  exprimo;  see  EXPRESS,  v.] 
sprang,  1  spran;  2  sprang.  Imp.  of  BPRINO,  I. 
sprat,  1  sprat;  2  sprat,  >,.    1.  A  berring«like  fish  found  in 

-hoals  on  the  Atlantic  coast  of  Europe.    2.  One  of  other 

\  ^  I),  sprat,  <    V  ofSPBODT.] 

sprat 'tie,  1  sprat'l;  2  sprat'l     [Scot.]    I.  vi.    To  struggle  or 

ble     II.  n.    A  struggle;  scramble.    f<  Sw.  sprailla.] 

sprawl,  1  sprel;2  spral,    I.  vt.  &  vi.    1.  To  lie  or  move  with 

the  limbs  rtre^nedoul  uuigrafiefully.    2.  To  spread  out 


l:d=  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  !eud;    cliin;    go;    ij  =  sino;    thin,   this.  Spontaneous 
7512:  wplf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  Spume 


irregularly,  as  vines.  II.  n.  The  act  or  position  of 
sprawling;  an  awkward  recumbent  posture  or  move- 
ment.   [  <  AS.  spreawtian,  sprawl.] 

Spray,  1  spre;  2  spra,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  disperse  (a  liquid)  in 
fine  particles.  2.  To  apply  spray  to,  as  with  an  atomizer. 

spray1,  n.  1.  Water  or  other  liquid  dispersed  in  fine 
particles.  2.  An  instrument  for  spraying,  as  an  atomizer. 
spray 'erf.    [<  V  of  spread] 

spray2,  n.  1.  A  small  branch  bearing  dependent  branch- 
lets  or  flowers.  2.  Any  ornament,  pattern,  etc.,  resem- 
bling a  collection  of  twigs  or  flowers.    [  <  Dan.  sprag.] 

spread, )  1  spred;  2  spred,  v.   [spread;  spread'ing]  l.t. 

spred3,  J  1.  To  enlarge  the  surface  of,  as  by  extending  the 
parts  over  a  wider  space  or  by  unfolding.  2.  To  dis- 
tribute about;  disperse.  3.  To  publish  or  make  widely 
known.  4.  To  cover  with  a  thin  layer  of  something.  5. 
To  expand;  develop;  unfold;  outstretch.  6.  To  set  forth 
or  record  in  full.  7.  To  diffuse  or  disseminate;  as,  to 
spread  contagion.  8.  To  display  before  the  eye;  ex- 
hibit. 9.  To  furnish  or  equip  properly  with  things  set 
out  in  order.  10.  To  force  farther  apart.  II.  i.  1.  To 
become  dispersed  or  scattered.  2.  To  be  distributed  by 
a  process  of  diffusion.  3.  To  be  thrust  apart.  4.  To  be- 
come outspread.    [  <  AS.  sprxdan,  spread.] 

Syn.:  circulate,  diffuse,  disperse,  disseminate,  distribute, 
divulge,  expand,  extend,  promulgate,  propagate,  scatter.  See 
publish  ;  stretch.  —  Ant.:  check,  condense,  confine,  contract, 
hold  in,  keep  In,  restrain. — spread 'er,  n. 

spread.  I.  a.  Having  a  broad  surface;  expanded.  II. 
/(.  1.  The  act  of  spreading.  2.  An  open  expanse;  a 
wide  reach  of  view.  3.  The  extent  of  expansion  of 
some  designated  object,  as  of  a  sail.  4.  A  covering  for 
a  bed,  table,  or  the  like.    5.  [Colloq.]  A  feast  or  banquet. 

spread  '=ea"gle,  1  spred'=I"gl;  2  sprSd'=e"gl,  a.  Resem- 
bling a  spread  eagle;  hence,  extravagant;  bombastic: 
applied  especially  to  patriotic  American  oratory. 

spree,  1  spri;  2  spre.  I.  vi.  To  go  on  a  spree;  get  drunk. 
II.  n.  1.  A  drinking-spell;  drunken  carousal.  2.  A 
gay  frolic.  [Cp.  ir.  spre,  spark,  animation]  Syn.:  see 
frolic:  compare  sport.  [sprinkle,  sprenget. 

sprengt,  vt.     To  diffuse  in  minute  particles;  scatter  about; 

sprig,  1  sprig;  2  sprig.  I.  vt.  [sprigged;  sprig'ging.]  1. 
To  ornament  with  sprigs.  2.  To  form  (twigs  of  plants) 
into  sprays.  II.  n.  1.  A  shoot  or  sprout  of  a  tree  or 
plant.  2.  An  offshoot  from  an  ancestral  stock.  3.  One 
of  various  small  pointed  implements.  [  <  MLG.  sprik, 
twig.] — sprig 'gy,  a.    Abounding  in  sprigs  or  small  branches. 

sprigbt'ly, )  1  sproit'li;  2  sprit'ly,  a.     [spright'li-er; 

sprite 'lyp,  }  spright'li-est.]  Full  of  animation  and 
spirits;  vivacious;  lively.    [<  spright,  sprite,  n] 

Syn.:  airy,  animated,  brisk,  bustling,  cheerful,  lively,  nimble 
spry,  vivacious.  The  sprightly  display  a  cheerful,  pleasing 
llghtnessand  quickness,  spiritlike;  lively  has  asimllar  meaning, 
as  abounding  in  cheerful  life.  The  brisk  and  bustling  are  full 
of  stir,  the  former  generally  to  some  purpose,  the  latter  often 
not.  The  spry  are  quick  within  a  narrow  range,  according 
to  the  common  proverb,  "spry  as  a  cricket."  Brisk,  bustling. 
and  spry  are  all  used  of  the  smaller  matters,  as  of  business 
or  domestic  life.  See  active;  airy:  cheerful;  happy; 
nimble;  vivacious;  vivid.— sprlght'H-ness,  n. 

spring,  1  sprirj;  2  spring,  v.  [sprang  or  sprung;  sprung; 
springing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  release  the  spring  of.  2.  To 
do  or  cause  to  act  unexpectedly  and  suddenly.  3.  To 
bend  by  force;  strain.  4.  To  explode  or  discharge,  as  a 
mine.  5.  Arch.  To  start  from  a  given  point.  6.  To  in- 
sert in  a  tight=fitting  place  by  bending  or  straining.  7. 
To  surmount  by  leaping ;  vault  over.  8.  To  start  (game) 
from  covert;  flush.  II.  i.  1.  To  move  quickly  from  a 
support  or  position  by  the  use  of  the  limbs;  bound;  leap. 
2.  To  move  suddenly,  as  by  elastic  reaction.  3.  To  pro- 
ceed; originate.  4.  To  be  warped  or  bent.  5.  To  come 
into  view,  as  by  growing.  6.  To  be  elevated  above  sur- 
rounding objects.  7.  To  begin;  rise,  as  an  arch.  [< 
AS.  sprinaan,  spring.]  Syn.:  see  leap;  rise.— spring 'or,  n. 
1.  One  who  or  that  which  springs.  2.  Arch.  (1)  Same  ae 
impost,  n.,  2.  (2)  The  bottom  stone  of  an  arch,  lying  upon 
t  he  Impost.  (3)  The  lowest  stone  in  the  coping  of  a  gable. 
(4)  A  rib  In  a  groined  roof  or  vault. 

spring,  a.    Pertaining  to  the  season  of  spring. 

spring,  n.  1.  An  elastic  body  or  contrivance  that  yields 
under  stress,  and  returns  to  its  normal  form  when  the 
stress  is  removed.  2.  Elastic  quality  or  energy.  3.  The 
act  of  flying  back  from  a  position  of  tension;  recoil.  4. 
An  energy  or  power;  a  cause  of  action.  5.  The  ad  oi 
leaping  up  or  forward  suddenly;  a  jump;  bound.  <>.  The 
season  in  which  vegetation  Starts  anew.  7.  A  flow  or 
fountain,  as  of  water;  hence,  any  source  or  origin  of  con- 
tinued supply.  8.  A  springing,  as  of  a  plank,  beam,  or 
spar,  or  a  thing  sprung  or  warped,     ».  [Scot.]  A  quick, 


lively  tune.  [  <  AS.  spring,  <  springan,  spring.] 
Syn.:  see  beginning;  cause;  source. — spring-board",  n. 

I.  An  elastic  board  used  to  aid  in  leaping.  2.  A  short  board 
used  in  felling  large  trees. — s.dialt,  n.  A  convulsive  move- 
ment of  the  hind  legs  of  a  horse. — s.-head,  n.  A  fountain- 
head;  source. — s.=tide,  n.  A  high  tide  occurring  near  the 
new  and  the  full  moon,  under  the  combined  attraction  of 
sun  and  moon;  figuratively,  any  great  wave  of  feeling,  etc. — 
spring  'time",  n.  The  season  of  spring,  spring'tide"!. — 
sprlng'y,  a.  1.  Elastic.  2.  Spongy;  wet. — spring 'i-ness,  n. 

spring'all,  1  sprin'al;  2  spring'al,  n. 
[Scot,  or  Obs.]  A  youth,  es-pring'alt; 
es-prlng'aldt;  sprlng'alf;  spring'- 
aldf. 

spring'bok",  1  sprirj'bek";  2  spring'- 
bok",  n.  A  South=African  gazel, 
with  a  white  stripe  down  the  back. 
[S.»Afr.  D.]  sprlng'boc"!;  sprlng'- 
buck"J. 

springe,  1  sprinj ;  2  spring,  n.  A  snare 
or  noose,  arranged  with  a  spring. 
[<  spring,  v.]    spring;. 

Sprlng'field,  1  sprirj'flld;   2  spring'feld, 
n.    1.  A  manufacturing  city  in  S.  Mas- 
sachusetts: site  of  a  United  States  arse- 
nal;   pop.   89,000.     2.  A  city  in  S.  W.    „ 
Missouri;  a  railroad   center;   pop.  35,-    »P"ngt>ok.      i/60 
200.       3.   A    manufacturing   city  in   R.  W.  Ohio;    seat  of 
Wittenberg  College  (Lutheran);  pop.  47,000. 

sprin'kl(ep,  1  sprirj'kl;  2  sprln'kl.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [sprin'- 
kl(e)dp;  sprin'kling.]  1.  To  scatter  in  drops  or  small 
particles.  2.  To  rain  in  scattering  drops.  3.  To  apply 
drops  of  water,  as  a  form  of  baptism:  opposed  to  im- 
merse. II.  n.  A  falling  in  drops  or  particles,  or  that 
which  so  falls;  a  sprinkling;  hence,  a  small  quantity. 
[<  AS.  sprengan,  make  spring.] — sprln'kler,  n. — sprin'- 
kling, n.  1.  That  which  is  sprinkled;  a  small  quantity. 
2._  A  mottling.     3.  The  act  of  scattering  drops  of  liquid. 

sprint,  1  sprint;  2  sprint.    Id.  vi.    To  run,  as  in  a  sprint. 

II.  n.     A  short  race  run  at  top  speed. — sprint 'er,  n. 
sprit,  1  sprit;  2  sprit,  n.    1.  A  small  spar  for  stretching  a 

sail.     2.  The  bowsprit.     [<   AS.   spreot,    <  spreotan, 

sprout.] — sprit  'sail,  n.    A  sail  extended  by  a  sprit. 
spritet,  vt.    To  haunt,  as  a  sprite. 
sprite,  1  sprait;  2  sprit,  n.    1.  A  fairy,  elf,  or  goblin.    2||. 

A  disembodied  spirit.    3f.  Humor;  spirits;  mood.    4f. 

The  breath;  spirit.     6f-  The  mind;  thought.     [<  F. 

esprit,  <  L,  spiritus,  spirit.]    sprlghtt . 
sprock'et,  1  sprek'et;  2  sprok'6t,  n.    1.  A  projection,  as 

on  the  periphery  of   a  wheel, 

as  for  engaging  with  the  links  ffr$\)r 

of  a  chain.    2.  A  wheel  bearing  fip^Qtr 

such  projections.  \x^N 

sprouts  1  spraut;   2  sprout,  v.    ^>*- " 

I.  t.    1.  To  cause  to  put  forth  Sprocket-wheels. 

shoots.    2.  To  remove  sprouts 

from.    II.  i.    1.  To  develop  shoots.    2.  To  grow.     3.  To 

shoot  out  into  ramifications.     [  <  a  var.  of  AS.  spreotan, 

sprout.] 
sprout,  n.    A  new  shoot  or  bud  on  a  plant;  hence,  figura- 
tively, a  young  person,  as  the  scion  of  a  family. 
spruce,  1  sprus;  2  sprue,  vt.  &  vi.   [spruced1;  spruc'ing.] 

To  make  oneself  spruce. 
spruce,  a.     1.  Having  a  smart,  trim  appearance.     2||. 

Fastidious.     Syn.:  see  neat,    -ly,  adv.     -ness,  n. 
spruce1,  n.     1.  An  evergreen  tree  having  needle-shaped 

leaves  and  pendulous  cones;  also,  its  wood.    2.  Any  one 

of  various  related  trees.     [For  spruccfir,  where  spruce 

Is   <    ME.  Spruce,  var.  of  Pruce,    <    OF.  Pruce,    <   LL. 

Prussia,  Prussia,  <  G.  Prenssen.] 
spruce2t,  n.     Prussian  leather.    [For  x/irvrr  leather,  where 

spruce  is  ME.  Prun «.;  see  SPRUCE1.]    spruce'--lcatli"ert. 
sprue,  1  spru;  2  spru,  n.    Founding.    A  projection  from  a 

casting,  corresponding  with  the  gate  through  which  the 

melted  metal  is  poured  and  designed  to  be  removed. 
sprung,  1  sprwrj;  2  sprung.  Imp.  A  pp.  Of  SPRING,  '. 
spry,  1  spred;  2  spry,  a,    Quick  and  active;  agile.    [<  Sw. 

dial  sprygg,  active.]    S.vn.:  sec  active;  bprightly. 

gpt.,  nhhr.     Seaport 

spud,  1  spud;  2  spud.  I.  vt.  [Prov.]  To  dig  or  remove 
with  a  spud,  as  weeds.  II.  n.  1.  A  spade-like  tool  with 
narrow  blade  or  prongs,  as  for  removing  weeds.  2. 
I  Local,  U.  S.l  A  piece  of  dough  boiled  in  fat.    3.  [Prov.l 

(1)  A  baby's  hand.     (2)  A  potato.     [Cp.  D.  BPVd,  spear  ] 
spue,  it.  <v  vi.    Same  a«  hpf.w. 
spume,  l  spium;  2  spum.    I.  vi.    [spumed;  spum'ing  | 

To  froth;    loam       II.    ».      Froth,    as  on   an   agitated   or 

effervescing  liquid;  foam;  scum.  [F.,  <  L.  epuma, 
foam.]—  spu-mes 'retire,  n.  1'rothlness.  — spu'mous,  «. 
Foamy,    spu'mldt;  spurn 'yt. 


s|illli 
sl.ll.l. 


-I'Ullk. 


I  ii         ii         |  ut.  l.Orir 

I  •        I  I  I  0         .. '.   Ul,    wOllj  .    ,    ' 


•punk 

■ft} 


II  I 


|H  fiKlllt- 


M""r.           1 

spur  KCOO, 


I  I 

' 

II  hence, 

VS  >  i.N,  i    I 

e   -.11111- 
• 

■ruin 

•  0  I'll  B 

•-'.   \  incites 

I 

•  sharp 
\  pr..- 

*|iur     i;i  ,ir   .  I. 

-     gearing, 
-I'urri  .1. 

-pur    »  h. .  i  .  >wheel  having 

ilanl  bavins  fertile  Bowers 
<  harlcs  Haddon    1834 


•  r  and  writer 
spu  ri-ous,  1.  \..i  pi 

.'. 
!■  4.  /.  ■    Apparent,  bul  nol 

reai  Syt).:    s,-,-   CO!  NTKBJ  BIT; 

tpu  r  I-.  ■»!  —  I  > .  -mi  •rl-iiiis-iii". 

ipurn,  I.  >.    i.  To  reject  with  dis- 

hy lacking      1 1. 

1  '.'.!.;  also, 

Kick  1     Syu.:  sr  si  nits. 
-pum '  •  kick. 

■I'"'  H-.e.  maker  ol    i«irs. 

-pur   rjr,  •!       [SPUB'BU  irlrty  of 

•'irry.l 

M'nn  ■  I  v  n.    To  force  Or  001 ut 

II-        I.  Iden  gush  of  liquid  '£.  Any 

sprout  ) 
iporl  .     I  .  a  and  i  rtreme  effort. 

"•         I-  Bfbrt  of  brief  duration     'J. 

■  urt.] 
M'Hi   '•  r.  I.        ,\  ri.    1.  To  spit  out 

irregular  noise      '!.  To  utter  or 
II.  '  .    A  Bputter- 
sput  'ler-er. 
pu'tum,  n.     [spu'ta,  i>i  I 

■PJ  ■  -I'V'lNi,  ]      I.  I.      1.  To  dis- 

king carefully  or  stealthily,     'i.    I 
-t-    .  ■    inc.  or 

II. 
pry       [  <    I  IHG'  I  itch  ] 

- 
M'>-  I    1.  One  who  enters  an  enemy's  mili- 

get   information      'i.  One  who 
with  \  had  implication 
in  eye     It.  A  forerunner, 
aim    em:  --.!.-;..  -...•      rii.-    r,,ui  am!  the  rpy  are  both 
■f  tin-  numbers,  movements, 

•  dlagulse:  a  tun  the 

If   captured,    ha-s    thi-   rii--l 

-r.it«Hi  all  rights,  and 
ta  liable.  In  cane  ol  ;;   punishment.     An 

miliary  l-  -  ,•!,,..    .,.,,,    to 

■i  t<>  bring  Information  con- 
cert!. .    la  not  only  an 

,  lare 
squab.  II.  at;  low 

and  bulky  ;.  ,r  but  hatf •fledged; 

half*.--  II.         I.  pecially  when 

an    .  !.  ;. 

abb,  fat 

-'I'lib  h>.  -.|ii.ili'lil-h    . 

-'in  li.i.i.-.    :  ib'bled; 

l-  ■■  iposed 

pletelypieii  •     II.  fo  engage  in  a 

irfle  quarrel.    [<  Sw.    skrappa. 


squad, 

nt  nf  tn 
squad   run.  I 


-<I ii  1 1.  III.  .  i  i 

squab  Ui  i 

\    in  ill  group  I 
police     |  •    <  IF  •  tquadn  \ 
in 1. 1  u  inalli 


I.  \  dh  iainti 
I.  /  tiers  drawn 

up  ii 

l  ..hiiIm-i  ,,f  military  aen.pl., 

I       It   '"  squadrom  1     fl)  Ing 
•qu  idron,  quipped  tor  rapid  cruising 

-'I"  'i  Id,  v  did.  i     II  iving  a  mean,  ■>•  >n 

ert)  e;  dirty,  n<  glccted,  and    • 

lie  foul  ]     S]  D      ...mii 
squal'ld-ty.  squat 'kt-ness,        squa-lldl-tyt. 

squall,  l  ikwol;  2 

•  barahl]      squall  Vr.  s 
squall1,  'i       \  loud,  screaming  outcry     |-     lei 
squall1,  n      A  sudden  burst  "i  wind,  often  aocompanied 
bj  rain  or  snow     [<8w    sovaJ,  rush  of  water,  •    sqvala, 
squall  > .  ■!     I.  Stormy;  blu 
illoq  !    rhreatenlng  ■  ■quail  <>r  trouble  of  an]  kind 
Bqual 'or,  1  skwel'er  or  akwf'ler;  2  skn  i'lor.n 

The  state  ol  being  squalid,  <>r  the  hlih  oi  thriftli 
i-rty     |l.  .  <  sqimuso,  be  foul  I 
■qua  ma,  l  skwCme; :.'  skua  ma,  •      [sqi  I'm  \..  pi )    A  thin, 
si-aii-iikc  struotun  i   ,    iqua-ma'eeous,  o 

Scab      squa'mateti  squa'mose);  iqua'moust. 
squan'der,  l     kwen'dsr;  l'  skwan'der.  p,     I.  i     l.  To 
spend  wastefully:  la\i>li  profusely;  dissipate      '!  ■  To 
ili-i"  II.       I.    I  o  ipend  money  or  other  valuables 

wastefully    8f.  To  become  dispersed.  |*'p  Be  squatter, 
luander,  frni   of  igtatta,  Bqulrt  ] 
Syu.:  dissipate,   expend,   lavish,  scatter,   sin-mi,   throw 
away,  waste      Ant.:  economise,  board,  bold,  husband,  lay 
by,  lay  up,  preserve,  reserve,  save      Prep.:  squander  m.  un. 
■:  tollies  or  vices;  on  or  upon  a  worthless  favorite. 

M|iian  'ilcr-cr,  n       squan  'ilcr-liin-l) ,  mli 

square,  1  sk war; 2 skwftr, i  [sqi  vbbd;hqi  lb'ino.]  [.{. 
I.  To  make  Bquare;  form  with  lour  equal  sides  and  four 
rinlit  angles.  '!■  I  o  form  into  a  ri^lit  angle,  xs  a  corner, 
..i  ran-.-  to  make-  a  right  angle  wiili  another  line,  side,  or 
pari :  also,  to  liriiu;  iiitu  a  position  at  ri^ht  angles  or  huk- 
gesting  such  an  angle;  lirin^  into  a  boxing  attitude  S, 
To  balance,  a-s  accounts;  make  even;  settle.  4.  To  cause 
ofonn,  as  if  by  tin-  use  of  a  carpenters'  square; 
adapt;  proportion;  as,  to  sguors  conscience  with  interest 
5.  Math.  To  multiply  va  number  or  quantity)  by  itself. 
(•.  ro  determine  the  contents  oi  in  square  measure     II. 

I.  To  I"-  at   ri^lit  angles;  be  shaped  or  cut   so  as  to 

form  a  right  angle  with  another  line,  side,  "r  part.  '£. 
To  be  in  exact  conformity;  lit;  agree;  harmonize      -i- 

To  take  an  attitude  fur  boxing:  commonly  with  off.    4t. 

To  wrangle;  quarrel.  —  squar'er,  n.  1.  One  who  squares. 

'•J.  [CoUoq.]  One  who  squares  off  to  fight.    Sf>  A  brawler. 

square,  a.     1.  Being  a  Bquare;  having  four  equal  rides 

and  four  rii/ht  ancles;  loosely,  approaching  a  square  in 

form.  2.  Formed  with  or  characterised  by  a  ri^ht  angle; 
rectangular.  •{.  Adapted  to  forming  squares  or  comput- 
ing in  squares;  as.  gguori  measure.  4.  According  with 
ordinary  justice;  fair;  just ;  equitable;  honest.  5.  Having 
debt  and  credit  balanoed;  even;  settled,    6.  Ab 

plete;  unequivocal.  7.  Broad  with  comparatively 
straight  outlines;  squarcbuilt.  N.  [Colloq.]  Solid; 
full;  satisfying;  as,  a  square  meal.  9.  Exactly  Bui  table; 
accordant;  true  10.  Horizontal  and  exactly  athwart 
laid  of  the  yards  11.  Math,  Raised  to  the 
s.conii  power,  squared;  as,  x   ignore.     Bynj  see  just.— 

square    measure,    a    system    of    measures   applici]    i 

squarely,  aA      square'ness,  n.— 

square'«rlgged",  a     Bavlng  the  principal  ^aiis  extended  i>y 

horizontal  erosB»yards:  said  ol  ships,  i>rii;s.  etc.,  as  dlstin- 

i  from  f'ir,.imft'nfi-nogcd. — s.'tocd,  '/     Having  the 

hoes  worn  by  the  Puritans;    hence,  exact . 

punctll  -■  toes,  old«fashloned,  exact  person 

square,  n       1.  A  figure  hay-  iiy   .;  ■  .,,  ,.. . , 

iriK    four    equal    sides    and 

four  richt  angles      'i.  Any 

object,  part,  or  surface  that  is  square  or 

nearly  square,  as  a  pane  of  glass;  one  of 

the  square  spots  on  a  checker*board    -i. 

An  instrument  by  which  to  measure  or 

lay  out  riidit  ancles,  consisting  usually  of 

two  legs  or  1. ranches  at  right  angles  to 

each  other,  in  I-  shape  or  in  T  shape  'in 

the  latter  case  called  a  T  square).    4.  An  open  area  in 

a  city  or  village,  left  between  streets  at  their  int 

rion  or  formed  by  their  expansion.    S.IU.8.]  \  ' 

city  block;  sometimes,  the  distance  between  consecutive 


.. 


Combi- 
nation 
Square. 


1:8  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  owt;    ell;    10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    n  =  sing;    thin,    this.  spun 

753         2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.         stable 


Squashes. 

1.  Crookneck.     2.  Marrow 


streets.  6.  Math.  The  product  of  a  number  or  quantity 
by  itself;  a  second  power.  7.  A  body,  as  of  troops,  formed 
in  a  four=sided  array.  8.  One  of  various  objects  or  de- 
vices having  a  rectangular  part,  cross=section,  corner, 
etc.  9.  Due  proportion;  order;  exact  accuracy;  strict 
honesty;  equity;  fairness.  [  <  OF.  esquare,  esquarre,  <  L. 
ex,  out,  +  OF.  quarre,  square,  <  L.  quadra,  <  quattuor, 
four.) 

Miliar  'rose,  1  skwar'os  or  skwe-ros';  2  skwar'os  or  skwa-ros',  a. 
Biol.  Rough  with  projecting  scale»like  processes.  [<  LL. 
squarrosus,  scurfy.)     Miliar  'roils  ;. 

squash',  1  skwesh;  2  skwash.  vt.  &  vt.  [Colloq.]  To  beat  or 
press  into  a  pulp;  be  mashed  into  a  soft  mass.  [<  OF. 
esquachcr.  crush.] 

squash1,  n.     The  edible  fruit  of  various  trailing  annuals 
of  the  gourd  family; 
also,     a     plant    that 
bears  it.  [  <  Am.  Ind. 
asquash,  green,  raw.] 

squash2,  re.  1.  A  soft 
or  unripe  object.  2. 
A  crushed  or  mashed 
object.  3.  The  sud- 
den fall  of  a  heavy, 
soft,  or  bursting 
body.— squash 'y,  o. 

squash3,  n.  A  game  resembling  fives,  but  played  in  a  special 
court  with  a  racket  and  ball. 

squat,  1  skwot;  2  skwat.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [sQUAT'TEDd;  or 
squat;  squat'ting.]  1.  To  crouch,  or  cause  to  crouch, 
in  a  sitting  posture.  2.  To  settle  on  a  piece  of  land 
under  government  lease  or  without  right.  II.  a.  1. 
Short  and  thick;  squatty.  2.  Being  in  a  squatting  posi- 
tion. III.  n.  A  squatting  attitude  or  position.  [  <  F. 
esquatir,  <  es-  lntens.  +  qualir,  press  down.) — squat'ter, 
n. — squat'ty,  a.  Disproportionately  short  and  thick. 

squaw,  1  skwe;  2  skwa,  n.  An  American  Indian  woman 
or  girl.  [  <  Mass.  Ind.  squa,  woman.] — squaw =maii,  re. 
Among  the  American  Indians,  a  man  who  lives  and  works 
among  the  women;  also,  a  white  man  married  to  an  Indian 
woman  and  in  possession  of  tribal  rights  on  that  account. 

squawk,  1  skwek;  2  skwak.  I',  vi.  To  utter  a  shrill, 
harsh  cry,  as  a  duck.  II.  re.  1.  A  harsh  cry,  as  of  cer- 
tain birds:  said  contemptuously  of  the  cry  of  a  person. 
2.  The  black»crowned  night=heron.     [For  squeak.] 

squeak,  1  skwlk;  2  skwek.  I1,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  utter 
with  a  squeak;  make  a  squeak.  2.  [Slang.]  To  inform 
against.  II.  n.  A  thin,  sharp,  penetrating  sound.  [  <  Sw. 
sqidka,  croak] — squeak'er,  n. — squeak'y,  a.  Making  a 
squeaking  noise. — squeak 'i-ly,  adv. — squeak'l-ness,  re. 

squeal,  1  skwil;  2  skwel.  I.  vi.  1.  To  utter  a  sharp,  shrill, 
somewhat  prolonged  cry.  2.  [SlangJ  To  turn  informer; 
betray  an  accomplice  or  a  plot.  II.  re.  A  shrill,  pro- 
longed cry,  as  of  a  pig.  [Ult.  <  Ice.  skvala,  scream.] — 
squeal 'er,  n. 

squeam'ish,  1  skwim'isTi;  2  skwem'ish,  a.  1.  Easily  dis- 
gusted or  shocked;  unduly  scrupulous.  2.  Easily  nause- 
ated; affected  with  nausea.     [<  Ice.  sveimr,  a  bustle.] 

Syn.:  affected,  dainty,  difficult,  fastidious,  finical,  foolish, 
hypercritical,  overnice,  oversensitive,  particular,  prudish, 
qualmish,  scrupulous,  sickish. — squeam'lsh-ly,  adv. — 
squeam'lsh-ness,  n. 

squeez(ep,  1  skwiz;  2  skwez,  v.  [squeez(e)i>8;  squeez'- 
ING.]  I.  t.  1.  To  press  closely  between  other  bodies', 
compress;  press  together  or  out  of  shape.  2.  To  grasp  or 
clasp  closely,  as  the  hand.  3.  To  draw  forth  by  pressure; 
extract;  express.  4.  To  put  in  a  certain  place  or  position 
by  force  or  pressure;  crowd.  5.  To  extort  tribute, 
taxes,  or  the  like  from;  harass  by  exactions;  reduce,  as 
wages,  to  the  lowest  amount.  6.  To  make  a  cast  or  im- 
pressions of  in  damp  paper  by  means  of  pressure;  take  a 
squeeze  of:  said  of  an  inscription,  etc.  II.  i.  To  force 
one's  way  with  difficulty;  pass  by  pressing;  push;  pass, 
enter,  or  penetrate  by  pressure.  [  <  AS,  evxsan,  crush.] 
Syn.:  see  jam.  squeez'cr,  n.  One  who  or  that  which 
squeezes,  as  a  mechanical  device  for  applying  pressure. 

squeez(cp,  n.  1.  The  act  or  process  of  squeezing;  pres- 
sure. '£.  A  facsimile,  as  of  a  coin  or  inscription,  pro- 
duced by  pressing  some  soft  substance  upon  it 

squelch',  1  skweldh;  2  sk  welch,  vt.  A  n.  1.  To  silence  by 
humiliating;  put  to  confusion;  disconcert.  2.  To  be 
crushed  or  subdued,  3.  To  make  a  noise  as  if  walking  in 
wet  snow  or  mud.  [\:ir,  of  quelch;  akin  to  quell,.] — 
squelch 'er,  n.    i.  one  who  or  that  which  squelches.    '£. 

[('olloq.l   A  silencing  retort. 

sq.  ft.,  sq.  in.,  niibr.    Square  foot,  square  Inch. 

squib,  1  skwib;  2  skwib.     I.  vt.  &  vi.     [SQUIBBED;  hquib'- 

binq.]    1.  To  aim  squibs  at;  attack  by  means  of  squibs; 

lampoon;  write  or  use  squibs.    2.  To  cause  to  explode; 


skwur'el  or  skwir'fl,  re. 
;ed  Squirrel. 


discharge;  burn  or  sound  as  a  squib.  3f.  To  move 
quickly.  II.  re.  1.  A  short  speech  or  writing  in  a  satiri- 
cal vein;  a  mild  lampoon;  a  pithy  paragraph.  2.  A  tubu- 
lar case  filled  with  gunpowder,  as  for  firing  a  charge.  3. 
A  firecracker  that  burns  with  a  spitting  sound.  4t-  A 
lampoonist.     [Var.  of  swipe.] 

squid,  n.  1.  A  ten=armed  cuttlefish,  especially  one  of  the 
small  species.  2.  An  artificial  fish=bait,  often  made  in 
imitation  of  a  fish.     [Cp.  squirt.] 

squill1,  1  skwil;  2  skwil,  n.  The  sliced  bulb  of  a  medicinal 
plant  of  the  lily  family,  growing  in  the  Mediterranean 
region,  having  diuretic  and  expectorant  properties;  also, 
the  plant.     [  <  F.  squille,   <  L.  squilla,  squill.] 

squill2,  n.  1.  A  crustacean  having  the  form  and  appear- 
ance of  a  mantis.  man'tfs=shrimp"t;  squil'lal; 
squil  'lidj.     2.  A  mantis.    [  <  L.  squilla,  squill.] 

squin'ny,  vi.    To  squint,    squln'yt- 

squint,  1  skwint;  2  skwint.  Id.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  make  or  be 
cross=eyed.  2.  To  look  with  half=closed  eyes,  or  with  a 
side  glance.  3.  To  approximate  slightly;  bear  or  refer 
indirectly.  II.  a.  Having  a  squint;  looking  obliquely. 
squint'=eyed"t.  III.  n.  1.  An  affection  of  the  eyes 
in  which  their  axes  are  differently  directed;  strabismus. 
2.  The  act  of  squinting.  3.  Hence,  an  indirect  leaning, 
tendency,  or  drift.  [<  Sw.  svinka,  shrink.] — squint': 
eye",  n.    Strabismus,  or  one  afflicted  with  it.  [squire.] 

squire,  1  skwair;   2  skwlr,  vt.  &  vi.    To  attend  upon  as  a 

squire1,  re.  An  esquire.  Specifically:  (1)  An  English 
landed  proprietor  of  long  standing.  (2)  [Local,  U.  S.] 
A  justice  of  the  peace;  also,  any  lawyer  or  prominent 
citizen:  loosely  as  a  title  of  respect.  [=  esquire,  n.] 
— squire 'ling,  re.    A  petty  squire,    squire'let  J . 

squlre2t,  n.    Same  as  square. 

squirm,  1  skwfirm;  2  skwirm.  I.  vi.  1.  To  bend  and 
twist  the  body;  wriggle;  writhe.  2.  To  climb  by  shin- 
ning, as  a  pole  or  tree.  3.  To  show  signs  of  pain  or  dis- 
tress. 4.  To  escape  with  awkward  evasion:  with  out. 
II.  re.  A  squirming  motion;  a  wriggle.  [Var.  of  squir, 
ult.    =    WHIR.] 

Squir 'rel,  1  skwur'el  or  skwir'el; 
1.  A  slender  rodent,  with 
very  long  bushy  tail,  living 
mainly  in  trees.     2.  One  of 
other  sciuroid  rodents.     3. 
[Austral.]       A    phalanger.       (I 
<  Gr.  skiouros,   <  skia,  shade, 
oura,  tail.] — squlr'rebmon'key,   n. 
A  marmoset. 

squirt,  1  skwurt;  2  skwirt.  Id.  vt.  & 
vi.  To  force  out  in  a  spurting 
stream;  issue  in  a  sudden  jet; 
spurt  forth.  II.  n.  1.  The  act  of 
squirting  or  spurting;  also,  a  jet  of 
liquid  squirted  forth.  2.  A  syringe  or  squirt=gun.  3. 
[Colloq.]  A  conceited,  brainless  fellow.  |  <  LG.  swirt- 
jen,  squirt.]— squirting  cucumber,  the  fruit  of  a  prostrate 
branching  herb  of  the  gourd  family,  which,  when  ripe,  ejects 
its  contents. — squirt'er,  n. 

sqq.,  abbr.  [L.j  Sequentes,  scquenlia  (the  following  [ones]). — 
Sr.,  abbr.  Senior,  sir. — S.  It.  S.,  abbr.  [L.]  Soctetatts 
Regtse  Socius  (Fellow  of  the  Koyal  Society). — S.  S.,  abbr. 
Sabbath»school,  Secretary  of  State  simplified  spelling,  Sta- 
tistical Society,  Straits  Settlement,,  s.  s.,  ohlir.  Screw 
steamer,  steamship.— SS.,  nbbr.  Saints,  scilicet  (L..  to  wit): 
on  legal  documents,  sanctissimus  (I...  most  holy),  ss.,  abbr. 
[L.]  .Semis  (half).  — SS.  D.,  abbr.  [I,  ]  SanCliSSimilS  I  minimis 
(Most  Holy  Lord  [the  Pope]). — S.  S.  E.,  abbr.  South-south- 
east.—  S.  S.  W.,  abbr.  South'SOUthvvest. — S.  t.,  nhlir  Setaa 
tempo  (It.,  il/t/x., without  marked  t ime),  short  ton.  —St.,  abbr. 
Saint,  state,  street. — St.,  abbr.    Stanza,  stet,  stone,  strophe, 

stab,  1  stab;  2  stab.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [STABBED,  staud8; 
stab'binc]  To  pierce  with  a  pointed  weapon;  wound,  as 
with  a  dagger:  also  figuratively.  II.  n .  A  thrust  made 
with  any  pointed  weapon;  a  wound  made  by  stabbing. 

[Perhaps  <  lr.  slob,  stake.]  Syn.:  see  pierce  stab'ber,  n. 
stab'i-lize,  1  stab'i-laiz;  2  st&b'i-llz,  v.  [-lized;  -].iz"in<i.) 
To  make  stable;  specif  ,  to  secure  equilibrium,  as  in  an 
aeroplane,  etc.  |<  L.  stabilis,  see  btabli  |  stab'l- 
llz"er,  n.    a  balancing  device,  as  in  an  aeroplane 

sta'ble,  1  ste'bl;  2  sta'bl.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [sta'bLBD;  sta'- 
BLIN(i.]  To  lodge  in  a  stable;  occupy  a  Mable.  II.  n. 
1.  A  building  set  apart  for  lodging  and  feeding  horses  or 

cattle.       '!.    Specif.,    racehorses    belonging   to   a   stable. 

[<  L.OF  ttabulum,   <  sto,  stand  I       sla'bking,  ;/      1. 

The  act  of  one  who  slablcs.      '£.   Itootn   In  a  stable 

sta'bk',  c.  1.  Standing  firmly  in  place;  fixed.  2.  Marked 
by  fixedness  of  purpose,  8.  Saving  durability  or  per- 
manence, [F.,  <  i..  stabilis,  <  sto,  stand.]  Syn.:  see  firm; 
permanent.    .sta-hli'My,  n.    I.  rite  stale  of  being  stable 


i  .i.n-li 
1 1  .mil 


ilak  II- h 


I  i  I        ii        0  ii     t.Orn; 

i      i  I  ii        i  i  ,,     ,,     ,,  ,  w6d,      7JJ4 


-I  I   III    - -I.I  - 

I 

■ 

1 
II        I 


■at  amount . 


i 
Ins  thai 

'   rrui 

-l.i,l    hold    .  r. 
-I  nil    Ii. .1.1    i  r. 

of  tin-  Neth- 
:  the   Prinoea 

r) 
sla'slt-a,  I.   \  •■■;•'•.  surveying" 

Ehtlng-lnstrumeni  rur 

■  .-  .-     k   :.--..     •  -     .1  l   .  •    si  vim  m  i 
-i  i  ili-iiin.   ;  Li-urn,  ii.     [-M-A,  jtl  ]     1. 

eld     2. 

I  irvard. 

■  I.  [L.,<  C!r. 

>U  i  I   Hoi  -t.  In.  II  ir- 

.iiii.    ii.  .  Mai I. im. •  ill-  Marl       7 •  ■ 

stall  .  stavm,  ]  stevs  or  -' 

-iii.  pi.)    1.  A 

-  fi  ir  :iri 

.  ~..ne  or  elin  as  an 

-.■'.      2.   \  shaft  ..r  pole  thai  forms  a 

',.      I        !  body  nf 

offi.  ■  I. 

associau-d  in  carr  ial  enterpn         •">. 

in  written  oi 
printed  musi,  -  ee  stick 

stan*-.  :    r   l.-iii- 

[Prob.  v.-ir.  of  si  in-.] 
Maf  fa,  i  -•  .'  Hebrides  group, 

M. 

stag,  1  I  ■  if  I  he  red  deei 

'.'.  if  ..th.-r  large 

:i.  [Colloq.]  A 
.  especially  when  not  in  tin-  company  of  '■•■ 

as  a  .i/'iylmii'T  (on.-  at 
»hi  r.  male 

animal.    <    ttlga.    mount        -tag 'hound",  - 
greyhound-like  dog.  for  hunting  the  stag. 

-     u.'lVi]      I.   t.      1. 

-.  or  exhibit  on  the 
II. 

1  ■rrn,  with  it.»  scenery  and 

on  which  the  performance  takes 

.11     2.  Hence,  the  profes- 

I . 

r  scaffold  foi  workmen;  a  shelf  or 

■">.  development; 

■     6.  <  im-  oi 

:■  finite  jn.rl  ion   ..i  a 

T.  ■  hide,  formerly  the 

prin  -ii:       .  n.nh" 

'i. 

staffer,   i 

peclaily  iri  the  phrase 

..|.i  -t ai(i-r  ■  at  anything). 

-'  ,.:  'In;:.  I  cafloldlng  or 

'.-  play  uikiii  the 

i  '     •       :      ■ 

-ll." 

»tag'l-l  | .  -i at  i-ii- 

stag'gi  r.  .  II 

in  one 
II.        I. 


1      I 
stag  ti-r.        \  reeling  motion 
■tag  grr-rr.  stM  '««-r-l ■  ii£-l> .  adi, 

-tag  grr>,         I.   \  Lio  animals,  im 

.-:■•  ring 
.'.    V  giddy  or  i  ; 

ubt 

il.  .  |  B  Ol 

,u  town,  where  trlstotle  was  born:  siM-nt .  with 
^■1  !-(.  i  i-  in        Stac'l-rlte, 

-tag    II. nil.   ;  Ii  ui, Inn-  still; 

,  i, ml  ir,,in  linn.-  standing     "I.  Lacking 
or  activity;  Mn        h        I  I 

-l.l<    II  ill-i  \  .  ,:il   i-iin- 

illtlnii       stag'natr.  -.-       -iv.'nm    in'     STAa'NAT-lNl  PO 

,nt  ,,r  inert     itac-ns  'iimi,  n 

i,l,l  r  STAT,  I 

-t.ilil.  date     I  •'  staid,  pp.  of 

.    -,iiii  ii.-Mii!  -Ii  .  -in--.-.,  n 

-i.iin.  ■,.  r.     1. 1.     1.  To  make  a  stain  upon; 

ft,  I     color  by  the  useoi  a  dye  .-r  -tain     :t. 

To  bring  a  mural  -tain  upon     II.  i.    To  take  or  impart 

,111      (  \lil.r   ,,t  DIBTAIN  ) 

Syn.:  blot,  color,  discolor,  disgrace,  iii-i or,  dye,  soil, 

sp.it.  sully,  tarnish,  tinge,  tint.     To  GOior  Is  to  lni|iart  a  color 

desired  nr  undeslred,  temporary  or  permanent,  or.  in  ins  In- 
transitive use,  to  assume  a  color  In  any  waj .  a-,  be  colored 
uith  shame  and  vexation.  To  '-w  is  t,.  impart  s  color  In- 
tentionally and  wiiii  a  view  to  permanence,  ami  especially 

1..  pervade  tin-  substance  ..r  fiber  ,,f  that  to  which  it  Is 

applied.    To  statu  Is  primarily  to  dUcolor,  to  Imparl  a  oolot 

undeslred  and  perhaps  unintended,  and  which  may  or  may 
not  be  permanent.  Thus,  a  character  "dyed  in  the  wool"  is 
one  that  baa  received  some  early  permanent  and  pervading 
Influence;  s  chaw  th  a  crime  or  guilt  Is  de- 

based and  perverted.  Stain  Is,  however,  used  of  giving  an 
Intended  and  perhaps  pleasing  color  to  wood,  glass,  etc  .  by 
an  application  or  coIormg«matter  which  enters  the  sub 
a  little  below  the  surface,  in  distinction  From  painting,  in 
which  colorlng*matter  Is  spread  upon  the  surface;  dyeing 
is  generally  Bald  of  wool,  yarn,  doth,  or  similar  materials 
which  are  dipped  Into  the  coloring  liquid.  Figuratively,  a 
I  ,r,i  or  a  garment  may  in-  dy> ,/  with  blood  in  honorable 
warfare;  an  i  -a It h  th,-  blood  of  his 

victim.   To  time  is  tn  color  slightly,     It  ma]  be  used  of 
giving  a  Blight  flavor,  or  a  slight  admixture  of  one  Ingredient 
or  quality  with   another  that    is  more  pronounced 
blemish;  dkhi.k;  polluti     '  ompare  nut..    Btaln'er, n. 

stain,  n.  1.  A  discoloration  from  foreign  matter,  etc  .  a 
spot;  smirch;  blot.  2.  A  dye  used  in  staining  -t.  \ 
moral  taint;  tarnish. — staln'less,  a.     Innocent;  pure. 

stair,  1  -tar;  2  -tar,  n.     1.  A  step,  or  one  of  a  series  of 
-  uf  Bteps:  usually  in  tin-  plural.    (< 
<    sngan,  climb.]  — stalr'case",   n.     A  set  of 
stair-      -talr'Ha>":. 

stake1,  1  -t.'k;  2  stak.  I.  i(.  [staked1;  stak'ino]  1.  To 
-i  .,r  support  by  means  of  a  stake.  2.  To  mark  the 
boundaries  of  with  stakes  II.  n  A  stick  or  post,  as  of 
wood  sharpened  for  driving  into  the  ground.  2.  A  post 
t,,  which  a  person  is  bound  t,.  be  burned  alive.  ;{.  An 
upright,  set  in  a  socket  at  the  edge  of  the  ilo,,r  ,,f  a  car 

,.r  wugun.  t,,  cnnllnc  lun  i-  mat.  rial.      [<    AS.  statu,  stake] 
-take  .     I  .     '      '1"  |.ui  at  liazanl;  wager;  risk.      II.  n      I. 

Something  wagered  or  ri.-ke.!,  a-  th.-  money  bet  on  a 
often  in  tin-  plural     2.  The  condition  of  being  in 
hazard  or  in  question:  chiefly  in  the  phrase  at  stake, 
my  whole  future  was  at  slake.    3.  A  pnze  in  a  contest 
4.  An  interest,  as  in  an  enterprise;  contingent  gain  or 
loss.     [Special  use  of  stake1,  n] — stake 'taold"er,  r*. 
t  in,-  who  holds  tin;  stakes,  as  in  a  wager, 
-la-lar'lite.   1   -t  .,-lak'toit ;   2  sta-lac 'tit,  ft.      1.  An  elon- 
.  pendulous,  iciclclike  form  in  which  certain  min- 

ially  calcium  carbonate,  are  sometimes  de- 
posited, as  in  a  cave.     2.  Arch.  A  downward-project  bag 
ornament  of  a  vault.-, I  surface.    See  illus.  on  next  page. 
■  ,  dropping  op      stalwae-tlt'- 

lc\  </.     sta-lae'tlc  or  sta-lae'tl-eal:;  stal"ac-tlt 'l-oalj. 
-ta-lair'mitc,  1  sts-lag'mait;  2 sta-lai'mH, n.    An  incrus- 
tation   on   the   llocir  of  a  cavern:   th.-  counterpart  of  a 
stalactite,  often  fusing  with  it  into  a  Btalactitic  column. 

See  Ulus.  on  next   page.     [<  Or.  gtalagmos,  dropping,  < 
,.  drop  I     stal"ag-nilt'lc,  -l-cal,  o. — stal"ag-mlt'- 
I  esl  1] 
-lale,  1  1. 1.    1.  To  make  or  become  stale  or 

vapid;  deprive  of  fresh  interest  II.  i.  To  become  stale 
t. ile.  a  1.  Having  lost  freshness;  slightly  changed  or  de- 
teriorated by  standing.  SpecihcaUy:  H;  Vapid,  as  wine 
that  has  lost  its  sparkle.  12)  .Stagnant,  as  foul  air.  (3) 
I'c -ing  in  some  sta«e  of  decay.     2.    Lacking  in  interest. 


1:8  =  final;    1  =  habit:    aisle;    au  —  out;    oil:    iu  =  ieud;    (Thin;    go;    1}  =  sinff;    thin,   this.        Stablish 
7;>.>       2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   lull,    rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   *em;   ink;    thin,    tnia.  stand 


Stalactites  (n)  and  Stalagmites  (o). 


from  age  or  familiarity;  worn  out;  trite.  [<  OF.  estate, 
<  MD.  stel,  old.)    Syn.:  see  trite.— stale'ness,  re. 

stale1,  re.    1.  A  stalemate.    2t.  A  prostitute. 

stale2!,  re.    1.  A  laughing-stock;  dupe.    2.  Theft;  also,  con- 
cealment; stealth. 
3.  A  decoy;    bait; 
trap;  snare. 

stale  '  mate  ",  1 
stel'met";  2  star- 
mat",  re.  Chess. 
A  position  in 
which  a  player 
can  make  no 
move  without 
putting  his  king 
in  check.  The 
result  is  a  drawn 
game.  [<  AS. 
statu,  theft,  < 
slelan,  steal.  + 
mate2.]  —  stale'- 
mate,  vl.  Chess. 
To  put  into  a  con- 
dition of  stale- 
mate. 

stalk,  1  stek;  2 
stak,  vt.  &  vi.  1. 
To  approach 
stealthily,  for  the 
purpose  of  kill- 
ing, as  in  hunt- 
ing. 2.  To  pace 
in  a  dignified 
manner.  3,  To  proceed  with  a  creeping  motion;  steal 
along.  [<  AS.  stselcan,  walk  slowly,  <  stelan,  steal.  1 
— stalk 'er,  re. — stalk'ing=horse",  ft.  1.  A  horse  behind 
which  a  hunter  conceals  himself  in  stalking  game.  2.  Any- 
thing serving  to  conceal  one's  intention. 

stalk1,  re.  1.  Bot.  (1)  The  stem  or  axis  of  a  plant,  espe- 
cially when  herbaceous.  (2)  Loosely,  any  support  on 
which  an  organ  is  borne,  as  a  pedicel.  2.  Zool.  A  sup- 
porting part;  stem.  3.  Any  stem  or  main  axis,  as  of  a 
goblet.     [Akin  to  Ice.  stilkr,  stalk.]  [or  walk. 

stalk2,  re.    1.  The  act  of  stalking  game.    2.  A  stately  step 

stall,  1  stel;  2  stal.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  place  or  keep  in  a 
stall,  as  cattle  for  fattening.  2.  To  furnish  with  stalls. 
3.  To  fix  or  stick  in  mire  or  snow,  as  a  wagon;  hence,  to 
stop  by  any  obstruction.  II.  re.  1.  A  compartment  in 
which  a  horse  or  bovine  animal  is  confined  and  fed.  2. 
A  small  booth,  or  compartment  in  a  street,  market,  etc., 
for  the  sale  of  anything.  3.  A  partially  enclosed  seat, 
as  in  the  orchestra  of  a  theater  or  the  choir  of  a  cathe- 
dral. 4.  A  working-compartment  in  a  coal-mine.  [  < 
AS.  steal,  <  V  of  stand.]— stall  '=feed",  vt.  To  feed  (as 
cattle)  in  a  stall  or  stable;  fatten. — s  .  =fed,  a. 

stal 'lion,  1  stal'yan;  2  stal'yon,  re.  An  uncastrated  male 
horse  or  other  equine  animal.  See  illus.  at  horse.  [  < 
OF.  estalon,  <  LL.  stallum,  stall.] 

stal 'wart,  1  stel'wart;  2  stal' wart.  I.  a.  1.  Large  and 
strong  in  frame.  2.  Muscular;  brawny.  3.  [U.  S.j 
Standing  fast  as  a  partizan ;  unwavering,  stal  'wart  hf. 
II.  n.  [I  i.  S.]  A  sturdy  partizan;  especially,  a  stalwart 
Republican.  [<  AS.  stselwyrthe,  good,  serviceable.] 
Syn.:  see  strong.— stal 'wart-ly,  adv.— stal'wart-ness,  n. 

Stam-boul',  1  stam-buT:  2  stam-bul',  re.  Constantinople: 
the  Turkish  name;  specifically,  the  ancient  part  of  the  city. 

sta'men,  1  ste'men;  2  sta'mgn,  re.  [sta'menh,  rarely 
stam'i-na,  pi]  The  organ  that  contains  the  pollen  in  a 
flower.  [L.,  <  slo,  stand.]— stam'i-na,  n.  [Originally 
the  plural  of  stamen,  now  construed  as  a  singular.]  1.  Sup- 
porting vitality;  strength;  vigor,  't.  The  supporting  part 
of  a  body.— stam'i-na),  a.  1.  Pertaining  in  a  stamen. 
stam"l-nc'alt;  sta-niin'e-oust.  2.  Relating  to  stamina; 
essential.— statu 'I-nate,  a.  But.  1.  Having  stamens  but 
no  pistils,  as  certain  flowers,     2.  Having  stamens. 

stam'melt.  I.  a.  of  or  pertaining  to  stammel  or  its  color; 
red.  II.  n.  A  linsey-woolsey  of  a  dull  scarlet  color;  also,  a 
dull  scarlet.    [<  OF.  estamlnc,  <  L.  Stamen,  thread.] 

stam'mer,  1  stam'sr;  2  stam'er.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  utter 
with  a  stammer;  stutter.  II.  n.  A  baiting  utterance; 
a  stutter.    [<  AH.stamur,  stammering.]     stain  'iner-er,  n. 

stam'mer-cl.  1  stam'ar-el;  L'  Btam'Sr-eL  [Scot.]  I.  "  Half- 
witted.   II.  n.    An  awkward  blunderer;  stammerer. 

stamp1, 1  stamp;  2  stamp,  v.  I.  (.  1.  To  make  marks  or 
figures  upon  by  means  of  the  impression  o|  a  die,  pal- 
tern,  or  the  like.  2.  To  impress  upon  any  thing  by  a 
stamp.  3.  To  affix  a  postage  or  other  stamp  upon.  4. 
To  bring  down  quickly  and  heavily,  as  the  foot.  5.  To 
effect  as  by  setting  the  foot  down  heavily.    6.  To  assign 


a  distinctive  quality  to;  stigmatize;  brand;  as,  to  stamp  a 
story  as  false.  7.  Figuratively,  to  fix  mentally.  8.  To 
crush,  break,  or  pulverize,  as  ores.  9.  To  shape  by 
pressure;  cut  out  by  a  blow,  as  in  a  machine.  II.  i.  To 
strike  the  foot  forcibly  upon  the  ground.  [  <  AS.  stem- 
pan,  stamp.]  Syn.:  see  impress;  inscribe.— stamp 'er,  re. 
Stamp,  re.  1.  A  characteristic  mark  made  by  stamping;  a 
device  or  design  impressed  upon  any  object,  as  by  a  die. 

2.  An  implement  or  machine  for  stamping.  3.  Any  char- 
acteristic mark,  as  a  label.  4.  Characteristic  quality  or 
form;  kind;  sort.  5.  The  act  of  stamping.  6.  A  printed 
device  prepared  and  sold,  as  by  a  government,  for 
attachment,  as  to  a  letter  (postage^stainp),  commod- 
ity (revenue =stamp),  etc.,  as  proof  that  the  tax  or  fee 
has  been  paid.  7.  pi.  (1)  [Slang,  U.  S.]  Money;  espe- 
cially, paper  money;  scrip.  (2)  Stamp-duties.  8|.  A 
picture  cut  from  or  impressed  on  wood  or  metals.  9f. 
A  medal;  also,  a  small  coin.  Syn.:  see  mark. — stamp'=of"- 
nce,  re.  Com.  An  office  where  government  stamps,  as  appli- 
cable to  duties  and  taxes,  are  issued  or  procured. 

stam-pede',  1  stam-pld';  2  stam-ped'.  I.  t>(.  &  vi. 
[stam-ped'ed"1;  stam-ped'ing.]  1.  To  cause  a  stampede 
or  panic,  as  in  a  herd  of  cattle.  2.  To  move  to  sudden 
concerted  action.  3.  To  rush  off  together  in  disorder. 
4.  To  act  from  a  common  impulse,  as  a  political  con- 
vention. II.  re.  1.  A  sudden  starting  and  rushing  off 
through  panic.  2.  Any  sudden,  impulsive,  tumultuous 
movement  of  a  crowd.     [  <  Sp.  estampida,  crash.] 

stance,  1  stuns;  2  stanc,  re.  1.  [Scot.]  A  position;  a  station, 
hence,  a  site.  2.  A  stanchion;  stand.  3t.  A  stanza.  4t. 
A  space;  distance.     [OF.]     stauncet. — stance,  vi. 

stanch,     )  1  standi;  2  stanch.    I',  vt.    To  stop  or  check 

staunch,  )  the  flow  of  (blood),  as  from  a  wound.  II.  a. 
1.  Firm  in  principle;  constant;  faithful;  hearty.  2.  Hav- 
ing firm  constitution  or  construction;  strong  and  vigor- 
ous. [  <  OF.  estancher,  <  L.  stagno;  see  stagnant] 
Syn.:  firm,  seaworthy,  sound,  stout,  strong,  taut,  tight, 
trim,  trustworthy,  trusty.  See  faithful.  —  Ant.:  crazy, 
leaky,  rotten,  unseaworthy,  untrustworthy.— stanrb'iy, 
adv. — stanch 'ness,  re. 

stan'chion,  1  stan'sTion;  2  stan'ehon.  I.  vt.  To  fasten 
by  means  of  stanchions.  II.  re.  1.  An  upright  bar  or 
timber  forming  a  principal  support.  2.  One  of  a  pair 
of  upright  timbers  used  to  confine  cattle  in  a  stall.  [  < 
LL.OF  stantia,  chamber,  <  L.  stan  (t-)s,  ppr.  of  sto, 
stand.] 

stand,  1  stand;  2  stand,  v.  [stood;  btand'ing.]  I.  t.  1. 
To  place  so  as  to  stay  in  an  upright  position;  set  on  the 
feet,  end,  base,  etc.    2.  To  put  up  with;  bear;  tolerate. 

3.  To  be  subjected  to;  pass  through.  4.  To  be  to  the  ad- 
vantage of:  in  the  phrase  to  stand  one  in  stead  or  in 
good  stead.  5.  [Colloq.]  To  bear  the  expense  of;  as, 
to  stand  treat.  II.  i.  1.  To  rest  on  the  feet  or  be  sta- 
tionary in  an  erect  position.  2.  Hence,  to  be  in  a  verti- 
cal position;  remain  upright.  3.  To  have  moral  recti- 
tude. 4.  To  have  or  be  in  a  particular  stale  or  condi- 
tion. 5.  To  move  into  a  position  and  remain  upright  in 
it;  go;  step;  pass;  as,  stand  from  under.  6.  To  be  scrupu- 
lous; demur.  7.  To  be  situated;  lie.  8.  To  be  or  remain 
at  rest.  9.  To  be  a  substitute  or  representative:  with 
for.  10.  To  be  consistent;  accord.  11.  To  stay  or  remain 
firm;  adhere  steadfastly.  12.  To  remain  in  existence 
13.  To  take  a  direction;  sail.  14.  To  rest  on  a  support 
or  basis;  lienee,  to  depend  logically:  with  on,  upon,  or 
by.     [<  AS.  standan,  stand;  cognate  with  I.,  sto,  Stand.] 

Syn.:  abide,  be  erect,  be  upon  the  feet,  be  upright,  con- 
tinue, endure,  halt,  hold  out.  keep  up.  pause,  remain,  stay, 
stop.  See  persevere;  rest.-  Ant.:  decline,  droop,  drop, 
fail,  faint,  fall,  falter,  lice.  fly.  sink,  succumb,  yield.  Prep.: 
stand  Oft  or  upon  the  shore;  stand  l>y  or  In  a  pledge;  stand  by 
a  friend;  With  the  minority;  for  the  right,  (uiuinsl  the  wrong; 
to  stand  over  a  fallen  toe;  to  Stand  upon  one's  rights, 
stand 'by",  n.  A  trustworthy  person  or  tiling  stand'er  = 
by"||,ft.  A  bystander.— stand 'lug.  I.  pa.  I.  Remaining 
ei e,i  •>.  Maintained  <><r  regular  or  permanent  use.  3. 
Stagnant;  ool  flowing.    4.  Established  as  by  custom;  per- 

mi nl.      II.  n.      1.   Relative  position  as  In  social  or  moral 

relations.    2.  A  Station,    3-  Time  In  which  something  slands 

or  goes  on;  duration.     4.  Tin'  acl  of  one  u ho  stands 
stand '<plpe",  ».     a  vertical  pipe,  as  at  a  reservoir,  Into 
which  the  water  is  pumped  to  give  it  a  head;  a  water-tower. 

stand 'point",    n.      A    position    from    which   'hlngs   are 

viewed     stand 'still,  n.     A  pau  le;  ball 

Stand,  it.  1.  A  structure  upon  which  persons  or  things 
may  stand,  or  on  which  articles  may  I"-  kepi  "i  dis- 
played; a  platform;  stall;  small  table,  rack,  etc,  2.  Any 
place  where  or  in  which  something  slands;  position; 
place;  specifically,  the  place-  of  one's  customary  occupa- 
tion.    3.  The  a'<t  of  standing,  especially  of  standing 


- 1  uiil.iril 

-in 


,      x        i        .        .        i         i  •     mi     rOli     but,  bdrai 

,  ,  >        i  .1111  o,   i.oi,  or,  mOii,      |M 


-1  .11.1 

1 

»r.l. 

. 

•  IJIl.l 

ir.l   . 

I 

li 


i  portion  li\ 

-i. hi. I  - 
jr.l-li .  . 

-I  in. I    ar.l-l-.  -I  in  I      ir.l-l-/  i  -i      lit. ii. 

■  land  -»ril  .        I . 

.'. 
;.  .:  UcJc  ■■!  furni- 


-!-• 


~  l  -* ml   .ir.l  . 
Mill. I    Mi. 

~i jn  .ll-li. 

-tJIH. 

-(.ill    hop.  . 

-t.in   I.  I. 

n.  I    [  - 1  in    in 
-tank.  1  -v.- 


banner,  considered  :i-  an 

•  •   i  \  1 1  \  ■ 
eptacle  for  |M'ns 


Mile*    :    -;    ••    ■ 
int  iii  tiir  "Mayflower";  military 
•  of  :i  poem  i  >>  Longfellow. 

i .  ten  bar,  as  for 

ttHgan,  sting.] 
.!,i  open  one- 
originator.] 
i  he  kestrel,    stao  '- 


i  I. 


i     \n  imr  Penrh)  n    I  ■>  I  ". 
•  !.-;ui  of  \\  eel 

:   Mr  ii.  1 1 r >  Morion    .  -  ■,  lnglo» American  ex- 

rcr  ..f  ii,.-  river  Kongo,  1876   ! s77. 
>  lands  " 
Stanlej  Pool.     \  .   ago  river  in  the  Bcl- 

■  if  ..r  pertatnh 
.  alence.     \  •:    U  ttanntim 

-i.ui  1 1 1 - r > .  -uav,  pi.]     a  tiii-inini'.  or  region  ol  tln« 

-[.in  'met-}        -i  in  ii. ii.  . 
ttavn-nlf  'it-uii«,        \  Ii  Idlng  or  containing  tin.     stan  '- 
diiu>.  In  ii-  lower  i 

-!»n'iiuni.  .•.-,'.        Ini.    II.  1 

Stanton,  .  ton   Kilwln  IfcMasten    isii- 

■  -man. 

-i.ui  /.1.  A  certain  number 

grouped  in  a  definite  scheme  of  meter 

.  lion  of  u  poem:  often  in- 

.  abode,    <   LL. 

ch».-.         -1. in/.    ;-i.in'/o  .     Stan-sale,  <z.  Stan 'alt    . 

slap,  ;  1  II.  u,    I.  a  step. 

triii!.  The  Innermost  ossicle 
I  <  LL.  stapes,  sllrrup.] 
its 'pie1,  - .  v  1 1 1  n.  -1  \'i»uNci.]    To 

irding  to  length,  as  wool*fiber. 
»ta  'pit   .  .  .;...n  by  :i  staple. 

-1. 1  |il   .        1.  tly  produced  or  sold. 

.'1.  Marketable. 
-1. 1  i  ■  I  •  .         1.  A  principal  commodit}  or  production,  as 
bed  article  of  commerce, 
ctor.     >i.  The  fiber  of  col  - 
1.  ■">.  \  commercial  empo- 

[D 
»ta'pli- .  U  metal  with  1 

- 
- 1  1  i>|.  r.  1  f  wool  accord- 

•  who  participated  In  one  ol 
.  by  royal  authority, 
»iar,  I  .1  1  o.  - 1  mi'iuni,  ]    1. 1.    1.  To 

;.  :  1.  wnij  an  a 

S.  1  1  .'  in  di- 

■'<■ 
II.       I.  i  .'.        mine  brightly 

1 .  at  as  to  appear  like  a 

lurr..:  planets, 

rt  latlve  bright- 
ness In  what  are  ,  Oral  being  the 

ile  to  the  nal  1 

■  ■     •  stars  of 
:■■   In  order  of  brilllanc  •    with  the 
.  1  i  ■ 
.••  neralh  fiv< 
.  aa  an  emblem  or  device,  1  •  .Mer-strap  ff 


i  I,  An  actor  «  bo  plaj  1 

.Inn.'  1  ■  >M   hence,  one  who  shines  1 inentl)  In  n 

rulltiii  ■■  ^  \<t  a\ .  nl\  bod}  .on 

n.ilii.  neing  natn  11  lea;   henoi  ,  foi tunc     |  ■ 


PRINi  IPAL 

Si  mis 

Star           '  ""M'' 
I..I1..I. 

Hrll 

Star 

banes 

latlon 

1 

■' 

Bct'el-guaM 

Orion 

lor 

in 

\  .  bar  ma 

1  .1.1., 

pus  Puppls 

nils 

:t 

11    Bootes 

ti 

\l  deb'S  ran 

Taurus 

1 

Rl'gel           orlon 

19 

\n  ta'ri 

Scorpio 

, 

la       \nrl«u 

ia 

Pol'lux 

<  lemlnl 

a 

Lyra 

1 1 

1 

1  en 

7 

•11    1  miiIs   Mi- 

taurua 

nor 

it 

\.--|    incch' 

Virgo 

v 

Bun'gu-la  Centaurus 

16 

. 

Aqnlla 

1  .r  shooting a., a  imall  meteoi  moving  rap- 
Idlj  through  apace  star'  cnam"ber,  n  in  ancient  in 
Kiish  ivk  despotic  powers,  abolished  by  Parlia- 

ment, Jul)  16,  1641;  hence,  an]  arbitrary  or  seerei  tribunal 

-tar  'IMi".  n.     A   marine  animal   having   radiating  arms. 

lomii ly  with  a  staoshaped  body  having  live  or  more  rays 

^.  Bower,  a  I  plant  with  star«6haped  flowers  s.^a/rr. 
n.  One  who  studies  or  gases  at  the  stars;  an  astronomer  or 
astrologer.  -.  gazing,  star  less,  a  Being  without 
stars  or  starlight,  starlight",  I.  a,  Lighted  by  or  onl] 
by  the  stars,    siar'llt":.    U.n.  The  light  given  by  a  star  or 

Stars,      Starlike",  11.     Like  B  star;  lirlk'lit.  luminous;  sliln- 

itiK.— siar'iic".  a.  -.  oi  Bethlehem!  n  \n  Old  World 
plant  of  the  illy  family,  with  white  flowers  Btrlped  with 
green  on  the  outside,  starred,  a,  1.  Spangled  with  stars; 
marked  with  stars  or  a  star.  2.  Affected  by  astral  Influ- 
chlefly  in  composition;  as.  tilftarred.  —  star'ry,  u. 

[BTAB'BI-XB;  STAB'RI-E8T.]     1.  Set  with  stars  or  .starlike  spots 

or  points.  >•  Lighted  by  the  stars.  S.  Shining  as  or  like 
the  stars.  4.  star- shaped.  •>.  I  >f.  pertaining  to,  or  con- 
nected with  stars,  star'rl-ness,  n.  -  star'wort",  n.  1. 
a  variety  of  aster.     ''■  Bameaa  i  a*  gwi  i  a 

star 'hoard,  1  BtoVbdrd  or  I  Voul  I  rtaVbrd;  2  staVbord  or 
n'linl.  1'.  it.  To  pui  or  turn  (the  helm)  to 
the  starboard.  II-  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  rinht  of 
the  observer  on  a  vt  ssel  when  facing  the  bow.  III.  n. 
That  side  of  a  vessel  on  the  right  hand  of  one  facing  the 
bovi     See  poet     1-    AS.  ste6r,  rudder,  -\- bord,  eide.] 

starch,  1  storcn;  2  st&roh.  I',  rt.  To  apply  Btarch  to; 
stiffen  or  tnat  with  or  as  with  Btarch;  make  stifT,  un- 
yielding,or  precise.  II  .a.  Stiff  and  rigid;  prim;  pre- 
cise. III.  n,  1.  A  white,  odorless,  tasteless  Bubstance, 
insoluble  in  cold  water,  alcohol,  and  other  liquids,  found 
in  the  seeds,  pith,  or  tubers  of  plants.  2.  A  gummy  solu- 
tion of  the  above,  as  prepared  for  use  in  stiffening 
clothes  iii  the  laundry.  3.  Figuratively,  stiffness  or 
formality;  also,  courage;  backbone.  [<  AS.  tteaire, 
strong.]    starcii'iy,  adv.     Btarch 'ed-Iyl.— starch 'y,  n. 

1.  Ctened  With  Btarch;  stirf;  formal;  precise,     starched,'. 

2.  Formed  of  or  combined  with  starch;  farinaceous. — 
starch '1-ness,  «.    starch'ed-nesst. 

5 tare,  1  star ; 2 star,  e.  [stared;  btab'ihg.]  l.t.  To  look 
at  with  a  Btare;  affect  in  some  specified  way  by  ;i  stare; 
as,  to  Ion  one  out  of  countenance.  II.  i.  1.  To  fix  tin- 
eyes  in  a  .-toady  gaze,  as  expressing  absent-mindedness, 
amazement,  horror,  admiration,  or  insolence.  2.  To 
show  with  undue  prominence;  be  too  conspicuous;  as, 
that  color  .•■tuns  i.  To  project  stiffly,  as  hair.  [  <  AS. 
in,  stare  ]    Syn.:  see  LOOK. — star'er,  n. 

stare,  n.     A  steady,  fixed  naze  \vitli  widcopen  eyes. 

-.(ark,  ]  itdrk;  2  stark.  I.  a.  I.  Stiff  or  rigid,  as  in  death; 
figuratively,  stubborn;  inflexible,    ''.  ( lorn- 

plete;     utter;  always  in  depreciation.     3||. 
Strong     and     powerful.       II.    adv.      Com- 
pletely:  utterly:    with   certain  spe- 
cial adjectives;  as,  xtart;  mad.     [< 
Vfl     leori  .  -till.]     starket- 
stark,    1   Btflrk;    2  stark.   John    (1728- 

1822]  An  American  Revolutionary 
general;  defeated  the  British  at  Ben- 
nington, 
star'ling,  1  BtaVkrj ;  2  star/ling,  n.  1. 
An  OlofWorld  l>ird,  brown  glossed 
with  black.  2.  A  similar  American 
bird.    |uim..  <  as    imr,  starling.] 

Starred,  star'ry,  etc.     See  STAB. 

-turl  Ij  1  start;  2  start,  v.    I.  t.     1.  To    (.ommon  Starllni,'. 

originate     motion     or      action    in, 

often    hy  a  sudden    impulse;    cause  to  move  or  act. 

(1)  To  rouse  suddenly  in  cover;  cause  to  leap  or  fly,  as 


1:  a -'final;    I  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  oi*t;    ell;     lfl  =  feud;    <fhin;    go;    n  =  sing;    Chin,    this.      standard 
757     2:wQlf,  dfi;   bdbk,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  stay 


game;  hence,  to  startle;  shock.  (2)  To  set  in  motion, 
as  something  inanimate,  or  give  a  signal  for  the  motion 
of.  (3)  To  move  somewhat  from  its  place;  dislocate; 
loosen.  2.  To  give  a  beginning  or  new  direction  to; 
originate;  begin.  3.  To  bring  forward  unexpectedly; 
call  forth;  evoke,  as  an  objection  or  a  difficulty.  4.  To 
draw  the  contents  from;  tap;  also,  to  draw  from  the 
containing  cask.  5 1|.  To  invent;  discover.  II.  i.  1.  To 
make  an  involuntary  startled  movement,  as  from  fear  or 
surprize.  2.  To  move  suddenly,  as  with  a  voluntary  mo- 
tion; shrink;  wince:  often  with  back,  away,  or  aside.  3. 
To  make  a  beginning;  set  out.  4.  To  proceed,  as  from  a 
place  or  origin,  as  of  motion,  causation,  etc.;  arise; 
spring.  5.  To  be  dislocated;  become  loose.  6||.  To  de- 
viate. [ME.  sterten;  akin  to  Dan.  styrtc,  ruin,  D.  storten, 
(_;.  sturzen,  precipitate.]  Syn.:  see  institute. — start'er,  n. 
—  start'ing=hole"t,  n.  Means  of  evasion;  a  loophole;  ref- 
uge.—  start'lng-lyt,  adv.  By  fits  and  starts.  —  start's 
up",«.    1.  [Colloq.]  The  act  of  starting  up.    2t.  An  upstart. 

Start,  n.  A  quick,  startled  movement  or  feeling;  a  sudden 
quickening  of  sense,  pulse,  or  nerve,  often  with  tremor 
or  shock,  at  something  unexpected.  2.  A  setting  out  or 
going  forth;  beginning.  3.  A  temporary  or  spasmodic 
action  or  attempt;  a  brief,  intermittent  effort.  4.  A 
sudden  effusion;  burst;  sally;  as,  starts  of  wit  or  fancy. 
5.  Distance  in  advance  at  the  outset;  lead.  6.  Impetus 
at  the  beginning  of  motion  or,  figuratively,  of  a  course 
of  action.  7.  A  loosened  place  or  condition;  crack;  giv- 
ing way.    Syn.:  see  beginning. 

star'tl(ep,  1  star'tl;  2  star'tl,  vt,  &  vi.  [star'tl(e)dp; 
star'tling.]  1.  To  arouse  or  excite  suddenly;  cause  to 
start  involuntarily;  alarm.  2.  To  be  suddenly  aroused 
or  excited.     [Freq.  of  start,  v.] — star'tler,  n. 

starve, )  1  starv;  2  starv,  v.     [starved,  starvd3;  starv'- 

starv8,  (  inc.]  I.  t.  1.  To  reduce  to  a  state  of  extreme 
hunger.  2.  To  kill  by  depriving  of  food  or  of  any  neces- 
sary element  or  nourishment.  3.  [Eng.]  To  kill  with 
cold;  benumb.  II.  i.  1.  To  suffer  from  severe  or  ex- 
treme hunger;  famish.  2.  Especially,  to  die  for  lack  of 
food.  3.  To  suffer  mentally  or  spiritually.  4.  [Eng.] 
To  die  of  cold.  [  <  AS.  steorfan,  die.] — star-va'tion,  n. 
— starve'llng.  I.  a.  1.  Suffering  for  lack  of  nourishment; 
starving;  emaciated;  stunted.  2.  Failing  to  meet  needs;  inad- 
equate: as,  a  starveling  religion.  II.  n.  A  person  or  animal 
that  is  starving,  starved,  or  emaciated.    Syn.:  see  meager. 

Stat.,  abbr.    Slaiim  (L.,  immediately),  statuary,  statute. 

state,  1  stet;  2  stilt.  I.  vi.  [stat'ed11;  stat'ing.]  1.  To 
set  forth  explicitly,  as  in  speech  or  writing.  2.  Law.  To 
declare  as  a  matter  of  fact.  3.  Alg.  To  express  the  con- 
ditions of  (a  problem)  in  symbols.  II.  a.  1.  Pertaining 
to  the  state;  public.  2.  Intended  for  use  upon  occasions 
of  ceremony.  3.  [S-]  Of  or  pertaining  to  one  of  the 
United  States.  III.  n.  1.  Mode  of  existence  as  deter- 
mined by  circumstances,  external  or  internal ;  condition ; 
situation.  2.  A  political  community  organized  under 
a  distinct  government  recognized  by  the  people  as 
supreme;  a  commonwealth;  a  nation.  3.  Such  a  com- 
munity forming  part  of  a  federal  monarchy  or  republic; 
especially  [S-],  one  of  the  United  States.  4.  The  func- 
tions or  powers  collectively  of  a  state  or  nation;  civil 
government.  5.  Grand  and  ceremonious  style;  dignity. 
6t.  (1)  A  statement;  account  stated.  (2)  Income; 
estate.  (3)  A  person  of  rank;  a  noble.  [<  L.OF  status,  < 
in.  (supine stfilum),  stand.)  Syn.:  (vert))  see  affirm;  ALLEGE; 
assert;  RELATE;  (noun)  see  people.— state's  evidence.  [U. 
S.l  1.  Testimony  introduced  by  the  prosecution  in  a  crimi- 
nal case.  2.  A  confederate  who  confesses  hJa  own  guilt,  and 
testifies  against  bis  accomplices. — States  General,  a  gen- 
eral as  opposed  to  a  provincial  legislature:  the  name  of  the 
legislative  body  of  the  Netherlands  and  that  of  France  before 
the  Revolution.  Stales  of  the  Church,  a  part  of  central 
Italy  which,  before  the  unification  of  Italy  In  1870,  was  under 

the  sovereignty  of  the  Pope.  Papal  States;,  slate'craft, 
n.  The  art  of  conducting  affairs  of  state.  stat'ed,  pa. 
Established;  regular;  fixed.  S.vn.:  see  habitual,  stat'ed- 
\y,adv.  state  'hood,  n.  [U.  S.l  The  condition  or  status  of 
one  of  the  United  States  as  opposed  to  that  of  a  Territory. — 
State-house",  n.  [U.  S  I  A  building  used  for  sessions  of  a 
state  legislature  and  for  other  public  purposes;  a  State  cap 

Itol.    -state'ly.    I.  a.     [STATE'LI-ER;  STATE'LI-EST.]     Digni- 
fied; lofty.     Syn.:  see  awful;  grand;  haughty;  si  BLIM1 
II.  mlr.  Loftily      slale'll-lyt. — slale'll-ness,  //.      State'- 

incut,  n.  1.  a  summary  of  facts;  narration,  2.  Thai  which 
Is  stated.  Syn.:  see  report. —  slale'room",  n  I.  A  pri- 
vate sleeping-apartment,  as  in  a  vessel.  2.  A  room  Ol  tate, 
as  in  a  palace— statcs'man,  n.  [-men.  i>I.\  One  skilled  in 
the  science  of  government;  a  political  leader  ol  distinguished 
ability.— states 'man-like,  a  states  'man-lyj.  states'- 
man-ship,  n.  The  art  of  a  statesman, 
Stat'en  Island,  1  stat'en;  2  stat'Cn.     An  Island  at  the  en- 


trance to  New  York  harbor,  forming  the  county  and  borough 
of  Richmond,  New  York  city;  57  sq.  m.;  pop.  98  684 
sta'ter,  1  stc'tar;  2  sta'ter.  n.     1.  A  gold  coin  ol  ancient 
Greece,  worth  20  drachmas,  or  about  S4.00.     2.  Later,  a 
silver  coin,  worth  4  drachmas.    [  <  Gr.  stater.) 
stat'ic,       )  1  stat'ik,  -l-kal;  2  stat'ic,  -i-cal,  a.     1.  Per- 
stat'i-cal,  J  taining  to  bodies  at  rest  or  forces  in  equilib- 
rium: opposed  to  dynamic.     2.  Acting  as  weight,  but 
not  moving.     3.  Elec.  Pertaining  to  electricity  at  rest. 
See  electricity.     [  <  Gr.  statikos,  causing  to  stand.] — 
stat'i-cal-ly,  adv.— stat'les.  n.  The  science  of  bodies  at  rest. 

sta'tion,  1  ste'shan;  2  sta'shon.  I.  vt.  To  assign  to  a 
station;  set  in  position.  II.  n.  1.  A  place  where  a  per- 
son or  thing  usually  stands  or  is;  an  assigned  location. 
2.  An  established  place  or  building  serving  as  a  starting- 
point,  stage,  stopping-place,  or  post.  3.  Social  condi- 
tion: rank;  standing.  4.  Swrv.  (1)  A  point  around  or 
from  which  measurements  of  angles  or  distances  are 
made.  (2)  The  distance  adopted  for  the  standard 
length.  5.  A  military  post.  6.  Mining.  A  recess  in  a 
mine-shaft  or  -passage.  7.  The  act  of  standing  still;  a 
state  of  rest.     [F..  <  L.  statio(n-).  <  sto,  stand.] 

Syn.:  depot.  The  word  depot  is  irregularly  used  in  the 
United  States  to  designate  the  place  for  the  starting  and 
stopping  of  railroads  rains,  but  the  better  term,  station.  Is 
coming  into  increasing  use.  See  place.  For  verb  see  set. 
— sta'tion-a-ry,  a.  1.  Remaining  in  one  place.  2.  Fixed: 
opposed  to  portable.  3.  Exhibiting  no  change  of  character 
or  condition.— sta'tion-er,  n.  A  dealer  in  stationery.— 
sta'tion-er"y,  n.  Writing-materials  in  general;  especially, 
note-paper  and  envelops. 

sta'tist,  1  ste'tist;  2  sta'tist,  n.  1.  A  statistician.  2f. 
One  versed  in  statecraft  or  politics.     [<  state,  n.] 

sta-tis'tics,  1  sta-tis'tiks;  2  sta-tis'ties,  n.  pi.  1.  System- 
atized numerical  facts  collectively.  2.  The  science  that 
deals  with  the  collection  and  tabulation  of  such  facts: 
used  as  a  singular.  [<  statist.] — sta-tis'ti-cal,  a. 
sta-tis'tict.— sta-tls'tl-cal-ly,  adv.— stafls-ti'eian,  n. 
One  skilled  in  collecting  and  tabulating  statistics. 

stat'ue,  1  staclr'u  or  stat'yu;  2  stach'y.  or  stat'yv,  n.  A 
representation  of  a  human  or  animal  figure  in  marble, 
bronze,  etc.:  distinguished  from  painting  or  relief.  [F, 
<  L.  statua,  <  sto,  stand.]  stat'u-at.  Syn.:  see  image.— 
stat'u-a-ry,  n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  1.  Statues,  collectively  con- 
sidered. 2.  A  statue-maker.  3.  The  art  of  making  statues. 
— stat'ued,  a.— staf'u-esque',  a.  Resembling  a  statue. 
-ly,  adv.   -ness,  n.— stat"u-ette',  n.    A  small  statue. 

stat'ure,  1  stacli'ur  or  stat'yur;  2  stach'iir  or  stat'yur,  n. 
The  natural  height  of  an  animal  body:  used  especially 
of  man.    [F.,  <  L.  statura,  <  sto,  stand.] 

sta'tus,  1  ste'tus;  2  sta'tus,  n.  1.  State,  condition,  or 
relation.    2.  Relative  position  or  rank.    [L.] 

stat'ute,  1  stacii'ut  or  stat'yut;  2  stiich'ut  or  stat'yut 
I.  o.  Consisting  of  or  regulated  by  statute.  II.  n.  A 
legislative  enactment  duly  sanctioned  and  authenti- 
cated; any  authoritatively  declared  ordinance  or  [aw. 
[<  F.  stalut,  <  LL.  statutum,  <  L.  sto,  stand.)  Syn.:  see 
law.— stat'ute=book",  n.  The  records  collectively  of 
legislative  acts;  a  book  or  the  books  In  which  statutes  are 
published.— s.=capt,  n.  A  woolen  cap:  from  an  Elizabethan 
statute  requiring  such  a  cap  to  be  worn  on  holidays 
stat'u-to-ry,  a.  Pertaining  to  a  statute;  created  by  iegis 
lative  enactment.     stat'ut-a-bl(ct. — Stat'ut-a-bly,  adv. 

staum'rel,  1  stflm'rcl;  2  stam'rel,  a.  [Scot.]  Half-witted. 

staunch,  v.,  a.,  &  n.    Same  as  stanch. 

stave,  1  stev;  2  stav,  v.  [staved  or  stove;  stav'ing]  I. 
t.  I.  To  break  in  the  staves  or  st  rakes  of  (a  cask  01  B 
boat,  etc.) ;  crush  the  shell  or  surface  of;  break  in  pieces; 
smash:  often  with  in.  2.  To  make  (a  hole)  by  crushing 
or  collision.  3.  To  furnish  or  fit  with  Staves,  4.  To 
ward  off,  as  with  a  staff;  prevent:  usually  with  off.  II.  i. 
To  be  broken  in,  as  a  vessel's  hull.    [<  AS.  stmf,  st  all  | 

stave,  n.  [staves,  1  stev/,;  2  stavz,  pi]  I.  A  curved  strip 
of  wood,  forming  a  part  of  t  he  sides  of  a  barrel,  t  ub,  or 
I  lie  like.  2.  A  straight  board  forming  pari  of  a  curl),  as 
aboutawell.    .'1.   1///      A  stalT.    4.  A  stanza;  verse. 

staves,  1  stevz;  2  stilvij,  n.  Plural  Of  STAFF. 

staw,  1  sto;  2  sta.  [Prov.  Brit.]  I.  vt.  A  vt.  1.  To  stall,  or  be 
stalled.  2.  To  surfeit.  H.  «.  A  surfeit.  [<  Dan.staa.l 

Stay,  1  st.e;  2  Sta,  1>,  [STATED  or  staid;  stat'ing.]  I.  t. 
1.  To  stop  the  progress  of;  check,    2.  Tobi  a  support  to; 

prop:   often   with   up.     3.  To  postpone,      4.   To  satisfy 

temporarily;  appease     S,  To  supporl  with  stays,  as  a 
mast.     II.  i.     I.  To  remain;  tarry,     '!.  To  halt.     3. 

[Colloq.]  To  have  a  temporary  abode;  be  a  guesl  |  as,  he 

is  siiii/ini/  at  the  hotel,    4.  [Colloq.]  To  have  or  exhibit 

Btaying  powers,  as  a  horse.     5||.  To  rely;  rest.     (i|.  To 

attend;  wait;  serve.    7|.  To  cease,    I  •    .Ml).'"'  staeye, 

stay.]     Syn.:  see  ABIDE;  HINDER;  0B8TR1  CT;  PERB1 
repress;  BEST;  STAND;  SUSPEND      slaj  'cr,  n, 


s  1 .11 

stem 


I    ■                »           I         '            I            I           •            I             i                         >>     not,  Or,    full.  rOli-;    lull,  liOrn; 
I        >        l&at,  what,  nil;    i •  i  fl  ill  i  >,.  arte, 


1  ,s 


'. 


-    I     D 


•  whirh 
il  pro- 

ll«]    tall    . 


II 


sU   1. 1 


I  I 

imperil; 
•  r  thing 

■  I  stand  in  stead      in  food 

.  compounds 

rANU 

. 

I.  A  i     Mi    IIP, 

tied  >  .  make,    hold,    "r    become 

II.  I .  ~i  ible  in 

ri  in  in.  .villi,  -iit ;  regular;  uniform 
un  nr  intemperam  •       I .  I 

har.v  ■■  i  tail; 

-!.    |.|    l-l>  .  sic. id    t-neas, 

-ii.ik. 

-i.  .il.  w.'im;  )     I.  /. 

I.    1  ..    I'mm  another's  possess] without 

m,  and  usually  in  a  seen  i 

'.'.  .  lume  wrongfully  the 

mother's  work:  plagiarize. 

tn    ■•      4 .  I  •  •  get  i  ir 

gain  •">.  '!'••  do,  get . 

-.  ertly.     II.         1 .  iiinit  theft ;  in 

'.'.    i         •  in  :i  concealed,  nr 

p  or  creep  along,    [<AS  ttelan,  steal.] 

Sn.  ry,  oommll  theft,  embeule, 

r,  pillage,  plunder,  purloin,  rob,  swindle 

•.ike  and  carry  away  the  p 

proi-  -  with  Felonious  Intent,    To  commit  th<ii 

a  Iththe  Indefinite  article,  to  commit 
has  Ihesan  :iing.  hut  Li  not  a  common  phi 

:-.  in  Law,  ti>  commit  simple  larceny;  but 
applied  to  any  furtive,  covert,  nr  surrep- 
titious taking  of  anything,  whether  material  nr  Immaterial. 
To  ;  I  petty  articles.     The  word  I 

daily  emphasizes  tl  the  act:  lilch  l.i 

ordinarily  applied  to  thing-  ol  little  value,  but  may  apply  to 

■  s  from 
me  n  to  carry 

far  away,  ami  hi  commonly  applied  to  the  dishonest   re- 
moval of  art  or  Importance.    To  rob  Is,  In  law, 

frniii  the  person  li'.    force  or  fear.  :ls  In 

p  i    ■ 

i  due  from  places  as  well  as 

■  il  of  force  and  vloleni 
and  feloulou>l>  from  among  Other 

in  appropriate 

•  ived  and  held  In  Ir  I 

Mwimiit  is  to  cheat  grossly,  commonly  b)  false  preten 

Is  Dot  under  that  name;  one  form 

....  ... 

Lndi<  •  in-  carried  od 

und'  •  ■.'•  r  i-  to  take  property  from 

an  n  of  war,  and  la  not  a  crime  at  law.    Bee 

'    tck,   Hive  up,   make  good,   refund. 

repa:  im,  surrender,    steal,  n.    [Colloq.]    The 

•iii  •  r.         steal  'lug.  n. 
-'.  .ilih.  I.  The  quality  or  habit 

-  nit  h.  li  ,1  mannei 

ing     '.'  •  I   ■  ret  movement 

stealth  > .         Moving  oi 
stealth  i-b  .  -lean  b  l-nees, 

-li    llll.  I.  I  .'  ate.   eook.   or 

the  moisture 
from  (unburn!  1m  II.         I.  To  make,  give  off.  or 

.'. 
To  ri 
It)  iiii.  I  ter  in  the  form  of  vapor;  especially, 

■  i  l,y  boiling 
■;.   1   i'  visible  mi  rt 
ondenaed  by  cooling.    •{. 

|  Ml      tin    ll   ". 

iiii  ':en"gln<-.  n      \u  engine  that  derives  Its  motive 

iteam'er,        i     mnethlng 

-  Bed  or  work)  hip     'l. 

.    omethlng  Is  steamed.— s.=haniiner,  n 


\  powerful  machlnchami  tin     steam '- 

•hlp*,  propelled  bj 

-i.  no    i  n w   .  \    iuii   propelled  in    steam 

■learn 'y,  a     Kuli  ol  iteatn1»nesB. 

i  hi.  1  !at£'a-rln  \  » bite,  i»  arl; 

tallm m pound  contained  in  many  animal  ami  vogi 

tabli  trlatearln. 

i,    ii  in.       -i.  -  ii  o  , 

ill      i-  III.  .  lU  ".l-llt  'Ir,  u 

sted'tast,    i  I 

str.iti  i.i-i  .  j  i .  i   rmlj  iim  .1  in  faith  or  devotion  to  duty; 

'.'.   Directed  fixodlj   at  one  point  oi  to  on< 

cml.ns  thngnir  orpurj ;atcadj      I-     \s  iteds,  place, 

rtRM       IM   I   I   Mill   I   .     II  KM  \\l     .1 

*ieii  'ffcst-lj  ,  ited  'fkat-ness,  ■ 

Sted'man,    I  Bdnwnd  Clarence 

1908       \n  tmcrtcan  poet,  critic  and  flnancler 

-tecil,   [  stld  ialll  .  a  uai-li.ir.ii-: 

now  chiefly  a  lit. ■•■ 
steek<.  l -hi,  :.• -.lei,,  i/  [Scot.]  I.  To  shut;  close  >.  To  pierce; 

siltiii      [       STICK1,  r.| 

Bteel,  1  -ni.  ;.'  stel  I.  I  I.  To  covei  with  rteel;  plate 
with  nr  furnish  with  steel  '!■  To  Fortify  or  strengthen 
with  or  a-  with  steel  S,  To  make  hard,  sevi  re,  ami  un- 
feeling or  unyielding:  harden,    4.  i |y  ap- 

fnce  i.i  II.  o  Mail.-  or  composed  of  Bteel;  hi  nee, 
isxd;  obdurate  III.  n  1.  ^compound  of  iron  (chiefly 
with  carbon),  decidedly  malleable  at  some  high  temper- 
ature and  hardening  greatly  by  sudden  oooling;  specil  . 
a  compound  oi  mm  containing  0.26  to  3  per  cent  oi 
carbon:  the  strongest  material  known,  much  harder 
and  more  elastic  than  iron.    '!.  Something  made  of  steel, 

d  implement  or  weapon.     [<  AS.  style,  steel.] 

steel  Milne".    I.  a.     Saving  a  color  similar  to  the  bluish 

tinge  of  certain  steels     ll.  a,     A  steel»blue  color     steel 

trap,  a  trap  having  two  Bteel  laws  that  close  bj  a  Bpiing, 

si. -el ') ,  ■■     Of  oi  like  steel;  having  a  BteeMlke  hardness, 

Steele,    1   sill;   g  si.-l.   Sir   Kleliard    (1872    1729).      An    Irish 

dramatist  and  -  bSpbctatob 

sieel  '>ard,  1  stll'ydrd;  2  st&l'y&rd,  n,  A  simple  device  for 
weighing,  consisting  of  a  Bcale*beam,  counterpoise,  and 
hooKB,  the  article  to  be  w<  Lghed  being  hung  at  the  short 
en. I,  and  the  counterpoise  weight  on  the  Long  arm.  [  < 
n  .  |  vakii  (enclosure) ;  meant  to  be  a  tranalat  Ion  or 
\i  1 1    taeihof,  sample>yard.j 

steen'liok",   1  siln'|«,    slen'lhok*;  2  st£n[or  stcn'Jt)6k*,  n.    A 

small  African  antelope      |i>  .  •    sta n, 

stone,   f  h,ik. 
sleep,   |  p,  vt.  &  vi.     To  soak 

in  a  liquid;  mingle  gradually  in  an 
infusion;  macerate.    [<  ice   steypa, 
overturn,  <  stUpa,  stoop.]    Bteep'er,  n. 
a  vessel  for  steeping. 
Bteep,  '>.    1.  Making  a  large  angle  with 
lie- plane  of    the  horizon.     '1.  [Colloq.] 
itant ;  high,  as  a  price. 
Syn.;  abrupt,  high,  precipitous,  sharp. 
sheer.     High  Is  used  oi  simple  elevation; 

teep  Is  said   only  of  an  Incline  where  the 

vertical  measurement  Is  sufficiently  great 

In  proportion  to  the  horizontal   to  make  It 

difficult  of  ascent.    Steep  is  relative;  an    Bteenbok. 

eat    of    100    feet    to  the  mile  on  a  rail- 
way Is  a   ilup  grade;  a  rise  of  500  feet  to  the  mile  make,  a 
wagoiiToad:  a   rool   Is  Steep  when  It  makes  with   the 
horizontal  line  an  angle  of  more  Ihan  46°,     A  high  mountain 

may  be  climbed  i.\  a  winding  mad  nowhere  steep,  while  a 
little  hill  ma  ble  only  by  a  steep  path      \  sharp 

ascent  or  descent  li  one  that  makes  a  sudden,  decided 
angle  with  the  plane  from  which  n  starts;  a  sheer  ascent 
or  descent  Is  perpendicular,  or  nearly  so.  precipitous  applies 
to  that  which  Is  of  the  nature  ol  a  precipice,  and  Is  used 
espcciaii'.  of  a  descent .  abrupt  Is  a.s  if  broken  sharply  off, 

and  applies  to  either  acclivity  or  declivity.  See  high. — 
Ant.:  easy,  gentle,  gradual,  level,  low.  slight. 

sleep,-.      \  precipitous  place;  a  hill;  cliff;  precipice.    [< 
I.  akin  to  -  roop,  i  |   -Ii .  adx .   -ness(  n, 

g  tee 'pi  e*,  1  Stf'pl;  L'  BtS'pl,  n.  \  lofty  structure  rising 
ahov    the  root  of  a  church;  a  spire.      [  <   AS.  sU  pel, 

i  tee 'pie- bush",  n      \n  erect  shrub  of  the 

rose  family,  With  dense  terminal  clusters  of  rose-cnlurcd 
llow.rs  hard 'haekt.  stee'ple-ehase",  n.  A  race  on 
hor  I  ountr         s|,.,,ph-ehas"er, ». 

steer  .  r,  v.    I.  t.    To  turn  or  keep  on  a  given 

com  rudder.    11.  i.    1.  To  guide  a  vessel  by 

i     ';.  To  guide  or  direct  one's  course 

S.  To  be  subject  to  ilc  action  of  the  helm  or  of  any 

guidance,  stedr,  rudder.] — stcer'- 

iiiK>wlieel".    "       I,    '."''.   A  vertical  wheel  with   handles 

■.inch  motion  Is  communicated  to  the  rud- 
der by  the  wheel-ropes  or  other  connections.    '£.  A  hand' 


Head  of  the 

Vn 


1:3=  final;    inhabit;    aisle;    flu  =  out;    ell;    iu  =  feud;    (fhin;    go;    0  =  sing;    thin,   this. 
J59  2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    bUrn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


stay 
stern 


wheel  for  guiding  a  tract  ion=engine  or  other  heavy  vehicle. 
— steers  'man,  n.    [-men,  pi.]    One  who  steers  a  boat. 

steer2,  v.  &  n.  [Scot.]  Same  as  stir. 

steer,  n.  1.  A  young  male  of  the  ox  kind;  especially,  a 
castrated  male,  from  two  to  four  years  old.  2.  [U.  S.] 
An  ox  of  any  age.     [  <  AS.  steor,  steer.] 

steer'age,  1  stlr'ij ;  2  ster'ag,  re.  1.  That  part  of  an  ocean 
passenger=vessel  occupied  chiefly  by  immigrants.  2.  In 
a  war=vessel,  the  portion  of  the  berth=deck  just  forward 
of  the  wardroom,  appropriated  as  the  quarters  of  junior 
officers,  clerks,  etc.  3.  The  act  of  steering.  4.  The  state 
of  being  steered. — steer 'age- way",  re.  Sufficient  move- 
ment of  a  vessel  to  enable  it  to  answer  the  helm. 

stein,  1  stain;  2  stin,  re.  A  stone  beer=mug,  holding  usually  a 
pint;  also,  the  quantity  of  beer  it  contains.    [G.] 

stein 'bok",  re.  Same  as  steenbok.    stein'buck"t. 

steledt,  pp.  Delineated. 

stel'lar,  1  stel'ar;  2  sted'ar,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  stars; 
astral.  [<  LL.  stellaris,  <  L.  Stella,  star.]  stei'Ia-ryt. 
— stellate,  a.  Star=shaped  or  starlike,  stel'lat-edt. — 
stel-lif'er-ous,  a.  Abounding  with  stars.— stel'li-form, 
a.  Star=shaped. — stel'lu-lar,  a.  Bespangled  with  fine  stars. 

stelledt,  a.    Fixed,  as  the  stars. 

stem1,  1  stem;  2  stSm,  v.    [stemmed;  stem'ming.]    I.  (. 

I.  To  resist  or  make  progress  against,  as  a  current:  often 
figuratively.    2.  To  strike  with  the  stem  (of  a  vessel). 

II.  i.    To  make  headway  against  a  current  or  the  like. 
titem2,  vt.    1.  To  stop  or  hold  back,  as  a  current,  etc.    2. 

To  make  tight,  as  a  joint.    [  <  Ice.  stemma,  stop.] 

stem3,  vt.  1.  To  remove  the  stems  of  or  from.  2.  To 
supply  with  stems;  also,  to  lengthen,  as  short  stems. 

stem1,  re.  1.  The  stock  of  a  tree,  shrub,  or  plant;  the 
ascending  axis;  the  main  body  or  stalk.  2.  The  rela- 
tively slender  growth  that  supports  the  fruit,  flower,  or 
leaf  of  a  plant;  a  stalk.  3.  Any  similar  slender  part, 
as  the  handle  of  a  goblet,  the  shaft  of  a  feather,  or  the 
line  attached  to  the  head  of  a  note  in  music.  4.  Philol. 
That  part  of  a  noun  or  verb  to  which  the  case«endings 
or  personal  endings  and  tense=signs  are  affixed.  5.  The 
stock  of  a  family  lineage.  [<AS.  stemn, stem,  <  V  of  stand.] 
— stem'=wlnd"er,  re.  A  watch  wound  by  turning  a  head 
on  the  stem. — s.swinding,  a. 

stem2,  re.  1.  A  nearly  upright  timber  or  metal  piece  con- 
stituting the  forward  member  of  a  vessel's  hull.  2f«  The 
bow  of  a  vessel.    [  <  AS.  stefn,  prow  of  a  ship.] 

stencil,  1  stendh;  2  stfinch,  re.  A  foul  or  offensive  odor: 
also  figurative.  [<  AS.  stenc,  smell.]    Syn.:  see  smell. 

sten'cil,  1  sten'sil;  2  stfn'cil.  I.  vt.  [sten'ciled  or 
-cilled,  -cild8;  sten'cil-ing  or  sten'cil-ling.]  1.  To 
make  with  a  stencil.  2.  To  put  (words  or  designs)  on 
with  a  stencil.  II.  re.  1.  A  thin  sheet  or  plate  in  which 
a  pattern  is  cut  by  means  of  spaces  or  dots,  through 
which  a  color  applied  to  the  surface  penetrates  to  a  sur- 
face beneath.  2.  A  decoration  or  the  like  produced  by 
stenciling.  [<  OF.  estinceller,  sparkle,  <  L.  scintillo: 
8ee8«NTiLLANT.]— sten'cii-er,  re.    sten'cil-lerf. 

sten'o-graph, )  1    sten'o-graf;   2   stSn'o-graf,    n.      1.   A 

sten'o-grafp,  ]  character  or  writing  in  shorthand.  2.  A 
machine  resembling  a  typewriter,  for  making  phonetic 
characters. — ste-nog'ra-pher,  n.  One  who  writes 
stenography  or  phonography,  ste-nog'ra-phistt. — ste- 
nog'ra-phy,  re.  The  art  of  writing  by  the  use  of  contrac- 
tions or  arbitrary  symbols— sten"o-grapli'lc,  steno- 
graph'i-eal,  a.— sten"o-grapli'l-cal-ly,  adv.  [stint. 

stent,  1  stent;  2  stent,  v.  &  re.  [U.  S.  &  Prov.  Eng.]  Same  as 

Sten'tor,  1  Bten'tar  or  -tor;  2  sten'tor,  re.  In  the  Iliad,  a  her- 
ald famous  for  his  loud  voice;  hence  [s-1,  any  person  possess- 
ing an  uncommonly  strong  voice. — sten-to'rl-an,  n. 

Step,  1  step;  2  step,  v.  [stepped*  or  stept;  btep'ping .] 
I.  t.  1.  To  place,  set,  or  move,  as  the  foot,  in  taking 
steps.  2.  To  do  or  go  through  with  by  taking  steps; 
take  the  steps  of;  as,  to  step  through  a  dance;  also,  to 
measure  by  taking  steps:  with  off;  as,  In-  stepped  off 
twenty=two  yards.  3.  To  insert  the  lower  end  of  (a 
mast)  in  a  socket.  II.  i.  1.  To  take  a  step  or  steps; 
move  the  foot  or  feet,  as  in  walking,  running,  or  danc- 
ing; advance,  recede,  etc.  2.  To  walk  a  short  distance, 
3.  To  walk  gravely,  slowly,  or  with  dignity.  [<  AS. 
steppan,  step,  <  V  of  stand.]-  stepped,  a.-  stcp'pcr.re. — 
step'plng'stone",  n.    a  stone  affording  a  foot-rest,  as  for 

croasing  a  stream,  etc.:  hence,  that,  by  which  one  advances. 
Step,  n.  1.  A  motion  by  change  of  posit  ion  of  a  font .  espe- 
cially such  a  motion  forward.  2.  The  distance  passed 
over  in  making  such  a  motion.  3.  Hence,  any  lent  dis- 
tance. 4.  That  upon  which  the  foot  is  placed  in  ascend- 
ing or  descending,  as  a  stair-tread  or  ladder«rung;  in  t  lie 
plural,  a  stepladder.  5.  A  single  action  regarded  as 
leading  to  something.  6.  An  advance  or  promotion  that. 
forms  one  of  a  series.    7.  The  manner  of  stepping;  walk ; 


gait;  also,  the  sound  of  a  footfall.  8.  A  track;  footprint. 
9.  pi.  Progression  by  walking;  walk.  10.  Mus.  An 
interval  measuring  a  difference  of  pitch,  corresponding 
.  to  a  degree  of  the  scale.  11.  Mil.  Same  as  pace.  12. 
A  stepdike  projection  or  part,  as  of  a  key.  13.  A  socket, 
supporting  framework,  pocket,  or  the  like.  [  <  AS. 
stsepe,  <  steppan,  step.] — step'lad"der,  n.  A  set  of  portable 
steps  with,  usually,  a  hinged  frame  at  the  back,  which  may 
be  extended  as  a  support. 

step-,  1  step-:  2  step-.  A  prefix  denoting  relationship  through 
the  marriage  only  of  a  parent,  and  not  by  blood.  [<  AS. 
slcop,  orphaned.] — step'broth"er,  n. — step'elilid",  n. — 
step'daugh"ter,  re. — step'fa"ther,  re.  —  step'moth"er, 
re.— step'=par"ent,  re.— step'sis"ter,  n. — step'son,  re. 

Ste'phen,  1  sti'vsn:  2  ste'ven,  re.  1.  Bib.  The  first  Christian 
martyr.  Acts  vii.  58.  2.  Saint  (979-1038),  first  king  of 
Hungary:  established  Christianity  in  Hungary.  3.  King  of 
England  (1105-1154.. 

Ste'phens,  1  stl'venz;  2  ste'vens,  Alexander  Hamilton 
(1812-1883).  An  American  statesman;  Vice-President  of 
the  Confederate  States. 

Ste'phen-son,  1  sti'ven-san;  2  ste'ven-son,  George  (1781- 
1848).    An  English  engineer;  invented  the  locomotive. 

steppe,  1  step;  2  step,  re.  A  vast  plain  devoid  of  forest,  as 
in  Siberia.     [  <  Rus.  stepi ,  heath.] 

-Ster,  suffix.  A  termination  denoting  profession,  occupation, 
or  agency:  originally  the  feminine  form  of  -eb  as  still  in  the 
single  example  spinster;  often  with  a  shade  of  contempt 
or  depreciation:  as,  seamster,  punster,  rimester.  [<  AS. 
-estre,  tern,  suffix.)  [abbr.  Sterling. 

ster.,  stereo.,  abbr.     Stereotype,  stereotyper. — ster.,  stg., 

stere't,  v.    Same  as  steer. 

stere2f,  v.    Same  as  stir. 

stere,  1  stir;  2  ster,  n.  A  cubic  unit  of  metric  measure, 
equal  to  one  kilometer  (1,000  liters)  or  one  cubic  meter. 
See  metric  system.      [  <  F.  stere,  <  Gr.  stereos,  solid.] 

ste're-o-,  1  sti'n-o-;  2  ste're-o-.  From  Greek  stereos, 
solid,  firm,  hard:  a  combining  form. — ster'e-o-gram,  n. 
A  picture  or  diagram  giving  the  impression  of  a  solid  in  re- 
lief, [+  Gr.  gramma,  a  writing.]  ster'e-o-graphj. — ster"e- 
og'ra-phy,  re.  The  art  of  constructing  on  a  flat  surface  lines 
representing  solids:  perspective. — ster"e-o-graph'ic,  a. 
ster"e-o-graph'i-caif.  —  ster"e-o-graph'i-cal-ly,  adv. — 
ster"e-op'ti-con,  re.  A  double  magic  lantern:  used  to 
bring  one  image  after  another  on 
the  screen  by  the  alternate  use  of 
the  lanterns.  [+  Gr.  optikos,  of 
sight.]  —  ster'e-o-scope,  re.  1. 
Physics.  An  optical  instrument 
for  blending  into  one  image  two 
pictures  of  an  object 
from  slightly  different 
points  of  view,  so  as 
to  produce  upon  the 
eye  the  impression  of  / 
relief.  2.  Svrg.  A  ca- 
theter=like  instrument 
used  for  detecting  for- 
eign substances  in  the 

body.  [<  stereo-  +  1-  Common  Form  of 
-scope.]  —  ster"e-o-  Stereoscope.  2.  The 
scop'le,  -1-cal,  a.  Principle  of  the 
-al-ly,  adv.— ster'e-o-     Stereoscope. 

type.     I.  Vt.     [-TYPED';      The  ayea,  l....kinK  along  I.  I  and  It  , 
-typ"inc]    1.  To  make  iv,  combine  the  Image!  •  f  the  polnti  i  and 
a  stereotype  of.     2.  To  )vi"'r",»  ""' ''""]  (»'i""'""'i  !'.*  <>';;  '>'"'"' »»••>• 
lurnist.    stereotype  ,,.  B„  „,„,  „„.„  „.,„  ,,e  ,,,,,,,.  ,,„„,,,.„.  tn,  c„,\ 
plates   for.      II.  re.     A  B|„,ts  „ir  the  two  lottor. 
cast  or  plate  taken   In 

stereotype-metal  from  a  matrix,  as  of  paper,  reproducing 
the  surface  from  which  the  matrix  was  made  slcr'e-o- 
type=met"al,  re.  An  alloy  of  type-metal,  but  containing 
more  lead.  —  stcr'oo-o-lyp'Vr,  n.  ster'e-o-tj  p"ls(  j . 
Sterffe-0-typ'IC,  </.  sler"e-o-typ'l-calf.  sler'e-o-typ"- 
y,  /;      s(er'e-o-t>p"er-)  |. 

ster 'lie, )  1  ster'il;  2  ster'U,  o.     Having  no  reproductive 

ster 'IIs,  f  power;  barren.    [<  L.  sterilis,  barren.]     ster'- 

LKe-lyB,  adv.    ste-rll'l-ty,  ra.     ster'll(e-ne8s»t.    Bter'll- 

l/.e,  a.    i-i/.i'.]);  -iz'ing.]    l.  To  deprive  of  productive  power, 

2.  To  destroy  bacteria  In;   free  from  genus,     ster'll-lset.— 

9ter"U-l-za'[or  -sa'ltlon,  n.    Bter'lI-l«"tor  -ls"]er,  n 

sterling,  1  stur'hrj;2  stSr'ling,  ».    I.  Having  a    tandard 

of  value  ,,?■  fineness  established  by  the  British  govern- 
ment.   '!■  Having  accepted  worth;  genuine.    |<  Easter- 
lings,  German  traders  in  England.]    Byn.:  see  good, 
stern,  1  sturn;  2  stern,  o.    1.  Proceeding  from  or  marked 

by  severity  or  harshness,     2.  Having  an  austere  ,i 

tion;  strict;  severe,    8.  Inspiring  fear  j  repelling,    [■    AS, 
sii/rin.  stern.]    Syn.:  see  austere;  qkim;  bard;  beveri 
sternly,  adv.    Btern'nesB,  » 
stern,  n.     The  aft  part  of  a  ship,   boat,  etc      |<    Ice 
stjOrn,    steering,    <     V    of  BTEBU,    i  ]     item '"board",   'l 


l-HJHTtiv 


'■    "  "  .  I  ,         ,,  ,,       ,,     flr;   toll,  rill*;   but.  born; 

•       •  '      |  •  i  iii  i  0  ■>.')'.  01.  won. 


7(i0 


I 


■ 


-I.  r    nun 


Binaural  Stethoscope, 
as  used. 


sttr'nal, 

11-t.i   lion. 

-i.r-iiu   i  .-il»   .    .  -I.  r-nu  I  j-t.^-r) . 

.1.  n     .  -•.  I ..     . 

-i.  r  i . >r-. • 1 1 - . 

i  l>\  a  snoring  sound;  as, 

stcr-to'rl- 

■  •II-        itcf  i"r.         \  snoring     star'tor- 

.  •  (i  —  I  >  .  slef   I .  ir- . .  ii  ~-  ii. — . .         -ii-r-l.i  rl-ous-MfN-:. 

I  '  •  I  .  I  '  I  I  N  '  .   )       1  ll 

iginaUy 
■    •  .ii.l  ] 

-I.t  ll   .-.  -  r,:ist  ;  :i 

stcth'o- scope,  •.      An  apparatus  for 
lobular 

.    I 

i  ,  o-arop  - 

-p).   n 

Steftln, 

S«eu  i"  ii.  .  shtol'ben:2Btu'ben<w  (G    shtoT- 

r  r.  .1, -rli  k   H      \  .   Baron      ;7  K)    17'M         A    1 

Levolutlonary  war. 
■dore,    .         n-dfir;  2  sWve-dflr,  n.     <  >n.    whose 
udoading  the  hold  of  vessels.    [< 

n    n.     1.   [I'rov. 

:  ror  performing  an  -  .  Speech; 

in;  abolitionist. 

1  haddeus    1792   1868  .    An 

r».     1.  Adlai  twlng 

•  13-1897).     •■!. 

Robert  I  ..in-  treasure 

Island 

I-  I. To  boilslowlyand  gen- 

bring  Into  a  certain  condi- 
II-        LSI  i    pecially  aprepa- 

by  stewing.    2.    [Colloq  j 
t  .  mi  heated  for  bath- 

-  -      4   .  A  brothel:  commonly  in  the 
piur..  OHG.  tfuM.  hothouse.]    E 

-i.  «   pin",  n.     A  cooking- vessel  used  tor 
mt»  I  l.  \  p.  rson  entrusti  '1 

affairs  not  bis  own. 
put  ni  charge  of  the  domestic  affairs  of  an 
ipboard,  a  petty  officer  in 
■  d  i 
.  +  weard,  m 

-t.»   ard-sblp,  n. 
"'•>"•  M.iritnii-  Tlieunls  (1867  ).     A 

-III.  -Ill    .1.  •-•',.  'lil-;!.  n. 

sthenic,  a.    i.  Exhibiting  ao- 
.11    i.  Having  powi 
I  terlzed  by  sthi 

itlb'Mer,  I. 

IBLB.] 
-Ilbl-urn.    i        \;  -f I tt'l-al.  a. 

-tlrh,  .  I  ■ 

it  Ion:   as,    bl  I 
•     |  <  Gr.  sllchos.  row] 
•ttck1,  i-..,  J   I.  t.  To  cause 

hing).    2.  To  fix  in 
plar'  lilow  fitted  for 

I.  To  thrust  in  my  direction:  with  various 
.-;  as.  to  stick  in  a  word  in  an  argumi  I 

To  kill  or  wound  bj;  or  u  by  pit  n  ">.  To  fix 

in  position  by  piercing.    6.  To  cover  or  fill  with 
thing  thaf  as,  a  paper  etuct:  with  pins.     7. 

To  run  or  make  fa  molding;  with  a  plane  or  a  machine. 


II.  i  I. To  I--  held  or  support)  .1  bi  being  thrust  In  ":. 
I  n  protrude    with  out,  I  \ 

-i i.  u  ,i  . 
-ink.  stick  is..  |    I.  I      I.  To  attach,  ■■> 

by  some  ndl 
.    i .  rpli  \.    pusiifl      8.  [Slang  1    I  o 

ll.        i.   i ...  |i 
'.'.i  ii taehed;  « iiii  '■•     ■'!.   i  • 

ippcd,  perplexed,  or  disconcerted     A.  Tohavi  mi 
giving-.  ..r  objections;  hesitate:  with  'if,  a 
nothing     |<  AH  ■■  ■  leave  |     stick  Vr  . 

stick   %  .  -,,:.,  w  a  lur 

stick  1-ly,  mi: 
stickiness,   •      sUck'lng«plas"ter,  n    \t.,i    \n  adhe- 
sive plaster  composed  <>f  pulverised  resin  and  llthargi 
sometimes,  ooureplasuw     stick 'seed",  a.     Aooarseweed 
n  hose  prlokl)  seeds  stick  In  clothing,  i 
stick,"      -u.  k    sncx'iNG      i.   Po  nipply  with  brush  to 
climb  upon  |  i  ;  i .  i  \  p.- 

silik.         I.  ^  piece  of  wood  tha  omparedwith 

its  crona»section  2.  Anything  resembling  such  a  piece; 
arod,  wand,  oroane  8.  Prt'nl  I  metal  frame  in  which 
type  is  composed  4.  [Colloq.]  A  stiff,  inert,  oi  itupid 
n  S.  [Slang.]  Any aJooholio ingredient  inan  other- 
wise iiiui-iiiriiiiiiiir  drink.     I-  tlok.l 

bat,  baton,  birch,  bludgeon,  cane,  orub,  cudgel, 
ferule,  j"ist,  partisan,  pole,  rod,  rule,  ruler,  ■tiinni*h,  hihit, 
switch,  Umber,  truncheon,  wand, 
stick3,  a.    A  penetrative  thrust; 
-tick  .  -i.     1.  The  state  of  being  stuck  together.     2.  The 

ad  oi  coming  to  a  stop;  del  n;  scruple 

stick  It,  l  stlk'it;  2  sttk'lt,  pa.  [Scot.]  Stuck;  spollea. 
stick  If1',  lstikl;  2stXk/l,  m.   [BTicx/L(s)i>d;8Tici 

To  aontend  about  triflii  insist  or  hesitate  for 

ins.     [Ult.   <    \-     '  htan,  govern.]     stick '- 

I.t.  •      I.,  me  n  no  contends  over  trifles     'it.  a  referee. 

stick '1  e8,  n     a  prickle;  spine:  obsolete  except  Inoompounds. 

I  i     stickle-back",  n,    A  small  fresh* 

and  salt-water  Osh  of  ii.irili.Tii  regions  having  Bharp  dorsal 

spines  and  building  nests  for  the  reception  ol  its  egt-H. 
stiff,  |  1  stif ;  2  stlf ,  a.  1.  Resisting  the  action  of  a  bending 
stlf,  I  force;  not  flaccid,  [imp,  or  flexible;  rigid.  2.  Not 
easily  moved;  acting  wit!,  difficulty  or  friction  8.  Not 
natural,  graceful,  or  easy;  constrained  and  awkward; 
affected;  formal.  4.  Not  sufficiently  fluid:  viscous.  5. 
Tightly  drawn:  taut.  6.  Having  a  strong,  steady  move- 
ment; as,  a  stiff  breese.  7.  Firm  in  resistance;  obsti- 
nate. H.  Difficult  to  achieve,  understand,  accept;  hard; 
severe.  9.  Com.  (1)  Firm  in  prices;  Btrong  ana  steady; 
as,  a  stiff  market.  (2)  [Slang.]  High;  dear;  as,  a  >i>ir 
price.  10.  Saut.  Heeling  over  but  httie.wlule  carrying 
much  Bail;  not  crank.  11.  [I'rov.  Eng.j  Having  phys- 
ical or  mental  strength;  lusty.  [<  AS.  stif.  stiff. |  Syn.: 
Bee  iMi.i.xinu.;  sj  \  tin:  -stiffen,  rf.  &  rf.  To  make  or 
become  stiff  or  stiller.  stiff'. hcart"cd,  n.  Stubborn  or 
perverse  in  character. — stiffly,  gjv. — s, .necked,  «  Not 
yielding  to  Influence;  stubborn;  Incorrigible.-  stitf'iiess,  i», 

sti'fle,  1  stui'fl;  L'  sti'fl.  r.  [sti'h.ih;  BTr/FLTNG.]  I.t.  1. 
To  kill  by  stopping  r.-spiration;  suffocate;  smother.  2. 
To  stop  the  action  of ;  extinguish,  as  a  flame.  8.  To  keep 
from  public  knowledge;  conceal;  suppress.    II.  »'.    To 

die  from  suffocation.    [  <  Ice.  ttifla,  choke.) 
sti'fle,  ;i.     1.  The  stifle" joint.     2.  Any  abnormal  condition 
of   the   stifle-joint    or  stifli-bonc.      [<   STIFF.] — sti'll»'  = 

bone",  n.  The  patella  or  kneepan  of  a  bone,  altuated  at 
the  siiili-joint.  s. .joint,  n.  The  Joint  In  the  hind  leg  of  a 
horse,  corresponding  to  the  knot;  in  man.  See  uius.  at  house. 

stig'llia,  1  -ng 'in..;  2  stlg'ma,  ;/.  [Bno'MAB*  or  BTIo'ltA- 
i  a.  /;/ j     1.  A  mark  of  infamy,  or  token  of  disgrace;  a 

Mot  on  one's  good  name;  formerly,  a  brand  mad.-  with  a 
branding/iron  on  slaves  or  criminals.  2.  That  part  of  a 
pistil  which  receivee  t In-  pollen,     '.i.  Aunt    .v.  Zool    A 

mark  or  spot;  pore.  4.  Pathol.  A  small  s(:ir;  ;i  birth- 
mark; a  -mall  r.'d  or  bleeding  spot      5,  R,  C .  Ch    Marks 

said  to  have  been  miraculously  produced  on  the  bodies 
of  certain  persons,  corresponding  to  the  wound-  that 

Christ    received.      [1...     <    fir.    BtU/ma,    <    Stizd,    prick  I 

8ni_*  see  BLEioBB  sttg-mat'le.  I.  a.  Of,  pertaining  to, 
or  marked  with  a  stigma  or  stigmas;  infamous;  ignominious 
or  vleloiLs;  hence,  deformed.  II.  n.  One  marked  with  or 
hearing  a  stigma  or  stigmas,  stig'ma-tlst,  n.  One  bear- 
ing miraculous  stigmas.  — stlg'ma-tlze,  vt.  [-tized;  -tiz"- 
rjfO.]  1.  To  brand  as  Ignominious.  Z.  H.  C.  Ch.  To  mark 
with  sttgl  t.  [Recent. I  To  mark  with  stigmas  or  bleed- 

Ing  spots,  as  by  hypnotism,  stlg'ma-tlsej.— stlg"ma- 
tl-za'ior  sa'  Hum,  n. 
stile,  1  stoil;  2  Stfl,  n.  1.  A  step,  or  series  of  steps,  on  each 
•  :  a  fence  or  wall,  to  aid  in  surmounting  it;  loosely, 
a  turnstile.  2.  One  of  the  vertical  side«pieces  in  a  door 
or  sash.    [  <  AS.  ttigel,  <  stigan,  climb.] 


1:  a  =  final:    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  owt;    eil;    10  =  feud:    <!hin;    go;    rj  =  sinff;    Chin,   this,      sternage 
*61       2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   lull,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   6il,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  stock 


sti-let'to,  1  sti-let'o;  2  sti-let'o,  n.  1.  A  small  dagger  with 
slender  blade.  2.  A  small,  sharp=pointed  instrument,  as 
of  bone,  for  puncturing  eyelet-holes.  [It.,  dim.  of  stilo, 
<  L.  stilus,  pointed  instrument.]    sti-let't;  sti-Iette't. 

fstii'i-cho,  1  stil'i-ko;  2  stIJ'i-eo,  Flavius  (359-40S).  A 
Roman  general;  son  of  a  Vandal  captain 

stills  1  stil;  2  stil,  vt.  To  cause  to  be  still;  put  to  rest  or 
silence;  hush;  quiet.  [<  AS.  stillan,  <  stille,  still.] 
Syn.:  see  allay;  repress;  tranquilize.  [  <  distil. 1 

stlllt2-  vt.  &  vi.    1.  To  distil.    2.  To  fall,  or  let  fall,  in  drops. 

still,  a.  1.  Being  without  movement;  being  at  rest;  quiet. 
2.  Free  from  disturbance  or  agitation;  peaceful.  3. 
Making  no  sound;  silent;  hushed;  hence,  subdued;  soft. 
4.  Having  no  effervescence:  opposed  to  sparkling:  said 
of  wines.  5.  Dead;  inanimate.  [<  AS.  stille,  still.] 
Syn.:  see  calm;  pacific;  sedate. — stiiI'*bom'%  a.  Lifeless 
at  birth.— still'ness,  n.— still'y.  I.  a.  [Poet.]  Still; 
silent.    II.  adv.    Calmly;  quietly. 

stillS  »■  1-  An  apparatus  in  which  a  substance  is  vapor- 
ized by  heat,  and  the  vapor  then  liquefied  in  a  con- 
denser and  collected:  used  especially  for  distilling 
liquors.    2.  A  distillery.    stiH'=hoUse"t.    [<  still2,  v.] 

stillS  "•    Absence  of  sound  or  noise;  stillness;  calm. 

still,  adv.  1.  Now  or  then;  as  previously;  till  then  or 
now;  yet.  2.  After  or  in  spite  of  something.  3.  In 
increasing  degree;  even  yet.  [<  AS.  stille,  <  stille,  a., 
still.]    Syn.:  see  but;  notwithstanding;  yet. 

stilt,  1  stilt;  2  stilt,  n.  1.  One  of  a  pair  of  slender  poles, 
each  having  a  projection  to  support  the  foot  above  the 
ground  in  walking.  2.  One  of  various  other  supports.  3. 
[Scot.]  A  plow=handle.  4.  A  shore=bird  having  exces- 
sively long  legs.  [<  Sw.  slylta,  prop.] — stilt'ed,a.  Artifi- 
cially elevated  in  manner;  bombastic;  inflated,     -ness,  re. 

ntim'u-lant,  1  stim'yu-lent;  2  stim'yu-lant.  I.  a.  Serv- 
ing to  stimulate.  II.  n.  Anything  that  stimulates,  as 
an  excitant  or  intoxicant;  in  the  plural,  intoxicants. 
[<  L.  stimulo  (ppr.  slimulan(t-)s,  prick,  <  stimulus,  goad.] 
— stim'u-Iate,  it.  &  vi.  [-lat'ed'1;  -lat"ing.]  1.  To  rouse 
to  activity;  quicken  action  in;  excite;  animate;  serve  as  a 
stimulus.  2.  To  affect  by  intoxicants;  take  stimulants. 
Syn.:  Bee  encourage;  pique;  spur;  stir.— stlm"u-la'- 
tlon,  ».— stlm'u-la-tiv(e8,  a.  &  re.— stim'u-la"tor,  n. — 
stlrn'u-lus,  re.  [-li,  pi.]  1.  Anything  that  rouses  the  mind 
or  spirits;  an  incentive.  2.  Physiol.  That  wbich  excites  ac- 
tion in  a  nerve  or  muscle  or  in  vegetable  tissue.  3.  Med.  A 
stimulant.    4.  Bot.  A  sting.    [L.] 

sting,  1  stin ;  2  sting,  vt.  &  vi.  [stung;  sting'ing.]  1.  To 
pierce  with  a  sting;  use  a  sting.  2.  To  cause  a  sensation, 
as  from  a  sting.  3.  Figuratively,  to  cause  to  suffer 
keenly.  4.  To  stimulate  or  impel  as  by  a  sting.  5. 
To  give  sharp  burning  pain;  be  painful.  [<  AS.  sting- 
an,  sting.]    Syn.:  see  incense;  pique;  spur. — sting'er,  n. 

HtingS  n.  1.  The  act  of  stinging;  the  wound  made  by  a 
sting,  or  the  pain  caused  by  it.  2.  Zool.  A  sharp  offen- 
sive or  defensive  organ  capable  of  inflicting  a  painful 
and  especially  a  poisonous  wound.  3.  Bot.  A  sharp,  stiff, 
hollow  hair  seated  on  a  gland  that  secretes  an  acrid 
fluid,  as  in  the  nettles.  4.  A  keen  stimulus;  spur;  goad. — 
stlng'sray",  re.  A  ray  having  near  the  base  of  the  whip-like 
tail  a  sharp  spine  capable  of  inflicting  a  dangerous  wound. 

sting2,  re.  [Prov.  Brit.]  1.  An  implement  used  in  thatching. 
2.  A  mast.    3t-  A  spear;  pike.    4f.  A  pole. 

sliiiK'-aml  linn",  1  stin'»and=lin";  2  8ting'*and=llng",  adv. 
[Scot.]   As  a  whole;  completely;  hence,  forcibly. 

stin'gyS  1  stin'ji;  2  stln'gy,  a.   [stin'gi-er;  stin'gi-est.] 

1.  Extremely  penurious  or  selfish.  2.  Scanty,  as  from 
penurious  giving.  [<  sting,  v.]  Syn.:  see  avaricious. — 
stln'gi-ly,  adv. — stin'gl-ness,  re. 

stlng'y2,  1  stln'i;  2  sting'y.  a.  [Colloq.]  Stinging;  piercing. 

stink,  1  stink;  2  stink.  I.  vi.  [stank  or  stink;  stink'- 
ENG.]  To  give  forth  a  foul  odor.  II.  n.  A  strong,  foul 
odor;  stench.    [<  AS.  stincan,  smell.]    Syn.:  set-  SMELL. 

Stint,  1  stint;  2  stint.  I<S  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  restrain  within 
fixed  limits;  provide  for  or  serve  scantily.  2.  To  allot 
a  specific  task  to.  3.  To  be  sparing  or  scanty.  4||.  To 
stop;  cease.  II.  n.  1.  A  fixed  amount,  as  of  work;  a 
task  to  be  performed  within  a  specified  time;  allowance. 

2.  A  bound;  restriction.  3.  A  small  sandpiper.  [<  AS. 
slynlan,  blunt.)    Syn.:  see  task;  TOIL. — stlnt'er,  re. 

stipe,  1  staip;  2  stip,  n.  A  stalk  or  Btalk«like  support; 
petiole;  stern.     See  illus.  below.     [F  ,  <  L.  stipes,  branch.] 

sti'pend,  1  stni'pend;  2  sti'pend,  n.  An  allowance  or 
salary,  especially  a  salary  that  affords  a  ban'  livelihood; 
in  Scotland,  specifically,  a  clergyman's  salary.  [  <  L. 
stipendium,  tax.]  Syn.:  see  salary,  stl-pen'dl-a-ry.  I. 
a.  Receiving  a  stipend.  II.  n.  [-RIESZ,  pi.]  One  who  re- 
ceives a  stipend ,  ;is  a  clergyman. 

gtl'pes,  1  stal'plz;  2  stl'pfg,  n,  a  stipe.  Specifically,  In  ento- 
mology: (1)  The  second  maxillary  Joint  Of  an  Inflect.  (2)  The 
stalk  of  one  of  the  aborted  wings  of  u  dlpterouH  Insect.  [L.1 
25 


stip'ple,  1  stip'l;  2  stip'l.  I.  vt.  To  draw,  paint,  or  en- 
grave in  stipple.  II.  n.  In  painting,  etching,  etc.,  a 
method  of  employing  dots  instead  of 
lines,  or  the  effect  thus  produced. 
stip'pliiigj.— stip'pler,  n. 

stip'u-lateS  1  stip'yu-let;  2  stip'yu- 
lat,  V.  [-LAT"EDd;  -lat"ing.]  I.  t. 
1.  To  specify  as  the  terms  of  an 
agreement.  2.  To  mention  specifi- 
cally; particularize.  II.  t".  To  make 
stipulations.  [<  L.  stipulor  (pp. 
stipulatus),  bargain  for.] — stip"u-la'- 
tion1,  re.  1.  The  act  of  stipulating,  or 
the  condition  of  being  stipulated.  2. 
An  agreement  or  contract.  Syn.:  see 
contract. — stip'u-la"tor,  n. 

stip'ule,  1  stip'yul;  2  stip'yul,  n.     1. 
One  of  a  pair  of    leafdike  append- 
ages at  the  base  of  the  petiole  of 
certain  leaves.     2.  Ornith.    A  newly      stipes  (s)  of  a 
sprouted    feather.       [  <    L.  stipula,    Maidenhair  Fern. 
stalk.] — stip'u-late2(S  vt.    To  furnish 

with  stipules. — stip'u-late,  a.  Having  stipules. — stip"- 
u-la'tion-,  n.  Bot.  The  arrangement,  situation,  or  struc- 
ture of  stipules. 

stir,  1  stur;  2  stir,  v.  [stirred;  stir'ring.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
alter  the  relative  position  of  the  particles  or  components 
of,  as  by  imparting  to  them  circular  motion  with  a  spoon 
or  the  like.  2.  To  cause  to  move;  disturb.  3.  To  move 
quickly;  bestir;  rouse.  II.  i.  1.  To  be  active  or  in  mo- 
tion. 2.  To  change  position;  move.  3||.  To  be  in  a  state 
of  agitation  or  excitement.     [  <  AS.  styrian,  stir. 

Syn.:  agitate,  animate,  arouse,  awake,  awaken,  excite,  in- 
cite, instigate,  move,  prompt,  provoke,  rouse,  stimulate, 
wake.  See  actuate;  encourage;  influence;  pique:  spur. 
— Ant.:  see  synonyms  for  allay;  alleviate. — silr'rer,  n. 
— stir'ring,  pa.     Stimulating;  inspiring.     Syn.:  see  vivid. 

stir,  n.  1.  The  act  of  stirring,  or  the  state  of  being  stirred; 
activity.     2.  Public  interest;  excitement;  commotion. 

Stir'ling,  1  stur'lin;  2  stir'ling,  re.  A  royal  burgh  In  central 
Scotland;  often  taken  in  ancient  wars;  pop.  21,200. 

stir'rup,  1  stir'up  or  stur'up;  2  stlr'iip  or  stir'fip,  n.  1. 
A  loop,  as  an  inverted  U=shaped  piece  of  metal  or  wood 
with  flat  foot=piece,  suspended  from  a  saddle,  for  aid  in 
mounting  and  to  support  the  rider's  foot.  2.  A  loop  or 
metal  strap,  as  for  supporting  a  beam.  [  <  AS.  stir  dp, 
<  sagan,  mount,  +  rap,  rope. ]  — stir'rup=bone",  re.  Anat. 
The  innermost  bone  of  the  middle  ear, shaped  likea  stirrup. 
— s.scup,  n.  A  parting'cup  of  liquor,  as  that  taken  by  a 
mounted  horseman. 

stitch, )  1  sticb;  2  stlch.    I«.  vt.  &  vi.    To  join  together  or 

Stichp,  )  ornament  with  stitches;  sew.  II.  n.  1.  A  single 
passage  of  a  threaded  needle  or  other  implement,  as  in 
sewing  or  embroidery;  also,  the  thread  or  yarn  thus 
placed.  2.  A  single  turn  of  thread  or  yarn  around  a 
needle  or  other  implement,  as  in  knitting  or  crocheting; 
also,  the  result  of  such  turn.  3.  A  sharp  sudden  pain, 
as  in  the  side.  4.  Agric.  A  ridge  or  furrow.  5.  A  stretch 
or  distance,  as  in  a  journey.  [<  AS.  stice,  pricking.]  — 
stitch'er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  stitches;  especially,  a 
machine  for  that  purpose,  as  in  bookbinding. 

stith'y,  1  stith'i;  2  stith'y,  n.  [stith'ies7-,  pi.]  1.  A 
smithy.     2.  An  anvil.    [<  Ice.  stethi.] 

stive,  1 'stalv.  2  stiv,  vt.  [Prov.  or  Obs.]  To  stow  closely; 
cram;  stifle.    [  <  OF.  cstiver.  <  L.  stipo.  crowd.] 

sti'ver,  1  stoi'ver;  2  stl'ver,  n.  1.  A  small  Dutch  coin, 
worth  2  cents.  2.  Anything  of  little;  value.  [<  D.stuiver.] 

sto';i,  1  sto'a;  2  sto'a,  n.  dr.  Arch.  A  covered  colonnade. 
portico,  or  cloister.     [Gr.,  porch;  cp.  stoic] 

Stoat,  1  stot;  2  stof,  n.  The  ermine,  especially  in  its  sum- 
mer coat,  reddish«brown  above,  yellow  below.  See  r.n- 
mine.     [  <  Ice.  siatr.  a  bull. I 

Btoc-cade't,  ft.    1.  a  fencing  movement  taught  In  the  1 6th  and 

17th  centuries.    2.  A  stockade.     StOC-Ca'dOt;  stoc-ea'tat- 

storks  1  stok;  2  st6k,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  furnish  with  Btock, 
2.  To  supply  with  seed.  3.  To  supply  with  a  handle. 
4.  To  put  in  the  stocks.  5.  To  lay  bj  for  the  future. 
II.  i.    1.  To  lay  in  or  provide  supplies     '.■  Tosprout. 

stock,  a.    Continually  kept  ready;  standing. 

stock,  71.  1.  The  trunk  or  main  sleni  of  B  tree  or  other 
plant;  also,  a  stem  that  supports  a  graft.     2.   I  in<    ol 

descent;  lineage;  family.    3.  Lav     \  source  or  lii I 

descent  of  :m  inheritance.  4.  The  various  doi 
animals  raised  or  used,  as  on  a  farm  or  ranch,  specif- 
ically called  live  stock.  .r».  Finawn  (1  I  Government 
indebtedness  represented  bj  certificates  issued  to  oredi 
tors,  oi  uii  nessed  by  entries  inofficial  records,  (2)  1  he 
capital  represented  by  shares  of  a  corporate  company 
held  by  individuals;  in  the  plural,  shares  of  such  capital. 


- 1  r.ilils  mils    - 


i  i  «       -i  - 1  I  i  ••  nA;    not,  Ar;   full,  rOle;    I.IK,  l.ftrn; 

'        »  ■       i  .       .  gy.  l«ru;  hit.  I  i  i  ,  ...  ni'ii.  in.  wAu.    7fi-; 


II 

I  I 

k      l.r..k".-r.      •. 

-I...  k 

•  •!  .  otnpan)  i  hat 

I  plucon.  smaller 

■    ii-ii.  iddock.or 

■  .. 

r  o»  n.r- 
I  l»h  .        I 

r    -insulator   In 

-.  jobbing;,    si. .rk  in  in. 
■  inch     '.'.  i  im 

I      Still  as  a  Stock  or  imst.  mo- 
le |  ; i r .  1  *  lid  pel 

i  og,  slaughter  ■ 
I. 
i  fortify  with  ■  stockade. 

it-  ipi inlit  in 

i  In-  area  thua 
.'■ 

stockade.] 
»i.Tkh..iin,   |   -•■■-  aOlm    8  stokTVHm,  n      \  semi 

pop    108  800 
lUM  k   i-n.  t   .    . 


\  i«k.n 


•li'i  k-.lill 


lobbery, 

-      Mill. 


■  •r 


•      BTOt  KINO,  n  ] 

stock  Ins,] 

uad  lower  li  a      stock '- 

Idih  r.        i.  ■•.  \  hosier. 

"  I.  Francis     Frank 

Kii  n  u  i  ••.  Uenard 

_'iiit  ol  the  Declara- 
In  .  Btoekt-ness,  - 

»t«  k'y,  ]  Short  andatout      Btock'i- 

stodg'y,  .  [Colloq  J    1.  Dial 

'-'•   ~  I         STOCTl  —  BTOCKT.J 

I  "lit  coarse  boot 

sto'gtet. 

Stole,  I-  mber  of  a  school  of 

sternly  repn  ti  m  and 

:iinl  all  persona]  ei 

ire  nr  pain;  also,  a 
•ic      [lit.  <  Or  6  the  Painted 

Porch."  at  At  founder  of  I 

school       Stol-cal,  i     l.  Of  or  pertaining  to 

im.     2.  [s-]  Inilinercnt  to  pleasure  or  pain:  Impassive: 

uDcompi&in  stol  cal  ly,  Stol-etsm,  i. 

-.    -I  Indifference  to  pleasure 

or  pal [i     st<i'|.cal-ne>s;.    Synj  see  apathy. 

Itofc*  .  k.  r(.  &  ri.  .k'ing.]    To 

Bfl  B  stoker.  [  <  D 
ttoken.  stir  a  Ore.  <  slot,  Btlck.)— stok'rr,  a.— stoke', 
ba*  ice  about  the  mouth  of  a  furn.. 

-lukcMii.lil": . 
itolea,  imp.  A  pp.  Of  STEAL,  '. 

L  now  band  fringed  at 

.  toe  clergy  of  various  churches  while 

ii   vestment. 

man  matron  |      stolid. 

stolid,  . 

•iUJuj.  dull  !     Sill:  -s-  iiht  ti-h:  m.ivv.-  sto-lld  'l-l>.  n 
-  tol  'I.J-ri. —  ; .      -tol'lil-l 
Stolon,]  n.   1.   Bol.  A  trailing  branch  that 

;.  /.vol.  a 
I  of  various  animals-, as  corals    Sto'- 

lo 
■'"  •"  '•      -'  '  [stt/ua-ta,  pi]    A  minute 

-.  ■  •  mcallyan  a;  walls  of  blood- 

Teasels  or  In  serous  i  .  rrals  of  leaves, 

i,  mouth] 
-""'' ' "  !>•     .  I  l.  To  accept, 

-trim  'ai    ,  \  ■.-    '<  ■  h.    without 

p  it  up  with.    2t.  'I 
II.  1. 

:     • 

belly:  a  common  but  incorrect  use. 
—rire  of  food;  appetite;  hence,  any  desire;  inclina- 


5t.  <  'on  i. 

Ol      '     lomachot, 


lion      t 
Spirit       I 

oul  b       stom   ..  ii- 
•  i .  hut  ornami 

-lu-marli  'lr.   I .        I 

to  the  M., ii, 

si.. iii  '.nil  -aJtl    si..  -  in  i.  ',  i 
i  ii   .       II.  \n\     modlclno 

rthenlng  or  stimulating  the 

nil 

-lone.     1       •  •  D        I.    M 

I  I.  >N    IS ..    |  I.         I      ■ 

Imrl  stones  at ;  pell  or  kill  by 

pelting    with   stoi  ■         '.*.    To  Raman     Btomach    with 
i  or  pits  from       the    tdjaccnl    Viscera, 
■'i-  ro  furnish,  as  :i  well,  with     viewed  from  the  front, 
stone       II.   'i       I.    M  nil     •  >i     i   • 
st.ii,.  .\      ?.  Mode  !' '"' 

II  .1  I     ru 

ol    coarse    bard   earthenware;  a  .,,,,.,,,^1   .„,,„,,     „ ' ,„„. 
■   bottli       S,  Chann  .    i  ii  p.,,. 

terisod  by  the  use  of  stone  im-  "**'    i*. '*««■.   > 
plements;  as,  thi  ill.        1.  \  imall  | 

rook,  :ls  a  cobble  or  pebble  '!.  Rock,  or  a  piece  "i  rock 
hewn  or  shaped.  3.  A  precious  stone;  gem  4.  \m- 
tiling  resembling  a  stone  in  shape  '>r  hardness;  as.  h  hail- 

~>.  \  "tuny  concretion  in  the  bladder,  or  a  disease 
characterised  by  such  concretions.  6.  The  bony  oover- 
inir  of  the  kertn-l  in  a  lrmt  7.  |Hrit  ]  A  measure  of 
weight,  avoirdupois,  usually  ii  pounds     [<  AS 

s i  one  '<hi I nd",  n    Blind  asa  stone;  totally  blind 
s..r«i»,  n      \  crossbow  for  shooting  stone-     -.  cast,  i 

Sane-  as  BTONX'S  I  ISJT       stone  elial ".  n       A  srn::ll  tlirusli' 

like  i:uro|H-aii  bird  uitii  upper  parts  black  and  breast  iiark- 

r.s|i!N!i       stone '.coal",    n.       Hani    or    anthracite    Boal 

s.  color,  n.  Bluish  tray.  s. .colored,  -  stone 'crop*,  n. 
a  low  spreading  moss. like  herb  with  small  fleshy  leaves  and 

yellow  Mowers— s. .cutter,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  cuts 
stone:  specif.,  a  machine  for  facing  Stone.  s..cutlliiir.  n 
s.  •dead:  a.  Quite  dead  s.xteaf,  a.  Completely  deaf. 
— s.'dumh,  a.  Completely  dumb.  s. .fruit,  n.  A  fruit 
having  a  atone:  a  drupe  s.«horse,n.  [Prov.  Eng.]  \  tal 
Hon.    s.  ma -on.  •      who  ■   occupation  or  trade  Is  to 

prepare  and  lay  stones  In  building.-  stone's  CMt,  the  ins- 
tance a  some  may  he  east  by  hand,  stone's  throw  :.  s.. 
still,  a  Perfectly  motionless,  b  tone 'ware*,  n.  A  vari- 
ety of  pottery,      stone 'work",  n.     Work  made  of  stone. 

ston'y, ';.  [ston'i-be;  stos'i-f.st.I  1.  Abounding  In  stone. 
'i.  Made  or  consisting  of  stone,  -i.  Bard  as  stone;  hence,  un- 
feeling,    ston'l-lj,  mlr.     ston'l-ne-s,  n. 

Stone'benge,  1  stflnTienl;  2  stOnlieng,  n.  a  ruined  structure 
of  tilant  stones  on  Salisbury  Plain,  8.W.  England;  of  k'reat 
antiquity;  perhaps  nine  a  temple  of  the 'sun. 

Mon  ')  Point.  A  village  In  B.  1  New  York;  Its  fort  was  cap- 
tured by  General  Wayne,  July  IS,  1 77!* 

stood,  1  stud;  :.'  stood,  imp.  &  pp.  of  st\m>.  r. 

stook,  ]  BtOk;  2  BtOOk.  I',  rt.  [Prov]  To  set  up  In  stooks  or 
shocks.  II.  n.  [I'rov.]  a  collection  of  sheaves  set  up  close 
together  In  the  field.    [<  LG    lute,  bundle.]    stook'er,  n. 

stool.  1  stfil:  2  stfjol.  r.  [Prov]  1. 1.  1.  [U.S.]  To  decoy  with 
a  stool  or  stools:  as.  to  stool  pigeons,  'i-  To  plow  or  cultivate. 
.'{.  To  set  up  (turfs  or  sods)  against  one  another  In  pairs  for 
drying.  II.  i.  1.  To  send  up  shoots  or  suckers.  2.  [U.  8.) 
To  decoy  wild  fowl  with  a  stool  or  stools.  3.  [U.  8.)  To 
allow  oneself  or  Itself  to  he  decoyed.    4.  To  void  feces. 

stool.  ;,.  l.  A  backless  -eat  intended  for  one  person.  2. 
Any  low  chair-like  support.  3.  A  corntnoile;  also,  in  the 
plural,  feces.  4.  A  plant  from  which  vouiik  plai 
produced,  as  from  runners.  5.  A  decoy,  as  a  bird  or 
likeness  of  one.  (<  AS.  stOl.  seat,  <  V  of  stand.)  — stool'. 
ball",  n.  A  game  resembling  cricket,  or  the  ball  used 
In  the  game.  s. .pigeon,  n.  A  decoy  plueon;  specif.,  one 
employed  tode  as  Into  a  gambung«house;  also,  a 

police  spy, 

stoop',  1  Btup;  2  stoop,  rf.  &  rt'.  I.  To  bend  or  lean  for- 
ward; bow, or  In-  bowed  down;  show  a  stoop.  2.  To 
hritiK  down  from, dignity  or  rank,  or  from  a  hinlier  to  a 
lower  moral  plane;  condescend:  usually  followed  by  to 
or  an  infinitive.  3.  To  swoop:  pounce,  as  a  bird  of  prey. 
[<  AS.  stUpian,  stoop.)    Syii.:  see  iikmi. 

stoop1,  n.  1.  An  act  of  stooping;  a  downward  and  for- 
ward bending  of  the  body;  also,  a  habitual  forward  incli- 
nation of  the  head  and  shoulders.  2.  Decline  from  dig- 
nity or  superiority.    3.   \  of  a  bird  of  prey. 

stoop2,  ii.  [U.S.]  A  platform  at  the  door  of  a  house;  leas 
correctly,  a  porch:  veranda.   [<  D.  stoep,  stoop.) 

stoop  ,  |  n_   1.  A  <lrinkinn«ci:p;  also,  its  contents.    2.  Eccl. 

stoup,  (A  receptacle  for  holy  water.    [  <  AS.  stedp,  cup] 

stop,  1  .-'top;  2  -top,  v.  [sTOPPKDt;  htopt8;  stop'pino  J 
I.  t.    1.  To  brinR  from  motion  to  rest.    2.  To  check  be- 


1: a  =  final;    l  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  owt;    ell;     lu  =  fewd;    cllin;    go;    n  =  s\ng;    thin,    this.         Stockade 
163   2:  wolf,  dft;  book,   ooot;   full,   r||le,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this,  strabismus 


forehand ;  repress.  3.  To  prevent  egress  from  or  passage 
through;  close,  as  with  a  plug,  filling,  or  cover,  or  some 
other  obstruction;  also,  to  stanch.  4.  To  keep  back;  re- 
tain, as  wages  or  an  allowance.  II.  i.  1.  To  cease  from 
motion;  come  to  rest.  2.  To  come  to  an  end;  discon- 
tinue. 3.  [Colloq.]  To  stay  for  a  time;  tarry;  lodge. 
4.  Mus.  To  change  the  pitch  of  by  a  stop.  [<  AS. 
stoppian,  prob.  <  LL.  stupo,  stop.)  Svn.:  see  abide;  arrest; 
cease;  end;  hinder;  obstruct;  rest;  shut;  stand;  sus- 
pend.— stop'=cock",  re.  A  faucet  having  a  stop  or  valve. — 
s.sgap,  re.  That  which  stops  a  gap. — s.diouiid,  n.  A 
hound  trained  to  stop  at  a  signal  from  the  hunter. — s.sover. 

1.  a.  Giving  permission  to  stop  over,  as  a  railway  ticket. 
II.  n.  A  stop«over  check,  the  act  of  stopping  over,  or  per- 
mission to  stop  over,  as  from  one  train  to  a  later  train  on  the 
same  railroad.  s.=ofl"f. — stop'page,  n  1.  The  act  of  stop- 
ping. 2.  A  deduction  from  pay. — stop 'per.  I.  vt.  To  se- 
cure with  a  stopper.  II.  re..  One  who  or  that  which  stops  up 
or  closes,  as  a  plug  or  cork,  or  which  checks  movement  or 
action  of  any  kind. — stop'ple.  I.  vt.  [stop'pled;  stop'- 
pling.)  To  close  with  a  stopple.  II.  n.  A  stopper,  plug, 
cork,  or  bung. — s. swatch,  re.  A  watch  having  a  hand  indi- 
cating fractions  of  a  second,  which  may  be  stopped  or  started 
by  the  pressure  of  a  spring :  used  for  timing  races,  etc. 

stop,  re.  1.  The  act  of  stopping,  or  the  state  of  being 
stopped;  a  halt;  pause;  cessation.  2.  That  which  stops; 
an  obstruction  or  obstacle;  a  hindrance.  3.  In  musical 
instruments:  (1)  The  pressing  down  of  a  string  or  the 
closing  of  an  aperture,  to  change  the  pitch  of  the  tone 
emitted.  (2)  A  key,  lever,  or  handle  for  stopping  a  string 
or  an  aperture.  (3)  A  fret  for  a  guitar.  (4)  In  an  organ, 
a  set  of  pipes  or  reeds  producing  tones  of  the  same  qual- 
ity, and  arranged  in  regular  musical  progression.  4.  A 
punctuation=mark.  5.  In  joinery,  a  block,  pin,  or  the 
like  to  check  sliding  motion,  as  of  a  drawer.    Svn.:  see  rest. 

stope,  1  stop;  2  stop.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  excavate,  as  ore, 
rock,  etc.,  in  stopes;  also,  loosely,  to  excavate  mineral 
underground.  II.  n.  Mining.  An  excavation  from 
which  the  ore  has  been  removed,  either  above  or  below  a 
level,  in  a  series  of  steps. 

sto'rax,  1  sto'raks;  2  sto'raks,  re.  1.  A  gum  having  the  odor 
of  vanilla,  formerly  much  used  in  medicine.  2.  A  tree  from 
which  the  gum  was  obtained.    [L.,  <  Gr.  styrax,  storax.] 

store,  1  stor; 2  stor.  1.  vt.  [stored;  stor'ing.]  1.  To  put 
away  for  future  use.  2.  To  furnish  or  supply,  provide. 
3.  To  place  in  a  warehouse  or  other  place  of  deposit  for 
safekeeping.  4.  To  withhold  or  impound,  as  water. 
II.  re.  1.  That  which  is  stored  or  laid  up  against  future 
need;  hence,  a  large  amount  at  hand.  2.  pi.  Supplies, 
as  of  ammunition,  arms,  or  clothing;  necessary  articles, 
especially  of  food.  3.  A  place  where  commodities  are 
stored;  warehouse.  4.  In  the  United  States  and  some 
British  colonies,  a  place  where  merchandise  of  any  kind 
is  kept  for  sale;  a  shop.  [Ult.  <  L.  instauro,  restore.] 
Syn.:  (verb)  see  amass;  (noun)  see  heap;  stock. — stor'age, 
re.  1.  The  depositing  of  articles  in  a  warehouse  for  safekeep- 
ing. 2.  Space  for  storing  goods.  3.  A  charge  for  storing.— 
stor'age=bat"ter-y,  n.  Elec.  A  battery  whose  electrical 
energy  is  chemically  produced  by  a  current  being  run 
through  it  for  a  certain  period:  it  is  then  ready  to  give  off 
current  temporarily. — store'house",  n.  A  building  in 
which  goods  are  stored;  a  warehouse;  depository.  —  store '- 
keep"er,  n.  One  who  keeps  a  store.— store'room",  n.  A 
room  in  which  things  are  stored,  as  supplies. 

sto'rey,  n.    Same  as  story2. 

sto'ried1,  1  sto'nd;  2  sto'rid,  a.  1.  Having  a  notable  his- 
tory. 2.  Related  in  a  story.  3.  Ornamented  with  de- 
signs representing  scenes  from  history  or  story. 

sto'ried2,  a.  Having  or  consisting  of  stories,  as  a  build- 
ing: usually  in  compounds;  as,  six=storied. 

stork,  1  stork;  2  stork,  n,  A  long»necked  and  long»legged 
wading  bird  related  to  the  herons.  The  migratory 
stork  of  the  Old  World  often  nests  on  buildings.  Com- 
pare adjutant;  marabou1,  n.    [  <  AS,  store,  stork.] 

Storm,  1  storm;  2  storm,  c.  I.  (.  Mil.  To  take,  or  at- 
tempt to  take  by  storm.  II.  i.  1.  To  take  place  as  a 
storm:  used  impersonally.  2.  To  give  vent  boisterously 
to  passion.     3.  To  go  noisily  about.     Syn.:  see  RAGE, 

Storm,  re.  1.  A  disturbance  of  t  he  atmosphere,  generally  a 
great  whirling  motion  of  the  air,  accompanied  by  rain. 

2.  Figuratively,  a  furious  flight  or  shower  of  objects, 
especially  of  missiles.  3.  A  violent  commotion  of  any 
sort;  ebullition  of  passion  or  excitement.  4.  A  violent 
and  rapid  assault  on  a  fortified  place.  [<  AS.  storm, 
Storm.]— Storm ''belt",  n,    A  strip  of  territory  along  which 

storms  most  frequently  move.    s.  (Center,  n.  The  center  of 

,;  scries  of  concent  rlc  circles  of  equal  air-pressure  over  a 
region  covered  by  a  cyclone.      s.=pctrcl,  n.      A  petrel  of  the 

North  Atlantic,  thought    to   portend    storms     See  bird. 

stormy  petrel:,      s.  signal,  n.     A  signal  displayed  (as  by 


a  system  of  flags  or  lights)  to  inform  mariners  that  a  storm 
is  impending. 

Syn.:  agitation,  disturbance,  tempest.  A  storm  is  properly 
a  disturbance  of  the  atmosphere,  with  or  without  rain,  snow, 
hail,  or  thunder  and  lightning.  Thus  we  have  rain'Slorm, 
snowstorm,  etc.,  and,  by  extension,  magnetic  storm,  etc.  A 
tempest  Is  a  storm  of  extreme  violence,  always  attended  with 
some  precipitation,  as  of  rain,  from  the  atmosphere.  In  the 
moral  and  figurative  use  storm  and  tempest  are  not  closely 
discriminated,  except  that  tempest  commonly  implies  greater 
Intensity.  We  speak  of  agitation  of  feeling,  disturbance  of 
mind,  a  storm  of  passion,  a  tempest  of  rage.  See  wind. — 
Ant.:  calm,  fair  weather,  hush,  peace,  serenity,  stillness 
tranquillity. — storm'}',  a.  [storm'i-er;  storm'i-est.]  1. 
Characterized  by  storms;  boisterous;  passionate.  2.  Accom- 
panying storms.     Syn.:  see  bleak,    -i-ly,  adv.    -i-ness,  n. 

Stor'month,  1  ster'manfh;  2  stor'month,  James  (1825- 
1882).    A  Scottish  philologist  and  lexicographer. 

Stor'thing",  1  ster'tin";  2  stor'ting",  n.  The  Norwegian  par- 
liament. [<  Norw.  storthing,  <  stor,  great,  +  thing,  meet- 
ing.)   Stor'ting"f. 

sto'ry,  1  sto'ri;  2  sto'ry,  vt.  &  vi.  [sto'ried;  sto'ry- 
ing.]  1.  To  tell  stories;  relate  in  narrative.  2.  To  adorn 
with  designs  representing  scenes  from  history. 

sto'ry1,  re.  [sto'ries2,  pi.]  1.  A  narrative  or  recital  of  an 
event,  or  a  series  of  events,  whether  real  or  fictitious; 
especially,  a  short  tale,  novel,  or  narrative;  history.  2. 
A  body  of  facts  of  special  significance,  told  or  untold, 
relating  to  a  particular  person  or  thing.  3.  Anything 
reported  or  told;  a  rumor.  4.  The  plot  of  a  work  of 
imagination.  5.  [Colloq.]  A  lie:  a  euphemism  used 
by  or  to  children.  6.  An  anecdote.  [Short  for  history.] 
Syn.:  allegory,  anecdote,  incident,  narrative,  recital,  rec- 
ord, relation,  tale.  Tale  is  nearly  synonymous  with  story. 
but  Is  somewhat  archaic;  it  is  used  for  an  imaginative,  leg- 
endary, or  fictitious  recital,  especially  if  of  ancient  date;  as, 
a  fairy  tale;  also,  for  an  idle  or  malicious  report;  as,  do  not 
tell  tales.  See  fiction;  history;  report. — sto'ry=book", 
n.  A  book  of  stories,  or  one  containing  a  single  story. — 
s.steller,  n.  I.  One  who  relates  stories  or  anecdotes.  2. 
[Colloq.]  A  prevaricator;  liar. — s. Celling,  re. 

sto'ry2,  1  sto'n;  2  sto'ry,  n.  [sto'riesz,  pi.]  A  division 
in  a  building  comprising  the  space  between  two  succes- 
sive floors;  a  floor.  [<  OF.  estoree,  fern.  pp.  of  estorer, 
build.)     sto'reyt. 

Sto'rya,  re.  1.  Joseph  (1779-1845),  an  American  jurist  and 
author.  2.  William  Wetmore  (1819-1895),  an  American 
sculptor;  son  of  Joseph.  3.T.  WaIdo(  1847-191 5),  American 
sculptor;  born  in  Rome. 

stoss,  1  stes;  2  stds,  a.  Geol.  Facing  the  direction  whence  a 
glacier  moves:  contrasted  with  lee.     [  <  G.  stoss,  blow.) 

slot1,  1  stet;  2  stot,  n.  1.  [Prov.  Brit]  A  bullock;  steer.. 
2.  [Prov.  Brit.)  A  stoat;  weasel.  3t.  A  horse  or  a  stallion. 
[<  Ice.  slulr,  bull.)    stotet. 

stot2,  n.  [Scot]  A  rebound.    [=  D.  stooten,  push.) 

stoup,  re.    Same  as  stoop3,  n. 

stour>,  1  stur;  2  stur,  v.,  a.,  &  n.    Same  as  stir,    stoort. 

stour2,  11.  [Prov.  Brit.)  A  battle.    [<  OF.  estour,  storm] 

stout,  1  stout;  2  stout.  I.  a.  1.  Strong  or  firm  of  struc- 
ture or  material;  sound;  tough.  2.  Determined;  reso- 
lute. 3.  Fat;  bulky.  4.  Strong  in  effects  or  active  qual- 
ities; substantial;  solid.  5.  Having  muscular  strength; 
robust.  6t,  Proud;  stubborn.  II.  n.  A  strong,  veT 
dark  porter  or  beer,  brown  stout}.  [OF.,  <  MI),  stall,  l). 
stout,  <  L.  slultus,  foolish.]  Syn.:  see  corpulent;  stanch; 
strong. — stout'shearfed,  a.  Brave;  courageous,  -ly, 
adv.     -ness,  n. — Stoutly,  udr.  —  stout  'ness,  n. 

sto'va-lne,  1  sto'va-in;  2  sto'va-in,  re.  A  local  anest  betic  used 
in  combination  with  strychnin. 

stove,  1  stov;  2  stov,  imp.  &  pp.  of  STAVE,  ''. 

stove,  «.    1.  An  apparatus,  usually  of  metal  and  portable, 

in  which  fuel  is  consumed  for  heating  or  cooking.     2.  A 

drying*room.  3.  [Fug.]  An  artificially  heated  green- 
house.   4.  A  pot.tcrykiln.    [<  I),  aloof,  stove.] 

Sto'ver,  1  sto'var;  2  sfo'ver,  n.  Fodder  or  feed  for  cattle:  In 
the  United  States,  coni«stalkg,    [<  OF.  estorer.  necessaries.] 

stow1,  1  sto;  2  st6,  vt.     1.  To  put  away  compactly;  pack. 

2.  To  fill  compactly  or  methodically.  3.  To  hide  away ; 
also,  to  lodge.  (<  AS.  stowigan,  <  stow,  place.] — 
stow 'age,  n .    1:  The  act  or  manner  of  stowing,  or  the  state 

of  being  stowed.  2.  Space  for  stowing  goods.  -I.  <  barge  for 
stowing  goods  or  the  goods  stowed  stow  'a-wa)  ",  n  One 
Who  conceals  blinscir,  as  on  a  vessel,  to  obtain  free  passage. 

stow2,  1  sto;  2  sto,  fit.     [Prov.   Brll   I   To  lop  or  can  Off;  crop. 

Stowe,  1  StO; 2 StO,  Harriet  llceclicr  (1812  1896).  An  Amer- 
ican author;  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin. 

stowret,  re.    a  battle;  conflict;  stour. 

S.  T.  P.,  abbr.    [L.]    Sacrm  Theologim  Professor  (Professor  of 

Sacred  Theology),      sir.,  nlilir .     Steamer. 

stra-bis'imiN,  l  stre-bis'[or  -biz']mos;  2  stra-bls'[<>r  -bYs/]- 
mus,  n .    A  condition  in  which  the  eyes  squint.    When 

one  or  both  eyes  turn  inward,  I  lie  patient   i:,  cross'ii;,  !; 


- 


i  I  I  ....         ii         II         I  ill.  bflrn; 

i      .  .      .  iii  i  ......     wt&a,        764 


. i.  .  I 

1 1 

i 
• 

t. 

\ni..iii.>    i>. n 

S(  r.i.l    l-v  i    r  l-ii- 
1   irl    ..I 

i  . 

I . 

.    „!.  r.    .      »trag'gl) .  ittered. 

-ir  iuln.  I     .  II. 

I.  i   .ii r-  ction  without 

.rlv,  as  hair. 
I  ■ 

curate; 

".  uninterrupt- 

III.  1 .  •  r:nirh t  lino  or  :i  di- 

gly.     3. 

-I\  .  -ii.  -    .  ir  i li; hi  ' 

rue  t..  a 
~i r.iiniit  'en, 
i  '.'.   ro  free  from  disorder: 

stralght'ea-er,   n.     *tralglil"for'ward. 
■lanncr;  frank. 
-  i  ;  jim:  PLAJ  »lj  . 

-a-  -■ .  -tralghl     nut",  Showing 

-  Intent:  uncompromising. — 
. 
> t r.ii ii .  .  I.        ! .  bto  the  utmost 

;. 

•  ruin  in. 
4.  .  true  intent.      2     I" 

mak 

5.  .   ■  purify  t>y  ..r  a^  t>y  the  use  of  a 
I   .  grasp  tightly. 

II.  I.    .  ;. 

.!.  .  lortv.  isted.  (  <OF. 

I  Ten.— 

Ins;  Bpeclf  .  a 
rtenafl  or  device,  coni:iinnu'  mi-sh"-*  or  porous  parts,  througb 
which  liquids  are  passed  to  separate  them  from  ooai 
tidn.    Sjtij  see  bib 

I .  mi;  or  the  state  of  being 

".'.  I  h.-  injury  due 

I. 

ially  of  a  solid,  produced 

irary  or 

I.  on,  in  hymn-tunes, 

.i. 

itdon  in 

i,.  .  rum. 

-train  .         I .  also,  an  arti- 

t   hereditarj 

trj/nd,    <  sir- 

l  i.   I'o  distress. 

I.  1. 

r  room; 
•  II.  1 .  '  ■  r  eon- 

.'.  narrow 

:.  rplexity  or  d 

<    L. 

ttrtnfo   (pp.  Uriel-.  -!••  -in--. 

i  contract:  re- 

-irait" 
iriK  the 

-.  .laced,  a.    I. 

:. 
■  l. -iiont -.  lony   In   8.    I 

:  ;  -,  ooo 
strake,  of  planking  or  plat- 

;    streak*. 
(led  sea- 
ce.  Prussia;  pop.  31.000. 


-Ir  i-iiiln  .  -..ii- 
-Ir.i-ui..   nl-lllil 

ion  m .  •  i 

-Ir.intl  . 

-Ir.iinl        I 


I.   /. 
I 

I 
■I  of  the  nightshade  famllj 
from  ( t,]^  piani 

in. i.i 
i  i     i  'in  aground; 

be   lefl    hi  Ipli  h      II.  '. 

I .  '!.   I  ■. 


I.  <  Ine  of  tii..  pun 

;  ..i ,  hair,  or 


II. 

cipul  twin)  •  or  nu 
tholiki 

strange,   :  1.  Pro\  iou  l\  unknow  n, 

i :n In  :u.l  of;  unfamiliar     '-.  Not  according  to 
I    unaccountable;  rem  u  I  able     3.  <  ij   i 
diffen  I.  Foroign.    5.  Di 

taut  m  manner;  n  *er\  ed;  shj      |  <  OF.  est  I 

foreign.]    s.vn.:   ■•   iuen    extbaoroinaey; 

queer:  rar]     -ly,  ad\     -neas,  i      itran'gw.  n     I.  One 

•.'.  \n  unfamlllai 
;t.    \  foreigner      ••  One  unacquainted  or  iinfaniiiiar  with 
Bomel 
stran  'gKe',  1  strarj'i 

.'•;  btran'olini    I    I.  To  choki  to  death;  throttli 
lift      '.*.   I  o  "  »pn  ■--;  -ii|.|.n  •--     3.  To  suffer 
or  die  from  strangulation      I  ■     Gfr.1 

-irauKi.r.        stran'gleii  n   pi     an 
Infect  of  the  bone  characterised  by  fever  and 

Inflammation  of  the  glands  beneath  the  Jaw.     ttran'gn- 

lale.     I  i  \  i    i  r ...  i.  v  i    i  I  8.  TO  '  "in- 

press,  contract,  or  obstruct,  es]  i  to  cut  off  cir- 

culation of  the  Mood,  as  in  hern        stran'gu-lafed,  pn 
■tran'gu-late  .    Btran"go-la't4on,  n.    The  act  ol 
gling,  or  tbe  state  of  being  Btran 
Btran'gu-ry,  1  Btrao'giu-n;  2  stran'W-ry,  n.    1.  Pathol.  nim- 

inll  and  painful  urination      t.   I!    rt     \l. norma!  swelling  In- 

duced  in  a  plant  by  bandaging.    [<  F.  ttrangttrte.]    stran- 

KU  'rl-ou-. 

strap,  1  strap;  2  strip  I.  '  [strapped*,  bthapt*; 
-i  ii  u'Vim.]  1.  To  fasten  or  bind  with  a  .-tran.  2.  To 
beat  with  a  .-trap.  3.  To  strop.  4.  [Bool  ]  To  hang: 
I  also  intransitively.  II.'  1.  ^  long,  narrow,  and 
Bezible  strip  of  leather,  or  tin-  like,  for  binding  about 
objects.  'i.  A  razor-strop.  3.  A  shoulder-strap.  [< 
I    w    trop 

strap-pa 'do,  1  stra  1,    I  former  mili- 

tary punishment  In  which  one  was  drawn  up  by  a  rope  at- 
i  iisualb  to  the  wrists,  and  lei  tall  suddenly  till  stopped 
wlthalerk.  3.  Loosely,  a  beating  with  a  strap.  I-    II 

trappare,  pull,      '.  dial  itrapfen,  stretch.] 

strap 'plug,  a.  [Colloq.]  Large  and  muscular;  robust. 

-tra--.  i  straa;  2  stra-.  a  Same  as  paste.  3.  [<  Josef 
Strom  r,  thf  Inventor.] 

Straps 'burg,    1    slitriis'htirii:   2   slitras'luiru,   n.      A    fortified 

cathedral  city,  capital  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  Germany;  sur- 
■  l  by  the  French,  Bepf    28,  1870;  pop.  179,000. 
stra'ta,  1  strCte;  2  str&'ta,  n.    Plural  of  strati  m. 
strut  'a-Bciii,  1  strat'a-jem;2  Btr&t'a-gem,  n.  A  maneuver 
...  «,r  ouiv.it  an  enemy  in  war;  hence, 
any  dei  ice  for  obtaining  advantage     I  <  <  Ir  strati  gi  ma, 
s.vn.:  see  ua  a  n  i 
sfrat'e-ny,  1  Btrat'i-ji;  2  Btrat'e-gy,  a.     [-cues',  /*'].   '■ 
e  of   military  position  and  ol   the  combina- 
tion and  employ]  eana  on  a  broad  scale  for 
^riti  i ; ;  r                               rar;  generalship:  distinguished 
from  tactics,    'i.  The  u  as  in 
politics,  etc     Btra-teg'lc,    1    rtra-tej'ik  or 
-tl'Jli;  2  stra-M'T'i-                   -ira-teif'l-eal,  a     t»f.  per- 
taining to.  or  characterized  by  strategy,    strafe-get 'lc, 
-l-r:il:.     -Irat  "— get 'l-ral-ly,  adr.—  strat 'e-glst,  n.    One 
edln  strategy. 

Strat 'ford  =on-  \'von.  1  Crat'fard  on-i'von;  2  strat'ford"6n- 
a'v6n.«.      A  town  birthplace  and  place 

of  burial  of  Shakespeare;  pop  0,000 

-truth,  1  strath;  2  strath,  n      \  wide,  open  valley;  a 

river-course.    (<  Gael,  troth,  valley,] 

Strath-eo'na  and  Mount  Royal,  Lord  1 1820-1914).  Don- 
ald Alexander  Smith,  ihidi  <  ommli  loner  of  Canada, 
1914.  •    i,  dance.     '      Strath  Spev.  Scotland  | 

itratb'spey",  1  rtri  a*,  n     A  UvelyScot- 

strat'i-form,  1    trat'i-ferm;  Z  str&t'i-fdrm,  o.     I 

like  oi  constituting  a  stratum.    [<  stratum  +  -koum  ] 

strat'1-fy,  1  Btrat'i-foi;  2  -trat'i-fy,  c.  [-fiko;  -i',"r;o  1 
l.f     To  form  or  arrange  in  strata.    II.  i.    Tobefi 

iatum    •  -n  ]     stral"i-ll-fii'lioii,  » 

stra-ttg'ra-ptay,  1  stra-tig'ra-fi;  2  rtra-tBr'ra-ry,  n.  Geol 
1.  Tin-  order  and  relative  position  of  the  strata  of  th>; 
eartl  '-'•  The  study  or  descripl 

itigraphic geology.    I  <  btbatdm  ■f--OBAPHT.J 
— straf'i-grapli'lc,  -1-cal,  a.    -l-cal-ly,  adv. 


1:3  =  final;    1  =  habit^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    rtiin;    go;    n.  =  sinff;    Chin,   this.        StrabO 
765         2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  stride 


stra-toc'ra-cy,  1  stra-tek'ra-si;  2  stra-toe'ra-cy,  re.  Military 
despotism.    [  <  Gr.  stratos,  army,  +  krated,  rule.] 

stra'tum,  1  stre'tum;  2  stra'tiim,  n.  [stra'ta,  less  com- 
monly stra'tumb2,  pi.]  A  natural  or  artificial  layer, 
bed,  or  thickness,  as  of  rock.  (1)  Geol.  A  bed  of  rock. 
(2)  Anat.  &  Zool.  A  sheet  or  layer  of  tissue.  [L.,  < 
stratus,  pp.  of  slerno,  spread. 1 

stra'tus,  1  stre'tus;  2  stra'tus,  n.  Meteor.  A  low  horizon- 
tal sheet  of  cloud.  [L.,  see  stratum.]— stra"to=cu'mu- 
us,  n.  Meteor.  Cloud  occurring  in  large  dark  balls  or  rolls, 
giving  the  skv  an  undulating  appearance  when  covering  it. 

Strauss,  1  Straus; 2  strous.  n.  1.  David  Friedrich  (1808-1874), 
a  German  rationalistic  theologian;  Life  of  Jesus.  1.  Johann 
(1825-1899),  an  Austrian  composer;  Blue  Danube  Waltz, 
etc.     3.  Richard  (1864-         ),  German  composer. 

straw,  1  stre;  2  stra,  n.  1.  A  dry  or  ripened  stalk;  also, 
stems  or  stalks  of  grain,  collectively,  after  the  grain  has 
been  thrashed  out.  2.  Figuratively,  a  mere  trifle  or 
slight  indication.  [<  AS.  slreaw,  straw,  <  V  of  strew.] 
— straw 'ber"ry,  re.  [-riesz,  pi.]  1.  The  scarlet  berry=like 
edible  fruit  of  a  running  plant,  technically  neither  a  fruit 
nor  a  berry,  but  an  enlarged,  fleshy  receptacle,  bearing  on 
its  surface  small  seed-like  achenia,  which  are  the  real  fruit. 
2.  The  plant  that  bears  this  fruit. — straw'=col"or,  re.  A 
pale  yellow  color,  as  of  clean  ripe  straw,  s.^colourf. — 
s.=colored,  a. — straw'y,  a. 

stray,  1  stre;  2  stra.    I.  vi.    1.  To  wander  from  the  way. 

2.  To  wander  freely  about;  rove;  roam.  3.  To  wander 
from  the  path  of  right,  truth,  or  duty.  II.  a.  1.  Having 
strayed;  straying.  2.  Irregular;  occasional;  casual. 
III.  n.  1.  A  domestic  animal  that  has  strayed;  an 
estray.     2.  A  person  who  is  lost  or  wanders  aimlessly. 

3.  The  act  of  straying  or  wandering.  [  <  OF.  estraier, 
<  estree,  street.]    Syn.:  see  ramble;  wander. 

straytef,  a.  &  adv.    Strait;  strict;  narrow. 

streak,  1  strlk;  2  strek.  I1,  vt.  To  mark  with  a  streak; 
form  streaks  in  or  on;  stripe.  II.  n.  1.  A  long,  nar- 
row, somewhat  irregularly  shaped  mark,  line,  or  stripe. 

2.  A  not  very  marked  characteristic;  a  vein;  trace;  dash; 
as,  a  streak  of  humor;  also,  a  transient  mood;  whim.  3. 
Mineral.  The  color  of  the  fine  powder  of  a  mineral,  as 
shown  when  it  is  filed  or  drawn  across  a  rough  surface. 

4.  Naut.  A  strake.  [  <  AS.  strica,  <  strican,  go.] — 
streaked,  pa.— streak'y,  a.  Having  streaks.— streak'l- 
iy,  adv.— streak  'i-ness,  re. 

stream,  1  strlm;  2  strem,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  emit  or  pour 
forth  in  a  stream.  2.  To  wash  in  running  water.  3.  To 
cause  to  stretch  forth;  unfurl;  wave.  II.  z.  1.  To  flow 
or  issue  in  a  stream.  2.  To  move  in  continuous  succes- 
sion; proceed  uninterruptedly,  as  a  crowd  from  a  hall. 

3.  To  float  with  a  waving  movement,  as  a  flag.  4.  To 
move  with  a  trail  of  light,  as  a  meteor. — stream 'er,  re. 
An  object  that  streams;  a  flag  that  floats  extended,  or  a 
shaft  of  light  that  streams  forth.    Syn.:  see  flow. 

stream,  n.    1.  A  current  or  flow  of  water  or  other  fluid. 

2.  Anything  continuously  flowing,  moving,  or  passing, 
as  people.  3.  A  continuous  course  or  advance;  drift; 
current.    [<  AS.  stream.] 

Syn.:  brook,  channel,  course,  creek,  drift,  eddy,  flow, 
flume,  flux,  race,  rill,  river,  rivulet,  run,  runlet,  runnel, 
streamlet,  tide,  watercourse. — streamlet,  re.  A  rivulet. 
— stream 'y,  a.  1.  Full  of  streams;  flowing  as  a  stream.  2. 
Sending  forth  streams,  as  of  light. 

street,  1  strit;  2  stret,  n.  1.  A  public  way,  with  buildings 
on  one  or  both  sides,  in  a  city,  town,  or  village.  2.  The 
high- 
way  on 
w  h  i  ch 
t  h  e 
build- 
ings of 
a  street 
front; 
also, 

the  roadway  for  vehicles,  between  sidewalks.  |  <  AS. 
slrxt.  <  L.x*  strata,  tern,  of  stratus;  see  stratum.]  Syn.: 
see  road;   way. — street  arab,  same  as  ARAB,  re.,  3. 

strenet,  re.    Strain;  race,    strent. 

strength,  1  strerjth;  2  strfingth,  n.  1.  The  quality  or 
property  of  being  strong;  power;  force.  (1)  Of  animals, 
muscular  force;  physical  vigor.  (2)  Of  material  sub- 
stances, the  ability  to  sustain  the  application  of  force 
without  yielding  or  breaking;  solidity;  tenacity;  tough- 
ness. 2.  Power  in  general;  operative  energy;  ability  to 
do  or  bear;  binding  force  or  validity,  as  of  a  law;  vigor 
or  force  of  style;  available  numerical  force,  as  of  I  roopi 

3.  Degree  of  intensity;  vehemence;  as,  strength  ol  pa 
sion.    4.  The  degree  in  which  a  thing  possesses  its  dis- 
tinctive properties  or  essential  elements:  concentration; 


Sectional  View  of  Street»pavement. 

,  pranite  block  wt-arinir.piirfuoe;  /»,  Baixl.cuiiliion,  1"  t.»  •_'»;  c,  cement' 
.1, hit.  to  foundation,  6». 


potency,  as  of  a  drug.  5.  An  embodiment  of  sustaining 
or  protecting  power;  in  archaic  or  poetic  use,  a  fortress. 
[  <  AS.  strengths,  <  Strang,  strong.]  Syn.:  see  power;  prow- 
ess.—strength 'en,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  make  strong;  become 
or  grow  strong  or  stronger.  3.  To  encourage:  animate.  Syn.: 
see  confirm.— strength 'en-er,  re.     strength 'nerf. 

Stren'u-OUS,  1  stren'yu-us;  2  stren'yu-us,  a.  Eagerly 
pressing  or  urgent;  earnest.  [  <  L.  strenuus,  active;  cp. 
Gr.  strenes.  strong.]— stren'u-ous-Iy,  adv.— stren'u-nus- 
ness,  re.     stren"u-os  'i-ty  f . 

Strep"to-coc'cus,  1  strep"to-kek'us;  2  strep"to-c6e'us.  re.  A 
genus  of  micro-organisms  which  do  not  move  but  remain 
grouped  in  long  chains,  producing  pus  and  causing  pneu- 
monia, erysipelas,  etc.  [  <  Gr.  streptos,  twisted,  +  kokkos, 
berry,  berry«like  insect.] 

stress,  1  stres;  2  strSs.  I1,  vt.  1.  To  subject  to  mechanical 
stress,  as  a  timber.  2.  To  put  stress  or  emphasis  on,  as  a 
syllable.  3||.  To  put  into  straits  or  difficulties;  distress. 
II.  re.  1.  Special  weight,  importance,  or  significance.  2. 
Forceexerted  to  or  beyond  the  point  of  strain;  strain;  ten- 
sion. 3.  Influence  exerted  forcibly;  pressure;  compul- 
sion. 4.  In  pronunciationand  elocution,  the  relative  force 
with  which  a  sound,  syllable,  or  word  is  uttered.  [  <  OF. 
estressier,  <  L.  slringo  (pp.  striclus),  compress.] 

-stress,  suffix.  A  feminine  termination  denoting  agency;  as, 
songstress.    [<  -ster  +  -ess.] 

stretch, )  1  strecTi;  2  strgch,  vt.  &  vi.    1.  To  extend  or  draw 

strechp,  )  out,  as  to  full  length  or  width;  hence,  to  draw 
tight;  tighten.  2.  To  extend,  or  be  extended,  as  be- 
tween two  points,  as  a  line,  a  bridge,  etc.;  spread;  dis- 
tend or  expand  by  force  in  any  or  all  directions;  figur- 
atively, to  strain;  exaggerate;  as,  to  stretch  the  truth. 
3.  To  strain  or  exert  to  the  utmost:  as,  to  stretch  every 
nerve.  4.  To  reach  or  put  forth:  often  with  out;  as,  to 
stretch  out  the  hands.  5.  To  prostrate  at  full  length; 
cause  to  lie  extended.     [<  AS.  streccan,  stretch.] 

Syn.:  elongate,  exaggerate,  expand,  extend,  lengthen, 
reach,  spread,  strain,  tighten.  See  pervert.—  Ant.:  loosen, 
relax,  slacken. — stretch'er,  re.  1.  One  who  or  that  which 
stretches.  2.  A  frame  for  carrying  the  wounded  or  dead. 
3.  In  masonry,  a  brick  or  stone  lying  lengthwise  of  a  course; 
also,  a  measure  equaling  the  length  of  a  brick.  4.  A  tie=> 
beam  in  the  frame  of  a  building.  5.  Naut.  A  crosspiece  in 
a  boat,  as  a  brace  for  the  feet. 

stretch,  re.  1.  An  act  of  stretching,  or  the  state  of  being 
stretched;  tension.  2.  Extent  or  reach  of  that  which 
stretches:  scope;  especially,  an  overstrain.  3.  A  continu- 
ous extent  of  space  or  time. 

strew,  1  strfi;  2  stru,  vt.  [strewed,  strewd8;  strewed 
or  strewn;  strew'ing.]  1.  To  throw  or  let  fall  (small 
objects)  loosely  and  irregularly.  2.  To  lie  loosely  here 
and  there  upon.  [<  AS.  stredwian,  streowian,  strew.] 
— strew'mentf,  n.    The  act  or  material  of  strewing. 

stri'a,  1  strai'a;  2  stri'a,  n.  [stride,  1  -I;  2  -e,  pi.]  A 
narrow  streak,  stripe,  or  band  of  distinctive  color,  si  ruc- 
ture,  or  texture;  a  small  groove,  channel,  or  ridge. 
[L.,  furrow.]— stri 'ate.  I.  vt.  [stri'at-ed<i;  stri'at-ing.] 
To  mark  with  stria?.  II.  a.  1.  Having  fine  linear  mark- 
ings; grooved.  2.  Constituting  a  stria  or  stria;.  stri'ai-cdl. 
stri-a'tion,  re. — stri'a-ture,  re.  1.  The  manner  In 
which  stria;  are  disposed  or  arranged;  Striatum.     2.  A  stria. 

strick'en,  1  strik'n;  2  strik'n,  pa.  1.  Wounded,  (spe- 
cially by  a  missile.  2.  Struck  down,  as  by  calamity. 
( 'ompare  strike,  v.     3.  Advanced  or  far  gone,  as  in  age. 

Strickle,  1  strik'I;  2  strik'l,  re.  1.  An  object  having  a  straight 
edge  used  for  striking  off  an  even  measure  of  grain.     2.  A 

templet.  3.  A  stralght»edge,  to  which  emery  Is  applied,  for 
sharpening  rotary  knives.  [Dim.  of  strict,  for  STRU  I 
strict,  1  strikt;  2  strict,  a.  1.  Observing  or  enforcing 
rules  exactly;  also,  containing  exact  or  severe  rules  or 
provisions;  exacting.  2.  Strenuously  enjoined  and  main 
tained;  rigidly  observed.  3.  Exactly  defined,  distin- 
guished, or  applied;  not  indefinite  or  loose.   4.  stretched 

tight;  not  lax.  5.  Hot.  Close,  narrow,  and  upright; 
straight.    6.  Zool.  Narrow;  constricted.    7.  Intimately 

close,  as  friendship.      [<   I.,  strini/o  (pp.  Strictus),  bind] 

Syn.:  see  austere;  precise;  bevbrb.    -ly,  adv.     -ncss,  n. 

stric'iurc,  1  strik'cTvur or -tiur: 2 strlte'chur or -tflr,  ».  1. 
Severe  criticism.  2.  Pathol  ( 'onl  rad  ion  of  some  duel  or 
channel.    [  <  L.  strictura,  <  strictus:  see  strict.] 

stride,  1  straid;  2  strld,  v.    [stkode ;  btbid'den,  formerly 

STRID;  sticid'inc]     I.  t.     1.  To  span  or  pass  through  or 

over  with  a  stride.    2.  To  straddle;  bestride.    II-  i.    To 

walk  with  strides;  proceed  with  long  or  measured  steps. 
[  <  AS.  strtdan,  stride.] 
stride,  n.     A  long  and  sweeping  or  measured  slep;  the 
space  that  is  passed  over  by  such  a  slep.     2.  In  animal 

locomotion,  .-in  art  oi  progressive  motion,  completed 
when  nil  i  he  feet  are  returned  to  the  same  relative  posi 
lions  they  occupied  at  i  he  beginning  of  the  movement. 


•.trldrnl       |«  >      >         i  I        I         i  .  •'•     «t.Ar:  full,  rate;  but.  bom; 

siiifT  i  •  iii  i  ..     ,,    ,,    „,,        ;t;t; 


-ink. 


.Irll    n-1  i   Hon, 
•  irl.l   u-1  i-i.-t  | 
I 

• 
1 

i  urved 

la  1 1. hi. 

I.         I 
I  with;  affect 
Jso,  In 

itc;  thrust  ;  wound. 
i;  stab. 

■ 

i  crim- 

■ 

:t.  :  per- 

4.1 

.',.  ■  cancel 

■ 

i..  i  a  bell ; 

7.    In  im- 

."  icular 

.  in  In-  struck 

8.  upon  and  see 

I. 

in. 

■  down,  aa  :t  flag  in 

II.  .-. . .rk.  in 

demand,  etc       1'.'. 

I  ;   .  II.         I.  To  come  or 

be  af- 

To  deliver  a 

• 

upo-.  To  run  up.  hi  a 

.'.  -         ■  ie,  especially 

3.  To  enter  boldly  or 

-  . 

star-  i .  rork  as  a 

::.•  .»:.-    •>:      •     ir.t.g    '.'.■•    p-dress    of   grievances,    higher 

■"■.  -  or  haul  down  a  Bag  or  colors; 

U.  •  tC  .  a- 

7.   'I'o  take  a 

s.  To  be- 

'    ::.•  -  ,•  .*  ;•■  i  »ith  -  ilt,  a-  fi.-h     9.  To  run,  change,  or 

OS  COlOTB  In  .i  1 

io  - 1 r i k. i   .i  balance,  I 
-en  debits  at.  :  to  strike  up.    1 

play,  sine,  or  be.. 
sound.    S.Tostar-  to  Strike 

work.  ~(rlk'- 

-trlk  inic. 

-irlk  'lni;-l> .  -trik'liig-ie 

•  frikc,  I.  ;.   I        quitting 

•    compliance 

with  '•■  Iged  leveling  imple- 

l.  •  unexpected  discovery  of 

-triki •'  break"' r.    •         I  the  place  Of  B 

-.-nan  on  str),  !  Who  supplies 

-triii.-.  .]!./. 

I .  .  g.    2.  To  fit  with  a 

3 .  '  rise  the 

■  ' 

I.  S.  To  bind 

with  a  string.    6.  [Colloq.]    I  '•    up     7.  To 

a  string:   of  II.   i       1»  To 

a  long,  irregular  line.     2.  To  appear 

-tringed,  a.     Furnished  with  strings;  also, 

■-.th  strings. 

string.  ).        -lender  line  thinner  than  a  cord  and 


make 
press 

...k:.:. 


thicker  than  a  1 1 1 r.  ad:  twim  ,  also,  n  uli  ndi  i  itri| 

d  ol  n  bow      {'i    rn  |.  ,t.  d 
■;.  \  ■  1 1 ii.i/-iiki 
i 
mall  cord;  hence,  n  com 

-Irlnit'ir.  I 

rting    timber,    usuall)    horlsontal     itrlng'ipleeet. 

siring  •> .   a      i  onialnlna    fibrous 
I  trim  i-li  .  -irluu'l-n,  • 

-inn  'cent,  I  I.  Ri  coins  one 

ti  pi  ri  Quirementi .  rigii  i  '.'.  I  lam- 

i .  !         ing  tightly  in 
I       tringo,  (ppi 
compress.]  -l>.  -ness,        itnnTgea-eyl n. 

Strict  m 
string. half,  n     Same  as  bprino»hai  i:  i  corruption 
-i rip,  l  itrip;2  itrtp,      [stkippi  d'  oi  btripi  ;  stripping  I 
I.        i.   po  pull  off  the  covering  from:  denude     '.'•  I  o 
pull  oiT.  as  a  closely  fitting  envelop     3.   I  o  rob;  plun- 
der    4.  To  milk  the  thumb  and  forefinger; 
n ill k  drj  (a  cow  or  cow  s  uddei       •">.  I  o  n  n h  ■■•  • 
tiling  from;  lay  bare  or  clean,  as  in  various  meobanica! 
operations    •••  I  ■•<■  ir  or  cut  into  strips;  make  a  strip  oi 
II.        I.   I   i  removi  one's  clothing;  us 

'.'.    I.,  roll IT  in  .•.trips.      I  ■-    AS     -Iri/iiiui,  [i,  '■■     ■ 

plunder      strip 'per,  n     stripping,  n      I.  The  aol  or 
proeeag  ol  one  who  or  that  which  .strips.    •>.  pj,  The  milk 

drawn  from  n  row  by  stripping. 

strip,  n  A  narrow  piece,  comparatively  long,  as  of  oloth, 
wood,  land,  etc.    [For  n  ripi  ] 

s  I  ripe.  1  .-tr. up,  L'  -trip  1.  if  A  n  |s  I  im-i  n' .  -  I  hii-'im.  ] 
To  mark  With  stripes;  make  sttip,  -       II.  n,      1.    \   line, 

band,  or  long  narrow  division  ol  a  surface-,  of  different 
color  or  finish  from  the-  adjacent  surface:  a  regular 
Btreak  or  strip.  2.  A  streak  or  welt  on  tin-  skin,  caused 
by  flogging.  3.  Distinctive  quality  or  character;  kind; 
i '  (tripe  ]    s.vn.:  see  blow  . 

striped,  l  Btroipt  or straip'ed; 2  -tript  ..r  .-i  rtp'ed,  a  Hav- 
ing stripes;  marked  with  Btripes.  [<  btbip,  n  I 

stripling,  l  strip'liij;  2  Btrlp'ling,  n.     A  mere  youth, 

strlp'per,  strip  plug.    BeeBTRTP,  • 

strive,  1  stroiv;  2  Btrlv,  ri.  [bteovb;  striv'kn,  btbtv'n*, 
or  btrived||;  btriv'ino.]  1.  To  make  earnest  effort. 
'J.  1  o  engage  in  strife;  contend ;  fight  3.  To  vie;  emu- 
late 4.  'I'o  tend  to  counteract  by  reason  of  opposing 
qualities.    [<OI  trive;  of  Germanic,  origin.] 

Syn.:  Bee  contend;  endeavor;  struggle     Btrlv'er,  n. 

strobile,  1  -I'.ii.'il  at  siro'lxiil;  2  strob'll  OT  stro'MI.  n.  A 
multiple  fruit  consisting  of  an  Oblong,  oval,  or  COmcal  mass 

of  dry  imbricated  scales,  as  in  the  pines,  Bpruces,  fir-*,  etc  :  a 
cone.    [<  LL.  strobilus.  plue»cone,  <  Clr.  strobltos,  anything 
twist.] 
strode,  1  strSd;  2  Btrod,  imp.  of  stride,  v. 
•>truko,  1  strok:  2  Btrok,  vt.    [btboki  d*;  -i  kok'ino.]    To 

pass  the  hand  over  gently  or  with  light  pressure, 
stroke,  ;,     1.  The  act  or  movement  of  striking.    2.  One 
of  a  series  of  n-i-urnng  movements,  as  of  oars,  a  piston, 
etc  ;    also,    the    rate    of   such    movement.      3.    Same   :n 
btroki.'oah     4.  A  movement,  as  of  the  hand,  arm,  or 
ument,  by  which  something  is  made  or  done. 
5.  A  line  or  trace  made  by  a  single  movement  of  some 
unent,  as  of  a  pen  or  pencil.    6.  A  blow  or  any  ill 
I  caused  as  if  by  a  blow;  as,  a  stroke  of  mi  fortune 
7.  A  blow  or  the  sound  of  a  blow  of  a  striking  mecha- 
nism, as  of  a  clock;  also,  the  time  so  indicated.    8.  A  sud- 
den or  brilliant  mental  act;  feat;  coup.      [<  AS.  strac, 
0.]     Syn.:  see  BLOW;   iobfOBTUNI       stroke'' 
oar",  'i    1.  The  aftmost  oar  of  a  boat,  whose  movement  sets 
rate  of  rowing.     2.  The  person  who  rows  with  this  oar; 
.       be  occupies,     stroke:;   stroke'=oars"- 
inair:  sirokes'inanj.  [STROKE,  rf. 

stroke3.  Ft,    A  light  caressing  movement ;  a  stroking.    See 
stroll,  1    tr..i   '.'-■'.!     I.  w     l.  To  ramble  on  foot;  wan- 
der idly.     2.  To  go  from  place  to  place  aimlessly.     II.  n. 
An  idle  or  leisurely  walk;  a  wandering.      [<    I),  struc- 
Stumble.]     S.vn.:  see  RAMBLE      stroll 'er,  n. 
Mrom'bo-ll,  1  strom'ho-II;  2  Btr6m'bo-li.  r».     I.  An  Island  In 

[edlterranean;  one  <,f  tin-  Llparl  group.  2.  An  active 
volcano  of  Btromboll;  3,040  ft.  high.     Strom-bo'll-an,  a. 

Strondti  «•    Strand,    strondct. 

strong,  1  strorj;  2  strdng,  a.  1.  Having  physical  power 
or  -tri-iigth;  muscular;  vigorous.  2.  Having  great  men- 
tal or  moral  force;  able;  capable.  &  .Moving  or  acting 
with  a  high  degree  of  force,  or  characterized  by  inten- 
sity in  degree;  violent ;  :us,  a  strony  gale;  strong  language; 
hence,  energetic;  deeply  earnest  ;  zealous.  4.  Making  a 
keen  impres-ion  upon  the  senses;  vivid;  pungent.  5. 
Made  or  constituted  firmly  or  solidly.    6.  Being  in  large 


1: a=  final;    l  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lQ  =  feud;    «fhin;    go;    n  =  sing;    fhin,   this. 
767       2:  wQlf,  dp;    book,    boot;   full,    rule,    cure,    but,    bQrn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;    ink;    thin,    this. 


strident 
stuff 


numbers;  also,  having  the  strength  (of  a  specified  num- 
ber); as,  a  force  10,000  strong.  7.  Not  mild  or  weak; 
concentrated;  also,  solid  and  substantial,  as  food;  con- 
taining much  alcohol,  as  drink.  8.  Having  a  steady  up- 
ward tendency,  as  the  market,  prices,  etc.  [  <  AS. 
strong,  mighty. 1  Syn.:  cohesive,  compact,  hardy,  robust,  sin- 
ewy, stalwart,  stout,  stubborn,  sturdy,  tenacious,  vigorous. 
See  firm;  healthy;  powerful;  stanch.— Ant.:  brittle,  de- 
bilitated, delicate,  feeble,  fragile,  frail,  frangible,  perishable, 
tender,  weak.— strong'hold",  n.  A  place  that  nature  or 
art  has  made  strongly  defensible.  Syn.:  see  fortification; 
refuge.  —  strong'ly,  adv.  With  strength,  strong*.  — 
strong'=niind"ed,a.  Having  a  firm  and  vigorous  intellect; 
also,  affectedly  intellectual. 

stron'ti-um,  1  stron'sni-um  or  -ti-um;  2  stron'shl-um  or 
-ti-um,  n.  Chem.  A  yellowish,  metallic  element,  similar  to 
calcium,  but  harder.  See  element.  [<  Strontian,  Scotland.) 

strookt,  imp.  of  strike,  v. 

strop,  1  strep;  2  strop.  I.  vt.  [stropped',  stropt8; 
strop'ping.]    To  sharpen  (as  a  razor)  on  a  strop.    II.  n. 

1.  A  strip  of  leather  or  canvas  on  which  to  sharpen  a 
razor;  also,  a  rectangular  implement  with  strops  on  it. 

2.  A  strap.     [  <  AS.  stropp;  see  strap.] 

stro'phe,  1  stro'fT  or  stref'i;  2  stro'fe  or  strof'e,  n.  1.  In 
ancient  poetry,  a  rhythmic  movement,  as  a  distich; 
also,  the  first  of  a  pair  of  corresponding  stanzas  in  Greek 
choral  poetry,  as  opposed  to  the  second,  or  antistrophe. 
2.  A  modern  rimed  stanza;  by  extension,  one  of  the 
irregular  divisions  of  an  ode  or  the  like.  [  <  L.  stropha, 
<  Gr.  strophe,  <  strepho,  turn.) — stropb'ic,  -i-cal,  a. 

stross'erst,  n.  pi.    Trousers. 

strove,  1  strov;  2  strov,  imp.  of  strive,  v. 

strow||,  1  stro;  2  stro,  vt.  [strowed;  strow'ing;  strowed  or 
strown.1    Same  as  strew. 

struck,  1  struk;  2  struk,  imp.  &  pp.  of  strike,  v. 

struc'ture,  1  struk'criur  or  -tiur;  2  struc'chur  or  -tur,  n. 
1.  That  which  is  constructed;  a  combination  of  related 
parts,  as  a  building  or  machine.  2.  Manner  of  con- 
struction or  organization  of  a  body  or  object.  3|| .  Con- 
struction. [F.,  <  L.  struetura,  <  structus,  pp.  of  struo, 
build.)     Syn.:  see  frame.— struc'tur-al,  a.    -ly,  adv. 

strug'gle,  )1    strug'l;   2   strug'l.      I.    vi.      [strug'gled, 

strug'lp,  J  strug'ldp;  strug'gling.]  To  engage  in  a 
struggle;  strive  or  labor  earnestly.  II.  n.  A  violent 
effort;  labored  contest;  contention;  sometimes,  a  war; 
battle.  [<  Dan.  struikelen,  stumble.)  Syn.:  (verb)  see 
battle,  contend,  contest,  endeavor,  exert  oneself,  fight,  labor, 
strain,  strive,  toll,  try,  vie,  writhe;  (noun)  see  endeavor. 
— Strug 'gler,  n. 

strum,  1  strum;  2  strum,  vt.  &  vi.  [strummed  or  strumd8; 
strum'ming.]  To  play  (on  a  stringed  instrument)  care- 
lessly and  noisily;  thrum.    [Var.  of  thrum1,  v.] 

stru'ma,  1  stru'ma;  2  stru'ma,  n.    [stru'm-s:,  1  -ml;  2  -me,  pi.] 

1.  Pathol.  (1)  Scrofula.  (2)  Goiter.  2.  Bot.  A  wen*like 
cushion  or  swelling.  [L.,  <  struo,  build.) — stru'mose,  a. 
stru-mat'lcj;  stru'moust. 

strum 'pet,  1  strum'pet;  2  strum'pet,  n.    A  prostitute. 

strung,  1  strurj;  2  strung,  imp.  &  pp.  of  string,  v. 

strut,  1  strut;  2  strut,  vi.    [sthct'tedJ;  strut'ting.]    To 

walk  pompously.    [<  Dan.  strutte.] — strut 'ter,  n. 
strut1,  n.    A  proud  or  pompous  step  or  walk. 
strut2,  n.     1.  A  compression=member  in  a  framework, 

keeping  two  others  from  approaching  nearer  together. 

2.  An  instrument  used  in  adjusting  the  plaits  of  a  ruff. 
strych'nin,  )  1  strik'mn,  -nin;  2  stryc'nin,  -nin,  n.  A 
stryeh'nine, )  white,  crystalline,  bitter,  extremely  poi- 
sonous compound  obtained  from  certain  tropical  plants; 
used  medicinally  in  minute  doses  as  a  neural  stimulant. 
[<  Gr.L  struchnns,  kind  of  nightshade.)    strych'nl-at. 

sts.,  abbr.     Streets. 

Stu'art,  1  stlu'art;  2  stfi'art,  n.  1.  A  family  supplying  kings 
to  Scotland,  1371  to  ir.03,and  to  England,  1603  to  1711  See 
England.  2.  Arabella  (1575  1(115),  .-i  Scottish  princess; 
Imprisoned  by  James  1.  3.  Charles  Kdward  (1720  1788), 
"the  Young  Pretender";  son  of  .lames  v.  B.;  claimant  for  I  be 
English  crown;  Invaded  Scotland,  1745,  and  was  defeated  :ii 
Culloden.     4.  Gilbert  Charles  (1755-1828).  .in  American 

portrait-painter.  5.  James  E.  B.  (1833-1864),  a  <  lonfeder- 
ate  cavalry  general,  sobriquet  "Jeb."  6.  James  Francis 
Edward  (1G88-176B\  "the  Pretender";  eldest  sou  of  James 
II.  of  England;  claimed  the  throne  ami  invaded  Scotland) 

1715;  forced  to  flee  to  France,  7.  Mary.  Sec  MABT,  3. 
stub,  1  stub;  2  stub.  I.  it.  [sti  bbed,  btubd8;  btub'- 
bino.]  1.  [U.  S.]  To  strike  against  a  low  obstruction 
or  projection.  2.  To  grub  up,  as  roots.  3.  To  clear  or 
remove  the  stubs  or  roots  from.  4.  To  render  stubby. 
II.  n.  1.  The  part  of  a  tree=t  runU,  bush,  etc  ,  that  re- 
mains when  the  main  part  is  cut  down.  2.  Any  short, 
projecting  part  or  piece;  a  remnant,  3.  [U,  S.]  In  a 
il,.rk=book  or  the  like,  one  ol  the  inner  ends  upou  which 


a  memorandum  is  entered,  and  which  is  left  in  the  bind- 
ing when  the  check  is  detached.  4.  Anything  short  or 
stumpy.  5f.  A  log;  a  block;  a  blockhead.  [  <  AS.  styb, 
stub.)— stub'bed,  a.  1.  Made  into  a  stub.  2.  Full  of  stubs. 
3.  Sturdy;  blunt,  -ness,  n.— stub'by,  a.  [stub'bi-er; 
stub'bi-est.)  1.  Short,  stiff,  and  bristling.  2.  Short  and 
thick;  like  a  stub. — stub'bl-ly,  adv. — stub'bl-ness,  re. — 
stub'sl"ron,  n.  Same  as  stub=twist.  —  s.-nall,  n.  A  short 
thick  nail;  also,  an  old  horseshoe*  nail. — s.  pen,  a  very  blunt* 
pointed  pen  for  writing.— s.stwlst,  re.  A  mottled  Iron  made 
from  worn=out  horseshoe»nails:  used  in  gun»barrels. 

stub'ble,  11   stub'l;  2   stub'l,   n.     The  stubs  of  grain- 

stub'lp,  J  stalks,  covering  a  harvest=field  after  the  crop 
has  been  cut;  also,  the  field  itself:  also  used  figuratively. 
[  <  OF.  stuble.]  —  stub'bly,  a.    Covered  with  or  like  stubble. 

stub 'born,  1  stub'arn;  2  stub'orn,  a.  1.  Inflexible  in 
opinion  or  intention;  unreasonably  obstinate.  2.  Not 
easily  bent  or  overcome;  intractable;  as,  stubborn  facts. 
3.  Characterized  by  perseverance  or  persistence.  [Prob. 
<  AS.  styb,  stub.)  Syn.:  see  hard;  inflexible;  obstinate; 
perverse;  restive;  strong,     -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

stuc'co,  1  stuk'o;  2  stuc'o.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  apply  stucco 
to;  form  decorations  in  stucco.  II.  n.  1.  A  fine  plaster 
for  walls  or  their  relief  ornaments.  2.  Loosely,  any 
plaster  used  for  the  external  coating  of  buildings:  often 
attributively.    [It.]  [Colloq.]    Conceited. 

stuck,  1  stuk;  2  stuk,  imp.  &  pp.  of  stick,  v.— stuck'»up".  a. 

stud,  1  stud;  2  stud,  vt.  [stud'ded"1;  stud'ding.]  1.  To 
set  thickly  with  small  points,  projections,  or  knobs.  2. 
To  supply  with  or  support  or  stiffen  by  studs  in  building. 

stud1,  n.  1.  A  short  intermediate  post,  as  in  a  building- 
frame.  2.  A  knob,  round-headed  nail,  or  small  protu- 
berant ornament,  as  an  ornamental  button  in  a  shirt- 
front.  3.  A  crosspiece  in  a  link.  4.  A  small  pin  such 
as  is  used  in  a  watch.  [  <  AS.  studu,  post.] — stud'ding, 
n.    Studs  or  joists  collectively. 

stud2,  re.  1.  A  collection  of  horses  and  mares  for  breeding; 
also,  the  place  where  they  are  kept.  2.  A  collection  of 
horses  for  riding,  hunting,  or  racing.  3.  [Colioq.]  A 
stallion.  stud'=horse"J.  [  <  AS.  slod,  stud.] — stud's 
book",  re.    A  record  of  the  pedigree  of  a  stud. 

stud 'ding-sail",  re.  An  auxiliary  sail  set  out  beyond  one 
of  the  principal  square  sails  by  extensible  booms. 

stu'dent,  1  stiu'dent;  2  stu'dgnt,  n.  1.  A  person  engaged 
in  a  course  of  study;  especially,  an  advanced  scholar,  as 
in  a  university.  2.  One  who  closely  examines  or  inves- 
tigates.    [  <  L.  sludeo,  be  diligent.]     Syn.:  see  scholar. 

stud'ied,  1  stud'id;  2  sttid'id,  pa.  1.  Deliberately  and 
intentionally  designed  or  undertaken;  planned;  pre- 
meditated.    21".  Learned;  versed,     -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

stu'di-o,  1  stiu'di-6;  2  stu'di-6,  n.  The  workroom  of  an 
artist.      [It.,  <  L.  studium,  zeal,  <  studeo,  be  diligent] 

stu  'di-ous,  1  stiu'di-us;  2  stu'di-us,  a.  1.  Given  to  study. 
2.  Earnest  in  the  use  of  means;  assiduous.  3.  Done  \\  it  h 
deliberation;  studied.  4§.  Favorable  to  study;  for 
study;  as,  studious  halls,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

stud'y,  1  stud'i;  2  stud'y,  v.  [stud'ied;  stud'y-ing]  1. 1. 

1.  To  endeavor  to  learn  or  learn  about  by  means  of 
mental  application;  apply  the  mind  in  memorizing  or 
mastering;  learn  the  words  or  ideas  of.  2.  To  devote 
oneself  to  the  mastery  of,  as  a  profession.  3.  To  gaze 
on  attentively  and  thoughtfully;  contemplate.  4.  To 
contrive;  devise;  plan:  often  with  out  or  up.  5.  To  think 
over  and  keep  in  mind  for  some  purpose.  II.  i.  1.  To 
apply  oneself  to  the  acquisition  of  knowledge.     2.  To 

pursue  a  regular  course  of  study.   Syn.:  see  consider;  exam- 
ine; muse.— stud  'l-a-bKe'",  o. — stud'l-erl,  re. 
stud'y,  re.     [stud'ies2,  pi.]     1.  The  act  of  studying;  ap- 
plication of   the  mind  to  books,  to  art  or  science,  etc. 

2.  Something  to  be  studied;  a  branch  or  depart  men]  of 
knowledge.  3.  A  specific  product  of  studious  applica- 
tion; especially,  in  art;  a  first  sketch.  4.  A  room 
devoted  to  study,  reading,  etc.  5.  A  studious  state 
of  mind;  absent»mindedness.  (>.  Earnest  endeavot 
thoughtful  care,  7.  Mub,  A  composition  designed  to 
aid  development  in  technical  facility.     [•    OF  estudie, 

L.  studium;  see  studio.]     Syn.:  see  education;    inquiry; 

LEARNING;   REFLECTION;  'nsh;  THOUGH! 

stuff,  )  1  stufj  2  stftf,  v.    I.  t.    1.  To  lill  to  dii  tention  by 

StUP, )  Crowding    something    into;    cram;    park    lull.      2. 

Specif.,  to  lill  with  material  speciallj  prepared  lor  such 
use.  3.  In  taxidermy,  to  fill  out  with  uitable  material(the 
Bkin  of  a  bird  or  beast).  4.  To  cram  into  a  small  space: 
crowd.  5.  To  obstruct  by  filling;  choke.  D.t.  [Colloq.] 
To  gluttonize;  eat  to  excess,  t<>  sluff  :i  ballot  •box, 
to  put  ballots  into  t  he  box  fraudulently. 
stuff,  "-  1.  Made  of  fabric,  especially  of  light  woolen 
material,    ".'.  Made  of  f  ur  in  imitation  ol  iicavcr. 


- 1 1 1  rr 

-lib).  1    1 


i        i  i  . ■  .  I  i  B     noi.flr;   full,  rule,   biil.hftrn; 

..i  it.  iii  i  .i     I.     ii-,  won,       768 


-lulT  .  r.  «:  ulf  iii„. 

-liifT   i  .  I  UlatOd 

~ i ii ir  i-ii. 

-I  III    1 1-1  i  .    .  :  Mi.  -i  1  "is-.  I 

I  . 

'.'■ 

mhI   ii-ii-i  .i  lion,         -ml  "i i-ii"«  r. 
-dun.  I  m'minq  I     To 

ii 

.  -iii-iii  i 

-I  lllll     III     I       .  I.  A  !-U    M    - 

I 

:.    I      i. ill   upon  by 

:t.  I)  i.r  in 

II.  I        ncl   ol   stumbling; 

i,  -tumble  ] 

-nun  Mi  r.  •■      -i urn  IiIIiik  block",  i  tacleor 

-nun  i  >  1 1  ■  i  k:  - 1  > . 

stump  .  l.l.  To  canvass  by 

■.'.    I       oq.]     1      I'--  chal- 

2)   To  Ithil!   to  a 

halt 

3.  I"  reduce  to  a  stump; 

II.  1  .  . '  .  -Ii  .  T  a-  nn  stun 

-I limp  Vr,  ii 
-iiiim|>.  l.  ibling  a  stump;  stumpy. 

.'. 
-iuinii  orator,  -.  speaker,  -.  speech, 
stamp,  I.  rtion  of  the  trunk  of  :i  tree  left 

'?.  The  pari  of  any- 

:  :i  limb,  that  remains  when  the  main  part 

'.  biefly  in  tin-  phrase 

t«i  -tir  niii'-  stamps.    4.  \  place  or  platform  where  a 

political  haranguing.     5. 

8.  ny  one  of  the  three 

tmpr.] — stuiup'y, 

I  !  iinl  thick, 

-tun.  1. 

I.    .         ipefy  by  :i  blow.    'i.  To  deaden  the 
■ 
■  inishment;  astound.    II. 
don;  also,  th.- 
ian,  make  a 
-tuu'iHT.  .     i  me- who  or  that  whlc 
-•].  a  person  or  th.  iinary  or  surprising 

nual:;>-      -tun'nliiu.  -I>. 

^iiin  'diet,  .  n.     A   member  of   a 

.in  txxiy  of  ■  Iglnatlng  among  peasants 

about  inno.   [<  i.  Stun'dlsm, 

-luiik-.  .:^,  imp.  &  pp  ol 

-miik. 

-nun  .  I  .  i  -.  check  the  natural 

II.  it.     1.  A  cl 

'!.  A  Stunted  animal 

fan,    stop  ] 

-lunt    ill.  -mm    •  -l-i.. 

-tuiii.  I  To  perform  stunts.    II.  n. 

-lulu-.  or  medicated 

-in  in  -l> .  •     [-pied;  -j 

int ;  deaden.    |  <  L. 

Uup-  -lu"pe-t.i 'elenl.     I. 

-i  u"i»>-r  ii'- 

I I  v  '         ii  ircotlc    -tu"- 

■  i .  -m"|.i--fK  -i ion 

tU     pi-     i       tlol  DIT1 

;■  -f  ii  'til    r-n  ;•    -fli    ;.  -m  'pi- 

ll-   In-  --.  -Iii  'p.  -Ii 

-tll-pi  n   iloil-. 

rundive 

-In  'pend    :    -Ill-pin  ';ll-oii-  ■ 

-i  . .  -I 

-'n'|i    I.  .'piil.  n      1.  Very  slow  of  appre- 

img:   dull»wil  '-'• 

3.  Marked  by  lack  of 

qndcTBtanding,  reason,  or  wit  i-.ltiuh.    [<  L. 


A  large  fish   of 


iimIohImIhoI  1 

IT;  IIKW1        -I"  pbl-l) .  -tu  pbl- 

-iii-pnl  i-ii .  i  mi  1.1,1  i  i> ,  n     The  stato, 

' 

■ 
mei  -  ■!  foi  tempo 

mii  cliicfl)   for  Innate  and 

•  •f  melilul  url  Inn.  obi 

•  ntat  Ii '  .i" 

ind  con inlj 

iblc   Compare  apathy:  u r;sTUPOR     ami 

brllUano) .  clovorno  • ,  Intolll 
readiness,  Bagaoll  .  bllity 

-in  'pur.  l    :i  i  i-  ■  i.   \  o lit  ion  .-i  the 

body  in  which  the  senses  and  1  ispended  or 

'.'.  I  m Mini-  intellect ual  01  moral  dul- 
tupidity     [L.,  •     tu/n ...  i,.    tunned.] 
svn     apatbj     .i  i>ii.  v t ■  i .    coma,    fainting,    Insensibility, 

lethargy, swoon, swooning,  syi po,  unoonsclou  di  ■•     The 

apathy  ..f  disease  Is  a  mi  i  ite  of  morbid 

Indifference;  lethargy  Is  a  morbid  tendenoy  to  beavi  and i- 

tlnued  sleep,  from  which  the  pattern  may  perhaps  be  mo- 
mentartl)  aroused.  Coma  la  a  deep,  abnormal  Bleep,  from 
which  the  patient  can  not  be  aroused,  or  la  aroused  only 
with  difficult] .  s  state  ..f  profound  In  >  risibility  perhaps  with 
full  pulse  and  deep,  stertorous  breathing,  and  Is  due  t" 
braln*opprc  oooning  Is  s  sudden 

-i  DsattOD  and  ol  power  of  motion,  with  suspension  of  pulse 
■ad  "f  respiration,  and  Is  due  to  failure  of  bearvactlon,  a- 
troin  sudden  nervous  shook  or  Intense  mental  emotion.    ln- 
liity  Is  a  general  term  denoting  loss  of  feeling  from 

any  cause,  BS  from  cold,   Intoxication,  or  Injury.     SiUpOt  la 

all)  profound  and  confirmed  bumsibUUy,  properly 
oomatose.  Asphyxia  Is  a  special  form  of  tyncojn  resulting 
from  partial  or  total  suspension  of  respiration,  :us  in  stran- 
gulation or  drowning.     SeesTi  in. hi      stu'por-ous,  a. 

Btur'dee,  l  stor'di; 2  sturMe,  ITrederlek  C.  i>     I    ifl 
a  British  ri-ar-aiimiiai.  defeated  and  sunk  Von  Bpee's  Ger- 
manBauadron  In  battle  off  the  Falkland  Islands,  Dec  S,  1014 

slur'd).  1  -i  nr'ili .  2  -u'ii-'il\ ,  ii.  [an  b'di-j  i;  ;  -  ri  ii  'in  -i  -  i  I 
1.  Poasjaaing  rugged  health  and  strength;  hard)  'J. 
1-  i  rm  and  unyielding.    (  <  OF.  eslourdi,  pp  of  estourdir, 

ii.  pr.il.    -     I.   ex,  out,    •    tOTpidUS,  Tnid'lD.I    Syn.:  sec 

POWERFUL;  -lur'dl-ly,  mli       stiir'dl-ne— ,  n 

Star'geon,   1   stur'jan;   2  stur'gon,  n. 

northern     regions,  - 

with    coarse,    oily 

flesh,   having   five 

rovi  -  of  bonyshlelds. 

[  <  F.  cslurgeon.] 
sturt,      1     stGrt;      2 

sturt,     n.        [Prov. " 

Brill         Vexation; 

trouble.    [-BTABT.1  j  .common  Sturgeon.     '/»    2.  r.rei 
stut  ter,   1   slut  Br;        \\  bile  sturgeon  or  Beluga.     '/» 

2  stfjt'er.     I.    '    A 

I  o  utter  with  spasmodic  hesitations  or  repetitions; 
er     II..     The  act  of  stuttering,    |  <  Ice.  stauta, 

stutter.]    Btat'ter-er,  n     stut 'ter-lng,  pa.  4  n. 
siutt'gart,  i  stofgart  or  (<?.)  sntut'gart;  2  stQt'gan 

Bbtufg&rt,  n.     A  CltyofS.  \V.  Cermany;  pop   2s.r,.r,00. 

Stuy're-sant,  ]   Btafvi-BBnt;  2  sty've-sant    Peter  (1602?- 

1682)     The  last  Dutch  governor  (1647   1664)  of  New  York 

sty1,]  -mi  . :.' -t\ ,  n,    \&nx&z,pl.]     L  A  pen  for  swine,    'i. 

Any    filthy    habitation    or    place    of    bestiality    or    ili- 

ry.    [  <  AS.  sfitfu,  cattlefpen,  <  etigan,  rise  ] 
s(  >  ,  .       i- 1  n-",  /./ ]     A  -mall  inflamed  swelling  on  the 

the  eyelid.    [<  AS.  stioend,  <       ran,  rise.] 
Styg'l-an,  1  stU'i-an;  2  styir'1-an,  a.    Pertaining  to  the  Btjrx; 

i  ,r  '•  Slygtox,  <  Styx,  <  tlvoeo,  abhor. | 
Style,]   -'.ol.  2   -'  ■  1.  "'      I- 1 -.  i  m.,  -m  i.'i.ni;.]    To  give  a 

title  or  designation  to;  name. 
style1,  n     1.  Manner  of  conducl  or  action.    '£.  Manner 

or   form   approv-'l   as   elegant    or   fashionable;   fashion; 
mode      :i.   Mode  of  expressing  thought;  distinctive  or 
..,-  diction;  appropriate  use  of  language.    4. 
Mode  of  presentation,  execution,  oi  performance,  s    in 
rt  or  work.    5.  Form  of  designation  or  ad- 
title      «».    \n  aiu-i'-iil    wnting-iii-li-iimi-nl,  having 

one  end  pointed,  foi  writing  on  wax  tablet-,  and  thp 
other  end  blunt  I  7.  Something  resembling 

such  a  wriim  "iii-iruni-  m,  as  an  engraving  tool,     H. 

/.;.;/    A  point.-. l  •  part;  a  stylet  or  stylus.    9. 

CLrui,,,!.   \  rranging  the  length  of  the  years 

that  of  the  true  solar  year:  called 

lieu    -t>le.   when   following  the  arrangement  made  by 

['ope  Gregory  Ml!  (Gregorian  calendar)  and  used 
in  nearly  all  Christian  countries  except  Russia  and 
I  ir> -i-i-i-,  and  old  style  whi  a  following  the  Julian  call  n 

dar.      The   lattCl    IS    now    13   days    behind    the   former. 


l:d— final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  owt:    ell:    10  =  feud:    chin;    go;    n  =  sing;    thin,   this.  Stuff 

769        2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    bat,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.       Subject 


England  adopted  the  new  style  by  act  of  Parliament  in 
1752,  when  the  difference  was  11  days.  [F.,  <  L.  stilus, 
stake.]  stilet.  Syn.:  see  air2;  custom;  diction;  manner; 
name. — sty'lar',  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  resembling  a  style 
for  writing.— sty 'let,  re.  1.  Any  slender  pointed  instrument, 
as  a  poniard  or  probe.  2.  Zool.  A  stiff  process;  style,  sti- 
lette'J.— styl'Ist,  re.  One  who  is  a  master  of  literary  style. 
— sty-lls'tlc,  a.  &  «.—  sty-Ils'ti-cal-Iy,  adv. 
style2,  re.  1.  A  pin,  pointer,  or  gnomon  of  a  dial,  that  indi- 
cates the  hour  by  its  shadow.  2.  Bot.  The  prolongation 
of  a  carpel  or  ovary,  bearing  the  stigma.  3.  In  joinery, 
an  upright  piece  in  a  frame.  [<  Gr.LI*  stylos,  pillar.] 
stilet.— sty'lar2,  a.—  sty'li-form,  a.  Having  the  form  of 
a  style.  [able,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

Styl'ish,  1  stail'isTi;  2  styl'ish,  a.    Having  style;  fashion- 
sty 'lo-1,  1  stni'lo-;  2  sty'lo-.    From  Latin  stylus,  stilus,  stake, 

pointed  instrument:  a  combining  form. 
sty'lo-2,  >  1  stai'lo-,  stail-;  2  sty'lo-,  styl-.    From  Greek  stylos, 
styl-,       £  column:  combining  forms. 

sty'lo-graph,  1  stai'lo-graf;  2  sty'lo-graf,  re.     A  pencil* 
like  writing«instrument  having  an  ink=reservoir  from 


Stylograph. 

a,  the  needle-point,  mounted  adjugtaljly  on  the  eliding  yoke  (ft); 
c,  the  ink-well;  d,  the  cap. 

which  ink  is  fed  to  a  tubular  writing=point.  [  <  stylo-1 
-I-  -graph.]  stylographlc  pent. — sty"lo-graph'le,  a. 
sty'lo-graph'l-calt.— sty-log 'ra-phy,    re.      The   art    or 

process  of  writing,  engraving,  etc.,  with  a  style,  or  of  writing 
with  a  stylographic  pen. 

sty  Mold,  1  stai'leid:  2  sty'loid,  a.  Resembling  a  style  or  peg; 
styliform.    [<  stylo-1  +  Gr.  eidos,  form.] 

sty-lom  'e-ter,  1  stai-lem'i-tar;  2  sty-Iom'e-ter,  n.  An  instru- 
ment for  measuring  columns.    [  <  stylo-2  +  -meter.] 

sty  'lus,  1  stxii'lus;  2  sty'lus,  re.  [sty'li  or  sty'lus-es,  pi.)  1.  A 
sharp=pointed  instrument  for  manifolding  by  means  of  car- 
bon«paper.    2.  Same  as  style'.  7.    [L.,  stake.] 

sty'mie,  1  stai'mi;  2  sty'mi.  Golf.  I.vt.  [sty'mied;  sty'- 
my-ing.]  To  impede  (an  opponent)  by  a  stymie.  II.  n. 
A  condition  obtaining  when  an  opponent's  ball  lies  in 
the  line  of  the  player's  put  on  the  green,    sti'myj:. 

styntet,  v.  &  re.    Same  as  stint. 

styp'tic,  1  stip'tik;  2  styp'tic.  I.  a.  Causing  contraction 
of  living  tissues,  as  blood* vessels;  preventing  hemor- 
rhage, styp'ti-calj.  II.  re.  A  substance  or  agent  that, 
applied  locally,  arrests  bleeding.  [  <  Gr.L+F  styptikos,  < 
slyphO,  contract.] — styp-tlc'l-ty,  re. 

Styr'i-a,  1  stir'i-a;  2  styr'i-a,  re.  A  province  in  Austria:  8,670 
sq.  m.;  pop.  1,444.200. 

Styx,  1  stiks;  2  styks,  n.  Class.  Myth.  A  river  of  the  lower 
regions  over  which  the  shades  were  ferried  by  Charon  on 
their  way  to  the  abode  of  the  dead. 

Su.,  Sun.,  Sund.,  abbr.    Sunday.  [process. 

su'a-bl(ep,  1  siu'a-bl;  2  su'a-bl,  a.    Legally  subject  to  civil 

sua'sion,  1  swe'jan;  2  swa'zhon,  re.  The  act  of  persuad- 
ing; persuasion:  archaic  except  in  the  phrase  moral 
suasion.     [OF.,   <  L.  suasio(n-),    <  suadeo,  persuade, 

<  suavis,  sweet.] — sua'slv(e8,  a.    Persuasive. 

suave,  1  swev  or  swnv;  2  swav  or  swav,  a.  Smooth  and 
pleasant  in  manner;  bland;  gracious.  [F.,  <  L.  suavis, 
sweet.]— suave'ly,  adv. — suav'l-ty,  re.  [-ties2,  pi.}  1. 
The  state  of  being  suave:  urbanity.  2.  Something  that  is 
suave,  bland,  or  agreeable.    [<  F.  suavite,  <  L.  suamta<J-)s, 

<  suavis,  sweet.]  Syn.:  see  politeness. 

sub,  1  sub;  2  sub,  re.  (Colloq.)  1.  One  who  takes  the  place  of 
an  absentee;  a  substitute.     2.  A  subordinate  or  subaltern. 

[Abbr.  Of  SUBALTERN,  SUBORDINATE.] 

sub-,  prefix.  1.  Under;  from  under.  2.Chem.  Less  than 
normal,  as  a  basic  compound;  as,  sretaeetate  of  lead  (a 
basic  acetate  of  lead).  Before  c,  /,  g,  m,  p,  r,  sub-  becomes 
usually  sue-,  su/-,  sug-,  sum-,  sup-,  sut-,  and  In  other  cases 
it  appears  as  subs-,  sus-,  or  su-.  [  <  L.  sub-,  <  sub.  under  1 
A  larg,:  number  of  words  beginning  with  sub-  are  self- 
explaining,  as  those  in  the  following  list,  where  the  force  trf 
the  prefix  la  Indicated  by  .signs  as  follows:  (I)  In  the  words 
marked  *  sub-  signifies  'somewhat,'  'slightly,'  'not  quite,' 
'Imperfectly,'  'nearly';  as,  jwftacldulous,  somewhat  acidu- 
lous: suAvertlcal.  not  quite  vertical.  (2)  In  the  words 
marked  **  It  has  the  sense  of  'subordinate.'  'secondary,' 
'Inferior,'  'lower  In  position,  grade,  or  rank,'  'produced  by 
subdivision';  as.  .vuftcommlllee,  a  lower  committee;  sub- 
prefect,  a  prefect  of  secondary  rank;  gu&zone,  a  division  of 
a  zone.  Words  with  the  prefix  sub-  requiring  definition  are 
in  vocabulary  places. 

sub'ab-dom'l-nal**  sub-ac'rld*  sub-a'gent** 

Bub-ac'e-tate*  sub'a-cu'ml-nate*    sub-an'gu-lar* 

sub-ae'ld*  sub"a-cute'*  sub'as-so'cl-a'- 

suh"a-cld'u-lous*      sub-a'cen-cv**  Hon*' 


sub'as-trln'gent*      sub'con-trac'tor**    sub"lleu-ten'ant»* 
sub-at'om**  sub-con'tra-ry*         sub'me-tal'llc* 

sub'a-tom'ic**  sub-con'vex*  sub-o'val* 

sub"cal-ca're-ous*     sub-del'e-gated**.  v.  sub-par'al-lel* 
sub-car'bu-ret"ed*        &  n.  sub-pri'or** 

sub"ce-les'tlal**        sub'de-part'ment**  sub-spe'eies" 
sub-cir'cu-lar*  sub-der'mal**  sub'sur"face** 

sub'class"**  sub-dis'trict**  sub'ten"an-cy** 

sub"co-lum'nar**      sub'ed"i-tor**  sub'ten'ant** 

sub"com-mis'sion**  sub-ed"i-to'ri-al**     sub"ter-res'trl-al** 
sub"com-mit'tee**    sub-en'try**  sub'trtle** 

sub-con'cave*  sub-gla'cial**  sub-trop'ic* 

sub"con-choi'dal*      sub'head**  sub-trop'i-cal* 

sub-eon'i-cal*  sub'head"ing**  sub-trop'ics* 

sub'con-tract'11**,!;.  sub-lease'**,  v.  &  n.  sub"va-rl'e-ty* 
sub'con'tract**,  re.    sub"les-see'**  sub-ver'ti-cal* 

sub"con-tract'ed**    sub-les'sor**  sub'work'er** 

sub.,  abbr.    Subject,  substitute,  suburb,  suburban. 

sub"a-e'rl-al,  1  sub"e-I'n-al;  2  sub"a-e'ri-al,  a.  Geol.  Of,  per- 
taining to,  or  formed  at  the  earth's  surface,  in  open  air:  con- 
trasted with  aerial,  submarine,  and  subterranean. 

sub-al'tern,  1  sub-el'tarn;  2  sub-al'tern.  I.  a.  Of  in- 
ferior rank  or  position;  subordinate.  II.  n.  1.  A  person 
of  subordinate  rank  or  position;  especially,  a  military 
officer  ranking  below  a  captain.  2.  Logic.  A  specific 
class  as  included  under  a  general  one,  or  a  particular 
statement  as  deducible  from  a  universal  one.  [  < 
L.LL+F  sub,  under,  +  alternus,  alternate.] 

sub"al-ter'nant,  1  sub"al-t0r'nant;  2  sub"al-ter'nant.  Logic. 
I.  a.  Universal,  as  opposed  to  particular.  II.  n.  A  univer- 
sal proposition  in  its  relation  to  the  particular  proposition 
containing  the  same  terms.    sub"al-ter'nanst. 

sub"al-ter'nate,  1  sub'al-tur'nit;  2  sub"al-ter'nat.  I.  a.  1 
Subordinate;  subaltern.  2.  Successive,  or  succeeding  by 
turns.  II.  n.  Logic.  A  particular  as  opposed  to  a  uni- 
versal proposition. — sub-al"ter-na'tlon,  n.    A  succession. 

sub-a'que-ous,  1  sub-e'kwi-us;  2  sub-a'kwe-tis,  a.  1, 
Being,  formed,  or  operating  under  water.  2.  Having  an 
appearance  like  that  produced  under  water. 

sub'base"1, 1  sub'bes":2  sub'bas",  n.  Arch.  The  lowest  mem- 
ber of  a  base.    [  <  sub-  +  base,  n.] 

sub'bass",  1  sub'bes";  2  sub'bas",  n.  In  an  organ,  a  16-foot  or 
32=foot  pedaUstop.     [<  sub-  +  bass2,  n.]    sub'base"2!. 

sub-con  'scious,  1  sub-ken'sTius;  2  sub-con'shus,  a.  1. 
Only  dimly  conscious;  lacking  intellectual  clearness.  2. 
Denoting  such  processes  as  seem  to  have  psychical  char- 
acteristics but  are  not  attended  by  consciousness. — 
sub-eon 'scious-ly,  adv. — sub-con 'sclous-ness,  n. 

SUb"cu-ta'ne-ous,  a.  Situated,  found,  or  applied  be- 
neath the  skin;  hypodermic. 

sub'dea"con,  1  sub'dTkn;  2  sub'de"en,  n.  R.  C.  &  Gr.  Chs. 
A  member  of  the  order  of  the  ministry  next  below  that  of 
deacon,  who  assists  at  the  eucharist.  [  <  LL.  subdiaconus. 
<  L.  sub,  und^r;  and  see  deacon.] 

sub'dean",  1  sub'din";  2  sub'den",  n.  An  assistant  or  substi- 
tute dean.  [<  LL.  subdecanus,  <  L.  sub,  under;  and  see 
dean,  re.] — sub'dean"er-y,  re.    The  office  of  a  subdean. 

sub"di-vide'd,  vt.  &  vi.  To  divide  a  part  resulting  from 
the  previous  division  of;  divide  again.  —  sub"di-vl'- 
sion,  n.    Division  following  upon  division.    Syn.:  see  part. 

sub-dom'l-nant,  1  sub-dom'i-nant;2sub-d6m'i-nant,  n.  M  us. 
The  tone  next  below  the  dominant;  fourth  note  of  the  scale. 

sub-duce',  )1  sub-dius',  -dukt';  2  sub-diie',  -duct',  vt. 

sub-duct',  )  [-duced;  -duc'ing.]  1.  To  withdraw;  take 
away.  2.  To  take  as  a  part  from  a  whole;  subtract.  [< 
L.  sub,  under,  +  duco,  lead.]— sub-duc'tlon,  n. 

sub-due',  1  sub-diu';  2  siib-du',  vt.  [sub-dued';  sub-du'- 
inq.]  1.  To  obtain  dominion  over,  as  by  war  or  force; 
subjugate.  2.  To  render  mild;  tame.  3.  To  overcome 
by  industrial  power  or  skill;  cause  to  become  valuable, 
as  land  by  cultivation;  extirpate,  as  weeds.  4.  To  lone 
down;  soften:  commonly  in  the  past  participle.  |  < 
L.OF  sub,  under,  +  duco,  lead.]  Syn.:  bejit,  break,  bridle, 
conquer,  control,  crush,  master,  overbear,  overcome.  0V6I 
power,  overwhelm,  reduce,  repress,  subject,  suppress,  train. 
vanquish,  See  chasten;  conquer;  repress.-  sub-du'er,«. 

sub-e'qnal,  1  snb-I'kwol;  2  sub-e'kwal.  a.  1.  Approximately 
equal.  '*.  I  H  such  a  magnitude  that  no  one  equals  the  suni  of 
any  two  01  the  Others:  said  of  the  numbers  In  a  group. 

BU'ber,  1  slfl'bar;  2  sfi'ber,  n.  Bot.  Cork,  [l|  sii-her'lo,  a. 
i  >f  or  derived  from  cork.  lone  or  more  genera. 

sub'fam"i-ly,  ii.    Biol.   A  primary  division  of  a  family  of 

stlb'KC'"llUS,  n.  Biol.  A  primary  subdivision  of  a  genus, 
including  one  or  more  .species  wit  b  C0QUH0n  characters 

Kll'bl-to,  1  sfl'bl-to;  2  BU'bl-tfi,  adv.    MVS.    Suddenly.     [It.] 

BUbJ.i  0667".    Subject,  subjective,  subjunctive. 

sub-Ja'cciil,  1  sub-jS'sent; 2  sfib-j&'eSnt,  a.  t.  Situated 
underneath.     2.  Being  at  a  lower  elevation,     8.  Alg 

Written  under  a  symbol.     [  <  L.  subjacen(t-)s,  ppr.  of 
SUbjacii),  -    sub,  under,    I  sub-Ja'cen-ry,  re. 

SUb-Ject''1,  1  sub-jekt';  2  sub-jeet',  vt.  I.  To  make  sub- 
ject to  some  action  or  agent .     2.  To  expose  to  the  opera- 


s||  ll  |ii   1 

Ndllsl    It    Hit' 


.       ■  ■        i        i  ii      ii        ii    •  fan; 

,  ,  i  i        i  I  •  ill  I  , r,   won,     <  >H 

ilignih  aupronu  i\ .  b< 
subliinuti  'I 


I  v 


tub  I. 


t 


i 


■  Ub-  |i  .    II. .11. 

I.    •     mti   under  lli.' 

■ 

t 

ible,  uli- 
ntnpt,  free,  su- 

.    ■ . 

rning  powei 

My  ..I  n 

il    ll      1*     l'||l|'l 

i     \  i.,..i>  for 
i  in  in  pnut Ic  oxperl- 
■ 
night  or  the  artistic  oon- 
l     \  i  beme  ol  considera- 
or  plan  ol  an  artistic 
i  be  noun,  phrase,  olauae,  or 
en  aiiuiit .  thai  about 
I 
.ii. .ii  is  made  in  the  mind. 

;    il  '11    Of    Mil    e\- 

.-..  ego  or  sell  re- 

icious  acti  vil 

■  I  li.ir  possessor,  origin,  ur 

;    •    underlying  entity  or  Bubetance  to 

.-    -  muni  I'"  referred; 

.1  ..r   iiiiihI      Sin.:   Bee    I. in.        subject 

in  ii    i.  r.  itJon. 

sab-Jec'tli  e*i  1  -  ib-iek'tiv;28Qb-j8e'tiv,o.  1.  Relating 

the  ego;  j >r.  •«•<  eding  from 

i  .'In  n  tin-  thinking  subject:  opposed  to 

'!.  In  literature  and  art,  «i \i n tr  prominence  to 

og  ..i  In-  ..u ii  experience. 

Syn_*  objt-.  ■  •  aj  nonyms  In 

but   •  .lew.   being,   fur  the   most    part,   strictly 

■  latlng  to  ttic  object  nf  iiii-ii- 
talstal  Uie  perceiving  mind; 
In  br  i7in  relates  to  some- 
thing within  the  mind,  ■                      imetnlng  withe 

irrta'n.  as  a  mass  of  a  certain  -i/.e.  contour,  color,  etc.,  Is 

anf'.  Ion  our  mind  receives,  the  men- 

i  of  1  be  in. >imt :tin.  Is  But  this 

If  tin.  object  of  thought 

d  we  compare  our  menial 
Kintam  hum  our  Ides  ..f  ■  plain  or  river.  The 

SI  of  tli.  grief,   hope.   fear,  are 

experiences, 
eavement,  disappointment,  are  objective. 

■  Ive  different   tubjeethx    Im- 

fact,  that  n  blch  to 
not  her  a  cause  ol  fear,  etc.     The 
u  hen  it  derives  Its  materi- 
als mainly  hi  ward  external  objects;  It  is 

-  from  or  con- 
stant te  personal  experienceof  theauthor, 
-ly,  -o.--.        »iih"jee-ti\ 'i-tj,  n. 

-lib-jolll '.  I  Id  at  tin-  end; 

..  aiBt.    Syti  -ub-Junc'tlon,  n.    The  act 

aed 

«ub'ju-Katf,  1   roViu-get;  2  -ub'jy-gat,  r(.     [-cat"edj; 

-.\r*i.N..j  conquer.     (<   L. 

onquxb;  subdue. — 

-ub'Ju-ga'tloii.  n      suirju-Ka"tor,  n 

-lib-June 'I iv  •    .  junk'tiv;  2   sub-junc'tiv.     I.  a. 

Of  or  pertaining  to  that  mode  of  tie-  finite  verb 

lUOtful  or  conditional  a-- 

II-  I  ■    mode,  or  a  verb  form  of  this 

join  j 

-ii.>'kliig"i|oiii,   i    •'ib'kln'di.m;   2  suh'klng'dom.  n.  '  A  prl- 

mar  ile  kingdom, 

-nb-b-t ',  i  rubordi- 

•  d  property 
-nirii-iii.ii« .  i.        i-mat"- 

ki/1;  -\nr"iso  J    1.    '  ■  from  a  solid  to 

lolidiry  again  by  cooling, 
iguratrvely,  to  free  from  sublimation; 

II.  ..  refined.     III.  n. 

product  of  sublimation,  espi  dally  when  re- 
purified  by  the  proa  <  L 

-lib  'li-lil  i  '- 
Hon.    n       I.    1  hi  '!.   That 

•if  a  t hint'. 
sub-Mine',  1  sub-laim';  2  sub-lim',  t>  -t  imed'; 


(call 
pure 


-i  ii  i  im  i\..  |     I.   |..  .  Ii  \  all 

I  .    .  ,   i .. 

-iih-liine  .  i.  i  ;, ,.  ,.  i.  i i/. . I  i.\    lublimity;  grand; 

in.  nl   I billtj   ill  i  liai.u  I al 

i  ii  ii  i :  I  of  ] 'I-  Being 

ol  the  liiitlu  M'n  oir.  utmost     4.  [Poet  |   >  1 1 

i  M  loll  h  luglit)  .  proud  •">.     inat 

I  \  int;  in  a i  t  In-  surface;  supi  1 1"  ial    ti  .  Exalted;  lofty 

loftj  ]     -l).   i"      iub-lim'1-ty,  n 

Ii  oi  .plain  i  "f  being  sublime    lab* 

inn   in--  .     g,  Dun  which  la  sublime;  the  some 
Sin.:  beautiful,  exalted,  grand,  i"fi\.  magnificent,  i 

wiiii  ■ i-  writers  the  tubllmi  Is  contrasted 

with  lutlful;  but  ll  is  more  gener- 

ally i .  ii.  ..(  tin  in. i  be  beau) Iful 

The  beautiful  attracts  without  repelling;  whereas  the  <■'• 
ttmi  ai  "ii"-  ii.. i  -  both     U  ippllosto  thai  whli  b 

upon  the  mind  an  Impression,  as  ol  the  presence  and  bear 
lag  "f  ii  might}  sovereign.  Magnificent  denotes  the  posses 
sii.ii  ai  urn.  splendor,  and  richness,  us.  mas- 

[array;  a  magnificent  sunset    See  grand,     Ant.  ba.se. 
mlflcant,  little,  mean,  petty,  ridiculous, 
siiii-llim  '.  n      l  bat  which  is  sublime,  in  anj  sense:  usu- 
ally with  1 1"-  definite  ai  tide. 
siii>-iiiii  i-n  ii.  i   ,ni.  iim'i  ii. ii.  :.•  mil  nin'i  nil,  'i     Belonging 
died  the  subliminal  self,  operating  below  the 
threshold  of  consciousness  [<   si  B-  |  L.limen(limin  i.dooi  | 
-nii-iio 'mi  il,  l  sob  ttb-lin'gwal,  a.  Anal.  1.  Situ- 

ated beneath  the  tongue.  ■».  <  if  or  pertaining  i"  a  aallvan 
gland  situated  beneath  the  tongue,  called  the  sublingual 
gland.  i    tub,  under,   •  lingua,  \*<< 

sub  iil-na-rj  ,  1  soli'liu-in-n  ;  2  -uli'lu-na-ry,  n.  1.  Situ- 
ated beneath  tin-  moon,    suh-lu 'n:ir J.    2.  Terrestrial 

|<  BUB-    •     I.,  tuna,  moon.l 

siib"m;i-rllM'\  1  siili"in,i-rin';  2  srili"ma-rin'.  I.  vt.  &  vi. 
I  ink  b  oi  ''■  sunk  by  attack  of  an  armed  submarine. 
II.  Existing,  i lone,  or  operating  beneath  tin-  Burface 
ni  the  sea.  Ill-  n.  A  submarine  boat— submarine 
armor,  the  heavy  water»tight  covering  worn  by  d 

s.  boataaboal  that  ma]  be  submerged  by  letting  water 
iiiin  its  tanks  or  by  horizontal  rudders,  and  then  propelled 
underwater,  for  the  purpose  of  firing  torpedoes,  eto,  s.  con- 
tact mine,  a  metal  case,  containing  an  explosive  charge 
and  ileioiiat Ing  apparatus,  anchored  by  weights. 

siib-ma\ 'll-la-ry,  1  sui.-maks'i-le-n:  2  sub-maks'l-la-ry. 
Anal.  1.  '/.  l.  i  >f.  pertaining  to,  or  situated  beneath  the 
lower  Jaw.  2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  submaxillar)  gland, 
one  of  the  salivary  glands  situated  near  the  angle  of  the 

lower  jaw.    II.  n.    [-RIBS',  pi.)    The  lower  Jaw-bone.    [<L. 

sub,  under,  -f  maillln.  Jaw-bone.] 
sub-me'dl-ant,  1  BUb-ml'di-ant;  2  sub-rae'dl-ant,  n.  Mus. 

The  sixth  of  a  scale.    [<sun-  ,  between.] 

sub-merge',  1  Bub-muTJ';2sfib-m5rg/,  vt.  [sub-merged'; 

III  in. 'inc. [  To  place,  plunge,  or  lie  under  water; 
inundate;  drown;  be  hidden  or  buried.  [<  L.F  sub- 
mergo,  <  sub,  under.  |  mergo,  dip.]  sub-merse't.  Syn.: 
see  immkiisk;  im'.ndatk.  -su b-mer 'gence,  n.  sub-mer'- 
llont-  sub-merK'l-ble.  I.  a.  Capable  of  being  sub- 
merged.  II.  n.  A  submarine  boat  proper;  one  capable  of 
complete  submersion,  suh-mcrsed',  a.  Crowing  under 
wilier,  sub-mers'l-blc.  I.  a.  That  may  be  submerged. 
II.  /I.  A  submarine  boat  capable  of  partial  submersion. 
Sllb-llllt',  1  sob-mit';  2  si'ib-mit',  r.    I.  t .     [sih-mm 

siii-mi  i'i  im;.J  1.  To  give  up  to  another;  yield:  com- 
monly with  the  reflexive  pronoun,  2.  To  present  foi 
the  judgment  or  decision  "f  another:  specif.,  in  law,  to 

present  (a  matter)  before  a  tribunal  for  its  decision.  3. 
TO  pre-. -nt   as  one's  own  opinion  or   statement.      II.  i. 

1.  To  yield  to  authority  or  power;  succumb;  surrender. 
•;.  |. .  !,,     ulimissive.  |-  under,  +  witWo,  send..] 

Syn.:  see  bend;  defer;  endure;  obey,    sub-mls'slon,  h. 

I.  The  act  of  submitting;  obedience.     2.  The  state  or  quality 

of  being  Submissive;  humility;  meekness.  S|.  Acknowledg- 
ment of  error.  4.  Lau  The  act  "f  referring,  or  the  agree- 
ment to  refer..-!  matter  of  controversy  to  arbitration.  Syn.: 
patience,  subjection,  submlssiveness,    see  patience. 

sub-mls'slt  es,  a  Willing  or  Inclined  to  submit;  yield- 
ing; obedient;  docile.  Syn.:  see  docile;  humble;  OB8B- 
quious;  passive;  supple  sub-mlss'l  [Archaic].— sub- 
mls'sh  e-l>-,  ode.  sul>-mls'slv(e-ness-,  q 
-iib-iniiril-ple.  1  siib-mnrti-pl;  2  sflb-mul'tt-pl,  n.  Math.  A 
Dumber  or  quantity  ol  which  another  is  a  multiple. 

-ub-nor'm.ll.  1    -ub  iinr'iii.il;  2  sfib-nor'mal.     I.  a.     1.  Below 

the  normal    2.  Abnormal,    t.  Math.  Cut  off  by  the  normal. 

II.  n.  Math.  That  portion  of  the  axis  Of  a  curve  included 
between  the  ordinate  Of  one  of  its  points  and  the  normal  to 
that  point       sul»"nor-m:tri-ty,  n. 

sub-or'iler,  l  sub-Br'dsr;  2  sflb-or'der,  n.  1.  Bot.  &  Zool.  A 
primary  division  of  an  order,  'i.  Arch.  A  subordinate  order 
modifying  the  principal  order,  generally  for  decoration. 

sub-or'di-natf,  1  Bub-eVdl-nSt;  2  sub-or'di-nilt.     I.  vt. 


lor  words  not  given  above  see  hcb-,  prefix,  p.  769. 


1:8=  final;    1  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell:    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  sinff;    fhin,   this.  subject 

771    2:wplf,  dfi;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this,    substitute 


[-NAT"EDd;  -nat"ing.]  1.  To  make  subordinate;  assign 
to  a  lower  order  or  rank;  hence,  to  hold  as  of  less  impor- 
tance. 2.  To  make  subject  or  subservient.  II.  1  sub- 
er'di-mt;  2  sub-or'di-nat,  a.  1.  Belonging  to  an  inferior 
order  in  a  classification;  secondary;  minor.  2.  Subject 
or  subservient  to  another;  hence,  inferior  in  any  way. 
III.  n.  One  who  is  subordinate;  an  inferior  in  rank  or 
official  position.  [  <  L.LL  sub,  under,  +  ordo,  order.] 
Syn.:  (adjective)  see  auxiliary;  subject,  -ly,  adv.  -ness, 
n. — sub-or"di-na'tlon,  n.    sub-or'di-na-cyt. 

SUD-orn',  1  sub-era';  2  sub-orn',  vt.  1.  Law.  To  induce 
or  procure  to  commit  perjury.  2.  To  incite  or  insti- 
gate to  an  evil  act,  especially  a  criminal  act.  3.  To 
procure  or  effect  by  instigation.  4f/.  To  decorate  or 
adorn.  [  <  L.F  suborno,  equip,  <  sub,  under,  +  orno, 
furnish.] — sub"or-na'tion,  n. — sub-orn'er,  n. 

sub-pe'na,  1  sub-pi'na;  2  siib-pe'na.  I.  vt.  Law.  To 
notify  by  writ  or  subpena.  II.  n.  Law.  A  judicial  writ 
requiring  a  person  to  appear  at  a  specified  time  and 
place  under  penalty  for  default.  [  <  L.  sub,  under,  + 
poena,  penalty.)    sub-pce'nat. 

sub-pre'fect,  1  sub-pri'fekt;  2  sub-pre'fect,  n.  A  subordinate 
prefect;  in  France,  the  administrative  officer  of  an  arron- 
dissement. — sub-pre'fec-ture,  n. 

sub'ro-gate,  1  sub'ro-get;  2  sub'ro-gat,  vt.  [-gat"ed;  -gain- 
ing.] Law.  To  substitute  (one  person)  for  another  in  the 
attribution  or  assignment  of  rights.  [<  L.  subrogatus,  sub- 
stituted.]— sub"ro-ga'tlon,  n. 

sub  ro'sa,  1  sub  ro'za;  2  sub  ro'sa.  [L.]  In  strict  confidence; 
privately;  literally,  under  the  rose:  because,  in  Egypt,  the 
rose  was  the  emblem  of  Horus,  the  god  of  silence. 

sub-scribe',  1  sub-skraib';  2  sfib-serlb',  v.  [sub-scribed'; 
sub-scrib'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  write,  as  a  name,  under- 
neath a  document.  2.  To  write  or  inscribe  something, 
as  a  name,  below  or  underneath.  (1)  To  sign  with  one's 
own  name.  (2)  To  promise  to  pay  by  writing  one's 
name  beneath  a  written  or  printed  pledge;  loosely,  to 
promise  in  any  way  to  contribute.  3f.  To  sign  away; 
surrender.  II.  i.  1.  To  write  one's  name  at  the  end  of 
a  letter  or  other  document  in  acknowledgment  of  being 
the  author  or  writer  of  it.  2.  To  engage  oneself,  or  to 
give  one's  formal  consent,  by  signing  any  pledge,  con- 
tract, etc. ;  figuratively,  to  give  one's  assent  or  consent. 
3.  To  pledge  oneself,  especially  by  writing,  to  pay  a 
required  sum  of  money  or  to  take  a  periodical  or  a  book. 
4f.  To  yield;  submit.  [<  L.  sub,  under,  +  scribo, 
write.]  Syn.:  see  assent. — sub-scrlb'er,  n. — sub'script, 
a.  &  n.  Gr.  Gram.  Written  beneath,  as  the  letter  iota. — 
sub-scrip'tlon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  subscribing.  2.  That 
which  is  subscribed.  Particularly:  (1)  The  matter  under 
which  one's  name  is  written,  or  the  paper  containing  it.  (2) 
A  signature  written  at  the  end  of  a  document.  (3)  A  signed 
acceptance  of  religious  articles.  (4)  The  individual  or  total 
sum  or  number  subscribed  for  any  purpose.  (5)  A  formal 
agreement  or  undertaking,  as  evinced  by  the  signature.  3t. 
Submission;  obedience. 

subsect.,  abbr.    Subsection. 

sub'se-quent,  1  sub'si-kwent;  2  siib'se-kwSnt,  a.  Fol- 
lowing in  time,  place,  or  order,  or  as  a  result;  succeeding; 
consequent.  [  <  L.  sub,  after,  +  sequor,  follow.]  -ly, 
adv.— sub'se-quence,  n.    sub'se-quen-oyt. 

sub-serve', )  1  sub-surv';  2  sub-serv',  vt.  &  vi.    To  serve 

sub-serv's,  J  subordinately;  minister  to;  help  on. 
Syn.:  see  serve.— sub-ser'vi-ent.  I.  a.  1.  Adapted  to 
promote  some  end  or  purpose;  being  of  service.  2.  Hence, 
acting  in  the  interests  of  another;  obsequious;  truckling. 
II.  n.  One  who  or  that  which  subserves.  Syn.:  see  base. — 
sub-ser'vl-ent-ly,  adv. — sub-ser'vl-ent-ness,  n. — sub- 
ser'vl-en-cy,  n.    sub-ser'vl-encet. 

sub-side',  1  sub-said';  2  sub-sid',  vi.  [suB-siD'EDd;  sub- 
siding.] 1.  To  cease  from  storm  and  agitation  or  from 
turbulent  passion;  quiet  down;  abate;  cease.  2.  To 
sink  to  a  lower  level,  as  a  fluid  or  a  collapsing  mass.  3. 
To  settle,  or  sink  to  the  bottom,  as  sediment.  [  <  L. 
subside  <  sub,  under,  +  sedeo,  sit.)  Syn.:  see  abate;  fall. 
— sub-sl'dcnce,  n. 

sub-sid 'i-a-ry,  1  sub-sid'i-e-n;  2  sub-sld'i-ft-ry.  I.  a.  1. 
Assisting  in  an  inferior  capacity;  supplementary;  auxil- 
iary. 2.  Of  or  like  a  subsidy.  II.  n.  (-riesz,  pi.]  One 
who  or  that  which  furnishes  supplemental  aid  or  sup- 
plies; an  auxiliary;  assistant.  |<  I.,  sitbsidiarius,  < 
subside;  see  subside.]— sub-sl<l'l-a-ri-ly,  adv. 

suh'si-dy,  1  sub'si-di;  2  sfib'si-dy,  n.  [-DiBsf,  ol.\  Pecu- 
niary aid  granted  by  a  government  to  .'m  individual  or 

commercial  enterpriser;  money  furnished  by  one  nation 
to  another  to  aid  it  in  war  against  a  third;  formerly,  in 
England,  a  special  aid  or  tax  in  emergencies,  granted  to 
the  King.  [ <  L.  subsidium,  <  sub,  under,  -I  sedeo,  sit.] 
Syn.:  aid,  allowance,  bonus,  bounty,  gift,  grant.  Indem- 
nity, pension,  premium,  reward,  support,,  subvention,  trlb- 


SubsolUplow. 

flaDge  for  lifting-  the  soil; 


rir&ft. 


ute.  A  nation  grants  a  subsidy  to  an  ally,  pays  a  tribute 
to  a  conqueror.  An  indemnity  is  in  the  nature  of  things  lim- 
ited and  temporary,  while  a  tribute  might  be  exacted  indef- 
initely. A  nation  may  also  grant  a  subsidy  to  its  own  citizens 
as  a  means  of  promoting  the  public  welfare;  as,  a  subsidy  to  a 
steamship  company.  The  somewhat  rare  term  subvention 
is  especially  applied  to  a  grant  of  governmental  aid  to  a 
literary  or  artistic  enterprise.  Governmental  aid  to  a  com- 
mercial or  industrial  enterprise  other  than  a  transportation 
company  is  more  frequently  called  a  bounty  than  a  subsidy; 
as,  the  sugar  bounty.  The  word  bounty  may  be  applied  to 
almost  any  regular  or  stipulated  allowance  by  a  government 
to  a  citizen  or  citizens;  as,  a  bounty  for  enlisting  in  the  army; 
a  bounty  for  killing  wolves.  A  bounty  is  offered  for  some- 
thing to  be  done;  a  pension  Is  granted  for  something  that 
has  been  done. — sub'Sl-dlze,  rt.  [-dized;  -diz"ing.]  To  fur- 
nish with  a  subsidy,     sub'sl-diset. 

sub-sist'd,  1  sub-sist';  2  sub-slst',  v.  I.  t.  To  provide 
with  sustenance;  support.  II.  i.  1.  To  be  furnished 
with  sustenance;  live.  2.  To  exist  in  or  by  something; 
inhere.  3.  To  remain  in  existence  or  in  the  former  state 
of  existence ;  continue.  4.  To  have  a  continued  indepen- 
dent existence;  exist.  [  <  L.F  subsisto,  <  sub,  under,  4- 
sisto.  stand.]  Syn.:  see  live.— sub-sls'tence,  n.  1.  The 
act  of  subsisting;  also,  that  on  which  one  subsists;  suste- 
nance. 2.  The  state  of  being  subsistent;  inherent  quality. 
3.  That  which  subsists;  real  being,  sub-sis 'teu-cy$. — 
sub-sis'tent,  a.  1.  That  subsists  or  is  inherent.  2.  Ex- 
isting;  having  real  being  or  action.— sub-slst'er,  n. 

sub'soil",  1  sub'seil";  2  sub'soil".  I.  vt.  To  turn  up  the 
subsoil  of;  plow  with  a  sub- 
soil=plow.  II.  n.  The  stra- 
tum of  earth  next  beneath 
the  surface  soil.—  sub'soil* 
plow",  n.  A  plow  specially 
designed  for  loosening  or 
turning  up  the  subsoil. 
sub  'soil"erJ. 

subst.,  abbr.    Substantive,  sub- 
stitute, i 

sub 'stance,  1  sub'stsns;  2 
siib'stanc,  n.  1.  The  mate- 
rial of  which  anything  is  made  or  constituted.  2.  The 
essential  part  of  anything  said  or  written  put  into  a  brief, 
condensed  statement.  3.  The  elemental  part  of  that 
which  is  immaterial;  the  vital  part  of  that  which  is  spir- 
itual or  emotional.  4.  Material  possessions;  wealth; 
property.  5.  That  which  gives  stability  or  solidity;  con- 
fidence, as  faith.  6.  Philos.  That  which  exists  by  itself 
and  is  figuratively  conceived  of  as  the  "bearer"  of  the 
attributes,  or  the  unchanging  "subject"  in  which  the 
qualities  and  accidents  inhere,  or  as  the  permanent 
cause  of  the  phenomena.  [F.,  <  L.  substantia,  <  sub, 
under,  +  sto,  stand.]  Syn.:  see  mass. — sub-stan'tial.  I.  a. 
Of  real  worth  and  Importance;  solid;  strong;  valuable;  con- 
siderable and  sure.  2.  Possessed  of  wealth  or  sufficient 
means;  responsible.  3.  Of  or  pertaining  to  substance;  hav- 
ing real  existence;  actual;  permanent;  lasting.  4.  Contain- 
ing or  conforming  to  the  essence  of  a  thing;  giving  the  correct 
idea;  essential;  material;  fundamental.  II.  n.  1.  That 
which  has  substance;  a  reality.  2.  The  more  Important  part. 
— sub-stan"ti-al'l-ty,  n.  sub-stan'tlal-iiesst. — sub- 
stan'tlal-ly,  adv.— sub-stan'ti-ate,  rt.  [-at'ed'I;  -at"- 
ing.]  1.  To  establish,  as  a  position  or  a  truth,  bv  substan- 
tial evidence;  verify.  2||.  To  set  forth  in  or  as  In  substance; 
embody.  Syn.:  see  confirm;  ratify. — sub-stan"tl-a'- 
i  ion,  // 

sub'stan-tive,  1  1  sub'sten-tiv;  2  stib'stan-tiv.    I.  a.    1. 

sub'stan-tivs,  $  Gram.  (1)  Capable  of  being  used  as  a 
noun.  (2)  Expressive  of  or  denoting  existence.  2.  Hav- 
ing substance  or  reality;  hence,  lasting.  3.  Being  an 
essential  part  or  constituent.  4.  Relating  to  what  is 
essential.  5.  Explicitly  expressed.  6.  Having  distinct 
individuality.  7.  independent  in  resources;  self'Sup- 
porting,  as  a  country.  II.  n.  1.  Grain.  (1)  A  noun 
substantive;  noun.  (2)  Anything  used  as  a  noun,  as  a 
verbal  form,  phrase,  or  clause.  2.  One  who  or  that 
which  is  independent.  [<  IX.  substantivus,  <  L.sub- 
stuntia;  see  substanck]  -ly,  adv. — sub'stuii-tlv-al,  '/.  1. 
Oram,  or  or  pertaining  to  a  substantive,  '.'•  SeUVexlstent. 
-ly,  adv.     siib'slan-llv-lze,  vt.     sub'staii-tlvU'HI. 

siih'sti-tnlc,  1  sub'sti-tiut;  2  sub'sti-tOt.    I.  vt,    |-tut"- 

EDd;  -TUt"iNG.J     1.  To  put  in  the  place  of  another  person 

or  thing.  2.  ('him.  To  exchange  or  replace  by  substi- 
tution. 3f.  To  depute;  appoint,  II.  n.  One  who  or 
that  which  takes  the  place  or  serves  in  lieu  of  another; 

Specifically,  one  who  is  hired  to  take  the  place  of  a  man 

drafted  into  military  service.     I  <   L,  8Mb,  under,     I 

StatUO,  cans,  of  sin.  stand  |     Syn.:  see  CHANGE;  DELEGATE. — 

Miii'sti-tute i,  a.     Substituted.    Bub'stl-tufed,   pn. 
Mil)"stl-tu'tloii,  n.    The  act  of  substituting,  or  the  state  of 


For  words  not  given  above  see  sub-,  prefix,  p.  709. 


Mihst  r.ii  urn   i   o  a       \  ]«t'\ :  hit    ,     i        ..  .">    n«t,  Ar;  (nil.  rfii.  .  bvt,  bOrni 

MirKf^dou  •        >  '  •>    ■»         <•  •  ••       I      '•        iii  i  .1     ii    6r,  wta,  771 


;     III    II. M 

,    i  iiiii. 

utv--i  nil 

llll-MIHU 

1 1 1  r  ■  . 

>amp  lion, 
tub-tend    . 


«llt>    l.  r- 
»uh   i,  r 


ruci 


>Uh      -U-lll      II. Ml-    ||| 

-l> . 

■qui.     'I 

siili--tru<    tur-.il. 

.. 

s|lt>-s||lll    .1-1.1    .      .  -lll>- 

-llllip     Ill     .      . 

I  . 

..r  i  In-  side  ol 
'. 

inder,    • 

i.  ii-.    .  o  Uw<  subtends 

-   below  : 

'  nan:  op- 

I'llilt     tO 

ii  hi  :  :i  false 
.   Bee  ] 

-ill.    I.  r-r.i   in  -in.  tii-ati, 

of  I  !>>•  .':irl  Ii ; 

.  beneath,    • 

tub    l.r-r.i  m--.il  •-.     -uli' dr-r.i   ni-iuis ': 

-ill.    i.  r-r.  r, 

. uti'ii-r-r.i  i| u i- 1 hi-.  ith  the  surface  ol  the 

sub"ter-res  '- 
in  the  terrestrial. 
I  ]  1 

lure;  delicately  formed;  ethereal. 
.1  rarity;  rarefied;  refined; 
5.  Subtle,  in  any  sense. 
.   <  nib,  beneath, 

>i.i\  e  been  constantly 
.•I  here  seems  to 
■  '..-m  by  makh 

..f  mind 

'  t  in-  word,  la  used  preferably  when 

nae  of  crafty  Is  to  be  expressed     See  icutk; 


trl-.il. 
Niihlllc, 

-ill.   til. 

an  attr 

- 


•  ub'lll  e-l>-\    :.        sob-tfJI-ty,  n.     The  quality  or 
gtat>  -iih'til  i-iii-- 

-ui.  iii-i-m.  -uirm-i-/ 1  tinii  or  -ration,  n.— 

-uli  lll-l/.  .  tZTNG  I    I.  f .  ibtUe  <>r 

ii  le distinctions,    Bub'- 

oVtoet-     »uh'tn-i>.-  ■'.;'!■',    Refinement  or  nice 

-llli  'ii.  .  I  -  ■ 

-ut   I  .  •■;  wily;  crafl 

•  i      3.  Apt ;  skil- 
i.                                      irt;  ingenious;  clever.    5. 

-ub'tle-ty,  n.    [-tie.-**, 
;iiallty  of  being  siilitlc;  artifice;  cunning. 

-ui.ti.  -ii.  --   .     -nil  tl] .  .'.ii.-  manner. 

iul>-l<ili  'lr.    :         •-•■•-..-.     2  BUD-tOO'lC,     I.  O.    l'h'm.   Sonant. 

II.  n.     I.  J'hnn.  A  subtonlc  sound. 

Je. 

talk-trad     .  trakt';  2  stib-tr&et',  rt.    To  take  away, 

D  from  the  whole,  or  one  quantity  from  an- 

I      ub,  under,   +  traho, 

-nlt-lrn  I  Vr.  n       SOb-trae'tlon,  n.     1.  The 

act  or  process  of  -  .  deducting;,    Z.  Math.  The 

.  Berenceol  two  quanUtlec      10b- 

trar'ih  e   .  : -ivK  to  diminish;  that  Is  to  be 

-ub  ira-hiiid",    1    sur/tre-hend";   2   sttb'tra-heTid*,    n. 

pposi  .1  to  tninttt  nd. 
-uh-tr«-»'sur->,  l  lub-treg'ur-i;  2  BUb-trexh'ur-y,  n. 
pl.\  of  the  United  States,  for  re- 

sub- 
ir-  i  -  i  i  r  -  ••  r .  (Beer  In  charge  ury. 

»ub'urb,  1  '-.  place  adjao 

-iil>-ur'ban,  a.     I 
ln«  to  a  suburb 

■■>    II  III      .  [-VKNKl/;    -VE.S'- 

iffect  a  result.  .-[..- 
•.mg:   intervene.      I  <    F. 

•  ne  ]  - sub-ven'tlon, 
l                   •    .    renlng;  giving  of  succor;  aid.    .' 

which  aids,  especially  a  Kraut,  as  of  money;  subsidy.    Syn.: 
sees'1  »ab-Ten'non-»-ry,  a. 

suh-icrt':,  1  sub-vim';  2  stib-vert',  rf.     To  overthrow 
from  the  very  foundation;  utterly  destroy;  bring  I 
a."  by  moral  or  political  force.     [<  L.*  tub,  under,     - 
terto,  turn.] 


■  • . .  pxilnguUh,  overthrow,  overturn,  sui- 

u|.ii.  -.  tin-  putting  ol  aomolhliui 
-.  i  r.-.i  in  the  place  •  •(  thai 

lull. Ml 

. .  more  often  personal,  signifying  to  ta 

one   is 
by  a  rival      Bee  <i"" 
ism      Aiii  p,  porpotuau 

uphold      lub-ver'slon,  Q 

in  is      lub-ver'sli  i ■  .        [\  idlng  to  subvort;  destructive 
-uii-urt  vr,        tub-verl  'i-  i»i  i    . 
sub  '«.i> ",  :  .  n     I.  \u  artificial  pu 

tr  tl  ol  the  i-i.. mi. I.  spucil  ,  for  t  rnffii  , 

water«  '!.  [U.  8.] 

An  electric  railroad  beneath  i be  itrool 
-in    . .  -ii..  iii-oiis.   i   si.i.'-.i-ii.-'ni-iii,.  ::  sQe'c-e-da'no-Qs,  a 
Pertaining  to  or  ser  oodaneum;  substitutional 

vin"ri--ii.i'iii-iiin,   .        i  m  ■  or  -a,  pi  I    One  wl r  thai 

which  la  -i  substitute  I       icetdimeu  .       ruccerfo;  s.-e 

si  ,  i  \  i  I,  |     sin"rl-d.Viu--iim: . 

siu-i-ei'il'-1. 1  -iii.  i.i.    1. 1.    I.  To  follow  or 

oome  after  in  a  natural  ..r  proper  order;  in-  or  take  place 
immediate!)  after     '!.  To  be  the  sucoi  pecially, 

in  be  the  heir  of,  or  to  occupy  an  official  position  jusl 
after  (another  person),  8t,  To  inherit  II.  i  1.  To 
accomplish  what  is  attempted  or  intended:  iaid  "I  the 
agent.    '!.  To  meel  with  tid  ol  an  action  oi 

tiling     S.  To ■•   nexl  in  order;  follow;  be  an  heir  or 

iften  \mi  h  /".'  as,  Maria  Tl  esdV  d  to 

throne,    4f«  To  descend  in  oourse  of  law;  be 
d;  devolve.    [<  L.* nib,  under,    t  cedo,  go.] 
Syn.:  achieve,  attain,  nourish,  prevail,  prosper,  thrive, 
n  in     To  win  Implies  thai  some  one  loses,  bul  one  m 
where  no  one  falls,     a  solitary  swimmer  nice* 
reaching  the  shore;  if  we  -say  he  wtn*  the  shore  we  co 
him  with  iiim.srif  ;ls  a  possible  loser.    Many  students  may 
'  in  Btudy;  a  few  win  the  special  prizes,  for  which  ail 
compete.     See  follow.    Buc-ceed'er,  n,    Bae-cess',  n 
I.  \  favorable  or  prosperous  course  or  termination  ..r  an 
tiling  attempted;  prosperous  or  advantageous  Issue,    'J-   i 

successful    person    or    affair.      8.    (Archaic    or    (  olloq  |   The 

Issue  or  rouit.  favorable  or  unfavorable.    4t.  Sua 
Synj  see  victory.     Bnc-cess'fali  a.     I.  <  >f  persons,  ob- 
taining   what    one    desires    or    intends;    especially,    having 
reached  a  high  degree  of  worldly  prosperity,     "■!.  Ol  things. 

terminating  In  or  meeting  with  success;  resulting  tavorabl .  i 

BOldOl  B  course  of  action,  etc.     Syn.:  see  &UBPICIOUS;  FOBTI 

-.in    happy.    Bae-cess 'fol-ly,  adv.    Bue-cess'fal-ness, 

suc-ces'slon,  n.  1.  The  act  of  following  In  order,  or 
the  state  of  being  successive;  a  following  consccutlvel  '.'. 
A  group  of  ;  ICCeed  In  order;  seqiieiirc.     :t.  The 

act  or  right  of  legal  or  official  Investment  n  ttha  predi  1 1 
office,  etc.;  also,  the  legal  or  actual  order  of  so 

succeeding.  Syn.;  see  time.  Buc-ce8'8lv(e*,  a.  Following 
In  BUCi  lecutlve     suc-ccs'slon-alt.     suc-ces'- 

sh  c-l>  t,adv,  suc-ccs'sloii-al-ly:.     Buo-ces'Blv(e-nc8SB, 
Buc-cesslees  ,  ./     sue-ces'sor,  n.    One  who  or  tl  lat 
which  follows  In  succession. 

suc-cln'lc,  1  .suk-siii'ik;  2  sQc-cln'lc,  a.  1.  Chem.  Derived 
from  an. her.  'J.  found  In  amber,  as  an  Insect.  [<  L.  suc- 
clnum,  amber.) 

sin  -cinet ',  1  .suk-siijkt';  2  suc-clnct',  a.    1.  Reduced  or 

comprised  within  a  narrow  compass;  terse;  concise.     2. 

m  Supported  by  on  encircling  silken  thread,  as  a 
butterflycnrysalis.  3§.  Encircled  or  held  in  position  by 
or  a.s  by  a  girdle.  |<  I.,  nib,  below,  +  cxngo,  gird  1 
Syn.:  siir-rinct  'ly,  adv. — suc-clnct'ness,  n. 

sin- '<or,  1  suk'ar;  2  siic'or.  I.  vt.  To  ro  to  the  aid  of; 
help.  II.  /i.  1.  Help  or  relief  rendered  in  danger,  diffi- 
culty, or  distress.  '£.  One  who  or  that  which  afford* 
niief.  [<  F.  secours,  <  L.IJ'  nib,  under,  +  curro,  run.] 
-ueVour;.    Syn.:  see  aid;  help;  serve. 

BOX 'CO-IT,  1  suk'o-n;2  suc'o-ry.  n.    Hame  as  chicory. 

SUC'co-tash,  1  Miik'o-tash;  2  .suc'o-ta.sh,  n.  [U.  SJ  A 
,i    green    Indian   corn   and  beans.      [<   Am.   Ind. 

Idauatath.]   Btic'ea-tashi;  saek'a-tasnt. 
suc'cu-lent,   1  auk'yu-le-nt;  2  Buk'yu-lent,   a.     Juicy; 
fleshy,  08  a  plant.     [<  L.  tucculentus,   <  huccus,  juice. I 
Buc'cu-lousj.— suc'cu-lence,  n.    suc'cu-lcn-cyt. 

suc-cumb', )  1  aii-kum';  2  su-cum',  m.    1.  To  sink  down 
suc-cum"',  J  as  under  a  burden;  yield.    2.  To  die.    [<L. 
sub,  beneath,  -I-  cubo,  recline.)— suc-cum 'bent,  a. 

-in -ciiss't,  1  nii-kus';  2  su-cus',  tl.  To  shake  suddenly  or 
forcibly. 

siii-iiis'slon,  1  Hii-ku<h'an:2  su-cush'on,  n.  The  act  of  suc- 
cusHlng;  a  shaking.  [  <  L.  succussio(n-),  <  succussus ,  pp.  of 
succulU),  shake  up.]  -suc-cus'slv(e8,  a. 

such.  1  -uh;  2  such.  I.  a.  1.  Of  that  kind;  of  the  same 
or  like  kind:  often  with  as  or  IfoU  completing  the  Com- 
parison; as,  such  wit  as  this  is  rare.  2.  Specifically:  (1) 
.-   the  same  as  what  has  been  mentioned  or  iudi- 


For  words  not  given  above  see  sub-,  prefix,  page  769. 


l:a=  final;    I  =  habiu    aisle;    cm  =  out;    ell;    M  =  fettd;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  sbn7;    £hin,   this,  substratum 
773  2:wQlf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    111  in,    this,     suggestion 


cated.  (2)  Being  the  same  in  quality.  (3)  Being  the 
same  as  something  understood  by  the  speaker  or  the 
hearer,  or  purposely  left  indefinite;  as,  such  a  clan  or 
tribe.  3.  Expletive  or  emphatic  use  (elliptically):  so 
extreme;  intolerable;  as,  he  led  her  such  a  life.  II.  pron. 
1.  Such  a  person  or  thing,  or  (more  commonly)  such 
persons  or  things:  by  ellipsis  of  the  noun.  2.  The  same. 
III.  adv.  So.  [  <  AS.  swylc,  such,  <  swa,  so,  +  lie,  -ly1.] 
suck1,  1  suk ;  2  suk,  v.  I.  f .  1.  To  draw  into  the  mouth  by 
lips  and  tongue;  draw  liquid  from  with  the  mouth.  2.  To 
absorb  or  drink  in  by  any  means.  3.  To  draw  in  or  up  or 
to  engulf  in  a  manner  resembling  suction.  II.  ('.  1.  To 
suckle.  2.  To  draw  in  liquid  by  suction.  3.  To  draw  in 
air,  instead  of  water,  with  a  sucking  sound,  as  a  pump. 
[  <  AS.  sUcan,  suck.] — suck,  re.  1.  The  act  of  sucking;  suc- 
tion. 2.  That  which  is  sucked  or  comes  by  sucking. — 
suck'er,    n.    1.  One  who  or   that 

which  sucks.  3.  One  of  various  fishes        .  ** 

with  thick  and  fleshy  lips  adapted     d  C~-££% 

for  sucking  In  food,  as  plants  and   mkr>^      ^&Ljb 
small  animals.     3.  An  or- 


Mlssouri  Sucker. 

a,  the  head,  enlarged. 


gan  by  which  an  animal 
adheres  to  other  bodies. 
4.  A  shoot  or  sprout  arising 
at  or  near  the  root  of  a 
plant.  5.  Anything  that 
acts  by  or  is  used  for  suc- 
tion. —  suck'lng,  pa. 
-ly,  adv. — suck'I(ep,  vt. 
&vi.  [stjck'l(e)dp;  suck'ling.1  To  give  suck  to.  as  at  the 
breast;  suck;  take  nourishment  by  suction. — suck'ler,  re. — 
suckling,  re.  1.  An  unweaned  mammal;  hence,  a  young, 
inexperienced  person.  2.  A  species  of  clover. — suc'tion,  re. 
The  act  of  sucking;  the  production  of  a  partial  vacuum,  as 
by  pumping. — suc-to'ri-al,  a.  1.  Adapted  for  sucking  or 
for  adhesion.     2.  Living  by  sucking,     sue-to 'ri-ousj. 

Su-dan',  1  su-dfln';  2  su-dan',  re.  A  vast  region  of  N.  Africa 
extending  from  the  Atlantic  ocean  to  the  Red  Sea  south  of 
the  Sahara:  divided  into  Western  or  French,  Central,  and 
Eastern  Sudan.  Sou-dan'}.— Su"da-ncse',  a.  &  re. 
Sou"da-nese'i. 

su  'da-to-ry,  1  siu'da-to-n;  2  su'da-to-ry.  I.  a.  1.  Efficacious 
in  exciting  perspiration;  sudorific.  2.  Perspiring.  II.  re. 
;-riesz,  pi.]  1.  An  agent  that  causes  sweating;  a  sudorific. 
2.  A  sweating=bath.    su"da-to'rl-umt.    [<  L.  sudatorius, 

<  sudatus,  pp.  of  stido,  sweat.] 

sudd,  1  sud;  2  sud,  re.  A  floating  mass  of  vegetation  that  fre- 
quently obstructs  navigation  on  the  Upper  Nile.  [Ar.] 
ud'den,  1  sud'n;  2  stid'n.  I.  a.  1.  Happening  quickly 
and  without  warning.  2.  Hurriedly  or  quickly  con- 
trived or  done.  3||.  Come  upon  unexpectedly.  4|[. 
Quicktempered;  rash.  II.  n.  The  state  of  being  sud- 
den, or  that  which  is  sudden:  obsolete  except  in  a  few 
phrases.    Syn.:  see  impetuous;  swift.    [<   L.F  subUancus, 

<  subilus,    sudden.l — on  a  sudden,  without  notice;  un- 
expectedly.— sud'den-Iy,  adv. — sud'den-ness,  re. 

Su'der-mann,  1  zu'dar-man;  2  §u'der-man,  Hermann 
(1857-         ).     A  German  dramatic  poet  and  novelist. 

su'dor,  1  slu'dar;  2  su'dor,  re.  Visible  perspiration;  sweat. 
[L.,  <  sudo,  sweat.] — su'dor-al,  a. — su"dor-If'er-ous,  a. 
Sweat»producing. — su"dor-lf'lc,  a.  &  re. 

suds,  1  sudz;  2  sud§,  re.  pi.    Soapy  water;  foam. 

sue,  1  siu;  2  su,  vt.  &  vi.  [sued;  su'ing.]  1.  To  institute 
legal  proceedings  against.  2.  To  entreat;  beg:  often 
with  to.    3||.  To  woo.    [  <  F.  suivre,  <  L.  serjuor,  follow.] 

Sue,  1  slii;  2  s(l,  Marie  J.  Eugene  (1801-1857).  A  French 
novelist;  The  Wandering  Jew. 

suede,  1  awed;  2  swed,  re.  Undressed  kid:  often  attribu- 
tively; as,  suede  gloves.    [F.  Suede,  Swede  ) 

Sll'ct,  1  siii'et;  2  su'6t,  re  The  fatty  I  issues  about  the 
loins  and  kidneys  of  sheep,  oxen,  etc.  [  <  F.  suif,  <  L. 
sebum,  grease.]— su'et-y,  a 

Sue-to'nl-us,  1  swl-tr/ni-us;  2  swe-to'ni-us,  Cains  Tr.in- 
quillus  (707-140?).    A  Roman  historian. 

Su-ez',  1  su-ez';  2  su-ez',  re.  1.  Gulf  of,  the  N.  W.  arm  of  the 
Red  Sea.  2.  Isthmus  of,  the  neck  of  land  Joining  Asia  and 
Africa;  between  the  Gulf  ol  Suez  and  the  Mediterranean; 
72  m.  wide;  traversed  by  the  Suez  canal,  constructed 
(1859-1869)  by  Ferdinand  de  Lesseps. 

suf.,  suff.,  nM/r.     SuflK. 

suffer,  1  suf'er;  2  safer,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  have  a  painful 
experience;  feel  pain.  2.  To  bear  with  endurance;  en- 
dure; sustain.  3.  To  be  affected  by;  Undergo;  expe- 
rience. 4.  To  sustain  loss  or  injury.  5.  To  undergo  pun- 
ishment; be  executed,  <;.  To  grant  leave  or  assent  to; 
tolerate;  allow.  [<  F.  souffrir,  <  L.  suffrro,  <  sub, 
beneath,  t  fero,  bear.]  Syn.:  see  allow;  endure;  permit, 
— suffer-a-bKe'1,  it.  Such  as  can  be  Buffered  or  endured; 
endurable,  -ness,  re.— suf'fer-a-bly,  «  suf'fer-ance,  n. 
1.  Negative  consent.  2.  In  customs,  a  permit  for  the  shin 
ment  of  certain  kinds  of  goods.  8||.  Buffering;  wretchedness. 
41].  Submission.     Syn.:  see  patience.— suf'fer-er,  n. 


suf'fer-ing,  1  suf'ar-in;  2  siif'er-ing,  re.  A  state  of  an- 
guish or  pain;  the  bearing  of  pain,  or  loss;  also,  the 
pain  so  borne.  Syn.:  see  agony;  pain. — suf  'fer-lng-ly,  adv. 

suf-flce',  1  su-fais';  2  su-flc',  vt.  &  vi.  [suf-ficed'1;  suf- 
fic'ing.]  To  be  sufficient  for;  meet  the  requirements  or 
answer  the  purpose  of;  be  satisfactory  or  adequate.  [  < 
L.F  sufflclo,  afford.]  Syn.:  see  satisfy;  serve. — suf-li'- 
cien-cy,  re.  1.  The  state  of  being  sufficient.  2.  That  which 
is  sufficient.  3.  Full  capability  or  qualification;  efficiency. 
4.  Conceit;  self«sufflciency.  Syn.:  see  comfort. — suf-fl'- 
cient,  a.  1.  Being  all  that  is  needful;  enough.  2||.  Capa- 
ble; competent.  3t.  Financially  competent;  responsible. 
Syn.:  see  adequate;  ample;  enough. — suf-fi'clent-ly,  adv. 

suf-ftx",  1  su-fiks';  2  su-flks',  vt.    To  add  as  a  suffix. 

suffix,  1  suf'iks;  2  sQf'iks,  n.  1.  A  formative  element  at- 
tached to  the  end  of  a  word  or  root  to  modify  it.  2.  Any 
added  title  or  the  like.  [<  L.  sub,  under,   -f  figo,  fix!] 

suf  fo-cate,  1  suf'o-ket;  2  suf'o-cat,  v.  [-CAT"EDd;  -cat"- 
ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  kill  by  obstructing  the  breathing  in 
any  manner.  2.  To  oppress  (the  breathing),  as  by 
an  inadequate  supply  of  air.  3.  To  stifle.  II.  i.  To 
become  choked  or  stifled.  [  <  L.  sub,  under,  +  fauces, 
gullet.]— suf "fo-ca'tlon,  re.— suf'fo-ca"tlv(e8,  a. 

suf'fra-gan,  1  suf'ra-gan;  2  suf'ra-gan.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertain- 
ing to  a  suffragan;  auxiliary.  II.  re.  An  auxiliary  or  assistant 
bishop.     [  <LL.F  suffraganeus,  assisting.] 

suffrage,  1  suf 'nj ;  2  suf 'rag,  re.  1.  A  vote  in  support  of 
some  measure  or  candidate;  hence,  approbation;  assent. 
2.  The  right  or  privilege  of  voting.  [F.,  <  L.  suffragium, 
voting-tablet,  vote.] — woman  suffrage,  political  suffrage 
as  belonging  to  or  exercised  by  women,  female  suffrage ; . 
— suf'fra-glst,  re.  1.  A  voter.  2.  An  advocate  of  some 
particular  form  of  suffrage,  especially  of  woman  suffrage. 

suffra-gette',  1  sufra-jet';  2  suf"ra-get',  re.  A  woman  who 
advocates  female  suffrage;  specif.,  a  member  of  a  militant 
organization  demanding  it. — suf'fra-get'tlsm,  re. 

suf-fuse',    \  1  su-fiuz';  2  su-fiis/,  vt.     [suf-fused';  suf- 

suf-fuze'p,  J  fus'ing.]  To  overspread,  as  with  color. 
[<  L.  sub,  beneath,  +  fundo,  pour.] — suf-fu'slon,  re. 

Su'fl,  1  su'fi;  2  sii'fi,  n.  A  Mohammedan  mystic,  especially 
In  Persia.— Su 'fie,  a.    Su-fls'tlcl.— Su'flsm,  re. 

sug'ar,  1  sTiug'sr;  2  shug'ar,  v.  I.  t.  To  sweeten,  cover, 
or  coat  with  sugar:  used  also  figuratively.  II.  i.  [U.  S. 
&  Canada.]     To  make  maple=sugar. 

sug'ar,  n.  1.  A  sweet  crystalline  compound  derived 
chiefly  from  the  juice  of  the  sugar* 
cane  or  sugar-beet;  called,  according 
to  its  source,  beetssugar,  eane=s.. 
<iate=s..  grape  s.,  rnaple*s.,  etc.  2. 
Any  of  many  sweet  compounds  of 
either  animal  or  vegetable  origin,  as 
glucose,  etc.  3.  Any  substance  re- 
sembling sugar.  4.  Flattering  or  hon- 
eyed words.  [Ult.  <  Sans,  carkara, 
sugar.) — s.  of  milk,  same  as  lactose. 
— sug'ar=beet",  re.  Any  sugar-produc- 
Ing  variety  of  the  common  garden  beet. 
— s.scane,  re.  A  tall,  stout  grass  of 
tropical  regions,  rich  in  sugar. — s.doaf, 
re.  1.  A  conical  mass  of  hard  sugar.  2. 
A  conical  hat  or  hill. — s.  Ittut',  a. — s.s 
maple,  re.  The  hard  maple  from  the 
sap  of  which  maple-sugar  Is  made.  See 
leaf. — s.  plum,  re.  A  small  sweetmeat. 
— sug'ar-y,  a. 

sug-gest''',  1  sug-jest';  2  sug-gPst',  v.  I. 
indirectly  the  idea  of;  hint;  intimate. 
(an  idea)  by  association.  3.  To  propose  for  considera- 
tion. 4f.  To  entice;  seduce.  II||.  i.  To  make  sugges- 
tions; tempt ;  prompt.  [  <  L.  sub,  under,  +  gero,  bring.] 
— sug-gest'er,  re.  sug-ges'torj.  Syn.:  sec  aim  m  ,  impori 

SUg-ges'tion,  re.  1.  The  act  of  suggesting.  2.  A  hint; 
insinuation.  3.  The  spontaneous  calling  up  oi  an  idea  in 
the  mind  by  a  connected  idea.  4.  In  hypnotism,  l he 
causing  of  an  idea  or  action  on  the  pari  of  the  subject  bj 

the  Will-power  of  the  operator;  also,  the  idea  so  sug- 
gested.   5||.  Instigation,  as  u>  crime;  incitement, 

Syn.:  hint,  innuendo,  Insinuation,  Intimation,  a  sug- 
gestion brings  something  before  I  he  mind  less  directly  than 
by  formal  or  explicit  statement,  as  by  a  partial  statement, 
an  Incidental  allusion,  an  Illustration,  .'i  question,  or  the 
like.  .Slimiest ton  Is  often  used  of  :m  unobtrusive  M.-ilenienl 
of  one's  views  or  wishes  to  another,  leaving  consideration 
and  any  consequent  action  entirely  to  thai  person's  Judg- 
ment, and  is  hence,  in  many  cases,  the  most  respectful  way 

In  which  to  convey  one's  views  to  a  superior  or  a  stranger.  A 
suggestion  may  be  given  unintentionally,  and  even  uncon- 
sciously, as  when  we  Bay  an  author  baa  ";i  suggestive  style." 
An  intimation  Is  a  suggestion  1"  brlel  utterance,  or  sometimes 
by  significant  act.  gesture,  or  token,  of  one's  meaning  or 
wishes;  In  the  latter  case  It  Ls  often  the  act  of  a  superior;  as, 


Sugar-cane. 


t.    1.  To  impart 
2.  To  bring  up 


II 


>llll. 


•  ulcldc  ,  ,1  in  ,       ii       ii       |, in,  l.ftrn; 

-u|.i  r  ilui'ii-  i  i    ail;  mi,  kH.  pray.  nVn;  hit,  I        i  i  rta,  'M 

1       -nil'.  I.         ■'.  ■   i    i  n  n    m  i    i  i    is,.  | 

iah,  m  boeomi 

II.  I  -I      I       I     II    H«,        ),l     | 

pot;  Mi  nit  ah      |  • 

;'rl    ■     |  A  .UN 

Hull),  Oil'-  dfl 

•   iiuni    ■  i  renob  itauMman 

Mil  phiir.  -ul-phii  ii.  .  i  i  i  i  ii.  etc. 

Hull   .  iii.ui 

mii  tan,  i  eraign  ol  i nr k*  v 

Mohammedan  -..\  on  ign      |l  h 
*  i        itol'dan]     \rchalo]      iuI- 

t.l    III.  :,:i.  n       I.    \  ■■Hll:ili  I  W  lt'\  dalli'h 

-iii  i.iii-i im  .    I.  The  unstress  of  a  king  or 
I  nr  raisin  (ruin  the  district  ol  Bo 
Mil't.iu-.iti-.        inl'tan-snlpl. 
Mil  ir> .  l  sul'tn;  2  sOl'try,  a.    [si  l'tri-br;  bi  l'tbj  bbi  | 
I.  Hot,  mi "i  t,  and  still;  close:  nid  of  weathet     S.  Emit 
.  •   heal     [Corr.  of  neettrv,  <  bwsltbb.] 

-nl    lrl-l>  .  -Mllrl-ne-s,  n. 

•mi-Iii'.  l  -ii  iir.  8  mi  in',  n  i.  An  archlpelairo  and  sea  In 
a  W  Philippine  Ialands;  1,400  sq.  m.;  pop  118,000  I.  \ 
member  ol  tho  chief  Moro  tribe  occupying. 

Mini,  1  -MMi.  2  -Mm       I.  it.     [Bl  mmi.ii.  si  mii";  si  m'mim.  ] 

I.  I  ■■  present  in  brief;  recapitulate  buc itly;  with  up 

■-'.  I  o  add  mi le  total    -i.  U  tain  the  nun 

Id  into  one  total:  frequently  w it s  up.    II.  n.    1. 
The  result  obtained  by  addition     'I.  The  entire 
quantity,  number,  nr  substance j  the  whole.     3.  Any 
indefinite  a  I  chiefly  of  mi  ney.    4.  [Colloq  ] 

\  problem  in  arithmetic  propounded  for  solution.    5. 
The  summit;  topmost  or  highest  point.    [  <  L.Fi  ■ 

sum]      Syi)  '.nil  mi;    (iimiiii)    see   40- 

-iiin  less,  a.    Too  gnat  fur  computation. 

-ii'in;ic.  l  sQ'mak  "/  shfl/mak;  2  su'jnae  or  shu'm&e,  ». 
A  shrub,  whose  dried  and 
powdered  leaves  are  much 
ii-i  il  for  tanning  and  dyeing. 
|  <  Ar.*  &ummdq,  su 
su'mach:.  -  poFrson<8u'mael 
n.    Bee  under  roi 

MiMna'tra,    1    su-md'trs;    2    svj- 

nuVtra,    n.     An  island   ol    the 

Malay  archipelago;  under  Dutch 

control;    161,612    si|     m.;    pop 

B  u  -  in  a  '  t  r  a  n  , 

Su'mer,   1  slQ'mar;    2  su'mer.   n. 
a   territorial  division  of  Baby- 
lonia. I  lie  i-xacl  locution  or  which 
IS    unknown.     Su'mlr}.  —  Su-  , 
nie'rl-aii,  a.   A:  n.     Su-mlr'l- , 
an:. 

sum 'ina-ry,  1  sum'a-n;  2  sum'a-ry.  I.  a.  1.  Giving  the 
substance  or  sum;  conci-.  'I.  Pi  rformed  nrithout  cere- 
mony  or  delay;  instant ;  offhand:  used  specifically  in  law. 

II.  n.    [-riesz,  pi.]    An  abridgment  or  epitome.    (<  1.. 
summarlum.  <  summa;  see  sum.)     Syn.:  see  ABRIDG1 
— sum'ma-rl-ly,  ntlr.  —  suin'ina-rl-ness,  n.—  sum'ma- 
rlze,  it.  [-KizKii:  -mz'iNfj.l  To  make  a  summary  of.    sum'- 
ina-r|sc:.     siuii'iiia-rist,  n      siim"ma-rl-za'tlon,  n. 

stliii-ma'tioii,  1  siini-nn"'shan;  2  sttm-m&'shon,  n.     The 

act  or  operation  of  obtain  inn  a  sum;  addition, 
sum 'titer1,  1  Bnm'er;  2  Biim'er.    I.  vt.  A:  ri.    To  keep  or 
>ir  through  the  summer;  puss  the  gummer.    II.  a. 

- ■■  r  1 : 1 1 r i i 1 1 j_'  to,  or  occurring  in  suimiiiit.     III.  n.     1. 

Thi  hottest  or  warmest  season  of  the  year:  including 
June,  July,  and  August,  in  the  northern  hemisphere. 
hi  the  southern  hi  misphere  the  summer  occurs  (luring 
the  months  of  the  northern  winter  'i.  [Poet.]  (1)  A 
■  pei  mil-,  "i  .  arly  or  happy  life.  (2;  A 
rous  period.    (  <  A  turner.] 

-inn  'mcr  =  lnnise",  n  I.  a  rustic  structure,  as  In  a  gar- 
den, for  rest  or  shade.  '!■  a  summer  residence:  properly  two 
words.  suiii'mer-ly,  a.  <fc  adv.  sum'merdlmc",  n. 
Summer;  the  summer  season,     sum'mer-tlde";.     sum'- 

mer-y, '/.    Pertaining  to  summer. 

Mim'mcr.  n  I  in..-.,  beam  or  stoni  apporting  an  arch  or 
niperstructure     [•    I     ommler,  -    Gr    agma,  pack*saddle.] 

-inn  'mer*,  n.    <  >ne  h  bo  sums  or  adds  skilfully. 

siiin'mcr-sault, /i     A  somersault,    sum'mer-sett. 

slim'lilit,  1  -■  im'it  .  2  -I'im'it,  n.  1.  The  highest  part :  tin- 
top  '4.  The  hit--  maximum.  (<  I,.F  sum- 
mum,  apex.)  Syn.:  acme.  apex.  cap.  climax,  crown,  height, 
peak,  pinnacle,  top.  vertex.  —  Ant.:  abyss,  base,  bottom, 
chasm,  deep,  depth,  gorge,  gulf,  pit,  vale,  valley.—  sum '- 

lllll-.ll,    8. — Mllll'lllll-ll'ss,    n. 

siim'mon,  1  sum'an;  2  sum'on,  tt.     1.  To  command  to 

:r  .ii  a  Specific  time  and  place;  cite.     '£.  To  require 

the  immediate  attendance  of;  call;  send  for.    3.  To  call 


-i'. 

-Il    .  -IL 

I 

'. 
'• 

kill     j 
-l>    . 
I  I. 

t. 

fm  lory. 

.  king  or  one  ol 

■  Mian's    hand 

for   the 

I.       group  or 

i  In    mdi\  id 

of  the  tour 

I .  •  things 

•  ltmg  an  out- 

.">  .  I 

• 

-lilt    .l-hl    •      . 

-ill!'  .i-!iH'I-I>  ,        -lilt  '.i-lil  c-in  -- 

-mi  j-hi).  -uii  or.         i.  One  who  Instil 

i.  'iier. 

miii    ■  i-  I  as  lor  carrying  a  dress  suit. 

-int.  .  I .  bingS  forming 

:  danoe>move- 
danta  or  fol- 
.  follow.] 
-ill  i. lie.  Saving  long  narrow  fur- 

[  <   L.  sulcatum,    < 
-ul  (  .it-ed   .     -ul-ca'tlon,  n. 

*U    |.  I-III.IM.  >  MAN 

-ul   f- •—  li >  dr.ite.  !•    In  which  the  acid 

-ul  " t> !•>•— Ii>  'ilratc.  of  sulfur  and  hydro- 

•  .it  basic  radii 
-ult-        -ulpli-  h>   drate:. 
M^ll  'llir.        I    .  A    p:de-vi-ll"'.' 

-ul  pluir.  lound    largely 

wder,  matches,  vulcanised 

HXNT.     [  <  1- 

also  sulphur,  as  If  Gr        sul'fatc,  sul'- 

phat.  .  ludlng  oalcluni  sul- 

tii.  magnesium  s.  (Epsom  Baits  .  sodium  s. 

barium  -.  -ul  tnl,  sul'- 

phiii.  '•  alemeni  or  radical. 

-ul  li'l.;:    -iil'fu-ret  •;    -olphiil.     .      -ul'lu-rale,    sul'- 
phu-rate.      I.    •:        -mr"ED<;  -BAT'DCO        To  treat  with 
11  III.  n.     Sultld.-  sul"fu-ra'- 

tinn.  -ul  "piiM-r.i'tiuii.         i     |  •  or  proeesB  of  treat- 

ted,  slll". 
fu-rl-/  i  -- i  Hon  .  -ul'fiir  liol'toiii,  n.  A  North- 
AUar  nd  attaining  a 

-ul-fii  re-ous,  siil-phu're-ou-. 
-  .  '  .-      -til  'fu-rct,   -ul  pliu-n  I,   n      A  sultld. — 
-ul  iu-r.  i "•  d.  -iirpiiu-ret"ed.  Saturated,  Im- 

.  -  .  lomi.iiied  with  sulfut       -ul  'lu- 

r.  I    !•   I    :  -ul  pliu-ret'ted  : .      -ul-fu  'rlc,  -ul-pliu  'rl<  .  '/. 
Pert..  llfur      sulfuric  acid. 

'  ir      oil  of  \  llriol    . 

-ui'fur-ou-.  Mil  pinir-ou-.  tul'fDr-y,  snl'phor-y, 

'ur. 
-ulk.  I  .  r sullen.    II.  •> 

d  plural      I  ■ 
lane',.:       «ulk'>.         -      .  :.      -■  ■.  > .  ,i-i       1.  Sullenly 

laid   of   plants 
-ulk  l-l>  .  -ulk  i-o 

»lllk  'j  .  A  Ilk'!''  two. 

icle  for  one  person.    (<  si  let, 

>Ul1a.  I  in  In-  <  orin  liu-  ■    7-   I. 

By  1  la : . 

-ul  leu,  .  I .  and  gloomily 

'.  clouds. 

1    .  ry.     (  <  L.°*  r.vlu.f,  alone] 

- 1 1  .  -Bl 

•Mil'll-Wiii.  '  -ul'i-van.  n       I.  >lr    \rtliur  B«y- 

mniir       ■  12  an  Kngilsh  composer     Z.  John  (1740- 

1795,.  an  American  Revolutionary  gem 


Common  Sumacs. 

A  ptDlcle  ii"l  lra(  of  the  BUn« 
i  Minmr.  '_'.  A  lemf  of  the  dwarf 
10;  ii,  the  flower. 


1: a  =  final:    l  =  habit:    aisle:    au  =  out;    oil:    10  =  feud;    «<hin;    go;    n  =  sing;    Chin,   this.  suicide 

775  2: wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this,  superfluous 


into  action;  arouse:  usually  with  up;  as,  to  summon 
up  courage.  4.  To  bid  or  call  on  for  a  specific  act.  [  < 
L.of  sub,  slightly,  +  moneo,  warn.l  Syn.:  see  arraign;  con- 
voke.— sum'mon-er,  re. — sum'mons,  n.  I.  A  call  to 
attend  or  act,  as  at  a  particular  place  or  time.  2.  Law.  A 
notice  to  a  person,  as  to  a  defendant  or  a  witness,  summoning 
him  to  appear  in  court.     3.  Mil.  A  demand  to  surrender. 

Sum'ner,  1  sum'nar;  2  sum'ner,  Charles  (1811-1874).  An 
American  statesman  and  abolitionist.  [of  a  shaft. 

sump,  1  sump;  2  sump,  re.    A  depression  sunk  below  the  level 

sump'ter,  1  sump'tar;  2  sump'ter,  n.  A  pack-animal; 
as,  a  sumpter'horae.    [Ult.  <  Gr.  sagma,  paek=saddle.] 

sump'tu-a-ry,  1  sump'chu-[or  -tiu-]e-n;  2  sump'chu- 
[or  -tQ-]a-ry,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  expense;  limiting  or 
regulating  expenditure,  as  some  laws.  2§.  Acting  as  a 
sumpter.    [  <  L.  sumpluarius,  <  sub,  under,  +  emo,  buy.] 

SUmp'tu-OUS,  1  sump'(5hu-[or  -tiu-]us;  2  siimp'chu-[or 
-tu-]us,  a.  Involving  or  showing  lavish  expenditure; 
hence,  luxurious.  [  <  L.  sumptuosus,  <  sub,  under,  + 
emo,  buy.l    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

sun,  1  sun;  2  sun.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [sunned,  sund8;  sun'- 
ning.]  To  expose  to  the  sun.  II.  n.  1.  The  heavenly 
body  that  is  the  center  of  attraction  and  the  main  source 
of  light  and  heat  in  the  solar  system,  distant  from  the 
earth  nearly  92,830,000  miles  and  having  a  diameter  of 
864,000  miles.  2.  Any  star  that  is  the  center  of  a  sys- 
tem revolving  around  it,  as  Sirius.  3.  The  light  and  heat 
radiated  from  the  sun;  sunshine.  4.  Figuratively,  any- 
thing brilliant  and  magnificent,  or  that  is  a  source  of 
splendor.  5.  [Poet.]  The  time  of  the  earth's  revolution 
round  the  sun;  a  year.  6.  The  daily  appearance  of  the 
sun;  a  day;  also,  the  time  of  its  appearance  or  shining; 
sunrise.  [<  AS.  sunne,  sun.] — sun  'beam",  n.  A  ray 
or  beam  of  the  sun;  [pi.]  sunlight. — sun'bird",  re.  A 
brilliantly  colored  Oriental  bird  resembling  the  humming* 
bird. — sun'bon"net,  re.  A  bonnet  of  light  material  with 
projecting  brim  and  a  cape  covering  the  neck. — sun 'bow", 
re.  A  rainbow  formed  by  the  sun.  as  opposed  to  a  lunar  bow. 
— sun 'burn".  I(.  vt.  &  si.  To  affect  or  be  affected  with 
sunburn.  II.  re.  Discoloration  or  inflammation  of  the  skin, 
produced  by  exposure  to  the  sun. — sun'burnt",  a.  sun'- 
burned"!. — sun'Uew",  n.  A  plant  exuding  from  its  leaves 
a  viscid  liquid,  by  which  insects  are  caught  and  utilized  by 
the  plant  as  food. — sun'*di"al,  re.  A  device  that  measures 
time  by  shadow. — sun-dog,  re.  A  mock  sun,  or  bright 
.mot  appearing  near  the  sun,  sometimes  with  a  luminous 
train:  due  to  the  presence  of  ice=crystals  In  the  air. — sun'- 
down",  re.  Sunset. — sun 'fish",  re.  1.  A  large  pelagic  fish 
with  deep  compressed  body,  truncate-behind.  2.  A  North= 
American  fresh«water  perch«like  fish. — sun'flow"er,  re.  A 
tall,  erect,  stout,  rough  herb  of  the  aster  family,  with  very 
large,  terminal,  flat,  circular  heads  of  flowers. — sun'less,  a. 
Dark;  cheerless,  -ness,  re. — sun'llght",  re.  The  light  of 
the  sun.— sun 'ny,  a.  [sun'ni-er;  sun'ni-est.]  1.  Filled 
with  the  light  and  warmth  of  the  sun.  2.  Bright  like  the  sun. 
Syn.:  see  bright;  cheerful;  happy. — sunny  side,  the  side, 
as  of  a  hill,  facing  the  sun;  hence,  the  cheerful  view  of  any 
situation.  Question,  etc.  —  sun'nl-ly,  adv.  —  sun'ni-ness, 
re. — sun'rlse",  re.  1.  The  daily  first  appearance  of  the  sun. 
2.  The  time  at  which  the  sun  rises.  3.  The  east;  orient. 
sun'rls"ing{  [Archaic].— sun'set",  re.  1.  The  daily  disap- 
pearance of  the  sun.  2.  The  time  at  which  the  sun  sets;  the 
early  evening;  twilight.  3.  The  west;  Occident.  4.  Figura- 
tively, the  ending  or  decline,  as  of  life,  sun'seftingt- — 
sun  'shade",  re.  Something,  as  a  parasol,  etc.,  used  as  a  shade 
or  protection  from  the  rays  of  the  sun. — sun 'shine",  re.  1. 
The  shining  light  and  radiance  of  the  sun.  2.  Figuratively, 
brightness.  sun'shln"y,r/.  sun'sliln"lngt.  sun'=spot", 
n.  Oneof  many  dark  Irregular  spots  appearing  periodically  on 
the  surface  of  the  sun,  near  its  equator:  believed  I  o  have  con- 
nection with  terrestrial  magnetic  storms,  sun 'stroke",  re. 
Pathol.  A  sudden  cerebral  disturbance,  often  with  apoplecl  Ic 
symptoms,  due  to  exposure  to  the  sun.  -  suii'struek",  a. 
— sun'up",  re.  [Local,  IT.  S.]  Sunrise. — sun'ward,  a. 
Facing  toward  the  sun.— sun'ward,  sun 'wards,  adv. 

Sun 'da,  Strait  of,  1  sun'da;  2  sun'da.  A  channel  between 
Java  and  Sumatra  islands;  least  width,  18  in. 

Sun 'da  Isles.  Group  in  Malay  Archipelago:  Sumatra,  Java, etc. 

Sun'day,  1  sun'di;  2  sun'dy,  n.  The  first  day  of  the 
week;  the  Lord's  day;  the  Christian  Sabbath:  some- 
times used  attributively.  [<  AS.  sun/nut  divii;  suit  nun, 
gen.  of  sunni:,  sun;  dxg,  day.)  Syn.:  sec  Smihatii.  Sun'- 
daysschoul",  re.  A  school,  generally  attached  to  some 
church,  in  which  religious  Instruction  is  given  on  Sunday, 
especially  to  the  young.    Sab'hatlissrhoor", . 

sun'der,  1  sun'dar;  2  s&n'der.    I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  break;  part, 

or  be  parted;  disunite;  wvit,  or  lie  severed.  II.  n .  I  )i- 
vision   into   parts;     epaxal  ion:   chiefly   in    tin-  adverbial 

phrase  in  sunder.    Compare  asunder.    |-    AS.  aundor, 
apart.]    Syn,:  see  break;  cut;  bend;  separate. 
sun'dry,  1  stra'dn;  2  sun'dry,  //.    <  ti  an  indefinite  small 
number;  various;  several.     [<  AS.  sundriy,   <  aundor, 


apart.)  Syn.:  see  many. — sun  'dries,  re.  pi.  Items  or  things 
not  separately  specified. 

sung,  1  sun;  2  sung,  imp.  &  pp.  of  sing,  v. 

sunk,  1  sunk;  2  sunk,  imp.  &  pp.  of  sink,  v. 

sunk,  re.  [Prov.  Brit.]  A  canvas  pack«saddle  stuffed  with 
straw.    [<  AS.  song,  table.] 

sunk'en,  1  surjk'n;  2  sunk'n,  a.  1.  Deeply  depressed.  2. 
Located  beneath  the  surface. 

sup,  1  sup;  2  sup,  v.  [supped',  supt8;  sup'ping.]  I.  t. 
1.  To  take,  as  fluid  food,  in  successive  mouthfuls.  2t- 
To  supply  with  or  invite  to  supper.  II.  i.  1.  To  par- 
take of  supper.  2.  To  sip.  [  <  AS.  siipan,  sup.] — sup, 
re.    A  mouthful  or  taste  of  liquid  or  semiliquid  food. 

sup.,  abbr.  Supine,  supra. — sup.,  super.,  abbr.  Superior, 
superfine. — sup.,  superl.,  abbr.  Superlative. — sup., 
supp.,  abbr.  Supplement. — sup.,  supr.,  abbr.  Supreme. 
— Sup.  Ct.,  abbr.    Superior  Court,  Supreme  Court. 

su'per,  1  siu'par:  2  su'per,  re.  Theat.  A  supernumerary:  an 
abbreviation,    supef. 

su'per-,  1  siu'par-;  2  su'per-,  prefix.  Above;  over;  be- 
yond. (1)  Above  in  position.  (2)  Above  in  degree  or 
amount:  usually  denoting  excess.  [  <  L.  super-,  over.] 
In  the  following  list  of  words  super-  denotes  excess  or 
superiority;  as,  supercritical,  excessively  critical;  super- 
excellence,  superior  excellence,  etc.: 
su"per-a-cid'u-lated  su"per-ex-alt'<1  su"per-sen'si-ble 

su"per-a-cute'  ,  su"per-ex"al-ta'tion  su"per-sen'si-tiv(e8 
su"per-a'gen-cy  su"per-ex'cel-lence  su"per-sen'si-tiv(e- 
su"per-al"i-men-ta'-  su"per-ex'cel-lent  ness8 

tion  su"per-ex"ci-ta'tion  su"per-spir'i-tu-al 

su"per-an-gel'ic        su'per-flux  su"per-spir"i-tu-al'i- 

su"per-cal'en-dered  su"per-mun'dane  ty 

su"per-cer"e-mo'ni-  su"per-nu-tri'tion     su"per-stra'tum 

ous  su"per-or'di-na-ry     su"per-sub'tle,  -ty 

su"per-civ'il-ized      su"per-praise'  su"per-sul'fu-ret"ed 

su"per-dain'ty  su"per-re'gal  su"per-sul'fu-rize 

su"per-en-dow'  su"per-sat'u-rate       su"per-ten'sion 

su"per-eth'i-cal         su"per-sat"u-ra'tion  su"per-trag'i-cal 

SU 'per-a-bl (ep,  a.  That  can  be  surmounted  or  overcome. 
[<  L.  superabilis,  <  super,  over.] 

su"per-a-bound 'd,  1  siu/'psr-a-baund';  2  su"per-a- 
bound',  vt.  To  abound  to  excess. — su"pcr-a-bun  '- 
dance,  n. — su"per-a-bun'dant,  a.  Excessive.  Syn.:  see 
redundant.— su"per-a-bun'dant-ly,  adv. 

su"per-add'd,  1  siu"par-ad';  2  su"per-ad',  vt.  To  add  in 
addition  to  something  added. — su"per-ad-di'tion,  n. 

SU"per-an'nu-ate,  1  siu"par-an'yu-et;  2  sQ"per-;ui'yu- 
at.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [-AT"EDd; -at"ing.]  To  incapacitate  by 
age;  retire  on  account  of  age:  chiefly  used  in  past  par- 
ticiple. II.  a.  Superannuated.  [<  super-  +  L.  an- 
nus, year.]—  su"per-an"nu-a'tlon,  re. 

SU-perb',  1  siu-purb';  2  su-perb',  a.  1.  Having  grand,  im- 
pressive beauty;  majestic.  2.  Luxurious;  rich  and  cost- 
ly.    [  <  L.  superbus,  <  super,  over.]    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

su"per-car 'go,  1  siu"per-kur'go;  2  su"per-ear'go,  n.  An 
agent  on  board  ship  in  charge  of  the  cargo. 

su"per-cil'l-a-ry,  1  siu"psr-siri-e-n;  2  su"per-cll'i-a-ry,  a. 
Of  or  pertaining  to  the  eyebrow;  situated  over  the  eyebrow. 

su"per-cil'i-OUS,  1  siu"[or  su"]par-sil'i-us;  2  su"[or  su"j- 
per-eil'l-us,  a.  Exhibiting  haughty  contempt  or  indif- 
ference; arrogant.  [  <  L.  supcrciliosus,  <  super,  over, 
+  cilium,  eyelid.]    Syn.:  see  haughty,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,//. 

su"per-dom'l-nant,  re.  Mus.  The  tone  just  above  the  dom- 
inant; the  sixtli  or  submediant. 

gu'per>dread"uought,  n.  A  typo  of  battleship  exceeding 
the  dreadnought  class  in  size,  speed,  and  armament. 

su"per-eiii'i-neiice,  1  siu"per-em'i-nens;  2  BCrpSr-8m'i- 
nene,  n.  Preeminence.— su"per-em'l-nent,o.  -ly.adv. 

SU"per-er"0-ga'tiOn,   1  siu"par-er"o-ge'sh;)n;  2  siV'pei- 
6r"o-ga'shon,  re.     The  performance  of  any  meritorious 
act  in  excess  of  the  demands  of  duty;  hence,  something 
superfluous.     [<  L.LL  super,  over,  +  erogo,  expend  ] 
su"per-er'o-gate,  vt.     su"per-e-rog'a-lo-ry,  a. 

su"per-lam'l-ly,  1  slu"p;>r-fam'i-l\;  2  su"pcr-fain'i-ly.  re.  A 
group  Intermediate  between  a  suborder  and  a  family. 

su"per-fl'«'ial,  1  shVper-fisVel;  2  suVper-flsb/al,  a.  1- 
Of,  pertaining  to,  or  forming  surface.     2.  Knowing  and 

understanding  only  the  ordinary  and  t! bvious;  not 

learned  or  profound;  shallow.  3.  Marked  bj  partial 
knowledge;  cursory;  hasty ;  slight.  [<  L.LL Sliperficies; 
see  SUPERFICIES.]  Syn.:  see  careless.  su"per-lt"ol-al'l- 
ty,  re.     su"per-H'cial-nessl.     8U"per-fl'Clal-ly,  adv. 

SU"per-fl'cl-e8,  1  siu"per-fisTi'i-Iz  or  -fisli'lz;  2  BQ"p5r- 

flsh'i-es  or  -flsh'es,  n.     A  surface  or  ils  area.;  superficial 

area.    |l,.,  <  super,  over,    I  fades,  face.] 
BU'per-flne,  1  BiQ'per-fain;  2  Bfl'per-fln,  </.     I.  Of  sur- 

paBBinff  quality.  2.  Overrefined,     9U'per-flne"ness,  n, 
sii-per'llii-oiis,  1   Bid  pfir'flu  d  i;  2  BO  pei'ilu  us,  a      I. 

Being   more   than   is   needed      2.    Miu     Augmented: 

sometimes  said  of  an  interval.     3||.   Supererogatory; 


itiprrhuman 


.11    p,  r-  h  u 


,         ,  ,  ,  I  I  ..  ,,.,,.  u        ■  II  I  ill.  I.Orn; 

,  ,      .,  ,        .  i,i  I  .».  not.  Or,  w6n,776 


ii    |x  r    M11-..11--I1  . 

Mil    I-  I  i  . 


IU    p<r-lin    - 


(►..-. I   lk>ll. 
mi    |m  r-ln-«  urn   I..  n(. 

-ii    |..  i-ln-i  urn    I 


-u    !•■  r-ln-.  urn    Ih 
-ii    p,  r-ln-du,  > 


-ii    p.  r-ln-ti ml 


..-. 


-u    |..  r-in-iliM     lion, 

mage; 
direct  I 

r-lll-l.    II    .1.   II.  r. 

-ii    p.  r-ln-l.  n  .l.ii-.  i  .  I 

I  (U'l-KKINTEN- 

-ii    |i,  r-ln-i.  ii  il.nl       I.  nlng  I" 

II 

liar  work 

director,  guardian, 

•:,.i>t,r*.,\  i-rseer,  Hupcrlor, 

-u-p,    ri-,.r.  I.   a       I.   Sin  - 

•  II, -lit ; 
I.  ■   it  ,.r  .1i>;iii- 

mething  -i" 
1.  Higher;  upper,    II. 
] .  -in  rank  or  excelli  I 

order  or  house.     |  <   L.* 
Syn.:  uiilj,', ■; 

-i  PER- 
Mi-p,- '  r  I  -  ■  ■  r  - 1  > .  -ii-pr'rl-nr-n,--    . 

rl-..r  l-l  \  . 

-i-..r.  'ri-nr.  Lake.  Northernmost 

•  112  b)  160  ni 

-u-pi  r   l.i-t  h  ,  .  '  I  .-tiv;  2  -fi-iirr'hi-tlv.    I.         I. 

-ii-IH-r  I  i-t  M   .  I  to  the  highest  degree ;  consum- 

ag  ,,r  involving  the  highest 

ll.         1.  ol  the  highest 

'.'.  m.     •  1 1 

I  -h.-  adjective  or  ad- 

ii  the  nipt  rlative  degree, 

-ll  .  -llf->. 

-u-prr  nal.    -v  Heavenly; 

.  over  ] 
-ii '  |m  r-na  't.nit.   .  2  Bu'per-na'1 

Mi"i>er-iia- 

i  i  Hi. ii. 
-n   iMT-n.rtloii-.il.  .  r-nash'- 

.nkind.  rather  than  to  one 
-u 'pcr-iia  'tiiin-al-iMii,  n. 
-n   |>.  r-nat  'ii-r.il.  -  "r  -nafyu-Jral;  2 

I.         I.    , 

;.  Pi  rtaining  to  the 

POWC  r- 

maturui.  superhuman,    'i 

•'.,•  or  superior  to  the  rec- 
•eternatural  (prefer,  < 
Is  mi  :  what  we  have  been  accustomed 

Mural   gloom.      Miraculous 
■ 
lion  or  divine  power. 

be  rai-ink'  of  the  dead,  Is  b 

;  natural  law 
Bat  •  '  •,"  rnnlural;  others  bold  thai 

the  r:.  iwer  residing  In 

the  laws  of  'Unary  opera- 

■  hat   the 
itural."  rather  than 
:  ,«i  buman  power  i 

of  tupirhuman  knowl- 

ppUed  to  remarkable  mani- 
festations of  human  powi  all  that  Li  ordinary. 
natural,  ordh 

-il    pir-nat    u-r.il.  the  rani"   ol 

-Ii.  -IK--. 

--u"p<r-nat  'u-ral-l-m,  n    1.1  be  quality  of  being 
natur.        .'.  ipexnaturaL 

-u"[nr-nu'mer-a-r>,  1  sr&"per-nia'msT-§-n;  2 

•        I.  yoad  a  foxed,  customary, 

i.,r  word-  not  iriven  above 


ipci fluoua     II.         I  mi  •■,  /''  I 

,i  i .  ..I 

performs)   without   anj 

-ii    D4>r>pOM   .  ■  '     !   POB1  p 

ipoeifi 
in  u. ■oin.-i  i )  one  Bgure  i  t"  be  placed 

upon  anothi  i   <  'oniparo  st  pi  rimpo  i  I 

i  lu'per-pos  .«-i>i  ■•' . 

-ii    l>.  r-|,,,-,  ,1    .  -u    p.  r-[,o--.|   ll,,ll,  ;i 

-ll    pir-scrilir  ',1  il>',     if 

i  in  t> ' ,   »,  im,  is,.  |    I.,  w  in.  .it  ongrave  on  the  out- 

r  on  the  uppei  part  "t .  iusoribe  with  a  nam, id 

ttcnilj  ,  to  add  lottei  I     sup*  i . 

omt.  ••  tertbo,  wrlte.l     su'iier-x-rlpt.  If.a.  written  above 
ii  icripi  i"N     su"per- 

-,  rip  ( ion,  ,i      ill,-  act  of  superscribing  an  addri 
letter;  the  adi                      Ibod 
s.vti   address,  direction,  Inscripl 

Ml'  per-Milr  '.  .  .1'.     '       !    -I  l,'l  I.'1  , 

\i.  |    1.  To  tak'-  the  place  of;  replace;  supplant 
'.'.    I  ■  [nit  lomething  in  t  he  place  ol  i  pend . 

annul  I     '       I    ST.  OVCT,     •     ■...',.,.  Bit.]   Sl'll.;  Bee BUBVER1 

■u"per-se'dure,       iu"per-ses'slont. 

»u"pet«se 'de-as,  i  /."» 

\  proceeding,  a^  a  writ,  that  operates  to  supersede,     [L.] 

siT'prr-MT't  l«-i'-:i-hl  e' .  u" 

i -lil..  i.  Attempting  needlessly  or  disagreeably 
tobeof  service;  of]  -u"|Mr-s(T'\icc-a-lil>. 

>u"lnT-stl'lii>n.  l  i'i  p  .r--ti.-li',.ii;  2  sQ'per-stfah'on,  p 
l.  A  i.l, ,i  founded  on  irrational  feelings,  especially  ol 
fear,  and  marked  by  credulity ;  also,  any  nte  or  practise 
inspired  by  Buoh  belief.  "■!.  Credulity  regarding  th.- 
ocoull  or  supernatural,  as  belief  in  omens,  charm 
signs;  loosely,  any  unreasoning  or  unreasonable  bi  liel 
or  impression,  3f.  Undue  scrupulousness,  (!•'.,  <  L. 
tuner,  over,  land      Byn     ei  fanaticism     su"per- 

stf'tlooBi  a  l.  Disposed  to  believe  In  or  be  Influenced  i>y 
superstitions,    'i.  involving  or  resulting  from  superstition. 

-I),  .;..'        -Iicss,  n 

.su"per-slru«''turt',  1  BiQ'psr-atruk'chur  or  -tiur;  2  su"- 

'iiir  it  -tur,   n        \n.\    Structure  or  any   |.art 

of  a  structure,  considered  in  relation  to  the  i>ait  on 
which  ii  rests;  the  sleepers,  rails,  eto..  ol  a  railway,  as 
distinguished  from  the  road'bed.    |<  L,  super,  over,  -f- 
bulld  I    su"|MT-strur'tli>nj. 
sa"p€r-vene%  1  siQ'pBr-vin';  2  sQ'per-vSn',  w     [-vt 

...  |     I.,  follow  closely  upon  something;  to  take 
,  happen.     [<    I.    super,  over,    +   venio,  come.] 
Syn.:   see   HAPPEN      su"pcr-ie'iil-cnt,   u.--su"per-ven'- 
tton,  n. 

Sll"pt'r-vise',  1  .-iu"i>i>r-vaiz';  2  su"|xt-vIs',  it.     [-VISED'; 

-vis'inq.]  To  have  a  general  oversight  of;  superintend; 
inspect.  [<  L.  super,  over,  H  video,  <•  \  su"per-vl'- 
slnii,  /i  su"per-vls'al:.  su"per-vl'sor,  «.  A  superin- 
tendent; Inspector.     suffper-vl'so-ry,  a 

su"pi-iia'tiiin,  1  aiQ'pi-nS'shsn:  2  sD'pi-na'shon,  n.  1. 
The  art  ol  turning  the  palm  of  the  hand,  or  the  corre- 
sponding Burface  ol  'In-  fore  limb,  upward;  the  position 
,,i  a  limb  bo  turned:  in  physiology  opposed  to  pronation 
2.Thi  of  lying  with  the  face  upward. 

BO-plne'i  1  siii-piiiii';  2  mi-[iiii',  a.  1.  Lying  on  the  back 
'.'.  llaymn  no  int.n-st  or  can-;  inactive.  8.  Having  an 
inclined  position;  sloping,  as  a  hill.  4.  Bot.  Lying  flat 
with  the  face  turned  upward  [<  L.  supinus,  <  sub, 
under.]   -Iv,  a       -ness, 

su'plne,  1  aiu'pain;  2  sfl'pln,  «.  One  of  two  parts  of  the 
Latin  verb,  generally  regarded  as  verbal  nou 

Mip'ptT,  1  sii]/..r;  2  sup'Sr,  n.    The  last  meal  ol  the  day; 
frequently  used  of  an  evening  banquet.    I  <  F.  souper.] 
rap'per-lesSi '/     Saving  no  supper;  hungry. 

Mip-plaiit',J,  1  sw-plant';  2  sG-plSnt',  vi      To  take  the 
place  of,  as  by  treachery;  hence,  to  displace  in  general. 
i  ■    ///,.  under,   j-  vUmta,  sole.]    S.\  □  h;sub- 

\un     sup"plan-ta'tion,  a     iup-plant'er,  n. 

sup 'pie,  I  1  strpl;  2  sfip'L    I.  vi.  &  ri     [si  p'pled;  bt/p'- 

Mip'l1',    j  I'll-.,.)     To  render  oi    become  soft,  pliant, 
ung,  or  docile.    II.  u.    I.  Easily  bent;  flexible;  pli 
ant     2.  Yielding  to  the  humoi  othet   ;i    pi 

oially,  servilely  compliant.    [<  I.'  eupplex,  submi 

Syn.:  compliant,  elastic,  fawning,  flexible,  Umber,  lissom, 
lithe,    lithesome,    obsequious,    pliable,    pliant,    soft,   sui>- 
mi.ssive.  willowy,   yielding.     Bee    icttve;   OBSEquiot 
Ant.:  firm,  flxed.  Inflexible,  obstinate,  pertinacious,  rigid, 
stiff,  stubborn,  unbending,  unyielding,    snp'ple-ness,  n 

sup'pk'=Jaek",  1  sop'l'jak";  2  Bfip'l»jak*,  n.    1.  Bot.  Any 

one   of    various    woody   climlii-rs    with    toiif/h    and    lithe 
'£.  A  walking*stick  made  from  the  wood  of  suclt 
a  plant. 
-ii-      PZB-,  prefix,  \i-j.'A'-  775. 


1:»=  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle:    au  =  out;    oil;     Iu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    Q  =  sinff;    thin,    this.SUperhuman 
7772:  wQlf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,  burn;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this,  sure 


sup'ple-ment,  1  sop'h-ment  or  -mant;  2  sup'le-ment. 
ld.  vt.  To  make  additions  to;  provide  for  what  is  lack- 
ing in.  II.  n.  1.  Something  added  that  supplies  a  de- 
ficiency; especially,  an  addition  to  a  publication.  2. 
Math.  The  angle  that  added  to  another  will  make  the 
sum  two  right  angles.  [OF.,  <  L.  sub,  under,  +  pleo. 
All.)  Syn.:  see  appendage. — sup"p!e-men'tal,  a.  Like  a 
supplement;  supplementing.  sup'ple-tlv(e9t;  sup'ple- 
to"ry}. — sup"ple-men'ta-ry,  a.  Supplemental:  in  geom- 
etry, making  180°  when  added:  said  of  angles  or  arcs. 

sup'pli-ant,  1  sup'h-ant;  2  stip'li-ant.  I.  a.  1.  Entreat- 
ing earnestly  and  humbly;  beseeching.  2.  Manifesting 
entreaty  or  submissive  supplication.  II.  n.  One  who 
supplicates.  [F.,  <L.  supplico,  beg.]  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. 
— sup'pli-ance,  n.  The  act  of  a  suppliant,  or  the  state  of 
being  suppliant,    sup'pll-an-cyj. 

sup'pli-cate,  1  sup'h-ket;  2  sup'li-eat,  vt.  &  vi.  [-cat"- 
EDd;  -cat"ing.]  1.  To  seek  humbly  by  earnest  prayer; 
beseech;  beg.  2.  To  pray  to  grant  a  favor.  [  <  L.  sup- 
plicatus,  pp.  of  supplico,  beg.]  Syn.:  see  ask;  pray. — sup'- 
pli-cant.  I.  a.  Asking  or  entreating  humbly.  II.  re.  One 
who  supplicates;  a  suppliant.  -Iy,  adv. — sup"pli-ca'tIon, 
re.— sup'pH-ca"to-ry,  a. 

sup-ply',  1  su-plai';  2  su-ply'.  I.  vt.  [sup-plied';  sup- 
plying.]  1.  To  furnish  with  what  is  needed;  provide: 
often  followed  by  with.  2.  To  give,  as  something  need- 
ful; afford.  3.  To  occupy  temporarily,  as  a  substitute; 
make  up,  as  a  loss;  fill,  as  a  vacancy;  specif.,  to  fill  tem- 
porarily, as  a  pulpit.  II.  n.  [sup-plies'z,  pi.]  1.  That 
which  is  or  can  be  supplied;  the  available  aggregate  of 
things  needed  or  demanded.  2.  An  amount  sufficient 
for  a  given  use;  store.  3.  A  substitute  or  temporary  in- 
cumbent. 4||.  Reenforcements  for  an  army  or  navy.  5. 
The  act  of  supplying.  [  <  L.F  sub,  below,  +  pleo,  fill.] 
Syn.:  (verb)  see  accommodate;  give;  provide;  recruit; 
(noun)  see  stock. —sup-pH'er,  re. 

sup-port',  1  su-port';  2  sii-port'.  Id.  vt.  1.  To  bear  the 
weight  of,  especially  by  holding  up  from  underneath; 
keep  from  falling;  sustain:  also  used  figuratively.  2. 
To  provide  means  for  the  maintenance  of;  provide  for. 
3.  To  carry  on;  keep  up.  4.  To  bear  or  endure;  tolerate; 
put  up  with.  5.  To  show  to  be  true  or  trustworthy;  de- 
fend, as  a  statement;  also,  to  advocate  or  second;  favor; 
aid.  6.  To  act  as  an  aid,  escort,  or  attendant  to,  as  on  a 
public  occasion.  7.  Theat.  To  play  a  part  subordinate 
to;  also,  to  represent  or  act,  as  a  role  or  part.  [  <  L.F 
sub,  beneath,  +  porto,  carry.) 

Syn.:  bear,  carry,  hold  up,  keep  up,  maintain,  prop,  sus- 
tain, uphold.  Support  and  sustain  alike  signify  to  hold  up 
or  keep  up,  to  prevent  from  falling  or  sinking;  but  sustain 
has  a  special  sense  of  continuous  exertion  or  strength,  as 
when  we  speak  of  sustained  endeavor  or  a  sustained  note; 
a  flower  is  supported  by  the  stem  or  a  temple=roof  by  arches; 
the  foundations  of  a  great  building  sustain  an  enormous 
pressure;  to  sustain  life  implies  a  greater  exigency  and  need 
than  to  support  life;  to  say  one  is  sustained  under  affliction 
is  to  say  more  both  of  the  severity  of  the  trial  and  the  com- 
pleteness of  the  upholding  than  if  we  say  he  is  supported. 
To  bear  Is  the  most  general  word,  denoting  all  holding  up  or 
keeping  up  of  any  object,  whether  in  rest  or  motion;  in  the 
derived  senses  it  refers  to  something  that  is  a  tax  upon 
strength  or  endurance;  as,  to  bear  a  strain;  to  bear  pain  or 
grief.  To  maintain  is  to  keep  in  a  state  or  condition,  espe- 
cially in  an  excellent  and  desirable  condition;  as,  to  maintain 
health  or  reputation:  to  maintain  one's  position;  to  maintain 
a  cause  or  proposition  is  to  hold  it  against  opposition  or 
difficulty.  To  support  may  be  partial,  to  maintain  is  com- 
plete; maintain  Is  a  word  of  more  dignity  than  support;  a 
man  supports  his  family;  a  state  maintains  an  army  or  navy. 
To  prop  is  always  partial,  signifying  to  add  support  to  some- 
thing that  is  insecure.  See  abet;  aid;  endure;  keep; 
lean;  live;  prop. — Ant.:  abandon,  betray,  break  down,  cast 
down,  demolish,  desert,  destroy,  drop,  let  go,  overthrow, 
throw  down,  wreck. —  Prep.:  the  roof  is  supported  by,  on, 
or  upon  pillars;  the  family  was  supported  ore  or  upon  a  pit- 
tance, or  bu  charity.  —  sup-port"a-bll'I-ty,  re.— sup-port'- 
a-bl(e'*,  a.  That  may  tie  supported;  bearable;  endurable, 
sup-port 'a-bl(e-iiess>',  »,  sup-port'a-bly,  adv.— sup- 
port 'er,  re. 

sup-port ',  n.  1.  The  act  of  supporting.  2.  One  who  or  that 
which  supports.    :t.  Subsistence.    Ryu.:  sec  help;  subsidy. 

sup-pose',  1  so-poz';  2  su-pos/,  v.  [sup-posed';  bup-pob'- 
inu.]  I.  t.  1.  To  think  or  imagine  to  oneseli  as  true; 
believe.  2.  To  assume  as  true  for  the  sake  of  argument 
or  illustration.  II.  i.  To  frame  a  supposition;  think 
I  <  F.  supposer,  <  sub-,  under,  +  poser;  sec  POSE1,  r.| 

Syn.:  conjecture,  deem,  guess,  Imagine,  surmise,  think. 
To  suppose  Is  temporarily  to  assume  a  thing  as  true,  either 
with  the  expectation  or  finding  II   so  or  for  the  purpose  of 

ascertaining  what  would  follow  if  It  were  so.    To  conjecture 

)s  to  put  together  the  nearest  available  materials  for  a  pro- 


visional opinion,  always  with  some  expectation  of  finding 
the  facts  to  be  as  conjectured.  To  imagine  is  to  form  a 
mental  image  of  something  as  existing,  tho  its  actual  exis- 
tence may  be  unknown,  or  even  impossible.  To  think,  in 
this  application,  is  to  hold  as  the  result  of  thought  what  is 
admitted  not  to  be  matter  of  exact  or  certain  knowledge; 
as,  I  do  not  know,  but  I  think  this  to  be  the  fact:  a  more 
conclusive  statement  than  would  be  made  by  the  use  of  con- 
jecture or  suppose.  See  guess.  Compare  synonyms  for 
hypothesis;  suspect.- — Ant.:  ascertain,  conclude,  discover, 
know,  prove. — sup-pos 'a- bl(ep,  a.  That  may  be  supposed. 
— sup-pos 'a-bly,  adv. — sup-posed',  pa.  Accepted  as 
genuine:  imagined:  often  ironical. — sup-pos 'ed-ly,  adv.— 
sup-pos'er,  re. 
SUp"po-si'tion,  1  sup"o-zisVan;  2  sup"o-s.Ish'on,  re.  The 
act  of  supposing;  conjecture.  [<  L.LL+F  sub,  under, + 
pono,  place.]  Syn.:  see  fancy;  guess;  hypothesis;  idea; 
thought. — sup"po-si'tlon-al,  a. — sup-pos"l-tI'tlous,  a. 

I.  Put  in  the  place  of  or  made  to  represent  another,  in  order 
to  deceive  or  defraud;  spurious.  2.  Supposed;  assumed. 
Syn.:  see  counterfeit.  -Iy,  ado.  -ness,  re. — sup-pos 'I- 
tlv(e.  I.  a.  Including  or  implying  supposition.  II.  n.  A 
conjunction  introducing  a  supposition,  as  if,  or  provided. 

sup-pos 'i-to-ry,  1  su-pez'i-to-ri;  2  su-pos/i-to-ry,  n. 
[-riesz,  pi.]  Med.  A  solid  medicinal  preparation  for 
introduction  into  some  canal,  cavity,  or  internal  organ. 
[<  LL.  suppositorium,  neut.  of  suppositorius,  <  L.  sup- 
positus;  see  supposition.] 

sup-press",  1  su-pres';  2  sti-prgs',  vt.  1.  To  put  down  or 
put  an  end  to  by  force;  overpower;  crush.  2.  To  with- 
hold from  publication;  repress;  conceal;  also,  to  stop 
the  circulation  of,  as  a  book,  paper,  etc.  3.  To  cause  to 
stop.  4.  To  extinguish.  [  <  L.  sub,  under,  +  premo, 
press.]  Syn.:  see  abate;  abolish;  hide:  repress;  subdue; 
restrain. — sup-press'er,  sup-pres'sor,  re. — sup-pres'- 
sion,  re. — sup-pres'slv(es,  a.    Tending  to  suppress. 

sup'pu-rate,  1  sup'yu-ret;  2  sup'yu-rat,  vi.  [-RAT"EDd; 
-rat"ing.]  To  form  or  generate  pus;  maturate.  [<L. 
sub,  under,  +  pus  (pur-),  pus.] — sup"pu-ra'tlon,  n. — 
sup'pu-ra"tlv(es,  a.  I.  a.  Tending  to  or  producing  sup- 
puration.   II.  re.    A  remedy  promoting  suppuration. 

su'pra-,  1  siu'pra-;  2  su'pra-,  prefix.  Above;  beyond;  In  such 
adjectives  as  su"pra-niax'll-la-ry  (pertaining  to  the  upper 
jaw);  su"pra-mun'dane  (placed  above  the  world;  super- 
natural); su"pra-or'bl-tal  (above  the  orbit  of  the  eye); 
su"pra-re 'nal  (situated  above  the  kidneys,  etc.)  [<  L. 
supra-,  <  supra,  above] 

su-prenie',  1  siu-prim';  2  sfi-prem'.  I.  a.  Highest  in 
power,  degree,  estimation,  etc.;  utmost.  II.  n.  1.  The 
supreme  or  highest  point;  acme.  2.  One  who  is  above 
the  rest;  a  superior;  chief.  [  <  L.F  supremus,  superl.  of 
superus,  higher.]  Syn.:  see  absolute;  first:  imperial; 
paramount;  predominant.— the  Supreme  Being,  God; 
the  Deity. — su-prem'a-cy,  re.  The  state  of  being  supreme; 
supreme  power  or  authority.  Syn.:  see  precedence;  vic- 
tory.— su-preme'ly,  adv. — su-preme'ness,  n. 

Supt .,  abbr.    Superintendent. 

sur-,  prefix.    Same  as  super-:  a  form  derived  from  the  French. 

SU'rab,  1  su'ra  or  siii'ra;  2  su'ra  or  su'ra,  re.  A  soft  twilled 
silk  stuff  for  women's  wear.  [Prob.  <  Swat,  India] 
surah  silkt.  [the  leg.    [<  L.  sura,  calf  of  the  leg.] 

su'ral,  1  siu'ral;  2  sil'ral,  a.    Of  or  pertaining  to  the  calf  of 

sur'ancet,  n.    Assurance,    sur'auncef. 

Su-rat',  1  sfl-rat';  2  su-rat',  n.  A  manufacturing  seaport 
town  in  Bombay  province,  India;  pop.  114,900. 

sur'base,  1  sur'bes;  2  sftr'bas,  re.  A  molding  or  border 
above  a  base,  as  that  above  the  baseboard  of  a  room. 

sur-cease'',  1  sur-sis';  2  sur-ces'.  I*,  vi.  To  cease  entirely  or 
finally.  II||.  re.  Absolute  or  final  cessation:  end.  [<  .OF- 
surseoir  (pp.  sursise),  <  L.  supersede!);  see  supersede.] 

sur-rharge',  1  sur-eharj';  2  sur-chiirg'.  I.  vt.  To  give  too 
gnat  a  charge  to;  overload.     II.  re.    An  excessive  load. 

sur'ciii-gle,  i  1  sur'sio-gl;  2  sur'cln-gl.     I.  tit.     [-hl(k)h; 

sur 'cin-glp,  J  -GLING.J    To  gird  or  fasten  with  a  surcingle 

II.  n.  1.  A  girth  or  strap  encircling  the  body  of  a  beast 
of  burden,  for  holding  a  saddle,  etc.  2.  A  girdle,  as  of 
a  robe.     [<  L.OF  super,  over,  -+-  cingulum,  belt.] 

sur 'coat,  1  sur'kot;  2sur'cBt,  re.  An  outer  coal  or  garment; 
in  the  middle  ages,  a  loose  robe  worn  over  armor. 

surd,  1  surd;  2  surd.  I.  a.  1.  Matli.  Incapable  of  being  ex- 
pressed in  rational  numbers;  irrational,    'i-  I'lmii.  Produced 

by  the  organs  of  speech  without  voice  or  lone;  not  sonant. 

II.  n.  I.  Math.  An  Irrational  number  or  quantity,  espe- 
cially an  in. iie.iied  mot  that  ear i  be  extracted,  as  V-     2. 

l'hon.  A  consonant  sound  made  With  the  vocal  cords  apart 

so  that  they  do  nut  produce  voice  or  tone,  as  /'.  t.  s,  or  k: 
opposed  to  a  sonant,  as  b,  it.  z,  g.    [<  L.  twain,  deaf.] 

sure,  1  shur;  2  shur,  a.     1.  Not  liable  to  change  or  failure; 

stable;  infallible.  2.  Kit ,  proper,  or  deserving  to  be  de- 
pended on;  reliable;  trustworthy,     3.  Free  from  doubt; 

certain;  positive.  4.  Certain  ol  obtaining,  attaining,  or 
retaining  something:  with  of.    5||.  Safe;  secure.    [<  F, 


»urf 

-  >»  .tn 


I  It,  pollee:   obey.  gA;   nnt.Ar;   full.  rOle;   but.  bOrn; 

I     >  U         iii  i  .,     .,    Or,  irte,        7TH 


III 

make  ».. 

-ore   l>. 

! 

Mir.    1 1  -  ~  li  1 1 
»urf. 


A  tiUnln 

- ii r   li  ii. 

•  ur   in    . 


-ur.   i > -ahl|h 

'  breaka 

- 1 1  r  I   \ . 
>•  •  .  I. 

illj  .   in   make 

II.         I.  pari  iii 

ui'l  tliirkn 

has  length  and  breadth, 

appearance 

-ur   l.u-ir. 

to  lumber;  a 

-ur   1. 11  .|ng   iii.i-i  him 
I    . 

.  supply  nr  be  sup- 

II.  I.     I   III-  Hit 

Irinking;  alao, 
'.'.    1  he  result  of 

-ur  fili-iT.  n. 
*mt~i  .iii..  i  iriglnally  belonging 

•  he  earth:  contrasted  In  go- 
- 
*urg.. 

~llr-'    •  I  !       L'.'lM.    j 

high  and  r<  ■!  1  onward  with  a  swelling 
and  •  II.  i.    \  large 

if  surging:  a 
:  great  waves.     [<  L.'  nirgo, 

CO.'.'-  -.-,■     U    \\   | 

MB  o  "ii.  .  |.          wno  practises 

t  :ii  the  military  or  naval 

!-  '                    /">',  < 

-ur 'geon  Hah",  n     a  u est> 

IndLi 

the  tail     tar'ger-y,  i.   i    ,   branch  of  the 

healing  art  •  rormlties,  and  morbid 
conditions  • 

atrua             !  treatment  ur  advice 

Is  regularly  give-,       -ur'gl-cal.  «ur'gl-('al-l> . 

Sd    rl-n  till   .  Dutch  I 

-ur  i..in  tymologlcally correcl  form. 

-url>.  ]        -  h;  2  -ur'ly.  n.     [sub'li-EB;  si  k'i.i-kst.]     1. 

.:nl  ill-humored;  crabbed;  cross;  gruff. 

i,  as  a  reply. 

•1-    I  iroidding;    I  as   weather. 

,  meaning,  Uke  a  lord.]  Syn.: 

see  hauchtt;  mob  rarlMy,  iar1l-ness, 

-lir-llll-i      .  ■:.[.'.        |.    ,(         [.,    n-Ml-l.1,'; 

moerning  on  .-light 
: ill    ground-       II.  \    • 

••        '     -i.gi.t    evidence;    -uppo-ition        [l'l    ,  I'.-mi     pp. 

i  38;    .-i  ppobe; 

-iir-iNi.iini     .    .     lOT-maunt';  2   sur-mount',   tI.      1.   To 

•  ior  t'-;  conquer.    2. 
-  over.     Syn.: 
-or-i ini'i-lil  e   .  -ur-miuiiil  '■  r. 

-iir'naim-.  .  Hr'n&m or sur-n&m'. 

'  II 

ily  name. 

-ur-|i.i--  '  •    .  ,.,i,d  or 

i :  i.m'i      Ant.:  be  Inferior, 
'ill.  fall  behind,  fall  short,  yield, 

"      :■■■■■:■       :■  M   'v    -;;.'.':;  ,<.        -ur-pa-- 'a-hl   e    .    ■ 

tarr  pass  Tag,  ellent.    -If,  i 

sur'plb  e»l  \  loose  whto 

-ur'pli-  .  and  chorisl 

-ur'plu-.  i. 

II-  .'it  which  remains 

-ur   phi--    . 

-nr-iiri/i  '  !  l  sar-pnnV;2  I.         »ob-pbjzed'; 

Mir-pri-.  /'iv,  j     1.  To  strike  with  astonish- 

le  upon  sud- 


di  "1%  and  unexp<  i  ially,  to  take  al  a  disad 

lx  ii.iv    often  »iili  into. 

•  II-       i  pi  Isina .  a  • i- 

1 1. ii  d  stati      S.  An  lines 
pooled  even!       II   LL«up*r,  upon,  |   prsndo,  grasp.] 

-ur-prl/   .,1.  I  ,,  I    nf   turprlsl  -ur- 

prl-'.il  -ur-prl/   Inii-h  .  -ur-prl-  'Iiik-I)  ;. 

-ur    r.  -|..ln    il.r.  I  he  phllhtirt's  ansu  er  lo  I  he  ilcfell- 

iider. 
-ur-ri'iin  .1  Oven  Idden;  worn  out 

-ur-ri  n   iii  r.    !  A  I .    |., 

i  to  another  undo  npi  r  ioi  foroi  .  en  a 

op,  as  to  an  enerm  in  ws  '.'.  ro  resign  in  favor  ol 

another;  relinquish     S.  To  yield  to  am  influence,  paa- 

or  power:  a  reflexive  use     |-    I   ' '  ""  rupsr,  over, 

do,  give  bai  tndon,  alienate,  capitulate, 

up,  give  over,  lei  i  o,  sacrifice,  j  laid. 

torrltorj  fur  a  conslderatloi 

■  toa  oonqueror;  a  mllltar]  oommandor  abandoni  an 

untenable  position  or  unavailable  We  ratfnftrte/k  a 

claim,  (nothing  precious  through  error,  friendship, 

or  dtity.i/fWi/  in  ii i n \  'Incur  tronger will, winsome 

persuasion,  or  superior  toroe.     To  yitU  i-  to  give  plai r 

give  way  under  pressure,  and  hence  under  oompulalon. 
>  i<  /</  Implies  more  softness  or  oonoe  Blon  than  twrender; 
the  inn-i  determined  nun  may  wrrender  to  overwhelming 
force;  whan  one  vteldi,  hissplrll  la  al  leas)  somewhat  sub- 
dued.    See  Mi  UTOOW. 

siir-ren'der-er,   a       -iir-ren 'iler-nr;  [I. awl. 

Mir-ren'der,  n.  The  aol  of  surrendering  one's  person  to 
another,  or  the  possession  of  something  to  another 

Mir"rc|>-ii 'lions,  i  sur'vp-ti.-i,  .    ,  g    Hr*8p-tteh'os,  a. 
Accomplished  by  secret  orimpropei  means;  clandi 
i  raplo, snatch.]   Ay. adv. 

BOr'rey,  1  sort;  L!  sftr'y,  n.  [U.  8.]  A  lighl  pleasure*ve- 
hicls,  having  two  seats,  four  wheels,  and  sometimes  a 
top.  [courtier,  soldier,  poet,  and  scholar. 

Sur'rey,  Karl  of  (1516   I -"> i T .      Henry  Howard,  an  English 

siir'rn-g:t(e,  1  >fir',,-grt ;  2  But/o -r:<<.  n       I.  One  who  or 
thai  which  is  substituted  for  another;  a  substitute.    2. 
Law     \  person  appointed  by  ah  ecclesiastical  offi- 
cer to  art  in  las  place.     3.  1 1  ,8  ]  A  probate  judge. 
[<  i,.  turrogatus,  pp.  of  turrogo,  substitute.] 

-iir-roimd'1,  1  BD-round';  2  su-round',  vt.  1.  To  place 
something  around;  shut  iti  on  all  sides;  encompass.  2. 
To  constitute  a  border  or  enclosure  around;  be  on  all 
of;  enclose;  encircle.  8[|.  To  ^<<  completely 
around.  4f.  To  flood;  inundate:  the  original  meaning. 
[<  I..I-1  ■■"  above,   •    uu*i<i,  wave.]    Syn.:  compass, 

encompass,  environ,  hem  In,  Invest  Bee  embrace,  sur- 
round 'lug,  n.  1.  That  which  environs  or  surrounds,  or  any 
part  nf  it:  usually  In  the  plural.  2.  The  act  of  one  who  sur- 
rounds 

sur-sol'ld,  1  sur-sfil'id:  2  sur-sol'ld.  M'Uh.  I.  a.  <  )f  llie  llflh 
degree.  II.  n.  The  lift h  power  of  a  quantity.  [  <  8UR-  + 
-i  ii  in  | 

sur-tout',  1  sur-tilt'  or  sur-til';  2  m'ir-tut'  or  sur-tu',  n.  A 
close»flttlng  overcoat,    [i..         ur-  [see  sub-)  +  tout,  all] 

Sun .,  abbr.    Burveylng,  sur\'eyor. 

sur-vcll'lanco,  1  sur-vSlans  or  -vel'ysns;  2  stir-vfilanc 
or  -vervain;,  ti .  Tin-  act  of  watching,  or  the  slate  of 
being  watched;  a  spying  supervision.  [F.,  <  aurveiller, 
superintend.]     Syn.:  see  ovkbsight.     sur-vell'lant.     is. 

I    .erclsine;  surveillance:  watehlnt;;  watchful.     II.  n.     <  )ne 
Who  Keeps  watch  so  as  lo  control;  an  overseer  or  a  spy. 

sur-vey',  1  sur-vr-';  2  sur-ve'.  I.  nf.  1.  To  determine 
accurately  the  area,  contour,  or  boundaries  of  by  mea- 
Buring  lines  and  angles  and  applying  the  principles  "t 
geometry  and  trigonometry.    2.  To  view  in  its  entirety; 

look  over  as  from  a  height.     8.  To  view  carefully  and 

minutely;  scrutinize;  inspect.  II.  n  I.  Tin- operation 
or  n-iili-  of  surveying;  also,  a  department  or  corps  for 
carrying  on  sue),  operations.  2.  A  general  or  compre- 
hensive view;  an  overlooking.  3.  A  scrutinizing  view; 
inspection.  4.  (!'.  8.]  A  district  for  the  collection  of 
customs  under  tin-  inspection  and  authority  of  a  par- 
ticular officer.  [<  I..or  super,  over,  +  video,  see.] 
Syn.:  sec  look.— sur-vey'lng,  n.  The  art  of  determining 
the  ana  or  configuration  Of  portions  of  the  surface  of  the 
earth  anil  representing  them  on  maps,  sur-vey'or,  n. 
-ur-tite',  1  -ur-vniv';  2  sur-viv',  r.  [hi;h-vived';  sur- 
\i\'i-.<;)  1. 1  To  outlive;  outlast;  live  through.  II.  i. 
To  remain  I  •'  1.  " ■•'  super,  over,  +  vivo, 

live. |  Syn.:  see  live  sur-vlv'al,  n.  1.  The  act  of  sur- 
vivlnt';  an  outliving,  'i.  Something  surviving.-  survival  of 
the  fittest  [Biol  ,  In  the  theory  of  evolution,  the  preeerva- 
tlon  and  propagation  Of  certain  favored  forms  In  the  struggle 
fore-  best  ntteii  to  conditions. — sur-vl'vor,  n. 

-ur-\l\  'it:,  sur-vl'vor-shlp,  n.  1.  The  state  of  surviv- 
ing.    S.  /.'in      The  right  of  a  surviving  party,  having  a  joint 

Interest  with  others  in  property,  to  take  the  whole  estate. 


1: 3°=  final;    1  =  hablt^   aisle;    ail  =  out;    ell;    lfi  =  ie«d;    cliin;    go;    t)=sms;    fhin,   this. 
1H9         2:  wfllf,  do;  book,   boot;   full,   rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  .gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


surf 
swan 


Su'sa,  1  su'sa;  2  su'sa,  n.    An  ancient  capital  of  Persia. 

Su-san'na,  1  su-zan'a;  2  sii-gan'a,  re.  Bib.  (1)  A  Jewish  cap- 
tive in  Babylon  whose  life  Daniel  saved.  (2)  The  book  of 
the  Apocrypha  containing  the  story  of  Susanna. 

sus-cep'ti-bl(ep,  1  su-sep'ti-bl;  2  su-cSp'ti-bl,  a.  1. 
Yielding  readily;  capable  of  being  influenced,  acted-on, 
or  determined:  usually  with  of  or  to.  2.  Having  delicate 
sensibility;  sensitive;  impressionable.  [F.,  <  L.  sub, 
under,+  capio,  take.]  sus-cep'tiv(esl. — sus-cep"ti-bil'- 
I-ty,  re.  sus-cep'ti-bHe-nessPJ.— sus-cep'ti-bly, adv. — 
sus-cep'tlv(e-nesss,  re.    sus"cep-tiv'i-tyl. 

sus-cep'tlon§,  re.    The  act  of  taking  or  assuming. 

SUS-pect'd,  1  sus-pekt';  2  sus-p6ct',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  imag- 
ine to  exist;  mistrust;  conjecture.  2.  To  infer  the  pos- 
sible guilt  of  (a  person)  on  slight  or  no  evidence.  3.  To 
view  as  questionable;  doubt;  distrust.  II.  i.  To  be  sus- 
picious, as  of  a  person's  guilt,  duplicity,  etc.  [  <  L.F 
sub,  beneath,  +  spicio,  see.]  Syn.:  be  distrustful,  be  sus- 
picious, conjecture,  distrust,  doubt,  have  suspicion  of,  mis- 
trust, surmise.     See  doubt;  guess. — sus-pect'er,  re. 

sus-pect',  n.    A  person  suspected  of  a  crime  or  the  like. 

sus-pend'd,  1  sus-pend';  2  sus-p6nd',  v.  1.4.  1.  To  cause 
to  hang  down  from  a  support.  2.  To  sustain  in  the  body 
of  a  fluid,  as  fine  dust  in  the  air.  3.  To  interrupt;  stay. 
4.  To  hold  in  a  state  of  indecision.  5.  To  debar  from 
any  privilege,  function,  occupation,  etc.  6.  To  make 
to  depend:  with  on  or  upon.  II.  i.  To  cease  from  oper- 
ation; stop  payment.  [<  L.F  sub,  under,  +  pendo, 
hang.) 

Syn.:  debar,  defer,  delay,  discontinue,  fail,  hang,  hinder, 
Intermit,  interrupt,  stay,  stop,  withhold.  See  adjourn. — 
Ant.:  begin,  continue,  expedite,  keep  on,  keep  up,  prolong, 
protract,  urge  on. — Prep.:  suspend  from  a  support,  by  a  cord, 
above  or  over  any  object;  suspend  ore  or  upon  certain  condi- 
tions; suspend  from  office. — suspended  animation,  tem- 
porary loss  of  vital  force,  simulating  death. — sus-pend 'er, 
re.  One  who  or  that  which  suspends;  one  of  a  pair  of  straps 
for  supporting  the  trousers.  —  sus-pense't,  a.  1.  Sus- 
pended; also,  held  back.  2.  Held  in  doubt;  expressing  doubt. 
— sus-pense'lyt,  adv. — sus-pense',  re.  1.  The  state  of 
being  uncertain,  undecided,  or  insecure.  2||.  The  state  of 
being  suspended.  Syn.:  see  doubt. — sus-pen'sion,  re. 
The  act  of  suspending;  also,  that  which  is  suspended. — sus- 
pension bridge,  any  bridge  in  .o| 
which  the  roadway  is  hung  from 
cables  or  the  like,  without  support 
from  below,  over  the  interval  to  be 


Manhattan  Suspension  Bridge,  New    <—S 
York:    cost,    $14,000,000;    length, 
6,855  ft.;  height  above  mean  high" 
water  mark,  149  ft.;  opened  1909. 

crossed. — sus-pen  'si  v(es,  a.  Tending  to  suspend  or  to  keep 
In  suspense.— sus-pen'so-ry.  I.  a.  Suspending;  sustaining; 
delaying.     II.  re.     [-hiesz,   pi.)    That  which  suspends. 

sus-pi'cion,  1  sus-pi.sVan;  2  sus-pish'on,  re.  1.  Conjec- 
ture; doubt;  mistrust.  2.  [Colloq.]  The  least  particle, 
as  of  a  flavor.  Syn.:  see  doubt. — sus-pi 'clous,  a.  1.  In- 
clined to  suspect.  2.  Questionable.  3.  Indicating  sus- 
picion.   Syn.:  see  envious;  equivocal,    -ly,  adv.   -ness,  re. 

sus-plre',  1  sus-puir':  2  sus-plr',  vt.  &  t<i.  [-pired';  -fm'nro.j 
[Poet,  or  Obs.]  To  sigh;  long  for;  breathe  out.  [<  L.OF  sub, 
under,  -f  spiro,  breathe.] — sus"pi-ra'tlon,  re. 

Siis"c|ui'-han'na.  1  sus'kwi-han'a;  2  sus'kwe-han'a.  re.  A 
river  in  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  and  Maryland;  420  m.  to 
<  ihesapeake  Bay. 

sus-tain',  1  sus-ten';  2  siis-tan',  yt.  1.  To  uphold,  as  a 
weight.  2.  To  endure  without  yielding;  undergo;  Buffer. 
3.  To  keep  up  the  courage  or  spirits  of.  4.  To  keep 
alive;  support.  5.  To  establish;  prove.  [<  L.olr  sub, 
under,  -f  teneo,  hold.]  sus-tenet.  Syn.:  see  aid:  assent; 
carry;  confirm;  endure;  help;  keep;  preserve;  prop; 
support.—  sus-taln'a-bKeP,  a.— sus-taln'er,  ». — sus'te- 
nance,  re.  The  act  or  process  of  sustaining;  also,  .subsis- 
tence; food.  Syn.:  see  food;  nutriment.— siis"ten-ta'- 
tlon,  re.     Support  of  life:  maintenance,     sus-ten 'tlonSt. 

su-sur'rus,  1  nlu-stir'us:  2  sfi-.sur'us,  re.  A  gentle  sibilant 
murmur;  whisper;  rustling.     [L.] 

SUt'ler,  1  sut'lar;  2  siit'ler,  re.  A  small  trader  who  follows 
an  army  and  who  is  licensed  to  sell  goods  and  food  to  the 
soldiers.  [<  MI>.  soetelcr,  <  mrtvlen,  peddle.]— sut'- 
ler-shlp,  re.     sut'Ier-y,  re. 

sut-tee',  1  su-tl':  2  8ti-te'  re.    Formerly,  the  immolation  of  a 


Hindu  widow  on  the  funeral  pyre  of  her  husband:  now  for- 
bidden.    [Hind,  sail.]    sa-ti'l. — sut-tee'isin,  n. 

SU'ture,  1  siu'ehur  or  -tiur;  2  su'ehur  or  -tfir,  n.  1.  The 
junction  of  two  surfaces  or  edges,  especially  the  joining 
of  two  bones  by  mutually  serrated  edges,  as  in  the  skull. 
2.  The  act  or  operation  of  uniting  parts  by  stitching,  as 
in  surgery;  also,  the  thread  or  other  material  used  in  the 
operation.  [  <  L.  sutura,  <  sutus,  pp.  of  suo,  sew.] — 
su'tur-al,  a. 

su'ze-rain,  1  siu'zi-ren;  2  su'ze-ran,  re.  One  invested 
with  superior  or  paramount  authority;  a  nation  having 
paramount  control  over  another:  used  also  attribu- 
tively.    [F.] — su'ze-rain-ty,  re. 

S.  V.,  abbr.  Sancla  Virgo  (L.,  Hoiy  Virgin),  Sanclitas  Vestra 
(L.,  Your  Holiness),  Sons  of  Veterans. — s.  v.,  abbr.  [L.] 
Sub  verbo  or  voce  (under  the  word). — S.  W.,  abbr.  South- 
west, southwestern.  —  S»v.,  Swed.,  nbhr.     Sweden.  Swedish. 

swab,  1  swob;  2  swab.  I.WT~Tswabbed;  swab'bing.]  To 
clean  out  with  a  swab.  II.  n.  A  cleaning  utensil  con- 
sisting of  a  soft  absorbent  substance  on  the  end  of  a 
handle.  [Of  D.  origin.]  swobi.— swab'ber,  n.  swob'bert. 

Swab.,  abbr.     Swabia,  Swabian. 

Swa'bi-a,  1  swe'bi-a;  2  swa'bi-a,  re.  An  ancient  duchy  In 
S.  W.  Germany;  ancient  Alemannia. — Swa'bi-an,  a.  &  re. 

swad'dle, )  1  swed'l;  2  swad'l,  vt.     [swad'dled;  swad'- 

swad'dF,  )  dling.]  To  wrap  around  with  a  bandage; 
especially,  to  wrap  (an  infant)  around  with  a  long  strip 
of  linen  or  flannel;  swpthe.  [<  AS.  swethel,  <  swe- 
thlan,  band.] — swad'dling*band",  re.  A  long  strip  of  linen 
or  cotton  wound  around  an  infant,  confining  the  limbs. 

swag,  1  swag;  2  swag,  vt.  I.  [Prov.  Eng.]  To  swing  heavily. 
2.  [Austral.]  To  tramp,  bearing  a  swag.  3t.  To  sag.  [< 
Norw.  svaga,  sway.] — swag'man,  re.  [Slang,  Austral.]  One 
who  seeks  work,  carrying  his  bundle  or  swag. 

swag,  re.  1.  [Slang.]  Property  obtained  by  robbery  or  theft; 
plunder;  booty.  2.  [Austral.]  A  swagman's  bundle  or  pack, 
as  of  baggage.    [<  swag,  v.] 

swag'bel"lyt,  1  swag'bel"i;  2  swag'beT'y,  re.  A  person  having 
a  protuberant  abdomen. — swag'bel"liedt,  a. 

swage1,  1  swej;  2  swag,  vt.  [swaged;  swag'ing.]  To  shape 
(metal)  with  or  as  with  a  swage  or  swage=block.    swedgei. 

swage2t,  vt.    Same  as  assuage. 

swage,  1  swej;  2  swag,  n.  A  tool  or  form,  often  one  of  a 
pair,  for  shaping  metal  by  hammering  or  pressure. 
[Prob.  <  F.  suage,  <  suer,  perspire.]  swedgei. — swage'* 
block",  re.  A  heavy  iron  block  or  anvil  having  grooves  or 
holes  for  shaping  metal,  upsetting  bolts,  etc. 

swag'ger,  1  swag'ar;  2  swag'er.  I.  vi.  1.  To  walk  with  a 
swaying  motion;  strut.  2.  To  boast;  bluster.  II.  re. 
Braggadocio.  [Frequentative  <  Norw.  svaga,  sway.] 
— swag'ger-er,  re.— swag'ger-ing,  a.  &  n. — swag'ger- 
ing-ly,  adv. 

swain,  1  swen;  2  swan,  n.  1.  A  youthful  rustic;  a  lover. 
21".  A  squire;  also,  a  male  servant.  [<  Ice.AB  sveinn, 
vouth.]  [swallt. 

swale,  n.     Low,  marshy  ground.     [<  Ice.  svalr,  bleak.] 

swal'low,  1  swel'o;  2  swal'o,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  take  into 
the  stomach,  as  food.  2.  To  engulf  or  cause  to  disap- 
pear: usually  with  up.  3.  To  believe  credulously.  4. 
To  endure  quietly  or  submissively.  5.  To  recant.  II.  i. 
To  perform  the  act  of  deglutition.  [  <  AS.  swelnan, 
swallow.]    Syn.:  see  absorb. — swal'low-cr,  re. 

swal'low1,  n.  1.  That  which  is  swallowed  at  once;  the 
act  of  swallowing.  2.  The  gullet.  3.  A  sink-hole.  4f. 
An  abyss;  whirlpool;  also,  a  pit.    swal'owef. 

swal  'low2,  re.  1.  A  small  bird  with  short,  broad,  depressed 
bill,  long,  pointed  wings,  forked  tail,  and  weak  feet: 
noted  for  swiftness  of  flight.  See  bird.  2.  Some  other 
similar  bird,  as  a  swift.  [<  AS.  swalcwe,  swallow.]  — 
swal  'low  stall",  re.  Something  resembling  or  suggesting  a 
swallow's  tail,  as  a  variety  of  large  butterfly,  a  swallow* 
tailed  coat  (the  modern  form  of  dress  coat),  etc.— swal'- 
lowstalled",  a.  1.  Having  a  tall  like  or  suggestive  of  that 
of  a  swallow.    2.  In  joinery,  dovetailed.     swal'low*tall"t. 

swam,  1  swam;  2  swam,  imp.  of  swim.  r. 

swamp,  1  swomp;  2  swamp.     Ie.  vt.  &  vi.    1.  To  sink,  as  a 
boat,  by  filling  with  water. 
2.     To     ruin;     be     over- 
w  helmed  wii  b  difficult  ies. 

II.  n.       A  tract  or  region 

of  low  land  saturated 
with  water;  a  wet  l»>ir. 
[  <  Dan.  svamp,  sponge, 
fungus.]       swamp 'share", 

II.      A    Marc  frei|iient  Inn    Hie 

swamps  of  the  southern 
United  States,     s.erabbltl. 

or  like  a  swamp;  boggy. 

swan,  1  swen;  2  swan,  n..    1.  A  large,  web'footed,  very 

long-necked  bird,  noted  lor  its  gra08  on  the  wafer.     2§. 


« 


Swamp-hare,      '/u 
Swamp 'f,  a.     Pertaining   to 


*>\V     lll-i      I 

->»  I  III 


>  pHhr;  bit,  p    i       a  mil.  rflic;  bot,  l>Om: 

•      >       ft      *hat.  all;  ii.  (I        iii         i        ,o    ..    o    mil,.      ;so 


IWMl'l 

i  otlon 


II 


I.  I       II   p'  .     -U    1P1- 

inothcr); 
Pi 

swop  . 

il> 

I  I  ir<  1  <>n  .  i  n\  .r 

.••rr.l 

I .  i  thickly  covered 


»»*ri1. 

II 

nrard, 

.'  .  \  -km;  rind    [  <  AS       •  trtt,  nkm  ] 

»»»r.  '  -»i  m,  r. 

-» .ir  in  .  I.  I.    I' KJUPJ    in 

'.'.   [*o  l>nnK  fi>rt li  in  swarms      II. 
i  '.'. 

d  out  a  Dew  colon}  :  said  of  1" 

-  in  a  body.    :i.  To  be  filled  with 
\-        irman,    <   atoaarm, 

•»jf"i  .  i        nil.  by  clasping  around  with 

. -i  l*  anil  llmt«s.    fVai 

-warm.         i  .-„•,•  number  '>r  body  ol  In 

\  hive  "i  bees     (2)  A  large 
nun. 

the  purnu*-  of  taking  up  new  lodgings,  accompanied  by  a 
qu<»  •  as,  animals,  or  things 

>  irm     Bynj  ass  tuh  k 
awart,  l.  swarthy:  also,  poi 

lutel .  !  malignant ;  gloomy, 

swartbt.     -   □    -  ■  dark. 
>»*rth  .  -•'.    •      i.     irohalc  or  Poet.]  Same 

An  unripe  crop  <if  hay. 

issitft'  .  •.     -.  ■  ■    .-  iwath:  corrupt  form. 

-«.irtir>.    .  rarth'y,    a.     [bwahth'i-eb; 

-w  UtTH't-  .    rk   hue;   of  « lark   or  BUn- 

burm-d  complexion;  tawny.    (<  AS.  swart.]    swart    ; 
»i»art')t.    BrnjseenASi      rwartbl-ly,         -swarth'l- 

I   irth    ii.  -  -    ;    -u.irt  " 1 1 « ■  —    . 

imaV  a.     I1,  si.    1.  To  dash  or  wash 

with-  .'.  plaah  water  about.    3.  To 

brat  II.  n.    1.  The  splash  of  a  liquid.    'J.   \ 

•  brough  which  tides  flow.    [  <  Sw.  dial. 

r.;  -swash *>■  rlt*Ier,  daggering  ruffian. — 

»wa»h'burk"1cr-liik:.  -u.is|i'hijck"llug,  «.      IWasIl'- 

•  r,  .--art;   bully.-    fWaSD.'lllg,   pa.      1. 

. -.-crlng   about:    blustering       !.    (  rushing;    violent. — 
.-111),  ndt. 
(was'tt-ka,  1  swas'ti-ka:  2  swas'tl-ka.  n       A   prlmlt: 
--•    .'lous    ornament,     having 

s»a-'tl-ea:. 
-  ■•*  ith,    . 

hth,  ri.     1.  A  row  or  line  of 
cut  grass.    ''.  cut  by  a 

a  single 
I  figuratively  in  both 
senses.     |<  AS.  ttoathu, 
swath.     . 
ID  it  in-,  l  swetb;    _-  I.    • 

-  a  ATit'iN.,  ]    To  bind 
1 1. 

■'■  i,  hand]  swathj. 

I.        I .  lean  or  incline 

rejudice.    2.  :  incline, 

tically,  to  move  with  the 

3.  To  direct,  influence,  or  control  by 

authority  or  by  moral  suasion;  rule.    4.  Naut. 

wing  into  pla  11.  >     LToin- 

'line  back  ana  forth;  ;.  To  bend  or 

•  igja,  lean :  cp  8w. 

••  1      Synj   see    oovk.rn:    !•■>  i  ■,■■■>  .    -iiaki.    - 
swa) 'back",  n.     A  swaybacked  animal      IWSJ*»hSf  ItHl". 

kek  sagged  unnaturally,  as  a  BOf 
BSM  k:.     -wayd",  pp. 
h»a>,    n       1.    Power  exercised   in   governing;   dominion; 


Swastika. 


na\  ing,  III >■  :tll\  ..I  timmtiv  .  U 
■  1  I  I   I  s.  ► 
IWVal,  I.  To 1 1  iiml  run  il.mii.  M  tin-  tal 

low  of  a  oandla  8.  ro  burn  awaj  slowly.  [<  KB.  notion, 
burn      iwalt 

-»e.ir.     1  [bWI i    -u  Mil      .    m\\ii|{\. 

-wi  vu'iN..  I    I.  i     i.  To  ut i  affirm  solemnly,  with 

an  appeal  to  i  .i  hing  hi  LI  sacred;  mat  • 

■'inn .'iiimnatiiiu     ■;.  r. . iiii.i  |.i..i..i  :i.  i.. 

ailim  :.  oal  h  to      4 .  I  ■■  proiui  .  w  ith  no  oath 

olrmn  affirmation;  \..»      S.    to  declare  or  affirm 

hi H. n  oath;  t.-ni\      II.  i      I.  I ..  give  tostin y  under 

oath  '.'.  I"  *••»  S,  I"  uttci  profanity;  blaspheme; 
ourss  K8     rsrtaa,  swoar.l    Syrj     oe  imaii;  pkbjori 

i  watt  '>  ■ . 

sweat,  i  i  «  i  v  i ' 

swet'.JrNo]  I..'  I.  ro  end  forth  through  the  pores 
i.  [DoUoq  or  <  >i.       I  u  .<■   with  i»  i  ipiration     S. 

To  oause  i"  perspire  frcelj      4.  [CoUoq.j  To  extort 
money  or  labor  from    H-  roforo  or  bringout  thi  moi 
tun  ut.  as  wood  In  a  charcoal>kiln     8.   i"    1 1 1 -j. -<-t  to 
fermentation  for  loosening  the  hair,  a  '<■  rojoin, 

a-,  metal  objects,  by  applying  heal  after  binding  i" 
gether  with  soldei  8.  I  o  wi  ai  awaj  oi  pare,  aa  ruin-., 
i  illy  in  an  illegal  manner.  II.  t  I.  To  exude  sen- 
sible moisture  from  the  pores  "i  the  .-kin;  especially,  to 
perspire  exoeeaivelj  'i.  To  exude  moisture  in  drops: 
also,  to  gather  or  become  the  seat  of  moisture,  as  a  plant 
nr  a  pitcher  3.  To  exude  through  pon  a  in  .h  manner 
resemblir^  perspiration  I.  To  toil;  drudge:  used  also 
figuratively.    |-    iS  K,  sweat  |     sweat'- 

er.  a.    1. 1 u  in,  «,r  that  which  sweats:  specif.,  an  employer 

who  underpays  and  overworka  his  employees,  't.  A  heavy 
|ersey«Uke  outside  garment,  used  by  athletes,  sweat'lng- 
Blek"nes8,  n  Malaria.  Bweat'lng<fe"Tert.  sweating 
system,  the  system  by  which  a  contractor  employs  workers 
at  extortlonately  low  wages,  ;us  m  the  olothing'trade. — 
sweat  —Imp,  '  \  place  where  wort  la  done  lor  a  sweater 
or  under  the  sweating  system,  sweafy,  a.  l.  Molsl  «uii 
or  discolored  by  sweat,    'i-  Pertaining  to  sweat. 

sweat,  -  l.  Bensible  perspiration  of  animals,  or  any 
gathering  of  moisture  in  minute  drops  like  those  of  per- 
ipiration  on  the  skin.  Z.  The  aol  or  Btate  of  sweating; 
specifically,  sweating  Induced  by  drugs  or  artificial 
means  3«  Figuratively,  hard  labor;  drudgery.  4. 
[Colloq.]  Fuming  impatience;  worry;  hurry.  5.  The 
'  process  of  causing  to  sweat.  (Ii  A  shoii  rapid 
exercise  giyen  to  a  horse.  (2)  The  process  of  sweatmg 
hides  or  bricks.    I  <  AS.  statu,  sweat.] 

swed'dle,  1  swedl;  2  BwedO,  n.  [Prov.  Bug.]  To  swell:  pufl 
out.  [\'ar.  of  8WADDLB.] 

Swede,  l  swld;  2  Bwed,  n.  1.  A  native  or  naturalised  in- 
habitanf  ol  Sweden  'J.  A  Swedish  turnip.  See  m  ta- 
i)Ar;.\.  3t-  A  field  piece  made  by  wrapping  an  ir<m  I  ube 
with  rope  and  leather,  first  used  by  Gustavus  Adolphus, 
Swedish.  I.  a.  pertaining  to  Sweden,  the  Swedes,  <n 
their  language.    II.  r».    The  language  of  Sweden. 

Swe'den,  l  swl'den;  :.'  swe'den,  n.  \  kingdom  In  x.  !•:.  Eu- 
rope; the  E  part  of  the  Scandinavian  peninsula;  i7:(.t):ir,  bq. 
in  :  pop.  5,767,600;  capital,  Stockholm. 

Swe'den-borgi  l  swr'de&bSrg;  ~z  swCden-borg,  Bmannel 
(1688  177-  .  a  Swedish  mystic  and  philosopher.  Swe"- 
den-bor'gl-an,  n.  &.  ».    -Swe"den-hor'i{l-an-lsm,  n. 

■weep,  1  Bwlp;  2  swfip,  a,  [swept;  bwbep/ino  |  1. 1.  1. 
I  •!  collect,  remove,  nr  clear  away  with  a  broom.  "'.  To 
move  forcibly  and  with  ;i  broad  effect  over  or  through, 
literally  or  figuratively.  3.  To  cause  to  move  with  a 
swift  brushing  action.  4.  To  carry  or  drive  along  with 
force  or  thoroughness,  literally  nr  figuratively.  II.  i.  1. 
To  brush  a  tl'.'.r,  etc  .  with  sunn-  form  of  broom.  ''.■  I  o 
move  with  a  strong,  even  action.  3.  To  range  swiftly. 
4.  To  prest  nt  an  aspect  of  wide  extension  a.  To  extend 
as  if  made  by  a  long  swinging  movement.  (■•  To  pass 
with  a  swift  but  tately  motion  and  as  wearing,  or  as  it 
wearing,  a  tra  oUpan,  Bweep  I  Syn.:  sec  cleanse. 

sweep 'er,  n  t  me  who  or  that  which  weepe  Bweep'- 
Ing,  pn.  ( !arrylng  orr  or  clearing  away  with  a  driving  move- 
ment; carrying  ail  before  it;  general  and  thoroughgoing. 
-I>,  adv.     sweep'lngs,  n.  jti     Things  wwept  up;  refuse. 

■weep,  1  swlp;  2  Bw6p,  "  1.  The  a.t  or  r.sult  of  sweeping. 
I  i  Tin-  mot  inn  of  a  lotin  stroke  or  movement;  as,  a  mm  i>  of 
the  band.  (2)  The  act  of  clearing  out  or  getting  nd  of; 
hence,  removal  from  office  or  place;  as.  a  clean  sweep  of  the 
office-holders;  also,  a  clearance  ■'.  A  turning  of  the  eye 
or  of  optical  Instruments  over  the  Held  of  vision.  (4>  The 
winning  of  a  great  success,  as  In  an  election 
2.  The  range,  area,  or  compass  reached  by  sweeping,  as 
extent  of  stroke,  range  of  vision,  etc.;  direction  nr  ex- 
tent of  motion;  hence,  a  curve  or  bend,  as  of  a  scythe* 
blade,    etc.     3.      One  who   or  that   which  sweeps.      (1) 


4.  Acting  with  readiness; 


and 


9fii       o:8_ufin?';   u'-ihabJ^.   a,sle:    au  =  <>"t.    ®H:    10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    rj  =  sin(7;    Chin,   this.      Swansea 
781       2:wplt,  do;   book,    boot;   fijll,   rule,   dire,   but,   bQrn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink!    thin,    this.  swine 

A  piece,  as  of  a  machine,  along  which  something  sweeps. 
(2)  A  chimney-sweeper.  (3)  A  long,  heavy  oar.  (4)  A 
well*sweep.  4.  A  curved  roadway  or  approach  before 
a  building.  5.  pi.  Sweepings.— sweep  'stake",  adv.  In 
a  wholesale  manner.— sweep 'stakes",  n.  sinq.  &  pi.  1.  A 
gambling  arrangement  by  which  all  the  sums  staked  may  be 
won  by  one  or  by  a  few  of  the  bettors,  as  in  a  horse=race.  2.  A 
race  for  all  the  stakes.  3.  A  prize  in  a  sporting  contest  com- 
prising several  stakes,  sweep  'stake"}:. 
sweet,  1  swit;  2  swet.  I.  a.  1.  Agreeable  to  the  sense  of 
taste;  having  a  flavor  like  that  of  sugar.  2.  Fresh,  as 
opposed  to  salt,  sour,  or  rancid;  not  fermented  or  decay- 
ing. 3.  Gently  pleasing  to  the  senses  or  to  the  mind; 
agreeable;  lovely;  restful.  4.  Having  gentle,  pleasing, 
and  winning  qualities;  marked  by  kindness  and  amiabil- 
ity. Syn.:  honeyed,  luscious,  nectared,  saccharine,  sugared, 
sugary.    See  amiable;  lovely. 

II.  re.  1.  The  quality  of  being  sweet;  sweetness.  2. 
Something  sweet:  chiefly  in  the  plural,  as  confections  or 
home=made  liquors.  3.  A  beloved  person;  darling.  4. 
Something  agreeable  or  pleasing;  pleasure.  [<  AS 
swete,  sweet.]— sweet  potato,  same  as  potato,  2  —sweet's 
bay",  n.  1.  The  European  laurel.  3.  A  highly  ornamental 
tree  or  shrub,  with  evergreen  or  deciduous  leaves  and  large 
handsome  flowers.—  sweet'bread",  re.  The  pancreas  of  a 
calf  or  other  animal.— sweet'bri"er,  re.  a  stout  prickly 
rose  with  aromatic  leaves,  eg'lan-tinet;  sweet 'bri"arj. 
— sweet'en,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  make  sweet  or  sweeter  2. 
To  make  more  endurable;  lighten.  3.  To  make  wholesome. 
II.  i.  To  become  sweet  or  sweeter.  — sweet  'en-er,  re  — 
sweet 'en-ing,  re.  1.  The  act  of  making  sweet.  3.  That 
which  sweetens.—  sweet '=fern",  re.  A  shrub  of  the  north- 
ern United  States  and  Canada,  having  long  fern-like  fra- 
grant leaves.— s.=flag,  re.  A  plant  having  sword=shaped 
leaves  and  a  thick  creeping  rootstock  with  an  aromatic  fla- 
vor.— s.sgale,  re.  A  branching  shrub  with  both  fertile  and 
sterile  flowers  in  short  scaly  catkins,  and  resinous  dotted 
fragrant  leaves.— s.=gum,  re.  A  balsamiferous  tree  of  At- 
lantic North  America;  also,  balsam  or  gum  yielded  by  it 
al'H-ga"tor street;  Misted  ; ;  cork'=oak"t;  liq'uid-am"- 
barj.— sweet'heart",  re.  One  who  is  particularly  loved 
by  or  as  a  lover.— sweet'ing,  re.  1.  A  sweet  apple  311. 
A  sweetheart.— sweet  'ish,  a.  Somewhat  sweet,  -ness,  re 
— sweet 'Iy,  adv.  —  sweet  'meat",  re.  A  confection  pre^ 
serve,  or  the  like.— sweet'ness,  re.— s.=sop,  re.  A  tropical 
tree  allied  to  the  custard=apple,  or  its  egg=shaped,  scaly 
fruit.  —  s.= William,  re.  A  perennial  species  of  pink  with 
large  lanceolate  leaves  and  closely  clustered  showy  flowers 
swell,  |  2  swel;  2  sw61,  v.  [swelled,  sweld8,  or  swol'len- 
SweF,  J  swell'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To  increase  the  bulk  of; 
bulge;  enlarge  2.  Mus.  To  sing  or  play  with  combined 
crescendo  and  diminuendo,  as  a  note.  3.  To  raise  to 
arrogance;  puff  up.  II.  i.  1.  To  dilate  or  extend  in  di- 
mensions; be  inflated.  2.  To  increase  in  force,  intensity, 
or  volume.  3.  To  cause  or  have  a  sensation  of  enlarge- 
ment; be  puffed  up  or  elated;  be  pompous;  strut  4. 
To  rise  up  or  well  up;  roll  up;  grow  higher  and  larger- 
rise  in  waves;  undulate.    [  <  AS.  swellan,  swell.] 

Syn.:  bulge,  dilate,  distend,  enlarge,  expand,  increase  In- 
flate, pun  out,  puff  up.  See  puff.— Ant.:  contract,  decrease 
dwindle,  shrink,  shrivel,  wither.— swell'Ing,  re  1  The  act 
of  expanding,  inflating,  or  augmenting.  2.  Morbid  enlarge- 
ment of  a  part.  3.  A  protuberance. 
swell.  I.  a.  1.  [Slang.]  Of  or  pertaining  to  swells  or 
ultrafashionable  people;  hence,  of  the  height  of  fashion 
2.  Pertaining  to  a  sprain  or  swelling.  II.  n.  1.  The 
act,  process,  or  effect  of  swelling;  expansion.  2.  The 
long  continuous  body  of  a  wave;  a  billow;  hence,  a  rise 
of  or  undulation  in  the  land.  3.  A  bulge  or  protuber- 
ance. 4.  Mus.  (1)  The  union  of  crescendo  and  diminu- 
endo; also,  the  signs  (  <  >)  indicating  it.  (2)  A  device 
by  which  the  loudness  of  a  musical  instrument,  as  an 
organ,  may  be  increased  or  diminished.  5.  (Slang  1  A 
person  of  the  ultrafashionable  set.  Syn  :  see  wave 
swell 'fish",  1  swel'fitfh";  2  swel'flsh",  re.  A  fish  of  the'eastern 

coast  of  the  United  States  that  inflates  its  body  with  air. 
swel'tcr,  1  swel'tar;  2  sweTter,  vt.  &  vi.    To  oppress  or  be 
oppressed  with  heat.     [  <  AS.  swelsan,  die.]— swelter- 
ing, pa.    -Iy,  ado.— swcl'tryll,  a. 
swept,  1  swept:  2  swept,  imp.  &  pp.  of  sweep,  v. 
swerve, I  1  swurv;  2  swerv,  v.    [hwehv(e)dh;  sweuv'ino  ] 
swerv",  S  1. 1.    To  turn  from  a  course;  defied      II.  i     1. 
To  deviate  from  any  line,  rule,  etc.     2§.  To  rove-  wan- 
der. [<  AS.  sweorfan,  rub.]   Syn.:  see  FLUCTUATE;  wander 
swerve,  n.     The  act  of  swerving;  a  sudden  turning  aside 
swe'vent,  re.    A  dream. 

swift,  1  swift;  2  swift,  a.  1.  Traversing  a  great  space  or 
performing  many  movements  in  a  brief  lime;  rapid- 
quick.  2.  Capable:  of  quirk  motion;  f|.-,t  ;  .speedy  3.' 
Passing  rapidly,  as  time  or  events;  also,  coming' with- 


out warning;  unexpected, 
prompt. 

Syn.:  expeditious,  fast,  fleet,  flying,  hasty,  quick,  rapid 
speedy,    sudden.       See   impetu- 
ous;   nimble.— Ant.:  deliberate,        -r^te 
dilatory,     dull,     lingering,    slow, 
sluggish,  tardy. 
swift,  n.     1.  A  bird  of  swallow* 
like    form,     possessing    extra- 
ordinary powers  of  flight,  in- 
cluding the  builders  of  edible 
birds'  =  nests      (the     esculent 
swifts)  and  the  chimney=swifts 
(often  called  chimney  swallows) . 

2.  One  of  various  small  lizards   Chimney=swift 

3.  The  European  newt.      4.  A        lts  Nest-     V» 
reel  having  an  adjustable  diameter.     [<AS   swift    <  V 
of  sweep.]— swift'ly,  adv.— swlft'ness,  n. 

hwlft,  1  swift;  2  swift,  Jonathan  (1667-1745).  An  Irish  sat- 
irist, dean  of  St.  Patrick's,  Dublin;  Gullivers  Travels 

swift  er,  1  swift' ar;  2  swift' er,  re.  One  of  various  devices  for 
fastening  or  binding  something,  as  the  shrouds  of  a  vessel 
etc.    [<  Ice.  sviptingr,   <  svipla,  reef  sails.]— swift'er,  vl 

swig',  1  swig;  2  swig.  I.vt.&vi.  [swigged;  swig'ging  j 
[Colloq.]  To  drink  swigs  of,  as  liquor;  take  a  deep  draft 
II.  re.  1.  [Colloq.]  A  deep  draft,  2.  [Colloq  ,  Eng  j 
One  who  drinks  to  excess.     [<  AS.  swelgan,  swallow  ) 

s  ug2;  ■  '  NauL  To  tighten  (a  rope  that  is  fast  at  both  ends) 
by  hauling  thereon  at  right  angles  to  its  lead.     II.  n    Naut 

1.  A  hauling  on  the  bight  of  a  rope  fast  at  both  ends  2.  A 
tackle  having  diverging  falls.    [Var.  of  swag.] 

swill,  lswil;2swll.  I.vt.&vi.  1.  To  drink  greedily  and 
to  excess.  2.  To  fill;  inebriate:  often  used  reflexively 
3|j.  To  drench,  as  with  water;  rinse;  wash.  II.  n  1. 
Liquid  food  or  kitchen  refuse  given  to  swine.  2.  Liquor 
drunk  greedily  or  grossly ;  loosely,  liquor  in  general  [  < 
AS.  swilian,  bathe.] 

swim1,  1  swim;  2  swim,  v.  [swam  or  swum;  swum;  swim'- 
ming.]  1. 1.  1.  To  effect  (something)  by  natural  means 
ol  propulsion  in  water.  2.  To  move  in  or  pass  through 
or  over  (water)  by  such  means.  3.  To  cause  to  move  or 
be  borne  up  on  or  in  water.  4.  To  immerse  in  water  in 
order  that  the  lighter  parts  may  float.  II.  i.  1.  To 
move  through  water  by  natural  means  of  propulsion. 

2.  To  float;  be  buoyed  up  and  move  along.  3.  To  seem 
buoyed  up  and  moving  or  gliding  with  a  smooth  or  wav- 
ing motion;  as,  the  scene  swam  before  my  eyes.  4.  To 
be  borne  on  or  go  with  the  current;  figuratively,  to  con- 
form in  conduct  to  fashion  or  general  opinion;  as  to 
swim  with  the  tide.  5.  To  be  drenched  or  flooded.  6. 
To  overflow;  abound.  [  <  AS.  swimman,  swim  ] 
Syn.:  see  float—  swim  'mer,  re  —  swim'mlng,  ppr.  &  vn. 
— swim'ming-ly,  adv.  In  a  swimming  manner;  easily, 
rapidly,  and  successfully. 

swim2,  vi  To  be  dizzy;  have  a  giddy  sensation;  seem  to 
go  round.     [  <  AS.  swima,  swoon.] 

swim,  re.  1.  The  action  or  pastime  of  swimming.  2.  A 
gliding,  swaying  motion  or  movement.  3.  The  air-blad- 
der of  a  fish;  the  sound.  swim'=blad"der}.  4.  [Col- 
loq.] The  current  of  affairs,  especially  of  fashionable  life 

Swin'burne,  1  swin'barn;  2  swln'burn,  Algernon  Charles 
(1837-1909).    An  English  poet  and  dramatic  author 

SWin'dl(ep,  lswin'dl;2swln'dl.  I.vt.&vi.  [swin'dl(e)d8; 
swin'dling.]  To  cheat  and  defraud  grossly  or  deliber- 
ately.   II.  n.    The  act  or  process  of  swindling;  a  cheat- 


Nomenclature  of  a  Swine. 

rl,    Hlx.nl;    h.   our;  ,-,   nook;    ./,   Jowl;  ,',  shoulder;     '.    bMk;    i.    Inin.    /,,    rimiin   i, 

ham;  ;,  Bldeorribfj;  *,  fltnk;  (,  belly;  m,  (orwfluk;  n,  few  tog;  o,  kind  leg;  p,  tall, 

Ing;  cheat;  fraud.    [<  swindler]    Syn.:  (verb)  see  steal; 

(noun)  see  fraud.— swin'dling,  n. 
SWln'dler,    n.      One    wlio    swindles;    a    rogue.       f  <    G. 

schwindlcr,   <  schwindeln.  freq.  ol  ■i/nrindcn,  decay.] 
swine,  1  swoin;  2  swin,  n.  sing,  &  pi,    1.  An  omnivorous 

mammal  having  a,  long  mobile  snout,  with  flat  expanded 
end  containing  the  nostrils,  by  means  of  which  it  ob- 


-  I  III  .'I'f 


'.    n  fl        ■*■      V  \  I  ■■••   ntwv.  ffl;   not.ftr;   full.  rO>;   bnt.bOrn; 

.  i       i  ■  i  i  l  ..i    not,  Or,  hoii, 


:v.» 


■  xliiic.    inc. 


!i  Iwiiij: 

-..In   |«h, 

n*»  In   Mi-I.  . 

I",     n         \     f.iriu     ..( 

• 
I 

I 
II      I 

' 

'Mil         3. 

I . 

,         '-IMI     ] 

-'• 
I  fro  through  tlif  :ur. 

i  .  lull  liberty  or  In-.  ■">. 

Si.  ]      I. 

- m  i it ^ .     Lurk  I.e.  ihbuckler. 

1    -  1 1 '-.  large; 


ml 


-»lll<    lllll. 

I    •      .  I. 

-Willi;     knit. 

swip'ple  . 

- 

-..in   .-l.-.r..     . 

u  tach.il 


[BU  : 
II  I.    \       > 

i..r  beating  flax.  .NVO 

l.     I 


•  In   kIi— I  r.  .  ' 


.1  Plow 


tod* 


a,l  ut  .«*r»f .  y.  pi. 

To  cause  to  over- 


I 

Hf.l 

nrtpe,  l.       I.  To         l  strong 

.-  ..f  tin-  arm.    '•!.  [Slang  ] 
II-  1.  A  hard  blow,  especially  in 

tivl«l'g:»r!ii-    a.-.  h>'  hit  thi    ball  a  .-t/ip<       'i.  A  \\ .  II-mi  c.  |> 

rapidly.] 
twirl,]  I.  T<.  whirl  along,  as  in 

II.         I .    \  whirling  along,  .. 

.M  or  twist;  spiral     l<   Norw. 

nrtah,  I',  rf.  A-  vi.    1.  To  move  with  a 

ind,  as  :i  whip.    'i. 

II.  swish- 

.  through  the  air;  a  movement 

.   an  implement,  as  a  broon 

[Imitative  ] 

SwUs,  i.  [to  Bwitserland 

II-  iralized 

Switzerland.] 

>»lt.,  ^»lt/.. 

•wlU  h.  I  .  I.  !     ....  ■   por  lash 

'.'.  ■  iron,  one  track  to 

hing  motion.     II. 

1  •  '.'.  human 

•t.    ■  mechanism  t..r 

Dg  or  breaking  an  i 

•  •  itching.    (  < 

iwlteb'- 

b»rk  i  ending  a 

i  In.  train  alternately 
•wltc  Iroad  at  am  . 

■••    I.-.    k-ra\  n         xwltrh'- 
■aek",         switch 'board", 

as  In  a  telephone  « witch 'man,    . 

One  who  handle-  - 

r-l  'o  I.  .  ■  r-land.  n.    a  f.-j.n.l 

republic  In  central  Europe;   16.970  -.;    m  .  | 
gwlt'ser,  i 

>  -..  I . 
Hil  '•  •'•  I-  To  turn  on  or  a-  on 

II.         LAi  oupling  device  thai  \»  r- 
a  chain,  to  rotate 
inwale,  on  which  a 
gun  may  I-  wung  in  a  horizontal  plai 


Mill  YI-kiiii"  t. 

a  through  which  a  check-pi  in  paaw  s;  :.  runnel     4. 
i  ibbon«loom     I  •     \ 

-» ..i..  twob  i.  r 

■wol  i.  ii.  •  i     swolnl . 

swoon,  .  I.          I ..  -ink  Into  a 

hunting  II.  :  ■.» ling;  a 

titlniliui-lli  \  ..    sigh  I       Si  i. 

SI  i 

swoop,  i  I.Tode- 

■.  vi  Inl the  » Ing;  often  with 

,  to     ■  ..•'  '.'.     I  ••      ....  |.   .1. ... 

I  on  its  prej       ll.  \     ...  oping  dom n, 

a-  bj  ■  bird  oi  prey:  often   figuratively.     [< 

■i     nun  f  i|lllrkh    | 
•WOp,       a  \    .  i   id   ,.r  Pro*  1   Sainr  iuh  SWAP, 

sword.  I.  \  wea] 

i  long  blade  fixed  n>  ■  hilt:  used  i"i  cutting 
t  rapier,  simitar,  or  claymore. 
■.'.  I  iguratively,  the  power  ol  the  iworof; 

•ni\ ;   the  power  oi  life  and  deal h;  aspe> 
dally,    military    a*    opposed    to    civil 
power     .'l.  Figuratively,  war;  also,  the 

of  death  or  ruin.     [<  AJ9 

■word  :    iword''bajr"o-neti 

Del  having  lbs  thai f  ■  sword  and  used 

like  one  sword 'art,  -  One  skilled  in 
the  use  of  or  who  Bghta  with  a  rword; 
hence,  ■  ootthroat.  iwordfUh*! 
large  flan  of  the  open  sea,  having  the 
oi  tin-  upper  jaw  consolidated  to 
form  an  elongated  swonMflce  process. — 
sword '-grass",  n      knj  of  several  varle-    **■ 

'  grass  with  sharp  or  serrated  edges   Sword-bayonet. 
■-.  kiint,  ■       \  tassel  "f  ribbon  tied  to     i.  .*,  m>4»;  n.  b, 

a    SWOrdVhlll       •..|il.i>.  \ii:i.k   ati.l.""1       '■     i».'.-i- 

defense  with  the  sword,    swords 'man,  "jS*  '.'.   "■■M,,,|- 
n.   [sworos'icen,  pJ.]    t.  One  skilled  in  '*';,,',;, .,.,,.  "'>'„„;,. 
the  use  of  or  armed  with  ■  sword.  '*.  A  sol-  .„.V  //.  a 
dler.  sword  'man:.     sHiirils'  ..r>w<iril '  - 

lliail->lllp,  n.  p«r»low  ol  LIU. 

mi  ore.  sworn,  imp.  .t  pp  OfSWXAB,  r. 

swoan,  swoond,     4n.  [Prov.  Eng.  orObs.]  Same  as  swoon. 
swonndst,  inter],   same  as  zounds,   ■wounst. 
mi  inn,  i  swum;2swttm,  Imp  .v  pp  of  .swim.  r. 
swung,  1  swtm;  2  swung,  Imp.  A  pp  ofawnffl 
Syb'a-rls,  l  slb'e-rls;  2  sfVartlt  n.     in  ancient  Greek  city  In 

southern  Italy;  founded  In  7-'n  B  C;  destroyed,  510  B  i 
Syb'a-rlte,  n.    1.  a  native  or  citizen  of  Sybarto.    'i.  [8- or 

s-l  Heme,  a  luxurious  person;  epicure;  voluptuary.-   >>  !>"- 

a-rlt'le,    </        S>  b"a-rlt 'I- 

ralt.-   B]  li'a-rll-lMii,  n. 

syb'llt,  syb'lllt,  n.    Errone- 
ous forms  of 

.SIIIVL. 

sy 'Imj,  1  sal'bo; 
2    sy'bo.     n. 

[ST'BOES*,^/  1 

Same      as  Swordfteh.     '/»• 

( -111111..  l 
sjc'a-mlne  ,  1   slk'a-mln;  2  syc'a-mln,   n.   nth.  The  black 
mulberry    |      G  mulberry*tree.l   i.ukt  xvii.  6. 

sye'a-more,  1  sik'a  'a-mSr,  n.    1.  A  medium* 

.  tree  of  Syria  and  Egypt,  allied  to  tin-  com- 
mon fig.    'i.  [U.S.]  Thebuttonwood.    (<  (  .t  l*T  sykon, 
»,  mulberry.]    syc'o-morej  [Archalcl. 
syce, 

s>-cee',  1  s<il-s[':  2  sy-ve'.   I.  n     Pure:  unalloyed.   II.  B.    Pure 

uncoined  lump  sliver  of  various  sizes,  used  by  tin- Chinese  as 
anted  age.    sj-ccc'ssir'wr:.    [.    chin. si stl, 

.Ik.] 
sye'o-phant,  1  sik'o-fent;  2  srj^c'o-fant,  n  1.  A  servile 
flatterer;  parasite,  tit.  An  informer;  accuser:  the  orig- 
inal meaning.  1<  Gr.1**  sykophantis,  <  sykon,  fig,  + 
ph'iino.  show. I  sye'o-phan-cy,  «.  The  practises  of  a 
iiant:  base  flattery;  fawning.  syc"o-plian'tlc,  -tl- 
e.ii.  a.    iye'o-phanflsht. 

Syd'ney,  1  Bld'm;  2  syd'nv.  n.     The  seaportTapltal  of  Xew 
imp   7i;:-;.::iiii 

sy'e-nlte,  1  soi'i-nall :  2  s^e-nlt,  n.  An  Igneous  t-ranuiarrock 
composed  prlndpallj  of  feldspar  and  containing  little  or  no 
quarts.    [■  Svene,  In  Egypt.]    sl'e-nltet; 

sy'e-nytef.    sy*e-nlt'Ie, 

s>  ke,  1  sulk.  2  syk,  n.  [Seot.j  A  small  stream  from  a  bog.  [  < 
lee    u.  ditch. |    .slkej. 

syl'la-ba-ry,  1  sU's-beHn;  2  sfl'a-ba-ry,  >t.    A  list  of  char- 
acter- representing  syllables:  the  syllabic  chai 
collectively,  ol  a  language.    [See  syllable.] 

sjl'la-bl'e'',  1  sll'ft-bl;  2  syl'a-bl.  r.  [-BLBD, -BLn; -BLINO.]  M.<fe 

I.     Poet    orObs.]    To  utter:  speak.     2t.  To  syllabicate. 

sjl'la-bl  e*f  n.     1.  A  single  or  articulated  vocal  sound: 


1:  a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    eil;    10  =  feud;    dhin;    go;    r)  =  B\ng;   thin,   this.  swing 

783      2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.       Syncope 


also,  the  characters  or  letters  that  represent  such  a 
sound;  a  word,  or  part  of  a  word,  that  is  capable  of  sep- 
arate and  complete  enunciation  by  one  voicenmpulse. 
A  sound  ending  with  a  vowel  is  called  an  open  syllable; 
one  ending  with  a  consonant  is  called  a  closed  syllable. 
2.  A  very  slight  utterance;  least  expression.  [  <  Gr.L+F 
syn,  together,  +  lambano,  take.] — syl-Iab'lc,  a.  1.  Of,  per- 
taining to,  or  consisting  of  a  syllable  or  syllables,  2.  Repre- 
senting the  phonetic  value  of  a  syllable  or  syllables.  3.  Hav- 
ing every  syllable  distinctly  pronounced,  syl-lab'i-cali. 
— syl-lab'l-cal-ly,  adv.— syl-Iab'1-cate,  vt.  To  divide 
into  syllables.  syl-lab'I-fyt.— syl-lab"i-ca'tion,  n.  syl- 
lab"l-fi-ca  'tlon  t . 

6>i 'la-bub,  re.    Same  as  sillibub. 

syl 'la-bus,  1  sil'a-bus;  2  syl'a-bus,  n.  1.  A  concise  state- 
ment of  the  main  pointy  of  a  subject;  outline;  schedule. 
2.  R.  C.  Ch.  A  tabulation  of  reprobated  errors,  issued 
by  the  Pope.    [See  syllable.] 

syl'lo-gism,  1  sil'o-jizm;  2  syl'o-gism,  re.  1.  The  regular 
logical  form  of  reasoning  or  argument,  consisting  of 
three  propositions,  the  first  two  of  which  are  called  the 
premises  and  the  third  the  conclusion. 

The  first  two  propositions,  called  major  premise  and  minor 
■premise,  having  one  term,  called  the  middle  term,  in  common, 
form  the  basis  for  a  conclusion,  in  which  the  common  term 
disappears  after  furnishing  the  logical  connection  between 
the  other  two;  as. 

No  finite  being  is  exempt  from  error; 
All  men  are  finite  beings; 
Therefore,  no  man  is  exempt  from  error. 
2.  Deductive  as  opposed  to  inductive  reasoning. — syl"- 
lo-gls'tlc,    a.      syT'lo-gls'ti-calt.— syl"lo-gis'ti-cal-ly, 
adv. — syl'lo-gize  or  -gise,  vi.    To  reason  by  syllogism. 

sylph,  11  si  If ;  2  sylf,  n.     1.  Originally,  in  the  system  of 

sylfp,  J  Paracelsus,  a  being,  male  or  female,  living  in  and 
on  the  air;  hence,  a  slender,  graceful  young  woman  or 
girl.  2.  A  South=American  humming=bird  with  a  long, 
forked,  brilliantly  colored  tail.  [  <  F.  sylphe,  perhaps 
<  Gr.  silphe,  beetle.]— sylph  'Id,  a.  &  n.  sylph'idet. — 
sylph'I-dlne,  a.— sylph '=like".  a. 

syl'va,  1  sil'va;  2  syl'va,  n.  [syl'vas  or  syl'vje,  1  vi;  2  ve,  pi.] 
The  forest=trees  of  a  region,  collectively.  [<  L.  sylva,  for- 
est.]   sil'vat. 

syl'van,  1  sil'van;  2  syl'van.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  or  char- 
acteristic of  forests;  forest=like;  hence,  rustic;  rural. 
II.  n.  A  fabled  spirit  or  deity  of  the  woods;  satyr;  faun; 
also,  a  rustic;  clown.  [<  L.  sihanus,  <  silva,  forest.] 
sll'vani.    Syn.:  see  rustic. 

sym-,  prefix.    Same  as  syn-:  used  before  labials  (6,  /,  m,  p,  ph) . 

sym.,  abbr.    Symbol,  symbolic. 

sym"bi-o'sis,  1  sim"bi-6'sis ;  2  sym"bi-6'sis,  n.  The  con- 
sorting together  or  partnership  of  dissimilar  organisms, 
as  of  the  alga?  and  fungi  in  lichens.  [  <  Gr.  syn,  to- 
gether, +  bios,  life.]— sym"bl-ot'lc,  a.  sym"bI-ot'l-cali. 
— sym"bi-ot'I-cal-ly,  adv. 

s>  in  'hoi  §,  vt.    To  symbolize. 

.sym'bol,  1  sim'bal;  2  sym'bol,  n.  1.  Something  that  (not 
being  a  portrait)  stand*  for  something  else;  an  emblem; 
a  type.  2.  A  character,  mark,  etc.,  indicating  some- 
thing, as  a  quantity  in  mathematics.    3.   Theol.   A  con- 


Symbols. 

1.  The  frlfot  BTmbol:  it,  an  Araliian  form;  b,  a  Scandinavian  form:  c  the  Phe- 
nician  tan;  d,  a  Hindu  f.,rm  (twiutika);  c,  on  Bnflish  r.,rn,.  -J.  Crick  and  Roman 
niyth-.li.t'ical  nmhole:  a,  the  thunderbolt  ot  Junta  i  '<.  the  owl  of  hUnem;  <\  the 
caducein  of  Mercury;  it,  the  cluh  of  Hcrculce;  e,  the  anaated  croBfl,  an  Egyptian 
Bvmbol  of  life;  /,  the  serpent,  ejmhol  of  eternity. 

fession  of  faith ;  creed.  [  <  Gr.L+r  symbolon,  <  syn, 
together,  +  ballO.  throw.]  Syn.:  see  emblem;  letter;  mark; 
sign;  simile.  —  sym-bol'lc,  a.  sym-bol'l-calt.  -sym- 
bol'l-eal-ly,  adv.  —  sym-bol'l-eal-ness,  re.  syiii-bol'lcs, 
n.  The  science  or  study  of  symbols  or  symbolic  rites. — 
sym'bol-lsm,  n.  1.  Representation  by  symbols,  'i.  A  sys- 
tem of  symbols.  —  sym'bol-lst,  n.  —  sym"bol-ls'(lc,  a. — 
sym'bnl-lze,  v.  [-ized;  -iz"ing]  I.  I.  1.  To  embody  or 
represent  symbolically;  typify.  2.  To  treat  as  figurative. 
3.  To  formulate  Into  a  creed  or  confession  of  faith,  II.  i. 
I.  To  employ  symbols.  2.  To  formulate  creeds  or  beliefs 
31].  To  have  or  acquire  a  likeness;  agree;  harmonize,  sym  '- 
bol-iset.— sym"bol-l-za'lor    -sa'ltlon,    ».— sym-bol'o- 


gy,  re.  The  art  of  representing  by  symbols;  also,  a  treatise 
on  symbols. 

sym'me-try,  1  sim'i-tn;  2  sym'e-try,  n.  [-tries2,  pi.] 
1.  Due  arrangement  or  balancing  of  the  parts  or  ele- 
ments of  a  whole  with  reference  to  one  another;  har- 
mony. 2.  Crystal.  The  symmetrical  distribution  of  non= 
parallel  but  equivalent  directions  (faces,  edges,  etc.)  in 
a  crystal.     [  <  Gr.L+F  syn,  with,  +  metron,  measure.] 

Syn.:  agreement,  conformity,  harmony,  order,  parity, 
proportion,  regularity,  shapeliness.  See  harmony.  —  Ant.: 
deformity,  discordance,  disproportion,  shapelessness. — syni- 
met'ri-cal,  a.  1.  Exhibiting  symmetry;  having  harmo- 
nious proportions.  2.  Bot.  Regular  as  to  number  or  shape  of 
parts,  sym-met'rlct.— sym-met'rl-cal-ly,  adv.— sym- 
met'rl-cal-ness,  re. — sym'me-trist,  n.  sym"me-trl'- 
cianl  [Rare]. — sym'me-trlze,  vt.  To  make  symmetrical. 
sym'nie-trlsej. — syni"me-trl-za'[or  -sa']tion,  re. 

sym'pa-thy,  1  sim'pa-thi;  2  sym'pa-thy,  n.  [-thiesz, 
pi.]  1.  The  quality  of  being  affected  by  the  state  of 
another  with  feelings  correspondent  in  kind;  a  fellow* 
feeling:  with  with.  2.  Specifically,  a  feeling  of  compas- 
sion for  another's  sufferings;  pity;  commiseration:  with 
for.  3.  An  agreement  of  affections  or  inclinations,  or  a 
conformity  of  natural  temperament,  which  makes  per- 
sons agreeable  to  one  another;  congeniality;  accord.  4. 
Pathol.  (1)  The  reciprocal  relation  of  one  organ  or  part 
with  another  more  or  less  remote.  (2)  The  quality  or 
state  of  transmitting  certain  pathological  conditions  of 
one  person  to  others,  as  in  hysteria,  gaping,  etc.  5. 
Affinity,  as  in  inanimate  things.  6.  Physics.  A  relation 
between  two  bodies  such  that  the  vibration  of  one 
causes  a  sympathetic  vibration  of  the  other.  [<  Gr.L 
sympatheia,  <  syn,  with,  +  pathos,  feeling,  passion.]  Syn.: 
see  benevolence;  pity. — sym"pa-thet'lo,  a.  1.  Pertain- 
ing to  or  proceeding  from  sympathy.  2.  Having  a  fellow-feel- 
ing for  others.  3.  Congenial.  Syn.:  see  humane.  sym"pa- 
thet'i-calt.  -i-cal-ly,  adv.— sym'pa-thlze,  vi.  [-thizeu: 
-thiz'ing.]  1.  To  share  the  sentiments  or  mental  states  of 
another.  2.  To  be  in  harmony  with.  3.  To  surfer  sym- 
pathetically. 4.  [Colloq.j  To  condole,  sym'pa-thlset. 
Syn.:  see  console;  pity. — sym'pa-thlz"er  or  -this"er,  n. 

sym'pho-ny,  1  sim'fo-m;  2  sym'fo-ny,  re.  [-niesz,  pi.] 
1.  A  harmonious  or  agreeable  mingling  of  sounds;  figur- 
atively, any  concord  or  agreeable  blending.  2.  Mus. 
(1)  A  sonata  for  an  orchestra.  (2)  An  instrumental  pre- 
lude, interlude,  or  postlude.  [  <  Gr.L+F  syn,  together, 
+  phone,  sound.]— sym-pho'ni-ous,  a.  sym"pho-net'- 
IcJ;  syiii-phon'ici. — sym-pho'nl-ous-Iy,  adv. 

sym-po'si-um,  1  sim-po'zi-um;  2  sym-po'§i-um,  n.  [-si- 
a,  pi.]  1.  A  drinking  together;  a  conversational  feast  or 
banquet.  2.  Hence,  a  collection  of  opinions  or  brief 
essays.  [L.,  <  Gr.  syn,  together,  +  pino,  drink.]  syni- 
po'sl-act;  sym-po'si-ont.— sym-po'si-ac,  a. 

symp'tom,  1  simp'tam;  2  symp'tom,  re.  1.  A  functional 
or  vital  phenomenon  of  disease.  2.  That  which  serves 
to  point  out  the  existence  of  something  else;  any  sign, 
token,  or  indication.  [  <  Gr.F  symptoma,  <  syn,  with, 
+  piplo,  fall.]  Syn.:  see  sign. — symp"to-mat'lc,  symp"- 
to-mat'1-cal,  a. — symp"to-mat'l-cal-ly,  adv. 

syn-,  1  sin-;  2  syn-,  prefix.  With.  [<  L.  syn-,  <  Gr.  syn-, 
<  syn,  with.] 

syn.,  abbr.    Synonym,  synonymous. 

syn'a-gog,       1  1  sin'a-gog;  2  syn'a-gog,  re.    1.  A  place  of 

syn'a-gogue, J  meeting  for  Jewish  worship.  2.  A  Jewish 
congregation.  [  <  Gr.  syn,  together,  +  ayo,  lead.] — 
syn"a-gog'i-cal,  a.  syn'a-gog-alt;  syn"a-g<;'gi-anl; 
syii'a-gogu-aU. 

syn"a-le'pha,  1  sin'a-H'fa;  2  syn'a-le'fa,  n.  drum.  The  blend 
lug  into  a  single  syllable  of  two  successive  vowels  of  different 
syllables.     [<  Gr.L  synaloiphB,    union.]     s.vn"a-la''plial. 

syn'ehro-nous,  1  sin'kro-nus;  2  syVero-ntis,  "•  '• 
Occurring  at  the  same  time;  coincident  2.  Happening 
at  the  same  rate.  3.  Physics.  Having  tin- same  period 
or  rate  of  vibration;  as,  synchronous  currents.  [  <  Gr. 
syn,  together,  +  chronos,  time  ]  sj  n'ciiro-iiall.  -syn- 
cbron'lc,  a.  syn-chron'l-call.  —  syn-rliroii 'l-cal-ly, 
adv. — syii'cliro-nlsm,  re.  SlmultaneoUBness.  synchro- 
nize, v.   [-nized; -niz'ing.]   \.  t.    I.  To  assign  the  same  date 

to.  2.  TO  make  agree  In  keeping  time,  as  one  clock  with 
another.  II.  f.  To  coincide  as  to  date.  syn"cliro-nl-za'- 
tlon.n.  syn"chro-nl-8a'tlont.— gyn'chrO"nI«''[or»iil8ff]- 
cr,  n.-  syii'cliro-noiis-ly,  adv.-    syn'clirii-noiis-iiess. 

syn-eli'nal,  1  sin-klai'nel  or  Bin'kli-nel;  2  syn-ell'nal  "r 
syn'eli-nal.  I.  a.  Sloping  downward  on  each  side  to- 
ward a  common  line  Or  point  ;  in  geology,  (lipping  down- 
Ward  on  each  side  toward  the  axis  of  the  fold:  opposed  to 
anticlinal,  syn-clln'1-calt.  II.  n.  A  synclinal  flex- 
ure, or  a  synclinal  axis,  syn'eliiie]:.  [<  Gr.  syn,  to- 
gether, +  IMnO, bend.) 

syn'co-pc,  1  sin'ko-pi;  2  syn'co-pc,  n.    1.  The  elision  of  a 


«yndl<  .ll-ui      ■  |        »      i        u-t    gtjt,pr4Vr;  bit,  iv.li        ■  I    lr;  full.  rOl.-:  but,  born; 

i  r 1 1  ...  i  .      i  |      Pirn;  bit,  loo;  I  I  ..... 


784 


ii  .H-. 


■>.,    .11 


->n- 


. 

■  }B'l  •  —  | ■  » I .  ■)  li- 

-.  ii    .  ,.-|.  il.  . 

») -p  i  lion, 

i.  '.  I. 

.ii. mi  ..i 

J. 

»)  ii   ili-<  .il-l-l. 
I. 

II  I 

iilion  of 
office  or 

I  Itlld  lallk' 

!  \     >  -)  ll». 

•  put  for  a  « ii"ii'  or  ii 

..llllT.     • 

s>  u'  .-,  -iI.m-Ii  l-i   il. 

r».    Gram     The 

•gether,     f    ' 
->  n-.cr  i->l- 
->  ii  ...I.  itical  council; 

ibly      I  <  ( ■• 

-  >  -  r»« ». I   l-r.il.  ->  n  'ml-.il    :    ly- 

ii. «i  h ■:.     «>-m.m1  1  gal  U  • 
»>  n  "t ►—  1 1 >  m.   |  _     in'ii-nvm,  n.     1.    \  word 

same  or  :ilm.  >-t  the  same  meaning  as 

words  thai  have  one 

'.'.    i  quivalent  of  a 

-••■      [<  Or1'1  •'/",  together,  -f- 

»)n'o-n)me:.     sy-non  'y-mlat,  •       \  oi- 

BJ  n"o-n>  in  'l-ty.  'i 

->  -lloll   >  -nil/.-.      •  •.::.■>;■     -vi/'r.i.         TO    give    the 

'  different  meaning. 
->  -miii  ')-rnnus  1  n-nen'i-mus;  2  sy-nSn'y-mOa,  a,  Be- 
oyma;  equivalent  or  similar  in 
g]  n '  ..--ii \ -mat  '!<•};  syn"o- 
ii)  in  Ii  | :  ->  n"o-nj  in  'l-ral:. 

■  mdlng,    equivalent, 

like.  same,  similar,  synonymic. 

!••  strictest  sense,  synonymous  words  scarcely  exist; 

•  -r.  are  any  two  words  In  any  language  iquiraU  nl 

or  Identical  In  mi-.:  i  difference  In  meaning  ran 

not  be  easily  show  :  tnmonly  exists, 

■..it  the  words  an-  nut  Interchangeable.    By  tynm 
words  we  usually   .  ri-  thai  coincide  or  nearly 

f  their  meaning,  and  may  hence  witb- 
-taln  limits  be  used  Interchangeably,  while  outside  "f 
these  limits  they  mi  greatly  In  meaning  ai 

■  .  point  out  thi 
raspondences  and  hat  language  may  I 

m  freedom  of  selection  within  the 
ad  pn  daton  that  re- 
.'. ord  to  expri 
•    common  limits.     To  con- 
skier  :'  i-  fatal  to  aoctn 

.".  t<.  some  extent  "/"'r"/'«'.  ami 
'  Freedom  and 
-.-non   >  - 1 1 1 . .  1 1  —  I ) .       ..  '•       s)-non'y-my,       n. 
I 

tn.s.     'i. 

■crimination  of 
»>  Dr*o-nym  'Ii  - 
- .  nop  .  ;«sls. 

-.)-no|i'-i-.  -.   n.    [-8ESZ,  pi.]    A 

a  suni- 

T.I.  ,    <    fir,    rj/n,   together,    +   opsit,  view.] 
i] -nop  iir.  a      1.  Giving  a  gen- 
ii hen  compared,  an- 
->-nop'- 
ti-i  ,1 :.    iy  nop'tl  eal  Ij . 
-)-im'\i-a.  .  The albuminous 

■  ■.•■  interior  of  joints  and  at  other  points 
*> aortal  fluid:.    [  < 
->-noM-al,  a.     ' 
talr.  •  .  i.  as.  rynnrlal  gland 

IX,]  I .  ;. art  of  grarn- 

rnar  that  treats  of  the  sentence  and  ■  ■  n     ';. 

nformity  with  the 
nil'-"  or  laws  of  a  lant' 

r      [<  Or.1  -    tasno,  arrange]  — 

»>  n-tac'tic,  -;      ->  n-t  i<    ti-cal:. 
•>)  n  'the — l«.  .  pi.]    1. 

patting  of  different  things  together;  combination  of 


■  ill.itati 


I.  in,  lit- 


.'■..i.linal.    pal  t  •  int.. 
[•oiiiiMwitioii;  coiiHtruclioii     'i.    I'hilol     II.. ■ 


i  |.n 

mbinatioi  ind  formative  element    into  one 

I,  in  the  formation  di  itingui  ihi  d 

Iron.  i'ii  ■''•    words      .'I. 

■  in   il.,. 

di  from  tin-  >•'  n.-tal  to  il,..  particulai 

I.  I  (,.-  ..p.  ration  ol  reuniting  broken  oi  divided 

together,  t   tilhemi, 

■yn'the-slst,  lyn'tne-alae.         lyn'the- 

-i-.        lyn-thrt'lc,     - 1 - • .» l .         n  n-thel  i-mi-l),  arfi 

->  i>ii  I-II-.  ]  in  infi  ctiou  ■  \  encreal 

to  n  microorganism,  communicated   bj 

direct  contact  with  the  virus,  or  duo  to  heredity      [1 

,    16th  ccntun    Latin  poem.]     irph'T-llt'lc,  a. 
.■  to  or  affected  wli  b    ■  ph  I        ■)  pfl  'I-IIaciI  ; . 
i)  iiiiini.  s>  •ri-n.  n     -  ime  as  iipbon,  anum. 

mi..  lyi  la.  S\  rlai'.  8)  rlan. 

Syi   i-riiM-.  i  sir',,  i  I.   \n  ancient  city 

of  s  i    Sicily;  taken  by  the  Romans,  212  U  C.:pop    14,100 
'.'.  V  manufacturing  cltj  In  central  Nen  Ifork;  pop   160.000 

~>  r     i-rii  'SJUli        .V  n 
Syi   l»  i'r>-».  1  slr-il  Tri  n  A  river  In    | 

t.  1.300  in    to  the  \rai  sea;  the  anolent    I 

sir'l-a.   1  \  •  OUntJ  I  nrkey; 

114,530  aq.  tn  ;  pop  3,675,000;  chief  town,  D 

S)r'l-;if,  1  sir't-al.  I."      Pertaining  to  Syria 

or  its  language.    II.  r».    The  language  ol  Syria,  the  westr 
em  dialect  of  the  Aramaic  olaas  ol  Semitic  langu  i 

s>-rln'ga.  1  n-rin'ga;  L'  By-rTo'g»i  "  '•  An  ornamental 
>hrul)  having  oream*ooiored 
(lowers  reeembhng  those  of 
the  orange  in  form  and  fra- 
granoe  mock/*orffmncet<  2. 
|S-]  A  small  genus  ol  orna- 
mental shrubs  of  the  olive 
family;  the  lilacs.  [  <  Gr.  Byrlnga 
tyrinx  (at/ring-),  pipe  ]  '  or 

syr'lnge,  1  sir'inj;  2  .-vr'im:.    I.   Mock« 
rf.     |syu'l.\'t;Kli;    svk'im.-im;  ]  orange. 
To  sprav  or  inject  by  a  syr- 
inge;  cleanse  or  treal    with  ■,*•«*■■■*■«*. 
injected  fluid.     II.   n.     An   instrument   by  which   to 
withdraw  a  fluid  from  a  reservoir  and  eject  it  in  one  or 
more  jets  or  streams.    [  <  (lr.  syrinx  (si/ring-),  pijs- ) 

syr'lni,  1  air'irjks;  2  syVinks,  n.  1.  A  BpeciaJ  modiheation 
of  the  windpipe  serving  as  the  Bongrorgan  in  bir>i  '.'. 
AntU.  The  Eustachian  tube.  3.  Areed«pipe.  4.  |S-]  dr. 
Myth.  A  nymph  beloved  by  Pan  ami  changed  into  a 

reed  from  which  he  made  hi-  pipes.  [  <CtT.nl/rinj-,  pipe.) 

syr'up,  syr'un-y.    Same  as  ami  P,  etc. 

s>st.,  abbr.    Bj  stem. 

SfS'tem,  1  aur*tem;  2  1.  Orderly  combination 

or  arrangement,  as  of  parts  or  elements,  into  a  whole; 
il  ,  such  combination  according  to  some  rational 
principle,  ''.  In  Bcienoe  and  philosophy,  an  orderly  col- 
lection of  logically  related  principle*  and  tacts,  .scien- 
tific system}.  3.  An  orderly  classification,  classiflea- 
tory  system}.  4.  Any  group  or  domain  of  fact  and  truth 
n  gardedasa  whole,  5.  A  whole  as  made  up  of  constitu- 
tive parts;  as,  if-'  m;  a  railroad  system,  (!. 
The  rtate  or  qualitj  ol  being  in  order  or  orderly;  order- 
liness; method.    7.  Bid.  (1)  An  assemblage  of  organic 

Structures  Composed  Ol    -innlar  elements  and  combined 
for  lie-  same  general  functions;  as,  the  nervous  system. 
I  he  entire  bixly,  taken  as  a  functional  whole.     [< 
t.r  '-i. sjjsiima.  <  sun.  together,   :  htstemt,  stand  i 

Syn.:  manner,    method,    mode,   order,   regularity,   rule. 
Order  In  this  connection  denotes  a  fact  or  a  result ;  as.  these 

papers  are  In  Order       Method  denotes  a  process;  rub   BO  au- 
thoritative requirement  or  an  established  course  of  things; 

I,  not  merely  a  law  of  action  or  procedure,  but  B  com- 
prehensive plan;  maimer  refers  to  the  external  qualities  of 

action-,  and  to  those  often  as  settled  and  characteristic;  we 

speak  of  a  system  of  taxation,  a  method  of  collecting  taxes, 
the  rules  by  which  assessments  are  made;  or  we  say.  88  a 
i .   payments  are  heaviest  at  a  certain  time  of  year;  a 
tax  may  be  made  odious  by  the  mamu  r  of  its  collection, 
■p piles  to  even  disposition  of  objects  or  uniform 
recurrence  of  acts  in  a  series.     There  may  be  regtdarttv 
without  order,  as  In  the  recurrence  of  paroxysms  of  disease 
or  Insanity;  there  may  be  order  without  regularity,  as  in  the 
Dt  of  furniture  In  a  room,  where  the  objects  are 
placed  at  varying  distances      Order  commonly  Implies  the 
■i  of  an  Intelligent  agent  or  the  appearance  or  sugges- 
tion of  such  design;  wjulnrtty  applies  to  an  actual  uniform 
disposition  or  recurrence  with  no  suggestion  Of  Purpose,  and 
as  applied  to  human  affairs  is  less  Intelligent  and  more  me- 
chanical than  order.     The  most  perfect  nnhr  Is  often  secured 

« it  h  least  regularity,  as  In  a  fine  essay  or  oration.    The  same 


l:a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  sin,7;    thin,   this,  syndicalism 
785  2:  wolf,  dft;   book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,  burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  taciturn 


may  be  said  of  system.  There  is  a  regularity  of  dividing  a 
treatise  into  topics,  paragraphs,  and  sentences,  that  is  de- 
structive of  true  rhetorical  system.  See  body;  frame;  habit; 
hypothesis. — Ant.:  chaos,  confusion,  derangement,  dis- 
arrangement, disorder,  irregularity. — sys"tem-at'lc,  a.  1. 
Pertaining  to  system.  2.  Acting  by  system  or  method;  me- 
thodical. sys"tem-at'i-eali;  sys-tem'icj.  —  sys"tem-  I 
at'i-cal-ly,  adv. — sys'tem-a-tlze,  rt.  [-tized:  -tiz'ing.] 
To  reduce  to  a  system;  dispose  methodically,  sys'tem-a- 
tlsef;  sys'tem-izef.  Syn.:  see  regulate. — sys"tem-a- 
ti-za'[or -sa']tion,  n.  sys"tem-i-za'[or -sa'jtiont. 
sys'to-le,  1  sis'to-ll;  2  syVto-le,  n.  1.  The  regular  con- 
traction of  the  heart  and  arteries  that  impels  the  blood 


outwards.  Compare  diastole.  2.  Anc.  Pros.  The 
shortening  of  a  syllable  naturally  long.  [<  Gr.  systoU:, 
contractions  syn,  together,  -r  stellO,  place.] — sys-tol'lc,a. 

sythet,  adv.  &  conj.    Same  as  sith.    sytht. 

syz'y-gy,  1  siz'i-ji;  2  syz'y-gy,  re.  1.  Astron.  One  of  two 
opposite  points  in  the  orbit  of  a  moving  body  when  it  is 
in  conjunction  or  opposition  to  the  sun;  especially,  the 
points  of  new  and  full  moon  on  the  moon's  orbit.  2. 
Biol.  The  union  of  parts  or  organisms.  3.  Anc.  Pros. 
A  group  of  two  feet.  [<  Gr.  syn,  together,  +  zeugnymi, 
yoke] — syz"y-get 'lc,  a.  Expressing  a  form  as  a  linear  func- 
tion of  other  forms. — syz"y-gct'i-cal-ly,  adv. 


T  t    Roman. 


act 


Black 
Letter. 


57 


Script. 


T,  t,  1  ti;  2  te,  n.  [tees,  T's,  or  Ts,  1  tlz;  2  teg,  pi.]  A 
letter:  the  twentieth  in  the  English  alphabet. 

T2,  n.  Something  shaped  like  the  letter  T,  as  a  T  iron,  or 
something  having  a  cross-section  like  a  T,  as  a  T  rail. 

T.,  abbr.  Territory,  Testament,  Titus,  Tuesday,  Tullius. 
Turkish.— t.,  abbr.  Temperature,  tempore  (L.,  in  the  time 
fof]),  tenor,  time.  tome,  ton,  town,  township,  transitive,  tun. 

Taal,  1  tfil;  2  tal,  n.  [S.-Afr.  D.]  Dutch,  as  spoken  by  the 
whites  of  South  Africa  and  their  native  servants.  It  con- 
tains  many  words  of  English,  French,  and  Malay  origin. 

tab,  1  tab;  2  tab,  n.  1.  A  flap,  strip, 
tongue,  or  appendage  of  something.  2. 
[Colloq.]  Reckoning.    [For  tape,  n.] 

tab'ard,  1  tab'ard;  2  tab'ard,  re.  Former- 
ly, a  short,  sleeveless  or  short-sleeved, 
outer  garment:  (1)  Heavy  and  coarse, 
worn  by  the  poorer  classes.  (2)  Em- 
broidered with  his  own  arms,  worn  over 
the  armor  by  a  knight.  (3)  Emblazoned 
with  the  arms  of  his  sovereign,  worn  by 
a  herald.  [OF.]  tab'artt;  tab'erdf.— 
Tabard  Inn,  an  old  inn  at  Southwark, 
I,ondon,  the  starting-point  of  Chaucer's 
pilgrims  in  the  Canterbury  Tales. 

Ta-bas'co,  1  ta-bas'ko;  2  ta-bas'co,  n.  A 
state  in  S.  Mexico,  10,075  sq.  m.;  pop. 
19.3,675.  —  tabasco  sauce,  a  seasoning 
or  relish  made  of  Cayenne  peppers,  ta- 
bas'cot. 

tab'by,  1  tab'i;  2  tab'y-  I.  a.  1.  Wa- 
tered; mottled.  2.  Made  of  tabby.  3. 
Woven  in  the  same  way  as  fabric  that 
is  to  be  watered.  II.  n.  [tab'biesz,  pi.] 
1.  Any  watered  fabric.  2.  A  garment  British  Herald, 
made  of  a  watered  fabric.  3.  A  brin-  wearing  Tabard, 
died  or  streaked  cat;  popularly,  any 
cat,  especially  a  female  cat.  4.  [Colloq.]  A  gossiping 
old  maid.  [<  Ar.F  'attain,  <  ' Attabiya,  a  portion  of 
Bagdad.] 

tab"e-fac'tion,    1    tab"i-fak'sli8n;   2   tab"e-fac'shon,   n. 
Emaciation  due  to  disease;  marasmus.     [<  EL.  tabe- 
Jncio,  dissolve,  <  I.,  tabes,  a  wasting  away,  +  facto,  make.] 
iab'e-fy,  vt.  <t  vi.    To  waste  away;  emaciate. 

tab'er-na-cKe1',  1  tab'ar-na-kJ ; 2  t&b'er-na-el.  I.vt.&vi. 
1.  To  provide  with  shelter.  2.  To  dwell  in  a  tent.  II.  re. 
1.  A  tent  or  similar  struct  urc.  2.  Specif.,  the  portable 
sanctuary  used  by  the  .lews  in  the  wilderness;  later,  the 
temple;  hence,  any  house  of  worship.  3.  Eccl.  The  recep- 
tacle for  the  consecrated  elements.  4.  Arch,  An  orna- 
mental  recess  or  a  Structure  sheltering  something.     5. 

[Eng.]  Naut.  A  socket  or  hinged  post  to  unstep or  lower 

a  mast.    [F.,  <  I,,  tabernaculum,  dim.  of  tub, nm,  shed.] 

la'bes,   1   tC'blz;  2   ta'bes.   ;/       Emaciation;   decline.      [L..1-  ■ 

tab'ld,    a.      Wasted    by    disease;    emaciated       ta-bet'le. 

I.  a.    Having  tabes.    II.  n.    A  person  with  tabes,    tablet. 
lah'la-ture,  1  tab'Ia-dhur or -tiur; 2 tabla-chur or -tOr,  re. 

I.  Anal.  One  of  the  plates  of  bony  tissue  that  form  the 
walls  of  the  cranium.  2§.  Art.  A  tablet-like  painting 
or  design.     3|.  A  surface.     41".  A  specimen.     5f-    Mus. 

An  old  method  of  notation.    [I*'.,  <  L.  tabula,  board.] 
ta'blo,  1  te'Tbl;  2  ta'bl,    I.  vt.    [ta'bled;  ta'blino.]    1. 

To   lay  aside,   as   a   motion,    resolution,   etc.;    postpone 

for  future  consideration.  2.  To  place  on  a  table,  3. 
Carp    To  fit    together,  as  timbers,     41.  To  tabulate, 

II.  re.  1.  An  article  of  furniture  with  a  flat  horizontal 
top  on  which  tilings  may  be  placed.     2.  The  enter  I  :ii  0  - 

merit  provided  at,  a  table;  fare      3,  A  company  that 


gathers  about  a  table,  as  for  a  meal  or  a  game.  4.  A 
collection  or  set  of  related  numbers,  signs,  or  items,  of 
any  kind,  arranged  for  ease  of  reference  or  comparison. 

5.  A  slab  of  some  solid  substance;  also,  a  thin  plate. 

6.  A  board  on  which  a  game  is  played;  hence,  formerly, 
in  the  plural,  backgammon.  7.  pi.  Writing-tablets;  a 
memorandum-book.  8.  Arch.  A  flat  surface;  any  hori- 
zontal band  of  molding.  9.  Diamond'cuttintj.  (1)  The 
flat  top  of  a  brilliant.  (2)  A  cut  stone  with  two  flat 
faces.  10.  Palmistry.  The  palm  of  the  hand.  [F.,  <  L. 
tabula,  board.] — to  lay  on  the  table,  same  as  table,  v.,  1. 
— ta'ble=book",  n.  1.  An  ornamental  book  to  be  kept  on 
a  table.  2.  A  book  of  mathematical  tables.  3t.  A  note- 
book. — t.scloth,  n.  A  cloth,  usually  white,  covering  a  tabic; 
at  meals;  table*cover. — t.=cover,  n.  A  cloth  for  covering 
a  table:  usually  ornamental.  —  I.  land,  n.  An  elevated  level 
region;  plateau.  —  ta'ble-spoon",  n.  A  large  spoon  for 
table  use.— ta'ble-spoon"ful,  n.  [-fuls,  pl.\  As  much  as 
a  tablespoon  will  hold. 

tab'leau,  1  tab'lo;  2  tab'lo,  n.  [tab'leaux,  tab'leaus2,  />/.] 
A  picture-like  scene  represented  by  motionless  persons,  with 
suitable  adjuncts.    [F.]    tab"leau'  vl"vant't. 

ta'ble  d'hote,  1  ta'bl  dot;  2  ta'bl  dot.  [ta'bles  d'hote,  1 
ta'bl  dot;  2  ta'bl  dot,  pi.]  A  common  table  for  guests,  as 
at  a  hotel.  [F.;  table,  table;  de,  of;  hdte,  host.|  —  table 
d'h6te  dinner,  a  complete  meal  regularly  served  for  a 
fixed  price  in  a  public  dining-room. 

tab 'let,  1  tab'let;  2  tab'lfit,  n.  1.  A  thin  solid  sheet,  as  of 
ivory,  for  writing  on;  also,  a  pad  of  writing-paper.  2.  A 
small  table  or  flat  surface,  as  for  an  inscription.  3.  A 
lozenge;  troche.  4||.  In  the  Old  Testament,  an  armlet, 
necklace,  or  amulet.  [<L.h.F  tabuleta, dim.  of  L.  tabula, 
tablet.] 

ta-boo',  v.  &  n.    Same  as  tabu. 

ta'bor,  1  te'ber;  2  ta'bor,  n.  A  small  drum  or  tambourine 
without  jingles.  [  <  OF.  labour.  <  Ar.  tambur,  kind  of  lute. I 
ta'berj;  ta'bour}.—  ta'bor-er,  re.  One  who  plays  or  beats 
the  tabor,  ta'bour-er}:.  — tab'o-rlne,  n.  A  tabor,  tam- 
bourine, or  side-drum,     tab'ou-rluet. 

tab'ou-ret,  1  tab'u-ret;  2  tab'u-r6t,  n.  1.  A  small  tabor, 
tab'o-retj;  tab'rett  [Archaic].  2.  A  stool  or  small 
seat.    3.  An  embroidery-frame.    4.  A  needle-case.    [OF.] 

Ta-briz',  1  ta-briz';  2  ta-briz',  n.  A  city  In  N.  W.  Persia; 
captured  by  Tamerlane,  1392;  pop.  200.000. 

ta-bu',    )  1  ta-bu';  2  ta-bu'.     I.  vt.     1.  To  place  a  tabu 

ta-boo',  J  upon;  forbid;  exclude.  2.  [Oceania]  To  mark 
as  sacred.  II.  re.  1.  A  penal  system  of  the  Polynesians, 
whereby  things  are  set  apart  as  sacred  or  forbidden  to 
be  used;  also,  the  prohibition  itself .  2.  Hence,  prejudice 
or  ostracism.     |  <  Polynesian  lapu,  forbidden  ] 

tab'tl-lar,  1  tal/yu-liir;  2  tab'yu-lar,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to 
a  table  or  list,  tab'cl-la-rjt.  2.  Computed  from  or 
with  a  mathematical  table.  3.  Having  a  flal  surface; 
tablet-like.  [<  1*.  tabular!*,  <  tabula,  table.]— tab 'll- 
late,  vt.  [-lat*bi>||;  -lat"in<;.]  1.  To  arrange  in  a  table  or 
list.    2.  To  form  with  a  tabular  surface.     tab"ii-la'tlon.  n 

tae'a-ma-hac",  1  tak'o-ma-hak";  2  tae'a-ma-hae",  re.  [S 
Am.)   1.  A  yellowish  resinous  Substance  with  :r  sinnig  odor, 

derived  from  various  trees,  'i.  Hot.  The  balsam  poplar  of 
the  United  Stales.    tac"a-nia-liac'a];  tac'a-iiia-hack";. 

(ace,  1   li is;  2  lac.  n     Armor.    Same  BS  TASSXT. 

tacbc1,  i  lusii;  2  tach,  n.  I.  A  colored  spol  on  the  sk In.  as  .i 
freckle.  28.  Any  spot:  a  siain;  blemish,  8t-  a  Quality  or 
characteristic.    I<>i'\,  ■    taque;  see  tack,  n.]  [taok.] 

tacheJ||,  n.    a  hook  or  clasp  {Ex.  \wi.  to     [OF.,       imjii,. 

tacli'yt,  a.    Vicious-  depraved. 

ta-chyu'ra-pliy,  1  ts-kig're-fi; 2  ta-c^g'ra-fy,  n.  Stenoi 
raphy.    I  <  <  fr  tachys,  swift .    h  -gk  ipb  i  I 

tac'it,  1  tas'it;  2  tacit,  a,  I.  Existing,  inferred,  or  im 
plied  without  being  directlj  Btated  ';§.  Silent  ami 
quiet.  I-  i.  tacttiu,  taceo  he  silent  I  8yn.:  Implicit, 
Implied,  understood,  unexpressed,  unspoken,     tac'lt-lj ,oii i 

tac'i-tlirn,  1   tas'i-t.firn;  2   ti'ir'i-ttirn,  a.      Habit  ually  si- 


1  ...  II  Ul 
(  imr 


I         i  i  . ■  .  I  I  o        ot.Ar;    full,  rO'-.  .    but.  I'Orn; 

.  i  i       i  .  By,  fl  ii  I  I  .  ,<i,  mi:,  in.  wo.,,         )gi 


. 


U>    fact    or 

I 


MlNlli]  ln:r;i      <:i:!u:i.       .  .••.    appl .  nm  often  to  somi 

IS   tlll|S 

> ir    haughttm 

.    iinrc- 
l.i.    I  - 1 1 1  r  1 1  - 1  >  .  I.  ii     l-iur   nl-t) ,    n. 

t 'alu-  Cornelius.    A  Ro 

\    i  >. 
i.ii  k  .  I.        I.  I       isten  with  (W  . 

.' 

II.        I.  the  course  ol  a 

I  to  tip'  other  side  by  turn- 

t ii  such  a  way  that  her  head 

dd  of  a 

LB*.       2. 

-tack'er,  n. 

tack.         I.  ; --I >- .i tit.-. I  iii..     2.   \  fastening; 

in    :.  -t it i-l».      3.   PfauL    ill    A 

.  ding  down  and  fastening  oornera  of  certain 

satis:  also,  i  a  sail  t..  which  such  :i  rope  is 

.--•■  Bailed  tr..m 
Meh  act  to  1  t.  t  change  of  policy; 

of  (       .  ■  origin  ) 
tack '1  e\  1  tak  1.  2  UUr/L     I.  at.     [tv  ki 

1 ....  .1  mastering;  grat>- 

.'.  .       Boounter  and  endeavor  to 

stop  Can  o;  running.    3.  To  attack  as  by  a 

tack.       II.         i.  ir  moving  contrivance  of 

'.'.    I         instruments  collec- 
rk  or  sport;  car;  equipment;  as,  fish- 
tng-' .  -.y,  the  implemente  of  war;  weapons. 

uing  ..r  seising,  especially  in  football. 
(<   D.  takti.  tackle.    <    •>    •■:  uhi        tack 'led t,  a.     Con- 
structed  of   united   ropes.—  tark'llng,   n.      Tackle  collec- 
tor it.  in;  pop.  110.000. 
T»-cii'tna.  1  t<»-k6'ma:2  ta-co'ma.  n.    A  seaport  In  \\  .  u  ash- 
ia.  i .  .                                 1 .    .  appreciation  of 

.'.        -ling;  touch. 

|  <  L.  tactug,   < 

pp.    of  tango,   touch.]     Syn_-  see  addkksh.  —  tart'ful,  a. 

-I).  -,,•--.         i ..  i  i.--.       -h .  -nets, 

|<|    to  -.   .  I.  ..ric-  and  art 

..llary  and  naval  evolutions;  specifically,  the  art  of 

..ing  troops  in  tie  the  enemy:  diatin- 

'•//     2.  Adroit  management.    (<  (jr. 
tatsd.    arrange;     tae'tl-cal,    n.      tac'tlc;. 
Lac-tl'clan,  n      An  e\ixrt  In  U 
tac'til..  dl;  2  tac'til  or  -til,  a.    1.  Pi 

tar'til".  i  d  by  or  o insist ing 

tac  .'.  bed;  tangible       I    . 

<   L.  lot  I.K-lll'l-l>.  n 

taction;,  .  The  act  of  touching,  or 

:•  t,    ;  •      I.    inclU).    <  tango,  touch. 1 

in    iii-al.  i-[er  -tiu-]al;  2  tAVchu-{or  -tQ-lai,  a. 

I.  use  or  the  organs  of  touch.     2. 

iJerlvi-d  from  touch.     (  <  L.  laciut;  sec  tact]     -ly,  adv. 
tad'polc.  1'pfll,  n.     1.  A  young  amphibian, 

as  a  :  .  external  gills  and  having 

a  tail  with  .•   it   a  nabdike 

rK'Ki.     '£.  The  tailed  larva  of  a  tu- 
rtle hooded 
toad.  +  poll1,  n.l  |th«t  om  | 

ta*.  lte:2ti  I.  II  I  o     [<  rAefar- 

tael.  1  t."i.  2  t"il,  n.    1.  An  Oriental  weight  varying  from 

2.  '. 

Chinese  monetary  unit  of  varying  value     See  COD*, 
ta'en.  1  ten:  8  tan.  pp.  (Scot.)  Taken:  ■  contraction. 
t.f'nl-a,  i  1  U'm-e;  2  tc'm-a.  n     1.   Arch.  A  band,  ribbon, 
te  'nl-a,  •>.  A  fillet  on  the  top  of  a  Doric  archi- 

■  'rn    (genus    Tcenia). 

■  ten  ] 

taf  Te-ta,  1  taf'i-t;j;  2  tife-ta,  n.    A  fine,  glossy,  uncorded 

and  :  fabric:  a  |  isly  applied  at 

nlk«and«linen  or  silk«and" 


I 

i  .1    I  i-i  i    .   ul   l.-h 

(atr  rail,  i  i.  d,  n     i.  The  rail  around 

■el'a  stem     "J.   The  uppci  pari  oi  n  voaaol'i  item      I 

(alfer-el:. 

taf 'f> .  ;  I.  A  sweetmeat  ol  brotn 

ini  i. . 
ii»fi>   .  ■;.    [Slang  |     Flatter) .  blarni  j 

.    spirit  distilled  from  mols 

T»rt,   i  mini. im   Howard     1867  to 

It. i  si 

tag'*  1  '  I-  I  "...I  n.  i  too 

I.  ro  supply,  adorn,  mark,  or  label  with  a  tag  '.'.  i  ■ 
follow  closely  or  ix1  rsisieiitlv:  confused  and  pernap 

I  with  Tin1     3.  To  shear  awaj  tags  iron, 

II.  m  1.  Something  attached;  ■  label  i  istened  bj  oni 
.  n.l  '.'.  \  I  •  dge  ol  :m  artii  le  ..i  .  i.,i  hing 
3.  rho  matted  and  ragged  lock  of  wool  on  a  beep  I.  \ 
lamb  or  yearling  sheep     •».  The  fag*end  ol  looietj  .  the 

I.  ral.Lle:  often  in  the  phi  1st  I  In'  (ai;.  r.m.  and 
holiiall.  rag'<(ag"!;  tag'>rag"J.  |  -^  8w   taw,  point  | 

tag'.     1.    .'     To  overtake  and  touch,  as  in  the  gan t 

tag.  II.  'i  A  iuvenile  snori  in  which  the  object  li  to 
k.ep  from  being  touched  by  one  who  chases  the  others 

Ta-ga'log.  i  i.i  k-iiir..:.  :_•  ta  gK'log,  n  I.  A  member  of  a  Ma- 
la, an  ra.-c.  constituting  one  of  the  largest  tribes  ol  the  Phil- 
ippine islands   -i.  The  language  or  the  Tagalogs   Ta-gal':. 

Ta'gus,  1  tfgoa; :.'  uVgfla,  a.  A  river  In  Spain  and  Portugal; 
660  in.  to  the  Atlantic  ot  i 

Ta'hl-ll,  1  tii'hi-II  Ot  td-hl'll.  2  In'  D  island 

ol  the  Society  islands,  South  Pacific  ocean;  under  French 

control.  600 at]    Do.;  POP.  11,600      Ta-bl'tl-aii,  ii    .K  ii 

tall,  1  tel;  2  tfil,  it.  A  si  1.  To  fashion  "i  rupply  with  a 
tail.  '£.  To  bjtng  to  or  be  attached  like  a  tail;  also,  to  join. 

tall,  ii.  Line.   Restricted  in  succession;  aa,  an  estafe  tail. 

tall',  n.  1.  Tin-  appendage  at  the  hindmost  pari  of  the 
body  of  many  aiutnaK     '£.  Any  pendant,  Bap,  stem, 

etc.,  as    the    skirt    of    a   coat.      3.  The    bind   portion   of 

anything,  as  of  a  coin.  4.  A  retinue  or  suit.-;  also,  a 
body  of  persons  in  single  file.  5.  A  pigtail.  (  <  AS. 
t&gl,  tall.)  —  lairing,  n.  1.  Refuse  or  residue:  usually  In 
plural,     'i.  The  Inner,  covered  end  of  a  projecting  hrlck  or 

stone  in  a  wall.— tailless,  a.    -taD '•piece",  n.    AnendV 

piece  or  appendage,  as  the  piece  to  which  the  si  rings  of  a 

violin  are  attached,  a  deslk'ii  at  the  bottom  Ol  a  page,  etc 

tail-, 'i.     1.  Law.  A.  cutting  off;  limitation  of  ownership, 

'it.    A  tally;  reckoning.    (<  L.*  tulni,  Blip  of  wood.| 
tai'lor,  1  te'lar;  2  tfi'lor,  r.     I.  t      To  hi  out   with  or  as 

with  garments.    II.  i     To  work  at  the  trade  of  a  tailor, 
tai'lor,  a.    One  who  makes  to  order  or  repairs  men's  outer 

garments,  or  makes  cloaks,  gowns, 
for  women.  [<  P.  tailleur,  < 
taUUr,  cut  I  tal'lor=blrd",  n.  A 
bird  that  sews  leaves  to  form  a  recep- 
tacle for  Its  nest.— tal'lor-ess,  n.  fern. 

tall 'ye,  tail 'zip,  1  tel'yi;  2  tal'ye.  v.  <fc 
n.    Same  as  ENTAIL. 

Talne,  1  ten;  2  tan,  Hlppolyte 
Adolphe  (1828-1893).  A  French  lit- 
erary critic,  philosopher,  and  historian. 

taint,  1  tent;  S  tant.    Id.  vt.  &n     l.     ' 
I  o  imbue  with  a  taint;  take  or  have   (■ 
a  taint;  infect;  corrupt   2t-Totinge.    V\' 
II.  n.    1.  A  trace  or  germ  of  decay;     ' 

a  cause  or  result  of  corruption.      2t- 

mre;   hue.     [<  OF.  teindre,  < 

L.  lingo,  ataln.]      Syn.:   see   BLXIOSB; 

dbfilb;  i'oi.i.itk.        ' 
Tal'  =  plng',    1    tai'<pb]';    2   tl'-plng'.   n. 

one  of  an  army  of  Chinese  repels  who  carried  on  warfare 
1864. 
TaT'wan',  1  tal'wttn';  2  tl'wan'.  n.    An  Island  off  the  coast  of 

china;  oeded  to  Japan,  1806;  13,044 aq.  m.;  pop.  3,612.200. 

Kor-mo'sa:. 
tak,  1  tak:  2  tak.  r.   [Scot.]  To  take. 
take,  1  tr-k;  2  tak.  r.     [took;  tak'kn;  tak'i.V';.]     I.  t.     1. 

To  gain  possession  of  by  putting  forth  exertion;  bring 

within  on.'-  own  p --ion.  power,  or  custody,  as  by 

fore.-,  -t  rategy,  etc.  Z.  To  carry  otT  or  remove;  subtract; 

deduct;  also,  to  derive,  quote:   often  with  Jrom,  out,  off , 

..r  ii"  n't     3.  To  receive  passivelj  ;  admit ;  accept ;  accept 

at  binding.  4.  To  make  choice  of;  hence,  to  use;  em- 
ploy ii.  To  require  as  Deceaaai  j  .  demand:  often  imper- 
sonally. (J.  To  contract,  as  a  disease;  catch,  as  cold  7. 
To  ascertain  l.v  weighing,  measuring,  computing,  etc. 
8.  To  bear  along  or  conduct  ;  a^,  to  take  a  package.  9. 
To  obtain  as  l  result  of  some  process;  as,  to  take  a  pho- 
tograph. 10.  To  perform,  as  an  action  11.  To  capti- 
.-tly  in  the  pa-  .         \i.  To  pass,  clear, 


Tallor-blrd  and 

NCst.         >/i2 


1:3=  final;    1=  habit:    aisle:    au  -  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    chin;    go;    0  =  sires;    Chin,   this. 
787       2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,  but,   burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


Tacitus 
tame 


Method  of 
Fastening  Ta- 
laria. 

3f.    Speech; 


or  go  over;  also,  to  enter;  as,  a  horse  takes  a  hedge;  to 
take  a  stream.  13.  To  strike,  especially  on  some  particu- 
lar part.  14.  To  include  in  a  course;  visit.  II.  i.  1.  To 
lay  hold  of,  get,  or  receive  anything;  in  law,  to  become 
possessed  of  property.  2.  To  remove  or  deduct  some- 
thing; detract.  3.  To  have  the  natural  or  intended 
effect;  work.  4.  To  make  a  desired  impression.  5.  To  be 
favorably  or  naturally  inclined:  commonly  with  to.  6. 
To  resort  or  betake  oneself:  with  to.  7.  To  make  a  pic- 
ture, likeness,  or  photograph.  [  <  AS.  tacan,  <  Ice. 
taka,  take]  Syn.:  see  abstract:  assume;  carry;  catch. 
in  phrases:  take  in,  see  absorb;  deceive;  take  Into  cus- 
tody, take  prisoner,  see  arrest;  take  off,  see  caricature; 
take  place,  see  happen;  take  place  before,  take  prece- 
dence of,  see  precede;  take  up,  see  absorb. — tak'er,  re. 
— tak'lng.  I.  pa.  1.  Fascinating;  captivating.  2.  [Colloq.] 
Contagious.  3t.  Hurting;  harmful.  II.  re.  1.  The  act  of 
one  who  takes.  2.  Agitation;  perplexity;  distress.  3.  The 
thing  taken;  a  receipt:  often  in  the  plural,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  re. 

take,  n.     The  act  of  taking,  or  that  which  is  taken. 

ta-la'ri-a,  1  ta-le'n-a;  2  ta-la'ri-a,  re.  pi.    [L.]    Winged  boots 
or  sandals,  or  wings  springing  directly  from 
the  ankles:  used  in  antique  art  as  attri- 
butes of  Mercury,  Perseus,  etc. 

talc,  1  talk;  2  talc,  re.  A  soft,  greasy,  hy- 
drous compound  of  magnesium  and 
silica,  white,  gray,  green,  or  brown. 
Massive  varieties  are  known  as  soap- 
stone  and  steatite.  [F.,  <  Ar.  talc,  talc.) —  Foot  of  Mer- 
talc'ose,  talc'ous,  a.  Composed  of  or  cury  showing 
containing  talc.  talc'yt;  talck'yt; 
talk'yt. 

tale,  1  tel;  2  tal,  n.  1.  That  which  is 
told  or  related;  a  narrative  or  story. 
2.  A  counting;  reckoning;  number, 
account.   [  <  AS.  talu,  tale,  number.] 

Syn.:  see  report;  story. — tale'bear"er,  re.  One  who  tells 
mischievous  tales.  tale'=py"etj  [Scot.]. — tale 'bear"!  uk, 
a.  &  re.— tale'*car"ri-er,  re.  — tale'tel"ler,  re.  1.  One  who 
tells  stories,  etc.;  a  raconteur.    2.  A  talebearer. 

tal'ent,  1  tal'ent;  2  tal'ent,  re.  1.  Superior  mental  endow- 
ments; also,  mental  ability  in  general.  2.  A  particular 
faculty  or  gift:  a  usage  founded  on  the  Scriptural 
parable  {Matt,  xxv,  14-30) .  3.  An  ancient  weight  and 
denomination  of  money  (Roman  talent  =$500;  Attic, 
$1,200;  Hebraic,  $1,550  to  $2,000).  4f.  Inclination; 
habit.  5t.  Possessions.  Syn.:  see  ability;  genius. — tal'- 
ent-ed,    a.     Having    mental    ability;    gifted.      Syn.:    see 

CLEVER. 

ta'Ies,  1  te'llz;  2  ta'Ies,  re.  pi.  Law.  A  writ  for  summoning 
additional  jurors;  also,  a  list  or  supply  of  persons  to  be  sum- 
moned by  writ.    [L.,  pi.  of  talis,  such.] 

tales 'man,  1  telz'men;  2  tals'man,  n.  [tales'men,  pi.] 
One  summoned  to  make  up  a  jury  when  the  regular  panel 
is  exhausted.    [  <  L.  tales,  pi.  of  talis,  such,  +  man.| 

tal'i-on,  1  tal'i-en;  2  tal'i-6n,  re.  Retaliation,  as  a  form  of 
justice.     [F.,  <  L.  talio(n-),  <  talis,  such]     tal'l-ot- 

tal'l-pes,  1  tal'i-piz;  2  tal'i-pe§,  re.  Malformation  of  the  foot; 
a  club  foot.    [<  L.  talus,  ankle,  +  pes,  foot.l 

tal'1-pot,  1  tal'i-pot;  2  tal'1-pOt,  re.  A  stately  and  valuable 
East=Indian  palm  crowned  by  fan«shaped  leaves.  [  <  Hind. 
talpal,  <  Sans,  tdla,  palm,  -f  patra,  leaf.]     tal  '1-p.it  ; . 

tal'is-man,  1  tal'is-man;  2  tal'is-man,  n.  [-mans2,  pi.] 
Something  supposed  to  produce  magical  effects;  a 
charm.  [Sp.,  <  G.Ar  telesma.  <  tclos,  end.]  Syn.:  amulet, 
charm.  An  amulet  or  talisman  is  strictly  a  material  object; 
a  charm  may  be  a  movement  or  a  form  of  words.  An  am- 
ulet  is  ordinarily  worn  upon  the  person  as  a  protection 
against  disease,  injury,  or  death.  A  talisman  is  any  object 
supposed  to  work  wonders,  like  Aladdin's  lamp,  whether 
kept  In  one's  possession  or  not.     tal"ls-man'lc,  -l-cal,  a. 

talk,  1  tok;  2  tak,  b.  I.  t.  1.  To  give  utterance  to  in 
words;  also,  to  converse  on.  2.  To  converse  in,  as  a 
language;  speak.  3.  To  affect  by  speech  in  some  way 
specified.  11./.  1.  To  exercise  speech;  utter  words.  2. 
To  communicate  by  spoken  language;  converse;  hence, 
to  communicate  ideas.  3.  To  have  significance.  [ME. 
talken,  freq.  of  lalen,  <  AS.  taltan,  speak,  <  talu,  tale.] 

Syn.:  chat,  chatter,  converse,  discourse,  speak.  To  talk 
Is  to  utter  a  succession  of  connected  words,  ordinarily  with 
I  he  expectation  of  being  listened  to.  To  Speak  Is  to  give  ar- 
ticulate utterance  even  to  ;i  single  word,  i he  officer  speaks 
the  won]  of  command,  but  does  not  talk  it.  To  chat  Is  ordi- 
narily to  litter  in  a  familiar,  conversational  way;  to  chatter  is 

to  talk  III  an  empty,  ceaseless  way  like  a  magpie.  See  SPBAX, 
-  Prep.:  to  talk  In  a  person  Is  to  address  words  to  him;  to 
talk  With  a  person  is  to  spcuk  and  listen  alternately  to  evirry 
on  a  conversation;  to  talk  of  QT  about  a  person  is  to  say  things 
concerning  him;  to  talk  al  a  person  Is  to  address  words  to  an- 
other or  others  for  the  purpose  of  having  them  heard  by  the 
one  for  whom  ihey  are   meant.  — talk'a-tlv(eH,  a.      Given 


to  much  talking.     Syn.:  see  garrulous,     -ly,  adv.     -ness, 
n. — talk'er,  ».— talk'ing,  pa.  &  re.— lalU  -.  pp. 

talk,  re.  1.  The  act  of  talking,  or  that  which  is  said.  2. 
Report;  rumor.  3.  That  which  is  talked  about;  topic; 
theme.  4.  [Colloq]  A  language  or  dialect.  5.  A  con- 
ference for  deliberation.     Syn.:  see  conversation. 

tall1,  1  tel;  2  tal,  a.  1.  Having  more  than  average  height. 
2.  Having  (specified)  height.  3.  [Colloq.]  Boastful.  [< 
W.  tal;  cp.  tall2,  a.]    Syn.:  see  high.— tall 'ness,  re. 

tall2,  a.  1||.  Exceptionally  excellent;  admirable:  celebrated; 
great.    2t.  Brave;  sturdy;  spirited.    [  <  AS.  txl,  good.) 

Tal"la-has'see,  1  tal"a-has'i;  2  tal"a-has'e,  n.  A  city,  capi- 
tal of  Florida;  seat  of  Florida  State  College;  pop.  5,000. 

Tal"ley"rand'=Pe"ri"gord',  1  ta"le"rah'=pe"rrger'  or  (Eng.) 
tal'i-rand;  2  ta*le"rah'=pe*ri"gor'  or  (Eng.)  tal'y-rand, 
Charles  Maurice  de  (1754-1838).  A  French  politician, 
diplomat,  and  wit. 

t;il  'low,  1  tal'o;  2  tal'o.  I.  vt.  1.  To  grease  with  tallow. 
2.  To  fatten.  II.  re.  A  mixture  of  the  harder  fats,  as  of 
beef  or  mutton;  by  extension,  almost  any  animal  fat: 
also,  a  vegetable  fat.  [<  OD.  talyh.] — tal'lowschan"- 
dler,  re.  A  maker  or  vender  of  tallow  candles. — tal 'low: 
keech",  re.  Fat  rolled  up  for  the  chandler;  humorously,  a 
very  fat  man.     tal'low«catch"t.  — tal'low-y,  a. 

tal'ly,  1  tal'i;  2  tal'y,  i>.  [tal'lied;  tal'ly-ing.]  1. 1.  1. 
To  score,  as  by  notches;  record;  register.  2.  Naut.  To 
put  aft,  as  a  sheet.  3f .  To  score  with  corresponding 
notches;  conform.  4t.  To  add;  reckon.  5t»  To  repay. 
II.  i.     1.  To  agree  precisely.     2.  To  keep  tally. 

tal'ly,  n.  [tal'lies2,  pi.]  1.  A  piece  of  wood  on  which 
notches  or  scores  are  cut  as  marks  of  number.  2.  A 
score  or  mark;  hence,  a  reckoning;  account.  3.  A 
counterpart;  duplicate.  4.  A  mark  indicative  of  tale  or 
number:  used  to  denote  one  in  a  series.  5.  A  label;  tag. 
[<  F.  taille;  see  tail2,  re.] — tal 'I > -man,  re.  [-men,  pi.] 
[Eng.]  1.  One  who  keeps  a  shop  on  the  instalment  plan.  2. 
One  who  sells  goods  by  sample. — tal'ly-wo"man,  re.  Jem. 

tal'lysho',  1  tal'i=ho';  2  tal'y«ho'.  I.  vt.  To  urge  on,  as 
hounds  with  the  cry  of  "tallyho."  II.  re.  1.  The  cry  of 
"tally-ho."  2.  A  coach.  III.  inter j.  A  huntsman's  cry 
to  hounds.    [  <  Norman  F.  tallis  au,  to  the  copse.] 

Tal 'mud,  1  tal'mud;  2  tal'mud,  n.  The  body  of  Jewish 
civil  and  canonical  law  not  in  the  Pentateuch.  [  <  Chal. 
talmud,  instruction.]— Tal-mud 'if,  a.  Tal-mud'i- 
calt;  Tal"mud-is'ticJ.— Tal'mud-lst,  n. 

tal 'on,  1  tal'sn;  2  tal'on,  n.  1.  A  claw,  as  of  a  bird  of 
prey.  2.  In  card=playing,  the  part  of  a  pack  left  after  a 
deal.    3.  The  heel  of  a  sword=blade.     [<  L.F  talus,heel.] 

ta'lus,  1  te'lus;  2  ta'lus,  re.  [ta'li,  1  -lai;  2  -II,  pi.]  1. 
Anat.  The  ankle=bone;  also,  the  ankle.  2.  Arch.  A 
slope,  as  of  a  tapering  wall.  3.  Geol.  The  sloping  mass 
of  fragments  below  a  cliff.     [L.,  ankle.] 

Tarn.,  abbr.    Tamil.  [tamed. 

tam'a-bl(ep,  1  tgm'e-bl;  2  tam'a-bl,  a.    Capable  of  being 

ta-mal',    )  1   ta-mal',   ta-ma'le;  2  ta-mal',   ta-ma'le,   n. 

ta-ma'Ie, J  A  Mexican  dish  made  of  crushed  Indian  corn, 
seasoned  with  meat  and  red  pepper,  wrapped  in  corn" 
husks,  dipped  in  oil,  and  cooked  by  steam.    [Sp.] 

tam'a-rack,  1  tam'a-rak;  2  tam'a-rak,  re.  1.  The  American 
or  black  larch,  hack  'ma-tack  t.  2.  A  North-American 
pine.    [Am.  Ind.] 

tani'a-rind,  1  tam'a-rind;  2  tam'a-rind,  n.  1.  A  tropical 
tree,  with  pinnate  leaves  and 
showy  yellow  flowers  varie- 
gated with  red.  2.  The  fruit 
of  this  tree,  a  flat  brown  pod 
with  soft  acid  pulp.  3. 
Some  analogous  tree.  [  < 
Ar.  lamr  Hindi,  Indian  date.) 

tam'a-risk,  1  tam'a-risk;  2 
tam'a-risk,  re.  An  evergreen 
shrub  of  the  Mediterranean 
region,  western  Asia,  and 
India.  [<  L.  tamarisks.]"'* 
tam'a-rlckt. 

tam'bour,  1  tam'bur;  2  t&m'bur,  re. 
like  device.  2.  A  frame  for  embroidery  or  a  fabric  em- 
broidered on  it.  3.  Fort.  A  palisade  to  defend  an  en- 
trance. 4.  Arch.  (1)  Same  as  DRUM,  4.  (2)  A  ceiled 
vestibule.  [F.,  <  Ar.  tambur,  drum.]  —  tam"hou-rlne', 
re.  Mas.  An  Instrument  like  the  head  of  B  ilnmi.  with  Jin- 
gles In  the  rim.  played  by  striking  it  with  the  band. 

tame,  1  tern;  2  tam.  I.  vt.  [tamed;  tam'ino  ]  1.  To 
reclaim  from  a  wild  or  savage  state;  make  tame;  domi 
ticate.  2.  To  bring  into  subjection;  conquer,  3.  To 
tone  down;  soften.  4f.  To  kill.  II.  a.  [tam'er;  TAM'- 
BBTJ  1.  Having  lost  its  native  wildness;  domesticated 
2.  In  agriculture,  brought  under  cultivation,  3.  I  )o- 
cile;  tractable.  4.  Subdued  or  subjugated;  hence,  moan* 


Tamarind. 

rim:  Hjirnv    o!   tlir   hunttrltij; 

,  ;.!].„,,    ..  the  pod. 

1.  A  drum  or  drum* 


l.im<rini.        a  ftrt;  fatt,  fftn      ■        at,  pH         I         I  •  ••      •»'.  irj  foil,  rftle;  bn      " 

i.iri.m  ....         i  >  nil,  mi,  gtt,  prcjy,  fCrn;  hit,  loo;   i  '  ,  ••.  not,  01,  won,   (88 


1     ■      Mill      ll 


lain.    I.  -  - 
I  nit  Vr-Un 


I   1111 


lull 
lam   N 
I  mi   in  <-n> 

I  nam 
at<- 

nil.-. 


i  1 1 ii      . • '    -  1 1  1 1 1    I .  r . 


6}.  IV 

101  u 

I  inn    n.  -*.   • 

.    I  I  -  in  u  ■ 

I     I  IDC  i>(  .in 

I  mi   II.  I   i- 

i 
.V    \  (.,!- 

l.   \  trlondl)  chlel 

■ 

IIUUOII        I  .mini  mi    II  ill. 
f..uii,l- 

•lew    Ii  I  in  :iiul 

irning, 

Ln'ter,  n 
i  I,   \     l;>  ntUna  olose- 

I  '.ii  abo\  e,  wmoUmoa  «  It  ii 

1  i\i  .,    BH  vm  ik        I. mi  . ;   (.mi  '111)  1. 

i  mi  ..'  -ii  in  i«t.  .  •  .  ■       ..  shan'tar     in 

■    hero  a  drunken 
.-mum  bj  » Itches. 
i  imp  .  1 .  i  do*  n.  M  ■  packing 

b  ill.'i-i 

tmmp'er,  [pop  37,800 

i  _,mi  pa,  ipon  in  w     Florida; 

i  mi  i > .  r.  r.  2  tam'per,  I  o  i  speriment  offi- 

.  lie  nr  interfere;  make  un- 

■  illowi  'I   bj    with,     [Fox    1 1  ii- 

1  mi   i>.-r- ■  r. 

i  im  pi  i  ".  port  city  In  N. 

i. mi  pi-Hi.  .  :.'  t&m'pi-on,  n.     A  stopper,  as 

;  ,ug  put  into  the  mouth  ui  a  cannon  to  exclude  war 
.   <  D.  tap,  bung] 
i  mi  moo,  1  tam'peo:  2  tam'pon,  n.  Surgery,  a  pin 

OF.;  Bee  i  uipion  ] 
I  mi'.  1  tnrn'-tum";  2  turn'-tiim",  ».    1.  A  species 
!  ndiea  and  western  Africa. 
.'.    '•.  Chii  ng     [Hind.] 

i. in.  .  :i  una  i>.  i  -.im;  ]   1. t.    1. 

ipecially  by  treating 

with  an  inl  .nnin,  as  from  oak«  or  hemlock' 

bark  '-'■    .  0  harden,  as  fish-nets  or  sails.     S,    I'm 

brome,  a.-  I  rare  to  the  sun.    4.  [Col- 

■    ;     II.       ro  become  tanned)  in  any  sense. 

tan'mr.  Ian  'ni-r-y.  n.   A  place 

where  leather  Is  tan:..'.  tan'-)arc":.     tan'nlng,  n.  The 

art  or  proces-  Into  leather. 

i  hi.  row  n;  tan-colored. 

tan.  n     l  oak  nr  hemlock,  used 
in  tanning.    tan',bark":.    2.  Yellowish  brown  tinged  with 

:.  '  the  -km.  as  from  exposuri 

i.-  l.in'ibark",   n.     A   dark,  as  of  oak, 

containing  tannic  acid  In    , 

(an  rat,  '  lining  tannlng-ll<pior.    tampit;. 

(.in..  tangent. 

tan'a-gi-r,  I  A  finch-like  bird 

isily  brilliantly  colored;  as,  the 
no.    [  <  Brat 
Ta  ■■"■■  1 1 'ill.   1  "i-iin'iin-rl''.  rt'VO,  n.     The 

•  '  :  .  I2n 

I  in  .  r.  i.  :,  n.     (1078-1112  I     \  Nor- 

.1(1.- 

tan'dim.  .  in'dem     La.    Having  the  draft* 

.:ds  names.*'  .  tin-  other;  arranged  like  a 

II.  1.  Twn  or  more  horsi  -  har- 

nea-  ucfa  a  turnout,  including 

-  and  vehicle     2.  A  cycle  with  seats  for  two 

III.  One  before 

•  '/-  m.  at  l'-ngth.] 
2  tan.  pmn    [Seoi  |  One:  preceded  by  the  and 
■  ontractlon  of  thi;  ane  i 

Ta'ne),   1    t/.'m.  2  la'ny,   Riipt   Brooke     1777    b'.l         \ii 

sited 
i  in.-  .  .  -.it.  n      A  slender  projecting  shank  or 

4  a  metallic  implement,  for  insertion  into  a 
Umguedike  member.     (  <  Ice.  tangi.) 
t.wig  ,  •■      1.  A  penetrating  taste,  flavor,  or  odor,  com- 
ily  disagreeable.    2.  Any  distinct  quality,  especially 
••'.»■        -    -■  arp.] 
tane-.  ■■. nous  seaweeds.    |L>an.| 

line,  r.  in.    Same  as  tw- 

Tang  ,  l  ton;  2  t&ng,  n      A  Chinese  dynasty  CG18-907). 

Taii"gati->i 'ka,    1    toii'Ja-nrka;  2    tan'ga-ni'ka,  n.    A  lake 

Ifrica,  8.  W.  of  A  uua;  400  by  20-40  m. 

tan'ge-lo,  1  tan'ji-lo;  2  tan'ge-16,  n       I  looecvkinned, 


■  -iik.-  fruit,  a  hybrid  i»  iw..n  the  tangerine  and 

the  pomelo  (grapefruit  rim         i 

i. in  ci-iif,  1  i.m  j.  nl .  2  i  in  (■■'•Hi      I.  n      I.  ■■  Mi  i  i 

i  poinl  and  iIimu  loa\  ing  wil h 
■  .nl  intersection     I. Touching     II-  ■      l.Asti  lighl  line 

■  ni  (••  a  om  vo.   %  ' mi  i  he  trigonomotri- 

•  motions      i  ppr.  t  ingi  «(<  I  .  touch  | 

lan'si'ii-i) .  i.i.ii 

i  in  gi  in  .        tan-gen  u.ii. 
I  .in  ciT-liii-'.  l  Bi  in'     I.  a,    <  ii  mi 

pertaining  loi occo    II.  n     I.  \  nal i\ ■ 

habitant  of  Tangiei      '.'.  |i  I   \    mall  rt»d«  kinned  orange, 

n  variety  of  mandarin     |-    Tangier.]    'r;m"gl«T-liu''|- 

(.in  ti-hi  i-  .  1  tan'ji-bl;  L'  tan'gi  bl,  a      Perceptible  by 

i borb]  thi   lenses;  figuratively,  apprehensible    [P., 

I    i  '  . '  ■  .   .'.  tOUi  •  V 101  N  i .  PHYSICAL       fan"- 

Ki-iiii  i-i > .  tan'gl-ol  e-ness',         tan'gl-bly,  rufi 

Taii-Kler  '.  1  :  i :'    III       '  i  an  r.  i      ■•       \  ■■< m|ii .1 1  cltj  Ol  MorOOOO, 

\    W     Ulrica;  hold  1803   1084;  pop    18, 

I. Ill  tie.  ]  I.    I    A    |  i      [tan'ol(i  id" 

i  w  ..i  im.  ]    I.  I'm  intertwine  oonfu  edh      '!.  I  o  com 

plicate  ineztricablj      8.  To  be  entangled     II.  n,    I.  A 

i  .  ,1  mini  w  ining  ol  flexible  mati  rial  i,  as  thread   oi 

in  a  complii  ati  d  ma        '!.  I lenoe,  a  itate  ol  oon 

on     1 1  It    •    [  oe.  thang,  kelp]  [huckleberry 

Ian  glc-bcr"r).  l   tao'gl-ba  The  lilm- 

tan 'go,  1  cui'i'M,  2  i. in 'km,  n  \n  Argentinian  dance  executed 
In  various  ways,     [op    im.]  ten'go]. 

tank,  I  tank;  2  t&nk,  n  1.  A  large  vessel  or  receptacle  for 
holding  a  fluid  2.  [Recenl  ]  An  armored  car  propelled  by 
motor>power  wiUi  caterpillar  tractor  and  mounted  witn 
guns.    |  <  Pg.  tanfue,  <  L,  ttagnum,  pool  I 

tank 'age,  1  tank'u;  2  t&nk'ag,  «.  1.  The  iniitiiiK  in 
tanks,  'i.  The  price  inr  storage  in  tanks  :{.  ill,-  capac- 
ity nr  contents  of  a  tank.    4.  The  residuum  ol  iai>,  etc. 

tankard,  l  tarjk'erd;  2  t&nk'ard,  n.    A  large  drinking* 

CUD,  often  with  a  cover.     |<  OF.  latmuora,  tankard] 

i  i ii  1 1 me  .  1  tan'bn;  2  tanllng,  n.    One  tanned  by  the  sun. 

Tan  'iien-biTK,  1  Mii'eii-lierii;  2  t :iii'<'ii-I><"th .  n.     A  Village  In 

Kast  Prussia;  Oermans defeated  Russians,  Aug.  26  29,  I'.n-i. 
Tann'liau-MT.  1  tnn'hel-zsr;  :.'  t&n'hOl-ger,  r».    O.  Myth.    A 

knk'lit  who  revels  With  VenUSal  her OOtirt.    See  Vi.m  bbbro. 

tan'iiic,  1  tan'ik;  2  tan'ie,  a.  Pertaining  t,>  or  derived 
from  tan.-  tannic  acid,  a  brownish«white  astringenf 
oompound  extracted  from  gall«nuts;  also,  any  astringent 
principle  contained  In  vegetables,  as  In  oak-hark,  tan'iiln:. 

fan's),  1  tan'zi;  2  tan'sy.n.  1.  A  coarse  perennial  Old 
World  herb  with  rayless  heads  of  yellow  flowers:  used 
in  medicine  and  rooking.  ''.  •  >ne  of  several  plants  with 
similar  leaves.     [  <  (ir  F  athanaeia,  immortality] 

tan'ta-llze,  1  tan'to-laiz;  2  tan'ta-liz,  tt.  [-lized;  -i.iz"- 
iNfi.J  To  tease  liy  repeated  disappointments  in  the 
attainment  of  some  object;  less  correctly,  to  arou 
prolong  t hi-  fears  of;  harass.  [<  Tantalu  .'  see  TaN- 
i  vii  -  j  tan'ta-llse:.  Syn.:  see  misi.kad.  —  tan"ta-ll- 
za'lor  -sa'jtlon,  n.     tan'ta-llz"[or -lls"]lng-l>,  ode. 

tan  la-lllill,  1  tan't;i-liini;  2  tan'ti  lum,  n.  Chem.  A  silver- 
while  metallic  element   used  In  the  manufacture  of  electric 

lamp  filaments.    See  element.    [<  Tantalus.] 

Tan'ta-lus,   1    tan'ta-lus;  2  tiin'ta-lus.  n.     Son  of  Zeus  and 

father  of  Niobe;  for  revealing  the  secrets  or  Zeus  in-  was 
plunged  to  the  neck  In  water,  with  fruit  banging  above 
lum,  but  both  retreated  when  be  attempted  to  taste  them. 

fan 'ta-niount,  l  tan'ta-maunt; 2  t&n'ta-mount, a.  Hav- 
ing equivalent  value,  effect,  or  import;  equivalent.  (  < 
i      i.  tanfu  i,  bo  much,    •    uiount.] 

tan-tar'a,  1  tan-tar's;  2  tiin-tar'a,  n.  A  quick  .succession  of 
notes  from  a  horn;  also,  a  hunting-cry.   limit. |  tan-tar'ot. 

tan-flv'y,  1  tan-tiv'i;  2  tan-tlv'v.  I.  a.  Swift;  rapid 
U.adv,    Swiftly;  with  all  speed    limitative]    tlv'yj. 

fan '(ruin,  1  tan'trom;  2  t&n'trfim,  n.  A  petulant  in  oi 
ion.    [<  W.  font,  sudden  impulse.]    tan'tremt- 

Tao'lsm,    <  l  tau'lzm;  2  tou'ism.  »      One  of  the  principal 

Taou  'Ism,  I  religions  ol  <  ihlna,  founded  by  Lao»tae  (about  500 
B.C.]     [■>   Chin,  too,  way.]  -Tao'lst,  n     Tao-ls'tlc,  a. 

tap1,  1  tap;  2  tap.  l.vt.  [tapped1,  tai'i";  tai-'hm.  |  1. 
To  draw  liquid  from,  as  by  opening  a  tan;  also,  to  pierce 

for  such  a  purpose.  2.  Figuratively,  to  make  connec- 
tion with  fur  drawing  off  anything,  as  a  railroad.  II.  n. 
1.  A  plug,  stopper,  or  faucet  by  means  of  which  liquid 

may  be  drawn  from  a  cask.  'i.  A  tool  for  cutting  in- 
ternal   screw-threads.      .'I.    AVer.    A    branch    conductor. 

4.  A  particular  liquor  or  quality  oi  liquor.    5.  [Colloq.] 

A  place  where  liquor  is  served;  bar.  tap'<rooill"t- 
[<  AS  tteppan,  txppa,  tap.]— on  tap.  1.  Contained  In 
a  cask,  as  opposed  to  bottled.  2.  Heady  to  be  drawn  upon. 
—  tap'shouse"},  n.  A  tavern.  — tap=root,  n.  The  prin- 
cipal descending  root  of  a  plant. 
tap2.  I1,  rf.  &  ri.  1.  To  touch  or  strike  gently.  2.  To 
apply  leather  to  'the  sole  or  heel  of  a  shoe)  in  repair. 


1:8=  final;     I  =  habit:    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lQ  =  feud;    cTnn;    go;    n  =  sing;    thin,    this.    Tamerlane 
789    2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,  tartan 


3.  To  strike  gently  with  (something,  as  the  finger).  II. 
n .  1.  A  gentle  or  play f  ul  bio w.  2.  Leather  put  upon  the 
sole  or  heel  of  a  shoe.  3.  pi.  A  military  signal  by  trum- 
pet or  beat  of  drum,  sounded  15  minutes  after  tattoo, 
for  the  extinguishing  of  all  lights  in  soldiers'  quarters. 
l<  F.  taper,  <  G.  tappen,  fumble.]  —  tap'per,  n. 

iap',  re.  [Scot.]  Top. 

tape,  1  tep;  2  tap,  n.  A  narrow,  stout  strip  of  woven 
fabric,  forming  a  flat  cord;  also,  a  flat  strip  of  paper, 
etc.  [<  L.AB  tapete  (<  Gr.  tapes) ,  carpet.] — red  tape, 
the  close  observance  of  forms  and  routine,  as  in  public  busi- 
ness.— tape  line,  a  tape  for  measuring  distances,  marked 
in  feet,  inches,  etc.,  and  rolling  up.  —  tape'worm",  n.  A 
ribbon=like  worm  infesting  the  alimentary  canal. 

ta'per,  1  te'par;  2  ta'per.  l.vt.&vi.  To  make  or  become 
smaller  toward  the  end;  hence,  to  lessen  gradually: 
often  with  out  or  off.  II.  a.  Growing  small  by  degrees 
in  one  direction;  slender  and  conical  or  pyramidal. 
III.  n.  1.  A  small  candle.  2.  A  gradual  diminution 
of  size  in  an  elongated  object.     [  <  AS.  taper.] 

tap'es-try,  1  tap'es-tn;  2  tap'es-try.  I.  vt.  [-tried;  -try- 
ing.] To  hang  with  tapestry;  make  or  weave  as  tapes- 
try. II.  n.  [-tries2,  pi.}  1.  A  loosely  woven,  orna- 
mental fabric  used  for  hangings,  in  which  the  woof  is 
supplied  by  a  spindle,  the  design  being  formed  by 
stitches  across  the  warp.  2.  Loosely,  a  fabric  imitating 
this  process.     [Ult.  <  Gr.  tape(t-)s,  tapestry.] 

tap"i-o'ca,  1  tap"i-6'ka;  2  tap"i-6'ca,  n.  A  starchy  sub- 
stance having  irregular  grains,  obtained  from  cassava. 
[Sp.,  <  Braz.  tipioca,  juice  of  the  cassava.] 

ta'pir,  1  te'par;  2  ta'pir,  re.  A  large  herbivorous  mammal, 
having  short  stout  limbs  and  flexible  proboscis,  with  the 
nostrils  near  the  end.  The  tapir  of  South  and  Central 
America  is  brownish«blaek,  that  of  the  Malay  Penin- 
sula black  and  white.     [  <  Braz.sP  tapy'ra,  tapir.] 

ta'pis,  1  te'pis  or  ta-pl';  2  ta'pis  or  ta-pi',  n.  Tapestry, 
formerly  used  as  a  cover  of  a  couneil=table:  now  only  in 
the  phrase  on  the  tapis  (up  for  consideration). 

tap 'pet,  1  tap'et;  2  tap'St,  n.  A  projecting  arm  of  a 
mechanism,  to  operate  an  unattached  part  automati- 
cally.    [Perh.   <  tap2,  v.] 

tap'plt,  1  tap'it;  2  tap'it,  a.  [Scot.]  Having  a  tuft;  crested. 
—  tap'pltshen",  re.  1.  A  hen  having  a  top=knot.  2.  An  En- 
glish pewter  measure  for  liquors,  holding  one  or  three  quarts. 

tap"sal-tee'rle, )  1   tap'sal-tl'n;  2  tap"sal-te'ri,  adv.  [Scot.] 

tap".sie-tee'rle,  S  Upside  down  and  in  confusion;  topsy-turvy. 
[Var.  of  topsy=turvy.] 

tap'stcr,  1  tap'star;  2  tap'ster,  n.  One  who  draws  and 
serves  liquor;  a  bartender.  [tar. 

tar,  1  tar;  2  tar,  vt.    [tarred;  tar'ring.]    To  cover  with 

tar',  n.  Chem.  A  dark,  oily  liquid  obtained  by  dry  distil- 
lation from  resinous  wood,  coal,  etc.     [  <  AS.  teru,  tar.] 

tar!,  n.  [Colloq.]  A  sailor.    [For  tarpaulin.] 

tar"an-tel'la,  1  tar"an-tel'a;  2  tar"an-tel'a,  n.  A  lively  Nea- 
politan dance,  or  the  music  written  for  it. 

ta-ran'tu-la,  1  ta-ran'tiu-la;  2  ta-ran'tu-la,  re.  1.  A 
large,  venomous,  hairy  spider  of  southern  Europe.  2. 
A  similar  spider  of  the  warmer  parts  of  America.  [  <  It. 
tnrnnlola.  <  Taranto,  <  L.  Tarenlum.  Tarentum.l 

ta-rax'a-oum,  1  ta-raks'a-kum;  2  ta-raks'a-cum,  re.  1.  The 
dandelion.  2.  A  medicinal  preparation  from  this  plant.  [< 
(Jr.  'nraxls,  confusion,  <  larasso,  disturb.] 

tar-bor»sh',  1  tar-bush';  2  tiir-boosh',  re.  A  brimless,  usually 
red,  felt  cap  with  colored  silk  tassel,  worn  by  Moslems.  [< 
Ar.  tarbUs/i.]     tar-bush't. 

lar 'dl-grade,  1  txir'di-gred;  2  tar'di-grad,  a.  Slow  in  pace  or 
movement,  as  a  sloth.  [  <  I.,  lardUiradus,  <  tardus,  slow; 
and  see  guade,  re]    tar-dig 'ra-dousf . 

tar'dy,  1  tar'di;  2  tar'dy,  a.  [tar'di-er;  tar'di-kst  .]  1. 
Not  coming  at  (he  appointed  time;  dilatory;  late.  2. 
Slow;  reluctant.  [<  F.  tard  (<  L.  tardus),  slow.]  Syn.:  see 
slow;  tedious. — tar'dl-ly,  adv.  —  tar 'dl-ness,  re. 

tare1,  1  tar;  2  tar,  vt.  [tarkd;  tar'ino.]  To  weigh,  as  a  ves- 
sel or  package,  in  order  to  determine  the  amount  of  tare. 

tare2i|,  Imp.  of  teak,  v. 

tare,  a.  [Prov.  Eng.]  Eager;  brisk.     [<   AS.  teran,  tear.] 

tare1,  re.  1.  Bib.  An  unidentified  weed  supposed  to  lie  the 
darnel.    2.  Any  weed,  as  vetch.    f<  AS.  teran,  tear.] 

tare2,  re.  An  allowance  made  fur  the  weight  of  the  con- 
tainer of  goods.    [P.,  <  Ar.  tarha,  <  tarah,  throw  away.] 

Ta-ren'tum,  1  ta-ren't.mn:  2  ta-ren'tum.  re.  An  ancient  sea- 
port in  S.  !■;.  Italy,  the  modern  Taranto.  [TARGET  I 

large,  1  torJ;  2  tiirii,  re.     A  Shield;  rarely,  a  target.     [F  :  see 

tar'get,  1  tar'get;  2  tar'get,  n.     1.  A  mark  to  be  shol  a1 
See  iiluH.  iii  next  col.    2.  A  shield,    target.    I  <  !''■  targe, 
shield,  of  Tetit.  origin.]— tar"get-eer\ n.     A  soldier  armed 
with  a  shield. 

Tar'gum,  1  mr'gttm  or  tar-gum';  2  tar'gum  or  tar-gum',  re. 
one  of  various  ancient  paraphrases  of  portions  of  the  Me 
brew  Scriptures  In  Aramaic  or  Ghaldee.    [<  Chal.  larqUrn, 


interpretation,     <     targum,    interpret.] — Tar'gum-ic,    a. 

Tar-gum 'i-eaU.— Tar'gum-lst,  re. 
tar 'iff,  )  1  tar'if ;  2  tar'if,  re.     1.  A  schedule  of  articles  of 
tar 'if, )  merchandise  with  the  rates  of  duty  to  be  paid  for 

their  importation   or   ex- 
portation.     2.  A  duty,  or 

duties     collectively.       3. 

The  law  by  which  duties 

are    imposed;     also,    the 

principles  governing  their 

imposition.  4.  Any  sched- 
ule of  charges.    [  <  Ar.sP+F 

ta'rif,  <  'arafa,  know.] 
tar 'la-tan,   1  tar'la-tan;  2 

tar'la-tan,   n.      An  open, 

transparent  muslin:  often 

rather  coarse.     [  <  Milan- 
ese     tarlantanna,       linsey* 

woolsey.]    tarlc-tanf. 
Tarle'ton,  1  tarl'tan;  2  tarl'- 

ton,    Sir  Banastre  (1754- 

1833).     An  English  cavalry 

officer  in  America.  Disappearing  Target. 

tarn,  1  torn;    2  tarn,  n.      A        «__»_,      ,    •,  . 

,,    ...  ..,.  a.  tri'iit  \  i.v,  .    j     silt-  \  fw  .  '■.  si-t  uit    ii 

small  mountain  lake.  [Akin  rifle.moge. 
to  Ice.  tjarn.] 

tar'nish,  1  tar'nisli;  2  tiir'nish.  IK  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  lessen 
the  luster  of;  lose  luster,  as  by  stain  or  oxidation.  2.  To 
dim  the  purity  of;  stain;  disgrace.  II.  re.  1.  Loss  of  lus- 
ter; hence,  a  blemish.  2.  Mineral.  The  thin  film  of 
color  on  the  exposed  surface  of  a  mineral.  [  <  OHG.F 
tarni,  hidden.]    Syn.:  see  blemish;  defile;  stain. 

Tar'now,  1  tar'nov;  2  tar'nov,  re.  A  town  in  W.  Oallcla,  Aus- 
tria; entered  by  the  Russians,  December,  1914. 

ta'ro,  1  td'ro;  2  ta'ro,  n.     A 

tropical  plant,  whose  edible  Kji         *      Taro. 

root  is  used  as  food.    [Poly-  <§|       (l  <••  th«  spathe. 

neslan.]     ta'ra;. 

tar-pau'lin,  1  tar-pe'hn;  2 
tar-pa'lin,  re.  1.  A  water= 
proof  canvas,  impregnated 
with  tar,  for  covering  mer- 
chandise. 2.  A  sailors' 
wide=brimmed  storm=hat. 
3.  [Colloq.]  A  sailor.  [  < 
tar1,  n.,  -f-  palling,  cover- 
ing] 

Tar-pe^ian,    1    tar-pi'yan;    2 
tar-pe'yan,  a.    Designating  a 
cliff   (Tarpeian  rock)   upon 
the  Capitolino  Hill  at  Rome,  from  which  state 
criminals  were  hurled. 

tar'pon,  1  tar'pan;  2  tar'pon,  n.  A  large  game* 
fish  of  the  West  Indies  and  S.  E.  United  States. 
See  fish.     [Am.  Ind.J 

Tar'quln,  1  tar'kwm;  2  tiir'kwin,  n.  1.  Lucius  (Prlscuss 
6th  king  of  Rome:  built  sewers  and  other  public  works.  2* 
Lucius  ( Superbus)   7th  king  of  Rome;  deposed  by  a  revolt- 

tar'ra-gon,  1  tar'a-gon;  2  tar'a-gdn,  re.  A  European  peren- 
nial plant  allied  to  wormwood:  cultivated  for  lt.s  aromatl0 
leaves.    [<  Ar.tarkhun,  <  Gr.  drakdn,  dragon.] 

tar'rl-ance||,  1  tar'i-ans;  2  tar'l-anc.  re.    A  tarrying;  delay. 

tar'ry,  1  tar'i;  2  tar'y,  vi.  [tar'kied;  tar'kv-ing.1  1.  To 
put  off  going  or  coming;  linger.  2.  To  remain  in  the  same 
place;  abide;  stay.  3||.  To  await.  4f.  To  delay.  [Ult. 
<  L.  tardus,  slow.]     Syn.:  see  abide. — tar'rl-cr,  re. 

tar'ry,  1  tur'i ;  2  tar'y,  a.    Covered  with  tar;  like  tar. 

Tar'ry-town,  1  tar'i-taun;  2  tiir'y-town,  n.   A  village  in  s  i ;. 

New  York;  scene  of  the  capture  of  Major  Andre;  pop.  5,<i00. 

Tar'shlsh,  1  ulr'shl.sli;  2  tiir'slilsli,  re.  Bib.  Ananeieni  conn 
try,  possibly  Spain.     1  Kini/s  x,  22. 

tar'sus,  1  tfir'sus;  2  tiir'siis,  re.  [tar'si,  1  -aai;  2  -si,  pi  I 
1.  The  ankle,  or,  in  man,  the  group  of  seven  bones  ol 
which  it  is  composed.  2.  A  plate  of  connective  tissue  m 
the  eyelid.  3.  The  shank  of  a  bird's  leg.  4.  The  ter- 
minal segment  of  an  insect's  limb.  |  <  tarsus,  any  flat 
surface.]     tar 'sal,  a.  [Minor;  birthplace  ot  St.  Paul. 

Tar'sus,   1    tfir'BUS;  2   tar'sus,   re.      A  seaport    in   S.    10.    Asia 

tart,  1  fnrt;  2  tart,  a.  1.  Having  a  sharp,  sour  taste.  2. 
Figuratively,  severe;  cutting.  [<  AS.  leart,  <  teran, 
tear.]    Syn.:  see  bitter,     tart'ly,  adv. — tart'ness,  n. 

tart,  re.  1 .  [II.  S.]  A  small  piece  of  pastry  with  fruit  filling, 
and  without  top  crust.,  as  distinguished  from  a  pie.     '!. 

[Eng.]  A  fruit  pie.     |  <    I,.1-'-"''  tortus,  pp.  of  tarqueo, 

twist]      tart  'let,  //.   [Colloq.l   A  small  tart. 
tart.,  ablir.    Tartaric. 
tar'tan1,  1  bar/tan;2  tar'tan,  ».  I.  \  Sootoh  plaid  fabric; 

also,  its  design  or  pattern.     2.  A  garment  of  BUoh  mate- 
rial.    I  <  Bp.     t intinm,  thin  woolen  clot  1 1  | 

tar'lan'-,  «.   l.  a  Mediterranean  vessel  having  one  mast  with 


I  irl  »r 
l.  .1 


,        X  |  l  I  |       .11.  flr;   full.  rO>;   btlt.bOrn; 

,      |  .■  tii-.   proy.  fire;  hi     i        I  I  I   -utt,  or.  won.        71M) 


T»r   ur 
T»r   (i-t 


n  rr-j 
Tar   l»-r 


li»k  Pma»"lrr 
T»  — m*  ni- 1. 


I 

.IT 

down 
i.ir-l.i  r.  -.hi-.. 
tar-ljr   I.  .  r        .         .     to 

i .« r   i  i  r ...  1 1  - . 

Tar'tar't.     Tar- 
1  ir-ta'rl-an: 

I 

I  I 

;  II  I 

Itiirvd.  or  un 

.. 

latmr, 
l.i-k  .  r. 


it  con- 
t.i--.  • 
t  .-  -,  I  .  I 

1  • 

"i.  To 

ll.        I.  A  pendent 

•.'.  -   ■  i  thins  re- 

.  iisa  flower-head.     (OF., 

. 

•  us'et.  n.   Arm,-    One  of  a  series  of  over- 
'■«m  the  cuirass  to  protect 
.  <   F.  Cessans,  dim.  .if   i  •! 
topi. 
.-..  Torquat..  An  Italian 

|   I.  f,    1.  To 
•r  of.  as  by  taking  into  the  mouth  or 
hingwiththi  ■'•  fn  take  a  little  of ,  either 

Lrink,  into  the  mouth.    3.  rotest  by  taking 
aur  mouth.    4.  To  have  aught  exp< 

II.         1.  •  illy  with  of.     ?.   1  - 

.-  flavor.     [<  L.or  laxo,  freq.  of  tanao, 

touc  ,         ,  1     1.1  u 

taste,  1-  when  a  soluble  sub- 

the  in.. nth;  also,  the  quality  thus  p>-r- 

.'.  That  <.ii<-  of  the  five  senses  thai  gives 

t.       jmall  quantity  tasted,  sipped,  ..r 

.  figuratively       L. 

."..    -       ..il  fondness  and  aptitude 
t    pursuit;    inclination.     6.    Style    ur    form    with 

.  etc.    7.  The  act 
--.   -mpII.     0+.  A  testing.     Synj  see  relish:  bavob. 
Mil.         1.'     nf orming  to  taste.    2.  Possessing  good 
:t  .  3avory. 
Syn.:  artistic,  chaste,  dainty,  delicate,  delicious,  elegant, 
fastidious,  fine.   nice.   tasty. 
:ra  Ls  made  SO  not  merely  by  nut  up-,  but 
by  art  and  culture;  a  woodland  dell  may  be  bean 
picturesque,  but  would  not  ordinarily  be  termed 
Tail-  hat  In  which  the  element  of  taste  ls  more 

pron.  ■  .  '..:.   SS   It    were,    more   by   Itself,   while   In 

'  the  whole.      Tasty  Ls  an  In- 
ferior word,  used  colloquially  In  a  similar  sense 
(primarily  ;  n  literature  and  art  that  which  Is 

•o  the  higher  ..  ngs  and  free  from  all 

flat  ornament      Italnty  and  dtUealt  refer  to  the 
:  beauty,  dainty  tend- 
-upulousness  which  Is 
more  fully  expressed  by  fastidious.    Sice  and  iAicaU  both 
refer  to  exact  ada:  •  me  standard;  as  regards  mat- 

ters of  tar--  I  more  discriminating 

word  than  •  ISBd  In  B  favorable 

•    :  rtlnctlon 
may  be  so.  or  ma'.  I   I  unduly  subt 

in  such  use  Is  do*-  I  nin.  but  'tho 

,  ..,,.-        •    -    ir.favorabie  sens,,    has  commonly  a  suggestion 
of  positive  excellence  or  admtrableness;  a  fin'  touch  doe* 
to  some  purpose;  deUetut 
V-  capable  of  the  -ingle  unfavorable  sense  of  frail  or  fragile: 

beauty  or  the  appreciation  of  the  beautiful,  especially  from 

•  dew.    Ezq-ulxUe  denotes  thi 
perf.  -.gant  In  minute  details;  we  speak  of  an 

decani  gar:  :><uUUe  Is  also  applied 

to  Intense  keenness  of  any  feeling:  as.  tzquUUt  delight    i  r- 
gvtrUe    pain.      Bee    BKAtmrux;    deu  «.—  Ant.: 

clumsy-,  coarse,  deformed.  disgusting,  displeasing,  distaste- 
ful, fulsome,  gaudy,  grotesque,  harsh,  hideous,  horrid,  ln- 


arttsUr,  Inharmonious,  mrrelrlrloiw,  offpnslvc,  rough    mi. I. 

drj      taate'ral-ly,  tasU  fui-n.  ■-■ 

taat*  i,ss,        i    Having  no  flavor;  Insipid  dull     '.'.  Having 
lout  (I  ii  (evold  or  esthetic  lasts    -i>  ■ 

-in-..         t.>si  \.         I,  Having  s  itne  flavor;  savoo      l< 

lefUl       tastl-l>.   ;./'        tasl    l-iics*.  ., 
til.  a    i        j  I  1 1    i  i  i.'.  i  \  i    i  is..  |     To  make. 

tatting     I  •    loe   tsrfo,  piak  |    tatl|. 
iii  Una,         \  laocllkc  thrcadwork,  made  by  hand 
Ta'lar.  |  t.  etc.: 

pokon  by  these  peoples     -.'.  A  Mogul 

ni   tin'  13th  OentUrj  .  whl  '     la      3. 

Ian)   of  the  medieval    Moguls,  now 

dwelling  in  1  uropc  ..r   \  i.  I  |    \  person  of 

temper:  in  this  sense  al«  i  itch  a 

T.i'l.ir.  Ta-ta'- 

rl-an.u  A  n     Ta-tar'lc:.     Ta'lar-),;i     Same  a  .  T  \immiv 

tatrhet,  n    Same  ai  ivm 

(ate,  1  let  .  2  t*t,  '         Scol   i      \  Wisp  or  tuft,  as  of  h;i\  or  hair. 

ta-tou',  l  '  i  armadillo;  especially,  t  ii<- 

riant  armadillo  of  the  forests  of  Brasll     [1  .  ■    B  am 
tat'ou-ay,   i  I'ta-ol';  2  tnt'u-a  <<r  tsVtu-y,  n. 

a  large  south-American  armadillo. 
I.i(  '(cr;,  1  tat'sr;  2  k  '"r|i  and  ha"gj"g  .shred; 

rag;  in  the  plural. ragged  clothing.    I-    la 

i  1 1  "ter-ili-ui.i  'lion.  \  •        ■   I  fi        ■.       tat  'ter(e)d", 

a.   l.  Torn  Into  tatters    >.  Clothed  In  rags;  ragged. 
tat  'ter!,  a.    A  maker  of  tatting, 

tat  'tie,  I  1  t -it'l.  L'  t'lt'l.     I.    I    .V  ri.     [tat'ti.ed,  tat'ldp; 
lat'l1'.    (  rir'n.iv.il    1.  To  tell  in  idle  talk;  blab     IB.  To 
t.-ll  i  i  DLn.    L  Idle  talk  or  gossip.    2.  Prat- 
tling  s| oh,    :us   of   chililnn.      [<    LG.    taUHn,   tattle  | 

Synj  sis'  mnni.K    -tat  'tier,  n     I.  One  who  taities;  a  tale- 
si  of  sandpiper,      tat 'tllng,  n. 
tat-too'  ,  1  I  l -i  i '.  '-'  '  'i-i.h,'.     I.  vt      To  prick  and  mark 
•     b  rns  with  indelible 
pigments.     II.  n.     A  pattern  or  pic- 
ture so  made.     (  <  Tahiti  an  tutu,  < 
la.    mark.  1— tat-too 'er,   n       one  who 
t  it-too'lst ;.     tat- too 'log, 
n.    tat-t«M)'age;. 
tat-too'-,  n.     A  continuous   beating  or 
drumming;    specif.,    in     military    or 
naval    usage,    a  signal    by    drum     or 
bugle  to  repair  to  quarters,  usually 
occurring    about    0     I'.  M.       [<    D. 
taptoe.  'the  tap  ls  closed.'] 
tau,  1   ton;  2   ton.   n.       The  nineteenth     1/ 
letter  In  the   Greek    alphabet:   equiva- 
lent to   the  English  t.     [<  Gr.tau,  the  Tattooing    on    the 
letter  T]  -tau   bone,  tau  cross,  etc.,      Face  of  a  Maori 
a  bone,  cross,  etc..  shaped  like  the  Greek      chief. 
letter  tow  or  T.     See  cross. 
taube,  1  tou'ba:  2  tou'be,  n.    [G.]    A  dove:  name  given  also 

to  a  type  of  monoplane. 
taught,  1  tot;  2  mt.imp.  &pp.  ofTEACH.e. 
taunt,  1  tunt  or  tont;  2  tiint  or  tant.     Id.  vt.     1.  To  re- 
proach with  insulting  words.     2t.  To  denounce  with 
scorn.     3t-  To  tease.     II.  n.     A  bitterly  sarcastic  re- 
mark.   [<  L.°*  lento,  lemplo;  sec  tkmit.J    Syn.:  (verb)  sec 
mock:  ripicule;  scoff;  sneer;  (noun)  see  scorn;  sneer.— 
taunt  'er,  n.  —  taunt  'ln«-ly,  adv. 
Taun'ton,  1  mii'tan;  2  tiin'ton,  n.     1.  A  town  In  S.  W.  fen- 
land;  scene  of  the  liloody  Assizes;  pop.  22.600.    2.  A  manu- 
tacturlng  City  In  8.  E   .Massachusetts;  pop.  34.300. 
Tau'rus,  1  te'rrm;  2  ta'riis,  n.     1.  a  constellation,  the 
Bull,  including  Aldebaran  and   the    Pleiades    Bee  con- 
.,,,,.      •;.  The  second  sign  of  the  zodiac.    3.  A 
mountain  range  In  8.  E.Asia  Minor.  [L.,  <  Gr.  lauro.s,  bull] 
tau 'Hue,  a.    1.  Of  or  like  a  bull,     tau'rl-formt.     2. 
Related  to  or  connected  with  toe  constellation  or  .sign  Taurus. 
taut,  1  tot;  2  hat,  a.    Naut.    L  Hard«drawn;  stn^tched 
tight.    2.  In  proper  shape;  ready;  tidy      [For  TIGHT,  a] 
tan-log',    1   to-tog';   2   ta-tog',  n.    The  blackfish.     bee 

fish.     [Am.  Ind]     tau-taug':;  te-taug'J. 
tau-tol'0-gy,  1  to-tol'o-ji;  2  ta-tol'o-gy,  n.    Lnnecessary 
repetition,  whethei  in  word  or  sense.    [  <  Gr.  tauto  (for 
to  auto),  the  same.  +  legO.  speak.]    Syn.:  see  circumlocu- 
t.ui  "t.>-log'lc,  tau"to-log'l-eal,  tau-tol'o-goiis, 
a  —  tau"to-log'l-cal-ly,   wti       tau-tol'o-glsm,   n.  —  tau- 
tol'..-g|st,    r».      tau-tol'o-glze   or   -glse,    ti.     To   repeat 
needlessly  the  same  Idea  in  different  words. 
tav'lTll,  1  lav'.rn.  2  tav'ern,  n.     A  public  house  where 
guest  lined  for  pay;  also,  a  house  licensed  to 

sell  liquors  at  retail.    [  <  L."  taberna,  hut.] 
taw,  1  to;  2  ta,  t(.     1.  To  convert  into  leather  by  some 
process  other  than  soaking  in  tan-liquor,  as  by  using 
alum  and  salt.    Zt.1  i  ur.;  vex;  also,  to  harden 

01  prepare.    [  <  AS.  tawian,  prepare.]— taw'er,  n. 
taw,  n.    A  game  of  marbles;  also,  the  line  from  wbj.cn 
marble-players  shoot;  by  extension,  a  marble. 


1:8  =  final;    1  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    u  =  sing;    thin,   this. 
791         2:wQlf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    bQrn;   oil,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,   this. 


tartar 
ted 


taw'dry,  1  te'dn;2  ta'dry,  a.  [-dri-er;  -dri-est.]  Showy 
without  elegance;  excessively  ornamented;  gaudy.  [Cor. 
of  St.  Audrey  (<  AS.  jEthellhrylh) ,  at  whose  fair  finery  was 
aold.l— taw'drl-ly,  ado.— taw'drl-ness,  n. 

te'v'ny,  1  te'ni;  2  ta'ny,  a.  Tan=colored;  brownish=yel- 
low.    [Ult.  <  Bret"  rarerc,  oak.] — taw'ni-ness,  n. 

taw  'pie,  1  te'pi;  2  ta'pi,  n.  [Scot.]  A  foolish  young  woman. 
[<  Ice.  topi,  fool.]     tau'piet;  taw'py}. 

tax,  1  taks;  2  taks.  I',  vt.  1.  To  impose  a  tax  upon.  2. 
Law.  To  settle  or  fix  (amounts)  as  chargeable.  3.  To 
subject  to  a  severe  strain.  4.  Script.  To  enroll,  as  for 
tribute.  5.  [Colloq.]  To  ask  as  a  price.  6.  To  accuse: 
followed  by  of  or  with.  II.  n.  1.  A  compulsory  contri- 
bution levied  upon  persons,  property,  or  business  for 
the  support  of  government ;  any  assessment.  2.  A  heavy 
demand  upon  one's  powers  or  resources.  3t«  A  task. 
4f.  Censure.    [  <  L.F  taxo,  tax,  <  tango,  touch.] 

Syn.:  assessment,  custom,  demand,  duty,  exaction,  excise, 
impost,  rate,  toll,  tribute. — tax'a-bl(ep,  a.  Subject  to 
taxation. — tax-a'tion,  n.  1.  The  act  of  taxing;  also,  the 
amount  assessed  as  a  tax.     2t.  Accusation;  censure. 

tax'i-cab,  n.  A  motor=cab  fitted  with  a  meter  to  measure 
distance  and  record  fares.  [  <  tax,  charge,  +  cab.] 
tax'a-cabi;  tax-im'[or-am']e-terscab"t.— tax-im'e-ter, 
n.  1.  An  instrument  for  measuring  distances  and  recording 
fares.    2.  A  taxicab.    tax-am 'e-tert. 

tax'i-der"my,  1  taks'i-dur"mi;  2  taks'i-der"my,  n.  The 
art  or  process  of  stuffing  and  mounting  the  skins  of  dead 
animals  for  preservation.  [  <  Gr.  taxis,  arrangement, 
■+•  derma,  skin.] — tax"i-der'mal,  a.  tax"l-der'micj. — 
tax'i-der"mlst,  n.    One  who  practises  taxidermy. 

«ax-on'o-my,  1  taks-en'o-mi ;  2  tfiks-on'o-my,  n.  The 
department  of  science  that  embodies  the  principles  of 
classification,  especially  in  relation  to  living  organisms. 
[<  Gr.  taxis,  arrangement,  +  nomos,  law.]  tax '1st;  tax- 
ol'o-gyt.— tax"o-nom'ic  or  -i-cal,  a.— tax"o-nom'i- 
cal-ly,  adv. — tax-on  'o-mlst,  n. 

Tay'lor,  1  te'lar;  2  ta'lor.n.  1.  Bayard  (1825-1878),  an  Amer- 
ican diplomat,  traveler,  and  writer.  2.  Jeremy  (1613-1667), 
an  English  bishop  and  author.  3.  Zachary  (1784-1850). 
See  president.  [abbr.    Topographical  Engineer. 

Tb.,  abbr.    Tiberius.— tc,  abbr.    [tcs.,  pi.]    Tierce.— T.  E., 

tchlck,  1  cliik;  2  chlk.  I',  vi.  To  make  a  tchick.  II.  n.  A 
sound  made  by  pressing  the  tongue  against  the  roof  of  the 
mouth  and  sucking  it  back,  as  in  urging  a  horse.    [Imit.] 

tea,  1  tl;  2  te,  n.  1.  An  evergreen  Chinese  or  Japanese 
shrub  or  small  tree,  or  a  similar  plant 
of  Assam  and  India.  tea'=plant"t; 
tea'stree"t.  2.  The  prepared  leaves 
of  this  plant,  or  a  beverage  consist- 
ing of  an  infusion  of  them.  3.  Any 
infusion,  decoction,  solution,  or  ex- 
tract to  be  used  as  a  beverage  or 
medicinally.  4.  A  particular  kind 
of  leaves  for  making  a  beverage.  5. 
A  light  evening  or  afternoon  meal; 
also,  asocial  gathering  at  which  tea  is 
served.  [  <  Chin.  Amoy  (c] — tea's 
board",  n.  A  tray  or  tray-like  board 
for  holding  a  tea=set. — tea'cup",    n. 

1.  A  small  cup  suitable  for  serving  tea. 

2.  As  much   as   a   teacup  will   hold. —  Flowering    Branch 
tea'cup'TuI,  n.     [-fuls,  pi.]     Same  as  of  Tea. 
teacup,  2.— tea'kef'tle,  n.  A  kettle  in 

which  water  is  heated  for  culinary  purposes. — tea 'pot",  n. 
A  vessel  in  which  tea  may  be  drawn.  —  tea 'spoon",  n.  A 
small  spoon  used  for  stirring  tea,  etc. — tea'spoon'TuI,  n. 

[TEA'SPOON'PULS,  pi.] 

teach,  1  tlcli;  2  tech,  v.  [taught;  teach'ing.]  I.  t.  1. 
To  impart  knowledge  to  by  lessons;  give  instruction  to; 
guide  by  precept  or  example;  instruct.  2.  To  give  in- 
struction in;  make  known;  communicate  the  knowledge 
of.  3.  To  train  by  practise  or  exercise;  impart  skill,  fa- 
cility, etc.,  to.  4t-  To  guide;  conduct.  II.  1.  To  im- 
part knowledge;  give  instruction.  [<  AS.  t.-eain,  teach.) 
Syn.:  discipline,  drill,  educate,  enlighten,  give  instruct  ion, 
give  lessons,  indoctrinate.  Inform,  Initiate,  Instruct,  nurture, 
school,  train,  tutor.  To  teach  Is  simply  to  communicate 
knowledge;  to  instruct  (originally,  to  build  In  or  into,  put  In 
order)  Is  to  Impart  knowledge  with  special  method  and 
completeness;  instruct  has  also  an  authoritative  sense  nearly 
equivalent  to  command.  To  educate  is  to  draw  out  or 
develop  harmoniously  the  mental  powers,  and,  In  the  fullest 
sense,  the  moral  powers  as  well.  To  train  Is  to  direct  to  a 
certain  result,  powers  already  existing.  Train  la  used  In 
preference  to  educate  when  the  reference  Is  lo  the  Inferior 
animals  or  to  the  physical  powers  of  man;  as  to  train  a  horse;; 
to  train  the  hand  or  eye.  To  discipline  Is  to  bring  Into  habit- 
ual and  complete  subjection  to  authority.  To  nurture 
is  to  furnish  the  care  and  sustenance  necessary  for  physical, 
mental,  and  moral  growth;  nurture  Ls  a  more  tender  word 


than  educate.  See  inform;  learn. — teach 'a-bl(ep,  a.  1. 
Capable  of  being  taught;  docile.  2.  Capable  of  being  Im- 
parted by  teaching.  Syn.:  see  docile,  -ness,  n.— teach  'a- 
bly,  adv.  —  teach 'er,  n.  One  who  teaches;  specif.,  one 
whose  occupation  is  to  teach  others.  Syn.:  see  master. — 
teach'ing,  n.  1.  The  act  or  business  of  a  teacher.  2.  That 
which  is  taught.    Syn.:  see  doctrine;  education;  nurture. 

teak,  1  tik;  2  tek,  n.  A  large  East=Indian  tree  of  the 
vervain  family,  yielding  durable  timber  highly  prized 
for  shipbuilding.    [  <  Malayalam  lekka,  teak.] 

teal,  1  til;  2  tel,  n.    A  small  river=duck.    teal'sduck"t. 

team,  1  tim;  2  tern,  u.  [teamed;  team'ing.]  Li,  1.  To 
convey  with  a  team.  2.  To  harness  together  in  a  team. 
II.  i.  To  drive  a  team  as  a  business.  —  team'ing,  n.  1. 
The  act  or  business  of  driving  a  team.  2.  A  method  of  let- 
ting work  to  contractors  who  employ  teams  of  workmen. 

team,  n.  1.  Two  or  more  beasts  of  burden  harnessed  to- 
gether: often  (U.  S.)  including  harness  and  vehicle;  also, 
locally,  a  single  horse  and  vehicle.  2.  A  set  of  workers 
or  players.  3.  A  flock;  brood.  4f.  Race;  lineage.  [< 
AS.  team,  family,  <  teon,  draw.]— team 'ster,  n.  One  who 
drives  a  team. — teani'swork",  n.  Work  as  done  by  a 
team;  hence,  united  or  concerted  effort. 

tear,  1  tar;  2  tar,  v.  [tore,  formerly  tare;  torn;  tear'- 
ing.]  I.  {.  1.  To  pull  apart,  as  cloth,  especially  in  a  pro- 
gressive irregular  line;  also,  to  lacerate,  as  flesh  or  skin. 
2.  To  make  by  rending,  as  a  rent  in  a  garment.  3.  To 
sunder  or  sever  violently:  with  from,  away  from,  etc. 
4.  Figuratively,  to  produce  violent  divisions  in;  agitate 
violently.  II.  i.  1.  To  part  or  separate  on  being  pulled. 
2.  To  act  with  great  haste.  [  <  AS.  teran,  tear.]  Syn.: 
see  rend.— tear'er,  n.  —  tear'ing,  a.  [Colloq.]  Rushing 
along  as  in  a  hurry  or  fury:  also,  tremendous;  mighty;  huge. 

tear1,  n.  1.  A  fissure  made  by  tearing;  a  rent;  an  act  of 
tearing.    2.  [Slang.]  A  carouse.    3.  A  rushing  motion. 

tear2, 1  tlr;  2  ter,  n.  1.  A  drop  of  the  saline  liquid  secreted 
by  the  lacrimal  gland,  for  moistening  the  eye.  tear'» 
drop"J.  2.  A  drop  or  dropdike  portion.  3.  pi.  Figur- 
atively, sorrow;  lamentation.  [<  AS.  tear,  tear.] — 
tear'ful,  a.  Full  of  tears;  causing  tears,  -ly,  adv.  -ness, 
n. — tear'less,  a.  Shedding  no  tears,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. 
— tearsborab,  t.=shell,  n.  A  projectile,  the  charge  of 
which,  when  exploded,  affects  the  eyes. — tear'y,  a.  1.  Tear- 
ful.   2.  Provoking  tears;  pathetic. 

tease,  1  tiz;  2  te§.  I.  vt.  [teased;  teas'ing.]  1.  To  vex, 
annoy,  irritate,  or  harass  in  a  petty  way.  2.  To  im- 
portune persistently.  3.  To  scratch  or  dress,  as  cloth 
with  teazels.  4.  To  tear  or  pull  apart  with  instruments, 
as  tissues,  in  examination.  5.  To  comb  or  card,  as  wool 
or  flax.  II.  n.  1.  [Colloq]  One  who  or  that  which  teases. 
2.  The  act  of  teasing,  or  the  state  of  being  teased.  [  < 
AS.  tsesan,  tease.]     Syn.:  see  affront. — teas'er,  n. 

teat,  1  tit;  2  tet,  n.  1.  The  protuberance  on  the  breast  or 
udder  through  which  the  milk  is  drawn;  a  nipple;  pap; 
dug.  2.  The  mammary  gland.  3.  Something  resem- 
bling the  teat  of  an  animal.    [  <  AS.  tit.] 

tea'zel,  1  tl'zl;  2  te'zl,  n.  1.  A  plant  of  which  the  flower* 
head  is  covered  with  hooked  bracts,  or  its  bur  or  head: 
used  in  dressing  cloth.  2.  The  rough  bur  of  this  plant, 
or  a  mechanical  substitute:  used  in  dressing  cloth.  [  < 
AS.  tsbsel,  <  tsesan,  pluck]    tea'self.  [Technology. 

tech.,  abbr.    Technical,  technically. — tech.,  tecbnol.,  abbr. 

tech'ni-cal,  1  tek'm-kel;  2  tSe'ni-cal,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to 
some  particular  art,  science,  trade,  etc.  2.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  the  mechanical  arts.  3.  Formal  or  literal,  as 
opposed  to  real.  [  <  Gr.  technikos,  <  techne,  art.)  -ly, 
adv.— tech'nic,  n.  I.  Same  as  technique.  2.  pi.  The 
doctrine  of  arts.  3.  pi.  Technical  rules,  methods,  etc. — 
tech"nl-cal'l-ty,  n.  [-ties*,  pi.]  1.  The  state  of  being 
technical.  2.  A  technical  point;  also,  a  petty  distinction; 
quibble,  teeh'nlsmt.— tech-nol'o-gy,  n.  1.  Theoretical 
knowledge  of  industries  and  manufactures.  2.  The  applica- 
tion of  science  to  the  arts.  3.  That  branch  of  ethnology 
which  treats  of  the  development  of  the  arts— tcch"no- 
log'l-cal,  a.     tech"no-log'lcl.     tech-nol'o-glst,  n. 

teeh-nique',  1  tek-nik';  2  tec-nik',  n.  Manner  of  artistic 
performance,  as  in  music:  used  of  the  details  of  any  art, 

tech'y,  1  teeh'i;  2  tech'y,  a.  [tech'i-er;  tech'i-bst.1 
Peevishly  sensitive;  irritable:  regarded  as  a  variant  of 
touchy,  but  etymologically  distinct.  [Var.  of  TACHYf, 
<  tache1,  n.,  stain.]  — tech'I-ly,  adv.  —  tecli'l-ness,  n. 

tec-ton 'ic,  1  tek-ton'ik;  2  tec-ton'ie,  a.  1.  Of  or  pertain- 
ing to  building  or  construction.  2.  Qeol,  Characteristic 
of  or  relating  to  the  structure  of  the  ('iii-iIi'm  crust.    [< 

I,.  tectOniCUS,  <  Or.  tektontkos,  <  teklon,  a  carpenter.)      icc- 

ton'lcs,  n.  sing.  &  pi.   The  science  or  art  of  construction, 
Te-cum'sch,  1  tvktrm'se;  :i  te-eflm'se,  ".    A  Shawnee  chief 

(1768-1813);  British  ally  in  the  War  <.r  1812, 
ted,  1  ted;  2  Wd,  vt.     [ted'di.h;  TBd'dinq.]     To  spread 

loosely  for  drying,  as  newly  mown  grass;  to  dress,  us  flax. 


I  <    Hi  inn 
(in. in  I 

1.     I>.      Mill. 

Ir  di-oiis. 


>       >  l  i  <>(.  fir;  foil,  rflle;  bOt,  l>firn; 

8:*ft.i         .  -  >      i  .iiii      .  .. ...  ,,oi.  «n,  »Aii,     ;<|> 


i.. 


i. .  m. 


II. 


I.  ,1  «l «  r .  «  I,..   ..r 

.   UTium. 

•    liristian 

I 

I    . 

■ 

lirorapl,  quirk, 
-i> .  •neaa,        ii'iii-uin. 

• 

II.         I.  In  certain 
■a.li  the  balls,  < iu«.ii-.  eU 

■and  or 
iced  in  making  tin-  tirsi  play 
irk  ) 

nn  of  a  conventionalised  umbrella, 

Hun  •  -•  ■       umbrella  ] 

I.       l   .  Po  produce  or  bring  forth, 

'  .  ,k.-  or  bring. 

il  :it  tin-  point  "t  producing;  be 

u  I     '.'  .  I ..  bear  fruit  \  - 

.  draw  ]     teemd-,  pp.    - 

'•  •  in  bag,  I.  i-  .■  overflowing,    S.  Pro- 

■•  .it  quantity     Svn  :  aee  iinnu. 

leene*.      t«-«-n  'fill.  f  i-.-n  Tnl-I\ . 

U  '  ii-.  i  be  numbers  whose  namee 

designated. 
I..TJ. 8..d  Piw    Kim]  Tiny. 
■■    Bag.]     Fretful;  peevish, 
of  tin-  Nortb> 

•tli.     [Am.  I 
teeter,  2  tester.   I.  ri.  [Colloq., 

i  iw;    move  backward 

.'.    To  vacillate;  waver. 
II.  -  illating  mot 

u-t-lli.     I        '.-       g    tfith,    ri.      [tkethed; 
:,  teeth. 
ijithr  .     teething.      Dentition. 

U  .1  li.  .  :  u'tli.  n.    Plural  of  i 

lit-lu'lal.    ;      •.--..  ■  i      :.'     t<-to'tal.    il. 

I.  Pi  total  abstinence  fr,,m 

.'. 

lei-[ot.il-.  r. 
t.-.-tu   I :il-l    r    .        lii-tntal-Niii.   u. 

tii-iii  ial-1) .  ad'.     Completely. 

i.  i-tu 'nun.  |  torn;  LM,'-t«','[ura, 

ertain  games,  "•i-i-^-  <*■ •'•  *»p«;  «. <• 

<  i  ii-i..-- T„°IZ 

hunt.  r-r-r^- 

•.-it'iiiiii.  :    ■  .•  ti  -,-nien,  n.    [teg'mi-va.  pi.]    A  cover- 

ts of  a  seed     [I...  <  teg'u-men;. 

Bsalas     1782   1846       A 
Saga. 
teic'ii-mi-nt.  |   ■   j'\  u-ini  nt  or  -ment;  2  teji'yii-rncnt,  n. 
teg^u-men'ta-ry, 

I  -'  '  I  '.'  'f'lii'-riui'.  n.    A  walled  city:  cap- 

iilO. 
re-huan"i.-i>.<  •  Is  tli 'mas,  l  tS-wOn'te-pek';  2  tejwin*te- 

pe*'.  126  m.  wide. 

■ii.  I.  linden.    2.  The  terebinth.    / 

!.   HI  in.  llrn.-ir,.        ti-)lMrn-":. 

i*-lci<l.  l  and    :  tend.*     Scot    Late.    A  tithe  or  tithes.    [< 

[graph. 

'•I  •  i'-l..  it-leg..  aJbbr.     Telegram,  tele- 

tei  asi'te-graptt,  1  a/to-gral         I  writing 

ph  for  reproducing  writing  or  drawings  at 

.l-.M11    .         lll- 

au 'to-gram.  .  made  bj  a  telautograph. 

U  l'.-.  I  ]  ]-     From  the  <  In 

t«-l-.     (far:  i  ombining  forms;  a*  in  telegraph. 
■gram,  ; 

■  off.  4-  gramma,  writing.] 
-  iph,  I'e-graf.    I1.  ,:   .\  I  . 

tel'e-gr.if  .  I  by  telegraph;  communicate  by  t' -I'- 

ll.        1 .  one  of  various  appa- 

nage., or  ■igwulii  to  a 
dista  illy  any  form  of  such  apparatus  having 

electricity  -,f  transmission.    2.  a  telegram 

■'iphb.  write. i    wireless  telegraph, 
see  wireless      te-leg'ra-pher,  n.    One  who  1 
lssk  te-leg'ra-phlstt.    tert-graph'lc, 

a.     tefi-graph 'l-cil:.      lcl"c-graph'l-cal-ly,    adt.—  te- 
l^'ra-ph).  n      The  art  of  conveying  Intelligence  by  tele- 
'  'onstructlng  or  operating  telegraphs. 
te-leg'ra-ptaone,  1  ti-leg,r&-f6n ;  2  te-leg'ra-fon,  n.    An 


instrument   foi   i  d   reproducing  speech  bj 

means  .■!  tin-  mugnetisation  ol  s  mo\  ing  w 

•    1 1  i  i      •  i ;,  .  ■ ..... .  iound  | 

graph  'o-iteope,  irumeni  f,.r  transml 

l-ll  |  I  I    !    , 

lei  •  -i.  ■  'trie,         i  tenotlng  the  Iran  ml  ■  ,  ., 

of  music,  to  a  distance  by  eloctrlclt)      I-    klkctric] 
1,-1.  hi  'a-rhus,  1  li  lom'e  sub;  2  to  lem'a  eOs,  >*    Or,  Myth. 

Penelope;  made  ■  search  f,,r  bis  I 
I.--I.-IH  'i-i.-r.  i  ti  i.-n.'i  i.ir.  2  te-lem'e-ter,  n     i.  tn  appara- 
tus for  determining  distances     -.  \i,  apparatus  foi 
Ing  at  a  distance  the  read tngi  ol  an  Instrument.     [<    tki.k- 
»,  measure.]     te-lem'e-try,  n 
Mv-,h,  Ltd  e-o      Prom  Qreek  (stew,  complete, 

tablnlng  form. 
",-lll'll-U>.   I  I. 

I'h,-  I, nun  h                          i  bat  treats  ol  final  oau  - 
i  in  mi     'I.  Biol  i,  whioh  holds 

that  the  phenomena  of  organic  life  and  development  can 
I,,-  explained  only  by  conscious  or  purpo  ivc  cauai  a  and 
in,t  by  mechanical  causes  (2)  'li,.'  idenoe  "i  organic 
adaptations  8.Thi  doctrii fend  in  morality,  pru- 
dence or  policy,  and  -  lef,  on  I, 
end,  We-o-IogT-eal,  o,  tel"e-o-log1ct. 
t»-l"i>-i»-ii>g'i-c-al-l),  ads.  tel"e-ol'o-glst,  n.  \  student 
of,  believer  In,  or  advocate  ,,r  teleology. 

te-lep'a-thy,  l  ti  lep  i  Qu  or  tel'i-pa£h-i;  2  te-lep'a-thy 
or  t  !l'e-pSth-y,  n  The  supposed  communication  oi  one 
mind  with  another  ,-it  a  distance;  thought^transfcrenoe. 
•  ii  •  -patht.]  tej'e-pathle,  a  t>-l"e-iiatiri- 
eal-lj,  ■•■'  te-lep'a-thlst,  n  One  who  believes  In  telep- 
athy,   tel'e-path:. 

ti'lV-phone.  i  1  t.l'i-fon;    2    teTe-fon.      I.    it.    &    vi. 

tel'e>>ione*«  Il-momo;  -i-iion"im.  ]  To  send  by  tele- 
phone, as  a  meesage;  converse  with  by  telephone;  talk 
through  t h>-  telephone.  II.  n,  An  instrument  for  repro- 
ducing Bound  at  a  distant  point .  by  the  transmission  of 
impulses  over  a  conducting  wire  or  cord,  especially  by 
means  of  electricity.  |<  (!r.  tile,  far  ofT,  -f  phC'.ii, 
sound]  tel"e-plion'lr,  t  tel"e-ph«n'l-cai:.  tcl"e- 
phon'1-eal-ly,  ii--l<-ph'<»-nj,  n.    Tin-  art  <>r  process 

,,f  communicating  bs  telephone. 

tel'e-phote,  1  tel'i-fOt;  2  tel'e-f6t,  n.  An  apparatus  for  repro- 
ducing pictures  at  a  distance,  as  by  causing  ii^ht  to  vary  the 
electric  resistance  .,f  aelenlum.  (<  tki.k-  •  G 
(phoi-),  liulit.]  — tel"«,-plio'to,  a.  Denoting  a  combination 
of  lenses  w  hlch  produces  a  large  Image  of  a  distant  object  In 
mora,  ter'e-pho'to-graph,  n.  A  picture  made  by  a 
telephote,  or  electrically  received  from  a  distance.-  tel"e- 
plio"to-graph'ic,  a.     tel"o-plio-tog'ra-pliy,  //. 

tcl  'i--M-opr,  1  tel 'i-skop;  2  tel'e-sedp.  I.  ft.  tt  ri.  [-bcopi  &  ; 
-s,  i,i-"in(,.]  To  drive  together  or  against  something  else 
so  that  one  slides  into  another  like  the  sections  of  a 
small  telescope.  II.  n.  An  optical  instrument  tor  en- 
larging tin-  image  of  a  distant  object,  as  a  star,  on  the 
retina  of  the  eye,  consisting  of  an  object*glass  for  form- 
ing an  iinau"-  "I  the  object,  and  an  eyepiece  tor  \  i 
this  Image.  I  Gr.  1SU  .  afar.  +  skopeO.  see.)  —  tel"e-scop'l<-, 
'/.    I.  Pertaining  to  the  telescope,     'i.  Visible  only  through  a 

ipe  :!.  Far«8eeuig.  4.  .!/,;<•''.  Having  sections  that 
■.  nh.ii  or  over  one  another  tel*e-scop'l-ealt.  tel"- 
e-scopl-cal-ly,  ads.  te-les'eo-plst,  n.  <  »ne  who  is  .skilled 
In  using  s  telescope,     te-les'co-py,  n. 

tel'fer-age,  etc.    same  as  telpherage,  etc. 

tel  'le,  1  te'ik:  2  tel'i, .  a.  <  Connected  With  or  denotlnK  a  pur- 
pose.    [<  fir.  teltko  .       tela  .  end.) 

tell,  \  1  tel;  2  tel,  r.    [told;  tell'ino.]    1. 1 .    1.  To  relate 

tel1", )  in  detail,  as  a  narrative,  'i.  To  communicate 
knowledge  of,  especially  in  speech  .1.  To  inform.  4. 
command  to;  1  >i«  1  5.  To  utter;  express  in 
won]-  G.  To  discern  with  certainty;  decide;  ascertain. 
7.  To  count;  enumerate.  II.  i.  1.  To  give  an  account  or 
description.  'J.  [Colloq.]  To  act  as  informer;  tattle: 
usually  with  on.  'i.  To  produce  a  marked  effect.  [< 
UB   tettan,       talu,  number.)    Svn.:  see  mhum ;  assebt;  in- 

iokm;   PUBLISH;   RELATE;  si-k\k       teO'er,   n.      1.  One  who 

relates.  'I.  A  person  who  receives  or  pays  out  money,  as  In  a 
bank,  or  who  eolleets  and  founts  ballots. — tell'lng,  pa. 
Producing    a    i;r,-a1    etfer-t:    Impressive;    effective;    striking. 

8yn_- see  vrvu)  tell  'Ing-ly,  adv.-  tell 'tale".  I.  a.  Tat- 
tllng;  betraying.  H.  n.  I.  A  tattler;  talebearer.  2.  A 
sign.  :t.  An  Indicator,  usually  automatic,  forgiving 
Informal  Ion.   as   in  a  watchman's  clock,  etc. 

Tell,  l  tel;  2  tfil,  William,  a  legendary  Swiss  peasant  and 
liberator,  who  Is  said  to  have  accomplished  the  feat  of  shoot- 
ing an  apple  off  his  son's  head  when  ordered  to  do  so  by  the 
trlan  governor,  Gessler. 

tel-lu'rlc,  1  t'-lifi'nk;  2  tS-Wrie,  o.  1.  Of  or  pertaining 
to  the  earth;  terrestrial;  earthly.  1.  Derived  from  or 
containing  tellurium.  [<  L.  tellus.  earth.]  —  tel-lu'rl-um, 
n.     A  rare  nun-metallic  element.    See  element. 


l:a  =  final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au-out;    ell;    IO  =  feud;    dhin;    go;    n  =  sm<7;    thin,    this.     Te  Deum 
793     2:wQlf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.  tenant 


TcI'lus,  1  tel'us;  2  tel'us,  n.  Horn.  Myth.  The  earth-goddess 
who  personified  the  terrestrial  globe.    [L.]    Tellus  M aterf. 

tel 'pher-age,  1  tel'far-ij;  2  tei'fer-ag,  n.  Automatie 
aerial  transportation  by  electricity,  as  along  a  conduct- 
ing cable.  [<  Gr.  tele,  far  off,  +  phero,  bear.]  tel'- 
fer-aget. — tel'pher,  a.  &  n.    tel'fert. 

Tel'u-gu,  1  tel'u-gu;  2  tel'u-gu.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
the  Telugus  or  Telugu.  II.  n.  1.  The  largest  division  of 
the  Dravidian  dialects.    2.  Any  Dravidian  of  Telugu  speech. 

te-mer'i-ty,  1  ti-mer'i-ti ;  2  te-mer'i-ty,  n.  Venturesome 
boldness;  rashness.  [<  L.  temeritas,  <  temere,  rashly.] 
Syn.:  audacity,  foolhardiness,  hardihood,  hastiness,  heed- 
lessness, precipitancy,  precipitation,  presumption,  rashness, 
recklessness,  venturesomeness.  Rashness  applies  to  the 
actual  rushing  into  danger  without  counting  the  cost;  temer- 
ity denotes  the  needless  exposure  of  oneself  to  peril  which  is 
or  might  be  clearly  seen  to  be  such.  Rashness  is  used 
chiefly  of  bodily  acts,  temerity  often  of  mental  or  social  mat- 
ters; there  may  be  a  noble  rashness,  but  temerity  is  always 
used  In  a  bad  sense.  We  say  it  is  amazing  that  one  should 
have  had  the  temerity  to  make  a  statement  which  could  be 
readily  proved  a  falsehood,  or  to  make  an  unworthy  pro- 
posal to  one  sure  to  resent  it;  in  such  use  temerity  is  often 
closely  allied  to  hardihood,  'audacity,  or  presumption.  Ven- 
turesomeness dallies  on  the  edge  of  danger  and  experiments 
with  it;  foolhardiness  rushes  in  for  want  of  sense,  heedlessness 
for  want  of  attention,  rashness  for  want  of  reflection,  reckless- 
ness from  disregard  of  consequences. — Ant.:  care,  caution, 
circumspection,  cowardice,  hesitation,  timidity,  wariness. 

temp.,  abbr.    Temporal,  temporary. 

Tem'pe,  1  tem'pi;  2  tem'pe,  n.  A  valley  between  Mounts 
Olympus  and  Ossa  in  Thessaly,  famous  for  its  beauty. 

tem'per,  1  tem'par;  2  tfim'per,  ».  I.  t.  1.  To  reduce  in 
violence  or  intensity,  as  by  intermixture;  moderate; 
mitigate;  calm.  2.  To  fix  in  the  proper  proportions;  ad- 
just. 3.  To  harden  (a  metal)  by  heating  and  suddenly 
cooling.  4.  To  bring  to  a  proper  consistency,  as  clay.  5. 
To  anneal.  6.  Mus.  To  adjust  the  tones  of  (an  instru- 
ment) by  temperament.  7f.  To  restrain;  dispose.  II||.i. 
1.  To  become  of  a  desired  condition.  2f«  To  agree. 
[  <  L.F  tempero;  see  temperate,  a.\ 

Syn.;  accommodate,  adapt,  adjust,  appease,  assuage,  at- 
temper,  calm,  fit,  moderate,  modify,  mollify,  pacify,  qualify, 
restrain,  soften,  soothe.  —  tem'per-a-bl(ep,G. — tem"per-a- 
bil'i-ty,  n. — tem'pered,  a.  Having  temper  or  a  temper,  in 
any  sense:  mostly  in  compounds,  as  qu\cV.'lempered,  \WHem- 
pered. — tem'per-er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  tempers. 

tem'per,  n.  1.  Heat  of  mind  or  passion;  disposition  to 
become  angry;  passion;  irritation.  2.  Quality  of  mind 
with  reference  to  the  passions,  emotions,  or  affections; 
disposition.  3.  Composure  of  mind;  equanimity;  self* 
command;  calmness;  moderation.  4.  The  condition 
of  a  metal  as  regards  hardness  and  brittlcness,  especially 
when  due  to  heating  and  sudden  cooling.  5.  Consis- 
tency due  to  mixture,  as  of  moitar,  etc.  6.  Lime  or  an 
equivalent  used  in  clarifying  sugar.  7.  An  alloy,  as  that 
added  to  tin  to  make  pewter.  8||.  Constitutional  condi- 
tion, resulting,  according  to  the  ancients,  from  mixture 
of  the  four  humors  (blood,  phlegm,  yellow  bile,  and 
black  bile):  the  origin  of  senses  1,  2,  and  3.  9||.  A  mean; 
medium,  lot.  Form.  Syn.:  constitution,  disposition,  frame, 
grain,  humor,  mood,  nature,  organization,  temperament. 
See  anger;  character. 

tem'per-a-ment,  1  tem'par-a-ment  or  -mant;  2  t8m'- 
per-a-ment,  n.  1.  Individual  peculiarity  of  physical 
and  mental  constitution.  2.  Mus.  The  tuning  of  a  musi- 
cal instrument  so  that  the  intervals  of  the  scale  shall 
follow  a  suitable  law  of  succession.  3.  Constitution; 
make»up.  4||.  Adjustment  or  compromise.  Syn.:  see 
character;  temper.  —  tcm"per-a-men'tal,  a.    -ly,  adv. 

tem'per-ance,  1  tem'par-ans;  2  tem'per-anc,  n.  1.  The 
state  or  quality  of  being  temperate;  habitual  modera- 
tion, especially  in  the  indulgence  of  any  appetite.  2. 
Specifically,  the  principle  and  practise  of  total  ab- 
stinence from  intoxicants.  3f«  (1)  Temperature.  (2) 
Temperament  or  temper.     Syn.:  see  abstinence. 

tt'lll'piT-ate,  1  tem'par-it;  2  tfm'per-at,  a.  1.  Observing 
moderation  or  self=control;  specifically,  not  indulging 
in  intoxicating  liquors.  2.  Moderate  as  regards  temper- 
ature; free  from  extremes  of  heat  or  cold;  mild  :(. 
Characterized  by  moderation  or  the  absence  of  extremes; 
not  excessive.  [<  L.  tempero  (pp.  temperatus) ,  propor- 
tion, <  tempus.  time.)    Syn.:  see  soiier.    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

tem'per-a-ture,  1  tem'per-e-criur  or  -tiur;  2  tem'per-a- 
ehur  or  -tur,  n.  1.  Degree  of  sensible  heal  or  cold;  con- 
dition as  regards  heat  or  cold.  2f.  Constitution;  tem- 
perament;  mixture;    tempera) encHs;    temperance. 

tem'pest,  1  tem'pest;  2  tem'pest,  »     I.  An  extensive  and 

violent  wind,  usually  attended  with  rain,  snow,  or  hail. 
't.  A  violent  commotion  or  agitation;  a  fierce  tumult. 
V. 


[<  L.°f  tempestas,  <  tempus,  time.]  Syn.:  see  storm. — 
tem-pes'tu-ous,  a.  Stormy;  turbulent,  -ly, adv.   -ness,n. 

Tem'plar,  1  tem'plar;  2  tem'plar,  n.  1.  A  member  of  a  mili- 
tary order  founded  in  the  12th  century  for  the  protection  of 
pilgrims  and  the  defense  of  the  kingdom  of  Jerusalem,  and 
known  as  Knights  of  the  Temple  or  Knights  Templars. 
The  order  was  suppressed  in  the  year  13f2.  2.  [Eng.l  A 
law  student,  or  a  lawyer,  who  has  apartments  in  the  Temple, 
London. 

tem  'pie1, )  1  tem'pi ;  2  tem'pi,  n.  1.  A  stately  edifice  con- 
tent'plp,  )  secrated  to  one  or  more  deities  and  forming  a 
seat  of  their  worship.  2.  With  the  definite  article,  the 
seat  of  the  worship  of  Jehovah  at  Jerusalem.  3.  An 
edifice  dedicated  to  Christian  public  worship.  4.  [T-] 
Either  of  two  medieval  establishments  in  London  and 
Paris,  once  occupied  by  the  Knights  Templars.  5.  In 
France,  a  Protestant  church.    [  <  L.A8  templum,  temple] 

tem  'pie2,  n.  The  region  on  each  side  of  the  head  above  the 
cheek-bone.    [OF.,  <  L.  tempora,  pi.  of  tempus,  temple.] 

tem 'pie3,  n.  An  attachment  to  a  loom  that  serves  to  keep 
the  last  woven  part  of  the  fabric  stretched  and  to  prevent 
chafing  of  the  warp.    [F.,  <  L.  templum,  a  small  timber.] 

Torn 'pie  Bar.  A  historic  site  in  London  at  the  western  boun- 
dary of  the  city  proper,  once  marked  by  a  stone  gateway. 

tem  'plet,  1  tem'plet ;  2  tSm'pie  t,  n .  1.  A  pattern  or  guide, 
as  of  wood  or  metal,  adapted  to  the  purpose  of  shaping 
something.  2.  In  building,  a  stout  stone  or  timber  for 
distributing  weight  or  thrust.  [  <  F.  templet,  stretcher, 
<  L.  templum,  small  timber.]    (cm 'plate:. 

tem'po,  1  tem'po;  2  tem'po,  n.  Mus.  Relative  speed  or  rate 
of  movement;  time;  also,  characteristic  manner  or  style.  [It.] 

tem'po-ral1,  1  tem'po-ral;  2  tgm'po-ral,  a.  1.  Pertaining 
to  affairs  of  the  present  life;  secular;  civil:  as  opposed  to 
ecclesiastical  or  spiritual.  2.  Pertaining  to  time,  as  op- 
posed to  eternity;  earthly;  transient.  3.  Gram.  Per- 
taining to  or  denoting  time;  as,  temporal  conjunctions. 
[OF.,  <  L.  temporalis,  <  tempus  (lempor-),  time.)  Syn.:  see 
profane.— tem 'po-ral-Iy,  adv.— tem'po-ral-ness,  n. — 
tem"po-ral'i-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi.}  1.  A  temporal  or  material 
matter,  interest,  revenue,  etc.:  usually  plural.  2.  Eng.  Law. 
The  state  of  being  temporal  or  temporary.    3t.  The  laity. 

tem'po-ral2,  a.    Pertaining  to  or  situated  at  the  temples. 

teni  'po-ra-ry,  1  tem'po-re-n;  2  tem'po-ra-ry,  o.  1.  Last- 
ing or  intended  to  be  used  for  a  short  time  only.  2t» 
Contemporary.  [  <  L.  temporarius,  <  tempus,  time.] 
Syn.:  see  transient.  —  tem'po-ra-ri-ly,  adv.  —  tem'po- 
ra-rl-ness,  n. 

tem'po-rize,  1  tem'po-raiz;  2  tSm'po-riz,  vi.  [-rized; 
-riz"ing.]  1.  To  pursue  a  policy  of  delay  or  time=serv- 
ing;  trim.  2.  To  make  a  temporary  compliance  with  the 
requirements  of  the  time  or  occasion.  3||.  To  delay. 
4f.  To  parley.  [  <  F.  temporiser,  <  L.  tempus,  time.] 
tem'po-risej.— tem"po-rl-za'[or-sa']tlon,  «.  — tem'po- 
riz"[or  -ris"]er,  n.— tem 'po-riz"[or  -rls")ing-ly,  adv. 

temptd,  1  tempt;  2  tempt,  vt.  1.  To  offer  or  be  an  induce- 
ment to  (somebody),  especially  for  wrong=doing;  en- 
tice; solicit;  allure:  used  of  persons  and  things.  2.  To 
try  the  forbearance  of;  provoke;  defy.  .'!  .  To  try; 
prove;  test.  4f.  To  attempt;  venture  on.  [  <  L.F  tento, 
lempto,  touch,  try.]  Syn.:  see  allure. — tempt'a-bKe1',  a. 
— temp-ta'tlon,  n.  1.  That  which  tempts,  especially  to 
evil.  2.  The  state  of  being  tempted,  or  the  act  of  tempting. 
— tempt'er,  n.  One  who  tempts:  an  allurer;  specif.  |T-]. 
with  the  definite  article,  Satan.  — tempt 'lug,  a.  Alluring. 
-ly,  adv.    -ness,  n.  —  tempt 'ress,  n.  A  woman  who  tempts. 

ten,  1  ten;  2  ten.  I.  a.  Consisting  of  one  more  than  nine. 
II.  ».  The  sum  of  nine  and  one ;  t  lie  symbols  designating 
it,  10  or  X.  [<  AS.  tin,  ten.]  —  the  ten  command- 
ments, the  ten  precepts  given  by  Cod  to  Moses  on  Sinai; 
thedecalog.— the  upper  ten,orthe  upper  ten  thousand, 
the  fashionable  or  aristocratic  classes  of  society. 

ten.,  abbr.    Tenor. 

ten'a-bl(ep,  1  tcn'o-bl;  2  ten'a-bl,  a.  1.  ( lapableof  being 
held,  maintained,  or  defended.  2f.  Firmly  held,  or 
concealed.  [F.,  <  tenir,  hold.]— ten"a-l>il'i-ty,  n. 
ten 'a-bl  (e-nessB t •  —  ten 'a-bly ,  adv. 

te-na 'clous,  1  ti-nS' alius;  2  te-nft'shus,  o.  1.  Having 
great  coliesi veuess  of  parts;  tough.    2.  Adhesive;  b1  Lcky  . 

unyielding.  3.  Holding  or  tending  to  hold  Strongly,  as 
opinions,  rights,  etc.:  followed  by  of;  hence,  stubborn; 

obstinate.    4.  Strongly  retentive,  as  mory.    I<  L. 

lenax,  <  tenco,  hold.]    Syn.:  see  strong. —  tc-iia'tious-ly. 
adv.  —  te-na'cloiis-ness,  n.    te-nae'l-tyf. 
ten'aut,  1  ten'ent;  2  ten'ant.    Id.  vt.  A:  vi.    I.  To  hold  as 

tenant;  occupy;     'if.  To  let  to  tenants.     31.  To  be  a 

tenant.  II.  n.  l.  One  who  holds  lands,  etc.,  under  an- 
other; a  lessee.  3.  A  defendant  in  an  act  ion  concerning 
real  property.      4.   A  dweller  in  any  place,      |1'\,  ppr.  of 

tenir, <  L.  term, hold:]— ten'an-cy, n.  [-cusa'.pl.]  I.  The 
state  of  being  a  tenant;  occupancy.    21.  A  dwelling  held  of 


!    a  I  a        i  i  I  in  .".;   not.  or;   full,  rftle:   hut,  bflrn; 

.      '      list,  what,  nil;  i  ..  ..     fern;  till, loe;  i     6;  I     B;  gA.  nAt,  Or,  won, 


trrr.i|iln 

I.  ii   ant-leSS, 

I.  n    Jill  -r  >  I  •         I  . nanci 

I.  Ill  tl.  ' 

It'll. I  I 

i.  aptitude,  or  tendency  . 

direction      ,       I    ' 

li   II    .1.11-1   >  .  I 

mill      '•!. 
;■•  -rllliil   effect        S3  D 

i,  n.i  I  I  ich  over;  attend  to 

t   .  heed  to 

ll.l.  »  th  en  nr  up  ■•      '■!.  To  be 

.  i      I  \hhr    .•!    v  n  >  mi  ]     ten  '- 

iiim  i.i  I  (ending:  ntu 

I  i    N  'dencet. 

it  n  id  r  .  I.        I .  I ..  present  for 

I  o  proffer  unconditionally 
;  .  li.  Jra  a  tender 

li  n  ilir-i  r. 

irii  id  r  .         1.   i  lender:  soften.    2  .  To  cherish. 

ten  ilir.         i.  rushed,  braised,  nr  injured;  deli- 

.'.  Succumbing  easily 
■  hildren.  .1.  Sensitive  to  impressions; 
ful  to  the  touch,  as  a  bruise     4. 

ble     5.  ( If  delicate  nunl- 

-i  cr  I ii^ti t     6.  backing  strength;  youthful; 

7.  Requiring  to  l>e  delicately  treated.     8. 

I i:>\  ui>;  solicitude  for  others;  considerate:  commonly 

wut  '••  .  Slightly  made.     lot.   Precious; 

thin      [<  1  bland; 

CLE;    rVEHDLY:  hmum:;   HKBCOTUI        ten 'tier-loot", 

•  ... it^-  or    :•  'ii'.  pi.]    [Slang,  Western 
i                          el  hardened  to  the  1 1 r«-  of  the  plains,  the 

:i  greenhorn,    ten'der>heart"ed, 
Hat  love,   pity,   etc.;   compas- 

tiu  iiir-i> ,  tin 'der>ness, 

ten  'den  .         i       id  of  tendering;  an  offer,  or  thai  which 

red;  specif.,  in  law.  a  formal  offer  of  satisfaction 
tend  'er:.  1  tend'ar;2  tenorer,  n     1.  A  vessel  attending  a 
targ)  -  '.'.  A  vehicle  for  carrying  fuel  ami  water 

:t.  One  who  tends.    I  <  ti:.\u!,  r.] 
ii  nilrr-loln",  1  ten'dsr-lein";  2  ten'der-l&in',  n.    The 
■  of  the  loin,  the  tenderloin 

iii-irii  i   .  a  district  ol  New  York  city,  the  center 

of  tin- town     the  tenderloin:. 
tea  'ilon.  e  i  if  the  bands 

..itiation.i  of  the  fleshy  portion  of  a 
muscle.     |<   I..LL  tendo.  stretch.]  —  Achilles   tendon,  the 
large  tendon  for  tin-  superficial  muscles  of  the  calf,  situated 
med  from  Achilles 'a  only  \  ulnerable  point. 
tendo  ichilll- :.     ten'df-nons,  a.    ten'do-nous:. 
I<m  ilril,  1  ten'dril;2  ten'dril,  n.    A  slender  leafless  organ 
[to  another  body,  support - 
in  climbing.    [<  F.  tendrilie,  <  tendre, 
ten  ilrun+. 
ten'e-brous,  1  ten'i-brus:  2  tfn'e-lirus,  a.    [Poet]    Gloomy. 

[<  L.  tenebrosus,  <  tentbrs.  darkness.  1    -ness,  n. 
Ten'e-doo,  1  nii'i-dos:  2  t*n'e-d68.  n.    An  Island  In  tin    I 

seaoflthc  '•'■  .1  Minor;  16 sq   m  ,  pop  -4.000. 

ten 'omen  ti  1  ten'i-ment  or -ment;  2  ten'e-ment,  n.    1. 
A  n  ipancy  of  a  family:  usually 

applied  to  apartments  of  interior  grade,    2.  Lair.  Any- 
thii..-  ■  thai  may  In-  held  a-  property,  whether 

substantial  fir  unsubstantial,  BS  land,  rents,  franchises, 
3.  A  dwelling»houa<       [OF.,        II 

ten'e-ment  •house"',  «.    a  budding, 
usually  of  an  inferior  class,  comprising  numerous  ten 
-ineii 'ta-r>,  l   ten't-men'ts-n:  2  ten'e-men'ta 
Low.  Capable  of  being  held  In  tenancy.    ten"e»men'talt. 
I  •  ii '.r-ifTe',  l  teCer-u";  2  ten*er-lf',  n.    An  island  of  the 

f'ana'  i.  m.:  pop.  138.000. 

ten'et..  An  opinion,  principle,  dogma, 

i  person  or  body  believes  or  maintains 
true    (I.,  lit  'beholds.']    Syn.:  see  doctrine. 
ten 'fold,  1  ten'foM:  2  ten'fdld.    I.  a.     Made  up 

-d.      II.  aih.    In  a  tenfold  manner 
Ten'hr  2  ten'yenj.  n.     Either  of  two  i 

painter-:     1     Da»ld  (1682   1649),  "the  Elder."     (2)  llatlcl 

•  -1690  .  "the  younger." 
Tenn.,  <i'A     Tennessee  (official). 
Ten"nev-,ee',   ]    ten"e-tf    2  ten'e^eP.  n.     1. 

12.022  capital, 

Nashville      2.  A  river  In  central  United  .-States:  63'J  in.  10 
the  Ohio  river. 
ten'ni*.  .  t£n'is,  n.    A  game  played  by  striking 

a  ball  to  arid  fro  with  rackets  stretched  per- 

pendicularly acros."  .-.  sp-cc  caUcd  i  .ourt.    It  has  two 


m 


forms,    court   (cniiK.    played     tl(  llall)     I'f 

i.,.,.i  hulldiiu    itifl  lawn  tennis,  played  oiii  - 


grn 


■ 

b 

* 

n 

■1 

h 

ni 

1 

m 

u 

a 

€ 

l.iu  ii-lennls  (   oiirl. 

b  Uh  o,.u  „r  ih. 


I  i  ii   in 1      i 

Ml... I         1809 
I  or.l     I  ciui 
poci    laureate.;     /■. 

I  ni  "iii-Mi'nl- 
.iii. 

ten  'on,  i   ■ 

i  I.  To  form  a  tenon 

'.'.  I'n  join  bj  a  mor- 
tise and  tenon  II.  a.  1. 
\  projection  on  the  end  "i 
a  limber  for  inserting  in 

socket  to  form  a  joint       '.'.  /.  .r..... 

\  piece  left  undetaohed  on  '■■' 

hold.  

fen  'or,  i  ton'sr;  2  ten'or  La  1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a 
tenor  2.  Having  a  relation  to  other  instruments  that 
the   '  to  oth.-r   musical    p  ad  nor 

violin     II.  n.    |.  A  settled  course  oi  manner  of  pn 
8.1  if  thought;  general  purport.    3.  Lav    (l)The 

purport  or  substance  and  effect  ol  an  instrumenl      (2) 

\n  exad  transcript,  BS  ol  B  record.  1.  General  char- 
acter and  tendency.     5.    \l  us    I  1  I  The  highest  adult  male 

\  ..ice;  also,  a  singer  having  such  a  voice,  or  a  part  to  be 
sung  by  it.  (2)  An  instrument  playing  the  part  inter- 
mediate between  the  bass  and  the  alto;  especially,  tin- 
viola.     |  <  I.  '  I,  nor,  <  Ii  n<  ...  hold  |  [pence. 

ten'pen'n)  %  l   ten'pen'i;  2  tfin'pen'y,  a.     Valued  at  ten- 
ten  'pen"nj  -,  a     <  U  a  certain  Blze  of  nails    Bee  pi  s  n  i 
ten 'pins",  l  ten'pinz";  2  t.'n'pins",  n.    [TJ.  8.]    A  game, 
played  in  a  bowling-alley,  in  which  the  players  atl  impl 
to  bowl  down  ten  pins  set  up  at  the  far  end  of  the  alley. 

(Cll.se,  1  tens;  2  tens,  n.    [TENS']  Ft;  i  i  NS'BBT  ]    I .  St  ret  died 

tight;  taut.  2.  I  nder  mental  or  nervous  strain;  strained. 
[<  L.  (ensue;  see  tension.]  -ly,  adv.  -neRS,n      ten'sl- 

t>,  n.     The  stale  or  .|tialit\   of  being  tense;  tenseness 

tense,  n  1.  A  form  taken  by  a  verb  to  indicate  the  time 
of  an  action,  state,  etc     2f.  Time.    [<  F.  temps,  -j-  L. 

ti  in/in*,  time  |     teneet. 

ten'sl-bl(ep,  1  ten'm-bl;  2  ten'si-bl,  a.    Extensible. 

(en 'silc,  1  1  ten's!  1  or  -sail;  2  ten'sil  or  -sll,  a.    1.  Pertsin- 

ten'sll",  J  ing  to  tension.    "'.  Capable  oi  extension.    S. 
Producing  tones  from  stretched  strings:  said  of  instru- 
I  •    l..  terms;  sec  tension.]— ten-sll'l-ty,  n. 

tl'll'sion,  1  ten'sh,.n;2  ten'shon,  n.  1.  The  act  ol  >t  retch- 
ing; the  condition  of  being  stretched  tight.  2.  Mental 
strain.  3.  Any  strained  relation,  as  between  govern- 
ments. 4.  Mech.  (1)  Stress  caused  by  pulling:  opposed 
to  compression,  and  distinguished  from  torsion.  (2)  The 
condition  of  a  body  when  acted  on  by  such  stn- 
The  expansive  force  of  a  gas,  (4)  A  regulating  de\  ice, 
as  that  on  a  sewing*macHne  to  regulate  t  he  tightness  of 
the  thread.  [  <  L.  d  rwtol  «-i,  a  si  retching,  <  tensus,  pp. 
of  ti  ndo,  stret.h  ] 

ten  'sor.  1  ten'SSr;  2  ten'BOr,  n.    A  muscle  that  stretches  a  part. 

tent1,  1   teat;  2  t.'ni       I1.   ,1    &   ,         To  .-o\er  with  or  as 

with  a  tent;  pitch  a  tent;  (.imp  out.      II.  n.      A  shelter 

of  canvas  or  the  like,  BUppotted  by  poles,  and  fastened 

by  cord-  to  pegs  driven  into  the  ground.     [  <    L.LL+* 

i > i >  of  tendo,  stretch.]     tent 'ed,  pa.    overspread  or 

i  u  ith  or  sheltered  by  tents;  as.  tic.  tented  Held. 

tent?.  Surg.  I.  it.    1.  To  keep  open  with  a  tent;  also,  to 

probe.     21 .  To  tempt  ;  t  ry;  test .     D.  71.    1.  A  .small  roll, 

as  oi  lint,  placed  in  a  wound  to  prevent  its  closing  2  i . 
\  probe     [<  I..'1-''  tento,  touch,  try.] 

tent  ,  //  [Scot  |  attention;  note;  heed.  [Abbr.  of  atten- 
tion.]    to  take  tent,  to  take  care. 

tcn'la-elie1',  1  ten'ts-kl:  2  ten'ta-el,  n.  1.  Zool.  A  pro- 
truding fl.-xible  appendage  (usually  Of  the  head)  of  cer- 
tain  invertebrate  animals,   functioning  as  an   organ  of 

touch,  pr.hen-ion,  or  motion;  a  feeler.    2.  Hot.  A  sen- 
sitive glandular  hair.     [<   L.  tento,  touch,  try.]     ten- 
tae'u-lumt.  -  ten-lac'ii-lar. 
ten'1a-(i\e,  |  1   ten'ts-tiv;  2  tr-n'ta-tiv.     I.  a.     Used  in 
ten'tS-tlV*,  I  making  a  trial;  provisional  or  conjectural. 

II.  '/  An  experiment :  conject ure.  [  <  L.*  tentativus,  < 
tentatus,  ppr.  of  tento,  try]  —  ten'ta-tlv(c-ly8,  adv. 

ten'ter,  1  ten'tar;  2  tfin'tSr.    I.  vt.  &vi.    To  stretch  or  be 

stretched,  a  books,    II.  n.    1.  A  machine  for 

;   i.i.'iL'  e|oth.    2.  A  tenter*hook.    3.  A  tentacle.    [< 

tretch.]     ten'terdiook",  n.     1.  A  hook  for 

holding  cloth  while  being  stretched,  'i.  Anything  that  causes 

anxiety— to  b  •  on  tenter'books,  to  be  li  an  anxious  state. 

tenth,  1  tenfb;2  tenth.  I.  a.  1.  Next  in  order  after  the 
ninth.    '£.  Being  one  of  ten  equal  parts.    II.  n.    1.  One 


1: a  =  final;    I  =  hablt2    alale;    em  =  out;    oil;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sing;    Chin,   this.  tench 

795      2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,    this.       terrapin 


of  ten  equal  parts.  2.  Mus.  An  interval  of  an  octave 
and  a  third.  3.  pi.  Eng.  Hist.  A  tax  of  one=tenth. — 
tenth 'ly,  adv.  [ten'tyj. 

ten'tle,   1    ten'ti;   2   ten'ti.    a.  [Scot.)  Attentive;    cautious. 

ten'u-OUS,  1  ten'yu-us;  2  t6n'yu.-us,  a.  Of  slight  thick- 
ness or  density;  thin;  delicate;  rare;  subtile.  [<  L. 
tenuis,  thin.]    Syn.:  see  fine.— te-nu'1-ty,  re. 

ten'ure,  1  ten'yur;  2  tgn'yur,  n.  1.  A  holding,  as  of  land. 
2.  The  act  of  holding  in  general,  or  the  state  of  being 
held;  also,  the  term  during  which  a  thing  is  held.  [F., 
<  tenir,  hold.]    Syn.:  see  occupation. 

te"o-cal'II,  1  tl'o-kal'i  or  te"o-kuTyi:  2  te"o-cal'i  or  te"o-cal'- 
yi,  n.  Archeol.  A  pyramidal  structure  erected  for  public  ser- 
vices, peculiar  to  the  ancient  Mexicans.  ( entraUAmericans, 
etc.    [Mex.,  <  tcotl,  a  god,  +  colli,  house]    te'o-panj. 

te'pee,  1  ti'pi  or  tep'I;  2  te'pe  or  tep'e,  re.    Same  as  teepee. 

tep'e-fy,  1  tep'i-fai;2  tep'e-fy,  vt.  &  vi.  [-fied;  -fy"ing.]  To 
make  or  become  tepid.  [<  L.  tepc/acio,  <  tepeo,  be  warm; 
and  see  -fy.]  —  tep"e-fac'tion,  re. 

tep'id,  1  tep'id;  2  tSp'id,  a.  Moderately  warm;  luke- 
warm, as  a  liquid.  [  <  L.  tepidus,  <  tepeo,  be  warm.] — 
tep'ld-ness,  re.    te-pld'1-tyi.  [tology. 

ter.,  abbr.    Terrace,  territory.  —  terat.,  teratol.,  abbr.    Tera- 

ter'aph,  1  ter'af;  2  ter'af,  re.  [ter'a-phim,  1  ter'a-fim;  2  ter'a- 
fim,  pi.]    A  small  image  consulted  as  an  oracle.    [Heb.] 

ter"a-tol'o-gy,  1  ter"a-tel'o-ji;  2  ter"a-t61'o-gy,  re.  The 
branch  of  biology  treating  of  abnormal  growths  or  monstros- 
ities. [<  Gr.  teratologic!,  <  teras  (terat-),  wonder;  and  see 
-ology.]— ter"a-to-log'lc,    -I-cal,a.— ter"a-tol'o-glst,re. 

ter'bl-um,  1  tur'bi-um;  2  ter'bi-um,  re.  Chem.  A  rare  ele- 
ment.   See  element.     [Cor.  <   Ylterby,  in  Sweden.] 

ter 'eel,  1  tur'sel;  2  ter' eel,  n.  A  male  falcon,  especially  the 
peregrine  falcon.  [OF.]  tar'celt;  tar'selt;  tas'selt;  tler'- 
eelt.  —  tercel  gent  or  gentle,  the  male  goshawk. 

ter-cen'te-na-ry,  1  tur-sen'ti-ne-n ;  2  ter-cSn'te-na-ry. 

1.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  period  of  300  years  or  to  a 
300th  anniversary.  II.  re.  [-riesz,  pi.]  The  300th 
anniversary.  [<  L.  ter,  thrice,  +  centenary.]  ter"- 
cen-ten'nl-alj. 

ter'e-blnth,  1  ter'i-binfh;  2  ter'e-binth,  re.  A  small  tree 
with  winged  pinnate  leaves  resem- 
bling those  of  the  common  ash 
but  smaller:  the  original  source 
of  turpentine.  [<  L.  terebinthus 
(<  Gr.  terebinthos) .  terebinth.]  — 
ter"e-bln'thin(e9,  a.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  the  terebinth  or  turpen- 
tine.   ter"e-bin'thiet. 

te-re'do,  1  ti-ri'do;  2  te-re'do,  re. 
See  ship=  worm. 

Ter'ence,  1  ter'ens;  2  ter'fenc,  re. 
(195-159  B.  C).  A  Roman  comic 
poet.  Pub'li-us  Te-ren'tl-us 
A'ferJ. 

te-rete',  1  ti-rlt'  or  ter'It;   2  te-ret' 

or  ter'et.a.  Cylindrical  or  slightly  Leaves  and  a  Panicle  of 
tapering;  circular  in  cross-section,  sterile  Flowers  of  the 
[<  L.  teres  (teret-).  <  tero,  rub.]  Terebinth 

tcr'gal,ltur'gal;2ter'gul,«.    Of  or         ,  Bterile  flo"        h  ,  fertile 
pertaining  to  the  tergum;  dorsal.  n,„„;  (.,  a  fruit. 
[<  L.  tergum,  back.] 

tcr"gi-ver-sa'tlon,  1  t0r"ji-var-se'shan;  2  ter"gi-ver-sa'shon, 
re.    1.  Evasion  of  a  point,  as  by  prevarication  or  subterfuge. 

2.  Fickleness  or  instability  of  conduct.  [<  L.  tergum,  back, 
+  verso,  freq.  of  verto.  turn.] — tcr'g!-ver-satc,  v. 

ter'gum,  1  tOr'gum;  2  ter'gum,  re.  Zool.  The  back.  [L.] 
term,  1  tfjrm;  2  term.  I.  vt.  To  designate  by  means  of 
a  term;  name.  II.  n.  1.  A  word  or  expression  used  to 
express  or  designate  some  fixed  or  definite  thing;  espe- 
cially, a  technical  word,  as  in  the  sciences,  trades,  etc. 
2.  pi.  Significant  or  descriptive  words;  set  speech.  3. 
Logic.  (1)  A  word,  or  a  combination  of  words,  such  as 
may  be  the  subject  or  the  predicate  of  a  proposition. 
(2)  One  of  the  three  component  elements  of  the  syllo- 
gism, each  of  which  is  used  twice.  4.  A  fixed  period  or 
definite  limit  of  time;  prescribed  or  ad  ual  duration.    5. 

pi.  Conditions  offered,  or  offered  and  accepted.  6.  pi. 
Hence,  mutual  footing;  basis  of  agreement:  often  with 
on  or  upon;  as,  to  be  on  good  terms.  7.  A  boundary  »line; 
a  dividing=mark;  the  utmost  limit;  termination.  H.  A 
Specified  date.      !>.    Math.    (1)  That  which  limits  a  line, 

surface,  or  volume.  (2)  ( )ne  of  the  parts  of  an  algebraic 
expression  that  are  connected  by  the  plus  and  minus 
signs.    [  <  L.F  terminus,  boundary.] 

Syn.:  article,  condition,  expression,  member,  name, 
phrase,  word.  Term  in  its  figurative  uses  always  retains 
something  of  lis  literal  sense  of  a  boundary  or  limit.  The 
articles  of  a  contract  or  other  Instrument  areslmpbj  the  por 
tlons  Into  which  it  Is  divided  lor  convenience;  the  term*  are 
the  essential  statements  on  which  lis  validity  depends  as  n 
were,  the  landmarks  of  Its  meaning  or  power;  a  condition  is  a 


contingent  term,  which  may  become  fixed  upon  the  happen- 
ing of  some  contemplated  event.  In  logic  a  term  is  one  of 
the  essential  members  of  a  proposition,  the  boundary  of 
statement  in  some  one  direction.  Thus  in  general  use  term 
is  more  restricted  than  word,  expression,  or  phrase;  a  term  Is 
a  word  that  limits  meaning  to  a  fixed  point  of  statement  or 
to  a  special  class  of  subjects;  as,  when  we  speak  of  the  def- 
inition of  terms,  that  is  of  the  keywords  in  any  discussion; 
or  we  say  "that  is  a  legal  or  scientific  term."  See  boundary; 
diction. — term 'less,  a.  1.  Of  boundless  extent  or  duration. 
2.  Independent  of  conditions.     3t.  Inexpressible. 

term.,  abbr.     Termination. 

ter'ma-gant,  1  tur'ma-gant;  2  ter'ma-gant.  I.  a.  Vio- 
lently abusive  and  quarrelsome;  vixenish.  II.  re.  1.  A 
scolding  or  abusive  woman;  shrew.  2f.  [T-]  One  of  the 
fabled  idols  that  the  medieval  romances  represented 
Mohammedans  as  worshiping.  Ter 'ma-gauntt;  Ter'- 
ma-gundf.  [  <  OF.  Tervaganl,  <  It.  Trivigante,  prob. 
a  name  of  the  moon,  <  L.  ter,  thrice,  vagor,  wander. — ter'- 
ma-gan-cy,  re. 

ter'mi-nal,  1  tfjr'mi-nal;  2  ter'mi-nal.  I.  a.  1.  Pertain- 
ing to  or  creative  of  a  boundary  or  an  end.  2.  Pertain- 
ing to  a  term  or  name.  3.  Anat.  &  Zool.  Situated  at  or 
forming  the  end  of  a  series  or  part.  4.  Bot.  Borne 
at  the  end  of  a  stem  or  branch.  II.  re.  A  terminating 
point  or  station,  etc.;  a  terminus;  end.  [F.,  <  LL. 
lerminalis,  <  L.  terminus,  boundary.)  -ly,  adv. — ter'ml- 
na-bl(ec,  a.  That  may  be  terminated.  —  ter"mi-na-bll'l- 
ty,  re. — ter'ml-na-bly,  adv.— ter'ml-nate,  vt.  &  vi.  [-nat"- 
EDd;  -nat"ing.]  1.  To  put  an  end  or  stop  to;  end;  cease.  2. 
To  be  the  boundary  of.  Syn.:  see  abate;  abolish;  cease; 
end. — ter"mi-na'tlon,  re.  1.  The  act  of  terminating.  2. 
A  close;  end.  3.  The  final  letters  or  syllable  of  a  word.  Syn.: 
see  boundary;  end.  —  ter"ml-na'tlon-al,  a.  —  ter'ml-na- 
tlv(e9,  a. — ter'ml-na"tor,  re.  —  (er'ml-ner,  re.  Law.  The 
act  or  function  of  determining.  —  ter"mI-nol 'o-gy,  n.  1. 
The  correct  use  and  distribution  of  terms.  2.  The  technical 
terms,  as  of  a  science,  collectively.  —  ter"ml-no-log'i-cal, 
a.    -ly,  adv.  —  ter"mi-nol'o-glst,  re. 

ter'mi-nus,  n  tOr'mi-nu";  2  ter'mi-niis,  n.  [-ni,  pi.]  1. 
The  final  point  or  goal;  end;  terminal;  specifically,  the 
farthermost  station  on  a  railway;  also,  the  town  in 
which  such  station  is  situated.  2.  A  boundary  or  bor- 
der; also,  a  boundary=mark.    [L.]    Syn.:  see  end. 

Ter"monde',  1  ter"mehd';  2  ter"mohd',  re.  A  town  in  central 
Belgium;  captured  by  the  Germans,  Sept.  18,  1914. 

ter'mite,l  tur'mait;2  ter'mit,?i.  A  white  ant.  ter'mesj. 

term'iy§,l  turm'h;2term'ly,o.  Happeniugordone every  term. 

tern,  1  turn;  2  tern,  n,  A  small  gull*like  bird  with 
pointed  bill.     [  <  Dan.  teme.] 

ter'na-ry,  1  tur'na-n;  2  ter'na-ry.  I.  o.  1.  Formed  or 
consisting  of  three.  2.  Math.  Containing  three  varia- 
bles, ternj;  ter'natej.  II.  n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  A  group 
of  three;  a  triad.  [  <  L.LL  temi,  by  threes.] — ter'uate- 
ly,  adv.    In  groups  of  three. 

Ter-pan'der,  1  tar-pan'dar;  2  ter-pan'der,  re.  A  Greek  poet 
(about  676  B.  G);  founder  of  Greek  classical  music. 

ter'pene,  1  tur'pin;  2  ter'pen,  re.  Chem.  Any  one  of  several 
isomeric  oily  hydrocarbons,  as  oil  of  turpentine,  contained 
chiefly  in  various  coniferous  plants..    [<  terebinth.] 

Terp-sleh'o-re,  1  turp-slk'o-ri;  2  lerp-slc'o-re,  re.  Gr.  Mi/Hi. 
The  Muse  of  dancing.— Terp"sI-cho-re'an.  I.  a.  ( »f  or 
relating  to  Terpsichore,  or  to  dancing.  II.  re.  [t-]  [Colloq.] 
A  ballet-dancer. 

ter'ra,  1  ter'a;  2  ter'a,  re.  The  earth;  earth.  1 1.1  (erra 
Anna,  dry  laud. — t.  Incognita,  an  unknown  region. 

ter'race,  1  ter'is;  2  tPr'ac.  I.  vt.  [ter'raced1;  ter'rac- 
ino.]    To  fashion  as  a  terrace;  build  in  terraces.     II.  n. 

1.  A  raised  level  space,  as  of  lawn,  having  one  or  more 
vortical  or  sloping  sides;  also,  such  levels  collectively. 

2.  A  raised  level  supporting  a  row  of  houses,  or  the 
houses  occupying  such  a  position.    3,  The  flal  roof  oi  an 

Oriental  or  Spanish  house.     4.   Geol.    A   relatively  nar- 
row Step   in  the  face  Of  asleep  slope.      5.  An  open   gal- 
lery; balcony.    [OF.,  <  It.  terraccia,  <  terra,  earth.] 
tcr'r:i=cot"ta,  re.     A  species  Of  hard   pollers    much  used  in 

statuary,  etc.     [It.,  <  1..  terra,  +  coda,  cooked.] 
ler'rane,  I  1  ter  Sn  or  te-rfn';  2  tfir'an  or  tfi-r&n',  n,  Geol 
ter'rain,  )  1.  A  formation  or  continuously  related  series 

Of  formations.  2.  A  trad  or  region  consul,  red  with 
reference    to    some     special 

purpose.       1  <    P.    terrain, 

ground,  ui i    ■    i.  terra,  earth.] 

ter'ra-pln,    l    ter'e-pin;    ti 

ler'a-pin,  n .     (  hie  of  various 

tortoises;    specifically,    the 
salt  •marsh    terrapin    or 
diamond  back,  of  Hie  At- 
lantic  coast  of  the    United  States.    [Prob.  ol  Am.  Ind. 
origin.] 


Suit-inn  rsl 


i      I  pttr;  bit   poll  B    •■•»«.  tf{  foil, HDe;  but, b9nt| 

lh.it  11  ,         •       »hat.gll;   ui*.  uOc.  pio.  1*111;  hit.  i.     .1      ■'•;   1      ..)•<>.  niii .  in .  \\  on,  <!Mi 


n  . 
tcr-rru 

NT 

■ 

In   . 


II. 

t.T     tot. 


> 
- 

I.  r-r  i    qui  -  .ii 

titer  ami 

I  I 

II.  I 

-    ipi^T  surface  ol 
i>  mourn 

I.         I 
ir.il  wuli  the  earth:  o| 

Lining  to  land  or  -virt h      3. 

I    .        I 

u.>  metal  rii 
through  which  the 
.  :  wheel  I     Icr'rlt    . 
t.  r  rt-W  i    .  I. 

|    Characterised  bj 

I  ■nirihk'  Owe      [I    .  ■     \     I,  rrihilis, 

•i:\itfuu  i  :  I  ttlOH  I- 
t.  r  rl-l.l  .--in —    .  i,r  '  r  I  - 1 » I  > . 

1  ■  I  ri-.  r.  I.    \         i!  active  dog, 

.'.     i  •■  ■ 
■  i  in  earth.] 

lei   ri-l  >  .  r'i-fy.  it.     [-to  D|  -i  r*ING  ]     To 

'error      [  <     I 

tcr-rlf'le,  a      1.  Bui 
inspi-  .'.  i       . .  \,-.  extreme. 

Syn_-  M  AWFUL;  JK1i.htm  l        t«T-rlf'l-cal-l\ . 

i.r  ri-i..-r>.  i  terVto-n; 2 terl-to-ry,  n.    [-hies*,  pi.]    1. 
••  ign  state  exercises  juris- 
rable  tract  of  land;  a  region.    8. 
|T-]   \  I  the  national  domain  of  the  ' 

rnmenl  in  the  expectation 
:t  will  ultimately  !»•  admitted  into  the  In: 

i:irly  organised  division  of  the  North 
[  <   I..1'  t<  rritoriwn,    < 
eart         r.r'ri-i..-ri-al.    I.  a.    Pertaining  to  a  terri- 
tory or  ten-  •  [•-;.  pertaining  to  one  or  ail  of  the 
II  Brit.]  A  mem- 
formed  from  the  mllltls  for  home 
-l>.              ti-r"rl-tii"rl-al'l-ty,  n.     1.  Po 
and  rightful  ownership  ol  territory.    2.  The  character  of 
-  territorial. 
fcer'fcor,  1                ter'or,  n.    1.  An  overwhelming  impulse 
offeai                 bight.    Z.  Thai  whirl,  causes  extreme 
fear.    3.  [Humorous.]  An  intolerable  nuisance  or  bore. 
l<  L*  terror.  <  t,-m„.  frighten.]    Syn.-  see  alarm;  fear; 
fright—  ter'ror-i-in.  ■     The  act  ol  terrorising;  a 
that  seeks  to  rule  by  terror.  — tcr'ror-lst.  n.    c  >ne  who  sup- 
pons  a  pol:                          -.1.     ter"ror-|s'tlr,  a       ter'ror- 
i"  ■                                         terror,  ter'ror-lsej.— ter"- 
ror-i-.  i         --  .    -don,  /,      ter'ror-lz"er  or  -ls"er,  n. 
t.-r  'r> .  1  tart; 2  Mr'y,  n.      A  pile  dressmaking  fabric  In  which 
[ware  uncut.     [<  FY.  llrer,  draw,  <  LI.  lim,  draw  ] 
1.  I  .l'-irantly  concise;  short  and 
poir.-                      ..us.     2f.  Rubbed  to  a  polish; 

10,  rub  off.] 
Sjtl;  brief  impendlous,  concise,  condi 

mentions,    short,    succinct.      Anything 
*lor.'  -  relatively  small  extent.    That  which  Is 

eonci  down,  and  thai  which  is  t 

It  were,  pri~ 

within  a  am  .  •  .u  whirh  \-  -  gathers 

-   into  a  few   words,   weighty  ami 
The  succinct   has   an   alert  u   as   If 

girded  for  action.     The  tummary  Is  compacted  to 
most  point  of  abruptness;  as.  we  speak  ol  a 

rumr:     .  •  or  a  summary  dismissal.     That  which 

is  terse  has  ai  .  (hushed  completeness  within  the 

smallest    possible    compass.      A    sententious    style    Is    one 
abounding  b  that  are  singly  striking  or  memor- 

able, apart  from  tl  •    word  may  be  used  Invld- 

ofthai  which  Is  pretentiously  oracular.  A  ptt/ty  utter- 
ances '  r  her  in  rude  or 
elegant  style. — Antj  dlRuse.  lengthy,  long,  prolix,  ■ 

t'T-.'l-..  ler-e'niss,  n. 

tar'tfmn,  .  n;  2  ter'shan.  Med.  La.    Recurring 

on  the  third  day.     II.  n.    A  disease,  the  paroxj 
which  return  with  one  intervening  day.     [  <   1.    ter- 
tianus,   <  ter,  thrice  ] 

ter'tl-a-rj,  .  ;  2  teVshi-a-ry.    I.  a.    1.  Third 

in  number,  degree,  or  standing.     2.   (>rn\th.    Pertaining 
to  the  t  ter'tiaU.    3.  [T-]  Geol.   (1)  In  Amer- 

ica, and  partly  in  Europe,  of  or  pertaining  to  the  earlii  r 
of  the  systems  comprised  in  the  Ccnozoic  group      (2] 


<      o.    ii.  »    I  it 1 1  s*,  pi.\    i.  |  r  | 

i  -••  in  .it  stral :i,  follow ing  i hi  I  '>• 

us  and  luooeeded  by  the  Quaternarj  system,    2. 

■  feathers  attached  to  the  humerus  or 

proximal  joint  of  tho  wing  of  a  bird     tor'Nalf.    [<  L, 

third  I 

I'ri-iiil  ll-.io.  tul'l-iin.  n.     A  writer  In  tlui 

early  Latin  <  'hui  i  d  oenturles, 

tcs'sel-l.ile.  I    i    i  i     I  e'        I    w 

in..  I  i'n  oonstruol  iii  the  style  "t  oheokered  mosaic,  as 
pavement     [<  1  checkerod.J     UVsvl-la'- 

ilnii.  -     i.  !■    Dilated  work.  I.  rho  art  of  doing  such  work. 

tes'ser-a,   l  .r-n.  n.    \-M,\  .1:2-6,  pt.]     I.    \ 

smaii  square,  as  ol  stone,  tor  making  mosaic  pavements.  'Z. 
One  of  a  set  of  dice     [I...  -    <;r  /,  ioti  .  four  i 

tesi    .i  ■  i  -     I.  To  try  by  expt  rimeni  or  bj  ex- 

amination; prove  2.  To  subjeol  to  conditions  that  di .,- 
olose  the  true  character  ol     Syn  ;    i  e  i  \  unin 

t.-st    .         i .,  attest.    I  -    I  tify.1 

tr>t  .  i.  Subjeotion  to  conditions  thai  disclose  the  true 
character  ol  i  thing  in  nl.it t « >  some  par- 

ticular quality.  -.  An  examination  made  i,,r  the  pui 
of  proving  or  disproving  .some  matter  ID  doubt; 
critical  trial.  3.  \  oriterion  or  standard  of  judgment 
4.  \n  oath  or  other  confirmatory  evidi  nee  ol  principles 
or  belief,  •»-  Distinction  or  discrimination  <>.  Chant. 
A  reaction  by  means  of  which  the  identity  of  a  com- 
pound or  one  of  its  constituents  may  l»-  determined; 

its  agent  ,,r  the  result.  [OF.,  <  L.  Ustum,  pot.] 
Svn.:  see  PROOF,  lesl '  p.V'pcr,  n.  A  paper  saturateil 
with  some  rhemlral  tliat  readily  changes  color  when  r\|>ose(l 

lain  others.      t..tlll)C.  n.     A    thin   glass    tUDB  with   :c 

rounded  bottom,  used  in  making  chemical  tests. 

1 1-~  I   .    n.      1.  A  rigid  external  rase  or  covering;  shell       '!, 

Bot.  The  outer  coat  or  integument  of  a  Beed.     [<  I. 

testa,  shell.)  tes'lat. — Tes-ta'ce-a,  1  irs-te'sln-a;  2  tfls- 
ta'slie-a.  n.  /)!.  An  order  of  shell-bearing  invertebrates; 
shell-fish. — tcs-ta'ce-an,  a.  &  n.  les-la'reous,  a.  1. 
1  Jerlved  from  Shells  or  shcll-llsh.     2.  Having  a  hard  shell. 

Test.,  n.'ihr.   Testament. 

its'ia-tiifiit,  l  tes'te-ment  or  -mant;  2  tSs'ta-ment,  //. 
1.  The  writ  ten  declaration  of  one's  last  will.  2.  In  Bibli- 
cal use,  a  covenant;  dispensation.  3.  |T-]  One  of  tin- 
two  volumes  of  the  Bible,  distinguished  as  the  Old  and 

the  New  Testament.  [F.,  <  I.  testamentum,  <testor, 
testify,  make  a  will.]'    tes"ta-men'tal,  a.    Pertaining  to  a 

testament  or  will.  tes"ta-men'ta-ry,  a.  i.  Derived  from. 
bequeathed  by,  or  set  forth  In  a  will.  2.  Appointed  by  or 
done  In  accordance  with  a  will.  Ideccase. 

tes'tate,  1  tes'tS! ;  2  tes'tat,  «.    Having  made  a  will  before 

(es-(a'tor,  1  tes-tS'tar  or -ter;  2  tfes-tator,  n.  The  maker 
of  a  will;  one  who  has  died  leaving  a  will.  —  teH-ta'- 
trlx,  n.  fern.  [for  testing, 

test'er'j  1  test',.r;  2  tfest'er,  n.     One  who  tests;  a  device 

tea 'ter1,  1  tes'tar;2  tes'tSr,  n.  A  flat  canopy  over  a  tomb, 
a  pulpit,  or  abed.    [<  L.°*  testa,  shell.] 

teller  ,  n.  [Eng.]  A  silver  coin  of  the  Tudor  period,  origi- 
nally worth  eighteen  pence  or  about  36  cents,  later  worth 
sixpence.    [<  OF.  teston,  coin,  <  teste;  see  testy.] 

les'li-elc,  1  trs'ti-k!;2  tfs'ti-cl,  n.  One  of  the  two  genii  al 
glands  of  the  male.  [<  L.  testicitlus,  testicle.]    tcs'tlsj. 

tes'ti-fy,  1  tes'ti-foi;  2  tes'ti-fy,  v.   [-riKii;  -pt*ikgJ   I.  I. 

1.  To  bear  testimony  to;  affirm  positively.  2.  To  de- 
clare on  oath  or  affirmation,  as  before  a  judicial  tribu- 
nal. 3.  To  serve  as  proof  of.  II.  i.  1.  To  give  legal 
testimony;  make  statements  under  oath  or  affirmation. 

2.  To  serve  as  evidence.  3.  To  state  something  as 
known  truth  or  fact.  [<  L.OF  testis,  witness,  +  farm, 
make.)    Syn.:  sec  affirm;  avow. — tes-tif'l-cate,  n.    Scots 

\  solemn  written  assertion.  tes"tl-n-ea'tlont,  n. — 
tes't|-ti-ca"to-ry,  n.  —  tes'tl-fi"er,  n.  Inledt,  pa~ 

tes'tl-mo-nyt)  rt.  To  produce  in  evidence. — tes'ti-mo- 
(cs'ii-n.o-ny,  1  tes'tt-mo-m;  2  tes'ti-mo-ny,  n.  [-niesz, 
pi]  1.  A  statement  or  affirmation  of  a  fact,  as  before  a 
evidence; proof.  2.  The  art  of  testifying;  attesta- 
tion. 3.  Formal  indorsement  of  some  movement,  or  a 
protest  against  it,  4.  Bib.  (1)  The  decalog.  (2)  The 
( >ld  Testament  Scriptures.  [<  Jj.testimnniufii,  <test<ir, 
testify.)  Syn.:  affidavit,  affirmation,  attestation,  deposition, 
proof,  witness.  Testimony,  In  legal  08  well  as  In  com- 
mon use,  denotes  the  statements  of  witnesses.  Deposition 
and  affidavit  denote  testimony  reduced  to  writing.  The  de- 
rera  from  the  affidavit  in  that  the  latter  Is  volun- 
tary and  without  cross-examination,  while  the  former  Is 
made  under  Interrogatories  and  subject  to  cross-examina- 
tion. Evidence  Is  a  broader  term,  including  the  testimony  of 
witnesses  and  all  facts  of  every  kind  that  tend  to  prove  a 
thing  true:  we  have  the  testimony  of  a  traveler  that  a  fugi- 
tive passed  this  way;  his  footprints  In  the  sand  are  addi- 
tional  evidence  of   the   fact.     Compare  demonstration; 


1:8  =  final;    l  =  hablt;    aisle;    UU  =  out;    ell:    lu-teud;    Cllin;    go;    n  =  sircff;    thin,    this,  terraqueous 
797  2:  wolf,  dft;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,  burn;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  that 


proof.— tes"tl-mo'ni-al.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  or  consti- 
tuting testimony  or  a  testimonial.  II.  re.  1.  A  formal 
token  of  regard.    2.  A  written  certificate. 

tes'tont,  tes-toon't,  tes'trilt,  n.    Same  as  tester3. 

tes-tu'dln-,  1  tes-tiu'din-;  2  tes-tu'din-.  From  Latin  testudo 
(lesludin-) ,  turtle:  a  combining  form.— tes-tu'di-nal,  a. 
Pertaining  to  or  like  a  turtle.     tes"tu-din'e-aU. 

tes-tu'do,  1  tes-tiu'do;  2  tes-tu'do,  re.  [tes-tu'di-nes,  1  -di- 
niz;  2  -di-nes.,  pi.]  1.  Rom.  Antiq.  A  shed  or  screen  for  the 
protection  of  soldiers  in  siege  operations.  2.  [T-J  Herp.  A 
genus  typical  of  land=tortoises.     [L.,  <  testa,  shell.] 

tes'ty,  1  tes'ti;  2  tes'ty,  a.  [tes'ti-er;  tes'ti-est.]  Hav- 
ing an  irritable  disposition;  touchy.  [<  OF.  teslu,  <  teste, 
head.]    Syn.:  see  fretful.— tes'ti-Iy,  ado.—- tes'ti-ness,  n. 

tet'a-nus,  1  tet'a-nus;  2  t6t'a-niis,  re.  1.  Rigid  spasmodic 
contraction  of  the  muscles,  as  in  lockjaw.  2.  Physiol.  A 
state  of  contraction  in  a  muscle  excited  by  a  rapid  series 
of  shocks.     [L.,   <    Gr.  tetanos,  rigid.] — te-tan'ic.     Med. 

I.  a.  Relating  to  or  productive  of  tetanus.  II.  re.  A  drug 
capable  of  causing  convulsions,  as  strychnin  or  nux  vomica. 

tetch'1-ly,  tetch'i-ness,  tetch'y.    Same  as  techily,  etc. 

tete"=a=tete',  1  tet"=a=tet';  2  tet"«a"=tet'.  I.  a.  Being  face 
to  face;  hence,  confidential.  II.  re.  1.  A  private  inter- 
view; a  confidential  chat  of  two  persons.  2.  A  sofa  on 
which  two  persons  may  face  each  other.  III.  adv.  In 
private  or  personal  talk.     [  <  F.  tele,  head,  +  d,  to.] 

teth'er,  1  teth'ar;  2  tfith'er.  I.  vt.  To  confine  with  a 
tether;  restrain.  II.  re.  Something  used  to  check  or 
confine,  as  a  rope  for  fastening  an  animal.  [<  AS.  leodor.] 

Te'thys,  1  ti'fnis;  2  te'thys,  re.  Gr.  Myth.  The  daughter  of 
Uranus  and  wife  of  Oceanus. 

tet'ra-,  1  tet'ra-;  2  tet'ra-.  From  Greek  tettares,  four: 
a  combining  form.  —  tet'ra-chord,  re.  Mus.  1.  A  scale 
series  of  half  an  octave.    2.  The  interval  of  a  perfect  fourth. 

—  tet'rad,  re.  A  collection  of  four,  or  the  number  four. — 
tet'ra-gon,  re.  A  figure  having  four  angles;  a  quadrangle. 
[+  Gr.  gonia,  angle.]— tet-rag'o-nal,  a.— tef'ra-he'dral, 
a. — tefra-he'dron,  re.  [-dra,  pl.\  A  solid  bounded  by 
four  plane  triangular  faces.  [  +  Gr.  hedra,  base.] — te- 
tram  'e-ter.  Pros.  I.  a.  Hav- 
ing  four  bases  or  measures. 

II.  re.  A  verse  thus  com- 
posed.— tet^rarch,  1  tet'- 
rQrk  or  ti'trurk;  2  tet'rarc  or 
te'trare,  re.  1.  The  governor 
of  one  part  of  a  country  that 
is  divided  into  four  govern- 
ments, 'i.  A  tributary  prince 
under  the  Romans. — tet'- 
rarch-y,  re.    tet'rarch-atel. 

—  tef'ra-py'lon,     re.         A 
structure  having   four  gate-    ,j. 
ways    or  penetrated  by  two  -ifi... 

L|L  L 


Tetrapylon. 

Arc  de  l'F.toile,  Paris. 


structure   having   four    pil- 
-tet"ra-syl'la-bl(cp,  re.     A 


intersecting  passages,  as  some 
arches. — tet'ra-style.  I.  a. 
Having  four  pillars.  II.  re. 
1.  A  temple  or  the  like  hav- 
ing four  front  columns  in  its 
portico.  2.  Any  building  or 
lars.  [+  Gr.  stylos,  column.] 
word  of  four  syllables.  —  tet"ra-syl-lab'ic,  a 

tet'ter,  1  tet'ar;  2  t6t'er,  n.  A  vesicular  skin=disease,  as 
eczema.    [  <  AS.  teter.] 

Te-tuan',  1  te-twfin';  2  te-twan',  re.  A  seaport  In  N.  E. 
Morocco;  pop.  30,000.     Tet'want. 

Teu'cer,  1  tlu'sar;  2  tfl'cer,  re.  1.  HalNbrother  of  Ajax; 
founder  of  Salamls.  2.  The  first  king  of  Troy.— Tcu'cri-a, 
re.     The  Troad.— Teu'crl-an,  a.  &  re.     Trojan. 

tench,  1  Huh;  2  tun,  a.  [Scot.]  Tough.   Icugli;. 

Teut.,  (Mir.    Teuton,  Teutonic. 

Teu'ton,  1  tiii'tan;  2  tu'ton,  n.  One  of  an  ancient  Ger- 
man tribe.  2.  The  German  people  in  general,  or  an  in- 
dividual of  the  German  race.  3.  The  Aryans  of  north- 
western  Europe,  including  the  High  Germans,  the  l.nw 
Germans,  and  the  Scandinavians.  [<  L.  Teutoni,  rep- 
resentlng  the  native  name.]    Teu-ton'lc.   I.  a.    Pertaining 

to  the  Teutons.    II.  n.    'Die  language  of  the  Teutons. 

Tcwkcs'bur-y,  1  tluks'ber-i;  2  tflks'ber-y,  re.  A  borough  In 
England;  Yorkists  defeated  Lancastrians,  1471. 

Tex.,  abbr.    Texan,  Texas  (Official) . 

Tex 'as,  1  teks'as:  2  teks'as,  n.  A  State  In  S.  W.  United  States; 
265,896  sq.  m.;  pop.  4,472.500;  capital,  Austin.— Tex 'an, 
u.  &  re. 

text,  1  tckst;  2  tekst,  n.  1.  The  original  words  of  an 
author;  the  body  of  matter  on  a  written  or  printed 
page,  as  distinguished  from  notes,  illustrations,  etc.  "A. 
A  verso  of  Scripture.  3.  Any  subject  of  discourso;  a 
topic;  theme.  4.  One  of  several  styles  of  letters  or  types, 
[<  LF.  tcxtus,  <  texo,  weave.]— text'sbook",  re.  A  book 
used   as  a  standard   work   In   any    branch;   school-book;   a 

manual.— tex'tu-al,  a.    1.  Pertaining  to  the  text;  verbal. 
2.  Versed  In  texts.— tex'tu-al-Ism,  ».    1.  Rigid  adherence 


to  the  letter  of  a  text.    2.  The  art  of  textual  criticism.— 
tex'tu-al-ist,  re. — tex'tu-al-ly,  adv. 

tex'tile,  11  teks'til;  2  tgks'til.     I.  a.     1.  Pertaining  to 

tex'til8,  J  weaving  or  woven  fabrics.  2.  Such  as  may  be 
woven;  manufactured  by  weaving.  II.  n.  A  woven 
fabric;  textile  material.    [<  L.  textilis,  <  textus;  see  text.] 

tex'ture,  1  teks'ehur  or  -tiur;  2  t£ks'chur  or  -tur,  n.  1. 
The  arrangement  or  character  of  the  threads,  etc.,  of  a 
woven  fabric.  2.  Hence,  structural  order.  3.  Any  wo- 
ven fabric;  a  web.     [F.,  <  L.  textura,  <  texo,  weave.] 

Tez-cat"ll-po'ca,  1  tes-kafll-po'ka;  2  tes-cat"li-po'ea,  re. 
A  god  of  the  Mexican  race;  brother  of  Quetzalcoatl. 

tf.,  abbr.    Till  forbidden.  — t.  g.,  abbr.    Type  genus. 

-th,  suffix.  In  (1)  abstract  nouns,  as  heal/ft,  wealM;  (2) 
ordinals,  as  fourth,  Utth;  and  (3)  the  third  person  singular 
of  the  present  indicative  of  verbs,  as  doth,  hath.  [(1)  <  AS. 
-th,-t.    (2)  <  AS.  -tha,  -the.    (3)  <  AS.  -eth,  -ath.}  [day. 

Th.,  abbr.    Theophilus,  Thomas.— Th.,  Thu.,  abbr.    Thurs- 

Thack'er-ay,  1  thak'ar-e;  2  thak'er-a,  William  Makepeace 
(1811-1863).    An  English  novelist;  Vanity  Fair. 

tha'Ier,  1  tti'lar;  2  ta'ler,  re.  A  former  monetary  unit  of  some 
German  states,  worth  about  71  cents. 

Tha'les,  1  the'llz;  2  tha'leg,  of  Miletus  (640-546  B.  C.).  A 
Greek  physical  philosopher,  astronomer,  and  geometer; 
one  of  the  Seven  Sages.  [sided  over  comedy,  etc. 

Tha-li'a,  1  tha-lai'a;  2  tha-H'a,  re.    The  Muse  of  joy;  pre- 

thal'li-um,  1  thal'i-um;  2  thal'i-um,  re.  A  soft  white  crystal- 
line metallic  element  used  in  glass=making,  etc.  See  ele- 
ment. [  <  Gr.  lhallos,  shoot,  <  thallo,  bloom  (from  the  green 
color  of  the  chief  line  in  its  spectrum).]— thai 'lie,  a. 

Thal-loph 'y-ta,  1  £ha-lef'i-ta;  2  tha-16f'y-ta,  re.  pi.  A 
phylum  of  plants  comprising  the  algae,  fungi,  and  li- 
chens. [  <  Gr.  lhallos  (see  thallus)  +  phyton,  plant.] 
— thallo-phyte,  re.  A  plant  of  the  above  group.— thal"- 
lo-phyt'ic,  a. 

dial  'lus,  1  fhal'us;  2  thal'us,  re.  [thal'li,  1  -oi;  2  -I,  pi.]  Bot. 
A  plant  without  true  root.stem,  or  leaf.  [  <  L.  thallus,  &  shoot, 
<  Gr.  thallos,  <  thallo,  bloom]  thal'lomet.— thal'loid, 
a.     Resembling  a  thallus.    thal-loi'dalt;  thal'loset. 

Thames,  1  temz;  2  tem§,  re.  I.  A  river  of  S.  England;  209  m. 
through  London  to  the  North  Sea.  2.  (Locally,  1  fhemz; 
2  tham§.)  A  river  and  estuary  in  E.  Connecticut;  it  (lows 
into  Long  Island  Sound.  3.  A  river  in  Ontario  province, 
Canada:  length,  160  m.  to  Lake  St.  Clair. 

than,  1  than;  2  titan,  conj.  When,  as,  or  if  compared 
with:  placed  after  an  adjective  or  adverb  to  express 
comparison  between  what  precedes  and  what  follows: 
often  in  elliptical  clauses  approaching  prepositional 
force,  which  has  become  recognized  usage  in  the  phrase 
than  whom.    [  <  AS.  thanne,  than.]    thenf. 

than"a-top'sis,  1  than'a-top'sis;  2  than"a-top'sis,  re.  A  mus- 
ing upon  death.     [<  Gr.  thanatos,  death,  +  opsis,  sight,] 

Than'a-tos,  1  fhan'a-tes;  2  than'a-tos,  re.  Gr.  Myth.  The 
personification  of  death.    [Gr.,  death.] 

thane,  1  then;  2  than,  n.  1.  Originally,  a  warrior  com- 
panion of  an  English  king  before  the  Conquest.  2. 
Later,  a  freeman  or  a  ceorl  (churl)  who  possessed  some 
property.  3.  One-  of  the  old  nobility  in  the  king's  ser- 
vice.   [<  AS.  thegen,  thegn,  thane.]     theguj. 

thank,  1  thank;  2  thank.  I',  vt.  To  make  formal  ac- 
knowledgments to  or  express  gratitude  to;  give  thanks 
to.  II.  n.  The  act  of  thanking;  gratitude  expressed: 
generally  in  the  plural.  [<  AS.  thaneian,  <  thane, 
thanks,  thoughts.]— thank'ful,  a.  1.  Deeply  sensible  of 
kindness  received.  2.  Done  or  made  to  express  thanks. 
Syn.:  see  grateful.— thank'ful-ly,  arfc  — thankTul- 
ness,  re.— thank'less,  a.  1.  Not  feeling  or  expressing 
gratitude.  2.  Not  likely  to  gain  thanks;  unthanked.  -ly, 
adv.     -ness,  re.— thank'wor"thy,  a.     Meritorious. 

thanks"giv'ing,  1  thai)ks"giv'in;  2  th&nks*S"v'ing,  n.  I. 
The  act  of  giving  thanks,  as  to  God;  the  expression  oi 
gratitude.  2.  A  form  of  words  or  worship  in  recognition 
of  divine  mercies.  3.  A  public  celebration  in  recognii  ion 
of  divine  favor;  also,  a  day  set  apart  for  such  celebra- 
tion.—Thanksgiving  Day,  in  the  United  States,  a 
day,  usually  the  last  Thursday  In  November,  set  apart  as 
an  annual  festival  of  thanksgiving  for  the  year's  blessings. 

Tliap'sus,  1  fliap'sus;  2  thap'sus,  n.  An  ancient  town  in  N. 
Africa,  whore  Cicsar  defeated  a  Pompeiian  army,  46  U.  ('. 

thar'bor-oiight,  re.    SamoasTHiRn>iionoiioii 
that,  1  that;  2  that.    I.  a.    [those,;)/.]    1.  The  (one)  spe- 
cially designated:  an  emphatic  word  oi  greater  definitive 
force  than  the,  and  having  reference  to  some  person  or 
thing  mentioned  or  understood.     2.  Such:   followed  by 

that  or  formerly  by  as.     3.  The  I ■>  there:  correlative 

to  this,  denoting  something  more  remote  in  place,  tune, 
or  thought.     Vk.pron.  l.   \s  a  demonstrative:  (1)  The 

person  or  thing  applied,  mentioned,  or  undersl 1;  as, 

see  that.    (2)  The  person  or  thing  there  or  in  the  Beoond 

place.       2.    As    a    relative,    who    Or    "Inch.       III.    OOtj, 
[Colloq.]  In  such  a  manner  or  degree;  so.     IV.  conj. 


tli.id  h 


«               »        fat.  fane;  font     get.  pre .         I            ,  Q     not.  Ar 

.        i        ta.it.  what,  nil; iii 


full,  rule;   but.  horn; 
I       •     gft,  not.  or,  won.         7!>S 


ii"  princip 
I 

[  tell  you 

.1.    ! 
4.    \  - 

r  li.       V      .>  - >       .11  (    •         \^ 

M    Ill.ll  I  .   ■      >    ■ 

> 

(h.U.  li.  I  .  A  uilh  a 

II.  I .  (raw,  etc.,  ar- 

j  "ii.'  of 
for  thatching. 
i  hatch  ■  r . 
than  in.i-t ri>i><  .  ;..  g  tha'ma-trop,  \i 

>l  :i  card 
blend   together  when   the   card   i>   rapidly 

.riling  I 

iluu  nn-turge.  1  fhe'ma-t&rj;  2  tha'ma-turg,  n.    One 
-  or  miracles;  h  wonder* worker; 
■    tlr.  thaumai 
I  li.i ii "in.i- 1  nr  kM    . 

(iiau'iua-iur'Klr,  i     Pertaining  to  or  characteristic  of 
mlraii.-      thau~iiia-turgl-cal.  t  han' iiii-tur'uh  *. 

i  ii.ui  Mi:i-iur"u>.  «    Magic 
Hi.im.  .  I-  fa  change  from  a  frosen 

•  it--;  dissolve  it  melt,  as  ice  it  snow; 
weather,  id  rise  in  temperatui 
to  i:  ■  .  ir:iti\ -t-ly     II.         L  The 

:  thawing,  or  the  state  •■!  being  thawed.    t.  Warmth 
such  as  melts  things  frosen:  also  figuratively. 
\-  :.       ■  mi  Li- 

the, i  ■  ■'  u  ■  ' :  1  Uu,  2  the  I  uii- 

:  1  the,  2  the  [imt mphai 
act"-  I  or  a.    Belonging  to  a  particular 

I  or  emphatically  distinguished 
-  group;  as,  the  Christian  Sab- 
bath.  [  <  AS  (as,  the,  <  deinons.  pronom.  form  lh-.] 
th.-.  l'hee. 

tin-.  if  words  in  the  comparative  de- 

ii  exoess,  and  equivalent 

,    (Aw,  for  th  lent;    as,    "the  sooner  the 

the,  <  that,  that.] 
tin-  .ir-i  h>.  'hi'ar-ki;2  the'ar-t-y,  n.    L. Government bv a 

d>-n  .       -'•  racy.    1  <  Gr.(A«08,  God,  +  or cA£,  rule.] 

thct..  i-rical. 

tin  'a-tcr,  i  1  Qu"e-tar;2  the'a-ter,  n.    1.  A  building  espc- 
the'.i-tre.  |  dramatic,  operatic,  or  Bpec- 

tacular     representations; 

C;. 
.'  ire  and  r.pr 

i  whole. 
3.  Any   place  of  semicir- 
cular form  with  - 
ing    by  easy  gradations. 
I        ny  place  or    region 
thai .  I  events. 

|  <Gr  '  •'  0 

sight,     the-at'rl-cal.     I. 
a.       1.    Pertaining    to    the 
theater.      .'  Ear 

show,    display,     or     effi 
the-at  'rlc:.     II.  t,    pi.     a    ••••••••••••• 

dramatic  performance:   es-  r.round  Plan  of  Creek  Theater 
peclally  wh. 

performers  the-         ...„;,,    \   u„r 

atrl-Cal-l),      OOZ.  the-  cbrttn.     C.  Stip.     7.  Actor',  entr»n<*. 

at  'rl-eal-ne*>.,  n. 
Tbebei,  1  Odbs;  2  thebtj.  n.    1.  The  ancient  capital  of  tinier 
■  •     2.  The  chief  city  or  ancient  Bcsotla;  destroyed  by 
n'Jer— The'ban,  a.  &  n. 
the'ea,  1  thi'ka;  2  thPea,  n.    [tbx'cm,  1  -si:  2  -C8,  pi.]    A 
I  |  .-    —  gr  case.]     Ibe'eal, a. 

thee,  1  till ;  2  th£,  pern.  pron.     The  objective  case  of  the 
:  person  singular:  used  in 
r,  poetry,  etc.    [<  AS.  thf-,  ace.  and  dat 

tbeek',  1  (hue;  2  th6k.  rr.  [Prov.  Brit]  To  thatch.  — theek'- 
Ing,  n     Thatch. 

theft,.  ft;2thSft,n.  1.  The  act  of  thieving;  larceny. 
I.  1  hat  which  is  stolen.    (  <  AS.  thedfth,  <  theol,  thief.] 

the-gllh'er,   1   thi-glth'er;  2  the-glrti'.  ■  It  ]     To- 

gether. 

thegn,  1  then;  2  then,  n.    Same  as  timm. 

the'ln,     ii  fhl'in,  -in  or  -in;  2  the'in,  -in  or  -In,  n.   Chem. 

the'ine,  \  The  alkaloid  in  the  tea-plant:  chemically  iden- 
Wltfa  eaffein      [  <  XL.  Ihe/i,   <  Chin,  tt'a,  tea.] 

their.    |  1  thar,  tharz;  2  ther,  thers.,  pom.  pron.  pi.    Pos- 

their*.  isesofTBKT.    The  form  their  is  not  used 


absolutely,  and  theire  not  attributivelj     I-     \s  r/,,ir.i, 
thej  I 
the  i-m  .  i  ■■  Belief  in  ( lod;  in  re 

.  a  belief  in  Qod,  In  ■  i-"d.  m  in  gods:  "i'i I  to 

i  |     the '1st,        iiu-isiir, 

the-ti  ii-r.ii.  i in  in  i 

the  Mo  .         rhe  toxlo  eftects  of  exoesslve  tea^drlnklng    I 

i  hem,  l  them;  2  th8m,  pron  pi     Objectivi  ca  i  of  thi  r, 

\-  them-selTes',  pron    Plural  "f  BiMSKLr, 

Ml  RSI  I  I  .   I  1^-1  I  I 

theme,  l  fhlm;2  them.  n.  I.  \  subject  of  disooui  •  a 
topic  i"  l»-  discussed  ">  developed  in  writing  ■"  pei  eh; 
hence,  any   topic       *i.    \n  i  rtation,      3. 

Philot.  The  n.oi  el'  a  wonl  a-  prepared  to  receive  in- 
flectional changes,  4.  Mve,  A  melodio  subject  usually 
developed  with  variations  in  a  composition,    I'd   . 

i;r.<  tlitmn,  ■  ttthfmt.  place.]  Syn.:  Bee  TOPIC,  tbe-iii.il '- 
le, .; 

Tiie'inis.  i  tiii'iius:  2  tiie'niis.  n.  Or.  Myth.  The  personlflca- 
iii.n  ..r  divine  lustloe     |<  :r .  law  I 

The-mls'tc-cles,  i  Qu-mls'to-klls;  2  the-mls'to-eleB,  n.  An 
Athenian  statesmao  and  soldli  r  (5147-449  1    • 

(lien,  l  then;  2  then  La,  Being  at  thai  time:  an  attrib- 
utive use  of  the  adverb  condemned  by  many  authorities, 

II.  \  ipecific  time  already  mentioned  or  undei  it I 

III.  adv.  I.  At  that  time,  expressed  or  understood. 
'i.  Next  or  immediately  afterward.    3.  At  another  time. 

IV.  eon;.  1.  For  that  reason;  as  a  consequence;  there- 
fore.     2.   Well   then;  in   that   ease;  as,  you   won't'.'  then 

I  will.    [<  A8.  Vumne,  then.]    Syn.:  see  thbbxfobb, 

thence,  j  l  mens;  2  thenc,  ads,    1.  Prom  that  place     2. 

thense1,  i  From  the  orcumstance,  fact,  or  cause;  there- 
fore, S.  From  that  time;  after  that  time.  [ME,  thennee, 
adv.  gen.,  <  AB.thanan.]  Syn.:  see THEBxroBB.  thence"- 
fortb'.  ode,  In. in  that  time  forth.-  tlience"for'ward, 
(Kit.  1.  Thenceforth.  8.  From  that  place  forward,  thence"- 
from't.  (blnlng  form. 

the'o-,  1  fhl'o-;  2  the'o-.    From  Greek  theos,  god:  a  oom- 

Theo.,  niihr.    Theodore. 

the-oe'ra-cy,  1  Qu-eb/re-ei;  2  the-6c'ra-cy,  n.  [-eras*, 
pi.]  1.  A  government  recognizing  the  immediate  sov- 
ereignty of  God.  2.  Hence,  government  by  ecclesias- 
tics.    |  <  thi. ii-    h  Gr.  krateS,  rule.]     (he'ar-chyj.— 

lhe"o-crat 'lc,  n.      tlie"o-era(  'l-cal;. 

the-oe'ra-sy,  l  (M-eVra-m;  2  the-Oc'ra-sy.  n.  The  mixed 
worship  of  polytheism.    [<  theo-  +  (ir.  trasU,  mixture.] 

The-oc'rl-(us,  1  fhi-ok'n-tus;  2  the-oc'rl-tds,  n.  A  Creek 
poet  of  the  3d  century  B.  C;  probably  of  Syracuse. 

the-od'i-c-y,   n.      1.    Theol. 
providence    by    the    at- 
tempt   to    reconcile   the 
«  xistence  of  evil  with  the 
goodness  andsovereignf  p 

01  God.     2.  PAitoiTT" 

I. ranch  that  treats  "1    I 

being,    perfections,    ai 

government  ol   I 
the    immortality   of    t 
soul.        [  ■      THEO-    +    Gr. 
aVti,  Justice.) 

'li  -nil',  i-i  tic  1  thi-od'o- 
lait;  2  the-od'o-llt,  n. 
<  hie  of  several  surveying 
and  astronomical  instru- 
ments fur  measuring  hor- 
izontal and  vertical  an- 
gle*.   [( If  Ar.  origin.] 

The-in|'o-rlc,  i  tln-od'o-nk; 

2  ttic-od'o-rlo,  n.  "The 
Great"  (454-526).  A  king 
of  the  Ostrogoths;    ruler  of 

Italy. 

The"o-do's|-us,  1  fhro-do'- 
shi-us;  2  the"o-ilo'shl-us.  R, 

"TheGreat"  (34<l 
Etonian    emperor    ol    the 
ESast. 
the-oc'o-ny,  1  Qu-eg'o-m; 

2  the-og'o-ny,  n.  The 
generation  or   genealogy 


Justification    of    the    divine 


I  heodollte. 


o.  itrMir.f.l.-..];  '..  .frti.»l  llml,  ami   r«r- 

of  the  ejods,  especially  as  niar;  i  ■  .  ■  ■■■■- 

recitedin  ancient  poetry.  Krew;  /,  tele»co[*.l,ul.l,lf ;  g.  gndll 

I  <   THl-fi-    4-  (Ir      -annul     •«*»d»"1;  '•  pl»l'-l'Ul.l,le:  j,  horliunul-lluib 

I  «*,  THfcO  -t-  or.  noma,  >n|]  fmAa  k  clmmp.  ,nd  tugnUMtnr;  ', 
<  Oignomat,  become.]  —  |ow<rclamp.wrew:m,t»ngent.ilcre»;7..1<-itl- 
tlie"o-gon'lc,  a.  -  the-  ing^crew;  o,  «hittlng«pUU;  p,  trlpod-heu'l. 
Og'o-Illst.  /( 

theol.,    abbr.      Theologian,    theological,    theology.  —  theor., 

abbr.    Theorem 
the-ol'o-gy,  1  tlu-ol'o-ji;  2  the-ol'o-gy,  n.     [-giesz,  pi.] 

1.  The  branch  of  religious  science  that  treats  of  God,  his 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    an  =  out;    oil;    la  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sino;   fhin,   this.        thatch 
799        2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    thia.  thew 


nature,  attributes,  laws,  etc..  2.  Class.  Antiq.  A  treat- 
ise or  poem  on  the  nature  and  worship  of  the  gods.  [  < 
F.  theologie,  <  LI.,  theologla,  <  Gr.  theologia,  <  theos,  god, 
+  lego,  speak.]  Syn.:  see  religion. — the'o-log,  n.  [Col- 
loq.]  A  theological  student,  the'o-loguei.— the"o-lo'- 
gi-an,  re.  One  versed  in  theology:  a  professor  of  divinity;  a 
divine.— thc"o-log'i-cal,  the"o-Iog 'ic,  a.  Pertaining  to  or 
of  the  nature  of  theology.— the"o-log'i-cal-ly,  adv.— the- 
ol'o-gize,  v.  [-gized;  -giz'ing.]  1. 1.  To  render  theological. 
II.  i.  To  reason  like  a  theologian,     the-ol'o-glsei. 

the"o-mor'phir,  1  thro-mfir'fik;  2  the'o-mor'fic.  a.  Having 
the  form  or  likeness  of  God.  [<  theo-  +  Gr.  m.orpliS, 
form.]  — the-oph'a-ny,  re.  A  manifestation  or  appearance 
of  a  deity  or  of  the  gods  to  man.    [  +  Gr.  phainomai,  appear.] 

the-or'bo,  1  tht-er'bo;  2  the-or'bo,  n.  A  17th=century  lute 
having  two  necks.    [  <  It.  tiorba,  kind  of  lute.] 

the'o-rem,  1  thi'o-rem;  2  the'o-rem,  n.  1.  A  proposition 
demonstrably  true  or  acknowledged  as  such.  2.  Math. 
(1)  Geom.  A  proposition  setting  forth  something  to  be 
proved.  (2)  Alg.  A  rule  or  law  formulated  in  symbols, 
or  the  directory  of  an  operation.  [  <  Gr.  theorema,  < 
theSreO,  look  at.]  — the"o-reni-at'ic,  a.    the"o-rem'ict. 

the'o-ry,  1  thi'o-n;  2  the'o-ry,  n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  1.  A  plan 
or  scheme  subsisting  in  the  mind  only,  but  based  on 
principles  verifiable  by  experiment  or  observation.  2. 
A  body  of  the  fundamental  principles  underlying  a  sci- 
ence or  an  application  of  a  science.  3.  Abstract  knowl- 
edge of  any  art.  4.  A  proposed  explanation,  designed 
to  account  for  any  phenomenon.  [<  Gr.L+F  thebria, 
viewing,  theory,  <  thedreo,  look  at.]  the'o-rlekt.  Syn.: 
see  hypothesis:  idea. — the"o-ret'i-cal,  the"o-ret'ic,  a. 
Pertaining  to  theory;  speculative. — the"o-ret'I-caI-Iy,  adv. 
— the'o-rist,  re,  One  who  theorizes. — the'o-rize,  vt.  &  vi. 
[-rized;  -riz"ing.]  To  form  or  express  theories;  speculate. 
the'o-rlset. — the'o-riz"[or  -ris"]er,  re. 

theos.,  abbr.    Theosophist,  theosophy. 

the-os'o-phy,  1  thi-os'o-fi;  2  the-os'o-fy,  n.  [-phiesz,  pi.] 
1.  Mystical  speculation  applied  to  deduce  a  philosophy 
of  the  universe.  2.  In  its  modern  phase,  a  system  that 
claims  to  embrace  the  essential  truth  underlying  all 
systems  of  religion,  philosophy,  and  science.  [  <  Gr. 
theosophia,  <  thcosophos,  <  theos,  god,  +  sophos,  wise.]  — 
the"o-soph'ic,  a.  the"o-soph'i-calt.  —  the"o-sopi»'i- 
cal-ly,  adv.  —  thc-os'o-phism,  re. — the-os'o-phlst,  re. 

therap.,  abbr.    Therapeutic,  therapeutics. 

ther"a-peu'tic,  1  fher"8-piu'tik;  2  th6r"a-pu'tie.     I.  a. 

1.  Having  healing  qualities.  2.  Pertaining  to  therapeu- 
tics. ther"a-peu'ti-calt.  II.  n.  A  medicine  effica- 
cious in  disease.  [  <  Gr.  thcrapeutikos,  <  therapcules, 
attendant.]— ther"a-peu  'tics,  re.  The  department  of  medi- 
cal science  that  relates  to  diseases  and  remedies,  ther'a-py  t. 

there,  1  thar;  2  ther.  I.  adv.  1.  In  or  at  that  place;  in  a 
place  other  than  that  of  the  speaker:  opposed  to  here. 

2.  To  that  place;  in  that  quarter  or  direction;  thither. 

3.  At  that  stage  or  point  of  action  or  proceeding.  4. 
Expletive  (1  ther,  2  ther),  used  as  an  expletive  before 
verbs  of  being  or  action;  as,  there  was  once  a  man.  5. 
Used  with  independent  phrases  or  clauses,  foremphasis, 
encouragement,  etc.:  the  equivalent  of  that.  II.  inter j. 
An  exclamation.  [<  AS.  ther,  thser,  there.]  —  therea- 
bout", adv.  Near  that  number,  quantity,  etc.;  approxi- 
mately. there'a-bouts":t.  — there-af'ter.  I.  re.  The 
time  following  an  event.  II.  adv.  1.  Afterward.  2.  Ac- 
cordingly.—there-at',  adv.  At  that  event,  place,  or  time; 
upon  that.  — there 'a-way",  adv.  1.  From  or  in  that  direc- 
tion or  position.  2.  [C'olloq.]  In  that  region:  thereabout. 
there'a-ways"t.  -  there-hy',  adv.  1.  Through  the  agency 
of  that.  2.  Connected  with  that,  3.  Conformably  to  that.  4. 
Near  by.  —  there-for  V/r/i'.  For  thatorthis.  — therc-froni', 
adv.  From  this  or  that  time,  place,  etc.  —  there-! n',  adv.  I. 
In  that  place.  2.  In  that  time,  matter,  etc.-  there"l  n-(o\ 
adv.  Into  this  or  that. — there-of' I, ado.  1-  Of  this,  that,  or 
II,  2.  Therefrom,  there-on',  adv.  On  this,  that,  or  it.— 
there-out',  adv.  From  or  out  of  that  or  this.— there-to'  ||, 
adv.  1.  To  this,  that,  or  It.  2.  In  addition.  there"iin- 
to't.  there"to-fore'.  adv.  Before  this  or  that:  previously 
to  thai  (here"up-i>n',  adv.  Upon  that,  there- With', 
adv.  1.  With  this,  that,  or  It.  2.  Thereupon,  therc"- 
wlth-aP,  ndv.    Besides. 

there'fore,  1  thar'for  or  thfir'for;  2  ther'for  or  ther'for,  adv. 
&  con/.  For  that  or  this  reason;  on  that  ground  or  account ; 
also,  necessarily  growing  out  of  this;  consequently. 

Syn.:  accordingly,  because,  hence,  since,  then,  thence, 
therefore,  wherefore.  Therefore  Is  the  most  precise  and 
formal  word  for  expressing  the  direct  conclusion  of  a  chain 
or    reasoning:    then   carries   a  similar    but  slighter  sense   of 

inference,  which  it  gives  Incidentally  rather  than  formally; 

as,  "All  men  are  mortal;  ( ICBSar  Is  a.  man;  then  inn  <  'a'sar  Is 
mortal";   or,    "The  Contract    Is   awarded;    thi  n    there    Is    no 

more  to  in- said."  Consetpiently  denotes  a  direct  result,  but 
more  frequently  of  a  practical  than  a  theoretical  kind;  as. 
"Importaut  matters  demand   my   attention;   const <iu< iiihj 


I  shall  not  sail  to=day."  Consequently  is  rarely  used  In  the 
formal  conclusions  of  logic  or  mathematics,  but  marks 
rather  the  freer  and  looser  style  of  rhetorical  argument. 
Accordingly  denotes  correspondence,  which  may  or  may 
not  be  consequence;  it  is  often  used  In  narration;  as,  "The 
soldiers  were  eager  and  confident;  accordingly  they  sprang 
forward  at  the  word  of  command."  Thence  is  a  word  of 
more  sweeping  inference  than  therefore,  applying  not  merely 
to  a  single  set  of  premises,  but  often  to  all  that  has  gone  be- 
fore, including  the  reasonable  Inferences  that  have  not  been 
formally  stated.  Wherefore  is  the  correlative  of  therefore, 
and  whence  of  hence  or  thence,  appending  the  inference  or 
conclusion  to  the  previous  statement  without  a  break. 
Compare  synonyms  for  because. 

(her  'mal,  1  tliur'mal;  2  ther'mal,  a.  Pertaining  to,  deter- 
mined by,  or  measured  by  heat,     ther'niicj. 

ther'mo-,  1  thur'mo-;  2  ther'mo-.  From  Greek  thermi, 
heat:  a  combining  form. — ther"nio-dy-nam'Ic,  o.  Of 
or  pertaining  to  the  transformation  of  heat>energy  into  mo- 
tion, or  to  the  relations  between  them.  ther"mo-dy- 
nam'1-caU.  —  ther"mo-dy-nam'les,  re.  Physics.  That 
branch  of  the  theory  of  heat  treating  of  the  relations  between 
heat  and  mechanical  work. — ther"mo-e-lec'trlr,  a.  Of 
or  pertaining  to  thermoelectricity.  ther"mo-e-lec'trl- 
ealf. — ther"mo-e-lee-trIc'l-ty,  re.  Electricity  generated 
by  differences  of  temperature,  or  between  two  different  met- 
als in  contact.  —  ther"mo-gen'lc,  a.  Heat»produclng. — 
ther 'mo-graph,  n.     A  registering  thermometer. 

ther-mom'e-ter,  1  £her-mem'e-t8r;2  ther-mom'e-ter,  n. 
An  instrument  for  measuring  degrees  of  temperature. 
— ther"mo-met'rIc,  ther"mo-met'rI-eal,  a.— ther"- 
mo-met'rl-cal-Iy,  adv.— ther-mom'e-try,  re. 

ther 'mo-pile,  1  thur'mo-pail;  2  ther'mo-pil,  re.  A  ther- 
moelectric battery,  especially  when  used  with  a  galva- 
nometer to  measure  heat.   [  <  thermo — \-  L.  pila,  pier.] 

Ther-mop'y-las  1  fhar-mep'i-H;  2  ther-mGp'y-le,  re.  A  nar- 
row mountain  pass  from  Thessaly  into  Greece,  defended  by 
Leonidas  against  Xerxes,  Aug.  7  to  9,  480  B.  C. 

ther 'mo-scope,  1  fhur'mo-skop;  2  ther'mo-scop,  n.  An 
instrument  for  detecting  changes  or  differences  of  tem- 
perature.    [  <  THERMO h  -SCOPE.] 

ther'mo-stat,  1  fhur'mo-stat;  2  ther'mo-stat,  n.  A  de- 
vice for  the  automatic  regulation  of  temperature  by 
utilizing  the  expansion  and  contraction  caused  by 
changes  of  temperature  in  certain  metals.  [  <  thermo- 
-|-  Gr.  histSmi,  stand.] — ther"mo-stat'lc,  a.  —  ther"mo- 
stat'1-cal-ly,  adv.  —  ther"mo-stat'Ics,  re.  Physics.  The 
theory  of  the  equilibrium  of  heat. 

the-sau'rus,  1  fhi-se'rus;  2  the-sa'rus,  n.  1.  Gr.  Antiq. 
A  place  where  treasure  is  laid  up;  a  storehouse.  2.  A 
repository  of  words  or  knowledge;  hence,  a  lexicon  or 
cyclopedia.      [  <    Gr.L    thesaurus,    treasurchouae.] 

these,  1  thiz;  2  thes,  a.  &  pron.    Plural  of  this. 

The'seus,  1  thl'sifls  or  -si-us;  2  the'sus  or  -se-us,  re.  A  Greek 
legendary  hero  of  Attica.     See  Ariadne,  Minotaur. 

the'sis,  1  thl'sis;  2  the'sis,  n.  [the'ses,  pi.]  1.  A  propo- 
sition advanced,  to  be  maintained  or  defended  by  argu- 
ment. 2.  Hence:  (1)  An  essay  or  treatise  on  a  particular 
subject;  especially,  a  dissertation  presented  by  a  candi- 
date for  a  degree.  (2)  An  academic  exercise  or  theme. 
3.  A  theme.  4.  Pros.  The  unaccented  part  of  a  foot; 
also,  the  depression  of  voice  in  pronouncing  the  thesis. 
5.  Logic.  An  affirmative  proposition,  as  opposed  to  a 
hypothesis.  6.  Mus.  The  down  beat;  the  accented  part 
of  a  measure.    [L.,  <  Gr.  thesis,  <  tithemi,  place.] 

Ther-sl'tes,  1  fhar-sol'tlz;  2  ther-si'teg,  re.  In  Homer's  Iliad, 
an  ugly  and  scurrilous  Greek. 

Thes'pi-an,  1  £hes'pi-en;  2  theVpi-an.  I.  a.  Pertaining 
to  Thespis,  reputed  inventor  of  Greek  tragedy;  hence, 
tragic;  dramatic.    II.  n.    [Colloq.]     An  actor. 

Thess.,  abbr.    Thessalonians. 

Thes"sa-io'nl-iin,  l  fhes's-lO'm-en;  2  thea*a-16'nl-an,  u.  I. 
A  native  of  Thessalonica  (now  Salonlkl),  a  city  of  Mace- 
donia. 2.  pi.  liih.  Two  of  St.  Paul's  epistles  lo  the  Chris- 
tians of  Thessalonica.     Thes"sa-lo'iil-an,  n. 

Thes"sa-lo-iil'ra,  1  thcs"a-lo-ncii'k;t;  2  tbcs"a-lo-m'ca.  n, 
Same  as  Sai.iimki 

Thes'sa-ly,  1  thes'n-h;2  thes'a-ly,  re,  A  district  In  N.  Greece; 
4,7110  sq.  m.     Thes-sa'll-au,  "   A  n. 

The'tls,  1  thl'tis;  2  the'tis,  re,  dr.  Myth.  A  nereld,  the  mother 
of  Achilles,  who  made  tier  son  Invulnerable  by  dipping  him 
In  I  he  Styx,  Save  for  his  heel,  by  which  she  held  him. 

the'lir-gy,  1  thi'ur-ji;  2  thc'ur-i'.v,  n.  1.  The  production 
of  miraculous  results  by  divine  agency.  2.  Magical 
science  as  practised  by  means  of  invocations,  talismans, 
etc.  [<  Or.1- theos,  God,  |-  ergon,  work.]  the-ur'gle, 
the-ur'gl-cal,  ti.     Ihc-iir'gl-cal-ly.  adv. 

thew,  1  tniu;  8  thd,  n.  1.  A  smew  or  muscle,  especially 
when  well  developed;   he especially  in  the  plural, 

bodily  strength  or  vigor  '.  I .  Virtue!  commonly  plural. 
[<  AS.  theaw,  manner. I     (hew'y,  a.  Muscular;  strong. 


iti^  iii.     prCy;  hit.  i     i       ■  >  ■'>      tt,#r;  toll, rOle;  but,bOrnj 

ihr.i-ti  II  .        ,         ,     ,  what,  »11;        ■      i  (.        I  i     i         i  i  .1      ■  >■.  oi,  w6n,         SIMI 


i 

thick.    I 
t til.  k.    I 


i  in  \ . 

thick  | 

•      \  - 

'.'.   Ila\  mg  :i 

small; 

i. 

•  i  i-     4. 
.  inth    \\  it  h   .  il 
i.  r  con- 

I. 
; .         kins  quick- 

H.  'met;    muftli  'I. 

Ily;  intimate.      II.  m/r.    In 

Ij .  coagulated, 

Inspls- 

RLUNT 

(M<  k.  I .  penally,  the 

.'.  r  place  w here  an> - 

i-.  the  thick  uf  the 
i lin  k  In. nl  ".  \       .:       person;  numskull. 

thick  -kin'  :    i tii.-k  -kuii": .      thick 'lsh,  a     Some- 
thick  1y,  thick  ' ii « — .   ,     I.  The  state 
'.'.    n  e  dimension,  diameter,  or 
mn.>  .                      thai  Is  not  length  or  breadth,  whether 
muri.                  i  thick' ■ 
i                         -•.  thick  bod                   .'.  Bel  like 
thick 'set",  n.     I.  A  1 
'-'.     \  fustlan-IIke  fabric  having  a   nap 
Mill  k  skinned,          1.    Having   a   thick 
nsltlve  In  mind      2.  Pachydermatous. — 
till,  k  skulled,         Having  a  thick  skull;  dull;  stupid. 
thii  k  rn.  .                                             Po  make  or  i< 

thick  'en-Ins,  "•  1.  The  act  of  making 
or  be  .'.  -^imcthlng  added  t<i  a  liquid  to  In- 

I.   That  which  Is  thickened, 
thick  .  t.   .  2  thlkVt.  n,     A  thick  growth,  as  of 

.^rh  which  a  no!  easily  ef- 

,  thick.] 
tin.  I.  ».     [THIEVES,  1  thivz;2  thevs,  pi .]     1. 

illy  one  who  steals  furtively;  in 
law.  mmits   larceny;   also,    one   who   baa 

■  overreaching,  di  ceii .  etc, 
.t  which  cas  ;  time,  char- 

acter, etc.  4.  [Prov.]  A  projection  in  a  candle-wick 
that  causes  guttering.  [<  AS.  theof.  thief.]  SVIL:  Bee  BOB- 
BER. -  tlliel    e    ,     '    .V  '  Intake 

i  blei  'it->  ,  •,.    The  prai 

thlei  lsh,        i.   Addicted  to  thieving     'i.  act- 

i.  Partaking  of  the  nature  of  theft. 

-I).  -in--.  (historian:  statesman;  pn 

Thl. r«.     •    Ir         ec  Lonls  Adotphe    1797-1867).  A  French 

thlg,  ;  to  obtain,  aa 

I  nii:  'i;rr. 

thigh.  .  g  between  the  hip  and  the 

ling  portion  in  other  animals,    2. 

I  of  an  insect.     (  <  I  high.] 

thill,  1  Qui;  _'  thil.  7,.    On,-  of  the  shafte  of  a  vehii 

IS.  ti       ,  board  ] 
thiinhl  .■  .  .  •       .'hi;  2  thim'bl,  n.    1.  A  cap,  oi 

■  il,  worn  on  the  end  of  the  fin; 

2.  Hence,  any  device  of  similar  shaj  bal  ring 

ng  a  guard  over  a  loop  or  eve  on  a  sail.  etc.      (  < 
■a,  thumb.]  —  thlm'bl(e-ber"ry,  n.  The 
blackrasptx-  I  lte*nowered  raspberry.  —  t  lilm  '- 

■ie-llg",  ■    in  which  a  pea  or  ball  N 

I  about  from  or  of  three  Inverted  thimble 

shan-  is  a  means  of  cheating  at 

thlm   bl.-rlic".  I  ■.  . 

tlilm  b|e-rlii"icir. 
i  hin.    .  :  2  thin.     I.   rt.   <t  vi.     (thinned,  thind8; 

thin'nino  ]     To  make  thin  in  any  respect;  grov. 

II.  o.     (thi.n'ner;  thin'-. t -i.]     1.  Having 

very  close  to  each  other;  not  thick.    2. 

dnesa  or  plumpness  of  figure;  lean.    3. 

Having  the  component  part-  ..r  particles  scattered  or 

diffused;  sparse;  not  dense,  thick,  or  abundant :  rare.    4. 

Having  Little  substance  .».  Lacking  in 

esser  <;.  Not  deep  or  thick, 

asa-  III   .adv.  Thinly.  ne,  thin.] 

Srnj  (adjective)  see  fine;  gaunt:  usages. — thln'ly,  adv. 

thln'ness,  ».— thln'nlsh,  a.     Somewhat  thin.  — thin '> 

-klnned",  a.     Having  a  thin  skin:  hence,  easily  offended 

sensitive. 

thine,  1  thain;  2  thin,  *.     Of  or  belonging  to  thee 

■  in  poetry,  prayer,  etc.,  or  by  the  I  I 
(  <  A.>.  thin,  gen.  of  thu,  th«u.] 


ihiiig.  1  thin;  2  thing.  n      I.  ^ny  separable  or  distil 

able  objeel  ol  thought      2.    Inj   inanimate  sul 

.1.    \   ■>  i  bjoot,  appcaranoe,  or  oxistenoe  doI  known  or 

icd  bj  a  more  definite  name     4.  Any  objeol 

.  diminutive,    8,  A  matter 

,.r  oil  i  pat  tioular  objeol .  event,  or 

circumstani       6,  clothes,  espo- 

ciallv  outer  garmi  ;.  \  subjeol  .>t  property 

or  dominion,  as  distingui  bed   from  a  i"  i     ■•      8,    \ 

arable  portion;  bil      I-     AS.  thing,  thing,  cause.] 

thlnk'i  1   think;  2  think,  t.     (hum  OHTJ   i  mini.  in,.  |     I.  I 

l.  To  produce  or  form  by  mental  i 

change,  or  to  effect  m  some  way,  by  mental  operation; 

in  this  sense  followed  by  ••ut,  through,  i  tc     '.'.  I 

in   mind;  examine  mentally.     .1.  To  form  an   ad 

ideaol  l<  I  ill  to  mind;  remember;  recollect,  5.  To 
remark  mentally  0.  To  conceive  "I  as  a  thing  p 
or  probable.  7.  T"  hold  as  an  opinion;  believe.  8,  I  o 
propose  in  mind;  purpose,  II.  I  I.  To  exercise  the 
mind  actively  in  anj  way.  2.  To  recall  anything  i" 
mind;  exercise  recollection:  with  oj  oi  8,   Co  enter- 

tain a  particular  opinion,  sentiment,  or  feeling.  (  <  AS. 
thenean,  think;  cp.  thank,  n.j    8j  ider;  esteem; 

mi  -i.  B0PPOBK.     ihliik'er,  n      i bink 'lug.  n     I.  Mental 
action;  thought,    2.  The  product  of  such  action,  as  an  Idea. 
een in;  th ht     thlnk'lng-ly,  odi 

think*]  I'm  seem;  appear:  now  obsolete,  except  with 

the  pronoun  as  indirect  object  in  the  combinations 
metnlnks,  ihcIIidurIiI.    [<    \-  .  m.] 

(bird,  l  fhurd;  2  third.    I.  o.    1.  Next  in  order  after  the 

d.      '!.   I"  Lng  One  Of  three  equal  ]iarls,      II.  n.      1. 

One  of  three  equal  parts  ,,f  anything,    '!■  The  next  one 

after  the  seen  ml.    :t.  A  widow's  portion  of  her  d 

husband's  estate:  commonly  in  the  plural.  4.  A  unit  of 
time,  or  of  angular  measurement,  equal  to  the  sixtieth 

Of  a  second,  •'>.  Mil  The  interval  between  any  Holl- 
and the  next  note  but  one  above  it  on  a  diatonic  scale; 
known  as  a  major  third  when  such  interval  is  two 
whole  steps  or  degrees  of  the  staff,  and  as  a  minor  third 
wh.-n  it  is  a  step  and  a  half.  |  <  AS.  thridda,  <  threo, 
three  ]  -third  person  (Gram.),  the  person  or  thing  spoken 
of.  or  the  grammatical  form  Indicating  such  person  or  thing. 
— third '!>,  ndr.  [stable or  deputy  constable, 

third '=bor"ough,  1  Ch0rd'«hurro;  2  thlrd'«l>6r*o,  n.  A  con- 
thirl,  1  fhfirl;  2  thirl,  rt.  [Scot.]  To  enthrall;  also,  to  bind,  as 
byalease.  [<  thrall.] — thlrl'agp,  n.  Scots  Law.  A  form 
of  restrict  ion  upon  the  tenants  of  certain  lamls  obliging  them 
to  have  their  grain  ground  at  a  particular  mill. 
thirst,  1  tlifir-t;  2  thirst.  I'.  ,/  &  ii.  To  have  a  thirst 
for;  be  thirsty;  have  eager  desire:  usually  with  fur.  II. 
n.  1.  A  general  sen-ati.m  calling  for  relief  by  drinking; 
specif  ,  a  distressful  feeling  of  dryness  and  heat  in  the 
throat,  mouth,  and  stomach.  2.  Any  eager  desire  or 
longing.  (<  AS.  thyTSi,  thirst.]  Syn.:  see  APPETITE. — 
thirst 'y,  <;.  [TimtsT'i-Kit;  thihst'i-est.)  1.  Affected  with 
thirst.  '4.  Lacking  moisture:  parched.  3.  Kagerly  desirous. 
4.  Causing  thirst,  -thirst '1-Iy,  adv. — thirst 'l-ness,  n. 
thlr-teen',  1  fliur-tln';  2  thlr-tSn'.  I.  a.  Consisting  of 
one  more  than  twelve.  II.  n.  The  sum  of  ten  and 
bols  representing  it,  as  13  or  XIII. 
[<  AS.  threOtyne,  <  threO,  three,  +  tin,  ten.]-  thir- 
teenth'.  La.  1.  Third  in  order  after  the  tenth.  2.  Being 
one  of  thirteen  equal  parts.  II.  n.  1.  One  of  thirteen  equal 
parts,  'i.  The  next  one  after  the  twelfth. 
thir'ty,  1  fhur'ti;  2  thlr'ty.  I.  a.  Consisting  of  ten  more 
than  twenty.  II.  n.  [thtb'tieb2,  pl.\  The  sum  of  ten  and 
twenty;  also,  the  symbols  representing  it,  as  30  or  XX  X. 
[<  AS.lhrllio.  <  threi,  three.  +  -tig,  -ty1.]  —  thlr'tl-eth. 
\.  a.     1.  Tenth  In  order  after  the  twentieth    2.  Being  one 

of  thirty  equal  parts.     II.  n.      1.  One  of  thirty  equal  parts 
of  anything.     2.  The  tenth  in  order  after  the  twentieth. 
this,  1  tins;  2  this.    I. a.    (there,  pi.}  That  is  here  present: 
a  demonstrative  pointing  out  something  present,  near, 

or  nearer  than  something  else,  in  time,  place,  or  thought. 

/ '  Lb  the  correlative  of  that,  indicating  something  near- 
er in  place,  time,  or  thought,  while  that  indicates  some- 
thing more  remote,  II.  pron,  The  person  or  thing  here 
nt,  or  as  if  present,  or  to  be  exhibited.  III.  adv.  In 
this  way;  to  this  degree.    [<  AS.  thes,  masc.,  this,  neut.] 

'I  hi-  'he,  1  fhlz'bl;  2  thls'be.  n.  A  Babylonian  maiden  beloved 
by  Pyranius  Believing  her  slain  by  a  lion,  he  killed  himself, 
and  she.  finding  his  body,  ended  her  life.     See  Pyramus. 

thlS'tl  e',1  i  l.i-'l :  2  this'l,  u.  1.  ( tiie  of  various  vigorous 
prickly  plants  of  the  aster  family,  with  cylindrical  or 
globular  heads  of  tubular  flowers,  and  seed-  terminating 
in  a  long  bristly  pappus  known  as  thistle-down.  2.  One 
of  various  plant-  of  other  genera.  See  illus.  on  next 
page.  (<  AS.  thistel,  thistle.)  — thls'tly,  a.  Abounding 
in  or  resembling  thistles. 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    aU  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cfhin;    go;    O  =  sire0;    tihin,   this.  they 

801         2:wQlf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,  but,  burn;  oil,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this,        thrash 


thith'er,  1  thith'er;  2  thith'er.     I§.  a.     Situated  in  that 
place;  hence,  farther.    II.  adv.    1.  To  that  place;  in  that 
direction.       2.  To  that  end,  point,  or 
result.     [<  AS.  thidcr,  thither.]— thith'- 
er-ward,  adv.   In  that  direction,    thith'- 
er-wardsj. 

thlr.,  abbr.  Thaler.— Tho.,  Thos.,  abbr. 
Thomas. 

tho,  )  1  tho;  2  tho,  conj.  1. 

though, )  Notwithstanding  the 
fact  that.  2.  Even  if.  3.  And 
yet;  however.  4.  Neverthe- 
less. [  <  AS.  theah,  tho.]  Syn.: 
see  but;  notwithstanding. 

thole,  1  thol;  2  thol,  vt.  &  vt.  [Prov.  Brit.  & 
Obs.]  To  endure;  give;  afford.  [<  AS. 
tholian,  suffer.] 

thole,  1  thol;  2  th5l,  n.    1.  A  pin  serving 
as    a    fulcrum    for   an  oar  in   rowing. 
thole'=pin"t.     2.  One  of  the  two  han-  Common  or  Bull» 
dies  by  which  a  scythe*snath  is  held.  thistle. 

[<   AS.  thol,  pin.] 

Thom'as,  1  tem'as;  2  tom'as,  re.  I.  Bib.  That  one  of  the 
twelve  apostles  characterized  by  his  doubting  disposition. 
John  xx,  27.  Dld'y-mus?.  2.  George  H.  (1816-1870),  a 
United  States  general  In  the  Civil  War.  3.  T.  a  Kempis 
(1380-1471),  a  German  monk;  reputed  author  of  the 
Imitation  of  Christ.  4.  T.  the  Rhymer,  a  Scottish 
poet  (1225-1300).  T.  I  camion-  ;  T.  of  Erclldounet; 
T.  Keillor:. 

Thorn  'son,  1  tem'san ;  2  tom'son,  n.  1 .  James  ( 1700-1 748) ,  a 
Scottish  poet:  The  Seasons.     2.  Sir  William.    See  Kelvin. 

thong,  1  then;  2  thong,  re.  A  long,  narrow  strip,  properly 
of  leather,  as  for  tying  or  fastening,  or  for  a  whipdash, 
etc.    [  <  AS.  thwang,  thong.] 

Thor,  1  fher;  2  thor,  n.  Norse  Myth.  The  Scandinavian  god  of 
war,  thunder,  and  agriculture;  benefactor  of  men. 

tho 'rax,  1  fho'raks;  2  tho'rSks,  re.  [tho-ra'ces,  1  £ho- 
re'slz;  2  tho-ra'ceg,  pi.]  1.  The  part 
of  the  body  between  the  neck  and 
the  abdomen,  enclosed  by  the  ribs. 
2.  The  middle  region  of  the  body  of 
an  insect,  between  the  head  and  the 
abdomen.  3.  The  corresponding 
region  of  the  body  in  other  arthro- 
pods. [L.,  <  Gr.  thorax,  thorax.] 
—  tho-rac'Ic,  a.  Pertaining  to  the 
thorax. 

Tho'reau,  1  tho'ro  or  fho-ro';  2  tho'ro 
or  tho-ro',  Henry  David  (1817-1862). 
An  American  essayist  and  naturalist. 

tho'rl-a,  1  fho'n-a;  2  tho'ri-a,  re.    Chem. 

A  white,  very  heavy  compound,   con-    a.  b,  c.  sternum;  i,  coBtai 
sistlng  of  thorium  oxid.    [<  Thor.]         arob;  *,  co»t»l  cartilages;  <i, 

tho'rl-um,  1  fho'n-um;  2  tho'rl-um,  n. ?fl2L'i£&2££l 
Chem.  A  gray  element.    See  ELEMENT. »  foatSngribi 
[<  Thor.] 

thorn,  1  thorn;  2  thorn.  I.  vt.  1.  To  pierce  or  prick 
with  a  thorn.  2.  To  fasten  with  a  thorn.  3.  To  furnish 
with  thorns  for  any  purpose.  II.  n.  1.  Bot.  A  spine  or 
sharp^pointed  process  from  a  branch  which  is  indurated, 
leafless,  and  produced  into  a  point;  sometimes  one  of 
other  large  sharp  processes.  2.  Bot.  Any  one  of  various 
thorn=bearing  shrubs  or  trees,  as  the  hawthorn.  3.  Any- 
thing that  occasions  discomfort,  pain,  or  annoyance;  a 
vexation.  4.  The  Anglo=Saxon  letter  \);  also,  the  corre- 
sponding Icelandic  character:  equivalent  to  th.  Y  or  y  is 
sometimes  used  as  a  makeshift  for  it  in  early  English, 
as  in  the  contraction  ye.  [<  AS.  thorn,  thorn.] — thorn': 
ap"ple,  n.  Jimson-weed:  so  called  from  Its  spiny  capsule. — 
thorn'y,  a.  [tiiorn'i-er;  thorn'i-est.]  1.  Full  of  thorns: 
spiny.    2.  Sharp;  painful;  vexatious. 

thor'ough, )  1  fhur'o;  2  thor'o.    I.  a.    1.  Going  through 

tho'ro",  )  and  through;  marked  by  careful  attention 
throughout;  not  superficial;  hence,  complete;  perfect. 
2.  (ioing  or  extending  through,  in  a  literal  sense.  II.  re. 
Something  that  goes  or  extends  through.  [  <  AS.  thurh, 
through. |  Syn.:  see  radical. — thor'ouKli=bass",  1  .bes";  2 
•has",  re.  Mus.  1.  A  bass  part  accompanied  by  shorthand 
marks,  as  numerals,  below  the  staff,  to  Indicate  the  general 
harmony:  now  disused.  'I.  Loosely,  the  science  of  harmony 
or  the  art  of  harmonic  composition.  (hor'ough=base"t. 
— t.shraee,  re.  A  strong  leather  strap  extending  on  each  side 
Of  avehlcleand  supporting  tin-  body.  (.=  braced. n  thor'- 
ough-bred".  I.  a.  Bred  from  the  best  stock;  hence,  high- 
spirited;  courageous.  II.  n.  a  thoroughbred  animal:  said 
especially  of  Morses,  thor  'oiigh-go"lng,  n.  Very  thorough 
or  efficient.  Syn.:  see  radical.  —  (hnr'ougli-ly,  adv. 
ll.or'oiigli-iicss,  „  I.  ,,-,,  ,,|,  „  Perfectly  trained;  thor- 
oughgoing; accomplished;  as,  a  thor ou ah' paced  villain. 


Human  Thorax. 


thor'ough-fare", )  n.     1.  A  frequented  way  or  course; 

thor'o-fare"8,  J  especially,  a  road  or  street  by  which 
the  public  have  unobstructed  passage;  highway.  2.  A 
traveling  or  passing  through,  or  the  right  or  possibility 
of  doing  so.  3.  An  outlet  to  an  enclosed  place,  as  to  a 
court.  4.  A  place  through  which  much  traffic  passes. 
[  <  AS.  thurh,  through,  +  faru,  going.]    Syn.:  see  road;  way. 

thor'ough-wort",  1  thur'o-wurt";  2  thor'o-wurt",  n.  A 
stout  hairy  herb,  2  to  4  feet  high,  with  white  flowers, 
common  in  the  United  States  and  Canada,    bone 'sett. 

thorp ||,  re.    A  village  or  hamlet.    [AS.]    thorpei. 

Thor'wald-sen,  1  tor' weld-sen;  2  tor'wald-sen,  Albert  (1770- 
1844).    A  Danish  sculptor. 

those,  1  thoz;  2  thos.,  a.  &  pron.  In  present  use,  plural  of 
that.     [  <  AS.  thds,  pi.  of  thes,  this.] 

Thoth,  1  tot  or  thefh;  2  tot  or  thoth,  re.  Egypt.  Myth.  The 
god  of  wisdom,  inventor  of  art,  science,  speech,  and  letters. 

Thoth'mes,  1  tot'lor  fhofh'lmlz;  2  tot'[or  th6th']mes,  re.  Any 
of  several  Egyptian  kings  (1587-1328  B.  C). 

thou,  1  thau;  2  thou,  pron.  [thy  or  thine,  poss.;  thee, 
obj. ;  ye  or  you,  nom.  pi. ;  your  or  yours,  poss.  pi. ;  you, 
obj.  pi.]  The  person  spoken  to:  in  common  usage  super- 
seded by  the  plural  form  you,  accompanied  by  plural 
verb.     [<  AS.  thu,  thou.] 

though,  conj.    See  tho. 

( bought,  1  thet;  2  thot,  imp.  &  pp.  of  think,  v. 

thought,  re.  1.  The  act,  process,  or  power  of  thinking; 
loosely,  any  mental  activity;  reason.  2.  That  which  is 
produced  by  thinking;  a  concept,  judgment,  syllogism, 
etc.  3.  Specifically:  (1)  Sober  reflection;  serious  con- 
sideration. (2)  Collectively,  mental  activity  of  a  speci- 
fied kind;  a  current,  course,  or  kind  of  thinking.  (3)  An 
intention  not  fully  formed;  a  design;  purpose.  (4)  A 
memory;  recollection.  (5)  Solicitous  care  or  fore- 
thought; as,  take  thought  for  the  future.  4.  [Colloq.]  A 
very  small  amount  or  degree;  a  very  little;  a  trifle. 
[<  AS.  theaht,  <  thencan,  think.] 

Syn.:  cogitation,  conception,  conclusion,  consideration, 
contemplation,  deliberation,  fancy,  idea,  imagination,  judg- 
ment, meditation,  musing,  notion,  opinion,  reflection,  rev- 
erie, speculation,  study,  supposition,  thinking,  view.  See 
idea;  mind;  reflection.  —  thought'less,  a.  1.  Manifest- 
ing lack  of  thought  or  care;  heedless;  also,  giddy.  2.  Stupid. 
Syn.:  see  abstracted;  improvident;  imprudent. — 
thought  'less-ly,  adv.  —  thought  'less-ness,  re. 

thought  'fill,  a.  1.  Full  of  thought;  meditative.  2. 
Characterized  by  thought,  especially  for  others;  showing 
solicitous  care;  attentive;  considerate. 

Syn.:  attentive,  careful,  circumspect,  considerate,  heedful, 
mindful,  provident.  An  attentive  person  waits  upon  another 
to  supply  what  is  needed  or  desired.  A  thoughtful  person 
provides  in  advance  for  needs  and  wishes  not  yet  mani- 
fested. A  considerate  person  carefully  spares  another  all 
that  would  harm,  grieve,  or  annoy;  one  who  is  circumspect 
carefully  avoids  all  that  might  compromise  himself.  See 
prudent;  sedate. — Ant.:  careless,  gay,  giddy,  heedless,  inad- 
vertent, inattentive,  inconsiderate,  neglectful,  negligent,  reck- 
less, remiss.  —  thought'ful-ly,  adv.— thought 'ful-ness,  n. 

thou'sand,  1  thau'zend;  2  thou'gand.  I.  a.  Consisting 
of  a  hundred  times  ten.  II.  re.  1.  Ten  hundred;  loosely, 
a  very  large  number.  2.  The  symbols  1,000  or  M.  [< 
AS.  thusend,  thousand.]  —  thousandth.  I.  a.  1.  Last  in  a 
scries  of  a  thousand.  2.  Being  one  of  a  thousand  equal  parts. 
II.  n.    One  of  a  thousand  equal  parts. 

Thou'sand  Ik 'lands.  A  group  of  about  1,700  islets  in  an 
expansion  of  the  St.  Lawrence  river,  near  Lake  Ontario. 

thowe,  1  fliau;  2  thow,  v.  &  re.    [Scot.]    Thaw,    (how  ) . 

thow'less,  1  tlKiu'les;  2  thow'les,  a.    [Scot.)    Inactive;  lazy. 

[<   THEW  +  -LESS.] 

Thrace,  1  thres;  2  Ihrac,  re.     An  ancient  region  of  Indefinite 

extent  to  the  N.  E.  of  Macedonia.  [     (brall'er,  n. 

thrall,   1  throl;  2  thral,  Vt.     [Poet]     To  reduce  to  thraldom. 
thrall,  n.    1.  A  person  in  bondage;  slave;  serf;  hence,  one 

controlled  by  an  appetite  or  a  passion.    2.  The  condition 

of  slavery;   thraldom.      [<   AS.   thrxl,    <    lee.    thrall, 

thrall]     (hral'dom,    re.      Bondage;   servitude;      thrall '- 

dnmt,    Syn.:  see  bondage. 
(brang,  l  thrfin;  2  thrang.    I.  a.    [Scot.]    Occupied  fully; 

busv.  II.  re.  A  throng;  crowd.  [Var.  of  THRONG.]  thranget. 
(brail,  1  Ihrap;  2  thrftp,  Vt.    [THRAPPED*;  THRAP'PING.]    .Yin// 

To  bind  or  tie  on;  fasten  about.    [Var.  of  frup,  <  F.  /tapper, 

strike] 
thrap'ple,  ]  Chrap'l;  2  thrap'l,  re.  [Prov.]  Same  as  throttle. 
thrash  ,  l  (brash;  2  thrash,  v.    I.  (.    1.  [Colloq.]  To  beat 

forcibly,  as  with  a  stick  or  (lie  fists;  whip;  pummel.     2. 

Same  as  thresh,  I.,  1.    3.  Naut.  In  a  rough  sea,  to  Bail 

(a  ship)  to  windward.     II.  i.      I.  To  throw  oneself  about 

violently;  dash;  loss;  plunge:  usually  with  about,     '!. 
Same  as  thresh,  II.,  i     3.  To  labor  hard;  toil.   4.  Naut. 

To  make  to  windward  against  a  stilT  breeze.     [<  AS. 
therscan.\    Syn.:  seo  beat. 


i brasher 


<i-t;   fat.  fire;   fnit ;   gct.prfv;    lilt,  poller:   obey,  go;   not.flr;   full,  rule;  but,  liOrn; 
2.  an.  *|*\  l*i,  tar.-.  lA.it.  what,  nil;   me.  get.  prty.  fern;  111     i         i      0;  I    •  o;  gfl,  not,  oi  ,  »6n,     80S 


» Iir4»li   i  r  .        I  '  i  -lit  i.. 

I 
llirjsli  if1,*      A    I  \  » 

( lir  > i   l-i   il. 

Illlirli." 
ilir.i-M,n   I-,   ,l-l>. 
1  lir  i-    |  -lui   In-.      .  iQ  10a,      » 

■l  and  naval  rommai 
i  in- »« .  I.  or  wrench.    '•'. 

I  hr.m  ii,   pa,      [800(  I 

I.  \\  rrt. .■!•,!  .1    t«  |  ontrary. 

Ihr.iw    In  Ihr.i    it.irl 

ihri  ward,  thre'ward.  a.  [Scot.]  I.  Obstinate 

thread4,     I  thred;2  tared,  «     I.  t.    1.  To  furnish  with  a 

1 1 1  r.  d  .    |  .'.    fo  pick  oni 

.gh  or  over  by  careful  effort,  aa  U  intrioati 

3.   i  tiring  on  a  thread,  a*  beads     4.  To 

with  threads;  streak.    II.  i.    To  make 

i  bread  'or,  a, 

thread,  i  filament,  fiber,  or  fine  line 

iiiriii  .  |  i,  i  filament,  fiber,  or  fine  line  ol 

:t.   I  be  spiral  ridge  ol  a  acrew  ; 

turn  of  such  a  ridge.  4.  Figuratively  .  thai 

which  is  continuous  through  a  long  course;  as,  the 

■argument  \-  ■■    .  i,  <  thr&vxm,  twisl  1 

thrr.nl  ii.in".       1.  Worn  ao  that  the  threads  show,  aa  a 

garment      I.  Clad  In  worn  garments.     :i.  <  ommonplaoe; 

Brn  immi  s;  nun      threadlike", 

thread  *j :.      thread 'worm",  ?,.    a  threadlike  worm;  a 
■rni 
threap,  1  Chrlp;  ::  threp,  at.  <fc  rf.    (Prov.  Brit.]    To  contra- 
dict; dispute:  also,  to  lament:  complain. 
thr.  it.  •  1  (hret:2  thret.     I.  rf.  A  rf.    (Poet,  or  Archaic  1    To 

tiiret-.  II.  a  a  declaration  ol  an  Intention  to  Inflict 

AS.  thr, at,  <  thriOtnn.  Vex.] 
threat  'on.  1  throt'n;  8  thri-l'n.  P.     I.  t.     1.  To  inter  menaces 

■  >r  ti-  •.*.    i ..  be  menacing  or  dangerous  to    •'(. 

8  ominous  or  porteUtOUS  of.     4.  TO  announce  as  Bome- 
thltig  •  1.    II.  1.     1.  To  employ  threats.     '!.  To 

a  menacing  aspect. 
Siii.:  menace,     Threaten  is  applied  alike  to  vast   and 
trivial  matters;  menace  only  to  those  of  moment.     Dither 
persons  or  things  may  threaten;  menace  la  chiefly  used  of 
aa  or  of  things  personified.    <  toe  may  threaten  by  won! 
for  the  most  [lart  limited  to  actions  or  con- 
another  with  death;  he  menaces 
him  with  a  revolver.    Threaten  may  take  either  a  noun  in  the 
objective  case  or  a  verb  In  the  Infinitive  as  Its  direct  object; 
menace  takes  a  noun  only,  a  nation  threatent  to  fight;  it  mtn- 
aees  war.  or  mimic. i  another  with  war:  the  threatening  may 
be  by  official  or  public  utterance,  the  menacing  by  the  mass- 
armies.—  threat  'en-er,  n. — threat 'oil- 
ing, ;<•!.    -ly,  adv. 
t  hree,  1  tliri;  2  thrfi.     I.  a.    Consisting  of  one  more  than 
two.    II.  ".    1.  The  sum  of  two  and  one;  also,  the  sym- 
bols '.i  <,r  III      'i.  Any  group  of  three  persons  or  things. 
[<   AS.  ihrtO,  tlu-ee)  -three' Kleck"er,   n.     1.     A    vessel 
havi:  ka  or  gun-decks.      2.    By  exten 

structure  having  three  levels.  3.  IColloq.]   An  old-fa.xlimii.il 
pulpit,  built  In  three  stages.  — three'fold".     I.  a.  Made  up 
of  three;  triple.    II.  uc/r.     In  a  threefold  manner. — three '- 
ponce,    1   Qufpena  or  (collog.)    thrlp'ens;   2  thrCpenc  or 
-  P'cne,  n.     A  current  silver  coin  of  <  ;reat  Brit- 
arortfa   three   pennies  (about  6  cents),     threepenny 
lilt::     three'peii"n>.  a.     Worth  three  pennies;  hence,  of 
little  value       t. spiled,  a.     1.   Having  a  triple  pile  or  nap: 
said  of  velvet;  also,  figuratively.   8.  (  lad  In  or  wearing  such 
■i.  Pfled  In  a  set  or  sets  of  three.— 
t-pl).        ■  ting  of  three  weba  Interwoven,  ol  three 

la,  etc.  —  three 'score",  a.    Sixty. 
threat  ■  >-d>.  1  thren'o-di;  2  thrtn'o-dy,  n.     [-DIES*,  pi.]     An 
«  song  of  lamentation;  a  dirge.     [  <   dr.  thrlnOdla,   < 
ihrO.  thronei;  thron'ode;. 

threat),  .  [thbesheb;  thhebh'ing.] 

1. t.  1.  To  beat,  as  stalks  of  ripened  grain,  by  means  of  a 
flail,  a  machitie,  etc. ;  to  separate,  as  grain  or  seeds,  from 
■  •  :ts  thrash,  I.,  1.  II.  i.  1.  To 
Ix-at  out  grain,  etc.,  from  straw  or  husks.  2.  Same  as 
thra.-h.  II,  1.    [  <  AS.  therscan.] 

Thrash  and  thru ih  are  etymologlcally  the  same,  but  thresh 
'    need  for  the  beating  out  of  grain  and  thrash 
In  colloquial  senses. 

threshing,  ppr.  &  verbal  n.  —  thresh 'lng=flo<»r",  n. 

A  floor  or  area  for  threshing  grain. 

thresh 'er,   1   fhrerfb/ar;  2  threah'er,  n.     1.  One  who 

'.'.  A  machine  for  threshing  3.  A  shark  of  warm 

having  the  dorsal  lobe  of  the  tail  exceedingly  long, 

weapon,    thresh 'er*shark"t. 

thresh 'old,   1    threshold;  2  thresh'old,  n.     The  plank, 

stone,  or  the  like,  placed  beneath  the  door  of  a  building; 


,  an  entrance  or  a  Btartiag«point     [«    \s  thertcoM, 

I i ash  | 

threw,  I  thru  2  thru,  '"';>  ol  n ».  i 

thrice,  I  i.i  lire ■     St.  In  ,-i 

Ihreefold  manner;  honoe,  fully.  [<ME  thriee,  <  thrie, 

\  I  line  | 

thrld,  1  thrld; 2  tlirld,  M,  [thrid,dkd; tbrio'dini  ropa  ■ 
through  (something  narrow  or  tortuous);  thread.  [Var,  ot 
iiuu  to  ;    thrid •.  •.     i  bread. 

llirlfi,  l  thrift;  8  thrift,  n  1.  Care  and  wisdom  In  the 
management  of  one's  T,  ■_•.   \  flourishing,  con- 

dition; vigorous  growth,  aa  ol  n  plant,    8>  A  Bowei  ol 

the  north  temperate  ■ growing  on  mountains  and 

theseashore,  having  pink  or  white  heads,  4  5.  The  state 
of  one  who  thrives.  5.  [Prov  Eng  orScot.J  Effort:  oc- 
cupation; employ  men  i .    [<  Ioe,  thrift,  <  ti.i  I  fa,  thrive  ] 

Syn  :  gain,  profit,    prosperity.     See    rBUQAUTT.— thrift" 

stump,  n  One  of  several  money. saving  atampa  of  vari- 
ous values  thrift  'loss,  a  thrift '),  a  1 1  nun  i-'t-r.u; 
iiiiimi'i   i,i   ]      I.    Displaying   thrifl    or  good  management; 

eennomleal;  frugal     8.  Prosperous;  thriving,     8-  Growing 

vigorously    Syn.:  see  ruriuM-      thrift  'l-ly,  mti.     thrlft'l- 
noss,  ii       thrift  'less,  ,.,      •Ijr.arfl      -iiess,  n. 
thrill,  \  1   thril;  2  thru,  B,     I.  t.      L  To  permeate,  as  by 
thrll'i )  Something    thai    runs   or    vibrates    through,   pro- 
ducing a  sense  of  quivering  or  tingling;  cause  to  experi- 
ence a  keen  emotion.    2.  To  cause  to  tremble,    II.  <.    I. 
I  o  pervade  one  suddenly,  as  with  a  tremor  or  .surge  of 
emotion,  cause  a  quivering  actuation,    'i-  To  experience 
a  keen  or  exi | uisite  sensation;  have  stirring  emotion.    3. 
To  move  tremulously.     [<  AS.  tliyrluui,    <  thyrel,  hole  ] 
Syn.:  see  sit  ui: 
thrill',   ii.      1.   A   tremor  of  feeling  or  excitement.      '£.   A 

pulsation.    [<  AS.  thyrel,  <  V  of  TtinouaH.] 

thrill-,  n.    A  trill;  warbling.     [Var.  of  tkii.l  ] 

thrlps,  1  thrlps;  2  thrlps.  n.  A  small  Insect  destructive  to 
grain  and  plants. 

thrive,  1  £hraiv;  2  thrlv,  ri.     [throve,  rarely  thrivep; 
thriv'en,  rarely  thrivep;  thriv'inq]    1.  To  pro  pei 
be  successful.    '£.  To  grow  with  vigor.    [  <  Ice.  thrifask, 
thrlve.l     Syn.:  see  floubibh;  buccxed,  —  thrlve'less||,  a. 
Thriftless— thriv'en,  pp.  of  thrive,  p.-  thrlv'er},  n. 

thro*,  thro,  1  thru;  2  thru.  abbr.    Through. 

throat,  1  fhrot;  2  thrSt,  n.  1.  The  part  of  the  neck  in 
which  the  air-passages  and  gullet  are  contained.  2. 
The  pa.-s.ige  extending  from  the  back  of  the  mouth  to 
the  stomach;  also,  the  windpipe.  3.  An  inlet;  orifice. 
[<  AS.  throte,  throat.]— throat 'y,  a.    Uttered  In  the  throat. 

throb,  1  throb;  2  throb.  I.  ri.  [throbbep,  throbd8; 
thkoh'uini;.]  To  beat  rapidly  or  strongly,  as  the  heart; 
palpitate;  vibrate;  thrill.  II.  n.  The  act  or  state  of 
throbbing.  [ME.  throbben;  cp.  L.  trepidus,  restless, 
agitated.) 

throe,  1  fhr5;  2  thro,  rf.  &  rf.  [throed;  throe'ino.1  To  put 
In  agony;  suffer  agony. 

throe,  1  fhro;  2  thro,  n.  A  violent  pang  or  pain;  agony: 
said  especially  of  the  pains  of  death.  [<  AS.  thratv, 
affliction,  ■    thru/Iran,  afflict.]    Syn.:  see  agony;  i'ain. 

throne,  1  fliron;  2  tliron.  l.vt.&vi.  [throned;  thron'- 
CNG.l  To  place  or  seat  on  a  throne;  enthrone;  exalt.  II. 
n.  I.  A  monarch's  chair  of  state;  sometimes,  also,  the 
chair  of  state  of  some  other  dignitary,  as  a  bishop.  2. 
Royal  estate;  sovereign  power;  hence,  one  invested  with 
sovereign  power.  3.  [T-]  pi.  The  third  of  the  nine 
orders  of  angels  in  the  celestial  hierarchy.  [OF.,  < 
( Sr.1- thrones,  seat.] 

throne;,  1  fhrorj;  2  throng,  r.  1. 1.  1.  To  crowd  into  and 
occupy  fully.  2.  To  press  or  crowd  upon.  II.  i.  To 
collect  in  a  throng.    Syn.:  see  jam. 

throng;,  n.  1.  A  multitude  of  people  crowded  closely 
together.  2.  Any  numerous  collection.  [<  AS.  ge- 
thrang,  <  thrlngan,  press.] 

Syn.:  concourse,  crowd,  host,  jam,  mass,  multitude, 
press.  A  croud  Is  a  company  of  persons  filling  to  excess  the 
space  they  occupy  and  pressing  Inconveniently  upon  one  an- 
other; the  total  number  In  a  croud  may  be  great  or  small. 
Throng  is  a  word  ol  vastnesa  and  dignity,  always  implying 
that  the  persons  are  numerous  aa  well  as  pressed  or  pressing 
closely  together;  there  may  be  a  dense  crowd  In  a  small  room, 
but  ttiere  can  not  be  a  throng.  Host  and  multitude  both  Im- 
ply vast  numbers,  but  a  multitude  may  be  diffused  over  a 
great  space  so  as  to  be  nowhere  a  crowd;  host  Is  a  military 
term,  and  properly  denotes  an  assembly  too  orderly  for 
crowding.  Concourse  signifies  a  spontaneous  gathering  of 
many  persons  moved  by  a  common  impulse,  and  has  a  sug- 
gestion of  statellness  not  found  in  the  word  croud,  while  sug- 
gesting less  massing  and  pressure  than  Is  Indicated  by  the 
word  throng,    t  'ompare  ASSEMBLY;  COMPANY. 

throp'ple,  n.  [Scot.  &  Prov.  Eng]  The  windpipe  or  throttle. 

thr  OS 'tie,  1  Chree'l;  2  thrOs'l.  n.     1.  [Brlt.J  A  thrush,  aa  the 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    lfl  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sing;   €hin,  this. 
803     2:  wolf,  ds;  bot»k,  boot;  full,  rule,  cure,  but,  burn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


thrasher 
thwack 


song'thrush.    2.  Textile.  A  machine  for  twisting  and  winding 

fibers  from  roves.  [<  AS.  throstle,  throstle;  cp.  thrush1.  n.] 

throt'tle,  1  1  fhrot'l;  2  throt'l.    I.  vt.  &  vi.    [throt'tled, 

throt'P,    )  throt'ldp;  throt'tling.]  Tostoporobstruct, 

as  the  breath;  choke;  shut  off,  as  steam.     II.  re.     1.  The 

throat  or  windpipe.  2.  A  valve  closing  the  steam»supply 

pipe  of  an  engine.   throt'tle<valve{.  [Dim.  of  throat.] 

through, )  1  thru;  2  thru.     I.  a.     Going  from  beginning 

thru9,        J  to  end;  pertaining  to  an  entire  distance.     II. 

adv.    1.  From  one  end,  surface,  etc.,  to  or  beyond  the 

other.    2.  From  beginning  to  end.    3.  To  a  termination. 

4.  [Colloq.]  At  an  end;  as,  are  you  through?    III.  prep. 

1.  From  end  to  end,  side  to  side,  etc.,  of.    2.  Covering, 

entering,  or  penetrating  all  parts  of;  throughout.     3. 

From  the  first  to  the  last  of.    4.  In  the  midst  of;  hero 

and  there  upon  or  in.    5.  By  way  of.    6.  By  means  of; 

by  the  instrumentality  or  aid  of.     7.  On  account  of; 

because  of.     [<    AS.   thurh,   through.]     Syn.:   see   by. — 

through 'fare"t,  re.    A  thoroughfare.— through  '=go"lng, 

re.   [Scot.]  A  thorough  scolding.   t.=gaunt.— through'ly||, 

adv.    Thoroughly. — through-out'.     I.  adv.     Through  or 

in  every  part.     II.  prep.     All  through. — t.=stone,  re.     A 

stone  passing  entirely  through  the  thickness  of  a  wall. 

throve,  1  throv:  2  throv,  imp.  of  thrive,  v. 

throw,  1  thro;  2  thro,  v.    [threw;  thrown;  throw'ing.] 

1.  t.  1.  To  fling,  hurl,  or  cast  forth  or  to  a  distance  by 
force.  2.  To  cause  to  fall  or  tumble;  cast  or  hurl  down 
or  out;  overturn;  prostrate;  unhorse;  unseat.  3.  To 
drive  violently;  impel;  dash.  4.  To  spread  or  put  on 
hastily  or  carelessly.  5.  To  cast  or  fling  down  in  gaming, 
as  dice;  cause  to  fall  uppermost  in  such  a  cast;  as,  to 
throw  sixes.  6.  To  cause  to  move  quickly  into  a  posi- 
tion. 7.  To  divest  oneself  of;  cast;  shed.  8.  To  give 
birth  to;  bring  forth.  9.  To  direct,  as  the  eyes;  cast. 
10.  To  lose  purposely,  as  a  race  or  a  game.  11.  To  spin 
(filaments,  as  of  silk)  into  thread.  12.  Ceram.  To  shape, 
as  fictile  ware,  on  a  potters' wheel.  II.  i.  1.  To  send  an 
object  through  the  air  by  force;  hurl;  fling.  2.  To  cast 
dice.  [<  AS.  throwan,  twist.]  Syn.:  cast,  chuck,  dart,  dash, 
drive,  fling,  heave,  hurl,  launch,  let  fly,  pitch,  project,  pro- 
pel, sling,  toss.    See  send. — throw'er,  n. 

throw,  re.  1.  An  act  of  throwing  or  hurling;  a  cast;  a 
fling.  2.  A  cast  of  dice,  or  the  resulting  number;  hence, 
a  hazard;  a  venture.  3.  The  distance  over  which  a  mis- 
sile may  be  thrown.  4.  Mech.  The  travel  or  extent  of 
reciprocating  motion  obtainable,  as  from  a  crank.  5. 
A  scarf  used  for  draping  something,  as  an  easel  or  pic- 
ture«frame.  6.  An  implement  or  machine  by  which 
rapid  rotation  is  given:  an  old  name.  7.  Geol.  A  fault- 
ing, or  dislocation  of  strata.  8.  Elec.  The  sudden  ex- 
cursion of  a  magnetic  needle  when  the  force  is  suddenly 
changed.    9t-  A  space  or  point  of  time;  a  while. 

throw 'ster,  1  thro'star;  2  thro'ster,  n.  1.  A  thrower  of  dice; 
gamester.     2.  One  who  throws  silk.     See  throw,  v.,  I.,  11. 

thrum1,  1  thrum;  2  thrum.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [thrummed, 
thrumd8;  thrum'ming.]  1.  To  play  on  or  finger  (a 
stringed  instrument)  idly  and  without  expression.  2. 
To  drum  or  tap  monotonously  or  listlessly  on  (any- 
thing). II.  re.  Any  monotonous  drumming.  [<  Ice. 
lliruma,  rattle.] 

thrum2.  I.  vt.  To  cover  or  trim  with  thrums;  make  of 
thrums.  II.  n.  1.  The  fringe  of  warp=threads  remain- 
ing on  a  loom=beam  after  the  web  has  been  cut  off;  also, 
one  of  such  threads.  2.  Hence,  any  loose  thread  or 
fringe;  a  tassel.  3.  pi.  Coarse  or  waste  yarn.  4.  Bot. 
A  thread-like  organ  or  part  of  a  flower;  stamen.  [< 
Ice.  thromr,  edge;  cp.  L.  terminus.]    thrumbl. 

thrum 'my.  1  thnmi'r,  2  thrum'y,  a.    Made  of  or  with  thrums 
or  resembling  a  thrum;  shag- 
gy; rough. 

thrush1. 1  thrush;  2  thrush, 
(i.  A  small  migratory 
song'hird,  having  typically  a  long 
and  slightly  graduated  tail,  long 
wings,  and  spotted  throat0  and 
breast-feathers.  [  <  AS.  thrysce, 
thrush  ] 

thrush2,  n.     1.  A  vesicular  disease  of 
the  mouth,  lips,  and  throat:  generally  en 
lined  to  infants.      2.  A  disease  of  a  hors( 
foot  characterized  by  suppuration 

thrust,   1   thrust;    2  thrust,  v.     [thbust;  jj]ue Thrush. 

thhiiht'ing.)     I.  I.     1.  To  push  or  shove.  i/„ 

2.  To  pierce   with   a  sudden   forward  mo- 
tion:   with   with    before    the    name    of     the    iusl  iuni.nl 
used;  S3,   to  tlininl  one   with   a  lance.      II.  i.      To  make 

a  sudden  push,  as  with  a  pointed  weapon.  [<  Ice, 
thrysta,  thrust,.]    Syn.:  sec  dkivk;  push. 


thrust,  re.  1.  A  sudden  and  forcible  push,  as  with  a 
pointed  weapon:  distinguished  from  cut.  2.  A  vigorous 
attack;  sharp  onset.  3.  Mech.  A  stress  or  strain  tending 
to  push  a  member  of  a  structure  outward  or  side  wise; 
as,  the  thrust  of  an  arch.  4.  In  steam=vessels,  the  push- 
ing strain  exerted  by  a  propeller=shaft.  5.  Mining.  A 
crushing  of  coal=mine  pillars  by  the  weight  of  the  roof. 

Thu-cyd'i-des,  1  fhiu-sid'i-dlz;  2  thu-cyd'i-des.  (471?-399? 
B.  C).  An  Athenian  statesman  and  historian;  father  of 
historical  criticism. — Thu-cyd"I-de'an,  a.  After  the  man- 
ner of  Thucydides;  terse;  vigorous. 

thud,  1  thud;  2  thud.  I.  vi.  [thud'ded11;  thud'dinc] 
To  make  a  thud.  II.  n.  A  dull,  heavy  sound,  as  of  a 
hard  body  striking  upon  a  comparatively  soft  one;  also, 
the  blow  causing  such  a  sound.    [<  AS.  thydan,  press.) 

thug,  1  thug;  2  thug,  re.  1.  One  of  an  organization  of 
religious  assassins  in  India.  2.  Hence,  any  cutthroat  or 
ruffian.  [<  Hind,  thag,  thug.]— thug'gee,  n.  The 
system  of  secret  assassination  practised  by  thugs. 

Thu'le,  1  thiu'li;  2  thu'le,  re.    Same  as  Ultima  Thule. 

thu'U-um,  1  fhiu'h-um;  2  thu'li-um,  re.  Chem.  A  rare  metal- 
lic element.    See  element.    [<  Thule.] 

thumb, )  1  thum;  2  thum.    I.  vt.    1.  To  press,  rub,  soil, 

thum8,  J  or  wear  with  the  thumb  in  handling.  2.  To 
perform  with  the  thumbs;  hence,  to  play  or  handle  awk- 
wardly.    3.  To  operate  upon  with  the  thumb.     II.  n. 

1.  The  inner  digit  of  a  limb  when  set  apart  from  and 
opposable  to  the  others;  especially,  the  short  thick 
digit  on  the  radial  side  of  the  human  hand.  2.  Any  in- 
ner digit.  3.  Omith.  The  first  radial  digit  of  the  wing 
of  certain  birds.  [<  AS.  thuma,  thumb.]— rule  of 
thumb,  measurement  by  the  thumb;  hence,  a  primitive 
method,  rudely  practical,  rather  than  scientific— thumb's 
screw",  re.  A  screw  to  be  turned  by  thumb  and  fingers. — 
thumb 'screw",  re.  An  instrument  of  torture  for  com- 
pressing the  thumb  or  thumbs,  thumb'ie-klnst;  thumb'- 
l-kins  ; ;  thumb'klnt.— t.sstall,  re.  A  covering  or  sheath, 
as  of  leather  for  the  thumb. 

Thum'mim,  1  thum'im;2  thum'im,  n.pl.  SeeURiM.  [Heb.LL.] 

thump,  1  thump;  2  thump.  I'.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  beat  or 
strike  with  a  heavy  dull  sound.  2.  To  strike  or  beat 
with  moderate  force.  II.  n.  A  blow  causing  a  dull 
sound.    [Var.  of  dump,  v.]    Syn.:  see  blow. 

Thun,  1  tfln;  2  tun.  Lake  of.  An  expansion  of  the  Aar 
river  in  central  Switzerland;  10K>  by  2yz  m. 

thun'der,  1  ihun'dar;  2  thun'der,  v.  1. 1.  To  send  forth 
with  a  noise  suggestive  of  thunder.  II.  i.  1.  To  give 
forth  a  peal  or  peals  of  thunder:  often  impersonal.  2. 
To  make  a  deep  reverberative  noise.  3.  To  utter  ve- 
hement denunciation,  threats,  or  the  like.  4.  To  speak 
with  power.— thun 'der-er,  n. 

thun'der,  re.  1.  The  sound  that  accompanies  lightning, 
due  to  disturbance  of  the  air  by  the  electrical  discharge. 

2.  Any  loud,  rumbling,  or  booming  noise.  3.  A  startling 
denunciation  or  threat.  4||.  A  lightning=stroke;  thun- 
derbolt. [<  AS.  thunor,  thunder.]— thun'dcr-holt", 
n.  1.  An  electric  discharge  producing  lightning  and  thun- 
der, especially  as  striking  or  doing  damage.  '£.  Anything 
acting  with  the  force  and  speed  of  lightning.  — thun 'dcr- 
clap",  n.  A  sharp,  violent  detonation  of  thunder.-  thun- 
dercloud, re.  A  dark,  heavy  mass  of  electric  cloud. 
thun'der=dlnt"t,  n.     A  thunderclap— thun'der-ous,  a. 

1.  Producing  or  emitting  thunder  or  a  sound  like  thunder. 

2.  Awful  with  or  as  with  thunder;  awe-insplrlng.  thun  - 
drousl.  thun'der-ous-ly,  adi .— t.*showor,  n.  A  shower 
with  thunder  and  lightning.  t.sstonc,  n.  [l'rov.  or  Olw  ] 
1.  A  thunderbolt.  2.  A  belemnlte.  t.sstorm,  «.  A  local 
storm  accompanied  by  lightning  and  thunder,  thun  der- 
strlke",  Vt.  1.  TO  Strike,  as  with  lightning,  i.  To  amaze  or 
confound  as  with  some  terrible  revelation.-  t.=stroket,  n. 
A  stroke  of  lightning      thun'der-struck",  a.    Amazed. 

Thlir.,  Thurs.,  nbhr.    Thursday. 

thu'rl-,   1   fliiii'ri-;  2   thfl'ri-.      From   Latin  HWM   ilhiir-).   in- 
cense' a  combining  form.— thu'rl-blc,  re.    Keel.    A  censer. 
-    thu-rlf'er-ous,  a.     Yielding  or  bearing  incense.     [        I 
fero.  bear.]— thu'VI-n-ca'tlon,  re.     The  act  Ol  burning  In- 
cense.   [+  \..facio,  make.] 

Thu-rlii'gl-a,  1  thiu-rln'ji-n;  2  thfi-rln'gl-a.  n.  A  region  In 
central  Germany,    Thu-rln'gl-an,  a.  &  n. 

Thurs 'day,  I  thOra'di;  2  thurs/dy,  n.  The  tirtii  day  oi 
the  week.  [<  as.  thunres,  gen.  of  thunor,  thunder,  I 
dteg.tUiy.]  ,       ..  , 

thus,  l  thus;  2  thus,  odii.  [Now  restricted  to  literary  ana 
formal  style,  and  in  ordinary  use  superseded  by  so.J  l. 
I,,  this  or  that  way.     (1)  In  the  way  uow  or  .herewith 

,„,„,,,,]  „ut  or  exemplified.  t  -'  I  In  the  way  just  in.  li- 
oated  (3)  In  the  way  about  to  be  indicated  v.  10 
such  extent     8.  In  these  oiroumstanoes  or  condition     id 

this  case.     I  <  AS.  QlU8,  thus,    <  thrs.  this] 
thwack,  1  thwak;  Sthw&k.    V.vt.    lo  strike  with  some- 


tlm.irt 
linn- 


I    <i  ii   •      fat.  far*;    fa  |  .         tkH,  potto*!    olwy.  gfl;   not,  Or;   full.  rOlc;   hill,  bOrn; 

2.  art.  ftp*,  tat,  fare,  list,  what,  nil;  rue,  get,  prey.  fBrn;  hit,  loe;  I     8;  I     B;  gIV,  n6t,  Or,  won, 


stll 


n 


Ilm.irl    . 

I  1m>  in  . 

Ui».irt  . 

llirt.iri 

thwart    .  I      > 

tin. 


\  blow  »iili  tome  flat  i>r 

i    \\  IU.  K    | 

.  ■  I  In-  10- 

ti.  b\  int.  tp.. -m. mi.  foil     I  < 

Xs-    Ihoftr.) 

ling  athwart  •  boat . 
•  Ion 

ralnst 

■  lining  to  i  hi  e    used  in 

II1NI    i       (Ii)-mII  '. 


'  i  in*  second  person  singular: 

■■ 
i  -  i.  ..  ■.  . 

1  lii-.»    I. -in.  IhM'-l.'.iit    li.iii.|ll.l.    :i    .atltillial 

l  !i> rate  in  n->. -no  .     blood-feud 
t  li >  n i«-.  '  u»  aromatic  underahrub,  cul- 

Gl   '  '  '  tliymmi,   < 
I  In  in    \  .  (Il>  III   oil* 

th>  iiiuii,i  ih.iiiir  \  ductless  gland  of  the 

nrcK  in  mat  i  mon,  thyme.] 

Ihj  roM,  1  lhal'rold .  ■_•  thj  1.  Shaped  likes  Bhleld. 

;.  R  lining  to  the  thyroid  cartilage  or  the  thy- 

roid gland,    3.  Baying  ;i  shleld-ehaped  marking.    1      Or 

. 

Hm  re-old        thyroid  cartilage.    1.  in  birds, 

a  oartllage  ol  the  larynx,    8.  In  man.  the  idam's  apple. — 

t.  gland.  :i  large  ductless  organ  .•(  the  mouth,  as  In  Bahes. 

Uirr'sm,  .  s;2  thyr'sos,  ».    [tbtr'si,  1  -sal; 2 -si,  /)/.] 

The  Bacchic  wand;  :i  stall  wreathed  In  ivy-  and  vine-leaves, 

bomc  by  the  bacchanals.    [L.)  [Arbitrary  var.  ofsi.j 

ti.  1  ti.  8  ti.  •.    w  .     in  the  tonic  sol-fa  system,  same  ss  bi. 

Tl..  Tit.  .  «rtus 

tl-a'ra.  .  ti-u'ru;  2  U-4'ra  or  ti-ii'ra,  n.     1.  The 

a  triple  crown      'i.  A  head-dress;  coronet.     [< 
1 1  'ai      Poet.]. 
Titer,  1  barber;  2  tTner,  n.  a  river  ol  central  Italy;  length 

j  14  m  from  the  the  Mediterranean  sea. 

Tl-ix-'rl-a*.   1  t.n-i.i'n-..s;   2  B-be'rl-as,  n.   Bio.  I.  A  city  ol 

:.  Sea  "f.  s  lake  in  Galilee,  11  bj  8  m. 

Tl-h.-'rl-u-.  1  uil-bl'n-us;  2  U-t>c'rl-us.  TIImtIus  Claudius 

Hew  Csbsst    12  B  1      \   11  37    Second  emperor  of  Rome. 

Tl-i>.t',  1  ti-lM't'  or  tlbVt:  2  tl-bet'  or  tib'et.  n.    A  southwest- 

Iwnendency  of  China;  463.200  s<i.  m.:  pop.  2.000.000; 

I'I-ImI  .111.      .v         Thl-bet'ant. 

tlh'l-a.  1  tib'l-e;  2  tlh'i-a,  n.     \-je  or  -as1,  pi]     1.  The 

ne  of  the  two  bones  of  the  leg  below 

the  knee;  the  shin-bone.    'i.  A  pipe  nr  flute 

provided  with  holes  for  the  fingers.     [L.l — 

tlbl-al.  a. 

Tlluir,  1  tal'bur:   2  trinjr.  n.    Modern  Tlvoll. 

Beat  of  worship  of  Hercules.    Tl'by-rls;. 
tic,  1  tik;  2  tie.  n.     Spasmodic   twitching  of 
muscles.      [F.]  — tlo'=dou"lou"reut',   1  tik'- 
du'lu'rO';    2   tlc'-du"lu*ru'.   n.     Neuralgia  of 
with  muscular  twltchlngs.     [F.] 
Tl-el'no,   1  tl-cnl'no;  2  ti  \  river  of 

50  m.;  battle.  218  B.C. 
tick  .  1  tik;  2   tik.  if.  i  11.     To  sound,  as  a 
make  a  clicking  sound  or  a  tapping 
noise.      [Imitative.]  —  tlfk'er,     n.       One 
who  or  that  which  ticks.      Specifically:   (1)  „,  abuU;t.  uw». 
[Colloq..    L'.    B.]     A    telegraphic    receiving- 
instrument. especlallyastock-lndlcator.  <2>  [Slang. 1  A  watch. 
tick  .         1.  A   mark  used  in  checking  off  something.    2. 

lning  sound  made  as  by  a  watch  or  clock. 
licit1!  irious  blood-sucking  parasites  that  in- 

the  skin  of  animals.      [<  OD.  teke,  <  V  of  TAKE.] 
tl«K  ,         1  r  covering  of  a  mattress;  material 

ich  covering.     [<  Or.1-  thikS,  case.]     lick'ingj. 
tick*,  n.   [Colloq. 1  Credit;  trust.     [Short  for  TICKET.] 
ticket.  2  •  2  MkV-t.    IK it.    To  fix  a  ticket  to;  label. 

II.  n.     1.  A  card  with  words  or  characters  on  it  showing 
that  the  holder  is  entitled  to  something,  as  transporta- 
tion.   2.  A  tag  or  lalx-1  for  attachment  or  identification. 
3.  [I".  BJ  A  ballot;  hence,  a  list  of  nominees.     [<  F. 
ttlquote,  label.   <  G.  sleeken,  stick.]  — tlck'et=por"ter,  n. 
-nt.J  A  licensed  porter. 
tick 'I  e»,  1  tik'l;  2  trk'l,  r.    [tick'lie)dp;  tick/ling.]    1. 1. 
1.  To  excite  the  nerves  of,  as  by  light  and  repeated 
touches,  tending  to  produce  spasmodic  laughter.    2.  To 
please;  amuse.     II.  »".     To  cause  or  experience  titilla- 
r  tingling.     [Intent,  of  tick,  t  ]— tick'ler,  n.— 
tlrk'll-h, '/     1.  Sensitive  to  tickling.     2.  i.iableto  beupset; 
unstable.     3.  Attended  with  risk;  difficult;  delicate,    -ly, 
nil',    -ness,  n. 
tickle,  a.  [Prov..  f;t.  Rrit.]  Ticklish:  uncertain;  delicate, 
tlrk'le,  n.     The  sensation  produced  by  tickling;  titlllatlon; 

also,  the  touch  or  action  producing  such  sensation 
tick 'seed",  1  tik'sid";  2  tik'sed".  n.    1.  a  plant  of  the  aster 
family.    2.  Same  as  tick -trefoil. 


1 1.  k  1  iik",  1  iik'tak'.  2  nk'ti\k.  n  1.  a  reourrenl  sound  tike 
thai ..( the  tloklng  of  ■  clock  or  the  beating  ol  the  heart  4t. 
like  backgammon 

tick  ire'i.iii.  1  uk'-trTfolt;  2  tik'-irO'Mii.  n,  A  tabaoeoua 
plani  "ii.is.'  loaves  and  pods  cling  to  the  Dseoa  ol  animals 

11111I  to  Clothing,     tlrk'seed":. 
Tl-eiin"iler-iru:i,    1     Ml  Its  I  '    II  -n'mMiToVa.    n 

Town,  northeastern  Now  \.irk.   Port  Tloonderoga  was  cap- 
tured from  French  bj  HriiMi.  i. -.'i.  b]  i  than  Ulan,  1776. 
1. 1.  ii..  ,iMir.    1 1  [three  Umei  ■  day). 

Mil  'lilt",  ■:      Same  as  in  m  I 

tide1,  i  told:  2  tnl  I.  vt  a  m  [hd'hd4;  rxs'cfa.]  To 
.  an  it  buoyed  up  by  the  tide;  to  aurmount,  u  ■ 
ihilieiiit  \ ;  followed  by  tntr.  II.  n.  1.  The  periodic  rise 
and  fall  of  the  oceans  and  the  waters  oonneoted  «iili 
them,  due  to  the  attraction  ol  the  sun  and  moon  'J. 
Inytning  thai  oomes  like  the  ii«le  at  flood;  also,  a  our- 
I'.iit :  stream.  S.  Time;  season,  as  in  the  phrase  lime 
and  tide,    4.  The  natural  .Irilt  or  tendency  ol  events 

5,  \  definite  interval  ol  time;  in  nautical  use,  a  period 
ol  about  ii  hours  and  12  minutes  the  average  interval 
between  high  and  low  water  in  the  open  .sea  [<  AS. 
t\ti.  time]  Syn.:  see  btrram.  tl'ilal,  a.  I.  Pertaining  to 
or  Influenced  by  the  tides    ■».  Regulated  by  the  tide . -  tidal 

WSVe,       I.    A    Wave  Ol    vast   extent    that    causes  the    tides. 

'i.  improperly,  any  extraordinary  ocean  wave  attributed 
to  submari arthquakes:  used  also  figuratively,    tMe'< 

«:ni'";.  tlde'less,  a.  tlde'»alt"er,  n.  1.  A  customs 
officer  who  hoards  vessels  entering  port,  to  enforce  cus- 
tom* regulations,  'i.  a  politician  who  waits  for  a  current  of 
public  sentiment  to  determine  Ills  action.  tlde'«wa"ter,  n. 
Water  affected  bv  t lie  tide  on  tho  seacoast  or  In  a  river. 

tide-t,  n.    To  betide;  happen.    [<  AS.  ndan,  <  ad,  time.] 

li'ilings,  1  tui'diijz;2  ti'ding?,  n.  pi.  A  report  or  informa- 
tion; news.     [  <  AS.  t&dan,  happen.] 

Syn.:  advice.  Information.  Intelligence,  news.  News  Is 
the  most  general  of  these  words,  signifying  simply  the  telling 
of  something  that  has  either  just  happened  or  Just  become 
known.  Aili  (rev  are  communications  of  fact  by  a  trusted  In- 
formant with  the  design  of  guiding  or  influencing  the  action 
of  the  recipient;  the  word  signifies  m  irs  with  a  practical  pur- 
ixxse  and  value.  Inttllii/i  na  is  n<  us  that  makes  us  more  In- 
telligent regarding  something  of  interest.    See  news. 

tl'dy,  1  toi'di;  2  ti'dy.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [ti'died;  ti'dt-inu.] 
[Colloq.]  To  make  tidy;  put  in  order.  II.  a.  [ti'di-er; 
ti'di-est.]  1.  Marked  by  neatness  and  order;  trim.  2. 
Of  an  orderly  disposition.  3.  (Obs.  or  Colloq.]  Moder- 
ately large;  considerable.  III.  n.  [ti'diehz,  pi.]  A  light 
and  detachable  covering,  as  for  a  chair-back.  [  <  tide, 
n.l     Syn.:  see  neat.— tl'dl-ly,  adv.— tl'dl-ness,  n. 

tie,  1  tai;  2  ti,  v.  [tied;  ty'ing.J  I.  t.  1.  To  fasten  by 
any  flexible  bond,  as  a  cord;  bind;  lash.  2.  To  form  a 
knot  in.  3.  To  unite  closely;  attach.  4.  To  restrain; 
confine.  5.  To  bring  to  a  tie,  as  a  vote.  6.  Mus.  To 
unite  or  connect,  as  notes  by  a  fine  or  tie.  II.  i.  To  be 
exactly  equal  in  any  contest.  [  <  AS.  teaan,  tie,  < 
Icon,  draw.]    Syn.:  see  bind. 

tie,  n.  1.  A  flexible  bond  or  fastening,  as  of  cord.  2.  Any 
bond  or  obligation.  3.  An  exact  equality  for  and  against, 
as  in  a  vote.  4.  Something  that  is  tied,  or  that  ties  or 
binds.  5.  A  member  fastening  parts  together  and 
lei  riving  tensile  stress,  as  distinguished  from  a  strut. 

6.  Afus.  A  curved  line  connecting  two  notes  on  the 
same  degree  of  the  staff  to  make  them  represent  one 
tone-length,  slurj.  7.  pi.  [U.  S]  Low  shoes  fastened 
with  lacings.  8.  One  of  a  set  of  timbers  laid  crosswise, 
as  a  railroad-tie.  [<  AS.  t'me,  rope,  <  teon,  draw] — 
tle'sbcani",  n.  A  timber  that  serves  as  a  tie. — tle« 
wig,  n.    A  court  wig  tied  with  ribbon  at  the  back. 

Tl"en'  Shan',  1  tPen'  Shun';  2  ti"en'  shan'.  A  mountain 
chain  In  central  Asia;  highest  point    Khan  Tengrl,  24,000  ft. 

Tl-en'tsln',  1  tl-en'tsln';  2  ti-en'tslu',  n.  A  city  and  treaty 
port  in  N,  E.  China;  pop.  800,000. 

tier1,  1  tir;  2  ter,  n.  A  rank  or  row  in  a  series  of  things 
placed  one  above  another.    [  <  OF.  tire,  course.] 

tl  Vr=,  1  tal'ar;  2  tl'er,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  ties;  specifi- 
cally, a  child's  apron  (written  also  tire). 

tier.,  nbbr.    Tierce. 

tierce,  1  tlrs;  2  tere,  n.  1.  Mus.  A  third.  2.  A  cask  con- 
taining, in  the  United  States,  42  wine=gallons:  in  Great 
Britain,  36  imperial  gallons.  3.  A  cask  for  packing  salt 
provisions  for  shipment.  4.  Card'playing.  A  sequence 
of  three  cards  of  the  same  suit.  5.  Fencing.  The  third 
standard  position  from  which  a  guard,  parry,  or  thrust 
can  be  made.      [F.,  <  (OF.)  Hers,  third.] 

Tl-er'ra  del  Fu-e'go,  1  tl-er'a  del  fu-e'go;  2  ti-er'a  del  fu-e'- 
-everal  Islands,  belonging  to  Chlleand  to  the  Argentine 
Republic,  In  South  America;  separated  from  the  mainland 
by  the  Strait  of  Magellan. 

tiff',  1  tif ;  2  tlf,  vt.    To  be  In  a  pet;  be  peevish. 


l:a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    a\i  =  out;    oil; 
805        2: wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but 


lu  =  feud;    rfhin;    go;    n  =  sing;    fhin,   this. 
,   bQrn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


thwart 
time 


tiff1,  re.    A  peevish  display  of  irritation;  a  slight  altercation; 

pet;  huff.    [<  Norw.  leva,  sniff.) 
tiff,  n.       A  small  draft  of  liquor;  a  sip;  drink.     [Appar.   < 

Norw.  tseft,  drawing  a  breath,  <  leva,  sniff.) 
tif'fa-ny,  1  tif'a-m;2  tif'a-ny,  n.  [-niesz.  pi.]  Asilk=likegauze; 

formerly,  a  very  thin  silk.     [Perhaps  <   OF.  lijjcr,  adorn.) 


Midday  lunch 
[pop.  303,000. 

The  capital  of  Transcaucasia; 

1.  A  large  carnivorous  mam- 


Bengal  Tiger. 


tiffin,  1  tif'in;  2  tif'in,  n.     [Anglo=Ind.] 
eon.     tiffing}:. 

Tl-flls',  1  ti-flls';  2  ti-flis',  re, 

ti'ger,  1  tai'gar;  2  tf'ger,  n 
mal  of  Asia,  with 
vertical  black  wavy 
stripes  on  the  body 
and  black  rings  or 
bars  on  the  Limb 
and  tail.  2.  One  of 
other  large  fero- 
cious cats,  as  the 
jaguar.  3.  A  liv- 
eried groom.  4. 
[Colloq.]  A  roistering  knave.  5.  [Slang,  U.  S.]  An 
additional  cheer  or  yell  sometimes  given  at  the  conclu- 
sion of  a  round  of  cheering.  [<  Gr.  L+F  tigris,  per- 
haps <  O.  Per.  tlghri,  arrow.)  —  tl'ger=cat",  re.  A  wildcat, 
resembling,  but  smaller  than,  the  tiger. — ti'ger-lsn,  a. 
Like  the  tiger;  ferocious,  ti'grlsht. —  t.slily,  re.  A  tall 
cultivated  lily  from  China,  with  orange  flowers  spotted 
purple  or  black. — (moth,  n.  A  graylshsyellow  moth 
with  black  markings. — tl'gress,  re.     A  female  tiger. 

tight,  1  tait;  2  tit,  a.  1.  So  closely  held  together  or  con- 
structed as  not  to  permit  the  entrance  or  escape  of  a 
fluid;  not  leaky;  impervious.  2.  Closely  drawn  or  fast- 
ened; stringent.  3.  Fitting  closely — often  too  closely, 
as  a  shoe.  4.  Stretched  to  the  full  extent;  taut.  5.  In 
commercial  use,  not  easily  obtainable:  said  of  money. 
6.  Hard  to  get  through  or  out  of.  1.  [Colloq.,  U.  S.j 
Parsimonious.  8.  [Colloq.]  Tipsy.  [  <  Ice.  thettr; 
akin  to  thick.]— tight  rope,  a  tightly  stretched  rope  on 
which  ropesdancers  perform. — light  'en,  vt.  &  vi.  To  make 
or  become  tight  or  tighter. — tlght'ly,  adv. — tight'ness,  n. 

tights,  1  taits;  2  tits,  re.  pi.  Skin=fitting  garments,  as  of 
silk,  worn  on  the  stage. 

Tlg'lath=Pl-le'ser,  1  tig'lath=pi-li'zar;  2  tlg'lath=pl-le'ser,  re. 
One  of  several  Assyrian  kings  and  conquerors.  Specif..  (1) 
T.  I.,  12th  century  B.  C.  (2)  T.  IV.,  founder  of  the  second 
Babylonian  empire;  took  Damascus,  732  B  C.  S  Kings  xv, 
29.     Tig'lath=pil-ne'ser;  a  Citron,  v,  26). 

tl'grln(eB,  1  tai'gnn;  2  ti'grin,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  resembling 
a  tiger,  as  In  color.     [<  L.  tigrinus,  <  tigris,  see  tiger.] 

Ti'grls,  1  tai'gns;  2  tl'gris,  n.  A  river  of  Mesopotamia,  1,150 
m.  from  the  Taurus  range  to  the  Euphrates. 

tike,  1  talk;  2  tik,  n.  [Prov.]  1.  A  low=bred  dog;  a  cur.  2.  An 
uncouth  fellow;  a  boor.    [<  Ice.  Ilk,  bitch.)    tyket. 

til'bur-y,  1  til'bar-i;  2  tll'bur-y,  n.  A  form  of  gig  seating 
two  persons.     [  <  Tilbury,  a  London  coach=maker.] 

til'de,  1  til'di;  2  til'de,  n.  A  sign  (")  used  In  Spanish  over  n  to 
signify  the  sound  of  nv,  and  in  Portuguese  over  the  first 
vowel  of  a  diphthong  to  Indicate  a  nasal  sound. 

Til'den,  1  til'den;  2  til'den,  Samuel  Jones  (1814-1886). 
An  American  statesman;  Presidential  candidate  in  1876. 

tile,  1  tail;  2  til.  I.  vt.  [tiled;  til'ing.]  1.  To  drain  by 
tiles.  2.  To  cover  with  tiles.  3.  To  secure  against  in- 
trusion. 4.  To  bind  to  secrecy.  II.  re.  1.  A  thin  piece 
of  baked  clay  used  for  covering  roofs,  floors,  etc.  2.  A 
short  earthenware  pipe,  used  in  forming  sewers.  3. 
Tiles  collectively;  tiling.  4.  [Slang.]  A  high  silk  hat. 
[<  AS.  tlgel,  <  L.  tegula,  <  lego,  cover.]— til  'er,  re.  1.  The 
doorkeeper  of  a  Masonic  or  other  secret  society,  tyl'erl. 
2.  A  kiln  or  oven  for  baking  tiles.  3.  A  maker  or  layer  of 
tiles.— til'ing,  re.     Tiles  collectively,  or  their  use. 

till,  1  1  til;  2  til,  vt.     To  put  and  keep  in  order,  as  soil; 

til1*,  J  cultivate.  [  <  AS.  tilian,  labor,  till.]— till 'a-hl («'', 
a. — tlll'age,  re.     Cultivation.     Syn.:  see  agriculture. 

till',  re.  Geol.  An  unassorted,  commingled,  and  Chiefly  un- 
stratifled  mass  of  clay,  sand,  pebbles,  and  boulders,  de- 
posited by  masses  of  ice.    f  <  Scotch  till,  a  clay.] 

till2,  re.  A  drawer,  compartment,  or  tray;  a  moneydrawer. 
[<  AS.  ty'lan  In  /orHyllan.  lead  aside.]  '  [tilt. 

till,  prep.     To  the  time  of;  up  to;  until.     [<  lee.  til,  till.] 

till,  conj.     Till  such  time  as;  until. 

tiller,  1  tll'ar;  2  til'er.  vi.    To  multiply  stems  from  the  root. 

till '<T',  1  til'ai;  2  til'er,  re.     Ono  who  or  that  which  tills 

till'er2,  n.  1.  A  lever  to  turn  a  rudder.  2.  A  means  of 
guidance.     [  <  AS.  tyllnn  in  fnr-lyllan,  lead  aside.] 

tiller3,  re.  A  shoot  from  the  lm.se  of  a  stem;  sucker;  also,  a 
sapling.    T<  AS.  tclgor.  twig.] 

Tll'ly,  1  tll'i;  2  til'y,  Joliann  Tserklaes,  Count  von  (1559- 
UY.V2).     A  (ierman  general  in  the  Thirl  v  Years'  war. 

Tll'.slt,  1  tll'sit;  2  tll'sit,  n.  A  town  In  E.  Prussia,  where  Napo- 
leon concluded  a  treaty  of  peace  Julv  9,  1807. 

tilt1,  I  tilt;  2  tilt.    1*.  vt.  &  vi.    1.  To  raise  at  ono  end  or 


[  <  F.  Hm- 


side;  tip;  slant;  lean.  2.  To  aim  or  thrust,  as  a  lance; 
contend  with  the  lance.  II.  re.  1.  An  inclination  from 
the  vertical  or  horizontal  position;  slant.  2.  A  medieval 
sport  in  which  knights  engaged  in  mock  contests  with 
lances.  3.  A  thrust,  as  with  a  lance.  4.  A  match  of 
wits.  [<  AS.  tealt,  unsteady.)  Syn.:  see  tip. — tllt'er,  re. — 
tilt'=ham"mer,  re.  A  heavy  power»hammer  that  is  raised 
or  tilted  by  a  cam  and  then  allowed  to  drop. — t.=yard,  re. 
A  courtyard  or  other  place  for  tilting. 

tilt2.  Id.  vt.  To  furnish  with  an  awning  or  tilt.  II.  re.  Acan- 
vascoverorawning.usedasforaboat.     [<  AS.  teld,  tent.] 

tilth,  1  tilth;  2  tilth,  re.  1.  The  act  of  tilling;  cultivation; 
tillage.  2.  That  part  of  the  surface  soil  affected  by  till- 
age; cultivated  land.    [  <  AS.  tilth,  <  tilian,  till.] 

Tim.,  abbr.    Timothy. 

tim'bal,  1  tim'bal;  2  tim'bal,  re.    A  kettledrum. 
bale,    <    It.  timballo,  taballo,    <   Ar.  tabl, 
drum.]     tim'bul   . 

tim'ber,  1  tim'bar;  2  tim'ber,  n.  1. 
Wood  suitable  for  building  purposes, 
prepared  for  use.  2.  Growing  or  stand- 
ing trees;  also,  woodland.  3.  A  single 
piece  or  squared  stick  of  wood  prepared 
for  use  or  already  in  use.  4.  Naut.  Any 
principal  beam  in  a  vessel's  framing.  5. 
The  wooden  part  or  handle  of  any  im- 
plement. [<  AS.  timber,  timber.]  Syn: 
see  stick. — tim'bered,  pa.  1.  Covered 
with  growing  trees;  wooded.  2.  Con- 
structed of  timber.  —  tim'ber-er,  n. — 
tim'ber-ing,  re. 

tim'bre,  1  tim'bar;  2  tim'ber,  n.     The 

special     peculiarity     of    a    continuous  TlmDalsas  llged 
sound  or  musical  tone,  as  ot  the  human       Dy  Arabs 
voice;  the  quality  oi  a  tone,  as  distin- 
guished   from    intensity  and  pitch.      Sometimes  called 
tone=coior.     )<  F.  timbre,  bell,   <   L.  tympanum,   <  Gr. 
tympanon,  drum.) 

tim'brel,  1  tim'brel;  2  tim'brfil,  n.  An  ancient  Hebrew 
tambourine=like  instrument.  [  <  F.  timbre,  bell.] — 
tim'breied,  a.  Chanted  to  the  accompaniment  of  a  tim- 
brel,   tlm'brelledt. 

Tlm-buk'tu,  1  tlm-buk'tu;  2  tlm-buk'tu,  re.  A  trading  town 
of  French  Sudan,  on  S.  edge  of  Sahara  desert;  pop.  6,699. 

time,  1  taim;  2  tlm,  vt.  &  vi.  [timed;  tim'ing.]  1.  To 
adapt  to  the  time  or  occasion.  2.  To  regulate  as  to 
time,  keep  time.  3.  To  record  the  time  or  rate  of.  [< 
AS.  tlma,  time.) — tim'er,  n. 

time,  re.  1.  The  general  idea,  relation,  or  fact  of  continu- 
ous or  successive  existence;  infinite  duration  or  its 
measure.  2.  A  definite  portion  of  duration.  (1)  A  mo- 
ment ;  period ;  season.  (2)  A  considerable  period  marked 
off  by  some  special  characteristics;  era.  (3)  The  portion 
of  duration  allotted  to  some  specific  purpose,  as  to  hu- 
man life  or  to  an  apprenticeship.  (4)  A  portion  of  dura- 
tion available  or  sufficient  for  or  allotted  to  some  special 
purpose  or  event;  also,  leisure.  3.  Indefinite  duration 
viewed  in  the  concrete  as  measurable  and  terminable, 
but  not  precisely  limited;  as,  you  build  for  time,  we  for 
eternity.  4.  A  point  in  duration;  date;  occasion;  espe- 
cially, the  hour  of  death  or  of  travail;  as,  your  time  has 
come!  5.  A  system  of  reckoning  or  measuring  duration. 
6.  A  case  of  recurrence  or  repetition.  7.  Gram.  The 
temporal  relation  of  a  verb.  8.  Mus.  (1)  Rate  of  move- 
ment; tempo;  hence,  the  characteristic  tempo  suited  to 
a  particular  style  of  composition;  as  march'time;  waltz- 
time.  (2)  The  duration  or  comparative  value  of  a  tone. 
(3)  The  division  of  musical  phrases  into  measures  of 
equal  length  in  regard  to  the  value  of  the  notes;  rhythm; 
as,  common  time;  triple  time.  9.  Pros.  A  measured  in- 
terval in  verse.     10§.  Futurity;  after»times;  all  tin" 

Syn.:  age,  date,  duration,  epoch,  era,  period,  season,  se- 
quence, succession.  Sequence  and  succession  apply  to 
events  viewed  as  following  one  another;  linn  and  ihiration 
denote  something  conceived  of  as  enduring  while  events 
take  place  and  acts  are  done.  According  in  the  necessary 
conditions  of  human  thought,  events  are  contained  In  time 
as  objects  are  In  space,  lime  existing  before  the  event, 
measuring  It  as  It  passes,  and  still  existing  when  the  event  Is 
past.  Duration  and  succession  are  more  general  words  than 
time;  we  can  speak  of  Infinite  or  eternal  duration  or  sums- 
sion,  but  time  is  commonly  contrasted  with  eternity.    Timt 

is  measured  or  measurable  ilnnilinn.  See  opportunity. 
— tlme'ful,  a.  -ly,  adv.  —  tlme'«honwored,  u.  observed 
or  honored  from  former  times;  claiming  veneration  as  of 
long  existence.  Syn.:  see  am  n  vr.  Ilme'keep"er,  n.  <  >no 
who  or  thai  which  keeps  time,  tlmc'lcss,  n .  I.  Inde- 
pendent of.  or  unaffected  by,  time;  unending.    2.  Untimely. 

Syn.:  see  ETERNAL,      tlme'less-ly,  mlv       ( imc'lcss-iicss.  n. 

— ilmc'ly,  a.  [time'li-kk;  timk'li-kst.]  Being  or  occurring 


limit! 

I  nii-l- 


>      I         I  i         i       •.        . ,.      .»\  «v :  fu  :.  r&Ie;  but,  bftrn; 

4*1.    »ll»t.,|  t     .  . ■:.    l'If».    lOril.    I    I        II  I  ..         ,,        n:,    »|'l[l,  SIM! 


l»«rlun«- 
lllll.-   I>  .  Mm.     pl<  • 


Illlli'    1 1  - 1  ■  • —  . 

\  ,     '.v   iti'll 

(lln  .1,1     ,|, 

.■!■•  (.' 

'UK.  A  I       l.llile.  V 

I  III-    ill- 

lliii  lit.  Shrinking  from  danger  or 

ll-lllld- 
M>  .  Ilin  I.I- lit —  llin   lil-l>  . 

I  i-in..  Ir-on,  \  •  .  ■  ■ 

I I  mon,  Whcntan  nf  the  r> 1 1 1 

I  ■  ro  of  Shakespeare's 

iini  arsons,  .  Fearful  of  dan- 

Syn.:  -,-.-  ri  -ni  immmi  - 

(llll    nr-ull"  It.  fill!  '•>r-Iill  —  IK . 

Mm  i.-di> .  8   Hin'.-iliy.  a.      A   perennial 

nson,   who  took   tl 
is  about  1730     ilin  'o-thj 
gr»»»":. 
i  lui  .-i  h> .        i  i  ireek  parentagi 

-  I     >.  i  Ither  ol  two  pastoral 

i  mi. 'tin .  know n  u  l 

inn. ih.         (Timothy.    TVmo'the-tu]   t Cor. xvl,  10). 

mi.  1  .  •!     [tinned,  tin:  I    1,  To 

■ '-r  with  tin-plate     3.  To  incase 

II.        L.  A  white  malleable  metallic  ele- 

found  in  nature  chiefly  in  combination.    Bee  i  i  i  - 

-'•  lati      3.  \n  article  of  tinware. 

v-     •■   tin       tinfoil".  .     Tin  or  alloy  made  Into  foil. 

(In 'man.  der  In  tinware,    tlnn.  m  . 

tin  -mil  h"  : .      llnii).  Pertaining  in.  composed  of,  or 

iln'  |il:iii-*'.  n.    Sheet  Iron  plated  with 

tin.-  tln'i>p»-",  •;    A  photograph  taken  on  a  sensltlied  Dun 

supported  on  a  thin  sheet  of  enameled   Iron—  tin '» are", 

n      Household  articles,  collectively,  made  of  tin-plate. 

tin  a-mou.  1  tln'a-mo:  2  tln'a-mu.  n.     A  South- American 

game  bird  resembling  a  <juail.    [K  ] 
tln'ral,   1   tln'kal;  2   tlo'cal.   n.     Com.     Native  borax.     [< 

.'.  <  Sans,  lankana,  borax]    tln'kal:. 
tln'chel.  1  tln'chel:  2  tln'chel.  n.     [Scot  ]     A  drive  of  deer. 

|<  f.ael.  tlmchloll.  around]    Hn'elilll:. 
tlnn.  l  Uokt:2Uoct.    I*,  rt.    To  tinge:  tint.    II.  a.    Slightly 

!     III.  n.    A  tint.    (  <  L.  ttncJus,  pp.  of  lingo,  stain.] 
tlnrt.,  after.    Tincture. 

ilin -I.,  rl-jl,  1  tlnk-to'n-dl:  2  tloc-to'ri-al.  a.     Of  or  pertain- 
ing to  color  or  hue:  affording  or  Imbuing  with  tint  or  color. 
tinctorial.  <  L.  linctorius,  <  tlnau  ,'seeTINi  I 
Hue   lure,  1  tink'chur  or  -tiur;  2  tlnc'chur  or  -tur.     I.  rf. 
Itixc'tired;  tin<  'tl-r-ing  ]    To  imparl  a  .-light  hue  or 
to;  imbue;  flavor.    II.  n,     1.  A  solution,  usually 
alcoholic,  led  in  medicine      '.'. 

r;  tint.    3.  A  slight  flavor  superadded;  modi- 
cum; spice,    4.  That  i>art  of  a  substance  which  is  ex- 
ai      ->.  Her.  One  of  the  two  metals, 
■1  hi  heraldic  description. 
tnaura.  <  tinctus,  pp.  of  lingo,  stain  ] 
tin'der,  1  tin'dor;  2  tln'der,  n.     A  highly  inflammable 

.rreil  linen  that  will  ignite  On  contact 

uith  a  .-park:  formerly  carried  in  a  metallic  box     lin'- 

aV  I  hoi  with  a  flint  and  steel.    |  <  AS.  tynder.] 

tin  'der->,  a.    I.sllke:. 

tine,  1  tain;  2  tin.  n.    A  spike  or  prong,  as  of  a  fork  or  of  an 

antler.    [  <  AS.  tlnd.  prong.]  —  tlned,  a. 
tln'e-a,  1  tln'i-a:  2  tln'e-a,  n.     1.  A  variety  of  moth  having 
generally  simple  antennae  and  long  fore  wings.    2.  Pathol. 
<rm,  moth.] 
ting,  1  tin;  2  ting      I.  at.  &  *t    To  give  forth,  or  cause  to  give 
forth,  a  tlru-      II.  single  high  metallic  sound,  as  of  a 

small  bell.    [Onon. si  link:, 

tinge,  1  »;nj;  2  ting.    I.  r(.    [tinged;  tinge'ing]    To  im- 
■vith  a  faint  |  r  or  with  a  slight  foreign 

II.  n.     1.  A  faint  trace  of  added  color.     2.  A 
quality  or  peculiarity  imparted  by  a  foreign  element. 
Syn_-  see  stain. 
tin'gl  e1-,  1   tin'gl;  2  tin'gl.     I.  ri.     [ti.n'gi.(e)dp;  tin'- 
gli.n.,1    'I  or  produce  a  tingle.    II.  r».     1. 

A  prickly,  -tinging  sen-  ;.    '.  jingle  or  tinkling. 

Hii'gler,  n      Hn'glNhl.a. 
linker.    .    ■  :,k'or;  2  tlrjk'er.     I.  r(.   St  ri.     To  mend  or 
r;  work  in  makeshift  fashion.    II.  n. 
I-  a  of  domestic  utensils  ol  i 

■■  act  of  roughly  repairing.    9.  One  of  various 
or  ■  r   of  ting.] 

lin'kl  ep,  1   tir/kl;  2  tlrj'kl.     I.  rf.  &  ri.     [TT^-'KL^E)D^ 
in'.  )     1.  To  give  or  qb  i  iiek,  slight, 

metai  '.'.  To  tingle    II.  p»,  A  -harp,  clear,  tin-  I 

khng  sound.    |Intens.  of  tint,  ting.]  —  tln'kllng,  n. 


(Inkier.   1    tinkler.    2  tinkler,  n       I.  |ITov.   Kng  |  A   tinker: 

.  noil 

•  in    -el.     !  1.   it       |  I  in'-i  I  I  o    . 

-lllll'.      IIN-ltf".      IIS-ll      l\..     ..1       IIN-II      I    INI,    |         I. 

loi  ii  or  >!•  oorate  »  1 1 1 ■  i  u  '  .  n  n  metallic 

iipi"  II.  Of  I 

qualities;  superficially  brilliunl  III.  n  I.  Thin  glit- 
tering I'M  -  ..I  metal  or  thread  used  to  ornnmeni 

irnes,  etc,      -.    \  fabric  thus  ornamented.     :i.  Su- 
perficial adornment  i     ■       ...  spai  k  ] 
(ln(.  1  tint :  2  tin!      I  .          1.  To  give  o  tinl  to;  til 

/  fol   rm  a  tint  upon.     II.  n      1 .  V  slight  oolor; 

tinge;  huo,    ?.  Engrav,  \n  ofTect  "i  light,  shade,  texture, 

produced  bj   the  spacii  >i  by  hatohing. 

I      II  PP.  Of  I  -''.II  .-IMS 

lln' llli-li. ill  il-lilin.     1     1 1  ri "  1 1  - 1 1 .- .  t . '  \  1 1  1 1  >  n  i .    %    tln'tl-tiali'Mi- 

iiiin.  n.  i-i.a.  ;i/.|  ,\  bell,  especlaU]  s  small  unkiing  or  ilg- 
nallngbell,  |i...  -  Hntinno  ring       Hn"Hii-nair- 

u-lar.  .;  i  baracterlsed  by  ringing  or  tinkling,  a*  of  hells. 
(In  "llii-nairii-laiil.  -I:i-r>,  or  -loil-t-      Hn"(ln-iiah"li- 

la  'Hon.        \ :      inkling. 
Ttnto-ret'to,  1  Un'to-ret'o;  :.'  lin'to-rft'o,  11  (1818  1694  , 

i  he  popular  name  of  Glacomo  Robustl,  a  Venetian  painter. 

Il'ny,  1  tui'tn:  S  U'ny,  o.     [ti'ni-br;   uM-i-i  ]     Very 

small;  minute:  often  pleonastically  with  little;  as,  a 

tin;/ hull  thing,    (•  'rig.  'fn-tful,'  <  AS.  teOna,  trouble.] 

-M  M.I. 

-don.  tfflx.  \  termination  denoting  act,  state,  or  agent;  as, 
temptation.     I  <    F.  -Hon,  -con,   <    L.  -fto(n-),  a  sulrlx  of 

abstract  nouns.] 
-Hous,  suffix.    Termination  or  adjectives  corresponding  to 

nouns  In  -lion;  as.  amblHOus.    |  •     I  I.,  -ttosvs,  •(- 

-"i  -:  or  directly    <    L.  -CflU,  -tiu.s.] 
tip',  1  tip;  2  tip,  r.     I.  t .     1.  To  cause  to  lean  by  lowering 

or  raising  one  end  or  side  of;  cant;  tilt.     'i.  To  strike 

lightly,  or  with  something  light;  tap.    -'I.  [Colloq.j  To 

give  a  small  gratuity  to.  4.  [Slang.]  To  give  secret  in- 
formation to,  as  in  betting  and  speculating.  II.  t.  1. 
To  lean  over  to  one  side;  cant  :  tilt.  'i.  To  bestow  gifts, 
as  on  a  servant.     [  <  Sw.  lippa,  strike  gently.] 

Syn.:  cant,  careen,  heel,  heel  over,  incline,  lean,  list,  slant, 
slope,  tilt.  To  lilt  or  lip  Is  to  throw  out  of  a  horizontal  posi- 
tion by  raising  one  side  or  end  or  lowering  the  oilier;  tin- 
words  are  closely  similar,  but  Hit  suggests  more  of  fluctua- 
tion or  instability.  Slum  and  slope  are  said  of  things  some- 
what tlxeil  or  permanent  In  a  position  out  Of  the  horizontal  or 
perpendicular;  the  roof  slants,  the  hill  slopes.  Incline  Is  a 
more  formal  word  for  tip,  and  also  for  slant  or  slope.  To 
cant  is  to  set  slantingly;  In  many  cases  tip  and  cant  might  be 
interchanged,  but  tip  Is  more  temporary,  often  momentary; 
one  tips  a  pall  so  tliat  the  water  flows  over  the  edge;  a 
mechanic  cants  a  table  by  making  or  setting  one  side  higher 
than  the  other.  Careen,  heel,  heel  over,  and  lixt  are  used  of 
vessels  which  from  any  cause,  as  leakage,  shifting  of  cargo, 
etc.,  are  off  an  even  keel.  jthe  tip  of. 

tip2,  rt.    1.  To  furnish  with  or  form  into  a  tip.    2.  To  cover 
tip1,  n.    The  point  or  extremity  of  anything  tapering;  end. 

[Akin  to  top',  n.\    Syn.:  see  end. 
tip2,  n.    I.  A  gift  of  money,  as  to  a  servant.    2.  A  friendly 

helpful  him .  3.  A  tap.  4.  A  dumping>ground, 
Tlp"pe-ea-ni»e',  1  tlp"i-k»-nu';  2  tip"e-i  a-no',  n.  A  river  In 
X.  W.  Indiana;  length,  200  rn.  to  the  Wabash  river;  scene 
of  General  Harrison's  victory  over  the  Indians,  Nov.  7,  1811. 
tip'pet,  1  tip'i-t;  2  tlp'et,  n.  1.  An  outdoor  covering  for 
the  neck,  or  neck  and  shoulders,  hanging  well  down  in 
front.   2.Ashoulder»scarf  W'orn  by  e.  i  3.  A  ruff 

of  feathers  on  birds,  etc.    [  <  Gr.     AB  lapis  (tapil-),  rug.] 
f  ip'ple, )  1  tip'l;  2  tlp'l,  v.   [tip'pled,  tip'ldp;  tip'pi.i.ng  ] 
tip'lp,     )  I.  t.     1.  To  drink  or  sip,  as  alcoholic  beverages, 
frequently.     2.  To  bring  under  the  influence  of  liquor, 
II.  i.    To  sip  often;  to  drink  alcoholic  beverages  habit- 
ually.     [  <    Xorw.   tipla,  tipple.]  —  tip 'pie,  n.      Liquor 
consumed  In  tippling.  —  tlp'pler,  n. 
tip'.stalf",  I  1   tip'stdf";  2  tlp'.-taf",   n.     1.  [tip'stah-s", 
tipStaf"1",  )  pi.)  (1)  In  England,  a  sheriff's  subordinate; 
bailiff;  constable.      (2)  A  court-crier.     2.  [tip'stavks", 
pi.]  A  staff  having  a  metal  tip:  a  badge  of  office.     [< 

TIPPED  +  STAFF.] 

tlp'ster,  1  tip'star:  2  tlp'ster,  n.  [Slang.]  One  who  sells  tips 
for  betting,  as  on  a  race. 

tip's}',  1  tip'si;  2  tlp'sy,  a.  [tip'si-er;  tip'si-est.]  Be- 
fuddled with  drink;  hilarious;  hence,  swaying;  unsteady. 
[<  tip1,  r]  tlp'seyj.—  tlp"si-n-ca'tlon§,  tl. — tlp'sl-ly, 
adv.— tlp'sl-ne— ,  n 

tip'toe",  1  tip'to";  2  tlp'to".  I.  r/.  To  walk  on  tiptoe;  go 
lightly  and  slyly.  II.  ».  1.  The  tip  of  a  toe,  or  the  tips 
of  all  the  toe-  collectively.  2.  Topmost  height;  also, 
ahrtness  of  expectation:  usually  in  the  phrase  to  be  on 
tiptoe,  to  be  eagerly  expectant.  III.  adv.  On  tiptoe, 
in  any  sense. 


807 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle; 
2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full, 


au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;_n  =  sinff;    Chin,   this. 
rule,   cure,    but,   bOrn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


timid 
tmesis 


tlp'=top',  1  tip'=tep';  2  tlp'«t6p'.  [Colloq.l  I.  a.  Best  of  Its 
kind.  II.  n.  The  highest  point  or  degree;  the  very  top. 
III.  ad'\    in  a  tip=top  manner. — tlp'»top'per,  n. 

Ti-pu'  Sa'hib,  1  ti-pu'  sa'hib;  2  ti-pu'  sa'bib  (1753-1799).  A 
sultan  of  Mysore:  fought  against  the  British,  1775-1779. 

ti-rade',  1  ti-red'  or  toi'red;  2  ti-rad'  or  tr'rfid,  n.  1.  A 
prolonged  declamatory  outpouring,  as  of  censure.  2. 
Mus.  A  diatonic  run,  filling  the  interval  between  two 
notes.    [F.,  <  It.  tirata,  pulling,  <  tirare,  pull] 

tire1,  1  tair;  2  tir,  v.  [tired;  tir'inc]  I.  t.  1.  To  reduce 
the  strength  of,  as  by  toil ;  weary ;  fatigue:  used  with  out 
to  denote  complete  exhaustion.  2.  To  reduce  the  pa- 
tience of,  as  with  tediousness.  II.  i.  To  become  phys- 
ically or  otherwise  jaded.  [  <  AS.  teorian,  tire,  be  tired.] 
Svn.:  exhaust,  fag,  fatigue,  harass,  jade,  wear  out,  weary. 
To  lire  is  to  reduce  one's  strength  in  any  degree  by  exertion: 
one  may  be  tired  just  enough  to  make  rest  pleasant,  or  even 
unconsciously  tired,  becoming  aware  of  the  fact  only  when  he 
ceases  the  exertion;  or,  on  the  other  hand,  he  may  be,  ac- 
cording to  the  common  phrase,  "too  tired  to  stir";  but  for 
this  extreme  condition  the  stronger  words  are  commonly 
used.  One  who  is  fatigued  suffers  from  a  conscious  and 
painful  lack  of  strength  as  the  result  of  some  overtaxing; 
an  invalid  may  he  fatigued  with  very  slight  exertion;  when 
one  is  wearied,  the  painful  lack  of  strength  is  the  result  of 
long=continued  demand  or  strain;  one  is  exhausted  when  the 
strain  has  been  so  severe  and  continuous  as  utterly  to  con- 
sume the  strength,  so  that  further  exertion  is  for  the  time 
impossible.  One  is  fagged  by  drudgery;  he  is  jaded  by  in- 
cessant repetition  of  the  same  act  until  it  becomes  increas- 
ingly difficult  or  well=nigh  impossible;  as,  a  horse  is  jaded  by 
a  long  and  unbroken  journey.  See  wear. — tired,  pa.  -ly, 
adv.  -ness,  n. — tlre'less,  a.  Proof  against  fatigue;  untiring. 
Syn.:  see  indefatigable,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. — tlre'some, 
a.  Tending  to  tire,  or  causing  one  to  tire;  tedious.  Syn.:  see 
tedious;  troublesome;  wearisome,   -ly,  ado.   -ness,  n. 

tire2,  vt.    To  furnish  with  a  tire;  put  a  tire  on. 

tire3,  vt.    1||.  To  attire;  dress;  adorn.    2f.  To  get  ready. 

tire4,  v.  1. 1.  To  rend  and  devour;  draw;  pull.  II.  i.  1.  To 
prey.  2.  To  be  preoccupied;  dote;  gloat.  [<Goth.LL+p 
tatran,  tear.] 

tire1,  n.  1.  A  band  or  hoop  surrounding  the  rim  of  a 
wheel.  2.  A  flexible  tube,  as  of  inflated  rubber,  set  in 
a  rim  and  protected  by  an  outer  covering:  used  on  auto- 
mobiles, etc.,  to  reduce  vibration.     [<  tie,  v.]     tyre^. 

tire2,  re.  A  tiara;  head=dress.  [Short  for  attire.] — 
tlre"=val'Iantt,  n.    A  woman's  head=dress. 

tlre'wo"man||,  1  talr/wu"man ;  2  tlr'wp"man.  n.  A  lady's- 
maid,  as  in  a  theatrical  dressing=room.  tIr'lng=wo"manf. 

tir'ing5room"||,  1  tair'in«rum";  2  tIr'ing=room",  n.  A  dress- 
ing-room, especially  in  a  theater.    tir'lng=house"t. 

tlrl,  1  turl;  2  tirl,  v.  I.  4.  1.  To  unroof;  unclothe;  hence,  to 
strip;  lay  bare.  2.  To  twirl  or  twist.  II.  i.  To  make  a  rat- 
tling noise;  also,  to  vibrate;  quiver;  waver.    [Var.  of  twirl.] 

Tlr'pltz,  1  tir'plts;  2  tir'pits,  Alfred  P.  Frederich  von  (1849- 
).    Grand  Admiral  of  the  German  navy. 

'tis,  1  tiz;  2  tl§.    It  is:  chiefly  poetic. 

TIs"sa-pher'nes,  1  tis"8-fur'nlz;  2  tis'a-fer'neg,  n.  A  Persian 
satrap;  395  B.  C. 

Tis"sot',  1  tTso';  2  tl'so',  James  Joseph  J.  (1836-1902).  A 
French  painter  of  Bible  subjects;  Life  of  Christ,  1896. 

tis'sue,  1  tisVu;  2  tish'u.  I.  vt.  [tis'sued;  tis'su-ing.] 
1.  To  form  into  tissue.  2.  To  clothe  or  decorate  with 
tissue.  II.  n.  1.  Biol.  One  of  the  elementary  fabrics 
of  which  an  organ  is  composed,  formed  by  cells  and  their 
products  arranged  in  a  definite  manner.  2.  Any  light 
or  gauzy  textile  fabric;  originally,  cloth  interwoven  with 
gold,  etc.  3.  A  connected  or  interwoven  series;  chain; 
fabrication;  as,  a  tissue  of  falsehoods.  4.  Tissue-paper. 
[<  F.  tissu,  <  tissu,  pp.  of  llsser,  <  L.  texo,  weave.]  —  tis'- 
sued, pa.  1.  Clad  in  tissue.  2.  Variegated.  —  Us'sue* 
pa"per,  n.     Very  thin,  unsized,  almost  transparent  paper. 

TIs'za,  1  tl'so;  2  ti'sa,  Stephen  (1855-  ).  A  Hungarian 
statesman;  Premier  of  Hungary. 

tit1,  1  tit;  2  tit,  n.  1.  ( )ne  of  various 
small  birds,  as  a  titmouse,  titlark, 
etc.  2.  A  small  horse.  [<  Ice. 
littr,  little  bird]  IH'lark",  n. 
Same  as  pipit,  tiding,  n.  A 
small  bird,  as  the  titlark  and  hedge- 
sparrow.  —  tit 'mouse",  n.  [tit'- 
uice",  pi.]  A  small  black,  white, 
and  gray  bird  with  a  short  hill  and 
nostrils  concealed  by  feathers. 

tW,  n.     A  blow;  tap.— tit  for  tat,  i 

Tit.,  abbr.    Titus.  — tit.,  abbr.    Title. 

Tl'tan,  i  tui'i.;ni:2  li'tan,  n,  Or  Myth.  I.  One  of  a  fabled  race 
of  giants,  children  of  Uranus  (heaven)  and  Gaea  (earth),  who 
rebelled  against  the  Olympian  gods,  were  vanquished  anil 

thrust,  down  Into  Tartarus.  :i.  Any  otic  having  gigantic 
strength.  Tl"tan-esc|ue',  a.  Of  or  befitting  the  Titans; 
gigantic— Tl 'tan-ess,  »,     A  female  Titan;  a  woman  of 


Titmouse. 


[Var.  of  tip2,  re]. 
italiation  in  kind. 


gigantic  strength. — Tl-tan'lc1,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  resem- 
bling the  Titans;  hence,  gigantic.    Tl-tan'1-calJ. 

Tl-ta'ni-a,  1  ti-te'[or  -ta'lm-s;  2  ti-ta'[or -ta'Jni-a,  n.  Queen 
of  fairyland  in  Shakespeare's  M idsummer° Night' s  Dream. 

tl-ta'nl-um,  1  tai-te'ni-um;  2  tl-ta'ni-um,  n.  A  widely  dis- 
tributed dark=gray  metallic  element  found  in  small  quan- 
tities in  many  minerals.  See  element.  [<  L.  Titan;  see 
Titan.) — tl-tan'lc2,  a.  Chem.  Of  or  pertaining  to  titanium, 
especially  in  its  higher  valence. — tl'tan-ous,  a.  Chem.  Of 
or  pertaining  to  titanium,  especially  in  its  lower  valence. 

tit'bit",  1  tit'bit";  2  tit'bit",  n.  A  morsel, as  of  choice  food. 

tlte,  1  tait;  2  tit,  adv.  Promptly;  quickly.  [<  Ice.  tilt, 
quickly.J    tytt;  tytef. 

tithe,  1  taith;  2  tlth.  I.  vt.  [tithed;  tith'ing.]  1.  To 
tax  with  payment  of  tithes.  2.  To  divide  by  ten  with  a 
view  to  taxing  every  tenth.  II.  n.  1.  A  tax  of  one- 
tenth,  especially  when  payable  in  kind,  as  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  clergy  and  the  church.  2.  The  tenth  part  of 
anything;  hence,  a  small  part.  [<  AS.  tedtha,  <  teon, 
ten.] — tith'a-bl(e1',  a.  Liable  to  be  tithed,  as  property.— 
tith'ing,  n.  1.  The  act  of  levying  tithes.  2.  A  tenth  part. 
3.  Old  Eng.  Law.  A  civil  division  composed  of  ten  freeholders 
and  their  families. — tlth'lngsman",  n.  [-men",  pi.)  1. 
Anciently,  in  England,  the  chief  of  a  tithing;  more  recently, 
a  constable.  2.  An  officer  for  enforcing  Sunday  observance 
and  order. 

Ti-tho'nus,  1  ti-tho'nus;  2  ti-tho'nus,  n.  Class.  Myth.  The 
son  of  Laomedon;  gifted  with  immortal  life  but  not  youth. 

Tl'tian,  1  tisVan;  2  tlsh'an,  n.  Popular  name  of  Tiziano 
Vecellio  (1477-1576),  a  great  Venetian  painter  and  colorist. 

Tlf'l-ca'ca,  1  tifi-ko'ko;  2  tit"i-ca'eii,  n.  A  lake  In  the  Andes 
between  Peru  and  Bolivia;  3,261  sq.  m.;  at  alt.  12,500  ft. 

tit'il-iate,  1  tit'i-let;  2  tit'i-lat,  vt.  [-LAT"EDd;  -lat"ing.] 
To  cause  a  tickling  sensation  in;  hence,  to  excite  plea- 
surably  in  any  way.  [  <  L.  titillatus,  pp.  of  titillo, 
tickle.]— tit'U-lant,  n.  An  excitant.  — tlfll-Ia'tlon,  it. 
The  act  of  titillating. 

tit'i-vate,  1  tit'i-vet;  2  tlt'i-vat,  vt.  &  vi.  [-vat"ed;  -vat"- 
ing]  [Colloq.]  To  put  on  decorative  touches;  smarten. 
tlt'tl-vatef.— tlt"l-va'tlon,  n.     tlf'tl-va'tlont. 

Ill  'lark,  lit  'ling.  etc.    See  tit',  n. 

ti'tle,  1  toi'tl;  2  ti'tl.  I.  vt.  [ti'tled;  ti'tling.]  1.  To 
give  a  name  to;  entitle.  2.  To  confer  an  honorary  title 
upon;  ennoble.  3.  To  stamp  the  name  on  the  cover  of 
(a  book).  II.  n.  1.  An  inscription  that  serves  as  a 
name  for  designating  something,  as  a  literary  produc- 
tion, legal  document,  etc.  2.  A  claim  based  on  an 
acknowledged  or  alleged  right.  3.  Law.  The  right  to  or 
ownership  of  property;  also,  the  legal  evidence  of  one's 
right  of  property.  4.  An  appellation  significant  of  office, 
rank,  etc.;  especially,  a  designation  of  nobility.  5.  A 
title=page.  [OF.  (F.  litre),  <  L.  lilulus,  title.]  Syn.:  see 
name. — ti'tled,  a.  Having  a  title,  as  of  nobility. — ti'tle* 
page",  re.  A  page  containing  the  title  of  a  work  and  the 
names  of  its  author  and  its  publisher. 

tl'trate,  1  tai'tret  or  tit'ret;  2  H'trat  or  tlt'rat,  vt.  [ti'trat- 
EDd;  ti'trat-ing.]  Chem.  To  determine  the  strength  of  (a 
solution)  by  means  of  standard  solutions  or  by  titration. 
[<  F.  litre;  see  title.]— tl-tra'tion,  re.  The  process  of 
volumetric  analysis. 

tit'ter,  1  tit'er;  2  tit'er.  I.  vi.  To  laugh  in  a  suppressed 
or  silly  way;  giggle.  II.  n.  The  act  of  tittering;  a 
giggling.     [Imitative.] 

tlt'tle,  1  tlt'i;2tit'i,  n.  [Scot.  &  Prov.  Eng.]  A  sister,  tlt'tyf. 

tit'tle,  )  1  tit/1 ;  2  tlt'l,  re.    1.  The  minutest  quantity;  iota. 

tit'l1',  )  2.  Originally,  a  very  small  mark  in  writing,  as 
the  dot  over  an  i,  etc.    [For  title,  ».]    Syn.:  see  particle. 

tlt'tle=tat"tle,  1  tlt'l=tat"l;  2  tlt'l-tat'l.  I.  rl.  To  chatter 
foolishly;  talk  meanlnglessly.  II.  re.  Foolish  or  trivial  talk; 
gossip.    [Var.  redup.  of  tattle,  ».]— tlt'tle=tat"tler,  n. 

tlt'tup,  1  tit'np;  2  tlt'up.  [Colloq.]  l.vi.  To  act  In  a  rest  less 
or  lively  manner;  dance  along;  prance.     II.  n.     A  prancing 

or  curveting  action  Indicating  gaiety  or  frollosomenees.    [< 

tet  (var.  Of  TIP,  V.)  I  DP.]  tlt'upt.  tlt'tup-py,  a.  Hound- 
ing; frolicsome  Ut'up-pyf. 
tit'll-lur,  1  tit'yu-lyr;  2  tH'yi.i-l.ir.  I.  a.  1.  Existing  in 
name  or  title  only;  nominal.  2.  Pertaining  to  a  title. 
3.  Bestowing  or  taking  title.  II.  ".  <  >ne  having  a  tit  le 
in  virtue  of  which  ho  holds  an  office  or  benefice,  whether 
lc  performs  its  duties  or  not ;  in  ecclesiastical  law,  one 

holding  a  sinecure  title,      tlt'll-la-ryj:.     [<   L.  lilulus, 

title]     llt'ii-lur-ly,  adv. 
TI'lus,  1  tal'tus;  2  ti'tus,  n.    T.  Flavins  SablnUS  Vespasl- 

anus  (40  SI ).  a  Roman  emperor:  conquered  Jerusalem, 
TI'vo-ll,  1   tl'VO-H;  2  ti'vo-li.  n.     A  town  neat    Home,   Italy; 

tin-  ancient  Tiber,  conquered  by  u i,  388  B  C. 

T.  M.,  nhhr.     Trade-mark,  true  mean. 

line 'sis,  I  tml'sis  or  ml'ms;  2  tine'sls  or  me'sls.  n.  Oram  the 
Separation  of  the  elements  of  a  compound  word  by  an  Inter- 
vening word,  as  in  the  phrase  '<»  us  ward,  meaning  "  toward 

ii:,  "     1 1.  .        <  it.  Ime.i:.   ■     ti  mno,  cut. I 


I.. 

I  ..II-. I 


In  Sri;  fat.  fl  .  I  i        .>  a      .1    ••      full,  rflle;  but,  l>0m; 

.     i         i  I        i  v  ii  .         .  l!.l...    i-o;   I  -  6;  gO,  nOl,  Or,  w6n,  BM 


I.  . ) . / 1     1. 

t    .    ward  ..r  into 
»  II. 

i  I  .in  the 

direct  nr  Inu- 
nouna  indicat- 

I 
\  Ming  a  relation,  el 

iliam  took  K 
i  lete  and 

III.  ■  ,.-  infinitive  mode. 

i  mere  sign  of  ilir  Infinitive  and 
ponding  verbal 

drum    (he  In--:  I 
:m.i 

prefix  in  various  compounds,  mostly 
apart.] 

i"ii.  i  ■  imping  amphibian, 

::llg 

on   i  .'.    -  similar 

t.    -  animal 

I 

IS 

\  Fawning  para- 
toad  '  iii   mi:, 
in  idfteh",  \   tisii 

mouth  :iini  head  like  1 1 

toad'tax*,   •        \      i  iimmon  Toad.     '/» 
B  i\-iikr  perennial 

toad 'stool*,  n.    a  poisonous 
-»om. 
toad'y.  1  tod'i;  2  tfld'y.    I.  U.  A  n.    [toad'ikd;  toad'y- 
Dra  ]  To  treat  with  subserviency;  act  the  toady.   II.  n. 
ld'zbs*,  pf.]     An  obsequious    flatterer;  a    fawning, 
•   person.     [Short  for  TOAMatml]      toad '> -Kin,  n. 
i"  i-i  .  I  .       .'v  i  o  drink  to  toe  health 

or  participate  in  a  toast.    II.  n.    Thi 
drinking  to  some  one's  health  or  t..  some  sentiment; 
also,  tin- 1- •  -  ntiment involved.    [Special use 

of  toast5  ]  —  toast'er1,  n.    One  who  proposes  a  toast. 
— toa»t  'ma*"ter,  n.    A  person  who,  at  public  dinners,  an- 
.  .--es  the  toasts,  calls  upon  the  various  speakers, 
t.i.i-i  .    I  .  1 .  .  ...  ii.  or  becomi  brow  n,  a\  er 

a  fir.       '.'.    I       loq.]  To  warm  well,  or  warm  oneself,  In- 
fore    a    fin-.      II.    n.      Sliced    bread 
-  aed    at    a    fire;    toasted   bread. 
(  <  'L..lJ-*ow  tost  us,  pp.  of  torreo,  roast.] 
ist'er*,  n.    A  device  for  toasting  be- 
i  Ore. 
I  l  obit. 

to-bac'co,  1  to-bak'o;  2  to-b&Vo,  n.    1. 

•inual   plant    of    the    nightshade 

family,  3  to  6  feet  high,  originally  of 

tropical  America,  but  now  cultivated 

in  various  part-  of  the  world,      2.  Its 

smoking,  chewing,  etc      [<  S] 

<  W.  Ind.  tabaco.  pipe  In  which  the  na-         Tobacco. 

smoked   the   plant]  —  to-bae'oo-    a.  Uara;  i,.  How««; 
nl»t,  i      One  who  manufactures  or  sells  <•■ ,rulL 

tobacco—  to-hac'co-nlze,  n.      To  sub- 

'  unigate  with  tobacco. — to- 

bac'co^tnp"piT.   n.     a   plug  for  packing  tobacco,  as  Into 

a  pipe.  [Weal  Indies;  114  so  m  ;  pop.  20.700. 

T<>-ba'go,  |  ■  ah  Island  ol  the 

To'blt.  :  -v    •    2  tOTril    i      Btb    [Apocrypha.]   An  Israelite 

of  the  Assyrian  captivity,  or  the  book  bearing  his  name. 

to-bog'gan,  1  to-beg/an;  2  to-b&g'an.     I.  ri.     To  coast 

on  a  toboggan,  a-  down  a  toboggan«slide.     II.  n.     A 

i  of  long  flat  thin  board  or  hoards  curved 

upward  at  tin-  forward  end  and  usually  without   run- 

[Corr.   of  Am.  Ind.  odabagan,  sled.]  —  to-bog'- 

ganfdide",  n  a  slope  prepared  for  coasting  with  tobc 

To-bol»k',  1  to-tx.isk';  2  to-bdlsk',  n.    a  city  of  w   Siberia; 

pop    25.200    Bere  the  Czar   and    Imperial    family    were 

to'b>,  1  tOt  -::lt.-z.  pi  }    A  mug  or  )ug  for  ale  or 

the  like,  often  made  In  the  form  of  an  old  man  wearing  a 
three-'  Toby,  a  personal  name.]     To 'by 

Ull  'pot :-,  to'h)  ;Jug":. 

t . .<  <| u <-.  ,     A  light  capor  toque,    tockt. 

TocuueMlle.  1  tok'vil  or  IF.)  tok'vM':  2  tok'vil  or  IF.)  Wik*- 
vlr.  Alexis  Charlc-  ll    M.  (  .  de  J59).    A  French 

'nan  and  political  writer. 

toe 'sin,  1  U  in,  t».    1.  A  signal  sounded  OH  a 

bell:  alarm.    'I.  Hence,  an  alarm*!*'-! 


tod',  1  ted:  2  tod,  n     I,  j  Pro\    Bog.  or  Ob      k  bushy  olump 
\  weight  of  about  28  pounds     I-    Ice.  loddi.  piece.] 

in. i  .       . .-   B   •      \  foj  rt>D»,  i  '  toddet. 

io  ii.i>  '.  i  I  .-■:      8  1..-.1  r     l.  '•      1 1.,  preaenl  day,  time, 

..r  |M       II.  ii./r       I.  I  In  nr  dining  tin-  preaenl  ila\       'I. 

\i    ih.'  present   time      | -^   AS    '".  i";  •  '■<<.'.,  dat,  "i 

toddle.  |  1   Ind'l ;  2  I'.d'l,  1 1       [tOD'DLBD,    n  m'l  n1'.    i  OD'- 

tod'l1'.    (  in  iM.  ]    To  walk  unsteadily,  aa  a  little  child. 

tod  iiiiT,  n 
IimI'iI)  .  1  •■'.!'.:.'  tfld'y,       1 1  .in  on  "-■',;■/  ]  I.  \  beverage 
■  •I  spirits,  hoi  waii  r,  ami  sugar;  also,  generally,  alco- 
holic I H 1 1 H  ir    'i.  The  sap  or  juioe  thai  flows  from  the  In- 
■  1 1  tain  palm     also,  u  pirit  noua  liquor 
distilled  from  it     |  <  Hind  tdri,  <  Ubr,  palm-tree.] 

in  Jo',  i  '  ii    10      •  i  o-iln'.  ;/     [COllOQ.]   <  i  infusion  or  1"! 

on  account  of  something  disturbing    [■    to-1   .   do,  v.] 
(o',i>,i  to'di:  2  to'dy,  n    [to'dibb*,  pf.]   a  small  Wee>Indlan 
Insectivorous  bird,  brlght^green  varied  with  red  and  white. 

I     tOdUt,  small  lurd  1 

toe,  1  to;  2  to     I.  it  dei       i jtoe'tno.]    I.  To  touch 

with  the  toes  .'.  To  furnish  with  a  toe,  8.  To  attach 
the  tout  of  (beams,  ete.)  cud  to  end,  by  nails  driven 
obliquely.  4.  To  carry  the  toes  in  some  specified  direc- 
tion, II. "  LOneol  the  digits  of  a  foot  01  a  quadruped 
or  biped;  trout  pari  of  a  hoof.    "'.  That  portion  ol  an 

article  uf  ilre.—  ,  etc  ,  that  COVen  the  lues.     3.  The  lower 

end  or  projection  of  something,  resem- 
bling or  likened  to  a  toe     |  <  AS  (d,  t< 

toffee,  1  lof'i;  2  lof'e.  n.  [lOng.l  Same  08  I  *i  I  1, 
toffy;. 

tog,  i  tag;  2  to*;.  [Slang.]  I.  vt.  To  dress;  ee- 

peclally,  to  dress  iii  one's  best:   usually 

wiih  mit  or  up.     II.  n.    An  article  of 
clothlng:generalIylntheplural;toggery. 
to'gSi  1  to'ge;  2  to'ga,  n.    [to'oas*  or  to'- 

■',  1 -ji;  2 -ge,  ;>/.]  Tin-  large  elliptical 
mantle  of  a  Human  citizen.  [L.,  <  tego, 
cover. 1      to'get.     to'gaed,   a.       Robed   In 

the  toga;  hence,  classical:  stately,     to'gedt. 

to-jreth'er,  1  tu-geth'er;  2 to-g8th'er, adv. 

1.  Into  union  with  each  other;  conjointly. 

2.  In  the  same  place  or  at  the  same  spot; 
with  each  other;  in  company.  3.  At  the 
same   moment  of  time;  simultaneously,  finei 


ear,     wear- 
ing a  Toga. 


Toggle«jolnt. 


4.  Without  cessation  or  intermission.     5. 

With  one  another;  mutually.      [<  AS.  f<». 

to,  +  gador,  together] 
tog'ger-y,  1  tog'ar-i;2  t6g'er-y,  n.  [Slang.)  Togs  collectively: 

clothes. 
log'Kle,  )1  tog'l;  2  t5g'I.     I.  vt.     [tog'gled,  too'ldp; 
tog'l1',    J  tog'oling.]     To  fix,  fasten,  or  furnish  with  a 

toggle.    II.  n.    1.  A  pin,  or  short  rod,  properly  attached 

in  the  middle,  as  to  a  rope,  and  designed  to  be  passed 

through  a  hole  or  eye  ana  turned.    2.  A  toggl&dron.    3. 

A  toggle»joint.    [Dim.   <  tag1,  n.]— tog'Kled"ron,  h. 

A  harpoon,  as  for  killing  whales,  so  arranged  as  to  turn 

crosswise  when  It  enters  the  animal's 

body.  —  tog'gledolnt",   n.      A    mini 

having  a  central  hinge  like  an  elbow, 

and  operatable  by  applying  the  power 

at   the   Junction,    thus    changing    the 

direction  of  motion. 
To'go,  1  tO'go:  2  UJ'gO,  Count   llelha- 

chlro    (1847-         ).      A  Japanese  ad- 
miral In  Russo-Japanese  war. 

toil,  1   toil;    2  toil,   ri.     1.  To  labor 

arduously;  work  hard.  2.  To  progress  with  slow  and 
labored  steps.  [<  F.  loulller,  trouble]   Syn.:  see  struggle. 

—  toll'cr,  n. 

toil1,   n.      1.   Fatiguing  work;  any  oppressive  task.     2. 
Any  notable  work  accomplished  by  labor. 

Syn.:  drudgery,  labor,  stent,  stint,  task,  travail,  work. 
Worl  ^  exertion  of  body  or  mind  that  taxes  the  powers  for 
the  accomplishment  of  some  end;  the  term  Is  a  broad  one; 
work  may  be  light  and  pleasant,  or  severe  and  exhausting, 
Labor  Is  always  strenuous,  it  is  hard  nark;  toil  Is  still  more 
severe.  One  may  enjoy  writ  and  tie  cheerful  In  labor,  but 
toil  oppresses.  Drudgery  is  Often  applied  to  menial  service, 
but  also  in  any  r.ml  that  is  not  only  hard,  but  monotonous 
and  mechanical:  no  business,  profession,  or  art  can  be  sue- 
ill.'.'  followed  without  the  performance  of  much  unap- 
preciated drudgery.  A  task  is  a  definite  amount  of  work 
appointed  and  required  by  another,  tho  we  sometimes 
speak  of  a  task  which  one  Imposes  upon  himself;  this  In 
popular  language  Is  called  a  stint  or  stent.    See  task:  work. 

—  Ant.:  amusement,  ease,  idleness,  leisure,  play,  recreation, 
relaxation,  repose,  rest.  — toll 'ful,  a.  Replete  with  toil; 
laborious,  -ly,  adt.  —  toll 'some,  a.  Accomplished  with 
fatigue.  Syn.:  see  arduous;  difficult.  —  toll'some-ly, 
adv.— toll 'some-ness,  n, 


1:3  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    ail  =  out;    oil;    10  =  feud:    eliin;    go;    t}  =  sing;    Chin,    this. 
809         2:  wglf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


to 

Tonga 


toil2,  n.  A  net,  snare,  or  other  trap:  now  generally  figura- 
tively and  commonly  in  the  plural.    [  <  L.F  tela,  web.] 

toi'let,  1  toi'let;  2  toi'let,  ft.  1.  The  process  of  dressing 
oneself.  2.  A  person's  actual  dress  or  style  of  dress.  3. 
A  dressing=table.  4.  Surg.  The  cleansing  of  an  organ  or 
part  after  an  operation.  5.  [U.  S.]  A  lavatory  or  water* 
closet.    [<  F.  toilette,  dim.  of  toile,  cloth.]    toi-lotte'J. 

To-kay',  1  to-ke';  2  to-ka',  n.  A  white  or  reddish=blue 
grape  from  Tokay,  Hungary,  or  a  wine  made  from  it. 

to'ken,  1  to'kn;2  to'kn.  I.  vt.  1.  To  evidence  by  a  token; 
betoken.  2.  [Prov.  Eng.l  To  betroth.  3f.  To  place  a 
mark  upon;  designate.  II.  n.  1.  Anything  indicative 
of  some  other  thing;  a  sign;  indication.  2.  A  symbol  or 
seal;  also,  a  signal.  3.  Some  tangible  proof  or  evidence  of 
a  statement;  a  pledge.  4.  A  souvenir  or  love»offering; 
keepsake.  5.  A  metal  tablet,  resembling  a  coin,  some- 
times issued  by  tradesmen  and  others  as  evidence  of  an 
amount  due.  6.  That  which  peculiarly  betokens  any 
person  or  thing.  7.  A  measure  of  quantity  of  sheets  of 
paper  used  in  presswork,  commonly  ten  quires.  [  < 
AS.  tacen,  sign.]    Syn.:  see  emblem;  mark;  sign;  trace. 

To'ky-o,  1  to'ki-o;  2  to'ky-6,  re.  A  city  in  S.  E.  Japan: 
capital  of  Japanese  empire;  pop.  2,244,800.    To'ki-ot. 

tol 'booth",  re.    Same  as  tollbooth. 

told,  1  told;  2  told.  imp.  &  pp.  of  tell. 

tole,  1  tol;  2  tol.  vt.  To  draw  as  with  a  lure;  attract;  entice. 
[<  AS.  lyllan  in  foT'tyllan,  allure.]    toll*. 

To-le'do,  1  to-li'do;  2  to-le'do,  re.  1.  A  cathedral  city  of 
central  Spain;  famed  for  its  sword=blades;  pop.  23,000.  2. 
A  city  in  N.  W.  Ohio;  pop.  250.000.  3.  [T-  or  t-]  A  sword 
or  sword=blade  from  Toledo,  Spain. — To-le'dan,  a.  &  n. 

tol'er-ant,  1  tel'er-ent;  2  tol'er-ant,  a.  Of  a  long-suf- 
fering disposition;  indulgent;  liberal.  [OF.,  <  L.  tol- 
eran(t-)s,  ppr.  of  lolero,  bear.]  -ly,  adv. — rol'er-a-bHe1', 
a.  1.  Passably  good;  commonplace.  2.  Supportable.  3. 
Allowable.  4.  [Colloq.]  In  passably  good  health.  —  tol'- 
er-a-bl  (e-nessp,  re. — tol'er-a-bly,  adv. — tol'cr-ance,  re. 
The  state  of  being  tolerant. — tol'er-ate,  rl.  [-AT"EDd;  -at"- 
ing.]  1.  To  suffer  to  be  or  be  done  without  active  opposi- 
tion. 2.  To  concede,  as  the  right  to  opinions.  3.  To  bear, 
sustain,  or  be  capable  of  enduring  or  sustaining.  [<  L. 
toleralus,  pp.  of  lolero,  bear.]  Syn.:  see  abide;  allow;  en- 
dure; permit. — tol"er-a'tion,  re.  1.  The  act  of  tolerating 
or  of  allowing  that  which  is  not  wholly  approved.  2.  The 
spirit  and  desire  to  be  tolerant  in  matters  of  opinion. 

toll1,  1  tol;  2  tol.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  sound,  as  a  bell,  with 
single  strokes  at  uniform  intervals.  2.  To  sound  a  toll 
for  (a  funeral  service,  etc.) ;  announce;  as,  to  toll  a  death. 
3.  To  give  forth  by  tolling;  as,  to  toll  a  knell.  II.  re. 
The  sound  of  a  bell  rung  slowly  and  regularly.  [  <  ME. 
tollen,  draw,  pull.] — toll'er1,  re.    One  who  tolls  a  bell. 

toll2.  I.vt.&vi.  To  take,  as  toll;  take  or  pay  toll.  II.  re. 
A  fixed  compensation  for  some  privilege  granted  or 
service  rendered,  especially  for  one  granted  in  a  general 
and  public  way,  as  of  passing  on  a  bridge.  [<  AS.  toll, 
toll,  <  V  of  tell,  v.]  Syn.:  see  tax.  —  toll 'booth",  re. 
[Eng.]  1.  Formerly,  a  booth,  as  at  a  market,  for  collecting 
tolls.  2.  A  jail.  3.  [Prov.  Eng.]  A  town  hall  or  market- 
house. — t. -bridge,  re.  A  bridge  subject  to  toll.  —  t.sdish, 
n.  A  dish  for  measuring  grain«toIls. — (.^collector,  t.sTat!)- 
erer,  I.  man,  re.  A  collector  of  tolls,  toll'er't. —  t.-;:i.\ 
n.  A  gate  at  which  toll  is  paid,  t.sbarl:.  — toll'house", 
re.  1 .  A  toll=collect or's  lodge  adjoining  a 
toll«gate.     2.     [Rare.]    A  tollbooth. 

toll3,  vt.    Same  as  tole,  v.  Branch  of 

Tol-stoy',  1   tol-stoi';   2  t61-st6y',  Leo   Tolu»trce. 
Nikolaievltch,    Count  (1828-1910). 
A  Russian  novelist  and  social  reformer. 

Tol 'tec,  1  tel'tek;   2  tol'tec,  n.    One  of  «; 
a  mythical  pre»Aztec  Mexican  race. 

to-lu',  1  to-lQ';  2  to-lu',  re.    An  oleoresln 
or  balsam  produced  by  the  tolu»tree 
of  South  America.     [<  Tolv  (in  Santiago 
de  Tolu),  New  Granada.] — to-lu '=trce", 
re.     A   large  evergreen  tree  of  the  bean 
family. 

torn,  1  torn;  2  torn,  re.    1.  [T-]  A  contrac- 
tion of   the  Christian   name   Thomas. 
2.  The  male  of  various  animals,  aa  the  cat. 
[Short  for  Thomas,    <  LI..  Thomas,    <  Or. 
Thomas,  <  Heb.  Thoma,  twin.]—  tom'«caf,  re. 
a  male  cat. 

torn.,  abhr.    Tome. 

toni'a-hawk,  1   tem'e-hek;  2  tfim'a-hak.     I' 
strike  or  kill  with  a  tomahawk,     II.  n.     Tl 
American  Indian  battle>ax  or  hatchet,  with  head  origi- 
nally of  stone,    [Of  Am.  Ind.  origin,] 

torn 'alley,  l  tem'al*i;  2  tdm'al'y,  n.    The  fatty  bo  sailed 

liver  of  the  lobster.     [Var.  of  TOURMALIN.]      to-mal'lyt. 

to-ma'to,  1  to-me'to  or  -ma'to;  2  to-ma'to  or  -ma'to,  n 
[-toe»z,  pi.]    The  pulpy  ed|ble  fruit  of  a  familiar  plant 


H.     To 
North 


of  the  nightshade  family,  highly  esteemed  as  a  vege- 
table, or  the  plant  itself.    [  <  Mex.^P  tomatl,  tomato.] 

tomb,  1  turn;  2  torn.  I.  vt.  To  lay  to  rest  within  tho 
tomb;  emtomb;  bury;  inter.  II.  n.  1.  A  place  for  the 
deposit  of  the  dead;  a  vault;  grave.  2.  Figuratively,  a 
place  where  the  dead  lie;  also,  death  itself.  3.  A  tomb- 
stone. [  <  Gr.LL+F  tymbos,  mound.] — tomb 'stone",  n. 
A  stone,  usually  inscribed,  marking  a  place  of  burial. 

Tom-big'bee,  1  tom-big'bi;  2  tom-big'bO,  re.  A  river  in  E. 
Mis  ;is:;ippi  and  AV.  Alabama;  450  m.  to  the  Mobile   river. 

torn 'boy",  1  tom'boi";  2  tom'boy",  n.  A  girl  of  romping 
and  boisterous  conduct;  hoiden. 

torn 'cod",  1  tem'ked";  2  tSm'cSd",  ft.  A  small  edible 
fish  of  the  North=American  Atlantic.  [Prob.  a  cor.  of 
F.  (Canada)  tacaud,  plenty=fish;  of.Am.  Ind.  origin.) 

tome,  1  torn;  2  torn,  re.  A  volume,  particularly  if  large. 
[F.,  <  L.  lomiis,  book,  <  Gr.  tomos,  <  tcmno,  cut.] 

-tome.  I  A  termination  signifying  "a  cutting,"    "a  cutter." 

-tomy.  J  [  <  Gr.  tomos;  see  tome.1 

to-men'tose,  1  to-men'tos;  2  to-men'tos,  a.  Bol.  &  Zool. 
Covered  with  matted  woolly  hairs.  [<  L.  tomentum,  stuff- 
ing for  cushions]  to-men'toust. — to-men'tu-lose,  a. 
Slightly  tomentose. 

tom'Tool',  1  tem"ful';  2  toni"fobl',  n.  An  idiotic  or  silly 
person;  also,  an  amusing  trifler.  —  tom'Tool 'er-y,  re.  1. 
Nonsensical  behavior.  2.  Kickshaws.  tom'Tool  'ish-nessf. 

Tom 'my  At'klns,  1  tem'i  at/kinz;  2  tom'y  at'kin§.  [Slang, 
Eng.]  A  British  soldier  of  the  regular  army. 

to=mor'row,  1  tu=mer'o;  2  tQ=mor'o.  I.  w.  The  next 
day  after  tosday ;  the  morrow.  II.  adv.  On  the  day 
next  after  to«day.     [<  AS.  to,  to;  morgen,  morrow.] 

tom'pi-on,  1  tom'pi-en;  2  tom'pi-6n,  re.  1.  The  inking»pad 
of  the  lithographic  printer,  tom'poii}.  2.  A  tampion. 
[=  tampion.)  [pop.  112,000. 

Tomsk,  1  temsk;  2  tomsk,  re.    A  university  town  in  W.  Siberia; 

Tom  Thumb,  1  torn  fhum;  2  torn  thum.  1.  In  fairytales,  a 
diminutive  person  of  marvelous  powers.  2.  Charles  Sher- 
wood Stratton  (1S38-18S3),  an  American  dwarf. 

torn 'tit",  1  tom'tit";  2  tom'tit",  re.    A  tit;  titmouse. 

tom'stom",  1  tem'=t»m";  2  tom'=tom",  n.  1.  A  native 
Oriental  drum,  as  of  India,  Africa,  etc.  2.  A  gong.  [  < 
Hind,  tamtam;  imitative.)    tam'»tam"t. 

ton1,  )  1  tun;  2  ton,  n.     1.  A  measure  of  weight,  eithor 

tunp, J  2,000  pounds  (a  short  ton),  or  2,240  pounds  (a 
long  ton).  2.  [U.  S.]  A  measure  of  capacity,  lu/26 
cubic  yards.  3.  A  unit  for  reckoning  the  displacement 
or  weight  of  war=vessels,  35  cubic  feet  of  sea=water 
weighing  about  one  ton.  4.  A  unit  for  reckoning  the 
freight=carrying  capacity  of  a  ship,  usually  equivalent 
to  40  cubic  feet  of  space,  freight  tout;  shipping 
ton]:.  5.  A  unit  for  reckoning  the  size  of  merchant 
vessels  for  purposes  of  registration,  equivalent  to  100 
cubic  feet  of  space,  register  ton}:.  6f.  A  wine* 
measure  of  capacity;  cask:  usually  written  tun.  [For 
tun.]  [fashion  collectively.     [F.] 

ton2,  1  ten;  2  ton,  n.     1.  Tone;  style.     2.  The  votaries  of 

•ton,  suffix.    Town.    [<  AS.  -tun,  <  (fire,  town.] 

ton'al,  1  ton'al;  2  ton'al,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  tone  or 
tonality,  -ly,  adv.— to-nal'i-ty,  re.  1.  Mus.  (1)  The  rela- 
tion between  tones.  (2)  A  system  of  tones;  a  key  or  mode. 
2.  Paint.  The  color«scheme  of  a  picture.    3.  Tonicity. 

to'sname",  1  tu'»n5m*;  2  to'-nSm",  re.  Formerly,  a  surname; 
now  [Scot.],  some  special  distinguishing  name. 

tone,  1  ton;  2  ton,  v.  [toned;  ton'inc;.]  1. 1.  1.  To  give 
tone  to;  modify  in  tone.  2.  Mus.  To  tune  or  modify 
with  reference  to  musical  quality,  as  an  instrument.  3. 
To  intone.  II.  i.  1.  To  harmonize,  as  in  tone  or  shade. 
2.  To  assume  a  given  hue. — to  lone  down.  1.  Paint 
To  subdue  the  tone  of.  2.  Mus.  (1)  To  moderate  In  quallt: 
and  volume  of  sound.  (2)  To  lower  in  pitch.  3.  To  modify 
In  effect.  — to  t.  up.     1.  To  raise  in  quality  or  strength.     2. 

Mus.    To  elevate  in  pitch,    3.  To  gain  iii  vitality. 

tone,  re.  1.  Sound  in  relation  to  quality,  volume,  dura- 
tion, and  pitch;  specifically,  a  sound  having  a  definite 
pitch.  2.  Mus.  (1)  The  peculiar  characteristic  sound, 
as  of  an  instrument.    (2)  An  interval  corresponding  to 

one  degree  of  the  scale  or  staff;  two  semitones,      major 

tone|;  whole  tonej.  3.  A  mood;  quality  of  feeling. 
4.  Characteristic  style;  tenor;  spirit.  5.  Vocal  inflection 
as  expressive  of  feeling.  (>.  Oram.  Syllabic  stress;  special 
accent.  7.  Tin-  general  condition  of  the  body  or  of  an 
.ii  gan  a  it  b  reference  to  1  he  di  chai  gi  ol  i>  fund  ion 
8.  Paint.  (1 1  The  prevailing  effect  of  a  picture,  as  bright, 

dull,  ele.       (2)   The  shade.  Inn,  01    degree  Of  color.      !». 

Chromatics.     The  powei  "t  :.  color  to  reflect  light.     |- 

(;r.'e '  lottos,  tone,  <  tetnO,  stretch  i    Syn.:  see  sound. 
long,  l  ten;  'Z  long.  re.    [Anglo>Chlnese.]    A  CI ae  secret 

society. 
Ton'ga  Islands,  l  ten'gs;  2  ton'ga.    An  lsland«group  B.  E. 

of  Fiji  In  the  South  Pacific  ocean    '.'.mi.,,  m  ,  i».i,  24.000 


I  urrlrrlll 


|    ■  '.drt;   fat.  f am;   fn»t :   get.  prtv;    hit,  poll         0  'V    not.  Or;   full,  rO.1.  ■;    but.  burn; 

iiUrx,  Ape,  1*1.  i»rr.  tA.il,  what,  .(  pr$y,  fern;  hit, Too;  i   •  8;  I ■■  •; go,  nAt,  Or,  won,     SIO 


p.nr  ol  lone* 


Wi' 


■ 

(niiKiii .  I.       i  onotjbd;  tonou'- 

tuog*,  l .  -liiy  toe  Bound  of  by  the 

.'. 

.(.  |  0  'I"  ak       4.  To  UBO 

.">.       i  Ktend  .v-  :i  tongue. 

II.         i.    \        .  .     situated  in  the  mouth  of  :i  verto- 

.    .   supported  by  the  hyoid  bone:  most   oom- 

.  \u  mammals,  where  it  is  important  in 

i.  as  an  organ  of  taste,  and 

in  n  '.'.  \  similar  organ  of  in- 

t.  -        I bing  Like  or  likened  to  ;i 

. .  the  clapper  of  a  bell,  the  pin 

i.      _•  uratively,  speech,  or  the  pow  r 

■.:  utterance;  specifically,  a  language, 

vernacular,  or  dialect;  hence,  :i  rac r  nation.    [  <  AS. 

-10. 1      Sjti.:    see    i  urat  uib.     to    hold    one's 

imiKu.  .  .lit      iohkuihI,  .-     Saving  a  tongue: 

Hon;  :is.  t<>ul-tongued. — tongue'less,    i. 

leSBtalso.unmentioned.— tongue'' 

tied",         l.  B  tvlng  abnormal  shortness  of  the  fillet  of  the 

.'.  Debarred  from  speaking;  silent,  as  from  eonfu- 

limiim"<lli~.     A  n. 

ion  it.  i  •  g  ton  ie     I.  o.    1.  Having  power  in  in- 

r  build  up;  bracing.    2.  Pertaining  to  1 t 

-.  in  music,  pertaining  to  the  keynote.     •$.  Per- 

tainil  ine,  rinid ;  unrelaxing.     II. 

fi.      1.   A  medicine  lhat    gradually  restores  the   norma! 

edition  of  debility;  hence,  what- 

.'.       '  Tlie  keynote.      [<  Gr.F 

lunU  sound,  tone.]  — to-nlc'I-ty,  n.     Physiol. 

The  elastic  condition  Of  healthy  tissue;  health  and  vigor. 

ton'le  act"  r.r.        .l"-fa';  2  80I'»fiV.    Pertaining  to  a 

idling,  writing,  and  reading  music,  especially  vocal 
music,  that  lays  particular  stress  on  the  tonal  relations  of 
the  various  elements  of  the  key.     The  Initials  of  the  sylla- 
bles used  In  solmlzat  Ion  are  employed  to  write  Its  scale. 
to-night ',  1  tuTioit';2  tp*nlt'.     I.  n.    The  night  that  fol- 
-  to-day,  also,  the  present  night.  II.<i</r.  During  the 
[ <  AS.  to,  to;  niht,  night.] 
Ton'ka  bean,  1  tents;  2  ton'ka.    An  odoriferous  seed  used 
In  the  adulteration  of  vanilla,   for  flavoring  tobacco,  etc. 
[  <  Guiana  lonca  (name  of  the  tree)  +  bean.] 
Ton"kln',  1   ton'kln':  2  ton'kln',  n.     1.  A  state  In  French 
o  -n.  m.:  pop.  6.120,000.    2.  Gulf  or  T., 
•  a  between  Tonkin  and  China. — 
Ton"kln-e>>e',  a.  A  n. 
( on  ii..  Tonnage. 

tonnage,  l  ttra'ij;2  ton'ag,  n.    1.  The  cubic  capacity  of 

■  vessel  expressed  in  tons  of  100  cubic  feel 

each.    Bee  ton.  n.,  5.    For  tonnage  of  wardships  -  e 

».,  3.     2.  The  freight-carrying  capacity  of  a  vessel 

a  collection  of  vessels,  as  of  a  country's  merchant 

mar.  '.,1.3.  A  tax  levied  on  vessels  at  a 

per  ton.    [F.,  <  fonne,  ton1.] 

toll'lieau',  1   to"n<V  ,,r  ImnV;  2  to'iio'  or  ti'in-o'.      I.  a 

BaneMike:  said  of  the  body  of  certain  motorcars.    II. 
ureMike  body  of  certain  motor>cars, 
(on  '-II.  1  <  hne  of  two  oval 

.••si  on  either  side  ige  from  the  mouth 

the    pharynx.      [<    1.'     UmsillaA     (on'sil-lar,    a 
ton '-ll-.ir  : :    ton  '-ll-l.i-r>    .      lon"sll-H'tls,    n.      Intlam- 
ton"-||-ri|>:. 

ton--o'ri-al,  1  ten-eA'n-al;  2  ton-ed'ri-al,  a.    Pertaining 

to  a  barber.    [  <  L.  tonsor,  barber.] 
ton'-ure.  .  1.  The  shaving  of 

the  head,  or  of  the  crown  of  : 

ok;  hence,  the  priestly  office.     ■».  Thai  part  of  a 

priest's  or  monk'-  head  left  bare  by  -having.     [!•'.,   <  L. 

•  ■-.:  g         Ion  '-tired,  ';, 

ton-tine',  1  tan-tin';  2  ton-tin',  n     I.  A  form  of  collective 

life  annuity,  the  individual  profit-  of  which  increase  as 

the.  number  of  survivors  diminishes,  the  final  survivor 


taking  the  whole,    2.  The  Bubaoriben  to  such  an  an- 
nuity,  colli-ciiv .  u     :t.  The  share  ol  ■  single  subscriber. 
..-:,  Italian  banker  i 
too,  l  10;  2  <<»', adv     I.  1  .nam n \  oi  d< 

mote  than  sufficient!)  .  8.  [Colloq.]  In  a  degree  beyond 
expression  or  endurance;  exceedingly  S.  In  addition; 
likewise;  also     4.  [CnUoq.]  Indeed:  an  Intensive,     I 

I    !       Bj  II .:   See    U.SO 
lO.lk.    1     Illk.    2    tool..  /'/' 

tiNtl',  l  ti'ii.  °  tool.    ■  a  ro  nark  or  ornament  with  a 

tool;  execute  designs  with  a  tool,  as  on  >  bcok*oo\  i  i 
tool  .  •     [Snorting  Slang.]    To  drive,  as  t  ooaoh  or  similar 

vehicle;  take  a  drive      [Special  u-e  of  loo i  i.  i  I 
tool,    »i.       1.    A    simple    mechanism    or    implement.    :n    a 

hammer,  chisel,  spade,  etc  .  used  in  working,  mo>  pg,  or 

transforming  mulerial.     2.  By  extension,  B  machine,  as 

the,  employed  in  the  making  of  machines     8.    V 

1 kbinders    hamtatamp  used  in  tooling  or  lettering. 

4.   \  pei  -on  used  to  carry  out  the  designs  of  another: 

usually   in   a  bail  sense.      (<  AS.  f"',  tOoL] 

Syn.:  apparatus,  appliance,  Implement,  Instrument,  ma- 
chine, mechi  U  A  tool  Is  both  contrived  and 
for  extending  the  force  of  an  Intelligent  agent  to 
ethlng  that  is  io  be  operated  upon.  Those  thin  b 
which  pacific  and  industrial  operations  are  performed  are 
alone  properly  called  <  tho  •  designed  for  warlike  imr- 
pcees  being  designated  weapons.  An  Instrument  Is  any- 
thing through  Which  power  Is  applied  and  a  result  produced; 

in  general  usage,  the  word  is  of  c stderably  wider  meaning 

than  tool;  as.  a  piano  Is  B  musical  IfUtTWIU  nl      Itutrtm 
the  word  usually  applied  to  Uml:  used  in  scientific  pursuits; 
as,  we  speak  of  a  surgeon's  or  an  optician's  hi  tntnu  nt       \" 
Implement  Isa  mechanical  Idered  with  reference 

to  some  specific  purpose  tO  Which  It  Is  adapted;  as.  an  agri- 
cultural implement;  Implements  ol  war.  Implement  is  a  less 
technical  and  artificial  term  than  fool,  a  utensil  is  that 
which  may  be  used  for  some  special  purpose;  the  word  Is 
especially  applied  to  articles  used  for  domestic  or  agricul- 
tural purposes;  a.-;,  kitchen  utensils;  farming  utensils.  An 
appltanri  Is  that  which  Is  or  may  be  applied  to  the  accom- 
plishment of  a  result;  every  mechanical  tool  Is  an  appliance, 
but  not  every  appliance  is  a  laul;  the  traces  of  a  harness  are 
appliances  for  traction,  but  they  are  not  tools.  Mechanism 
is  a  word  of  wide  meaning,  denoting  any  combination  of 
mechanical  devices  for  united  action.  A  mwMne  In  the  most 
general  sense  is  any  mechanical  instrument  tor  the  conver- 
sion of  motion;  in  this  sense  a  lever  Is  a  ..lachine;  but.  in 
more  commonly  accepted  usage  a  rnachine  is  distinguished 
from  a  tool  by  Its  complexity,  and  by  the  combination  and 
coordination  of  powers  and  movements  to 
produce  results. 

tool'ye,  1  tiil'yr,  2  tul'ye.  [Scot]  I.  rf.  To  quar- 
rel, tool 'zlct.  II.  n.  A  quarrel.  [<  P.  toulller, 
quarrel.)  tull'ylej;  tull'zlej. 

toom.  1  tdm;  2  toom,  rf.  [Prov.  Brit.]  To 
empty.  [<  AS.  tdm.] — toom,  a.  Empty.— 
toons,  n.  1.  A  dumping-ground  for  rubbish. 
2t.    Leisure.— toomly,  arfr.     Emptily. 

Toombs,  1  tumz;  2  toom.s.  Robert  Augustus  S((. 

(1810-1885).      An  American    politician  and       Molar. 
Confederate  general.  ',  , 

foot,  1  tut;2toot,  vt.  &vi.    To  sound  diwiiuNJ;,,','"  j", , '.  i ,  .- 
instrument,    as  a   horn),   especially  with  mou.    <<    tan- 
short  blasts.     2.  To  produce,  as  a  noise,  * 
with   a   horn   or  whistle.      (<    Ml),  tuytm,  *"*     "    " 
sound  a  horn.) — toot,  n.  A  short  note  or  blast.  —  toot'er.  n. 

tooth,  1  tfith;  2  tooth.  I',  rf.  &  vi.  1.  To  supply  with 
teeth,  as  a  rake.  2.  To  give  a  serrated  edge  to.  3.  To 
interlock,  or  become  interlocked,  as  gear«wheels.  II.  n. 
[TEETH,  pi.]  I.  One  of  the  hard,  dense  structures  of  the 
mouth  of  a  vertebrate,  used  for  seizing  and  chewing 
lood.  2.  Bot.  &  Zool.  Any  one  of  various  small  pro- 
jections ,,r  ),:lrd  concretions  like  teeth,  as  of  mosses  or 
bivalve-.        ;j.     Something 

resembling  in  form  or  use    /  \    If  K  \   fifi    to, 

the    tOOth    Of    an     animal;    A    ft     ii    I]    A    Hi    //] 


dly,    a    projecting  R 
point ,   pin,  or   cog.      4.  A  " 


Teeth  of  an  Adult. 


discriminating  taste;  pal- 
ate. 5.  /;/.  Figuratively, 
that  part  which  opposes; 
i  pposmg  force;  as,  U i th  oi 
the  wind.  [<  AS.  loth.' 
tooth 'ache  ",  n.  Pain 
In  a  tooth;  also,  neuralgia  of   .'/  '    ■»£*    *h^ 

the  teeth.     t(M)th«-d,  a.    l.t  ^iBlll, 
Supplied  with  teeth,    't.  Bot. 

Dentate,  -toothless,  a.  Belngwltnout  teeth;  hence,  In- 
capable Of  biting;  harmless,  tooth 'pick",  n.  A  small 
sliver,  as  of  wood,  for  removing  particles  of  food  from  be- 
tween the  teeth.  —  tooth 'some,  a.    Having  a  pleasant  taste. 


1:»=  final;    I  =  habltj^   aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    10  =  feud;    tfhin;    go;    rj  =  sire0;    tnin,   this.  tongs 

811     2:  wolf,  <lo;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,    this.     Toi  ricolli 


top,  1  tep;  2  top,  v.  [topped',  toptb;  top'pinq.]  l.t.  1. 
To  remove  the  top  or  upper  end  of.  2.  To  provide  with 
a  top  or  summit.  3.  To  rise  to  the  top  of;  surmount. 
4.  To  be  superior  to;  surpass.  5.  To  place  the  best  at 
the  top  of.  II.  i.  1.  To  rise  above  others;  surpass; 
excel.  2.  To  be  of  a  certain  height.  3.  To  topple. — 
top  'per,  re.  1.  That  which  occupies  the  top.  2.  That  which 
is  of  supreme  quality.     3.  (Slang,  Ens.)  A  high  silk  hat. 

top,  a.    Highest  in  place,  rank,  or  position;  principal. 

top1,  1  tep;  2  top,  n.  1.  The  upper  extremity  or  highest 
part  of  anything.  Specifically:  (1)  The  part  of  a  plant 
above  ground.  (2)  The  upper  side.  (3)  The  first  part 
when  so  placed  as  to  be  above  the  rest;  the  beginning 
or  head.  2.  That  which  is  first  or  highest  in  rank  or  de- 
gree. 3.  The  crown  of  the  head;  also,  a  tuft  or  crest. 
4.  Naut.  A  platform  at  the  head  of  the  lower  section  of  a 
ship's  mast.  [<  AS.  top,  top.]  Syn.:  see  summit. — over  the 
top.  See  under  over.  —  top '■■ boot",  n.  A  boot  with  a  high  top, 
usually  of  different  material  from  the  rest  of  the  boot. — tops 
booted,  a. — top=coat,  re.  An  overcoat. — top=dressing,  re. 
A  dressing  of  manure  over  the  surface  of  land  not  to  be  plowed 
under.— top=full,  a.  [Prov.  Eng.J  Brimful.  —  top"gal'lant. 

1.  a.  Pertaining  to  the  topgallants.  II.  re.  1.  The  mast, 
sail,  yard,  etc.,  immediately  above  the  topmast  and  topsail. 

2.  The  parts  of  a  deck  that  are  higher  than  the  rest. — top* 
hamper,  re.  1.  Spars  and  rigging  kept  aloft.  2.  The  light 
upper  sails  and  rigging.  3.  Casks,  cables,  rigging,  etc.,  en- 
cumbering the  deck.— top=hampered,  a.  —  top-heavy,  a. 
Having  the  top  or  upper  part  too  heavy  for  the  lower  part; 
ill-proportioned;  impracticable.  —  top=heav!ness,  n. — top'- 
knot",  n.  A  crest,  tuft,  or  knot  on  the  top  of  the  head,  as  of 
feathers  on  the  head  of  a  bird  or  the  hair  of  the  human  head 
when  worn  as  a  high  knot;  also, a  knot  or  bow  formerly  worn 
by  women  as  a  head-dress,  etc. — top'mast",  re.  The  mast 
next  above  the  lower  mast.  —  top 'most,  a.  Being  at  the 
very  top.  —  top'sall",  re.  A  sail  on  the  topmast;  also,  a  sail 
above  the  gaff  of  a  sloop,  etc. — top=sawyer,  n.  1.  One  who 
stands  above  the  timber  over  a  saw-pit.  2.  [Colloq.]  One 
who  occupies  a  superior  position. — top=stone,ra.  Acapstone. 

top2,  re.  A  toy  of  wood  or  metal,  with  a  point  on  which  it 
spins,  as  by  the  unwinding  of  a  string.     [  <  MD.  top.] 

to'paz,  1  to'paz;  2  to'paz,  n.  1.  A  transparent  yellowish 
mineral,  valued  as  a  precious  stone.  2.  A  large  hum- 
ming-bird with  brilliant  plumage.  [<  Gr.  topazos,  topaz.) 

tope,  1  top;  2  top,  vt.  &  vi.  [toped';  top'ing.]  To  drink 
excessively  (spirituous  liquors).  [<  F.  toper,  cover  a 
stake;  cp.  Ice.  topa,  pledge.] — top'er,  1  top'er;  2  top'er,  re. 
A  habitual  drunkard;  sot. 

tope,  n,  A  Buddhist  shrine,  dome,  or  tower,  for  relics. 
[<  Hind,  top.) 

To-pe'ka,  1  to-pi'ka;  2  to-pe'ka,  re.  The  capital  of  Kansas; 
pop.  51,500;  seat  of  Washburn  College. 

To'pheth,  1  to'fet;  2  to'fet,  n.  1.  Part  of  the  valley  of  Hin- 
nom,  near  Jerusalem,  once  used  for  idolatrous  worship,  and 
later  as  a  place  for  burning  the  city's  refuse.  2.  Hence,  hell. 
[<  Heb.  tophel,  place  to  be  spit  on.]    To'phetf. 

to'phus,  1  to'fus;  2  to'fus,  re.  [to'phi,  1  -fai;  2  -fi,  pi.]  Cal- 
careous matter  around  the  teeth  and  at  the  surface  of  joints 
affected  with  gout.    [ <  L.  tophus,  tufa.]    tophf. 

to'pl-a-ry,  1  to'pi-e-n;  2  to'pi-a-ry,  a.  Arranged  In  fantastic 
shapes,  as  in  gardening,  etc.    |  <  L.  topia,  gardening.] 

top'ic,  1  top'ik;  2  top'ic,  n.  A  subject  or  theme  for  dis- 
cussion.    [  <  Gr.  lopika,  n.  pi.  of  topikos,  of  a  place.] 

Syn.:  division,  head,  issue,  matter,  motion,  point,  proposi- 
tion, question,  subject,  theme.  Since  a  topic  for  discussion  is 
often  stated  in  the  form  of  a  question.  Question  has  come  to  be 
extensively  used  to  denote  a  debatable  topic,  especially  of  a 
practical  nature,  an  Issue;  as,  the  labor  question;  the  temper- 
ance question.  In  deliberative  assemblies  the  motion  or  other 
matter  for  consideration  is  known  as  the  question;  a  member 
Is  required  to  speak  to  the  question;  the  chairman  puts  the 
question.  In  speaking  or  writing  the  general  subject  or  theme 
may  be  termed  the  topic,  tho  it  Is  more  usual  to  apply  the 
latter  term  to  the  subordinate  divisions,  points,  or  heads  of 
discourse;  as,  to  enlarge  on  this  topic  would  carry  me  far  from 
my  subject. — top'i-cal,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  a  topic.  2.  Of 
the  nature  of  merely  probable  argument.  3.  Belonging  to  a 
place  or  spot;  local,    top'lct.     top'l-eal-ly,  adv. 

topog.i  obbr.    Topographical,  topography. 

to-pog'ra-phy, )  1    to-peg'ra-fi;  2  to-pog'ra-fy,   ».     1. 

to-pog'ra-fy1',  J  The  detailed  description  (if  particular 
places;  the  art  of  representing  on  a  map  the  physical  fea- 
tures of  a  place.  2.  The  physical  features,  collectively, 
of  a  region.  [Ult.  <  (ir.  topos,  +  graphs,  write.] — to- 
pOg'ra-pher, re.  An  expert  In  topography.  to|>"o-graph'- 
Ic,  top"o-graph 'i-<  il.  (/       top"o-graph'l-cal-l>,  oiln. 

lop'ping,  1  top'nj;  2  top'ing,  I.  pa,  1.  Towering  high; 
eminent;  distinguished.  2.  Making  great  pretensions; 
arrogant.  II.  n.  1.  The  act,  of  one  who  tops,  in  any 
sense.  2.  That  which  forms  the  top  of  anything. — 
top'plngdlft",  n.  Naut.  A  rope  extending  from  the  lower 
masthead  to  the  end  of  a  boom,  for  lifting  the  boom. 


top'ple, )  1  top'l;  2  top'l,  vt.  &  vi.  [top'pled;  top'pling] 
top'lp,  J  1.  To  cause  to  totter  and  fall.  2.  To  totter  and 
fall,  as  by  its  own  weight.  3.  To  project  or  jut  out, 
as  if  about  to  fall.  [Intens.  of  top,  v.] 
top"sy-tur'vy,  1  tep"si-tur'vi ;  2  top"sy-tur'vy.  I.  a. 
Being  in  an  upset  or  disordered  condition;  upside  down. 
II.  adv.  Upside  down;  in  dire  confusion.  [<  top1,  n., 
+  so  +  turvy,  <  AS.  ge-  tyrfian,  to  roll.] 

toque,  1  tok;  2  tok,  n.  1.  A  small  close-fitting  brimless 
bonnet.  2.  The  tall  conical  head-dress  formerly  worn  by 
the  doges  of  Venice.  3.  A  black  velvet  cap  formerly 
worn  in  France.    [F.]    to-quet't. 

torch,  1  torch;  2  torch,  n.  1.  A  source  of  light  made  of 
pine-knots,  or  the  like  at  the  end  of  a  handle,  pole,  etc. 
2.  A  lamp  or  other  light  fastened  to  a  pole.  [  <  F. 
torche,  <  LL.  tortia,  <  L.  tortus;  see  torsion.] — torch's 
bear"er,  re.  One  who  carries  a  torch.  torch'erjf;  torch'- 
manf.-  torch 'light",  n.    The  light  of  a  torch. 

tore,  1  tor;  2  tor,  imp.  of  tear,  v. 

to-reu'tics,  1  to-rQ'tiks;  2  to-ru'tics,  n.  The  art  of  working  in 
ornamental  relief  or  intaglio,  especially  in  metal.  [  <  Gr. 
torcutikos,  <  toreuo,  emboss.] — to-reu'tlc,  a. 

tor-ment'd,  1  ter-ment';  2  tor-mgnt',  vt.  1.  To  subject  to 
excruciating  bodily  or  mental  suffering;  torture.  2.  To 
make  miserable;  afflict  or  vex  grievously.  Syn.:  see  per- 
secute.— tor-men'tor,  re.    tor-ment'erf. 

tor'ment,  1  ter'ment;  2  tor'ment,  n.  1.  Intense  bodily 
pain  or  mental  anguish;  agony;  torture.  2.  One  who 
or  that  which  torments.  3 ...  A  device  for  inflicting  tor- 
ture, as  the  rack;  also,  the  torture  inflicted.  [OF.,  <  L. 
tormenlum,  <  torqueo,  twist.]    Syn.:  see  agony;  pain. 

torn,  1  tern;  2  torn,  pp.  of  tear,  v. 

tor-na'do,  1  ter-ne'do;  2  tor-na'do,  n.  [-does2,  pi.]  A 
very  violent  storm,  of  small  extent,  usually  accompa- 
nied by  rain  and  often  by  lightning.  [  <  Sp.  tornada, 
return.]    Syn.:  see  cyclone. 

To-ron'to,  1  to-ren'to;  2  to-r6n'to,  re.  A  commercial  city, 
capital  of  Ontario  province,  Canada;  pop.  377,000. 

tor-pe'do,  1  ter-pf'do;  2  tor-pe'do,  n.    1.  [-does2,  pi.]    A 
device  or  appa- 
ratus containing  c^TJT] 
an  explosive  to  xc-ii 


^kT^T31^ 


i  j 


be  fired  by  con- 
cussion or  oth- 
erwise.    Specifi-   Bliss«Leavltt  Torpedo  with  War-head. 

Cally:  (1)         A      «.  tripping-lever;    6,    primer-case;    c,   moieture-top;  rf, 

Cigar  -  Shaped  J™1""1;" >j  ••  j"int.rii.f;  /,  buoyanuv.chaim.er;    ;,.  a.  air. 

.      °      a  ^  flask;   //.  n rtu'iii.chainl.cr;    i.  vuh  i  .etur  r.mipiirtiiK-iit, 

Doat,  noat,  Or  pro-^  turblneB;   *,  Rear.train;   I,  engine»cage;  m,  tail;,*,  pro- 
jectile   for    carry-  petlers:  u,  rudder. 

ing  a  powerful  de- 
tonating charge  under  water  to  a  hostile  vessel.  (2)  A 
submarine  mine.  (3)  A  metal  capsule  containing  a  fulmi- 
nate to  be  placed  on  a  railway-track,  to  serve  as  a  danger- 
signal.  (4)  A  cartridge  for  exploding  in  an  oil-  or  gas-well  to 
start  or  increase  the  flow.  (5)  A  toy  of  gravel  and  a  fulminat- 
ing powder  wrapped  in  paper.  2.  A  ray-fish  having  an  elec- 
tric apparatus  with  which  it  stuns  or  kills  its  prey,  numb'- 
flsh"f.  [L.,<  torpeo.  benumb.]— aerial  torpedo,  a  shell- 
like  missile  used  in  aerial  warfare. — tor-pe'dosboat",  n.  A 
small  swift  steamer  equipped  for  firing  torpedoes. 

tor'pid,  1  ter'ptd;  2  tor'pid,  a.  Having  lost  sensibility  or 
power  of  motion,  partially  or  wholly,  as  a  hibernating 
animal;  dormant;  numb;  figuratively,  sluggish.  I  <  L 
lorpidus,  <  torpeo,  be  numb.]  Syn.:  sec  lifeless;  numb. — 
tor-pld'1-ty,  n.    tor'pid-nessf.     tor'pld-ly,  adv. 

tor'por,  1  tor'par;  2  tor'por,  //.  Complete  or  partial 
insensibility;  stupor;  apathy;  torpidity.  [L.,  <  torpeo, 
be  Dumb.]     tor"po-rlf'lc,  a.    Productive  of  torpor. 

Tor-quay',  1  tor-ki';  2  t&r-ky'.  n.  A  seaport  borough  and  re- 
sort In  S.  England;  pop.  38,800. 

torque,  1  fork,  2  fork,  n.  A  necklace,  armlet,  or  collar  of 
wire:  worn  especially  by  ancient  (lauls  and  Germans. 
[<  L.  torques,  twisted  collar,  •    torqueo,  twist  ]    tore;. 

Tor"que-ma'da,  1  tor'ke-mii'tha;  2  tOr'kfi-mil'tiitt,  n.  1. 
Juan  de  (1545-1617).  a  Spanish  monk;  historian  of  Mexico. 
2.  Tomas  de  (1420  1498),  a  Dominican  monk;  Bret  In- 
quisltnr-general  of  Spain. 

tor're-fy,  1  ter'i-fai;2  torV-fy,  vt.  [-fibd;  -fy"in<!.]  Todry 
or  roast  by  exposure  to  heat.  [<  I.  torrefacio,  <  torreo, 
parch,    -I-  Socio,   make]      tor'rl-fyt.      t<»r"re-fac'f Ion.   PI 

tor'rent,  1  ter'ent;2  tor'fint,  n,  A  stream  of  water  Hon- 
ing with  great  velocity  or  turbulence;  hot ,  any  abun- 
dant or  tumultuous  flow.  [F.,  <  L.  turn  us,  <  tor- 
ren(l-)s.  ppr.  of  torreo,  parch  I      for-ren'tlal,  a.     -I>.  Btfl 

Tor'res,  1  tor'ez;  2  tor'eg,  n.  A  strait  between  Australia  anil 
New  ( Jnlnea;  80  m.  wide. 

Tor'res  Ve'dras,  1  tor'eSh  vS'drash;  8  tor'esh  ve'drash.  A 
fortified    town    near    Lisbon,    Portugal,    where    Wellington 

checked  the  advance  of  the  French  in  ihio. 
Tor"rl-cel'll,  1   tor'n-chcl'H:    2  tOrM-chel'li.    RvangellBta 


torrid 
Ir.n  c 


tt,  fl  i  ■         .         Ml.  p.. lice;   ol«'v.  gft;  n«»t,  flr;  full,  rfllr;  lnit.born; 

Alio.  i*t.  fgre,  list,  what,  nil;  mi,  g«t,  pr«y,  fBrn;  bit,  loo;  1-6;  I-  6;  go,  not,  <n,  won,        Sit 


»  n<    prln- 

rol     rl    i  ,  I    ll-illl,  u. 

lor  rid.  i  the  lull  force 

i   i  to  parch  or 

rcb  | 
n  .i.m.  I.  wisting, 

i  body, 

m  a  i 

lor  .1-1.11  i-i>.  i   au.it>    tor 

l.ir  .l.m-.il. 

truck  of  ;i  human  i 
'.  limbs.    |li  I 
inn .  .  civil  w  rang  by 

(or '( Inns. 

l..r    1I-.  ..1   Us,  \ 

the  oeek  which  draws 
L.  tonus         roBsioi 

i  01    I  i-i  "I   l.ir. 

tor  ill  .    .  |  or  -hi.  o.  Twisted  up  Into  a 

tor 'tl  vet,  a.     Twisted. 

tin  telle,  A.  turtle;  specif .,  one  of  a 

•  s,  as  distinguish!  .1  from  a 

n  stria!  :>-  distinguished  from  an 

■  I;  from  its  crooked 

i..r -i.ii.i-  shell' .    .      i.   i    -    shell  ot  the seanurtle, 

.  ■:>•  in  the  arts      ft.  A  cat   having  fur  mottled  with 

t.  shell,  a. 
r..r-m  «.,.  .  One  of  sevi  ral  West- 

-  daily  one  N.  W.  of  Haiti,  once  a  pirate 
Drj  l.ir  i  u-c-i- .  .  group  of  ten  Islands  S.W.  of  Florida. 
i..r  tii-mi..  .  hu-{or -tiu-Jtrs;  2  tor'chu-tor -tQ-]fie,  o. 

i bounding  in  irregular  bends  or  turns; 
erratic.     |<  L."  tortuosus,  <  tortus, 
-i>.  tor"tu-08'i-ty,n.    1. The  state oi 

t.ir  i ii-nii. -in-.-  .  2. Abend; winding. 
1'ir  lur.  .    .  ur  it  -tiur;  2  torVhur  nr  -ttir.      I.   tt. 

rerun;  tou'tiii-ixi,.]    1.  To  inflict  extreme  pain 
.:T.r  keenly,  in  body  or  mind.     2.    1  o 
rn  into  an  abnormal  form;  distort.   II.  n.  1. 
Infliction  of  or  subjection  io  extreme  physical  pain.     2. 
.  idicial  mode  of  getting  evidence  by  inflicting 
t.  atal  suffering;  agony.  [V.,<L.h'- tortus; 

Sra.:  see  agony;  pain.— tor'tur-er,  n. 
ioru|i.  iter         J  tor'up.  n.  [Local,  i".  s]  The  great  snap- 
ping turtle  of  Xorth-Aineriean  lakes  and  streams,   tor 'op;. 
I"  ru-.  .  .1.  1 -mi;  2 -rl.  /)/.)    1.   Arch. 

A  large  convex  molding,  di  rcular  In  cross>section. 

Ige,  as  on  the  oo  Ipltal  bone  of  tin- 
skull.   3.  i  ptacle  of  a  nower.    [L..,  elevation.] 

lor>.  L  I  ..  -  i'ry,  n.     [To'hiesz,  pi.}     1.  A  member 

of  an  itical  party,  originating  with  the  Cav- 

alier] deal.    Compare  Whiq.    2.  One  who 

dun:.-  . ;  volution  adhered  to  the  British 

[<  Ir.  toiridhe,  pursuer.] — To'r>'-ism,  n. 

I".-.  .  (tossed1  or  tost;  toss'ing.]    1. 1.    1. 

To  throw,  pitch,  or  fling  about.  2.  To  agitate.  3.  To 
throw  up  with  the  hand,  particularly  with  the  palm  of 
the  hand  upward;  pitch;  fling.  4.  To  lift  or  throw  up 
with  a  quick  motion,  as  the  head.  5.  To  bandy  about, 
as  something  discussed.     II.  i.     1.  To  throw 

2.  To  be  moved,  rocked,  or  blown 
aboil)  ■  or  a  flag.     [Cp.  Norse  lossa,  mi    n  | 

Synj  sec  throw.  —  toss'*pot"||,  n.  A  toper;  drunkard. — 
t.'Up.  i4  up,  as  of  a  coin,  to  decide 

a  b-  an  even  or  fair  chance. 

io...  I.    .  ,_'.     2.  The  state  of  being 

tossed  about.    3.  A  tose«up. 

t"t.   .  J  tot,  if.  4  rl.  [Colloq.,  Eng.]  To  foot  up;  add: 

with  up  or  to  (dwarf] 

tot,  1  tat ;  2  tot,  n.    A  little  child;  toddler.    [<  Ice.  tottr, 

to'tal.  1  ■  .-.1;  2  to'tal.  I.  vt.  [to'tai.i.d  or  to'tai.i.i.h; 
to'tal-ini;  or  to'tal-lino.1  1.  To  collect  into  a  total, 
or  a-  total  of.     2.  To  come  to  or  reach  as  a 

total.  II.  a.  1.  Being  a  total.  2.  Extending  throughout 
the  whole;  complete.  III.  n.  The  whole  sum  or 
amount;  tl  specially  when  considered  as  an 

aggregate  of  par-j  i    ,    <   1. 1.,  totalis,    < 

L.  lotus,  all.]     Si:.  see  radical;    (noun)  see 

aggregate:  mass. — to-tal'i-ty,  n.  1.  An  aggregate  of 
parts  or  individuals.  2.  The  state  of  being  whole  or  entire, 
to'tal- in-.. :.      Snuaee  MKJRWJ  ai.;  mass. — to'tal-lv . 

tote,  1  tot;  2  tot.  vt.    [tot*i  loq.,  local  U.  S.] 

1.  To  carry  or  bear  on  the  person,  as  a  burden.  2.  To  carry 
or  haul  supplies.    3.  In  arithmetic,  to  carry.  —  tot'er,  n. 

to'tein,  1  t'Vtem:  2  td'tem,  n.     A  natural  object,  as  an 

animal,  assumed  among  savages  as  an  emblem  of  a 

person  or  clan,  and  worshiped;  also,  an  image  or  pic- 

.  object.     (<  Massachusetts  Indian  Uruhtoh- 

Umoin,  that  to  which  a  person  or  thing  belongs.] — to-tem'- 


1.  .  to'tciii-lsm.  fi.      to'lcm  |lo.t'.  I.ilciii   pule",  n 

■  or  pole  on  » iii.'h  i. items  are  oan  ad  ..i  bung. 
loth  it.  i   i    n,   ■  .  .•  toth'er,  Indcf,  pron.  [Colloq   or  Pro\  i 

Of  THAT  >.i  ii hi  |     t'otliVr  ;. 

lO     ll-p.ll    111. lie.     L  It,    ,1         \\  holly 

webbed,  aa  a  bird's  fool     [<    i..  totus,  all,    |    palmate.] 

In     tl-p.ll-IM   I     II. Hi. 

ioi  i. ,-.  I.  ,i     i.  To  waver,  as  U  aboui 

to  rail;  walk  feebly,    2.  To  lose  strength  and  stability, 
inn -lur.-  or  ti.-.-;  shake  "i  lean  over,    II.  n      [ne 
ol  tottering.     [<  AS.  tealtrian.  <  (soil,  unateadj  ] 
.ti       iiiiii-r-.-r,    -      I  i(  (c.-Iiik.  o.     un- 
steady; variable    -i>.  tot'ter-y,  a, 
ion-can'.  i  tu-kfin'  or  tO'ken;  2  tu-efcn' or  tQ'can, n.    A 
large  fruit«eating  tropical  American  bird  with  immense 
mo.] 
touch  .  -  :              J  tttch,  r.    I.  /.    1.  To  be  in  or  oome 
luiii1'.                    tad  with,  especially  with  the  hand  or 
some  pari  ol  the  body;  hi I  or  strike  lightly.    2.  To  per- 
ceive bj  touch.    S.  Oeom     I  i  be  tangent  to.    4.  To  lay 

the  band  u] lightly.    5.  To  come  tear  to;  hence,  to 

attain  to;  n  ach;  as,  you  can  no!  touch  his  skill.  (>.  T.> 
(ineate  lightly,  as  with  a  brush  oi  pen;  re- 
touch. 7.  i  brings  of  a  musical  instru- 
ment; play  upon,  8.  Fo  produce  a  mental  impression 
!',.  rouse  the  emotions  of;  affect  with  tender 
fci  ling;  as,  to  touch  the  heart.     (2)  To  rouse  the  anger 

Of;  irritate;  Sting.  To  afflict.     !>.   To  treat  of  in  a 

hasty  manner;  handle  lightly,  as  a  text  or  theme.  10. 
To  relate  to;  concern;  as,  this  matter  touches  you.  II. 
To  m.  .1. II -with;  harm.  12.  To  affect  slightly ;  hence, 
to  impair;  disordei ;  render  weak  minded.  13f.  To  t.  si ; 
prove,  lit.  To  attack;  censure.  II,  ».  1.  To  he  in  con- 
tact. 2.  To  lay  the  hand  upon  a  person  for  the  cure  of 
e.  as  for  king's  evil.  Syn.:  see  conxern;  reach.  [< 
F.  toucinr,  touch,  ■-  OHG.  tueehen.]-  touch 'a-bl(c,  a. — 
touch'a-l>l  e-nc.s,  n.  touch 'or,  n. — toucli'lng.  I.  pa. 
Appealing  to  the  susceptibilities;  affecting.     Syn.:  see  i-iti- 

H  I..     II.  n.     1.  The  act  of  one  who  touches,     'i.  The  sense 
Of  touch.     III.  /in  p.    With  regard  to—  touch 'lllg-l>  , 
touch 'liiK-ness,   n.  —  touch 'y,   a.  [Colloq]  Apt  to   take 
e  on  slight  provocation;  irascible.    Syn.:  see  khktkul. 
t.uiciri-lj,  mlr.     touch 'i-ness,  n. 

touch,  n.  1.  The  act,  process,  or  fact  of  touching  or 
coining  in  contact  with,  or  the  state  of  being  touched; 
physical  contact.  2.  That  one  of  the  five  senses  that 
gives  the  impression  of  contact  with  external  material 
objects  or  their  impact  upon  the  body,  and  the  knowl- 
of  their  existence  or  properties.  3.  Any  slight,  or 
delicate  effort  or  effect,  as  of  brush  or  pen.  4.  Anything 
resembling  a  touch,  or  seeming  as  if  caused  by  a  light 
stroke.  (1)  A  light  attack;  twinge,  as  of  pain.  (2)  A 
trace;  tinge;  slight  quality  or  quantify.  (3)  A  weakness 
or  defect;  taint.  (■})  A  suggestion;  hint.  5.  Character- 
istic manner  or  method;  execution;  finish.  6.  Mus.  (1) 
The  resistance  made  to  the  fingers  by  the  keys.  (2) 
The  peculiar  manner  in  which  a  player  presses  the 
keyboard.  7.  Close  mental  correspondence;  accord; 
harmony;  sympathy;  as,  to  keep  touch.  8.  Something 
employed  in  examination;  a  touchstone.  9.  That  which 
-  .  as  a  criterion. — safety  touch '=down",  the  act 
of  touching  down  by  a  player  behind  his  own  goal  of  a  hall 
received  from  his  own  side. — touch '=back",  n.  Football. 
The  act  of  touching  the  ball  to  the  ground  behind  the  player's 
own  goal  when  it  has  been  kicked  by  an  opponent.  — 1.» 
down,  n.  Football.  The  act  or  play  of  touching  the  ball  to 
the  ground  behind  an  opponent's  goal. —  t. thole,  n.  The 
priming-hole  of  a  cannon.  —  t.:mc  =  not,  n.  1.  A  plant  whose 
ripe  elastic  seed-vessels,  when  touched,  burst  open  and  scat- 
ter the  seeds.  2.  Lupus,  a  skin»dlsease. — t.=paper,  n.  Paper 
made  8low«burnlng  by  saturation  with  saltpeter:  used  for 
firing  explosives,  as  In  pyrotechny. — touch 'stone"1,  /;.  1. 
A  finegrained  dark  stone, as  jasper,  formerly  used  to  test  the 
fineness  of  gold  by  the  color  of  the  streak  made  by  the  metal 
on  the  stone.  2.  Any  standard  of  merit  or  value. — touch '- 
wood",  n.     Some  soft  combustible  material  used  as  tinder. 

Touch 'Stone"*,  1  tucTi'ston";   2   tuch'ston",  n.     In  Shake- 
speare's As  You  Like  It.  a  witty  clown. 

tough, )  1  tuf ;  2  tuf,  a.    1.  Susceptible  of  great  tension  or 

tuf,      )  strain  without  breaking;  also,  of  a  close  texture. 

2.  Not  easily  separated;  tenacious.  3.  Possessing  great 
endurance.  4.  [Colloq]  Irreclaimably  vicious;  dis- 
reputable; vulgar.  5.  [Colloq.]  Difficult  to  accomplish ; 
laborious;  also,  severe.  6.  [Colloq.]  Hard  to  believe; 
incredible.  [<  AS.  tbh,  tough.]  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. — 
tough 'en,  vt.  &  vi.    To  render  or  become  tough  or  tougher. 

tough,  n.  [Colloq.,  U.  S. |  A  lawless  person;  a  rough. 
Tou"lon\  1  tu'loh';  2  tu"16h',  n.     A  French  seaport  and  naval 

arsenal  on  the  Mediterranean;  pop.  105,000. 
Tou'louse',  1  tQ'lQz';  2  tu'ius/,  n.    A  cathedral  city  of  8. 


1:  a  —  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    Iu  =  fewd;    dhin;    go;    X)  —  sing;    thin,   this. 
813         2:wplf,  dp:   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this. 


torrid 
trace 


A  bandage, 


France;  capital  of  the  former  County  of  Toulouse  (920- 
1271);  pop.  149,000. 

tou-pee',  1  tu-pi';  2  tu-pe',  n.  1.  A  little  tuft  or  lock  of 
hair.  2.  The  top  of  a  periwig;  a  small  wig.  [<  F. 
toupel,  <  OF.  loupe,  tuft.] 

tour,  1  tur;  2  tur.  l.vt.&vi.  To  make  a  tour  or  a  tour  of ; 
travel.  II.  n.  1.  A  round  trip  or  journey  or  a  rambling 
excursion.  2.  A  passing  around;  circuit.  3.  A  turn  or 
shift,  as  of  service.  [F.;  see  turn,  re.]  Syn.:  see  journey. 
— tour'ist,  re.    One  who  makes  a  tour.  —  tour-ls'tlc,  a. 

Tou"ralne',  1  tu"ren';  2  tu'ran',  re.  A  former  province  of  W. 
central  France;  capital,  Tours. 

tour'ma-lin,    \  1   tur'ma-lin,  -lin  or  -lin;  2  tur'ma-lin, 

tour 'ma-line,  )  -lin  or  -lin,  re.  A  translucent  black  or 
brown,  but  sometimes  blue,  green,  red,  or  colorless 
mineral,  used  as  a  gem-stone  when  transparent. 

tour'na-ment,  1  tur'na-ment  or  -mant;  2  tur'na-ment,  re. 
In  medieval  times,  a  contest  of  skill  between  parties  of 
mounted  knights,  using  blunted  weapons;  hence,  any 
contest  of  skill  involving  a  number  of  competitors  and 
a  series  of  games.  [  <  F.  tournoiement,  <  tournoyer, 
tilt,  turn  round]    tour'neyJ._ 

Tour"nay',  1  tur"ne';  2  tur"na',  re.  A  manufacturing  and 
cathedral  town  in  W.  Belgium;  pop.  37,300. 

tour'ney,  1  tur'ni  or  tur'm;  2  tur'ny  or  tur'ny.  I.  vi.  To 
take  part  in  a  tourney.  II.  n.  A  tournament.  [<  F. 
tournoi,  <  tournoyer;  see  tournament.] 

tour'ni-quet,  1  tur'ni-ket;  2  tur'ni-kSt,  n. 
etc.,  for  stopping  the  flow  of  blood  through 
an  artery  by  compression.  [F.,  <  toumer, 
turn.) 

tour-nure',  1  tflr-niur';  2  tur-nur',  n.  The 
curving  shape  of  a  figure;  outline;  contour. 
[F.,  <  toumer;  see  tourniquet.] 

Tours,  1  tur;  2  tur,  n.  A  city  of  W.  central 
France;  near  here  Charles  Martel  defeated  the 
Saracens  Oct.  10,  732;  pop.  73,000. 

touse,  1  tauz;  2  toug,  v.  [Prov.]  1.2.  1.  To  stir 
up,  as  a  row.  2.  To  tousle.  II.  i.  1.  To 
strive.  2.  To  stir  about.  [  =  G.  zausen,  pull.] 
touzet- — tous'er,  touz'er,  n. 

tou'sl(e,  1  tau'zl;  2  tou'gl,  vt.  [tou'sl(e)d; 
tou'sling.]  [Colloq.j  To  disarrange  or 
disorder,  as  the  hair  or  dress.  [Intens.  of 
touse,  v.]     tou'zl(et. 

Tous"saint'  POu"ver"ture',  1  tu"san'  lu"ver"- 
tirf;  2  tu"sah'  lu"ver"tiir'  (1743-1803).  A 
negro  general;  liberator  of  Haiti. 

tout,  1  taut  or  tut;  2  tout  or  tut.  [Colloq.]  I.  vi.  1.  To  ob- 
serve secretly;  spy;  specif.,  to  act  as  a  tout.  2.  To  solicit 
patronage  or  custom.  3.  To  follow.  II.  re.  1.  One  who 
touts.  2.  In  horse-racing,  a  spy  who  sells  to  sporting  men 
information  regarding  horses  entered  for  a  race. 

tout  en"sem'ble,  1  tu"toft"suh'bl;  2  tu"tah"san'bl.  General 
appearance.  See  ensemble.  [F.;  tout,  <  L.  lotus,  all;  and 
see  ensemble.] 

tow,  1  to;  2  to,  vt.  To  drag,  as  a  boat,  through  the  water 
by  a  rope;  also,  to  drag  behind  in  any  way.  [<  AS. 
Icon,  draw.]    Syn.:  see  draw. 

tow1,  n.  A  short  coarse  hemp  or  flax  fiber.  [  <  AS.  low  (in 
towllc,  of  spinning).]  —  tow'shead",  re.  A  person  with  flaxen 
or  with  tousled  hair. — tow'=hcad"ed,  a. 

tow2,  n.  1.  That  which  is  towed  or  dragged  by  or  as  by 
a  rope;  specifically,  vessels,  barges,  or  the  like,  drawn 
through  the  water  by  a  towboat  or  a  steam-tug.  2.  The 
act  of  towing,  or  the  state,  of  being  towed. — tow 'age, 
n.  The  service  of  or  charge  for  towing.  — tow 'boat",  re.  A 
boat  for  towing,  especially  a  stoutly  built  powerful  steamer. 
— tow'spath",  re.  A  path  along  a  river  or  canal  used  by 
horses  or  mules,  in  towing  boats. — tow=rope,  re.  Ion  line  j . 

tow3, 1  tau;  2  tow,  re.  [Scot.]  A  rope. 

to'ward,  1  to'ard;  2  to'ard,  a.  1.  Ready  to  do  or  learn; 
apt.  2.  Approaching  attainment  or  fulfilment;  immi- 
nent. [<  AS.  towr-ard,  <  16,  to,  +  -weard,  -ward.] 
Syn.:  see  at. — to'ward-ly,  a.  Heady  to  do  or  learn;  com- 
pliant; docile. — to'ward-ll-nt'ss,  re.  —  to'ward-ness,  re. 

to'ward,    )  1  to'ard,  -erdz;  2  to'ard,  -ards,  prep.     1.  In  a 

to'wards,  J  course  or  line  leading  to;  also,  facing.  2.  With 
respect  to;  regarding.  3.  Aiming  at  or  contributing  to; 
for.    4.  Near  in  point  of  time;  about. 

tow'el,  1  tau'el;  2  tow'el.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [t<>u 'i;u.i>  or 
tow'elled;  tow'el-ino  or  tow'el-ling.]  To  wipe  or 
dry  with  a  towel;  use  a  towel  for  wiping  II.  n.  1.  A 
cloth,  usually  of  linen,  for  drying  anything  by  wiping. 
2.  An  altar-cloth.  [Ult.  <  OHO.  dwahila,  towel.]— tow'- 
el-lng,  re.      Material,  as  crash,  for  towels,     tow 'el-llngf. 

tow'er,  1  ton'ar;  2  tow'er.  I.  vi.  1.  To  rise  or  overtop, 
like  a  tower.  2.  To  fly  directly  upward,  as  some  birds. 
II.  n.  1.  A  structure  very  tall  in  proportion  to  it..  det>1  b 
and  width,  and  frequently  forming  part  of  a  large  build- 


ing; properly,  a  structure  larger  than  a  pinnacle,  and  less 
tapering  than  a  steeple.  2.  Mil.  A  tail  wooden  movable 
structure  from  which  besiegers  formerly  stormed  a  for- 
tress. 3.  A  place  of  security;  fortified  place;  citadel 
[<  AS.  tur,  <  L.  turrts,  tower.]— tower  of  silence,  a  cir- 
cular tower  with  central  well,  having  a  high  outer  wall  and 
inner  platform  on  which  the  Parsees  expose  the  bodies  of 

their  dead  to  be  dissipated  without  polluting  the  earth 

tow'ered,  a.  Furnished  with  towers  for  ornament  or  de- 
fense.— tow'er-ing,  pa.  1.  Like  a  tower;  lofty.  2.  Marked 
by  violence  or  intensity;  furious.  Syn.:  see  high  — tow'- 
er-y,  a.     1.  Lofty.     2§.  Towered.  [bird,  the  chewlnk 

tow'hee,  1  tau'hl  or  to'hl;  2  tow'he  or  to'he,  re.  A  finch-like 
town,  1  taun;  2  town,  n.  1.  In  general,  any  considerable 
collection  of  dwelling-houses,  especially  as  distinguished 
from  the  adjacent  country ;  also,  the  people  of  such  place, 
collectively.  2.  [U.  S.]  (1)  A  territorial  division  estab- 
lished by  law  for  political  purposes.  (2)  A  subdivision 
of  a  county;  a  township.  (3)  A  political  division  of  a 
State.  3.  [Eng.]  Originally,  a  collection  of  dwellings 
enclosed  for  security  within  some  form  of  fortification; 
subsequently,  in  general,  any  collection  of  dwelling- 
houses  larger  than  a  village.     [<  AS.  tun,  enclosure.] 

—  town  clerk,  an  official  who  keeps  the  records  of  a  town. 

—  town'folk",  re.  People  who  live  in  towns  or  In  a  par- 
ticular town  or  city,  towns'folk"};  towns'peo"pief.— 
t.  hall,  the  building  where  the  public  offices  of  a  town  are 
and  whore  its  official  business  is  transacted.— t.  bouse.  1. 
A  town  hall.  2.  A  residence  in  a  town.  3.  An  almshouse: 
workhouse.  4.  The  town  prison. — towns'man,  re.  [towns'- 
men,  pi.]  A  resident  of  a  town;  also,  a  fellow  citizen.— 
town 'ship,  re.  1.  [U.  S.]  (1)  A  subdivision  of  a  county.  (2) 
A  tract  of  public  land  six  miles  square.  2.  [Eng.]  The  dis- 
trict belonging  to  a  town.     3.     [Austral.]     A  village. 

Tow 'ton,  1  tau'tan;  2  tow'ton,  n.  A  parish  in  N.  England, 
where  Edward  IV.  defeated  Henry  VI.,  Mar.  29,  1461. 

tox.,  toxicol.,  abbr.    Toxicology. 

tox-e  'mi-a,  1  toks-I'mi-a ;  2  t6ks-e'mi-a,  re.  Poisoning  or  a  poi- 
soned condition  of  the  blood.  [  <  Gr.  toxicon,  poison,  +  halma, 
blood]     tox-ae'mi-at.— tox-e'mic,  a.     tox-ae'micj. 

tox'ic,  1  toks'ik;  2  toks'ic,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  poison; 
poisonous.  2.  Due  to  or  caused  by  poison.  [<  Gr.1- 
toxikon,  poison,  <  toxikos,  of  the  bow,  <  loxon,  bow.]  tox'- 
i-calf.— tox'1-cal-ly,  adv.  —  tox-ic'i-ty,  re.  The  qualltv 
of  being  toxic— tox"I-col'o-gy,  re.  The  branch  of  medical 
science  that  treats  of  poisons. — tox"i-co-lQg'l-caI,  a.  -ly, 
adv.— tox"i-coI 'o-gist,  re—  tox'in,  re.  1.  Any  of  a  class  of 
poisonous  compounds  of  animal,  bacterial,  and  vegetable 
origin.    2.  Any  poisonous  ptomain.    tox'incf. 

toy,  1  toi ;  2  toy.  I.  vi.  To  dally  amorously;  trifle;  play. 
II.  a.  Resembling  a  toy;  of  miniature  size.  III.  re.  1. 
An  article  constructed  for  the  amusement  of  children ; 
a  plaything;  hence,  any  trifling  or  diverting  object.  2. 
Any  diminutive  object  imitating  a  larger  one  and  fitted 
for  entertainment  and  instruction.  3.  Wanton  play; 
dalliance.  4.  [Scot.]  A  head-covering  worn  by  old 
women.  5||.  Mus.  A  dance-tune.  6||.  A  quaint  utter- 
ance or  anecdote;  fancy.    [<  D.tuig,  tools.]    Syn.:  see  gaud. 

—  toy'ish,  a.  Diminutive  and  fanciful;  toy-like.  — toy '- 
man,  re.  [toy'men,  pi.)  One  who  makes  or  vends  toys.— 
toy'=shop",  n.    A  shop  for  the  sale  of  toys. 

tozet,  rl.    To  pluck;  worm  out. 

tp.,  abbr.  Township. — Tr.,  abbr.  Treasurer,  trustee. — tr., 
abbr.  Transpose,  trill. — tr.,  trans.  ,abbr.  Transitive,  trans- 
lated, translation,  transaction,  translator,  transportation. 

trace1,  1  tres;  2  trac,  v.  [TRACED*;  TRAC'lNG  ]  I.  I.  1. 
To  follow  (a  line  or  course)  as  with  a  pencil;  hence,  l<> 
sketch;  map  out.  2.  To  describe  or  define  in  general 
terms.  3.  To  copy,  as  a  drawing,  on  a  superposed  trans- 
parent sheet.  4.  To  form,  as  letters,  with  nicety.  5. 
To  follow  the  trace  or  tracks  of.  6.  To  hunt  out  proofs 
or  evidences  of.  7.  To  pursue  one's  way  along,  over,  or 
through.  Ilf.  i.  To  go;  proceed  on  one's  journey.  [  < 
F.  tracer,  trace,  <  L.  tractus,  pp.  of  tralto,  draw.]  -trace'a- 
bi(ei',  a.  ( 'apable  of  being  traced. — trae'er,  n.  One  who 
or  that  which  traces.  (1)  One  of  various  Instruments  used 
in  tracing  drawings,  etc.     (2)  An  Inquiry  forwarded  trom 

one  point  to  another,  to  trace  missing  mail-matter,  etc.      (3) 

Annt.  An  Instrument  fur  tracing  the  course,  as  of  vessels. 
— trae'er-y,  re.  [-rJBSz,  pi.]  1.  Arch.  Ornamental  stonework 
funned  of  ramifying  lines.  2.  Any  work  resembling  this. 
3.  The  art  of  tracing  or  of  making  iracery. — (rac'lng,  n. 
The  art  of  one  who  traces;  hence,  a  copy. 

trace2,  vt.  1.  To  fasten,  as  with  traces  2.  Sunt  To  haul 
up  and  fasten;  trice. 

trace1,  n.  1.  Any  vestige  or  mark  left  by  some  past 
event  or  agent,  especially  when  regarded  as  a  sign  "i 
clue.  2.  A  barely  detectable  quantity  or  quality,  3.  An 
imprint  or  mark  indicating  the  passage  of  any  person  or 
thing,  as  a  1  rack,  trail,  etc  1 1''.,  <  tracer,  see  traction.] 
s.vn.:  footmark,  footprint,  footstep,  nark,  memorial,  re 


t  r  .i  <• 
[MUM  rllx- 


1    a  ■   Art;   fat.  fare        I  r«V:    I. It.  poI*Mj    oh.-v.  grt;   not.flr;  full.  rale;   l.llt.bOrn; 

|:Mit,tp«,  iat.  tare.  (Act,  what,  nil;  mi,  gtt,  pr«y,  flrn; I     ■;  go,  rat,  «,  win,   M4 

ir.i.i.-.-.  \  n:i.i.  -wimi  trade'*wlnd"i  n  \  i. .  i .  i  -- 
wind  near  the  equator,  fron  the  northeast  on  the  oorth, 
tod  fr.mi  the  southeast  "ii  the  south  Bide  "t  the  line 

ir.i-iii  'Hon.  i  tre  diah'en;2  tra  dlsh'on,  n  I.  The  i  rant- 
mission  "i  knowledge,  doctrii  .  etc.,  from 

generation  to  generation  '!■  rhal  which  ti  bo  tram 
mittod;  atoi  banded  don n,  espe- 

oiallj  i"  unwritten  form;  sped!  ,  ■  I •■  >■  I \  ol  unwritten 
doctrine  banded  down  in  the  (  bri  tian,  i  peciallj  the 
Roman  Catholic.  Church,  and  in  the  Jewish  and 
Mohammedan  faiths     3.  A  ouatom  bo  long  continued 

thai  ii  baa  almost  i  In-  f"t f  a  law     4.  Law   Deliver) 

..I  pi.-  ession      IF  ,   <  I.   tradUio{n-) ,   <  (ri 

(in.  kk.'      ir;i-<il'iiini-al.  a     Relating  i"  or  depending  <>m 

tradition       tr:t-«ll 'I l«»n-:«-r>  ,   n     \    ii       tra-dl'f  lon-a-rl- 

i>.  bra-dl'tloo-lst,  n     tra-di'tinn-cr:.    tradl- 

llt   e  '   .  tra-dl'llon-al-l)  ,  OdV. 

lr;i-du«,»'',  l  trs-diQs';  2  tra-dOc/,  vi  [tba-ducbd'1; 
iih-ihi'im;]  To  misrepresent  wilfully  the  oonduot 
< »r  character  of;  defame;  slander.  [<  I.,  tradveo,  < 
tram,  over,  •  duco,  i<-:itt  i  s.vn.:  see  aspbbsb;  rbviij 
tra-due'er,  pi,  tra-due'l-nl(ep,  a.-  tra-dut-'ing-i),  adv. 
tra-duc'tlon,  n. 

Tra-lal'gar,  l  tre-fal'gsr  or  trafel-gfir';  2  tra-ftU'gar  or  trftf- 

al-gar'.  Cape.  A  ixilnt  in  S  \V.  Spain,  off  which  Nelson  de- 
feated the  French  and  Spanish  Beets  Oct.  21.  1805. 

traffic,  1  traf'ik;  2  trai'ic.  I.  tl  <J  m  [tbaf'fickbd'. 
tuak'ikt";  thai''ki<k-i.ni;.]  To  oonduot  commercial 
business;  barter;  buy  and  Bell.  II.  «.  1.  The  exchange 
of  goods,  wares,  etc.,  between  individuals  >>r  communi- 
ties; trade,  2.  The  business  "i  transportation,  as  by 
railroad,  8.  The  subjects  of  transportation  collectively; 
the  things  carried.  4.  [Soot,  or  Archaic]  A  business 
procedure; transaction; hence,  intercourse.  [<  F.  Ira  fie, 
traffle.  said  to  be  <  L.  tram,  across,    1    VtCiS,  change.) 

Syn.:  business,  commerce,  trade.  Commera  is  the  broad- 
est and  noblest  term  of  this  group.  Trade  may  be  local; 
commerce  is  always  extended  and  is  between  members  of  dis- 
tinct communities,  states,  or  nations;  as.  foreign  commerce; 
Interstate  commerce;  foreign  trade;  domestic  or  home  trade. 
Traffic  is  local,  as  between  different  parts  of  one  city  or  be- 
tween two  or  more  cities.  7  rod*  may  be  largely  by  letter  or 
telegram,  by  bills  of  exchange,  etc.;  irtffic  Involves  the  ac- 
tual passing  to  and  fro  of  persons  or  commodities  and  may  be 
applied  directly  to  persons  when  considered  as  in  some  way 
a  source  of  gain;  as,  the  passenger»fra/«c  of  a  railroad 
Traffic  always  suggests  stir  and  bustle;  as,  the  din  of  traffic; 
one  may  say  dull  trade,  but  scarcely  dull  traffic.  Compare 
synonyms  for  BUSINESS.-    traf'ttck-er,  n. 

trag..  abor.    Tragedy,  tragic. 

trag'a-eanth,  1  trag'h-kaiitli;  2  trag'a-canth,  n .  A 
white  or  reddish  mucilaginous  gum,  used  medicinally. 

trag'e-dy,  1  traj'i-di;  2  trag'e-dy,  n.  [-DIES",  /)/.]  1.  The 
form  of  drama  in  which  the  theme  is  solemn,  lofty,  or 
pathetic:  opposed  to  comedy.  2.  [T-]  Tragedy  personi- 
fied. 3.  A  fata)  event,  or  course  of  events;  dramatic 
incident.  4.  Subjection  to  extreme  and  protracted 
suffering.  [<  Gr. L+F  tragodia,  <  tragodos,  tragic  singer.] 
tra-gc'dl-an,  n.  1.  An  actor  in  tragedy;  loosely,  any 
actor.  2.  An  author  of  tragedies.— tra"ge"dlennc\  n.  An 
actress  of  tragedy.-  trag'lc,  a.  1.  Involving  death  or 
calamity;  causing  suffering.  '£.  Pertaining  to  or  having  the 
nature  of  tragedy,  trag'l-cal*.— trag'l-cal-ly,  adv.  trag'- 
lr-lyt.  trag'l-cal-ness,  ri.  —  trag"l-com'e-dy,  n.  A 
drama  In  which  tragic  and  comic  scenes  are  Intermingled.— 
trag"l-com'lc  or-l-cal,  a.     trag"l-com'l-cal-ly,  adv. 

tra'gus,  1  tre'gus;  2  tra'gus,  n.  [TBA'GI,  1  -Jul;  2  -gi,  pi  I 
Anal.  A  flattened  eminence  of  the  auricle  In  front  of  the 
external  ear.     [<  Gr.  tragos,  <  tragos.  goat;  see  iragbdy.] 

trail,  1  trel ;  2  trfil,  vt .  &  vi.  1.  To  draw  or  be  drawn  along 
lightly  over  a  surface;  drag  or  draw  after,  as  a  garment ; 
hang  or  float  loosely.  2.  To  follow  the  trail  of;  trace  3. 
To  form  or  leave  a  trail.  4.  To  grow  along  the  ground, 
rocks,  etc.,  in  a  creeping  way.  5.  [Western  I  S]  To 
fasten  behind  one  another,  as  wagons.  6.  To  remain 
in  the  rear— trail 'er,  n.— trail  'ing,  pa. 

trail,  n.  1.  The  track  left  by  anything  that  has  moved  or 
been  drawn  or  dragged  over  any  surface.  2.  The  t  rack 
or  indications  followed  by  a  huntsman.  3.  A  path  worn 
or]  beaten  in  going  from  place  to  place.  4.  Anything 
drawn  behind  or  in  the  wake  of  something;  atrain.  5.  A 
circumstance  or  circumstances  suggesting  and  guiding 
Inquiry.    [<  L.LL+OF  traho.  draw.)    Syn.:  see  trace. 

train,  1  trim;  2  Iran,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  bring  to  a  requisite 
standard,  as  of  knowledge  or  skill.  2.  To  bring  into  a 
required  physical  condition  by  means  of  a  course  of  diet 
and  exercise.  3.  To  lead  into  taking  a  particular  course 
or  direction;  point;  aim.  4.  To  draw  along;  trail;  allure. 
II.  i.  1.  To  give  education  by  instruction  and  disci- 
pline.   2.  To  go  into  a  course  of  exercise  and  discipline. 


trail,    vasttj 

intended  er  t!!t<M  lo  brln*  to  re 

..  .   Ii    maj    he 

:\  Might  totm  of  re- 

i  friend,  cither  I  <"n 

\ 

h  luw  existence  it  re 

-    human   Implements 

\  ilu.n  s  a 

pal-.  inn)   in-  merel) 

!  some  slight  evidence  ol  Its  pres- 

•    'ie  effect  it   h:ut  produced  ■■(  game 

illi)  i he  hunter      See  charactuubtic:  MARX 

ips  or  •chains  tor  oonnect- 

•  a  the  Bwingletzoe     |      I 

Ira'rhc-a.  1  tr#'ki 

1.       Ilie     Wltldpipe  ■-*.     Bd        \ 

lugh  | 

lr»chi-»l.  Irarlie-.nn:.      lr»~che-o( 'o-ni) ,  n.     The 

Into  the  windpipe. 
tra'ch>  t.  .  "  yt.  'i    /'-/'•"'. 

red.  rouKh  volcanic  roc*  t.r   tract  .  ■ 

tr.i-eii>  t  ie.       Petrol.  <  >f.  re- 
lalnlng    to    trachyte,     (ra'cli)-told,    a. 
similar  to  thai  ol  traohj  te. 
ir.u  k   .  i.i-  illow  the  tracks  of; 

ike  tracks  upon,  traverse,  as  on  foot. 
track 'a- hi  c  .        brack 'er,  n. 
tr.n  k    ,  -      1  <  1)  tnkken,  draw  ] 

ir.u  k.        I.  A  mark  made  hy  anything  that  has  gone  by; 
trat;  '.'•  ^beaten  path;  road;  race* 

■  ling  a  railway.     (  <  D.F 
:ruft.  <  triktea.  draw.]     Si'll.:  see  miiik    BOAD;  IBACB; 
WA1       tracU'le-s,  a.      I'nmarked   by   footsteps;   pathless. 
track  btb]  rhe  permanent  way  of  a  railroad . 

I  r  n  k  'age1,  1  trak'ij;  2  tr&k'ag,  n.    A  towing,  especially  of 
wit h  a  rope  from  the  towpath. 

track 'age^, ».     Railroad«traokB collectively. 

triM  .  1.  An  extended  area,  as  of  land 

'.'.  I    intinued  duration,  as  of  time.    :!• 

ipanse  or  extended  area,  as  of  an  organ  or  system. 
(  <  L.  lraau.<.  <  traho.  draw  i 

tr.ni  .  >n  some  question  of  religion 

[  <  L.LL  trot  I  ■  tl,  n] 

tract 'a-bl  e''.  1  trakt's-bl;  2  tract'a-bl,  a.    1.  Easily  led 
ntrotlledf manageable;  docile,    'i.  Readily  worked  or 
<  L.  traetabxlis,    <  tracto,  handle,  freq,  of 
fraAo.    draw.)      Syn.:    see    docile.  — tract"a-bH'l-ty,    n. 
tract  'a-bl  e-nest  tract  'a-bly,  adv. 

trac'tate.  1  trak't."t;2  trac'tat,  n.    A  short  treatise, 
trac'tllet,  s.     That  can  be  drawn  out.  — trac-tll'l-tyt,  n. 
TlBC  la'll  Bll  hill.   1   trak-te'n-an-lzm;  2  trac-ta'ri-an-ism, 
n.     The  Catholic  revival  In  the  Church  of  England  origi- 
nating at  Oxford  in  1833— Trac-ta'rl-an,  a.  &  n. 
brai    tion,  1  trak'shi-ii;  2  tr&c'shon,  a.     1.  The  act  of 
drawn. g.  as  by  motive  power  over  a  surface.    "'.  '  !on- 
traction,  as  of  a  muscle.    3.  Adhesive  or  rolling  friction, 
as  of  wheels  on  a  track.     [<  L.  tractus,  pp.  of  traho, 
draw.]  — trac'th  e-.  Having   or   exerting   traction.— 

trac'tor,  n     1.  one  who  or  that  which  draws.    2.  An  aero- 
plane propelled  by  one  or  more  tractor«screws. 
Iljfll.  :    2  trad.  r.     (trad'i.ij'1;  tkao'ing.]    I.  t.    To 

dispose  of  by  bargain  and -ale;  barter.  II.  i.  Toengage 
in  trade;  traffic  —  trad  'ing,  ;/'/  1.  Carrying  on  trade. 
2.  Corrupt;  venal.  St-  Pursuing  a  steady  course. 
trade1,  a.  1.  A  busini  as,  partacularly  a  skilled  or  spe- 
eialized handicraft.  2.  Mercantile  traffic.  3.  A  bargain ; 
deal      -  -  i  corrupt  bargain  in  patron- 

n  party  leaden     4.  The  people  following  a 
•.<-ular  calling.     5.  The  amount  of  business  or  ex- 
change don-  in  a  particular  place.     6.  Customary  pur- 
pation.   7.(<>  submarine  service  of 

British  navy.    Hi.  A  footprint;  trail.    9t-  A  path, 
passage,  or  way      10t.  Custom,  habit,  or  practise.    [< 

trod,  rootstep  tread.]     Syn.:  see  Bl  - 

traftic;  sa:-  trade  name.  L  The  name  by  which  an 
article  Is  designate*!  In  trafle.  "2.  A  name  given  by  a  manu- 
facturer to  a  proprietary'  article  or  the  like.  3.  A  style  of  a 
business  house  acquired  by  purchase  from  a  retiring  linn  or 
trader.— trade'sfall"ent,  a.  Ruined  In  trade;  bankrupt, 
t.  mark,  n.  A  Bymbol,  etc.,  legally  registered,  as  by  a 
merchant,  to  distinguish  his  goods  trad'er.n.  l.Onewho 
trades.  2.  Any  vessel  employed  In  a  particular  trade. — 
trader 'man,  n.  1.  A  retail  dealer:  shopkeeper.  2.  A  me- 
chanic— trades 'peo"ple,  n.  vt.  people  engaged  In  trade; 
--t  — trade'=u"nlon,  n.  Any  organized 
association  of  workmen  skilled  In  a  trade,  formed  for  their 
common  Interests.  trad es'>u"n ion  ;.  trade'=u"nlon- 
Ism.  n  trades'=u"nlon-Ism;.  — trade'=u"n!on-lst,  n. 
trades  '=u"nlon-lst ;. 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   able;    au  =  out;    oil;    10  =  feud;    diin;    go;    n  =  sires;    thin,   this.  trace 

815     2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   lull,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this,    transcribe 

trans-act'd,  1  trans-[or  tranz-]akt';  2  trans-(or  trang-]- 
act,  v.  \.t.  To  carry  through;  accomplish;  do.  II [|.  i. 
To  do  business      [<  L.  trans,  through,  +  ago,  do.] 

Syn.:  accomplish,  act,  carry  on,  conduct,  do,  negotiate, 
perform,  treat.  There  are  many  acts  that  one  may  do, 
accomplish,  or  perform  unaided;  what  he  transacts  is  by 
means  of  or  in  association  with  others;  one  may  do  a  duty, 
perform  a  vow,  accomplish  a  task,  but  he  transacts  business, 
since  that  always  involves  the  agency  of  others.  To  negotiate 
and  to  treat  are  likewise  collective  acts,  but  negotiate  implies 
deliberation  with  adjustment  of  mutual  claims  and  Interests, 
while  transact  implies  execution.  Notes,  bills  of  exchange, 
loans,  and  treaties  are  said  to  be  negotiated,  the  word  so 
used  covering  not  merely  the  preliminary  consideration,  but 
the  final  settlement.  Nations  may  treat  of  peace  without 
result,  but  when  a  treaty  is  negotiated  peace  is  secured;  the 
citizens  of  the  two  nations  are  then  free  to  transact  business 
with  one  another. — trans-ac'tor,  n. 

trans-ac'tion,  n.  1.  The  management  of  any  affair.  2. 
Something  transacted;  an  affair.  3.  pi.  Published  re- 
ports, as  of  a  learned  society. 

Syn.:  act,  action,  affair,  business,  deed,  doing,  proceeding. 
One's  acts  or  deeds  may  be  exclusively  his  own;  his  transactions 
involve  the  agency  or  participation  of  others.  A  transaction 
is  something  completed;  a  proceeding  is  or  is  viewed  as  some- 
thing in  progress;  but  since  transaction  is  often  used  to  in- 
clude the  steps  leading  to  the  conclusion,  while  proceedings 
may  result  in  action,  the  dividing  line  between  the  two  words 
becomes  sometimes  quite  faint,  tho  transaction  often  empha- 
sizes the  fact  of  something  done,  or  brought  to  a  conclusion. 
Both  transactions  and  proceedings  are  used  of  the  records  of  a 
deliberativebody,  especially  when  published :  strictly  used,  the 
two  are  distinguished.    See  act;  business. 

trans-al'pine,  a.  1.  On  the  other  side  of  the  Alps.  2. 
Across  the  Alps.— trans"at-lan'tic,  a.  1.  On  the  other  side 
of  the  Atlantic.    2.  Across  the  Atlantic. 

Trans"cau-ca'si-a,  1  trans'ke-kasli'a  or  -ke'stia;  2  trans'ta- 
cash'a  or  -oa'sha,  n.  A  region  in  southeastern  Russia; 
95,405  sq.  m.;  pop.  7,000,000. 

tran-scend'd,  1  tran-send';  2  tran-sgnd',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To 
rise  above  in  excellence  or  degree.  2.  To  overstep  or 
exceed,  as  a  limit,  especially  a  superior  limit.  II.  i.  To 
be  surpassing.  [<  L.OF  trans,  beyond,  +  scando, 
climb]  Syn.:  see  surpass.  —  tran-seen'dence,  n.  1.  The 
state  or  quality  of  being  superexcellent;  surpassing  eminence. 
2.  Theol.  Existence  in  a  sphere  or  mode  above  and  beyond 
that  of  other  beings,  tran-scen'den-cyj.— tran-scen'- 
dent.  I.  a.  1.  Of  very  high  and  remarkable  degree;  sur- 
passing. 2.  Above  and  independent  of  the  material  universe; 
spiritual.  II.  n.  That  which  is  transcendent  or  surpassingly 
great  or  remarkable,  tran-scen'dantj.  Syn.:  see  excel- 
lent; transcendental. — tran-scen'dent-ly ,  adv.  —  ir.in- 
scen'dent-ness,  n. — tran-scend'l-bl(ep,  a. 

tran"scen-den'tal,  a.  1.  Of  very  high  degree;  tran- 
scendent. 2.  Philos.  (1)  Pertaining  to  or  being  a  tran- 
scendent; not  included  in  any  of  the  categories.  See 
category.  (2)  In  the  Kantian  system,  having  an  a  pri- 
ori character;  transcending  experience.  (3)  Rising  above 
the  common  notions  of  men;  with  the  Cartesians,  per- 
taining to  body  and  spirit  alike.  3.  Wildly  speculative; 
above,  beyond,  or  contrary  to  common  sense. 

Syn.:  a  priori,  intuitive,  original,  primordial,  tran- 
scendent. Intuitive  truths  are  those  which  are  in  the  mind 
independently  of  all  experience,  not  being  derived  from  ex- 
perience nor  limited  by  it,  as  that  the  whole  is  greater  than 
a  part,  or  that  things  which  are  equal  to  the  same  thing  are 
equal  to  one  another.  All  Intuitive  truths  or  beliefs  axe 
transcendental.  But  transcendental  is  a  wider  term  than  in- 
tuitive. Including  all  within  the  limits  of  thought  that  Is 
not  derived  from  experience,  as  the  ideas  of  space  and  (line. 
"Being  la  transcendental.  .  .  .  As  being  can  not  be  Included 
under  any  genus,  but  transcends  theni  all,  so  the  proper- 
tics  or  affections  of  being  have  also  been  called  transcen- 
dental." K,»F.  Vocab.  Philos.  p.  530.  "Transcendent  he 
[Kant]  employed  to  denote  what  Is  wholly  beyond  experi- 
ence, being  neither  given  as  an  a  posteriori  nor  a  priori 
clctncnt  of  cognition      what  therefore  transcends  everj  cute 

gory  of  thought."  k.-i<\  Vocab.  Philos.  p.  581.  Transcen- 
dental has  been  applied  in  the  language  of  the  Emersonian 
school  tO  the  soul's  supposed  Intuitive  knowledge  of  tilings 
divine  and  human,  so  far  as  they  are  callable  of  being  known 

tr,  in:iii.  Transcendent,  transcendental,  ami  Intuitive  are 
opposed  in  empirical;  or,  according  111  tin-  philosophy  ol 
Kant,  transcendent  Is  opposed  i"  Immanent,  and  transcen- 
dental tn  empirical.    Bee  mysterious, 

tr:iii"scen-deii'(al-lsni,  n.     1.  The  State  or  Quality 
of  being  transcendental.    2.  in  common  usage,  that  which, 

In  philosophy  or  religion.  Is  visionary  or  BUbllmated,    3.  Any 

form  of  transcendental  philosophy.    ■!§.  Transcendence 
lraii"sceii-den'tal-lst,  n.     Iraii"sci>n-<lcn'(al-ly,  adv. 

(raiis-con"il-iien'(iii,  n.  Extending  or  passing  across  a  con- 
tinent; as,  a  transcontinental  route. 

tran-scrlbe',  1  trau-skraib';  2   trnn-serlb'.  vt.     [tra» 


[<  L.LL+F  traho,  draw.]  Syn.:  see  learn;  subdue;  teach. 
— train 'a-bl(ep,  a.  —  traln'er,  n.  One  who  trains;  one 
who  directs  a  course  of  physical  training,  as  for  a  boat=race 
or  prize=flght. — train  'lug,  n.  Systematic  instruction;  drill. 
train'mentf.    Syn.:  see  education;  learning;  nurture. 

train,  re.  1.  Anything  drawn  out  to  a  length,  or  any 
series  of  things  drawn  along,  as  a  line  of  railway=car- 
riages,  or  of  combustibles  laid  to  conduct  fire  to  a 
charge.  2.  A  succession  of  connected  things.  3.  A 
retinue;  suite.  4.  Something  drawn  along,  as  an  exten- 
sion of  a  dress=skirt;  a  comet's  tail.  5,  Mach.  A  series 
of  parts  acting  upon  each  other,  as  for  transmitting 
motion.  6.  Anything  calculated  to  allure;  artifice; 
decoy.  Syn.:  see  procession. — train '=band",  n.  A  militia 
organization,  especially  one  in  London,  England,  during  the 
Stuart  period.  —  t.sbearer,  n.  An  attendant  who  holds  the 
long  train  of  a  dress  or  robe.  —  train 'less,  a. 

train  Ylt.  re.    A  drag=net.  [the  fat  of  whales. 

train'=oil",  1  tren'=eil";  2  tran'=6il",  n.    Oil  tried  out  from 

trait,  1  tret;  2  trat,  n.  1.  A  distinguishing  feature  or 
quality  of  mind  or  character.  2.  A  line,  stroke,  or 
touch.    [F.!    Syn.:  see  characteristic. 

trai'tor,  1  tre'tar  or  -ter;  2  tra'tor,  n.  1.  One  who  betrays 
a  trust;  especially,  one  who  commits  treason.  2.  Hence, 
one  who  acts  deceitfully  and  falsely  to  his  friends.  [OF., 
<  L.  tradilor,  betrayer,  <  trado,  deliver.] — traI'tor-lsm§, 
n. — tral'tor-ous,  a.  1.  Inclined  to  treason.  2.  Involving 
treason,  tral'tor-lyt.  Syn.:  see  perfidious,  -ly,  adv. 
-ness,  n.  —  trai 'tress,  n.    A  traitorous  woman. 

Tra'jan,  1  tre'jan;  2  tra'jan,  Marcus  Ulpius  (56-117).  A 
Roman  emperor;  conquered  Par.thians. — Tra-jan'lc,  a. 

tra-jeet'§a,  1  tra-jekt';  2  tra-ject',  vt.  To  throw  or  cast  over, 
through,  or  across.  [  <  L.  trajectus,  pp.  of  trajicio,  <  trans, 
over,  +  jacio.  throw.] — tra-jec'tlon,  n. — tra-jec'to-ry,  n. 

1.  Physics.  The   path   described   by  a  moving   projectile. 

2.  Math.  A  curve  or  surface  intersecting  a  system  of  curves 
or  surfaces  at  a  constant  angle. 

tram,  1  tram;  2  tram,  n.  [Gt.  Brit.]  1.  A  street=railway 
or  street=car.  2.  A  railway  rail.  3.  Mining.  A  eoal=car. 
[<  O.  Sw.  tram,  log.] — tram'=car",  n.  [Eng.]  A  streetcar. 
— tram'way",  n.  [Eng.]  A  street«railroad.    tram 'road"!. 

tram'mel,  I  tram'el;  2  tram'gl.  I.  vt.  [-meled  or 
-melled,  -meld8;  -mel-ing  or  -mel-ling.]  1.  To  em- 
barrass with  hindrances  or  limitations.  2||.  To  entangle 
in  or  as  in  a  snare;  imprison.  II.  n.  1.  That  which 
limits  freedom  or  activity;  an  impediment;  fetter.  2. 
An  instrument  whose  parts  slide  on  a  rod.  3.  A  pen- 
dent hook  in  a  fireplace.  4.  Fishing.  (1)  A  net  mounted 
slaekly,  so  as  to  entangle  fish.  (2)  A  drag=net;  trawl. 
5.  A  net  for  catching  birds.  [  <  F.  tramail,  net.] 
tram'elt;  tram'ellt. — tram'mel-er,  n.   tram'mel-lerj. 

tra-mon'tane,  1  tra-men'ten;  2  tra-mon'tan.  I.  a.  1. 
Situated  beyond  the  mountains;  ultramontane.  2. 
Coming  from  the  other  side  of  the  mountains.  II.  n. 
A  foreigner  or  barbarian:  originally,  as  being  resident 
beyond  the  mountains.  [  <  It.  tramontano,  <  L.  trans- 
montanus,  <  trans,  over,  +  mons,  mountain.] 

tramp,  1  tramp;  2  tramp.  I1,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  walk  with 
heavy  steps.  2.  To  travel  on  foot;  walk  or  wander  aim- 
lessly. II.  n.  1.  A  heavy,  continued  tread.  2.  The 
sound  produced  by  continuous  and  heavy  marching  or 
walking.  3.  A  long  stroll  on  foot.  4.  One  who  walks 
from  place  to  place;  a  vagrant;  vagabond.  5.  A  steam» 
vessel  that  goes  from  port  to  port  picking  up  freight 
wherever  it  can  be  obtained,  ocean  I  ramp:  :  tramp 
steamer|:.  [  <  LG.  trampen.]— tramp 'er,  re.— tram'- 
pl(ep,  v.  [tham'pl(e)dp;  tkam'plinc]  I.  I.  To  tread 
under  foot.  II.  i.  To  step  heavily .  —  train  'pi  (e>',  /».  The 
act  of  treading  under  foot.  —  tram 'pier,  n. 

trail-,  prefix.    Same  as  trans-. 

trance,  1  trans;  2  tranc,  n.  1.  A  state  in  which  the  soul 
seems  to  have  passed  out  of  the  body;  an  ecstasy;  rap- 
ture. 2.  A  state  of  insensibility  to  ordinary  surround- 
ings; hypnotic  condition.  [  <  F.  transe,  fright,  <  L. 
transitus;  see  transit.]    Syn.:  see  dream.  [tran'kumt. 

tran'gam  i ,  n     A  worthless  person  or  thing,    tran'granit; 

trail 'q  nil,  1  trar/kwil;  2  tran'kwil,  a.  1.  Free  from  agita- 
tion or  disturbance;  calm:  said  of  persons.  2.  Quiet  and 
motionless:  said  of  things.  [  <  L.F  tranquillus,  quiet.] 
Syn.:  see  calm;  pacific;  sedate,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. — 
trail 'qull-lze,  vt.  [-IZED;  -IZ'ING.J  To  make  tranquil; 
soothe,  trail 'qull-lset;  tran'qull-llsc!;  Iraii'qull-ll/.ci. 
Syn.:  allay,  appease,  assuage,  calm,  compose,  hush,  lull, 
moderate,  pacify,  quell,  quiet,  soothe,  si  ill.  See  allay.— 
Ant.:  agitate,  alarm,  arouse,  disturb,  excite.  Inllainc,  rouse, 
stimulate,  stir.— tran"qiill-l-za'|or  -sa'jtlon,  n.  tran"- 
qiiil-ll-7,a'[or  -sa'ltlonj.  tran-qull 'll-ty,  re.  The  state 
of  Betas  tranquil;  rest;  quiet.     Syn.:  see  apathy;  rest. 

trans-,  1  trans-  or  tranz-;  2  trans-  or  trans.-,  prefix. 
Across;  beyond;  through.  |  <  L.  trans  ,  <  trans,  across.] 


transept 

n.iiii 


Art:  fat.  fs>        t  i  loo;  obey,  i 

i        .        .1  .1     ■  .       .  ,.       .•  UJ  hit, 


\:  not.  Or:  full,  role:  l.ni.  bflrn; 

»;  1-6;  I -B; gO,  not,  «...  iron,     S|« 


i 
I 

iran-.i Tlli  OC,  ir  in   M  ri|il  I 

ir.»n-*i  rip   lion,  I  |ll        S. 

1 1  i ii--<  r I p ' I l«iii- 

■I,  ir.m--.  rl|i    In 

ir.ui  ».  in.  ,.i  the 

■  he  i>.i\  ■■  and 

i  r  in  -.  .  pi        Iran-sop  La], 

ir.ui- li  r  .  i  uit)  >■'. 

I.         I.  To  remove, 

r  place  In  another 
:t.    , 

.  specially  prepared 
II.  gc  from  one  ear  or  line  to  another 

,   bear  ) 

ir.m>-fi  r  .i-iii  .■  .  i 'i.it    may  be   transferred, 

trans  i.r-.i   .         riir  person  towhoma  transfer  la  made. 
Ham  fft  "nil  i .  trans- fer'renee  . 

tr.ni  — f.r  Tit,  trans-fir  'nir  : . 

ir.m-  hr.  .  I'for;  2  trans'f  6r,  n.    I.  The  act  of  trans- 

.■    which  is  transferred,     .1.  A   place, 
I.  A  ticket  entitling  a 
pas.-  to  ride  on  another,  as  on  a 

.  lino,  without  paying  an  additional  fare, 
lltlH  Ml,  "BHi.  1  •    .   -  ;.--'yur;  2  trans-flg'yur,  vt.    [-in,'- 
.■.  )    To  change  the  outward  form  <,r 
.  .  irious;  idealise.    ( <  I. .' 
Syu.:  mt  i  in-,    i        lr.ni-.-liic"iir- 
a'llon.  •.     i.  t  transOgurlng.    S.  The  supernatural 

:t.    i  •]  a  restfr  al  commemorat- 
ing this:  Aiu.-  I  r.ni  —  Nif  lire-menl :. 

trans-Ox'  .  l  trans-files';  2  trans-AW,  vt.     1.  Tn  pierce 
..   ro  arrest  and  hcilil  as  if  impaled. 

.  through,  —  figo,  ilx.]  Sjti.: 
I r.tn  — fix  Inn.  ir.iii-"Hi-a'tlonJ. 
tliim  form',  1  •  .  j-ferm';  2  trans-form',  v.  I.  (.  1. 
To  give  a  different  form  to;  metamorphose,  2.  In 
alchemy,  to  transmute.  S.  Figuratively,  to  alter  in 
convert.  4.  Math.  To  change  (one  mathe- 
rna'.  >n  or  operation)  into  another  equivalent 

-  milar  properties.    5.  Elee.  To  change 
the  ;■  n  the  n  i»-  of,  as  a  current  from  higher 

■r  fpim  alternating  to  continuous.    (J. 
To  change  the  energy  of,  as  electrical  in1 
i-harucal,  or  the  n  ■  II.       To  be  changed  in 

be  metamorphosed.    [<L.rti  forma,  form.] 

Syn.;  BBS  I  B  UKI1 

Iran  — furiii  'a-bl  e>',    a.  —  trans'Tor-ma'tlon,  n.  — 

tran— form 'a-th  e»,  a.     trans-form 'er,  «. 

twin  file',    ii    trans-fiuV;  2   trans-fus.',  tt.     [traxs- 

t r.iii — I  ii/i     .  '       -li/;  ihaxs-h  -i.M,.]     1.  To  pour,  as 

a  fluid,  from  one  vessel  to  another.    2.  To  cause  to  be 

imparted,  instilled,  or  reproduced  in  new  shape  or  full 

blood)  from  the  veins  of  one  to 

her.    [<  L.  trans,  over,  -t-  /undo,  pour.] 

trans-fas 'er,  tran— fus'i-bi(ep,     a.— trans-fu'- 

-Inn.  i       tran  — fu  '-\\  •■  . 

trmni  jWll",  1  traris-Kns';  2  traiis-j>res',  v.     I.  t.     1.  To 

Is  of,  as  a  law;  violate.     '!.    I  o 

II.  1.1       break   a   law;   sin.       ».    In 

-p.   [  <  L.r  trans,  over,  +  gradior,  step.] 

Syn.;  see  BHi.  ik. 

trans  gross  T-M  •   .  a.      trans-gress'lnc-ly,  adv.— 
trail  — grt-.'«lnn.  n.     1.  The  act  of  transgressing;  sin.     'i. 

sis.  —  trans-gres'- 
*!»  i'.        -i>.  trans-gres'sor,  n. 

Iisii  ship', -meat,   .  cranbship,  etc. 

tnn 'stent,    .  ;it,   a.     1.   Passing 

in  a  brief  time;  of  short  duration; 
■  /  ■  I".  8  j  Not  permanent;  tem- 
3.  Proceeding  from  one  place  or  object 
imparted;  as,  transient  heat.     |  <  L.  tran- 
sien  l-,:.  ppr.  of  transeo,  <  trans,  over,  +  eo,  go.) 

Syn_-  brief,  ephemeral,  evanescent,  fleeting,  flitting,  fly- 
ing, fugitive,  momentary,   pis-.  ,  traii- 
sltory.     A  thing  is  transient  which  In  fact  Is 
thing  Is  transitory  which  by  Its  very'  nature  must  soon  pass 
away:  a  thing  Is  temporary  which  Is  Intended  to  last  or  be 
made  use  of  but  a  little  while:  as,  a  Iran  dent  Joy;  this  tran- 
sitory life:  a  temporary  chalrmat 
ing  b"t  for :.                              acre  strongly  than  / 
exceeding  brevity  of  duration;  it  agrees  with  transitory  in 
denoting  that  Its  object  Is  destined  to  pass  away,  but  la 


denoting  noi  only  us  certain  but  Its  Bpeed)  ex- 
tinction; thus  thai  which  is  spfutmerai  Is  looked  up 
Mine  siigin  mill  perishable,  and  the  word  carries  often  s  sug- 
"i  nf  contempt .  man's  life  is  transitory,  a  but  terfl)  '■•  ex 

v  111     n i   qualities  or   worthy 

,  omenta  a  pretender  may  sometimes  gain  an  i  pAi  meral 
popul  PI      ,v  hi  iii  Is  flu  if:,:  is  viewed  as  In  the  act  of 

ftlj  by,  and  that  whloh  Is  fugitive  as  eluding  at- 
tempts to  detain  It;  thai  wtJoh  la  evam  cent  Is  Id  the  sol  of 
vanishing  even  while  wo  gase,  as  the  hues  "t  the  sunset 

abiding,  enduring,  eternal,  overlastlng,  Immortal, 
Imperishable,  lasting,  permanent,  perp  tual,  pei  ilstent,  mi- 
lls Ing,  unfading 

trail  'slenl-l),   ads,        Iran  Meiire,   IraiiMrn-rj,   n. 

ir.in 'slent-nesi  , 
(ran 'sit,  l  tran'ml  I.  The  act  of  passing  nr 

carrying  over  or  through  ;passagi  '!.  \  pecino  passage 
or  routi  -l.  i  '  Cue  passage  of  one  heavenly  bodj 
,,\,  i  the  disk  '•!  another,  nr  over  the  meridian,  [F.,  < 
L.  transitu*,  <  transso;  see  tbansixnt.]   BmuseejotmNST; 

HOTIOM 

iraii—i 'tiuii.  n,  i.  Passage  from  one  place, condition, 
nr  an  ion  iii  another;  change,  t.  The  time  or  period  of  sm-ii 
passage;  also,  Its  pro-duel  nr  result  s.vn.:  see  chanoi  ;  ho- 
iin\     trans-rtioii-ai,  a.    -ly, ads.    - trans-l'tlon-a-ry, 

(j       tran's|-tl\  ve".      I.e.      arum.      Having  a  direct  object 

as  .i  verb.    II.  n.    A  transitive  verb,    -ly, adx     -ness,  n. 
iran-sl-lh  'l-Cy,  n      Iran'sl-lo-r) ,  a.     Existing    for  a 
Short   time  nnly;    transient.      Sj'Il.:  see  TRANSIENT,      trail '- 
sl-lo-rl-ly,  adv.-  trail 'sl-to-rl-ness,  n. 

trans-late',  l  trans-lst';  2  tr&ns-l&t',  v.  [tbanb-lat/bd<1; 
rRANB-LAT'iNQ.]  1. 1.  1.  Togive  the  sense  or  equivalent 
of,  as  a  word  or  an  entire  work,  in  another  language;  also, 
to  interpret ;  hence,  to  explain  in  other  words.  'I.  To  re- 
move, as  an  ecclesiastic,  from  one  office  to  .■mother.  3. 
To  change  in  form;  transform.  4.  To  render  apparent 
mvey  to  the  intelligence,  as  by  observation.  5||.  To 
convey  or  remove  from  one  place  to  another,  as  a  human 
being  from  earth  to  heaven  without  natural  death.  6||. 
'I'n  transport;  enrapture.  II.  t".  To  engage  in  changing 
dialect,  form,  or  tongue;  also,  to  give  form  to  ideas.  [< 
OF.  translater,  <  L.  trans,  over,  +  lotus,  borne.)   Syn.:  see 

IN  11  RPRET. 

trans-lat 'a-bl(ep,  a.  That  may  be  translated;  ad- 
mitting Of  translation,  -ness,  «.  —  trans-la'tion,  n.  1. 
A  translating.  2.  A  reproduction  in  a  different  language. 
Syn.:  see  definition.  —  trans-la'tor,  n.  1.  One  who  trans- 
lates; aNo.  an  interpreter.  2.  A  telegraph  repeater. — 
trans"la-to'rl-al,  a. 

trans-lit 'er-ate,  1  trans-lit'ar-et;  2  trans-llt'er-at,  vt. 
present,  as  a  word,  by  the  alphabetic  characters 
of  another  language:  distinguished  from  translate. 
[<  trans-  4-  L.  litcra.  a  letter.] — trans-lit" er-a'tlon,  n. 

trans-lu'cent,  1  trans-liu'sent;  2  tritns-lu'cSnt,  a.  Al- 
lowing the  passage  of  snme  light,  but  not  of  a  clear  view 
of  any  object;  semitransparent.  [<  L.  trans,  over,  + 
luceo,  shine.]  Syn.:  see  clear;  transparent.— trans-ln'- 
cent-Iy,  adv. — trans-lu'eenee,  n.    trans-lu'een-ej  J. 

trans-lu'nar,  a.  Situated  beyond  the  moon;  ethereal.  [< 
trans-  +  L.  luna,  moon.]  trans-lu'na-ryt.  —  trans"- 
ma-rlne',  a.  1.  Beyond  the  sea.  2.  Crossing  the  sea.  [  + 
I.,  marc,  sea.] 

trans 'mi-grate,  1  trans'nn-grC't;  2  trans'mi-grat,  vt.  &  vi. 
[-GHAT"EDd;  -orat"in<;.]  To  migrate,  or  cause  to  mi- 
grate, as  from  one  place  or  condition  to  another.  [< 
I.,  trans,  over,  +  miijro.  migrate.] — trans 'nil-grant,  a.  & 
n.  —  trans"ml-gra'tlon,  n.  The  act  of  transmigrating; 
especially,  the  supposed  passing  of  the  soul  from  one  body, 
after  death,  to  another;  metempsychosis.  —  trans"ml- 
gra'tlon-lsin,  n.  trans 'mi-gra"tor,  «.  —  trans-mi 'gra- 
co-ry,  a 

trans-mit',  1  trans-mit';  2  trans-nut',  vt.  [trans-mit'- 
ted<1;  trans-mit'ting.]  1.  To  send  through  or  across; 
pass  or  hand  down;  transfer.  2.  To  act  as  a  medium  of 
ge  for;  conduct.  [  <  L.  trans,  over,  +  mitto,  send.] 
Syn.:  see  carry:  CONVET;  send,  trans-mis 'si-bl(ep,  a. 
traus-mlt'ti-blei':. — trans-mis 'slon,  n.  trans-mlt'- 
tal:;  traiis-mlt'tanee:.  —  trans-mis 'slv(e»,  a.  1.  Deriv- 
able. 2.  Tending  to  transmit,  —  trans-mit  'ter,  «.  One  who 
or  that  Which  transmits:  (1)  A  telegraphic  sendlng-instru- 
ment.    (2)  That  part  of  a  telephone  Into  Which  a  person  talks. 

traiis"mon-lane',  1  tran.s"mon-ten';  2  tnins'mon-tan',  a. 
Situated  beyond  a  mountain  or  mountains.  [<  trans-  + 
L.  mons,  mountain .] 

trans-mote',  1  trans-miut';  2  trans-mQt',  tt.  [-mct'ed11; 
-mi  t'ini;.]  To  change  in  nature,  substance,  or  form; 
alter  in  essence.  [  <  L.  trans,  over,  +  muto,  change.] 
Syn.:  see  change.  —  trans-unit  'a-bl  (e>\  u.-traas"mu- 
ta'tlon./i  The  act  of  transmuting;  lnalehemy.  the  change 
of  a  baser  metal  Into  one  of  greater  value,  as  of  lead  Into 
gold.  Syn.:  see  change.— trans-mut'a-tlv(e8,  a.— trans- 
mut'ed,  pa.     trans-mu'tatef.— trans-mut'er,  n. 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    nu  =  o«t;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cfhin;    go;    D  =  amg;   thin,  this. 
817     2:wplf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


transept 
travel 


trail  'som,  1  tran'sam;  2  tran'som,  n.  1.  Carp.  A  horizon- 
tal piece  framed  across  an  opening;  hence,  a  window 
above  such  a  bar,  especially  a  small  window  above  a 
door,  tran'som jbar"J.  2.  A  horizontal  construction 
dividing  a  window  into  stages.  3.  Car=building.  In  a 
truck=frame,  a  cross=frame  tie=beam.  4.  Shipbuilding. 
A  beam  running  across  and  forming  part  of  the  stern* 
frame.  [<  L.  transtrum,  <  trans,  across.] — tran'sonu 
wln"dow,  re.  1.  A  window  divided  into  stages  by  transoms. 
2.  A  window  over  a  door-transom. — tran'somed,  a. 

trans"pa-dane',  1  trans"pa-den';  2  trans"pa-dan',  a.  Being 
beyond  the  river  Po.    [  <  trans-  +  L.  Padanus,  Po.] 

trans-par 'ent,  1  trans-par'ent;  2  trans-par'fint,  a.  1. 
Admitting  the  passage  of  light,  and  of  clear  views  of 
objects  beyond.  2.  Figuratively,  easy  to  see  through  or 
understand.  [F.,  <  L.LL  trans,  through,  +  pareo,  ap- 
pear.]   tran-spic'u-oust. 

Syn.:  clear,  diaphanous,  limpid,  lucid,  pellucid,  translu- 
cent. Whatever  offers  no  obstruction  to  the  vision  is  clear; 
limpid,  lucid,  and  pellucid  refer  to  a  shining  clearness.  A 
transparent  body  allows  the  forms  and  colors  of  objects 
beyond  to  be  seen  through  it;  a  translucent  body  allows  light 
to  pass  through,  but  may  not  permit  forms  and  colors  to  be 
distinguished;  plate  glass  is  transparent,  ground  glass  is 
translucent.  Limpid  refers  to  a  liquid  clearness,  or  that 
which  suggests  it;  as,  limpid  streams.  See  apparent;  can- 
did; clear;  evident;  manifest;  plain. — Ant.:  cloudy, 
dark,  dim,  obscure,  opaque,  turbid. — trans-par'ent-ly, 
adv.— trans-par'ent-ness,re. — trans-par  'en-cy,re.[-ciEsz, 
pi.]  1.  The  property  of  being  transparent.  2.  Something, 
as  a  picture  on  glass,  intended  to  be  viewed  by  transmitted 
light,    trans-par'encet  (Archaic).     Syn.:  see  perspicuity. 

trans-pierce',  vt.    To  pierce  through;  penetrate  completely. 

(ran -spire',  1  tran-spair';  2  tran-spir',  v.  [-spired'; 
-spir'ing.]  I.  t.  To  send  off  through  the  excretory 
organs,  as  of  the  skin  and  lungs;  exhale.  II.  i.  1.  To  be 
emitted,  as  through  the  skin.  2.  To  exhale  in  vapor.  3. 
To  come  gradually  to  publicity;  become  known;  leak 
•  out.  4.  [Erroneous.]  To  happen;  occur.  [<  L.F  trans, 
through,  +  spiro,  breathe.] — tran"spi-ra'tion,  n.  A 
transpiring  or  exhalation,  as  through  a  porous  substance  or 
through  the  tissues  of  a  plant,    tran-spir 'y  J  [Rare]. 

trans-plant 'd,  1  trans-plant';  2  trans-plant',  vt.  1.  To 
remove  and  plant  in  another  place.  2.  To  remove  and 
settle  or  establish  for  residence  in  another  place. — 
trans-plant',  n. — trans"plan-ta'tion,  n. — trans-plant '- 
er,  n. — trans-plant'ing,  n. 

trans-port',  1  trans-p5rt';  2  trans-port'.  Id.  vt.  1.  To 
carry  or  convey  from  one  place  to  another;  specifically, 
to  carry  into  banishment,  especially  beyond  the  sea.  2. 
To  carry  beyond  bounds  of  moderation,  as  by  violence 
of  passion  or  emotion.  3f.  To  take  out  of  the  world; 
kill.  II.  71.  1.  The  state  of  being  transported,  as  with 
passion  or  rapture;  in  the  plural,  the  varied  and  recur- 
rent emotions  that  characterize  such  a  state.  2.  Trans- 
portation. 3.  A  vessel,  rolling  stock,  or  other  means  of 
conveyance  used  by  a  government  to  transport  troops, 
military  supplies,  etc.  4.  The  act  of  transporting  con- 
victs. [<  L.p  trans,  over.+porto,  cany]  Syn.:  (verb)  see  carry; 
convey;  ravish;  (noun)  enthusiasm;  rapture— trans- 
port"a-bll'l-ty,  n.  —  trans-port'a-blCe1',  a.  trans"por- 
ta'tion,  n.  1.  The  act  of  transporting:  conveyance.  2. 
The  sending  away  of  a  convict  to  a  remote  place.  3.  [II.  S.] 
Vehicles  used  in  transporting;  also,  charge  tor  conveyance. — 
trans-port 'er,  re  —  trans-port'Ing,  pa  Enrapturing;  rav- 
ishing; ecstatic,  trans-por'tantj.     trans-port  '\ne-ly, adv. 

trans-pose',  1  trans-poz';  2  trans-pos.',  vt.  [trans- 
posed'; trans-pos'ini;.]  1.  To  reverse  the  order  or 
change  the  place  of;  interchange.  2.  Alt/.  To  transfer 
(as  a  term)  with  a  changed  sign  from  one  side  of  an 
equation  to  the  other,  so  as  not  to  destroy  the  equality 
of  the  members.  3.  Oram.  To  change  in  place  or  order, 
as  a  word.  4.  Mux.  To  write  or  play  in  a  different  key. 
.»  .  To  transform.  6t-  To  transport.  [  <  F.  transposer, 
<  L.  trans,  over;  and  see  pose,!).]  —  trans-pos 'a-lil(ep, a. — 
trans-pos 'or,  n.  trans"po-si'tion,  n.  The  act  of  trans- 
posing, or  the  state  <>f  being  transposed,  trans-po'salt.— 
trans"po-sl  'tion-al,  a. 

trans-shape't,  vt.  To  change  the  shape  of.  tran-sliape't. 
—  trans-ship',  vt.  To  transfer  from  one  conveyance  or 
line  to  another.  —  trans-shlp'nienl,  n. 

tran"sub-stan'ti-atc,  1  tran"sub-stan'sTii-et;  2  tr&n"- 
Bub-stan'shi-at,  vt.  |-at"i:i>'';  -at"ing.1  To  change  from 
one  substance  into  another;  specif.  (R.  C.  Theol.),  to 
change  the  substance  of  the  bread  and  wine  of  the 
eucharist  into  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ.  [<  L.''L 
trans',  over,  +  substantia,  substance.]— tran"siil>-stan"tl- 
a'tlon,  n.  1.  H.  C.  Ch.  The  conversion  <>f  the  eucharistic 
bread  and  wine  Into  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ.  2.  A 
change  of  anything  Into  something  essentially  different. 


\ZJ- 


tran-sude',  1  tran-siiid';  2  tran-sud',  vi.  [tran-sud'ed; 
tran-sud'ing.]  To  pass  through  the  pores  or  tissues,  as 
of  a  membrane.  [  <  L.F  trans,  through,  +  sudo,  sweat.] 
—  tran"su-da'tion,  n. 

Trans-vaal',  1  trans-voT;  2  trans-vaT,  n.  A  province  of  the 
Union  of  South  Africa;  110,426  sq.  m.;  pop.  1,686,000;  capi- 
tal, Pretoria. 

trans-verse',  1  trans-vurs';  2  trans-vers'.  I.  a.  Lying 
or  being  across;  athwart.  II.  n.  That  which  is  trans- 
verse. [F.,  <  L.  transversus,  lying  across,  <  trans, 
across,  +  verto,  turn.]    -ly,  adv. — trans- ver 'sal,  a.  &  n. 

Tran"syl-va'ni-a,  1  tran"sil-ve'm-a;  2  tran"syl-va'ni-a,  n.  A 
region  and  former  principality  in  S.  E.  Hungary;  21,000 
sq.  m.;  pop.  2,678,000. 

trap1,  1  trap;  2  trap,  v.     [trapped1,  trapt8;  trap'ping.] 

I.  t.  1.  To  catch  in  a  trap;  ensnare.  2.  Plumbing.  To 
supply  with  a  trap.  3.  To  release  from  a  trap,  as  glass 
balls.  4,  To  make  a  trap  in,  as  the  floor  of  a  stage.  5. 
To  stop  or  hold  by  some  obstruction:  said  of  a  liquid. 

II.  i.  1.  To  set  traps  for  game.  2.  To  operate  a  trap  for 
prize-shooting.  3.  To  be  stopped  or  impeded,  as  a  fluid. 
[<  AS.  traeppe,  trap.]— trap 'per,  n.— trap'ping1,  n. 

trap21,  vt.    To  adorn  with  trappings;  bedeck. 

trap1,  n.  1.  A  device  for  entrapping  game  or  other  ani- 
mals, as  a  pitfall.  2.  A  contrivance  for  freeing  pigeons  or 
glass  bolls  for  sportsmen  to  shoot  at.  3.  Any  artifice 
by  which  a  person  may  be  betrayed  or  taken  unawares. 
4.  Plumbing.  A  valvedike  contrivance  in  a  pipe,  etc., 
for  stopping  return  flow,  as  of  noxious  gas.  5.  A  trap» 
door.  6.  [Colloq.]  A  carriage.  7.  [Colloq.J  Any  rickety 
thing.  [  <  AS.  trseppc,  trap,  <  V  of  tramp.] — trap's 
door",  n.  A  door,  hinged  or  sliding,  to  cover  an  opening, 
as  in  a  floor. — trap 'fall",  n.  A  trap=door  yielding  under- 
foot.—  t.=line,  n.    The  ensnaring  filament  in  a  spider's  web. 

trap2,  n.  A  dark  eruptive  rock  of  columnar  structure. 
[<  Sw.trapp,  <  trappa,  stairs.]    trap'srock"t. 

trap3,  n.  1.  pi.  [Colloq.]  Personal  effects,  as  luggage;  also, 
household  goods.     2t.  A  trapping.    [<  LL.F drappus,  cloth.] 

tra-pan't,  v.  &  n.    Same  as  trepan2. — tra-pan'nert,  re. 

tra-peze',  1  tre-piz';  2  tra-pez',  re.    A  short  bar,  suspended 
by  ropes,   for  various   gymnastic   exer- 
cises.    [<  F.  trapize,  <  Gr.  trapczion;  see 
trapezium.] 

tra-pe'zi-um,  1  tre-pi'zi-um;   2  tra-pe'- 

zi-um,  n.     [-zi-a,  pi.]    Ge.om.     1.  A  four*     Trapezium. 

sided  plane  figure  of  which  two  sides 

are  parallel  and   the   other   two   are   not:    the   usual 

modern  use.    2.  In  Euclid's  terminology,  a  quadrilateral 

having  no   two  sides  parallel;   a  trapezoid.      [<    Gr. 

trapczion;    dim.    of    trapeza,    table.] — tra-pe'zl-form,    a. 

Having    the  form   of   a  trapezium. — trap'e- 

zoid,  n.     1.  A  four*sided  plane  figure  of  which 

no  two  sides  are  parallel.      2.  A  trapezium: 

Euclid's  term  for  this  figure.  —  trap'e-zoid, 

trap"e-zoi'dal,  a.  Trapezoid. 

trap'ping2,   1   trap'irj;  2   trap'ing,   n.       An 

ornamental  housing  or  harness  for  a  horse;  in  the  plural, 
adornments  of  any  kind.    [<trap2,  v.]  Syn.:  see  caparison. 

Trap'pist,  1  trap'ist;  2  trap'ist,  n.  A  member  of  a  very  strict 
Cistercian  order  founded  in  1140. — Trap'pist,  a. 

trash1,  1  trasTi;  2  trash.  I1,  vt.  To  strip  of  leaves;  prune. 
II.  n.  1.  Worthless  or  waste  matter  of  any  kind;  rub- 
bish. 2.  That  which  is  broken  or  lopped  off,  as  loppings 
of  trees,  trash'er-yj.  3.  A  worthless  person,  or  one 
of  ill  repute.  [<  Ice.  tros,  rubbish.] — trash'y,  a. 
Worthless.  — trash 'i-ly,  adv.  —  trash 'i-ness,  re. 

trash2.  I',  vt.  To  keep  in  cheek  as  with  a  trash  or  halter. 
II.  re.  Something  fastened  to  an  animal's  neck,  to  serve 
as  a  check.    [<  OF.  trats,  pi.  of  trait,  strap;  see  trait.] 

Tra"si-nie'no,  1  tra"sI-me'no;  2  tra"si-me/no,  re.  A  lake  In 
Umbrla,  central  Italy,  10  m.  by  8  m.,  where  Hannibal  de- 
feated the  Romans,  217  B.  C;  ancient  Tras"l-me'mis. 

trail 'ma,  1  tro'ma;  2  tra'ma,  n.  Any  injury  to  the  bodj 
caused  by  violence;  a  wound.  [<  (ir.  trauma,  <  frdo, 
wound.]— "trau-niat'lc.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  trauma; 
connected  with  or  resulting  from  a  wound  or  wounds.  II. 
re.  Any  medicine  or  application  efficacious  In  the  cure  of 
wounds,    -ly,  adv.     trau  'ma-tlze,  vt. 

Trav.,  abOT.     Traveler,  Travels. 

trav'ail,  1  trav'il;  2  trav'il,  v.  I||.  t.  To  weary.  II.  i. 
To  suffer  the  pangs  of  childbirth:  used  also  figuratively. 

trav'ail,  n.  1.  Labor  in  childbirth;  hence,  anguish  or 
distress  encountered  in  achievement.  2.  Hard  or  ago- 
nizing labor    |<)rig.  ■  travel.]   Syn.:  see  toil, 

trav'cl,  1  trav'el;  2  traVel,  <\  [trav'elbd  or  -elled, 
thav'ki.dh;  thav'ei.-ini;  or  -EL-LINO.]  I.  t.  1.  To  make 
a    tour   in    or    through;    journey    over.      2.    To    force    to 

journey;  drive  about,  as  cattle.    II.  i.    1.  'I'"  journey 

about;  visit  foreign  lands.  2.  To  move  in  or  as  in  space. 
3.  Mcch.  To  move  automatically  in  a  lixed  mode. 


""•,*'''  "  drt;   fat.  fa>  |  p  -«H  ;    I,  It.  police;    Obey,  gfl;   nnt.flr;   full,  rOle;    Iml.  l.Orn; 

I  r  I  till  II.  Krt,  ftp*,  (At.  tare,  list,  wl.i  ,  ,  >ii  i  ;  ,».  not.  01,  wAn.        MS 


ir  i>  i  i.        i  I.  \  narration  ol 

t.  \  mo\  ■ 
. .  •  •  i      I . 

ir.i\  'eledi 

lr.ii    .11.. I  Irit    ,l-.r.  Ir.n    .ill-cr';     tr»»  Yl-I.i 

irn    .  I-Iiik.  a  tr.n    .  l-llni;  :  i 

Ir  it    ,  \~Og,  \ 

(r.ii    Ot-OgUI 
I  r  it    .  r-.  .  .  u\\    i  RSI  l-'.   l  ii  \\ 

I.  I.    1.  ivcling; 

illy.      1.  To  make 

.     .     It    id 

pai  i  % 

4.    1  •  I'.'  I  urn  or  point . 

loth.-  right  II.       |.  i '..  move 

'.'.     I    I   turn  U  Oil   a   pivotj 

'.-  i be  posture  or  motions  "i 

.    i    ' '  ■  •    ■   . 

to  (rater-,     i   )   i  r .  1  ,   I, race  a 

lr.it  Yrx-.i-lil   ,■   ,  tr.n 'crs-cr,  n. 

trai    iTm- 

ir.it  itm,  i.    \  thing  oi  part,  aa  of  :i  meobanisrn 

rtructure,  that   traverses  or  crosses;  :i  oroaspiece, 

mothing  serving  aa  a  screen  or 

■  hwork      :i.  ■  ins\  ersaL    4. 

traversing  or  traveling;  :i  journey.    5.  The 

■  i   traversing  or  denying;  a  denial.     6.    \ 

while  beating  to  windward.    7. 

rt  line  tr..in  ■  main  line,  to  establish  the  posi- 

tr.ii   <tm-  jtl"r>,  •,       \  p.-tit  jury. 

tr.n   erset,  i  •  Irai  'cr-t. 

tr.it    .  r-tin.    1    tra\\.r-un;   2    trav'er-tin,    r».      A    porous. 

light-yellow,    calcareous    rock,    quarried   in    Italy    for 
•  s:    hardening   on   exposure.     |<    It. 

tr.n  Vr-llin-:.      tr.n  Yr-llii-uus,  a. 

tarmi  <■'- ij.  It  2  traVes-ty.    I.  it.    [-ttjed;  -tt- 

iNt.  rty  on;  burlesque.   Q.n.  [-tobb", 

pi.)    1.  A  grotesque  imitation;  burlesque,    'i.  In  litera- 
•  reatment  of  a  lofty  aubjecl     (  <  ( >F. 
I..  trun.<.  over,  +  vextio,  clothe.]    trav'- 
es  Met.   Syn.:  see  caricature, 
brawl,]  l.t    To  drag,  as  a  net;  troll.    II.  i. 

To  fish  with  a  trawMine,  trawl-net,  or  the  like.  |  <  F. 
-  drag  about  ;  trawl,  n  1.  \.  trawl. line.  3.  A  trawl- 
net.  traul:.  trawl 'er,  n.  I.  A  person  engaged  In  trawl- 
ing. '.*.  \  vessel  used  'or  trawling  or  one  used  In  con- 
junction with  another  for  sweeping  mines.  —  trawl'ing,  n. 
ir.itii'  tin.  tne,  of  great  length,  anchored  and 

buoyed,  and  having  hanging  from  it  lines  bearing  baited 

hooks       trot  '  line":.      t.  =  nct,/i      A  great  net  shape!  like  a 

ned  hag.  for  towing  on  the  bottom  ol  the  ocean  by  aboat. 

tray',  1  tri-;  2  tra,  n.    1.  A  flat  shallow  utensil  with  raised 

'.'.  A  shallow  bos  without  a 

r.  used  in  trunks  and  otherwise.     [  <  AS.  trig,  tray] 

tra)".  .  cation; trouble    trayef. 

tr.i)  '<trlp"t,  n.     An  old  gauie  with  dice.    [<  F.  trois  (<  I,. 

.    -    Tide]  [Tierces. 

Trl>..    iV>r.      [l..\      Trtbunus   (tribune).      Tr.t. — Ires.,   after. 

treaeb'ert,  it      \  traitor     breach 'er-ert;  breaeh'oart. 

trench 'er-y,  1  trecVer-i;2  trech'er-y,  n.  [-ibs",  pi.]  Vio- 
lation of  allegiance,  confidence,  or  plighted  faith;  per- 
fidy; treason.  (<  F.  tricherie,  treachery]  trechVr- 
I.-;   trei-li  'er->et.      Syn.:  see  FRAUD.  -  treach'er-oiis,  a 

..us.    Syn_-  Bee  uraioious;    pkrfj 
torn        fare  ii  h  er-iiiis-ij,  arft      breach 'er-ous-ness,  n 

tr.  id  ep,  1  tri'kl;  2  tr.-'cl,  n.  1.  The  .-imp  obtained  in 
refii  .  ji  inguiahed  from  molassi  s;  also,  loosely, 

'I.    \   -  ici-harine  fluid  of  certain  plant         :t. 

Originally, a  compound  used  as  an  antidote.     [■    01 

triad*.  V.  thtrlaque\ — trea'cly,  a.-    trca'cll-nesxj,  «. 

tread,    1    tr'-d.   2   t  r."  ■  1 ,    t.      [TROD;    IIi.id'i.kn;  thk.mj'im,  ] 

I.  (.    LTosI  p  or  walk  on;  press  with  the  feet;  also,  to 

trample.    '£.  To  accomplish  in  walking  or  in  danci  I 

to  tread  a  measure      II.  i      1.  To  place  the  foot  down; 

walk.    2.  To  bes<-t  down,  xs  a  foot.    [  <   \s  (redan,  tread.] 

tread,  n.    1.  The  set  or  manner  of  treading;  a  walking 

'-'•  .  ;  treads  or  ret  is 

in  moving,  or  which  affords  space  for  or  as  for  treading, 

.  whe.-i  or  runnel  thai  bears  upon  the 

ground,  the  upper  or  level  pari  of  a  -'air,  etc.    I 

trend 'er,  n      Breeding,  «.     tread  1  e  . 
n     I  I  by  the  foot     tred'die*..   -treadle, 

tre. i  die:,     (readier,  i      bread  'mill",  n.     1.  a  mecha- 
nism '  valking  motion   of   one  or  more  persons, 
.  ;.  a.s  a  pur.  !  what  similar  mecha- 
nism  operated  by  a  miadru[»d     :s.  Hence,  toilsome  effort. 
I"rea».. 

i  re  i  -on,  1  tri'zn.  2  trS'jn,  n      1.  Betrayal,  treachi 
breach  of  allegi  u 

eign  or  government.    2.  A  breach  of  faith;  trea 


1     '  ■■  :  it  0  U|>.   deliver  oi  01 .    Li  ll.it    I 

ir.  i  ion-a-bl  a  .    .      in-.i 'aon-oua :. 

•not.  ii.i-iin-.i-l.li. 

Ire. » 'sure,  |    ]     i ..      m  ,    :.'    i .,  .-h  u.        I.    ,t       [TRBjl 

tre'sure  ,  j  uk-inq.)    I.  To  laj  up  in  ttore;  aoou 

mill  '  x   and  i.tain  cao  Lilly  in  mm. I 

ally  with  up    S,  I  ■  at  a  high  value  upon;  prise     II.  n 

1,    I  ii.-   pi.  i  ion-  tala;   money;  jewels      '.*.    Riohea; 

\tealth     8,  Something  verj  precious      I   .   \  tn 

« .r  '  •  >  piso.       "in     (v(  rb)    ■  ■ 

.  iu  liisu ,  tnoui.i  s..  « i  ii  in  trea'sur-er,  tre'sur-era,  n 
One  who  has  the  care  of  a  troasurj  or  runda  trea'sure> 
house",  >i  a  place  where  things  ol  value  arc  stored  or 
Kept  L •trove,  n  Lau  Money,  plate,  or  the  like,  found 
bidden   In  the  earth,  etc.,   the  owner  being  unknown. 

trea'siir-).  Irc'sur-y*,  n.      |-iv.s'.  ;./  ]      I.  The  place  of  re- 

oelptanddiaburaementof  public  revenuea,  or  of  funds  belong- 
ing to  a  corporation  'i.  |T-|  The  department  oi  government 
that  has  charge  of  publlo  revenuea.  t.  A.  treasure«hou  i 
breatr*,  1  trlt;  2  trtt,  i  I.  I.  1.  To  condui  I  one  eli  (in 
Bpeoined  manner)  toward.  '£.  T.>  handle  with  a 
view  to  a  result;  apply  a  special  process  t.>.  .'{.  T.> . 
or  present  in  a  certain  manner,  as  id  writing  or  speaking 
or  in  art.     4.    [Colloq.]    To  gratify  with  some  unusual 

[.lea sure;  pay  the  expense  of  entertainment,  food,  or  es- 
pecially drink,  tor.  II.  i,  1.  To  handle  in  writing  or 
speaking.   '£.  To  arrange  a  treat.t  ,  negot  iate.   .'{.  [( lolloq  | 

To  pay  for  another's  pleasure  or  refreshment.    |  <  OF. 

and  !•'.  truitir.   <    I.,  trnctu.  freip  of  Iraki),  draw.]     S.VI1.:  see 

rRANBACi     treat 'er,  n.    treating,  n. 

treat,  n.  1.  Something  thai  gives  unusual  pleasure.  "'. 
Bntertainment  of  any  kind  furnished  gratuitously  to 
another.  '.I.  [Colloq]  One's  turn  to  pay  for  refresh- 
ment  or  entertainment,  especially  for  drinks,    -tn'at'- 

nient,  n.    The  act  or  mode  of  treating ;  specific  behavior. 
trea'tlse,  (  1  trl'tia;  2  trfi'tia,  n.    I.  \->  elaborate  literary 
brea'tls8)  (presentation  of  a  subject.   2t«  Discourse.   8f« 

A  treaty.     ]<  F.  traiti;  see  treaty.] 

trea'ty,  1  tri'ti;  2  tre'ty,  n.  [trba'tirs",  pi.]  1.  A  formal 
agreement  or  compact,  as  between  two  nations,  or  nego- 
tiations lor  it.  It.  A  treatise,  .'{f.  An  entreaty.  [<  F. 
iraiti.  <  U.^^lractalus,  pp.  of  Iracto,  handle] 

Treb'bl-a.  1  treb'bl-a;  2  trch'bi-a.  n.  A  river  in  N.  W.  Italy; 
near  it  Hannibal  defeated  the  Romans,  218  B.  C 

Treh'i-zond,  1  treb'i-zond;  2  treb'l-zond.  n.     A  City  Of  N.  E. 

Asia  Minor;  wnere  Xenophon'a  retreat  was  checked,  pop. 
55.000;  taken  by  the  Russians  April   Hi,  1916;  retaken  by 

the  Turks  >eb.  24.  1918, 

treb'l(e'',  1  treb'l;  2  trebl.    I.  si.  &  n.     [trkh'l(e)dp; 

TREB'lINO.]     To  multiply  by  three;   tri|ile.      II.  o.      1. 
Threefold    triple.     ?.    Afu8.    Soprano.     III.  n .     1.     1/" 
The   soprano.      S.    High   piping   sounds.      [OF.,     <    L. 
triptns.  Bee  triple,  «.]  —  treb'l  (e-iicssp,  n.— trebling,  n.~ 
treb'ly,  adv     Triply. 

tree,  1  trl;  2  tie.  I.  vt.  [treed;  tree'ino.]  1.  To  force 
to  climb  or  take  refuge  in  a  tree;  as,  to  ^r.  >  an  opossum. 
2.  Figuratively,  to  get  complete  advantage  of;  corner. 
II.  /i  1.  A  perennial  woody  plant  having  a  single  self* 
supporting  trunk,  the  whole  ranging  from  about  10  feet 
to  a  Considerable  height.  2.  Something  whose  outline 
resembles  that  of  a  tree;  as,  a  pictured  genealogical  tri  ■ 
■i.  A  timber  or  heavy  piece  of  wood,  as  in  a  framing 
4.  A  gibbet;  also,  a  cross.  [<  AS.  trio,  tree.]-  tree's 
calf",  n.  A  bright-brown  calf  binding,  stained  In  a  conven- 
tional treelike  design,  t.sfern,  n.  A  fern  In  which  the 
trunk  attains  a  treelike  size.  —  t.sfrog,  n.  An  arboreal  am- 
phibian, having  the  toes  dilated  with  viscous  disks.  t.« 
toadt.  tree'fui,  ».  —  t.dieath,  n.  An  evergreen  shrub 
of  southern  Europe,  about  1  feet  high,  with  while  Mowers. — 
tree 'hood,  n.  treeless,  a.  Destitute  of  trees,  -ness,  n. 
— tree'nall,  n.  A  wooden  peg  used  for  fastening  timbers;  a 
wooden  nail,  traii'iielj;  tre'nallt;  trcn'- 
iiel:;  trun'nelt.     [Incorrect  forms.] 

tre 'foil,  l  tri'foil;  2  tre'fbll,  n      1.  Anyone 

of  tie- clovers:    so  eallei]  t mm  t  he   trifolio- 

late  leaves.  2.  Arch.  A.  threclobed  orna- 
mentation. [<  L.*  fres,  three,  -^-folium, 
leaf.]  blrd's-foot  trefoil,  a  hardy  trailing 
perennial  of  the  Old  World,  with  brlghvyellow 
flowers,  somewhat  naturalized  in  i  he  eastern  United  States. 

trell'lage,  1  trel'ij;  2  trel'ag.  n.     [I.)     A  trellis. 

Treltsch'ke,  1  tralc^h'ka;  2  trich'ke.  Helnrich  (1834-1896). 
A  Qerman  historian  and  political  writer. 

trek,  1  trek;  2  trek.  I.  vi.  To  travel,  as  in  ox«wagons; 
migrate;  draw  a  vehicle  or  load.  II.  n.  1.  An  organ- 
ized migration,  as  for  tin-  founding  of  a  colony.  2.  A 
journey;  also,  a  stage  in  a  journey.  .'{.  The  act  ol  draw- 
ing    [  <  D.  trekken,  draw  ]    treckj.  —  trek'ker,  h. 

trellis,  1  trel'is;  2trSl'is.  V.vt.  1.  To  interlace  so  as  to 
form  a  'relli-.    -i.  To  furnish  with  or  la-t.-n  on  a  trelljs 


Trefoil. 


lrd  =  final;    I  =  habit:    aisle;    au  =  owt;    ell;     iu  =  fewd;    cTiin;    go;    T}  =  aing;    thin,    this. 
819       2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


travel 
tribune 


II.  re.  1.  A  cross»barred  grating  or  lattice,  used  as  a 
screen  or  a  support  for  vines,  etc.  2.  A  summer-house 
or  other  structure  of  trelliswork.  [  <  L.F  trichila,  tricla, 
bower. 1     trel 'licet.  —  trel'lis-work",  re.     Latticework. 

Trem"a-to'da,  1  trem"a-to'da;  2  trem"a-to'da,  n.  pi.  A  divi- 
sion of  worms;  flukes.  [  <  Gr.  trematodes,  <  trema(t-),  hole, 
+  eidos;  see  -oid.)  Trem"a-to'de-at.— treni'a-tode, 
a.  &  re. — trem'a-toid,  a.  &  re. 

trem'bl(ep,  1  trem'bl;  2  trem'bl.  I.  vi.  [trem'bl(e)dp; 
trem'bling.]  1.  To  shake  involuntarily,  as  with  fear  or 
weakness;  be  agitated.  2.  To  have  slight  irregular  vi- 
bratory motion,  as  from  some  jarring  force;  quiver; 
shake.  3.  To  sound  with  quivering;  quaver,  as  the 
voice.  4.  To  oscillate;  hence,  to  be  in  an  uncertain 
state  or  in  peril.  II.  re.  1.  The  act  or  state  of  trem- 
bling. 2.  pi.  Pathol.  (1)  Involuntary  muscular  agita- 
tion. (2)  The  milk«sickness  of  cattle.  [<  L.LL+F  tremulus, 
trembling.)  Syn.:  see  quake;  shake.— treni'bler,  re.— 
trem'bling,  pa.  &  re.— trem'bling-ly,  adv. 

trem'o-lo,  1  trem'o-lo;  2  trem'o-lo,  n.  Alus.  A  vibrating 
sound  produced  by  the  voice  or  instrumentally.     [It.) 

tre-men'dous,  1  tn-men'dus;  2  tre-men'dus,  a.  1. 
Causing,  or  fitted  to  cause,  astonishment  by  its  magni- 
tude, force,  or  consequences.  2.  Awe=inspiring;  terrible. 
[  <  L.  iremendus,  <  tremo,  tremble.]  Syn.:  see  formidable. 
— tre-men'dous-ly,  adv.— tre-men'dous-ness,  n. 

trem'or,  1  trem'ar;  2  trem'or,  n.  1.  A  quick  vibratory 
movement.  2.  Any  quivering  or  trembling.  [  <  L.F 
tremor,  <  tremo,  tremble.)    Syn.:  see  fear. 

trem'u-lous,  1  trem'yu-lus;  2  trem'yu-lus,  a.  1.  Char- 
acterized by  trembling.  2.  Showing  timidity  and 
irresolution.  3.  Characterized  by  mental  excitement. 
[  <  L.  tremulus;  see  tremble.]     -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

trench,  1  trendi ;  2  trench,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  dig  a  trench  in; 
cause  to  be  furrowed;  construct  trenches  against,  as  in 
military  operations.  2.  To  confine  in  a  trench.  3f-  To 
cut;  carve.  II.  i.  1.  To  encroach.  2.  To  cut  trenches. 
[<  OF.  trencher  (F.  trancher);  cp.  L.  trunco,  lop.] 

trench,  n.  1.  A  long  narrow  excavation  in  the  ground; 
ditch.  2.  Mil.  A  long  irregular  ditch,  lined  with  a  para- 
pet of  the  excavated  earth,  to  protect  troops:  often  with 
a  descriptive  word,  as  communication,  reserve,  shelter,  supply. 

trench'ant,  1  trench'ant;  2  trgnch'ant,  a.  Cutting 
deeply  and  quickly;  sharp;  cutting,  as  sarcasm.  [OF., 
ppr.  of  trencher,  cut.]    -ly,  adv. — trench 'an-cy,  n. 

trench 'er1,  1  trencri'ar;  2  trench'er,  n.  1.  One  who  digs 
trenches.     2.  One  who  carves. 

trench  'er2,  n,  A  wooden  plate  for  use  at  table.  [  <  OF. 
trenchoir,  <  trencher,  cut.) — trench 'er=knlght"t,  n.  A 
waiter. — trench'er-man,  n.  [-men,  pl.\  1.  A  feeder;  eater. 
2.  A  table  companion,    trench 'er=mate"i. 

trend,  1  trend;  2  trend.  Id.  vi.  To  have  or  take  a  general 
course  or  direction;  incline.  II.  n.  General  course  or 
direction;  bent.     [ME.  trenden;  cp.  AS.  trendel,  circle.] 

Trent,  1  trent;  2  trent,  n.  1.  A  fortified  city  in  S.  VV.  Tyrol, 
Austria-Hungary;  pop.  25.000.  Here  was  held  the  Council 
of  Trent  (1545-1563).  which  condemned  the  Reformation. 
2.  A  river  in  E.  central  England;  170  in.  to  the  Humber. 

trente'set=uua"rante',  1  trant'«S»ka"rant';  2  triiht'=e=ka"- 
riiht',  n.    Same  as  kouge«et=noir.    [F.] 

Tren'ton.  1  tren'tan.  2  tren'ton,  re.  The  capital  of  New 
Jersey;  pop.  110.000;  Washington  defeated  the  British 
Dec.  26,  1776,  and  Jan.  2,  1777. 

tre-pan'1,  1  tn-pan';  2  tre-pan'.  I.  vt.  [tre-panned'; 
tre-pan'ning.]  1.  To  use  a  trepan  upon.  2.  To  cut  a 
hole  partly  through,  as  the  hack  of  :t  brush,  for  the  in- 
sertion of  bristles.  II.  n.  1.  An  early  form  of  the  tre- 
phine. 2.  A  large  rock»boring  tool.  [  <  Gr.LI"+F  try- 
panon,  <  Irypab,  bore.] — trep'a-nize,  vt.  —  tre-pan 'ner,  n. 

trep-an '2.  |Scot.  &  Prov.]  I.  vt.  To  ensnare.  II.  n.  A  snare; 
trick;  also,  a  trickster.  [<  OF.  trappan,  <    V  of  trap1,  v.] 

tre-pang',  1  tri-parj';  2  t  re-pang',  re.  A  sea»slug  of  EasMn- 
dian  8688,  the  dried  flesh  Of  which  is  esteemed  as  a  delicacy 
by  the  Chinese.    |<  Malay,  tripang.]    trl-pang'i. 

trc-phine',  1  tn-fain'  or  -fin';  2  tn.-fin'  ar  -fin'.  I.  vt. 
[tue-imiinki/;  tre-phin'ing.]  To  operate  op  with  a  tre- 
phine,    II.  n.    A  cylindrical  saw  for  removing  a  disk  of 

bone  from  the  skull.     [  <  F.  trephine,  sec-  TREPAN1,  re.] 

trep"i-(la'tion,  1  trep'i-dfi'shan;  2  trep'i-da'shon,  n.  1. 
A  state  of  agitation   from  fear.     2.   An   involuntary 

trembling.  3||.  Confused  haste.  4,.  A  vibrating  01  vi- 
bration, as  of  leaves.  [OF.,  <  L,  trepidatio{n-),  < 
ireptdo, •tremble.]  Syn.:  see  jtbab.  trep'ldt,  «.  -trep'l- 
dan-cyf,  n.  -trep'l-date|.  vi.— tre-pld'l-ty{,  n. 
tres'pass,  1  tn-s'pas;  2  tres'pas.  I*.  vi.  t.  Law.  To  vio- 
late wilfully  ana  forcibly  t  be  personal  or  property  rights 
of  another;  commit  a  trespass:  with  071  or  upon.  2.  To 
pass  tin-  bounds  oi  propriety  or  rectitude,  to  the  injury 
of  another:  with  on  or  upon.  3.  To  violate  a  positive 
law,  rule,  or  custom:  with  agpinst.    II.  n.    1.  Any  volun- 


tary transgression  of  law  or  rule  of  duty;  offense.  2. 
Law.  Any  wrongful  act  accompanied  with  force,  either 
actual  or  implied,  as  wrongful  entry  on  another's  land, 
whereby  another  is  injuriously  treated.  [  <  LL.  trans- 
passo,  <  L.  trans,  over;  and  see  pass,  j>.1  Syn.:  see 
aggression;  attack;  offense. — tres'pass-er,  n. 

tress,  1  tres;  2  trSs,  n.  A  lock,  curl,  or  ringlet  of  human 
hair.    [  <  F.  iresse.] — tressed,  a. — tress'y,  a. 

tres'sure,  1  tresri'ur;  2  tresh'ur,  n.  Her.  A  bearing  around  the 
edge  of  a  shield.     [F.,  <  tresse;  see  tress.) — tres'sured,  a. 

tres'tl(ep,  1  1  tres'l;  2  tres'l,  n.     1.  A  beam  or  bar  sup- 

tres'sel8,  J  ported  by  four  divergent  legs.  2.  An  open 
braced  framework  f orsupporting  the  horizontal  stringers 
of  a  railway=bridge,  etc.  3.  Carp.  An  intervening  stud. 
4.  Naut.  (1)  A  trestletree.  (2)  pi.  The  props  of  a  vessel 
on  the  ways.  [  <  OF.  trestel,  <  L.  transtrum,  beam.] — 
tres 'tie-tree",  n.  Naut.  One  of  a  pair  of  pieces  at  right 
angles  to  a  lower  mast,  to  support  the  crosstrees,  etc. — 
tres 'tie- work",  ».     Trestles  collectively,     tres'tlingt. 

tret,  1  tret;  2  trgt,  re.  A  former  allowance  to  purchasers 
for  waste  due  to  transportation.    [  <  F.  trait;  see  trait] 

Tre-vel'yan,  1  tn-vel'[or  -vii']yan;  2  tre-vel'[or  -vll'Jyan,  Sir 
George  Otto  (1838-  ).  An  English  statesman  and  au- 
thor; Life  of  Macaulay. 

Treves,  1  trivz;  2  trevg,  re.  A  city  of  W.  Prussia;  pop.  49,000: 
an  imperial  free  city  in  the  16th  century.    TrlerJ  [G.]. 

trev'et,  1  trev'et;  2  trev'et,  n.     Same  as  trivet. 

trev'ls,  1  trev'is;  2  trev'is,  re.  1.  [Scot.]  A  bar  or  beam.  2. 
A  crosspiece;  partition.    [<  F.  travers;  see  traverse,  a.) 

trews,  1  triiz;2  trus,  re.  [Scot]  Trousers. 

trey,  1  tre;  2  tre,  n.  A  card  or  die  having  three  spots.  [<  F. 
trois  (<  L.  tres),  three.)    trayt. 

tri-,  1  trai-;  2  trl-,  prefix.  Three;  three  times;  thrice.  [  < 
Gr.  tri-  (<  treis,  three),  or  L.  tri-  (<  tres,  three).] 

tri 'ad,  1  trai'ad;  2  tri'ad.  I.  a.  Chem.  Having  a  com- 
bining power  of  three.  II.  n.  1.  A  group  of  three  per- 
sons or  things.  2.  Mus.  A  chord  of  three  tones.  [  < 
Gr."-  tria(d-)s,  <  treis,  three.]  — tri-ad'ic,  a.  &  n. 

tri'al,  1  trai'al;  2  tri'al,  re.  1.  The  act  of  trying,  or  the 
state  of  being  tried.  2.  That  which  tries  one;  trouble; 
hardship.  3.  Judicial  examination.  [OF.,  <  trier;  see  try.) 
Syn.:  see  affliction;  endeavor;  misfortune;  proof. 

tri'an"gle,  1  trai'arj"gl;  2  trl'an"gl,  n.  1.  A  figure,  espe- 
cially a  plane  figure,  bounded  by  three  sides,  and  having 
three  angles.  2.  Something  resembling  such  a  figure  in 
shape  or  arrangement.  (1)  A  flat  drawing=implement 
for  making  parallel  or  diagonal  lines,  etc.  (2)  Naut. 
A  sheers  made  of  three  spars  lashed  together  at  the  top. 
3.  Mus.  An  instrument  of  percussion,  consisting  of  a 
resonant  bar  bent  into  a  triangle  and  open  at  one  corner. 
[F.,  <  L.  triangulum,  <  Ires,  three,  +  angulus,  angle.) — 
tri-an'gu-lar,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to,  like,  or  hounded  by  a 
triangle.  trl'an"gledt.  2.  Concerned  with  or  pertaining 
to  three  things,  parties,  or  persons. — trl-an'gu-late,  vt. 
[-lathed11;  -lat"ing.)  1.  To  divide  into  triangles;  survey  by 
triangulation.  2.  To  give  triangular  shape  to. — trl-an"gu- 
la'tion,  re.  The  laying  out  and  accurate  measurement  of  a 
network  of  triangles,  as  in  surveying. 

Tri-as'sic,  1  trai-as'ik;  2  tri-as'ic.  Geol.    I.  a.    of  or  pertain- 
ing to  the  lowest  of  the  three  sj  stems  comprised  hi  the  Meso- 
zoic  era.    II.  re.    The  Triasslc  system  of  strata  following  the  ' 
Carboniferous  and  succeeded  by  the  Jurassic  system.     [< 
Gr.LL  trias;  see  triad.]    Trl'ast. 

tri"a-tom'lc,  1  troTa-tem'ik;  2  trra-t6m'ic.  a.  Chem.  1. 
Containing  only  tliree  atoms.  2.  Containing  three  replace- 
able univalent  atoms.    3.  Trlvalent. 

tribe,  1  traib;  2  trlb,  «.  1.  A  division,  class,  or  distinct 
portion  of  people.  Specifically:  (1)  A  body  or  number  of 
united  savage  clans  having  a  name,  a  dialect,  a  govern- 
ment, and  a  territory  of  its  own.  (2)  A  number  "I  pel 
sons  of  any  class  or  profession  taken  together;  often 
contemptuous;  as,  the  peddling  tribe.  2»  Biol  I  group 
of  plants  or  animals  of  indefinite  rank.  [<  F.  tribu,  < 
L.  trihus,  tribe.)     Syn.:  see  PEOPLE. — trl'bal,  a. 

trl'brach,  1  troi'brak;  2  trt'brae,  n.  Anc.  Pros,  a  foot  oom- 
posed  of  three  short  syllables.   [<  tri-  +  Gr.  brachys,  short.] 

tril>"ii-la'tion,  1  trib'yu-ls'shsn;  2  trlb*yu-lfi ,'shon,  n 
A  condition  <>f  affliction  and  distress;  suffering;  also, 
ih.it  which  causes  it.  I  !•' .  •  L.LI,+F  tribulatus,  pp  ol 
tribulo,  press.)    S.vn.:  see  affliction;  grief;  misforti  hi 

tri-bu'nal,  1  trai-biu'nel;  2  trl-bu'nal,  n,  I.  \  courl  ol 
justice;  any  judicial  body,  as  a  board  oi  arbitrators.  2. 
The  seat  set  apart  tor  judges,  magis!  rates,  eto,  3.  Eccl. 
A  confessional    I  L.,  <  tribunus,  t  ribune,      U  ibus,  t  ribe  I 

trib'uiic',  1  trib'yun :  2  trlb'yvn,  n  I.  Rom  Amu/  \ 
magistrate  chosen  by  the  plebeians  to  protect  them 
against,  patrician  oppression     'i.  <  ine  . .t  various  civil  or 

military    officers   of    later   times;    any    eliainpion   of    the 
people."   I<  I..1'  tribunus.]     trlli'une-slilp.  ft. 
trlb'unc2,  //..     I.  A  raised  floor  lor  the  ohair  ol  a  Roman 


(rlt)lllt'  '    (i  firt:   (at.  ik-         I  I      P»fcr;    hh.1       I  0  "        "t.flr;   full.  r01«>;   lull,  bOrn; 

lr((t.  |  |        k  |     .,  ,  ,       .  i     i     ,  I-e;  I  m  %;  gO,  not,  or,  «6u.       BM 


:.   \  I.  A  rostrum;  pint- 

lUNAI    ] 
irll>   Ml.  .  I. 

; 

v        trlli  ii- 
I  i-r*        1  I 

II  I 

i\  lin:  Into  another;  an 
irlb   <i-t.i-rl-l>  .  irlli  u-l.i-ri-iir^-.. 

trier.  1  !  K"   1Sl-  I    N 

i  lash:  commonly  with  up 

.  crash  i 

tru  . .  v  in  the  phi       in  ■  trice,   I  • 

tri-i.ii  hi- ii.  d:  2  trt-oAn'l-*!.  a.    Ot  or  pertain- 

g  place  every  thirtieth  year. 

• :.  thirty,    • 

annu-.  t rt    •  .  n-ti  i  n-o.i- 

iri  .  •  [i».  ■-.  n.    The  large  n   i 

tpper  arm,  of  which  the  function  is  to 
caput,  head  ] 
tn-.  in  ii. i.  2  tri-d'na,  n.    1-s.e.  />/.) 

.  thai  in  its  larval  stage  sometimes  infests  the  mus- 

:  Other  mammala       [<  dr.  thrix 

irirh '  i-ini'-i-.  ■,     The  disease  produced  by 

am  in  the  Intestines  and  muscles  of  the  body,    trlch"- 

i  -  hi  -.»-~i  - : :  trieht-nTUst.     tricht-nous,  a.     AJIected 

trlili'l-nadui-':  trlch"l-not  'let. 

rrit  ii"i-no|i  i>-li.  l  trtk*i-nep'o-b:  2  U1c*l-n6p'o-U.  n.    A  ca- 
i »-  •  i  >    I  23,600. 

trii  k  .  1  ink:  2  trtk.      t!   &  vi.      To  play  :i  trick  or  tricks 

irt 'chord,  ]  5rd:2  trl'efird.    4fl«.  I.  a.  Three-stringed. 

II.  \..    tluce»otrlnged  Instrument.    (<   tri-  4-   cr. 

ring.]  [threefold.  +  -tomv  ] 

irl-rlnii  'e-my,  a      I  >  .   -  on  Into  three  parts.    [<    Or.  trlcha. 

up»u:  delude;  cheat;  swindle.    Syn_*  see  deceive. 

irnk    .  1.    1'"  deck  oi  ornament,   especially  with 

■  hing  cheap  and  showy:  usually  with  out.    1  .  To 

.  old  rn:i t •  -ri:i I ~ :  with  «/>.     [<  trick1,  d.J 

triik.        1.  '.  -.  An  injurious  or  annoying 

;.      practical  joke.    4.  A  particular  habit  or  man- 

Bharacteristic;  trait.     5.  A  peculiar  skill  or  knack. 

S.  In  card-playing    the  whole  number  of  cards  played 

in  one  row         '•  ■  turn  of  one  sailor  at  the  helm;  a 

turn  or  spell.    8.  A  feat  of  jugglery.    [  <  L.OF  tricar,  < 

tricx.  trifles. 1     Syn_'  set-  aktiu<  k:  hi  W  i>.  -trlck'i-h.   a. 

Apt  to  be  tricky:  partaking  of  trickery.     -!>'.  adr.     -ness, 

iriik'-iir.      0      rho  plays  tricks;  a  cheat  trlck'or;. 

trick'sy,  l  ondol  tricks;  mischievous;  sportive,  cun- 

rtfuL     trick 

lriik'er->  .   1  trik'&r-i;  2  trlk'er-y,  n.     The  practise  ol 

tricks:  artifice;  stratagem.     Syn.:  see  deception. 
trick'er-)-,  n       Dressing  up;  decorations.  [tricky. 

tricking,    1    trik'irj;  2   trlk'ing,   pa.     Given  to  tricks; 
tricking,  a.    The  act  of  dressing  up;  also,  ornaments, 
trick 'I  e  .    1    trik'l;   2    trik'l,    rt.    &   ti.      [trick'l(e)dp; 
TkK  k'i.im;  ]    To  flow  slowly  or  by  drops;  drip.    [<AS. 
■an.  move  along.) 
trick 'le,  n.    The  act  or  state  of  trickling,  or  that  which 

trickle*      trick-lei;,         A  tiny  rill.  —  trick  1y,  a. 
trick 'track",  1  trik'trak':  2  trlk'trak*.  n.     A  form  of  back- 
■non:  specif.,  an  old  form  In  which  pegs  as  well  as  pieces 
used.     [  <  F.  trictrac,  backgammon]     trlc'trac";. 
trick'y,  1  trik'i ;  2  trik'y,  a.     1.  Disposed  to  or  character- 
by  trickery;  deceitful.     2.  Vicious,  as  an  animal. 
Syn  I  rick  'I-ly,  adr.     trick  'l-ness,  n. 

tri '<iil"or.    1   tr<ii'kul";>r;  2   tri'col"or.     I.  a.     Of  three 
iri  i  nl"orei|;;     tri'col"or-ousi;     tri'col"- 
niireir.   II.       1.  g  .,f  three  colors.  2,The  tricolored 

co' ■':.  .  nch  revolutionists.    tri'col"our+. 

tricot.  1  •-.'•    "  •  >F.)  trl'ko':  2  tri'co  or  (F.)  tri'co',  n.    1. 
A    hand-knitted   woolen-yarn   fabric,   or   a   machine-made 
Imitation  thereof.     '».  A  soft  ribbed  cloth.     [F.,  knitting] 
trl-<  ii-  pld.  1     -j    •      'ptd;  2  trt-eus'pld,  a.     1.  Having  three 
nts,  a-  a  molar  tooth  or  a  valve  of  the  heart.    2. 
•.ing  to  the  tricuspid  valve.    [<  L.  tricuspl(d-)s, 
■'■.  4-  cuspis,  point.)    trl-cus'pld-alt. 
tri'cy-cle,  1  trai'si-kl;  2  M'cy-el,  n.    1.  A  threcwheeled 
loapedc  class.    2.  A  motor-cycle  with 
three  wheels.    [  <  Gr.  treis,  three,  +  kyklos,  circle  ] 
trident,  1  trai'dent;  2  trf'dent,  n.     1.  A  three»pronged 
implement  or  weapon;  the  emblem  of  Neptune  (Posei- 
don); hence,  dominion  over  the  sea.     2.  A  fish-spear 
with    three    prong-.      3.   Math.   A    plane    cubic    curve 
somewhat  resembling  a  threcpronged  spear.     [<   L. 
triden't-ii,  <  tru.  three,  +  denU-is.  tooth.)  — trl-den'tate, 
a.     Having  three  teeth  or  prongs      trl-den'tat-ed;. 
tried.  1     '      .    2  trid.  pa.     Tested:  trustworthy. 
trl-en'ni-al,  1  troi-tn'i-al;  2  trt-en'i-al.     I.  a.     Taking 


i.\.i\  third  year;  also,  lasting  three  years     D.  n, 
.    \  oeramon]   or  even!  observed  or  celebrated  overj 
(luce  j ears     '-.'.   />'  .'     \  planl  lastinj 
i  - 1 1 . 

Iri  «-r  . 

I  rll  r    . 

I'rl-este'.   1    ;  >'.   n       I.  Glllf  Of,  an  Inlcl  of  the 

(V.  Austria;  pop  3  ifl  000 
Trt-esl '  .  i 

trriid.  i  in. i  '  id  Divided  Into  three  parts,    i 

iri  'He,  L  troi'fl;  2  trl'fl.    I.  rsr'PLXD;  rar'n        I 

l.  i..p     i,  as  time,  in  an  idle  and  purpoeoli    i  way:  gen- 
erally with  away.    8.  To  aol  without  dignity  or  serious- 
.:.  .  ie  to  1 1  h  ial  things. 

1.  i  play  aimlessly;  daily.  II.  ».  I.  Anything  of  very 
little  value  or  Lm.pi  '.'■  \  light  oonfeotion|  made 
usually  ol  whipped  oream  or  the  whites  ol  eggs,  with  the 
addition  of  fruit,  cake,  or  wine,  ■'{.  \  trarietj  of  pewter. 
I-  OF.  truffle.  Jest.]  trl'fler.n.  tri 'fling,  pa.  1.  Frivo- 
lous '.'.  Insignificant  S.vn.:  see  .  iin.pisii;  ipi.k:  insicmh- 
CAMT;  i  i  i  n.i  ;  BJDII  i  LOUS;  vus       trl  lllng-l) ,  adv. 

(rl-fo'li-ate.  1  tnii-fo'h -, !| .  2  ln-fo'li-al.  a.  Having  three 
leaves  or  leaf-like  processes.     (-.    nil-    I     n.i.nii',  O.]     Iri— 

fo'll-aC'i-il:.  trl-ro'll-o-late.  a.  Bot.  Saving  three  leaf- 
lets.— Trl-fo'll-lllll,  n.  Bot.  A  genus  of  small  plains  of  the 
Lean  family  the  clovers  Willi  tnfoliolale  leaves,  and  pur- 
ple, red,  white,  or  yellow  Bowers.     It   L.foHum,  leaf.] 

trl-fo'rl-uill,  1    tral-f6'n-um;  li   trl-fo'rl-um.   n.     [-KI-A,   pi.] 

A  gallery  al.ove  the  arches  of  I  he  nave  In  a  church.      [LL„  < 

I.,  tret,  three,  +  furis.  door]      trl-fo'rl-al,  a. 
trl'foniKMl.  1   inii'formd;  2  Irl'formd.  a.     1.  Having  three 

forms  or  shapes,     'i.  Consisting  of  three  parts  or  divisions. 

(rl'fornit. — trl-form'l-l> . 
trig,  1  trig;  2  trig.     I.  rt.     [TBIGGED.  THKii)H;  TRIo'oiNa.l 

T..  clink;  slop.     II.  ii.     A  check  or  brake.    [  <  TBIGOER.J 

trig,  a.     1.  Characterized  by  tidiness;  trim.    2.  Bound; 

firm.     [  <  lee.  tri/mir.  true.]     -ly,  adv.     -Ilt'SS,  n. 
trig.,  trlgon.,  abltr.    Trigonometry. 
trig'KtT,  1  trig';ir;  2  trig'er,  n.     1.  The  nnger«p:ece  of  a 

gun«lock  or  pistol-lock,  for 

releasing  the  hammer;  also, 

a  catch  or  small  lever  in  a 

trap  or  other  mechanism. 

2.  A   skid   or   trig.     [<  D. 
trekker.    puller.     <    trekken.      SfijSS 
pull.]  —  trlK'ger^ilsli",    v.  ^&*^ 
A    fish     found     mainly      In 
the  Indo-Paclflc  region,  with 

an     ovate      body     covered  Trigger-fish.     V12 

with     large     rough     scales: 

named  from  the  trigger-like  second  spine  of  the  dorsal  fin. 

til 'glyph,  I  1  troi'glif;  2  trl'glyf,  n.     An  ornament  in  a 

tri'glyf,  )  Doric  frieze  consisting  of  a  tablet  with  three 
parallel  vertical  channels.     See  Doric. 

trl'gon,  1  trai'gon;  2  trl'gon,  n.  1.  Math.  A  triangle:  espe- 
cially, the  triangle  of  reference  used  In  trlllnear  coordinates 
2.  Astrol.  (1)  One  of  four  parts  of  the  zodiac,  each  consisting 
of  three  signs.  (2)  Same  as  trine,  n.,  2.  [Gr.i-+r  trtodnon, 
<  Irtgonos,  trlangled.]  — trlg'o-nal,  a.    -ly,  adv. 

trlg"o-nom'e-try,  1  trig"o-nom'i-tn;  2  trlg"o-nom'e-try, 
n.  The  branch  of  mathematics  that  treats  of  the  rela- 
tions of  the  sides  and  angles  of  triangles  and  applies 
them  to  other  figures  involving  triangles.  [<Gr.  triu- 
Onon,  triangle,  +  -metron.  measure.  ]— trlg"o-no-iiiet'rl-cal, 
a.    trig"o-no-mct'rlct.  —  trig"o-no-met 'rl-cal-ly,  adv. 

trl  'graph,  n.  A  group  of  three  letters  representing  one  articu- 
late sound;  also,  the  sound  thus  represented.  [<  TRI-  + 
-GRAPH.] — trl-he'dral,  a.  Having  three  intersecting  sur- 
faces as  sides.  —  trl-he'dron,  n.  A  figure  having  three  sides. 
[+  Gr.  hedra.  base.]— trl'Ju-gate,  a.  Hot.  Having  three 
pairs  of  leaflets.  [+  L.  Jugum.  yoke]  trl'ju-gousl.— trl- 
lat'er-al,a.  Having  three  sides.  [+  L.  latus,  side.)  -\y,adi. 
— trl-lln'e-ar,a.  Pertaining  orreferrlngto  three  lines. — tri- 
llt'cr-al.a.  Consisting  of  three  letters,     trl-llt  'er-al-lsm,n. 

trill1,  )  1  tril;  2  trifl,  v.    I.  t.    To  sing  quaveringly  or  trem- 

trllp,  )  ulously;  pipe.  2.  To  utter  vibratorily;  roll,  as  in 
the  use  of  an  r.  II.  i.  1.  To  sing  with  a  tremor;  specifi- 
cally, in  vocalization,  to  execute  a  trill  or  shake.  2.  To 
give  forth  a  tremulous  sound.  [  <  F.  trilli-r,  trill  (imit.).j 

trlll=t.  c.  l.t.  1.  To  cause  to  turn  or  roll.  2.  To  hurl.  3.  To 
pour  forth;  eject.  II.  i.  1.  To  roll  along;  trickle,  as  tears.  2. 
To  oscillate.    [<  Dan.  trllle.  roll]     trllt;  trlllet;  tryllf. 

trill,  n.  1.  A  tremulous  utterance  of  successive  tones,  as 
of  certain  insects  or  birds.  2.  Mus.  A  quick  alternation 
of  two  notes  either  a  tone  or  a  semitone  apart;  shake.  3. 
Phonal.  The  sound  produced  in  the  utterance  of  some 
consonants,  as  r,  by  rapid  vibration  of  a  vocal  organ. 

tril 'lion,  1  tril'yan;  2  triTyon,  n.  A  cardinal  number:  in 
the  French  (also  U.  S.)  system  of  numeration,  a  million 
millions;  in  the  English,  the  third  power  of  a  million. 
[  <  It.  trillione,  <  L.  tres,  three.]— tril llontb,  a.  &  a. 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    oil;    Iu  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    n  =  8ino;    Chin,   this. 
821        2:wplf,  dft;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  6il,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


tribute 
trite 


trU'li-tim,  1  tril'i-um;  2  trll'i-um,  n.  A  liIy=of=the=valley  of 
North  America,  having  a  solitary  flower  and  a  red  berry. 

tri-lo'bate,  a.  Three=lobed;  having  three  lobes,  as  many 
leaves.  (ri-Io'bat-ed}:.— tri'!o-bite,  re.  A  three=lobed 
fossil  crustacean.— tri"lo-bit'lc,  a.— trl-loc'u-lar,  a.  Hav- 
ing three  ceils  or  chambers.     [+  L.  loculus,  cell.] 

tril'o-gy,  1  tril'o-ji;  2  tril'o-gy,  n.  [-gies,  pi.]  A  group 
of  three  literary  or  dramatic  compositions,  each  com- 
plete in  itself,  but  continuing  the  same  general  subject. 
[<  Gr.  trllogia,  <  treis,  three,  +  -logy.] 

trim,  1  trim;  2  trim,  v.     [trimmed,  trimd8;  trim'ming] 

1.  t.  1.  To  put  in  or  restore  to  shape;  adjust;  specifi- 
cally, in  carpentry,  to  dress;  smooth.  2.  To  make  or- 
derly by  removing  excrescences  and  ragged  edges; 
prune;  clip.  3.  By  extension,  to  remove  and  replace 
(arc=lamp  carbons)  with  new  ones.  4.  To  make  orna- 
mental or  decorative  additions  to;  provide  with  trim- 
mings. 5.  Naut.  (1)  To  adjust,  as  sails  or  yards.  (2) 
To  put  (a  boat  or  vessel)  on  the  best  line  of  flotation  by' 
adjustment  of  weight.  6.  [Colloq.]  To  chide;  chastise: 
sometimes  with  up.  II.  i.  1.  To  practise  time-serving 
or  double=dealing;  adjust  oneself,  as  to  the  wind.  2.  To 
be  or  keep  in  equilibrium:  said  of  a  vessel.  [<  AS. 
trymlan,  <  irum,  strong.]  —  trim'mer,  re.  1.  One  who  or 
that  which  trims.  2.  A  time*server.— trim'ming,  n.  1. 
Something  added  for  ornament;  in  the  plural,  articles  of 
equipment;  fittings.    2.  The  act  of  one  who  trims. 

trim,  a.  [trim'mer;  trim'mest.]  1.  Adjusted  to  a  nicety; 
spruce.  21".  Pretty;  fine.  [<  AS.  trum,  strong.] 
Syn.:  see  neat;  stanch. — trim'ly,  adv. — trim'ness,  n. 

trim,  n.  1.  State  of  adjustment  or  preparation;  proper 
fashion,  or  becoming  ornament.  2.  Costume;  dress; 
style.  3.  Naut.  (1)  Fitness  for  sailing,  or  condition 
while  sailing:  said  of  a  vessel  in  reference  to  the  disposi- 
tion of  her  ballast,  cargo,  masts,  etc.  (2)  Actual  or  com- 
parative degree  of  immersion:  said  of  a  vessel.  4.  Carp. 
Moldings  and  other  trimmings,  as  about  a  door. 

tri-mes'ter,  1  trai-mes'tar;  2  tri-mes'ter,  n.  A  three=monthly 
period;  quarter.  [<  tri-  +  L.  mensis,  month.] — trl-mes'- 
tri-ai,  a.    tri-mes'tralt. 

trim'e-ter,  1  trim'i-tor;  2  trim'e-ter.  Pros.  I.  a.  Consist- 
ing of  three  measures  or  of  lines  containing  three  mea- 
sures, tri-met'ricj;  tri-met'ri-calj.  II.  n.  A  verse 
consisting  of  three  measures,  as  the  iambic  trimeter. 
[  <  Gr.L  Irimetros,  <  Ireis,  three,  +  metron,  measure.] 

Trin.,  abbr.    Trinity.  [as  trundle. 

trin 'die,  1  trin'dl;  2  trin'dl,  v.  &  re.  [Prov.  Brit,  or  Obs.]  Same 

trine't,  vt.  Astrol.  To  place  or  join  in  trine. 

trine^t,  vt.  &  vl.    To  proceed;  go;  follow.    [<  Sw.  trina.] 

trine,  1  train;  2  trin.  I.  a.  1.  Threefold;  triple,   tri'nalj. 

2.  Astrol.  Relating  to  or  situated  in  trine.  II.  n.  1. 
A  compound  in  three  parts  or  elements;  a  trio;  triad. 
Specif.:  (1)  [T-]  The  Trinity.  (2)  Her.  A  charge  com- 
posed of  three  objects.  2.  Astrol.  The  aspect  of  two 
planets  when  120°  apart.   [  <  L.  trinus,<  tres,  three.] 

Tnn"i-dad',  1  trin"i-dad';  2  trln"i-dad',  n.  An  island  In  the 
British  West  Indies;  1,754  sq.  m.;  pop.  364,500;  capital. 
Port  of  Spain. 

trin'i-ty,  1  trin'i-ti;  2  trin'i-ty,  n.  J-tiesz,  pi]  1.  [T-] 
Theol.  A  threefold  personality  existing  in  the  one  divine 
being  or  substance;  the  union  in  one  God  of  Father,  Son, 
and  Holy  Spirit  as  three  infinite  persons.  2.  Art.  A  sym- 
bolic, representation  of  the  Trinity.  3.  [T-]  Trinity 
Sunday.  4.  The  state  or  character  of  being  three;  also, 
any  union  of  three  parts  or  elements  in  one.  [<  LL.F 
trinilas,  <  L.  trinus,  threefold.]  Trln'i-ty  Sun'day,  the 
Sunday  after  Whitsunday,  sacred  to  the  Trinity.—  Trin"i- 
ta'rl-an.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  the  Trinity.  II.  re.  A  believer 
In  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity.— Trin"l-ta'rl-aii-ism,  n. 

trin'ket,  1  trir/kei ;  2  trin'ket,  n.  Any  small  ornament, 
as  of  jewelry.    [ <  OF.  trenchet,  knife.]    Syn.:  see  gaud. 

tri-no'mi-al,  1  t.rcii-no'mi-al;  2  trl-no'mi-al.  I.  a.  Hav- 
ing or  employing  three  terms  or  names.  II.  n.  An 
algebraic  expression  consisting  of  three  terms.  [  <  TRI- 
+  h.  nomen,  name.]    trl-nom'l-iialt;  trl-on'y-malt. 

tri'o,  1  trl'o  »r  trai'o;  2  tri'o  or  trl'o,  n.  1.  Any  three 
things  associated  together.  2.  Mus.  A  composition  for 
three  performers.    [It.,  <  L.  Ires,  three.] 

trl'o-let,  1  tral'o-let;  2  trl'o-let.  re.  A  stanza  of  eight  lines  on 
two  rimes,  the  first  line  repeated  as  the  fourth  anil  seventh 
and  i tie  second  as  the  eighth, 

irl'o-nal,  ]  tml'o-nsl;  2  trl'o-nal.  n.  Chem.  A  colorless  crys- 
talline compound  used  as  a  hypnotic.    [<  Gr.  trels,  three] 

trip,  1  trip;  2  trip,  v.  [TBIPPED1,  TBIPT,  TBIp'pINO.]  I.  (. 
1.  To  cause  (one)  to  stumble,  or  fall.  2.  To  detect  anil 
■  expose  in  an  error  or  blunder.  3.  To  perfoi  m  (a  dance) 
lightly  or  nimbly.  4.  To  move  lightly  and  rhythmically, 
as  the  feet.  a.  nfech.  To  free,  as  by  pulling  away  --i  stay, 
catch,  trigger,  etc.     6.  Naut.  To  loosen,  as  an  anchor 


Tripartite  Leaf. 


from  the  bottom,  by  a  long  rope  or  cable.  7.  To  fold  (a 
deep  theater=drop,  etc.)  in  the  middle.  II.  i.  1.  To 
move  quickly  with  light  and  nimble  steps.  2.  To  make 
a  misstep;  stumble;  commit  an  error.  [<  V  of  tramp.] 
— trip'  =  ham"mer,  re.  A  tilt-hammer. — trip'ping-ly,  adv. 
In  a  tripping  manner;  nimbly. 

trip,  n.  1.  A  short  journey;  excursion;  jaunt.  2.  A  mis- 
step or  stumble.  3.  A  nimble  step.  4.  The  number  of 
fish  caught  in  an  excursion.  5.  A  single  tack  to  wind- 
ward. 6.  Mach.  A  piece  that  trips,  or  the  action  of  such 
a  piece.  7||.  A  sudden  catch,  especially  of  the  legs  and 
feet,  as  of  a  wrestler.    8|| .  A  blunder.    Syn.:  see  journey. 

tri-par'tite,  1  trai-pdr'tait  or  trip'sr-tait;  2  trl-par'tlt  or 
trip'ar-tlt,  a.  1.  Divided  into  three 
parts  or  divisions;  threefold.  2. 
Bot.  Three«parted.  tri'parf'edt. 
3.  Law.  Pertaining  to  or  executed 
by  and  between  three  parties.  4. 
Math.  Homogeneous  in  three  sets  of 
variables.       [F.,     <    L.    tripartitus, 

<  tres,  three,  +  partio,  divide.]  — 
tri-par'tite-ly,  adv.  —  tri"par-tl'- 
tion,  re.     Division  into  three  parts. 

tripe,  1  traip;  2  trip,  n.  A  part  of  the  stomach  of  a  rumi- 
nant, as  the  ox:  used  for  food.    [Ir.] 

trJp'e-dal,  a.  Having  three  feet;  three=footed.  [<  tri-  4- 
L.  pes,  foot.] — tri-per'son-al,  a.  Consisting  of  or  relating 
to  three  persons.— tri-per"son-al'i-ty,  re.  Theol.  The  state 
or  quality  of  existing  in  three  persons  in  one  Godhead; 
trinity.— tri-pet'a-lous,  a.  Bot.  Having  three  petals. 

triph'thong,  1  trif'thorj;  2  trif'thong,  n.  Three  vowels 
combined  to  produce  one  sound,  as  in  beau.  [  <  Gr. 
treis,  three,  +  phthengomai,  sound.] — triph-thong'al,  a. 

tri-pin'nate,  a.  Bot.  Thrice  pinnate.  [<  tri-  +  L.  pin- 
natus,  feathered.] — tri-pin'nate-Iy,  adv. — tri"pln-nat'l- 
fid,  a.    Bot.    Tripinnately  cleft.    [+  L.  findo,  cleave.] 

tri'plane,  1  trai'plen;  2  trt'plan,  n.  An  aeroplane  consisting 
of  three  supporting  planes  arranged  one  above  the  other. 

trip'l(ep,  1  trip'l;  2  trlp'l.    I.  vt.    [trip'l(e)dp;  trip'ling.] 

1.  To  make  threefold;  treble.  2.  To  be  three  times  as 
many  or  as  large  as.  II.  a.  1.  Consisting  of  three  things 
united  or  of  three  parts;  threefold.  2.  Multiplied  by 
three.  3f.  Third.  [F.,  <  L.  triplus,  <  tres,  three,  +  -plus, 
-fold] — trip'le=ex-pan"sion,  a.  Having  three  cylinders  of 
graduated  sizes  in  which  the  steam  is  successively  expand- 
ed, as  an  engine. — trip'ly,  adv. 

trip 'let,  1  trip'let;  2  trip'lgt,  n.  1.  A  group  of  three  of  a 
kind.  2.  One  of  three  children  born  at  one  birth.  3.  A 
group  of  three  rimed  lines.  4.  A  group  of  three  notea 
performed  in  the  time  of  two.    5.  A  bicycle  for  three 

trl'plex,  1  trai'pleks;  2  trt'pleks.  I.  a.  Having  three  parts. 
II.  n.  Mus.  Triple  measure.    [L.,  <  Ires,  three,  +  plico,  fold.} 

trip'li-cate,  1  trip'h-ket;  2  trlp'li-cat.  I.  vt.  [-CAT"EDd; 
-cat"ing.]  To  make  three  times  as  much  or  as  many: 
treble.  II.  a.  Threefold.  III.  n.  A  third  thing  corre- 
sponding to  two  others  of  the  same  kind.  [  <  L.  trip- 
lico  (pp.  triplicatus),  treble.]— trip"li-ea't!ou,  n.~ trl» 
plic'i-ty,  n.    [-ties2,  pi.]    Threefold  character. 

tri 'pod,  1  trai'pod;  2  trl'pod,  n.  A  utensil  or  article  hav- 
ing three  feet  or  legs;  a  three=legged  stand.  [<  I.. 
tripiis  (tripod-),  <  Gr.  treis,  three,  +  pous,  foot.] 

trlp'o-Ii1,  1  Irlp'o-h;  2  trip'o-li,  re.  A  decomposed  limestone. 
used  for  polishing,   [<  Tripoli.]    rot'ten=stonc"]:. 

Trip'o-H2,  n.  1.  A  region  on  the  coast  of  N.  Africa;  40(>,00() 
sq.  m.;  pop.  523,200;  declared  itnikin  territory,  Nov.  5.  1012. 

2.  lis  capital,  captured  by  the  Italians,  Oct.  5,  1911.  3.  A 
town  in  N.W. Syria.     Trl-pol'l-tail.fl. it  n.  Trlp'o-lln(o"J. 

trl'pos,  1  trai'pes;  2  trt'pos,  re.  An  honor  examination  held  :it 
Cambridge  University,  England,  especially  in  mathematics. 

I       I..  Iripus;  see  tripod.] 

trip 'tote,  1  trlp'tot;  2  trlp'tOt,  re.  Gram.  A  noun  having  but 
three  eases.    [  <  ( ;r.  triptOtos,  with  three  cases.] 

tri'renie,  1  trcu'rlm;  2  trl'rem,  n.  Class.  Antiq.  An  an- 
cient wardship  with  three  banks  of  oars.    [<  L,  triremis, 

<  tres,  three,  +  remvs,  oars.] 

tri-seet'd,  1  trai-sekt';  2  trl-s6ct',  vt.  To  divide  into  1  hree 
parts.  [  <  tri — (-  L.  seco,  pp.  sectus,  cut] — tri-sect'ed, 
a.     lint.    Ternately  divided-  -trl-aec'tion,  re. 

trlstjl,  1  triSt;  2  trlSt,  a.    Sorrowful;  sad.  [<  L.  trUtts,  sad.J 

Trls'tan,  1  tris'ten;  2tris'tan,  n.  in  medieval  romance,  a 
Cornish  prince,  lover  of  Iseult.    Trls'tramt.  (i'.| 

lris"tcssc',  1  iris"tes';  2  tris"tes',  re.    Badness;  melancholy. 

trMTulll,  1  triSt'ful;  2  trlstTul.  '/.    Sail;  gloomy;  sorrowful, 
trl-sul'lid,  trl-sill'tidc,  re.    Chem.     A  siillul  containing  lliree 

atoms  of  sulfur  in  combination,    trl-sul'phldti  trl-gul'- 

phlde;. — trl-syl'la-hl ()>>',  n.  A  word  of  three  syllables. 
-trl"syI-lab'lo,  a.    trl"syl-lab'l-cal{. 

trit.,  abnr.    Triturate, 

trite,  1  trait;  2  trit,  a.  1.  Used  so  often  as  to  be  hack- 
neyed; made  oommonplace  by  repetition,  2[.  Worn 
out;  frayed.    [<  L.  tero  (pp.  tritut),  rub  I 


trlthelsm     |   „  firt;  fat.  fire;  frm  ;  get.  prfar;  Mt.  p.>u,-..:  sbty.fO;  not,  or;  full,  rOlc;  l.ut,  l.nm; 

i  r  1 1  111  >■  i  ;.  Ape,  tat.  I»r...  fAat,  what,  all;    mi.  g*t.  |    i.        .  .      i         i         .   I      o;  go,  not,  or,  won,     S'M 


trlt 


mum  \ .  runt  > . 
\»..n>.  worn  onl      Sec  i  "\t 
rnrj  . 
Irll.'h.  Irll.-'n.--. 

I 

irli    ii-r.i-l.l   .     .  (rll  H-r.i   lion. 

iri  (ii.--i.in.  n.  ■!      The  doctrine 

I 
iri  ih. -i.i.         trl  I he-U 'tlr.  -ti-c.ii. 

I  n    I. .11.  I.  \  BOD  "I 

.1    Vmphil  rite,  represented  as  n 
dolphin's  i;ul.  who 

nn  .1  ronch«ehcU ;  later, 

ities  attendant    upon   the 

\      ■  rman;  also,  a  Neptune  holding 

:  inod;    trumpeUshell.     4.    |t-|    \ 

• 

Iri  ■■  ■  i  ■  i  •  ii .  I  .  I.I     obtain 

in  unit   .    ]  '.'.     I  ■•   rejoi ver   :i    I 

:;.  . :  the  original  sense     1 1. 

I,  .  be  religious  pageant  of  the  entrj  ol  a 

.  dictator,  or  pretor  into  Ron 
S,    I  ■      condition  ol 
i   .    v  i  rump  card.     ( <   I  '    I 
unph  |     Syn.:  -  \  erb)  see  B 
;     •,      trt-um'phal,  a.    Per- 
tain!] imph;   celebrating   ;i   victory,     trl-um'- 
pham.         l.   i  cultant      8,  Crowned  with  victory;  vle- 
iri-uin  'phant-Ir,  trl'iimpli-cr,  n. 
tri-iim  '»lr,  l  troi-om'var;  2  tri-um'vir.  n.    [-vi-hi.  1  -vi-rol; 

•  ■• f  three  men  united  In  public 

office  or  authority,  as  In  ancient   Rome.     |I...  <  r 

trtv-  Irl-uin '\i-ral,  a       trl-um'- 

ii-rii..        i.       rroup  or  coalition  of  three  men  who  unl  I 
authority  or  control.    2.  The  office  of  a  trium- 
vir; also,  the  triumviri  collectively.     3.  A  group  or  party  r>f 

three  men;  ■  trio,    tart-tun 'vf-rj  r. 
t  ri  'ii  in-,  i     Threi  In  one:  said  of  the  Godhead.   [<tri-+L. 
tmiiJ.onc.]-  trl-u'ni-tj.n.  Trinity.—  trl'va'lent,- 

H.iv  power  of  three.    (  •   ]..  valeo, 

lrl'»a"lencc, n.  trl-ia'len-c)  :.     tri'iahc.  I. 

a.    Having  three  valves,  aa  a  shell.    II.  n.    A.  trlvalve  shell. 

trlv'et,  1  triv'.-t ;  2  trlv'et,  n.    A  three-legged  stand,  as  for 
holding  oooking'veeselfl,  a  heated  iron,  etc.     [<  OF. 
iirec.  +  po(d-)s,  foot]    trev'ctt. 

trh  i-al,  1  triv/l:el;2  triv'i-al.  a.  1.  Of  little  value  or  im- 
portance; trifling;  insignificant.  2.  Such  as  is  found 
everywhere;  commonplace;  ordinary.  3.  (  lecupied  with 
trifles;  of  low  ability  or  wit;  unscholarly.  [F.,  <  L. 
trirlalis.  at  crossroads,  common.)  Syn.:  see  childish; 
mkii  ant:  littlk:  bidiculoub;  vain:  vkxial.— trlv"- 
l-al'l-t>,'i      trh  'l-al-nc**:.      trh  'l-al-l>,  ndr. 

trh  'hum,  1  triv'i-iim:  2  triv'i-um.  n.  In  medieval  schools, 
the  course  in  the  liberal  arte  embracing  grammar,  logic,  and 
rhetoric    [i.i. .  <  I.,  tririum,  crossroads.] 

tri-weck'l>,  1  trai-wlk'li;  2  tri-wok'ly,  a.  1.  Occurring 
threetimesaweek.  2.  Doneor  occurring  every  third  week. 

-tri\.  A  feminine  termination  of  nouns  of  agent  the 

masculine  form  of  which  Is  -lor;  at  [<  \..-trlx.\ 

Tro'j..  1  tro'as;  2  trG'as.  n.  1.  An  ancient  ili.stricl  in  \\ '.  Asia 
Minor,  on  the  ^Egean  sea:  capital,  Troy.  The  Tro'adJ.  2. 
Bib.  A  seaport   In  Asia   Minor. 

in.,  ir.  1  ir.Vkor;  2  tro'.ar.  n.  A  surgical  instrument,  used  to 
drain  off  Internal  fluids.  [F.,  <  trots  (<  L.  trt  i),  three,  • 
c/irre.  face.<  L  quadra,  square,  <  quattuor.low.]  tro'charj. 

tro'ch.i,  .'  tr.Veha.  n.     A  path;  road:  also,  an  ob- 

struction on  a  road,  to  hinder  an  en. -my     [Sp.] 

tro-chan'ter,  1  tro-kan'tsr;  2  tro-ean'ter,  n.    1.  Anm.  One 

of  several   bony   processes  on   the   upper  thlgh«bone.    2. 

.    The  second  Joint  of  an  insect's  leg.  [  <  c;r.  trochanter, 

<  trecM.  run.) 

tro'che,  1  tro'ki:  2  tro'ee,  n.    A  medicated  lozenge.    [< 

<  ir.  (n  •   run.) 

tw'rhw,  1  trold;  2  1  V.  foot  comprising  a 

long  and  a  short  syllable  I  —  -'),  or,  in  modern  verse,  an 
.  --.liable  followed  by  an  unaccented  one.  [< 
Or.1"  trochaios,  <  trochoa,  running  ] —  tro-elia'ie,  a. 
Pertaining  to  or  composed  of  trochees.     tro-cha'l-ralj. 

trochTc-a,  1  truk'li-;.;  2  iro.'le-a.  n.  Anal.  &  Zool.  A  pulley, 
or  a  grooved  pulleylike  surface,  as  between  the  humerus 
and  ulna.  [L..  pulley,  <  Gr.ft-ocMJia. pulley.]—  trochle-ar.a. 

tro'rhold,  1  tro'kold:  2  tro'eoid.     I.  a.     Rotating  upon  its 

own  axis;  pivotal.    II.  n.    Oeom.    A  curve  generated  by  a 

point  In  the  plane  that  rolls  upon  another,  us 

when  one  Circle  rolls  upon  another.    [<  Gr.  Irochocidis,  < 

wheel,  +  ctdos;  see  -on>.] 

trod,  triMl'den.  trode,    ■   ,-,   ,\   ,,    of  TREAD,  P. 
trog'lo-d)  te,  i  trog'io-don  t,  n.    1.  A  prehistoric 

:.  figuratively,  a  hermit.    3. 

An  anthropoid  aix-.  as  the  gorilla      4.  The  wren.     [<    (.r. 
troglodytes,  <  trdgll,  hole,  +  <iyo,  enter.]  —  trog'lo-dj  t'le,  -i.  I 


\  i it  i.h  or  round     2.  A 
:{.  1  i  thing,   A  reel;  lure. 


in.  non.   i  i  on,  ■.      \  tropical  American  bird, 

noted  for  Its  brilliant  plumage.    I                        iaw.] 

Tru'i-liio.  1  ti  Myth.   Bon  of  Priam; 

hero  of  Bhaki  i                   ... 

Tro'Jan, 

troke1,  1  [Seol  ]     Same  a--  mi  ik   . 

Iroke,   <i      [SCOl   II.  irtlClCS  Of  trade,  small 

»..  i  ■    Familiar Intcrcoun 'acquaintance 

troll,  l  ii,,i.L"  1 1  -I.  >     1. 1.    I.  To  sing  (the  pari    ol  i   ong  I 
in    i;  in  d  round  or  catch,  or  to  reel  .>mi  or  r..ll 

o ni  (a  song)  in  a  frco,  hi  ai  i  \  mannoi  ''.  ["o  fi  h  foi  oi 
in  by  trolun  ■  8.  I  a  po  iround,  a  i  bottle  or  de- 
cantei     4.  To  roll;  as,  to  troll  the  eyi      ll-       1.  To  sing 

'.'. 

1 1  I'..  ii-li  by  i rollm  i 
angle  with  rod  and  reel  ■'!.  To  roll  forward  or  along 
I.  I..  Btroll  about;  ramble.  I  ■,  I',  trdler,  ramble,  < 
vim.  i  lea,  roll.]  troll 'er,  n.  One  who  nshes  with  a 
troll,  (roil'iiig.  n.  The  method  or  sol  of  fishing  by  drag- 
ging a  i behind  a  boat,  and  near  the  sur- 
face: Usually  uuli  a  spoon-bail  or  the  like.  troll'liig 
hail",     n.      Spoon-halt.        troll 'lug  hook" ; ;       (rolling 

sp i":.     troll  'lug  rod",  ».     a  Dshlng»rod  for  trolling. 

troll',  1  trol;  2  trAL  n.     1.  Mo* 

rolling  movement  or  mol  ton. 

troll-,  n.  FoUvlor*.  A  giant; 

also,  a  mischievous  d«  arf. 

i. -.-  troll,  troll.]    troldt. 

trolley,  1  trel'i;  2  trSl'y,  n. 

1.  A  grooved  metal  wheel 
for  rolling  in  con- 
taet  with  an  eleo- 
trie  conductor  ( the 
trolley  •wire),    to 

convey  t  lie  current 
to     a       Tie  .1 01   car; 

also,  in  the  under- 
ground  s\  stem,  a  , 

,  1    '  I  .       ''■  ii'..|..rin:.i:.     ,  ,    fiirr,  Nt.lmr;     /,  troUsj!     ./.tmll",, 

boworsboeadapi  ,  ,>,„„,,,„ 

..I  lot  he  same  pur-  gentntm  (o)  ilong  the  line  (t),  dlrtdlng  m  the  Irollej 
pose     attached    to  (/>•  ptrtrf  It  running  doira  ..,  the  motcn,  ti 

,      i  it  passi-8  .,1!  tlm.n.'h  tin-  wheels  ami  rails  and  returnB 

a  eurrent»taker  te'1Ull()UrM. 

operating  through 

a  slot  in   the  track,     trol  'ley =wheel"t.     2.  A  car  or 

system  so  operated.     3.  A  small  truck  or  car.     traw'- 

leyj.    [<  troll,  v.]    Irol'lyt. 
troll '=iiiad"amt,  n.     An  old  popular  game  played  with  cue 

and  bail  on  a  hoard  resembling  that  used  in  bagatelle. 

troll '«my =dames"t;  trol'my-danies"t. 
trol  'lop,  1  trel'ap;  2  trfll'op,  n.     A  Blatternly  woman;  heme. 

a  prostitute.    [<  tuoi.i,.  v.]     trol'lop-lsli,  a.— trol'lop-y, 

u.    trol'lop-lng*. 
Trollope,  1  trol'ap:  2  trol'op,  n.    1.  Anthony  (1815-1882), 

an  rSnglisb  novelist.    2.  Frances  (1780-1863),  an  English 

writer;  mother  of  Anthony. 
troni'hoiie,    1    trorn'hon;    2    tr6m'bon,    n.      A     brass 

instrument  of  the  trumpet  family,  commonly  with    a 

U«shapeil  slide,  having  a  complete  chromatic  scale.  [F  , 

<  It.  trombone,  <  Iromba,  —  F.  lromj>e;  see  thi'.mp'-',  n .] 

Tromp,  1  tromp;  2  tromp.  n.    1.  Cornelius  van  (1629-1691), 

a    Dutch  admiral;   fought   Swedes  and  English.    2.  Marten 

(1597-1653),  a  Dutch  admiral;  victor  In  33  battles. 
trompe,  1  tromp;  2  tromp  n.  An  apparatus  in  Which  a  column 

Of  water  carries  air  with  it  by  entanglement:  used  in  giving  a 

blast.  [  <  F.  trompe;  see  trump2,  n.]    tromp;. 
Trond'hjem,  1  tron'yem;  2  tron'ycm,  n.     1.  A  fiord  of  Nor- 

u  ay  ;  lengl  h,  80  m.  _2.  A  seaport  in  W.  Norway;  pop.  45,300. 

troop,  1  trap;  2  troop,  v.    I.  (.    1.  To  form  into  troops. 

2t,  To  unite  with  a  troop.     II.  i.     1.  To  move  along   in 

bers;  congregate.     3.  To  depart  hastily.     4|.  To 

fraternize;   consort.    (<  V.  troupe.]  —  troop 'er,  n..    1. 

A  cavalryman.    S.  A  troop*horse;  charger.    3,  A  troopship. 

troop,  n.  1.  An  assembled  company;  a  gathering;  hence,  a 

herd  or  flock.  2.  Mil  (1)  A  body  of  soldiers;  an  army: 
generally  in  the  plural.  (2)  The  cavalry  unit  of  forma- 
tion, corresponding  lo  a  company  of  infantry.  Syn.:  see 
AHMV.    -troop ' =shlp",  rt.     A  transport-ship. 

trop.,  nhbr.    Tropic,  tropical,  tropically. 

trope,  1  trop;  2  trop,  n.  The  figurative  use  of  a  word. 
[P.,  <  \j.lropus,  <  Gr.  tropos,  <  IrepO.  turn.]      [trepO,  turn.] 

-trope,  .suffix.    A  person  or  thing  that  turns.    [<  Gr.  Iropl,  < 

tro'pliy,  1  tro'fi;  2  tro'fy,  n.  [tbo'phies2,  pi.]  1.  Any- 
thing taken  from  an  enemy  and  displayed  or  treasured 
Up  in  proof  of  victory;  hence,  a  memento  of  victory  or 
2.  An  ornamental  group  of  objects  hung  to- 
gether on  a  wall;  arms,  or  any  collection  of  objects 
typical  oi  -nine  event,  -i.  Horn.  Antiq.  A  Human  me- 
morial of  victory,  generally  containing  arms  and  bealis 
of  ships.  |  <  Gr.  tropaion,  <  trope  defeat  (as  of  an 
enemy). J—  tro'phled,  a.     Adorned  with  trophies. 


1: d  =  final;    I  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  otft;    etl;    iu  =  feud;    c"hin;    go;    i)  —  sing;    Chin,  this,     trithelsm 
2:  wolf,  dp;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  truffle 


-trophy,  suffix.    Nutrition;  nurture.    [<  Gr.  trephS,  nourish.] 

trop'ic,  1  trep'ik;  2  trop'ic.  I.  a.  Tropical.  II.  n.  1. 
Either  of  two  parallels  of  latitude  (23°  27'),  north  and 
south  of  the  equator,  that  form  the  limits  of  the  torrid 
zone:  respectively,  the  tropic  of  Cancer  and  tropic  of 
Capricorn.  2.  pi.  The  regions  of  the  earth's  surface 
between  the  tropics.  [  <  Gr.LL+F  tropikos,  <  trepo,  turn.] 
— trop'i-cal,  a.  1.  Characteristic  of  the  tropics;  torrid; 
sultry.     2.  Of  the  nature  of  a  trope  or  metaphor.     -ly,  a<lr. 

tro-poph'i-lous,  1  tro-pof'i-lus:  2  tro-pof'i-lus,  a.  Adapted 
to  extreme  conditions  of  moisture  or  of  heat:  said  of  plants. 
[  <  Gr.  Iropos  (see  trope)  +  philos,  loving.] 

trop'o-phyte,  1  trop'o-fait;  2  trop'o-fyt,  re.  A  tropophilous 
plant.  [<  Gr.tropos  (see  trope)  +  phylon,  plant.]  —  trop"- 
o-phyt'lc,  a.  [turning. 

-tropous,  suffix.     From  Greek  tropos,  indicating  rotating  or 

Trop'pau,  1  trop'au;  2  trop'ou,  re  A  manufacturing  city, 
capital  of  Silesia  duchy,  Austria;  pop.  30,800. 

Tros'sacns,  1  tres'aks;  2  tros'acs,  re.  A  valley  in  central 
Scotland;  the  scene  of  Scott's  Lady  of  the  Lake. 

trot,  1  tret;  2  trot,  v.  [trot'ted11;  trot'ting.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
cause  to  trot;  ride  at  a  trotting  gait,  as  a  horse.  2.  To 
pass  over  at  a  trot.  II.  i.  1.  To  go  at  the  pace  known 
as  a  trot:  said  of  quadrupeds.  2.  To  go  with  a  steady, 
hastened  jogging  pace.  [  <  OF.  trotter,  <  LL.  troto,  < 
OHG.  trotton,  tread.] — trot'ter,  re.  1.  One  who  or  that 
which  trots;  a  trotting  horse.     2.  [Slang.]  A  foot. 

trot1,  re.  1.  A  progressive  motion  of  a  quadruped,  in 
which  each  diagonal  pair  of  legs  is  alternately  lifted, 
thrust  forward,  and  placed  upon  the  ground  almost  si- 
multaneously, the  body  of  the  animal  being  entirely  un- 
supported twice  during  each  stride.  2.  A  little  child; 
toddler.    3.  Steady  going  or  movement. 

trot2t,  n.    An  old  woman:  in  derogation. 

trot'eo-sie,  1  tret'ko-zi;  2  trot'eo'si,  re.  [Scot.]  A  covering 
like  a  cowl:  a  protection  from  the  weather.  [<  trot  + 
cozy.]    trot'eo-syj;  trot'eo-zyf. 

troth,  1  troth  or  troth;  2  troth  or  troth,  n.  1.  Good  faith; 
fidelity;  also,  betrothal.  2.  Truth;  verity.  [<  AS. 
treowth,  truth.]— troth'spllghf't,  vt.  To  betroth;  affiance. 
— t.=pllg!itt,  a.  &  n. — t.=p!ig!ited,  a. 

Trotz'ky,  1  rets'ki;  2  tr6ts'ki.  Leon  Bronstein  (1S79-  ). 
Bolshevik!  minister  <  f  foreign  affairs  in  Russia  during  1917. 

trot-tolr',  1  tro-tweir';  2  tro-twar',  re.    A  sidewalk.    [F] 

trou'ba-dour,  1  tru'ba-dur;  2  tru'ba-dur,  n.  A  lyrie 
poet  of  the  12th  and  13th  centuries,  originating  in  Pro- 
vence, France.     [F.,<  trovver,  invent.]     Syn.:  see  poet. 

troub'Ie,  )1  trub'l;  2  trub'l,  v.     [troub'led,  trub'ldp; 

trub'lp,  J  troub'ling]  I.  t.  1.  To  give  trouble  to; 
vex.  2.  To  stir  up,  as  water.  3.  To  give  inconvenience 
or  labor  to;  incommode.  4.  To  interfere  with;  spoil; 
mar.  II.  i.  To  take  pains;  worry.  [<  L.F  trubula, 
dim.  of  turba.  crowd.]  Syn.:  see  perplex. — troub'lcr,  re. — 
troub 'le-some,  a.  1.  Causing  trouble;  vexatious.  2.  Tu- 
multuous. 3.  Greatly  agitated;  troublous.  Syn.:  afflictive, 
annoying,  arduous,  burdensome,  difficult,  galling,  harassing, 
hard,  importunate,  intrusive,  irksome,  laborious,  painful, 
perplexing,  teasing,  tiresome,  trying,  vexatious,  wearisome. 
— Ant.:  amusing,  cheering,  easy,  entertaining,  grateful,  grat- 
ifying, helpful,  light,  pleasant.— troub  le-some-ly,  adv. — 
troub 'le-some-ness,  re.— troub'lous,  a.  1.  Full  of  com- 
motion, tumult,  or  trouble.     2.  Restless. 

troub'Ie, )  n.     1.  The  state  of  being  troubled;  also,  grief; 

trub'l1',  ]  affliction;  disturbance.  2.  A  thing  that  occa- 
sions difficulty  or  perplexity.  3.  Toilsome  exertion. 
Syn.:  see  anxiety;  care;  grief;  misfortune;  pain. 

trough,  1  1   trof;  2   trof,   re.      1.   A   long   or   narrow   open 

trof1*,  J  receptacle,  as  for  holding  food  or  water  for  ani- 
mals. 2.  Along,  narrow  channel  or  depression,  as  be- 
tween ridges  on  land  or  wavesatsea.  (  <  AS.  ( /■«</,  t  rough  | 

trounce,  1  trauns;  2  trounc,  vt.  [trounced1;  trounc'- 
lNa.]  [Colloq.]  To  whip  severely.    [  <  OF.  troncer,  cut.] 

troupe,  1  trup;  2  trup,  n.    A  troop,  as  of  actors.     [F.] 

trou'sers,  1  trau'zarz;  2  trou'gerg,  n.  pi.  A  man's  gar- 
ment, covering  the  body  from  the  u.iisl  to  the  ankles  Or 
knees  and  divided  so  as  to  make  a  separate  covering  for 
each  leg.    [<  F.  trousses,  pi.  of  trousse;  see  tri  38  | 

trous"seau',  1  t.rfi"s<V;  2  tru'V/,  n.    [trous"seaux',  pi.] 
A  bride's    outfit,  especially  of 
clothing,    [F.,  dim.  of  trou    > 
see  TRUSS.] 

trout,  1  traut;  2  trout,  n.  1. 
A  salmonoid  fish  mostly  found 
in  fresh  waters  and  highly 
esteemed  as  a  game  and  food" 
fish.  2.  A  fish  resembling  the 
above.   [<  AS.  truht,  Gr.L  trokti 

trou"vere\  /  1  trQ'var',  -vfir';  2  tru'vftr',  -vur;.  re.    A  French 

trou"veur',  J  epic  poet  filth  to  14th  century) :  distinct  from 
troubadour.     [F..  <  trowcr;  Hce  tkoumadouk.I 

tro'ver,  1  trO'ver;  2  trO'vcr,  a.  Law.  An  action  to  recover  the 


American  Speckled 

Trout,      '/so 

nibbler. 


value  of  personal  property  of  the  plaintiff  wrongfully  con- 
verted by  another  to  his  own  use.  [  <  F.  trouver;  see  trou- 
vere.]  [wian,  trust,  <  treour,  true  ] 

trow  |,  1  tro;  2  tro,  vi.    To  suppose;  think.     [<  AS.  'red- 
trow 'el,  1  trau'el;  2  trow'el,  n.     1.  A  flat=bladed  imple- 
ment:   used    by  plasterers, 
etc.      2.   A   small    concave 
scoop  with    a    handle,    for 
digging   about   plants,   etc. 
[<    L.F  trulla,   dim.   of  trua, 
ladle.] 
trowl,  v.    Same  as  troll. 
trow'sers,    n.    pi.      Same   as 

TROUSERS.  ~— — ~/£j  -IJ  "■ 

troy,  1  trei;  2  troy,  n.    A  sys-        <--~J.    ~^- 

tern  of  weight=measures  used  |j: 

by  jewelers.      See  weight,   li-^-wjji^ 

[<  Troyes.]    troy  weighty. 
Troy,  1  trei;  2  tr6y,  re.     1.  An  Trowels. 

ancient    City    In    TroaS,     Asia    I.  Garden.     2.  Gaging.     3.  Plastering. 

Minor;  scene  of  Homer's  Iliad. 

2.  A  manufacturing  city  in  E.  New  York;  pop.  80,000. — 
Tro'jan,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  Troy,  as  the  Trojan  war, 
the  ten  years'  war  between  the  Greeks  and  Trojans  for  the 
recovery  of  Helen,  wife  of  Menelaus,  who  had  been  carried 
off  by  Paris. — Tro'jan,  re.  1.  A  native  of  Troy.  2.  A 
brave  or  persevering  person. 

Troyes,  1  trwa;  2  trwa,  re.  A  cathedral  city  in  N.  E.  France; 
former  capital  of  Champagne:  pop.  55,500. 

Troy"on',  1  trwfi"yeh';  2  trwa"yoh,  re.  A  town  In  N.  E. 
France,  about  12  m.  S.  of  Verdun. 

tru'ant,  1  tru'ant;  2  tru'ant.  I.  a.  1.  Playing  the  truant; 
idle.  2.  Relating  to  a  truant.  II.  re.  One  who  absents 
himself  from  duty,  especially  from  school  without  leave. 
[OF.,  <  Bret,  truant,  vagabond.] — tru'an-cy,  re. 

truce,  1  trus;  2  true,  re.  1.  An  agreement  between  bellig- 
erents for  a  temporary  suspension  of  hostilities;  an 
armistice.  2.  Temporary  cessation  or  intermission. 
[ME.  trues,  pi.  of  trewe,  true.] 

truck1,  1  truk;  2  triik.  I',  vt.  &  vi.  To  exchange  petty 
articles;  barter;  peddle.  II.  re.  1.  Commodities  for  sale. 
2.  [U.  S.]  Garden  produce  for  market.  3.  [Colloq. 1 
Rubbish.     4.  [Colloq.]  Barter.     [<  OF.  troc,  barter.] 

truck2.  I1,  vt.  &  vi.  To  cart  about  on  a  truck;  drive  a 
truck.  II.  re.  1.  One  of  several  forms  of  stout  vehicles 
for  moving  bulky  articles,  freight,  etc.  2.  A  set  of 
wheels  or  runners  bearing  a  swiveling  frame.  3.  A  disk 
at  the  upper  extremity  of  a  mast  or  flag=pole  through 
which  the  signal=halyards  are  run.  4§.  A  small  wheel: 
the  original  sense.  [  <  Gr.L  trochos,'  wheel,  <  trecho,  run] 

truck'age1,  1  truk'ij;  2  truk'ag,  n.  Money  paid  for  con- 
veyance of  goods  on  trucks;  also,  such  conveyance. 

truck'age2,  re.    Exchange;  barter. 

truck 'erl,  n.    A  hawker.  [commodities  in  trucks. 

truck 'er2,  n.    One  who  drives  or  supplies  trucks  or  moves 

truck'l(ep,  1  truk'l;  2  truk'l,  v.  [truck'l(e)dp;  truck'- 
ling.]  I.  i.  To  eurry  favor  with  servility.  Ilf.  t.  To 
trundle.    [<  Gr.L  trochilea,  pulley.]— triick'ler,  re. 

truck  'le,  re.  [Prov.  Eng.  or  Obs.]  1.  A  small  wheel.  2.  A 
trundle»bed.  —  truek'ie=bed",  n.     Same  as  trundle-hed. 

truck 'man',  1  truk'man;  2  triik'man,  n.  [truck/men, 
pZ.l     A  dealer  in  truck;  one  who  trucks  or  trades. 

truck 'man2,  n.     One  who  drives  a  truck. 

tru'cu-lent,  1  tru'kiu-lent;  2  tru'eu-lent,  a.  Of  savage 
character;  ferocious.  [OF.,  <  L.  truculentus,  fierce.) 
-ly,  adv.    -nessj,  n. — tru'cu-Ience,  n.    tru'cu-len-cyt. 

trudge,  1  truj;  2  triidg,  vi.  [trudged;  trudg'ing.]  To 
walk  laboriously;  plod.     [<  Sw.  dial,  truya,  snow«shoe.] 

true,  1  tru;2tru.  I.  a.  1.  Conformable  to  fact  or  reality; 
not  false  or  erroneous.  2.  Being  what  it  seems  or  pre- 
tends to  be;  genuine.  3.  Firm  and  steady  in  adhering  to 
friends,  promises,  or  principles;  faithful;  specifically, 
guileless.  4.  Conformable  to  a  rule,  standard,  oi  pat- 
tern; precisely  right;  exact.  II.  adv.  1.  In  truth;  truly. 
2.  In  a  true  and  accurate  manner.  [  <  AS.  tredwe,  I  rue  | 
Syn.:  see  authentic;  CORRECT;  FAITHFUL;  coon;   BONEBT; 

just;  moral;  right;  pure;  true-blue".  I.  a.  of  un- 
compromising principles:  loyal;  faithful.  II.  n.  One  who  Is 
faithful  to  bis  convictions,  sect,  or  party.-  t.«love,  n.  1. 
One  truly  beloved;  a.  sweetheart :  used  also  adjectlvely.    'it. 

Same  as  TRUE'LOVEBS'    knot,    -t.slover.s'  knot,  a  kind  of 

double  knot,  a  symbol  of  fidelity  In  love.-  •tru'tsm,  n  An 
obvious  truth.  Syn.:  see  axiom,  truly,  adv.  I.  In  con- 
formity wiiii  tact.  ;;.  with  accuracy.  8.  With  loyalty  or 
fidelity  i.  surely;  verily.  5,  Lawfully;  legally. 
true'pcn"ny,  1  trfl'pen'i;  2  tru'pfin'y, n,  [Colloq.]  An  honest 
feiiou  .  also,  according  to  some,  a  Bly  fellow  ;  cozener. 

trilf'llc,   1   Iriit'l;  2   I  nil  'I.   n       Am    one-  oi   various  fleshy 

underground  fungi  resembling  the  mushroom.    [<  OF 

trujlc,  ult.  <  L.  tuber,  tuber.J 


mill 
tulip 


.•■.■.■■,•,:;•..',■.■•.  ,•■  ft^siiawftaa 


V.M 


trull. 


1  r  ill 

iril   l> 
Vrutti 


trump 
11 


I. 


lriiiii|>        I. 


I    J. .1,11 
■     i  ihn  -  x 

ii  in 

Ion  mi  an 

I 

\  trum- 

l 

trump  .  r-\  .       I.  Having    ■ 

II  i     WorthlitM  nni 

trump;  take 

II.         I. 

k?  above  all  others •    *Tho 

isuallv  ii>  the  plural,    .».   K  plloq  I 
nble  person;  ^<«»1  fellow 

,rum  p.  i  I  .        a  I"  Pro 

forth  a  sound,  as  from  atrumpe 
,,  ,  iss  wind-instrument  with  a  Har- 

md  penetrating  sound,    «. .A  powerful  reed- 
rK.inl.    j.  so,  mbhng  a  trumpet  m 

«.  vtube  for  collecting  and  conducting  sou 
ear-trumpel      *   Upud  P|netratm« 
like  that  of  a  trumpet;  trumpeting.    6j.  A  trump  u  r. 

true  .  iriunpii   i-r.-cp"- 

,.r  .     vine   >if    the 

tern  United  States,  with 
aped  dowers. 
trumpet    i-\\"::    t  rum  |M-t- 
tl..»  ",t:;     trum'pit  trim 
trum  |»t-.r.         1.  '  mi  Wh  ■ 

animal  that  makes 

a  souml  Uk.-  :i  trumpet  or  la  likened 

\  crane* 

like    bird     of     South     America,    with 

•  and  flowing  tail-feathers: 

dotncsU' at.-d  by  the  nai  \    Trumpeter.     '/» 

..,,,         I.I:i,  k-liill.-cl 

neof  abroad  pigeons.    •»•    a  vain 

able  food.ii.sti  of  Australia.  ^.«.„d- 

truncate,    L  I ;  2  trfin'eSt      I.  rt.     H  ■»'.-'"  • 

•  is,;]    To  cut  the  top  or  end  from.    II."        '  '<">'- 

l  abruptly;   appearing  as  tho  cut  Bquarely  on, 

rtau)   birds,  the   caudal   fin   of  some 

bran'eat-edt.     [<    i.    J  -■  ■•   PP-  °i 

trxmcatus.  <  truncut.  maimed.]— truncated  coneoi  p^.i- 

miu  e  or  pyramid  whose  vertex  te  cut  off  by 

ine  usually  parallel  to  the  base,     trnn-ca  tion.  r*. 

trun'rh.oii-.         l'o  beat  as  with  a  truncheon;  cudgel. 

trun't-heon,  1  tron'enen  or  -shan;  2  trtin'chon  or  -shon, 

i  ib;  staff ;  baton.    2.  A  lopped  tree-trunk:  the 

origi:  t      [<    T.   (roficon,  dim.  of  tronc;  see 

I    n       tron'cheon:;  tron'ehounj. 

mm  dl  •■  •  1  tron'dl;  2  trttn'dL     I.  «*.  &  »■     [tbun- 

b,  n'dlinc]    To  roll  along  freely,  as  a.  hoop; 

also,  to  roll  on  casters.    II.  a.    I.  A  smaUbroad  wheel, 

uoi  ■■  ad  "f  triH.clliiiir.      I.  A  truricll.-- 

bed     45.  A  small  low-wheeled  vehicle;  truck.     I    " 

tJend..  oiler.]—  trun'dle.bed  .  n      \  bed 

with.  tta|  upon -ast.-rs    <o  t  hut  I  tma>  bt. 

roU(,.  truck'le>bed":.-t.=tall,  n.    A 

curi  trln'dli  -nil":, 

trunk..  .nk;2truok.  La.  Being  or  belonging  to  a 
trunk  II.  n.  1.  The  main  body  or  stock  of  a  tree , 
hence,  a  trunk  line.  2.  Anat.  (1)  The  main  stem  i 

erve  or  a  blood-vessel.    <->  J  he 
body,  as  die  from  the  limbs,  neck,  head   etc 

framed  box  or  case  with  a  hinged  lid  and 
red  with  leather,  fiber, etc. .used  for  packing  articles, 
as  for  a  journey.  4.  A  proboscis,  as  of  an  elephant.  .>. 
pl  \  garment  extending  from  the  waist  part  way  clown 
the  thighs,  worn  by  swimmers,  athletes,  etc.  Compare 
tbcvk-ho-e.  6.  Arch.  The  shaft  of  a  column.  7.  An 
enclosed  passage  or  shaft.  [<  OF.  (F.)  trot*.  <  L. 
truncw*.  <  truncua.  maimed.)  Syn.:  see  body.  —  trunk 
II,,,.  •  tin  lined  a  tran-portatlon.system  as  olaral- 
road  -trunk'.hose",  n.  ft.  Pull  breeches  of  the  16 
17th' centuries,  extending  from  the  waist  to  the  middle I  ol 
the  thigh.  t..breeebest.  t.*leere,  n.  a  very  fun 
sleev,  '     -  the  manner  of  mink-hose. 

tronk'nsh",  1  trtmk'nsn':  2  trnnk/flsh'.  n.    A  West-lndUn 

flsh:  named  from  Its  trunk-like  covering, 
trun'nel.  1  tnnr'el-.2  trttifH,  n.    A  treenail. 
trun  'nlon,  1  trun'ysn;  2  trun'yon,  n.    One  of  two  oppo- 
site cylindrical  projections  from  the  sides  of  a  cannon, 


^r.---  —  ^7 


Trusses. 


ii/  ipu)<    ' 

i .    i .    iiu 

.  'l'ruii'»lrl. 


in  axi-  on  whioh  It  li  turned;  b 
whirhthccyli  '  ll,tt£" 

IruHH,  i  i  '-To  mpporl  bj 

I,  i 

« I,  before  i king         . 

:t  .    i..  i  ,  ten,  as  bj  wrapping  or    ^p^, 
i\  ing;   pack  or  bundlo;    with  up 
i   .  ,  oriminal;    with 

II.         I.  daw    ^y.77-      —.W 

or  sui "   for  a    rupture      -'■    \      ^ ;  ^  ,".,  ^3 

foi    b   roo     N/WW  a 
bridgi       8.   \  bundle, 
lKl\      I.  \  oul     \  hi  '■>  \  iron  piece 
by  which  a  lower  yard  is  attached 

;.,     ■      .",.  \  c >ai  I  i'  ■  minal 

cluster  ol  Bowers      I  ■     P.  I 
fasten.] 

trust  I,   1   irusi  ;  2  trust,  I.  t.     I. 

To   repose   true!  in;    rely  on      '■!. 
,,,,,,. i  to  the  rare  oi  another 
with  assurance;  entrust;  oonfide.     I.  Boh 

:i.  To  furnish  with    i Is, 

expecting  future  payment.    4.  i  •■ 

expeol    with   i ndence.     5.   To 

..  ,„  hold  as  true;    believe.      H.  i.     •■    '"  Place 
confidence;  rely,    'i-  To  give  credit. 

Syn-  be  confident,  be  confiding,  believe,  commit,  con- 
Ode  eredit  depend  on,  entrust,  give  credence,  five  credit, 
have  confidence  In,  hope,  put  confidence  In,  rely  upon  Bee 
commit;  it  in  Ant: despair, disbelieve, discredit, distrust, 
doubt,  mistrust,  suspect,  triisl'er,  n. 
(rusl,  n  1.  A  confident  reliance  on  the  mtegnty,  verac- 
ity ,>r  just  ice  of  another; ifidenoe;  faith.  2.  Something 

,.,„',, put  ted  t ic's  care  for    use   or  safe-keeping;    a 

charge;  responsibility.  8. The  state  or  position  ol  one 
who  has  received  an  important  charge,  4.  A  confidence 
in  the  reliability  of  persons  or  things  without  careful  in- 

,,,...,     5.  Credit,  in  the  commercial  sense.   <-•  ham. 

(1)  The  confidence,  or  the  obligation  arising  from  the  oon- 
Bdi  nee,  reposed  in  a  person  Ccalled  the  trustee)  to  whom 
the  legal  title  to  property  is  conveyed  for  the  benebt  ol 

•  mother       I-''  The  beneficial  tit] '  ownership  of  prop- 

ertv  of  which  thelegal  title  is  in  another.  (3)  I  heprop- 
erty  or  thing  held  in  trust.  (4)  The  relation  subsisting 
between  the  holder  and  the  property  so  held.    1.  <  <«< 

\  , .lunation  for  the  purpose  of  controlling  the  ]>ro- 

,!,,,.,„,„,  price,  etc  ,  of  son..-  commodity  or  the  manage- 
ment profits,  etc-.,  of  some  business.  H.  (  onbdent  ex- 
pectation; belief;  hope.  9||.  Custody;  care;  keeping. 
[<Ice  traust.  <  V  of  true.]  Syn.:  assurance,  belief,  con- 
fidence, credence,  expectation,  faith,  hope.  See  ASSOH  IN(  I  j 
beuek  PA1TH.— trus-tec'.  I.  it.  Lair.  To  attach  by  special 
process  (the  property  of  a  debtor  in  the  hands  of  a  third  per- 
son) II.  n.  Any  one  who  holds  property  in  trust.  — trus- 
tee'shlp,  «.-  trust  'ful,  a.  Disposed  to  trust  -ly,  adtt. 
-ness  n  ■- trust 'wor"thy,  a.  Worthy  of  confidence;  re- 
liable Syn.:  see  authentic;  faithful:  honest:  hei.iahle; 
s  ,s,  „  trust'«or".hl-l>.^.  trust 'WOt -t h »-««".«■ 
trust  'V.   I.O.     [THfST'1-EIf,  trust-i-est.1      1.    1' althf  nl  t  o 

duty  or  trust.    2.  Stanch:  firm.    Q.n.    WfL!    Attust- 

worthy    person;   especially,   a   eonvl.-l    who    has  been   found 

sVrMi'eahie  and  reliable  and  to  whom  special lUbertto  are 
granted  Syn.:  see  kaithiu.;  honest;  njbt;  reliable, 
btahch.— trus'tl-ly,  otfti.— trus'tt-ness,  n. 
truth,  1  trnth;  2  truth,  n.  1.  The  state  or  character  of 
being  true;  conformity  to  fact,  standard,  ideal,  duty, 
profession,  etc.  -'.That  which  is  true;  a  statement  or 
BeUef  which  correspond  to  the  reality.  8.Afact  asthe 
object  of  correct  behef;  reality.    ».  ^  tendency  or  dispo- 

Bition  tO  speak  or  tell   only   what  IS  true;   verae.ty       5. 

The  quality    of    being  true;    fidelity;    constancy      0. 

,„  the  fine  arts,  faithfulness  to  the  facte  of  nature, 

,,.  or  life     711.  Right  according  to  divine  law.  I  < 

V-  trZuai   < "treoioe.  true.]    Synj  see  fidelity;  JOTTIce 

yEairtTY;  v.Hi,  k  lruth'lul,«.  ^^S^XU^ 
true  as  a  narrative.  Syn.:  see  CANDID-  truth  ful-l>,  adv. 
truth'ful-ness,  n.     trutli'less,  ,,     -ness    n. 

Trux'tun,  1  trnksMon:  2  truks'tu...  Thomas  (1755-1822). 
A.c  American  commodore.  i   _ 

try.  1  trai;  2  try,  tt.  tried;  try'ino.)  I.  t.  1.  lo  cause 
to  nass  through  a  trial  or  test;  determine  the  character 
Ol  by  experiment  or  by  comparison  with  a  standard,  e. 
To  make  experimental  use  or  application  of.  .1.  l  o 
know,  or  endeavor  to  know,  by  experience.  4.  To  under- 
take; endeavor.    5.Tosul I  to  trouble  or  tnbulataon, 

afflict.  6.  To  subject  to  an  excessive  task  or  burden, 
strain;  as,  to  try  the  eyes.  7.  To  bring  to  settlement  as 
by  some  indicated  means;  decide     8.  Law.  To  investi 


)V  SOIIie  lll'lieaieii  lllMua,  .j^v.va*-.      -•- - 

gate  judicially,  as  a  question  of  fact;  also,  to  subject  to 


1: d  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  owt;    ell;    lu^feud;    <<hin;    go;    i)  =  s!no;   fhin,  thia.  trull 

825  2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,    r||le,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    thia.  tulip 


judicial  trial  for  crime.  9.  To  dress  or  level,  as  a  rough 
board.  10.  To  reduce  to  a  pure  state;  especially,  to  sepa- 
rate from  other  matter  by  heating,  as  metal,  etc.  II.  i. 
1.  To  put  forth  effort;  endeavor.  2.  Naut.  To  lie  to  under 
atorm=sails,  with  the  bow  to  the  sea,  as  a  vessel  in  a  gale. 
[<  OF.  trier,  pick,  <  LL.  trito,  freq.  of  L.  tero,  rub.)  Syn.: 
see  chasten;  endeavor:  examine;  struggle. — try,  re. 
[tries2,  pi.]  The  act  of  trying;  experiment. — try'ing,  pa. 
Testing  severely;  hard  to  endure.  Syn.:  see  arduous; 
difficult;  troublesome. — try'sail",  re.  Naut.  A  sail  bent 
to  a  gaff  abaft  the  foremast  and  mainmast  of  a  ship. 

Try 'on,  1  trai'en;  2  try'on,  William  (1725-1788).  A  British 
governor  of  New  York. 

tryst,  1  traist;  2  tryst.  Id.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  appoint  a  meet- 
ing with;  meet  by  appointment.  2.  To  agree  upon  some 
place  or  time  of  meeting.  3||.  To  trust.  II.  n.  1.  An 
appointment  to  meet,  or  the  meeting-place  agreed 
upon,  tryst'ingj.  2.  A  market.  [For  trust.]  trystet. 

ts.,  abbr.    Till  sale. 

tsar,  tsar'e-vitch,  etc.    Same  as  czar,  etc. 

Tschal-kow'sky,  1  eTiai-kef'skl;  2  chl-k6f'sky,  Peter  Hitch 
(1840-1893).     A  Russian  composer;  Symphonie  Palhetique. 

tset'se,  1  tset'sa;  2  tset'se,  re.  A  small  bloodsucking  fly  of 
southern  Africa  whose  bite  causes  disease  in  cattle,  horses, 
etc.    tset'zej;  tzet'set. 

Tsing"tau',  1  tsirj"tau';  2  tsing'tou'.  n.  A  fortified  sea- 
port in  Kiaochow,  Shantung  Province,  China;  surrendered 
by  Germans,  after  siege,  to  allied  British  and  Japanese, 
^ov.7,  1914.     Tslng"tao't- 

T.  T.,  abbr.  Telegraphic  transmitter,  Trinity  term. — T.  T.  L., 
abbr.  To  take  leave. — T.  V.,  abbr.  Trade  Union. — Tu., 
Tues.,  abbr.    Tuesday. 

tub,  1  tub;  2  tub.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [tubbed,  tdbd8;  tub'- 
bing.]  1.  To  bathe  in  a  tub.  2.  To  set  in  a  tub,  as  a 
plant.  II.  n.  1.  A  broad  open  vessel,  moderately  deep, 
formed  with  staves,  bottom,  and  hoops:  used  for  wash- 
ing, etc.;  by  extension,  a  vessel  of  any  form  or  material 
so  used.  2.  The  amount  that  a  tub  contains.  3.  A 
small  cask.    4.  A  bath  in  a  tub.    [  <  D.  tobbe.] 

tu'ba,  1  tiu'ba;  2  tii'ba,  n.  [tv'bs,,  1  -bi;  2  -be,  pi.]  1.  A  sax- 
horn. 2.  An  ancient  Roman  trumpet.  3.  A  powerful 
reed-stop  in  an  organ.    [L..  war-trumpet.] 

Tu'babcain",  1  tu'bal-ken";  2  tu'bal-can",  n.  Bib.  The  first 
artificer  in  brass  and  iron.    Gen.  iv,  22. 

tube,  1  tiub;  2  tub.  I.  vt.  [tubed;  tub'ing.]  1.  To  fit 
or  furnish  with  a  tube.  2.  To  enclose  or  receive  in  a 
tube  or  tubes.  II.  n.  1.  A  long,  hollow  cylindrical 
body,  generally  used  for  the  conveyance  of  something 
through  it,  but  often  as  a  receptacle  for  holding  some- 
thing; a  pipe.  2.  Anat.  A  tubular  organ,  especially  one 
conveying  air.  [F.,  <  L.  tubus,  tube.] — Crookes's 
tube,  a  glass  tube  for  maintaining  a  high  vacuum;  for  show- 
ing phenomena  connected  with  very  tenuous  gases. — 
Geissler,  or  vacuum  tube,  a  vacuum  tube  invented  by 
Heinrich  Geissler  (1814-1879)  for  the  purpose  of  investigat- 
ing electrical  discharges  in  a  gas. — tub'ing,  n.  Tubes  col- 
lectively; also,  a  piece  of  tube  or  material  for  tubes. 

tu'ber,  1  tic/bar;  2  tu'ber,  re.  1.  Bot.  A  short,  thickened 
portion  of  an  underground  stem,  as  in  the  potato  or 
artichoke.  2.  [T-]  A  genus  of  underground  fungi,  the 
truffles.  3.  Anat.  A  swelling  or  prominence;  tubercle. 
[L.,  a  swelling.]— tu"ber-os'i-ty,  re.  1.  The  state  of  being 
tuberous.  2.  A  protuberance. — tu'ber-ous,  a.  1.  Bearing 
projections  or  prominences.    2.  Bot.  Bearing  tubers. 

tu'ber-cle,  1  tiQ'bar-kl;  2  tu'ber-cl,  n.  1.  A  small 
rounded  eminence,  especially  a  process  of  bone.  2.  A 
small  granular  tumor  formed  within  an  organ  from  new 
matter  resulting  from  morbid  action:  in  the  lungs,  the 
source  of  pulmonary  consumption.  3.  Anat.  A  small 
knob-like  excrescence.  [OF.,  <  L.  tuoerculum,  dim.  of 
tuber,  a  swelling. ]  — tu-bcr'cu-lln,  n.  A  liquid  prepared 
from  attenuated  cultures  of  the  tubercle-bacillus,  used  espe- 
cially as  a  veterinary  teat  for  tuberculosis. 

tU-ber"cu-lo'sis,  1  tiu-bfir"kiu-lo'sis;  2  tu-beV'cii-lo'sis, 
re.  Pathol.  1.  A  diseased  condition  caused  by  infection 
with  a  miem-organe  rn,  I  lie  t  iibcrelc-l  lacillus,  character- 
ised by  the  formation  of  tubercles  within  some  organ 
or  tissue:  when  affecting  the  lungs,  known  a.  imlminitirii 
consumption,  or  (in  popular  usage)  consumption.  Com- 
pare phthisis.  2.  The  state  or  condition  of  being  affect- 
ed with  a  tubercular  disease.  [  <  L.  tiiberculum,  dim,  of 
tuber,  a  swelling.]— tu-bcr'cu-lar,  a.  Affected  wit  h  I  liber- 
ates; consumptive,  tu-ber'cu-loust.  —  tu-ber'cu-late,  a. 
1.  Nodular.  2.  Affected  with  tubercles;  tubercular,  tu- 
ber'cu-lat"cd  J.—  tu-her"cu-la'tloii,  n.  [lng  tubers. 

tu'her-ose,  1  tio'bar-os;  2  tu'ber-os,  a.    Tuberous;  bear- 

tube'rose",  1  tifib'roz"  or  tiii'bar-os";  2  tub'ros"  or  tu'- 
ber-os", n.    A  bulbous  plant  bearing  a  long  raceme  of 
fragrant   white    flowers.     [  <    L.    tuberomx.   <    tuber, 
bulb.] 
27 


Tii'bing-en,  1  tii'bin-en:  2  tu'blng-en,  n.  A  town  in  S.  W. 
Germany;  pop.  19,000;  seat  of  a  university  founded  in  1477. 

tu'bu-lar,  1  tiQ'biu-lar;  2  tu'bu-lar,  a.  1.  Having  the 
form  of  a  tube ;  tube-shaped.  2.  Made  up  of  or  provided 
with  tubes.  [  <  L.  tubulus,  dim.  of  tubus,  tube.] — 
tu'bu-late,  vt.  [-lat"ed;  -lathing.]  To  shape  or  fashion 
into  a  tube;  furnish  with  a  tube. — tu'bu-Iaf'ed,  pa.  Pro- 
vided with  a  tube,     tu'bu-late}:.— tu"bu-Ia'tion,  n. 

tu'bule,  1  tiu'biul;  2  tu'bul,  n.  A  minute  tube.  [<  L. 
tubulus,  dim.  of  tubus,  tube.] — tu'bu-li-form,  a.  Having 
the  form  of  a  small  tube. 

tu'bu-lose,  1  tiu'biu-16s;  2  tu'bu-los,  a.  1.  Tube-shaped; 
tubular.  2.  Consisting  of  or  containing  small  tubes. 
tu'bu-lousl. 

tuck,  1  tuk;  2  tuk,  vt.  1.  To  fold  under;  especially,  to 
thrust  or  press  in  the  ends  or  edges  of.  2.  To  enclose 
or  cover  snugly.  3.  To  thrust  or  press  into  a  close  place; 
cram;  hide.  4.  To  make  tucks  in,  by  folding  and  stitch- 
ing. [<  AS.  tucian.] — tuck'er,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that 
which  tucks.  2.  A  covering,  formerly  worn  over  the  neck 
and  shoulders  by  women. 

tuck1,  re.  1.  A  fold  made  in  a  garment,  usually  horizontal. 
2.  A  flap  forming  a  continuation  of  one  side  of  a  book" 
cover,  and  inserted  in  a  loop  or  pocket  in  the  other 
side.  3.  Naut.  That  part  of  a  vessel's  hull  where  the 
after-planks  meet. 

tuck2,  n.  1.  [Scot.]  A  stroke;  tap;  beat,  as  of  a  drum.  2. 
A  flourish,  as  of  a  trumpet.  [<  OF.  estoc,  thrust;  see 
tuck3.]  [MHG.stoc,  post.] 

tuck3t,  re.    A  long  narrow  sword;  rapier.     [<  OF.  estoc,  < 

Tuck,  Fri'ar.  A  jovial  priest;  associate  and  confessor  of 
Robin  Hood;  he  plays  a  prominent  part  in  Scott's  Jvanhoe. 

tuck'er,  1  tuk' ar;  2  tuk'er,  vt.  [Colloq.,  TJ.  S.]  To  weary  com- 
pletely;  exhaust:  commonly  with  out.    [  <  AS.  tucian,  tease.] 

tuck'ett,  re.  A  flourish  on  a  trumpet.  [<tuck2.] — tusk'et 
so'nancet,  the  sound  of  the  tucket. 

Tu"cu-man\  1  tu"ku-man';  2  tu"eu-man',  n.  A  city  in  N.  W. 
Argentine  Republic;  pop.  78,700. 

-tude,  suffix.  State  of  being;  as,  gratitude,  the  state  of  being 
grateful:  a  termination  of  nouns  of  Latin  origin.  [<  F. 
-tude,  <  L.  -tudo,  a  termination  of  abstract  nouns.] 

Tu'dor,  1  tiu'dar;  2  tu'dor,  n.  A  member  of  an  English  royal 
line  wliich  reigned  from  1485  to  1603. — Tu'dor,  a. 

Tues 'day,  1  tiuz'di;  2  tus/dy,  n.  The  third  day  of  the 
week.  [  <  AS.  Times,  gen.  of  Tiw,  Norse  god  of  war, 
+  dxg,  day.] 

tu'fa,  1  tu'fa;  2  tu'fa,  n.  1.  A  variety  of  calcium  car- 
bonate with  cellular  structure,  as  deposited  from  springs 
and  streams.    2.  Same  as  tuff1.    [It.] — tu-fa'ceous,  a. 

tuff1,  1  tuf ;  2  tuf,  n.  A  fragmentary  volcanic  rock  com- 
posed of  material  varying  in  size  from  fine  sand  to  coarse 
gravel:  often  used  for  structural  purposes.  [  <  F.  tuf, 
<  It.  tufa;  see  tufa.]    tu'fa;. — tuff-a'ceous,  a. 

tun*2,  n.    Same  as  tuft,  re. 

tuft,  1  tuft;  2  tuft.  Id.  vt.  1.  To  separate  or  form  into 
tufts.  2.  To  cover  or  adorn  with  tufts.  II.  n.  1.  A 
collection  or  bunch  of  small  flexible  things  held  together 
at  the  base.  2.  An  arrangement  of  small  blood-vessels  in 
a  bunch.  [<  OF.  tuffe,  <  G.  copf,  tuft,  top.]— tuft's 
hunf'er,  re.  A  sycophant;  parasite.  —  t.- hunting,  n. — ■ 
tuft'y,  a.    Abounding  or  growing  in  tufts. 

tug,  1  tug;  2  tug.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [tugged;  tug'ging.]  1. 
To  pull,  draw,  or  drag  with  great  effort.  2.  To  exert  a 
strenuous  dragging  force.  3.  To  strive  or  struggle.  II. 
n.  1.  The  act  of  tugging.  2.  A  strenuous  contest;  a 
struggle;  wrestle.  3.  A  steam-vessel  specially  adapted 
for  towing.  4.  Harness.  A  trace.  5.  [Prov.  Eng.]  A 
timber*  wagon.  [Var.  of  tuck,  v.]  Syn.:  see  draw.-  tug  of 
war.  1.  A  contest  in  which  a  number  of  persons  at  one  end 
of  a  rope  pull  against  a  like  number  at  the  Other  end.  each 
side  endeavoring  to  drat;  ttie  other  across  a  line  marked  be- 
tween.   '£.  A  laborious  effort;  supreme  contest.  —  tug'ger,  n. 

Tu-ge'la,  1  tu-gC'la;2  tu-ge'la,  n.  A  river  in  S  Africa;  length, 
300  m.  to  the  Indian  ocean;  scene  (1899-1900)  of  several 
British  checks  during  the  South-African  war. 

Ttil!e"rles\  1  t\vil"rl';  2  twil"re',  re.  The  former  palace  of  the 
French  kings  in  Paris;  begun  In  1564  and  burned  In  1871. 

tUllle,  1  t.wll;  2  twi'l,  re.     Armor.     A  steel  protection  for  the 

thighs,  attached  by  straps  to  the  tassels.  [OF.,  <  L.tegula, 
tile,  <  tcgo.  cover.] 

tiill'yle,l  tiil'yi;  2  tul'yi.re.  [Scot.]  SameasTOOLYE.  tull'zlcl. 

tu-i'(ion,  1  tiu-ish'an;  2  tu-Tsh'on,  n.  1.  The  act  or 
business  of  teaching  any  branch  of  learning;  instruction. 
2.  The  charge  for  instruction.  [OF.,  <  I.,  tint  i<H/<-),< 
tuitiu,  pp.  of  tuenr,  defend.]  Syn.:  hit  education;  learn- 
ing:  N UKTUHE. — til-1'tlon-al,  a.     iu-l'Uoii-a-ryl. 

tu'lip,  1  tiQ'hp;  2  tu'lip,  n.    A  bulbous  plant,  bearing 

variously    colored    bell-shaped    flowers.  See   illus.   on 

next  page.     [Ult.  <  Per.  dulhand,  turban.]  tu'llp«tree", 

n.  A  large  tree  allied  to  the  magnolias  and  found  in 
North-Amorlcan  forests. 


tulle 
turn 


t      I  Py;  hh,  i-.il.-i-:  obey, ft;  not.  Or;  full.  rOl.-:  Init,  liOm; 

'i  .1  I         It,  lee;  1-6;  1-6;  go,  not,  or,  won, 


896 


l  u  hi   Mi.  I 

(inn    l.li- 

I  duns  i<> 

(urn  '- 

Mr  do    i 


1 

1. 

1. 

<*~ 

fall 

.s 

<c 


« 


r 


niiir- 

M.r.  I  nklng- 

such  a 

kUlv  im  bav- 

■unded 

8.  •  ine  who  ..r  that  which 

■nii.Mi.--t.    (2  One  of  a  breed 

■  ■I  (or  the  habit  of  turning  somer- 

.rmg  night.    :t.  In  a  took,  a  latch  that  en- 

gagt-s  ;i  i«'ii  and  prevents  lu  being  shot  In  either  direction 

.    •  .1  by  the  ke\-t.lt.    4.  In  a  firearm* 

lock  ..  •  he  hammiT  an. I  receiving  the  thrust 

oft!.-  t  inn  'hh-Hi-i-ii ".  •       \:     one  of  varl- 

irhleh.  when  withered,  breaks  From  the  root,  and 
out  by  the  wind,  widely  scattering  its  seed. 

tiim'hrrl.    1   tumbril;  2   tum'brol,   n.     1.   Mil.   A   two* 

.    art  [or  carrying  tunls.  etc    2.  A  box* 

like  cart  (or  carrying  and  dumping  duns,     '.i.  A  rude 

in  which  victims  of  the  lirst  French  Revolution 

the  guillotine.      [<   OF.   tumbrell,    < 

turn  tirll :. 

lu"me-fac'tlon,  1  tiu'mi-fak'slien;  2  tu"me-fac'shon,  n. 

illing  up  nf  a  part,  as  in  a  tumor;  a 

itfiness.    [< L.' tumeo, swell,  +f ado,  make.] 

tu'nn-f>,  r(.  &  r(.    [-ram; -rr*n»o.]    To  swell  or  pufl  up. 

t  u    unr-ii-'l-t).  1   tiu'nu.r-os'i-ti;  2  tu'nier-os'1-ty.  n.     The 

tumeo,  swell.) 
t  it  'mid,  1  tio'mi.i;  2  nl 'mid,  u.    1.  Swollen; enlarged;  pro- 
tuberant    2.  Hi  nee,  inflated  in  style;  bombastic.    [< 
Actus,  swollen.  1    -ly,  adc.    -ness,  n.— tu-mld'l-ty,  n. 
tu'mor,  1  tlQ'mar;  2  tu'mor,  n.     A  local  swelling  on  or  in 
:  the  body.     [<  L.r  tumor,   <  tumeo, 
tu  iin.ur:. 
tuni|>,  1  tump:  2  tOmp,  n.    [Prov.  Eng.]    A  little  mound  or 
hill,  as  about  a  plant.  — tump'y,  a.    Having  tumps;  uneven, 
(u 'mult,  1  tiu'mult;  2  tu'mult,  n.     1.  The  commotion, 
ion  of  a  multitude;  an  uproar; 
hubbub,    2.  I  violent  commotion  or  agitation, 

a- of  the- mind.    [<  \..y  tumultus,  <  tumeo,  swell.) 

Synj  agitation,   bluster,   bustle,   commotion,   confusion, 

-•nent,  flurry,  hubbub,  hurly-burly, 

noise,  out! ■-•  riot,   turbulence,   turmoil,   Uproar. 

Bee  Mm;  quabbkl;  hi.-.  .int.:  calmness,  peace, 

t  ii-niul'tu-a-rl-ly,  adv.     tti- 
niul'iu-a-ri-ii!-^-..  ■,      tu-mul 'tu-ou-,  a.    Characterised 
.it;  disorderly,  tu-mul'tu-a-ryt.  S.vn.: 
tu-miil'tu-ous-ly,  ad'. 
i ij-mui 'hi  etui  noes,  n 
t u  iiiu-Iii-.  1  tlO'mlu-lus;  2  tu'mQ-lus.  n.    [-Li,  pi:]    An  art  1- 
/.<:  and   usually   sepulchral, 
pare  bakbow*:  CAnuf .    [L..  <  tumeo,  swell] — tu'mu- 
lar,   a        Saving  the  form  of  a  mound-  tu'mu-lose, 
full  of  mounds  or  hills,    tu'mu-lous;. 
tun.]":.    2  tun.    I.  rt.     (tcn.nku,  tinu";  tcx'xing.)    1. 
To  ;  '.'.  Id  to  B  liquor, 

flavoring.  II.  n.    1.  A  large  cask.    2.  A  brewer-'  ferment- 

ing-vat.     3.   T:  mall  liquor  fermented  at 

t.         rying  measure  of  capacity. 
-.  tunne.  ton.] — tun'=dMi"-.  n.    a  funneL 
tu  'na,  1  I  Dfna;  2  tu'na.  n.    A  tunny. 
tun'a-bl  (•'',  I  Uun'e-bl;  2  tun'a-bl,  a.     1.  That  may  be 

put  in  tu:         !   .  tune'a-bl(e,'i. 

tun'dra,  1  tun'dra:  2  tun'dra.  n       A  rolling.  I 
marshy  plain  of  Siberia,  arctic  North  Amerii 
tune,  1  tiun;  2  tun.     I.  W.  <fc  ri.     [tujted;  tin'ino  ]     1. 
To  adjust  to  or  accord  with  a  musical  standard;  put  or 
Ix-  in  tone;  attui        '.'•  lebrate  with  song     '■'■  I  o 

adapt  to  or  put  in  accord  with:  with  to,  4.  To  put  into 
tble  condition;  adjust   to  an  end.      5.  To  utter  or 
emit  music    ||.  /.  1.  .\  melodious  succession  of  musical 


adjusted  to  soon    inrasuro  and  ooustituti 
whole;  a  molod)  ..tan        '.'.   Bnccitlcnlly, 

an  orpaalmueed  in  worship    3.  Thostuteorqualitj 

ing  in  tin  proper  pitch  or  key,    4.  1 1. •nee,  ooncoru 

•  >.  bli  i'  mp  i  "i  bumoi .  a]  •<■.  mood;  state 

of  mind,    i  ■    i    ton,  •    I  i  d  tone  i 

e,  concord,  harmony,  moaaure,  melody, 

strain      i iine'iiii.  g.   Mu  ed;  melodlou 

-i\ .  -neat,         tuneless,  <;.    I.  Not  being  in 

tunc     ••.  v.t  employed  in  making  mualo;  silent.    :i.  i    < 

Ing  in  rhythm,  melody,  etc,   -l>.  -ness.  r,      tun'er, 

aewho  puts  musical  Instruments,  aa  pianos,  in  nine. 

iiiu'Iiik.  ;■     a   it      lulling  lurk  .  \    rork*ahaped 

piece  of  steel  which  vibrates  with  a  definite  frequeno}  when 

struck:  used  to  measure  the  pitch  of  musical  tones. 

tung'ston,    1    I'n    ten;  2  tutur/sted,   n       A   Btecl*gray, 

heavy,   metallic    element.      See    I   1  1  Ml   \|        [Sfl    . 

weighty,   •   iten.stone.l     tung'state,  n,     Chem.    \  salt  ol 

He  acid      tung'stic.  o     Chem,    Of ,  pertaining  to,  or 

derived  fn.m  tungsten,  especially  in  its  higher  valence 

in 'nic   1   i  ii'ink;  2  tu'nie,  "      l«  Among  the  ancienl 

Greeks  and  Romans,  a  body*garment,  with  <>r  without 

sleeves,  reaching  to  the  knees:  worn  usually  without   a 

girdle.     ?.  A  modern  outer  garment  gathered  at  the 

waist,  as  :l  .-hurt  overskirt  or  a  Mouse.     ,-l.   M,l.    \  BUT- 

•."•in  over  armor,  4.  Anat.  Same  :is  rmni  \  •"». 
Boi  \<\  loose  membranous  skin  enveloping  an  organ, 
as  a  si-eil-eoat.    |-    I    (tin  Que,  <  L.  tunica,  tunic] 

ttl'iil-cii.    1    i  i  nl-iii.   n.     Anat,     A   covering  or 

Investing  part :  tunic.     [I...  tunic. J 

tu'nl-cate,  l  tlQ'm-ket;  2  tfi'nl-eSt.    I.  a.    1.  Hot.  Covered 

with  a  tunic,  SB  the  bulb  of  an  onion,     'i.  Having  a  tunic; 

of  i.r  pertaining  to  the  tunlcates.  8-  Enclosed  one  within 
another,  as  BuccesBlve  joints  of  some  antennas.    II.  //.    < 

hi  a  numerous  division  or  minute  or  microscopic  marine  or- 
ganisms.   [<  I.,  tunica,  a  tunic] 
tu'nl-clc,   1  llu'ni-kl;  2  tu'ni-cl,  n.      1.   A  light  or  line   tunic. 

'I.    \  slight  natural  covering.    .1.  A.  short  ecclesiastical  vest- 
ment. [<  L.  tuntcula,    dim.  of  tunica,  tunic.)   tu'na-clet. 
Tu 'nis.  i  tlfi'ms;  2  ui'nis.  n.    1.  a  French  protectorate  in 

N.  W.  Africa;  45.779  sy.  in.,  pop.  l.bib.BOO.     2.  Its  seaport. 

capital;  pop.  J77,ooo. 
(tin'nage,  1  tun'ij;  2  tun'ag.  n.  [Kng.]  Tonnage. 
tiin'iu-l,  1  trm'el;  2  tun  61.    I.  vt.  &  n.    [tin'm  i  i  i>  ..r 

-NELI.Kll,    -NZLD8;    Tl -n'nKI.-IM!    of    -NKI.-l.l.SI,  ]        1.    To 

make  ii  tunnel  (through).  2.  To  shape  or  arrange  in  the 
form  of  a  tunnel.  II.  n.  1.  An  artificial  subterranean 
passageway  or  gallery,  especially  one  under  a  hill,  etc., 
as  for  a  railway.  2.  Any  similar  passageway  under  or 
through  something.  S,  Same  as  FUNNEL.  4.  The  main 
flue  or  shaft  of  a  chimney  or  the  like.  [  <  F.  tunnel', , 
dim.  of  tonne,  pipe.)— tun'nel-er,  n.     (un'inl-ler   . 

tun'ny,  1  tun'i;  2  tiin'y,  n.  A  large 
daily  the  great  tunny  of  the 
Atlantic,  oark'blue  above  and 
dusky  spotted  with  silver  be- 
low, sometimes  15  feet  long 
and  weighing  1,500  pounds. 
[  <  Gr.LtF  thynnos,  <  thyno, 
dart.)  lunnj. 

tup,  1  tup;  2  tup,  n.     1.  A  ram,  or  male  sheep.    2. 
striking  part  of  a  power»hammer.     [Akin  to  top1,  n.\ 

tu'po-lo,  1  tln'pi-lo;  2  tfl'pe-lo,  n.  [Am.  ind  |  One  of  several 
American  trees  of  the  dogwood  family,  as  the  sour«gum. 

Tu"pun-ga'to,  1  tu'pun-gu'to;  2  tu"pun-gii'to,  n.  A  moun- 
tain In  the  Andes  range,  central  Chile;  22,000  ft.  high. 

Hi u lie,  1  tlQk;  2  tuk,  n.  A  Canadian  cap  consisting  of  a 
knitted  cylindrical  bag  with  tapered  ends,  worn  by  thrusting 
niie  end  Inside  the  other,  for  tobogganing,  etc.    [<  F.  toque.] 

tu  i|uo'(|iie,  1  to  kwo'kwi;  2  tu  kwo'kwe.  Literally,  thou 
also:  substantively,  an  answer  In  which  a  person  assailed 
retorts  with  a  similar  charge:  also  attributively.    [L.J 

Tur.,  Turk.,  abbr.    Turkey,  Turkish. 

tu"ra-cou',  1  tu'ra-ktl';  2  t\j"ra-cu'.  n.  An  African  bird  re- 
markable for  it.s  red  and  green  pigments. 

Tu-ra'nl-an,  1  tlu-re'ni-.in;  2  tn-ra'nl-an,  n.  1.  A  family  of 
agglutinative  languages  variously  classified:  now  little  used. 
2.  One  speaking  Turanian.— Tu-ra'ni-an,  a. 

tur'ban,  1  tur'ban;  2  turban,  n.     1.  An  Oriental  head* 

ng  of  a  sash  or  shawl,  twisted  about  the 

cap.     2.  Any  similar  hc-ad=dress.     3.  A  round=crowned 

lirirnless  hat  for  women  or  children.     [F.,   <  Turk,  lul- 

bend,  turban.]— tur'baned,  a. 

tur'bid,  1  tur'bid;  2  tur'bid,  a.    1.  Having  the  sediment 

or  lees  stirred  up;  cloudy;  muddy.    2.  Heing  in  a  state 

of    confusion;    disturbed;    as,    turbid    wits    or   spirits. 

[<  L.  lurbidtts.  <  lurba,  disturbance]    Syn.:  see  obscuiie; 

•   — tur'bld-ly,  cidv.— tur'bld-ness,  n.  tur-bld'l-tyt. 

tur'bi-nal,  1  tur'bi-nal;  2  tftr'bi-nal.  I.  a.  Turbinate. 
II.  /i.    A.  turbinate  bone.    [<iL.  twbo(-bin-),  top.) 

tnr'bi-natc,  1  tur'bi-net;  2  tur'bi-uat,  a.    1.  Biol.  Top* 


fish,  espe- 


Vho 
Mecli.  The 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  habltj^   aisle;    mi  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  sinff;    fhin,   this. 
827  2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


turn 


shaped.  2.  Conch.  Tapering  from  a  broad  base  to  the 
apex,  as  certain  spiral  shells.  3.  Spinning  like  a  top. 
[<  'L.turbinatus,  <  turbo;  see  turbinal.]  tur'bi-nat"cd:t. 
—  tur"bi-na'tion,  re. 
iur'bine, )  1  tfir'bm  or  -bain;  2  turTain  or  -bin,  n.  A 
tur'bin8,  )  water* wheel  turning  on  a  vertical  axis  and 
having  suit- 
able open-  steam=turbine  as  used  in  a  Ship, 
ings  for  the 
admission 
and  escape 
of  the  water 
which  serves 
■is  the  mo- 
tive fluid. 
turbine 

wheelj.  2.  A  rotary  motor  employing  steam  as  the 
motive  fluid:  analogous  in  principle  to  the  water=driven 
turbine.  [F.,  <  L.  turbo,  top,  whirlwind] 
tur'not,  1  tur'bat;  2  tur'bot,  re.  1.  A  large  European  flat- 
fish, esteemed  as  food.  2.  A  related  flatfish.  [F.] 
tur'bu-lent,  1  tur'biu-lent;  2  tur'bu-lent,  a.  1.  Being  in 
violent  agitation  or  commotion.  2.  Inclined  to  rebel; 
insubordinate.  3.  Having  a  tendency  to  disturb  or 
throw  into  confusion.     [F.,  <  L.  lurbtdentus,  turbulent.] 

Syn.:   agitated,    blustering,    boisterous,    disorderly,    dis- 
turbed, insurgent,  mutinous,   obstreperous,   rebellious,   re- 
fractory, riotous,   seditious,  tumultuous,  wild.     See  noisy; 
violent,    -ly,  adv.— tur'bu-Ience,  re.      tur'bu-len-cyt. 
Tur'co,  1  tiir'ko;  2  ttir'eo,  re.    An  Algerian  lightanfantryman 

serving  in  the  French  army. 

Tur'eo-man,  1  tur'ko-man;  2  tur' co-man,  n.     [-mans2,  pi.] 

Same  as  Turkoman. — Tur'eo-man,  Tur"oo-man'nic,  a. 

Tur'di-dae,  1  tur'di-di;  2  tur'di-de,  re.  pi.    A  family  of  birds, 

including  thrashes,  etc.    Tur'dus.  re.   (t.  g.)   [<  I.,  lurdus, 

thrush.]— tur 'did,  re.— tur'di-form,  a.    Thrush=like. 

tu-reen',  1  tiu-rln';  2  tti-ren',  n.    A  deep,  covered  dish,  as 

for  soup.     [<  LL.F  terrlneus,  earthen,  <  L  terra,  earth.] 
Tu"renne',  1  tu'ren';  2  tii"ren',  Viscount  de  (1611-1675). 

Henri  de  la  Tour  d'Auvergne,  a  French  general. 
turf,  1  turf;  2  turf.    ll.vt.    To  cover  with  turf ;  sod.    II.  n. 
1.  A  mass  of  matted  roots  of  grass  and  other  fine  plants 
filling  the  upper  stratum  of  certain  soils;  sod.     2.  Peat. 
3.  Loosely,  a  grass=plot.    4.  A  race=course;  horse=racing: 
in  the  phrase  the  turf.    [  <  AS.  turf,  turf.] — turfman, 
re.     A  man  devoted  to  or  connected  with  horse«racing. — 
turfy,  a.    1.  Covered  with  or  resembling  turf.    2.  Pertain- 
ing to  the  turf  or  to  a  race=course. — turf'i-ness,  re. 
Tur"ge-nef',  1  tur"ga-nef  or  tur-ge'nyev;  2  tur"ge-nef  or 
tur-ge'nyev,  Ivan  Sergyewich   (1818-1883).     A  Russian 
poet  and  novelist.     Tour"gue-nielT't. 
tur'gid,  1  tur'jid;  2  tur'gid,  a.    1.  Unnaturally  distended, 
as  by  contained  air  or  liquid;  swollen.     2.  Figuratively, 
inflated;  bombastic.     [<  L.F lurgidus,    <  lurgco,  swell.] — 
tur-ges'cent,  a.    Becoming  turgid  or  inflated,    tur'gentf. 
— tur-ges'cence,  re.    tur-ges'cen-cyt. — tur-gid'i-ty,  re. 
tur'gid-nesst;  tur'gori.— tur'gid-Iy,  adv. 
Tu'rin,  1  tiu'rin  or  tiu-rln';  2  tu'rin  or  tu-rin',  n.    A  city  of  N. 
W.  Italy;  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Sardinia  until  I860  and 
01  Italy  until  1865;  pop.  428,000. 
Turk,  1  turk;  2  turk,  n.     1.  One  of  the  Mohammedan 
people  now  dominant  in  Turkey;  an  Ottoman.     2.  A 
member   of   the   specific    Mongolo=Tatar   people    from 
whom  the  modern  Turks  an' derived.   3.  A  Tatar.    4.  A 
Mohammedan.     fUlt.    <  Per.  Turk,  Turk.] 
Tur"ke-stan',  1  tur"ke-stan':  2  tur"ke-stan',  re.     1.  A  region 
in  cent.  Asiatic  Russia;  420,807  sq.  m.;  pop.  6.684,400;  capi- 
tal,Tashkend.    2.  A  region  in  W.China;  550.579  sq.  m.;  pop. 
1,200,000;  capital,  Kashgar.  Chinese  or  East  Turkestan}:, 
tur'key,  1  tOr'ki;   2  tur'ky,  re.     A 
large  American   bird  related   to 
the  pheasants,  having  the  head 
naked  and   the   tail    extensible 
upward    and     sideward:     muc 
esteemed    as    food.      See    bied. 
|  <  Turkey  (whence  the  bird  was 
thought  to  have  come).]  -  tur'key; 
buz"zard,  n.    An  American  sooty 
black    vulture   with   a    naked    red 
Iiead  .-iikI  neck.  —  t.srt'd,  re.   A  bril- 
liant   red   pigment,  or  Its  color. — 
t.>trot,  re.      [U.S.]    A  dance  con- 
sisting of  a   stop»step.    glide,    and 
turn  to  syncopated  music,  the   feet 
being   kept  well   apart  and  a  swinging  motion  being  glvei 
to  the  shoulders. 
Tur'key,  1  tfir'ki;  2  tur'ky,  re.     An  empire  in  S    E.   I  urope 
Asia    Minor.    N\    Africa,    and     Arabia,  710.221      q    D n 

21,273,900;  capital,  Constantinople.  I'lurkish 

Turk'lo,  1  turk'ik;  2  turk'ic,  u .  A  i>.      I.  Same  as  TATAK.     '■'.. 
tur'klsii,  1  i  in'i]  .  2  tur'kis,  n.    A  turquoise,    tur'koisj. 


Turkey 


Turk'ish,  1  turk'isli;  2  turk'ish.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
Turkey  or  the  Turks.  II.  re.  The  language  of  the  Turks. 
Tur'ko-man,  1  tur'ko-man;  2  tur'ko-man,  re.  A  member 
of  one  of  the  Turkic  or  Tatar  hordes  dwelling  in  Turke- 
stan, etc.  Toor 'co-man J;  Tur'co-manJ;  Turk'- 
mant.— Tur"ko-man'ic,  a. 
turm  || ,  1  turm;  2  turm,  re.  A  troop.  [  <  L.  turma,  comnany] 
tur'mer-ic,  1  tur'mar-ik;  2  tur'mer-ie,  re.  The  root  of  an 
East=Indian  plant  of  the  ginger  family,  used  as  a  condi- 
ment, dyestuff ,  etc. ;  also,  the  plant.  [  <  F.  terremerite.] 
tur'moil,  1  tnr'meil;  2  tur'moil.  l.vi.  To  be  in  a  state  oi 
turmoil.  II.  n.  Confused  motion;  disturbance;  tumult. 
[<  OF.  tremouille,  hopper  of  a  mill.]  Syn.:  see  tumult. 
turn,  1  turn;  2  turn,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  give  a  more  or  less 
complete  rotary  motion  to.  2.  To  change,  alter,  or  vary 
in  nature,  form,  or  aspect;  transform.  3.  To  make  gid- 
dy; unsettle,  as  the  head  or  brain.  4.  To  shape  (an  ob- 
ject rotated,  as  in  a  lathe)  by  means  of  a  tool.  5.  To 
change  or  shift  the  sides  of;  reverse  or  invert.  6. 
Figuratively,  to  revolve  mentally:  with  over.  7.  To  di- 
rect, incline,  or  bend  into  a  new  direction.  8.  To  adapt 
to  some  particular  purpose  or  end;  as,  to  turn  informa- 
tion to  account.  9.  To  move  to  the  other  side  of;  go 
round;  as,  to  turn  a  corner.  10.  To  cause  or  compel  to 
go:  followed  by  various  adverbs  and  prepositions  limit- 
ing the  sense;  as,  to  turn  a  boat  adrift;  to  turn  money 
in;  turn  a  dog  out.  II.  To  form,  as  with  graceful  or  ef- 
fective outlines;  round;  mold;  as,  a  welUttirned  arm. 
12.  To  nauseato.  13.  To  perform  by  a  whirling  mo- 
tion. II.  i.  1.  To  rotate  or  revolve;  move  around  or 
about,  as  on  a  pivot;  hence,  to  depend;  hinge:  with  ore 
or  upon.  2.  To  take  a  new  direction.  3.  To  give  at- 
tention to  or  reflect  upon  something.  4.  To  become 
altered  or  transformed;  become  by  process  of  change; 
as,  to  turn  traitor.  Specifically:  (1)  To  become  giddy. 
(2)  To  become  sour  or  spoiled,  as  milk.  5.  To  be 
brought  about;  result;  as,  to  turn  to  profit:  often  with 
out;  as,  the  day  turned  out  fair.  6.  To  be  shaped  me- 
chanically by  rotation,  as  in  a  lathe.  [<  L.  torno, 
round  off.]  Syn.:  see  bend;  change;  revolve.  —  turn'- 
buck'lo,  re.  A  form  of  coupling  so  threaded  that  when  con- 
nected lengthwise  between  two  metal  rods  It  may  be  turned 
so  as  to  regulate  the  distance  between  them. — turn 'coat", 
n.  One  who  goes  over  to  the  opposite  side  or  party:  a  rene- 
gade.— turn'donn",  a.  Folded  down,  as  a  collar.  —  turn'« 
cr1,  re.  One  who  turns;  specif.,  one  who  fashions  objects  with 
a  lathe. — turn'er!,  re.  A  gymnast;  especially,  a  member  of  a 
turnverein. — turn'er-y,  n.  [-iesz,  pl.\  Lathe=work,  or  the 
place  where  it  is  done:  a  literary  word. — turn'ing,  re.  1. 
The  act  of  one  who  turns.  2.  The  art  of  shaping  wood, 
metal,  etc.,  in  a  lathe.  3.  Any  deviation  from  a  straight  or 
customary  course;  a  winding;  bend. — turii'ingpoiiit",  re. 
1.  The  point  of  a  decisive  change  in  direction  or  action;  a 
crisis.  2.  The  point  at  which  the  direction  of  a  mot  vm  is  re- 
versed.—  turn 'key",  re.  1.  One  who  has  charge  of  the  keys 
of  a  prison;  a  jailer.  2.  An  instrument  formerly  used  for  ex- 
tracting teeth. —  turn'out",  re.  1.  A  turning  out  or  coming 
forth.  2.  An  equipage.  3.  A  side*track,  as  along  a  road  or 
railway.  4.  Product;  output. — turn'o"ver.  \.a.  Designed 
for  turning  over  or  reversing,  as  a  collar.  II.  re.  1.  The  act 
of  turning  over.  2.  A  small  pie  having  a  crust,  turned  over 
on  itselt.  3.  A  utensil  for  turning  over  food  in  a  frying" 
pan.  turn'plke",  n.  1.  A  road  on  which  tire  toll  gates; 
loosely,  any  highway,  turn 'pike"  roadt.  •>.  a  toll-bar  or 
tOll»gate.  3.  | Scot, |  A  winding  stair.  4.  A  turnstile.  Syn.: 
see  road. — turn 'plate",  re.  A  turntable.  —  turn 'sole",  n. 
Any  one  of  several  plants  supposed  to  turn  their  Bowers  to- 
ward the  sun:  especially,  the  heliotrope.  — turn 'spit",  u.  I. 
One  who  turns  a  spit;  a  menial.  2.  A  dog  formerly  used  In 
a  treadmill  to  tenia  roast  ing-spit. — turn'stile",  n.  An  X- 
Bhaped  frame,  pivoted  on  an  upright  post,  to  turn  as  peo- 
ple pass  thrOUghit:  used  lo  guard  a  path,  enlranee,  el. 
turn 'stone",  n.  A 
ploverlike  bird  of 
nor  hern  region  ;  so 

called  from  its  habit 
of  turning  over 
stones  to  obtain   Its 

food  (small  crusta- 
ceans, etc.).  — 
tiirn'ta"ble,  n.      A 

rotating  platform 
arranged  to  turn  a 
bridge,    locomotive, 

or  ear  so  that  it 
may    lie    run   off   on 

any  connecting  track,    turn 'plate"  1  [Eng.].     2.  A  small 
rotating  disk   In  a   microscope      -i-  A  rotating  table  In  a 

show-window 
turn,  n      1.  The  act   of  turning,  or  (lie  state  oi  being 
turned;  a  change,  deflection,  oi  variation,    (1)  A  turn- 


.   Swing -bridg 
with   T  u  r  n 
table.      2.    I)e-  » 
tailed  View  of 
Turntable. 

,,.  I.,  plar;  >>.  '.   r,»t  plan;  r.  00 

,i  .  Lot    • .  trn.'k:  i.  rollers;  0,dn 


Iiirn.r        i 


Art:  fat.  fir*;  fn-tt:  get.  pr*v:   bit,  poll         «  {6;   D9t.tr;  full.  rOI.<;  Inn.  l>Orn; 

i      i       .1  ii         I  .  i     i        i  i  .i.  .nil.  Or,  w6n, 


s..s 


volution     3. 

in   mime 

work     i. 

I, 
mother; 

;.   \  . 

s-  :   ooil       9. 

i  note,  tlir 

III.     CoUoq] 

m  alarm;  ns,  it  gave  hei 

Joseph   Mallard   William 

■  ilnter. 

I  nr  nip,  I    •  fleshy  globular  i  <li 

the  mustard  familj 

■  urnip  j 

liirn   >.r-,ln    .  i,-.  2  lurii'fiT-lii'.  \ 

itthletlc  club.    [G.| 
lur  p.  ii-iin,  .  ir'pen-tln,  n.     A  I 

:  r.,m  any  i me  ol  several  conifi  i  - 
:   rosin  "i  the  terebinth. 
■  . 
rur'pln.  Dl<  k       Bit  bard 

executed  at  York. 
lur  pln-lt.  .  2  tufpln-It.  n.     A  high  explosive 

containing  -,  1803  by  E.  1  urpln,  a 

mi"  'I'i-iuil.  .  2   tur'pi-tud,   r».      [nberent 

x  ing  de- 
.  vile.] 
tar-quolse',  1  t  ir-keU' or  toVkweiz;  2  tur-kois' or  tur'- 

ranslucenl  i  • 
-.]     lur-qtiois'J. 
tur  r,  iy  coopers.     [<   F.  tour,  TURN.] 

tur  ret,  .  .-jr'.'t.n.  1.  A  amall  tower  rising  above 

'.'.  A  rotating 
n«of»war  or  of  a  fort,    3, 
waycar.  [  <  O]  dim.  of 

tur'ret-ed 
1.  Pr  ■  •. .  .    I  with  l  irrets.    2 


Green  Turtle.     Vis 


•t.  S* 

tur  ll  •     .  I;  2tur'tl, 

1 . 

: 

n  with  a  boi 

- 
.  for  pro- 

- 

icaJi;.  itinguished  from  a  tern  -- 

•. 
■  mi  of  a  segment  oi  a  <■ 
■i  a  type«Tevolving  wi  '■ 
tor 'tie- back",  n.     An  arched  cover- 
Ol  a  ship  as  a  protection  against 
at  the  Ikiw  or  stern. 
tnr'tl  e    .  I  turtle-dove.    [  <  AS.  turtle,  <  L.  turtur.] 

turtle  dove*.    .      I.  An  Old  World 
for   its 
mate  and  ;. 

eons,  as  the  American  mourning»dove. 
Tu-  I  ,-n>  . 

-  -I    in.:  pop 
Tu-'ran.     I.  a.  ,   Tus- 

II.  n.    I  •  I  i      re  or  natural- 
ized Inhabitant  of  '■  :.  The 

.■  Florence,  etc    Tus'kan;. 

1  ii-    '   i-r..'r    .  ,'ra,  n.     An  Ii. 

..  separated  from  its 
.  ■  ■linxi. 
Tu/ru-lum.   ]    "H'fciu-limi:  2  tuV<u-lum,  n.     An  ancient 

ii  the  Alban  :'ime. 

tu-ii.  .  -         2  tush,  n.    Borne  ■•■  [tlcnn-.  etc. 

tu^li   ,  inlerj.  An  exclamation  expressing  disapproval,  impa- 
tu-k.  .  I . 

'•         sharp,    projecting 
c,  tiisk.] — tucked,  a. 
Taa-ke'gee,  :         ■  \  A  town  In 

■ 
tu-'-i,  .  :.    i.  r(  .v  ,i,    [n  s'sled;  i 

have  a  tussle  with:  engage  In  a  tussle.    II.  n.    A  disorderly 

I.K.] 

tas'soek,  :  I.  a  tufl  or  clump  of 

grass  or  sedg<-     2.  A  tuft  as  of  hair  or  feathers.     [Dim. 


Turtle-dove 


Dan        r,  tufl       tux 'suck  t.    tus'soek>moth",  n.    \ 
moth  ■  i,.iirH. 

(iii.  1  tut;  S  in'.  '■■'    •      In  exclamation  to  ohaok  raah- 

In    I.  -luge.    1    nu  I.     I  ;  , 

beina  '.'.i r  ,,iii i 

•  i.i  1 1     tutoring     I  -    F  tuti  U .       i 

tu'te-lar,  a      I.   Invested  with 
2.  Pertaining  to  a  guardian     tu'te-la-ryi. 
tu'tor,  l  nu  i..r,  2  tQ'toi      i.         i.  i  ■■  i,  t   ,    i 

instruot;  teach;  train     '.'.  [*o  have  tl uardianahip  of . 

II.  'i      l.  One  wl  mother  u r  more 

branches  of  knowli  lly,  a  private  teacher    '.'- 

ili  ! I )ng    i  m\  |    \n  offii  tod  with  i In-  oare  "i 

the  undergraduates  of  a  collogi  [1     -|  A  collcgo 

prol      oi      :t.  '  .      /  \ 

guardian  of  a  minor  or  of  a  woman.    I-    <  >\    tutor,  <L. 
tutor,  ■    tutor,  guard.]    s.vu.:  see  teacr.     tu 'tor-age,  n, 
in  'iiir-i".»,  ».     lu-to'ri-.ii.         tu 'tor-ship,  n, 
(urn  init'ii,  i  lui'u-friir::  \  confection, 

Tu"tu-ria.  l  urin  n...  :•  tu*tu  I'll,  n      tn  American  Island 

of  the  Samoan  group;  64  sq  m  ;  pop    ■ 
lu-u  Mil '.    I  1   in-liu  It',  -1»\\  .  :,  ■  ,h,       | 

in  »inm'. -,  an  owl.    II.  n.    The  cry  of  an  owL    [imi- 

lllln  ,  loo    «  Immi':. 

tni-e'do,  ]  ti  .     V&o.n     [C   B.]    A  tailless  coat 

resembling  an  evening  dress  coal  for  evening  wear  on  occa- 

■  monj  :  a  dlnni  \   \  | 

tu"yere',  1  tfl'yar'  or  twin  2  ttl  yflr*  or  twer,  n  The  pipe 
through  which  uir  is  forced  Into  a  furnace  or  forge  [F  .  nozle; 
akin  totuyau  pipe:  •■p.  D.tuit,  Dan. tud.]    twy'eret. 

twad'dle'-,  1  twedl;  2  twadl.     I.  vt.  &  vi      [twad'- 
.■■  u>'oi  in'.  |    To  prate  weakly  and  preten- 
tion ly.    II.  ii.    Pretentious,  silly  tnlk.    [<lcr.il 
s.vn.  gee  n  ibbi  i:     twad  'dler,  n. 

t  w  :ii  ii  .1  twen;  2  twin.  \.  a.  Two.  II.  «.  A  couple;  pair. 
[<  AB  '■"";<'/.  two.]    Syn.:  see  both. 

Twain,  Mark.    See  Mark  TWAIN. 

twal,  1  twal; 2 twal, a.    [Scot.]   Twelve,    twali;. 

twang,  l  tw:uj;2  twang.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [twanged,  twangd8; 
tu ANi.'i.M..]  1.  To  Bound,  or  cause  to  sound,  \uih  a 
sharp,  quick,  riiij.tin^  vibration,  as  a  bowstring.  'I.  To 
play  on  a  si  rin^i'il  instrument,  by  plucking.  :$.  To  ul  ter 
tth  a  harsh,  nasal  sound.  II.  n.  1.  A  sharp, 
vibrating  sound,  as  of  a  tense  siring  plucked.  '£.  A 
sharp,  nasal  sou i ul  of  the  voice.    [Imitative.] 

twan'gle,  1  twao'gl;2  tw&n'gl,  t>.  [Archaic or Prov.]  \.t.  To 
twain,-.  II.  i.  Tomakeallghl  twanging  sound,  as  on  an  in- 
strument, Or  tO  give  fori  Ii  such  a  sou  nil.     [1  rci|.  of  TWANG,  r.l 

twa'some,  1  twfi'sum;  :.'  twa'sdm.    [Scot.]    I.  a.    Same  as 

TWOSOUB.     II.  n.     Two  persons  in  company;  a  pair. 

tweak, ItwIk;2twSk.    V.vt.    Topincnandtwi  t sharply; 

twitch.  II. /(.  A  twisting  pinch;  twitch.   [For  twitch,  v.] 
tweed,  1  twid;  2  tw6d,  n,    An  unfinished  twilled  woolen 

fabric,  usually  of  two  colors.     [Perhaps  <  twill,  /.) 
twee'dle.  l  twl'dl;2  twC'di.  v.  [twee'dled;twee'dling.]    I.I. 

To  handle  carelessly.    II.  t.    To  wriggle.    [For  twiddle.] 
twee'dle,  n.      A  sound  resembling  the  tones  of  a  violin. — 

twee'dle-dum"  and  twee'dle-dee",  two  things  between 

v.  inch  there  Isl  i le  distinction. 

'tween,  1  twin; 2  twen.  prep.    Between:  a  conlracted  form. 

tweeze,  /  1  twlz;  2  twes,  ".     1.  A  c-.im-  of  surgical  instruments. 

tweese,  S  'l.  pi.    a  jiair  of  tweezers.    [<  F.  ttuis,  sheath.] 

tweez'ers,  1  twis/srz;2  twSz'erg,  n.  pi.  1.  .Small  pincers 
for  tiny  objects:  often  called  a  pair  of  tweezers.  •£.  A 
jetol  surgeons'  instruments.    (  <  tweeze, | 

twelfth,  1  twelfth:  2  twelfth.   I.  a.    1.  Second  in  order  after 

thetentli.     'I.  Being  one  of  twelve  equal  parts.     II.  n.     I. One 

of  twelve  equal  parts.  ''.  ilfiu.  An  Interval  compounded  of 
.in  octa\  eand  a  tifth.— Twelfth 'scakc",».  A  cake  prepared 
for  b  Twelfth»nlght  festival. — T.«day,  n.  The  festival  of 
the  Epiphany,  being  the  twelfth  day  after  Christmas. — 
twelfth'ly,  adv.—  Twcirth=nlKht,  a.  &  n.  The  eve  of 
■i  day,  or  evening  before  Kpiptiany. 

twell  c1'.  1  t  wr  lv;  2  t  w'-lv.  I.  a.  Consisting  of  twice  six. 
II.  rt.  The  sum  of  ten  and  two,  or  the  symbols  repre- 
12  or  XII.  (  <  AS.  twclf.]  —  twelve  'mo,  a. 
.'.  n.    Duodecimo. — twelve'month,  ».    A  year. 

twen'ty,  1  twen'ti;  2  twSn'ty.  I.  a.  1.  Consisting  of  twice 
ten.  '*.  A  considerable  but  indefinite  number.  II.  n. 
(-i  i  r.-7-,  ]il.\    '  ii  and  t  n,  or  the  symbols  repre- 

g  it,  as  2D  or  XX.  [<  AS.  twentio.]  —  twenti- 
eth. I.  a.  1.  Tenth  in  order  after  the  tenth.  2.  Being  one 
of  twenty  equal  parts.     II.  n.     One  of  twenty  equal  parts. 

twl-,  twy-.  A  prefix  meaning  two;  double,  as  In  flight. 
[<  AS.  twi,  <  lied,  two.]— twice,  adv.    Two  timi 

I  nick 'en-ham,  1  twlk'en-am;  2  twik'en-am,  n.  A  town  12 
m    W.  S.  W.  of  London.  Eng.;  home  of  Pope;  pop.  29.400. 

twid  'die,  1  twld'l:  2  twld'l,  v.  &  n.    To  twirl. 

twid  'die,  n.    A  gentle  twirling,  as  of  the  Angers. 


1:3=  final;    l  =  habit^    aisle;    au  =  0Mt;     ell:    iu  =  i?ud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  B\ng;    fh'm,   this. 
829        2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   lull,    rule,    cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;    ink;    thin,    this. 


Turner 
typ. 


twi'fal"lowt,  vt.     To  plow  a  second  time  before  sowing,  as 

fallow  land.    twy'fal"Iowf. 
twig,  1  twig;  2  twig,  v.    [twigged;  twig'ging.]    [Slang.]   I.  t. 

I.  To  observe  closely;  notice  or  watch.    2.  To  comprehend. 

II.  I.     To  notice  or  perceive.    [  <  Ir.  tuigim,  I  notice.] 
twig,  re.    1.  A  small  shoot  or  branchlet  of  a  tree.    2.  Anat. 

A  small  branch,  as  of  an  artery  or  other  vessel.  [  <  AS. 
twig,  perhaps  <  /!<•!-,"  see  twi-.] — twigged,  a.  Having  shoots 
or  twigs. — twig 'gent,  a.  Made  of  twigs;  wicker. — twig'- 
gy,  a.  Like,  or  abounding  in.  twigs.  —  twig'less,  a. 
twi 'light",  1  twai'loit";  2  twi'lit".  I.  a.  1.  Pertaining  or 
peculiar  to  twi- 
light. 2.  Imper- 
fectly or  faintly  jtim  ^"~\ \ 
lighted;  shaded; 
dim.  II.  re.  1.  East.^W  "  \ 
The  light  diffuse  ' 


over  the  sky  after 
sunset  and  before 
sunrise,  caused  by 
reflection  of  sun- 
light    from     the , 


Twilight  Arch. 


Fort 


i  observer  at  a  the  eun  is  just  Betting  and  th. 

;  atmosphere  appears  to  be  wholly  illuminated;    at  6  tin. 

luglier  portions  Of  twilight  arch,  which  separates  the  liehted  part  of  the 

the     atmosphere- 8k-Tfr<"    " 


i  the  shaded,  at  ft 
-  western  half  of  the  sky  is  bright:   at  (/  this  has  sunk. 
hence,     any     taiUt  while  at  e  it  has  faded  away,   when  the  sun  (toward 
light.  2.  Indistinct  which  the  arrow  points)  is  about  18o  below  the  horizon. 

apprehension     or 

perception.     [  <  twi-    +  light,  n.] — twilight  arch, 

the  arch  that  bounds  the  brightest  region  of  twilight.  —  t. 
sleep  (Obstet.) ,  a  light  sleep,  induced  artilicially,  in  which  the 
patient  loses  the  power  to  remember  present  events  and  sen- 
sations, but  retains  muscular  power,  dam'mer-sculafi  [GJ. 

twill,  1  twil;  2  twil.  I.  vt.  To  weave  so  as  to  produce 
diagonal  lines  or  ribs  on  the  surface  of  (the  cloth).  II. 
re.  A  fabric  made  by  carrying  the  woof«thrcad  over 
one  and  under  two  or  more  warp*threads,  producing  the 
characteristic  twilled  appearance.  [<  LG.  twillen, 
double,  <  V  of  two.] — twilled,  pa.    Ribbed  or  ridged. 

twill,  1  twin;  2  twin.  l..a.  1.  Being  a  twin  or  twins.  2. 
Consisting  of,  forming,  or  being  one  of  a  pair  of  similar 
objects;  double.  II.  n.  1.  One  of  two  young  produced 
at  a  birth.  2.  The  counterpart  or  exact  mate  of 
another.  [  <  AS.  getwin,  <  twi-;  see  twi-.] — the  Twins 
(Astron.),  Castor  and  Pollux,  the  two  brightest  stars  in  the 
constellation  Gemini;  also,  the  constellation. 

twine,  1  twain;  2  twin.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [twined;  tvvin'ing.] 
1.  To  twist  spirally.  2.  To  coil  about  something;  sur- 
round by  winding  or  wreathing;  curl  around.  3.  To 
interlace.  4.  To  form  of  twisted  threads  or  filaments. 
5.  To  wind  sinuously;  meander.  II.  a.  Of  or  like  twine. 
III.  n.  1.  A  string  composed  of  two  or  more  strands 
twisted  together;  loosely,  any  small  cord.  2.  The  act  of 
twining  or  entwining.  3.  A  form  or  conformation  pro- 
duced by  twining.  4.  An  interweaving  or  interlacing. 
[<  AS.  twin,  <  twi-;  see  twi-.]    Syn.:  see  bend;  twist. 

twinge,  1  twinj ;  2  twing.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [twinged;  twing'- 
ing.]  1.  To  affect  with  a  twinge;  suffer  sudden  pain.  2. 
To  twitch.  II.  n.  A  sharp  darting  local  pain;  twitch; 
also,  a  mental  pang.    [Of  D.  origin.]    Syn.:  see  tain. 

twink,  1  twink;2twink,t).  &n.  [Prov.  Eng.]  Same  as  twinkle. 

twin'kl(ei',  1  twirj'kl;  2  twin'kl.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [twin'- 
kl(e)d'';  twin'kling.]  1.  To  flash  out  or  shine,  as  a 
star,  with  rapidly  quivering  light;  hence,  to  gleam  fit- 
fully in  any  way.  2.  To  wink  or  blink,  as  the  eyelids. 
3.  To  move  with  a  rapid  vibratory  motion;  as,  twinkling 
feet.  II.  n.  1.  A  tremulous  gleam  of  light ;  sparkle; 
dimmer.  2.  An  instant.  [<  AS.  twinclian,  twinkle.] 
Syn.:  see  light.  — twin'kling,  re.  1.  A  scintillating.  2. 
The  act  of  winking,  or  the  time  required  for  it.  3.  Hence,  a 
moment.    Syn.:  see  light.  [2.  To  gleam;  twinkle. 

twlre,  1  twair;  2  twlr,  vi.     [Prov.  or  Obs.)     1.  To  peep  out. 

twirl,  1  twurl;  2  twirl.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  give  a  whirling 
motion  to,  as  with  the  fingers;  be  whirled  about.  II.  ;/. 
A  whirling  motion,  or  a  quick  twisting  action,  as  of  the 
fingers.    [Freq.  <  AS.  thiveran,  turn.] 

twist',  1  twist;  2  twist,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  wind  (strands,  etc.) 
round  each  other  tightly;  also,  to  form  by  this  proct 
hence,  to  intertwine.  2.  To  change  in  form,  ho  as  to  give 
a  spiral  form  to;  also,  to  cause  to  rotate  while  following 
a  curved  path,  as  a  ball.  3.  To  wrench  out  of  a  natural 
shape;  distort;  figuratively,  to  give  a  wrong  meaning  to; 
pervert.  4.  To  twine  into  a  circular  form  or  round 
some  object.  5.  To  effect  by  a  serpentine  course  or  mode 
of  action.  II.  i.  1.  To  turn  round  and  round  spirally 
upon  itself  or  some  other  object.  2.  To  be  Interlaced  or 
intertwined.  3.  To  move  in  a  serpentine  course;  writhe; 
squirm.    4.  To  wind  about  .something  spirally. 

Syn.:    bend,    contort,    crook,    encircle,    entwine,    twine, 
weave,  wind,  wreathe.    To  twist  Is  to  bend  a  thing  some-  I 


what  spirally  upon  itself.  To  twine  is  to  bend  it  around  some 
other  object.  Wrestlers  twine  their  arms  about  each  other, 
but  if  a  combatant's  arm  is  twisted  it  is  likely  to  disable  him. 
An  iron  shaft  may  be  twisted  out  of  shape,  but  not  twined; 
the  groove  of  a  rifle=barrel  is  twisted,  not  tieincd;  a  WTeath  is 
twined  around  one's  temples,  but  not  twisted.  Compare 
bend;  pervert. — twlst'er,  n. 
twist,  n.  1.  Anything  made  from  tightly  twisted  strands, 
or  having  the  appearance  of  being  so  made;  also,  the 
structural  form  so  produced.  2.  The  act,  manner,  or 
result  of  twisting,  or  the  state  of  being  twisted.  3. 
Baseball  &  Cricket.  A  whirling  motion  given  to  the 
ball  by  the  bowler  or  pitcher,  so  that  it  may  take  a  spe- 
cial curve.  4.  Fig.,  distinctive  character;  peculiarity; 
bent;  as,  a  mental  twist.  5.  Physics.  (1)A  torsional  strain. 
(2)  A  forward  motion  combined  with  rotation  about  an 
axis.    6f.  A  twig.     [  <  AS.  twist,  <  twi-;  see  twi-.] 

twit,  1  twit;  2  twit,  vt.  [twit'ted11;  twit'ting.]  To 
annoy  by  reminding  of  something  unpleasant;  taunt; 
reproach.    [  <  AS.  set,  at,  +  witan,  reproach.] 

twitch,  1  twich;  2  twich.  I',  vt.  &  vi.  To  pull  sharply; 
pluck  with  a  jerky  movement;  move  with  a  quick,  spas- 
modic jerk,  as  a  muscle  from  nervousness.  II.  n.  1.  A 
sudden  involuntary  contraction  of  a  muscle.  2.  A  sud- 
den jerk  or  pull.    [  <  AS.  twiccian,  twitch] 

twit'ter,  1  twit'ar;2twit'er.  I.vt.&vi.  To  utter  with  or 
give  a  continuous  rapid  chirping.  II.  n.  1.  A  succession 
of  light,  tremulous  sounds,  as  those  made  by  birds.  2. 
A  disease  of  plants  caused  by  insects.    [Imitative  ] 

'twixt,  1  twikst;  twikst,  prep.    Betwixt:  an  abbreviated  form. 

two,  1  tu;  2  to.  I.  a.  Consisting  of  one  more  than  one. 
II.  n.  The  sum  of  one  and  one;  the  symbols  2  or  II. 
[<  AS.  twd.]  Syn.:  see  both.— two'sedged",  a.  Having 
an  edge  on  each  side,  cutting  both  ways.— two'fold".  I.  a. 
Double.  II.  adv.  In  a  twofold  manner  or  degree.—  two 
handed,  a.  1.  Requiring  both  hands  at  once.  2.  Con- 
structed for  use  by  two  persons.  3.  Ambidextrous. — two'- 
pence,  re.  [Gt.  Brit.]  1.  Money  of  account  of  the  value  of 
two  pennies.  2.  A  former  copper  coin  of  the  same  value. — 
two'pen"ny,  a.  Of  the  price  or  value  of  twopence;  hence, 
cheap. — two=ply,  a.  1.  Made  of  two  united  webs;  woven 
double;  as,  a  two-ply  carpet.  2.  Made  of  two  strands  or  two 
thicknesses  of  material. — two'some,  a.  [Scot.]  1.  Enacted, 
undertaken,  or  participated  in  by  two,  as  a  reel;  twofold; 
dual.  2.  Jointly  constituting  a  pair;  comprising  two. — 
two=step,  n.  [U.  S.]  A  round  dance  consisting  of  a  skipping 
step  on  alternate  feet  in  common  time;  the  music  for  it. 

Two  Sic'i-lies.  A  kingdom  formed  by  the  union  of  Sicily  with 
Naples  in  1130,  and  at  times  with  other  parts  of  S.  Italy. 

twy-,  prefix.    Same  as  twi-. 

-ty1,  suffix.  Ten:  a  termination  of  numerals;  as.  thirty.  [< 
AS.  -tig,  ten;  cp.Goth.  ligus,  ten.]  -ty=,  suffix.  A  termination  of 
abstract  nouns  of  Latin  origin;  as,  felici^.  [  <  F.  -te,  <  L.  -las.) 

Tyb'alt,  1  tib'alt;  2  tyb'alt,  re.  In  Shakespeare's  Romeo  and 
Juliet,  nephew  to  LadyCapulet;  kills  Mercutio;  killed  by 
Romeo. 

Ty'burn,  1  tai'bern;  2  ty'burn,  re.  A  historic  place  of  execu- 
tion in  London,  England. — Tyburn  tree,  the  gallows. 

Ty'che,  1  tai'ki;  2  ty'ce,  re.  Or.  Myth.  The  goddess  of  chance. 

ty-eoon',  1  tai-kun';  2  ty-coon',  re.    See  shogun. 

Ty'deus,  1  tai'dius  or  tid'i-us;  2  ty'dus  or  tyd'e-us,  n.  dr. 
Myth.  jEtolian  prince;  one  of  the  seven  against  Thebes. 

tyet,  v.  &  n.    Same  as  tie. 

tyke,  1  talk;  2  tyk,  re.  Same  as  tike.  2.  [Slang,  Eng.]  A  man 
from  the  county  of  Yorkshire.    |  ■ ;  [ce.  lit.] 

Ty'ler,  1  tai'lsr;  2  ty'ler,  re.  1.  John.  See  president.  2. 
Wat  (         -1381),  an  English  rebel;  opposed  taxation. 

tym'pan,  1  tim'psn;  2  tyrn'pan,  re.  1.  A  thickness  (or, 
Moir  usually,  Beveral  thicknesses),  as  of  paper,  on  the 
impression«surface  of  a  printing-press:  used  to  improve 
the  quality  of  tin-  presswork.  2.  Arch.  A  tympanum. 
3.  A  membrane  or  other  thin  .sheet    tightly  stretched. 

[V.,  <  L.  tympanum;  see  tympanum.]-  tym-pan'lc,  a.    1. 

Like  or  of  the  nature  of  a  drum.  2.  Anat.  of  or  pertaining 
to  the  middle  car.— tympanic  membrane,  a  thin  sheet 
stretched  across  the  passage  leading  into  Hie  ear  which  re- 
ceives the  alr-vlbratlons:  the  ear-drum,  tyin 'pa-lllim,  n. 
[-NA,  yl.]  1.  .4 nut.  The  middle  ear;  also,  the  tympanic  mem 
brane;  hence,  some  similar  membrane.  2.  Arch.  An 
mental  space,  as  over  a  doorway,  bounded  by  an  arch  or  the 

like.     3.  A  large  drum-wheel  llllecl  with  buekels  for  raising 
water  from  a  Bowing  Stream,     4.  An  ancient  I'orm  of  drum. 

[L.,  <  Gr.  tympanon,  drum,  ■    typto,  beat  1 

Tyn'dale,  1  tln'dal;  2  tyn'dal,  William  (1484  1638).  En- 
glish priest;  translated  New  Testament;  burned  al  stake 

Tyn'dall,  l  tln'del;2  tyn'dal,  John  (1820  L893),    a  iiriiish 

physicist.  [In  the  North  Sea 

Tyne,  1  tain;  2  tyn.  ».    A  river  in  N'.  England;  length,  30  m 
Tyne'moiitli.    1    tnln'math;  2   tyn'mitth.    //.      A    watering 

place  with  ancient  priory  In  N.  E.  England;  pop.  80,688 
typ.,  typog.,  abbr.     Typographer,  typographic,  typogra] 

cal,  typography.  / 


II  II  - 


a  |      |        .,        .  i  5;  net,  i       nil.  rftlo;  but,  bOrni 

i     list,  »ii»t.  .i  ■        I    I ■  ■•;  I"  * ;  •    •  •  »•"■  "<"•  «•'•  »«»". 


RSfl 


ii  •  jri>it>  . 

II  i . 

!. 

i.    • 

1 

,  impound-  i 

- 

ii. 
.ring  on  its  upper 

»s>i&  f iiQiifth.  ©eimcm  Xe?t  JSlacYi  letter. 
Gothic.         Boldfa.ce,        Clarendon. 

Antique.       .Jrri/tt.        French  Elzevir. 

Typewriter. 

i  letter  or  character  f<>r  use  in  printing; 

now  designated  by  polnl  I, 
0138  Inch,  In  preference  to  the 
lie  chief  are  given  below  : 

or  I'msiis. 


ir>point. .  Long  Primer 
u-point.. Small  Pica 

l-'.polm  .  .  I    K'U 


Pearl 

•   ...  .Minimi 

Brevier        14.IM,lnt.  Kliimsh 
«>p»int     .  Bourgi 


(neat  Primer 


7.  \  ■  imp;  mark.    B.  \  pi  m  to  which 

n  ahould  conform,  as  in  fine  arts. 
5.  1'.  .  ice  on  either  side 

in.    [F.,  <  Gr.L  typos,  <  iyptO,  strike.] 
Syn.: 
t ;.[>«•'. bar",  it.     1.  Print.  A  line  Of  type  cast  in  one 

;.  one  of  a  series  of  bars  In  a  type- 
el    i .  pe      t.:foundlng,   n. 
if  metal  type  for  printing. — t.  .foundry, 
which  metal  type  Is  made. — 1.» 
fniin  1'  r.  t.   metal,  ■(.     The  alloy  of  which  types  ari- 

ri.  and  antimony,  In  vario 
type'sefter,    .       i  compositor,  or  a  machine 
type'sef'tlng,  r».— type'wrlte",  it. 
vriting.machiue.  type:  [Colloq.]. 
type'wrlfer,         i.    \  typewrlttet.    Z.  A  machine  for 
a  substitute  for  writing: 
!    depression  of  the  keys  serving 
ipon  the  paper,  through  the  medium  Of 

i.  g  1  a  machine-gun.— type'- 

»rli"ltiK,         l.i  ..  n rltlng. 

t>  pe'wrlflst, 

.'. rltrng-machine.    t>p'l>tj. 

-t>i»-.     i  termination  used  <  I  tentative 

form."  'stump";  as.  prototype.    [<  F.  type;  see  tyi-k,  n  . 


I  \     |.ll.i  Yll-.     !  '  .  •    ■  i     '  \    i   I. ml 

with  a  hundred  Hiinke«hoada;  defeated  bj  Zeus  with  a  thuu 

■  ii 
(>  pholil.  l  tai  foid  l  i 

'•ling  typhoid       '.'.   Ii.    ■'inl.lllig  I  \  I'liu  •       II.  \n 

i.  \  oi    marked  by  ition,   bright 

cd  eruptions  on  the  cheat  and  abdomon,  and 

on  aocompanied  with  diarrhea      l>'- 

pliolil  ir'tcr;.    [      i  ;■    typhot,  smoke,  stupor;  and  see 

[phoeus;  later  Identified  with  blm. 

r>  plum.  1  nil 7,111     ■  Or.  Myth.  Tin |   i. 

ty-phoon'.  I  ■  toon',  n     A  wind  ol  oyolonlo 

fori  b  and  peculiar  violence,  occurring  in  the  •  Ihina  sea, 

\-  il I     Syn.:   ."•  ■  ii  i  "M  .  H  imi 

<>  'piins,  L to  \  continued  f<  ■■  <  marked 

li\  ■  rash,  aocompanied  with  extreme  prostration  and 
oerebraJ  irritation  [<Qr,  typhoi,  smoke,  stupor,  < 
imoke  I     t>  'plious,  ..•.    i  >r  or  pertaining  to  typhus, 

I)  p't-cal,  l  tip'i  kef;2  typ'i  eal,  a  I.  Having  the  nature 
or  character  oi  a  type:  constituting  a  type  or  pattern; 
symbolic  '■!.  J/ed.  Characteristic,  ty'pai;:  lyp'l. ■;. 
syn  :  see  N"Hmm  i>i>'i-cal-ly,  adv.  typl-cal-nesa,  n. 
i)P'l-fy,  at  [-nni;-tv'iMi.|  I.  To  represent  by  a  type; 
signify,  as  by  an  Image  or  token    S.  To  constitute  o  type 

() 'l»«>-,  l  toi  po-;  2  i\  i"  \  I'n  ifii  from  Greek  typos, 
i  \  pe  '  ■    typti,  sm  . 

t>-pug'ra-plier.  1  i<il-]M>g'r<>-for;  2  ty-p&g'ra-fcr,  n.  A.  print- 
er.    i>  "po-grapiri-eal,    a.     Pertaining    to    typography. 

t)"l»o-grapli  '!<•;.      (>  "po-grapiri-<-rtl-l>,  adr. 

i)-poicTa-pli>,  l  tol-pog're-fi;  :.'  t]  pofra-fy,  ».  I.  The 
arrangemem  of  oomposed  type,  or  the  appearance  of  printed 
matter.    '!.  The  ad  or  art  of  composing  and  priming  from 

types.     I        Mi"-    ;    -QBAFHT.] 

i'jr.  i  t .  1 1 1- . :  •  \iut)i.  Thegod of  war  and  s I 

Odin;  in-  name  is  given  to  Tut  tdav.    Tyrrl. 

ty  'runt,  1  imi  ..Mi ;  2  ty'rant,  n.  I.  <  toe  n  ho  rules  oppres- 
sively  or  crui  lly;  a  despot.  '-•  l  ine  who  exercises  abso- 
lute power  without  Legal  warrant,  whether  ruling  will  or 
ill:  the  original  meaning  in.  ancient  Greece,  [<  P. 
tyran,  <  h.  tyrannus,  <  Or.  turannot, master.]  ty-raii'nl- 
eal,  </.  ivrtaimug  to  or  liki- »  t.'.  i.-int.  ty-raii'nlot.  Syn.: 
•  i  LBSOLUTB;  ARBITRARY,  ty-ran'iil-cal-ly,  adv.— ty- 
ran 'nl-cliie,  ii.     1.  The  slayer  Of  a  tyrant.     ''.  The  slaying 

ol  a  tyrant,  tyr'an-nlae,  vt.  &  n.  [-nizeo;  -niz'ino.]  To 
domineer  over;  play  the  tyrant,    tyr'an-nlsej.    tyr'an- 

nOUB,  a.  Despotic;  tyrannical.  Svn.:  SCO  AKIHTKAKY. — 
tyr'an-nous-ly,  adv.     tyr'an-nous-ness,  n.  -  tyr'an-n> , 

n.     [-M(".sz.  pl.\     1.  Absolute  power  arbitrarily  or  unjustly 

administered;  despotism,    'i.  An  arbitrarily  cruel  exercise  of 
power;  a  tyrannical  act.    3.  Or.  Hint.  The  office  or  the  ad- 
ministration of  a  tyrant. 
Tjre,  1  tolr;  2  tyr.  n.    An  ancient  maritime  city  In  Phcnicla. 
josh,  xix,  29.— Tyr'l-an,  a.  &  n.    I.  a.    l.  I  >f  or  pertaining 

to  Tyre.  'i.  Haying  the  color  of  Tyrian  dye;  purple.  II.  n. 
A  native  of  Tyre.  Tyrian  dye,  a  light  violet-purple  dye- 
stuff.    Tyrian  purple!. 

ty'ro,  1  toi'ro;  2  t.v'ro,  n.  One  who  is  in  the  rudiments  of 
any  study  or  the  preliminary  stage  of  any  occupation;  a 
beginner;  novice.    [<  L.  tiro,  recruit.] 

Tyr 'oli  1  lir'.ii. :.' t>  r'oi.  n.  A  mountainous  district  in  W.Aus- 
tria: capital.  liiiLiliniek;  pop.  982,000.-  Tyr'o-lcse,  a.  &  n. 
Ty-ro'li-anJ. — T)-ro'ler,  n.     A  Tyrolese. 

Tjr-r.'ic'iil-aii  sea,  1  b-rl'm-en;  2  ty-re'nl-an.  The  body  of 
water  between  Hah-  ami  Sardinia,  Corsica,  ami  Sicily: 
ancient  name.     [<   Gr.  Tvrrhlnia,  Tuscany.] 

Tyr-tss'as,  l  tar-tl'os;2  iyr-te'us.  n.  a  (.reck  poet  of  about 
650  B   < !.,  who  Inspired  the  Spartans  by  his  war'Songs. 

!/.ar,  tza-rl'na,  etc.     Same  as  I  ZAB,  etc. 

tzet'zc,  7i.     Same  aa  TSETSE. 


u 


I     II   I 


SJ  u ' 


Letter. 


// 


//      Seri[)t 


In-  1  yuz;  2  yus,  pi.]    A 

■  alphabet. 
I    .  ;  r.mlum.  uncle 

u-bi'.-i>.  l  .  i-boi'i-ti:  2  yn-bfe-ty,  n.  r  being  in 

a  place:  local  relation.     [<   L.  ubt.  where       u-be'i-t>  ;. 
i]-lni|  ui-i>.    ]       .-i,ik'wi-ti:  2  yu-lilk'wi-ty,  n.     1.  The 

t   once; 

alwaj  ing  or  end.     [L.*  ubique,  every- 

u-bl'i  'ui- 1 «,u-.  Jeemlng  to  be  everywhere  at 

u-bl(j'ul-ta-r>  :.    -ly,  a         -in    -. 

t  'boat,  n.     in  ondersea  boat;  rabmai 

i     <  -  •  anada  M.200  m.  to  Amazon 

t    eu-ja'll,  1  rao-yttt     :  ArtverN. E.Peru; 


ud'der,  1  od'ar;  2  Bd'Sr,  re.    1.  An  organ  thai  secretes 

milk,  as  in  the  cow  the  nnlk*bag.  2§.  Ateat.  [<  AS.  fide;  | 

u-dom'e-ter,  1  yu-dem'i-tar;  2  yi.i-d6in'e-icr,  n.    A  rain* 

.    f  -MKTKK.] — U"dO-lllt't'ri«•,  a. 

U-gan'da,  1  Q-gan'da;  2  t.i-gan'da,  n.    A  British  protectorate 
and  former   native   klngdfim   In  E.  Africa;    109.119  sq.  m.: 
pop.  2,888.000;  capital.  I.ntebbe. 
ugh,  1  ii :  2  ii.  inter j.   A  n  exclamation  of  repugnance  or  disgust. 
UR'ly,  1  ug'li;  2  iig'ly,  a.     [uo'LI-EB;  uo'li-est.]    1.  Dis- 
the  esthetic  feelings,  as  from  lack  of  grace 
or   proportion;    distasteful   in   appearance;   ill. looking; 
unsightly.      '1.    Repulsive   I"   the  moral  sentiments;   re- 
volting.     .'{.    Had   in   character  or   consequences,   as  a 
WOUnd.      4.    [I-.   S]    Ill'tempered.      |         Ice, 

uggr,  horror.]     uk'H-Ij,  adv.     ugll-ncss,  '/ 

ilh'lan,  I  u'l.m  nr  vu'l-in:  :;  U'lan  hi  ytl'lan.  n.    Mil     A  cavalry- 
man and   lancer,  chlelly  employed  ill  reconnoiterlng.  ski'- 


1:  a  =  final;    I  =  hablt^    aisle;    ail  =  out;    ell;     iu  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    T}  =  8ing;    thin,   this. 
831  2:  wglf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   bOrn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;  thin,   this. 


type 

ii  n- 


mishing,  etc.  [G.,  <  Pol.  ulan,  <  Turk,  oglan  (<  Tatar 
oglan),  lad.]    u'lani.  [A  German  lyrical  poet. 

Uh'land,  1  u'lant;  2  u'liint,  Johann  Ludwig  (1787-1862). 

U-ln'ta,  1  yu-in'ta:  2  yu-ln'ta,  re.  A  mountain  range  in  N.  E. 
Utah;  highest  point   13,687  ft.  high.     U-in'tah*. 

Uit,  1  sit;  2  oit,  prep.  Out;  out  of.  [S.»Afr.  D.]  — 
Uit'land-er,  re.  A  foreigner;  formerly,  in  the 
South-African  Republic,  a  foreign  white  resident. 
— ult'span",    v.   &  n.     Outspan. 

U.  K..  abbr.    United  Kingdom. 

U-kase',  1  yu-kes';  2  yu-kas',  re.  An  edict 
or  decree  of  the  Russian  government. 
[F.,  <  Rus.  ukazu,  edict.] 

U'kraine,  1  yu'kren:  2  yu'kran, 
n.  A  region  in  S.  W.  European 
Russia  which  proclaimed  its  inde- 
pendence In  1917. — U-krain'i- 
an,  a.  &  re. 

u"ku-le'le,  1  yu"ka-le'h;  2  yu'ke- 
le'le,  n.  [Hawaii.]  A  guitar-like 
musical  Instrument.  u"ke-le'let. 

ul'cer,  1  ul'sar;  2  iil'cer,  n.  An 
open  sore  on  an  external  or  in- 
ternal surface  of  the  body. 
[<  L.F  ulcus  (ulcer-),  ulcer.]  — 
ul  'cer-ated,   vt.  &  vi.      To  be-  German  Uhlan, 

come  ulcerous.  —  ul"cer-a'tion. 

re. — ul'cer-a"tiv(es,  a. —  ul 'cer-ous,  a.  1.  Resembling  an 
nicer.    2.  Affected  with  ulcers,  -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

-ule,  suffix.  Used  in  words  of  Latin  origin  as  a  diminutive  ter- 
mination; as,  granule.     [<  L. -ulus,  -ula.-ulum,  a  dim.  suffix.] 

I  lli-las,  1  ul'fi-las:  2  ul'fi-las,  re.  (311?-383.)  A  Gothic 
bishop  and  missionary  among  the  Visigoths;  Gothic  trans- 
lator of  the  Bible.    Ul'fi-lal;  Ul'phi-last;  Wul'n-lal. 

ul'lage,  1  ul'ij;  2  ul'ag,  re.  Com.  The  quantity  that  a  vessel, 
as  a  wine-cask  or  -bottle,  lacks  of  being  full;  wantage.  [< 
OF.  eullagc,  act  of  filling  up,  <  oeiller,  All  up.] 

Ul-lo'a,  1  u-lyo'a;  2  u-lyo'a,  Francisco  de.  A  Spanish  ex- 
plorer of  California;  lived  about  1540. 

I  1  ii> ,  1  ulm;  2  ulm,  re.  A  town  in  Wurttemburg,  Germany. 
Here  Marshal  Ney  defeated  the  Austrians,  Oct.  17-20,  1805. 

ul'na,  1  ul'na;  2  ul'na,  re.  That  one  of  the  two  long 
bones  of  the  forearm  that  is  on  the  same  side  as  the 
little  finger.   Compare  radius.    [L.,  elbow.] — ul'nar,  a. 

-ulous,  suffix.  A  suffix  in  words  of  Latin  origin  denoting 
"full  of";  as,  querulous,  sedulous.    [<  L.  -ulosus,  -ulus.] 

I'l'pl-an,  1  ul'pi-an:  2  ul'pi-an,  Domitius  (170?-228).  A 
Roman  jurist  born  at  Tyre.    Ul"pl-a'nust. 

ul'ster,  1  ul'star;  2  ul'ster,  re.  A  very  long,  loose  over- 
coat, sometimes  belted  at  the  waist,  worn  by  both 
sexes:  made  originally  of  frieze  from  Ulster,  Ireland. 

Ul'ster,  1  ul'star;  2  ul'ster,  n.  A  province  in  N.  Ireland; 
8,316  sq.  m.;  pop.  1,582,000. 

ult.,  ulto.,  abbr.    [L.]     Ultimo  (last  [month]) . 

Ul-te'ri-or,  1  ul-ti'n-ar;  2  fil-te'ri-or,  a.  1.  More  remote; 
not  so  pertinent  as  something  else  to  the  matter  spoken 
of;  hence,  undisclosed.  2.  Following;  succeeding;  later 
in  time,  or  secondary  in  importance.  3.  Lying  beyond 
or  on  the  farther  side  of  a  certain  bounding  line.  [L., 
compar.  of  utter,  beyond.]    -ly,  adv. 

ul'ti-ma,  1  ul'ti-ma;2  ul'ti-ma.  I.  a.  Being  the  farthest  or 
last.    II.  re.  Gram.  The  last  syllable  of  a  word.    [I..] 

Ul'ti-mate,  1  ul'ti-mit;  2  ul'ti-mat,  a.  1.  Beyond  which 
there  is  no  other;  last  of  a  series;  final.  '£.  Fundamental; 
hence,  elementary;  primary;  as,  ultimate  truth.  3. 
Entom.  Last.  [  <  L.LL  ultimo,  end,  <  ultimus,  last.] — 
ul'tl-mate-ly,  adv.  At  last.— ul'ti-mate-ness,  re.— 
mi  "tl-ma'tum,  //      {-T\,pi.\     t.  A  final  statement,  as  con- 

unrnlng  terms  or  conditions,  especially  in  diplomacy;  a  last 
proposal  or  demand.    '£.  Anything  ultimate. 

Ul'tl-ma  Thulc.  1  ol'ti-ma  thiu'li;  2  ul'ti-ma  thO'le.  [L.] 
Literally,  farthest  Thule;  the  most  northern  land  In  the 
world  as  known  to  the  ancients,  perhaps  Norway  or  Iceland; 
hence,  any  far-away,  mystical,  or  unknown  region. 

ul'ti-mo,  1  ui'ti-mo;  2  ul'ti-mo,  adv.  [L]  In  the  last 
month:  shortened  to  ult.,  following  a  date;  as,  the  15th 
ult.:  opposed  to  proximo  (prox.)  or  instant  (inst.). 

ul'tra,  1  ul'tra:  2  iil'tra.  I.  a.  Going  beyond  the  bounds 
of  moderation;  extreme;  extravagant.  II.  u.  One  who 
holds  extreme  opinions.  [L.,  orig.  abl.  (em.  of  ultir, 
that  Is  beyond.] — ul'tra-lst,  re.  One  who  In  opinions  or 
conduct  goes  beyond  moderation. — ul'tra-lsin,  re. 

ul'tra-,  prefix.  A  prefix  of  Latin  origin  meaning  beyond; 
on  the  other  side  of;  beyond  what  is  usual  or  natural. 
[=  V.  outre-,  <  L.  ultra;  see T/LTHA.]  ul"tra-iiia-rlnc'.  I. 
a,  Beyond  or  across  the  sea.  II.  re.  a  blue  pigment,  or  its 
sea-blue  color.  —  ul"tra-ml'cro-scope,  u.  A  contrivance 
for  delect  ing  the  positions  of  objects  1'm>  small   to  be  seen 

with  an  ordinary  microscope,  by  means  "f  an  Intense  beam 

cjf  light,  thrown  upon  the  spot,  to  be  examined.  Ill"tra- 
inl"oro-scop'lc,  a.  Too  minute  to  be  seen  by  a  micro- 
scope— ul"tra-lnoii'tane.     I.  u.     1.  .Situated  beyond  the 


mountains,  especially  south  of  the  Alps,  that  is,  Italian  or 
papal.     2.  In  politics  or  ecclesiastical  matters,  supporting 
the  policy  of  the  papal  court.    II.  n.    One  who  supports  the 
papal  policy  in  political  or  ecclesiastical  matters.  —  ul"tra- 
mon'ta-nlsm,  re.    The  policy  of  those  who  wish  to  see  all 
power  in  the  church  concentrated  in  the  hands  of  the  Pope. 
— ul"tra-mun'dane,  a.    Extending  beyond  the  world,  the 
solar  system,  or  the  present  life. — ul"tra=vl  'o-Iet,  a.    Lying 
beyond  the  violet:  said  of  invisible  rays  of  the  spectrum  more 
refrangible  than  the  violet:  revealed  by  photography,  etc. 
ii  I'  it-la  nt,  1  ul'yu-lant;  2  ul'yu-lant,  a.    Howling;  hoot- 
ing.    [<  L.  ululo,  howl,   <  ulula,  screech-owl.] — ul'u- 
late,  vi. — nl" ii  la 'I  ion.  re. 
ul'yie,  1  ul'yi;  2  iil'ye,  re.  [Scot.]  Oil.    ul'iej;  ul'ziei. 
U-Iys'ses,  1  yu-lis'iz;  2  yu-lys'e§,  re.  Gr.  Myth.  King  of  Ith- 
aca; engaged  hi  the  Trojan  war;  liis  subsequent  wanderings 
form    the    theme   of    Homer's   Odyssey. 
O-dys'seust  [Gr.]. 
um.,  num.,  abbr.    Unmarried. 
um'bel,  1  um'bel;  2um'bel,n.    A  flower* 
cluster  in  which  a  number  of   pedicels 
radiate  like  the  stays  of  an  umbrella.  Tmbel. 

[<  L.  umbella,  dim.  of  umbra,  shade.] — 
um'bel-late,  a.      Disposed    in    umbels.       um'bel-larj; 
um'bel-lat"edt.— um"beI-IIf'er-ous,  a.  Bearing  umbels. 
um'ber,  1   um'bar;  2  lim'ber,   vt.      To  color  with  umber; 

darken. 
um'ber,  a.    Of  a  dusky  hue;  brownish. 

um'ber1,  1  um'bar;  2  um'ber,  n.  A  chestnut=brown  to 
li ver=brown  hydrated  ferric  oxid,  used  as  a  pigment ;  also, 
the  color.  When  in  its  natural  state  it  is  known  as  raw 
umber,  and  when  heated,  so  as  to  produce  a  reddish 
brown,  as  burnt  umber.  [<  It.F  ombra,  shade.] 
um'ber2,  re.    1.  Some  indefinite  dark  color;  hence,  shade.    2. 

The  umbrette.    3.  The  grayling.     [<  L,.F  umbra,  shade.] 
um"bi-li'cus,  1  um"bi-lai'kus  or  um-bil'i-kus;  2  um"bi-H'- 
cus  or  um-bil'i-cus,  n.     1.  .4reaZ.  The  navel.    2.  Some  simi- 
lar depression,  as  on  a  plant  or  sea»shell.    [L.,  navel.] — um- 
bil'ic.   I.  a.    Umbilical.    II.  re.    The  umbilicus.— um-bil'- 
i-cal,  a.    1.  Pertaining  to  or  situated  near  the  umbilicus; 
hence,  central.     2.  Descended  through    the  female  line. — 
umbilical  cord  (Anal.),  the  rope=like  structure  connecting 
the  fetus  with  the  placenta. 
um'blest,  re.  pi.    The  entrails  of  a  deer;  humbles. 
um'bo,  1  um'bo;  2  um'bo,  re.     [um-bo'nes,  1  -bo'nlz;  2  -bo'- 
ne§,  or  um'bos2,  pi.]    1.  The  boss,  knob,  or  projecting  spike 
in  the  center  of  a  shield.     2.  An  elevation,  boss,  or  knob.    [L.] 
um'bra,  1  um'bra;  2  tim'bra,  re.     [-br«,  pl.\  Astron.  1. 
That  region  of  a  shadow  from  which  the  light  is  entirely 
cut  off;  specif.,  that  part  of  the  shadow  of  the  earth  or 
moon  within  which  the  sun  is  entirely  hidden,  as  in  an 
eclipse.     See  penumbra.     2.  The  inner  dark  portion  of 
a  sun=spot.    [L.,  shadow.] 
um'brage,  1  um'bnj;  2  u.m'brag,  re.    1.  Resentment,  as 
at  being  obscured  by  another;  a  sense  of  injury.    2.  The 
act  of  giving  shade;  hence,  shadow;  shade.     [<  F.  om- 
brage,  <  L.  umbraticus,  shady,  <  umbra,  shade]    Syn.:  see 
offense;  pique. — um-bra'geous,  a.    1.  Shady.    2t. Quick 
to  take  offense;  peevish.    3t.  Obscure,    -ly,  adv.   -ness,  re. 
um-brel'la,  1  um-brel'a;  2  um-brel'a,  n.    A  light  portable 
canopy   on  a  folding   frame,   carried  as  a  protection 
against  sun  or  rain.     [  <  It.  ombrella,  dim.  of  ombra, 
shade.] — um-brel'la=tree",  re.     A  small  magnolia  of  the 
southern  United  States,  with  long  oval  leaves  crowded  in 
an  umbrella=like  whorl  at  the  ends  of  the  branches. 
um-brette',  1  um-bret';  2  um-bret'.  re.    A  dusky  brown  Afri- 
can heron-like  bird.    [<  F.  ombrette,  dim.  of  ombre,  shade.) 
Um'bri-a,  1   um'bn-a;  2  um'bri-a,  re.     A  central  region  of 
ancient  Italy,  between  the  Tiber  and  the  Adriatic  sea. — 
Um'brl-an,  a.  &  re. — Umbrlan  school  of  painting,  the 
school  of  Italian  painting  headed  by  Raflael. 
Ulll'laut,  1  um'laut;  2  Um'lout,  re.     A  change  of  a  vowel 

followed  by  o,  i,  or  w  to  a  sound  more  like  that  of  the  fol- 
lowing vowel,  as  in  German,  Scandinavian,  and  Anglo- 
Saxon;  also,  the  dots  (  ")  placed  over  a  letter,  indicating 
this  change.    [  <  G.  um,  about,  +  laut,  sound.] 
um'pire,  1  rrmpair:  2  am'plr.    I.  vt.  iV  vi.    [um'pired; 

Um'pik-INO.]  To  decide  or  act  as  umpire.  II.  n .  A 
person  chosen  to  decide  a  disputed  question  or  I"  en- 
force   the   rules  of  a  game  and   settle  disputed    points. 

[<  OF.  nonper,  unequal,  •  nen,  not,  t  per,  equal.]  Syn.: 
see  JUDGE,     uni'plr-age,  ».    tun 'plrc-shlpj. 

um  'qtilillc,  l  um'nwall;  2  Qm'hwll,  a.  &  adv.  [Scot.]  For- 
mer; formerly,     um'wlillct. 

tin-1,  prefix,  Not:  used  to  express  negation,  Incompleteness, 
or  opposition.    [>    as,  ««-,       \..tn-,      Gr.  an-,  a-,  not.] 

un-2,  prefix.  Hack:  used  t<>  express  the  reversal  ol  the  action 
of  the  verb    |      AS  un  ,on  ,ona  ,an  ,and  ,  back.] 

The  following  list    contains  some  of  the  more  noticeable 
of    the    many    self-explaining    words    beginning    with    mi- 

(either  ««-'  or  un-»).    (l>  in  the  verbs  in  the  list,  »»   jlvi 
the  sense  of  reversal  (sec  UN-'  above);  as.  unchain,  "to  loose 


mi-  irt;  fat.  <kr*;  im 

utiluirili  :i  i       •  i  •-.  ik*i.  »bat.  «%.!  I . 


hit.  poll         I .V:  full,  rnl,-:   Lot.  liOm: 

prty,  lOrn.  htt, Too;   I    ■  o;  1  -  6;  go,  n6t,  or,  »On. 


s:\i 


un'di 

un'en  t  im*.-*!- 

un 

un 

in  vl t'lng 

«   (write 

un'di 

iin  in\  led 

niai 

un 

lolnt'ed 

nn 

'Till     111 

llll    .11     • 

!     1    llfll 

il(i        IMy 

uu'.l. 

1111   fll'V  \     II1K 

un  ground'ed 
1] 

nn 

|iiVll-ll"a- 

kepf 

line,  -ly 

iin.i. 

un-ar'rUig,  -ly 

un 
un 

irili-il  " 

klng/ly 

..  a  prrfl 

n.ii'r.i 

un  bai'lovi 

un 

knollod' 

,    .'Mill's 

un'di 

•  ul lal 

un  bal'lowed 

un 

i  nlgbt'l) 

■ 

.  .ueral. 

un'di 

mi  I. .iii.I    ..in,- 

un 

origin      Pronuncla- 
d  found 

u          [noi 
un*de-*lgn  ed- 

1      ll.hf.l 
llll'f\  Mln'llif. 

un  band'} 

un 
1 

l,ii,,u  'a 

• 

un'dc 

HUM- 

llli-f\  I 

un-cx'i 

un  bard'oned 
un-harmed' 

llll 

know  'ini:. 

h 

un'a 

uti'a-vall'a- 

UIKlti 

uii-ron'ini- 

1.111  1  V 

llll'f\    1 

un-barm'lns 

un 

la'bored 

un'a  ' 

-l\  .    -rnws 

dlct'cd,  -i> 

un'di 

ed          [tanl 

un'har-mo'nl- 

un 

lade' 

iin-i-on'lrUc 

Li.. . 

un'ei  p 

oua,   -ly. 

un 

ia  ment'ed 

Utl'.v 

UllVnll- 

mi'ili'-slr'a- 

un'ex-pcct'ed, 

-iii-.^i 

in, 

latoh' 

trolled' 

l.ly 

■ly, 

uii-liar'iicss 

un 

lea  tif 

un'a. 

Ullt- 

un'con-trol'- 

un'di 

un'ex  pf'ri- 

nn  h.  alth'ful, 

un 

i,:i\  'ened 

led  h 

uiiMi'-vi  r- 

eneed 

-ly,    -ni's.M 

un 

let'tered 

un'ac-q,ualnl'- 

un-olad' 

un-oon 

0|H'.l 

un'es-plored' 

un-nealtn'1-ly, 

un 

«M 

lv 

un-elaap' 

Yirt'ed.   -ly 

un-di 

un'ez-pree'- 

-neaa 

un 

llm'ber 

un-claa 

un-con'ln>- 

Iiik.  -ly 

un-lifallli'y 

llll 

llln'll-fil 

un'a.'. 

un'a-u 

un-claa 

VlTI'l-lllll- 

un'dl-gest'ed 

an*ex-tln'- 

un-heed'ful, 

un 

link' 

|bl 

UIl-1'IMi 

iiii'ill-iiiin'- 

gulsh-a-bl(e 

-ly 

un 

un's''. 

un-i-lonrb' 

viTt'l-tily 

tahed 

iin'f  \-tin'- 

nn  beed'lng 

un 

llvi-'lv 

un'a.' 

un-eloak' 

un-eon'ver- 

un'ills-i'iTiii'd 

EUlshed 

un-helped' 

un 

loved' 

un'ad-  ■ 

:   in-clog" 

sant 

un'dls-ccrii'- 

un-fad'lng, 

Illl-llflp'fUl, 

llll 

lllVf'll-IU'SM 

un-bar' 

un-clogncd' 

UIl'icUl- 

i-d-ly 

-ly.  -iifsn 

-ly 

un 

lovely 

un'aK-ewe'- 

un-oear'a-bl(e  un-cloae' 

vlnird' 

un'ills-crrn'- 

im-fail'iiik' 

un-bes'l-tat'- 

un 

maid'en-ly 

UD-a. 

untw-Un  iiu; 

un-elotlMr 

iin'cun-vlnc'- 

l-[or  -a-1- 

un-fallli' 

Ini,-.  -ly 

un 

inal'li'-a- 

un'al-low'a- 

un'tw 

un-cloud' 

IllK 

i.i it-.  -neaB 

un-fall'f  n 

un-newn' 

■Kf       [bl(e 

un'be-aeem'- 

on-cloud'ed, 

an"oor-recfed 

un'dls-i'irii'- 

un-fal'ter-lng 

un-hln'dered 

un 

man'age-a- 

un'al 

lug 

un'ciir-nipl' 

K« 

un'fa-mll'lar 

Illi-Iin'inii-K'c'- 

un 

man'U-nesa 

un-ai 

un'tx'-Mfin'- 

un-cof'nned 

un'inr-riipt'- 

un'di 

un-fa.sh'loii-a- 

11,'  nils,    -ly. 

un 

nian'ly 

lllg-ly 

un-ool'ored 

cd.  -neaa 

un,-.  -ly 

bl(e 

un 

maii'iif  r-li- 

un-it'.  ' 

UXfbe-vraUed' 

un-oombed' 

un'cor-rupt'ly 

un'di 

iin-f.i.sli'loned 

un-hon'orod 

neaa 

UJI-.i     ' 

un-in'.. 

Un'OOm-bln'a- 

iiii'ccir-rupt'- 

a-bl(f 

llli-fa.sl'cii 

nn-liniLscd' 

un 

man'ner-ly 

un'a.': 

on-old'den 

bl(e        tbb 

urrills-rov'iT- 

un-fatli'om-a- 

un-liu'inan. 

un 

marked' 

ous        (can 

un-blt'Uil 

un'roin-bln'a- 

ir'lc- 

a-iiiy     [ered    bl(e 

-ly 

un 

marred' 

un'-A-mer'l- 

un-li!:i' 

un*com-blned 

ous.    -ly. 

111!  'lll^-1'OV'- 

un-fath'omed 

un-hu'man-lzc 

un 

niar'rifil 

un-a'mi-a-blu 

•     -neas 

un-rmiie'ly 

-n.  as 

un'dls-guJaed' 

un-fed' 

un-nung' 

un 

matched' 

un-ai. 

un-bla 

ua*oon> 

un-court'll- 

un'dlB-guls'- 

un-telgned' 

iiii-hurl/ 

un 

nifa'sur-a- 

mand'ed 

Deaa 

ed-b 

un-ff  Ign'ed-ly 

un-ny'gl-en'ia 

bl(e 

un'an-nealed' 

uii-t'himed' 

un'com-mis'- 

un-court'ly 

un'dis-mayed 

un-felgn'ed- 

Uirim-ai;'i-ii:i 

un 

mcn'sured 

un-at. 

uti-blrni'lshed 

Btoned 

un-cre<rii-i<l 

un'dls-put'ed, 

ncss 

bl(e,  -news 

un 

meet',  a. 

un-blcsscd' 

un'fnra-mu'- 

un-cul'tl-vat*- 

-ly 

un-ffir 

un"lm-ag'l-na- 

un 

me  in'iii- 

un-an'swer-a- 

un-bleBf 

III-'     : 

C(l.     -Ill^vS 

un'dta-solved' 

iin-ffiiced' 

bly 

oua 

bly 

un-boasftul 

-Ill^S 

im-rurli' 

un'dls-solv'- 

un-ffr'tll-lzed. 

un'lm-ag'1-na- 

un 

-inen'tlon- 

un-ai 

un-bor 

un'com-pan'- 

un-curb'a-bl(e 

Ing 

un-fer'til-laed; 

tlv(e 

a-bil'1-ty 

un'ap- palled' 

un- bought' 

lon-a-bl(e 

un-curbed' 

un'dis-tln'- 

uii-ffl'ifr 

un'lm 

un 

-men'tlon- 

un'ap-pre'cl- 

un-bound' 

un'com- 

un-curl' 

gulsh-a-bl(e 

un-lll'ial 

un'lm-pa.s'- 

a-bl(e.  -ness 

un-bound'a- 

plain'lng 

un-curled' 

un'dls-tln'- 

un-nlled' 

aloned 

un 

men'tlon- 

un'ap- 

un-com'plai- 

un-daru 

gulshed 

un-fln'lshed 

uiriin-por'- 

a- bl 

proach'a- 

un-bound'ed 

aant* 

un-dafed 

un"dls-tln'- 

un-flrm't 

tant 

un 

men'tloned 

un- bowed' 

un-com'plal- 

un*de-cayed' 

gulsh-lng 

un-flxed' 

uirim-proved 

un 

Iin-r'H  -i«l 

un'ap- 

un-l>rald' 

sant'ly 

un'de-cay'lng 

un'di.s-traf  t'- 

un-llx'ed-ness 

un'ln-au'gu- 

un 

mln'gle 

proach'a- 

un-break'a- 

un-com'pU- 

un'de-crpher- 

ed,  -ly. 

un-flag'«iiiK 

rat'ed 

un 

mlt'l-ga- 

bly 

bl(e        [bl( 

b     mcn'ta-ry 

-ness 

un-nedged' 

un"ln-cum'- 

il(e          [ed 

un'ap- 

un-breath'a- 

un'com- 

un'de-cl'pher- 

un'dls-turbed 

un-fofled' 

bered 

un 

-mll'l-gat"- 

proached' 

un-bred' 

pound'ed 

a-bly 

un'dls-turb'- 

un'for-bld'dcn 

un'ln-flam'- 

un 

•mlxcd' 

un-art'ful 

un-breech' 

un' con- 

un"de-ci'- 

fd-ly 

un-forced' 

ina-bl(e 

un 

mlxf 

un'a-Hhamed' 

un-breeched' 

demned' 

ptaered 

un'dls-turb'- 

iin-forc'ed-Iy 

viirin-formed' 

un 

'mo-lest'ed 

un-aaked' 

un-brl'dlf- 

un'con- fined' 

un'de-clln'a- 

ed-ness 

un'for-glv'en 

un'ln-Irlnged' 

un 

•mold' 

un-as'pl-rat'- 

HD-brfdlad 

un'con-fln'ed- 

bl(e 

un'dl-vld'ed 

un'for-glv'lng 

un'ln-hab'lt- 

un 

•moor' 

ed                 un-broke"! 
un'aa-plr'ing    un-t.- 
un'as-salTa-     un-broth'er-ly 

bl(e        [bly  un-buck'le 
un'aa-eall'a-     un-bur'led 
un'as-salled'     un-bus'l-ness- 
un'aa-slgned'        like 
un'aa-aoU'zled  un-cage' 
un'as-sumed'    un-cal'cu-lat"- 

iy 

un' con- 
firmed' 

un'con-form"- 
a-bil'l-ty 

un'con-form'- 
a-bl(e,  -neas 

nn'oon-form'- 

a-bly      [t-t> 

un'ilf-faced' 
un'de-fac'ed- 

neas 
un'de-fend'ed 

Died' 
uirilc-fln'a- 

bl(e 
un'de-flned' 
un'de-formed' 

un-du'tl-ful 

un-du'tl-ful-ly 

un-du'tl-ful- 

ness 
un-dy'lrm 
un-earned' 
un-eafen 
un-fd'u-cat'et 

un-for'il-iifil 
iin'lra-ter'nal 
un-frf'tjuent 
un'fre-Kiuent'- 
ed           [ly 
un-frc'quent- 
un-fro'zen 
un-frult'ful, 

a-bl(c      [ed 
uii'ln-liab'It- 
un-ln'Juri'd 
uu'lii-splred' 
un'ln-aplr'mg 
un'ln-etruc'- 

tlv(o      [bl(e 
nirin-siir'a- 

un 

un 

un 
un 

nn 
un 

un 

un 

mor'al 
mourned' 

moved' 
mown' 

mu'sl-cal 
■muz'zle 

named' 
•nav'l-ga- 

un'at-taln'a- 

ed           [lug 

un'con-form'- 

un"de-mon'- 

iin"fm-bar'- 

-ly,  -neas 

un*m-eiired' 

bite 

un-cal'iMj-laf- 

un' con-gear 

'nl(e 

Un'flll-llllrrl' 

iin-ln"t^;l-lec'- 

un 

nelgn'bor- 

un'at-talnt'e*! 

un-can'dld 

un'con-ge'rilal 

non'- 

un-vrnp'tled 

uii-fur'nislifil 

tn-al 

un 

no'tlced 

un'al-tempt'- 

un-can'did-ly 

un"'on-ge'nl- 

-tily 

un'en-cum'- 

un-fur'niuiil 

un'ln-tel'll- 

un 

num'bered 

ed 

un'ca-non'l- 

al'l-ty 

uirdi-mon'- 

bered 

un-galti'i-ncl 

i;<'nt 

un 

•nur'tured 

un'a'- 

cal.   -ly. 

un'con-ge/- 

stra-tlv(e 

un'en-<leared' 

un-gen'cr-mis, 

un'ln-tcril- 

un 

'ob-Jec'- 

un'at-uact'e* 

-ness 

nial-ly 

un'df-nra- 

un'en-dowed' 

-ly           l-ly 

gl-bll'l-ty 

tlon-a-oue 

un'at-trac'- 

un'ca-non'lcj 

an'con-necf- 

1,1  u- 

un'en-dur'a- 

un'gen-teel', 

un'ln-tel'li-gl- 

un 

'ol>-8cureu 

un-cap/ 

'-■I 

uri'ili-plon-d' 

bl(e 

un-gen'tle 

bl(e. 

un 

ob-ser'- 

un'aus-pl'- 

un-ca'pa-blet 

■  -necf- 

un*de-praved' 

nn'en-sased' 

un-gen'tly 

un"ln-tel'll-gl- 

vant 

qd-cv'di  t-ed 

un-con'quer- 

un'dc-rlved' 

00*60 

■iif- 

bly 

un 

'ob-serv- 

un"au-then'tlc  un-caught' 

-ness  un'de-rlv'ed- 

un-En'Rllsh 

iiian-ly 

un"lii-ten'- 

un 

"ob-struct'- 

un'au-tben'tl- 

un-coir'qoer- 

ness 

un'en-llglit'- 

un-glrd' 

tlon-al 

ed          isivcc 

cal 

un-change'a- 

a-bly 

un-der'o-gat'- 

ened 

iin-i/lrd'ed 

un-ln'ter-est- 

un 

'ob-tru'- 

uirau-then'U- 

un-eon'so- 

lng 

un'en-li'venec 

un-glazed' 

cd           [lng 

un-oc'cu  pled 

cat'ed 

un-ch. 

nant 

un'de-rog'a- 

un'en-rlclied' 

un-ln'ter-est- 

un 

(I'pnniil 

un-a'. 

un-ch.i 

un-con'stant 

to-ry 

un-en'ter- 

un-ln'ter-est- 

un 

'or-dalned' 

had 

luxhanK'Ing- 

un'con- 

un'de-flcribefj' 

prls'lng 

un-got'ten 

lng-ly 

un-or'tno-dox 

un-au'tbor- 

8011160? 

un'de-Acrled' 

un'en- 

mi-gracc'ful, 

un-ln"ter- 

un 

-ortho- 

iscd; 

un-cbary 

un'con-teat'w 

un'de-servcd' 

thralled' 

-ly 

rupt'cd 

il,,x"v 

1: a  =  final;    l  =  hablt;    aisle;    Ml  =  out;    oil;    Ifl  =  feud;    CTlin;    go;    Opsins;    Chin,    this.  Un- 

833     2:  wolf,  dj>;   book,    boot;   full,    rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this,     unburden 


un-os"ten-ta'- 

tious,  -ly, 

-ness 
un-pack' 
un-pack'er 
un-pain'ful 
un-pal'a-ta- 

bl(e       [bly 
un-pal'a-ta- 
un-par'don-a- 

bl(e,   -ness 
un-par'don-a- 

bly 
un-paved' 
un-pen' 
un-pen'sioned 
un-peo'pled 
un"per-ceived' 
un"  per- 
formed' 
un'per- 

turbed' 
un-phil"o- 

soph'ic.  -i- 

cal,  -i-cal-ly 
un-pin' 
un-pit'y-ing 
un-placed' 
un-plant'ed 
un-pleas'ing 
un-pli'a-bl(e 
un-pli'ant 
un'po-et'ie, 

-i-cal 
un-point'ed 
un-pol'ished 
un"pol-lut'ed 
un-prac'ti-cal 
un"pre-med'i- 

taf'ed 
un"  pre-pared' 
un-pre"pos- 

sess'ing 
un'pre-sent'a- 

bl(e 
un"pre-tend'- 

ing,  -ly 
un"pre-vent'- 

ed 
un-prof'it-a- 

bl(e        [ing 
un-prom'is- 
un"pro- 

nounce'a- 

bl(e 
un'pro-pl'- 

tious,  -ly 
un-pros'per- 

ous 
un"pro-tect'ed 
un-proved' 
un-prov'ed- 

-ness 
un"pro-vid'ed 
un"pro-voked' 
im-pub'lished 
un-pun'ished 
un-pur'chas-a- 

bl(e 
un-purged' 
un-quench'a- 

bl(e 
un-ra'zored 
un're-cip'ro- 

cat"ed 
uu-rec'og- 

niz"a-[ur 

nis"a-]bl(e 
un-rec'on- 

clled 
un"re-cord'ed 
un're-nect'lng 
un're-formed' 
un"re-form'- 

ed-ness 
un"re-freshed 
un"re-fresh'- 

ing 
un"re-gard'ed 
un-reg'u-lat"- 

ed 
un"re-lat'ed 
un"re-lent'lng 

un-a'bllc1',  a. 


un-tam(e'a- 

bl(e 
un-tamed' 
un-tan'gle 
un-tan'gled 
un-tast'ed 
un-taught' 
un-taxed' 
un-teach' 
un-tem'pered 
un-shrink'ing,  un-ten'a-bl(e 
un-ten'ant-ed 
un-tend'ed 
un-thread' 
un-thrift', 

-i-ly   [ness 
un-thrift'i- 
un-thrilt'y 


un"re-lent'ing-  un-shak'en 

ly  [1-ty  un-shamed' 

un"re-Il"a-bir-  un-shap'en 
un"re-li'a-bl(e.  un-shared' 

-ness     [bl(e  un-shaved' 
un're-liev'a-     un-shav'en 
un"re-lieved'     un-sheath(e' 
im-rem'e-dled  un-shel'tered 
un"re-mem'-     un-shod' 

bered  un-shorn' 

un"re-mit'- 

ting,  -ly  -ly 

un"re-mu'ner-  un-shrlv'en 

a-tiv(e  un-sift'ed 

un're-pealed'    un-skil'ful 
un"re-pen'-        un-skilled' 

tant  un-slacked' 

un're-pent'ed   un-slum'ber- 
un're-pin'ing        Ing  [ty  un-throne' 

un-rep"re-         un"so-cia-bil'i-  un-tilled' 

sent'ed  un-so'cia-bl(e   un-tinged' 

un're-prieved'  im-so'cia-bl  (e-  un-tir'ing 
un"re-prov'a-       ness  im-tl'tled 

bl(e  un-so'cia-bly    un-touched' 

un"re-proved'  un-so'cial,  -ly  un-tract'a- 
un"re-slst'ed     un-sold'  bl(e 

un"re-sist'ing    un-sol'der  un-trained' 

un"re-sist'ing-  un-sol'dler-       un-tram'- 

-ly  like"  mel(l)ed 

un"re-solved'    un-sol'dier-ly    un"trans-fer'- 
im-rest'ing,  -ly  un"so-lic'it-ed       a-bl(e 
un"re-  un-solved'         un"  trans- 

strained'        un-sort'ed  ferred' 

un"re-strict'ed  un-sought'         un"trans-lat'- 
un"re-tract'ed  un-speak'  a-bl(e 

un"re-vealed'    un-spec'i-fied    un-tried' 
un"re-venged'  un-spir'i-tu-al  un-troub'led 
un're-ward'ed  un-spir"i-tu-     un-trust'1-ness 
un-rigged'  al'i-ty  un-trust'y 

un-robe'  un-spir'i-tu-      un-turned' 

un"ro-man'tic      al-ly  un-twlne' 

un-spir'i-tu-      un-  twist' 

al-ness  un-u'til-ized 

un-spoiled'        un-u'til-isedj 
un-spoilt'  un-vail' 

un-spo'ken       un-van'- 
un-sports'-  qulshed 

man-like        un-va'ried 


un-root' 

un-rough' 

un-ruf'fled 

un-ruled' 

un-sad'dle 

un-sad'dled 

un-safe',  -ly, 

-ness 
un-said' 
un-sal(e"a- 

bil'i-ty 
un-sal(e'a- 

bl(e.  -ness 
un-sal'a-ried 
un-salt'ed 


un-sprin'kled    un-var'nished 
un-stained'        un-va'ry-ing, 


un-states'- 
man-like 

un-stead'i-ly 

un-stead'i- 
ness 

un-stead'y 


un-san'i-ta-ry   un-stint'ed 

un-sat"is-fac'-  un-strained 

to-ry 


un-sat'is-fled 
un-say' 
un-say'a-bl(e 
un-scab'bard- 

ed 
un-scanned' 
un-scarred' 
un-scathed' 
un-schol'ar- 

like" 


-ly  [ed 

un-ven'ti-lat"- 
un-versed' 
un-vexed' 
un-vext' 
un-vis'it-ed 
un- voiced' 
un-walled' 
un-war'like 
un-warm(e)d' 
un-warned' 
un-washed' 
un-wast'ed 


un"sub-stan' 

tial,  -ly, 

-ness 
un"sub-stan" 

ti-al'i-ty 
un"sub-stan'-    un-wast'ing 

ti-at"ed  un-watched' 

un"suc-cess'ful  un-wa'ver-ing, 
un-8uit'a-bl(e,       -ly  [-ly 


-ness  un-wea'ried, 

un-suit'a-bly    un-weave' 
un-schorar-ly  un-sul'lled        un-wed' 
un-scliooled'     un-sunned'        un-wed'ded 
un-sci"en-tif'ic  un"sup-port'-    un-wel'come 
un-scratched'       ed        [ed-ly  un-whipped' 
un-screw'  un"sup-port'-    un-wlilpt' 

un-scrip'tur-al  un'sur-passed' un-wlf  e'like 
un-sea'wor"-     un"sus-cept'i-  un-wlfe'ly 

thl-ne&s  bl(e  un-wlnd' 

un-sea'wor"-     un"sus-talned'  un-wlnk'ing 

thy  un-swayed'       un-wlshed' 

un-sec'ond-ed  un-sworn'  un-wltli'crcd 

un"sec-ta'rl-     un*sym-met'-  un-wlth'er-ing 
an  (ness     rlc,  -rl-cal    un-wlt.'nessed 

un-sym'pa-       un-wo'man- 
thet'lc,    -i-         like 
cal,  -i-cal-ly  un-wo'man-ly 
un-sys"tcm-      un-work'man- 
at'lc,  -i-cal, 
-I-cal-ly 
un-sys'tem-a- 

tlzed 
un-sys'tem-a- 

tiscdt 
un-talnt'ed 


un-Bcem'll- 

1111    :.('<  -II  i'I  \ 

un-self'lsh, 

-ness 
un-ser'vlcc-a- 

bl(e 
un-ser'vlee- 

a-bly 
un-set'tled 
un-shack'lc 
un-shaked't 
Not  able;  incomj"'  '•"* 

For  words  In  un-  not  given 


like 

un-worn' 

un-wound' 

un-wrap' 

un-wreuth(e' 

un-yleld'lng 

un-yoked' 


un"ac-com'mo-dat"ing,  a.  Not  disposed  to  accom- 
modate; unobliging. — un"ac-coni'mo-dat"ed,  pa.    1. 

Not  made  suitable.    2.  Ul=adapted. 

un"ac-coiii'plished,  a.  1.  Having  fallen  short  of  ac- 
complishment.   2.  Lacking  accomplishments. 

un"ac-count'a-bl(ep,  a.  Impossible  to  be  accounted 
for;  extraordinary.  —  un"ac-count'a-bl(e-nessp,  n. — 
un"ac-oount'a-bly,  adv.  [-ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

un"af-fect'edl,   a.      Not  showing  affectation;   natural. 

un"af-fect'ed2,  a.     Not  influenced.     Syn.:  see  simple. 

un"al-loyed',  1  un"a-leid';  2  un"a-16yd',  a.  Free  from 
alloy  or  admixture;  pure;  absolute. 

un"a-neled'||,  1  un"a-nild';  2  un"a-neld',  a.  Not  having  re- 
ceived extreme  unction.  [<  un-1  +  AS.  an,  on,  +  ele,  oil.] 
un"an-ealed't. 

u-nan'i-mous,  1  yu-nan'i-mus;  2  yu-n&n'i-mus,  a. 
Agreeing  without  dissent,  or  expressing  such  agreement; 
harmonious.  [  <  L.  unus,  one,  +  animus,  mind.] — 
u"na-nim'l-ty,  n.  The  state  of  being  unanimous;  com- 
plete agreement  in  opinion  or  action.  Syn.:  see  harmony. — 
u-nan'i-mous-ly,  adv.  —  u-nan'i-mous-ness,  n. 

un-apt',  1  un-apt';  2  tin-apt',  a.  1.  Not  likely  or  inclined. 
2.  Not  suitable.— un-apt 'ly,  adv.— un-apt'ness,  n. 

un-armed', )  1  un-5rmd';  2  un-armd',  a.    1.  Not  armed; 

un-armd'8,  (  defenseless.  2.  Zool.  &  Bot.  Having  no 
sharp,  hard  projections,  as  spines,  prickles,  plates,  etc. 

un"as-sum'ing,  a.    Unpretentious;  modest. 

un"at-tached',  a.    Not  attached.    Specifically:  (1)  Law. 
Not   seized   for  debt.      (2)  Mil.    Not 
assigned  to  a  regiment  or  company ;  on 
half  pay. 

U-nau',  1  yu-n§'  or  u-nau';  2  yu-na'  or 
U-nou',  n.  The  common  two«toed  sloth  of 
Brazil.    [S.  Am.] 

un"a-void'a-bl(eP,  a.  1.  That  cannot 
be  avoided;  inevitable.  2.  That  can 
not  be  made  null  and  void.  un"a- 
void'edt.    Syn.:  see  necessary. 

un"a-ware',  a.  1.  Giving  no  heed;  not 
cognizant.  2.  Unmindful;  heedless. — 
un"a-wares',  adv.  1.  Unexpectedly. 
2.  Without  premeditation;  unwittingly. 

un-backed',  1  un-bakt';  2  Qn-bakt',  pa. 
1.  Never  having  borne  a  rider,  as  a 
horse;  unbroken.  2.  Left  without 
backers;  unsupported.  3.  Without  a 
back,  as  a  stool. 

un-bal'anced,  o.     1.  Not  in  a  state  of 
equilibrium.     2.  In  bookkeeping,    not 
adjusted  so  as  to  balance.     3.  Lacking  Unau   and   Its 
mental  balance;  unsound.  Young.     V27 

un-barbed't,  a.    Untrimmed;  unbarbered. 

un-bat'cd  |,  «      1.  Not  blunted,  as  a  foil.     2.  Unabated. 

un-bear',  1  un-bar';  2  un-bar',  vl.  To  free  from  the  presoure 
of  the  check=rein,  as  a  horse. 

un"be-com'ing,  a.  Not  becoming;  unsuitable;  im- 
proper,   -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

un"be-known',  a.  [Prov.  or  Obs.]  Unknown;  especially, 
doing  something  without  the  knowledge  of  another. 

un"bc-lief ',  n.  1.  Absence  of  positive  belief;  incredulity, 
especially  regarding  revelation.  2.  A  refusal  to  believe; 
disbelief,  as  in  religion.  3.  In  Scriptural  use,  lack  of 
faith  in  God's  promises.  Syn.:  see  DOUBT.— Un"be-Hev'er, 
n.     1.  One  who  withholds  belief.     2.  One  who  has  no  religious 

faith.    Syn.:  see  skeptic.— un"be-lle?'lng,  pa. 

un-bend',  vt.  &  vi.  [un-bent'  or  un-bend'ed1';  un-bend'- 
ing.]  1.  To  straighten  after  having  been  bent.  2.  To 
free  from  tension  or  strain;  be  affable  or  genial.  3. 
Naut.  To  detach,  as  a  sail  from  a  yard.  Syn.:  see  relax; 
rest.— un-bend  'Ing-ly,  adv.— un- bend InK-ness,  n, 

un-bind',  vt.  1.  To  Let  loose;  loosen.  2.  To  remove,  as 
something  that  binds.     Syn.:  see  release. 

un-blenrhed 't,  «.     Not  dismayed  or  confounded. 

un-bod'ied,  a.  1.  Having  no  body;  immaterial.  2.  Dis- 
embodied, [unbolted  Hour. 

Iin-bolt'ed',  a.     Not  separated  by  boiling;  nol  silled;  as, 

llii-bolt'od-,  a.  Not  fastened  by  bolls;  not  bolted.— 
un-bolt',  vt.  [ing  from  (the  head);  uncover. 

lin-boii'nel'1,  vt.  &  ri.    To  remove  the  bonnet  or  other  oover- 

un-bom',  a.  1.  Not  yet  born.  2.  Being  one  of  a  future 
generation. 

un-bo'soiii,  vt.  &  vi.  To  free  one's  bosom  of;  honce,  to 
confess;  open  t  he  heart. 

tin-brace's  v.  I.  (.  To  release  from  the  pressure  ol  a 
brace;  free  from  tension;  loose.  II.  i,  To  become  pabbj 

un-breatbed',  1  un-brlmd';  2  tin-brethd',  a.  1.  Not 
breathed;  hence,  not  communicated     -.*l.l  aexercised, 

un-bur'den,  vt.    L  To  n  imo^  e,  as  a  burden;  unload.    '.'• 
To  free  from  a  bunl.-n;  relieve,     un-bur'tlieii;. 
above  see  un-,  prefix,  page  832. 


mi.  illi-.l         1   u  x      I  pKhr;  Mi.  i»..li.-.-.   D  "    •  «i.  «'.r;  (nil.  rftl,':  I. ui,  I.Orn; 

underwrite  3:  art,  a        .  ..  »     »        •  ■        hi       '     ■     '     •  .»■<>. 'i<v.  or,  « on,  s: 


,m.  .1  . 


mi.  .»ll.  .1    l..r. 


II 


mi-.  .  r    .  -in.,   ill-. ui- 
ii  ii -i  i  r  Lain,         i 


ui- 

..Hi  fr>>! 
iik'  til"'  hat. 


iablo; 

III)  |>r.  .Inli  .1 
u\  iction 
'   precise 

\  \..i  i 

un-.  cf   l.iln-l> . 

IIII-.'.T    t.llll-ll.  Ml     . 

>OI  nr 
ii  it-. ,  -  tant-lyt, 

I.  Onpro- 
i.  ■■     dangerous 

mil, .a. I      ?.    In  refrain  (ruin  at 
nil  tilt 

mi-,  h.ir  i-i.i-iii  i  Manifesting  lack  of  charity;  oen- 

-ik->.  mi-.  Ii.ir  i-l.i-l.l\  . 

mi-,  hrl-  1 1  ui.  1.   I  nbeooming  t.>  :i  Christian      2. 

KJuially.  unoharita- 
t.  ■  'nristian;  pagan. 

mi-.  Inir.  ii    .         1.  .     exoommunical       '.'•  I   >  deny  the 

■  .t:i.  ni-  and  order  of,  aa  :i  sect. 
mi  .i.il.  thai,  a     Pertaining  to  or  consist- 


3.  \ 

- 
ii  ii-.-.  r   I  tln-l) . 

I 

mi in    . 

nil-.  Ii  III.      v  . 

mi-.  aargl    .  I 


1  •  G  NCOY  K  AUYTUiM  OMUUXVJ 

eTCONLoqueB\NTGll 


•  the  6th  i  tentory,  from 

tandrinut.     2.  I. nun  Uncial  Let- 

<r  "  '»      t.  texAmlaHniu. 

ay,  and  resembling    modern  capitals 
but  I.     [  <  I.,  uncialia,    <  uncia,  inch  or 

mi  .  i.il,  'i.    1.  An  undal  letter.    2.  An  uncia] 
manut 

mi.  'i-n.iir.  .  -net;  2  On'ci-ii.r  A  or  bent  at  the 

-  a  hook.     [<  I.,  unclnatu.t.  <  uncus,  hook.) 
un-iiv'il,   i     Wanting  in  civihty;  diflcourteoue;  ill«bred. 

ii.ini'.iiii        ini-rli  'I  I — I  > ,  •■■;■     -  iin-ch  'I- 

I./..I       -ii-.-.i.        l.  Destitute  of  civilisation:  barbarous. 

Sin  :  Bee  babbaboi  - 

unci  c  .   i    onlcl;  2  on'el.  n.     1.  The  brother  of  one's 

the  husband  <>f  one's  aunt      '!. 

An  elderly  man.     3.  [Slang.]  A  pawnbroker.    {<  F. 

<  I.  o'uncuius,  .ii  grandfather.] 

-inn  I.-.    A  diminutive  suffix  in  words  of  l-atln  origin;  as,  carb- 

unclf.     [<   I.,  -uncaius.  dim.  suffix  ) 
imi-i  I.  .in'.  |         —.In':  2  fin-den',  a.    1.  Not  clean;  foul. 
terised  by  impure  thoughts;  unchaste;  de- 
pra\  :  menially  Impure.     Syn.:  sec  FOUL. — un- 

rlt-anl).  1  tm-klenTi;  2  un-.i.'-n'iy,  a.    1.  Lacking  cleanli- 
ness.   2.  Impure.  —  un-clean'll-ncss,  n.    on-elean'nesst. 
i  n'.i.    Sam.      -   mboUcal   representative   of    the    United 
es   or  of  Its  citizens:   a  playful  allusion  to  U.  S.    See 
BB0IHBB  Jonathan, 
iiii-i  |.« '-.         To  unwind:  undo:  ruin,    un-clue't. 
un'rn,  1  iin'ko:  2  liri  I.".    Strange:  uncouth.  II. 

wonderfully:  very.     [AbbT.  or  i  m  oriii  | 
iin-coliicd '.  :      1.  N'oi  fabricated;  natural.    2.  N'ot  coined, 
mi-,  inn  fori-u-lil  c;,         1.  Causing  uneasiness  or  dis- 

nii-ciiiii'fort-a-bl). 
uii-iiinriniiii.  l  the  usual  order;  remarkable. 

ipkabt;  odd:  bars,     -ly,  adv. 
uii-ioiii pro-mi- 'ing,    a.      Making    no    compromise; 

-l>.  -in--, 

u  hi  .in-,  irn  '.         Absence  of  or  freedom  from  concern  or 
'  -  Synj     see     apathy. — un"con- 

I     r  1 1  •-«  I  '.  -I>  .  -ii.  --. 

iin  "(oii-di  tinn-al,  n     Limited  by  no  conditions 

un 'con-dl'llon-al-ly,  adv. 
nnroii-iirtion.d, -i     i.  Not  restricted;  unconditional. 
'.ot  limited  by  condition 
<>r  t.'  m;  unrelated;  absolute. 

nn-<  on 'm  lon-a-M  »•',  ■  ;      1.  Going  beyond  customary 
or  reasonal  ..  •  rverned  by  -■ 

!.  I.        conscientious. 

-ii.--.  •       mi-,  on  Srlon-a-bl) . 
im-.im'-ii.ui-.       l.  Temporarily  deprived  of  con 
ness.    2.  Not  cognisant :  unaware.    3.  Not  known  or  felt 

-l>.  -NO--. 

iin-.  on'-ii-in  lion-  il  i  violative  of 

,r   fundami  ■  ini-ion"s'i- 

lii"tlnn-ari-t>.  nn-«-on"s||-tu  'tion-al-ly,  adv. 

un 'i  on-trol'la-bl  c  ,    a       B  ol;    ungovern- 


s:«l 


v  ioi  i  -.  i        un".  on-trol  'l.i- 
1,1,  -ii,--    .         mi   .  .ni-lrol    l.i-lill  l-l>  :.      un'Von-Ind'- 

i  •  -  ■•■  > .  [rules;  Informal;  free 

mi   .  xii-iiii  iloii-al.    i      Noi  adherin  ational 

iiiT'cuii-mti  Y.I.        \..i  oonvi  in  .1 ,  in  theolog]  .  Imperii 
oil,  [innumerable 

imi-i  onn  i  .il.         I.  \..i  counted     '.'.  Beyond  oounting; 
imi-i  oii|i  lr.        I.'     I',,  .ii  conned  or  disunite       IL 

I',.  I  i.  ak  I  iiii-nuipliil,  .i 

iin-riiuili '.  l  mi  kntli'.  :_'  Qn  iiitii',  .i      I.  Marked  by 

awkwardness  01    nHHity;  nntlnnHUh;  ungninlj        -.*.    \,.| 

common;  uol  well  known     |  •    AS  une&th,  ■    mi  .is'. 

Q  •  ,      V\\  Ml   Mill.    II  M.IIMlol  r-.    I    , 

1 1 1 1  - 1  .  >  1 1 1 1 1   I  >  ,  Od  llll-i  .mill    Hiss,  ri 

iin-<ii\  Vr,    |  l  mi-kii\ '..r;  2  in   •  I.,'     LTore- 

iin-iin '»t' .  J  move  the  covering  from  '■!•  To  make 
openly  known;  .1'  lost  8.  ail  To  expose  succes- 
sively, a-  Iin.  -  "i  formation.  II.  >'.  To  remove  the  hat, 
:,-  in  :  [existence 

uiT'cri'-alc'1,  1  tm*krl  6t';2un"er6-at',  »<    To  deprive  ol 
iiii"iti--:i( 'eil,  -j      i.  \..i  yel  created  or  brougnl   into 
being,    "i.  Having  independenl  existence;  not  created 
inn' 'linn,   i    "ui.  then;  2  une'shon,  n.     l.  The  acl  ol 
anointing,  a--  «itli  oil.    '.'.   \    ub  I  inoe  used  in  anoint- 
.-  an  unguenl  or  a  salve,    3.  Religious  fervor,    4. 
Divine  grace.    [<  ,  <  L,  uncft'o(n-),  <  un^o, 

anelnl  I  unc'tu-ous,  1  irok'chu-Ior  -iiu-|n.s;  2  fun ■'.■ini- 
\t>r  -to- )us.  a  1.  Having  tin'  characteristics  of  an  unguenl ; 
greasy.  '!■  Characterised  i>y  deep  sympathetic  feeling.  3. 
Characterised  by  affected  emotion.  A.  Being  greasy  to  the 
touch  -Ij,  adv.  -ness.n.  une"tii-os'i-iy§,  n. 
uii-t'iif,  a.     Not  out.    Specifically:  <1>  In  bookbinding, 

having  untrimmed  mark'ins.      (2)   t'nurounil,  as  a  ncin. 

ii n-.iaii ii i  '.-.I.  a      Fearless;  Intrepid.     Syn.:  see  bbavb. 

un-tlaiiiit  'ed-lj  ,  adt      iin-daunt  'e.l-ness,  n. 
iin-dec'a-Ktui,  1  tm-dek'a-gen; 2  lin-d8e/a-{Sn,  n.  Qeom. 

A  figure  that  das  eleven  angli  a  and  eleven  sides.    [  <  L. 

unilicim.  eleven,     ,     I  ingle  ) 

un"(li'-c«'ive', )  it.    To  fro,   from  deception,  as  by  appris- 

uir'de-ceiv'1', )  ing  of  the  truth. 

un"de-<'ld'ed,  a.  1.  Not  having  the  mind  made  up. 
'i.  Not  determined.    Syn.:  see  ihiiesolute.    -ly,  adv. 

uii'dcr,  1  on'der;  2  fin'der.  I.  o.  1.  Situated  below 
something  else;  lower  or  lowermost.  2.  Subordinate;  as, 
an  mull  r  keeper,     3.  Lower  in  pitch.     II.  adv.     In  a 

lower  position  or  inferior  degree;  in  or  into  subjection. 
III.  prt  p.  1.  Beneath,  so  as  to  have  something  directly 
above;  com  r,d  by.  '£.  In  a  place  lower  than.  3.  Be- 
neath tin-  shelter  or  protection  of,  as  a  roof  or  a  tree. 
4.  Beneath  t he  concealment,  k'tiiso,  or  assumption  of; 
as,  iiml,  r  a  false  name.  5.  Less  than,  in  number,  degree, 
amount,  etc.  6.  Subject,  subordinate,  or  subservient  to; 
subject  to  the  instruction,  influence,  control,  operation, 
or  sanction  of;  liable  to.  7.  Being  the  subject  of.  8. 
During  the  period  of;  in  the  rei^n  or  administration  of. 
9.  By  virtue  of ;  authorized,  substantiated,  attested,  or 
warranted  by  10.  In  conformity  to  or  in  accordance 
with.  11.  Planted  <>r  sowed  with.  [<  AS.  under, 
under.]  S.vn.:  see  hk.nkath. — under  a  cloud,  overshad- 
t>y difficulties,  reproach,  or  distrust.  — u.  canvas,  pro- 
pelled by  the  wind:  said  ofa  ship.  — u.  Are,  engaged  In  bat- 
tle: said  of  troops.-  u.  steam,  propelled  by  steam:  said  of  a 
u.  the  rose,  In  secrecy—  u.  the  yoke,  in  subjection; 
conquered,     u.  way.  In  motion,  as  a  ship.     u.  weight. 

un'dcrsarm",  a.  Underhand:  said  of  bowling  delivered  with 
tin-  band  underneath  both  tin-  elbow  and  the  ball. 

nn  "der-bid ',  it.    To  bid  lower  than,  as  in  a  competition. 

un'der-brt'd",  a.  1.  <  >f  impure  breed;  not  thoroughbred. 
3.  I-acklng  In  good  breeding.     Syn.:  see  vulvar. 

un'der-brush",  n.  Small  trees  and  shrubs  growing  be- 
:,  foresMrees;  undergrowth.    un'd«T-bush"j. 

un'der-clothes",  n.  pi.  Clothes  designed  for  underwear, 
or  to  be  worn  next  the  skin.     un'der-tioth"lnKj. 

lin'der-ciir"rcnt,  n.  1.  A  current,  as  of  water  or  air, 
below  another  or  below  the  surface.  2.  Figuratively,  a 
hidden  drift  or  tendency,  as  of  popular  sentiments. 

iin"der-cut'.  l.vt.  1.  To  cut  under,  as  a  mass  of  coal, 
to  facilitate  its  removal.  2.  In  pugilism,  to  strike  (a  per- 
son) a  blow  from  underneath  upward.  II.  a.  1.  Having 
arte  in  relief  cut  under.     2.  Done  by  undercutting. 

un'der-ciit",  «  1.  The  act  or  result  of  cutting  under. 
2.  The  tenderloin.  3.  A  slanting  cut  in  a  sawed  log.  4. 
\  pugilistic  blow  dealt  upward. 

un"der-do',  r.  I.  t.  1.  To  do.  ami  especially  to  cook,  par- 
tially or  Insiifllclently  'Jt.  To  subject..  II.  f  I.  To  do  less 
than  Is  expected  or  called  for.  2.  To  do  less  than  one  Is 
to;  fall  below  ones  ability:  opposed  to  onrdo.  —  un'- 
der-done",  n  I.  Insufficiently  done;  not  enough  cooked. 
'i.  Not  cooked  to  the  full,  as  meat:  called  rare  lu  U.  a. 


For  words  In  un-  not  given  above  see  un-,  prefix,  pages  832,  833. 


1:8=  final;    l  =  hablt;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sing;    thin,   thia.        uncalled 
835    2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   oil,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,   this,  underwrite 


un'der-drain",  n.  A  subsurface  drain  built  to  admit  water 
percolating  through  the  soil  above. — un'der-drain",  vt. 

un"der-es'ti-mated,  vt.  To  put  too  low  an  estimate 
or  valuation  upon.    Syn.:  see  disparage. 

un"der-feed',  vt.     To  feed  insufficiently. 

un"der-foot ',  adv.    Beneath  the  feet ;  immediately  below. 

un'der-gar"ment,  n.  A  garment  to  be  worn  under  the 
ordinary  outer  garments. 

un"der-gird',  vt.  To  gird  around,  or  to  bind  down,  as  by 
means  of  a  rope  or  chain  that  passes  underneath. 

un"der-go',  vt.  1.  To  bear  up  under;  pass  through 
and  survive.    2.  To  exist  under.    Syn.:  see  endure. 

un"der-grad'u-ate,  n.  A  student  of  a  university  or 
college  who  has  not  taken  the  bachelor's  degree. 

un'der-ground".  I.  a.  1.  Situated,  done,  or  oper- 
ating beneath  the  surface  of  the  ground.  2.  Hence,  done 
in  secret.  II.  n.  That  which  is  beneath  the  surface  of 
the  ground.  ID.  adv.  Beneath  the  surface  of  the 
ground;  hence,  secretly. 

un'der-grown",  a.    Not  fully  grown;  undersized. 

un'der-growth",  n.  1.  A  growth  of  smaller  plants 
among  larger  ones.    2.  Condition  of  being  undergrown. 

un'der-hand",  a.  1.  Done  or  acting  in  a  treacherously 
secret  manner;  unfair;  sly.  2.  In  baseball,  cricket,  etc., 
same  as  under=arm.  —  un'der-hand",  adv.  —  un"der- 
band'ed,  a.    Clandestinely  carried  on. 

un"der-hung',  a.  1.  Protruding  from  beneath,  as  a  lower 
jaw:  said  of  persons,  dogs,  etc.,  with  such  a  jaw.  2. 
Running  on  rollers  on  a  rail  below  it,  as  a  sliding  door. 

un"der-lay',  v.  I.  t.  To  lay  something  under;  support 
or  bring  up,  as  a  cut  in  printing,  by  underlays.  II.  i. 
To  incline,  as  a  vein,  from  the  perpendicular. 

un'der-Iay",  n.  1.  Print.  A  piece  of  paper,  etc.,  placed 
under  certain  parts  of  a  form,  to  bring  them  to  the 
proper  level.  2.  Mining.  An  inclination,  as  of  a  lode. 

un  'der-lease",  n .  A  lease  of  premises  by  a  lessee ;  sublease. 

un"der-let',  vt.  1.  To  lease  (premises  already  held  on 
lease) ;  sublet.    2.  To  lease  at  less  than  the  usual  rate. 

un"der-lie',  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  lie  below  or  under.  2.  To  be 
the  ground  or  support  of;  as,  the  principle  that  underlies 
a  scheme.  3§.  Fig.,  to  be  subject,  answerable,  or  liable 
to.    II.  i.  To  rest  in  or  occupy  a  position  directly  below. 

un"der-line',  vt.    To  mark  with  a  line  underneath. 

un'der-lin"en,  n.     Linen  underwear;  any  underwear. 

un'der-ling,  h.  Asubordinate;  an  inferior;  aservileperson. 

un"der-Iy'ing,  pa.    Lying  under.    See  underlie. 

un'der-men"tioned,  a.    Mentioned  below  in  a  writing. 

un"der-niine',  vt.  1.  To  excavate  beneath;  form  a  mine 
under.  2.  Figuratively,  to  subvert  in  an  underhand 
way;  wear  away  and  weaken;  as,  to  undermine  the 
influence  or  the  health  of  some  one.  Syn.:  see  weaken. — 
un"der-min'er,  n. 

un'der-minet,  n.    1.  A  cave.    2.  Mil.  Amine. 

un'der-most,  a.    Having  the  lowest  place. 

un"der-neath%  adv.  In  a  place  directly  below.  [< 
AS.  under,  under,  +  neolhan,  below.]     Syn.:  see  beneath. 

un"der-neath',  prep.     Beneath;  under;  below. 

un"der-pay',  vt.    To  pay  insufficiently. 

un"der-pin',  vt.  To  support,  as  a  wall  or  structure, 
from  below,  especially  when  a  previous  support  is  re- 
moved, by  inserting  a  prop  or  pier. — un'der-pin"ning, 
n.  1.  The  act  of  supporting  a  structure  by  building  or 
propping  beneath  it.  2.  A  foundation=wall,  especially  one 
inserted  in  place  of  another  that  is  gradually  removed. 

un'der-plot",  n.  1.  A  subsidiary  literary  or  dramatic  plot;  an 
episode.  2.  A  piece  of  roguery  or  trickery;  an  underhand 
action.— un'der-piof'tcr,  n. 

un"dcr-rate,|],  vt.    To  rate  too  low.    Syn.:  see  disparage. 

un"der-run',  vt.  1.  To  run  beneath.  2.  Naut.  To 
draw  a  boat  through  the  water  by  pulling  it  along  under 
(a  line,  hawser,  or  the  like),  as  for  examination, 

un"der-score',  vt.  To  draw  a  line  below,  as  for  indicat- 
ing emphasis;  underline.  [sell"(*r,  n. 

un"der-sell',  vt.    To  sell  at  a  lower  price  than.  —  un'der- 

un"der-set',7tf.  l.To  prop  up;  support.  2.  [Eng.l  To  underlet. 
— un'der-sct",  n.  An  undercurrent.  — uii'dcr-scf'ter,  v. 
1.  An  underpinning  prop  or  support.  2.  One  who  sublets. 
— un'der-set"tlng,  n.  Any  underpinning;  also,  a  base  or 
pedestal. 

un'der-shap"en,  a.  [Poet]  Abnormally  small. 

un'der-shirt",  n.  A  garment  worn  beneath  the  shirt, 
generally  of  cotton,  wool  and  cotton,  or  silk. 

Ull'der-shot",  o.  1.  Propelled  by  water  that  flows  un- 
derneath: said  of  a  water»wheel.  2.  Projecting;  having 
a  projecting  lower  jaw:  said  of  a  bulldog. 

un'der-slirub", n.  A  small  shrub  or  plant, with  shrubby  base. 

un"dcr-slKn',  rt.    To  sign  at.  the  foot  of;  subscribe. 

un'der-sized"',  a.    Of  less  than  the  customary  size. 

uu'der-sized"-,  a.    Insufficiently  sized,  as  paper. 


un'der-skirt",  n.  1.  A  skirt  worn  beneath  another;  a 
petticoat.     2.  The  foundation*skirt  of  a  draped  gown. 

un 'der-sleeve",  n.  A  sleeve  worn  beneath  another,  as 
of  an  undergarment,  especially  a  separate  sleeve  of 
light  material  worn  under  the  sleeve  of  a  woman's  dress. 

un"der-stand ',  v.  [-stood';  -stand'ing.]  1. 1.  1.  To  take 
in  or  make  out  the  meaning  of,  as  a  word  or  statement 
or  the  person  using  it.  2.  To  perceive  the  nature  of; 
comprehend.  3.  To  take  or  suppose  to  mean.  4.  To 
have  full  and  clear  knowledge  or  mastery  of;  as,  he  un- 
derstands his  business.  5.  To  learn  from  some  credible 
source;  know  from  being  told.  6.  To  receive  as  im- 
plied or  intended.  7.  To  supply  mentally,  as  in  expla- 
nation of  an  ellipsis;  as,  the  preposition  is  understood. 
II.  i.  To  exercise  power  of  comprehension  and  under- 
standing. 2.  To  comprehend  the  relation  of  things  in 
a  matter  under  consideration.  3.  To  know  through 
information.  [  <  AS.  miderstandan,  <  under,  under,  < 
standan,  stand.]  Syn.:  see  apprehend;  know;  perceive; 
solve. — un"der-stand'lng,  pa.  Possessing  comprehension 
and  good  sense. 

un"der-stand 'ing,  n.  1.  The  act  of  one  who  under- 
stands, or  the  resulting  state;  intellectual  apprehension. 
2.  The  power  or  faculty  by  which  one  understands;  in 
general,  the  sum  of  the  mental  powers  by  which  knowl- 
edge is  acquired,  retained,  and  extended.  3.  The  facts 
or  elements  of  a  case  as  apprehended  by  any  one  intelli- 
gence. 4.  An  agreement  between  two  or  more  persons; 
an  informal  compact. 

Syn.:  apprehension,  comprehension,  discernment,  intel- 
lect, intelligence,  judgment,  mind,  perception,  reason,  rea- 
soning faculty.    See  intellect;  mind;  wisdom. 

un"der-state'd,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  state  with  less  force  than 
the  truth  warrants.  2.  To  state,  as  a  number  or  dimen- 
sion, as  less  than  the  true  one.  II.  i.  To  state  that 
which  is  less  than  the  truth. — un"der-state'ment,  n. 

un"der-stood',  imp.  &  pp.  of  understand. 

un'der-strap"per,  n.  An  underling. — un  'der-strap"- 
ping,  a.    Subservient. 

un'der-stud"y.  Theat.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  study  (a  part)  in 
order  to  be  able,  if  necessary,  to  take  the  place  of  the 
actor  playing  it.  II.  n.  An  actor  or  actress  who  has  un- 
derstudied or  is  understudying  a  role;  an  underling. 

un"der-take',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  take  in  hand,  as  a  task  or 
enterprise;  attempt;  try.  2.  To  guarantee  the  perform- 
ance of;  covenant;  engage.  3||.  To  venture  to  assert. 
II.  i.  1.  To  make  oneself  answerable  or  responsible 
for  anything;  also,  to  enter  upon  an  undertaking.  2. 
Law.  To  assume  an  obligation.  3.  To  enter  into  any 
contract,  covenant,  or  business  relationship.  4.  [Col- 
loq.]  To  conduct  the  business  of  a  funeral  undertaker. 
Syn.:  see  endeavor.— un'der-tak"er,  n.  1.  One  who  un- 
dertakes, especially  one  whose  business  it  is  to  oversee  fu- 
nerals. 2.  One  who  undertakes  any  work  or  enterprise,  espe- 
cially a  contractor. — un"der-tak'lng,  n.  1.  The  act  of  one 
who  undertakes.  2.  The  thing  undertaken;  an  enterprise; 
task.  3.  The  management  of  funerals.  4.  Law.  An  en- 
gagement or  guaranty.  [one  who  is  himself  a  lessee. 

un'der=ten"ant,  a.    One  who  holds  premises  by  a  lease  from 

un'der-tone",  n.  1.  A  tone  of  lower  pitch  or  loudness 
than  is  usual;  especially,  the  tone  of  a  subdued  voice. 
2.  A  subdued  shade  of  a  color.  3.  A  meaning  or  sugges- 
tion implied  but  not  expressed. 

uii"der-took',  imp.  of  undertake. 

un'der-tow",  n.  The  flow  of  water  at  the  bottom  of  a 
sea  in  a  direction  opposite  to  the  surface  current ;  also, 
the  backward  undercurrent  below  the  surf. 

un"der-val'ue,  vt.  1.  To  value  too  lightly;  underrate. 
2f>  To  hold  inferior:  with  to  before  tin'  object  com- 
pared.    Syn.:  see  disparage. — un"dor-val"u-a'ti<m,  n. 

un'der-vest",  n.    An  undershirt. 

llll"der-wa'ter,  a.     Lying  or  situated  below  water-level. 

un'der-wear",  n.  Garments  worn  underneath  the  or- 
dinary outer  garments;  underclothing. 

uii"dcr-wcnt  \  Imp.  of  undergo,  v.;  also,  but  erroneously, 
l  lie  pasi  participle  for  undergone. 

un'der-wood",  n.     Underbrush. 

UIl"dcr-WOrk",  v.     I.  t.     To  compete  with  by  working 

ai  less  wages.     II.  i.    To  do  less  than  is  requisite, 
un'der-work",  n.    Subordinate  or  routine  work. 

uii'der-world",  n.  1.  The  Plutonian  or  aether  world; 
Hades.  2.  The  antipodes*;  also,  all  beneath  the  hori- 
zon.    3.  The  sublunary  world;  the-  earth. 

un"der- write',  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  write  beneath:  subscribe. 
•;.  In  finance:  (l)  To  execute  and  deliver  (a  policy  of 
insurance  on  specified  property).  (~)  To  engage  to  buj 
all  the  stock  in  (a  new  enterprise  or  company)  thai  is 
mil  subscribed  for  by  (lie  public,    II.  i.    To  act  as  an 


*'er  words  In  un-  not  given  above  see  un-,  prefix,  pages  8312,  833. 


I   nillnt  1    o  >        i        font,   art.  pr*v:    hit.  p-.ll.-..;    ol..-v.  go;   not,  Or;   full.rn!.';   Lin.  Iiflm; 

UDlTOCal  ,        .  >  .      |  .       ,  iii.   I  -  0;  go,  not.  Or,  w6u,      S.JO 


I  ..  .11 


Ull-«l" 

11 1 1— «1  i«n I> I   ..I.  I 

nii-d.nil    i  .1    .    i 

mi  — lr  1 1 

■a-dma    . 


■i  insurance 
■  r.  .  rate  or  a  psrtoo  In  the 

.•ll  wllll- 

Un  dine!. 

' 
i-  i   unlio;  take 

llll-ll.MI,       . 


.  r.     . 

1. 


iin-.lii'llH 

done 

..   being 
n   .1  with  dia- 

I   MM  I  -I)  . 

,.v  wide 

I       I 

■ 
II.  remove  onea  clothing 

un  dress.  Pertaining  t.>  every" 

un-<1r.  ta  . 

1 1 ■ 1  — 1 1 1 1 <    .  I. 

;.  uii-dii  i> . 

till    dll-l.lt.  .  I.         a  I-i.at"- 

•  or  in  waves;  have 

in'.  •■    .  .  II.        I.  ■'>  '.'.  Having  wave* 

•r.    (<  L.  undulatut,  <  undo, 

UU'dll-Llt'llllC.  Ila\- 

ns .  wa\  ing;  wavy 

un  .lu-l  nit.   :      1  Ddula mi. k       un"ilu-la'tl<ill,  ft.     A  >inu- 

II n  '«i ii-l.t- 1  . 

iin-i.irih    .  |  2  on-erth',  W.     I.  To  dig  or  root 

.'.  ■  n  \  eal ;  discover. 

un-.  irih  'l>.  1  un-urth'li:  2  un-crth'ly,  a.    Nol  earthly; 

uii-i   irlh  'li-iicss,  n. 

un-  i-'i,  1  un-ii'i;  2  u  I.  Deprived  of  ease; 

irbed;  unqui         -'•  or  rest;  un- 

!.  g  embarrassment  or  constraint. 

*.  I>;:Fi'-ult  — un-eas'l-ly,  u/i.  — un-eas'l-ness,  n. 

uii-.ath  •  :ir.lly ;  not  easily. 

nn " « ■  1 1 1 - 1 > I c i > i  ii '.    i      i.  Having  do  occupation;  out  of 
r  account.    ByiLcseeiDUB;  vacahi 
un-e  qiial,    j      1.   Not   having  equivalent  or  equal  ex- 
or  properties.    2.  Inadequate  for  the 

f»urpose:in>u:'ii-ii'iit.  3.  Not  balanced;  disproportioned; 
;;  unfair.  4.  Wanting  in  uniformity.  5. 
/(  ■:  -tribution. —  un-t''- 

ijii.il.  'I.   .      un-i'qualled:.     un-c 'qual-ly,  adr. 
un"e-qtiB  'n-i  il.  •  r-t :in<lable  in  only  one  way;  dis- 

tlnrt:plaln.     Syn.:  SOB  ABSOLUTS;  ii.un;  PLAIN.     -If,  adv. 

un-c  'ifii,  :      1.  \  it  even  or  level.    8.  Not  divisible  by  2 

lainder;  odd     3.  Not  balanced;  not  fair  or 

i         ■  uniform:  variable:  spasmodic.   Syn.:  see ikhm;- 

iiii-.    1 1 -ii— I > .  ut«.  -un-o'ven-ness,  n. 

un"e-ifiit  'fill,   i     Devoid  of  noteworthy  events;  quiet. 

un"e\-am'pl  t-  tl  .  i     So  great,  remarkable,  or  Btnking 

•  or  analogy;  without  a  parallel. 

un"ex-eep'tlon-al,  a.     Being  no  exception;  ordinary. 

un"ei-i  ip'tion-a-lii  e  ,        PI  itcannotbeoDjeotedto; 

-in  -s,  .,   —  un"ei-cep'tlon-a-bly,  adv. 
un-fair',  1  on-far';  2  un-far',  o.     Marked  by  dishonesty 

-I;. .  -ness,  n. 

nn-faiili  'ful,  a.    1,  Manifesting  lack  or  absence  of  faith; 
■;.  N'.i  tru'-  to  a  standard  or  to  an 
original.    8.  Not  equal  to  a  demand.    Syn .:  we  PKBFIDIOI  - 
un- faith  'f ul-l >  .  un-fait  Ii   fill-in  --. 

un-fa'sor-.i-hl  e  ,  irabli        1    (Tnpropitious. 

-'    -  -neflSrfl       uii-fa'vor-a-l)l) . 

un-f.  •  I'linr.    .  i  pathetic;  bard:  cruel.     Syn.:  see 

iin-f'  i  llngvtj .  uii-tei'i 'iiig-ni"-->,  n 

un-tlt'.    1:.    ■     'I  i  deprive  of  requisite  fitness,  strength, 
or  skill:  disqualify.    II.  a.    1.  Having  no  fitness;  unsuit- 
'■■  -i>.         -ness, 

un-fnM':,  r«-ad  out:  make  manifest; 

op.     Syn;  see  amplify:  intkkpkm;  BOLVB. 
un-f«>i«r:.    ■     i  ■  fret  or  let  loose  from  a  fold  or  pen. 
nii-formed ',       i.i>  or  form.    2.  Not  fully 

::.  i  Qorganizea. 

un-for  'tn-n.ite,         LB  '.'.  ' 

HI  fortune:  d  Synj  see  bad;  bad.— 

un-for'tu-nat<-l).   .    •       un-for  I  ii-ii  ,  i.-n 

un-fountl'ed,a.  1.  Restingonnosolidfoundation;  ground- 
;.  N'ot  founded  or  established,    -ly,  advt 

un-friend 'ly,  a.  1.  Unkindly  disposed;  inimical.  2.  Not 
favorable  or  propitious.  Sm.:  see  trout  w.  —  un-frlenil', 
n.  un-friend 'ed,  a.     Without  friends.  —  un- 

friend 'll-tn—.  I       un-frlend'ly, ';//' 

un-frnik'.  Rf.    Tt  i  frock  or  gown;  hence,  to 

depose,  as  a  monk  or  pc 


Ungulate  Keet. 

I   •  h..r.r.      I.  Pool 

4.  A  sid«  ,l«w 
Btai,  Bhuwini  tlio 


iin-iuri  .  i.  ro  unroll,  as  a  ilug;  spread  out;  i  rpand 
'.'.  I  o  diai 

j  i  t    t/atnaattnii  (ointment). 
iin-ciiii 'I) ,  i  un  |  i      I  aokini 

I  ■     in'         [as    ttgfUigr,  stnughl  | 

M  ■  m  Mm       iin-K.tln  'll-iii-ss.    . 

i  ii  w  i  ii.                                     ■.    >i      \  territory  In  N    I 
icing  in. -i  ol  i  sbredor;  46fl I   q  m 

ii 1 1 -cod  I) ,  i  I.  I ia\  i He  do  reverence  foi  <  lod;  Impious; 
wicked.  I.  Unholy,  S.  [Slang. 1  Outrageous.  ByiuseePRo- 
i  vm      iin-Kociii-i) .  ,i        un-godli-neaa.  n, 

un-cot  'ern-a-iil  e1',   .i      Thai    Ban    Hoi    be   governed 

i      in  in  i  i  mi  |;   \  101  i  '.  i       iiii-koi  Vrn- 
.i-M  i-nrsv'.   ■.       iiii-gnt 'eni-a-lil),  mil 

uu-gra 'clous,        I.  I  icking  in  graciousness  of  ma it; 

unmannerlj      >.  Nol  pit  i  ■■•■■■■     -ly,  adi     -neis,n 
un-u'rate  fnl,   •     i.  Feeling  oi  showing  -i  lack  ol 

tude,     'i.  Nol  pleasanl  to  do  oi   reoelve;  disagreeabli 

3.  \ot  rewarding  toil;  thankless,  as  soil,    -ly,  odn 

nn-grate'ful-ness,  n     [ngratltude 
un'fual,  1  on  rwel;  2  Un'ftwal,  a     Of ,  pertaining  to.  or 

■  nail  ) 

tin 'gut-ill,  l  trq'gwi  Lnj  ointmenl  foi 

local  application.    [<  L   itnguentum,  <  un^uo,  anoint  | 

■  III  'gills,    1  I  .'I  i  n'oi  i  B,    1    -|'«  Is;  '.I 

-ftweg.pf.]  l.  Anai  itZool.  L  nail,  claw,  hoof ,  or  talon 
'!.  \  structure  resembling  a  nail.  [L.,  nail.]—  uii-giile'- 
u-lar,  a  rii-gulc"ii-la'ta,  n. 
\  division  of  innniiiiaN  n  llh 
Clawa  un-giile'ii-lale. 
iin'mi-l.i,  1  rm'giu-lBJ  2  unV'u- 
la,  ,,.     [-UE,  l-li;L'  |     1. 

A     hoot,    OlaW,    or     talon.        'I. 

loi  olawshaped 
instrument,  3.  Thai  which  is 
left  of  a  cone  or  cylinder  when 
the  top  is  cut  off  by  a  plane 
oblique  to  the  base.     [I.  .  dim. 

of  unguis,   nail)      Un*gD-la '-of»it» 

ta,  a.  pl.     a  division  or  man 

rnals,  variously  ranked  and  llin-  falr,  J 

Ited;    hoofed    mammals.  -  un'- 

gt>lar,  a.  —  un'gu-late.    I.  a.    Hoofed  or  hoof-like.    II. 

n.    A  hoofed  animal 

un-halr',  1  un-har';  2  un-har',  tt.  To  remove  hair  from, 
a<  hides  by  scraping  or  the  like.  [hand;  let  go. 

iin-iiai'tr.  i7.    To  remove  one's  hand  from;  loose  from  the 

un-hand'seled§,  1  tm-hand'seld;  2  Qn-band'sBId,  ".  Not 
previously  used,  on  tilled;  virgin    un-hand'selledt. 

un-hap't,  n.    Ill  luck;  misfortune,     un-happe't. 

un-hap'py,  a.  1.  Subject  to  conditions  that  previ  Ql  oi 
destroy  happiness;  sad;  depressed.  '£.  Causing  misery, 
unrest,  or  dissatisfaction.  3.  Characterized  by  ill  for- 
tune. 4.  Exhibiting  lack  of  tact  or  Judgment.  Syn.:  see 
bad;  sad.— un-hap'pl-ly,  adv.  —  un-hap'pl-ness,  n 

n  ii-har  'linretl,  a.  1.  Having  no  harbor,  shelter,  or  cover. 
2t-  Not  affording  shelter,    un-har'bouredj. 

un-heard',  o.  1.  Not  perceived  by  the  ear.  2.  Not 
granted  a  hearing.    3.  Obscure:  often  with  of. 

un-hinge',  vt.  1.  To  take  the  hinges  from;  disconnect  the 
binges  of.  2.  To  wrench  out  ot  place;  deprive  of  sup- 
port    3.  To  render  unstable;  unsettle,  as  the  intellect. 

un-lio'h  ,  a.  1.  Not  hallowed.  2.  Lacking  purity.  S.vn.:see 
profane;  sinkul.  —  un-ho'll-ly,  adr.  —  un-lio'll-ness,  n 

un-horse'1,  r(.     To  cause  to  fall  from  one's  horse;  unseat. 

uu-lioii  'M'lcilt,  1  un-hau'zeld:2  un-hou'sCId,  pa.  Not  having 
received tne sacrament.  I  i  ■■■:  aS. Atteltan, administer 
the  sacrament.)     un-hou'selledt. 

u'ni-,  1  yu'ni-;  2  yu'ni-.  From  Latin  units,  one:  a  com- 
bining form,  lined  in  numerous  words,  most  of  which 
are  readily  understood  by  the  meaning  of  the  second 
element.  —  u"nl-eam'er-al,n.  Consisting  of  butoneeiiam- 
ber,  as  a  legislature.  u"nl-rel'lu-lar,  a.  Consisting  of  a 
single  cell,  a.s  a  protozoan:  ons*celled. 

U'lli-corn,  1  yu'nt-korn;  2  yu'tii-corn,  n.     1.  A  fabulous 

horsedike  anim.al  with  a  single  horn  on  the  forehead. 
'I.  Bib.  A  two'liorned  animal,  probably  the  urus. 
Deut.  xxxiii,  17.     [<  L.  unus,  one,  +  cothu,  horn  ] 

u"nl-llo'rous,  a.  lint.  One-flowered.  [<  UNI-  +  L.  flos. 
Dower.)  u"nl-flo'ralt.  —  u"nl-fo'll-ar,  a.  Out-leaved. 
[+  L.  folium.  leaf.)  —  u"nl-fo'll-ate,  n.  Hot.  1.  Unlfollar. 
'i.  inifoliolate:  an  Incorrect  use.  u"nl-fo'll-o-late,  a. 
Having  a  single  leaflet 

ii  'nl-form,  1  yu'ni-ferm;  2  yu'ni-form.  I.  vt.  1.  To  put 
into  uniform;  clothe  with  some  specific  livery.  2.  To 
make  uniform  or  conformable.  II.  a.  1.  Being  the 
same  or  alike:  said  of  form,  appearance,  etc.;  not  vary- 
ing; unchanging.  2.  Being  the  same  in  characteristics  or 
qualities.  3.  Agreeing  with  each  other;  harmonious; 
accordant.    4.  Consistent  with  itself:  constant,.    III.  n. 


For  words  In  un-  not  given  above  see  c.v-,  prefix,  pages  832,  833. 


i: a  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    iu  =  feud;    dlin;    go;    D-sing;    thin,    this. 
837      2:  wplf,  do;    hook,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,    bOrn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


Undine 
univocal 


A  dress  of  uniform  style  and  appearance,  as  worn  by 
soldiers,  postmen,  etc.  [  <  F.  uniforme,  <  L.  uniform- 
is,  <  unus,  one,  +  forma,  form.]  Syn.:  (adjective)  see  alike; 
(noun)  see  dress. — u"ni-form'i-ty,  n.  u'ni-form-nessi. 
— u'ui-form-ly,  adv. 

u'ni-fy,  1  yu'm-fai;  2  yu'ni-fy,  vt.  [-fied;  -fy"inq.]  To 
make  uniform;  unite.  [<  F.  unifier,  <  LL.  unifico,  make 
one,  <  L.  unus,  one,  +  facio,  make.] — u"ni-fl-ca'tion,  n. 

u"ni-lat'er-al,  a.  1.  Relating  to  or  affecting  one  side  only; 
onesided.  2.  Law.  Obligatory  on  one  side  only.  3.  Bot. 
One»sided,  as  an  elm=leaf.  [<  uni-  +  lateral.]— u"ni- 
llt'er-al,  a.     Comprising  but  one  letter.    [+  literal.] 

un"im-peach'a-bl(ep,  a.  Not  to  be  called  in  question 
as  regards  truth,  honesty,  etc.;  faultless;  blameless. 

ll 'n ion,  1  yun'ysn;  2  yun'yon.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  a 
union.  II.  re.  1.  The  act  of  uniting,  or  the  state  of 
being  united;  a  joining;  coalescence.  2.  A  whole 
formed  by  uniting  elements  previously  separate;  a  com- 
bination; league.  See  trade=union.  3.  Agreement  in 
sentiment  or  action;  harmony;  concord.  4.  Wedlock. 
5.  A  device  symbolizing  union  in  the  canton  of  a  flag; 
also,  the  canton,  especially  when  used  separately  as  a 
flag.  See  union  jack,  below.  6.  A  coupling  or  connec- 
tion for  pipes  or  rods.  7j.  A  pearl  of  exceptionally  fine 
quality.     [F.,   <  LL.  unio(n-),  <  L.  unus,  one.] 

Syn.:  coalition,  combination,  conjunction,  junction,  junc- 
ture, oneness,  unification,  unity.  Unity  is  oneness,  the 
state  of  existing  as  essentially  one,  especially  of  that  which 
never  has  been  divided  or  of  that  which  can  not  be  conceived 
of  as  resolved  into  parts;  as,  the  unity  of  God  or  the  unity 
of  the  human  soul.  Union  is  a  bringing  together  of  things 
that  have  been  distinct,  so  that  they  combine  or  coalesce 
to  form  a  new  whole,  or  the  state  or  condition  of  things 
thus  brought  together;  in  a  union  the  separate  individuality 
of  the  things  united  is  never  lost  sight  of;  we  speak  of  the 
union  of  the  parts  of  a  fractured  bone  or  of  the  union  of  hearts 
in  marriage.  But  unity  can  be  said  of  that  which  is  mani- 
festly or  even  conspicuously  made  up  of  parts,  when  a  single 
purpose  or  ideal  is  so  subserved  by  all  that  their  possible 
separateness  is  lost  sight  of;  as,  we  speak  of  the  unity  of  the 
human  body,  or  of  the  unity  of  the  church.  See  alliance; 
association;  attachment;  harmony;  marriage. — Ant.: 
analysis,  contrariety,  decomposition,  disconnection,  dis- 
junction, dissociation,  disunion,  division,  divorce,  separa- 
tion, severance. — the  Union.  1.  The  United  States  re- 
garded as  a  national  unit.  2.  Bug.  Hist.  The  union  of  the 
kingdoms  of  England  and  Scotland,  1707.  3.  The  United 
Kingdom.  4.  The  Union  of  South  Africa.  See  South  Af- 
rica.— union  down,  reversed,  as  a  flag,  so  as  to  have  the 
union  or  canton  at  the  lower  edge:  a  signal  of  distress. — u. 
jack,  a  flag  consisting  of  the  union  or  canton  only;  specif., 
the  British  military  flag. — u'nion-lst,  re.  An  advocate  of 
union:  (1)  A  member  of  a  trade»union.  (2)  [U-]  U.  S.  Hist. 
One  who,  during  the  Civil  War,  stood  for  the  Union.  (3) 
Brit.  Polit.  One  opposed  to  any  form  of  separation  of  Ireland 
from  England.  —  u'nion-ism,  n.  —  u"nion-is'tic,  a.  — 
u'nion-ize,  vt.    To  cause  to  join  a  trade=union. 

u-nlp'a-rous,  a.  1.  Bot.  Having  but  one  axis  or  stem.  2. 
Bringing  forth  but  one  at  a  time,  or  not  having  borne  more 
thanone.  [<  uni-  +  L.  pario, produce.] — u'ni-ped,a.  Hav- 
ing only  one  foot.  [+  L. pes, foot.] — u"ni-po'lar, a.  Hav- 
ing or  operating  by  means  of  one  pole,  as  a  certain  type  of 
dynamo. 

u-nique',  1  yu-nlk';  2  y^i-nik',  a.  1.  Being  the  only  one  of 
its  kind;  being  without  equal;  singular;  uncommon; 
rare.  2.  Not  complicated  with  other  things.  3.  Sole. 
IK.,  <  L.  unicus,  single,  <  units,  one.]  Syn.:  see  odd;  queer; 
rare.— u-nlque'ly,  arfc— u-nlque'ness,  n. 

U"ni-sex'u-al,  1  yu"m-sek'sTiu-al ;  2  yu"ni-sSk'sliy-aI,  a. 
1.  Of  one  sex:  specifically  said  of  flowers  having  one  kind 
of  sexual  organs  (stamens  or  pistils)  only.  2.  Entom. 
Consisting  of  females  only.     [  <  uni — h  sexual.] 

u'ni-son,  1  yu'ni-san;  2  yu'ni-son,  n.  1.  A  condition  of 
perfect  agreement  and  accord;  harmony.  2.  Mus. 
Coincidence  of  sounds  resulting  from  equality  in  rate  of 
vibration;  also,  the  interval  of  one  or  more  octaves. 
[<  uni-  +  sonus,  sound.]  Syn.:  see  harmony;  melody.— 
u-nl.s'o-nal,«.  Being  In  unison,  u-nls'o-iiaiitl.—  u-nls'- 
o-nal-ly,  adv.  —  u-nls'o-nance,  n.  Accordance  in  sounds. 
—  u-nls'o-nous,  a.     I.  Unisonal.     2.  Sounding  alone. 

tl'nil,  yu'nit;  2  yy'nit,  n.  1.  A  single  person  or  thing 
regarded  as  an  individual  and  as  representative  of  an 
entire  group;  also,  a  body  or  group  considered  as  a 
single  whole.  2.  Math.  A  standard  quantity  with 
which  others  of  the  same  kind  are  compared  for  pur- 
poses of  measurement;  a  least,  whole  number;  one;  unity. 
Units  are  either  fundamental,  that  la,  arbitrarily  chosen, 
or  derived,  that  Is,  defined  In  terms  of  the  fundamental  units. 
The  fundamental  units  are  those  of  length  (as  the  yard  and 
meter),  of  mass  (as  the  pound  and  kilogram),  and  of  timt  (as 
the  second).  The  centlmeter-gram-second  system,  based 
on  the  centimeter,  gram,  and  second,  was  established  by 


the  British  Association  in  1861.  The  principal  derived 
units  are  the  geometrical  and  mechanical  units,  as  those  of 
area,  volume,  velocity,  force,  etc.,  and  the  electrical  and  mag- 
netic units,  as  those  of  resistance,  current,  magnetic  inlt  nsiiy, 
etc.    [Abbr.  of  unity.] 

Unit.,  abbr.    Unitarian. 

U"ni-ta  'ri-an,  1  yu"m-te'ri-8n ;  2  yu"ni-ta'ri-an.  I.  a.  1. 
Pertaining  to  Unitarians.  2.  [u-]  Pertaining  to  a  unit. 
II.  n.  1.  A  member  of  a  religious  body  that  rejects  the 
doctrine  of  the  Trinity.    2.  [u-]  A  monothelst. 

— U"ni-ta'ri-an-ism,n.— u'ni-ta-ry,  a.  1.  Pertaining 
to  unity  or  to  a  unit.    2.  Having  the  nature  of  a  unit;  whole. 

u-nite',  1  yu-nait';  2  yu-nlt',  vt.  &  vi.  [u-NiT'EDd;  u-nit'- 
ing.]  1.  To  join  together  so  as  to  form  a  whole;  be 
merged  into  one;  combine;  compound.  2.  To  bring  into 
close  connection;  associate  intimately;  ally;  harmonize. 
3.  To  attach  or  become  attached  permanently  or  solidly. 
[<  LL.  xtnio  (pp.  unitus),  <  L.  unus,  one.] 

Syn.:  amalgamate,  associate,  attach,  blend,  cement,  coa- 
lesce, cohere,  combine,  compound,  conjoin,  connect,  con- 
solidate, fuse,  incorporate,  join,  link,  merge.  See  mix. 
Compare  add;  complex.— Ant.:  analyze,  decompose,  dis- 
connect, disjoin,  disrupt,  dissever,  dissociate,  dissolve,  dis- 
unite, divide,  resolve,  separate,  sever,  sunder. 

— u-nit'ed,  pa.  Incorporated  into  one.  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. 

U-nlt'ed  King'dom.    Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  as  consti- 
tuted by  the  act  of  union  which  took  effect  Jan.  1,  1801. 
U-nlt'ed  Prov'inc-es  of  A'gra  and  Oudh.     A  province  in 
N.  W.  India;   107,267  sq.  m.;  pop.  47,182,000. 

U-nlt'ed  States  of  A-mer'i-ca.  A  federal  republic  of  N. 
America,  including  48  States,  and  the  District  of  Columbia, 
2  Territories  (Alaska  and  Hawaii),  the  Philippine  Islands, 
the  Canal  Zone  (Panama),  Porto  Rico,  Guam,  and  certain 
Samoan  Islands;  total  area,  3,743, 306sq.m.:  pop .113.309,  - 
285:  area  of  continental  United  States.  3,026,789  sq.  m.; 
pop.   102,936,305;  capital,  Washington. 

u'ni-ty,  1  yu'ni-ti;  2  yu'ni-ty,  n.  [-ties*,  pi.]  1.  The 
state  of  being  indivisibly  one;  singleness.  2.  Union,  as 
of  constituent  parts  or  elements;  harmony;  concord. 

3.  The  number  one;  the  ratio  of  two  equal  quantities. 

4.  In  literature  and  the  arts,  combination  into  a  homo- 
geneous artistic  whole.  [  <  F.  utiile,  <  L.  unitas,  < 
unus,  one.]    Syn.:  see  harmony;  union. 

Univ., abbr.  Universalis!, university. — unlv.,a66r.    Universal. 

u'nl-va"lent,  1  yu'm-ve"lent;  2  yu'ni-va'lent,  a.  Chem. 
Having  a  combining  power  of  one.  [  <  uni-  +  valent.] 
— u'nl-va"lence,  n.    u"ni-va'len-cyt. 

u'ni-valve,  1  yu'ni-valv;  2  yu'ni-valv.  I.  a.  Having 
only  one  valve,  as  a  mollusk.  u"ni-val'vatet;  u'ni- 
valvedj.  D.  re.  1.  A  mollusk  having  a  univalve  shell ; 
a  gastropod.  2.  A  shell  of  a  single  piece.  [  <  uni-  -j- 
valve.]— u"ni-val'vu-lar,  a. 

u"ni-ver'sal,  1  yu/'ni-vur'sal;  2  yu"ni-ver'sal.  I.  a.  1. 
Relating  to  the  entire  universe;  belonging  to  the  whole 
earth  or  to  all  human  beings;  unlimited;  general.  2. 
Common  to  all  in  any  specific  group.  3.  Regarded  or 
existing  as  a  whole ;  entire.  4.  Suited  to  all  purposes  and 
conditions.  5.  Logic.  Including  all  of  a  logical  class. 
6.  Mach.  Adapted  to  a  great  variety  of  uses.  II.  n.  1. 
Logic.  A  universal  proposition;  also,  a  general  term 
or  predicate.  2.  Philos.  A  universal  concept;  that 
which  may  be  predicated  of  many  particular  things  or 
persons.  Syn.:  see  common;  general. 
— universal  joint,  a  joint  that  per- 
mits both  connected  parts  to  be 
turned  in  any  direction;  specifically,  a 
coupling  for  connecting  two 
shafts,  etc.,  so  as  to  permit  an-  - 
gular  motion  in  all  directions. 
— U"nl-ver'sal-lsm,  n.  The 
doctrine  that  all  souls  will 
finally  be  saved  and  that  good 
will  Anally  triumph  universally.  —  U"nl-ver'sal-lst.  I. a. 
Pertaining  to  Unlversallsm  or  Univcrsalists.  II.  n.  A  l»v 
llever  in  the  doctrines  of  Unlversallsm,  or  a  member  of  the 
religious  body  holding  those  doctrines,  the  Universalis!  de- 
nomination.— u"nl-vor-sal'My,  n.  1.  The  state  of  be- 
ing all-embracing.  2.  Unrestricted  Illness  or  adaptability. 
—  u"nl-ver'sal-ly,  adv. 

u'ni-verse,  1  yu'ni-vurs;  2  yu'ni-vors,  n.  1.  The  aggre- 
gate of  all  existing  things;  the  whole  creation;  in  re- 
stricted sense,  the  earth.  2.  Human  beings  collectively; 
mankind.  3.  Logic.  All  objects,  collectively,  that  are 
the  subjects  of  consideration  at  once.  4.  A  boundless 
number.    [  <  L.F universum,  neut.  of  univcrstis,  whole. 

u"ni-vcr'si-ty,  1  yCm-vur'si-ti;  2  yu"ni-vcr'si-ty,  n. 
[-ties15,  pl.\  1.  An  educational  institution  for  BUperioi 
instruction  or  for  the  examination  of  students  already 

instructed,    2.  All  the  Btudents  of  such  an  institution. 
3.  [Colloq.l  A  university  team  or  crew. 
u-nlv'o-cal,  1  yu-nlv'o-kol;  2  yu-ulv'o-cal.    I.  a.    1.  Having 


Universal  Joint. 


For  words  In  un-  not  given  above  see  un-,  -prefix,  pages  832,  833. 


II II I  II^C 

i     r    < 


|  i        ,  i  .  I  i  ii        n        I  in.  LOrn; 

.,     .,  .     ..  v  I     I         I  '      '     I*i  ""'•  <"•  """•      m:is 


1 1 


im-kcmpl    i 


1 

-l\.  -in 

I 
without 


ini-kiinl   . 


iiii-l.u  « 


iin-U«    . 

u  it-la «   1 11 1 . 


urn  law  iiii-in^- 
1 1 1 1  - 1 1  in  . 


lympa- 

-ii .  -ii. 

I.  I . 

II.  \n  unknown 

m  i 
unfasten  b\    und 

r  clothing)   in  any 

If.  To  outlaw. 

>n  ol  law  ;  il- 
MMINAI       un-Uw'ful-l).  mil. 


•  he  Biranda  ol 
•  from  the  mind;  forge) 

mi-liTii     .  iin-li  .irn.-.l  . 

im-le.irti   Mi  :  1.  \\  ithout 

iin-ltrii  i  il  .  LUterate;  uncultured.    2.  That 

[i  INOHAN1 

1 1 n-ii  *-  ,  I.  It  il  be  not  a  fact 

'.'.   3  [I-'nr- 

ee  m  t 

im-likr  .     I.  Having  little  nr  no  resemblance;  dif- 

II  manner      Syn.:  we  alien; 

Un-llkelj  .     I.  1.   lm- 

pn>: ..  II.  Improbably. 

u.i-hki-  1 1 - 1 1 . — .        uii-iiki-'ii-iiiMMi:. 

iiii-l.iul    .         I.  '  a  load  or  burden.    2.  To 

'..  Colloq.,  U.  S  J  To  sell,  especially 

k  hard  "r  risky  to  carry. 

iin-l.uk    .         I-  i  lock;  open,  as by  remov- 

.'.  range  or  Boppe  to. 

[with  for. 

llli-|...iki  il   .  .  ted:    usually 

uii-i ■'..  1- '     To  release  from 

un-loos'enf.    II.  i.    To  become  discon- 

-  .11.:  S4i  hii.1  • 
1 1 1 1  - 1 1 1  •  k  > .         i.  1  by  luck:  unfortunate.  2. 

i  by  ill  luck;  disastrous.    3.  1 11— 
us;  as.  an  unluctv  'lay.    Syn.:  see  bad. 
un-lm  k  l-l> .  un-lui-k'l-iii^s.  n. 

un-iiiade '.        I.  '-'.  Taken  to  pii 

uii-in.ik.  ■'.         1.  -Toy;  annihilate.    2.  To  depose. 

no-man',        l-  ly  courage  or  nerve. 

men,  as  a  fur' 
iin-ma-k    .  I.  I  mask  from.     2.  Figura- 

■     'Ml 

on-mean  lng,  -:  unintelligent,    -ly,  <i'/' . 

uu-iiur '"  i-f  ill.         I.  -    iwing  no  mercy;  cruel;  pitiless. 

nit.    -1>. '/        -ii.". 
iiii-iiiiinl  'Mil.        N"t  keeping  in  mind;  neglectful;  innt- 

u  ii-  in  I  n  il '  I  ul-l  > .  it  ii-ii  1 1  ml  'fill- ii. 

iin'  'mls-tak  '.i-til  >•  .  be   mistaken. 

un"tnl- takca-hl  <■■  :.       -'   :;  :      He      IPPASBNT;     CLKAB; 
uii"inl  —  tak'a-hl)  ,  adv. 
un-nat  u-ral.  I.   I  the   laws  of  nature, 

natural 

th  nature;    artificial.     Syn.: 
see  f*'Tit:  Ut.     -ly,  adv.     -nr-. 

nn-nei'i a-r> .  -  -- ary-  — 

ii  ii -in  !• — .i - r  i  - 1  > .  ii  ii- hit '■ — a-rt-ni 

iiii-ihtm'.  L  of  the  nerves;  de- 

pr; . 
iin-or  taii-ized,  i      Nol  organized;  specifically,  not  liv- 

iin-or 'gan-i-i  .1    . 
on-paid',         I.  „"<1.  in  a  debt.    2. 

'..  remaining  due. 

■n  pir'il  Irlrn   j  parallel;  unmatched;  un- 

un-par 'il-l'ld  . 

un-p3r"lia-iniMi  i.i-r) ,  1  on-par*b-men'te-n;  2  un-par"- 

•rn  de- 

un-plia-   mi.  peeable; 

tin-pie- \uit    .  -I>.  -in--. 

un-pop'u-lar,  a      Having  no  popularity;  generally  dis- 

-l>,  mi  "pop-u-lar'i-t\. 

un-prai'ti^ed,  i  1    on-)  a.     1. 

un-prai'tieed,  I  Being  without  practise;  inexperienced; 
tied  out  in  practise.   3.  Not  y-t  tried. 


Illl-pr..    i  -il«  nl-i  il.     i         It.  mi;    withoul    |iiir.i|.iil.    un- 
•  .  ii  kOHDIN  Mil        -l>.  .!.(' 

un-prel  'o-dlccd,  i     I.  Free  from  prejudice  or  lnas;  un- 

IDID 

un-prln'rl-plcd,        l  ••  itituto  ol  conscientious  scruples; 

in..  niMuiiii 

un-prli   i-ni.    .        I.  Of  worth  beyond  animation;  Invalu- 

uir  pro-ilin    i in-,  i  ..      I.    I -i • ..  1 1 i.-i hi.:  little  ..r  nothing; 
mi  "pro-due  in   .i  2.  Specifically ,  in  economics, 

not  adding  to  exchangeable  value     -i>.  •neas,n 

on"pro-ies'slon-al,  I.    Having   no  profession      -.'. 

Being  outside  ..t  bej  ond  tl»-  limiti  ol  oni  '  •  profi 

8.  \  i  ethical  code  ..t  ■  profession 

mi  'pro-voked',        I,  Having  received  no  provocation, 

2.  N..i  called  forth  by  provocation  or  jual  i 
im-i|iiiil  1-fled,        I.  Being  without  the  proper  qualifica- 
unfil     '.'.  Having  failed  to  cjualifj     S.  Given  or 

•  lone  without  limitation  or  restrictions,    -l>. 

nil-i|llrs'(ion-;i-lil   r'.  a       I.   I ,  Mam.. i     lire  to  admit 

being  bej  ond  a  doubt.    2  .  I  iffioull  to  ftp 
preach  with  i  Q  !  see  Ufcon- 

BLl  .  NOTORIOI  B,      iiil-(|llcs'Mi>n-a-l  I]  .  mlv. 

DD-qaes'aooed,  .i     I,  Nol  called  in  q      tion     2.  Nol 

to!...  disputed  with;  indisputable.   3.  Si  it  interrogated. 
im-i|iii  VI,        I.  Nol   itn   t;  disturbed     ^  Causing un- 

discomforl     -i> .  -ness, 

oo-rav'el,  1  im-r;i\  'I:  2  un-ra\  'I.  t.    I.'     1.  To  separate 

th..  f  a  tangled  skein  or  knitted  article     2. 

iold;  explain.    3.  To  bring  to  a  climax,  as  :i  plot. 

II.  /.    To  become  disentangled     Byn.  bcc  intxrpbjpt. 
on-read')  1  on-red';  L'  Un-rfid',  a.    1.  Not  informed  by 

n  ading;  i ■■•  '-•  Nol  yel  perused 

ini-reail'},  1   nn-re.t'i .  U  uu-reil'y.  a.     I.  Being  without  reinll- 

ness  or  alertness;  nol  iiiit  or  quick.    2.  Nol  In  a  condition  to 
aet  effectively. — on-read T-Iy ,  ode.    nn-rcad 'l-ness,  n. 

on-re'ol,  l  on-rf'sl;  L'  un-rfi'sl.  ".  I.  Having  no  reality; 
not  practical;  fanciful  2.  Having  no  actual  existence, 
:t.  Having  no  genuineness.     un'Vc-al'l-ty.  n. 

oo-rea'soDti  >'    To  disprove  by  reasoning, 

uii-ri'ii'xin-a-bl  i'1',  a,     1.  Acting  without  or  contrary 

to  reason.    2.  Nol  according  to  reason;  irrational,    3. 

ding  what  la  reasonable;  Immoderate,    Syn..  see  »B- 

Bcnn;   ooiodbrati      ooHrea'son-a-WCe-ness*,   n     om« 

re.i'son-a-bly,  adv.  lunllinlteil. 

uii-rt'clk'on-a-blio1',  a.  Not  to  be  reckoned  or  computed; 

un"ri'-i;<'n  Vr-atc,  a.  Not  having  been  changed  by  re- 
generation ;  loosely,  sinful. 

ilii"rc— ><Tvi'd\  |  a.     1.  <  liven  or  done  without  reserve. 

on"re-serTd'8,  (  2.  Having  no  reserve  of  manner. 
Syn.:  see  iandid;  implhit.     -ly,  adp.     -ness,  n. 

un"re-s|>cc'tl\ot,  a.    1.  General.    2.  Not  restricted. 

iiii-rcs'pil-ed,  a.  1.  No1  postponed;  nol  respited,  as 
from  a  sentence  of  the  law.  2f.  Having  no  intern 

iin-res( ',  /,.     Restlessness,  especially  of  the  mmd 

iiii-ri'llcd',  a.    Smoothrbore,  as  a  gun.  [examined. 

un-rl'fled2,   a.     Nol    rifled,   Beised,   or  plundered;   not 

Dn-rigbl  'cons,  a.  1.  Not  righteous;  wicked  2.  Con- 
trary to  the  law  Of  rinht;  unjust.  Syn.:  sec  sinkul.  —  un- 
riuiit 'eous-l>,  adv.  -tuwlgot'eoos-ness,  n, 

un-ripe',  a.  1.  Nol  arrived  a1  maturity;  not  ripe.  2. 
Figuratively,  nol  ready  for  accomplishment. 

nn-ri 'valcd,  a.      Having   no   rival  or  competitor;  un- 
ii  n-ri  'Milled;. 

Ull-roir,  r.     I.  (.     1.  To  spread  or  open  (that   which  has 

been  rolled  up).    %.  To  exhibit  to  view.    II.  /.    To  open 

with  :i  rolling  movement;  unfold;  develop. 
iin-ru'ly,    1  on-ruli;  2  un-ni'ly,  a.     Disposed  to  resist 
rule  or  discipline;   Intractable;   ungovernable.     Syn.:  see 

Bl  -  nvi:       Ull-ru'll-ne>s,  n 

un-sat 'u-rat"ed,  a.  Falling  short  of  saturation;  not 
fully  combined. 

un-sa'vor-y,  a.  1.  Having  a  disagreeable  taste  or  odor. 
'..  -  tggestmg  something  disagreeable,  offensive,  or  un- 
clean to  the  mind.  3.  Associated  with  misconduct  or 
with  something  morally  bad—  on-sa'vor-l-ly,  adv.— 
iin-sa'uir-l-iiess,  n.  lunlnjured. 

on-scathed',  1  on-skethd';  2  un-scatlid',  a.    Unharmed; 

uii-scru'pu-lous,  a.  Nol  scrupulous;  having  no  scru- 
ples; unprincipled,    -ly,  adv.   -ness,  n. 

on-sea] ',  vt.    To  l»r<  :ik  or  remove  the  seal  of. 

nn-searcb'a-bl  <•'',  a.  That  can  not  be  searched  or  ex- 
plored;  bidden;  mysterious,     un-search'a-bly,  adv. 

un-sea'son-a-bKe1',  a.  Not  being  in  the  proper  season 
or  not  being  in  time;  inappropriate.. — on-sea 'son-a- 
blfe-nesse,  „      un-sea'son-a-bly,  mtt.  —  un-sea'son«d,«. 

no-SCnt''1,    '        I  o  r< -move  from  a  seat;  unhorse. 

mi-seen','/     Not  seen;  not  evident;  invisible. 

un-set  'tie,  vt.     1.  To  move  from  a  fixed  or  settled  condi- 


Vtt  words  In  un-  not  given  above  see  u.v-,  prefix,  pages  832,  833. 


1:8  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  sinff;    Chin,   this.         unjust 
839       2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this.       I  .  P.  C. 


tion.  2.  To  confuse;  disturb.  3.  To  become  unsteady 
or  unfixed.    Syn.:  see  displace.  [as  a  woman. 

un-sex'S  vt.     To  rob  of  the  distinctive  qualities  of  a  sex, 

un-sei'u-al,  a.    Not  sexual;  not  characteristic  of  sex. 

un-ship'',  vt.  1.  To  unload  from  a  ship  or  other  vessel. 
2.  To  move  or  throw  out  of  place,  as  a  rudder. 

un-sight'ly,  a.  Offensive  to  the  eight;  ugly.— un- 
slght'll-ness,  re. 

un"so-phis'ti-cat"ed,  1  un"so-fis'ti-ket"ed;2  un"so-fis'- 
ti-cat"8d,  a.  1.  Free  from  adulteration;  genuine;  pure. 
2.  Artless;  simple.  3.  Showing  Inexperience.  Syn.:  sec 
candid;  rustic.— un"so-phls'tI-cat"ed-ly,  adv. — un"so- 
phls'tl-cat"ed-ness,  re. 

un-sound',  a.  Lacking  in  soundness;  not  sound. — 
un-sound'ly,  adv. — un-sound  'ness,  re.  [mercy. 

un-spar'ing,  a.     1.  Not  sparing;  lavish.     2.  Showing  no 

un-speak'a-bl(ep,  a.  1.  That  can  not  be  expressed;  un- 
utterable. 2.  [Colloq.]  Extremely  bad  or  objectionable. 
-ness,  re. — un-speak'a-bly,  adv. 

un-spe'cial-ized,  1  un-spesb'al-aizd;  2  un-spesh'al-Izd,  a. 
Not  specialized;  especially,  in  biology,  not  set  apart  for 
a  special  function  or  purpose;  generalized,     -isedj. 

un-sphere',  vt.    To  take  out  of  its  sphere  or  place. 

un-spot'ted,  a.  Not  marked  with  spots;  free  from  blem- 
ishes; immaculate.     Syn.:  see  pure. 

un-sta'ble,  a.  Lacking  in  stability,  firmness,  or  per- 
manence; not  secure.    Syn.:  see  fickle;  precarious. 

un-stop'*,  vt.  1.  To  remove  a  stop  or  stopper  from; 
hence,  to  open.     2.  To  open  the  stops  of  (an  organ). 

un-string',  vt.  1.  To  remove  from  a  string.  2.  To  take 
the  strings  from ;  also,  to  loosen  the  strings  of,  as  a  bow 
or  a  guitar.    3.  To  relax,  as  if  by  loosening. 

un-stud'ied,  a.  1.  Not  planned;  unpremeditated.  2. 
Not  stiff;  natural.  3.  Not  acquainted  through  study. 
4.  Not  studious.     Syn.:  see  simple. 

un-sung',  a.  1.  Not  celebrated  in  song  or  poetry;  ob- 
scure.   2.  Not  yet  sung,  as  a  song. 

un"sus-pect'ed,  a.  1.  Not  suspected,  as  of  evil.  2.  Not 
imagined  or  known  to  exist.    un"sus-pect't- 

un"sus-pect'ing,  o.     Having  no  suspicion;  trusting. 

u n "sus-pi 'ciou s,  a.     Not  suspicious;  unsuspecting. 

un-tent'ed,  a.  1.  Having  no  tents.  2§.  Not  tented  or 
dressed,  as  a  wound.    3.  [Scot.]     Uncared  for. 

un-thank'ful,  o.  1.  Not  grateful.  2.  Not  received 
with  thanks;  unwelcome,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

un-think'ing,  a.  1.  Not  having  the  power  of  thought. 
2.  Lacking  though tfulness,  care,  or  attention;  heedless. 
Syn.:  see  imprudent.— un-thlnk'ing-ly,  adv. 

un-ti'dy,  a.     Lacking  tidiness. — un-ti'di-ness,  re. 

un-tie',  vt.  To  loosen,  as  a  knot;  hence,  to  free  from  any 
fastening.    Syn.:  see  release. — un-tied',  a. 

un-til',  1  un-til';  2  un-til'.  I.  prep.  Unto  the  time  of;  up 
to;  till.  II.  conj.  To  the  time  when;  to  the  place  or 
degree  that.  [ME.  until,  <  unto  (see  unto),  by  substi- 
tuting til  (<  Ice.  Ill),  to,  for  to  (<  AS.  to),  to.] 

un-time'ly.  I.  a.  Coming  before  time  or  not  in  proper 
time;  unseasonable,  un-time'oust;  un-ti'mousj 
[Scot,  or  Obs.].     II.  adv.   Before  the  proper  time. 

un'to,  1  un'tu;  2  Qn'to.  I.  prep.  To:  a  formal,  poetical, 
or  archaic  form,  used  in  all  senses  except  as  the  sign  of 
the  infinitive.  lit.  conj.  Up  to  the  extent  or  time 
that;  until.  [ME.  unto,  <  un-  (<  Old  Saxon  und;  cp. 
AS.  Oth,  up  to)  +  to,  <  AS.  to,  to.] 

un-told',  a.  1.  That  can  not  be  told,  revealed,  or  de- 
scribed.    2.  That  can  not  be  numbered  or  estimated. 

un-to'ward,  1  un-to'ard;  2  un-to'ard,  a.  1.  Causing 
annoyance  or  hindrance;  vexatious.  2.  Not  yielding 
readily.     Syn.:  see  perverse,     -ly,  mlr.     -ness,  n. 

un-trav'eled,  a.  1.  Not  passed  over,  as  a  road.  2.  Not 
having  traveled;  provincial,     un-trav'elled:):. 

un-trod 'den,  un-trod',  a.  Not  having  been  trodden 
upon;  hence,  unfrequented. 

un-true',  a.  Lacking  truth;  not  true.  (1)  Not  corre- 
sponding with  fact.  (2)  Not  conforming  to  rule  or 
standard.  (3)  Not  adhering  to  faith,  pledge,  or  duty; 
disloyal.  Syn.:  see  had;  perfidious.  —  un-truth',  re.  1. 
The  character  of  being  untrue.  '£.  A  falsehood;  He.  S.vn.:  see 
DECEPTION;  lie. — un-trutli'ful,  a.    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  ;/. 

un-truss',  1  un-trus';  2  un-trus',  Vt.  1.  To  loosen  or  free  from 
or  as  from  a  truss.    2t.  To  take  off  (breeches) ;  undress. 

Un-trUSt'wor"tliy,  a.  Worthy  of  no  trust;  unreliable. 
Syn.:  see  had;  perfidious.  -uii-trust'wor"tlil-ncss,  //. 

un-tu'tored,  1  un-tiu'tard;  2  Cin-tu'tord,  a.  Having  had 
no  tutor;  hence,  unlnstniCted;  raw.     K.vn.:  sec  IGNORANT. 

un-used',  a.    1.  Not  ma. I.-  use  of;  disused;  also,  never 

having  been  used,    2.  Nol  accustomed  or  wont:  with  to, 

iiii-u 'su-al,  ii.    ( )f  a  character,  kind,  number,  or  size  not 

usually  met.  with.  Syn.:  see  EXTRAORDINARY;  IRREGULAR; 
Odd;  hare.  — un-u'su-al-ly,  adv.  -  un-u'sii-al-ness,  rt. 


un-ut'ter-a-bl(e>',  a.  That  can  sot  be  uttered;  inex- 
pressible. —  ini-ul  (er-a-lil  e-inss  .  n.  —  un-ut'ter-a- 
bly,  adv. — un-ut'tered,  a. 

un-val'ued,  a.  1.  Not  valued;  valueless.  2.  Not  having 
a  fixed  value.    3t-  Inestimable. 

un-veil',  vt.  1.  To  remove  the  veil  from,  as  a  statue. 
2.  To  disclose  to  view;  unfold. 

un-war'rant-a-bl(ep,  a.  That  can  not  be  warranted; 
unjustifiable;  indefensible. — un-war'rant-a-bly,  adv. 

un-war'rant-ed,  a.  1.  Having  no  warrant;  unwarrant- 
able; unjustifiable.  2.  Being  without  warranty  or 
guaranty.     3f.  Not  assured.     Syn.:  see  vague. 

un-wa'ry,  a.  Taking  no  precautions  against  accident 
or  danger. — un-wa'ri-ly,  adv. — un-wa'ri-ness,  re. 

un-well',  a.     Somewhat  ill;  ailing;  indisposed.     Syn.:  see 

SICKLY. 

un-wept',  a.  1.  Not  lamented,  as  a  deceased  person.  2. 
Not  shed,  as  tears. 

un-whole'some,  a.  1.  Deleterious  to  physical,  mental, 
or  moral  health;  pernicious.  2.  Unsound  in  quality  or 
condition.     3.  Unhealthy.     Syn.:  see  bad;  noisome. 

un-wleld'y,  1  un-wlld'i;  2  iin-weld'y,  a.  Moved  or  man- 
aged with  difficulty;  bulky;  clumsy.— un-wield'i-Iy, 
adv. — un-wleld '1-ness,  re. 

un-will'ing,  a.  1.  Unfavorably  disposed  toward  some 
course  of  action;  reluctant;  loath.  2.  Done  with  reluc- 
tance.   Syn.:  see  inimical;  reluctant,    -ly,  adv.   -ness,  re. 

un-wlse',  a.  Acting  with  or  showing  lack  of  wisdom;  in- 
judicious; foolish,    -ly,  adv. 

un-wit'ting,  a.  Having  no  knowledge  or  consciousness 
of  the  thing  in  question,    -ly,  adv. 

un-wont'ed,  1  un-wunt'ed;  2  un-wont'£d,  a.  Not  ac- 
cording to  wont  or  custom.  Syn.:  see  extraordinary.— 
un-wont'ed-ly,  adv.— un-wont'ed-ness,  re. 

un-wor'thy,    )  a.     1.  Not  worthy  or  deserving  of  some- 

un-wur'thyp,  (  thing  specified.  2.  Not  befitting;  hence, 
wrong.  3.  Lacking  worth;  unfit;  WTong.  Syn.:  see  bad; 
sinful.— un-wor'thi-ly,  adv.— un-wor'tbi-ness,  re. 

un-writ'ten,  a.  1.  Not  reduced  to  writing;  not  written 
down;  oral;  traditional.  2.  Having  no  writing  upon  it. 
— unwritten  law,  a  custom  In  some  localities  granting  a 
measure  of  immunity  to  persons  committing  criminal  acts 
in  support  of  personal  or  family  honor. 

un-yoke",  vt.  &  vi.    To  release  from  a  yoke;  disunite. 

up.  I.  a.  1.  Moving,  sloping,  or  directed  upward  or  in 
a  direction  arbitrarily  regarded  as  upward.  2.  Naut. 
Specifically,  shifted  to  windward,  as  a  tiller.  II.  n. 
That  which  is  up,  as  elevated  ground;  a  state  of  pros- 
perity: chiefly  in  the  phrase  ups  and  downs.    III.  adv. 

I.  Toward  a  higher  place  or  level.  2.  In  or  on  a  higher 
place.  3.  Toward,  in,  or  at  that  which  is  figuratively 
higher.  4.  In  or  to  a  vertical  position;  on  one's  feet; 
standing;  risen  from  bed.  5.  So  as  to  be  level  (to)  or 
even  (with)  in  space,  degree,  etc.;  as,  up  to  date.  6. 
[Colloq.]  In  a  state  acquainted  (with),  equal  (to),  or  a 
match  (for);  as,  up  to  his  tricks.  7.  In  or  into  commo- 
tion or  activity;  in  progress  or  performance;  aroused; 
astir;  as,  what's  upf  8.  In  or  into  prominence.  9. 
Into  or  in  a  place  for  keeping.    10.  At  an  end  or  close. 

II.  Completely;  wholly.  IV.  prep.  1.  From  a  lower 
to  a  higher  point  or  place  on  or  along.  2.  At,  on,  or 
near  a  higher  place  or  part  of.     [  <  AS.  up,  up.] 

In  the  following  list  of  words  (all  verbs  except  when  other- 
wise marked)  up-  has  the  force  of  the  adverb  placed  after 
the  root=word;  as,  upbear,  to  bear  up;  upcoming,  a.,  coming 
up;  upcoming,  re.,  coming  up. 

up-bear'  up'com'ing,  n.  up'reach'lng,  up-shoot' 

up-bind'  up-curl'  a.  &  n.  up'shoot",  re. 

up-blaze'  up-flow'  up-rear'  tip-soar' 

ui>-blow't  up'flow,  re.  ui)-rlse'  up-sprlng' 

up-break',  up-go'lng,  a.  up'rlse".  re.  up-Btand' 

up'break,  re.  up'go'ing,  re.  up-rose'  up-start' 

up-breathe'  up-grow'  up-roll'  up-sway' 

upbuild'  up-heap'  up-rouso'  up-eweep' 

up-call'  up-hoard'  up-run'  up-swell' 

up-caught'  up-llft'er,  re.  up-rush''  up-waft'd 

up-come'  Up'lOOK"  up-send'  Up-Well' 

up-com'lng,  a.  up-pluck'  up-sent'  up-whirl' 

up.,  abhr.     Upper. 

U'pas,  1  yfi'pas;  2  yu'paS,  n.  1.  A  tall  tree,  of  the  island 
of  Java,  with  an  acrid  milky,  poisonous  juice.  2.  The 
poisonous  sap  of  various  Malaysian  trees.  3.  Hence, 
something  morally  deadly.  Sec  illus.  on  next,  page. 
[<  Malay  puhri'tipas,  poison  tree.] 

iip-brultl'1,  1  np-brSd';  2  iip-brad',  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  re- 
proach as  deserving  blame.  2.  To  accuse  of  something 
regarded  as  a  reproach.    Syn.:  see  reprovj  ,  re\  ti  i 

up 'burst",  a.    A  breaking  or  burning  upward. 

|i.  r.  v.,  nbbr.    United  Presbyterian  church. 


I'or  words  In  un~  not  given  above  see  un-,  prefix,  pages  8112,  8313. 


i|siir> 


.      (ire;    ( 


I  I         ii  .1     |        ii        i)  in .  l>Orn; 

v  III  I  ii.  not.  oi.  WOO, 


MO 


i  ■   turned,  01 

III  ring  up- 


llp-ti,ll    . 

lip       hill     . 
I 

it  iiitii- 

II.  -hill' 

up   a  lull    or    :m    ascent ;   heme. 

up-h<>lil  .  .  I.i       M  ui>.  keep 

failure, 
ur:ii;.-;  defend,    •'!. 
Mi     use nt ;  CO N- 
up-hold  'er, 

Dp-hoi   -l'  r.  1-    I"  tit.  B8 

2.  To  pro- 

.  as  on  :ip;irt- 

;.  my  kind.    [< 

iii>-hi>r»iiT-.r.    •.       op-bol'ster-r,  n.      i. 

.'.    i  .  •  oration  of  an 

ipholsterlng. 

up    Ln|i  .  also,   means  of   m&irite- 

u|i  land,  I  1.1.  Pertaining  to  an 

lining  to  or  situated 
II.         I.I-.    higher  portii  ■  ■ 

ountry  in  the  interior. 
up-llft'.!  ■•    _'.•'-.:;•'.,'     To  lift  up,  or  raise  aloft. 

up-llft 'j.  n.     I'plifted. 
uplift,  I  enl  upward;  in  urology,  an  up- 

tal  or  moral  upraising. 
op 'most,  .  i  upmost ;  highest 

iiji-.. ii  .  J  .  I.  On:  completing  a 

II.  1    '  >n,  in  an  elevated  posi- 

n  upward.     [<  AS.  uppon,   < 
■ 
Dp 'per,  l-         Higher  than  something 

II.  1.1  hat  ]>:irt  of  a  boot  01 

[Compar.  of    cp.]  — up'per-most.     I. 

i  ink.  otc.   2.  First  to  come  Into  the 

u|,  in  .-i   .     II.  ad*.     In  the  liikdn-st   place;  first, 
up'pl-h.  I  ■  :•-  I    3  ttp'teh        [Colloq.]  Inclined  to  I 

asser  bblsh. 

up-rai-.   .  up-rear'*, 

up'right,  1  op'rait;  2  fip'i        L        I.  Being  in  a  vertical 
.'. 
II.  -  iving  :t  vertical  position, 

3    upriht,   <  up,  up,  +  riltt, 
rter,-  n  -l  :   MORAL; 

up'rlif  tit-l> ,   ;  /        up'rlglit-iie--. 

op-rising,  .  i.   i 

1 . 

up-rl-t  '•.  Dptlstt.  n.     An  uprising. 

■p-raaw',  l|.  t.    To  make  an  uproar. 

II  •.  throw  Into  uproar  or  confusion. 

up'roar.  .  2  ttp'ror,  n.    Violenl  disturban 

notee;  turn.  p,  up.    +   roeren,  stir.]     Bfi 

up-roar'i-ou-.  impanled    by 

uproar  -I,.  -in--. 

up-nxii  '  .  Co  tear  up  l>y  the 

utterly.    Syn.:  see  bxtjebminati 
np-roii-,    .  from  sli  ep. 

I  p--  rii.  i  Ithedral  and  unlver- 

I  |>--al':. 
rTaln  origin  and  meaning  used  In 
[  <    1> 

op  zijn.  in  the)    up'seyti  up 

up-vt'.  II.   ro  overturn.    2. 

di  I      3.  To  throw  into 

I.  Lnd    thicken 

II.         -•  t  up; 

required;  as,  an  up*>t  price.     III.  I  • 

u  !■ —  •  •  'ter,        '  "i<-  who 
_»t  which  upsets.— up--'  t  'ting  .  n      The  act  ofupeet- 


dlmjulol. 


link-  or  I  he  rondlUon  "t  Ik 

lip-si  I     I  I  in.    .     .  |  'iluelil. 

up  -hoi .1  n     The  Dual  outcome, 

•  . 
up  -"i.    .  The  upper  lido  "i  pai  t 

i"  be  up-iii.  -  with  brli         be  even  with,    ui>- 

siilr  down,  with  the  upper  ilde  down;  nonce,  In  ■! 
up    -t.iir-,".    I.         Pertaining  to  an  upper  storj      II.  n, 

III.  [n  or  to  an  uppci    ton 

up  -iiri   .  1.  .i      I.  Suddonly 

■  I  to  prominence  wealth,  "i  powi  i     '.'.  Hi  n 

tentious     II.  ■■      I.  ' who  or  that  whii 

suddenly ;  especially,  one  who  I  ddonl]  from  a 

humble  position  t"  conscquonce     2.  One  » li"  » 
an  arrogant  torn 
up  take",  I  1.1  be  act  ol  lifting  or 

taking  up.     2.   \  boiler*flue  that  carries  up  thi 
ho  ■  i.    Pro    I  i  ipprehenaion. 

up  throw",  l  op'Chro";  2  Up'thro  .  I.  \  throwing  up 
ward;  an  upheaval.    2.  Qtol  i  i  upward  di 

placement  "i  the  rook  on  one  ride  ol  a  fault. 

lip 'thrust",  1   up'thru-t";  2  up'tluu-t",  n.      I.    \  n  upu  an  I 

thru  i     '.'.  i  \     iphi        i   usually  violent)  of  rooks 

up- turn',  1  op-turn';  2  tip-turn  ,  <i    To  turn  up  or  over, 
i  with  the  plow;  hence,  to  overturn;  up  i  I 

up 'ward)  1  op'ward;  2  up'ward,  a,    Turned  or  direoted 
toward  a  higher  place.    [<  AS.  upward,  <  up,  up, 
•.  \ i[i>.) 

up'ward,    i  adv.    1.  Toward  a  higher  plaoe  or  prioe     2. 

ap'wards,  j  In  excess;  more.  8.  Toward  that  which  is 
better,  nobler,  or  holier.— upward  of  or  upwards  ol. 
1.  Higher  than  or  In  excess  of.  2.  [Colloq.  ft  Erron.]  Hardly 
a*  much  or  as  many  as;  about 

lr,  l  Or;  2  ur,  n.  Bib.  A  oltt  of  Cnaldea;  home  of  Abraham. 

u-r:e'us,  i  yu-rfoi  "      The  serpent  emblem 

in  the  head-dresses  of  Egyptian  divini- 
ties and  kings:  a  symbol  of  sovereign- 
ty. [•  <ir.  OWOiOS,  of  a  tall,  <  oura, 
tall  1 

I'ral,  1  ya'ral;  2  yu'ral.n.  I.  A  moun- 
tain system  In  European  Russia  be- 
tween Europe  and  Asia;  highest  ix>int. 
5,000  ft.    2.  A   river  In   E.    European 

la,   between    Europe   and    Asia; 

i  m  to  the  » tasplansea.     Ifral,  a. 

I     ral  Al-ta'lc,       -  1    ytVr..l  .  al  -  fccVilz, 

l'-ra"lo'.\l-ta'lc,  J  yu-rO'lo-:   2    yu'ral- 
al-tft'le,  \n-ra"io-.  a.    1. 1  >f  or  pertain- 
ing  to   the  t  ral   and  Altaic  mountain  Uncus. 
ranges.    2.  PAfloI.  Bame  as  Turanian, 

I'-ra'nl-a.  1  \  -xi-ri-'m-n-.H  yij-ra'ni-a.  n.  'I'lii'Mu  eofs   Ironomy. 

I  -ra'nl-an,  1  yu-rS'm-en;  2  yy-ra'ni-an,  a.     1.  Of  or  per- 

taining to  the  planet  fjranus.    2.  Myth.  Celestial. 

u-ranle,  1  yu-ran'ik;  2  yu-ran'ie,  a.  1.  Relating  to  the 
heavens;  astronomical.  2.  Chem.  Pertaining  to  or  de- 
rived from  uranium,  especially  in  its;  higher  valence. 

u-ra'iii-um,  1  yu-re/ni-um;  2  yu-ra'ni-um,  n.  A  rare 
white  metallic  element.    See  element.    |<  Uranus.] 

II  'ra-iio-,  1  ytt'rs-no-',  2  yu'ra-no-.  From  ( inrk  minimis, 
heaven:  a  combining  form.     In  chemical  ami  mineral- 

I  words  it  refers  to  the  element  uranium. — u"ra- 
nog'ra-phy,  n.  Descriptive  astronomy;  especially, 
that  branch  which  treats  of  the  constellations.  ou"ra- 
iioi;  ra-ph)  ;. — u"ra-nol'o-gj',  n.     Astronomy. 

I  'ra-iius,  1  yu'rB-nus; 2 yu'ra-nus,  n.  1.  Or.  Myth.  The 
husband  of  Gaea  or  Ge  (Earth)  and  father  of  the  Titans 
and  the  Cyclopes  Ou'ra-nosl  [Gr.].  2.  Astron.  A 
planet,  the  outermost  of  the  solar  system  except  Nep- 
tune.    [L.,  <  Gr.  Ouranos,  <  ouranoa,  heaven!] 

ii  'r. lie,  1  yQ'ret;  2  yu'rat,  n.  Chem     A  salt  of  uric  acid. 

ur'ban,  1  ur'lu.n;  2uVban,a.  Pertaining  to  a  city;  sit- 
uated or  dwelling  in  a  city.  [<  I    urbanua;  see  urbane.] 

I'r'han,  n.  <>m-  of  eight  popes  of  Rome;  specif.,  I'rhan  II. 
in  i. '   L099),  whose  preaching  gave  rise  to  the <  irusades. 

ur-haiie',  1  Or-lion';  2  ur-Wan',  n.  Characterized  by  civil- 
ity or  refinement;  polite;  Buave.  [<  L  urbanua,  of  a 
city,  <  urb.i,  city. I  Syn.:  see  i'oi.itk-  ur-hane'ly,  adr.— 
ur-ban'l-ty,  n.  Refinement;  courtesy.  Syn.:  sec  POLITENESS. 

ur  Vc-o-lalc,   1    Or'  i-o-l.l;  g   ur'i.c-o-lat .  n.    lint.    Pitcher*  or 

iped.    (<  i-  urceoUu,  dun.  of  ureeu  .  pitcher.] 

or 'chin,  1  DVc1nn;2  ftr'chin,  n.    1.  A  roguish  mischievous 

2.  A  cylinder  in  a  cardio  8.  Ahedge- 

hog.    4.  A  sea-urchin.  [<  L.°' ericiv    (•    er),  hedgehog.] 

iin-t.    l.tt.&ti.    To  exercise   Inuri      ll.  n.    Practise;  use. 

OF.  cure.  <  L.  opera,  work.] 

-ure.    A  substantive  ending  found  In  noun-  denoting  action. 

nr  the  product  or  result  ol  action,  ami  usually  attached  to  the 

pasupartlciple stem;  as,  cincture,  picture.    [=  i. -ure.  <  L. 

-urn.  fem.  substantive  ending.] 

u're-a,  ]  yfl'n-a;  2  yu/re-a, /i    Chem.  A  very  soluble  colprlcaa 


For  word,  in   , .,  Dot  given  above  sec  dp,  adverb,  pa 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ©II;     Iu  =  feud;    dhin;    go;    n  =  aing;    thin,    this. 
841         2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,  burn;  611,  bfiy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


upcast 
usury 


crystalline  compound  contained  abundantly  in  urine  and 
which  carries  off  the  nitrogen  excreted  by  the  body.  [  < 
Gr.  ouron,  urine.) 
U-re'ter,  1  yu-rl'tar  or  yQ'ri-tar;  2  yu-re'ter  or  yu're-ter,  n. 
The  duct  by  which  urine  passes  from  the  kidney  to  the  blad- 
der or  the  cloaca.  [<  Gr.  oureter,  <  ouron,  urine.] 
u-re'thra,  1  yu-rl'fhra;  2  yu-re'thra,  n.  The  duct  by  which 
urine  is  discharged  from  the  bladder.  [L.,  <  Gr.  ourethra,  < 
ouron,  urine.) — u-re'tbral,  a. 
urge,  1  urj;  2  urg,  v.  [urged;  urg'ing.]  I.  '.  1.  To  press 
forward  with  force  in  any  direction;  drive;  impel,  2. 
To  press  strenuously  the  mind  or  will  of  (a  person),  as 
by  argument  or  importunity.  3.  To  press  earnestly 
upon  the  mind  the  doing,  consideration,  or  acceptance 
of  (a  belief,  plan,  argument,  petition,  etc.):  often  with 
upon.  4.  To  press  (movement,  action,  etc.)  with  haste; 
hasten;  hurry.  5.  To  follow  close;  press  hard  upon.  6. 
To  treat  with  powerful  means;  as,  to  urge  one  with  heat. 
II.  i.  1.  To  put  forth  arguments  or  claims.  2.  To  exer- 
cise impulsion;  stimulate;  animate.  3f.  To  press  on- 
ward. [<  L.  urgco,  press.)  Syn.:  see  actuate;  drive;  en- 
courage; persuade;  pique;  plead;  promote;  push;  quick- 
en; spur. — ur'gen-cy,  n.  1.  The  quality  of  being  urgent. 
?.  The  act  of  urging.  3.  Something  urgent.  Syn.:  see  ne- 
cessity.— ur'gent,  a.  Characterized  by  urging  or  impor- 
tunity; requiring  prompt  attention;  pressing;  imperative. 
Syn.:  importunate,  pertinacious,  pressing,  solicitous,  -ly,  adv. 
U-ri'ah,  1  yu-rai'a:   2  yu-ri'a,  n.     Bib.     A  Hittite  captain 

treacherously  sent  to  death  by  David.     2  Sam.  xi,  17. 
u'ric,  1  yu'rik;2  yu'ric,  a.  Chem.  Of ,  pertaining  to,  or  de- 
rived from  urine. — uric  acid,  a  white,  almost  insoluble 
compound,  occurring  in  small  quantities  in  urine. 
U'rl-el,  1  yu'n-el;  2  yu'ri-el,  n.    In  Milton's  Paradise  Lost,  an 

angel  who  is  represented  as  regent  of  the  sun. 
u'rim,  1  yu'nm;  2  yu'rim,  n.  pi.     1.  Objects  mentioned 
in  the  Old  Testament  (see  Ex.  xxviii,  30,  etc.)  in  con- 
nection with  the  breastplate  of  the  high  priest.     2.  Mor- 
mon Ch.  Sacred  instruments  used  by  seers  under  divine 
direction.    [  <  Heb.  urlm,  pi.  of  ur,  fire,  <  ur,  shine.] 
U'rine,  1  yu'nn;  2  yu'rin,  n.    A  pale=yellow  fluid  secreted 
from  the  blood  by  the  kidneys,  stored  in  the  bladder, 
and  voided  through  the  urethra.     [F.,   <  L.  urina.] — 
u'rl-nal,  n.   A  fixture  used  in  urinating,  or  a  place  provided 
with  such  appliances. — u'rl-nate,  ri.   [-nat*ed;  -nat"ing.) 
To  void  or  pass  urine. — u"ri-na'tlon,  n. — u'ri-na-ry,  a. 
— u'H-nous,  a. 
urn,  1  urn ;  2  urn,  n.    1.  A  rounded  or  angular  vase  having 
a  foot,  variously  used  in  antiquity  as  a  receptacle,  mea- 
sure, etc.     2.  Something  in  which  a  dead  body  or  its 
ashes  are  preserved;  hence,  a  grave.    3.  A  vase=shaped 
receptacle  having  a  faucet,  and  designed  for  keeping 
tea,  coffee,  etc.,  hot,  as  by  means  of  a  spirit'lamp.    [  < 
F.  urne,  <  L.  tirna,  <  uro,  burn.) 
u'ro-pod,  1  yu'ro-ped;  2  yu'ro-pod,  n.     An  abdominal  or 
caudal  limb  of  an  arthropod.     [  <  Gr.  oura,  tail,  +  pous,  foot] 
Ur'sa,  1  ur'sa;  2  ur'sa,  n.  [L.]  A  she  bear:  only  in  the  phrases, 
Ursa  Major  (the  Great  Bear,  a  large  northern  constellation 
containing  the  seven  conspicuous  stars  called  the  Septen- 
triones,  or  Dipper) :  U.  Minor  (the  Little  Bear,  a  northern 
constellation  including  the  pole=star).     See  constellation. 
ur'sine,  1  fir'sin  or  -sain;  2  ur'sin  or  -sin,  a.    1.  Pertaining 
to  or  like  a  bear,    ur'si-formj:.    2.  Clothed  with  dense 
bristles,  as  certain  caterpillars. 
Ur'su-line,  1  ur'siu-lin  or  -lain:  2  ur'su-lin  or  -Hn.  R.C.Ch.  I. 
a.    Pertaining  to  St.  Ursula  or  to  an  order  of  nuns  founded 
in  1537  by  St.  Angela  Mericl.    II.  n.    An  Ursullne  nun. 
ur'tl-cate,  1  ur'ti-ket;  2  ur'ti-eat,  r/.  &  ri.    [-cAT"EDd;  -cat*- 
ing.)  To  sting  as  with  nettles.  [  <  L.  urtica.  nettle,  <  uro,  burn.) 
L'ru.,  abbr.    Uruguay. 

U'ru-guay,  1  Q'ru-gwe;  2  u'ru-gwa.  n.    1.  A  South-American 

republic;  72.153  Sq.  m.;  pop.  1.346.161;  capital.  Montevideo. 

2.  A  river  in  S.  E.  South  America:  931  in.  to  the  Plata  river. 

u'rus,  1  yu'rus;  2  yu'rus.  n.    An  extinct  European  wild  OX. 

us,  1   us;  2  lis,  prim.     The  objective  case  plural  of  the 

personal  pronoun  of  the  first  person  |  <  AS,  us.] 
U.  S.,  abbr.  Uncle  Sam,  United  States.  —  U.  S.  A.,  abbr. 
United  States  Army,  United  States  of  America,  Union  of 
south  Africa.— V.  S.  C.,  nhbr.  United  states  of  Colombia, 
use,  1  1  yuz;  2  yu*,  ».  [iimkd;  i  s'i\-<;,|  I.  I.  1.  To  em- 
uzep, J  ploy  for  the  accompliahmenl  oi  a  purpose;  make 
use  of.  2.  To  put  into  practise;  make  a  practise  of.  3. 
To  conduct  oneself  toward;  treat ;  as,  to  ust  one  badly, 
4.  To  make  familiar  by  habit  or  practise;  accustom; 
inure.  II.  i  To  do  a  thing  customarily  or  habitually; 
be  accustomed:  now  always  In  the  past.  Syn.:  see  employ; 
exercise;  occupy.  — us 'a-bl («■'•,  a.  Such  as  can  be  used. 
use'a-bKct.  us'a-bl(e-ness'',  usc'a-blic-iicssi',  n. — 
un'a-My,ni/i  us  'age, n.  1.  The  manner  of  using  or  treat- 
ing a  person  or  thing.    I.  Customary  or  habitual  practise;  a 

custom.    3.  drum.  ,V  h'hil .  A  use  of  words  or  forms  a.s  sanc- 
tioned or  unsanctioned  by  reputable  authorities.     S.vri.;  see 


habit.— us'ance,  n.  I.  Com.  A  period  of  time  allowed  for 
payment  of  foreign  bills  of  exchange.  2||.  Employment; 
use.  3t.  Interest  on  money.  4f.  Custom. 
use,  1  yQs;  2  yus,  n.  1.  The  act  of  using;  application  to  an 
end.  2.  Suitableness  or  adaptability  to  an  end;  service- 
ableness.  3.  Occasion  or  need  to  employ;  necessity.  4. 
Habitual  practise  or  employment;  custom;  usage.  5||. 
Ordinary  experience  or  occurrence.  6f.  The  applica- 
tion of  a  sermon.  7f.  Usury.  [  <  OF.  us,  <  L.  usus, 
<  usus,  pp.  of  utor,  use.)  Syn.:  see  custom;  habit;  occu- 
pation; service;  utility.— use'ful,  a.  Serving  a  use  or 
purpose;  beneficial.  Syn.:  adapted,  advantageous,  availa- 
ble, beneficial,  conducive,  convenient,  favorable,  good,  help- 
ful, profitable,  salutary,  serviceable,  suitable,  suited.  See 
convenient;  expedient;  good.  Compare  utility.— Ant.: 
see  synonyms  for  useless,  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n. 
use'less,  1  yus'les;  2  yus'les,  a.  Being  of  no  use;  not  serving, 
or  not  capable  of  serving,  any  beneficial  purpose. 

Syn.:  abortive,  bootless,  fruitless,  futile,  ineffectual, 
nugatory,  null,  profitless,  unavailing,  unprofitable,  unser- 
viceable, vain,  valueless,  worthless.  That  which  is  bootless, 
fruitless,  or  profitless  fails  to  accomplish  any  valuable  result; 
that  which  Is  abortive,  ineffectual,  or  unavailing  falls  to 
accomplish  a  result  that  it  was,  or  was  supposed  to  be, 
adapted  to  accomplish.  That  which  is  useless,  futile,  or 
vain  Is  inherently  incapable  of  accomplishing  a  specified 
result.  Useless  in  the  widest  sense  signifies  not  of  use  for 
any  valuable  purpose,  and  is  thus  closely  similar  to  value- 
less and  worthless.  Fruitless  is  more  final  than  ineffectual, 
as  applying  to  the  sum  or  harvest  of  endeavor.  That  which 
is  useless  lacks  actual  fitness  for  a  purpose;  that  which  Is 
vain  lacks  imaginable  fitness.  See  vain;  waste.— Ant:  see 
synonyms  for  useful.  —  use'less-Iy,  adv.  —  use'less- 
ness,  n. 
us'er1, 1  yuz'ar;  2  yus/Sr,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  uses. 
us'er2,  n.  Law.  The  exercise  or  enjoyment  of  a  right. 
Ush'ant,  1  usTi'ant;  2  ush'ant,  n.    Island  off  N.  W.  France,  26 

by  4>4  m.,  where  English  defeated  French  June  1,  1794. 
ush'er,  1  usVar;  2  ush'er.  I.  vt.  To  attend  as  an  usher; 
serve  as  a  forerunner  or  harbinger  of;  introduce:  fol- 
lowed by  in  or  forth.  II.  n.  1.  One  who  acts  as  door- 
keeper, conducts  persons  to  seats,  etc.,  as  in  a  church 
or  theater.  2.  [Eng.]  An  under=teacherjn  a  school.  [  < 
L.°f  ostiarius,  <  ostium,  door.] 
Ush'er,  1  usli'ar;  2  ush'er,  James  (1581-1656).     Protestant 

archbishop  of  Armagh,  author  of  Chronology  of  the  Bible. 
Usk,  1  usk;  2  usk,  n.    A  river  in  S.  W.  Wales;  length,  70  m. 
U.  S.  M.,  abbr.    United  States  Mail,  United  States  Marines. 
— U.  S.  M.  A.,  abbr.     United  States  Military  Academy  — 
U.  S.  N.,  abbr.    United  States  Navy.— U.  S.  N.  A.,  abbr. 
United  States  Naval  Academy.— U.  S.  P.,  U.  S.  Pharm., 
abbr.     United  States  Pharmacopoeia. 
us'que-baugb§,  1  us'kwi-ba  or  -be;  2  us'kwe-bii  or  -ba,  n.    A 
distilled  spirit,  as  whisky:  so  called  in  Ireland  and  Scotland. 
[  <  Ir.  &  Gael,  uisgebeatha,  <  uisge,  water,  +  bealha,  life.) 
U.    S.    S.,    abbr.  United  States  Senate,  United  States  ship. 

United  States  steamer. 
us'tion,  1  us'clian;  2  us'chon,  n.    The  act  of  burning,  or  the 
state  of  being  burnt;  specifically,  cauterization  by  burning. 
[  <  L.  ustio(n-),  <  ustus,  pp.  of  uro,  burn.] 
usu.,  abbr.    Usual,  usually. 

u'su-al,    )  1  yu'ju-al;  2  yu'zhu-al,  a.    Such  as  occurs  in 
u'zu-alp,  )  the  ordinary  course  of  events;  frequent;  com- 
mon.   [  <  L.p  usualis,  <  usus,  use.] 

Syn.:  accustomed,  common,  customary,  every»day,  famil- 
iar, frequent,  general,  habitual,  normal,  ordinary,  prevail- 
ing, prevalent,  regular,  wonted.  In  strictness,  common  and 
general  apply  to  the  greater  number  of  individuals  in  a  class; 
but  both  words  are  in  good  use  as  applying  to  the  greater 
number  of  instances  in  a  series,  so  that  it  is  possible  to 
speak  of  one  person's  common  practise  or  general  custom, 
tho  ordinary  or  usual  would  In  such  case  be  preferable.  See 
common;  frequent;  general;  habitual;  normal. — Ant.: 
exceptional,  extraordinary,  Infrequent,  out«of«the-way,  rare, 
singular,  strange,  uncommon,  unusual. — u'su-al-Iy,  adv. — 
u'su-al-ness,  n. 
u'su-fruct,  1  yu'su-frukt;  2  yu'zhu-fruct,  n.  The  right 
of  using  the  property  of  another  and  of  drawing  tho 
profits  it  produces  without  wasting  its  substance.  [  < 
l,  usus,  use,  +  fruclus,  fruit.)  —  u"sii-fruc'tu-a-ry,  a.  &  n. 
U'su-rer,  1  yu'jii-ror;  2  yu'zhy-rer,  n.    One  who  practises 

usury. 
U-surp'',  1  yu-zurp';  2  yu-surp',  vt.  To  seize  and  hold 
without  right  or  legal  authority;  take  or  assume  arro- 
gantly. ( <  L.*  usurpo,  use,  <  U8U8,  use,  -f-  rapio, 
seize.]  Syn.:  see  assume.— u"sur-pa'ilon,  h. -  u-surp'er, 
».  —  u-surp'liiK-ly,  adv. 
u'su-ry,  1  yu'.-ju-n;  2  yu'zhu-ry,  n.  [-nu:sz,  pi.)  1.  The 
taking  of  a  rate  of  interest  beyond  what  is  allowed  by 
law.  2.  Originally,  interest  in  general,  3.  A  premium 
paid  lor  the  use  of  money  beyond  tin-  rate  of  interest 

established  by  law.    (<  L."F  uaura,  <  usus,  use] — 


u-«u   rl-..u>. 


Ml.  |»illee:    a  0        "t.flr;   full,  role;   li|i(,t>Orn; 

i  *t.ail.  iu*\  g*t.  pr«y.  f*ru;  hli.l        i  i  .->    a.im.mK      MI 


ul  .11.-1 

i 

I      llh. 


U-ll'll  ' 


-ll . 
II    -     »  . 

'  IT f 

tl     I.T-II-.  .'    -I.    pi.] 

II     (<T-lll    <■     .  I  [tO  till' 

llfTerenl  Father 
l  i  fir, i.  ibode  ot 

•  rial  surrounds 

i  i  k.ir.i  i  u'ki.  \n  Invulnerable 

~i>n   in   r  [father  Ol  \rthur. 

I    l  her,  nthu-y  king  of  Britain; 

I    n-<  i.  i 

■  city  nf  Africa. 

U-tlt  'f-C  >  .  ;■!]     I. 

i  rvioe- 
.'. 
lie  natural  needs  "f  man. 
■  kind;  t  h<-  p 
2    I  tilitarianisrn. 
use  1 
laoMB.  avail,  benefit,  ex- 

•    fllllll-v-i 

■I   philosophical  llian 

adapta- 
le  result,  while  use/Ulneta  denotes 

the  a  beauty 

and  •■.  a  Invention,  iw  uiuuv  is  Question- 

able, I  een  proved  by 

ample  trial  ind  It  of  km;  still,  utility  ai 

■•'1      Expediency  (literally, 
the  R'  primarily  to  escape  fr..m 

or  avoldanre  of  some  difficulty  or  trouble;  either 

considered  apart  from  r :.  round  at  moral  obli- 

gation, or  of  actions  that  have  a  moral  character,  expedir 
lenotlng  Imn.-  ted  view, 

and  e»p«-ciall>  with  r.-r.-.  :.■  ■■•  to  avoiding  danger,  difficulty, 
or  loss,  while  utility  may  be  so  broadened  a*  to  cover  all 
exist.  ^11  lime,  as  In  the  utilitarian  thi 

.  kindred  sense,  nior.-  DOBl- 

■- , .  but   narrower  than  utility,  as  In  the 

prov.  ■  ■•'/  "    See  PBorrr:  service. 

• 
roetpedlency.  inutility.  unproflt:i  BnesB,  worth- 

lessneaR— u-tin-ta'rl-an.  I.  a  1-  Relating  to  utility ; 
especially,  placing  utility  above  l>eauty  or  the  ami  a 

advocating  utilitarianism.     II.  n, 
•  rial  utility;  an  advocate  of  utili- 
tarianism-—u-tll"l-ta'rl-an-lsm,  n.     1.  Phil        I 
that  holds  utility  of  some  kind  to  he  the  end  and  criterion  ol 
all  action.  Including  moral  action.     Z.  Devotion  to  mere 


i.ii  iiiiihy      ii  mi/.  .  m  :.     rs'iNC.  i    To  make 

roiini      u'ttl-lsel . 
ii  Ill-la         i      .  i.i  •   .  d     ii"cii-i-*»':..r  •u'lUon.  a 
in  moat,  I,        I.  Of  the  I 

'.'.  n.  no-  vi  the  i 
hiur  II.         I.TI     .  ■•  .-•    Ipoaail  ile 

itn  me  boundarj      I  •    Afl   ut,  out,    t 

I  ND 

i  -t"  pi-.i.  I.  An  Imaginary 

island,  the  •■••ii  ..i  an  ideally  p  ind  political 

life;  described  bj  8ii  Thomas  Mora  in  ■  romanoi 

i  place  "i  ideal  perfection     |  •   <  !r  ou, 
not,  I  -in'pi-nii.    I.  .1      I.  Pertali 

or  llki  .11. -ut.  but  exist  lug  only  In  fancy 

or  theory;  Ideal     II.  a     I.  A  dweller  In  Utopia     l.ju 

; ■■  ictlcable  refo 
imm.iviiii       il-tii'pl-an-lMil,  n.     lllghh  optimistic  Vli-UH 

i    ir.  i  iii.  I'trti  t,  n      \  eltj  ol  central  Nether- 

lands; pop    180.000;  treaty  signed  bare  ending  the  wars  of 

!   11.   17  U 
tl   Irl-,  li-.    1    ...iin  tl     :•    .u'trl-il.    n       I.     IIUil.   A  cell  of  an 

animal  or  plant  '.'.  Anal  \  small  saclike  cavity  found  in 
the  Internal  ear  I.  Bol  ii>  A  sinaJl  fruit  having  an  Inflated 
pericarp, as  In  the  pigweed  (I)  \n  alr*oeU,  as  in  certain 
aquatic  plant-.     (8)  \  large  cell  In  the  leal  ol  peaumossei 

I  I     ulrirulus,  dim    of  ulir.  skin  bag  1 

ut  sop.,  '  rupra  (as  ah 

iii'ter.  t'|.  ro  give  out  or  send  forth 

with  audible  sound  8.  To  say  publicly;  put  in  circula- 
tion. S.  To  isaueor  deliver  toanotherfoounterfeit  money, 

with  intent  to  defraud     4  .  To  give  forth; 
St.  To  reach  out.    |<  AS.  tuian,  put  out,  <  ut,  out  J 

Syn.:  see  SPEAK,      ut 'ler-a-hlie1',  a,      III  'tcr-cr,  u 

tii'irr,  i  i.  Realised  ..r  developed  to  the  last  degree; 
absolute;  total;  as,  utter  misery.  2.  Being  or  done  with- 
out roni lit  i.ms  or  qualification;  unqualified.  .'1  .  Outer; 
remote.   I-  oompar.  of  ut,  out.] — ut'tcr-ly, 

adv. — after-most,  a  \  n     Bameas  dtmoot. 

ut 'ttT-iiiice',  1  rrt'er-ena;  2  ut'er-anc,  »,  1.  The  act  of 
uttering;  vocal  expression;  also,  the  power  of  speech.  2. 
A  think'  uttered  or  expressed 
Syn.:  see  ami  \hk. 

ut'ter-anoe'  ,n.    The  bitter  end 
[Yar  of  ot  iimnck.) 

u'va,  1  yQ'va;  2  yu'va,  n.  A  suc- 
culent frui t  having  a 
central  placenta,  a*  a 
grape  TL.,  grape.)  — 
u'va«ur"sl,  1  Or'si;  2 
ur'sl.n.  A  trailing  plant 
having  small  shiny  red 
lierTles  which  are  said 
to  be  eaten  by  bears.  — u've-a,  n.  The  dark  portion  of  the 
his  ami  of  the  choroid  coat  of  the  eye.—  u've-al, a.—  u've- 
ous.i;.   Resembling  a  grape  or  cluster  of  grapes. 

ti'vu-la,   1   yu'viu-la;  2  yu'vii-la,   n.     1.  The  pendent 
fleshy  portion  of  the  soft  palate.    2.  .4naf.  Kit  her  of  two 
Other  similar  processes,  as  that  on  the  under  side  of  the 
helium.     [<  L.  i/rn,  grape.]  — u'vu-lar,  a. 

in.,  dbbr.    (L.)    r/sorfwlfe 

ui-o'rl-al,  1  uks-o'ri-al;  2  uks-0'rl-al,  a.  1.  Of,  pertaining  to, 
or  becoming  tO  one's  wife.     2.  1/xorlous.     (<   L.  uxor,  wile  ] 

iii-or'l-clde,  1  nks-ir'i-sald;  2  uks-flrM-cId,  n.  1.  Wife- 
murder.  2.  One  who  murders  his  wife.  [  <  L.  uxor,  wife. 
+  c&do.  kill] 

ux-o'rl-ous,  1  uks-f/n-us;  2  uks-o'ri-iis,  a.  Extrava- 
gantly or  foolishly  devoted  to  one's  wife.  [<  L. 
uxorlus.  <  uxor,  wife.)    -ly.  adr.    -ness,  n. 


V  v  Roman.         "\j    )]    i  V    V    Ban.pt. 

\   .  v .   1   vi;  2  vt.  n  1  viz:  2  vto,  pi  ]     A 

■  L'!i-h  alpha) 
\  .  i .  two  pieces  at  an  acute 

\  ee  .    'i.  [Colloq  , 
A  nv«-do!Iar  bill. 
\  volunteers.— 

T.,  'I' 

live,  volume      i..  >ii..  -  "'    Verb. 
— t..  rid.,  I     \-.  after      \  Icar 

[and]  Albert. 
Vol',-  i    n.,abtn    Verl  iladjeo- 

\a.,   nhi,r. 

Virginia  (OtB  orange  river 

Vaal,  '  '  '  south  Africa:  length.  700  m 


va'rant,  1  ve'kant;  2  va'cant,  a.    1.  Containing  or  hold- 
ing  nothing;  devoid  of  occupants;  empty,    'i.  Not  occu- 
pied; unemployed.    3.  Without  thought  or  expression; 
dull     4.  [laving  no  incumbent, 

D  office  |I'\,  <  \..  varan (t-)«,  ppr.of  vaco,  be  empty.] 
Syn,:  blank,  empty,  unemployed,  unfilled,  unoccupied, 
vaCUOUS,  void,  waste.  That  Is  empty  which  contains 
nothing ;  that  I-  lacanl  which  Is  without  that  which  has 
filled  or  might  be  expected  to  till  It;  vacant  lias  extensive 
reference  to  rights  or  poaslbllltles  of  occupancy.  A  vacant 
room  may  not  be  empty,  and  an  empty  house  may  not  be 
<nrnnt.  Vacant,  as  derived  from  the  Latin,  Is  applied  to 
of  some  dignity:  empty,  from  the  Saxon,  Is  preferred 
In  speaking  Ol  slight,  common,  or  homely  matters,  tho 
It  may  be  applied  with  specfcil  force  to  the  highest;  we 
speak  of  empty  space,  a  vacant  lot,  an  empty  dish,  an  empty 
sleeve,  a  vacant  mind,  an  empty  heart,  an  empty  boast,  a 


1:  a  =  final;    i=-hablt^    aisle;    au  —  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    t}~sing;    ftain,   this. 
843       2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot:  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  Oil,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


U.  S.  V. 
valet 


vacant  office,  a  meant  hour.  Void  and  devoid  are  rarely 
used  In  the  literal  sense,  but  for  the  most  part  confined  to 
abstract  relations,  devoid  being  followed  by  of,  and  having 
with  that  addition  the  effect  of  a  prepositional  phrase;  as, 
the  article  is  devoid  of  sense;  the  contract  is  void  for  want  of 
consideration.  Waste,  in  this  connection,  applies  to  that 
which  is  made  so  by  devastation  or  ruin,  or  gives  an  im- 
pression of  desolation,  especially  as  combined  with  vastness, 
probably  from  association  of  the  words  tvaste  and  vast: 
waste  is  applied  also  to  uncultivated  or  unproductive  land, 
if  of  considerable  extent;  we  speak  of  a  waste  tract  or  region, 
but  not  of  a  waste  city  lot.  Vacuous  refers  to  the  condition 
of  being  empty  or  vacant,  regarded  as  continuous  or  charac- 
teristic. See  blank;  idle. — Ant.:  brimful,  brimmed,  brim- 
ming, busy,  crammed,  crowded,  filled,  full,  gorged,  inhab- 
ited, jammed,  occupied,  overflowing,  packed,  replete. — va'- 
can-cy,  n.  [-ciesz,  pi.]  1.  The  state  of  being  vacant.  2. 
That  which  is  vacant;  a  gap;  a  place  destitute  of  an  incum- 
bent.   3.  Unoccupied  time;  leisure. — va'cant-ly,  adv. 

va'cate,  1  ve'ket;  2  va'cat,  v.  [vA'cAT-EDd;  va'cat-ing] 
I.  t.  1.  To  make  vacant;  surrender  possession  of  by 
removal.  2.  To  set  aside;  annul.  II.  i.  To  give  up; 
quit;  leave.  Syn.:  see  cancel  —  va-ca'tion,  n.  1.  An 
intermission  of  activity,  employment,  or  stated  exercises, 
as  for  recreation;  a  holiday.  2.  The  act  of  vacating.  3. 
The  time  during  which  an  office  is  vacant. 

vac'cin(eB,  1  vak'sin  or  -sin;  2  vac'cin  or  -gin.  I.  a.  1. 
Pertaining  to  cows.  2.  Pertaining  to  cowpox.  II.  n. 
The  virus  of  cowpox,  as  prepared  for  vaccination.  [  < 
F.  vaccin,  <  L.  vaccinus,  <  vacca,  cow.] — vac'ci-nate,  vt. 
[-NAT*EDd;  -nat"ing.]  To  perform  the  operation  of  vaccina- 
tion upon. — vae"ci-na'tioii,  n.  Inoculation  with  cowpox 
as  a  preventive  of  smallpox. — vac'ci-na"tor,  n. — vac-cin'- 
I-a,  n.  Med.  The  cowpox.     vac-ci'nai. 

vac'il-late,  1  vas'i-let;  2  vac'i-lat,  vi.  [-LAT"EDd;  -lath- 
ing.] To  fluctuate  in  mind;  waver.  [  <~L.vaccilatus,  pp. 
of  vacillo,  waver]  Syn.:  see  fluctuate. — vac'il-laf'ing, 
pa.     vac'il-lantf;  vac'il-la-to-ry}.— vac"il-la'tlon,  n. 

va-cu'i-ty,  1  va-kiu'i-ti;  2  va-eu'i-ty,  n.  [-tiesz,  pi.]  1. 
The  state  of  being  a  vacuum;  emptiness.  2.  Vacant 
space;  a  void.  3.  Freedom  from  mental  exertion;  idle- 
ness. 4.  Lack  of  intelligence;  stupidity.  5.  Nothing- 
ness.    [  <  L.F  vacuitas,  <  vacuus,  empty.] 

vac'u-ole,  1  vak'yu-51;  2  vac'yu-61,  re.  Biol.  A  minute  cavity 
containing  air,  a  watery  fluid,  etc.,  found  In  an  organ,  tissue, 
or  cell.     [F.,  <  L.  vacuum;  see  vacuum.] 

vac'u-ous,  1  vak'yu-us;  2  vae'yu-us,  a.  1.  Having  no 
contents;  especially,  containing  no  matter;  empty.  2. 
Lacking  Intelligence;  blank.    Syn.:  see  vacant. 

vac'u-um,  1  vak'yu-um;  2  vae'yu-um,  n.  [-umsz  or  -u-a, 
pi.]  1.  Theoretically,  a  space  absolutely  devoid  of  mat- 
ter; ordinarily,  a  space  from  which  the  air  has  been  ex- 
hausted to  a  very  high  degree.  2.  Loosely,  a  partial 
diminution  of  the  normal  atmospheric  pressure.  [L.,  < 
vacuus,  empty.]— vac'u-umsgage",  n.  A  gage  containing 
mercury  for  testing  the  pressure  consequent  on  producing  a 
vacuum,  as  In  a  condenser. — \  pump,  n.  A  pump  used 
for  raising  a  liquid  by  means  of  the  vacuum  formed  by  the 
condensation  of  steam  in  a  closed  vessel  communicating 
with  the  source  of  supply. — v.* tube,  n.    See  tube. 

vadet,  vi.    To  fade;  wither;  pass  away. 

va'de»me'cum,  1  ve'di'mi'kum;  2  va'de-me'eum,  n.  Any- 
thing carried  for  constant  use,  as  a  manual  or  guidebook. 
[L.,  lit.  'go  with  me.-] 

vag'a-bond,  1  vag'a-bond;  2  vag'a-bond.  I.  o.  1.  Per- 
taining to  a  vagabond.  2.  Having  no  definite  residence; 
wandering.  3.  Aimless.  II.  n.  1.  One  who  wanders 
from  place  to  place  without  visible  means  of  support;  a 
tramp.  2.  One  without  a  settled  home;  a  wanderer; 
nomad.  3.  [Colloq.]  A  worthless  fellow;  rascal.  [F., 
<  L.  vagabundus,  <  vagus,  wandering.]— vag'a-bond"age, 
n.  The  state  or  condition  of  a  vagabond.  vag'a-bond"ryt. 
— vag'a-bond"lsh,  a.  —  vag'a-bond"lsm,  re. 

va-ga'ry,  1  ve-gS'n;  2  va-ga'ry,  n.  [-iukhz,  pi,]  A  wild 
fancy;  extravagant  notion.  [<  L.  vanari,  inf.  of  vayor, 
wander]    Syn.:  see  fancy;  whim. 

va-gl'na,  1  va-Jal'na;  2  va-gl'na,  n.  \-kir,  pi.]  1.  A  sheath  or 
sheath-like  covering.  2.  The  canal  leading  from  the  exter- 
nal genital  orifice  to  the  uterus.  3.  The  terminal  portion 
of  the  oviduct  of  various  Invertebrates.  4.  Hut.  A  tubular 
part  surrounding  another,  as  the  basal  portion  of  a  leal 
around  a  stem.  [L.l  —  vag'l-nal,  1  val'l-nal  or  va-Jul'nal; 
2  vag'l-nal  or  va-g!'nal,  a.  1.  Pertaining  (0  or  like  a 
sheath.  2.  Pertaining  to  the  vagina.  vag'l-natr,  o. 
1.  Having  a  sheath.  2.  Formed  Into  a  sheath;  tubular. 
vag'l-nat"edf. 

va 'grant,  1  ve'grant;  2  va'grant.  I.  a.  1.  Wandering 
about  as  a  vagrant.  2.  Pertaining  to  one  who  or  that 
which  wanders.    3.  Having  a  wandering  course.     II.  n. 

1.  A  person  without  a  settled  home;  an  idle  wanderer, 

2.  A  roving  person;  wanderer.    [  <  L.0'  vaaran(l-)s,  ppr. 


of  ragor,  wander.] — va'gran-cy,  re.  The  state  or  condition 
of  a  vagrant,    va'grant-nessf. — va'grant-ly,  adv. 

va'gromt,  a.    Vagrant. 

vague,  1  veg;  2  vag,  o.  1.  Lacking  definiteness  or  pre- 
cision. 2.  Of  uncertain  source.  3.  Not  clearly  recog- 
nized. 4I|.  Roving;  vagrant.  [F.,  <L.  vagus,  wandering.] 
Syn.:  ambiguous,  dim,  doubtful,  dreamy,  indefinite,  in- 
determinate, indistinct,  lax,  loose,  obscure,  unauthorized, 
uncertain,  undetermined,  unsettled,  unwarranted. — vague'- 
ly,  adv. — vague'ness,  re. 

vaig,  1  veg;  2  vag.  [Scot.]  I.  vi.  To  wander.  II.  n.  A  wan- 
derer.   [  <  L.  vagus,  wandering.] 

vail1,  v.  &  n.    Same  as  veil. 

vail2.  I.!).  [Poet.]  To  avail.  II.  n.  1.  [Local.  Eng.]  A  gratu- 
ity or  tip;  a  perquisite,  often  corrupt:  usually  plural.  2t- 
A  windfall.  3t.  Avails;  proceeds;  profit.  [Short  for  avail.] 
valet. — vall'a-blef,  a.    Profitable;  of  advantage. 

vail3t.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  let  fall;  lower,  as  the  topsail,  in  salute; 
doff,  as  the  hat;  yield;  give  place.  lit-  n.  Submission;  defer- 
ence.    [<  F.  avaler,  lower,  <  L.  ad,  to,  4-  vallis,  valley.] 

vain,  1  ven;  2  van,  a.  1.  Elated  with  self*admiration ; 
greedy  of  applause.  2.  Characterized  by  frivolity.  3. 
Ostentatious;  showy:  said  of  things.  4.  Unproductive; 
empty;  unreal.     [F.,   <  L.  vanus,  empty.] 

Syn.:  abortive,  baseless,  bootless,  deceitful,  delusive, 
dreamy,  empty,  fruitless,  futile,  idle,  inconstant,  ineffectual, 
light,  profitless,  shadowy,  trifling,  trivial,  unavailing,  un- 
important, unreal,  unsatisfying,  unsubstantial,  useless, 
vapid,  worthless.  Vain  (L.  vanus,  empty)  keeps  the  etymo- 
logical idea  through  all  changes  of  meaning;  a  vain  endeavor 
is  empty  of  result,  or  of  adequate  power  to  produce  a  result,  a 
vain  pretension  is  empty  or  destitute  of  support,  a  vain  per- 
son has  a  conceit  that  is  empty  or  destitute  of  adequate 
cause  or  reason.  See  useless. — Ant.:  effective,  efficient, 
firm,  potent,  powerful,  real,  solid,  sound,  substantial,  valid, 
valuable,  worthy. — in  vain,  to  no  purpose;  without  effect. 
— vain'Iy,  adv.— vain'ness,  re.— vain-glo'ry,  re.  Exces- 
sive or  groundless  vanity;  also,  vain  pomp.  Syn.:  see  pride. 
— vain-glo'ri-ous,  a.   -ly,  adv.   -ness,  n. 

valrt,  1  var;  2  var,  n.  1.  Her.  One  of  the  furs:  represented  by 
rows  of  small  shield»shaped  figures.  2f.  A  fur  used  for  the 
garments  of  the  nobility  (14th  century).  [F.,  <  LL.  varius, 
ermine,  <  L.  varius,  spotted.]    weref. 

val.,  abbr.    Value. 

val'ance,  1  varans;  2  val'anc,  vt.  [val'anced;  val'anc-ino.] 
To  furnish  with  or  as  with  valance,  or  a  valance,    val'encet. 

val'ance,  1  varans;  2  val'anc,  n.  1.  Hanging  drapery,  as  for 
a  bedstead.  2.  A  damask  furniture-covering.  va-len'cl-aj ; 
va-len 'ti-a  J.    [Prob.  <  Valence,  a  town  in  France.] 

vale1,  1  vel;  2  val,  n.  1.  A  valley:  now  chiefly  poetical.  2.  A 
channel.    [  <  L.f  vallis,  vale.]    Syn.:  see  valley. 

vale2,  re.    Same  as  vail8. 

va'le,  1  ve'li;  2  va'le,  inter] .  Literally,  be  in  good  health; 
farewell;  adieu.    [L.,  imper.  of  valeo,  be  well.] 

val"e-dic'tion,  1  val"i-dik'slian;  2  val"e-dic'shon,  n.  A 
bidding  farewell.  [  <  L.  vale,  farewell,  -f-  dico,  say.] 
Syn.:  see  farewell.— val"e-dic-to'rl-an,  re.  One  who  de- 
livers a  valedictory. — val"e-dlc'to-ry.  I.  a.  Pertaining 
to  a  leave-taking,  n.  re.  [-riesz,  pi.]  A  parting  address,  as 
by  a  member  (ordinarily  the  first  in  rank)  of  a  graduating 
class.    Syn.:  see  farewell. 

valence,  1  ve'lens;  2  va'lenc,  n.  Chem.  1.  The  property 
possessed  by  elements  or  radicals  of  combining  with  or 
replacing  other  elements  or  radicals  in  definite  and  con- 
stant proportion.  2.  The  degree  of  this  property,  com- 
monly indicated  by  the  number  of  monad  elements,  rep- 
resented by  hydrogen,  with  which  the  atom  or  radical 
can  combine,  or  which  it  can  replace.  [  <  L.  valentia, 
strength,  <  L.  valen(l-)s;  see  valiant.] — va'len-cy,  n. 
[-ciEs7-,  pi.]  Chem.  1.  Same  as  valence.  2.  A  unit  of  com- 
bining capacity. 

Va-len 'cl-a,  1  va-len'sru-a  or  (Sp.)  va-len'fhl-a;  2  va-len'shl-a 
or  (Sp.)  va-len' thl-ii,  n.  1.  Moorish  kingdom  In  E.  Spain;  an- 
nexed by  Aragon  In  1238.  2.  Its  former  capital,  a  seaport  In  E. 
Spain;  pop.  233,300.    3.  A  city,  N.  Venezuela;  pop.  40.000. 

Va-len"cleiiiies\  1  va'loh"syen';  2  V&'lah'cy6n',  n.  A  flue 
bobbiii'lace  now  made  at  Brussels.  [<  Vuli  ncunins,  a 
town  In  France.) 

Va'lens,  1  ve'lenz;  2  va'lens.  Flavins  (328-378).  A  Roman 
emperor  of  the  East;  supported  Arlanlsm. 

val 'en- tine,  1  val'en-tain;  2  val'8n-tln,  n.  I.  \  letter  or 
token  sent  on  St,  Valentine's  day  (Feb.  14),  as  indicat- 
ing regard,  or  sometimes  ridicule.    '!•  A  sweetheart. 

Val"en-(ln'l-an,  1  val'en-tln'i-en;  ;i  v&I'eh  Bn'l  ah,  r».  One 
of  three  Roman  emperors:  (1)  V.I.  (321-375).  (2)  V.  II. 
(371-392).     (3)  V.  III.  (419-455).     Val"cn-tln"l-a'iiiis  • 

va-lc'ri-an,  1  va-li'n-an;  2  va-lr'ri-nn,  n  An  Old  World 
perennial  herb  with  small  pink  or  white  Bowers  and  a 
etrong,  peculiar  odor;  also,  its  root:  used  in  medicine.  [F.] 

Va-le'rl-an,  1  ve-U'n-Bn;  3  vu-le'rl-an,  I'ublliis  Mrlnius 
(      -7260),    a  Roman  emperor;  captured  by  the  Persians, 

val 'el,  1  val'et  or  val'v;  2  val'et  or  val'<;.     n.    1.  A  gentle- 


Valella 


I 


I  i  n        B        but.  I'ftrn; 

.1         .    ..        v      <         ii       i  i  ••     <•    i".  »oii.     s44 


■ 


i 


*  al-htl  U. 


».«l   Id, 


inlirin 
about 

•I  II   ill-n  i-r  i 

>  ii  ,  -i ii  .11-111  rl  ■■  lim.  .     »al~- 

>  ii  .  ■' 

i 

..  \ 

or  mi'- 
Val-hal't. 

1 .  -■  •  >ng  and  i ii- 

I  with 

■  ppr 

-i> .  - 1 1 >  — . 

i .  •  ■••  i  li.it  can 

I     ■  Hi  Tllll.       [< 

»ua,  efficient, 
rutable.   Just,   logical. 
Illy.  Soe 
•  -  for  \mn      ».il  l-ii.ii.  . 

.   <!.  ratify  and  confirm    S.vn.: 
i  i-n  i  i-t>.       \.ii  iii-i>.  ral1d-nem.fi 

ra-IL«   . 

[F.j 
\  ..  n.    a  city  In  N    « 

tii!n  r.  I'll 
. -.  'i      [VAL-KTR'l-EB,  1  val-klr'i-Iz; 
2  vii-kfri-ea.  p>  One  of  the  maidens  who 

carry'  the  souls  of  the  slain  to  Valhalla  and  there  attend  them 
at  bar..]  \al-k>  r  l-a:;  \»l-k>  r  l-i  val-kyr'i-an,  a 

Valla  da  Bd',  ;  •.  ii'ya-mo-iitti  o-Hth',  n.    A 

Spain;  pop.  71.100;  residence  ol 
taken   by   the 
.       ;    1818. 
taJ-U'timi-.  \  rampart.     |<   I.,  rallum,  wall] — val'la- 

la)  t|    .  to  a  rampart. 

ral  I' ■>  ■  l.  \  depi  earth's 

through  which  a  stream  flows;  level  oi 
;.  Arch.  (1)   The  gutter  or 
f  two  roof*slopes. 

a  •■•■ii  vault»ridges  as 

j  <  F.  asuee,  <  vul,  <  L.  zailis,  vale, 

vail-  ..•'.  dell,  dingle,  glen,  gorge,  gulch, 

\  ii  i.>  Forge.  A  village  In  8  i    Pennsylvania,  where  the  Rev- 

Intec  ol  1777-1778. 

\  al'lum-bro'-a.  1    val'em-bro'ss;  :.'   val'Om-bri'sa.   n.     A 

famed  fur  Its  beautiful  woods. 

'Iw6';  2  va'lwi',  n     a  i  rench  dynasty;  began 

Philip  VI. of  Valote,  ended  with  Henry  III.,  15*9. 

ral'aHr,  I      ..'or.  2  \      it,   .      Intrepid  courage;  personal 

[<    l.I."r  tiilur,    <   I,    taUo,   be 

stroiu.       tal'uur:.     QPXL:  BM  COUEAGE;  PROWESS. — val'or- 

iiu>.  :ant      Syn_*  see  BRAVE.—  val'or- 

,,u  —  1) .  lal   nr-i.u--ii.  - 

ml   ..r-i-/  i  '(inn.  i  1  val'or-i-ze'shan;  2  val'or-i-za'shon, 
i.il  nr-l-<i'ti(in,  j  n      The  mai  I  an  artificial 

roduct  by  governmental  interference. 
.  je.J 
>al"pa-r  il-i.  'i>*-rai'so  or -rat'zo;  2  val'pa-rl'so  m  -d'so, 

inake,  auk.  16,  1906;  pop.191,100 
Tal'ue,  1  val'yu;  2  val'yu.     I.  p£     [vAl/l  Lb;  VAl/l 

I.       .  assess;  appraise.    ".'.  prise, 

II.         1.  The  desirability  or 

rth;  utility.    2.  The  rate  oi 

■'lity;  worth  in  money;  market 

ted  valuation;  esteem  or 

rega:  .       I.  tning;  signification;  import;  as, 

sill    and  "shall."    5.  M  . 

is.  Math. 
■  I'll-  or  number  an 
mbol  or  expi 
7.  itory  rank.     [OF.,  tilt.    <  L.  tab 

strong. 1  Syn_-  (verb)  see  appreciate;  cherish;  esteem; 
(noun^  see  PSOCE;  profit:  WOKTH  »al  'u-a-bl(eP.  I.  a. 
Having  value;  costly:  worthy.  II.  n.  A  thing  of  worth  or 
value.     Sjrnj  see   I  OOOD;  WFOBTAJR      »al"u- 

a'tlon,   n      1.  The  act  of  valuing.     2.  Appraisement. — 
»al"u-a'tlon-al,     ';      »ai'u-a"lor,     n.  —  val'ued,     pa.— 
vaj'ue-less,  a— ral'u-er,  n. 
\z\s   <■',  1  valv;  2  valv,  n.    1.  Any  contrivance  or  arrange- 

the  flow  of  a  liquid 
or  ^a?  in  one  direction,  and  closes  against  its  return, 


or  1 1  ii  - 1  >  1 1  >i  n  .  closed; 

ate      Or     IlllIK' 

pressed  into 

its    seat    by    the 
screw  (a). 


I  .  0  r  ol  folding  doors     •'*.    i '•■ii   Ac 

I  l'\  mil'  i.r  i  olds  ol  the  lm 

ing  ■  I  i.r  other 

Bon  "I  a  iliinl  ii 
allowing  il  In  anothei     i 

"1    a 
\ 

ooverlng  plan  or  piece  or  one  "f  two 
ur  more  external    i»ififr*   forml 

Lth,  M  fur   an   m  l|n>sltur      .'.. 

i     i  lm-   ..(   ihr   parts  Into  uiiir-ii  a 
pllts    In    ili'iii 
"f  the  halves  of  an  anthi  i 
it*  opening      6.  Site    a   devloe  fur 
rectifying  an  alternating  eurreni     i 

i  i,   leal  !•(  a   door       ral'" 

iiti'.        I,  is  valve    '.'• 

Having     a     \al\c  »al'ui-la.       PI 

\  little  valve    ral'ralet.  : 

\  ii  in-lar,  a     Pertaining  tour  of 
the  nature  ol  s  i  slve. 
ral  'yaontti  a    Same  as  valiani 
inn  "brace,    l    vam'bres,    vant*-;    :.' 

i  anl    Iir.u  r.  J  lanriirar,    \ant'-./i.     Ar- 

\niinr  fur  the  forearm  from  el- 
bow  to  urist     |i  |    ram'braeed,  a 

Van-brncb',  l  van-brO';  8  van  bry',  8li  John  (1664  1720). 
\n  i  Dgllsh  arehlteol  and  dramatist 

ra-mose  i  l  ve-mOs'  or  vfl'mos; :.'  vsrmbs  or  vk'm  Is,  •  ft  si 
[Slang,  U.S.]  [YA-Mu-ihii't;  va  hos'ino.]  To  depart  qulokly; 
leave,    [•   Bp.  tamot, letusgo.lnd  as  tmper.]  ra-moose'}. 

\ainp,  l  vamp;  2  vamp.  I1,  nt.  1.  To  provide  with  a 
vamp,  '*.  To  repair,  .'{.  [Colloq.]  Mv  To  improvise 
an  accompaniment  to.  II.  n.  1.  The  piece  "t  feather 
font  ling  the  upper  front  ji.irt  ol  a  boot  or  shoe,  ^•Some- 
thing added  to  give  an  old  tiling  a  new  appearance  :{. 
[Colloq  ]  Mna.  An  improvised  accompaniment.  |<  F. 
arant-iritil,  fore  part  of  the  foot  J-  vamp'er,  n.  One  who 
vamps.  In  any  sense. 

vain'plre,  1  vam'poir;  2  vam'plr,  n,  1.  A  fabulous 
ghostly     licing     thai 

sucks  tin-  blood  of  the  . 

living  while  they  sleep. 

2.     One     who     preys 

upon   his   fellow  men. 

:{.   \  large  blood-sucking  bat 

of  Smith  ur  ( 'i-ntral  America, 

4.   \  flying  fox.      |F.,  <  Serv. 

uim/jir.       vampire.)         vani'-  1.  False  Vampire.    2.  Head 

P)ret.   —   vampire    bat.       1.    of  Long-tongued  Vampire. 

Same  as  vampire,  .i      Z.  one  of 

certain  other  hats  Incorrectly  supposed  to  suck  blood.— 

\am-plr'le,  a.     ram'ptr-lsin, 

van,  van.  2  van.  r(.  [VANNED;  VAK'NTNO.]  Mining.  To  wash 
or  separate  a  small  portion  of  (powdered  orei  on  the  point 
of  a  shovel.    [<  P.  tanner,  <  L.  ranno,  <  cannus,  fan.] 

van1,  pi.  1.  A  large  covered  wagon  or  vehicle  as  iur  re- 
moving furniture;  a  caravan.  "'.  [Kng.j  di  A  closed 
railwaycarriage  for  luggage,  etc.  (2)  A  vehicle,  open 
or  covered,  used  as  by  tradesmen  for  carrying  light 
goods.    [Short  for  cahavan] 

i  an-',  n.  1.  An  advance-guard,  as  of  an  army,  or  fore- 
most division  of  a  fleet.  2.  The  leaders  of  a  movement. 
[Short  fur  VANOUABD.] 

van',  n.  1.  [Archaic  or  Prov.]  A  fan  or  wlnnowlng-machlne; 
hence,  a  wing.  2.  Mining.  A  test  by  washing  a  small  quan- 
tity of  ground  ore  on  a  shovel  to  ascertain  Its  value.  [P.,  < 
I.  Mantis,  fan.] 

va-na'dl-um,  1  va-nS'di-um;  2  va-na'di-um,  n,  A  rare 
silver-white  metallic  element,  See  im.mknt.  [< 
Si  anil    Vanadit,  a  goddl-ss .]—  va-nad'lr,  a. 

Fan  Hu'ren,  1  van  blU'ren;  2  van  bQ'rcii.  Martin  (1782- 
1862).    A  President  ol  the  I  fnfted  States.    See  PRESIDENT. 

\  an-i  un'M-r,    1    van-kfl'vsr;  2  van-cu'vCr,   n.     1.   George 

(1758-1798),  English  seaman,  discoverer.    2.  Island  ofl  Hrlt- 

ilumbla,  Canada:  16.937  sq.m.;  pop.  124,000.      [rous. 

van'dal,  1  van'del;  2  v&n'dal,  o.    Being  a  vandal;  barba- 

\  an  'dal,  n.  1.  One  of  a  Teutonic  race  thai  in  tin- 5th  cen- 
tury ravaged  Gaul  and  pillaged  Koine.  2.  [v-J  Hence, 
a  ruthless  plunderer ;  wilful  desf  royerof  what  is  beautiful 
or  artistic. — Van-dal'ic-,  n.  Pertaining  to  the  Vandals. 
—  van'dal-lsm,  n.     Wilful  destruction  of  artistic  works. 

Van'der-bllt,  1  van'dST-bllt:  2  van'dcr-bllt,  Cornelius, 
"Commodore"  (1794-1877).    An  American  capitalist. 

Van  Dle'men's  <;ulf,  1  van  dl'menz;  2  van  de'meng.  An 
Inlet  of  N  South  Australia;  length.  100  m.  [<  Anthony 
Van  lAemen  (1593-1645).  a  Dutch  admiral.] 

Van  Dle'men's  Land.    Tasmania:  former  name. 

Van  Dyck,  1  van  dalk;  2  van  dyk.  Anthony  (1599-1641).  A 
Flemish  portrait-painter.     Van  Dyke!  [Incorrect  form). 


1: 9  -  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    an  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sin0;   €hin,   this. 
845      2:  wolf,  dp;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   bat,   burn;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


Valetta 
vascular 


Van-dyke',  }  1  van-daik';  2  van-dyk'.    I.  a.    Of  or  pertaining 

Van-dyck',  J  to  Anthony  Van  Dyck,  or  to  his  style,  manner,  or 
dress.  II.  re.  1.  A  painting  by  Van  Dyck.  2.  A  broad  deep 
collar  or  cape  of  linen  and  lace  resembling  those  represented 
in  portraits  by  Van  Dyck.  Van-dyke'  capet;  Van-dyke' 
col'lart.  3.  A  large  point  on  the  border  of  a  Vandyke  cape 
or  collar. — Vandyke  beard,  a  peaked  beard. 

vane,  1  ven;  2  van,  re.  1.  A  thin  plate,  pivoted  out  of 
center,  on  a  vertical  rod,  to  indicate  the  direction  of  the 
wind;  also,  a  slender  flag  or  streamer  used  for  the  same 
purpose.  2.  An  arm  or  blade,  as  of  a  windmill,  propeller, 
etc.  3.  The  shaft  and  barbs  of  a  feather.  4.  Surv.  The 
sight  on  a  quadrant,  compass,  or  similar  instrument. 
5t-  A  flag;  pennon.     [<  AS.  fana,  flag.] 

Vane,  1  ven;  2  van,  Sir  Henry  (1613-1662).  An  English  re- 
publican statesman;  governor  of  Massachusetts;  executed. 

vang,  1  varj ;  2  vang,  n.  Naut.  One  of  two  guy=ropes  from 
the  end  of  a  gaff  to  the  deck.    [  <  D.  vang,  catching.] 

van 'guard",  1  van'gard";  2  van'gard",  n.  The  advance= 
guard  of  an  army;  the  van.  [  <  F.  avant-garde,  <  avant, 
before,  +  garde,  guard.] 

va-nil'la,  1  va-nil'a;  2  va-nil'a,  re.  1.  A  tall  climbing  or- 
chid with  fragrant  flowers  and  fruit,  the  vanillasbean. 
2.  Its  fruit,  or  an  extract  from  it.    [<  Sp.  vainilla.] 

van'ish*,  1  van'isTi;  2  van'ish,  vi.  1.  To  disappear  from 
sight;  fadeaway;  depart.  2.  Math.  To  become  equal  to 
zero.     [  <  L.  vanesco,  <  vanns,  empty.] — van'ish-er,  n. 

van'ish,  re.  Phon.  The  terminal  part  of  a  vowel  element;  the 
slight  sound  with  which  a  principal  sound  ends. 

van'i-ty,  1  van'i-ti;  2  van'i-ty,  re.  [-tiesz,  pi.]  1.  The 
condition  or  character  of  being  vain.  (1)  A  feeling  of 
shallow  pride;  conceit.  (2)  Ambitious  display;  osten- 
tation; show.  2.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  vain  or 
empty,  or  destitute  of  reality,  etc.  3.  That  which  is 
vain  or  unsubstantial.  [<  F.  vanite,  <  L.  vanitas,  < 
vanus,  empty.]  Syn.:  see  arrogance;  egotism;  levity; 
pride. — Vanity  Fair.  1.  In  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Progress, 
a  fair  depicting  the  world  as  a  scene  of  vanity  and  folly. 
2.  A  novel  by  W.  M.  Thackeray,  satirizing  the  weaknesses 
and  follies  of  human  nature.  [Perogino. 

Van-nuc'cl,    1    van-nut'Chi;   2    van-nut'chl,    Pletro.      See 

van-quish',  1  van'kwisfi;  2  van'kwish,  vt.  1.  To  subdue, 
as  in  battle;  conquer.  2.  To  defeat,  as  in  argument; 
confute.  [  <  F.  vaincre,  pret.  vainquis,  <  L.  vinco, 
conquer.]  Syn.:  see  beat;  conquer;  subdue. — van'- 
quish-a-bKeP,  a.— van'quish-er,  re.     A  victor. 

van'tage,  1  van'tij;  2  van'tag,  n.  1.  Superiority  over  a 
competitor,  as  in  means  of  attack.  2.  In  lawn-tennis, 
the  state  of  the  game  when  either  player  has  scored  a 
point  after  deuce. — van'tage=ground",  n.  A  position 
which  gives  one  an  advantage. — van'tage-less§,  a. 

vap'id,  1  vap'id;  2  vap'id,  a.  Having  lost  sparkling 
quality  and  flavor;  hence,  flat;  dull;  insipid.  [<  L. 
vapidus,  insipid.]  Syn.:  see  flat;  vain. — va-pld'i-ty,  n. 
vap'id-nesst.  — vap'Id-Iy,  adv. 

va'por,  1  ve'par;  2  va'por,  v.  I  .  t.  1.  To  vaporize.  2. 
To  depress  mentally.  3.  To  hector.  II.  i.  1.  To  emit  va- 
por. 2§.  To  evaporate.  3.  To  make  idle  boasts; 
brag. 

va'por,  re.  1.  Moisture  in  the  air;  especially,  visible 
floating  moisture;  loosely,  any  light  cloudy  substance 
in  the  air.  2.  Physics.  The  gaseous  form  of  a  substance 
that  is  normally  solid  or  liquid.  3.  That  which  is  fleeting 
and  unsubstantial.  4.  Med.  A  remedial  agent  applied  by 
inhalation.  5.  Boastful  swagger;  vaporing.  6[|.  pi. 
Depression  of  spirits;  hypochondria.  [<  L.F  vapor, 
steam.]  va'pourj.— va'por-a-bl(ep,  a.  Capable  of  being 
vaporized,  as  by  heat. — va"por-a-b!l'l-ty,  re.  - va'por-cr, 
n.  One  who  vapors:  a  braggart:  blusterer.— va"por-lf'lc, 
a.  Producing  vapors.— va'por-ish,  a.  1.  Somewhat  like 
vapor.  2.  Somewhat  hypochondriac.  —  va'por-Ize,  va'por- 
isc,  it.  &  ri.  [-ized,  -ised;  -iz'ing.  -is'ING.]  To  convert  or 
be  converted  into  vapor. — va'por-lz"|or  -ls"]a-l>l(ep,  a. — 
va"por-i-za'(or-sa']tlon,  re.  va'por-ous,  a.  1.  Of  or  like 
vapor;  misty;  ethereal.  2.  Full  of  vapors.  3.  Hypochondriac. 
4.  Vainly  imaginative;  whimsical,     va'por-yt.  [Sp.j 

va-qne'ro,  1  va-ke'ro;  2  vii-ke/ro,  re.     A  herdsman;  cowboy. 

var.,  abbr.    Variant,  variety. 

va'ra,  1  vu'ra;  2  vii'ra,  adv.    [Scot]    Very. 

va'ri-a-bl(ep,  1  ve'ri-a-bl;  2  va'ri-a-bl.  I.  a.  1.  Having 
the  capacity  of  varying;  alterable;  mutable.  'J.  Having 
a  tendency  to  change;  not  constant.  3.  Having  no  defi- 
nite value  as  regards  quantity.  II.  n.  1.  That  which 
varies  or  is  liable  to  change.  2.  Math.  A  quantity  sus- 
ceptible of  continuous  change  of  value.  :{.///  Saul.  A 
shifting  wind  or  winds.  |I'\,  <  [,.**  varius,  various] 
Syn.:  see  fickle;  irhf.oii.wc  mobile.  va'ri-a-bl(c- 
nessp,  n.    va"rl-a-bll'i-tyt.     va'ri-a-bly,  ode. 

va'ri-ant,  1  ve'ri-ant;  2  v&'ri-ant.  I.  ".  1.  Having  or 
showing  variation;  varying;  variable;  fickle      !.   I;     i 


less;  unsettled.  II.  n.  A  thing  that  differs  from 
another  in  form  only;  a  variant  form  of  the  same  word; 
in  the  usage  of  this  Dictionary,  a  word  or  phrase  of  the 
same  meaning  (indicated  by  the  sign  t).  [F.,  <  L. 
mrian(t-)s,  ppr.  of  vario.  vary.]  Syn.:  see  heterogeneous. 
— va'rl-ance,  n.  The  act  of  varying,  or  the  state  of  being 
variant;  hence,  dissension;  discord.  Syn.:  see  quarrel. — 
va'ri-atet,  vt.  &  vt.  To  vary. — va"rl-a'tlon,  re.  1.  The 
act,  process,  state,  or  result  of  varying;  modification;  diver- 
sity. 2.  The  extent  to  which  a  thing  varies.  3.  Gram. 
Inflection,  as  of  declensions  or  conjugations;  also,  change  in 
certain  vowel-sounds.  4.  Mus.  A  repetition  of  the  essential 
features  of  a  theme  or  melody  with  fanciful  embellishments. 
5.  Aslron.  (1)  An  inequality  in  the  moon's  motion.  (2)  A 
change  in  the  elements  of  an  orbit.  6.  Biol.  Deviation  in 
structure  or  function  from  the  type  or  parent  form.  Syn.: 
see  change;  difference. — va"ri-a'tlon-al,  a. 

va'ri-coI"ored,  1  ve'n-kul"ard;  2  va'ri-col"ord,  a.  Varie- 
gated in  color;  party-colored.    va'ri-col"ouredt. 

var  'i-cose,  1  var'i-kos ;  2  var'i-eos,  a.  Abnormally  dilated 
or  contorted,  as  veins.  [  <  L.  varicosus,  <  varix,  dila- 
tation.]—var"l-cos'J-ty,  n.    var'1-cose-nessj. 

va'ried,  1  ve'nd;  2  va'rid,  pa.  1.  Partially  or  repeatedly 
altered.  2.  Consisting  of  diverse  sorts.  3.  Differing  from 
one  another.    4.  Varicolored.     See  vary,  v.    -ly,  adv. 

va'ri-e-gate,  1  ve'ri-i-get;  2  va'ri-e-gat,  vt.  [-GAT"EDd; 
-gat"ing.]  To  diversify  with  different  colors  or  tints; 
dapple;  spot;  streak.  [<  L.LL  varius,  various,  +  ago, 
make.] — va'rl-e-gat"ed,  pa. — va"r!-e-ga 'tion,  n. 

va'ri-er,  1  ve'ri-ar;  2  va'ri-er,  n.    One  who  varies. 

va-ri'e-ty,  1  va-rai'i-ti;  2  va-ri'e-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi.]  1. 
The  state  of  being  various  or  varied;  diversity.  2.  A 
collection  of  diverse  things.  3.  The  possession  of  dif- 
ferent characteristics  by  one  individual.  4.  A  limited 
class  of  things  that  differ  in  certain  common  peculiari- 
ties from  a  larger  class  to  which  they  belong;  sometimes, 
a  thing  of  such  a  sort  or  kind.  5.  Biol.  A  subdivision 
of  a  species.  [<  L.F  varieta(t-)s,  <  varius,  various.] 
Syn.:  see  change;  difference.— va-rl'e-tal,  a.    -ly,  adv. 

va'ri-form,  1  ve'n-ferm;  2  va'ri-form,  a.  Of  diverse  form; 
having  different  shapes.  [<  L.  varius,  various,  +  -form.) 

va-ri'o-Ia,  1  va-rai'o-la;  2  va-ri'o-la,  re.  Smallpox.  [LL] 
— va-rl'o-lar,  a.  va-ri'o-lous}.  — va'rl-o-lold,  1  ve'n-[or 
var'i-]o-leid;  2  va'ri-[or  var'i-]o-16id.  I.  a.  Resembling 
smallpox.    II.  n.    A  mild  form  of  smallpox. 

va"ri-o'rum,  1  ve"n-6'rum;  2  va"ri-6'rum,  a.  Having 
notes  or  comments  by  different  critics  or  editors.  [  <  L. 
cum  notis  variorum  (with  the  notes  of  various  persons).] 

va'ri-OUS,  1  ve'n-us;  2  va'ri-us,  o.  1.  Characteristically 
different  from  one  another ;  diverse.  2.  Being  more  than 
one  and  easily  distinguishable ;  several.  3.  Many«sided ; 
variform.  4.  Having  a  changeable  or  inconstant  na- 
ture ;  unfixed.  5.  Having  a  diversity  of  appearance ;  va- 
riegated. [<  L.  varius,  various.]  Syn.:  see  heterogeneous; 
many.— va'ri-ous-Iy,  adv.— va'ri-ous-ness,  n. 

var.  lect.,  abbr.    [L.]     Varia  lectio  (varying  reading). 

var'Iet,  1  var'let;  2  var'16t,  n.  [Archaic  or  Obs.]  A  low 
menial  or  subordinate;  formerly,  a  page.  [  <  OF.  varlet, 
valet.] — var'let-ry,  re.    The  rabble;  the  mob. 

var'nish,  1  vdr'nisli;  2  var'nish.  I',  vt.  1.  To  cover,  as 
a  surface,  with  varnish.  2.  To  give  a  superficial  polish 
to;  gloss  over.  II.  n.  A  solution  of  certain  gums  or 
resins  in  alcohol,  linseed-oil,  etc.,  used  to  produce  a 
shining,  transparent  coat  on  a  surface;  hence,  figura- 
tively, any  superficial  polish,  as  of  politeness.  [I'll. 
<  L.  vitrinus,  glassy.)— var'nlsh-er,  re.— var'nish-liig,  'i 

Var'ro,  1  var'o;  2  var'o,  Marcus  Tcrentlus  (116-27  U.  C). 
A  Roman  scholar  and  author. 

var 'sal,  1  vflr'sal;2  viir'sal,  a.  [Dial]  Universal:  a  corruption. 

Va'rus,  1  ve'rus;  2  va'rus,  I'uollus  Quint illus.  A  Roman 
general;  commander  In  Germany;  his  army  was  destroyed 
by  the  Germans  under  ArmlniuH.  A.  1 ).  '.). 

va'ry,  1  ve'ri;  2  va'ry,  v.  (va'ried;  va'ry-ing.]  I.  t.  I. 
To  change  partially,  as  in  aspect,  form,  color,  etc.  2.  To 
change,  as  by  additions;  diversify.  3.  To  cause  to  al- 
ternate; transmute;  transfer.  4.  To  make  various  or 
diverse.     5.  Mux.  To  embellish  (a  melody)  by  changes 

and  additions  that  d >t  destroy  its  identity.     U. ,i, 

1.  To  lie  altered  in  any  way;  become  different.     2.  To 

be  diverse  in  details;  differ,  <>r  !»'  different,  3.  To  be 
characteristically  subject  to  changes.  4.  To  be  at  vari- 
ance in  opinion  or  feeling.  5.  To  deviato  to  one  side; 
depart.  (».  Math.  To  be  subject  to  oontinual  increase 
or  decrease  according  to  some  law.  [<  L.p  vario,  < 
rnriiis.  various.]  Syn.:  sec  change;  fluctuate. 
va'ryt,  n.    Variation;  change.       Man  painter  ami  biographer. 

Va-sa'rl,l  VO-Sa'rT, 2  va-sa'ri.  Giorgio  (1511-1574).  An  Ital- 

vas'cu-lar,  1  vas'kiu-lar;  2  v&s'cu-lar,  o.    Anal.  &  liiol. 

Of,  pertaining  to,  consisting  of,  or  supplied  with  vessels 

or  ducts,  as  blood-vessels,  etc.     [  <  L.  vasculum,  dim. 


>     is,'  X 

,  ,,,|.,|  .         .  a.  >      *ll.    me.  B«*«.  I 


police-   ol>cv.  go:  nwt.ftr;  full,  role:  but.  born: 
|     |         ,  i  ....  ndt.  Or.  w6u. 


s4fl 


.  »«•  nl  »r   l|uU<  •'  vrnrli 

r»4u  c-  u-lar-lj . 

U  supported 


■ 


;.  smarm 

\  I 


1. 


Vane,  with  l'r. 
of  1  >. 


II 


i.  eld  land 


■ 

'*•«■        If  (ba 

'*.      \    dependent  .  Un«.      I* 

■ 
.,  -  r»JU 

\ as  ~.iI-.ik<-.  I. 

! 

idol  tenure    ; 

I  I,  iiK-k,  »nd 

|  |.  MH'h  h..Kllr  ll.ualtcr  .f  tm»t.. 

that    the 

•    all  al  twice         I 

. .  ry  gnat  in  number,  quantity, 

intensity,  or 

•  .  i    waste;    desolate:    the 

II.  ..  t]  A  boundless  space ;  im- 

I  \m;K. 

rmstir,  i.,-i   I..-.  ».i  — Mil  "l-i>  •:   rnst'Myt. 

»ast).    i        Pot  t  i  . 

,mt,  i  1.  A  large  vessel,  tub,  or  eastern, 

especially  for  holding  liquids.     &  A  liquid  or  dry  mea- 

(,  vat.] 

\  ,i   i-,.hi.  -ksn:  2  vflt'i-ca.i,  n.    1.  The  palace  of 

2.  The  papal  government.    (  >>m- 

ornuNu.      [  <    1.     I  ttican   hill,  in 

\  at  i-can-Mii. 

be*-:  and  Infallibility  of  ttis  Pope. 

»ali-clde.  1     v  ;  —  il«l:2  vat'l-cld.  n    The  killing  of  a  prophet : 

(-  catdo,  kill.] 
ia-tlrl-nal.  1  ••  ■-•  >'i-n,.l;  U'  va-tic'1-nal.  <i.     Prophetic. 
»a-tl<'i-ii.il«  .  •  t;2  va-tle'i-nat.  rJ.  A:  n.  |-N.vr- 

.  ,)  To  prophesy;  foretell.  (<  L.  voticinotus, 
pp.  of  wHcinoT.  <  natei.  prophet  I     va-tlc"l-iia'tlon,  ».— 
>a-tlr'l-na"tor,  H      »a-tlr'l-na"to-r> ,   j  -va-tlc  l-na  - 
tre»».  • 
\  hi   i. in',    1    vo'ban';    2  -•  hastlen    le    Frestre, 

Maruui-  ii.  1       1  French  military  engineer. 

> hi. I. -Mill  .  .     .".'i'vll,  n.     1.   \ 

i  jly  consisting  ol  a 
-.  songs,  dances,  acrobatic  feats,  etc., 
on     2.  A  .street  ballad. 

[F]  [8IAN. 

f au'i|..l-  .  a.  ten.    Same  as  Walokn- 

\  ,ni  i  .  I  .        To  form  with  a  vault. 

ll.         i.  p  irtmenl  or  chamber;  al 

lap.    2.  An  arched  struo- 

;.  ■.  ault'like  covering; 

I.  -lied  r«K»f  of  a  cavity.    [  <  OF. 

Mil'  -  vault  'ed.  'i. 

fn  the  form  of  a  vault:  covered  with  a  vault,     vault 'yt. 

vault  .  ;  I  .        .  ri.    1.  To  leap,  especially 

r  by  resting  the  hands.     2.  To 

of  jumping  or  leap- 

II.  I.    \   -pringitig 

with  the  aid  of  a  pole     2.  The  curvet 
,  wheel  ]  -vault 'er,  n. 

iiiini.  .  I  To 

i-t ;  ,-xult :  glory.    II- 

ful  a  [<  Ol       -inter,  < 

L.1*  tiniu.  empty.]     Syn.:  <v  ST;  (noun)  see 

osTi  kunt'er,  n      vaunt'er-y,;,  n.     Bravado. 

\aunt  'Ing.  n     -l>. 
taunl  '  c  <>u"r|.,-r  -,  n      A  precursor;  herald. 
va'vrard -.  I  \ko 

\b.  n..  f.  •    .     ''<'•      Vice-chairman, 

hancellor.  Victoria  Cross.— V.  d.,  nhbr.    Variou 


\ 


Diagram  Bhow- 


vr*l.  1  vll;  8  v,M.  m      I.  The  Q<  »h  ol  ■>  oall  oonsldored   is 
.  i     nou),  oall  I     ' 

,,  J,  the  Ossh  of  a  oall  so  rouna.  ,us  '"  '"' 

until  for  food 

n  ,   tor,    i  '•  ■•     "    "  •  ''"'■  " 

^    lln«   oonoelved  to  have  t«»t it  ■ 
pmsI  it>ngtb  and  direction  In  ipaes,  but  no 
n\,-,i  position;   any   quantltj  thai 
n*prtM<nted  bj  luob  ■   Hue     [L  .  i  arrMr, 
;•■     '  carry  I 

\,  ,i,.  la,  -••     Literally,  knowl- 

1,.-  name  of  the  f"ur  holy  books  ol 
the  Hindus  \.dlc,  n 

r,  ,1,-r..  \ .  rbdsfsoUve     »•  oep  . 

Verb  deponent.  ,    ,         ....    , 

re-detto',  1  vi-det';  «w    * 

mounted  sentinel  placed  in  advance  of 

itposi    [F 1  vi-iii-ifi-';. 
reer,  l  vlr;2ver,  vl  A  ri.     I.  ft  rolngCutsofveti. 

tun.  to  another  course;  wear     ».To    *  utt Jj  Wwj; 

ohange  direction  moreo  > [llv.  L,,',, ,,;.,...  ,,,,;.. 

as  the  wind;    hence,  to  be  variable  or 

nckle     I-    F. sfrsr, turn, -    L."Ttrl«,braoeletB.]     Byn.:see 

,  Hanoi  hi  ■  it  wi  .  u  iNOTH  [era  Nprth  America 
veer']  l  viri  2ver'y,n,  1  melodious  tawny  thrush  ofeastp 
\,'ica  »  ar'pi-o.  L  vi'gs  koVpI-o:  2  Wga,  ear'pl  o,  L Fein 

de  (1662   1636       \  Bpanlshpoel     Lp' If  ve'gmj. 

rec'e-ta-bl  «'r.  1  vej'i-ts-bl;  ^  veg^e-ta-bl     I.  <••      '  er- 

taining  to  plants,  especially  warden  or  larm  VBgetaDIM 

11.  n     l.  fl lible  part  of  a  garden  plant.    8.  In  the 

scientific  sense,  a  plant  of  any  kind.  I<  »F.,  <  ■' 
inhuts.  animating.]  Syn.:  see  roun.  regetable  kingdom, 
the  division  of  organic  nature  (Uvlng  objects)  thai  embraces 
plants  reg'e-ta-tlve+;  veg't-tlvet.  vc-g'V-ta-bll  l-ty, 
reg'e-Sl.a  I.  Of  or  pertaining  to  plants.  B.  com- 
mon to  pUnta  and  animals,  as  absorption,  nutrition,  growth, 

etc     BS  distinguished   tr.iiii.sen.satliiiianilvnllli.nl       H'K  f 

1-rr'l-an  I."  I.  Irertalnlng  to  or  advocating  vegetarian- 
ism    •>.  Exclusively  vegetable,  as  a  diet.    u.  n.    Om  who 

holds  or  practises  vegetarianism.  \vK  e-Hst,.  reg  «'-ta  - 
rl-aii-lsm,  n.      The  thenry  that   man  s  food  should   lie  c*- 

•luBlvely  veKctabic.  .  .    „ 

ves'o-tete,  1  vej'i-tet;  2  vegVt&t,  w.  [-tat  bd««j  -i  u  - 
ma]  1.  To  grow,  as  a  plant.  2.  To  live  in  a  monoto- 
nous, passive  way.  .1.  Paihol.  To  increase  in  size  as  if 
bv  vegetable  growth.  [<  LL.  KgeUttUB,  pp.  of  vegeto. 
ouloken  I  veg"e-la'Uon,  n.  1.  The  process  of  vegetating. 
•i.  l'lant-iife  in  the  aggregate.  3.  rmiwi.  a.,  ezmesoence 
on  the  body  >eg'<-ta"llMe\  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  pro- 
ducing planullfe.  2.  Having  a  mere  physical  existence; 
showing  but  little  mental  activity.  3.  Bfol.  '  lonoerned  with 
growth  and  nutrition,  veg'e-tlvet.  -I>',  adv .  -ness,  n 
vc'he-ment,  1  vi'hi-[or  -i-]ment;  2  ve'he:[or  -e-lm8nt,  a. 
1.  Arising  front  or  marked  by  impetuosity  of  feeling  or 
passion;  ardent.  2.  Acting  with  great  force  or  energy; 
energetic;  violent;  furious.  [OF.,  <  L.  vehcmen(t-)s, 
Impetuous,  perhaps  <  teho.  carry.  +  nunjhH.  ^0.1 
Syn  ■  see.MtPKNT;  kaoer;  hot;  violent.— ve'he-mcncc,  n. 
w-'iie-inen-cyj.— ve'he-ment-ly,  adv 
ve'hl-clie1',  1  vi'.-[w  -hi-]kl;  2  ve'i-[..r  -hi-Iel,,  n.    1.  That 

„,   or  on   which  anything  is  carried;  especially,  a  t-on- 

trivanoe  fitted  with  wheels  or  runners  for  carrying  some- 
thing; a  oonveyanoe,  as  a  oar  or  sled.  2.  A  medium,  asa 
liquid  with  which  is  mixed  some  other  substance  that  it 
may  be  applie.lor  administered  moreeasily.  3.  Anything 
by 'means  of  wind,  something  else,  as  power,  thought, 
etc.,  is  teansmitted.  I<  L.»  vehiculum.  <  reAo,  carry.] 
—  ve-hlo'u-lar.a.     ve-hlc'u-la-ryt.  [mans.  396  B.C. 

Ve'll  1  vl'yol;  2  vCyf,  n.   A  city  In  Etrurla:  destroyed  by  Ro- 
veil,  1  vel;  2  vfil.     I.  vl.    To  cover  with  a  veil;  hence,  to 
hide; disguise.    II.  n.    L  A  piece  of  thin  and  light  fabric, 
worn  over  the  face  or  head  for  concealment,  protection, 
or  ornament.    2.  Any  piece  of  fabric  used  to  «mceal  an 
object;  a  scree,,;  curtain.     3.  Figuratively,  that  which 
conceals  from  inspection;  a  disguise;  pretext.     I  <  Ul. 
<  L.  velum.  <  teho.  carry.  1     vallt;  vaylet.    Syn.  see 
ami-  m^k;  PALUATE.-vell'er,  n.-veti'lng,  n      I.  The 
c    rf  covering  with  a  veil.-   8.  Material  for  veils.    S.  A  veil. 
vein   lven;2ven.    l.tt.    To  furnish,  taaverse,  or  fill  witii 
II.  „"    1.  One  of  the  musclar  tubu  ar  vessels 
that  convey  blood  to  the  heart  ;  loosely,  any  blood-ves- 
•..<„„'.  of  the  radiating  supports  forming  the  frame- 
work of  a  leaf  or  of  an.insecfs  wing;  a  rib  or  nerve     3. 
The  filling  Of  a  fissure  in  a  rock;  a  bed  of  ore.    4.  A  long 
irregular  colored  -treak,  as  in  wood,  marble,  etc.     5.  A 
Ili-nnetive  trait;  a  specific  tendency  or  dlS^teon-6. 
\  temporary  Mate  of  mind;  humor;  mood.  [  <  L.     vena, 
ldoo     vessel]     veined,  a.-veln  'Ing,  n.     1 .  A  vein  or  net - 
workoTv^fns     2.  A  streaked  or  veined  surface.  -  vein 'less. 
i .     <\  iiho.il fvelns  or  markings      veln'let.  n.    A  small  vein. 
—vein'),  a.    lull  of  veins;  venous. 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit:    aisle:    ail  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    o  =  sino;   Chin,  this.  vase 

847         2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,  burn;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.         venial 


ve'lar,  1  vl'lar;  2  ve'lar,  a.  1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  velum; 
palatal.    2.  Phllol.  Produced  by  the  help  of  the  soft  palate. 

Ve-las'quez  de  Sil'va,  1  ve-las'keth  de  sll'va;  2  ve-las'keth  dg 
sil'va,  Diego  Rodriguez  (1599-1660).    A  Spanish  painter. 

veld,  1  velt;  2  velt,  n.  [S.  Afr.l  Open  country  or  pasture=land. 
Low»lying  wooded  land  Is  known  as  bush=veld,  and  the 
high  treeless  plains  as  high  veld.  [<  D.  veld,  field.]  veldtt. 

vel'U-cate,  1  vel'i-ket;  2  vel'i-eat,  vt.  &  vi.  [-cat"ed'1;  -cat*- 
ing.]  To  cause  to  twitch  or  contract  convulsively;  twitch, 
as  a  muscle.  [<  L.  vellicatus,  pp.  of  vellico  ( <  vello),  pluck.) 
— vel'll-ca'tion,  n.    A  twitching.— vel'H-ca"tlv(eB,  a. 

vel'lum,  1  vel'um;  2  vSl'tim,  n.  Fine  parchment,  origi- 
nally that  made  from  the  skins  of  calves,  or  a  manuscript 
written  on  it.    [  <  F.  velin,  <  L.LL  vitellus,  calf.] 

ve-loc 'i-pede,  1  vi-les'i-pid;  2  ve-16c'i-ped,  n.  An  early 
form  of  bicycle  or  tricycle;  also,  a  child's  tricycle.  [< 
L.  velox  (veloc-),  swift,  4-  pe(d-)s,  foot.] 

ve-loc 'i-ty,  1  vi-los'i-ti;  2  ve-16c'i-ty,  n.  [-ties2,  pi]  1. 
The  state  of  moving  swiftly;  rapid  motion;  celerity.  2. 
Rate  of  motion.     [<  L.F  velocita(t-)s,  <  velox,  swift.] 

ve'lo-drome,  1  vi'lo-drom ;  2  ve'lo-drom,  n.  A  race=course, 
as  for  bicycles.    [  <  L.  velox,  speed,  +  Gr.  dromos,  course.] 

ve'lum,  1  vi'lum;  2  ve'lum,  n.  Anat.  A  thin  membranous 
covering;  especially,  the  soft  palate.    [L.] 

vel'ure,  1  vel'yur;  2  vel'yur,  n.  Any  fabric  of  or  resem- 
bling velvet;  specif.,  a  heavy  fabric  of  linen,  silk,  or  jute, 
for  hangings,  table=covers,  etc.  [  <  F.  velours,  <  L. 
villosus,  <  villus,  shaggy  hair.]    ve-lours't. 

vel'vet,  1  vel'vet;  2  vel'vet.  I.  a.  1.  Made  of  velvet.  2. 
Smooth  and  soft  to  the  touch;  velvety.  II.  n.  1.  A 
fabric,  properly  of  silk,  closely  woven  and  having  on  one 
side  a  thick,  short,  smooth  nap.  2.  Zool.  The  furry 
skin  covering  a  growing  antler.  [OF.,  <  L.LL  villus, 
shaggy  hair.] — vel"vet-een',  n.  A  fabric  imitating  silk  vel- 
vet.— vel'vet»guards"t,  n.  pi.  Trimmings  of  velvet. — 
vel'vet-y,  a.     Like  velvet;  smooth  and  soft. 

Ven.,  abbr.    Venerable. 

ve'na,  1  vi'na;  2  ve'na,  n.  [ve'n^e,  1  -nl;  2  -ne,  pi.]  A  vein. 
[L.] — vena  cava,  1  ke'va;  2  ea'va,  a  hollow  vein,  either  of 
the  two  great  venous  trunks  (called  superior  and  inferior) 
that  empty  Into  the  right  auricle  of  the  heart. 

ve'nal1,,  1  vi'nal;  2  ve'nal,  a.  1.  Ready  to  sell  honor 
or  principle;  mercenary;  purchasable.  2.  Subject  to 
sordid  bargaining  or  trading;  salable.  [OF.,  <  L.  ve- 
nalis,  <  venum,  sale.] 

Syn.:  hireling,  mercenary,  purchasable,  salable.  Merce- 
nary has  especial  application  to  character  or  disposition;  as, 
a  mercenary  spirit;  mercenary  motives — t.  e.,  a  spirit  or  mo- 
tives to  which  money  is  the  chief  consideration  or  the  moving 
principle.  Thus,  etymologically,  the  mercenary  can  be  hired, 
while  the  venal  are  openly  or  actually  for  sale;  hireling  (AS. 
hyrling,  from  hyr)  signifies  serving  for  hire  or  pay,  or  having 
the  spirit  or  character  of  one  who  works  or  of  that  which  is 
done  directly  for  hire  or  pay.  The  hireling,  the  mercenary, 
and  the  venal  are  alike  in  making  principle,  conscience,  and 
honor  of  less  account  than  gold  or  sordid  considerations; 
but  the  mercenary  and  venal  may  be  simply  open  to  the 
bargain  and  sale  which  the  hireling  has  already  consummat- 
ed; a  clergyman  may  be  mercenary  in  making  place  and  pay 
of  undue  importance  while  not  venal  enough  to  forsake  his 
own  communion  for  another  for  any  reward  that  could  be 
offered  him.  The  mercenary  may  retain  much  show  of  in- 
dependence; hireling  service  sacrifices  self-respect  as  well  as 
principle;  a  public  officer  who  makes  his  office  tributary  to 
private  speculation  in  which  he  Is  Interested  is  mercenary;  if 
he  receives  a  stipulated  recompense  for  administering  his 
office  at  the  behest  of  some  leader,  faction,  corporation,  or 
the  like,  he  is  both  hireling  and  venal;  if  he  gives  essential 
advantages  for  pay,  without,  subjecting  himself  to  any  direct 
domination,  his  course  is  venal,  but  not  hireling.  —  Ant.:  dis- 
interested, honest,  honorable,  incorruptible,  patriotic,  un- 
purchasable.— ve-nal'1-ty,  n.  —  ve'nal-ly,  adv. 

ve'nal  ,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  veins;  venous. — vc-na'- 
tlon,  n.    Arrangement  of  veins,  as  In  a  leaf. 

ven"a-to'rl-a!5,  a.  Pertaining  to  hunting.  [<  L.  venator, 
hunter,  <  venor,  hunt]  ven'a-ryf;  \e-nat'lcl;  ve-nat'I- 
call.     ve-nat'l-eal-ly,  adv. 

vendd,  1  vend;  2  vend,  vt.  To  dispose  of;  sell ;  carry  about, 
as  in  a  wagon,  and  offer  for  sale,  f  <  L.*  vendo,  sell,  < 
venum,  sale,  +  do,  give.]  — ven-dee',  n.  The  person  or 
party  to  whom  something,  especially  land,  Is  sold.  — vend '- 
er,  n.  One  who  vends;  a  pedler  or  hawker.— vend 'l-bl(c<*. 
I.  a.  Capable  of  being  vended  or  wild;  marketable  II.  n. 
A  thing  exposed  for  sale.— vend"l-bll  'l-ty,  n.  vcnd'l-bl(e- 
ness>*t.— vend'l-bly,  adv.—  vcn-dl'tion,  n.  The  act  of 
vending. — ven'dor,  n.  Same  as  VENDER:  the  common  legal 
spelling.— ven-duc',  n.    A  public  sale  at  auction 

ven'dace,  1  ven'des;  2  ven'dttc,  n.  [Dial.]  A  small  Whlteflsh 
of  some  British  lakes.    |  <  p.  mndoisc.  dare]     ven'dlst. 

Ven"dee',  1  vafrde';  2  viiii'de',  n.  A  department  In  central 
W.  France;  scene  of  the  royalist  revolt,  against  the  1'reuch 
republic  In  1793   1795.  —  Ven-de'an,  a.  &  n. 


ven-det'ta,  1  ven-det'a;  2  ven-det'a,  n.  Private  warfare 
or  feud,  as  in  revenge  for  a  murder,  injury,  etc.    [It.] 

ve-neer',  1  vi-nir';  2  ve-ner'.  I.  vt.  1.  To  cover  (a  sur- 
face) with  veneers.  2.  To  conceal,  as  something  dis- 
agreeable, with  a  superficial  polish.  II.  n.  1.  A  thin 
layer,  as  of  choice  wood,  upon  a  commoner  surface.  2. 
Figuratively,  mere  outside  show  or  elegance.  [  <  OF.° 
fournir,  furnish.] — ve-neer'ing,  n.  1.  The  art  of  applying 
veneer.    2.  Material  used  for  veneers. 

ven'er-a-bl(ep,  1  ven'ar-a-bl;  2  ven'er-a-bl,  a.  1.  Merit- 
ing or  commanding  veneration:  now  usually  implying 
age.  2.  Exciting  reverential  feelings.  [OF.,  <  L. 
venerabilis,  <  veneror,  revere.)  Syn.:  see  ancient. — ven'- 
er-a-bKe-nessp,  n.  ven"er-a-bil'l-tyt.— ven'er-a-bly, 
adv. — ven'er-ate,  vt.  [-at"ed|1;  -at"ing.)  To  look  upon  or 
regard  with  honor  and  deference;  revere. 

Syn.:  adore,  honor,  respect,  revere,  reverence.  In  the 
highest  sense,  to  revere  or  reverence  is  to  hold  in  mingled  love 
and  honor  with  something  of  sacred  fear,  as  for  that  which 
while  lovely  is  sublimely  exalted  and  brings  upon  us  by  con- 
trast a  sense  of  our  unworthiness  or  inferiority;  to  revere  is  a 
wholly  spiritual  act;  to  reverence  is  often,  tho  not  necessarily, 
to  give  outward  expression  to  the  reverential  feeling;  we 
revere  or  reverence  the  divine  majesty.  Revere  is  a  stronger 
word  than  reverence  or  venerate.  To  venerate  is  to  hold  in 
exalted  honor  without  fear,  and  is  applied  to  objects  less 
removed  from  ourselves  than  those  we  revere,  being  said 
especially  of  aged  persons,  of  places  or  objects  having  sacred 
associations,  and  of  abstractions;  we  venerate  an  aged  pastor, 
the  dust  of  heroes  or  martyrs,  lofty  virtue  or  self-sacrifice,  or 
some  great  cause,  as  that  of  civil  or  religious  liberty;  we  do 
not  venerate  God,  but  revere  or  reverence  him.  We  adore  with 
a  humble  yet  free  outflowing  of  soul.  See  admire;  defer. — 
Ant.:  contemn,  despise,  disdain,  dishonor,  disregard,  scoff  at, 
scorn,  slight,  spurn. 

— ven"er-a'tion,  n.  The  act  of  venerating;  reverence. 
Syn.:  adoration,  awe,  dread,  reverence.  Awe  Is  inspired 
by  that  in  which  there  is  sublimity  or  majesty  so  over- 
whelming as  to  awaken  a  feeling  akin  to  fear;  in  awe,  con- 
sidered by  itself,  there  Is  no  element  of  esteem  or  affection, 
tho  the  sense  of  vastness,  power,  or  grandeur  in  the  ob- 
ject is  always  present.  Dread  is  a  shrinking  apprehension 
or  expectation  of  possible  harm  awakened  by  any  one  of 
many  objects  or  causes,  from  that  which  is  overwhelmingly 
vast  and  mighty  to  that  which  is  productive  of  momentary 
physical  pain;  in  its  higher  uses  dread  approaches  the 
meaning  of  awe,  but  with  more  of  chilliness  and  cowering, 
and  without  that  subjection  of  soul  to  the  grandeur  and 
worthiness  of  the  object  that  is  involved  In  awe.  Awe  Is 
preoccupied  with  the  object  that  inspires  it;  dread  with 
apprehension  of  personal  consequences.  Reverence  and 
veneration  are  less  overwhelming  than  awe  or  dread,  and 
suggest  something  of  esteem,  affection,  and  personal  near- 
ness. We  may  feel  awe  of  that  which  we  can  not  rever- 
ence, as  a  grandly  terrible  ocean  storm;  awe  of  the  divine 
presence  is  more  distant  and  less  trustful  than  reverence. 
Veneration  is  commonly  applied  to  things  which  are  not 
subjects  of  awe.  Adoration,  in  its  full  sense,  Is  loftier  than 
veneration,  less  restrained  and  awed  than  reverence,  and  with 
more  of  the  spirit  of  direct,  active,  and  joyful  worship.  See 
reverence.  Compare  venerate. — Ant.:  contempt,  dis- 
dain, dishonor,  disregard,  scorn. — ven'er-a''lor,  n. 

ve-ne're-al,  1  vi-ni'n-al;  2  ve-ne're-al,  a.  1.  Pertaining 
to  or  proceeding  from  sexual  intercourse.  2.  Communi- 
cated by  sexual  relations  with  an  affected  person;  as,  a 
venereal  disease.     [  <  L.  venereus,  <   Venus,  Venus.] 

ven'er-y '||,  1  ven'ar-i;  2  ven'er-y,  n.  [-iesz,  pi.]  The  hunting 
of  game.    [<  F.  vtnerie,  <  vener,  hunt]    ven'er-let. 

ven'er-y2 1|,  n.  Sexual  indulgence,  especially  when  excessive. 
[<  L.  Venereus,  of  Venus,  <   Venus,  Venus.)    ven'er-let. 

ven"e-sec'tion,  1  ven"i-sek's"han;  2  ven"e-sec'shon,  n. 
The  operation  of  opening  a  vein  for  drawing  off  blood. 
[  <  L.  vena,  vein,  +  scco,  cut.) 

Ve-ne'tl-a,  1  vi-ni'sln-a;  2  ve-ne'shl-a,  n.    Same  as  VENICE, 

Ve-nc'tlan,  1  vi-nl'ghen;  2  ve-n8'8han,  a.  &  n.    Sec  Venice. 

ven'ewt.  «■     A  bout  at  fencing;  a  lilt  or  thrust,     ven'eyt. 

Ve"ne-ze'los,  1  ve*ne-zC'los;  2  ve'iie-ze'los.  Kleulherlos 
( i  Mil      ).Greekstatesman;leaderofrevolutlonAug.30, 1916 

Ven"e-zue'la,  1  ven"i-zwi'la;  2  ven"e-zwc'l:i,  n.  A  republic 
In  N.  10.  South  America;  398,594  S(|.  m.;  pop .2,816,  18  I ; 
capital,  Caracas.— Ven"e-zue'lan,  a.  &  n. 

ven'geance,  1  ven'jans;  2  vSn'ganc,  n.  1.  The  infliction 
of  a  deserved  penalty;  retributive  punishment,  2.  In 
a  bad  sense,  wrathful  avenging  of  a  wrong;  in  enge  8  I  • 
Mischief;  evil.  [F,  <  vender,  <  L,  vindico,  avenge, 
revenge. I  Syn.:  see  revenge.— with  a  vengeance  |<  olloq], 
with  great,  force  or  violence;  In  common  Use,  extremely.— 

venge'ful,  a.    Prone  to  Inflict  vengeance.   -i.v.  adv. 
ve'in-.ii,  l  vi'ni-al;  2  ve'ni-al,  a.    Thai  inaj  be  pardoned 
or  overlooked;  excusable.    |<  »F,  <  I- '''  iriuu,  pardon.) 

Syn.:  excusable,  pardonable,  slight,  trivial.    Aside  tr 

its  technical  ecclesiastical  use,  venial  Ib  always  understood 
as  marking  some  fault  comparatively  slight  or  trivial.     A 


..I.  . 
rs.mu 


,  ,  ,  I  i  .  ..       ol.Or;   full.  rOl.-;   Imt.bOrn; 

i  t     s         ...         ...  11  e;  1-0;  I  ■  I;  go,  not.  Or,  «6u,     S4S 


,1,-1.  >.      Ill-  ll-  11.      -  v.      Ill-  ll-ll  . 

is     \- 
i  «>l  ofar- 

1 1     . 
\ .  ii.  ii  hi  blind,*  flexible*  Indowooreen 

liul.  i.r  admit  light. 

*  r  'ni  i  >r:  2  v  <"iii  ■ 

died  from  ii.i  begln- 
■Jplrli  • 
i.-mi  r.'.  \   «    '  Issued  i"  the 

onlng  n  Jury:  from  Its  pUra 

venire  Ii.  I.i- 

v ,-n  i-^,.n.  to  or  \ Bn'son, 

I .  i  deer  as  bunted  for  I I 

ime,  including  birds.    I  < 
hunt  | 

\  r-lll     |,   .  111.-   ".I.'illl    ll^lllll    ll-> 

t  word       ii  iromf  | 
ii'ii  inn.  |  I.  The  poison  lus  fluid 

in-,  secrete, 
.1  into 
:.  3        thing  harm- 
ful;  I  dte     3  .   \i.\  poison.    I  <  I  '1 

tnlvi 

Syn_:  viru-  •      le  animal  secretion,  nor- 

mal, tho  poisonou-  '   lefenae  for  the 

»nim«i  am..  rpenta,  etc     It  is  In- 

juria .  cln  ilation  directly, 

as  through  a  on  of  the  skin.   Virus, 

likewnoin.lsanantm.il  product,  but  toe  result  of  some  mor- 
bid process  boi  or  hospital  gangrene,  and  is 
injurious  only  when  introduced  directly  Into  the  blood,  as  by 
Inoculation  through  some  scratch,  wound,  or  other  means  of 
direct  transmission.  —  Ant_:  antidote,  antiseptic  corrective, 
counteractive,  cure,  remedy,  restorative—  veil  'oni-oii-,  a 
1.   -  '.'.  Working  harm:  baneful; 
malignant.     Situ  see  KAUCIOOB.     -I).  ads.     -ness,  n. 
\eiioii-.  .  L  Pertaining  to  the  veins. 
7.  M                         r  having  veins.     [<  L.  venosus,  <  tena, 
u-iiou*  blood,  the  blood  earrleij  by  the  veins:  dls- 
t.lood  by  Its  darker  color. 
vent,  1  real ;  2  vent     I1,  rf.    1.  To  give  public  or  audible 
•   ision  to,  as  that  which  struggles  for  utterano       '-'■ 
I  v.-nt,  as  B  gn-      '1.  To  mak'-  a 
i      4.  To  relieve  as  by  giving  vent  to 
something.    II.  n.    1.  An  opening,  commonly  small,  for 
the  passag'  r ;  hence,  an  outlet  of  any 
kind    vent '»hole";.    S.  The  act  of  giving  uttenu 
to  passion.                         now  usually  in  the  phrase  to 
give  vent  to.    3.  The  external  opening  of  the  alimen- 
tary canal,  especially  of  animals  below  mammal-;  the 
anus.     4.   Ordnanr.     \   toueh'hole.     [<    F.  fente,    < 
fendre.  <  L.  Undo,  split.)— ven'ter,  n. 
vent  'age,  1  vent'ij ;  2  vent'ag.  n.    A  small  opening;  especially, 

;n  a  musleal  Instrument.  [  <  vent,  n.] 
ven'tall,  1  ren'tS  2  vcn't.ll.  n.  Same  as  a  vent aile. 
H-n'tl-'luii.  .  b-dokt;  2  ven'ti-dQet,  a.    Arch.    An  air- 

passage,  especially  a  subterranean  ventllatlng-passage.    [< 
ictus,  leading;  see  dcct.i 
ven'tl-1  it.  .  2  veVti-lat.  vt.   (-LAT*EDd; -lat"- 

l  •  irculation  of  air  in,  as  by 

ifts,  windows,  doors,  etc.;  admit  fresh 
air  into.     '!.  v    with   a  vent.     3.   To   make 

. 
4    .    .  •  wheat.      [  «"    I.    ventilatua,  pp. 

Mo.  fan.|     Sjtij  see  PUBUBH.     ven  'tl-lat"lng,  n 
i.n'il-la  'tlon.  i.-n'il-l  i  "ih   ■•-.         ien't|-la"tor,  n. 

fresh  air. 
ven'tral.  I  n'tral.  a.     1.  Anal.  <fc  Zod.  Per- 

taining to  or  situated  on  the  abdomen.     2.  Bat.  Pertain- 
I  an  organ.     [F.,  < 
ntraUt,  <   I.,  tenter,  belly.)— ven'tral-ly,  ndr . 
\en   trl-<l  <•  ,  1  ven'tn-kl ;  2  ver.'tri-el,  n.     Any  cavity  of 
rgan,  as  of  the  brain;  especially,  one  of  the 
two  chambers  of  the  heart,  from  which  blood  is  forced 
into  the  arteries.     [  <    L.r  zentriculu*,  dim.  of  venter, 
belly.)  —  ven-trlc'u-lar,  a      vcn-trlr'u-lou-:. 
vcM-tril'o-^ul-m,      1      vn-t  nl'o-kwizm;     2     ven-tru"o- 
kwf^m,  n.     The  act  or  practise  of  speaking  in  such  a 
manner  that  the  sounds  seem  to  come  from  some  source 
other  than  the  person  speaking.    [  <  L.  tenter,  belly,  + 


>.  u-lrll  ,w,|ii)  ;.      nil 'lrl-lo'uul-al.    ,i 
.in*;    to   or    practising    ventriloquism       \en-trll"o- 
quis'Urt)     »en-trU'o-quoust.     ren-trU'o-ojulit,    n 

i.n-l  rll  o-i|iil/e.  i .  n-l  rll  o-nlllse  ; . 

Irll    I  lire.   I  i  hi  .  i      |\  l  \  - 

1 1  in  n .  \ »  s '  1 1  ii-ini,  ]    I.  /     I.  To  undertake  at,  or  sub 
•  i,  the  risk  ol  harni  01  loss,  in  the  bope  "i  gaining  a 
'.'.   i ..  i  mi  thi   ri 
i  ,v .     ;t.  ro  expose  to  the  risk  of  denial  or  refuta- 
tion; 'it  on  probable  evidence     II.  i,    T>> 
mill.  Hake  a  thing  involving  dangei  01  risk;  run  ■  ri  I. 

len'liir-er,  ti 

\en  lure,  i.  ["he  -taking  ..i  a  limit-  upon  a  contin- 
gency; :i  baaard;  n-k  'i.  An  undertaking  attended  with 
risk  .  a  business  speculation.  3.  That  which  is  ventured; 
especially,  propeii  I  .  Thai  which  is  unfore- 

.n.i  basardoua;  .ii.in.-i'.    Byn    see  b  ubard     b!  a  ren- 
ture.  al  baaard;  ai  random     ren'ture  some^a     I,  Bold; 

daring     'i.  Involving  ha/.anl.     Syii.;  mvihuu,  iiii'iii  ni\r 

-I),  otft.  -neaa,  n  ren'tur-ous(  a  adventurous, 
Sj'n.:  see  iMrmnKM'.  -i},<K/r  •neaa, n, 
ten  'tie,  l  ven'yQ;  E  v^n'yu,  /  I.  The  place  whan 
a  crime  is  committed  oi  a  trial  is  bald.  8<  The  clause 
in  an  indictment  indicating  the  county  in  which  the 
pr teding  is  pending     I'd.,  <   I.  vsnto,  come.] 

\i  'llllv,    1    vfnUB;  8   Vfi'ntU,   n.      I.    Myth.  Originally,   the 

I. aim  g.xld.-->  of  spring  and  of  vines;  later,  the  Koinan 

goddi  identified  with  the  Greek    Aphrodite. 

'£.  The  second  planet  iroiu  the  sun,  the  most  brilliant 
object  iii  the  heavens  except  the  bud  and  moon     3. 

|v-]  Cotuh.    A   bivalve   having   three  cardinal    teeth   in 
each    valve,    as    the    round    clam.      |l.,    personification 

of  ventu,  love;  akin  to  Bans,  twn,  win.)  Venus'!  M>«trap, 
a  herb  with  leaves  whloh  close  upon  and  entrap  Insects  light- 
ing upon  them.  — Ve'nUS-berg,  n.  In  medieval  German 
legend,  the  mountain  atiode  of  Venus. — Ve'nu8,s«comb", 
1.  \  I  rjropean  plant,  With  leaves  suggestive  of  a  comb. 
'i.  An  Last -Indian  murex  armed  with  long  spines. 

ver.,  nh/ir.   Versa 

ve-ra 'clous,  1  vi-re'shus;  2  ve-rft'ahUB,  a.  1.  Habitually 
disposed  to. speak  the  truth;  truthful.  2.  Conforming  to 
or  expressing  truth;  true  |  <  L,  verax  (verac-),  <  verus, 
true  1  -ly,  adv. — ie-rac'l-tj,  n  t.  Ilaliltual  regard  for 
truth;  truthfulness.  2.  Agreement  with  truth  or  fact;  true- 
.'1.  That  which  Is  true;  truth. 
Syn.:  candor,  fact,  frankness,  honesty,  Ingenuousness, 
reality,  truth,  truthfulness,  verity.  Truth  Is  primarily  and 
verity  Is  always  a  quality  of  thought  or  speech,  especially  of 
speech,  as  In  exact  conformity  to  fact.  Veracity  is  properly 
a  quality  of  a  person,  the  habit  of  speaking  and  the  dispo- 
sition io  speak  the  iruili;  a  habitual  liar  may  on  some  oc- 
casions speak  the  truth,  but  that  does  not  constitute  him  a 
man  of  veracity;  on  the  other  hand,  a  person  of  undoubted 
"rucltu  may  state  (through  Ignorance  or  misinformation) 
What  Ls  not  the  truth.  Triith/utruxs  Is  a  quality  that  may 
Inhere  either  In  a  person  or  In  his  statements  or  beliefs. 
Candor,  /ran truss,  hum  sty,  and  ingenuousness  are  allied 
With  veracity,  and  /act,  reality,  and  verity  with  truth,  while 
truthfulness  may  accord  With  either.  Truth  In  a  secondary 
sense  may  be  applied  to  Intellectual  action  or  moral  char- 
acter, In  the  former  case  becoming  a  close  synonym  of 
"racily;  as.  I  know  him  to  be  a  man  of  inilli.  Ant.:  deceit, 
deception,  delusion,  duplicity,  error,  fabrication,  fallacy, 
falsehood,  falsity,  fiction,  guile,  imposture,  lie,  untruth. 

Ve'ra  Cruz,  1  ve'ra  krQz;  2  ve/rii  cruz.  A  seaport  city  of  S.  E. 
Mexico;  pop.  48.633. 

ve-ran'da,  1  vi-ran'da;  2  ve-rSn'da,  n.  An  open  portico 
or  gallery  along  the  side  of  a  building.  [<  Hind. 
taranda,  <  O.  Sp.  raranda.]    ve-ran'dah;. 

verb,  1  vurb;  2  v5rb,  n.  That  part  of  speech  which  as- 
declari  -.  or  predicates  something.  [  <  h.r  verbum, 
word.)  -ver'bal.  I.  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  words  rather  than 
t  he  ideas  they  convey.  2.  Uttered  by  the  mouth;  not  wrlt- 
ten;  oral.  3.  Corresponding  word  for  word;  literal.  4.  Gram. 
Pertaldng  to  or  derived  from  a  verb. 

Synj  literal,  oral,  vocal.  These  words,  whose  ety- 
mology would  make  them  similar  In  meaning,  are  differen- 
tiated In  usage  by  their  applications.  Oral  (L.  os,  the 
mouthi  signifies  uttered  through  the  mouth  or  (in  common 
phrase,  by  word  of  mouth;  vocal  (L.  vox,  the  voice)  slg- 
Of  or  pertaining  to  the  voice,  uttered  or  modulated 
by  the  voice,  and  especially  uttered  with  or  sounding  with 
full,  resonani  voice;  literal  (I,,  lilrru,  a  letter)  signifies  con- 
sisting of  or  expressed  by  letters,  or  according  to  the  letter 
In  the  broader  sense  of  the  exact  meaning  or  requirement 
of  the  words  used;  what  Is  called  "the  letter  of  the  law"  Is 
Its  literal  meaning  without  going  behind  what  Is  expressed 
by  the  letters  on  the  page.  Thus  oral  applies  to  that  which 
is  given  by  spoken  words  In  distinction  from  that  which  Is 
written  or  printed;  as,  oral  tradition;  an  oral  examination. 
By  this  rule  we  should  In  strictness  speak  of  an  oral  con- 
tract or  an  oral  message,  but  verbal  contract  and  verbal 


1:8=  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  owt;    ell;    10  =  feud;    dlin;    go;    Q  =  aing;    thin,    this.  Venice 

849      2:  wolf,  d«;   book,   boot;  fall,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.      versatile 


message,  as  indicating  that  which  is  by  spoken  rather  than 
by  written  word,  have  become  so  fixed  in  the  language  that 
they  can  probably  never  be  changed;  this  usage  is  also  in 
line  with  other  idioms  of  the  language;  as,  "1  give  you  my 
word";  "a  true  mans  word  is  as  good  as  his  bond";  "by 
word  of  mouth,"  etc.  A  verbal  translation  may  be  oral  or 
written,  so  that  it  is  word  for  word;  a  literal  translation 
follows  the  construction  and  idiom  of  the  original  as  well 
as  the  words;  thus  a  literal  translation  is  more  than  one 
that  is  merely  verbal;  both  verbal  and  literal  are  opposed  to 
free.  In  the  same  sense,  of  attending  to  words  only,  we 
speak  of  verbal  criticism,  a  verbal  change.  Vocal  has  pri- 
mary reference  to  the  human  voice;  as,  vocal  sounds,  vocal 
music;  vocal  may  be  applied  within  certain  limits  to  in- 
articulate sounds  given  forth  by  other  animals  than  man; 
as,  the  woods  were  vocal  with  the  songs  of  birds;  oral  is 
never  so  applied. 

II.  n.  A  noun  derived  from  a  verb. — ver'bal-ism,  n.  1.  A 
verbal  expression.  2.  A  meaningless  form  of  words;  wordi- 
ness.— ver'bal-ist,  n.  One  who  deals  with  words;  a  critic 
of  words.— ver'bal-ly,  adv.— ver-ba'tim,  adv.  In  the 
exact  words;  word  for  word. — ver'bl-age,  n.  Use  of  un- 
necessary words;  superabundance  of  words.  Syn.:  see  cir- 
cumlocution; diction. — ver-bose',  a.  Employing  an  un- 
necessary number  of  words;  wordy;  prolix.  Syn.;  see  gar- 
rulous.    -ly,  adv.   -ness,  n. — ver-bos'i-ty,  n. 

ver-be'na,  1  var-bl'na;  2  ver-be'na,  n.  An  American 
plant  of  the  vervain  family  having  dense  terminal  spikes 
of  showy  flowers.    [  <  L.  verbena,  sacred  bough.] 

Ver"cin-get'o-rix,  1  vur"sin-jet'o-riks;  2  ver"ein-get'o-riks, 
n.     (     -45  B.  C?)  A  Gallic  chieftain. 

ver'dant,  1  vur'dant;  2  ver'dant,  o.  1.  Green  with 
vegetation;  covered  with  grass  or  green  leaves;  fresh. 
2.  [Colloq.]  Immature  in  experience;  unsophisticated. 
[  <  F.  verdoyer,  ppr.  verdoyanl.  grow  green.]  Syn.:  see  fresh; 
rustic. — ver'dan-cy,  n. — ver'dant-ly,  adv. 

verd"*an-tique\  1  vurd"=an-tlk';  2  verd"=an-tlk',  n.  1. 
An  ornamental  stone,  usually  green  or  green-mottled. 
2.  A  green  coating  that  forms  on  ancient  bronzes.  [  < 
OF.  verd  antique,  ancient  green.]    verd  an  tiro ; . 

Ver'di,  1  ver'di;  2  ver'di,  Giuseppe  (1813-1901).  An  Italian 
composer;  /(  Trovalore;  Slabat  Mater. 

ver'dict,  1  vur'dikt;  2  ver'diet,  n.  1.  The  decision  of  a 
jury  in  an  action.  2.  A  conclusion  expressed;  an  opinion. 
[<  LL.OF  veredictum,  <  L.  vere,  truly,  +  dictum,  saying.] 

ver'di-gris,  1  vur'di-gris;  2  ver'di-gris,  n.  The  green  rust 
of  copper,  or  a  green  crystallized  substance  obtained 
from  copper:  used  as  a  pigment,  etc.  [  <  OF.  verd  de 
oris.  lit.  Greek  green.] 

ver'dl-ter.  1  vur'di-tar;  2  ver'di-ter,  n.  A  light=blue  or  green 
pigment,  made  by  treating  cupric  nitrate  with  a  calcium 
carbonate,  as  chalk;  also,  a  cupric  acetate.  [<  OF.  verd  de 
irrre,  <  verd  (sec  vert)  +  L.  de,  from,  +  terra,  earth.] 

Ver"dun',  1  var"duh';  2  ver"duh',  n.  A  fortified  town  in 
N.  E.  France;  scene  of  indecisive  fighting  between  Germans 
and  French,  1914-18. 

ver 'dure,  1  vfir'jur  or  -diur;  2  ver'jur  or  -dur,  n.  The 
fresh  greenness  of  thrifty  vegetation,  or  such  vegeta- 
tion itself.     [F.]— ver'dure-less,  a. — ver'dur-ous,  a. 

ver-cln',  1  fer-ain';2  fer-In',  n.    A  society;  a  union.    [G.] 

verge,  1  vurj;  2  verg,  vi.  To  come  near;  approach;  bor- 
der: often  with  on.    \  <  L.  vergo,  incline.] 

verge,  n.  1.  The  extreme  edge;  border;  brink;  margin. 
2.  A  bounding  line;  hence,  a  circlet;  ring.  3.  A  stick  or 
rod,  especially  as  a  wand  or  staff.  4.  Arch.  (1)  A 
column»shaft.  (2)  The  edge  of  the  tiles  which  project 
over  a  gable.  [F.,  <  L.  viraa,  twig.]  Syn.:  see  boundary; 
margin.  —  verg'er,  n.  1.  An  officer  who  carries  a  wand; 
usher  in  charge  of  a  church.    2||.  A  master  of  ceremonies. 

Ver'gll,  1  vur'jil;  2  ver'gll,  n.  A  Roman  epic  poet  (70-19 
B.  C);  author  of  the  .Km  id:  sometimes  written  Virgil. 
Publlus  Vergilitis  Marol  [L.|— Ver-gH'l-an,  a.  Per- 
taining to  or  in  Die  style  of  Vergil.    Vlr-gll'1-ant. 

ve-rid '1-cal,  1  vi-rid'i-kel;  2  ve-rfd'i-eal,  a.  Telling  or 
expressing  the  truth.     [<  L.  verus,  true,  4-  dico,  speak.] 

ver'l-fy,  1  ver'i-fcri;  2  ver'i-fy,  vt.  [-fied;  -ky"in<;.1  1. 
To  prove  to  be  true  or  accurate;  substantiate;  confirm; 
also,  to  compare  with  a  view  to  such  proof.  2.  To  fulfil, 
as  a  promise.  3.  Law.  To  affirm  under  oath.  4.  To 
authenticate.  [<  L.LL+OF  verus,  true,  +  facio,  make.] 
ver'l-fi"a-bl(e' ',  a.  -ver"I-fl-ca'tlon,  «.  —  ver'l-H"er,  n. 

ver'i-ly,  1  ver'i-h;  2  vSr'i-ly,  adv.  1.  In  truth;  assuredly. 
'!.  Sincerely  and  truly;  really. 

ver"i-sim'i-Iar,  1  ver"i-sim'i-lar;  2  ver"i-slm'i-lar,  a. 
Appearing  or  seeming  to  be  true;  likely.  [<  L.  verum, 
truth,  +  slmilis.  like.)  -ly,  adv.— ver"l-sl-mH'l-tude,  n. 
1.  Appearance  of  truth;  likelihood.  2.  Realism.  3.  That 
which  resembles  truth.    Syn.:  see  probability. 

ver'i-ly,  1  ver/i-ti;  2  veVi-ty,  n.     [-ties',  pi.]     1.  Tho 

quality  of  being  correct,  or  true  as  a.  statement  or  repre- 
sentation of  reality.    2.  A  true  statement;  a  fact;  truth. 


[<  L.f  ueriia (t-)s,  truth,  <  verus,  true.]  Syn.:  see  veracity. 
— ver'l-ta-bl(ep,  a.  Conforming  to  truth  or  fact;  genuine. 
Syn.:  see  authentic.— ver'I-ta-bly,  adv. 

ver'julce,  1  vur'jus;  2  ver'juc,  n.  1.  The  sour  juice  of 
green  fruit,  as  of  unripe  grapes.  2.  Sharpness  of  manner; 
acidity.     [<  OF.  verd,  green,  +  jus,  broth,  juice.] 

ver'meil,  1  vur'mil;  2  ver'mil,  n.  1.  Silver  or  bronze  gilt. 
2.  A  transparent  water-varnish.  3.  An  orange-red  garnet. 
4.  [Poet,  or  Obs.]  Vermilion,  or  the  color  of  vermilion.  [OF., 
<  L.  vermiculus,  dim.  of  vermis,  worm.] 

Ver-me'jo,  1  ver-me'ho;  2  ver-me'ho,  n.  A  river  in  N.  Argen- 
tine Republic;  length,  1,000  m.  to  the  Paraguay  river. 

Ver'mes,  1  vur'miz;  2  ver'mes.,  n.  pi.  Zool.  A  division 
of  animals,  including  earthworms,  seatworms,  leeches, 
rotifers,  polyzoans,  etc.    [L.,  pi.  of  vermis,  worm.] 

ver'mi-,  1  vur'mi-;  2  ver'mi-.  From  Latin  vermis, 
worm:  a  combining  form. — ver"ml-cel'll,  1  vur*mi-sel'i;  2 
ver*mi-cel'i.  n.  A  paste  made  into  slender  worm-like  pipes. 
— ver-mlc'u-lar,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  a  worm;  having  the 
form  or  motion  of  a  worm.  2.  Like  the  tracks  of  a  worm. — 
vermicular  work.  1.  Rom.  Anliq.  A  form  of  mosaic.  2. 
Rustic  finish,  as  on  stone,  vermiculated  workl.—  ver- 
mic'u-late,  v.  [-lat"ed<';  -lat*ing.]  \.t.  To  adorn  with 
tracery  simulating  the  tracks  of  worms.  II.  1  To  become 
worm-eaten. — ver-mic'u-late,  a.  1.  Worm-like  or  covered 
with  worm-like  markings.  2.  Having  the  motions  of  a  worm; 
hence,  insinuating.  3.  Worm-eaten. — ver-mlc"u-la't!on, 
n.  1.  Worm-like  motion,  as  of  the  intestines.  2.  Vermicular 
ornamentation.  3.  The  state  of  being  wormy;  a  track 
left  by  worms.  4.  A  fine  wavy  color-marking,  as  on  a  bird. 
— ver-mlc'u-Iose,  a.  1.  Worm-eaten;  wormy  2.  Worm- 
shaped,  ver-mlc'u-lous}. — ver'ml-form,  a.  Like  a  worm. 
— vermiform  appendix,  a  slender,  worm=like  pouch  at  the 
end  of  the  csecum  in  man  and  certain  other  mammals. — 
ver'ml-fuge,  n.  Any  remedy  that  destroys  intestinal  worms. 

ver-niil'ioii,  1  var-mil'yan;  2  ver-mu'yon,  n.  1.  A  bril- 
liant durable  red  pigment  obtained  by  grinding  cin- 
nabar to  a  fine  powder,  or  prepared  artificially.  2.  The 
color  of  the  pigment,  bright  red  tending  toward  orange. 
[<  F.  vermilion,  a  bright  red.]    ver-mil'liont. 

Ter'min,  1  vur'min;  2  ver'min,  n.  sing.  &  pi.  A  noxious 
small  animal  or  parasitic  insect,  as  lice,  fleas,  worms,  rats, 
mice,  etc.,  also  certain  animals  injurious  to  game,  as 
weasels,  owls,  etc.  [<  L.F  vermis,  worm.] — ver'mi- 
nate,  vi.  [-nat'ed'1;  -nat"ing.]  To  produce  or  be  infested 
with  vermin. — ver"mi-na'tion,  n. — ver'mi-nous,  a.  1. 
Infested  with  vermin.  2.  Affected  with  intestinal  worms,  or 
caused,  as  a  disease,  by  vermin. 

ver-mlp'a-rous,  a.  Breeding  worms.  [<  vermi-  +  L. 
parlo,  produce.]— ver-miv'o-rous,  o.  Eating  worms  or 
grubs.    [+  L.  voro.  devour.] 

Ver-mont',  1  var-ment';  2  ver-m6nt',  n.  A  New  England 
State  of  the  United  States;  9,564  sq.  m.;  pop.  364,400; 
capital,  Montpelier. 

ver'muth,  1  ver'mufh;  2  ver'muth,  n.  A  liqueur  made  from 
white  wine  flavored  with  aromatic  herbs.  l<  G.  wermuth. 
wormwood.)     ver'moutht  . 

ver-nac'u-lar,  1  var-nak'yu-lar;  2  ver-nae'yy-lar.  I.  a. 
1.  Originating  in  or  belonging  to  one's  native  land; 
indigenous:  used  of  a  language,  idiom,  etc.  2.  Char- 
acteristic of  a  specific  locality  or  country;  local.  II.  n. 
One's  mother  tongue;  sometimes,  the  language  of  a 
locality  or  of  a  specific  calling.  [  <  L.  vemaculus,  < 
verna,  homeborn  slave.]  Syn.:  see  language.— ver-nac'- 
u-lar-lsm,  n.    A  vernacular  term  or  idiom. 

ver'nal,  1  vur'nal;  2  ver'nal,  o.  Belonging  to  spring; 
also,  pertaining  to  youth.  [F.,  <  LL.  vernalis,  <  h. 
ver,  spring.)    -ly,  adv. 

ver-na'tlon,  1  var-nc'sihan;  2  ver-na'shon.  ra.  Tho  disposi- 
tion of  leaves  within  the  leaf-bud,  as  regards  their  folding, 
coiling,  etc.  [<  L.  vernatio,  shedding  of  sktn  of  snakes,  < 
verno,  renew,  <  ver.  spring.)  [scientific  romances. 

Verne,  1  varn;2  vern,  Jules  (1828-1905).    A  French  writer  of 

ver'nl-er,  1  vOr'm-ar;  2  ver'nl-er,  n.  A  small  movable  auxil- 
iary scale  for  obtaining  fractional  parts  of  the  subdivisions 
of  a  fixed  scale.     [F.,  after  Pierre  Vernier,  who  Invented  It.] 

Ver'non,  1  vur'nan;  2  ver'non,  Edward  (1684-1757).  An 
English  admiral;  fought  t  be  Spaniards. 

Ve-ro'na,  1  vi-rf/na  or  (II.)  vc-rcVna;  2  ve-r5'na  or  (It.)  vq- 
ro'nii.  n.    A  cathedral  city  In  N.  E.  Italy;  pop.  86,500. 

Ve"ro-ne'se,  1  v6"ro-n6's6;  2  vc"ro-ne/se.  Paul.  Same  as 
( '  IGLIABI,  Paolo. 

Vcr-sallles\  1  var-sClz'  or  (F.)  ver"su'y,i;  2  ver-sMs/  or  (F.) 
vcr"Ha'ye.  n.  A  city  of  N.  central  Prance;  pop.  60,000;  sur- 
rendered to  the  Germans,   Sept.    19,    1870.      In   Its  palace 

built  by  Louis  \iv.,  Kint;  William  or  Prussia  was  pro- 
claimed German  emperor,  Jan  18,  1871,  and  the  Supreme 
War  Council  of  the  American,  British,  French,  and  Belgian 
allied  nations  met  1917  1918. 
ver'sa-til(ea,  1  yur'se-til  or  -tail;  2  ver'sa-tfl  or  -til,  a. 
1.  Having  an  aptitude  for  new  tasks  or  occupations; 
many-sided.      2.    .Subject   to   change;    inconstant.      3. 


\  III. III". 


•    n  ,.  it,  (■  i  .  I  i  0  <V    not.  *r;   full.  rOlr.   l>ut,  l>Orn; 

i  .  ,1111..    not.  oi,  won. 


BM 


1 1.    ■        1  .. 


1 


-ill   l-(«. 

I 

I 

I. 

\- 

>.  r-.      link    ,-r.  \  « rlter  "f 

.  -making,  i.  r-e   m.iii. 

t.    i KIT. 

\.  r    -I-.  I    .     . 

\.  r   -l-li  . 
I  I 

II 
rat   -i-n-.  i  il cer  -l-n  ar,  Om  who 

Bl> 

rerxd.  -  I  ■  |uainted 

o;    proficient 

\,  r  -i-.  ..i  or,  'or,  a.    1.  Bhow- 

i,  r  -l-i  ,,l    . -ii r . 

iIut  lii  different  lights:  Iri- 
d**<  tor,  color.] 

>  er-l  ii  . 

>t  r  -i. ,n.  .  l.  \  translation,  or 

into  another. 
by  the  relator 

Vol  horl/ed    \cr- 

-i.m.  ii  England  under  ad  of 

Pari'.  Kin*  James's  Version?.       K.- 

»i-.,i   \  .    .  •  the  Bible  made  bj    English  and 

ler'slon-al, 

i.r-i.  a  [TiBilaii  meaaure  ol  dlstanee: 

I  a  mile.    [  <  Kus   •  :.  turn] 

rcv'sna, 

in  naming  or  entitling  actions  in  courts;  :ls,  plaintiff 
t«Ti.  .  I  to  r.  or  is.     [L.] 

wri.  '.  n.     1.  Eng    Forest  Lair.     (1)  Anything 

that  grows  and  bears  gre-  nn  a  forest. 

right  to  cut  gree:  Aood  In  a  forest,     2.   Her 

.   <  OF.  tcrd,  <  L.  rfrftfe, 
re,  <  rirto.  be  . 
\ .  ri  . 

ter'te-hra,  1  vOr'u-bre.;  2  veVte-bra,  n.     [-hr.k.  pi.)     1. 

.1  column,    2. 
e  entire  axial 

starfish.     |<   L.  ■sriaora,  joint .]  — ver'te-bral,  a      1. 
Pertaining  to  or  of  the  nature  of  a  vertebra.    2.  Having  ver- 
tebra      \  ir"ti-bra'ta,  n.  pi.  Zool.  A  division  of  the  ani- 
mal kingdom  Inch:  te animals:  variously  ranked 
and  limited      ter'te-brate.     I.  a      1.  Having  a  back-bone 
or  spinal  column,  as  mammals,  birds,  reptiles,  amphibians. 
and  Qsbes.     Z.  Pertalni:  rtibrata.     3.  Having 
vertebraj  or  axial  ossicles.     II.  rate  animal;  au 
animal  with  a  backbone.  —  \er'te-brat"ed,  a.    Having  ver- 
tebras. 
ur'ivt,  1  vur'tf-ks;  2  verV-ks,  n.     (ver'tex-esz;  veh'- 
HH  ■",  pi  ]    The  hjgheel  point  of  anything;  apex;  top. 
•urn)   Synj  see  summit.  -  ver'tl-cal.    I.  a     1. 
Occupying  a  position  dlrcil.val.ovi-;   being  at  the  highest 
poir.                                odicularly  to  the  plane  of  the  horl- 
!  'iai.  Pertaining  to  tbe  vertex  of  the  head. 
II.  n                                                             rcle.   -ly,  adx.  -in--. 
n  r'H-i.il  'I  - 1  > . 
* «-r  •  1 1-#  1 1 .  .       -         l;  2  ver'tl-cll.  n.  filol.  A  set  of  organs,  as 
leaves  or  tentacles,  disposed  In  a  circle  around  an  axis;  whorl 
Uui.  whirl  of  a  spindle,  <  terto,  turn] 
»i-r-tl<-'ll-l.it.-,  |   i  ■  ---.  ver-tic'l-lfit  or 
'    -cll'S'.  i.   Hi'A.  Arranged  In  a  verticil  or  whorl,  or 
having  parts  so  ar-                                                -'telllwt.  whirl, 
wr-llc   il-l.il    ,  d    .      vi-r-tlc'll-lat)--!), 
tcr-tlc  "ll-la'llon,  n. 
ver'tl-go,  1  -. •Or'ti-go  or  rer-tai'go;  2  ver'ti-gn  or  ver-tJ'- 

iming  of  the  head; 

giddiness.     [L.,   <  rcrlo,  turn .]  —  ver-Ug'l-nous,  a.     1. 

go;  dizzy.    2.  Turning  round;  whirling. 

-I),    .  -in--. 

\  er-turn  nil-,  .   .    r-tum'ntjs:  2  ver-tum'nus.  n.  Horn.  Myth. 

A  god  of  the  changing  seasons:  hu«naDd  of  Pomona. 
ver'valn,  l  -r'van.  n.    Any  one  of  various 

i-Uke  plant - 

unemtaj  verbenas.     (<  Ol  <  L.  verbena, 

sacred  bough  ]    »er'velne:;  ier'»liie:. 


I  lenient  of  Imagination  and 
fpclli  '  ion.  artistic-  sntbui  I 

<ir'),  :  i.i     \\  i  u  i  i  a.  \  i  H  i  i  -i  |    Bo- 

ing  what  ii  •  ni., I  i, .  l>c.  rami;  actual; 

true  II.  I.  In  a  high  degree:  in  larg.-  moa 

'.'  .   \  i  i  .  i    .    raallj  I 

true  ] 
\  [bladdi  ■         i         M'-'l-ral,  ii 

to-sTra,  1  \  i  pi  ]     A 

Wn'I-I.iIi. 

is,.  1  »es'l- 

cani.    I.  .1     BUater>produolng.    II.  n.    That  whli 
duces  bUatera;  ■  blister,     »i'-"i-c.i'iiiui,  a,     rin-  formation 
of  blisters;  blistering, 

!  i    .  \n\  small  bladder* 

like  cavity,  cell,  or  cyai      [<1      ■   icuia,  dim   ofaanca, 
bladdi         i.  --ii   ii-iir.         re-alc  n-i  \U 
\  aa-p  i  -i-.ui.  ■  .  •       \ 

Roman  emperor.    Tl'toi  Ha'Tt-ui  Vea-pa'al^'niu), 
u-s'per.  i  •, ■    par;    2  veVpSr.  I.  a      Pertaining  i"  the 
evening  ,,r  to  th«  servioe  of  veapei        Q<  l.  ;./. 

Scci      1     I  In-  laai  but  one  ol  the  seven  oanonioal  hours 
I  In-  evening  services  ol   prayer  or  song.     '!•  [V-l 
Venus  when  an  evening  stai     :t.  rh<  evening     1.  \  lull 
that  cails  to  veapert     res'pwbell'rt<    !•    01 

i  >■•- 'prr-ai,  a     res'per- 

iinie",  a     I.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  occurring  In  the  evening. 

■.'.  i  i  Ing,  opening,  etc.,  In  the  evening,  as  a  bat,  Dower,  etc 

Descending  toward  the  borlson  at  the  Bunsei 

liniir. 
\  cs-piK'cl,    A"nie-rrgo,    1    \i- 

pu'chl  ii,i    1612),     tn  Italian  navigator,  wno 

ins  arrival  uihui  the  Aini-ri.-aii  continent,  which  was 
named  after  him.  earlier  than  thai  of  Cabot  or  Colui 
res 'sell  1  ■-,-',  1.2  veVfil,  a,  1.  A  hollow  receptacle  ol  any 
form  or  material,  e-[ieeia]ly  one  capable  of  holding  a 
liquid  2.  A  ship  or  craft  designed  to  float  on  the  water: 
usuallv  one  larger  than  a  rowboal  :i.  Anal.  \  Zool. 
A  duet  or  canal  for  fluid,  as  a  vein  or  lymphatic,  4.  lint. 
A.  duct.    [<>F.,  <  L.  vaseeUitm,  dim.  of  aos,  vase,] 

\e-t    .   ]  2  vest,  i'.     I.  I.     1.  To  furnish  or  endow  ;>< 

with  authority;  invest.  2.  To  commit  to  or  confer  upon 
one  with  full  right  of  possession  or  exercise.  3.  To  con- 
fer ownership  of.  4.  To  clothe  with  a  vest  or  similar 
covering.  II.  i.  1.  To  clothe  oneself  with  vestments. 
2.  To  take  effect,  as  a  title.  [  <  OF.  vrstir,  <  L.  re*fto, 
<  vestis,  garment.]  vest'ed,  pa.  1.  Having  vestments; 
robed.  2.  Laic.  Held  by  a  tenure  subject  to  no  contin- 
gency; complete  vest 'Ing,  n.  Material  for  making  vests 
or  waistcoats:  commonly  plural. 

vest,  n.  1.  A  short  sleeveless  jacket  worn  by  men  and 
sometimes  by  woman  under  the  coat;  waistcoat.  2.  A 
close  jacket  formerly  worn  by  women;  now,  an  extra 
piece  or  trimming  on  the  front  of  the  body  of  a  woman's 
gown.  3.  A  garment  worn  beneath  the  shirt,  generally 
,.i  cotton  or  wool;  undervest.  4.  One  of  various  minor 
garments;  clothing;  vesture.  [<  F.  veste,  <  L.  testis, 
garment] — vest'ment,  n.  An  article  of  dress:  clothing: 
pari  icularly .  a  robe  of  state  or  one  of  the  ritual  garments  of 
the  clergy;  also,  an  altar-cloth.  Syn.:  see  ukess.  —  ves'try, 
n.  [ves'triesz,  pi.]  I.  A  room  where  vestments  are  put  on 
or  kept.  2.  A  room  attached  to  a  church ;  chapel.  3.  A  place 
of  meeting  for  the  parish  vestry;  a  vestry-hall.  4.  A  body 
administering  the  affairs  of  the  parish.  — ves'try-man,  n.  A 
member  of  a  restr]  ?es'tnre,n.  1.  Something  that  invests 
or  covers;  garments;  clothing;  a  robe.  2.  oidEno.  Law.  All 
that  covers  land,  except  trees.    Syn.:  see  dress. 

Ves'ta,  1  ves'to:  2  vfci'ta,  n.  1.  Rom.  .\fylh.  The  goddess  of 
the  hearth  and  the  hearth-fire,  protectress  of  the  slate  and 
custodian  of  the  sacred  fire  tended  by  the  vestal  virgins. 
Hcs'tl-a:  [Or].  2.  The  temple  of  Vesta.  [L.J— ves'tal. 
I.  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  Vesta.  2.  Suitable  for  a  vestal  or  a 
nun.  II.  n.  I.  Rom.  Antlq.  One  of  t  he  virgin  priestesses  of 
\  eeta.    2.  A  woman  of  pure  character;  a  virgin;  nun. 

ves'ti-bule,  1  ves'u-biul;  2  ves'ti-bul,  n.  1.  A  small 
antechamber  between  tin-  outer  door  of  a  building  and 
an  interior  one.  2.  An  enclosed  passage  from  one  rail- 
way passenger-car  to  another.  3.  Formerly,  a  walled 
before  the  entrance  to  a  Roman  house;  later,  a 
porch.  4.  Anat.  Any  one  of  several  communicating 
channels.  [P.,  <  I,,  vestibulum,  <  re-,  apart,  +  stabu- 
lum;  see  stable,  n.] — ves-tlb'u-lar,  a.  Pertaining  to  or 
like  a  vestibule,  especially  in  anatomy,  ws-tlb'u-latet. — 
\c-'tl-buled,  /;'/     Supplied  With  or  having  a  vestibule. 

m-  tige,  1  ves'tij;  2  ves'tig,  n.  A  visible  trace  or  impres- 
sion, or  a  sensible  evidence  or  sign,  of  something  absent, 
lost,  or  gone;  trace;  originally,  a  footprint;  track. 
[F.,  <  L.  tcstlQliim.  footstep.]  Syn.:  see  mark;  trace. — 
res- tig'i-ai,       Biol    Having  become  small  or  degenerate. 

\  est  'Ing,  vest  'meat,  res'try,  etc    Bee  vest. 

Ve-su'vl-us,  1  vi-slO'vi-us;  2  ve-su'vl-us,  n.    A  volcano  on  the 


1:3— final;    l  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  owt;    oil;    10  =  feud;    thin;    go;    0  =  sing;    fhin,   this. 
851        2:wQlf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but,   bQrn;  oil,  boy,  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this. 


verse 
vicious 


Common  Vetch 
or  Tare. 

a,  the  pod. 

11.  n.    A  veter- 


Bay  of  Naples,  Italy;  4,2(>7  ft.  high;  destructive  eruptions 
A.  1).  79  (see  Pompeii)  and  1906.— Vc-su'vl-an,  a. 

7ct.,  veter.,  abbr.    Veterinary. 

vetch,  1  vecli;  2  v6ch,  n.     An  annual  climbing  plant  of 
the    bean  family,   or  one  of   various 
kindred  plants.     [  <  F.  vesce,  <  L.  vtcia, 
vetch.] 

vet'er-an,  1  vet'ar-an;  2  veVer-an.  I. 
a.  1.  Having  had  long  experience  or 
practise;  old  in  service.  2.  Belonging 
to  or  suggestive  of  a  veteran.  II.  re. 
One  long  trained  or  exercised  in  any 
service:  said  especially  of  a  soldier  or 
an  ex=soldier.  [  <  L.  veteranus,  <  vetus 
{veter-),  old.] 

vet'er-i-na-ry,  1  vet'ar-i-ne-n;  2  v6t'- 
er-i-na-ry.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  dis- 
eases or  injuries  of  domestic  animals, 
as  the  horse,  and  to  their  treatment, 
inarian.  [  <  L.  veterinarius,  <  veterina,  beast  of  bur- 
den.]— vet"er-i-na'ri-an,  re.  A  practitioner  of  veterinary 
medicine  or  surgery. 

ve'to,  1  vi'to;  2  ve'to.  I.  vt.  1.  To  refuse  executive 
approval  to  (a  bill  passed  by  a  legislative  body).  2.  To 
forbid  or  prohibit  authoritatively;  refuse  approval  to. 
II.  n.  [ve'toes2,  pi.]  1.  The  prerogative  in  a  chief 
executive  of  refusing  to  approve  a  legislative  enactment. 
2.  The  act  of  vetoing;  also,  the  official  communication 
containing  a  refusal  of  approval  to  a  bill.  3.  Any 
authoritative  prohibition.     [L.,  I  forbid.] — ve'to-er,  n. 

Vet.  Surg.,  abbr.    Veterinary  Surgeon. 

vex',  1  veks;  2  vfks,  vt.  1.  To  provoke  to  anger  or  dis- 
pleasure by  inflicting  small  irritations;  irritate;  annoy. 
2.  To  cause  to  suffer  grief;  afflict.  3.  To  throw  into 
physical  commotion;  agitate;  disturb.  4.  To  make  a 
subject  of  dispute;  as,  a  vexed  question.  [  <  F.  vexer, 
<  L.  vexo,  shake.]  Syn.:  see  affront;  pique. — vex-a'- 
tlon,  re.  1.  The  act  of  vexing,  or  the  state  of  being  vexed. 
2.  That  which  vexes.  Syn.:  see  chagrin;  impatience. — 
vex-a'tlous,  a.  1.  Being  a  source  of  vexation;  troublesome. 
2.  Full  of  vexation.  Syn.:  see  troublesome;  wearisome. 
-Iy,  adv.    -ness,  n. — vext,  pp.     Vexed. 

vex-il'lum,  1  veks-il'um;  2  v&ks-H'um,  re.  [-la.  pi.}  Rom. 
Antig.  A  square  battle=flag  or  standard,  as  carried  by  a 
cavalry  troop.  [L.,  <  re  ho,  carry.] — vex'il-lar,  a.  Pertain- 
ing to  a  standard. — vex'il-la-ry,  re.    A  standard=bearer. 

V.  G.,  abbr.  Vicar  General. — v.  g.,  abbr.  [L.j  Verbi  gratia 
(for  sake  of  example). — v.  I.,  vt.,  abbr.    Verb  intransitive. 

vl'a,  1  vai'a;  2  vi'a.  I.  n.  [vi'^e,  1  vai'I;  2  vf'e,  pi.]  A 
Roman  highway;  as,  the  Via  Appia.  II.  prep.  Byway 
of:  said  of  the  route  traveled  over  or  any  place  passed 
through.     Hit-  inter j.    Away!  begone!  also,  up!     [L.] 

vi'a-bl(ep,  1  vcu'a-bl;  2  vi'a-bl,  a.  Capable  of  maintain- 
ing life,  as  a  normal  newborn  infant.  [F.,  <  L.  vita, 
life,  <  vivo,  live.]— vT'a-bH'I-ty,  n. 

vl'a-duct,  1  vai'a-dukt;  2  vl'a-dtiet,  n.  A  bridge=like 
structure,  especially  a  large  one  of  arched  masonry,  to 


,**;** 


H£ 


y^m< 


<,.JM 


Viaduct  over  the  Goltsch  River,  Saxony, 

carrv  a  roadway  or  the  like;  over  a  valley  or  ravine. 
Compare  AQUEDUCT.  [<  L.LI'  via,  way,  +  ductus,  a 
leading] 

vi'al,  1  vai'al;  2  vl'al,  n.  1.  A  small  bottle,  commonly  of 
glass  and  cylindrical.  2.  More  widely,  any  bottle.  [< 
V.  Hole,  ■     i;r.'-  phiall,  cup.|    phi 'alt;  vl'olf;  vl'olet. 

vi'and,  1  vai'and;  2  vi'and,  n.  An  article  of  food,  espe- 
cially meat;  in  the  plural,  victuals;  provisions;  food. 
[  <  F.  viande.]    Syn.:  see  pood. 

vi-at'le,  1  voi-at'ik;  2  vf-at'ic,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a 
journey.  [  <  L.  viaticus,  <  via,  way.] — vi-at'i-cum,  n. 
1.   Rom.  Antig.  The  provision  of  aecessarles  for  an  official 

Journey  of  a  magistrate,    2.  Eccl.  The  eucharlst,  as  given 

to  one  on  the  verge  of  death.    3t.  Provision  for  a  Journey. 

Viaud,  1  vyo;  2  vyo.  Louis  Marie  Jullen  (1860-         ).     A 

French  novelist;  pen-name,  Pierre  LotI:  I'triuur  d'islande. 

Vl'borg,  1  vl'borg;  2  vi'biirg,  A.  A  fortified  Seaport  In  S.  10. 
Finland,  pop.  33,000. 


Viburnum. 


vi 'brant,  1  voi'brent;  2  vi'br.ant,  a.  Having,  showing,  or 
resulting  from  vibration;  vibrating;  resonant.  [F.,  <  L. 
vibrant(t-)s,  ppr.  of  vibro.  shake.] — vi'bran-cy,  n.  The 
state  or  character  of  being  vibrant;  resonance. 

vi'brate,  1  vai'bret;  2  vi'brat,  vt.  &  vi.  [vi'brat-ed"1; 
vi'brat-ing.]  1.  To  put  in  vibration;  move  or  swing 
back  and  forth,  as  a  pendulum  or  a  musical  string,  etc. 
2.  Hence,  to  oscillate;  fluctuate;  vacillate.  [<  L.  vibra- 
tus,  pp.  of  vibro,  brandish.]  Syn.:  see  quake;  shake. — vl- 
bra'tion,  n.  1.  The  act  of  vibrating;  oscillation.  2.  A 
complete  rapid  motion  back  and  forth,  as  of  the  parts  of  an 
elastic  solid,  or  of  a  fluid  that  has  been  disturbed.  Syn.:  see 
wave.— vi-bra'tlon-al,  a.— vl"bra-tll'i-ty,  re.  Capability 
of  vibration.— vi 'bra-tor,  n. — vi 'bra-to-ry,  a.  Pertaining 
to  or  causing  vibration.    vl'bra-tll(est;  vl'bra-tlvte1*}. 

Vi-bur'nuni,  1  vai-bur'num;  2  vi-bur'ntim,  n.  Bot.  1. 
A  large  genus  of  shrubs  or  small 
trees  of  the  honeysuckle  family, 
bearing  small  flowers  and  berry» 
like  fruit.  2.  [v-]  A  plant  of  this 
genus.    [L.,  wayfaring=tree.] 

Vic,  abbr.    Victoria. 

vic'ar,  1  vik'ar;  2  vic'ar,  n.  1.  One 
who  is  authorized  to  perform  func- 
tions, especially  religious  ones,  in 
the  stead  of  another.  2.  [Eng.] 
The  priest  of  a  parish  of  which  the 
main  revenues  are  held  by  others;  n^lZ?l»L?,l™' 
a  perpetual  curate.     3.  R.  C.  Ch. 

A  person  in  orders  who  assists  a  bishop.  [<  L.p 
vicarius;  see  vicarious.] — vicar  of  Christ  (R.  C.  Ch.), 
the  Pope.— vie 'ar-age,  n.  1.  The  benefice,  office,  or  duties 
of  a  vicar,  vlc'ar-shipt.  2.  A  vicar's  residence. — vi-ca'- 
ri-al,  a.  1.  Vicarious.  2.  Belonging  or  relating  to  a  vicar. 
— vi-ca'rl-ate.  I.  a.  Holding  office  as  a  delegate;  vicari- 
ous. II.  re.  1.  A  delegated  office  or  power;  specif.,  that  of 
a  vicar.    2.  The  condition  of  being  vicarious;  substitution. 

vi-ca'ri-ous,  1  vai-ke'ri-us;  2  vi-ca'ri-us,  o.  1.  Made  or 
performed  by  substitution;  suffered  or  done  in  place  of 
another.  2.  Filling  the  office  of  or  acting  for  another. 
3.  Belonging  to  a  vicar.  4.  Physiol.  Performing,  as  an 
organ,  the  functions  of  another;  substitutive.  [<  L. 
vicarius,  <  vicis,  gen.  of  *vix,  change.]   -Iy,  adv.   -ness,  n. 

vice1,  1  vois;  2  vig,  n.  1.  Habitual  deviation  from  moral 
rectitude;  depravity;  gross  immorality.  2.  Something 
that  mars;  a  defect.  3.  A  bad  trick,  as  of  a  horse.  [F., 
<  L.  vitium,  fault.)    Syn.:  see  sin. 

vice2,  re.    Same  as  vise. 

vice3,  n.  One  who  acts  in  the  place  of  another;  a  substi- 
tute; deputy.    [  <  vice-.]  [L.,  abl.  of  *vix,  change.] 

vi'ce,  1  vai'si;  2  vi'ce,  prep.    Instead  of;  in  the  place  of. 

vice-,  1  vais-;  2  vie-,  prefix.  Substitute;  subordinate; 
sub-;  second:  used  with  official  names  to  form  com- 
pound words  denoting  one  who  has  the  right  to  act  on 
occasion  in  place  of  the  officer  designated,  or  one  who  is 
just  below  such  officer  in  rank;  as,  tn'ce=chairman.  [< 
L.  vice,  instead  of,  <  *vix,  change.] — vlce'=ad"ml-ral,  n. 
A  naval  officer  next  In  rank  after  an  admiral. — v.suilml- 
ralty,  n. — v.^chancellor,  re.  1.  Law.  A  judge  In  equity 
courts  subordinate  to  the  chancellor.  2.  A  deputy  chancel- 
lor in  a  university.  3.  R.  V.  Ch.  The  head  cardinal  of  the 
chancery  having  charge  of  the  Pope's  bulls  and  briefs. — 
v. schaneellorshlp,  re. — v.sconsul,  re.  One  who  exercises 
consular  authority,  either  as  the  substitute  or  as  the  subor- 
dinate of  a  consul. — v. 'Consulship,  re.  -vlce-ge'rent.  I. 
a.  Acting  in  the  place  of  another,  usually  in  the  place  of  a 
superior.  II.  re.  One  duly  authorized  to  exercise  the  powers 
of  another;  a  deputy;  vicar. — vlce-ge'ral,  a. — vlce-ge'- 
ren-cy,  re. — v.  'president,  re.  One  who  Is  to  act,  on  oc- 
casion, in  place  of  a  president. — v. 'presidency,  re. — vlce- 
re'gal,  a.  Of  or  relating  to  a  viceroy,  vlce-roy'alt. — 
vlce'roy,  n.  A  ruler  acting  with  royal  authority  In  the  place 
of  the  sovereign.— vlce-roy 'al-ty,  n.    vlce'roy-shlpt. 

vie'e-na-ry,  1  vis'i-ne-n;  2  vl<,''e-na-ry,  o.  1.  Consisting 
of  or  pertaining  to  twenty.  2.  Relating  to  a  system  of 
notation  based  upon  twenty.  |  <  L.  vicenarius,  < 
Vtcetlt,  twenty  each,  <  vlginll,  twenty. I  vi-cen'nl-al,  u . 
( lecturing  once  In  twenty  years;  also,  existing  twenty  years. 

Vl-cen'za,  1  vl-Chen'tsa;  2  vi-clien'ts-i,  n.  A  cathedral  city 
in  N.  E.  Italy;  subdued  by  Venice,  1405;  pop.  54,(500. 

vi'ce  vcr'sa,  1  vai'si  vur'sa;  2  vi'ce  vor'sa.  The  order  or 
relation  of  terms  being  reversed.  [L.J  vice  (see  vice-); 
versa,  tern,  of  versus,  pp.  of  vcrto,  turn.] 

vic'i-nagc,   1   vis'l-mj;  2  vKc'i-nag,   n.      1.   Neighboring 
places  collectively,  vicinity.     2.  Tho  state  of  Im 
neighbor  or  neighbors.    [  <  F.  voisinage,  <  voisin,  near  I 
Syn.:  see   nku;hw>hih>oi>.     vlc'l-nal,   a.—  vl-cln'l-ty,  re. 
1.  Nearness  In  spare  or  relationship;  proximity.    2.  That 

Which  In  near;  neighborhood.     Syn.:  see  NEIGHBORHOOD. 
vi 'clous,  1  visli'us;  2  vfah'tiB,  a.    1.  Addicted  to  vice:  cor- 


\  l>  Issll  Hill'      I    a  .  I  |  ,,          ,,  U0t,  l.flrn; 

violin  I        l«l,  *l4i,  •  I  i     I        i  i  i ■  <•       s  •'' 


>!-.   l»     sl-l  M.I. 


■ 

I 

... 
. 
•I),  -II. 

I.  \ 
rtune;  :i 
lion,  im 

\  l-i  I-    -l-iu  .li-n. i-r> . 
>i-.  U'  -i-iu  '.li-in.ii*:  . 
In   W 


ii.  I.  A  li\  mg  creature 

.'.   \  per- 

object ;  one  who  ia 

rum..  ..r  calamity      3.    \ 

a  .>r  morbid  feeling 

I. 

>i.   iiin-i/.. 

.  i.l  ..r  swindle; 

\  I,     i  lin-l-.  LBl  Bl 

>lr-(ltii-l-/.i  --  i     II. mi.  1 1.    (Im-I/    .  r         -I-      r. 

>  I.    i..r.  I  to  a  \  ictor; 

II.         1 . 

.'.  saful  in 

liter.] 
-    vanquisher,  winner.     A  victor 
r  wins  In  the 
nt_.  ampalgns 

v.  i,   lor    f  iii-ni.ui  ii-vl.    l    vtk'tar   e-man'yu-el;   :.' 
e-ma:      j-        I.  V.K.I.      : ...   Is24  .  king  of  Sardinia     .'. 
\     t     II  Sardinia,  and,  after  1801,  of 

:t.  \.K.  III.    I8S9-        ),  king  of  Italy  slnoe 
\  I  i-ti.  rl-.i  r-ma"iiu-clc:  [It.]. 
\|.-i..  rl-a.  I6'n-e;  2  vl.-to'rl-a.  n.     1.  Alciandrlna 

\inorU    :-  Britain  and  Ireland; 

(mprw  of  India !-  !.  .>f  the  Austra- 

lian Commonwealth;  S7.SS4  sq.  m.:  pop.  1.315.000;  capital, 
orne.    3.  A  seaport  city,  capital  of  British  Columbia, 
■..-ouver  Island:  pop.  31.700.    4.  A  seaport  city, 
cap'.'..  Dg  colony;  pop.  366.100:  commonly  called 

II. .in  hunt.  5.  v-.  a  low,  light,  fouiMWheeJed  carriage, 
with  a  raised  driver's  seat  and  a  seat  for  two  persons  over 
the  rear  axle— Victoria  cross,  a  bronze  Maltese  cross 

■  for  conspicuous  bravery  to  members  of  the 
army  or  n.: .  :  by  Queen  Victoria  In  is."         \ 

.-r..>al    H.it.rlll).   . -.mantle  water-lily  of  tropical  South 
\  I.  -I.,   rl-.in.    |    Ac  K. 
\  1.  -I.,  rl-.i  Kall».     a  cataract  on  the  Zambezi  river  In  Rho- 
desia. South  Africa;  height.  343  ft  :  width,  over  a  mile;  dls- 
■  ine  In  1S5S. 
Mc-to'rl-a   N)-an'ia,   1    ni-an'zs;  2   ny-an'za.      A   lake   In 
.tral  Africa:  32.167  sq.  m.:  principal  leader  Of  the  Nile 
\l«'i..-r>.  Irto-ry,  n.    [-rie.s1.  p/.]    1.  The 

.:.g  a  victor.    2.  The  overcoming  of  an  enemy 
bmculty.    [  <  h.rvictoria,<  victor;  see  victor.] 
Sjmj   ach  •  .mtage.   conquest,    master 

ceas.  supremacy,  triumph.      Victory  Is  the  state  resulting 
■   in  opponent  or  opponents  in  any 
laata  or  from  tti<-  overcoming  of  difficulties,  obstacles, 
evils,  etc..  considered  as  opponents  or  enemies.     In  the 

■  sense  any  hard-won  achievement,  advantage,  or  success 
may  In  conquest  and  mastery  ' 

•-d  a  permati.  i  hat  is  not  Implied  in  victory. 

■  7>h.  originally  denoting  the  public  rejoicing  In  honor 

of  a  victory,  has  0  also  a  peculiarly  exultant. 

Ant.: 
■-•.  disappointment,  disaster,  failure,  frustratl" 
carriage,  overthrow.    retreat,   rout  -  >lc-to'rl-om,   a.     1. 
Ha..  triumphant.     2.   Bringing 

distinguished  by  victory,    -ly,  adv.    -m 
\l<t   ual,  1  vit'l;2  vlt'l      I.  t(.  &  ri.     [vict'caled  or  vkt'- 
DAIUD;   vir-r't'AL-iNG  or  vir-T'r-Al.-Li.vo  ]     To  furnis!, 
•ri  victuals;  lay  in  suppl:  II. 

n      Food  for  human  beings,  as  prepared  for  • 
usually  plural.    [  <  L.LL*r  rictus,  food.]    Syn.:  see  food. 
\\<  I   u.il-er,    i  1  vit'l-ar;  2  vlt'l-er,  n.     1.  One  who  sup- 
\  lr  t  'wal-ler,  J  plies  or  sella  victuals.    '£.  Hence,  a  commis- 
sary-; innk eep«  r     3.  A  victualing-ship.  [victual. 
tlr'rus  1  vik'tus;  2  vte'tQa.  n.    Zool.    Food:  diet.     [I..:  see 

small  llama* 
having  fine 


ft  III  'gna,  i  1  vi-kQ'nye;  2  vi-ey'nya,  n.     As 
»l-cu'fla,    (  like  mammal  of  the  high  Andes, 

9p.]      vl-gu'nat.— vl-fu'gna. 
■  |..th".  a.    Soft  dots  n  — v.=wool,  n. 

The  wool  of  the  vicugna  or  a  wool«and*coaton  Imitation  of  It. 
Tld..  abbr.    (L.l     Vide  (see;. 


rt'dame',  l  \ r.i.m.  y  Federal  i         \ 

ileputj  • .. in. .r  title  ..f  noblllt)     II'  ] 

>  i  .i.  . 

..        o 
M-.li'l    l-n(.     1     VI -d  I '..    wil  . 

. 

■  '     '  permit 

>i-.i.  1 1. 

v  l.l   ii-. ik.'.    I  i    ig,  •.       \\  !do«  h I 

«  i.|..»  v  collecth  elj  !  ow,  <  I  Iduua    • 

\l.lu-.ir.   i      Belonging  or  relating  to  widowhood 
\l«\  l  vol;  8  vt,  w    [vied;  vy'ino.]  1/To  strive  foi    uperi 
put  f.irib  effort  to  exoi  I  or  outdo  othi  i  .  as  in  a 
followed  by  u  ith     Hf.   1 ..  be!  on  the  \ aim 
band  at  .-ar.is     [contr  form  ■    «'i    mtier,       i.   in 
ryet.    Byn   see  i  on  riND    btri 
\  I- i-ti  'm a,  i  \  i  en's:  2  vMn'a,  'i     A  city  on  the  Danube,  enpl 
ciii  ..f  Hi.-  Austro«Hungarian  empire,  and  ol  the  Uol)  Roman 
l  inpin-  until  ism.   pop  3,149,800 
\li'".l  I.     •    A  I.   ro  look  at  siTulinizingly; 

inspect;  alao,  to  aei  .  perceive  '.'.  /  i  i  o  lb  peoi  per- 
tonally  fthe  plaoa  .>r  matter  In  question),  8.  To  ink.- 
a  mental  survey  ..f.    II.  n.    1.  The  ad  ..i  viewing  or 

s.-.-n  '.*.  M.  ntal  examination  ..r 

inspection     ».  Power  ol  iaion.    4. 

That  which  is  viewed  oi  •">-  \  • 

a  ..i  thai  w  i  iallj  .  a  landscape 

0.  Reference  to  something  viewed  as  'I bject  ..f  ao- 

ti.m;  intention,    7.  Manner  ol  viewii  opinion; 

belie!  8.  L  i  [nspei  tion,  a^  by  jury,  "i  a  place,  etc 
l<  F.vhs,'    ru.  pp  i      tfeo.see.]  s.vn.:  (verb) 

see  iwmim:  look;  (noun)  see  purpc  siobt; 

ihodoht.  rlew'er,  .  rlewless,  a  Invisible;  unseen 
-i> .  -ii.".        Hen  '•point*,  n. 

il-ges'i-iual,  1  val-Jes'i-mal:  2  vl-ges'1-mal,  a.  1.  Twentieth. 
'i.  By  twenties.    1<  L.  rif  nft,  twenty.] 

tic'll.  1  vij'il;  ii  vTg'il,  n.  1.  The  act  or  state  <.i  keeping 
awake;  watchfulness,  'i.  Religious  devotions  on  il»-  en  <■ 
of  any  holy  day.  3.  Nocturnal  devotions:  usually 
plural.  [<  F.  vigile,  <  L,  oigilia,  <  riffil,  awake]  — 
\lfc'l-lance,  r».  The  quality  ..f  being  vigilant;  all 
watchfulness.  Syn.:  see  care.  \ Igll.incc  committee,  a 
body  of  men  selNorganlzed  for  the  administration  of  sum- 
mary Justice.  —  vlg'l-lant,  a.  Being  on  tin-  alert;  watchful. 
Syn_'  active,  alert,  awake,  careful,  cautious,  circumspect, 
on  the  alert,  on  the  lookout.  Bleepleas,  wakeful,  wary,  watch- 
ful. wlde*awake.  Vigilant  implies  more  sustained  activity 
and  more  Intelligent  volition  than  nhn;  one  may  be  habitu- 
ally alert  by  reason  of  native  quickness  of  perception  and 
thought,  or  one  may  be  momentarily  nun  under  some  excite- 
ment or  expectancy;  one  who  Is  vigilant  Is  so  wiih  thought- 
ful purpose.  One  is  vigilant  against  danger  or  harm;  he  may 
be  alert  or  uatchful  for  good  as  well  as  against  evil:  he  Is  wary 
In  view  of  suspected  stratagem,  trickery,  or  treachery.  A 
person  may  I  •  <ause  of  some  merely  physical  ex- 

cltemenl  or  excitability,  a.s  through  insomnia;  yet  he  may  be 
utterly  careless  and  negligent  In  his  wakefulness,  the  reverse 
of  watchful;  a  person  who  is  truly  uatchful  must  keep  him- 
self wailful  While  on  watch,  in  which  case  wakeful  lias  some- 
thing of  mental  quality.  Watchful,  from  the  Saxon,  and 
vigilant,  from  the  Latin,  are  almost  exact  equivalents;  but 
vigilant  has  somewhat  more  of  sharp  deilniteness  an. I 
what  more  suggestion  of  volition;  'one  may  be  habitually 
untchful;  one  Is  vigilant  of  set  purpose  and  for  direct 
Bee  m.kiit—  Ant.:  careless,  drowsy,  dull,  heedless,  Inatten- 
incautlous,  Inconsiderate,  neglectful,  negligent,  obliv- 
ious, thoughtless,  unwary.     \lg'l-lant-lj,  ado. 

vlg"l-lan'U\  1  vlJ'i-lun'U;;  2  Vig'l-l&n'te,  n.  One  Who  belongs 
to  a  vigilance  committee.    [Sp.]    vlg'l-lant ;. 

vi-KiK'tte',  1  vin-yet'  or  vin'yet;  2  vln-yet'  or  vln'yCt. 

1.  '  Ivi-gnet'ted11;  vi-gnet'tino.]  1.  To  make  with  a 
gradually  shaded»off  background  or  border,  as  a  photo- 
graph. 2.  To  ornament  with  vignettes.  II.  n.  1.  A 
running  ornament  of  leaves  and  tendrils,  as  in  Gothic 
architecture.  2.  An  ornamented  capital  letter  in  me- 
dieval manuscript,  thus  composed.  .'{.  A  head"  or 
tiil-pi.ee  in  a  book.  4.  An  engraving,  photograph,  or 
the  like,  having  a  background  that  i-  anaded  off  grad- 
ually.   [P.,  dim.  of  vifine,  vine.] — vl-gnet'tcr,  n.    1.  A 

".  as  a  shaded  paper  With  an  oval  bole  In  the  center, 
used  by  photographers  In  printing  vignettes.  2.  A  vignettlst. 
— vl-gnet't|st,  n,    one  who  makes  vignettes. 

vlg'or,  1  vig'ar;  2  vlg'or,  n.  1.  Active  strength  or  force, 
physical  or  mental.  2.  Vital  or  natural  power,  as  in 
vegetable  life.  3.  Forcible  exertion  of  strength;  energy. 
[<  L.'  vigor,  <  vlgeo,  thrive.)  vig'ourj.— vlg'or-ous.  a. 
1.  Full  of  physical  or  mental  vigor;  robust.  2.  Pertaining 
to  or  marked  by  vigor.  Syn.:  see  active:  kresh:  healthy; 
powerful;  btboho;  vivid,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

Whine;,  1  voi'kirj  or  vl'kirj;  2  vi'king  or  vi'king,  n.  A 
freebooter  or  pirate;  one  of  the  Scandinavian  warriors 


1: a=  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    q  =  sins;    thin,   this,    vicissitude 
853    2:  wolf,  dp;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  violin 


who  harried  the  coasts  of  Europe  (8th  to  11th  centuries). 
[  <  Ice.  vikingr,  pirate,  <  viker,  creek.] 

vll.,  abbr.    Village. 

vile,  1  vail;  2  vil,  a.  [vil'er;  vil'est.]  1.  Morally  base, 
despicable,  or  loathsome;  shamefully  wicked;  sinful; 
also,  disgusting.  2.  Of  little  worth  or  account;  mean. 
3.  Objectionable  in  any  way.  [  <  F.  vil,  <  L.  vilis, 
worthless.)  Syn.:  see  bad;  base;  brutish;  common;  crim- 
inal; immoral;  infamous;  sinful;  vulgar. — vlle'ly,  adv. 
— vile'ness,  n.~ vll'i-fy,  v.  [-fied;  -fy'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
represent  as  vile;  defame;  slander.  2.  To  make  base  or  vile; 
degrade.  3.  To  treat  as  vile.  II.  i.  To  indulge  in  defama- 
tion. Syn.:  see  abuse;  asperse;  revile.— vil"i-fl-ca'tlon, 
n. — vll'i-fi"er,  n. 

vil"i-a'cot,  n.    A  villain;  scoundrel.    vil'H-a'got. 

vil'i-pend  [|,  1  vil'i-pend;  2  vil'i-pend,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  think 
or  speak  disparagingly  of;  depreciate;  despise.  2.  To  express 
depreciation.    [<  L.'  vilis,  vile,  +  pendo,  weigh.] 

Till,  1  vil;  2  vil,  n.  Eng.  Hist.  A  village;  hamlet;  township; 
also,  a  manor.    [  <  F.  ville,  <  L.  villa;  see  villa.] 

vil  'la,  1  vil'a;  2  vil'a,  n.    An  elegant  country  house.    [It., 

<  L.  villa,  dim.  of  vicus,  village.]     Syn.:  see  house. 
Vil'la,    1  vl'ya;   2  vi'ya,  Francisco  "Pancho"  (1877-     ). 

Mexican  revolutionary  leader,  1916-     . 
vil'lage,  1  vil'ij;  2  vll'ag,  n.     1.  A  collection  of  houses 
smaller  than  a  town;  also,  its  inhabitants  collectively. 
2.  [U.  S.]  In  some  States,  a  municipality  smaller  than 
a  city.    3.  A  collection  of  habitations  of  animals.     [F., 

<  L.  rillalicus,  <  villa;  see  villa.] — villag-er,  n. — vll'- 
Iage-ryt,  n.    Villages;  a  collection  of  villages. 

vil 'lain,  1  vil'in;  2  vll'in,  n.  1.  A  basely  wicked  person; 
vile  scoundrel.  2.  Formerly,  a  feudal  serf;  farm= 
servant.  [  <  F.  vilain,  serf,  <  LL.  villanus,  <  L.  villa; 
see  villa. 1  vil'leini. — vil'laiu-ous,  a.  1.  Having  the 
nature  of  a  villain.  2.  Marked  by  extreme  depravity.  3. 
[Colloq.]  Very  bad;  disgusting;  abominable:  said  of  things. 
vil'lan-ousj.  Syn.:  see  bad;  infamous,  -ly,  adv.  -ness, 
n. — vil'lain-y,  n.  1.  The  character  of  being  villainous; 
moral  depravity.  2.  Conduct  befitting  a  villain.  3t.  Villen- 
age.    vil'lan-aget;  vll'lan-yt.    Syn.:  see  abomination. 

Vil"lars',  1  vi'lyur';  2  vi"lyiir',  Claude  Louis  Hector,  Due 
de  (1653-1734).    A  French  general  and  diplomat. 

vil-lat'ic  |,  1  vi-lat'ik;  2  vi-Iat'ie,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a 
villa,  farm,  or  village;  rural.     [<  L.  villaticus;  see  village] 

vil'len-age,  11  vil'in-ij;  2  vll'en-ag,  n.    Old  Eng.  Law. 

vil'lein-age,  J  1.  The  state  or  condition  of  a  villain  or 
serf.  2.  The  tenure  by  which  villains  held  land.  [  < 
OF.  villenage,  <  OF.  (F.)  vilain;  see  villain.] 

Vllle"neuve',  1  virnuv';  2  vil"nuv',  Pierre  Charles  J.  B.  S. 
de  (1763-1806).  A  French  admiral ;  commanded  at  Trafalgar. 

Vll 'Hers,  1  vil'arz;  2  vil'ers.  n.    See  Buckingham. 

VH"lon',  1  vi"yen'  or  vi"leh';  2  vi"yoh'  or  vi'loh',  Francois 
(1431-1485?).    A  French  lyric  poet. 

vil'lous,  1  vil'us;  2  vii'us,  a.  1.  Covered  with  short  soft 
hairs;  nappy.  2.  Biol.  Covered  with  or  having  villi. 
[<  L.  villosus,  <  villus,  shaggy  hair.]    vil'losef.. 

vll'lus,  1  vil'us;  2  vil'us,  n.  [vtl'li,  1  vil'ai;  2  vil'i,  pi.]  1. 
Anal.  &  Zool.  One  of  the  short  hair=like  processes  found  on 
certain  membranes.  2.  pi.  Bot.  Long,  close,  rather  soft 
hairs.    [<  L.  villus,  shaggy  hair.] 

vim,  1  vim;  2  vim,  n.  Force  or  vigor;  energy;  spirit.  [L.. 
ace.  of  vis,  power.]  [made  of  twigs. 

vim'i-nal,  1  vim'i-nal;  2  vim'i-nal,  a.    Pertaining  to  twigs; 

vi-mln'e-ous,  1  vi-min'i-us;  2  vi-mln'e-us,  a.  1.  Having  or 
like  long  flexible  shoots  or  branches.  2.  Composed  of  twigs. 
[  <  L.  vlmineus,  <  vimen,  shoot,  <  vieo,  plait.] 

vi-na'ceous,  1  vai-ne' situs;  2  vl-na'shiis,  a.  1.  Of  or  per- 
taining to  wine  or  grapes.  2.  Of  the  color  of  red  wine. 
[<  la.vlnaceus,  <  vinum,  wine.] 

vin"ai-grette',  1  vin"e-gret';  2  vin"a-gret',  n.  1.  An 
ornamental  box  or  bottle  for  holding  a  pungent  drug; 
a  smelling-bottle.  2§.  A  vinegar  sauce,  used  on  cold 
meats.    [F.,  <  vinaigre;  see  vinegar.] 

Vln'ci,  1  vln'cTii;  2  vln'ctu,  Leonardo  da  (1452-1519).  An 
Italian  painter,  architect,  and  sculptor. 

Vln'ci-bl(ep,  1  vin'si-bl;  2  vin'ci-bl,  a.  That  may  he  con- 
quered or  overcome;  conquerable.  [<  L.  vincibilis,  < 
vinco,  conquer.] — vln"cl-bll'l-ty,  n.     vin'ci-bl(e-noss''t. 

vtn'cu-Ium,  1  vin'kiu-lum;  2  vin'cCi-lum,  n.  [-la,  pi.)  A 
bond  of  union.  (1)  Anat.  A  confining  band  of  fascia.  (2) 
Math.  A  straight  line  drawn  over  several  algebraic  terms,  or 
a  brace  uniting  them  to  show  that  all  are  to  be  operated  on 
together.     [L.,  <  vincio,  bind] 

rln'di-cate,  1  vin'di-ket;  2  vln'di-eat,  vt.  [-<■  a T*EDd; 
-cat"ing.]  1.  To  assert  or  defend  against  anything 
that  attacks;  maintain  successfully,  as  right;  justify. 
2§.  To  demand  as  one's  own;  appropriate.  3f.  To 
avenge.  [<  L.  vindicatus,  pp.  of  vindico.  defend. 1  Syn.: 
see  avenge;  justify.— vln"dl-ca-bll'l-ty§,  n.  —  vln'dl-ca- 
bl(e8},  a.  —  vin"dl-ca'tlon,  n.  Justification;  defense.  Syn.: 
see  apology;  defense. — vln'dl-ra"tiv<eH,  a.  (  'outrunning 
to  vindication  —  vin'dl-ca"tor,  ».— vln'dl-ca-to"ry,  o. 


vin-dic'tiv(e8,  1  vin-dik'tiv;  2  vin-dlc'tiv,  a.  1.  Having 
a  revengeful  spirit.     2||.  Punitive,     -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

vine,  1  vain;  2  vin,  n.  1.  Any  plant  having  a  slender, 
weak  stem  that  may  clasp  or  twine  about  a  support.  2. 
A  grape-vine.  [OF.,  <  L.  vinea,  vine,  vineyard.] — 
vlne'sdress"er,  n.  1.  One  who  trims  or  prunes  grape-vines. 
2.  The  larva  of  a  North" American  moth  that  cuts  off  the 
leaves  of  grapevines. — v.=fretter,  n.  An  aphid  infesting 
the  grape. — vln'er-y,  n.  [-iesz,  pi.]  1.  A  greenhouse  for 
grapes;  grapery.  2.  Vines  in  general.  3t.  A  vineyard. — 
vine'yard,  vln'yardp,  1  vin'yard;  2  vin'yard,  n.  1.  A  large 
collection  of  cultivated  grape-vines.  2.  Figuratively,  a 
place  for  spiritual  culture  or  labor;  especially,  the  church. — 
vl'nous,  a.    Pertaining  to  wine;  wine-producing. — vln'y,  a. 

1.  Pertaining  to  vines;  yielding  vines.     2t.  Vine-like. 
vin'e-gar,  1  vin'i-gar;  2  vin'e-gar,  -u.     1.  An  acid  liquid 

obtained  from  an  alcoholic  liquid,  as  cider,  by  oxida- 
tion, as  by  acetous  fermentation:  used  as  a  condiment 
and  as  a  preservative.  2.  Anything  metaphorically 
sour  or  soured,  as  a  face.  [  <  F.  vinaigre,  <  vin,  wine,  + 
aigre,  sharp.] — v1n'e-gar*eel",  n.  A  minute  worm  common 
in  vinegar,  sour  paste,  and  similar  fermenting  liquids.  v.= 
wormi. — vin'e-gar-ish,  a. — vln'e-gar-y,  a. 

vlngf'setsun',  1  vaht"=e=un';  2  vaht"=e=un',  n.  A  game  of 
cards  with  a  full  pack,  the  object  being  to  draw  cards  on 
which  the  aggregate  number  of  spots  shall  reach  as  near  as 
possible  to,  but  not  exceed,  21.  _[F.,  twenty-one.] 

vin  or"dl"naire',  1  van  er"dl"nar/;  2  van  or"di"nar'.  A 
common  or  cheap  wine  in  France  and  southern  Europe;  lit- 
erally, ordinary  wine.    [F.,  wine  ordinary.] 

vin'tage,  1  vin'tij;  2  vin'tag,  n.  1.  The  yield  of  a  vine- 
yard or  wine»growing  district  for  a  season;  loosely,  the 
visible  fruit  of  vineyards.  2.  The  harvesting  of  a  vine- 
yard.— vin'tag-er,  n.  A  harvester  of  grapes. — vlnt'ner, 
».  A  wine«merchant.— vlnt'ry5,n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  A  place 
for  storing  or  selling  wine. 

vi'ol,  1  vai'sl;  2  vl'ol,  n.  1.  A  medieval  stringed  musical 
instrument,  the  predecessor  of  the  violin,  having  usu- 
ally 6  strings,  and  played  with  a  bow.  2.  A  stringed 
instrument  of  the  violin  class.  [<  OF.  viole.,  <  L.LL 
titulor,  keep  holiday.] — vi'o-Ia1,  n.  1.  A  stringed  instru- 
ment somewhat  larger  than  the  violin  and  of  graver  and  less 
brilliant  tone.  2.  Same  as  viol,  1.— vl'o-Ia  da  gam'ba.  1. 
An  early  form  of  bass  viol:  corrupted  Into  Hol'de=gamboys. 

2.  An  organ=stop  producing  string«Iike  tones. — vi'ol-ist,  n. 
Vi'o-la2,  n.  Bot.  A  large  genus  of  plants  of  the  violet 

family  (Violacex) — the  true  violets.  [  <  L.  viola,  violet.] 
vi"o-la'ceous,  1  vai"o-le's1ius;  2  vf'o-la'shus,  a.  1. 
Having  a  violet  hue.  2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  violet 
or  the  violet  family.  [<  L.  violaceus,  <  viola,  violet.] 
vi'o-late,  1  vai'o-let;  2  vi'o-lat,  vt.  [-LAT"EDd;  -lat"ing.] 
1.  To  set  at  naught;  break  or  infringe,  as  a  law  or  an 
oath;  transgress.    2.  To  treat  irreverently  or  profanely. 

3.  To  ravish.    [  <  L.  violatus,  pp.  of  violo,  <  vis,  force.] 
Syn.:  abuse,  debauch,  defile,  deflower,  desecrate,  hurt,  In- 
jure, outrage,  pollute,  profane,  rape,  ravish.     See  abuse; 
pollute. — vl  'o-la-bl  (ep,  a.    That  may  be  violated. — vl"o- 
la'tion,  n. — vl'o-la"t!v(e8,  a.— vi'o-la"tor,  n. 

vi'o-lent,  1  vai'o-lent;  2  vl'o-lent,  a.  1.  Proceeding  from 
or  marked  by  great  physical  force;  forcible.  2.  Caused 
by  or  exhibiting  intensely  excited  feeling.  3.  Character- 
ized by  intensity  of  any  kind.  4.  Marked  by  unjust 
exercise  of  force;  severe.  5.  Resulting  from  external 
force  or  injury.     [F.,  <  L.  violentus,  <  vis.  Strength.] 

Syn.:  acute,  boisterous,  fierce,  frantic,  frenzied,  fuming, 
furious,  immoderate,  impetuous,  infuriate,  intense,  mad. 
maniac,  maniacal,  outrageous,  passionate,  poignant,  raging, 
raving,  severe,  sharp,  tumultuous,  turbulent,  uncontrollable, 
ungovernable,  vehement,  wild.  See  fierce;  hot;  immod- 
erate; turbltlent.  -ly,  adv.  —  vl'o-lence,  n,  1.  The 
quality  or  state  of  being  violent;  intensity;  fury.  2.  Vio- 
lent or  unjust  exercise  of  power;  injury;  outrage.  3.  Law. 
Physical  force  unlawfully  exercised.    4t-  Ravishment. 

Syn.:  acutcness,  boisterousness,  eagerness,  fierceness, 
force,  fury,  impetuosity,  injury,  intensity,  outrage,  passion, 
poignancy,  rage,  raving,  severity,  sharpness,  vehemence, 
violation,  Wlldness,  wrath.  See  outrage.  — Ant.:  calmness, 
feebleness,  forbearance,  gentleness,  levity,  meekness,  mild- 
ness, patience,  self-command,  self-control,  self-restraint. 

vl'o-let,  1  vai'o-let;  2  vi'o-let.  1.  a.  Of  the  color  of  vio- 
let. II.  n.  1.  A  low-growing  plant  of  the  genus  Viola, 
bearing  flowers  typically  of  a  purplish  blue  color;  also, 
any  one  of  severa1  similar  plants.  2.  A  color  seen  at  the 
end  of  the  spectrum,  opposite  the  red,  beyond  the  blue. 
[OF.,  dim.  <  L.  Viola,  violet] 

vl"o-lin\  1  vai"o-lin';  2  vi"o-IIn',  n.  1.  A  musical  instru- 
ment having  four  strings  and  a  sounding-box  of  sea- 
soned wood  and  played  by  means  of  a  bow.  See  illus. 
on  next  page.  2.  A  violinist.  [<  It.  violino,  dim.  of 
viola,  viol.] — vI"o- iln'lst,  ».     One  who  plays  on  the 


v  I. .1. until.,    i  0  i  |        ,,        ,.„    imt.  «r;  full.  rOI.-:  Inn.  l.Orn: 

«l«Ur<  i  ....  ,  .1111  ,<>,  ndl,  Ar,  wAn.    So  4 


I 

,i   ... 

I, Ml-.  .   I     ll-l. 

»t  a-lo  ii.  . 


Vtoltni  .1:1.1  B01 

- 
■ 

1 1    p.  r.  .  -pl». 

I.     \ 

iropean 

similar 

'.'.   \  his,  ..r  treach- 

.  bear  1 

il   (xr-iii  .    .  1.:.  or  related 

1 1  per-Ung,  or  little  viper      \  1  - 

1»  r-.11-.  .1  \  I  per;   venomous; 

il  iHi-l-h:. 

[-Jra'fto,  n.     [- 
pi  ]     1 .  .'  .    V  woman  01 

1 ...  <  nr,  man.] 
■N  lr  1  !i  ■         [Sng.) 

Badoll  \  '  ierman  pathologist. 

> ir  <  -i  1. .  old  French  verse, 

rlr'e-lall;  rlr'o-lal   , 

\lr  .  -...  low  bird 

m*kh..  d  bird.] 

•  nit.  1  v  I;  2 

ppr.  <>f  rireteo,  grow 

>  lr  «ll.  \  Ir-Kli  l-an 

I.  1.    1.  Pertaining  or 
'.'.  irrupted;  i>ur.-.    3.  Not 

.    tpon;  untried;  new; 
1.  without  impregna- 

II         1 
unm  .  in;    a 

of  any  or.! 

und  ■  irKin- 

3.    [\'-) 

I  < 
1.    ' 

ilr  icln-al.      I.  a. 

to    a   virgin;    maidenly:  virginal   of   the   Second  Half  of 
pure.      II.   n.      A  the  16th  Century. 

musical     In  1 

the   i  iral,  the   rlrglnals.     \lr- 

rin'i-t).  ■.     1.  1    •   itate  of  ixiiu:  a  virgin;  maidenhood. 

1     rtr 'gin's  «bow"- 
•  r, 
Vlf-iini-i.  ;  vfr-gln'l-a,  n     1.  1  Bomanmald- 

'-'•iii  the  tj  rant 

2.  A  middle  .of  the  United 

ii.  Richmond 

Xirtrlnl.i  !-h  flowers,  dark-tilue 

t-  t-.<-  ai,  1  :•  u\>-  ii.  1 1  *  uri-  -•  -.:•.  ct  in  ant  limn   distinguished 

a  —  \lr- 
Klnl  1  r.  .  I.  \  lr-kln'i-un.  a.    v  //. 

\  ItkIii  Island  1.  John,  and  Bt. 

rom  Denmark,  1917. 

>  lr  .ini   Mir  -r  of  Jesus. 

Mr'go.  ;   .  1  on,  the  Vln;ln. 

.  sign  of  the  zodiac. 
iir  i-de-'i  cut,  1  virVdi  ■'■■■<.  2  vV\  <  ireen- 

iir"i-des'eeneei  n. 
vl-rid'i-t),  1  vi-rid'i-ti;  2  vi-rl<i'i-ty. 
as  < 

neas,  vr-rdurr-.  ^  rtruii-,.  green  rtr1d|(a.  Verdant 
vlr'He,  1  1  vir'il;  2  vir'il.  a.  1.  Having  the  charai  1 
vlr'11",  (    :'    mature   manhood:    procreativi        '.. 

ngth  of  manhood;  masculine.     [<  L.r 
rtrUU,  <  rtr.  man.]     Sjrnj  see  ■•■  il-rll'l-tv,  n. 

vlr-tu',  1  vir-tQ'  ur  vOr'tfi;  2  vlr-tu'  or  vlr'tu,  n,   1.  Rare, 
-   beautiful  ',  phrase 

object*     -  article-,  of  virtu.      .'.  •     (or  such  ol>- 

(<  It.  virtu,   =  I  .Mirth]     ver-tU'J. 

Virtue.   .  .  ./r  -tin;  2  vlr'iln;  or  -tu,  n.     1.  A  par- 

ticular n.'  -  .'.  1  onform 

to  the  law  of  right;  moral  excellence;  virtuouaness.    3. 


outward  morally       I, 
pin  it  1  dlj  in  women     3.  Powei .  1 1 1 1 — 

Inurablo  quality,  merit,  01  accomplish* 
.  man  I 
Siti;  chastity,  duty,  excellence,  faithfulness,  good 

lustlce  morallt] .  problt) .  purlt] . 

rectitude,  rl  truth,  uprightness,  vir- 

worth.  worthiness      Virtut   la  poodiuiii  thai  \* 

trial,  perhapj  through  temptation  and 

conflict     •  the  being  morall)  t I.  maj  be  much 

Ii  lacking   the  Strength    thai    OOmi 

trial  1  m  11  ma)  be  very  muoh  more  than  virtue, 

Ing  lubllmoly  above  the  ]>••■  Iblllt]  "f  temptation  and 

conflloi     the  Infantile  us  contrasted  with  the  divine  goooh 

Is  distinctively  human;  we  do  nol  predli 

•  •(  God.    StoratUy  Is  conformity  to  the  morel  lass  In  action, 

whether  In  matters  concerning  ourselves  or  others,  whothor 

with  or  without  rlghi  principle.     Honesty  and  prob 

used  especially  of  0  to  his  fellow  men,  probity 

being  ootty  hi 

■  .  :  and  proved,  especlall]  In  1  Iiohc  things  thai  are 

•1.1  the  reach  ol  ibo>  e  1  he  commercial 

• ,  may  be  applied  to  the  highest  truthfulnesj  "< 

the  noui  to  and  with  Iteell  and  iti  Maker.    Integrity,  In  the 

full  sense,  k  moral  wboleuess  without  a  flaw;  when  used,  a^  11 

Often  N.  Of  Contracts  and  dealings.  It  baa  reference  lo  Inlicr- 

eni  character  ami  principle,  and  oh  more  than 

superficial  or  conventional  Aom  ft)     Honor  Is  a  lof  tj  I 
thai  Boorna  fraud  or  wrong  as  base  and  unworthj  of  Hseif 
/'iiritu  is  freedom  from  all  admlxtun  of  that 

which  del. a  ■  both  of  heart  and  ol  life,  but  ..r 

the  life  because  from  the  Mean.    Duty,  the  rendering  of  whal 

Is  due  to  any  person  or  In  any  relation,  Is,  In  tills  connection, 

the  fulfilment  of  moral  obligation     ReetUuth  and  righteou*- 

denote  conformity  to  the  standard  ol  rik-iit.  whether  In 

heart  or  act;  rfgAfa  d  especially  In  the  religious 

Ujnightruu  refera  espeolallj  tooonduct.     Virtuous- 

qualltj   of  1  h,   sou]  or  of  action;  in  i  he  lath  ■ 

11  is  the  esBenceof  virtuous  action  Compare  inki 
idbtick;  bxuoiom  Ant.:  evil,  vice,  vlclousneas,  wicked- 
ness, wrong.  Bee  synonyms  for  bin. — vlr'tu-ai,  a,  1.  Be 
itu;  In  effect,  hut  not  In  form  or  appearance:  often  oppo  ed 
to  actual  or  real.  '-i.  Acting  or  having  efficacy  without  the 
agency  ol  anything  material,    -i>.  ode.    tlr"tu-ai'i-ty,  n. 

The  state  or  quality  Of  being  virtual. 
vir"fu-o'so,  1  vir"[or  vur"|tu-o'so;  2  vTr"[«r  \ir"]tg-r,'so,  n. 
I  --"s,y,/,|    I.  An  adept  in  art-work  or  art-critici-in  ; 

;  ctororloverof  curios  orworks  of  art.  '•!.  A  masterof 

art  "technique,  as  askllled  musician.  ( 1 1  ]     vlr"t  11-os  'l-l)  , ;.. 
vlr'tll-ous,  1  vur'chu-[</r  -tiu-jus;  2  vIr'chu-[or  -tu-]us,  a. 
( Iharacterixed  by  or  having  the  nature  of  virtue,  in  any 
sense. 

Syn.:  blameless,  chaste,  correct,  dutiful,  equitable,  es- 
timable, excellent,  exemplary,  good,  honest.  Just,  pure, 
right,  righteous,  upright,  worthy,  see  good;  innocent; 
11    1.    mi  111 1.-1.    hobal;    pure.  — Ant.:  see  synonyms    for 

CRIMINAL;  -im  1  1..  —  vlr'tu-ous-ly,  adv.— vlr'tu-ous- 
ness,  n. 

vl'rus,  1  vni'rus;  2  vi'rus,  n.  A  morliiil  poison  that  is 
the  medium  for  communicating  infectious  disease;  tin- 
uratdvely,  a  moral  taint  or  menial  bitterness.  1 1.  ,  poi- 
son.1  Syn.:  see  venom.— vlr'u-lent,  a.  1.  Manlfesilni;  or 
partaking  of  the  nature  of  virus;  exceedingly  noxious.  Si 
Very  bitter  In  enmity;  malignant.  Syn.:  see  bittbb;  kali- 
slr'ti-lenee.H.  vlr'u-len-cyt.    -vlr'u-lent-l.i . 

\ls,  1  vis;  2  vis,  «.  [vi'hks.  1  vul'rlz;  2  vl'rCa.  Pl-\  Fore.  ;  po- 
Chlefly  In  phrases.  [I,. I  vis  Inertia1.  1.  Midi. 
Inertia.    ''.  indisposition  to  act;  sluggishness. 

Vis..  Vise.,  Vlsct.,  nhhr.    \l.scount. 

vis'ai;c,  1  vis'lj;  2  \I;'ai'.  11.  The  face  or  look  of  a  person; 
distinctive  aspect,    [F.,  <  L.  visus,  look.) — vls'aged,  a. 

rls'ardti  n     Same  as  visob. 

d-"  a  vis',  1  vi7.*-<i»vr:2  vis'-a-vl'.  I.  ».  One  of  two  persons 
or  things  that  face  each  other.    II.  adv.    Literally,  vl 

'  tee   anol  her  or  each  Ol  her.     [!■'  I 

Vl-sa'yan,  1  vi-sfl'ysn; :'  vl-ea'yan.    I.  «.    Pertaining  to  the 

.us     II.  n.  Bthnol    One  of  a  prominent  Malay  race 

of  the  Philippine      Bl-sa'yani. 

vls'ccr-a,  1  'er-a,  n.    Plural  of  viacus.  [L.] 

rts'eer-al,  a    I.  Pertaining  to  the  viscera.  '£.  Abdominal. 

pis 'eld,  1  vis/id;2  vfs'id,  a     Sticky  or  adhesive;  mucilag- 

i  '  lut,  <  L.  viscum,  mistletoe  ] 

Syn.;  ils-cld  'l-ty,  n. 

\l  -eoii'li.   1   vls-kon'll;  2  vls-coii'tj,  n.      A  Lombard  family 

ruled  Milan  from   1277  to  1447. 
vls'counl,  1  voi'kciunt;  2  vi'eount,  n.    1.  In  England,  a 
title  of  nobilil  .  bet  ween  I  arl  and  baron.    2.  In  continen- 
tal Europe,  a  title  next   below  that  of  count;  also,  the 
•  I  a  count.     3.  Formerly,  in  En- 
gland, a  sheriff.    [<01      •  •••''.•'  I.I.  ricecomes,  <  I... 
see  count*.]    vls'eonnt-ess,  ». 
The  wife  of  a  viscount  or  a  peere     holding  the.  title  in  her 


1:8  =  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    <5tain;    go;    I)  =  sine;    £hin,    this.   Violoncello 
855    2: wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  boy;  go,  gem;   ink;   thin,   this.  vivisect 


Vision. 


own  right. — vis 'count-ship,  re.     The  rank  or  office  of  a 
viscount,    vis'count-yj. 

vis'cous,  1  vis'kus;  2  vis'cus,  a.  1.  Glutinous;  semifluid; 
sticky.  2.  Imperfectly  fluid,  as  tar.  [<  LL.  viscosus, 
<  L.  viscum,  birdlime.]  Syn.:  see  adhesive.— vis-eos'i-ty,  re. 
s'cus,  1  vis'kus;  2  vis'cus,  re.  [vis'cer-a,  1  vis'ar-e;  2  vis'- 
er-a,  pi.)  One  of  the  organs  of  the  great  cavities  of  the  body 
\the  abdomen,  the  thorax,  and  the  cranium),  as  the  stomach, 
jng,  or  brain:  commonly,  in  the  plural,  the  intestines.    [L.j 

Vls^,  1  vois;  2  vis,  re.  A  clamping  device  consisting  usu- 
aW  of  two  jaws  made  to  be  closed  together 
b^Ja  screw  or  the  like,  and  conjmonly  at- 
tachable to  a  bench,  for  grasping  and  hold- 
ingV  piece  of  work.  [  <  OF.  vis,  screw,  < 
L.  vtts,  vine.]     vicet. 

vi-se',  I  vl-ze';  2  vl-se'.  I.  vt.  [vi-seed',  vi-sfi'- 
inq.]  To  put  a  vise  on.  II.  re.  An  official 
Indorsement,  as  on  a  passport,  certifying  that 
it  has  teen  found  correct.     [F.j 

Vish 'mi,  1  vlSh'nQ;  2  vish'nu,  re.  Hind.  Myth. 
The   second   god   of    the    Hindu   triad.     See 

*1s'i-bl(e*,  1  viz'i-bl;  2  vls/i-bl,  a.     Perceiv-       vise, 
able  by  the  eye;    perceptible.     [F.,  <   LL. 
visibilis,    <    L.    visus:   see  vision]    Syn.:  see  apparent; 
evident;  manifest;  physical,. — vis"I-bll'l-ty,  n.     vis'i- 
bKe-nessPt, — vis'i-bly,  adv. 

VIs'i-goth,  1  viz'i-geth;  2  vl§'i-g6th,  re.  One  of  the  western 
Goths,  a  Teutonic  people  that  overran  Europe  (3d-4th  cent.) 
and  settled  in  France  and  Spain.    See  Ostrogoth. 

vi'sion,  1  vij'an;  2  vizh'on.  I.  vt.  To  see  as  in  a  vision. 
II.  re.  1.  The  fac- 
ulty or  sense  of 
sight;  also,  the  act 
of  seeing.  2.  That 
which  is  or  has 
'  been  seen.  3.  A 
mental  represen- 
tation r>f  nr  ni  nf  The  rays  emitted  from  points  .-I  and  ii  of  object  vlB 
tatlOn  C-1  Or  as  OI  are  rrtrauted  three  lilueB  in  p„BBin6  thruugh  th,-  c.rnea, 
external  Objects  Or  the  crjBtallin,  and  tbe  vitreous  humor.  As  the  result 
8CeneS  as  in  sleep'01  tne  nrBt  refraction  tbey  respectively  approach  the 
on  ann!iritinTl',,w"d*''"Ie8-'la"'dfl'  which  are  drawn  through 
an  dppdniiou,,,,,^,.,,,,,,^  tlie  orvBtallin;  the  second  refraction 
dream;  fantasy ;  affects  them  in  the  manner  of  a  double  convex  lens; 
Specifically    an  in-  afld  as  a  result  of  the  third  refraction  the  rays  from 

spirea  reveiabion.  telilla  tho  inverted  image  aL 
4.  Some  produc- 
tion of  fancy  or  imagination;  an  unreal  or  imaginary 
thing.  [F.,  <  L.  visiotji-),  <  visus,  pp.  of  video,  see.] 
Syn.:  see  dream;  sight. — vi'sion-a-ry.  I.  a.  1.  Not 
founded  on  fact;  imaginary;  impracticable.  2.  Affected  by 
fantasies;  dreamy;  unpractical.  3.  Associated  with  appari- 
tions, dreams,  etc.  Syn.:  see  fanciful;  ideal;  imaginary; 
romantic.  II.  n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  One  who  has  visions;  a 
dreamer;  an  unpractical  schemer. — vl'sion-a-rl-ness,  re. 

t?Is'itd,  1  viz'it;2  vis/it,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  make  a  visit  to.  2. 
To  send  or  come  upon,  as  good  or  evil;  overtake;  as,  to 
be  visited  with  trouble.  II.  i.  To  make  a  visit;  sojourn 
in  a  place  or  with  a  person.  [  <  L.F  vtsito,  <  viso,  behold.] 
Syn.:  call  on  or  upon,  come  or  go  to  see,  make  a  call  upon, 
make  or  pay  a  visit  to.  See  avenge. — Prep.:  the  sinner  will 
be  visited  with  judgment  from  on  high;  his  iniquities  will  be 
visited  upon  him;  rarely,  visited  by  sickness;  to  speak  of 
visiting  with  a  friend  whose  guest  one  Is,  Is  colloquial  and 
undesirable. — vls'lt-a-bl(ep,  a.  1.  Subject  to  visitation  or 
punishment.    2.  Agreeable  to  visitors,  as  a  region. 

vis'it,  n.  1.  The  going  to  see  a  person,  place,  or  thing; 
sojourn  in  a  place  or  with  a  person;  a  call  at  or  upon.  2. 
A  call  as  for  inspection  and  examination. — vis'i-tant, 
n.  1.  A  visitor;  that  which  comes  and  goes  or  makes  a 
transient  appearance.  2.  A  migratory  animal  at  a  particular 
region.— vls"i-ta'tlon,  re.  1.  A  visit.  2.  An  official  or 
authoritative  Inspection.  3.  A  dispensation,  whether  of 
divine  favor  or  retribution.  Syn.:  sec  misfortune. — vls"l- 
ta-to'ri-al,  a.    vls"l-to'rl-alt.— vls'1-tor,  re.     vls'lt-ert. 

vls'or,  re.    Same  as  vizor. 

vls'ta,  1  vis'ta;  2  vls'ta,  re  1.  A  view  or  prospect,  as 
along  an  avenue;  an  outlook.  2.  A  mental  view  cm- 
bracing  a  scries  of  events.    3.  M us.  Sight.    [It.] 

Vls'tu-la,  1  vls'i'hu-[or  -tlu-Uo:  2  vls'chu-[or  -tO-jla.  re.  A 
river  In  central  W.  Europe;  652  m.  to  the  Baltic  sea;  scene  of 
severe  fighting  between  Russians  and  allied  (Jermans  and 
Austrlans,  1914-1915. 

Vls'u-al,  1  vi3'u-al;  2  vlzh'u-al,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to,  re- 
sulting from,  or  serving  the  sense  of  sight.  2.  Percepl  i- 
ble  by  sight;  visible.  (OF.,  <  LL.  visualis,  <  I,,  visus, 
seen.]  -ly,  adv.— vls'u-al-lze,  vt.  &  tri.  [-iZBtt;  -iz"ing .] 
To  make  visual  or  visible;  picture;  construct  an  Image  of  In 
the  mind.— vls'u-al-lsm,  re.  vls"u-al-l-za'lor  -sa'lliou, 
n.  -vls'u-al-lz"[or-ls"]er,  re. 

Vl'tal,  1  vui'tal;  2  vi'tal,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  organic  life. 
2.  Essential  to  life;  hence,  necessary;  indispensable.    3. 


AlTecting  life;  fatal  to  life;  as,  a  vital  error.  [F,  <  L. 
vitalls,  <  vita,  life.] — vi-tal'i-ty,  re.  Vital  principle  or 
force;  hence,  power  of  continuing  in  force  or  effect.  Syn.:  see 
life.— vl'tal-izeor-ise, vt.  [-ized;-iz"ing.]  Tomakevital; 
endow  with  life  or  energy;  animate. — vi"taI-i-za'[or  -sa']- 
tion,  re.— vl'tal-iz"[or  -is"]er,  re.— vi'tal-ly,  adv.— vi'tals, 
re.  pi.    The  parts  necessary  to  life,  as  the  heart  and  brain. 

vi'ta-scope,  1  vai'ta-skop;  2  vi'ta-scop,  n.  A  device  by 
which  pictures  taken  by  the  kinetoscope  are  enlarged 
and  exhibited  on  a  screen.   [  <  L.  vita,  life,  +  -scope.] 

vi'ti-ate,  1  vi^h'i-et;  2  vish'i-at,  vt.  J-at'ed"1;  -at"ing.] 
To  impair  the  use  or  value  of;  debase;  destroy.  [ <  L. 
vitiatus.  pp.  of  vilio,  <  vittum,  fault.]  Syn.:  see  corrupt; 
defile;  pollute. — vi"ti-a'tion,  re. — vi'ti-a"tor,  re. 

vit'i-cul"ture,  1  vif'i-kul'cnur  or  -tiur;  2  vit'i-cul"chur 
or  -tur,  n.  The  art  of  grape=growing;  culture  of  the  vine. 
— vit"i-cul 'tur-al,  a. — vit"i-cul'tur-ist,  re. 

Vi-to'ri-a,  1  vi-to'ri-a;  2  vi-to'ri-a,  re.  A  town  in  N.  central 
Spain;  British  defeated  French,  June  21, 1813.  Vit-to'ri-aJ. 

vit're-ous,  1  vit'n-us;  2  vlt're-us,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to 
glass;  glassy.  2.  Obtained  from  glass.  3.  Resembling 
glass  in  some  property  or  properties;  vitriform.  [  <  L. 
vitreus,  <  vltrum,  glass.]  vit'rict. — vit're-ous-ncss,  re. — 
vi-tres'cence,  re.  The  state  of  becoming  vitreous. — vl- 
tres'cent,  a. — vlt'ric,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  like  glass. — 
vit'ri-form,  a.  Having  a  glassy  appearance. — vlt'rl-fy,  v. 
[-fied;  -fy'ing.]  I.  t.  To  fuse  into  glass;  make  vitreous; 
glaze.  II.  i.  To  become  glass  or  glassy;  assume  the  ap- 
pearance of  glass. — vit'ri-fi"a-bl(ep,  a. — vit"ri-fl-ca'tIon, 
re.    vifri-fac'tiont;  vlf'rl-fac'turej. 

vit'ri-ol,  1  vit'n-al;  2  vit'ri-ol,  n.  1.  Sulfuric  acid,  origi- 
nally made  from  green  vitriol:  more  commonly  called  oil 
of  vitriol  or  vitriolic  acid.  2.  Any  of  the  salts  of  sulfuric 
acid.  [F.,  <  LL.  vitriolum,  <  L.  vitreus,  glass.] — black 
vltrlol,an  impure  copper  sulfate. — blue  v.,  a  hydrous  copper 
sulfate,  coppervt. — green  v.,  copperas. — vit"ri-ol'lc,a.  1. 
Derived  from  a  vitriol.  2.  Corrosive,  burning,  or  caustic. — 
vit'ri-ol-ize,  vt.     To  corrode  or  burn  with  sulfuric  acid. 

vit'u-lin(es,  1  vit'yu-lin;  2  vit'yu-lin,  a.  Pertaining  to  or  like 
a  calf;  vealy.    [<  L.  vilulinus,  <  vitulus,  calf. ] 

vi-tu'per-ate,  1  vai-tiu'par-et;  2  vl-tu'per-iit,  vt.  [-at"- 
EDd; -at"ing.]  Tofindfault  with  abusively;  rail  at.  [< 
L.  viluperatus,  pp.  of  vitupero,  <  vitium,  fault,  +  paro,  pre- 
pare.] Syn.:  see  abuse. —vi-tu"per-a'tion,  re. — vi-tu'per- 
a"Mv(es,  a.     Defamatory;  abusive,     -ly,  adv. 

Vi-va'cious,  1  vui-|or  vi-]ve'Shus;  2  vi-[or  vi-]va'shus,  a. 
1.  Full  of  life  and  spirits;  lively;  active.  2§.  Tenacious 
of  life.    [  <  L.  vivax  (vivac-),  <  vivo,  live.] 

Syn.:  animated,  brisk,  cheerful,  frolicsome,  gay,  jocose, 
jocund,  lively,  merry,  mirthful,  pleasant,  sparkling,  spirited, 
sportive.  See  alive;  sprightly.  —  Ant.:  dead,  dreary,  dull, 
heavy,  inanimate,  lifeless,  monotonous,  moody,  spiritless, 
stolid,  stupid. — vi-va'cious-ly,  adv. — vi-vac'i-ty,  re. 
[-ties2,  pi.]  1.  The  state  of  being  vivacious.  2.  That  which 
proceeds  from  vivacity,    vl-va'cious-nesst. 

vl"van"dI6re',  1  vrvan"dyar';  2  vi"vah"dyer',  re.  Formerly, 
awomanwho  acted  as  a  sutler,  as  in  the  French  army.    [F.j 

vi-va'ri-um,  \  1  vai-ve'n-um,  viv'a-n;  2  vl-va'ri-uin,  vlv'a- 

vlv'a-ry,  S  ry,  n.  [-ri-a  or  -ri-ums,  -riesz,  pi.)  A  place 
for  keeping  live  animals,  as  a  park,  pond,  etc.    [L.] 

vi'va  vo'ce,  1  vai'va  vo'sl;  2  vi'va  vo'ce.  [L.]  By  spoken 
word;  orally:  used  both  as  an  adverb  and  adjective. 

vive,  1  vlv;  2  viv,  interj.  Live!  long  live!  used  by  the  French 
in  acclamation.    [F.,  lmper.  of  vivre  (<  L.  vivo),  live] 

vl'vers,  1  vl'varz;  2  vi'vers.,  re.  pi.    [Scot.]    Food;  provisions. 

vlves,  1  vnivz;  2  vlvg,  re.  pi.  A  morbid  enlargement  of  the 
submaxillary  glands  of  the  horse.    [OF.]    fives!. 

Vi"vl"a"ni',  I  vi"vi"a"nl';  2  vrvi"a"ni',Rene  Raphael  (1863- 
).    A  French  statesman;  premier  of  France,  1914. 

vlv'id,  1  viv'id;  2  vlv'id,  a.  1.  Having  an  appearance  of 
vigorous  life;  intense:  said  of  colors  having  intense 
luminosity.  2.  Producing  or  fitted  to  produce  lifelike 
imagery  or  suggestion.  3.  Acting  or  exercised  witli 
lively  interest.    [  <  L.  vividus,  <  vivo,  live.] 

Syn.:  animated,  bright,  brilliant,  clear,  graphic.  Intense, 
keen,  lively,  luminous,  quick,  sprightly, Stirring,  telling,  vig- 
orous. See  graphic.-- -Ant.:  dim,  dreary,  dull,  gloomy  .heavy, 
lifeless,  prosy,  spiritless,  stupid,     -ly,  adv.     -ness,  n. 

viv'l-fy,  1  viv't-fai;  2  vTv'i-fy,  vt.  [-fied;  -fy"in<;.]  To 
endue  with  life;  animate;  vitalize.  [  <  L.LI-+F  nvus, 
allvo,  +  facio,  make.]— vlv"l-n-ca'tlon,  re.— v1v"l-n-ra'- 
tlvet,  a.    Capable  of  vivifying.  — vlv'l-H"«T,  re. 

Vl-vlp'a-ra,  1  vul-vlp'a-ra;  2  vf-vlp'a-iii.  re.  pi.  Zool.  A  for- 
mer division  of  vertebrates,  coextensive  with  mammals. 

vi-vlp'a-rous,  1  vcii-vip'a-ros;  2  vi-vlp'i'-riis,  o.  1. 
Bringing  forth  living  young,  as  most  mammals.     2.  Bot, 

Producing  bulbs  or  seeds  tnat  germinate  while  still  at- 
tached to  I  he  parent,  plant.     (<   L.^L  vivus,  alive,   + 
parto,  bear]    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 
viv"i-scct'd,  1  vivVsekt';  2  vfv"i-sect',  vt.  &  vi.     I.  To 

dissect  (an  animal)  while  living,  with  a  view  to  exposing 


.  I  v<  n 


H    art.  »,m- 


.          |                                 i            i                       .,,,.,      full.  rule;   Ihm,  I.Orn; 
r.  1*1.  i»ir.  ia.it.  what.  ^11;      I     •         ty,  fVra;  hi     i        i  i  »on.       s."»<; 


\  li-ra   > 


>i>  i-m.  lien,        i 

,  i .   i 

l-UI,  >  l>    I r 

1  . 

'-  - 
-l-ll.  »  L  v    .  n-l> 

rm 

I 

\  l-lli  r    .  \     bi|(h     official    ui     a 

» l-iir  . 

•  l"r  | 
» 1/   iir.  I .  piece  on  a  ■  •  :i i > 

i  piei  •• 
;  rls'or  . 

\  U.I    l-mlr. 

••  I  Be  I. real"  1018         \    liiivlan 

i>(  Itusslu 
>  l.i   ,ll->. .-i.ik  .  ... 

■ 
\     M    D  i    II.. 

>••.    .  .■"   ill  .  \        tbulary. 

\n   i  .l-lil   r    .  \  word,  ..i    . 

\.,-..iti  u-l.i-r>.    .  b'yu-la-ry,  n. 

1.  t  list  of  words,  especially  one  in  alpba- 

uused 

iking  or  writing.   [<  LL.  vocabularixta, 

i  ION. 

i  .>  i  .il.  I.   .-      1.  Having  voii  i 

inding  with  voices     '-.  Pi  rtaiiiing  to  the  voice; 
dated  by  tin-  voice      .'$.   I'i. 

liable,  as  '>,  d,  a,  distinguished 
Vowel;  vocalic.     II.  n,     Phon.     A 
iiinding  ) 
Sm   s«x'  tubal     roeal  rord.  one  of  tbe  folds  of  thi 

sboul  tin-  opening  <>f  tin-  glottis. 

Ida    Inferior,  or  true  \oral  cords]  are 

production  of  the  voir,',  the  higher  folds 

npsritr,    -  false  roeal  cords    taking  no  direct  part  lu 

'  rmation  of  speech      ro-calle,  a     Constating  of  or 

rt-bi'  \n'cal-lst.   n.     A  singer,   i-|m- 

clally  otieof  culU\..  fO  CalT-ty,  1.  The  i|ti:d- 

or  rowel  quality.-   ro'eal- 
i/.  .  i        l  ke  vocal.   '£.  To  utter 

<h  vowvi-iioints  to,  as  in  phonog- 
raph;.     II-  Is  with  the  voice,  as  in  slng- 

.    il-l-  ■  i    Moll.  lu  r:il-l),  (idt. 

.     I  Hill.    .  1.    A 

gular  occupation;  a  calling     '£.  A  call  to,  or  fitness 

riven  religious 
work      l  pp.  of  toco,  call.)  Syn.: 

lo-ra'tlon-al,  u.    -I>. 
(w'j-in  >   .  .  E      e/a-tiv.    La,    Pertaining 

to  the  act  of  calling;  noting  the  case  of  B  noun,  pronoun, 
or  a- . .  II.  n. 

.  •'  i  fir,,,  call.] 
i..-<  il  . -r-.iii  .  o-clf'er-at,  i/.  iV  .  /.     [-at"- 

-at"in<.  ]     To  utter  wnii  s  loud  and  ve 
dly.    [<  L.  i 

eecALL      ro-elf'er-ant,a. 
i.^i  if'ir-.riion,       ro-eif'er-oas,<j.   Mak- 
ing a  load  outcrr.    Syn.:  -I>.  -m--. 
nK-'uif.  ;  rek  nil   _'  •.•'., ';.ui.  n.    The  slight  sound  made  In 

ui;  Dual  /:,   p, 

I 

tod'ka.  n.     A  liquor  made  In  Russia  from 

toes.    [Rub.] 
j.  r.     The  prevalent  way  or  fashion; 
."  :  often  preceded  by  in.    [P.] 

* •.   .  I  I.     •       [VOICKD1;  •.'»:•  'i.v.  ]     1.  To 

out  into  »pe«-cli;  give  expression  to;  proclaim.    '£.  To 


.-..-:,  • 


r-jaamm 


MM 


i-i. 


-j-j-j-jTJ  *  *!f  1 


'.. 


■    P  T   f 


IJ^HkJ 


Diagram  Showing  Compass  of  Human  Voice. 

regulate   t'r.  tune      3.    Mvs.   To  wr. 

1.  to      5.  To 

direct  ar.d  control  the  opinion-  to  be  CAUICSBod  in;  as, 
to  voice  a  newspaper.  II.  n.  1.  The  sound  produced  by 
the  vocal  organs  of  a  person  or  animal ;  also,  the  quality 


,,r  i '  -"i     ".'.  i  he  powei  ol  \  ocal  ul 

tenu  i.  ■  ■  ,  or  tin  riahl  ol 

cxprt  •  ling  a  judgment      I.    '< 

S.  Ii    ti  il- 1 

mition,  or  U  i  illy  onn 

who  <  ui  "i  i  liougl  • 

opinion,  eti      8.  Bound  produced  by  the 

notion  "i  ill.  breath  on  the  vocal  i  ords;  o   onanl  sound, 

'.).  i  i 

Tho  relation  of  thi  verb  to  thi  action  whioh 

the  verb  i  -  llena  .  the  form  ol  a  verb  thai 

i  (presses  "t  indi  ubji  ol  to  the 

action  affirmed  b)  the  verb     Kuglinh  grni 
conjugation  fur  two  volo      thi   active  snd  paaslrt 
iiu-si-  words)     in  <  ;ri ,  i,  and  Sanskrii  iih  re  la  a  nurd  voice, 
middle  rolee.  Intermediate  between  these,  »  nloli  repre- 

tho  subject  as  acting  upon  himself  directly,  or  for  him- 
self Indirectly,  within  hsi  own  means  and  powers.    [•     i  . 

w.i.  i    i.  sox  (boo-),  i rofced.a     1.  Having  a  voloo; 

i-xiir.  ■  i  ttered  with  voice  i ne; 

soiiaiii      \ohriiii.       Having  vocal  quality;  vocal; 
Ing    -ui".  ■      rolee  leas,       I.  Having  no  \ 
or  suffrage,    'i.  Phon.  iii-ini;  without  voloe  or  tone;  surd: 
said  ol  certain  oonsonants,  as  p,  /.  t,  In  distinction  from 

oonsonants  (o,  d^o,  etc.).   -If,  adt     -nesa, 
roldi  1  void;  L'  void.    P.  >i.    1.  T"  rendei  ol  no  validity 
or  effeel ;  annul,    'i.  To  send  oui ;  emil .  ■  ■■  aouate,    8f. 

i       end  away;  Hi«mi«^,     n.  B,     i.  \,,i  oocu] 1  bj 

matter  or  by  visible  matter;  empty,    'i.  De  titute;  clear 

or  free:  with  of;  a  .    ■■  ;  ol  rei ;  notd  "i  offense,    3. 

Dnoocupied,  as  a  bouse  or  room      I.  Saving  no  legal 

or  validity;  invalid;  null.  111.  r».  1.  An  empty 
e;  a  vacuum.  '.'.  \  breach  oi  nirfaoi  or  matter;  a 
mnecting  space,     ,'i.   Bmpty  condition;  a  blank. 

(I'll.    <    SaiLs.    riiul/i.    lack]      Syn.:   Bee    VACANT,      wdd'a- 

id  r1',  a.  1.  Capable  of  being  made  void.  S.  Thai  may  be 
evacuated. — void 'anee.  «     vold'er,  n.  * 

!'•'-.  [vols.,  i>i  \    Volume,  volunteer. 

vo'lanl,  1  vSlent;  2  vSlant,  a.  1.  Passing  through  the 
air;  flying.     2.  Light.    |i    ,  ppi    oi    oler("    L.  roio)7fly.] 

Vo"la-puk',  1  yo'lu-iiiik':  2  yo"la-puk'.  ;/.  A  universal  lan- 
guage. Inyentcd  in  isT'j  byjobann  m.  Sohleyer,  of  Con- 
Btanee,  Baden  [<  Volapuk  VolapUt,  <  i<>i.  world  (< 
wobld),  -  -a- (connecting vowel)  :  put.,  speech, 

Mil'a-Ulc,  i  1   vel'a-til;  2  \ol':i-ill,  a.     1.   Evaporating 

vol'a-ills,  (rapidly  at  ordinary  temperatures  on  ex- 
posure to  the  air.  '£.  Vaporizing  Blowly  at  ordinary 
temperatures;  also,  capable  of  Being  vaporised  :». 
Qy  iiifluenceil;  fickle;  changeable.  4.  Transient; 
fleeting.     (<  L.F  vo\  >,  By.]     S.vn.:  see  uobluc. 

— vol'a-tll  i*-nc>s-,  n.  \ol"a-tH'i-ty*.  vol'a-lll-lze  or 
-Ise,  rf.  <t  if.  [-izkd;  -iz'inc.I  To  cause  to  pass  off  In 
vapor:  become  volatile.     vol"a-tll-l-za'lor  -sa'jtlon,  n. 

\ol<\,  <ih!ir.     \    i  00 

vol-ca'no,  1  vel-kS'no;  2  vSl-ea'no,  n.    [-noesz,  pi.]    An 
opening  in  the  earth's  surface  surrounded  by  anai 
Lation  "i  eject  ■!  material,  forming  a  lull  or  mountain, 

from  which  heated  matt  Cted:  known 

in  the  formt  nd  in  the  lal  ter  as  d 

or  extinct,    lit.,  <:  I.   I  ulc.     i  .\<  i.c\n.]— vol-can 'if, 
a.— vol 'can-Is  t,  n,    One  who  studies  volcanoes. 
Mile,  i  vol;  2  vol.  n.    in  sunn-  card>game  .  as  6cart6,  s  wta- 

ol  ail  the  tricta  In  a  deal      I  i  ■      ee  volant.] 

role*,  n.    A  shorMalled,  mouse. like  rodent,  a    the  meadow* 

:  ue!  i\  •■.    [Perhaps  cor.  oi  wold.] 
Vol'ga,  1  vel'ge;  2  viVm.  ■       \  it.it  in  .-    v..  itussia;  the 

■  too  m   to  the  <  laspia 
vo-li'tion,  1  vo-hsh'an;  2  vo-llsh'on,  ".    1.  The  powi  r  oi 
willing;;  any  exercise  of  will.    'i.  Psychol.  The  faculty 

of  will  by  which  the  powers  are  directed  toward  the 
attainment  of  a  chosen  end.     '.i.  That  which  is  spei  ifi 

cally  willed  or  determined  upon.  [F.,  <  L.LI'  volo,  will.] 
eC.   \mi.i.      v»-li'tion-al,  a. — vo-ll'tion-al-ly,  adv. 

vol'ley,  1  vel'i;  2  vBl'y.  !•  sf.  &  vi.  1.  To  discharge  with 
a  volley;  hi  fly  together;  be  discharged  oi  sounded  to- 
gether. '*.  In  tenru  ,  to  return  the  baL  without  allowing 
Dund  -I.  In  football,  to  kick  the  ball 
befori  I     II.  h.    1.  A  simultaneous  discharge 

of  many  missile  ;also,  tl  di    iharged;  hence, 

anydiscbari  things ai  one.-.     '£.  in  tennis  or 

football,  a  re- u  tn  of  the  ball  or  kick  before  it  touches  the 
ground     [<I    t<,f,v,  flight,  <  L.  volo,  fly.] 

vol 'plane",  1  vel'plCn";  2  vSl'plan".  Aero.  I.  vi.  To 
ard  the  earth  from  a  height  at  an  angle  much 
greater  than  the  gi'^'"f  angl".  II.  n.  A  downward 
iliKht  at  such  an  angle.     [<  L.  volo,  fly,  -f-  -plane.] 

Vol'scl,  1  vfil'sal:  2  vol's!,  n.  pi.  A  people  of  ancient 
Italy  subdued  by  the  Romans  about  350  B.  C— Vol'sclan, 
a.  4c  n. 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    ail  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    tJ  =  B\ng;   thin,  this.  Vixen 

857        2: wolf,  do;  book,  boot;  full,  rule,  cure,  but,   burn;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.        voyage 


volf,  1  volt;  2  volt,  re.  The  practical  unit  of  electromo- 
tive force;  such  an  electromotive  force  as  would  carry 
one  ampere  of  current  against  one  ohm  of  resistance. 
[After  A.  Volla,  Italian  electrician.]— volt 'age,  n.  Electro- 
motive force  as  measured  or  expressed  in  volts. — vol-ta'lc, 
a.  1.  Pertaining  to  electricity  developed  through  chemical 
action  or  contact;  galvanic.  2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  Alessan- 
dro  Volta. — voltaic  arc,  same  as  arc,  n.,  2. — v.  pencil,  a 
metal  point  from  which  a  current  flows,  used  to  produce 
etchings  on  a  metal  plate. — v.  pUe,  same  as  galvanic  pile. 
See  under  galvanic,  a. — vol'ta-lsm,  n.  Physics.  The  act  of 
producing  an  electric  current  by  the  chemical  action  of  a 
liquid  on  dissimilar  metals;  galvanism. — volt'me"ter,  n. 
An  instrument  for  measuring  an  electric  current. 

Volt2,  n.  1.  In  horse=training,  a  gait  in  which  the  horse 
moves  partially  sidewise  round  a  center  with  the  head 
turned  out.  2.  In  fencing,  a  sudden  leap  to  avoid  a 
thrust.  [  <  F.  volte,  wheel,  <  It.  volta,  turn,  <  volvo,  turn.] 

Vol'ta,  1  vel'ta;  2  vdl'ta,  n.  1.  Alessaudro  (1745-1827),  an 
Italian  physicist  and  pioneer  In  electricity.  2.  A  river  in  E. 
Ashanti,  Africa;  length,  670  m.  to  the  Gold  Coast. 

VoI"taIre',  1  vol'tar';  2  vertar',  Francois  Marie  Arouet  de 
(1694-1778).    A  French  dramatist,  poet,  and  reformer. 

vol"tl-geur',  1  vertl-3ur';  2  v61"ti-zhur',  n.  One  who  vaults; 
a  tumbler;  in  the  French  army,  an  imantry  rifleman.    [F., 

<  volttger,  vault.  <  It.  voltegaiare,  <  volta;  see  volt2.] 
vol'u-bl(ep,  1  vol'yu-bl;  2  vol'yu-bl,  a.    1.  Having  a  flow 

of  words  or  fluency  in  speaking.  2.  Turning  readily;  re- 
volving; apt  or  formed  to  roll.    3.  Bot.  Twining.     [F., 

<  L.  volubilis,  <  volutus,  pp.  of  volvo,  turn,  roll.] — vol'u- 
bKe-nessr,  n. — vol"u-bil'l-ty,  n. — vol'u-bly,  adv. 

vol'ume,  1  vel'yum;  2  vol'yum,  n.  1.  A  collection  of 
sheets  of  paper  bound  together;  a  book;  anciently,  a 
written  roll,  as  of  papyrus  or  vellum.  2.  Something  of  a 
swelling  form.  3.  A  large  quantity;  a  considerable 
amount.  4.  Math.  The  amount  of  space  included  by 
the  bounding  surfaces  of  a  solid.  5.  Fulness  or  quantity 
.of  sound  or  tone.  [F.,  <  L.  volumen,  <  volutus;  see 
voluble.] — vol"u-met'rlc,  a.  Physics.  Pertaining  to  mea- 
surement of  compounds  by  comparison  of  volumes,  vol"- 
u-met'rl-calt.  —  vol"u-met'rl-cal-ly,  adv.  —  vo-lu'ml- 
nous,  a.    1.  Consisting  of  many  volumes;  also,  of  great  bulk. 

2.  Having  written  much;  productive,    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 
vol'un-ta-ry,  1  vel'un-te-n;  2  vol'iin-ta-ry.     I.  a.     1. 

Proceeding  from  or  effected  by  the  will,  as  an  act;  un- 
constrained; intentional;  volitional.  2.  Endowed  with, 
possessing,  or  exercising  will,  as  a  person.  3,  Effected  by 
choice  or  volition;  acting  without  constraint.  4.  Sub- 
ject to  or  directed  by  the  will,  as  a  muscle  or  movement. 
II.  n.  [-RIE82,  pi.]  1.  Any  work  or  performance  not 
compelled  or  imposed  by  another.  2.  Mus.  An  organ 
solo  played  before,  during,  or  after  service.  3.  A  volun- 
teer. [<  L.F  voluntarius,  <  voluntas,  will.]  Syn.:  see  spon- 
taneous.— voluntary  system,  voluntary  in  distinction 
from  state  support  of  religious  or  educational  institutions. 
vol'un-ta-ry-Ismt. — vol'un-ta-ry-lst,  n. — vol'un-ta-rl- 
ly,  adv.— vol'un-ta-rl-ness,  n. 

Vol"un-teer',  1  vel"un-tir';  2  v6i"un-ter'.  l.vt.&vi.  To 
offer,  contribute,  or  enter  into  service,  as  in  the  army,  of 
one's  free  will.  II.  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  composed  of 
volunteers;  voluntary.  2.  Agric.  Springing  up  natu- 
rally, as  from  fallen  seed.  III.  n.  1.  One  who  enters 
into  any  service,  as  in  the  army,  of  his  own  free  will.  2. 
Law.  One  who  takes  title  under  a  deed  made  without 
any  consideration.     [  <  F.  volontaire,  voluntary.] 

vo-lup'tu-a-ry,  1  vo-lup'cliu-[or  -tiu-]e-n;  2  vo-lup'chu- 
[or  -tu-Jii-ry.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  or  promoting  sensual 
indulgence.  II.  n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  One  addicted  to  sensual 
pleasures.    [  <  L.  voluptuarius,  <  volupta(t-)s,  pleasure.] 

VO-lup'tu-ous,  1  vo-lup'<5hu-[or  -tiu-lus;  2  vo-lup'chu-[or 
-tu-]us,  a.  1.  Belonging  to,  producing,  exciting,  or 
yielding  sensuous  gratification.  2.  Pertaining  to  the 
enjoyment  of  pleasures  or  luxuries;  luxurious;  sensual. 

3.  Having  fulness  of  beautiful  form,  as  a  woman.  [< 
L.F  voluptuosus,  <  voluptas,  pleasure.]    -ly,  adv.    -ncss,  n. 

vo-Iure',  1  vo-liot';  2  vo-lQt',  n.  1.  Arch.  A  spiral  scroll.llko 
ornament,  as  in  Corinthian  capitals;  a  scroll.  2.  A  gastropod 
with  spirally  formed  shell.  [F.] — vo-lutc'*sprlng",  n.  A 
flat  metallic  spring  colled  in  a  spiral  conical  form. 

vom'l-ca,  1  vom'i-ka;  2  v6m'i-ca,  n.  [-c*.  1  -si;  2  -c6,  pi.] 
1.  A  collection  of  purulent  matter  within  an  organ.  2. 
Expectoration  of  putrid  matter.    [L.,  <  vomo,  discharge.] 

vom'it,  1  vom'it;  2  v6m'it.  Id.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  throw  up 
from  the  stomach;  spew;  belch  forth,  '*.  To  eject  forci- 
bly or  issue  with  violence  from  any  hollow  place.  II.  n. 
1.  Matter  that  is  ejected,  as  from  the  stomach  in  vomit- 
ing. 2.  An  emetic.  3.  The  act  of  vomiting.  [<  L. 
wmitvs,  pp.  of  vomo,  vomit.]— vo-ml'tlont,  n.  The  act  or 
capability  of  vomiting.— vom'l-tlv(eB,  a.  Causing  vomit" 
Ing;  emetic— vom'l-to-ry,  a.  Efficacious  in  producing 
28 


vomiting. — vom'l-to-ry,  n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  1.  The  principal 
entrance  to  a  Roman  theater.    2.  An  emetic. 

vom'l-io,  1  vem'i-to;  2  v6m'i-to,  n.    Yellow  fever.    [Sp.] 

voo'doo,  1  vu'dfl;  2  voo'doo.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  the  rites, 
sacrifices,  or  practises  of  voodoolsm.  II.  n.  X.  The  super- 
stitions (collectively)  prevalent  among  West-Indian  and 
southern  United  States  Creoles  and  negroes,  and  dealing  with 
charms,  witchcraft,  etc.  2.  A  negro  conjurer  supposed  to 
have  power  in  such  practises.  [Of  African  origin;  cp.  hoo- 
doo.] vou'doui. — voo'doo-lsm,  n.  Belief  in  voodoo  prac- 
tises; also,  the  organization  and  ceremonies  founded  thereon. 

VO-ra'cious,  1  vo-re'sTius;  2  vo-ra'shus,  a.  1.  Eating 
with  greediness;  ravenous.  2.  Greedy;  rapacious.  3. 
Ready  to  swallow  up  or  engulf.  [<  L.  vorax  (vorac-), 
<  vow,  devour.)  Syn.:  see  greedt.  -ly,  adv.— vo-rac'I-ty, 
n.    vo-ra'clous-ness$. 

vo-ra'got,  n.  A  whirlpool;  an  abyss.  [L.,  <  vara,  devour.] — 
vo-rag'I-noust,  a.    Pertaining  to  a  whirlpool. 

-vorous,  suffix.  A  termination  signifying  eating,  feeding  upon; 
as,  omnivorous,  gramlnirorotts.    [  <  L.  voro,  devour.) 

vor'tex,  1  ver'teks;  2  vor't&ks,  n.  [vor'ti-ces,  or  vor'- 
tex-es,  pi.]  1.  A  mass  of  rotating  or  whirling  fluid,  es- 
pecially when  sucked  spirally  toward  the  center;  a 
whirlpool.  2.  Physics.  A  portion  of  fluid  whose  parti- 
cles have  rotary  motion.  [L.,  <  verto,  turn.] — vor'tl- 
cal,  n.  Of,  like,  or  causing  a  vortex.— vor-tlg'I-nous,  1 
ver-tij'i-nus;  2  vor-tlg'i-nus,  a.    Moving  as  In  a  vortex. 

Vor'tl-gern,  1  ver'ti-gurn;  2  vor'ti-gern,  n.  A  king  of  the 
Britons  in  the  5th  century.    Vor'tl-gert. 

Vosges,  1  vos;  2  vozh,  n.  A  mountain  chain  between  N.  E. 
France  and  Germany;  scene  of  much  fighting  between 
French  and  Germans,  1914-1915. 

VO'ta-ry,  1  vo'ta-n;  2  vo'ta-ry.  I.  o.  Consecrated  by  a 
vow  or  promise;  votive.  11.  n.  [-riesz,  pi.]  1.  One 
devoted  to  some  particular  worship,  pursuit,  study,  etc. 
2.  A  worshiper,  as  of  an  idol.  [<  L.  votum;  see 
vote,  n.]    vo'ta-rlstj. — vo'ta-ress,  n.  fern.    vo'tresst-l 

vote,  1  vot;  2  vot.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [vot'ed11;  vot'ing.]  1.  To 
enact  or  determine  by  vote.  2.  To  cast,  as  a  vote;  exer- 
cise the  right  of  suffrage.  3.  [Colloq.]  To  agree  in 
asserting.  4.  [Slang.]  To  control  the  vote  of.  D.  n.  1. 
A  formal  expression  of  will  or  opinion  in  regard  to  some 
question  submitted  for  decision,  as  in  electing  officers, 
passing  resolutions,  etc.  2.  That  by  which  such  choice 
is  expressed,  as  a  show  of  hands,  or  ballot.  3.  The  re- 
sult of  an  election;  votes  in  the  aggregate.  [F.,  <  L. 
votum,  wish,  <  votus,  pp.  of  voveo,  vow.] — casting  vote,  a 
deciding  vote  given  by  the  chairman  of  an  assembly  in  cases 
where  the  votes  of  the  members  tie. — vot'er,  n. 

VO'tlv(eB,  1  vo'tiv;  2  vo'tiv,  a.  Dedicated  by  a  vow;  per- 
formed in  fulfilment  of  a  vow.  [  <  L.F  votivus,  <  votum, 
wish,  vow.]    -ly,  adv.   -ness,  n. 

vouch1, 1  vaudh;  2  vouch,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  uphold  by  satis- 
factory proof  or  credit;  support;  confirm.  2.  To  be  sure- 
ty for ;  warrant.  II.  i.  To  become  surety  for  another  or 
make  oneself  responsible  for  the  truth  or  accuracy  of  a 
statement:  usually  with  for.  [  <  OF.  voucher,  <  L.  voco, 
call.]— vouch,  n.  A  declaration  that  attests.— vouch-ee', 
n.  Laic.  A  person  who  Is  called  into  an  action  to  warrant  or 
defend  a  title. — vouch 'er,  n.  1.  Any  material  thing  (as  a 
writing)  that  serves  to  attest  an  alleged  act,  especially  the 
receiptor  money.  2.  One  who  vouches  for  another. — vouch- 
safe', vt.  [-SAFED't;  -saf'ing.]  1.  To  grant,  as  with  con- 
descension; permit;  deign.     2.  To  assure  or  guarantee. 

vous"solr',  1  vfl'awiir';  2  vu'swar',  n.  Arch.  A  stone  In  an 
arch,  shaped  to  fit  its  curve.    [F.,  <  L.  volutus;  see  volt2.] 

vow,  1  vau;  2  vow.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  promise  solemnly; 
especially,  to  promise  to  God  or  to  some  deity;  make  a 
vow.  2.  To  declare  with  assurance  or  solemnity.  3.  To 
make  a  solemn  threat  to  inflict,  as  vengeance.  II.  n.  1. 
A  solemn  promise,  as  to  God,  to  perform  some  act  or 
make  some  gift  or  sacrifice.  2.  A  solemn  engagement  to 
adopt  a  certain  course  of  life,  observe  some  moral  pre- 
cept, etc.;  also,  a  pledge  of  faithfulness.  [  <  F.  vaeu,  < 
I>.  votum,  wish,  vow.]    Syn.:  see  oath.— vow'er,  n. 

vow 'el,  1  vau'el;  2  vow'ei.  I.  vt.  [vow'eled  or  vow  - 
elled;  vow'el-inq  or  vow'el-lino.]  To  supply  with 
vowels.  II.  a.  Pertaining  to  a  vowel.  III.  re.  1.  An 
open  vocal  sound  as  opptxsed  to  a  closed,  stopped,  mute, 
or  consonant  sound.  2.  A  character  indicating  the  sound, 
as  o,  e,  i,  o,  oru.     [  <  F.  voyelle,  <  L.  vocalis,  sounding.] 

vox,  1  voks;  2  v6ks,  n.  Voice;  especially,  in  music,  a  voice; 
part.  |I..]  vox  hu-ma'na,  1  hlu-mii'nn;  2  hu-mii'iiii,  a 
reed-stop  for  producing  In  an  organ  tones  that  resemble  the 
human  voice.    [L.]— voj  pop'u-il,  l  pep'yu-lol;  2  oop'yu- 

II,  the  voice  of  the  people;  public  Sentiment     1 1-  I 

voy'age,  1  voi'ij;  2  voy'ag.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [voy'aged;  vot'- 
ao-ino.]  To  travel  over;  make  a  voyage;  journey  by 
water.  II.  n.  A  journey  by  water,  especially  by  sea; 
specifically,  the  outward  and  homeward  passages  of  a 


•  "r     1  ■' 

Will 


.  «h»(      i 


art:  not,  fir;  full,  rflle;  but,  bOrn; 

>ii  i  .>•'..,.     s  >  ■ 


\  rl. 


il   .  \  ill. 


... 

v 
>      -  . 

\  i  .  .(  i.,m- 

rul.,  rule..       r.    \  ui- 


\  ul  i  in.  I 

ting.    '-• 

■  .in  uii- 

I 

.  i  ni-. in.       \  ul-.  hi  It        i  ul  i  iii-ii<  . 

rubber  ili.ii  has  been 

* ui  i  HI-I-/.I        --.i'  nun, 

■rulilwT  with  sulfur  ;ii 

Mil  '«  .111- 

,  III  '.    ill-!/  -I-      ■  r. 

I.        !.  Pertaining  to  the 
immon;  low.    2.  Pertaining 

'|i|i-  at    large;   coinnuin; 
;.  inelc- 

rt.  -  common  use. 

l .  .'  .    I  in-  vernacular 

I.  T  ruloai  .  common  people  ) 

Sjnu  bear,  broad,  coarse,  grow.  Ignoble,  Inelegant,  infe- 
rior, loose,  low.  mean,  otw-  offensive,  rude,  un- 
set:  (.uiUIo.N.  —  Ant.:   arlsto- 


n      \ 

■at». 

n     I 
a  bit 

*  ii  I  ^ar.  1  ■. 


i  tint)  .  olegant, 

ifty,   polite,   re .i 

\ul  kii-I>  .  >  ul-u  i  1 1-  iii.  \   pel  .HI  ..f 

Mil  i  .  I 

Mii-t.ir  i-i  \         riia  quality  or  character 

,.f  r>-f Hit  iin'ii!       Mil  'n-ir- 
inci      Mil  K.ir-l/r  "i  -|ae,  •! 

Vul'gate,  i  *  i-  Bi    Jerome'a  i  atln  ver- 

i  h  aome  modifications,  bj  Roman 

i    The  \  ulgar  tongue;  \  ■  i  nai  ul  ir.  l<    L 

Mil    lllt-.l-lll    l',l  I. 

blo  "I  raeci\  mi'  injuries, 
lilublo. 
wound  \      nil*" 
nrr-.i-Mi'i-i  v .      rul'ncr- 
.i-i.i  p-ncu  .   .     miI'iht- 
a-rj  .  i  io  cure 

wound      il. 

Ing    application  f"r 
wounds,  as  a  preparation  of 

nil 'pine,  i  l   vul'pin   ot 
v  ul  im n  ■,  )  -pain;  2  \  Qi'pin 
or  -pin        I  ■  bing  to  a  fox; 

si] ;    crafty.     I  <  l 
.  fox.] 

\  ul  'nirr,  l  ■.  i  il'i  bur  or  -tiur;  2  ( 

\  large  bird  of  prey  having  the  head  and 
neck  naked  and  feeding xnoetly  on  carrion,  |  <  L.'vullur, 
<  Minis,  pp.  of  oelio,  tear.]  Mil'tur-in  c,  a  Mil'tur- 
ousi.  [turkey.    [Var  •  .'  1 1  t/n  bj  i 

Mil  lurn,  l  vol'torn;  :.'  vul'tOrn,  «.    The  Australian  brush" 

\  \ ..      ■'/■.    Violins.     \.  v.,  nbhr.    Vice  versa, 

\>  'lug,  1  vul'nj;  2  vying,  pp.  of  ml.  t.  — vy'lug-ly,  adv. 


Milk' 

Vulture. 

'/•I 


w 


Wto 


TMack 


7/; 


(0     Script. 


W.  w,  1   i  •r.l-vu.  2  (lub'l-yu.  n.    [w's.Ws.or  H's.  1  dobl- 
r:  tin-  twenty-third  in  the 

>\  .  '.'.  ednesday,  Welsh,  West,  western, 

».,    abbr.     Wanting,   week,   wife. 

\\      \  .  era  Australia. 

ffa'baoli.  '  •<      A  river  in  W.  Ohio  and 

[ndiana;  length.  517  lo  river. 

wab'M.  .  I-  [wab'blbd; wab'- 

i  ,  ]    1.  'l  otm  ..lily,  as  a  top 

8.     '    olloq.]  To  vacillate 

neae.    II.  n.     '■  motion,  such 

a?  U  it  ol  lies.    (<  I. CI. 

(K>V-    .  wuh'blc:.      Hali'liliT,  ;,       uah'hl),  a. 

wark  v.  :  \  ak'e,  n.    A  brown  earthy  or  clayey  rock. 

icte.  a  kind  of  rock  ]    wack  '\    . 
wad  .   :  '.lu.'w.n1;  wau'iiin';  ]     1.  To 

press  (6brous  sul  '-'-  To  pack  with 

wadding.:  duable  freight,  or  to  stuff 

■.  wad  in,  as  a  gun. 
w»il!:,  ■  nil  Mit.       ■.    Wedded. 

wad':.  •  [<  A3,  tr eddian.] 

wad'.  lid 

wad,  •.      I .   '  any  soft  or  flexible 

I  tiffing,  paelring,  "r 
linn..'      2.  i    etc.,  used  t<>  1m. Id 

rel     3.  \\  ad- 
ding     [<   9w,  soda.]— wad 'ding,   n      l.  Wads  col- 
tton,  used  as  material 
id  or  wads, 
wad 'die,   1  wodl;  2  wnd'1.     I.  n.     [wad'dlsd;  wad'- 
dotg  j    'I  ;"  '"  walking; 

II.  .lum.sy 

wad  dl.r 
wad'd) .  ral  ]  1.  A  thick 

natr.  •'!   wad'dle:. 

wade.  1.  rf   &  ri.     (wad'ki-1;  wii/i.mi  ]     I.  ' 

■  :  walking  on  the  L 
[id     II.  i.     1.  To  walk  through 

■ 

w.i<|. .  i      i  if  wading     S.Aford      wad'er,  n. 

1  1.  A  long-b-gK'-d  wading  bird  as  a  snipe. 

•a'dlf  1  wd'dj;  2  wa'di,  n.     lu  the  Uncut,  a  valley  con- 


taining the  bod  of  a  watercourse,   usually  dry  except 

in  the  rainy  seaaon.    [Ax.]    wa'dyj. 
wad'na,  1  wed'na;2  wsd'na,  v.  [Scot]  Would  not. 
wad 'set,  1  wed'set;  2  wad'sSt,  n.    8cota  Law.     a  pieiice,  as 

of  land,  as  security  for  a  debt.    [<  AS.  wed,  pledge,  I  bet1, 

«i  wad 'set  tt>    wmd'seWec,  n.    one  receiving  a  waiisei. 

Wl  'd>,  n.     Same  as  u  Mil.     [AT.] 

wat'i,  i we: 2 wa,  [8co1  |  I.  a.  Borrowful.  \\.n.  wo.-wae'- 
fui,  a.  [Soot.]  WofuI;sad  -wac'nees, n.  [Scot.]  Sadness. 
— wae'some,  a.  [Soot.]  Melancholy. 

wa'for,  1  wfi'far;  2  wa'fer.    I.  vt.    To  attach  ..r  seal  with  :i 
wafer,    II.  ».    1.  A  thin  hardened  disk  <.l  paste  fur  seal- 
ing letters  or  receiving  the  impress  of  a  seal.    'I.  A  .small 
flat  disk  "f  unleavened  bread,  used  in  the  eucharist  in 
churches;  the  host.    9.  Med  A  flat  f orm  of  capBule. 
4.  iiU.  A  di.-k  of  priming  material.   5.  Any  circular  cake 
tie.  dough,  ..r  the  like;  also,  a  thin  light  bis- 
-  ifer.] 

waffle,  1  wefl;  2  wafl,  n.     1.  A  batter  cake  baked  in 
WaffledronB.      ''•  A  thin  cake;  wafer. 
(<    D.   icafel,   wafer.]— waf 'lie  l"roiis, 
n.   /</.      A  utensil  consisting   of    I 
halves  fur  baking  waffles. 

wart,  1  wuft  ;  :.'  waft.  Id.  vt.  To  etirry 
gently  <.r  lightly  with  waving  motion 
in  or  OH  a  buoyant  medium,  as  air  or 

'.'  |  .     Co      i  pal    or    I.e.  I 
with  tie-   hand.       II.  /'.     1.  The  ftCt   "I 
one  win.  or  of    that,  which  wafts.     2. 

A  breath  or  current  of  au  ing  odor.    t.Naut. 

i\  \  rignal  made  with  a  flag  or  pennant.  (2)  A  signal" 
flag  or  •pennant.  (\'ar.  of  wavu,  ».]— waft'aKe,  n. 
i  yance  by  wafting-  Waf'ture,  n.  1.  A  wafting  or 
waving  motion,  't.  Conveyance  liy  wafting. 
wag.  1  wag;  2  wag,  vt.  &  vi.  [waooed,  waod";  WAa'oiNQ  ] 
1.  To  move  or  cause  to  move  lightly  and  quickly  in 
alten  -  directions;  osculate.    2.  To  proceed 

regularly;  as,  life  vmq  on.    S.Togo.    [  <  O.  Sw.  wagya] 

wai;1,  n.     Tie-  :tct  ,,r  motion  of  wagging. 

wag;2,  n.     A  droll  fellow  or  humorous  fellow;  wit;  a  joker. 

[Abbr.  of  waghalter,  <  wao,  v..  +  halter,  n.]— wag'- 

ger->,  n      Mischievous  Jocularity;  drollery.    Syn.:  see  WIT. 

wag'glsh,  a      1.  Helng  or  acting  like  a  wag.     2.  Said  or 

done  In  waggery.     Syn.:  -\y,ado.    -ness.n. 

wage,  l  wSj;  2  wag.    I.  vt.    [waged;  wag'ino.]    1.  To 

engage  in  and  maintain  vigorously,  aa  a  conflict.     /$• 


Waffle- 
irons. 


1: a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    rfhin;    go;    lj  =  sing;   tfhin,  this.     VOyageur 
859      2: w^lf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,  cure,   but.  burn;  611,  b6y;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  wall 


Ceram.  To  prepare  by  kneading  or  working.  3f.  To 
wager.  4f.  To  attempt  or  risk.  II.  re.  1.  Payment  for 
service  rendered,  especially  pay  of  workers  by  the  day, 
week,  or  month:  usually  plural.  2t.  A  pledge.  [  <  LL.op 
wadio,  <  wadium,  pledge.]    Syn.:  see  salary 

wa'ger,  1  we'jar;  2  wa'ger.  l.vt.&vi.  1.  To  stake  (some- 
thing) on  an  uncertain  event;  bet.  2.  To  make  th# sub- 
ject of  a  bet.  II.  n.  1.  An  agreement  between  persons 
that  something,  as  money,  shall  be  delivered  over  to 
one  of  them  on  the  happening  or  not  happening  of  an  un- 
certain event;  a  bet.  2.  The  thing  so  pledged.  [  <  OF. 
gageure,  <  wager,  pledge,  wager.] — wa'ger-er,  re. 

wag'gle,  1  wag'l;  2  wag'l.  l.vt.&vi.  [wag'gled;  wag'- 
gling.]  1.  To  cause  to  wag  in  short,  quick  movements. 
2.  To  wag  quickly;  show  a  wabbling  motion.  II.  n.  A 
waggling.     [Freq.  of  wag,  v.]    wag'FJ. 

Wag'ncr,  1  wag'nar  or  (G.)  vaH'nar;  2  wag'ner  or  (G.)  va,H'- 
iii  r,  Willielm  Richard  (1813-1883).  A  German  composer; 
Lohengrin.— Wag-ne'ri-an,  a. 

wag 'on,  1  wag'an;  2  wag'on,  n.  1.  A  strong  four=wheeled 
vehicle  for  carrying  loads;  also,  a  similar  vehicle  of 
lighter  build;  loosely,  any  four=wheeled  vehicle.  2.  Eng. 
A  freight=car.  3.  A  mine=car.  [  <  OHG.Di»esan,  move.] 
wag'gont  [Eng.]. — wag'on-age,  n.  1.  The  amount  paid 
for  conveyance  In  a  wagon.  2.  Wagons  collectively,  wag'- 
gon-aget.— wag'on-er,  n.  A  wagon»driver.  wag 'go  n- 
ert. — wag"on-ette',  re.  A  light  wagon,  with  or  without  a 
cover,  with  the  lengthwise  seats  facing  inward  and  a  cross= 
seat  In  front  for  the  driver.    wag"on-et'i. 

Wa'gram,  1  va'gram;  2  va'gram,  re.  A  village  in  Lower 
Austria;  Napoleon  defeated  Austrians,  July  5-6,  1809. 

wag'tail",  1  wag'tel";  2  wag'tal",  n.  1.  A  small  singing 
bird:  named  from  its  habit  of  wagging  the  tail  when  on 
the  ground.     2.  A  water=thrush.  _3.  One  wjio  is  pert. 

wa-hoo',  1  wa-hu'  or  wa'hu;  2  wii-hoo'  or  wa'hoo,  re.  Bol. 
An  American  tree,  as  thewinged  eln,  the  white  basswood,  etc. 

Waif,  1  wef ;  2  waf,  n.  1.  A  homekss,  neglected  wanderer. 
2.  Anything  carried  hither  and  thither,  as  by  the  wind 
or  water;  any  odd  or  stray  article.  3.  Anything  found 
and  unclaimed.  4.  That  which  comes  along  by  chance. 
[OF.,  <  Ice.  veif,  waif,  <  veifa,  shake.] 

Wail,  1  wel;  2  wal.  l.vt.&vi.  To  grieve  over  with  wails; 
utter  wails;  express  sorrow  by  moans  or  cries.  II.  re.  A 
prolonged  moan;  plaintive  cry;  also,  any  mournful 
sound,  as  of  the  wind.  [ME.  wailen,  <  Ice.  vsela,  < 
vie,  wo.] — wail'er,  n. — wail'ing,  pa.  &n. 

Wain,  1  wen;  2  wan,  n.  1.JW-]  Seven  bright  stars  in 
Ursa  Major.  Charles's  Wainf.  2||.  A  wagon.  [< 
AS.  wxgen,  <  wegan,  carry.] 

wain 'scot,  1  wen'skat;  2  wan'seot.  I.  vt.  [-scot-ed"1  or 
-scot-ted"1;  -scot-ing  or  -scot-ting.]  To  form  a  wain- 
scot for.  It.  n.  1.  A  lining  for  the  lower  portion  of  inner 
walls,  usually  of  paneled  wood.  [  <  D.  wagenschot,  choice 
oak=timber.] — waln'scot-ing,  n.  Material  for  a  wainscot;  a 
wainscot;  wainscots  collectively,     wain'scot-tlngt. 

waist,  1  west;  2  wast,  n.  1.  That  part  of  the  body  be- 
tween the  chest  and  the  hips.  2.  The  middle  part  or 
section  of  a  ship  or  other  ob- 
ject. 3.  That  part  of  a  gown 
covering  the  body  from  the 
waistband  upward.     4.  Same 

as  WAISTBAND.     [  <  AS.  *WXXt, 

<  weaxan,  grow.] — walst'band, 
re.      A  band  for  the  waist,  con- 
stituting the  upper  part  of  trous- 
ers, skirts,  etc. — waist'=cloth", 
re.      A   cloth   partially  covering 
tlie  waist,  passing  over  the  hips  An    Embroidered    Waist- 
and  under  the  thighs,  worn   by      coat   or   Undercoat,  as 
natives  In  tropical  countries,  often      worn  In  the  early  part 
as  the  only  garment,      breech'*      0I  the  18th  century. 
cloth"!;   lol  ii '--<■!<>  t  h"  ;. 

walst'coat,  1  west'kot  or  wes'kat;  2  wast'cot  or  wes'- 
cot,  n.  A  garment,  commonly  sleeveless,  worn  under  the 
coat,  covering  a  man's  waist  and  chest.    Compare  vest,  re.,1. 

waitd,  1  wet;  2  wat,  v.  1. 1.  1.  To  delay  departure  or  ac- 
tion until  the  coming  or  prior  action  of;  await.  2. 
[Colloq.]  To  put  off  until  tlir  occurrence  of  some  event; 
postpone;  delay;  as,  to  wait  dinner,  II.  i.  1.  To  rest  in  ex- 
pectation. 2.  To  look  forward  to  something.  3.  To  stand 
in  readiness.  4.  To  perform  duties  of  personal  service 
or  attendance;  be  or  act  as  a  waiter.  3t«  To  attend  as 
a  result.     4t.  To  escort;  attend.     Syn.:  see  aiiidk;  LINGER. 

Wait,  n.  1.  The  act  of  waiting,  or  tint  time  occupied  in 
waiting;  delay.  2.  A  member  of  a  band  of  street  musi- 
cians,asChristmasserenaders,  8f»  A  watchman  or  guard. 
Af«  An  ambush;  trap.  [<  OHG.'  wahta,  watchman.] 
— walt'er,  re.  I.  One  who  walls  upon  Others,  as  In  a  res- 
taurant. 2.0uewlioawaltssoineililiiL'  :t.  A  tray  lor  dishes, 
etc.    4t.  A  Wtttehmau  or  keeper.— wait 'res*,  n. 


Waite,  1  wet;  2  wat,  Morrison  Remick  (1816-1888).  An 
American  jurist;  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court. 

waiv(ep,  1  wev;  2  wav,  vt.  [waived,  waivd8;  waiv'inq.] 
To  relinquish,  especially  temporarily,  as  a  right  or  claim; 
yield.  [  <  OF.  weyver,  perhaps  <  Ice.  veifa,  wave.] — 
waiv'er,  n.  Law.  The  voluntary  relinquishment  of  a  right. 

wake,  1  wek;  2  wak,  v.  [waked*  or  woke;  wak'ing.]  I.e. 

1.  To  rouse  from  slumber;  awake.  2.  To  resuscitate. 
3.  To  excite;  arouse.  4.  To  cause  to  sound  or  resound. 
5.  To  keep  a  vigil  over.  II.  i.  1.  To  be  aroused  from 
sleep.  2.  To  be  or  remain  awake.  3.  To  be  brought 
in  any  way  from  a  torpid  into  an  active  condition.  4. 
To  be  set  in  motion  or  action.  5.  To  come  out  of  sleep, 
a  trance,  or  death.  6.  To  keep  watch  or  guard  at  night. 
[  <  AS.  waclan,  wake,  wacan,  arise.]  Syn.:  see  stir.—  wak'- 
er,  re.    1.  A  wakener.    2.  One  who  stays  awake;  a  watcher. 

wake1,  re.  1.  A  watching  all  night  over  the  body  of  a  dead 
person.  2.  [Gt.  Brit.]  A  festivity  formerly  preceded  by 
a  night  vigil.  3f.  A  vigil.  [  <  AS.  wacu,  <  wacan, 
arise.]— wake'ful,  a.  1.  Remaining  awake,  especially  at 
night.  2.  Attended  by  want  of  sleep.  Syn.:  see  vigilant. 
-ly,  adv.  -ness,  n.— wak'en,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  arouse  from 
sleep;  awaken.  2.  To  Incite  to  activity.  II.  i.  1.  To  cease 
from  sleeping;  wake.  2.  To  keep  awake. — wak'en-er,  n. 
One  who  or  that  which  awakens. 

wake2,  n.  The  track  left  by  a  vessel  passing  through  the 
water;  hence,  any  course  passed  over.  [  <  Ice. vok, hole.] 

wake'=rob"in,  1  wgk'=reb"in;  2  wak'«rob"in.  re.     1.  A  British 
plant  allied  to  the  Indian  turnip,  with  dark=green 
spotted   arro\v=shaped   leaves.     2.   [U.   S.]  Any 
species  of  Trillium,  a  genus  of  perennial  herbs  of 
the  lily  family. 

Wal'de-mar,  1  wol'for  vai']di-mar;  2 
wal'for  vaT]de-mar,  I.,  "The  Great" 
(1131-1182).  A  king  of  Denmark; 
subdued  southern  Norway.  At'ter- 
dagl;  Val 'de-mart. 

Wal-den  'si-an,  1  wel-den'si-an;  2  wal- 
den'si-an.  I.  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the 
Waldenslans.  II.  re.  A  member  of  a  sect 
founded  by  Peter  Waldo  of  Lyons  about 
1170. 

wale1,  vt.  [waled;  wal'ing.]  1.  To 
raise  wales  on  (the  body)  by  striking, 
as  with  a  lash;  hence,  to  flog,  whalej. 

2.  To  weave,  as  the  wickerwonk  of  a 
basket,  with  several  rods  together. 
[  <  AS.  walu,  wale.] 

wale2,  vt.     [Prov.  Brit.]     To  choose;  select; 

hence,  to  woo.  AmerlcanWake* 

wale1,  re.     1.  A  stripe  or  ridge  made  on        robin.     V» 
living  flesh  by  flogging.    2.  A  ridge  or 
stripe,  as  in  the  planking  of  a  vessel.      [<  AS.  walu,  wale.] 

wale2,  n.  [Scot,  or  Archaic]  A  choice  or  preference  of  one 
thing  from  among  others. 

Wal'er,  1  wel'ar;  2  wal'er,  n.  [Anglo«Ind.]  A  horse  of  New 
South  Wales  exported  to  India  for  cavalry  service. 

Wales,  1  welz;  2  wal§,  re.  A  principality  In  S.  W.  Great  Brit- 
ain; 7,468  sq.  m.;  pop.  1,712,770. 

walk1,  1  wok;  2  wak,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  proceed  or  pass 
through  at  a  walk.  2.  To  lead,  ride,  or  drive  at  a  walk, 
as  a  horse.  II.  i.  1.  To  advance  or  move  by  alternate 
steps,  without  running;  move  at  a  walk;  take  a  walk. 
2.  To  act  or  proceed  in  some  regular  manner  or  course; 
behave;  live;  as,  to  walk  in  the  light.  3.  To  move  about 
as  a  ghost.  4.  [Colloq.]  To  leave  on  compulsion;  be  dis- 
missed. [<  AS.  wealcan,  move.] — walk'er,  n. — 
walk'ing,  ppr.  &  n.-  walk'ingsbeam",  re.  In  a  vertical 
engine,  a  horizontal  beam  that  transmits  power  to  the 
crank=shaft  through  the 
connectlng=rod.  work'- 
ing=beam"l.  —  walk'- 
ingsstlck",  re.  1.  A 
Staff  or  cane  carried  In  Walking-stick  (def.  2). 

the   hand    to  assist    in 

walking.  2.  An  insect  having  a  long  slender  body  and  legs 
and  resembling  one  of  the  twigs  among  which  n  lives. 

walk,  re.  1.  The  act  of  walking;  the  slowest  pace;  an  ad- 
vance movement  in  which  a  quadruped  has  always  two 
or  more  feet  on  the  ground,  and  a  biped  always  one 
foot  on  the  ground.  2.  The  gait  of  one  who  walks.  3. 
A  promenade  or  stroll.  4.  A  place  for  walking;  path; 
range;  pasture,  ii.  A  vocation;  course  of  life.—  Walk'- 
out",  n.  A  workmen's  strike:  opposed  to  lockout,  walk'- 
o"vcr,  re.     An  easy  or  unopposed    BUOOeSS,  as  In  a  race. 

Walk'er,lwSk'er;2wak'Sr,n.  I.  John  (1732   in07).  English 

lexicographer  .iihI  ;h  tor      ;.'.  William  (IS2-I    1800).  Ameri- 
can adventurer  In  Nicaragua  and  Honduras. 
Wall,  1  wol;  2  wal.     I.  vt.    TO  provide  with  a  wall;  fortily; 
defend;  enclose;  shut  up,  oul,  or  in.     II.  n.     1.  A  con- 
tinuous structure,  aa  for  the  side  of  a  house;  also,  a 


irl     fat    '.%-r     U\<     gOt.prfar;    111.  I<  olloej    ob.-v.  ►••V    not.  Or;   full,  rule;   but,  born; 

jl  i    |         «■  »:«%i.  l=  v .  ■■        I    loo;  I     6;  I     ■;  go,  ndt,  ftr,  wAn,      ^t;<» 


■  Ion:  <>(- 

,'a\  11  \  .    \ 


lu   l  kkl    Hi.    n  .11. 

H  ill     .  r.  .  |.    - 

u.ill   Hon    .  r.    .       I 

.ml*  b) 
»      I  nil  I.     . 

•  t.  ncc     w .  -paper, 

'.  tinted.  f..r  covering   plaa 

»     pli  .  .  .     .      '  \    | 

Ulltl  .1    Oil    a    wall 

a    i.  ni.  \  :  peaked  top 

■ed  to  ornament  a  wall 

»  ii  I  i-i'i .  ol  the  smaller 

rush      |  \n-tral  | 
»  at   i  ..  •  .       ■  -.1      Vllr.  .1  Kii".  I       8 

1,  1  ewtl        I  .  « 
author:   Ben  Hut. 

i    *ir  Milium  tush  national  hero. 

\\  x\   l.n-~lilii.  n-hhtln.   n       BUMH 

[gllBh  poet. 
\\  .1   I.  r.  r  .1 1 1 1  ii  n.l  \n  Iti- 

eral  lit.  I.  A  poeketbook,  usually 

itherorcan\ 
.!.  18.       • '.  ■  hurdle  J 

«aU'f)i'.        I.  in  which  the  iris  ia  bghfe*oolored 

2.  \  large  staring 
i  be  plke>perch. 

wall     ...  I    . 

v)  ii-ii~.n '.  .   •  ■•         i '  ..  .1-16011',  n.   1.  One  of  a  mixed  Italic, 

.  -  l    Belgium    'l.  Their  language, 

Wal-toa't.     Hal-loon',  a. 

»  jI  lap  .  I  l  tog  ]  To  Bog: 

Po  throw  or  tumble  over.    n. 

•rs.  r.] 

\»  1 1  lop        I.         i.  isly.     2.  To  waddle. 

II    .  -.  gallop.     [  <  OF.  H  .;\LLOP,  r.| 

w.il  low,  I  I.  L  To  roll  about,  as 

in  mud  or  mire,      'i.  ligu- 
I 
untw-conung  II.  I 

mod'hole  in 
.  ■   • 
*  allow  ) — wal'low-er,  n. 
pj  .ii  -ir. .  i  batten, 

\  -rk  city,  the  financial  <-«■: 
•.Ited  Statee. 
**11> -dral'sle.   1  w.,l'i.<lr.  • 

dri'gl.  n     [Scot.)    1.  The  youngest  In  a 
family;  also,  a  young  bird  In  tin 

n  store,    wai'- 
l>  .<lrag"itl. ■:. 
walnut,  1  weilor  wefhiut;   2  waller 
walQnOi  I 

•   edible  Leal  and  Fruit  of 
Engllafa  walnut),  the  Blae*  Walnut. 

S.    -  .i.'m   it  pm;  i, 

fruit,  .-specially  [U.S  I  the  black  wal-"""-  ""l  *■*  ' "*■ 

nui.     U  hickory.    [<  AS 

'■nulu.  nut  ] 
M  .I  poll  .  I'pfll:   2  wal'nol  or  wal'pol.  n.     1. 

Barnes      717     :  •:     bMinh  Earl  Of  Orford:  son  of  Sir  Rob- 
ert: an  Kngllsh  aulhor  and  wit.     2.  ^Ir  Hubert  (1676-1745). 
•i.   I'rlrne  Mill 

wal'm*.  ]     ■  A.-il'jru.i,  n.    A  large 

seal-like      DUU 
|    hind    limbs    flexible     w 
:  '.usk-likeca 
in  t.v 

H .     TOU, 

Wabbt,       A  n      Welsh, 
n  ii  -iiiK-ham,  i  weKew-em;  2 
wal'slng-am.  Mr   Pranell 
"»0i.       An     English 
statesman  and  diplomat. 
Mil'tlitm.  .  -n.n.    A  watchmaking  town 

-'7.800. 
Yt  .1  tli. r  ion  d-r  \  iiifi|-n<l"de,  1  wai'ter  fonder  fo'gel-val'- 
.1*0-    1 170'   12307       \  German 

[gllsh  essayist  and  poet ;  fmnplmt  .1  ntjhr. 

Hal  ton.  l  wSPtan;  2  waKton,  Isaak  (1608-1083).    An  En- 
waltz,]  I.         To  dance  a  waits.    H.n. 
I.                          in  triple  time.    8.  The  music  for  such  a 

tlaiiou.     l<  G.  xcaUer,  <   walzrn,   roll.]  — waltz'er,   r». 


>.   .    I  .  .  ■      ..i      111  It   |     M  ■ 

IW  or  limieiil        |i   or    Of  WklXAWAY.I      Hal'l)!. 

»  .in.  Inmen:  boll)  .  womb 

...mi  I'lmi.  1  «.. in  |. ion  Beads  formod 

..t  nhplla  strung  on  threads,  fornierlj  mod  b)    American 

purrenej     I-    Am    In. I   (pompom,  •    ifompt, 

•rampum  belt,  an  Indian  bell  made  ol  wampum 

«ran'|,lwnii  >  -.m  n   »  vn'mm.  i    l.i    Tomako 

»:iii     ii.  <     iii  turn  or  become  wan;  look  pale  or  in. 

..  in    .  .     ..f  «  l\,  r 

wan,  1  won;  L'  wan,  ■■     I.  Palo,  hi  from  tlokni  •■.  pallid, 

'i.  Gloomy;  dismal      8,  Pale,  ■■* (nothing  dimly  ill n- 

tniiiiiti^i.    |-    AS  whm,  wan.]  ■  M  \  1 1  \ . 

pali      wan'i),  ni/i      wan 'nets,  n     wan'nlsh,  a 

wand.  1  wend;  2  »  I.  A  l^m-  ilendi  i  rod 

,    one  indicating    offloe      '.'.    \   mu  ician'i   baton. 
It.    \  bough;  i»  ^     I  •    loft  •  ii  k 

H.in'diT,  i  ..  der;  8  wan'dBr,  i  I.  I  l{.  I"  roam 
.••.  .t  oi  through ;  travel  '.'.   I  o  Ii  ad  devi- 

ously; lead  astraj  II.  i  I.  To  journey,  ramble,  or 
in.-iMi  hither  and  thithi  r;  traj  '.'.  I"  di  vi  ite  from  a 
true  i  »ne'«  \% ..%     .'l.  To  depaii  from  :i  fixed 

abode;  migrate,    I.  To  become  delirious;  1 u(  61 

mind  5.  To  stray  fr..m  the  nibjeot,  n-<  during  an  argu- 
ment.   [<  AS   tMmdrtan,  <  totnoan,  wind.] 

Sj'n.:  deviate,  <iik:riT>.M,  diverge,  err,  i;o  asfray,  ramble, 
range,  roam,  rove,  stray,  swerve,  veer.  To  loomlsr  in  to 
move  in  mi  tndeflnfte  or  Indeterminate  way  which  m:i\  or 
ma]  nol  be  a  departure  from  :i  prescribed  \\ : i > .  to  it 
to  i  urn  froin  a  prescribed  or  r 1 1; 1 1 1.  way,  physically,  men- 
tall]  .  or  morally,  usually  in  an  unfavorable  sense;  to  i 
is  to  turn  (rom  :i  course  previously  followed  or  thai  some- 
thing else  follows,  and  has  no  unfavorable  Implication:  to 
is  used  only  with  nfiTitirr  to  speaking  or  writing;  to 
used  of  InteUecutal  or  moral  action,  and  of  the  moral 
with  primary  reference  to  the  Intellectual,  an  error  being 
viewed  as  In  some  degree  due  to  Ignoranoe,  Range,  roam, 
and  rove  imply  i  lie  traversing  ol  considerable,  often  at  vast, 
dlstanoes  of  land  or  sea;  range  commonly  implies  a  purpose; 
as.  rattle  rnnsi  for  i 1;  a  hnntlng^dog  range*  a  Held  for 

fame.      Boom   and    rOM    are  often    pin  poseless.   and   always 

wlthoul  definite  aim.    To  swore  or  veer  Is  to  turn  suddenly 

from  a  prescribed  or  previous  OOUrse,  and  often  but  mo- 
mentarily; fir  Is  more  eaprlelous  and  re|iet  It  ions,  the  home 

at  the  Mash  of  a  sword;  the  wind  teen;  the  ship  veert 

With  the  Wind.  TO  ttray  Is  tO  E0  In  a  somewhat  purposeless 
way  aside  from  the  regular  path  or  usual  llmlt.s  or  abode, 
Usually  with  unfavorable  Implication;  cattle  Stray  from 
their  pastures;  an  author  Strays  from  his  subject;  one  strays 
from  the  path  Of  virtue.  Stray  Is  In  most  uses  a  lighter 
word  than  wander.  BambU  In  Its  literal  use  Is  always  a  word 
of  pleasant  suggestion,  but  In  Its  figurative  use  somewhat 
contemptuous;  as,  rambling  talk.  .'See  kwiiii.k.  wan'' 
<ier-er,t,  wan  'der-ing.  ppr.-  Wandering  Jew,  a  legend- 
ary character  condemned  for  maltreatment  of  <  IhrlSt  00  the 
way  toerui'ltlxlon  to  wander  onearth  unt  II  his  ret  urn.  wan'- 
der-lng.Jew",  n.  One  of  several  ornamental  trailing  plants. 

Wan'der-lusl",  1  vfin'dar-lust";  2  van'dcr-lust",  n.  (\V-  or 
W-]  An  Irrepressible  Impulse  to  wander  or  travel.     [(;.) 

wan"der-oo',  1  won'dar-0';  2  wan"der-oo',  r».  A  large  black 
monkey  of  India,  having  a  whitish  beard.    [Singhalese.] 

wane,   1   wen;  2  wan.      I.  ri.     [wanio;  w  an'i.ni;  ]     1.  To 

diminish  in  -ize  and  lirillianej       'i.  To  decline  gradually. 

waniH't.     II.  "      1.  Decrease,  as  of  power,  |.pr-|M. city, 

2.  The  decrease  of  the  moon's  visible 

illuminated  surface;  also,  the  period  of  such  decrease. 

\ -    ■  union,  looao,  • :  wan,  want Ing  ] 
wan'lont,  n.    Disaster,  or  bad  luck;  a  curse:  used  only  In  the 
phrases  In  a  wanton,  with  a  wanton,  etc.     [<  AS.  wan- 
tende,  pp.  of  wanton,  wank.)    wan'nlont. 
want  I,  1  went ;  2  want,  v.    1. 1.    1.  To  feel  the  need  of;  de- 
rave,     't.  To  be  without;  lack  wholly  or  partially. 
:t.    I  0  I"'  in  need  of;  require  or  seek  the  aid  or  presence 

of.    4.  To  do  without;  dispense  with.    II.  i.    I.  To  be 

needy,  •>.  To  be  deficient.  3.  To  be  Lacking  or  absent. 
Syn.:'see  wish  -want'lng,  pa.    L  Not  at  band;  missing. 

t.  Marked  by  lack  of  something.  3.  [Colloq.]  Weak-minded. 
want.  a.     1.  Lack  or  absence  of  something;  scarcity.     2. 
Privation;  indigence,     3.  The  tiling  that  ia  lacking, 
needed,  or  desired.    4.  A  conscious  or  fell  need  ol  some- 
thing.    (<   Ice.  sonl,    <  runt,  neut.  of  vanr,  deficient.] 
Syn.:  absence,  dearth,  default,  defect,  deficiency,  lack, 
I-.,  need,  privation,  scantiness,  scarceness,  scarcity. 
iiv.  povbbtt      Ant.:  abundance,  affluence,  ful- 
plenty.  profusion,  riches,  wealth. 
wan 'ton,  1  won't  an;  2  wan'ton.    I.vt.&vi.    To  squander 
or  waste  wantonly;  revel  unrestrainedly.     II.  n.     1.  Be- 
ing or  acting  without   eh.-ck  or  restraint,  as  in  manners 
or  morals      •».   Marked  by  lack  of  reason  or  considera- 
tion; inexcusable;  without  provocation. 
Syn.:  airy,   fn-e,   frisky,  frolicsome,  gay,  loose,  merry. 


1:  a  =  final;    l=habltj_    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    cllin;    go;    IJ  =  sin^;    Chin,    this.       wallaby 
S61        2:  wolf,  dj>;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  bdy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this,      warrant 


piaylul,  reckless,  sportive,  unbridled,  uncurbed,  unre- 
strained, wandering,  wild.  See  immodest. — Ant.:  austere, 
demure,  discreet,  sedate,  serious,  thoughtful. 
III.  n.  1.  A  licentious  person.  2.  A  trifler.  [  <  AS. 
wan,  deficient,  +  ME.  towen,  <  AS.  togen,  pp.  of  leon,  train, 
draw.]    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

wap',  1  wep;  2  wap,  v.  I.  t.  1.  [Colloq.]  To  whip;  beat.  2. 
[Scot.)  (1)  Toflutteror  Hap,  as  wings.  (2)  Tofling.  II.  i. 
[Prov.  or  Obs]  To  flutter.     [Akin  to  whip.]    wappet. 

wap,  n.  [Scot.]  1.  A  wisp  of  straw.    2.  A  stroke.    [<  wrap.] 

wap'en-shaw,  1  wep'n-sne;  2  wap'n-sha,  re.  [Scot.]  A  show 
of  weapons;  review  of  weapons.     [=   weapon  +  show.] 

wap'en-take,  1  wap'[or  wep']en-tsk;  2  wap'[or  wap']eu-tak,  n. 
Old  Eng.  Laiv.     1.  A  division   of   certain 
Anglian  counties,  corresponding  to  a  hun- 
dred. 2.  A  Saxon  court.  [  <  AS.  wsspentac, 
<   Ice.  vapin,  weapon,  +  taka,  take.] 

wap'i-ti,  1  wep'i-ti;  2  wap'i-ti,  n.  A 
large  North=American  deer  erroneously 
called  elk  in  America.  [  <  Am.  Ind. 
wapilit.   Rocky  Mountain  goat.] 

wap 'pent.  re.    A  weapon. 

wap'pened,  1  wep'nd;  2  wap'nd, 
a.     Worn  out.  wap'perdt. 

war,  1  wer;  2  war,  v.  I.  vt.  &  vi. 
1.  To  carry  on,  as  a  war;  be  at 
war;  make  war.  2.  To  be  in 
any  state  of  active  opposition; 
strive.  II.  re.  1.  A  contest, 
as  between  nations  or  states, 
carried  on  by  force  and  with 
arms;  also,  the  condition  of 
things   created  by  such  a   contest. 

War  is  an  element  of  many  compounds,  sehVexplaining 
in  the  sense  of  'used  in  or  5or  war';  as,  war  narrow,  war=ax, 
war=club,  warworn,  war=horse,  war=knife,  war* 
plume,  war  saddle,  war sship,  etc.  2.  The  science  or  art  of 
military  operations.  3.  Any  act  or  state  of  hostility;  en- 
mity; strife;  conflict.  [<  AS.  werre.]— war'scry",  re.  A 
national  or  party  cry  In  any  contest. — warsdance,  re.  1. 
A  mimetic  dance  representing  warfare.  2.  A  dance  of  savage 
tribes  before  going  to  war  or  in  celebration  of  a  victory. — 
war-plane,  n.  An  aeroplane  used  in  aerial  combat. — wars 
whoop,  re.  A  howl  or  yell  made  by  American  Indians  as  a 
signal  for  attack. 

war'bl(ep,  1  wer'bl;  2  wait)] 
war'bling.]      1.    To    sing 
with  trills  and  runs,  as  a 
bird;  trill.      2.  To  make  a 
liquid,    murmuring   sound, 
as    a    stream.       [<    G.OF 
wirbeln,     <    MHG.    werben, 
Syn.:   see  sing. — war'bler,  re 
who  or  that  which  warbles 


Wapiti.    V»o 


[war'bl(e)dp 


twist.]      S&; 
1.  One    J$ 
a  songster. 


2.  One  of  several  varieties  of  usually  small 
and  brightly  plumaged  insectivorous  song> 
birds. 

war'ble1,  re.    The  act  of  warbling;  a  song. 

war'ble2,  n.  1.  A  bot,  or  the  tumor  caused  by 
it.  2.  A  hard  swelling  on  a  horse's  back. — 
war'ble=fly",  re.    A  bot»lly. 

ward1,  1  ward;  2  ward.    Id.  vt.    1.  To  repel  w 

or  turn  aside,  as  a  thrust  or  blow:  usually  warDlere-  /' 
with  off.  2.  To  act  as  ward  or  guard  for;  (.r|- , , ' : ^' ^7*^' °a,<- ^ 
defend.  3.  To  keep  in  safety;  guard;  Bi»ok»»nd«whlt« 
imprison.  II.  n.  1.  A  person  who  is  in  wuruer. 
the  charge  or  under  the  guardianship 
of  another.  2.  A  territorial  division  of  cities.  3. 
A  division  in  a  hospital,  prison,  etc.  4.  Tin;  state 
of  being  under  a  guard  or  a  guardian.  5.  The  act 
of  warding  or  guarding;  protection.  6.  A  projection 
inside  a  lock,  designed  to  obstruct  the  turning  of 
any  but  the  proper  key;  also,  a  corresponding  notch 
in  the  bit  of  the  proper  key.  7.  An  instrument  or 
means  of  defense;  defensive  attitude.  8.  A  warden 
or  overseer.  9f.  A  garrison;  watch.  [<  AS.  weard, 
watchman]  Syn.:  see  shelter.—  ward  'room",  n.  I.  On 
a  vessel  of  war,  the  quarters  of  the  commissioned  officers 
Junior  to  the  commander.  2.  A  hall  used  for  meetings  of 
the  citizens  of  a  ward  In  a  city. 

Ward,  re.  1.  Artemas  (1727-1800),  an  American  Revolution- 
ary general.  2.  Artemus,  see  Artemi  s  Ward.  :t.  John 
Qulncy  Adams  (1830-1010),  an  American  sculptor,  4. 
Mary  Augusta  (Mrs.  Humphry  Ward)  (nee  Arnold) 
(1851-       ),  an  English  novelist;  Robert  Elsmeri . 

-ward,  -wards,  sutfix.  a  termination  of  Anglo-Saxon  origin, 
lo  denote  motion  to  or  in  (lie  direct  ion  of  a  point,;  as,  home- 
tnirti     \  •    AS-  -weard,  -wearrfcx;  akin  to  weorthan,  become.] 

War'den1,  1  wor'dn;  2  war'dn,  n.  1.  <  >ne  who  keeps  ward; 
a  warder  or  gatekeeper.    2.  A  chief  officer,  as  in  a  prison. 

3.  In  England,   the   head   of   certuin    colleges.     4.  A 


churchwarden.  [<  OF.  gardien,  guardian.]  Syn.:  see  super- 
intendent.— war'den-ry,  re.     war'den-shlpt. 

war'den2,  re.  A  variety  of  pear  used  chiefly  for  cooking.  [< 
warden1,  because  it  can  be  kept  long.]    war'den=pear"J. 

ward'er1,  1  werd'ar;  2  ward'er,  n.  A  keeper;  guard;  sen- 
tinel.    [  <  OHG.OF  war'ten,  watch.] 

ward'er2,  n.    An  official  staff  or  baton.    [  <  ward,  v.] 

ward 'robe",  1  werd'rob";  2  ward'rob",  n.  1.  A  large  up- 
right cabinet  for  wearing=apparel.  2.  The  outfit  in 
garments  of  any  one  person.  [  <  OF.  wardcrobe,  < 
warder,  keep,  +  robe,  robe.]  [ward;  pupilage. 

ward 'ship,  1  werd'ship;  2  ward 'ship,  n.    The  state  of  a 

ware1,  1  war;  2  war,  vt.  To  beware  of:  in  phrases  like  ware 
the  dog,  ware  hawk.     [<  AS.  warian,  <  wser,  wary.] 

ware2,  v.  [Scot.]  To  expend;  lay  out.    [<  ware,  n.] 

ware3t,  vt.    Same  as  wear2. 

ware4t,  imp.  of  wear,  v. 

ware ||,  a.  Conscious;  aware;  hence,  wary.  [<  AS.  wser,  wary.] 

ware,  n.  1.  Articles  of  the  same  class;  especially,  manu- 
factured articles:  used  collectively,  often  in  composi- 
tion; as,  tableware,  glassware.  2.  pi.  Articles  of  com- 
merce; goods;  merchandise.  [<  AS.  waru,  wares.] — 
ware'nouse",  re.  A  storehouse  for  goods. — ware'house"- 
maii,  re.     One  who  makes  a  business  of  storing  goods. 

war 'fare",  1  wer'far";  2  war'far",  n.  The  waging  or 
carrying  on  of  war;  conflict  with  arms;  struggle;  strife. 

wa'ri-ly,  adv.    In  a  wary  manner. — wa'ri-ness,  n. 

war'i-son,  1  war'i-san;  2  war'i-son,  n.  1.  A  note  of  assault: 
erroneous  use.    2t.  Reward;  healing.    [OF.]     war'rl-sonj. 

wark,  1  work;  2  wark,  n.  [Scot.]  Work. 

warld,  1  wurld;  2  warld,  re.  [Scot.]  World. 

war 'like",  1  wer'laik";  2  war'llk",  a.  Disposed  to  engage 
in  war;  belligerent.  Syn.:  martial,  military,  soldierlike, 
soldierly. — Ant.:  civil,  effeminate,  meek,  pacific,  peaceful, 
unmilitary,  unsoldierlike,  unsoldierly,  unwarlike. 

war'Ioek||,  1  wer'lek;  2  war'lok,  n.  A  wizard;  sorcerer, 
imp.     [<AS.  wserloga.  <  wser,  compact,  +  Uogan,  lie.] 

warm,  1  worm;  2  warm.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  make  or  be- 
come warm;  raise  the  temperature  of;  heat  slightly.  2. 
To  inspire  with  ardor;  develop  enthusiasm.  3.  [Slang.] 
To  chastise  or  punish  severely.  II.  a.  1.  Imparting  a 
sensation  of  heat,  but  not  hot;  heated  moderately.  2. 
Having  or  characterized  by  heat  somewhat  greater  than 
temperate.  3.  Imparting  or  preserving  warmth.  4. 
Having  a  feeling  of  slight  heat.  5.  Possessing  or  marked 
by  ardor,  zeal,  etc.  6.  Showing  excitement;  agitated; 
passionate.  7.  United  by  ardent  affection.  8.  Art. 
Having  predominating  tones  of  red  or  yellow.  9.  Re- 
cently made;  fresh,  as  a  trail.  10.  Near  the  object 
sought:  said  in  children's  games.  11.  [Colloq.]  Un- 
comfortable by  reason  of  annoyance  or  danger.  12. 
Characterized  by  brisk  activity.  [  <  AS.  wearm.] — 
warrn'=blood"ed,  a.  1.  Having  warm  blood:  said  of  ani- 
mals, as  mammals  and  birds,  that  preserve  a  nearly  uniform 
high  temperature  whatever  the  surrounding  medium.  2. 
Enthusiastic;  ardent:  passionate. — w.=hearted,  a.  Kind; 
affectionate. — warm'ish,  a. — warm'ly,  adv. 

warmth,  1  wermth;  2  warmth,  n.  The  state,  quality,  or 
sensation  of  being  warm. 

Syn.:  animation,  ardor,  cordiality,  eagerness,  earnestness, 
emotion,  energy,  enthusiasm,  excitement,  fervidness,  fervor, 
geniality,  glow,  heat,  intensity,  irascibility,  life,  passion, 
vehemence,  zeal.  Compare  enthusiasm. — Ant.:  coldness, 
coolness,  frigidity,  iciness,  indifference,  insensibility,  torpor. 

warn,  1  worn;  2  warn,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  give  notice  of  dan- 
ger to;  servo  as  a  warning.  2.  To  notify  authoritatively. 
[<  AS.  warnian,  <  wearn,  refusal.]  Syn.:  see  admonish. — 
warn'er,  n, — waru'ing.  I.  pa.  Serving  as  a  warning,  II. 
n.  1.  Notice  of  danger;  admonition.  2.  That  which  warns 
or  admonishes.    Syn.:  see  counsel;  example. 

warp',  1  werp;  2  warp,  vt.  iv  vi.  1.  To  turn  or  twist  out  of 
shape,  as  by  shrinkage  or  heat.  2.  To  give  a  wrong  ten- 
dency to;  distort ;  bias.  3.  Weaving.  To  stretch  or  ar- 
range yarn.  4.  To  move  (a  vessel)  by  hauling  on  a  rope 
attached  to  some  fixed  object.  [<  tee,  varpa,  throw: 
akin  to  AS.  wcorpan,  throw.]    Syn.:  see  BEND. 

Warp,  re.     1.  The  state  of  being  warped.     2.  The  threads 

that  run  the  lone  way  of  a  fabric.  3.  A  light  cable  used 
for  warping  a  ship.  4.  Silt.  5.  A  length  of  rope  or 
rope-yarn.  [<  AS.  wearp,  <  weorpan,  throw  | 
war'ranl,  1  wor'ont;  2  war'ant.  Id.  vt.  1.  To  guarantee 
the  quality  or  character  of.  2.  To  be  sufficient  grounds 
lor;  justify.  3.  To  assure;  assert  Confidently,  4.  To 
give  legal  authority  and  protection  to.  II.  re.  1.  A  judi- 
cial writ,  authorizing  arrest,,  search,  seizure,  etc.  2. 
Somel  hing  which  assures  or  at  tests;  voucher;  guaranty. 

3.  Official  sanction.    4.   \  certificate  oi  office  given  to 

QOn>COnunissioned  officers  In  the  army  and  navy.  [< 
( )!• .  iiiininl.  ppr.  of  inirir,  guard  I  Syn.:  (verb)  see  ji  si  w  \  . 
(noun;  see  precedent.  -war'raut-a-bl(u'',  a.    Justifiable. 


I  i  ,  I  i  ,,,,..         ii       rflle;   hut,  hOrn; 

,  ,    .,         ,      ,         .       .  iii  i         ,  .1.  qAi,  oi.  »on.      sd'i 


,.  ,r  rmn-D, 

i 
.,...,,...   k. ...    K  ■  ,  „„.|  -'Hi.  "' 

MtfM    Srtrti  I 

.v  I 

■r . 

'  'I 

k.i. 'in.  i.ikiii  by  !i»' 


«  .irl . 


v\   ir   -II.:. 

I.    \  formed 


glandular 


Start    i. 

ora    •       \  c  istle  in  Saxe* 
translat- 

t  iri  .if    1 128  i  in  .  Richard 
■man  and  soldier. 

«  i   r>.  i.      [wa'bI-BBJ   Wa'ki-BBT.]      1. 

1  guarding.     2.  Shrewd;  wily. 

.III.    ;    I'lll   I'KNI.  VIGILANT. 

.  defective  verb,  usedirj  the 
singular  to  Bupply  tin-  imperfect 
L8  •  in,  be.] 

»>  i-ii  .  I.       I .  .     cleanse  by  the  ap- 

-.  water;  a!-...  t.>  remove, 
.'.  .  ■  r  or  dash  againsl : 

:  be  cliff:  also,  to  re- 
■  d  way  by  bo  doing 
■i.  To  punfj  ■ 
t .  r  with  :i  tin-  ■  metal. 

lor  lightly  and  evenly  upon  the 
surf.  II.        1.  >rm  one's  ablutions.    2.  To 

•  .;•     :{.  i<  !olli 
-  wetting  with  or  as  with  a  liquid  with- 
t .  :>•  by  the  action  ol  wati  r. 

- 

WUh  'a-lil  (•'•,  a. 

»a»ir.fM>ar.]   .        i  r  frame  having  a  corrugated 

-  jbbing  article  upon  in  washing  by  band.    '■■  \ 

!  to  I  urn  tin-  n 
« ash  'it,  ;■     1.  <  ine  who  at 
■  ■-  washing.     '.. 
'..r  placing  beneath  a  nut. 
waaaTu  we^man,        i  ; ,1  >i  wai:- 

«  .  I •  .» I  li.  r.  -  r,  <>r  an  imltatloD 

wash 'e>al ".  ..H  of  earth 

wash'y, 
h  iMb'l-ness,  n 
U  l-  h.  I . 

'.'.  :{.   \ 

iration  use.;  1.  I       break- 

on-;  also,  the  noise  made 
•">.  ■!  by  water. 

7. 
»  i-h..  at). 

\\  i-li  'Ing-ton,    I  .--'on.   n.      1. 

Bgsjfca  Taliaferro  (  a  American  negro 

-.'.    i.i'iiriri'     1732   1799 
■ 

3.  Mount, 
ap<  .  i  in  the 

.»  :  ■   ■  oi   I  ii  rtncl  of 

pop.  366,000. 
■i-i'.  I  •  bymen- 

-.H  lal  wasps 

ateriaL     The 
solitary  «a»p-.  construct  cells  of  mud  or  sand.    2.  A 


Bootal  Wasp.    ', , 


iful,  i r r 1 1  il.l.  .  ..i  irritating  person     I        \ 

wasp  lab,        i    Having  «  nature  like  i  wasp;  Lrrl 
.•.  Having  s  wa*p«llko  walsi      Syn 

M   l~|i    l-ll-l)  . 

wasplsh-nt 

ill,  «a-.  J- 

il.  |il     I. 

I ..  di  Ink  the 

health  ol ;  cai ou  .-       II. 

I.     \         Livity    .'it 

which  healths  ore  drunk; 

'.'.  iii.-  ii.|- 

I  I 

i  .  \    ilutation  ..r 

■     vhole.l  was'aelj.    mi'iaD*W|  n. 
wn>t,  I  >-tn<j.  Imp  i>i'i  ol  in 

Waste,   1   wftsl  |    I.  t,    I. 

I   •  ■  ipend  thoughtlessly,  idly,  or  without  n 
doi      I  ength  or  vigoi      :i  .    I  .  . 

M.        I ..  lose  Imik  ..i  substance  gradu 
n'ly;  wiai  awaj  bj  degrees     |-    <  >1    waaU  .       i 

■H  -IJI     kNDl  l(.    Ill    \l( 

waste,  ,:       I .  I  '.'. 

Not  cultivated;  unproductive;  di  ier1  8.  Made  deso- 
late; i  iini  i  ••  Reduced  in  ezi  •  ol  di  mand;  rnper- 
Buous.  Sf.  Wasteful    [<  OF.  watt,-    >  empty.] 

s\n.;  exuberant,  redundant,  refuse,  superfluous,  u 
valueless,  worthless,     Bee  bleak;  vai  int.     Ant.:  oholce, 
precious,  useful,  valuable. 

waste,  n.     1.  The  art  "i  \% : i ~ 1 1 1 i>-r  or  squandering     '.'.   \ 
contmuous  diminishing;  v  isting;  decline,    :i.  Refu 
peciallythal  From  any  manufacturing  process,     -1.  V  de- 
vice thatcai  ■>■ 

Syn.:  chaff!  (Mori  .  d ■•  ■  dross,  leavlngB,  offal,  oflsoour- 
tag,  refuse,  remains,  scum,  sediment  Bee  i  • 
waste'>bas"ket,  n  i  basket  for  aoldlng  paper  scraps  and 
rejected  things,  as  In  an  office,  waste'ful,  <i.  l.  Prone  to 
waste;  extravagant,  'i.  Causing  waste;  ruinous,  -ly,  mil . 
-ness,n.    wast'erf  n,    One  who  or  that  which  wa  I 

was'teltii  l.  i.  fine  white  bread  or  cake.  Z.Hei  t.  bearing 
in  the  form  of  a  round  cake.  [OF.,  •  MHO.  vxutA.]  \as'- 
telt.  wus'tehbrea<l"+,  w.u-aket,  r»,  Bread  or  cake  made 
fromthebest  wheat  Dour.    w.»bredet; w.«I»reedt. 

wast'y,  l  wesfr,2  wast'y,  o.    I.  Waste.   '*.  Refuse. 

«at',  1  wnt .:.'  «;ii, ./.  [Prov.  Eng.]  Hot.  [=  hot.J 

wat*(lwat;2wat,a.  [Scot.]  I. Intemperate.  2. Wet.  |    wet.] 

«at,'     [t'ullug..  &  Archaic]  A  hare. 

Hatfll',  1  Wech;  2  WtU'h,  r.      1.  I.      1.  Ton  los.Ty; 

keep  in  view,  2.  To  bave  in  one's  can  or  keeping;  guard. 
II.  .  L.  To  be  constantly  on  the  alert;  be  wakeful.  "'. 
To  serve  :i*  a  watchman.  3.  To  wish  and  wail  expec- 
tantly; followed  by  for.    [<  AS.  wwcean.]    Synjsei 

k.     watch 'er,  n.    Onewhowatche 

Hiitcli,  n  I.  \  igilanl  observation;  wakefulm  '.'.  I  ine 
who  watches;  a  watchman;  guard.  3.  .\'<in/.  The  period 
of  time  during  which  :i  watch  is  on  duty,  usually  four 
hours;  hence,  a  division  of  the  ni^ht ;  also,  i  he  men  on 
moh  ilnt.N'.  4.  A  pocket  mechanism  foi  keeping  and 
indicating  time,  5t-  A  vigil;  wake.  Gf.  Wakefulness. 
;  i .  \n,  time]  i  i"-r,  as  a  graduated  candle.  |<  AS. 
.  <  uxzetan, wake.] Syn.:seeovEasiOHT  don'  watch", 
.■mi.    One  of  t  lie  two  watches  on  s  ship  from  4  to  6  and 

f.  in  s  I'    M       natch ':<-aM'".  n.      I.  Tlie  protecting  case  Of 

:i  watch:  usually  of  gold  or  silver.  '.'+.  A  sentry«box.— w.« 
cIok,  '(.  a  dog  kept  to  guard  a  building  watch'fUI, '/. 
it  Syn.:  siM'  u>EBT;  vh;ii.\m  watch 'ful-ly,  adv. 
watch'ful-ness,  n  w.^house,  n.  1.  A  building  occu- 
pied by  a  watch  or  miard.  2||.  A  night  linkup,  watch'- 
mak"er,  u     One  who  makes  or  repairs  watohes.    watch'- 

inaii.  u.     [-ubn.pI.]    Onewl o  keep  watch  or 

■  !  as  at  night      w. 'meeting,  n      i.  religious  service  held 
on  New-year's  eve  to  watch  the  old  /ear  out.-   w.«nlght,  n. 

.New-year's  eve.-  w. slower,  n  \  lower  upon  WhlCb  a 
sentinel  L:  stationed  Hatch'word",  n.  A  secret  pass- 
word; a  rauylng«cry. 
wa'tcr,  l  we'ter;  'Z  wft'ter,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  pour  water 
upon;  provide  with  water;  irrigate.  ''••  To  dilute  or 
treat  wi'li  water  :i.  To  give  an  undulating  sheen  to 
the  surface  of  'silk,  linen,  etc  i  by  uneven  pn  jure  after 
damping  and  heating.  \.<<>m  .v  Finance.  To  enlarge 
the  iiiimlier  of  shares  of  (a  rtod  company)  without 
increasing  the  paidVin  capital  in  proportion.  5.  To 
supply  with  streams:  used  in  the  passive  participle. 
II.  i.  1.  To  secrete  or  discharge  water,  'i.  To  fill  with 
saliva,  as  the  mouth,  from  desire'  for  food;  hence,  to 
have  :i  longing;  as,  my  mouth  waters  for  it.    3.  To  get 

and  take  in  water,  as  a  locomotive.     4.  To  drink  water. 
wa'ter-er,  n      I.  one  who  waters.  In  any  sense.     'I.  Any 

contrivance  used  for  watering,    wa'ter-lng,  n.    l.  The 

act  oi  one  who  waters.    2.  The  process  of  producing  a  wavy 


1:  a  =  final;    i  =  habltj_   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  feud;    cTiin;    go;    rj  =  sing;    thin,   this. 
863        2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   full,   r||le,   cure,   but,    burn;   511,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this. 


warren 
waver 


ornamental  effect. — wa'ter-lngscart",  re.  A  cart  carrying 
a  barrel  or  large  tank  of  water:  used  for  sprinkling  streets. 
wa'terscart"!.— wa'ter-ingsplace",  n.  1.  A  place  where 
water  can  be  obtained,  as  a  spring.  2.  A  health  resort  having 
mineral  springs;  also,  a  pleasure  resort  near  the  water. — 
wa'ter-ingspot",  re.  A  tin  can  having  a  spout  fitted  with  a 
perforated  nozle:  used  for  watering  flowers,  etc. 
wa'ter,  n.  1.  A  colorless  limpid  liquid  compound  of 
hydrogen  and  oxygen  in  the  proportion  of  two  volumes 
of  hydrogen  to  one  of  oxygen,  or  by  weight  of  two  parts 
of  hydrogen  to  sixteen  of  oxygen,  and  forming  more 
than  twoHhirds  of  the  earth's  surface.  2.  Any  body 
of  water,  as  a  lake,  a  river,  or  a  sea.  3.  Any  one  of  the 
aqueous  or  liquid  secretions  of  animals.  4.  Any  prepa- 
ration of  water  holding  a  gaseous  or  volatile  substance 
in  solution.  5.  The  transparency  or  luster  of  a  precious 
stone  or  pearl;  figuratively,  excellence;  purity.  6.  An 
undulating  sheen  given  to  certain  fabrics,  as  silk,  etc. 
7.  Com.  &  Finance.  Stock  issued  without  increase  of 
paid=in  capital  to  represent  it.  [  <  AS.  waster,  water.] 
— water  of  crystallization,  the  amount  of  water  that  com- 
bines with  salts  when  they  crystallize. — wa'tersback",  re. 
A  coil  or  chamber  back  of  the  nre»pot  in  a  range  or  other 
stove,  for  heating  water. — w.sbrash,  n.  Acute  dyspepsia. 
— w.  sbrose,  re.  [Scot .]  Brose  or  pottage  made  of  water  and 
meal. — w.=doset,  n.  A  room  having  a  bowl  for  the  re- 
ception of  fecal  discharges,  which  are  then  carried  away 
by  flushing  with  water. — w.scolor,  re.  1.  A  color  for  paints 
ing  rendered  semifluid  with  water  for  use.  2.  That  branch 
of  painting  in  which  such  colors  are  used.  3.  A  painting  in 
such  colors. — wa'ter-course",  n.  A  stream  of  water; 
river;  brook.  Syn.:  see  stream. — w.scraft,  re.  Craft  for 
sailing  on  water. — wa'ter-cress",  n.  A  creeping  perennial 
herb  of  the  mustard  family,  growing  in  brooks,  etc.,  and 
used  as  a  salad. — w.scure,  re.  The  treating  of  diseases  by 
the  application  of  water;  hydropathy. — w.sdog,  re.  1.  A  dog 
that  takes  readily  to  the  water.  2.  [Colloq.J  An  old  sailor. 
— wa'ter- fall",  re.  1.  A  cataract;  cascade.  2.  [Colloq.J  A 
chignon. — w.sfowI,re.  A  bird  that  lives  onor  about  the  water. 
— w.  *gage,  re.  A  gage  indicating  the  level  of  water  in  a  boiler, 
etc. — w.sgall,  re.  1.  A  washout,  w.sgullt.  2.  A  partial 
rainbow.  weath'er=gall"t. — w.sgap,  re.  A  deep  ravine  in 
a  mountain  ridge  giving  passage  to  a  stream. — w.sgas,  re. 
Steam  passed  through  a  mixture  of  hydrocarbons. — w.sgiass, 
re.  1.  A  water=clock;  clepsydra.  2.  A  submarine  telescope. 
3.  Soluble  glass. — w. shammer,  re.  The  concussion  of  con- 
fined water  when  its  flow  is  suddenly  arrested. — w.shen,  re. 

1.  A  gallinule  that  frequents  ponds  and  streams.  2.  The 
American  coot. — w.slce,  re.  1.  An  ice  made  with  water, 
sugar,  and  fruit»juice  only.  2.  Ice  made  from  water  as  dis- 
tinguished from  snow»ice. — w.=level,re.  1.  A  leveling=instru- 
ment  in  which  water  is  employed  for  determining  the  hori- 
zontal line.  2.Thedegreeof  elevation  of  the  surface  of  water 
In  an  enclosing  basin  or  reservoir. — w.slily,  re.  An  aquatic 
plant  that  bears  a  flower  rising  just  above  or  floating  on  the 
water. — w.Jine,  n.  A  line  corresponding  with  a  waters 
level;  specifically,  in  a  ship,  a  line  corresponding  with  the 
water=level  at  various  loads. — w.  slogged,  a.  Heavy  and 
unmanageable  on  account  of  the  leakage  of  water  into  the 
hold,  as  a  ship;  also,  water«soaked. — wa'ter-man,  re.  A 
man  who  plies  for  hire  with  a  boat  or  small  vessel  on  the 
water;  a  boatman. — w.niark,  re.  1.  A  line  showing  the 
extent  to  which  water  rises,  as  at  high  tide.  2.  A  series 
of  translucent  letters  or  designs  in  the  body  of  paper:  used 
by  manufacturers  to  indicate  different  makes.  —  wa'ter- 
mel"on,  n.  The  large  edible  fruit  of  a  trailing  plant  of 
the  gourd  family,  containing  a  refreshing  sweet  watery 
Juice.  —  w.spepper,  n.  1.  The  common  smartweed.  2. 
An  allied  species  without  acrid  leaves:  hence  called  mild 
w.spepper.  —  wa"tersplane',  n.  A  hydroaeroplane. — w.= 
power,  re.  1.  The  power  of  water  derived  from  Its  gravity 
or  Its  momentum  as  applied  to  the  driving  of  machinery. 

2.  A  descent  or  fall  in  a  stream  from  which  motive  power  may 
be  obtained. — wa'ter-proof".  I',  rl.  To  render  water* 
proof.  II.  re.  Material  rendered  Impervious  to  water;  also, 
a  garment  made  from  such  material. — w.sproof,  a.  Allowing 
no  water  to  enter  or  pass  through,  as  a  fabric.  —  w.sram, 
re.  A  hydraulic  ram. — w.srugt,  n.  A  variety  of  dog. — 
wa'ter-shed",  re.  The  line  of  separation  between  two  con- 
tiguous drainage=valleys.— wa'ter-sldc",  re.  The  shore  or 
brink  of  a  body  of  water. — W. 'Skipper,  n.  A  long-legged 
bug  that  glides  along  t  tie  surface  of  si  ill  water.  W.ssfrldcr  t . 
—  w.ssoak',  //  To  lill  Hie  pores  or  crevices  of  (a  fibrous 
body)  with  water.  W. •tight,  a.  So  closely  made  that  water 
<"in  not,  pasa  through,  w. slower,  re.  1.  A  tower  used 
as  a   reservoir  for  water.     2.  A  steel  tower«llke  structure  by 

means  of  which  water  can  fee  played  on  burning  buildings 
from  a  great  height. — wa'tor-way",  n.  A  channel  or  stream 
of   water  as   a   means  of  communication:  water  route. — w.s 

wheel,;/     a  wheel  so  arranged  with  floats,  buckets,  etc.. 

Hint,  It  may  he  turned  by  flowing  water  Bee  ovkiihhot. — 
w.=works,  re.  id.  A  system  of  machines,  buildings,  and 
appliances  f< >r  furnishing  a  water-supply,  w. sworn,  a. 
Worn  smooth  by  running  or  falling  water. 


Wa'ter-bur-y,  1  we'tar-ber-i;  2  wa'ter-ber-y,  re.  A  watch- 
making city  in  W.  central  Connecticut;  pop.  100,000. 

wa'ter-ish,  1  we'tar-isTi;  2  wa'ter-ish,  o.  1.  Having 
somewhat  the  appearance  or  character  of  water;  watery ; 
hence,  thin;  weak.    2§.  Juicy. 

Wa"ter-loo',  1  we"tar-lu';  2  wa"ter-16d',  re.  1.  A  village  in 
central  Belgium,  where  Wellington  and  Blucher  defeated 
Napoleon,  June  18,  1815.  2.  [Colloq.J  Hence,  an  over- 
whelming defeat;  a  complete  reverse. 

wa'ter-spout",  n.  1.  A  moving  column  of  spray  and 
mist,  with  masses  of  water  in  the  lower  parts,  due  to  a 
whirlwind  at  sea  or  on  other  large  bodies  of  water.  2. 
A  pipe  for  the  free  discharge  of  water,  especially  one 
connecting  with  the  gutters  of  a  roof. 

wa'ter-y,  1  we'ter-i;  2  wa'ter-y,  a.  1.  Containing  or  dis- 
charging water;  brimming;  tearful;  soggy.  2.  Resem- 
bling water;  thin  or  liquid.  3.  Consisting  of  or  per- 
taining to  water. — wa'ter-i-ness,  re. 

Wat'son,  1  wet'san;  2  wat'son,  John  (1850-1907).  A  Scot- 
tish minister  and  author;  pseudonym,  "Ian  Maclaren." 

watt,  1  wot;  2  wat,  n.  Physics.  The  practical  unit  of 
electric  power  or  rate  of  work:  approximately  l/ne  of  a 
horse=power.  [  <  James  Watt,  Scottish  inventor.] — 
watt'nie"ter,  re.  An  instrument  for  measuring  the  rate  of 
doing  electrical  work  in  watts. 

Watt,  James  (1736-1819).  A  Scottish  inventor,  engineer, 
and  mechanic;  invented  the  condensing  steam»engine. 

Waf'teau',  1  wa"to';  2  wa"to',  Antoine  (1684-1721).  A 
French  painter.— Waf'teau',  a. 

wat'tle,  1  wot'l;  2  wat'l.    I.  vt.    [wat'tled;  wat'tling.] 

1.  To  weave  or  twist,  as  twigs,  into  a  network.  2.  To 
form,  as  baskets,  by  platting  flexible  twigs.  3.  To  bind 
together  with  wattles.  II.  n.  1.  A  frame  of  rods  or 
twigs  platted  together.  2.  A  twig,  as  used  for  platting 
with  others.  3.  A  naked,  fleshy  process  depending  from 
the  head  or  neck  of  a  bird.  4.  A  barbel  of  a  fish.  5.  A 
pendent  fold  of  skin  on  the  neck  of  some  swine.  6.  Bot. 
Any  one  of  various  acacias  of  Australia,  Tasmania,  and 
South  Africa  valued  for  their  bark,  wood,  or  gum:  so 
called  by  the  colonists.  [  <  AS.  watel,  hurdle.] — 
wat'tled,  a.  1.  Made  with  wattles.  2.  Having  a  wattle, 
as  a  bird.  3.  Her.  Having  wattles,  comb,  or  gills,  as  a  cock, 
of  a  tincture  different  from  the  body. 

Watts,  1  wets;  2  wats,  re.  1.  George  Frederick  (1817-1904), 
an  English  painter  and  sculptor.  2.  Isaac  (1674-1748),  an 
English  divine  and  hymn=writer. 

waucht,  1  w§Ht;  2  waHt,  re.  [Scot.]  A  large  draft,  as  of  liquor. 
[<  Gael,  cuach,  cup.]    waught?. 

waul,  )  1  wel;  2  wal,  vi .    To  give  a  prolonged  plaintive  cry  like 

wawl,  i  that  of  a  cat.    [Imitative.] 

waur,  1  wer;  2  w'ar,  vt.  [Scot.]  To  overcome  in  a  contest; 
worst. 

waur,  a.  [Scot.]  Worse. 

wave1,  1  wev;  2  wav,  v.  [waved;  wav'ing.]  I.  t.  1.  To 
cause  to  move  to  and  fro  in  the  air,  as  something  flex- 
ible. 2.  To  form  with  an  undulating  surface  or  outline. 
3.  To  signal  by  a  movement  of  the  hand,  a  flag,  etc.,  to 
and  fro.  4.  To  form  with  an  undulating  pattern;  wa- 
ter, as  silk.    II.  i.   1.  To  move  in  undulations,  as  a  Hag 

2.  To  have  a  form  varied  with  alternating  curves  like 
waves.  3.  To  signal  by  moving  something  to  and  fro. 
[<  AS.  waflan,  wave.]  Syn.:  see  flaunt;  shake. — wav'er, 
n.    One  who  or  that  which  waves. 

wave2t,  vl.    Same  as  waive. 

wave,  n.  1.  A  ridge  of  liquid,  usually  advancing,  tho 
the  particles  that  compose  it  either  do  not  advance  wit  h 
it  at  all  or  not  at  the  same  rate,  but  have  a  movement  of 
oscillation,  usually  in  a  closed  curve;  especially,  a  large 
ridge  of  this  kind,  as  opposed  to  a  ripple.  'I.  I'lujsicx. 
A  disturbance  of  the  equilibrium  of  a  body  or  medium, 
which  is  propagated  from  point  to  point  with  a  contin- 
uous motion;  as,  a  &o\m&°wave;  a  light«ira/v.  3.  (  hie  oi 
the  rising  curves  on  an  undulatory  edge  or  surface.  4. 
Something  that  comes,  like  a  wave,  with  great  volume 
or  power;  flood;  as,  a  wave  of  insurrection.  5.  A  wave" 
like  stripe  or  streak  of  luster,  as  on  calendered  silk,  etc, 
6.  [Poet.]  The  sea;  also,  water  in  general.  7.  The  act 
of  waving;  a  sweeping  motion.  8.  Meteor.  A  progres- 
sive change  in  temperature  or  in  barometrical  condition 
passing  over  a  large  extent  of  country. 

Syn.:  billow,  breaker,  ripple,  surge,  swell,  undulation, 
vibration.— wave  less,  ;;.  Having  no  waves;  tranquil. 
Syn.:  see  pacific. — wave'let,  re.  A  little  wave. — wav'y,  a. 
1.  Full  of  waves;  milled  by  or  raised  into  waves.  2.  Un- 
dulatory; waving.    3.  Unstable.  —  wav 'l-ness,  re. 

Wa'ver,  1  we'vor;  2  wa'ver,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  mo\  e  one  way 
and  the  Other;  have  a  wavy  m  of  ion.  2.  To  swaj  .  faltei  , 
be  irresolute;  show  signs  of  retreating,  failing,  or  giving 
way.  [Freq.  of  wave',  v.]  Syn.:  see  fujctu.vii  .  Qt  ike; 
shake.— wa'vcr-cr,  re. 


"  »        \         ■■■i  I  0  pfl;   n«t.«r;   full,  rflle;    Imt.bAnv; 

■ .  i  i  ....  ,  iii  i  ..     .11,  iir,  arte,     H04 


■  »»  •. 
» »»i  . 
«  >» i  . 
»  i\  . 
II 


v 

1  s  1  t    I  (LI  I 


i<  ml 


V 
J. 

scaling  wax, 

nmi   lull    . 

\<  i\  .ii. 
nil  Ilk.  . 
nn  .  null.  In  rri    mi  rili  .  \ 

tree   that   be 

«»»'- 

. 

■  rs  npiHil 
»uh    t. 

m  ii'- 
« . .  r  k    .  I 

particularly,  ornament*  or  llfi- 

Waxwlng     '/• 

11  IV    1  .  l. 

'.'.  Made  of  or  coated  w  it  h 

»u   .         i.  larger  gradually;  grow     '.'.  I 

assume  a  coi 
■101  .ii-.;;    Of  WAX1   akH  plural  of  present  Indicative. 
way,  '.  I.  A  path,  i     one,  or  track  leading 

'  •.■■r  ..r  along  which  one  l 
road,  pas.-...  also,  room  for  paas- 

'.)  pass,  go,  or  ...in.  ;  as,  make 

■  1  over;  hence,  di~- 
tanc.  Ef:  often  erroneously 

i.  ■  which  motion  takes  place  <>r  by 

means  of  which  direction  is  indicated;  direction;  c 
i.  which  a  thing 

.">.   \  i  ustomary  or  habit- 
ual i  •  peculiar  to  an  individual, 
cla-H-  of  doing  things.    6. 
A  ct.                                                   7.  A  course  ol  life  or 
8.  particular;  as,  he 
:  in  two  nan         '•  or  °b- 
DOt  iri  my  uay.     10.  Pas- 
sage fr..m                                                     award  move- 
1 1 .         '.'         Longitudinal 
upon  which  a  ship 
l  .'.                 3tati    .r  condition, 
I  way.    |<  AS.  weg,  way] 
Sfcrn                                 lie-path,  ehanhel,  course,  drtve- 
i                                                                  pat  h.  pathway, 
road    • 

:    there  Is  a  tray.     A  road 
,  r,.,i  uay  for  traveling  with 

Itter  unless  the  contrary  i.s 

only  by 

I    P'llh,    brtrll" 

urtry  an-  men 

a  highway  orv  Mo',  ■ 

Ii  /ally  Bet 


.ally  a 
■ 
expressly  sta 
foot-passe  nge 

tmh 

i 

apart  1  - 

orer  water  at  A  rou/e  Is  a  line  of  travel, 

and  r:.  ■    ■  ■  ijt.-r  of 

habitation,  as  a  sea  i><- 

t»«-'  •  village 

1.  and  Imposing  or  prm- 

clpaJ  ttretl       Tract  Is  a  v.  e  speak 

IroaoVmicc',  a  race 

l  road  the  line  worn 

I  liar  passing  of  boot  er  direction  Is 

calif*:  two  objects  or 

lines  of  ■■"•■ii  mount:: 

A  eho-.  ay  through:  a 

too4<--  rarity  or  penn  d  at  any  point 

ceases  for  an  i    un.  dibso- 

■ :.  — way'«bHI  i 

list  of  goods  or  passenger  irrler, 

as  a  railroad  or  stear  ■  r      waj  'far"er,  ■      I  >ni   who  Jour- 
neys a  «a)'far"lng,  pa      way"Ia>', 
..':  wir*LAV'is',  !    1. Tow 

wa>"la>  '- 
er,  «L—  tuj'-l'l'    ■    I     •     Pertaining  to  the  side  of  a  road; 


i  oi  ..r  being  w  !•■    II.  'i    Thi 

of  the  road  or  high*  aray  station,     .    i    Iroad 

brtwi  u.n  train,  il    tin  stopping  at 

ii  ii   ii  ir  i.        i.  Wandering  away;  wilful; 

.'.   without   definite  way  or  course;  unsteady; 

u  n    ii  . r . I- 1  > , 

way'ward-ni  waj  •rorn",  a     Fatigued  by  travel 

-".ii.  \    Iciiiiltialloii  ol    \iu-lo-Sa\oii  Origin,   found 

-  ii  1 1  - .        -  ii  ii  noway,  etc .  and  1 1 

-ways  \  gen 

»  n  k.  • .  -ii  • .  iv n  k.  ii  ■ .        i ..  weaken 

»  on..  Votiioiiv     • ;  ■•  ■   [TOO       In  American 

era!;  "Mad    i 

thl    II  Ud  On,  from  t  he  I 

I.  .1 1 .  • .  patch 

w  .    Ii..    .'•        Warehouse    I k,    water   ballast,    water   hoard. 

way-bill      W.t"..  in  Chapel,  Western  Central 

1 1  on, Ion     Pi  »  .     .    . 

without  cbai  »  <  T.  V.,  abbt  Woman's  Christian 
Temperanoe  i  nloa  ■/.  I>..  abtn  War  Department, 
w  ater  i  lepartmeni 

W6|  1  wi;  L'  W6,  proi  "til  or  in  i 

t-|    !■  Plural  of  I,  Including  the  speaker  with  another 

1  •  r-      "J.  The  writer  or  speaker:  formal  US) 
editorial  writers,  sovereigns,  etc     [•    AS  wi,  we.] 

Hi'..  \\  id.. 

weald  1  wik:  2  w8k,  O.     1.  Lacking  in  si  rength,  power,  or 

.whether  physical, mental, moral, social.oc  political. 

'.'.  I  asking  in  stability  of  character;  unduly  compliant 

3.  showing  poor  judgment  ora  want  ol  discretion;  as, 

■  project .  4.  Deficient,  as  an  instrument, struoture, 

or  part,  in  Btrength,  force,  durability,  or  effioiem        S< 

Declining  in  price;  as,  the  wheal  market  is  weak     6. 

',    mi     l  i  I  nil.  ct.- .1.  as  ,'i  verb  by  adding  «■#/,  </,  or 

i.  to  form  the  pasi  tense  and  pasl  participle     (2)  Porrn- 

ing  the  plural  by  ftHHing      ,,r  ,      t,,  the  nominative  sin- 

imlar.  (3)  Compared  regularly;  as,  weak  adjectives. 
7.  /'/,..;.    Mi   Unstressed;  unemphasued:  used  ol  syl- 

nr  sounds.      (2)    Indicating   the  softer   vowels   in 
languages.      8.    /Vox.    Indicating   verse-ending   in 

which  the  accent  falls  ..n  a  word  or  syllable  otherwise 

without  stress.  [<  Ice  i,ikr.  weak)  Syn.:  see  faint; 
hivi.ii.k:  im  sh.i.vmmoi  b;  Bit  ki.v. 

— weak'en,   rl.      1.  To  render  weak:  enfeeble,     '£■  To 
dilute.    Syn.:  debilitate,  depress,  enervate,  enfeeble,  impair. 

Invalidate,  lower,  make  weak,  paralyze,  reduce,  relax,  sap. 
undermine  unnerve.  Sis-  nirviit  weak'en-er,  n. — 
weak'll-h",  n.  An  American  food-fish:  named  from  the 
tenderness  of  lt.s  mouth  Sec  illus.  under  FISH,  wcak'- 
llng.  I.<7.  Having  no  natural  vigor.  II.  n.  A  feeble  per- 
sonoranimal. — weak'ly.  I.  a.  Sickly.  EL  adv.  Inaweak 
manner.    Syn.:  see  sickly. — weak'ness,  n. 

weal,  1  '.\H::/«.I.  <.    Same  as  walk1. 

weal',  ;/.     1.  A  sound  or  healthy  state,  either  of  persons 

or   things   prosperity;    welfare,      'i.   The   body    politic. 

Or  nation:  now  only  in  phrases,  as  common   weal, 

etc.  3t.  Wealth;  worldly  store.  [  <  AS.  wela,  <  wel,  well.] 

weal-.  ■     Same  as  wale1. 

in  aid,  1  wild; 2  weld,  n.  An  exposed  forest  area;  waste  wood- 
land; also,  an  open  region:  down.    [<  AS.  weald,  tnrest.) 

wealthy]  1  wiii,;  2  welth,  »      I.  A  large  aggregate  ol 

uoltrr,  (property;  riches,  'i.  The  state  ol  being  rich 
3,  '  ,i.  at  abundance  of  anything  desirable;  exuberance. 

It.  Weal;  well-being.      [<  WKAI.1.  ii  ] 

Syn.:  abundance,  affluence,  comfort,  competence,  compe- 
fortunc.  funds,  goods.  Independence,  lucre,  mammon, 
money,  opulence,  pelf,  plenty,  possession,  produce,  property, 
riches,  substance,  treasure     See  peopebtt.     Ant.:  set 

onyms  for  POVERTY.      wealth'>,</.  [w  k  m.iii'i-kh.  wkm.th'i- 
I.  Possessing  wealth;  aftluent.  2.  More  than  BUfflclenl  ; 

abounding     wealth 'Wy,  adt      wealth'l-ness,  n 
wean,  1  win; 2  wSn,  vt.    1.  To  transfer  (the  young  of  any 

animal)  from  dependence  On  itfl  mother's  milk  to 
another  form  of  nourishment,  'i.  To  estrange  from  for- 
mer habits  or  a--o.  lation-;  alienate  the  affections  ol : 
usually  with  frnm.  (<  AS.  wenian,  accustom.]  — 
wean'lliig.  I.  a  freshly  weaned.  II.  n.  A  child  or 
anlrnal  newly  weaned. 
weap'on,  I  1  wep'on;  2  wSp'on,  n.  1.  Any  implement  of 
Wep'On*,   (war    or    combat,    as    a    sword,    gun,    etc.      2. 

Figuratively,  any  means  that  may  be  used  against  an 
adversary.    ■'$.  /</.     Nat.  I/i.st.    The  thorns  or  prickles 
of   plants,   or  the  Ming>,   claws,  etc.,  of  animals.     [< 
tpen,  weapon.]    Syn.:  see  arms      weap'on-less,  n 

wear1,  1  war;  2  war,  r.  [WOBEJWOBN.]  1. 1 .  1.  To  carry 
on  the  person,  as  B  garment,  ornament,  weapon,  etc.-; 
have  on.  2.  To  maintain  habitually;  have  an  aspect  or 
semblance  of;  exhibit;  as,  to  year  a  sullen  look.  3.  To 
impair  or  consume  away  by  use;  efface  or  rub  off  the 
surface  of.    4.  To  produce  by  attrition  or  erosive  action; 


1:8  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    tftain;    go;    lj  =  Bing;    thin,   this.      Waverjey 
865     2:  wolf,  do;   book,   boot;   lull,    rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.  Weet 


as,  to  wear  a  channel  in  something.  5.  To  exhaust  the 
strength  or  patience  of;  weary.  II.  i.  1.  To  be  im- 
paired gradually  by  use:  commonly  with  out.  2.  To 
hold  out,  last,  or  endure:  commonly  with  well  or  ;'//.  3. 
To  pass  on  gradually,  as  a  period  of  time:  often  with  on 
or  away.  4.  To  be  wearied  or  exhausted,  as  courage, 
strength,  etc.  51".  To  be  in  customary  use.  [  <  AS. 
werian,  wear.l 

Syn.:  abrade,  chafe,  consume,  deteriorate,  diminish,  fret, 
fritter,  impair,  rub,  tire,  waste. — wear'a-bl(ep.  I.  a.  Ca- 
pable of  being  worn.  II.  n.  Something  that  is  or  may  be 
worn. — wear'er,  n. 

wear2,  vt.  &  vi.  Naut.  To  change  the  course  of  a  vessel  so  as 
to  bring  the  wind  to  the  other  side  by  turning  her  through 
an  arc  in  such  a  way  that  her  head  points  momentarily 
directly  to  leeward.     Compare  tack.     [For  veer.) 

wear1,  re.  1.  The  act  of  wearing,  or  the  state  of  being 
worn.  2.  Wearing=apparel.  3.  Impairment  from  use 
or  time;  also,  capacity  of  resistance  to  such  impairment. 
— wear  and  tear,  loss  by  the  service,  exposure,  decay,  or 
injury  incident  to  ordinary  use. 

wear2,  n.    A  weir. 

wea'ri-some,  1  wl'n-sam;  2  we'ry-som,  a.  Causing  fatigue; 
tiresome.  Syn.:  annoying,  fatiguing,  irksome,  laborious,  te- 
dious, tiresome,  vexatious,  wearing,  weary.  See  tedious; 
troublesome. — Ant.:  cheering,  enlivening,  inspiring,  inspir- 
iting, restful,  reviving,  rousing,  soothing,  stirring,  thrilling. — 
wea'ri-some-ly,  adv. — wea'ri-some-ness,  n. 

wea 'ry,  1  wi'n ;  2  we'ry.  l.vt.&vi.  [wea'ried;  wea'ry- 
ing.]  1.  To  make  or  grow  weary;  fatigue;  tire.  2.  To 
long;  be  wistful.  II.  a.  [wea'ri-er;  wea'ri-est.]  1. 
Worn  with  exertion,  vexation,  or  endurance;  tired.  2. 
Discontented  or  vexed,  as  by  continued  endurance  of 
something  disagreeable.  3.  Causing  weariness;  weari- 
some. [<  AS.  werig,  weary.]  Syn.:  (verb)  see  tire:  (ad- 
jective) see  wearisome. — wea'ri-ly,  adit. — wea'ri-ness,  n. 

wea 'sand  ||,  1  wl'zand;  2  we'sand,  n.  The  windpipe;  in  gen- 
eral, the  throat.    [  <  AS.  wSsend,  windpipe.] 

wea'sel,  1  wT'zl;  2  we'§l,  n.  A  small  elongated  reddish* 
brown  carnivorous  quadruped,  that  preys  on  smaller 
mammals  and  birds.  In  cold  regions  it  turns  white  in 
winter.    [  <  AS.  wesle,  weasel.] 

weath'er,  j  1  weth'ar;2  wgth'er,  v.    l.t.    1.  To  encounter 

weth'er8,  J  successfully,  as  a  storm;  also,  to  survive,  as 
adversity.  2.  To  expose  to  the  action  of  the  weather; 
affect  by  atmospheric  action;  season.  3.  Naut.  To  go 
to  the  windward  of,  as  a  cape.  II.  i.  1.  To  undergo 
changes  attendant  on  exposure  in  the  atmosphere.  2. 
To  resist  the  effects  of  weather. 

weath'er,  a.    Naut.    Facing  the  wind;  windward. 

weath'er,  n.  1.  The  general  atmospheric  condition,  as 
regards  temperature,  moisture,  winds,  etc.  2.  The  com- 
mon phenomena  of  wind,  rain,  cold,  heat,  or  storm: 
figuratively,  vicissitudes  of  fortune.  [  <  AS.  weder, 
weather.] — Weather  Bureau,  a  bureau  of  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  in  Wasliington  for  meteorological  observation, 
the  diffusion  of  information  concerning  the  weather,  etc. — 
weath'er=beat"en,  a.  Bearing  the  effects  of  exposure  to 
weather. — w.=board,  n.  1.  A  board  prepared  for  the  out- 
side covering  of  wooden  buildings,  nailed  on  so  as  to  overlap 
and  shed  the  rain.  2.  A  board  running  under  the  gable  or 
eaves  of  a  building.  3.  Naut.  The  windward  side  of  a  ves- 
sel.— w.sbound,  a.  Detained  by  unfavorable  weather,  as 
a  vessel  in  port. — weath'er-coek",  n.  1.  A  vane,  properly 
one  in  the  semblance  of  a  cock.  2.  A  fickle  person  or  vari- 
able thing.  weath'er=vane"t. — W.oglaSS,  n.  An  instru- 
ment for  indicating  the  state  of  the  weather,  especially 
a  form  of  barometer. — w.*proof,  a.  Capable  of  withstand- 
ing rough  weather. — w.=wise,  a.  Experienced  in  observing 
the  weather. — w.  sworn,  a.  Worn  by  exposure  to  the  weather. 

weav(ep,  1  wiv;  2  wev,  v.     I.  t.     [wove  or  weav(e)db; 
wo'v(e)np  or  wove  or  weav(e)»8; 
weav'ing.]     1.  To  entwine  or  lace 
together,  as  threads,  into  a  texture, 
especially     by     interlacing      woof" 
threads  among  warpHhreads,  as  in  a 
loom.     2.  To  produce   or   form  by 
the  foregoing  process.      3.  To  unite 
as  by  intermingling  or  intertwining. 
4.  To  contrive    or    construct    with 
elaboration;  as,  to  weave  fables.     II. 
i     To  practise  weaving;  work  with     ,  on8trllctjon  of  a 
a  loom.     [<  AS.  we/an,  weave.]     Syn.:      woven  Fabric 
see  twist.  —  weave,  n.  The  act  or  style 
of  weaving.  —  wcav'er,  re.     1.  One  who  ,,,,,1 'J'.'i'h'"] .  "*'»'*-  w,"!" 'tilt 

WeaVCS.       2.  A  Weaver»blrd.      3.  A  Web-  interlacing  with  It,  tlio'warp. 

making  spider.     wcav'er  =  blrd",  n.     A 
nnch"i ike  bird  of  the  warmer  parts  of  Asia,  Africa, and  Aus- 
tralia that  constructs  a  woven  i ii  si    sociable  weaverabltdt. 
wea'zand,  wea'itel,  n.    Same  as  weaband,  weasel. 


wea'zen,  1  wi'zn;  2  we'zn.a.    SameaswiZEN.    wea'zened.f 

web,  1  web;  2  wfb.     I.  vt.    [webbed;  web'bing.]     1.  To 

provide  with  a  web.     2.  To  cover  with  a  web;  ensnare. 

II.  re.  1.  A  textile  fabric,  especially  as  in  the  piece  or  as 
being  woven  in  a  loom.  2.  A  long  sheet  or  roll  of  mate- 
rial formed  like  a  web  of  cloth.  3.  Anything  artfully 
contrived  or  elaborated  into  a  scheme  or  snare.  4.  A 
membrane  or  fold  of  skin  connecting  the  digits  of  an 
animal,  as  in  aquatic  birds,  etc.  5.  A  cobweb  or  the  like. 
6.  Ornith.  The  vane  of  a  feather.  7.  A  plate  or  sheet,  as 
of  metal,  connecting  the  parts  of  something.  [  <  AS. 
web,  <  we/an,  weave.] — webbed,  webds,  a.  1.  Having  aweb. 
2.  Having  the  digits  united  by  a  membrane. — web'bing,  n. 
1.  A  woven  strip  of  strong  fiber,  as  for  girths,  seat-bottoms, 
etc.  2  Any  woven  texture;  the  structure  of  a  web. — web'  = 
foot",  n.  1.  A  foot  with  webbed  toes.  2.  A  web-footed 
bird.  3.  The  condition  of  being  web-footed. — web=footed,a. 
Having  the  toes  connected  by  a  membrane,  as  many  aquatic 
animals  and  birds. — web=worm,  n.  A  lepidopterous  Insect 
whose  larva,  usually  gregarious  and  foliage-eating,  con- 
structs a  silken  web  or  tent  as  a  shelter. 

We'ber,  1  ve'bar;  2  ve'ber,  Karl  Maria  F.  E.,  Baron  von 
(1786-1826).    A  German  composer;  Der  Freischiitz. 

Web'ster,  1  web'ster;  2  web'ster,  n.  1.  Daniel  (1782-1852), 
an  American  statesman,  orator,  and  jurist.  2.  John  (1580- 
1625),  an  English  tragic  dramatist.  3.  Noah  (1758-1843), 
an  American  philologist  and  lexicographer. 

wed,  1  wed;  2  w8d,  v.  l.t.  [wed'ded  or  wed;  wed'ding.] 
1.  To  take  as  one's  husband  or  one's  wife;  marry.  2.  To 
join  in  wedlock.  3.  To  attach  (oneself)  permanently  to 
a  thing:  usually  with  to.  II.  i.  To  contract  wedlock; 
become  firmly  united.  [  <  AS.  weddia?i,  engage,  <  wed, 
pledge.] — wed'ding,  re.  1.  A  marriage  ceremony;  origi- 
nally, a  betrothal.  2.  The  anniversary  or  celebration  of  a 
marriage;  as,  a  silver  wedding.  Syn.:  see  marriage. — wed'- 
lock,  n.    Matrimony.     Syn.:  see  marriage. 

wedet,  n.    Clothing;  apparel. 

wedea-way',  1  wid;  2  wed.  [Scot.]  Laid  waste;  weeded  away. 

wedge,  1  wej;  2  wedg.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [wedged;  wedg'ing] 
1.  To  operate  upon  by  driving  in  a  wedge;  split;  form  or 
fasten  with  wedges:  used  also  figuratively.  2.  To  make 
into  the  shape  of  a  wedge.  II.  re.  1.  One  of  the  mechan- 
ical powers,  practically  a  double  inclined  plane;  a  V- 
shaped  piece,  as  for  splitting.  2.  Something  in  the  form 
of  a  wedge.  3.  Geom.  A  right  triangular  prism,  having 
one  very  acute  angle.     [  <  AS.  wecg,  wedge.] 

Wedg'wood,  lwej'wud;  2  wedg'wdbd,  Josiah  (1730-1795). 
An  English  potter;  inventor  of  the  ware  bearing  his  name. 

Wednes'day,  1  wenz'di;  2  wen§'dy,  n.  The  fourth  day 
of  the  week.    [  <  AS.  Wodnes  dzeg,  day  of  the  god  Woden.] 

wee,  1  wl;  2  we,  a.  [Scot.  &  Colloq.]  Very  small;  tiny.  [< 
Dan.  vei,  way,  the  meaning  arising  from  the  association  of 
wee,  way,  with  little.] 

weed1,  1  wid;  2  wed.  I.  vt.  1.  To  pull  up  and  remove  the 
weeds  from.  2.  To  pull  up  or  root  out,  as  weeds  or  any 
noxious  thing:  often  with  out.  II.  n.  1.  Any  unsightly 
or  troublesome  useless  plant;  also,  any  plant  out  of 
place.  2.  That  which  grows  in  excessive,  injurious,  or 
useless  abundance.  3.  [Colloq.]  Tobacco;  sometimes, 
a  cigar.  [  <  AS.  weod,  weed.] — weed'y1,  a.  1.  Having 
or  containing  weeds.  2.  Resembling  a  weed.  3.  [Colloq.] 
Having  no  more  value  than  a  weed. — weed'1-ness,  re. 

weed2,  n.  1.  A  token  of  mourning  worn  as  part  of  the 
dress;  in  the  plural,  a  widow's  mourning-garb.  2t.  Any 
article  of  clothing.     [  <  AS.  wxde,  garment.] 

weed'y2§,  a.    Clothed  in  mourning. 

week,  1  wik;  2  wek,  n.  A  period  of  seven  successive  days; 
especially,  such  a  period  beginning  with  Sunday;  also, 
the  six  week-days  or  working  days  collectively.  [<  AS. 
wice,  week.]  —  too  late  a  wcekt,  too  late  In  the  week;  much 
too  late. — week'=day",  re.  Any  day  of  the  week  except 
Sunday. — w.send,  re.  The  end  of  the  week;  specif  .  the 
period  from  midday  on  Saturday  to  the  following  Monday 
morning. — wcck'ly.  I.  a.  1.  Reckoned  by  the  week.  2. 
Pertaining  to  week»days.  3.  Occurring  once  a  week.  II. 
n.     [week'liesz,  pi.]     A  publication  issued  once  a  week. 

III.  adv.  Once  a  week;  especially,  at  regular  weekly  Inter- 
vals. 

weel,  1  wll;  2  wcl.  a.  &  adv.  [Scot.]  Well.— weel"»faur'd',  a. 
Good-looking;  well-favored. 

ween,  1  win;  2  wen,  vt.  [weened  or  went||.]  To  entertain  a 
notion;  fancy.    [<  AS.  wlnan,<  win,  hope,  <  V  of  win,  v.] 

WeeD)  1  wip;  2  wep,  vt.  &  vi.  (wept;  weep'ing.]  1.  To  lei 
fall,  as  tears;  shed  tears;  also,  to  excrete  in  drops,  as  a 
vegetable  exudation.  2.  To  shed  tears  for;  lament;  be- 
wail; grieve.  3.  To  he  pendulous  and  drooping,  ascer- 
tain I  rees.  [  <  AS.  wepan,  weep.] — weep'cr,  n.  1.  One 
who  weeps,  as  ii  hired  mourner.  '£.  A  sign  of  mourning  cus- 
tomarily worn  on  the  person.  3.  A  pendant  of  moss,  as  from 
a  branch.    4.  A  hole  through  which  water  may  drip. 

weet II,  v.    Same  as  wit,  «. 


M  llr.ll 


■ 


I  i  ..       ot.flr;   full,  role;  1ml.  t<Orn; 

iv         .  ,       ,  iii  i  ft,  not,  ftr,  wta,        si;i; 


»   n  i 

■oil    . 

i-  -     '  .1 

! 


.  lit,  . 


«. -Ik  n  i   l-l  > 

1 


tin-  worth  or  i 1 1 ■ } >•  >r- 

ftcn  with 

i-  :m  an- 
II  1.  ight.     'I. 

I. 
I 
\ 

welgh'er,  n. 
■ 

I  1 .  i. Ul  weight  t..;  put  a 

merchan- 

•  - 

in  ight  le»»,  »■  lull'  ) .  ii  i  l-l  ii. 

I  .  ponderous     2.  I  la\ 

Importance.    4. 

Ml;  IMPORTANT. 
wetgtll    i-.i.  M, 

rith   which 
'.'.    \  definite 

•  metal,  used  in  wi 

mnd,  ounce,  -t. 

•   lative  quan- 
i.  .  counterpoise 

gra\  ity.    5.  A  grad  . 

6.  relative  tendency 

■  ri'ir  force.      7 . 

•  prepondcran 
S. 

mess,  import,  load, 
pressure.    See 

\p,ithi  r.irl.  |«    Weight 
fused  In  compounding  medicines). 
20grainsf.gr.)    =   1  scruple  O). 
-  ,ples         =    1  drain 
=    I 
■es  =    1  pound  (lb). 

:e. — The  pound,  ounce,   and  grain  have  the  same 
weigh-. 

\\ulrdlipuK    Weight 

(used  In  weighing  all  articles  except  drugs,  gold,  silver,  and 

ilna  =  1  dram    •; 

=  1  i 

16  ounces  =  1  pound  Ob.). 

=  l  quarter  (qr.). 

=  1  hundredweight 

i    'ailed 
In  com- 

htof  ii.'  lbs 

'i/i.  are 

•-  ir.-  .•  ■ .    ■  -  ;•■  i  ual  and  Iron,  and  ..-••  In  general  u-<-  In  I  Jreal 

.Kit. 

Tro)  Weight 
(used  In  weighing  gold,  silver,  and  precious  si 

24  grains    irr  =    1  I*  DWt.). 

;  -  nnywelghts 

=    1  pound 

Ing  diamonds, 
.  Ided  Into  quarters, 
\kaT  In  vocabulary, 
rlc  system,  see  ICETBIC  si 

Ifrl'taafwel',  hal'we':  2  wetiTwe/.  n.    A  British  naval 

base  jq.m.;  pop.  147.200:  leased 

-  at  Britain  July  1.  1898. 


W.  i   iii.ir.  1   v. ii  in. i-  »  "  .  •  lip 

weir,  i  i  i  i'ii  pari  ol 

■ i  ii  tisli 

"earl. 

n ,    i  i .  i  ■.  nod  with  ill'-  mi: 

Iln-  W  rlnl 

HUtcm,  weird  i* .           weird '» 
w.-ir, I.  i                Hotted  fortune;  rate     I.  v  predic- 
tion i 

\  ward  ;  » lard :• 

Hi-i-e.  ]  i  I.  To  turn  bj  Influence;  direct. 

I,  i ..  t  urn  about  well*  . 

w,  i~  m. inn.  ]  !  vta'm&n.  August  (1834    1814).    A 

\\l  I  — lll.lll  'ill-. III. 

„,   i,  i.  iii  ol  New  Zealand; 

Dow  Dearly  extinct    [Mauri  |  wood'hen";. 

wel'come,  1  wel'kem;  2  wel'eom      I.    I     l--.ii 

«n  e  a  welcom     >  bospi 

tabh     II.       I.  Admitted  gladly;  received  cordially     i. 
Producing  |  8,  Made  free  to  use  or 

enjoy,  II.  n,  1.  A  hearty  greeting  given  8.  The  cor- 
dial reception  or  entertainment  accorded;  hospitality, 
:i.  The  privilege  to  use  or  enjoy.  [<  \s  wilcuma,  wel- 
come guest,-  willa,  will,  +  euma,  comer.]  Syn  neeAORKD- 
i.Mh.iiii.i      wel'come-ness,        wel'com-er,  n. 

weld,  1  weld;  2  w61d,  ■/.  &  i  i.  1.  To  unite,  a*  heated  metal, 
in  one  piece  or  mass  under  the  hammer  "i  b\  pn 
-.'.  i  ■•  naake  into  one  strong  homogeneous  w  hole.     [( 'orr. 
ol  n  i  i.l,  v.] 

wold1,  n.  The  consolidation  of  pieces  "f  metal  by  welding; 
also,  the  closed  joint  bo  formed. 

weld  .  "  An  erect  Old  World  annual,  formerl)  cultivated 
(or  dyers'  use.  [Perhaps  ■  well,  «  .  becau  e  II  Is  boiled 
f..r  dyeing  ;    woad  ;  woald  j  wol  I 

wel  Tare".  1  wi  I'f&r;  :.'  wi  I  I  ir*,  n.  The  state  »r  condi- 
tion uf  faring  well;  prosperity;  also, condition  in  general. 

Wei  'Ulnt,  (j.     Skylilin-. 

welkin,  1  wel'kin;  2  weTkin,  r».  [Poet.]  The  vault  of  the 

sky;  the  heavens.    [  <  AS.  wolcnu,  pi  cloud  ] 

wolf,  1  wel;  2  w61,  if.  &  ri.    To  pour  forth  or  flow  up,  as 

water  in  a  spring.    [  <  AS.  wellan,  <  wealla 
well,  a.     [b  i  •  as  a  fact; 

rightly  done  or  arranged;  gratifying;   fortunat 
Suitable  or  gratifying  to  the  sense  of  propriety,  fitness, 
or  right.     3.   Having  physical  health.     4.  Free  from 
trouble.    5  .  Held  in  favor;  on  good  terms, 

Syn.:  advantageous,  beneficial,  convenient,  desirable,  ex- 
cellent, expedient,  favorable,  fortunate,  good,  happy,  lucky, 
prosperous.    Bee  healthy. — Ant  msforBAn. 

well,  n.  1.  A  hole  or  shaft  sunk  into  the  earth  in  order  to 
obtain  a  fluid,  aa  water,  oil,  or  nattlral  gas.    ''-■  \ 

■  water.    3.  A  source  of  continued  supply,  or  that 
which  issues  forth  continuously,    4.  A  depression,  cav- 
ity, or  cup  resembling  a  well;  as,  an  inktcett.    5.  A  dan- 
gerous eddy  or  whirlpool  in  the  sea.     [<  AS.  well,  < 
in,  well"  up. 1  —  well'scurb",  n.    The  frame  or  stone  ring 

il  a  well      w.'bead,  n     \  natural 
Ing  water  to  a  spring  or  well,     well  'spring",  n.   An 
Inexhaustible  fountain      w.«sweep,   n.     a   tapering  pole 

■  on  B  plVOt  and  having  the  well-bucket  suspended  to 

mailer  end,  for  use  in  drawing  water. 
well,  "'      [bet/tbh:  best.]    1.  In  a  good  or  praiseworthy 

to  1  be  nature 
-f.        eeably to  one'    ft  ishe      4.  Inn 
ful  mannei  ■"•■  great  extent  or  de- 

gree; very.     {■'.  AS.  wel,  well,  <  V  of  will1,  v.]  —  well'» 
hal'aiM  i-il.  n.      Kvenly  balanced;  adjusted  with  reference 
to  welfare.  — w. <belng,  n.     A  condition  of  happiness  or 
lerlty;  welfare.— w.«bern,  a.    <>r  good  lineage.— w.« 
bred,  o.    l.  of  good  ancestry;  of  good  or  pure  stock,    'i. 
Well   brought    up;    polite,      w. •disposed,  n.     Favorably 
Inclined      w. "favored,  a.    Of  attractive  appearance;  come- 
w.  found,  '     1.  Found  to  meet  expectations.    S.Weil 
equipped, — w.ilklngt. a.    in  good  condition. — w. •mean- 
ing* a.  Having  good  Intentions.     w.«meant,  a.     w.>nlgb, 
adv.    Very  nearly;  almost.— w.«spoken,  a.     inly  or  hap- 
pily said.—  w.stosdo,  n.     in  prosperous  circumstances. — 
w. •wisher,  n.    One  who  wishes  well,  as  to  another. 
Mcir.i-day,  1  wel's-de;  8  wei'a-dft,  Infer/.  Wo  Ls  me!  alasl 

/.  wo.  +  la,  lo,  +  (to  well'a-wayt. 

Welle-,  i  webs;  2  wels,  Gideon  (1802  isTs      An  American 

man;  Secretary  of  the  N'avy  from  ism  to  l sf  10. 
\\    lb  -'ley,   1   wclz'b;  2  wffl  I.    Mar<|ills  of  (1760- 

aicbard  Weiiesiey,  a  British  statesman;  Governor" 

\  uf  [ndla.    '4.  a  town  in  E.  Massachusetts;  pup. 

5,400;  seat  ofWdleslej  College  for  women,  founded  1875. 

Wel'llng-ion,  l  wel'iD-tan;  2  w81'lng-ton,  n.     I.  Duke  of 

(1769-1852),  Arthur  Wellesley,  a  isritlsh  general  of  Irish 

birth;    defeated    Xapoleon    at    Waterloo;    British    prluio 


1:3=  final;    1  =  hablt^    aisle;    ail  =  out:     ei!;     Ill  =  feud;    diin;    go;    rj  =  sirc<7;    fhin,    this. 
867         2:wQlf,  dft;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    thus. 


weevil 
wheat 


minister.  2.  A  seaport  city,  capital  of  New  Zealand;  pop. 
74.000. — Wellington  boot,  a  high  boot  covering  the  leg  in 
front  to  the  knee  but  cut  away  behind. 

Welsh,  1  welsh;  2  welsh.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to  Wales,  its 
people,  or  their  language.  II.  n.  1.  The  natives  of 
Wales;  especially,  the  Celtic  race  peculiar  to  the  coun- 
try. 2.  The  language  of  Wales.  Cyin'rieJ.  [  <  AS. 
welisc,  foreign.]    Welch*. — WelsU'man,  re. 

welt,  1  welt;  2  welt.  Id.  vt.  1.  To  sew  a  welt  on  or  in; 
decorate  with  a  welt.  2.  To  flog  severely,  so  as  to  raise 
welts.  II.  re.  1.  A  strip  of  material,  covered  cord,  etc., 
applied  to  a  seam  to  cover  or  strengthen  it.  (1)  In 
shoemaking.  a  strip  of  leather  set  into  the  seam  between  the 
edges  of  the  upper  and  the  outer  sole.  (2)  In  carpentry,  etc., 
a  batten  or  strip  made  fast  over  a  flush  seam  or  butt-joint. 

2.  A  wale.  3.  The  act  of  flogging.  1  <  W.  gwald.  hem.] 
wel'ter,  1  wel'tar;  2  wel'ter.  I.  vi.  1.  To  lie  in  or  in  con- 
tact with  a  welling  or  turbid  fluid.  2.  To  roll  or  tumble 
about  in  or  as  in  a  fluid;  wallow.  3.  To  move  with 
swelling  rolls,  as  the  sea.  II.  n.  1.  A  rolling  movement, 
as  of  waves;  hence,  commotion.  2.  That  in  which  wel- 
tering is  done;  a  wallow.     [  <  AS.  wealtan,  roll.] 

wen,  1  wen;  2  wen,  n.  1.  An  encysted  tumor  containing  a 
suet=like  substance.  2.  Any  protuberance.   [<AS.wen.] 

wench,  1  wench;  2  wench.  I',  vi.  To  keep  company 
with  lewd  women.  II.  n.  1.  A  young  woman  of  lowly 
condition;  female  servant  ;serving=maid.  2||.  Any  female 
child;  girl;  young  woman.  3.  [Colloq.,  U.  S.]  A  ne- 
gress.    4t«  A  prostitute.     [  <  AS.  wencel,  orphan.] 

wendd,  1  wend;  2  wend,  vt.  &  vi.  To  direct  one's  course; 
go.    [  <  AS.  wendan,  <  windan,  turn.] 

Wend,  n.  One  of  a  branch  of  the  Slavic  race  dwelling  in  Sax- 
ony and  Prussia.— Wend 'lc,  a.  Wend'lshJ.— Wend'ish, 
».    The  language  of  the  Wends,     [used  as  imperfect  of  GO,  v. 

went,  1  went;  2  went,  vi.    An  obsolete  imperfect  of  wend,  now 

wen'tle=trap",  1  wen'tl=trap";  2  wen'tl=trap*,  re.  A  mollusk 
having  a  turreted  many»whorled  shell.  [  <  G.  wendeltreppe, 
<  wendel,  a  turning,  +  treppe,  step.]  winding sstair  shell]:. 

wept,  1  wept;  2  wept,  imp.  &  pp.  of  weep,  v. 

wer(ep,  1  wur;  2  wer.  Indicative  plural  and  subjunctive 
singular  and  plural  of  was,  imperfect  of  be,  v.  [  <  AS. 
u'ibTon,  pi.  pret.  ind.  wsere,  subj.  pret.  <  wesan,  be.] 

we're.     Contraction  of  we  are. 

were'na,  1  wur'na;  2  wer'na,  vi.  [Scot.]  Were  not.    war'nat. 

wer'gild",  1  wfjr'[or  wer'Jgild";  2  wer'[w  wer']gild",  n.  Anglo* 
Saxon  &  Tent.  Law.  A  fine  or  pecuniary  compensation  for 
crime  against  the  person,  especially  for  homicide,  paid  by 
the  kindred  of  the  slayer  to  those  of  the  slain.  [  <  AS.  wer, 
man,  +  gild,  payment.]     were'glld"t;  wer'gelf't. 

werret,  n.    War. 

wersef,  a.  &  adv.     Worse.  [weary.] 

wersh,  1  wersli;  2  wersh,  a.  [Scot.]  Tasteless;  insipid.     [< 

wert,  2d  per.  sing.  ind.  &  sub},  of  was,  v. 

wer 'wolf",  1  wer'wulf";  2  wer'wolf",  n.  Folk-lore.  A  per- 
son who,  according  to  medieval  superstition,  was 
changed  into  a  wolf  or  was  able  to  assume  the  form  of  a 
wolf  at  will,  and  in  that  form  practised  cannibalism. 
[<  AS.  werwulf,  <  wer,  man,  +  wulf,  wolf.]  wehr'wolF't; 
were'wolf't.  [280  m.  to  the  North  Sea. 

We'ser,  1  ve'zar;  2  ve'ser.  n.    A  river  in  N.  W.  Oermany; 

Wcs'ley,  1  wes'li;  2  wes'ly,  n.  1.  Charles  (1707-1788),  an 
English  clergyman  and  hymn=writer;  brother  of  John.  3. 
John  (1703-1791),  an  English  clergyman;  founder  of  Meth- 
odism.— Wes'ley-an,  a.  &  n. — Wes'lcy-an-ism,  n. 

Wcs'sex,  1  wes'eks;  2  wes'eks,  n.  The  ancient  kingdom  of  the 
West  Saxons;  including  a  great  part  of  S.  England. 

west,  1  4mB\  2  «■».  I.  a.  1.  Located  at  the  west;  facing 
the  \Mt>  2.  Coming  from  the  west.  II.  n.  1.  That 
point  of  the  compass  or  quarter  of  the  heavens  where 
the  sun  sets  at  the  equinoxes:  in  common  parlance  in- 
cluding the  part  of  the  horizon  near  that  point.  2.  Any 
western  region,  especially  the  western  hemisphere.  III. 
adv.  In  a  westerly  direction.  [<  AS.  west,  west,  <  V 
was,  dwell.]  — to  go  west,  to  die:  British  soldiers'  eu- 
phemism.— west'er||,  vi.  To  turn,  trend,  or  shift  to  the 
west:  now  chiefly  In  present  part  Iclple,  westering,  west  'ret. 
. — west'er-ly.  I.  n.  Lying  In,  directed  toward,  or  corning 
from   the  west;   approximately   western.      II.   ndr.      West,- 

wardly.— west'ern,  </.    1.  Being  in  the  west;  pertaining  to 

the  west.     2.  Proceeding  from  or  Characteristic  of  the  west. 

3.  Sinking,  as  the  sun  about  to  set;  waning.  Western 
Church,  the  medieval  Church  of  the  Western  Roman  Em- 
pire, now  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  west 'ern-er,  n. 
One  who  dwells  In  a  western  region,  especially  in  the  we  item 
United  States. — west'wanl,  o.  Tending  or  lying  toward  the 
west,,  -west  'ward,  west/wards,  ndr.  Toward  the  west.  - 
west'ward-ly,  adv.    fn  a  westerly  direct  Ion 

West,  i  west; 2  west,  Benjamin  (1738  1820).  An  American 
painter  in  London;  second  president  ol  tbe  Royal  Academy. 

West'ern  Australia.  A  Hrltlsli  colony  and  state  of  i  he  I  lorn 
monwealth  of  Australia;  975,920  ho.  iu.;  pop.  309, 188, 


West  In 'dies,  1  in'diz;  2  ln'dig.  An  island  group  east  of  North 
and  South  America.  See  Antilles.  —  West"=In'dl-an,a.&n. 
West'min-ster,  1  west'min-stsr;  2  west'min-ster,  n.    A  city  in 
the  county  of  London.  England;  pop.  160,277. — Westmin- 
ster Abbey,  a  collegiate  church  in  Westminster;  burial-place 
of  English  kings  and  notables. 
West-pha'li-a,  1  west-fe'h-a;  2  west-fa'li-a,  n.     An  ancient 
political  district  of  Germany,  of  varying  extent  and  impor- 
tance. —  Peace  or  Treaty  of  Westphalia,  that  made  in 
1648.  between  France,  Germany,  and  Sweden. 
West  Point.    A  village  in  Orange  county.  New  York;  seat  of 
the  United  States  Military  Academy,  founded  in  1802. 

West  Vir-gin'l-a,  1  var-jin'i-a;  2  vir-gin'i-a.  A  State  of  the 
E.  central  United  States;  24,780  sq.  m.;  pop.  1,399,320;  cap- 
ital, Charleston. 

wet,  1  wet;  2  wet.  I.  vt.  [wet'ted1*  or  wet;  wet'ting.] 
1.  To  moisten  or  saturate  with  liquid;  sprinkle  or  pour 
water  upon.  2.  [Slang.]  To  moisten  with  drink.  II.  a. 
1.  Moistened  or  saturated  with  water  or  other  liquid.  2. 
Marked  by  showers  or  by  heavy  rainfall.  3.  Containing 
or  like  water;  watery.  4.  [Slang,  U.  S.]  Favoring  the 
manufacture  and  sale  of  alcoholic  beverages.  III.  n.  A 
considerable  degree  of  moisture;  rain.  [<  AS.  wset,  wet; 
akin  to  water.] — wet'ness,  n. — wet'=nurse",  n.  A  woman 
who  is  hired  to  suckle  the  babe  of  another  woman. 

wetef,  v.    Same  as  wit,  v.  [wither,  wether.] 

weth'er,  1  weth'ar;  2  weth'er,  n.     A  castrated  ram.   [AS. 

w.  f.,  wf.,  abbr.  Wrong  font. — W.  G.,  abbr.  Worthy  Grand. 
— W.  G.  M.,  abbr.    Worthy  Grand  Master. 

wha,  1  hwa;  2  hwa,  pron.  [Scot.]  Who. 

whack',  1  hwak;  2  hwak.  [Colloq]  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  strike 
sharply;  beat.  2.  [Slang.]  To  share.  II.  re.  1.  A  sharp  and 
resounding  stroke  or  blow.  2.  A  share;  portion.  3.  [Slang.] 
A  turn  or  spell.  4.  [Slang]  A  hit  or  stroke  of  fortune. — 
whaek'er,  re.  [Slang.]  A  whopper.— whack'lng,  a.  [Col- 
loq.] Strikingly  large;  whopping.    [<  AS.  thaccian,  beat.] 

whale,  1  hwel;  2  hwal,  vt.  [Colloq.]  To  strike  as  if  to  produce 
wales  or  stripes;  flog;  wale.    [For  wale1,  v.] 

whale,  re.  A  marine  mammal  of  fish=like  form,  especially 
one  of  the  larger  pelagic  species.  [  <  AS.  hwsel,  whale.] 
— whale'back", 
re.  A  steamship 
having  a  convex 
main  deck,  used, 
as  on  the  Great 

t  Lakes  in  passen- 
ger and  freight 
traffic.—  whale's 
boat",     re.        A  Arctic  Right  Whale, 

long    narrow 

boat,  sharp  at  both  ends:  first  used  in  whale=nshing. — 
whale'bone",  re.  1.  The  horny  substance  developed  in 
plates  from  the  palate  of  the  whalebone»whales.  2.  A  strip 
of  whalebone,  used  in  stiffening  dress=bodies,  corsets,  etc. 
— whale'man,  n.  One  who  captures  whales;  a  whaler. — 
whal  'er,  re.  A  person  or  a  vessel  engaged  in  whaling. — 
whal'lng,  re.    The  industry  of  capturing  whales. 

whang,  1  hwag ;  2  hwang.  [Colloq.]  I.vt.&  vi.  To  boat,  bang, 
or  whack;  also,  to  slice.    II.  n.    A  beating.    [For  whack.] 

wharf,  1  hwerf;  2  hwarf,  re.  [wharfs  or  wharves,  pi.] 
A  landing-place,  as  of  timber  or  masonry  for  vessels  anil 
their  cargoes:  when  projecting  called  a  pier;  when 
parallel  with  the  shore,  a  quay.  [  <  AS.  hwerf,  dam, 
turning.]— wharfage,  re.  Com.  1.  Charge  for  the  use  of  a 
wharf.  2.  Wharf  accommodations  for  shipping. —wharfin- 
ger, re.    One  who  keeps  a  wharf  for  landing  goods. 

what,  1  hwet;  2  hwat.  I.  a.  1.  In  interrogative  con- 
struction, asking  for  information  that  will  specify  the 
person  or  thing  qualified  by  it;  as,  of  what  person  do  you 
speak?  2.  How  surprizing,  ridiculous,  great,  or  tie  like; 
as,  what  genius!  3.  How  much:  an  ambiguous  use;  as, 
what  money  have  you?  II.  interrog.  pron.  Which  cir- 
cumstance, event,  relation,  or  the  like  III.  nl.  pron. 
That  which:  a  double  relative.  IV.  adv.  1.  In  what  re- 
spect; to  what  extent.  2.  In  some  measure ;  partly .  V. 
conj.    1.  So  far  as;  as  well  as.    2.  That:  especially  in  the 

phrase  but  What  (incorrectly  used  lor  but  that).  I  <  AS. 
hwset,  what.  neut.  of  hwa,  wno.|  —  what-ev'cr,  prim.  The 
whole  that;  all  that;  anything  that,  wliut-e'er't.  what' • 
not",  n.  I.  An  ornamental  set  of  shelves  for  holding  hrlc 
a»brac,  etc.  'I.  Anything  you  please;  something  or  other. — 
whaf'so-ev'er.  n  A  pron  Whatever:  slightly  more  for- 
mal, what 'sot  [Archaic];  what"sn-cVr't.  [wliaapt- 
whaup1,  1  hwop;  2  bwap,  «  let  Brit.]  A  curlew,  limit. | 
whaupi,  n.  [Scot.]  A  whistle  or  cry.    |  -  whoop.] 

Wheal,  1  Invil;  2  hwel,  n.      A  discolored  ridge  on  the  skin, 

as  from  hives  or  t  he  stroke  of  a  whip, etc.    |  <   AS.  hwile.] 

Wheat,  1  hwlt;  2  hwet,  /;.      I.  A  grain,  I  he  edible  product 

of  a  cereal  grass:  the  most  important  "i  the  cereals.    2. 

The  plant  producing  this  grain,  a  fall  slender  annual  or 
biennial,   bearing  at  its  .summit  a,  Spike   ol    usually   4* 


■r  i       I  i  ll,  police:  o  I       ii       n       but,  bOrn; 

\\  lilrl  .  i      i  .  (I  iii  I  ......        ,,         S(^ 


.1       |-       tS 


■ 


I. 

■ 

: 

l  itiwitll 

I  ■ 

ovc  in  a  circuitous 
3.  :  *  direction;  turn     4. 

roll  onward  or  lorn ard 

•  ■  .1  by  spokes 
■■    OD  :il l 

tioo   :mil   facilitate 

■    In   prr- 


- 
bung  a  wh< 


1 


Straoture  ol  wheels. 

1.  Cr»Wrt«tloDofiI«Ul  r.  I  wiimliwl. 


limbs    i 


v 

B    -  DC 

»!,..  I    l...r 
wheel  a. 

• 
aktei  '■■ 


< 

r..u 


m;  e,  fpokea; 
*•     1  DO  ,1,  but..  ,.  ule-nuL 

turning.  * 

■    .ii  nr 

6+.  A  refrain  in 

■  •/,  wheel.]  — 

n.    a  box-like  vehicle  with  ordinarily  one 

m  ,i.-i  'er,        l.  '  me  who  wheels 

•  r  draft-animal  working  next    the 

.  with  a  wheel  or  whi 

v»  t  j  •  -•  I     borse",   n.       A   horse   harne^--.!    to 


the  i-  Ii  r  or  leaders  in  front ; 

hence,  one  «  heaviest  work. — w. 'house,  n.     1. 

A  small  bouse  on  the  deck  of  a  vessel  In  which  the  steering* 
wheel  is  located.    2.  A  paddle-box.— wheel  'hiic.         I. 
art  of  one  who  wheels.  es;-  I      I  riding  a  bleyi 

The  condition  of  the  roads,  as  regards  traveling  on  wheels. 
3.    A    rota'  a    turning .  —  wheel 'man,    n. 

l-wr.--  l  Basel.    S.  A  bicyclist. 

»  heel 'wrlghf.  '.      A  n.:i;i  whose  business  Is  to  make  or 
repair  wheels  and  wheeled  retail 

■fatesJ'er,  1  trwD/en  2  bwB'er,  n     I.  Joseph  '  1836-1906),  a 

ll      '.'.  Wil- 
liam    Union      .M9-1887n   an    American    vice* president. 

[k'lnla;  pop.  41.600. 

Rltd  lac  :   hwtl'irj:  2  hwel'lng.  n.    A  city  In  X.  V\  ■ 

■  to  ••!!.  I  l  few;  also  an  Indefinite 
qua;.'  Stoat.] 

■  In  •  /  e',  1  hwts;  2  bwes,  n*.    [»  iiki.z  i.  >i>";  whkki 

.  and  with  n  husky,  whistling  sound. 
wheeze,    n.     A 

'*r."-!:W     -o'il.'l.  WllCC/').     ■■  -i|i.;.      I      lo 

m In  Ik  .  51k, n      1.  A  marine 

II,  that   bur- 

.'. 
of  several  similar  rnoli  . 
triloc.    <   v-  ■rhetk']  .  I. 

! 

w  In  Ik  . 

welk:.      whclkV,   a.    Marked 

whelm.    .  .     '       1.    I 

with   -.  '.'. 

■  'fan,  in 
elm  ] 
win-In.  :  I  .  To  give  birth  to  (a 

-.X  wbj  IpS.      II.  I  ing  ol   ih<;  dot, 


iinon 
Whelk.     '/> 


lion  :  ,•  ..i  any  age     ?.  \  oub; 

pupp)  .  woi  ft  lion  .  iii  oonten  | 

ii  .i  w  m. ii ,  m.    4.  I  Ino  ol 

ockt  t-wheel      |  ■      \s    hwttp,  whelp  | 

hIh-ii,  1  Iih.ii.2  hweh,  it.i:      I.  it  what  or  which  time  a 

I,      I  11     j.llli   I     . 

idvn  •  being  n  taint  d),  to  Inl  ro- 

i  dependent  clause  or  sentence:  (1)    \t  the  time 
that:  while     (2)  Altho:  at  the  very  time  thai  H 

which  or  what  time    (4)  After  that;  as  i nai    |      \ 

\>  n.n-.i-.  .  i.   [Ran  i 

whereas;  while  '.it.  When  when  that:,  irhen-ev'er, 
«ir.  ,i  .  •.  \<  whatever  time  when<-e'er't<  when*- 
vi-ii  .  r.  \r  what  time  soever:  whenever 

whence.  )  l  hwons;  2  hwinn,  ads.    I.  From  what  place 
whense,  J  or  source;  of  what  origin:  an  interrogate 
■.'.  I  pom  what  ..r  which  place,  lourt  i  con- 

junctive   use.     •'!.    For    which    reason;    wherel 

H  liinrr'si.-n  'it, 

where,  l  bw  ir ; 2 hw&r, od*.  I.  [nterrogatively:  u>  At  or 
in  wnal  place,  relation,  ..r  situation  (2)  To  « bat  place 
or  end;  whither.  (8)  From  what  place;  whence  2.  Con- 
junctively: I  \i  oi  in  which  or  whal  place:  :ii  the 
place  in  which,  (2)  To  a  place  or  situation  in  or  to 
which;    whither.     [<     i£  where.]     where 'a- 

ImhiIs".   I.  n    The  place  In  <>r  near  which  ■  person  or  thing 
HiiiTc'a-hoiii": .     II.  odt      Near  or  al  what   place; 
about  where:  Interrogatively  and  conjunctival]      where- 

as',  conj.      1.  Sliirc  tin-  farts  are  such  OS  they  lire;  seeing 

that  I.  The  Bast  of  the  matter  being  that,  where-at', 
adr.  l.  At  what:  interrogatively.  S.At  whloh:  as  a  relative 
conjunction,  niierc-ii) ',  miv.  1.  Interrogatively,  by 
what;  how.    ~i.  Conjunctively,  by,  near,  or  through  which. 

wherefore,     l.  n      [OoUoq.]     The  cause  or  rt 
ii.  ads.     i.  Interrogatively,  for  what  reason;  wnal  for; 

why.    'i.  (  onjunctlvcly,  for  which  reason.     Syn.:  see  tiikuk- 

roaa,  where-ln'f  adv.  l.  Interrogatively,  In  what;  in 
what  particular  or  regard,  'i.  Conjunctively:  <ii  in  which 
thing, place, circumstance, etc.  (2)  in  whatever,  where"- 
iii-to'.  l.  [nterrogatively,  Into  what     ~i.  ConJuno- 

tlvely.  Into  which;  as,  the  i;ulf  uiu  r<  inln  he  sailed.  «  lien- 
or, i.  [nterrogatively,  <>f  or  from  what.  'I-  Con- 
junctively, of  which  or  whom,  wherc-on',  ait  I.  in- 
terrogatively, on  what   or  whom.     ~i.  Conjunctively,  on 

which—  wllt're"so-e\  'er,    <;..'.■.      I.    In   what    place   Soever; 

wherever,    'i-  Wnltnenoever.    where"so-e,er't.    where- 

to',  nttr.  1.  [nterrogatively,  to  what  place  or  end.  '>.  i  !on- 
Junctlvely,  to  which  or  to  whom;  also,  whither.      H  liere"- 

un'to;  [Archaic]  wliere"up-on\  adv.  1.  [nterrogative- 
ly, upon  what;  when-. m.  "i.  Conjunctively,  upon  which  or 
whom;  In  consequence  ot  which;  after  which,  uher- 
c* 'er,  ads,  .v  cutij.  in  or  at  whatever  place;  wheresoever. 
where- with'.    [.  n.   [Colloq.]   Bame  as  whsbbwitbal. 

II.  adv.     1.  Interrogatively,  with  what.     'i.  t  onjunct  ively, 
with    which      nhcre"wltli-ar.      I.    n.      The    necessary 
means  or  resources.    II [|.  ado.    Wherewith. 
whcr'ry,  1  hwer'i:  2  hweVy,  n.     [wukk'hiks7',  pi  j     A 

liuht,  sharp  rowhoat  used  on  inland  waters;  also,  a 
decked  iishitiK-vessel  with  two  sails.  [<  Ice.  hverfr, 
shifty.  <  hnr/a,  turn] 
vUirl.  1  hwet;  2  hwftt.  I.  rf.  Iwiikt'tkiv1;  \vhkt'tim;.| 
l.  To  sharpen,  as  an  edged  tool,  by  friction,  "i.  Figur- 
atively, to  make  more  keen  or  eager;  excite,  as  the  .-i|>- 
|..  tite.    II.  n,    1.  The  act  of  whetting;  also,  something 

that  whets;  specif .,  a  dram.  '£.  The  direction  of  sharp- 
ening:, a-  of  a  tool.    [<  AS.  hwettan,  <  hwset,  I  sen  I 

«  hit  '•slate"',  ;/  A  hard  llne.trralned  siliceous  rock  used 
for  whetstones       whet 'sloiie:s|ate":.        H  lie! 'stone",    ;, 

A  liiie-irralned  stone  for  w  hctthur  edKOtOOls. 

whclh'cr,  1  hweth'er; 2 hwCth'er.  \\\.a.  &prim.  Which: 

[.r.perlv  of  two,  less  exactly  of  more  than  two      wllt'd'- 

ert.    II-  conj.    In  case;  if:  introducing  an  alternative 

,  followed  by  a  correlative  or,  or  or  whether.     [< 

ilhcr.  <  hird.  who.) 

whew,  l  hwlQ  or  hlQ;  2  hwu  or  h(i,  itUcrj.     An  exclamatory 

sound  nallyof  amazement  orrllsmav.  wheughi. 

When 'ell,  1  hlu'el;  2  l.n'el,   William  (1794-1866).     An  Kn- 

philosopber;  Hiitorp  of  the  Induct: 

nhcy,  1  hwe;  2  bwc,  n.    A  clear  straw-colored  liquid  that 

im  thi    ■  1 1 1. 1  when  milk  is  curdled  by  rennet 

or  acids,  as  in  m airing  cheese.     [<  AS.  Itwxg,  whey.] — 

whey'ey,  a.     Whey'aaee"',  fi.    Formerly,  a  face  or  person 

if  from  fear:  now,  one  of  pale  sallow  complexion. — 

H.=laeei|,  Hhej  'Isll,  a. 

whf.,  sWr.    v.  ■ 

which.  1  hwidh;  2  bwlch,  pron.  I.  interrog.  What  in- 
dividual I"  '-"ii  or  tiling  of  a  certain  number  or  class: 
asking  for  '!  m  or  definite  description  of  sutdi 

person  or  thing.  II.  rd.  1.  What  particular  one  or 
of  a  certain  number  or  class  referred  to.  2.  The  one 
that:  used  substantively  or  adjcctively.    [<  AS.  hwile. 


1:  a -final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    Iu  =  f?ud:    chin;    go;    xt-sing;    Chin,   this. 
869      2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   fyll,   rule,   cure,    but,    burn;   611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;   thin,    this. 


wheatear 
whirl 


which,  -  hica,  who,  +  -lie,  -ly.]— which-ev'er,  pron. 
Whether  one  or  another  (of  two  or  of  several),  whlch"- 
so-ev'erl.  [as  whinny. 

whlck'er,  1  hwik'ar;  2  hwlk'er,  v.  &  re.     [Prov.  Eng.)     Same 

whld'ah=bird",  1  hwld'a«burd*;  2  hwld'a»bird",  n.  An  Afri- 
can weaver-bird  having  the  tail  of  the  male  greatly  length- 
ened in  the  breeding=season.  [  < 
Whidah,  an  African  seaport.]  whid'- 
ah=flnch"l. 

whiff',  1  hwif ;  2  hwlf,  v.  1. t.  1.  To 
carry  or  drive  as  by  a  puff  of  air; 
waft  with  a  slight  blast.  2.  To  send 
forth  in  whiffs,  as  smoke.  3.  To 
smoke,  as  a  pipe,  with  puffs.  II. 
i.    To  throw  out  puffs  or  whiffs. 

whiff,  n.  1.  Any  sudden  or  slight  gust  of  air, 
especially  one  bearing  an  odor.  2.  A  sudden 
expulsion  of  breath  or  smoke  from  the  mouth; 
a  puff.  3.  [Eng.]  A  light  clirjper«built  out- 
rigger boat,  for  one  sculler.   [Imitative.] 

whif'fle,  1  hwif'l;  2  hwif'l,  vt.  &  vi.  [whif'- 
fled;  whif'fling.]  1.  To  shift  from  one 
opinion  to  another;  waver;  sway;  vacillate. 
2.  To  blow  with  puffs  or  whiffs.  3.  To  dis- 
sipate as  with  a  puff.  4.  To  wave  quickly, 
as  a  flag.     [Freq.  of  whiff,  v.] — whif'fler,  re. 

1.  One  who  fluctuates  or  shuffles  in  argu- 
ment. 2.  One  who  whiffs  tobacco.  3||.  A 
piper;  fifer.  4t.  A  herald;  an  usher. — whif'- 
Be-tree",  re.    Same  as  swingletree. 

whig,  1  hwig;  2  hwig,  v.  [Scot.]  1. 1.  To  drive 
onward.  II.  i.  To  move  along  easily;  jog. 
[Akin  to  AS.  wecgan,  move  along.]  Paradise 

Whig.  I.  a.  Consisting  of  or  supported  whidah  =  bird, 
by  Whigs.    II.  n.     1.  A  member  of  the  i/8 

Liberal  party  in  England  in  the  18th 
;\nd  19th  centuries,  as  opposed  to  a  Tory  or  Con- 
servative; also,  in  earlier  usage,  a  Covenanter  or  a 
Roundhead.  2.  An  American  colonist  who  supported 
the  Revolutionary  war;  later,  a  member  of  a  party  op- 
posed to  the  Democratic  and  succeeded  by  the  Repub- 
lican party  in  1856.  [Prob.  abbr.  of  Whiggamore.]  — 
Whig'ger-y,  re.  The  doctrines  of  Whigs.  Whig'gismt. 
— Whig'gish,  a.    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

Whig'ga-more,  1  hwig'9-mor;  2  hwig'a-mor,  re.  1.  Eng.  Hist. 
A  member  of  a  body  of  insurgents  who  in  1648  marched  on 
Edinburgh  and  opposed  the  compromise  with  Charles  I. 

2.  A  Scotch  Presbyterian  opponent  of  the  English  court 
party;  in  the  17th  century,  a  Whig.  [<  whiggam  (word 
used  in  driving),  <  whig,  v.]    Whlg'a-moret. 

while,  1  hwail;  2  hwil.  I.  vt.  [whiled;  whil'ing.]  To 
cause  to  pass  lightly  and  pleasantly;  spend,  as  time: 
generally  with  away.  II.  re.  A  short  time ;  also,  a  period 
of  time,  or  time  in  general.  III.  conj.  1.  During  the 
time  that;  as  long  as.  2.  At  the  same  time  that;  some- 
times; tho.  3.  [Archaic  &  Dial.]  Until;  till.  [<  AS. 
huM,  while] — whll-ere't,  adv.  Some  time  ago;  hitherto; 
erewhile. — whiles||.  1.  adv.  [Scot.]  Sometimes.  II.  conj. 
While.— whilst,  conj.    While:  old  form:  still  widely  used. 

wuilk,  1  hwilk;  2  hwilk,  a.  &  pron.    [Scot,  or  Obs.]    Which. 

wholly  =wha",  1  hwil'i-hwo";  2  hwil'y=hwa".  [Scot.]  I.  it.  & 
vi.  To  wheedle.  II.  a.  Cajoling.  III.  re.  Cajolery.  [Ex- 
tension of  wheedle.]    whll'Iyl;  whil'ly=whaw"t. 

whi'lom||,  1  hwoi'lf»m;2  hwl'lom.  I.  a.  Being  once  upon 
a  time;  former.    II.  adv.    1.  Formerly.    2.  At  times. 

Whim,  1  hwim;  2  hwlm,  n.  1.  A  sudden,  unexpected,  and 
unreasonable  deviation  of  the  mind  from  its  usual  or 
natural  course;  caprice;  freak.  2.  An  old  form  of  mine* 
hoist,  run  by  horsepower.  [  <  Ice.  hvima,  wander  with 
the  eyes.]  Syn.:  caprice,  crotchet,  fancy,  freak,  humor,  kink, 
quirk,  vagary,  whimsy,  wrinkle.    See  fancy. 

whim'brel,  1  hwim'brel;  2  hwim'brel,  re.  A  small  northern 
curlew  of  the  Old  World.     [<  whimmer,  var.  of  whimper.] 

whlm'per,  1  hwim'par;  2  hwlm'per.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To 
whine  brokenly;  utter  in  whining  tones;  complain.  II. 
n.  A  low,  broken,  whining  cry;  whine.  [Perhaps  akin 
to  whine.]     whlm'pcr-er,  ».— whlm'pcr-lng,  n. 

whlin'.sy,  1  hwim'zi;  2  hwlm'gy,  n.  [whim'hiesz,  pi.]  A 
whim,  whlm'seyj.  s.vn.:  sec  whim.— whim 'sl-cal,  « 
I.  Having  eccentric  ideas;  capricious.  2.  Oddly  constituted. 
Syn.:  see  fickle;  odd;  queer. — whlm'sl-eal-ly,  adv. 
whlm'sl-ral-ness,  ». — whlm"sl-cal'l-ty,  n.  [-ties',  pi.] 
1.  Whlrnslcalness.    2.  A  singularity.    3.  A  quaint  Idea. 

whin,  1  hwin;  2  hwln.  re.    Furze;  gorse.    [<  W.  ehwyn.\ 

whine,  1  hwnin;2  hwin.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [whined;  whin'in<;.] 
To  utter  with  a  whine;  give  forth  a  whine;  find  fault  in 
a  weak  or  childish  way.  II.  «.  A  plaintive,  complain- 
ing cry;  hence,  a  suppressed  nasal  drawl  regarded  as  the 
tone  of  hypocrisy  or  of  childish  complaint.  l<  AS. 
hiifinan.  whlneJ— whln'er.  re. 


whlng'er,  1  hwin'ar;  2  hwing'er,  re.     [Prov.  Brit]    A  dirk; 

whinyard;  hanger.    [Cor.  of  hanger.]    uhing'art. 
whill'ny,  1  hwin'i;  2  hwln'y.    I.  vi.     [whin'nied;  whin'- 

ny'-ing.]    To  neigh,  especially  in  a  low  or  gentle  way. 

II.  n.     [whin'nies2,  pi.]    The  cry  or  call  of  a  horse;  a 

neigh,  especially  if  iow  and  gentle.     [Freq.  of  whine] 
whin 'stone",  1  hwin'ston";  2  hwin'ston",  re.     [Local,  Brit.] 

Any  very  hard  dark=colored  rock,  as  basalt  or  chert.    [Said 

tO  be  <    QUERN  +  STONE.] 

whin 'yard,  1  hwin'yard;  2  hwln'yard,  re.  [Local,  Eng.]  1. 
One  of  certain  ducks.     2||.  A  hanger.     [Var.  of  whinger.] 

whip,  1  hwip;  2  hwip,  v.  [whipped1  or  whipt;  whip'ping.] 
I.  t.  1.  To  strike  with  a  whip,  rod,  or  the  like.  2.  To 
punish  with  lashes;  flog.  3.  To  effect  by  or  as  by  blows. 
4.  To  seize,  take,  or  produce  with  a  quick  motion; 
jerk:  usually  followed  by  away,  from,  in,  into,  off,  on, 
out,  or  up.  5.  [Colloq.,  U.  S.]  To  surpass  in  a  contest; 
conquer.  6.  To  beat  out,  as  grain  from  the  husk  or 
straw.  7.  To  beat  (eggs,  cream,  or  the  like)  into  a 
froth.  8.  To  make  repeated  casts  upon  the  surface  of 
(a  stream)  with  rod  and  line.  9.  To  form,  as  a  flat 
seam,  by  laying  two  selvages  of  a  fabric  together  and 
oversewing  them.  10.  To  bring  and  keep  together  for 
united  action:  often  with  in.  11.  To  overlay  regularly, 
as  a  rope,  so  as  to  enwrap;  wrap  closely,  as  a  cord, 
around  a  rope.  12.  To  hoist  (goods)  quickly  by  means 
of  a  whip.  II.  i.  1.  To  start  or  turn  suddenly  and  run; 
move  nimbly;  do  anything  in  a  brisk  way.  2.  To  make 
casts  upon  the  surface  of  a  stream  with  rod  and  line. 
[ME.  whlppen.]  Syn.:  see  beat.— whip 'per,  re.  1.  One 
who  whips;  especially,  one  appointed  to  inflict  legal  punish- 
ment by  flogging.  wbip'=mas"tert.  2.  Ch.  Hist.  Same 
as  flagellant,  re.,  1.  3.  One  who  hoists  coal,  merchandise, 
etc.,  with  a  whip,  as  from  a  ship's  hold. — whip'persin", 
re.  1.  Inhunting,  one  employed  to  assist  the  huntsman  and 
to  enforce  obedience  among  the  hounds.  2.  [Gt.  Brit.] 
Polit.  Same  as  whip,  re.,  4. — whip 'per  =snap"per,  re.  A  pre- 
tentious but  insignificant  person,  whip'stert. — whip'ping, 
re.  The  act  of  one  who  whips;  castigation.  —  whip'ping: 
post",  re.  The  fixture  to  which  those  sentenced  to  flogging 
are  secured;  hence,  legal  punishment  by  flogging. — whip's 
top",  re.  A  top  that  is  kept  spinning  by  whipping  with  a 
cord  or  stout  string.    whip'ping=top"t. 

whip,  n.  1.  An  instrument  consisting  of  a  handle  and 
lash,  a  flexible  rod,  or  the  like,  for  the  infliction  of  bodilj/ 
pain  by  flagellation,  whether  for  driving  draft=animalt; 
or  for  administering  punishment.  2.  One  who  handlas 
a  whip  expertly;  a  driver.  3.  A  whipper=in.  4.  In  the 
British  Parliament,  a  member  appointed  unofficially  to 
enforce  the  discipline  and  look  after  the  interests  of  his 
party.  5.  A  simple  form  of  hoisting«apparatus,  oper- 
ated by  horse=power,  and  consisting  of  a  rope  passing 
over  an  elevated  pulley.  6.  An  endless  line  worked  from 
the  shore  and  used  in  saving  life  from  a  wreck. — whip'- 
cord",  re.  1.  A  strong,  hard=twisted,  sometimes  braided, 
hempen  cord,  used  in  making  whip-lashes.  2.  A  cord  of 
catgut.  3.  A  kind  of  cloth  having  a  small  prominent  twill 
— w.sgrafta,  vl.  To  graft  by  fitting  a  tongue  cut  on  the 
scion  to  a  slit  cut  slopingly  in  the  stock.  —  «  .  hand,  re.  The 
hand  that  wields  the  whip;  in  riding  or  driving,  the  right 
hand;  figuratively,  an  instrument  or  means  of  mastery;  ad- 
vantage.— w. slash,  re.  The  flexible  striking  part  of  a  whip. 
— whlp'saw",  re.  A  thin,  narrow  saw,  set  In  a  frame, 
w.sstafT,  re.  1.  The  handle  of  a  whip.  2.  Naut.  A  tiller: 
an  old  name. — w.=stock,  re.  That  part  of  a  whip  to  which 
the  lash  is  attached;  a  whip-handle.     w.=stalkl;  w.=stlckl. 

Whip'ple,  1  hwip'l;  2  hwip'l,  William  (1730-1785).  An 
American  Revolutionary  general;  a  signer  of  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence,  [tree.     [Var.  of  whiffletiiee.] 

whip  'pie-tree",  1  hwip'1-tri" ;  2  hwlp'1-tre",  re.    A  swingle- 

whlp'poor-will",  1  hwip'pur-wil";  2  hwlp'pdor-wfl",  «.  A 
goatsucker  of  the  eastern  United  States,  uttering  a 
reiterated  nocturnal  cry,  closely  imitated  in  its  name. 

whir,  1  hwOr;  2  hwlr.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  [whirred,  wiiird"; 
whir'ring.]  To  whirl  or  carry  away  with  a  whir;  khh  e 
or  fly  with  a  whir.  II.  re.  A  whizzing,  swishing  sound, 
as  that  caused  by  the  sudden  rising  of  birds.  [  <  Dan. 
hvtrre. whirl  (imitative).]    whlrrl. 

Whirl,  1  hwuii;  2  hwlrl.  I.  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  turn  or  cause 
to  (urn,  or  fly  round  rapidly,  as  about  a  center;  gyrate) 
twirl;  spin.  2.  To  bear  away  rapidly  with  a  revolving 
motion.  3.  To  move  rapidly  in  a  circular  course.  II.  n. 
1.  A  swift  rotating  or  revolving  motion,  2.  Something 
whirling,  as  a  cloud  of  dust.  [ME.  whirlen,  of  Bcand. 
origin. |     whirl 'er,  n.     1.  One  who  or  that  which  whirls,    2. 

a  rotal  Ing  i b  or  reel  used  in  ropernaklng,     whirl '«flre"t, 

n.    Lightning,     whirl '1-glg,  re.    1.  Any  toy  or  small  device 

that  revolves  rapidly  on  an  axis.  2.  A  inerrygo-round.  8. 
Anything  that  perforins  quick  revolutions  or  moves  In  a 
oyclo.     i.  A  darting  water-beetle  that  frequents  the  surface 


>»  liirr\ 
Might 


i  I  .  I  i  ■  •       at,  fir:  mil,  rttla;  but,  >>ftrn; 

i         11        •  .1        ii      i         i     .  . ,  ii.   in.  01,  wta,      s;o 


■  in  r   r> 

ihlr   ll. 


w  blrtlgtg 
!•>  cutting  the  air  with  a 


all 


Hill 


I  .        .  1.   |'.>  move  or  bo 

I  evpillg   lli.i\  emcllt         '■'.     I 
II.  I. 

:  brush.    3.  \ 
;.     4.  \  small 

.mi,  etc  ) 
"i.  i» ii  ,.r  lace  formerly 

«hi-k     broom', 
•r  brushing  dothlng,  etc. 

I.  rhe   hair 

•  distinguished 

ami   throat :   loosely,  any 

'.'.  t ho  long  bristly  hair-  on  the 

ma!-,  a.-  the  cat.  or  a  situi- 

ibout  the  mouth  "f  a  bird, 

-k-:  formerly,  a  switch. 

srnlsh  ered,        Having whtakei       whi-k- 

»  Ii i - k  cr-l.  --. 

win-  k>.  .    hwN'ky.   n.      [-KTX8*,   pi  1      An 

«ln-  k< •>.  I  i  by  the  distillation 

ipound,   usually  a  grain. 

[ha,  'water  ol 

h  III-    k>     |.n  k".  OT  I   alrula  J 

mod  .  North  America  about  lum- 

M     dick  : ;  m  ■  Jiihii    . 

mIii-'|ii  r.  .  bwfa'per,  r.    I.  (.    To  utter  in  a 

II.         1.  To 
speak  in  a  .'.  ike  a  low  rustling  sound, 

:.  .  det  ise 

■wlsprian;  Imitative        w  hl-'pcr-er. 
win-  per,  I.  ibilanl  voice;  articulated 

i  low,  rustling  sound.    "'. 
•  communication. 
whi-t.  1  Made  silent  or  quiet;  mute. 

w  ln-i .  .  ill  by  four  pereoi 

a  fu  .  S  ite  players  being  partners: 

:  m  each  band,  the  highest  card 
13  tricks  winning  such  trick. 

nlll-k  +  . 

w  ln-l.  '    i        •"  BH  ]     whisht*. 

win-   He..  I.  rf.  <fc  ri.    [whis'tl(e)dp; 

■  r  emit  the  musical 
,1-ile;  call  or  guide  by  a  whistle, 

II.  1  through  a  narrow   apt  i- 

bling  it, 

.   b  a  sound. 
Hill-   ll.  r. 

Hhl-th  r.  .In Wilinlt    McNeil 

<an    artlMt.    etcher,    and    writer; 

whit,  ;   bwit;  2  bwit,  n  irticli  ;  speck: 

un  ;■  i.t . 

White,  I.  1.     ]       make  white; 

1 1 .  I . 

.  by  irregular  reflection  of  all  the 
-1  to  black,    'i.  Having  a 

Ugh  I 

:.  pure; 

inn>  l.  ■    age.     5.  Happy;  propi- 

in  cur  calendar.    U.  I  ight  and 
trar.  1 1 1 .         I 

rible  absorption  of 

.  that  color  which  is 

'!.  Any- 

i  ball,  a  white 

bite.]  — 

Syn_-  (adjective!  see  pal>       white  ant,  an  Insect.  • 

suite,  closelv  resembling  the  true  ant  in  general  appearance 


icli  dam- 

I  u 

I.  iili.  r.  ill     .■  .       ii. -,    rull-blcMxli  I  ■  lielug 

w.  Hag,  U  uoe 

W.      II I         I         '-   ,.     III.     i.  Ml.  Ill     I.  -.lit, -lice    0l     IbO 

on,  ii  i       h . 

lead,  a  plgmeni  obtained  from  mclallli  ii ii 

w,  lie.  ,.  i.i   made  aol 

I  malice  lull  In    a\  I'  I  lie  fi  e  lints  nt  llll.il  her        W.  Squall, 

ill  wblrlwlnd  occurring  In  the  tropics,  bavins  ""  aooom- 
ok  aloud  inn  a  white  patcb  above  the  storm-center. 

n  ..iic'   halt".  I  I.,    -...ini  :  ol  \  .u  lou 

md  herring      ulilie'hii)  ".  •.    i.  \\  I  One  of  u 
band  of  Irish  agrarian  agitators    l.rv  vi-er:.  If.   \  Favorite 
ervant,  or  dependent:  a  term  ol  aOoctloo      White'- 
i  -in.  .      n  bite  '■  -ip".  'i     I.  \  foam-era  i.  .i  wavi 
i  1 1  ne  of  a  lawless  organisation  ol  men,  who,  undei  the 
pretense  ol  regulating  public  morals,  Infllot  cruelties  upon 
Individuals  who  havo  incurred  their  in  will:  so  called  from 
the  white  caps  or  hoods  worn  hy  them     I.  One  ol 
birds  having  white  about  the  head      whltefUh",   ;».    I. 

I i-iike    Food-nab    of    northern   regions.      S.  The 

manhaden.  3.  The  white  whale  white'  u>"ered,  a.  I. 
Havings  pale  and  feeble  look.  '.'.  Bs  s;  oowardl)  or  en- 
moil-     whit'eii.       1. 1.   To  make  white;  blanch;  bleach. 

II.  (.    To  become  white,    s.vn.:  see  blsach,    hIiU'ch-it, 

■hlte'neas,  ».  i  be  tate  or  quallt}  ol  being  white, 
in  am  ■  ■  h  hlte'smlth",  a.  a.  worker  In  white  metal, 
sa  a  tinsmith  or  silversmith  wblte'ster,  n,  [Prov,  Eng  I  A 
bleacher;  whltener.  whlt'stert.  whlte'throat", n  One 
of  various  Old  World  warblers,  especlall}  the  common  or 
greater  whltothroat.      whlte'top",  n.     \  common  and 

valuable   grass  w  111  le 'wa-h".      I1.  it.      1.  To  coal    Willi 

w  bltewaah.  -.  To  attempt  to  excuse  or  defend  a  oorrupl  per- 
son, act,  or  thing.  S,  [Colloq.,  Eng.]  To  tree  from  pecu- 
niary obligations,  as  by  bankruptcy.  4.  [Colloq.,  U.  8.]  To 
bi  a  game 'without  allowing  the  opposite  side  to  score. 
s.\n.:  .-ee  iii  i  \<  ii.  II.  n.  1.  a  mixture  of  slaked  lime  and 
water. used  for  whitening  walls,  etc.  8,  A  toilet  preparation 
for  whitening  the  akin.    3.  Figuratively,  a  glossing  report, 

falsely  ascribing  virtues,  etc.     4.  A  failure  to  score  In  a  game. 

white 'washier,  n.  —white 'weed*,  n.     The  ozeye  daisy. 
wnlte'wood",  n.    Anyone  of  various  trees  yielding  a 
whitish  iimiier.  as  the    Pas-wood,  or  the  Umber  Itself, 

Whiting,  n.      I.  A  white  powdered  chalk  used  as  a  pigment 

an.i  for  polishing.    8.  One  ol  several  widely  scattered  lood> 
or  a  silvery  appearance,  -wuit'ish,  a.    Somewhat 

white,    -ncss.  a. 
White1,  /».      I.  Id  ii  ard  Douglass  (1846-    ).  an  American 

jurist  and  legislator.    'J.  (iiiticrt  tiT^'o  1798),  an  English 

naturalist  and  antiquary;   Vatural  ii-isiuru  ol  Selborm 
Whlte'lleld,  1  bwlt'fild;  2  hwlt'leld,  George  (1714-1770). 

An  i  tngllsh  preacher;  founder  ol  the  <  lalvlnlstlc  Methodists; 
D    \nierica. 
\Vhit<'  Uoun'talns.     A  ranue  in  central    \.\v  Hampshire; 

central  summit,  Mount  Washington,  6,293  ft.  high. 
White  Sea.    a  grill  oil  x.  W.  European  Russia;  36.000  sq.  m. 
h  hi  ih  't-r,  1  hwith'dr;2  hwlth'er,  adv.    1.  As  a  relative,  to 

which  or  w  hat :  approaching  a  conjunctive  use.    IS.  As  an 

Interrogative,  to  which  or  tQ  what   place.     3.   \\  I 

ever.     (<  AS.  hinder,  whither;  akin  to  hw&,  who. J    - 
whitli"er-so-fv'tTji,  adv.    To  what  place  soever. 
\»hlt'leatli"er,   1   hwlt'leth'ar;  2  hwlt'lerti'er,   n.    leather 

!  With  alum  lo  render  It  pliable;  while  leather. 
WhltlOW,    1    hwit'lo;   2    liwit'lo,    n.      An    inflammatory 
tumor,  especially  on  a  finger;  a  runTound  or  :i  felon. 
Hctflaw,  <  QUICK,  n.,  1.  +  flaw1,  n.] 
Ml.it 'man,  1  hwit'm.m;  2  hwii'man,  Walt  (1819-1892).   An 

.n  poet;  /.nire.s  of  Grass. 
Whlt'ney,  1  hwit'm;  2  hwlt'ny,  n.    1.  Ell  (176.r>-1825),  an 
American  mechanist .  Inventor  ol  the  cotton«gln.  'i.  Mount, 
a  peak  of  the  sierra  Nevada  range, California;  14,602 feet; 

highest  point,  In  the  United  Stales  outside  ol  Alaska. 

>\hii  'sun-day,  1  bwit'stra-de;  2  hwlt'sun-dy,  ».     The 
seventh  Sunday  after  Easter;  s  church  festival  corn- 
rating     Pentecost,       Whit 'sun  J. —  Whlt'sun- 

tlile",  a.   rhe  week  beginning  with  Whitsunday. 
Mhlt'tl-er,  i  hwlt'i-er;  2  hwlt'1-er,  John  Greenleaf  (1807- 

An  American  poel ;  Sunn hnunil,  etc. 

Whlt'tle,  1  hwit'l;  2  hwltl,  V.  [wim'ii.i.n;  wnri ''n.lNfi.) 
I.  1 .  1.  To  car\e,  shape,  or  othi  rwise  cut  hy  hand  with 
a  knife;  also,  to  form  in  this  way.  'i.  To  reduce  by  par- 
ing  away  a  little  at  a  time.  3.  To  give  a  sharp  edge 
to.      II.  To  I  ul    up  a   pi'  ee  of  wood  by  shaving  or 

shaping  it  with  a  knife.    Syn.:  see  i  i  i. 

whlt'tle1,  n.  A  knife;  especially,  a  sheath'knife  worn  at 
the  belt.    (  <  AS.  thv  Uan,  cut.] 

Hlil file-,  n.  [Prov.]  1.  A  blanket.  2.  A  shacgy  mantle 
formerly  worn  by  countrywomen.  [<  AS.  hvfllel,  <  hwit, 
white  j    whlt'tlt'!shawl"t. 

will/,  1  hwiz;  2  hwlz.  I.  vi.  [whizzed,  whizd8;  whiz'- 
zin'j]     To  move  swiftly  with  a  hissing  or  humming 


1:»  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle:    an  =  out;    ell;    la=fewd;    cliin;    go;    n  =  sino;   thin,   this.       Whirry 
871         2:  wolf,  do;  book,   boot;  full,  rule,   cure,   but,   burn;  oil,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.         wight 


sound.  II.  n.  A  sound  such  as  is  produced  by  a  flying 
missile.    [Imitative.] 

who,  1  hfj;  2  ho,  pron.  [Used  substantively  and  as  refer- 
ring to  a  person  or  persons.]  I.  interrog.  Which  or 
what  person:  asking  for  the  identification  of  an  individ- 
ual or  of  more  persons  than  one.  II.  rel.  1.  That: 
pointing  out  or  fixing  upon  a  particular  person  or  per- 
sons. 2.  [Used  without  an  antecedent.]  He,  she,  or  they 
that;  the  one  or  ones  that:  a  compound  relative;  "Who 
steals  my  purse  steals  trash." 

In  modern  usage,  who  is  applied  only  to  persons,  which  to 
animals  (usually)  or  to  inanimate  objects,  that  to  persons  or 
things  indifferently.  [<  AS.  hica,  who,  <  pronom.  hity 
(interrog.) .] — who-ev'er,  pron.  Any  one  without  excep- 
tion who.    who"so-ev'erJ  [Archaic].  [lnterj.\ 

whoa,  1  hwo;  2  hwo,  interj.    Stop!  stand  still!    [For  ho, 

whole, )  1  hoi;  2  hoi.     I.  a.     1.  Containing  all;  entire; 

hoIep,  J  total;  complete.  2.  Having  all  the  original  parts 
in  their  proper  constitution;  hence,  sound;  healthy.  3. 
Full:  used  of  relationship;  as,  a  whole  brother:  distin- 
guished from  half'.  II.  n.  1.  All  the  parts  or  elements 
entering  into  and  making  up  a  thing.  2.  An  organiza- 
tion of  parts  making  a  unity.  [  <  AS.  hal,  well,  sound.] 
Syn.:  see  aggregate;  mass. — whole  number,  a  unit  or  a 
number  composed  of  units. — whole'ness,  n.  Entireness; 
completeness. — whole'sale",  a.  1.  Selling  in  quantity: 
opposed  to  retail.  2.  Pertaining  to  wholesale  trade;  made  or 
done  on  a  large  scale. — whole'sal"er,  n. — whole'some,  <;. 

1.  Tending  to  promote  health.  2.  Salutary;  beneficial.  3||. 
Vigorous.  Syn.:  see  healthy. — whole 'some-ly,  adv. — 
whole'some-ness,re. — whol'ly,  adv.  Totally;  exclusively. 

whom,  1  hum;  2  hom,  pron.  The  objective  (formerly 
dative)  case  of  who. — whom-ev'er,  whom 'so, 
whom"so-ev'er.    Objective  cases  of  whoever,  etc. 

whoo'bubt,  n.    Same  as  hubbub. 

whoop,  1  hup;  2  hoop.  I',  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  call  upon  with 
whoops;  mock.  2.  To  utter  whoops;  hoot.  3.  To  drive 
contumeliously:  with  out.  4.  To  make  a  loud,  gasping 
inspiration,  as  after  a  paroxysm  of  coughing.  II.  n.  1. 
A  shout  of  excitement,  derision,  etc. ;  a  hoot.  2.  A  loud 
convulsive  inspiration  after  a  paroxysm  of  coughing. 
[<  OF.  hovper,  whoop] — whoop'lng=cough",  re.  A  con- 
tagious disease,  marked  by  violent  coughing,  ending  with  a 
whoop.    hoop'ing=cough"t;  per-tus'sist. 

whop,  1  hwop;  2  hw6p,  v.  [whopped1;  whop'ping.]  I.  t. 
[Colloq.]  To  beat  or  thrash,  as  in  a  fight  or  other  contest. 
II.  i.  1.  [U.  S]  To  drop,  fall,  or  otherwise  come  down  sud- 
denly; flop.  2.  [Prov.  Brit.]  To  disappear.  [Var.  of  quab, 
».]    whapt. — whop'per,  re.  [Colloq]    1.  One  who  whops. 

2.  Something  large  or  remarkable,  especially  a  surprizing 
falsehood,  whap'pert. — whop'ping,  a.  Unusually  large; 
excessively  exaggerated. 

whore,  1  hor;  2  hor,  v.  [Archaic  or  Obs.]  [whored;  whor'ing.] 

1.  I.  To  corrupt  by  lewd  intercourse.  II.  1  1.  To  have 
sexual  intercourse  with  a  lewd  person.  2.  Script.  To  wor- 
ship false  gods. — whore,  n.  A  prostitute:  now  excluded 
from  polite  speech.  [<  AS.  hore,  <  hor,  adultery.]— 
whore'dom,  n.    1.  The  practise  of  illicit  sexual  intercourse. 

2.  Whores  collectively.  3.  Script.  Idolatry. — whor'ish,  a. 
— whore'mas"ter,  n.  1.  A  procurer;  pander.  2.  Same  as 
whoremonger. — whore  'mon"ger,  n.  A  man  who  has 
Intercourse  with  whores. 

whorl,  1  hwurl;  2  hwurl,  n.  1.  The  fly  of  a  spinning* 
wheel.  2.  Bot.  A  set  of  leaves,  etc.,  on  the  same  plane 
with  one  another,  distributed  in  a  cir- 
cle. 3.  A  turn,  as  of  a  spiral  shell. — 
whorled,  a.  Furnished  with  or  ar- 
ranged in  whorls. 

whort,  1  hwOrt;  2  hwurt.  n.  [Dial.]  The 
whortleberry,  or  Its  fruit.  [For  wort1, 
n.\    whor'tlet;  whurt;. 

whor'tle-  ber"ry,  1  hwOr'tl  -  ber"i;  2 
liwur'tl-bcr"y,  n.  1.  [IJ.  S.|  Same  as 
hickleberrv.  2.  [Eng.]  A  dwarf  hardy 
shrub  and  Its  blue»black  fruit,  bll'ber"-  whorl  of  Starry 
ryl.  [<  AS.  wyrtll  (dim.  of  wyrt,  root)  i  Campion  Leaves 
berry,  n.) 

whose,  1  huz;  2  hog,  pron.  The  possessive  case  of  who 
and  often  of  winch.    [  <  ME.  hwds,  gin.  of  hwS,  who.) 

who'soll,  1  hu'so;  2  hq'so,  pron.  Whoever.-  whose"so-cv'er, 
pron.    Possessive  case  of  whosoever. 

why,  1  hwai;  2  hwy.  I.  adv.  For  what  cause,  purpose,  or 
reason.  II.  eonj.  I.  Because  of  which;  for  which.  2. 
As  a  relative,  the  reason  or  cause  for  which,  III.  <«'•  l ; 
An  introductory  expletive.     |  <  AS.  Inn,   <  hwii,  who.] 

whyd'ah,  n.    Same  as  wbtdah.    whyd'ah=blrdi. 

W.  I..  W.  Ind.,  abbr.     West  India,  west.  Indies. 

wlch'»ba"zel,  l  widh'»h6»zl,  2  wich'*ha"zl,  n.    A  shrub, 

10  to  12  feet  high,  of  the  eastern  United  States  ami  <  !an- 
ada,  from  which  are  derived  an  ointment  and  solution 


used  in  pharmacy  as  a  remedy  for  bruises,  sprains,  etc. 
[<  AS.  wice,  wich=elm,  +  hazel.]    witch'=ha"zelt. 

wich'=elm",  1  wicTi^elm":  2  wich'=eim»,  n.    The  Scotch  elm. 

Wlch'i-ta,  1  wiCh'i-te;  2  wich'i-ta,  n.  A  city  in  S.  cen- 
tral Kansas;  seat  of  Fairmount  College  (Cong.);  pop. 
70,902. 

wick1,  1  wik;  2  wik,  re.  A  band,  as  of  woven  fibers,  as  in 
a  candle  or  lamp,  operating  by  capillary  attraction,  to 
convey  oil  or  other  illuminant  to  a  flame.  [  <  AS. 
weoca,  wick.] — wlck'ing,  n.    Material  for  wicks. 

wick2,  re.  A  village  or  town:  now  mostly  in  composition. 
[<  AS.  wlc,  <  L.  vicus,  village.J    wicht. 

wick'ed,  1  wik'ed;  2  wik'Cd,  a.  1.  Evil  in  principle  and 
practise;  vicious.  2.  Mischievous;  roguish.  [<  AS.  wic- 
ca,  wizard.]  Syn.:  see  bad;  criminal;  immoral;  infamous; 
profane;  sinful.— wick 'ed-ly,  adv.— wick'ed-ness,  re. 

wick'er,  1  wik'er;  2  wik'er.  I.  a.  Made  of  twigs,  osiers, 
etc.  tl.  n.  1.  A  pliant  young  shoot  or  rod.  2.  Ware 
made  of  such  shoots.  [Ult.  <  AS.  wican,  bend.]  — 
wick'er- work",  re.     A  fabric  of  woven  twigs,  osiers,  etc. 

wick'et,  1  wik'et;  2  wlk'gt,  n.  1.  A  small  door  or  gate 
subsidiary  to  a  larger  entrance.  2.  A  small  opening  in  a 
door.  3.  A  small  sluice=gate  in  a  canaI=lock.  4.  Cricket. 
(1)  An  arrangement  of  three  upright  rods  called  stumps 
set  near  together,  with  two  crosspieces  called  bails  laid 
over  the  top.  (2)  The  place  at  which  the  wicket  is  set 
up.     [  <  Ice.OF  vikinn,  pp.  of  vikja,  turn.] 

wick'i-up,  1  wik'i-up;  2  wik'I-up,  re.  A  loosely  constructed 
hut  of  certain  North=American  Indian  tribes:  opposed  to 
teepee  or  wigwam.    [Am.  Ind.] 

wid'der-shins,  -sins.  adv.    Same  as  withershins. 

wide,  1  waid;  2  wid.  I.  a.  [wid'er;  wid'est.]  1.  Having 
relatively  great  extent  between  sides;  broad.  2.  Ex- 
tended far  in  every  direction;  ample.  3.  Having  a 
specified  degree  of  width  or  breadth.  4.  Distant  from 
the  desired  or  proper  point  by  a  great  extent  of  space; 
remote.  5.  Figuratively,  having  intellectual  breadth; 
liberal;  comprehensive.  6.  Fully  open;  expanded  or  ex- 
tended: as,  wide  eyes.  II.  n.  In  cricket,  a  ball  bowled 
too  far  on  either  side  of  the  wicket.  III.  adv.  1.  To  a 
great  distance;  extensively.  2.  Far  from  the  mark.  3. 
To  the  greatest  extent;  fully  open.  [  <  AS.  wide,  <  wid, 
wide.]  Syn.:  see  large. — wide'=a-wake".  I.  a.  Marked 
by  vigilance  and  alertness.  Syn.:  see  active:  alert;  vigi- 
lant. II.  re.  A  soft  broad=brimmed  felt  hat.— wldc'ly, 
adv. — wid 'en,  vt.  &  vi.  To  make  or  grow  wide  or  wider. 
Syn.:  see  amplify. — wide'ness,  re. 

widge'on,  1  wij'an;  2  widg'on,  n.  A  river=duck  with 
short  bill  and  wedge=shaped  tail.  [  <  OF.  vigeon,  <  L. 
vipio,  kind  of  crane.]     wige'ont. 

wid  'o w1, 1  wid'o ;  2  wid'o.  I.  vt.  1.  To  make  a  widow.  2. 
To  deprive  of  something  desirable,  or  that  suggests  a 
husband's  companionship  or  support.  3|J.  To  be  or  be- 
come the  widow  of.  II |J.  a.  Widowed.  III.  n.  A 
woman  who  has  lost  her  husband  by  death  and  is  still 
unmarried.  [  <  AS.  widewe,  widow,  prob.  <  V  in  Sans. 
vindh,  lack.]— wid  'ow-er,  re.  A  man  whose  wife  Is  dead,  and 
who  has  not  married  again. — wid'ow-hood,  re. 

width,  1  width;  2  width,  re.  1.  Space  between  sides,  or  ex- 
tent from  side  to  side.  2.  The  state  of  being  wide.  [  < 
wide,  a.)  —  wldth'wise,  adv.    In  the  direction  of  width. 

wld'ow2,  re.    A  whidah»bird.    wld'ow=blrd"f. 

wield'1,  1  wild;  2  weld,  vt.  1.  To  use,  control,  or  manage, 
as  a  weapon.  2.  To  exercise  authority  over;  com- 
mand. [<  AS.  geweldan,  <  wealdan;  akin  to  L.  valeo, 
be  strong.] — wleld'er,  re. — wleld'y,  a.    Easily  handled. 

Wles-ba'den,  1  vis-bfi'den;  2  V6s-bfi'd6n,  re.  A  city  in  S.  E. 
Prussia;  a  health  resort,  with  hot  saline  springs;  pop.  1()!».(KM). 

wife,  1  waif;  2  wif,  71.  [wives,  1  waivz;  2  wivs,  />/.]  I.  A 
woman  joined  to  a  man  in  wedlock.  2.  [Prov.  or  Seol.) 
An  adult  woman  of  a  humble  station.  3.  A  housewife; 
goodwife.  [<  AS.  wif,  wife,  <  V  wib,  tremble.] — 
wlfc'hood,  re.— wlfe'lcss,  a.  —  wlfc'ly,  a. 

wig,  1  wig;  2  wig,  n.  1.  A  covering  of  false  hair  closely 
filling   Ihe   head.      2.   [Colloq.]   A   judge:   from   the   wig 

worn  in  England,  [Snort  lor  peri- 
wig.]— wigged,  a.  Furnished  with 
or  wearing  a  wig. 
wig 'an,  1  wlg'en;  2  wlg'an.  «.  A  slll'f 
canvas-like  fabric  used  for  Stiffening 
the  borders  of  garments.     |<    Wigan, 

England.] 

wig'gle,    1   wlg'l;    2   wlg'l.      [Colloq.    or 

Prov.]  I.  vt.  .V  /■/.  To  aquli  m  aboul ; 
n  riggle.  II.  n.  The  act  of  wriggling. 
[For   waqole.]  —  wlg'gler,    ».      one 

wl r  that  which  wiggles;  a  larval 

mosquito,    wlg'gic-iair'i- 
wlglitii.  1  wait;  2  wit.  a.    Full  of  prowess;  Btrong  ami  valiant; 
active;  swift.   Klco.vtgr,  <    nty.war.] 


Bob'Wlg 


wlghl 
« Indow 

MlCtil. 

I 


»l« 


1   o- 


■    a  .     •»■      1                                            I            i                       .'.       .it.  Ar;   full.  rOlc   but .  I'Orn", 
.         i      .       -i  ,i    .1         .  b>\  fl  II.  loo;  I  i  r,  win,      B71 


1 

touUi  mast 

u   Newport 

,.  bri 


I.  \  lodge  ><r  lent 
S.J    A 


•HI.     l-M,.. 

Mil    I*  r-|. 

- 
»ll.|. 


William 

illtlontst. 
I  I.   Inhabiting  the 

'.'.   I  n  - 
.•..I  in  a  rude,     .■■  ige  «  >\ 
•    culture      4. 
uninhabited      S. 
ilute;  prodi- 
gal;  in   *  6.     M 

itormy ; 

T .  '  hi  iudgmei        s 

9.  Keenly  pager. 

It.  r  distraction;  erased  or  oraay. 

I  1  lUTSe  ur  from 

II.  ••     An  uninhabited  or  mi- 
ll I    .  \\  ildly 
:.~Ud.  wild.  <   •»    of  will',  r.l     Syn.:  (adjective)  Bee 
insane;  ihrkoular;    romantic; 
tvr-                                                     wild  boar,  the  native  hog 
-  mthern   Asia,  and    Vorth    Africa, 
and  former.                                     \> .  luiiiUinaii  (J'oUt-tori   . 
a  fantom  huntsman  supposed  to  dash  over  the  oountryal 
night  accompanied  by  a  troop  of  attendants,  etc .  —  wild  'cat", 
i          i                                       ly  or  wildly,  bb  financiering. 

2.  Running  without  kin  Of  engine.      II.  n 

I.   v  i  feline  carnivore,  resembling  the 

dotni-'  .'.  i    ■  oJ  southern  and  western  North 

uilii'tiri'.  i.  ^  composition  of  Inflammable 
materials,  or  the  flame  produced  by  it.  spreading  readily  and 
hard  to  quench.  Greek  tire:.  8.  I  phosphorescent  luml- 
nousness.  k  l.  HeaUllghtnmg.     4.   \  BP 

Inflammation  of  the  skm      wild 'Mi.    i      wlld'ly,  adv. — 
sr.  ■aaret.    L   knlghti  I  irlld'iiess, 

»lld 'i»iHid",  i  reat. 

wllde'beest".  1  'ah:  ',  2  wnd'W'St*  or  vll'- 

\fr.  D.] 
«ll  il-r.  1  wfl'der;  2  wlHder,  f.    [Poet]   I./.   To  mislead:  be- 
ll. (.    To  wander.  [<  wild,  a.]—  wU'der-ment,  n. 
wfl'Jer-neas,  I         tar-nee;  2  wfl'der-nee,  n.    1.  An  un- 
cultivated, nninhahited,  or  barren  region,    2.  A  waste, 
dtitudinoua  and  confusing  col- 
■n;  as,  am'  irioeities.     4t.  Wild 

Id  'I' Or.  wild  tM 

WU'dtr  mas,  i  n  \    i    Virginia;  scene  of 

■  Irani  and  Lee. 

wll'l'lng.  1  •.vaild'irj:2  wilding.     I.  a.    [Poet.l    Growing  wild; 

ii        m:  uncultivated  plant; 

a  Bru  '  .'.vine  among  grafted  trees. 

Wile.  1  wail:  2  wfl.     I.  rf.     [wii.mi;  w  ii.'ini;  ]     1.    I 

livertingly,  as  time: 
imonlv  with  tttoau.     II.  n       An  not  or  :i  mi 
cum  any  beguiling  trick  or  artifice. 

B6  AKTIH'  K 

\»llfr.-d.  1  wil'frwl:  2  wuTrM    Saint     634-709 

Mil'frid:. 
wM'ful.  1  wil'ful:  2  wu'ful,  o.    1.  Bent  on  having  one's 
leli-willed.     2.   I: 
wn  will;  voluntary 

Will      fill  -P.   .  -Ill-SH,    „ 

Mil    In  l-ml  na  I.,  1  wll'hi-l-rnl'n;.:  2  wll'M-1-mi'iia.    Wllhcl- 

mlna   Helena  PauJIna   Maria    (If  Queen   Of   the 

[admiral  and  antarctic  explon  r. 

Wilkes,]  j        -  Chanel    1798    1877)     An  American 

VFIIkes'>Bar"re,  1   wllks'.bar'i:  2  wlllaf*bar*e.  n.    A  city  In 

pop    71 i 

will..  :  | ,  T .  ,j,/| 

will:  pi.  will;  imp.  tin  n  i.ic  / /.  v...- 

or  wouldot;  3d,  would;  pi.  would.]    I  . 
be  willing  to  have  happen.     II. 

Id.    [< 

linn,  will.]  ' 

"'"'•  [The  preceding  verb  weakened  by 

gn  of  futurity,  with 
>me  force  of  willingness,  wishing 
1.  To  be  going  to;  be  about  U  inder  bhall. 


.'./  per, 
1     I-  i 


'.'.  l  o  l"'  willing  to;  have  ■  mind  t"    3.  To  be  about  t". 
-.  ur  naturally;  must     4.  ro  do  or  be  habitu- 

.  ,lly 
w  III  .  .:;.!    ;•;■     \\  II  I  1  |i.    ; < ; > •      u  n  | 

|       I      ul  us,  ,|    «  iili    \\  ||  i  i 

I .   fo  produce  1 1 1 »  i  1 1 ■  •,  1 1   i  own  deed,  by  the 

in  aotion  ot 

course;  dotermii 8<    I  o  give.  dovi  •  ,  ur  In- • 

•  i ueai h.  liy  a  will     4.  !.•  oontrol,  as  ■  hypnotised  i"  i 

.   I       >\  ! •  i i  w  ill      "i  .    I  motive, 

feeling,  nr  tendenoy  toward      II.  i      I.  To  i 
thai  natural  imperative  whioh  man  has  ovei  himself; 
■  i  ■  ■  i  he  faculty  ol  volil ion  or  » ill     2.  To  1 
i.i  preference;  « i        S.  To  i     u    i 
decree .    ■  li i  •  \  ■  ■    u  <.    will.] 

>uii  i.  ntii  I, or  will  he.  uiii  he.  or  will  >e,  niii  > e.  will- 
ingly nr  unw mindly .  without  oholoe:    une  sj  the  corrupt 
form  wn  i  i 
will.         i.   :>     power  of  willing     Specifically:  (1)  The 
powei  lerate   act  ion       1 2 1    Psychol. 

,i  ultj  bj  whioh  the  rational  mind  makes  choice 
oi  us  i  nil-  ni  aotion,  and  <lirn-is  the  energies  in  lar- 
rying  out  its  determinations,  (8)  In  popular  usage, 
ohoioe,  purpose,  nr  directive  effort      2.   An  exercisi 

ul    the   [acuity   of   willing;   a   ohoioe   nr   a   volition.      .1. 

Stnmg  determination;  practical  enthusiasm;  energy 
ni  character,  4.  That  which  has  been  resolved  or  de- 
termined upon;  a  purpose      •'».   Power  to  dispose  "I 

a  matter  arbitrarily ;  discretion  •!.  The  legal  declara- 
tion of  a  man's  intentions  as  to  disposition  of  proper!  i . 
etc.,  thai  he  wills  to  be  performed  after  his  death.    7  • 

A   conscious  inclination   toward  any  end  or  course;  a 
wish.      ,S    .   A   request    or  command;  :in  expressed   wish. 
\~  3a,  <    trtllan.   will]      SjTO.:    decision,    desire,   dis- 

position. Inclination,  resolution,  wish,     win  is  a  word  ol 

Wide   range  of   meaning,   and    both  B8   faculty  and   act    has 

been  the  BUblect  ol  main-  and  various  theories;  in  popular 
langui  often  equivalent  to  desire  or  Inclination, 

BS  when  we  speak  of  doing  something  against,  our  Will. 
I  'tililion  Is  a  word  Of  sclent  Hie  precision,  denoting  the  deli  r- 
mmatlve   element    Ol  Hlir=wor"shl|>,    n.      Self.lm- 

DOsed  or  sclMnvented  worship  or  homage.  See  Col.  11,  2M. 
— wlir>wor"slilp-er.  n. 

ffUlard,  1  wfl'ard;  2  wll'ard,  Frances  E.  (1839-1898).    An 
American  philanthropist;  temperance  advocate. 

wll'lct.  1  wil'it ;  2  wil'et.  n.    A  large  llght^colored  snlpcllke 
bird  of  North  America. 

will  'fill,  -ly,  -ness.    Same  as  wilful,  etc. 

\\  II 'Ham,  1  wll'yam;  2  wll'yam,  n.    1.  Any  one  of  four  kings 

Ol   Kngland,  especially:  (1)   W.  I.  (1027?-1087).  surnai I 

"the  Conqueror";  duke  of  Normandy;  defeated  Harold  at 
the  battle  of  Hastings  and  became  first  Norman  king  of 
England.  (2)  W.  III.  (1650-1702),  prince  of  orange;  re- 
ceived English  crown  from  Parliament  on  the  flight  of 
James  II.  2.  Either  of  two  German  emperors:  (1)  W.  I. 
IT'.iT  18SS'.  king  of  Prussia;  proclaimed  German  emperor 
in    1N71       (2i    W.   II.   (1N.V.I  ).   (ierman  emperor  since 

1888.  3.  W.  of  Orange:  (1)  (1533-1684).  prince  of  Orange; 
founder  of  the  Dutch  republic;  assassinated.  Vi.  the 
silent:.  (2)  Same  as  Wii.i.iam  III.  4.  W.  "the  Lion" 
(         -1214),  a  Scottish  king. 

Williams,  1  wll'yamz;  2  wD'yama,  Roger  (1599-1683).    An 
In^llsh  clergyman;  founded  Ithode  Island. 

will'ine,  a.  1.  Having  the  mind  favorably  inclined  or 
disposed.  2.  Answering  to 
demand  or  requirement; 
compliant  3.  <  lladly  prof- 
it done;  hearty.  4|j. 
Having  wish  or  will;  wish- 
ing 5t.  Being  in  concord 
of  mind.  Syn.:  see  spon- 
TANKOUB. — wlll'lng-ly,  adv. 
wlll'lng-ness,  n. 

«ll 'lis.  ]  wll'is;  2  wll'ls.  Na- 
thaniel Parker  (1806-1867). 
An  American  poet  .  The  Leper. 

wlir50'  =  the=wlsp",  1  wil'«o« 
tin  •  wisp";  2  wfl'«o  •  the* 
wi-p*.  n.     The  Ignis  fatuus. 

wirtow,  1  wil'o;  2  wll'o,  vt. 

To   -witch  with    a  willow;  Leavei)  and  CatklILS  of"wll. 

clean  by  picking  and  beat-  i0W8 

ing,  a-  textile  libers.  ,   lmjBt  h|gUind  .„|ow     „  ^ of 

Mil  low1,  1  wil  o;    2  wilo,  n.  .hit-  »ni„w.    8.  LmI ot wNpIsg wllkiw. 
1.    A    tree    or  shrub    having  t-  •-«'  o'  ebinlni?  willow.     6.  Leaf  of  v«l- 
irenrT'illv  smooth   branches  v"'  '"x"-    «• '«' of  l«j  wUlow.    7,  », 
generally  Binooui  uraiicina  9   ^^  uni  otklm  of  howj  willow. 
and     often     long,    slender, 

pliant,  and  sometimes  pendent  branchlets.  2.  [ColloCj.] 
Something   made   of   willow,   especially   a   baseball*   or 

cricket*bat.    [  <  AS.  welig,  willow. j—  weeping  willow, 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    mi  =  out;    ell;    lu  =  feud;    Chin;    go;    if  —  Bing,    Chin,   this.  wlgllt 

873        2:  wolf,  d«;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but.    burn;  611,  b6y;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this.      Window 


an  Old  \\  orld  willow  remarkable  for  its  long,  slender,  pen- 
dulous branches. — w.  pattern,  a  decorative  design  intro- 
duced on  household  china  in  England  in  1780:  so  called 
from  the  willow=tree  that  figures  in  the  design. — wll'low* 
herb",  n.  A  perennial  herb  with  scattered  willow-like 
leaves  and  large  pink»purple  flowers.— wil'low-y,  a.  1. 
Abounding  In  willows.  2.  Having  supple  grace  of  form  or 
carriage.    Syn.:  see  supple. 

wil'low2,  n.  Mech.  A  machine  for  giving  a  preliminary  clean- 
ing to  cotton,  flax,  hemp,  wool,  etc.  [<  willow1,  n.,  from 
the  willow  wands  formerly  used  for  cleaning  cotton.]  wil'- 
lowmia-chine"!;  wil'lyt. 

wlU'yard,  1  wll'yard;  2  wil'yard,  a.  [Scot.]  Wilful;  also, 
abashed;  bewildered,    will'yarti. 

wil'ly=nil"ly,  1  wil'i=nil"i;  2  wil'y=nil'y.  I.  a.  Having  no  de- 
cisiveness; uncertain;  irresolute.  II.  adv.  Willingly  or  un- 
willingly.   [<  will1,  v..  +  nill,  v.] 

\\  il'ining-ton,  1  wll'min-tan:  2  wfl'ming-ton,  n.  A  manu- 
facturing city  in  N.  Delaware;  pop.  106,374. 

Wll'son,  1  wil'san;  2  wll'son,  n.  1.  Henry  (1812-1875).  an 
American  statesman;  introduced  measure  for  restoration 
of  rights  of  Confederate  States.  2.  John  (1785-1854),  a 
Scottish  poet  and  critic;  known  as  "Christopher  North." 
3.  (Thomas)  Woodrow  (1856-  ).  An  American  states- 
man, educator,  author,  and  President.    See  president. 

Wlltld,  1  wilt;  2  wilt,  v.  I.t.  To  cause  to  droop  or  wither. 
II.  i.  2.  To  lose  freshness;  droop,  as  a  plant.  2.  [Slang.] 
To  subside  or  retire  suddenly,  as  when  discomfited. 
[Akin  to  D.  welken.  wither.] 

wilt2,  2d  per.  sing.  pres.  ind.  act.  of  will.  v. 

wl'ly,  1  wai'h;  2  wl'ly,  a.  [wi'li-er;  wi'li-est.]  Full  of 
or  characterized  by  wiles ;  sly ;  cunning.  Syn.:  see  insidious  ; 
politic— wl'li-ly,  adv.  —  wi'H-ness,  n. 

Wim'bl(ep,  1  wim'bl;  2  wlm'bl,  n.  Anything  that  bores 
a  hole;  a  gimlet  or  a  brace  and  bit.  [<  Dan.  vimmel, 
auger.]    wim'mlet  [Scot.]. 

wlni'pKe,  1  wim'pl;  2  wim'pl,  v.  [wim'pled;  wim'pling.]  1. 1. 
1.  To  cover  with  or  hide  under  a  wimple.  2t.  To  make  or 
fold  into  plaits.    3t-  To  deceive  by  or  as  by  blinding.    II.  i. 

1.  To  ripple.    2t .  To  lie  in  wimples  or  folds. 

wlm'ple,  n.    1.  A  cloth,  as  of  linen  or  silk,  wrapped  In  folds 
over  a  woman's  head  and  neck :    now  worn 
only  by  nuns.     2.  [Scot.]     A  rippling;  also, 
a  fold  or  winding. 

win,  1  win;  2  win,  v.  [won;  win'- 
ning.]  I.  (.  1.  To  gain  or  succeed 
in,  as  against  difficulties  or  com- 
petitors. Specifically:  (1)  To  ob- 
tain or  achieve,  as  by  persistence 

or   struggle.      (2)  To  earn  or  pro-  Rw™i6!raWXa  'hWr^ikh 
cure,  as  a  living.    (3)  To  be  victo-  wimple  as  Worn   by 
rious    in,    as    a    contest.      2.   To     Benedictine  Nun. 
gain    by    some    winning    course 

or  winsome  quality;  allure;  induce;  as,  to  win  her 
love;  to  win  a  jury.  II.  i.  1.  To  succeed  in  an 
effort  or  prevail  in  a  contest;    attain  to  a  desired  end. 

2.  [Prov.  Brit,  or  Obs.]  To  strive  together;  toil  or  strug- 
gle; make  a  way;  get;  arrive:  in  phrases  with  from,  on, 
through,  to,  up,  etc.  [<  AS.  winnan,  contend.]  Syn.:  see 
allure;  attain;  conquer;  gain;  get;  obtain;  persuade; 
succeed. — win,  n.  [Colloq.]  A  victory;  success. — win'- 
ner,  n. — wln'nlng.  I.  pa.  1.  Successful  in  competition. 
2.  Capable  of  winning  or  charming;  attractive;  winsome. 
Syn.:  see  amiable;  charming;  lovely.  II.  n.  1.  The  act 
of  one  who  wins.    2.  That  which  is  won:  usually  in  the  plural. 

wince,  1  wins;  2  wing,  vi.  [winced1;  winc'ing.]  To 
shrink  back  or  start  aside,  as  from  a  blow  or  pain; 
flinch;  hence,  to  be  restive,  as  under  reproof.  [< 
OHG.OF  wenkan,  G.  wanken,  wince.] 

wince1,  n.    The  act  of  wincing. 

wince2,  n.    A  dyers'  winch  or  windlass.    [For  winch,  n.] 

winch,  1  wincb;  2  winch,  n.  1.  A  windlass,  particularly 
for  hoisting,  as  on  a  truck,  a  mast,  etc.  2.  A  crank 
used  as  a  handle,  as  in  a  hand=organ.     [  <  AS.  wince.] 

Wln'ches-ter,  1  win'eTies-tar;  2  wln'ches-ter,  n.  1.  A  cathe- 
dral city  in  S.  England ;  pop.  23,000;  former  Anglo>Saxon 
capital;  seat  of  Winchester  College.  2.  A  city  of  northern 
Virginia;  scene  of  several  battles  in  1862  and  1864. 

wind1, 1  waind;  2  wind,  v.  [wound;  wind'ing.]  I.t.  1. 
To  pass  (a  thread,  cord,  etc.)  around  some  object; 
twine;  wreathe.  2.  To  encircle  with  something;  as,  to 
wind  a  spool  with  thread.  3.  To  put  the  mechanism  of 
in  readiness  for  movement  by  tightening  the  coil  of 
a  spring,  cord,  etc.;  as,  to  wind  a  watch,  etc.:  often 
with  up.  4.  To  change  the  direction  of  by  turning 
this  way  or  that;  hence,  to  manage  or  direct;  control; 
gain  influence  over;  as,  be  wound  his  way  into  my  con- 
fidence. 5.  To  pursue  by  following  the  changing  direc 
tions  or  turnings  of;  follow,  li.  [Eng.l  To  hoist,  as  with 
a  windlass.  7.  To  weave.  II.  i.  I.  To  move  or  be  ar- 
ranged in  a  circular  or  spiral  manner.     2.  To  go  tor- 


tuously round  about;  twist.  3.  To  have  a  twisted  form. 
[<  AS.  windan.]  Syn.:  see  twist. — to  wind  up.  1.  To 
coil  round  and  round.  2.  Same  as  wind1,  v.,  I.,  2.  3.  To  put 
in  readiness  for  action;  excite;  arouse.  4.  To  bring  to  con- 
elusion  or  settlement;  close,  as  a  business.  Syn.:  see  end. 
— wind'ing,  pa.    1.  Turning  spirally  about  an  axis  or  core. 

2.  Having  bends  or  lateral  turns.  3.  Twisting  from  a  plane. 
— wind'sup",  n.    Concluding  action;  final  settlement;  end. 

wind2,  1  wind  or  waind;  2  wind  or  wind,  vt.  &  vi.  [wind'- 
EDd  (erroneously,  wound)  ;  wind'ing.]  To  blow,  as  a 
horn;  sound.     [  <  wind1,  n.\  confused  with  wind1,  v.] 

wind3d,  1  wind;  2  wind,  vt.  1.  To  detect  or  follow  by 
scent.  2.  To  exhaust  the  wind  or  breath  of.  3.  To 
expose  to  the  wind,  as  in  ventilating. 

wind1,  1  wind  or  (Poet.)  waind;  2  wind  or  (Poet.)  wind,  n. 
1.  Air  in  motion  naturally;  a  current  of  air.  2.  Air  in 
motion  by  artificial  means,  as  by  fanning=machinery. 

3.  The  material  or  power  of  respiration.  (1)  Lung= 
power;  breath;  breathing=power.  (2)  Breath  as  ex- 
pended in  words.  (3)  Breath  as  regulated  in  perform- 
ing on  wind=instruments,  etc.  (4)  Breath  as  localized 
in  the  mid^region  of  the  body:  in  pugilism.  4.  The 
gaseous  product  of  indigestion;  flatulence.  5.  Air  per- 
vaded by  scent ;  as,  the  deer  got  wind  ofthehunter;  figura- 
tively, a  secret  let  out  or  discovered;  as,  to  get  wind  of  a 
plot.  6|| .  A  point  of  the  compass  as  a  source  of  wind.  [  < 
AS.  wind,  <  V  in  Goth,  waian,  G.  wehen,  blow.] 

Syn.:  air,  blast,  breeze,  cyclone,  draft,  gale,  gust,  hurri- 
cane, squall,  storm,  typhoon,  zephyr. — wind 'age,  n.  1. 
The  rush  of  air  caused  by  the  rapid  passage  of  an  object,  as 
a  projectile  or  a  railway=train.  2.  Deflection  of  an  object,  as 
a  bullet,  from  its  natural  course  due  to  wind=pressure.  3. 
The  free  air=space  between  any  moving  piece  and  the  socket 
or  bore  in  which  it  travels.  4.  Mil,  Surg.  A  contusion  caused 
by  sudden  compression  of  air  due  to  the  passing  of  a  ball 
near  the  body. — wlnd'sbound",  a.  Naut.  Delayed  by  con- 
trary winds. — wind 'break",  n.  Anything,  as  a  hedge, 
fence,  etc.,  that  breaks  the  force  of  the  wind. — w.sbrokeu, 
a.  Asthmatic;  broken=winded:  said  of  a  horse. — wlnd'- 
fall",  n.  1.  Something,  as  ripening  fruit,  brought  down  by 
the  wind.  2.  A  piece  of  unexpected  good  fortune. — wlnd'- 
flow"er,  n.  1.  The  anemone.  2.  A  species  of  gentian. — w.s 
gall,  n.  A  soft  swelling  near  the  pastern=joint  of  a  horse. — 
wlnd'hov"er,  n.  [Eng.]  The  kestrel:  so  called  from  its 
habit  of  hovering  in  the  face  of  the  wind. — » .  instrument , 
n.  A  musical  instrument  whose  sounds  are  produced  by 
vibrations  of  air  injected  by  the  lungs  or  by  machinery. — 
wind 'less,  a.  1.  Without  wind;  breezeless;  calm.  2.  Being 
out  of  breath. — wind 'mill",  n.  A  machine  turned  by  the 
wind,  for  supplying  motive  power. — wind 'pipe",  n.  The 
duct  by  which  the  breath  is  carried  to  and  from  the  lungs. 
— w.ssail,  n.  1.  Naut.  A  canvas  tube  or  funnel  with  a 
spreading  opening  at  one  side  of  the  top  that  may  be  stayed 
to  face  the  wind:  used  on  ships  to  conduct  fresh  air  below 
decks.     2.  A  sail  on  the  arm  of  a  windmill.  [twist. 

wind2,  I  waind;  2  wind,  n.     A  winding  bend,  turn,  or 

wind'er1,  1  waind'er  2  wlnd'er,  n.  1.  One  who  or  that 
which  winds.  2.  That  upon  which  or  from  which  thread, 
etc.,  may  be  wound.  3.  A  step  in  winding  stairs.  4.  A 
twining  plant.  5.  An  appliance  for  winding  up  a  spring. 

Wind'er2,  1  wind'for  waind']ar;  2  wind'[or  wind']er,  u. 
One  who  winds  a  horn,  bugle,  etc. 

wind'ing1,  1  waind'in;  2  wind'ing,  n.  1.  The  act  or 
condition  of  one  who  or  that  which  winds;  a  spiral 
turning  or  coiling.  2.  A  bend  or  turn,  or  a  series  of 
them.  3.  A  warp  or  twist  from  a  plane  surface.  4. 
Elec.  The  manner  in  which  the  wire  is  wound  in  a  coil. 
— wlnd'ingssheet",  n.    The  sheet  that  wraps  a  corpse. 

wind  'ing2,  n.    A  boatswains'  signal. 

wind 'lass,  1  wind'las;  2  wlnd'las,  n.  Mech.  A  drum  for 
winding,  or  for  hoisting  by  winding.  [Corr.  of  windas 
(  <  D.  windas,  < 
winden,  wind,  -f- 
aes,  pole).] 

win 'die,  1  wln'dl;  2 
wln'dl,  n.  1.  [Dial 
Anything  used  to 
wind  or  turn;  a  reel 
or  a  spindle:  a  term 
of  variable  local  use. 
2.  A  nearly  obsolete 
dry  measure  of  3.50 
bushels.  [<  AS. 
wlndel,  <  windan, 
wind]  —  win 'die- 
straw",  n.  [Prov.  "'V,1' 
Brit]  1.  One  of  va-  'p""" 
rious  old  World  warblers,  whlte'throafj.  2.  A  with- 
ered, stalk  of  several  grasses.  [I  AS.  streOto,  straw.]  wln'- 
dlc-strae"j;  wln'nle-strac"}  [Scot.]. 

wlu'dow,  1  win'do;  2  wlu'do,  n.    1.  An  opening,  as  in  a 


Combination   Windlass. 

looking  cum;  b.  Bucket    in    which    i.lnli.n.luln.llo 
iiHcil  an  a  geared  wirjdlMlj  <l,  pin  tur  ueu  au 

iinliiii.it;  c,  pinlon^buidle, 


» in.tr,. v. 
nllhhulcl 


&■'■     fl  I  I  i        o  0       ot.flr;  full,  rule;  l.iit.l.Orn; 

>     |  ...         ty.f*         iii  i ...     s;| 


II 

III 


I 

■•  pile,  nit 

I 

In  lli.   .. 


*v  ■■  u  !   I-  lan.lv  v  group 

Wlllll     >. 

i  .'.  i  t.>  the  wind 

•1.    t<  ■::.!   .  I .  luring,    due 

V.- 
wlnd  i-i. .  wind  1-neas 

w  In.-.  I.  -.  i  [>;  u  i\  r. 

II.        I.  The 
aded  use,  the 

unierniented. 

..-  other  fruit 

th.v  i.  nking  wine;  intox- 

i.  '..   Pharm, 

»  Inch  wine  i-  used  as  the 

wine'' 

■  -  a    gj  .--.  ii  goblet  from 

w  .   in.  i-ur.-.  -  .-iir  a.s   LIQUID 

ui  .-  m.  it.  --.        An  apparai 

pUo  h  III  Vr-\  . 

.   '<»'in  for  lining  mid 
»  .  -kin. 

■  .1  Into  :i  tight 
bac  '  i  lie  <  irlent. 

«  ini:.  I.         I .         accon  plish  by  tin- 

aid   ■  '.'.  rai.nl    motion    t...      :t.     i 

iir     4.  I '..  furnish 

•"•■  ■  in  the  wing;  hence,  to  disable. 

ii.  >\ lug  <■  <i  .       i . 

»iag  wings:  pacing -wiftiy.    2.  Soaring;  lofty;  I 

■  in;.         i .  ird  ..r  bat,  adapted 

1  gome 
other  anit:.  ..4  a-  confer- 

ring :  -  .in.-  function 

of  wings;  a.-  L.    3.  Flight  oi 

i.  if  a  military 

forc»  ■">. 

pan  .  <•■  ide, part,  appendage, 

suggesting  ■  7. 

for  the  aide.  8.  A 
sustaining  -  .-:  i  •  .  .-  ■•:  a  ilying-machine.  [<  Ice. 
tmc         -       wing  leas,  a     Having  no  wings,  or  having 

I  ink..  I  .  1.  To  close  and  open 

ugn  or  signal, 
oly  with  at.     '.i.  To 
II-         l.i  t  of  winking,    'i.  The  tim.- 

neo  -  .1.  A  twinkle.    4.  A  hint  coi 

■"•■  -  an,  wink.]— 

»lnk  .  r.  i .  s,    \    blinder  for  a  Mors.-. 

lasn     4.  Mia.  a  small  secondary  bel- 

lows  for  use  with  a:.  •'..  The  nictitating  membrane, 

6  eh  winking  is  (lone. 

»in  ki. .  .-  large  spiral 

wrln  'kit-;. 

V*  III    1.   . 
»  III     II    1. 

win   ii.  r.  win   ulng. 

Hin'ni-i'  --.  I  win'i-peg.  n.    I.  a  lake  In  B.  cen- 

tral Canada.  .'60  by  60  m     2.  A  city,  capital  of  Manitoba 
16.000. 
arta'aoek,  .  i   Zwln'ok.n.  [Beot.]  a  window. 

wta'now,  :  -  l.  ■     i.  ...  frorn 

i  current  of  air.     2.  Figur- 

'•  by  blowing. 

"•         I  ■  from  chaff  by  means  of  a 

.'■  To  flit  about  l.v  beating  tin-  air  with 

win  'now-,  r. 

Wlmtnmm,  ,  ,.    LMward    1606  1*1551.  an 

-  of  Plymouth  Colony,     'i.  John 
I  '  •»  admiral. 

win 'some,  1  win'asm;  2  wln'som,  a.    Having  a  winning 


in  ioti> . 

Ill  Mil   I    . 

10M11      win  0.111. -i> .  win's -msN.   .1 

»in  tor.  >  1.        1.   1 

ill  or  wil  in  1   1  -  w  11 1. 

tli..  Ma-t-  ..I  w  ml.  1       II.  I.  wider,  IiiImt- 

.'.   .   ■  be  affecti  .1  bj  wintoi  weather 
"in  i.r.  ining   to  or  taking  place  In   winter; 

1  t..r  »mi.  r.  characteristic  •>(  winter 
uln'icr.  1.    1       coldosl    eason  of  the  year,  extend- 

in  the  end  of  autumn  to  the  beginning  ..1 

time  marked  bj  laok  ..1  lit.-,  warmth, 

and  •  •  of  aorrow     :i.  [Poet.]  A  j  eai    in 

ning  the  age  of  elderlj   persons.     |-      \s    winter, 

winter      win 'tar-green",  I  creeping  evergreen 

plant  with  oval  leaves  and  red  i.< 

wln'teMsb,  win   t.  r  kill". 

kill  or  injure  by  severlt)   ..f  winter,     wln'ter-lesi, 
wind  -r-i>    ,.1     Wintry;  cheerleai      win 'try,  a      1 

win  icr-j :.    wln'trl-ncss, 
vTln'tbrop,  1  wln'Chrep;  2  wln'throp,  n      I,  John   (1688 
1048  .  an  1  QgUsh  Puritan;  governor  of  Mo  lachuscl 

I.  Jo  1 1676),  an  English  Puritan;  governor  of 

( 'onnectlcul  '  [ol  n  Ine. 

win'y,  1  woin'i;  L'  wln'y.o,    Having  the  taste  or  qualities 

Wln'yah  Bay,  1  wtn'ye;  2  wln'vs       \ fthi   Pedee 

other  rivers,  South  Carolina;  length,  11  m. 

wipe.    1    wuii.;  8   Wljp       I.   1/.      [WIPED*;   \\  1  i-'i n. .  ]      1.   To 

Bubjecl  t.>  Might  friction  or  rubbing,  usually  with  some 
Boft  absorbent  mat.-ri.il,  t.  To  remove  by  rubbing 
lightly;  brush.  8,  Plumbing.  To  apply  solder  to  with  a 
piece  of  cloth  or  leather.  IX  n.  1.  The  act  of  wipii 
[Slang.]  I  sweeping  blow;  stroke.  s»ip«-J.  St*  A  jeer; 
Jibe,  i  tS  Ipfan,  wipe.]  Syii.:  see  clbanbi  wlp'er,  n. 
1. 1  ine  who  wipes,  'i.  An  arl  Icle  designed  ..r  used  for  w  Iplng. 

:i.    Much.    A  cam  bavlng  a  sliding  or  wiping  moil. .11. 

wire,  1  wair;  2  wlr,  e.  [wired;  wib'inq.1  I.r  I.  To  fur- 
nish with  wire;  fasten  with  wire.  'i.  Croquet.  To  place 
ii.  bo  thai  the  wire  of  an  arch  will  l>.-  between  il 
and  another  ball  :i.  To  catch  with  a  snare  of  wire,  aa 
game.  4.  [Colloq.]  To  transmit  by  electric  telegraph. 
II.  i.  [Colio.i]  To  send  a  telegram. 

Wire,   n.      1.     \      1.  n.l.  1    '■o.l,      1  rand,   or   thr.-ail   of  ilu.-til.- 

J,  now  usually  formed  bj  drawing  through  .li.-s  or 
1.  I  he  el.  .t '!•■  i.  I.  :- r :  1 1 .1 1  as  :i  mcana  ..I  com- 
munication; hence,  colloquially,  a  telegram.  .'1.  The 
strim;    ..I    a    musical    in-t  rum.-nt.      4.    A    fine    metallic 

•I.  a  oobwi  b,  or  one  ..i  a  seA  of  ruled  lines,  in  the 
focus  ..!  a  teli  jcope  .>.  A  Long  sN-mlcr  filament  of  the 
plumage  of  various  liinls.  (<  AS.  ifir,  wire] — wfre'- 
(lra«",  </  To  draw,  as  a  metal  rod,  through  a  series  of  boles 
of  diminishing  diameter  to  reduce  it  to  a  wire:  used  also 
metaphorically. — wlre'draw"er,  n.— wlre'^edge",  n.  A 
burr,  or  rough  .-due.  as  on  a  poorly  ground  tool. — w.=gra>s. 
n.    L  The  English  blue>gra8s.    Z.  [80.  U.S.]  The  dog's«tall 

L'ra-s       nlrc'lpss.     I.  a.     Without  wires;  not   using  Wires; 

wireless    telegraph)     or    telephony,    telegraphy    or 

telephony  without  wires  connecting  the  points  of  transmls- 

ind  reception,  the  message  being  transmitted  through 

Bpaee  by  electric  waves     II.  n,  [Colloq.]  Thewlreli 

graph  or  telephone  system,  or  a  message  BO  Iran  inittcd. — 
wireless  message,  a  message  sent  by  wireless  telegraphy. — 
wlredlke,  a.  Lute  wire.  wlrc'^pulT'er,  n.  One  who  con- 
trols and  moves  oi  hers  by  secret  means,  especially  In  politics. 
— w.jpulllng,  n.  — wlrc'worm",  n.  1.  The  larva  of  a 
snapping-bcetle.  2.  Any  wire-like  worm.  —  wlr'y,  a.  1. 
Having  great  resisting  power;  thin,  but  tough  and  sinewy: 
'.'.  Llki    .-.  '.     itlff.     wlr'l-ness,  r». 

wis  ',  1  wis;  2  wis,  rt.    To  suppose;  think.    [<  iwib.] 

\\i-.       Dclal),  Wis.-.,  abbi     W  1  .-onsln. 

>\  Is-eon 'sin,  1  wls-ken'sm;  2  wis-con'siii.  n.  1.  A  state  of 
the  (.r.-at  lake  region  of  He-  Inlted  States;  55.060  sq.  m.; 
pop  2,513,768;  capital,  Madison.  2.  A  river  In  central  \\  ut- 
UUlgth,  600  m   to  the  Mississippi  river. 

Wi-.i..  ...  .  dom  'Hook  of). 

wisdom,  1   wiz'dam;  2  wfj'dom,  n.     1.  Tin-  power  of 

true  and  just  discernment.     '£.  Sound  judgment.     ."{.  A 

high  degree  of  knowledge.     4.  A  wise  saying.     [  <   AS. 

Olf .] 

Syn.:  attainment,  depth,  discernment,  discretion,  enllghl- 

- .1.  erudition,  foresight.  Information,  insight,  judgment . 

Judiciousness,   knowledge,  learning,  lore,  prescience,   pro- 
fundity, prudence,  reason,  reasonablene  t,  sagaclts 
skill,  understandui  ent,  erudition 

ad  are  acquired,  a.s  by  study  or 

practise  h  U,  judgment,  profundity  or  depth,  rea  on, 
sagacUv,  tense,  and  understanding  are  native  qualities  of 
mind,  but  capable  of  Increase  by  cultivation.  The  other 
qualities  are  or  the  borderline.  Wisdom  Is  mental  power 
upon  the  materials  that  fullest  knowledgt  gives  in 
the  most  effective  way.  There  may  be  what  is  termed  "prac- 


l:a  =  final;    i  =  hablt^   aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    10  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    ij  =  sing;    Chin,   this,      windrow 
875      2:  wolf,  do;   book,    boot;   full,   rule,   cure,    but,   burn;   Oil,  b6y;  go;  gem;   ink;    thin,    this      withhold 


tlcal  wisdom"  that  looks  only  to  material  results;  but  in  its 
full  sense  tcisdem  implies  the  highest  and  noblest  exercise  of 
all  the  faculties  of  the  moral  nature  as  well  as  of  the  Intel- 
lect. Prudence  is  a  lower  and  more  negative  form  of  the 
same  virtue,  respecting  outward  and  practical  matters,  and 
largely  with  a  view  of  avoiding  loss  and  injury.  Judgment, 
the  power  of  forming  decisions,  especially  correct  decisions, 
is  broader  and  more  positive  than  prudence,  leading  one  to 
do,  as  readily  as  to  refrain  from  doing;  but  judgment  Is  more 
limited  in  range  and  less  exalted  in  character  than  wisdom. 
Skill  is  far  inferior  to  wisdom,  consisting  largely  in  the  prac- 
tical application  of  acquired  knowledge,  power,  and  habitual 
processes,  or  in  the  ingenious  contrivance  that  makes  such 
application  possible.  In  the  making  of  something  perfectly 
useless  there  may  be  great  skill,  but  no  wisdom.  Compare 
acumen;  astute;  knowledge;  prudence;  sagacious. — 
Ant.:  absurdity,  error,  fatuity,  folly,  foolishness,  idiocy,  im- 
becility, imprudence,  indiscretion,  miscalculation,  misjudg- 
ment,  nonsense,  senselessness,  shallowness,  silliness,  stupid- 
ity. Compare  synonyms  for  absurd;  idiocy. — Book  of 
Wisdom  of  Solomon,  a  book  of  the  Apocrypha,  consisting 
of  a  hymn  in  praise  of  wisdom :  ascribed  by  tradition  to  Solo- 
mon, but  probably  dating  from  the  first  or  second  century 
B.C.  Wis'domJ. — wls'dom=tooth",  re.  The  third  molar 
of  the  human  jaw,  appearing  about  the  twentieth  year. 

wise,  1  waiz;  2  wig,  a.  [wis'er;  wis'est.]  1.  Possessed  of 
wisdom;  seeing  clearly  what  is  conducive  to  one's  high- 
est interests,  and  in  one's  own  conduct  choosing  the  best 
end  and  the  best  means  for  reaching  such  end;  in  a  lower 
sense,  sagacious;  also,  shrewd.  2.  Marked  by  wisdom; 
prudent;  sensible.  3.  Having  great  learning;  erudite. 
4.  Suited  to  a  man  of  wisdom;  sage.  5.  Having  prac- 
tical knowledge  of  the  arts  or  sciences.  6.  Versed  in 
mysterious  things.  [<  AS.  Wis,  wise,  <  V  of  witan,  know.] 
Syn.:  deep,  discerning,  enlightened,  erudite,  intellectual, 
intelligent,  judicious,  knowing,  profound,  rational,  reason- 
able, sagacious,  sage,  sapient,  sensible,  solid,  sound,  thought- 
ful. See  expedient;  politic;  prudent;  sagacious. — Ant.: 
see  synonyms  for  absurd;  ignorant. — the  wise  men.  1. 
See  Magi.  2.  The  so=called  seven  wise  men  of  Greece,  who, 
during  the  period  620-550  B.C.,  were  distinguished  for  wis- 
dom, namely,  Thales  of  Miletus,  Periander  of  Corinth, 
Pittacus  of  Mitylene,  Cleobulus  of  Rhodes,  Bias  of  Priene, 
Chilon  of  Sparta,  and  Solon  of  Athens. — wise'ly,  adv. 

wise,  re.  Way  of  doing;  manner;  method:  chiefly  in  phrases; 
as.  In. any  wise,  In  no  wise,  etc.     [<  AS.  wise,  way.j 

-wise,  suffix.  Way  or  manner;  the  noun  wise  used  as  a  termi- 
nation; as,  Tiowise,  likewise:  often  confused  with  -way,  -ways. 

wise'a"cre,  1  waiz'e"ker;  2  wls/a/'eer,  n.  One  who  affects 
great  wisdom;  hence,  a  dunce.  [<  G.  weissager,  < 
OHG.  wlzago,  soothsayer.] 

wish1,  1  wish;  2  wish,  v.  I.  t.  1.  To  have  a  wish  for;  de- 
sire; want.  2.  To  frame  or  express  a  wish  of  kindness 
for.  3f.  To  commend  to  the  care  of  another.  II.  i.  To 
have  a  wish;  feel  a  longing.    [<  AS.  wyscan,  wish.] 

Syn.:  want.  To  want  always  implies  to  be  without  or  to  be 
in  need  of,  and  may  be  said  of  things  that  can  have  no  wish, 
as  when  we  say  the  wall  wants  two  inches  of  six  feet.  When 
want  is  used  as  the  correlative  of  wish,  there  Is  always  im- 
plied, in  correct  use,  the  sense  of  need  as  well  as  of  desire;  the 
epicure  may  wish  for  some  tempting  viand  after  a  full  meal; 
the  hungry  man  wants  food.  See  desire;  will. — wlsh'er,  n. 

wish,  re.  1.  A  desire  or  longing,  usually  for  some  definite 
tiling.  2.  An  expression  of  such  a  desire;  petition.  3. 
Something  wished  for.  [  <  AS.  wusc,  wish.]  Syn.:  see  will. 
— wlsh'sbone",  re.  The  forked  bone  formed  by  the  united 
clavicles  of  a  bird.  mer'ry-thouKht"!. — wish'ful,  a. 
Having  a  wish  or  desire;  full  of  longing. 
-ly,  adv.    -ness,  re. 

wish'yswash"y,  1  wis1i'i»wos"h"i;  2 
wish'y=wrisli"y,  a.  [Colloq]  Thin; 
diluted.     [Reduplication  of  washy.) 

wls-kin'ky,  1  wis-kin'ki;  2  wls-kin'ky,  n. 
fU.  S]  One  of  the  officers  of  the  Tam- 
many Society  In  New  York  city 

Wisp,  1  wisp;    2  wisp,  re.      1.  A  small 
bunch,  as  of  hay,  straw,  or  hair.     2. 
A  whisk«broom.    3.  The  will* 
o'«the*wisp.    4.  A  disease  of  j 
cattle  affecting  the  feet.  [ME 
wisp  for  mips;   akin  to  WIPE.] 
whlspt. 

wist ||,  1  wist;  2  wist,  imp.  of  wit. 
p.:    sometimes  used   Incorrectly 

for  the  present  tense.    See  wis. 
Wis-tf'ri-a,    1    wis-tl'n-s;     2 

wls-t<"'ri-.'i,  ii.      1.  A  genus  of 

tall  olimbing  shrubs  i>f    the 

bean  family,  with  clusters  of 

handsome  purplish  Sowers. 

genuH.     |-     Caspar   Wistar  (1761    1818),  professor  in 

Uuiv.  of  Pennsylvania]    wis-ta'rl-at 


M 


(X- 


..' 


«R  b 


i  lommoD  Wisteria, 

iia  ■   Im  i       '    B<     i 

2.   [w-1    A    plant  of   this 


wist'ful,  1  wist'ful;  2  wist'ful,  a.  1.  Wishful;  longing. 
2.  Musing;  pensive.    [For  wishful.]    -ly,  adv.    -ness,  n. 

wist'lyt,  adv.    Attentively;  silently. 

wit ||,  1  wit;  2  wit,  vt.  &  vi.  [wist,  imp.]  To  be  or  become 
aware;  learn.  [<  AS.  witan,  know,  <  witan,  see.] — to 
wit,  that  is  to  say;  namely. 

wit,  re.  1.  Sudden  and  ingenious  association  of  ideas  or 
words  causing  surprize  and  merriment.  2.  A  witty  per- 
son. 3.  The  power  of  comprehending  and  judging;  also, 
the  power  of  invention.  4.  The  reasoning  power  or  fac- 
ulty; sense.  5||.  A  man  of  learning.  [<  AS.  wit,  < 
witan,  know,  <  witan,  see.] 

Syn.:  banter,  burlesque,  drollery,  facetiousness,  fun,  hu- 
mor, jest,  jocularity,  joke,  playfulness,  pleasantry,  raillery, 
waggery,  waggishness,  witticism.  Wit  is  the  quick  percep- 
tion of  unusual  or  commonly  unperceived  analogies  or  rela- 
tions between  things  apparently  unrelated,  and  has  been 
said  to  depend  upon  a  union  of  surprize  and  pleasure;  it  de- 
pends certainly  on  the  production  of  a  diverting,  entertain- 
ing, or  merrymaking  surprize.  The  analogies  with  which 
wit  plays  are  often  superficial  or  artificial;  humor  deals  with 
real  analogies  of  an  amusing  or  entertaining  kind,  or  with 
traits  of  character  that  are  seen  to  have  a  comical  side  as 
soon  as  brought  to  view.  Wit  is  keen,  sudden,  brief,  and 
sometimes  severe;  humor  is  deep,  thoughtful,  sustained,  and 
always  kindly.  Pleasantry  is  lighter  and  less  vivid  than 
wit.  Fun  denotes  the  merry  results  produced  by  wit  and 
humor,  or  by  any  fortuitous  occasion  of  mirth,  and  is  pro- 
nounced and  often  hilarious.  —  Ant.:  dulness,  gravity,  seri- 
ousness, sobriety,  solemnity,  stolidity,  stupidity. 

witch, )  1  wich;  2  wich.    I1,  vt.    To  overcome  by  or  as  by 

wichp,  J  witchcraft;  bewitch.  II.  re.  1.  One  supposed  to 
have  dealings  with  evil  spirits;  a  sorceress:  formerly 
used  either  of  man  or  woman,  but  later  only  of  a  woman, 
as  opposed  to  wizard.  2.  An  ugly,  malignant  old  wo- 
man; a  hag.  3.  A  bewitching  woman  or  girl.  [<  AS. 
wicca,  wicce,  <  wltiga,  wizard,  <  witan.  see.] — wltoh'- 
craft",  re.  1.  The  practises  or  powers  of  wizards;  sorcery. 
2.  Extraordinary  fascination.  Syn.:  see  sorcery. — witch's 
elm",  re.  Same  as  wich»elm. — witch 'er-y,  re.  |-iesz,  pi.] 
1.  Witchcraft.  2.  Power  to  charm. — witch '»ha"zel,  re. 
Same  as  wich=hazel. — witch'ing,  a.  Fascinating,  -ly,  ads. 

wite,  1  wait;  2  wit,  re.  [Prov.  Eng.  &  Scot,  or  Obs.]  1.  A  pen- 
alty; fine.    2.  Reproach;  blame.    3.  A  guilty  action;  fault. 

with,  1  with;  2  with,  prep.  1.  Expressing  relations  of 
intimate  connection,  as  in  space,  time,  quality,  or  con- 
dition. (1)  In  the  company  or  companionship  of.  (2) 
In  the  care  or  under  the  direction  of.  (3)  In  the  class  of. 
(4)  In  addition  to.  (5)  In  the  time  of.  (6)  As  a  guard  or 
aid  to.  2.  Under  the  influence  of;  accompanied  by.  3. 
Expressing  the  relation  of  means,  instrument,  or  cause: 
(1)  By  the  use  of;  by  means  of;  by:  formerly,  but  not 
now,  used  of  persons.  (2)  As  a  consequence  of;  because 
of;  through.  4.  Expressing  the  relation  of  an  endow- 
ment, possession,  or  the  like.  5.  Rarely,  expressing  the. 
relation  of  separation  as  the  result  of  an  activity ;  from ; 
as,  to  part  with.  6.  In  opposition  to;  against;  as,  to 
fight  with.  7.  In  the  case  of;  in  regard  to.  8.  From  the 
standpoint  of.  9.  In  the  same  direction  or  sense  as. 
[<  AS.  with,  with.)  Syn.:  see  at;  by. — wlth-al'.  I.  adv. 
With  the  rest;  in  addition.    II  ||.  prep.  With.  Syn.:  see  ALSO. 

with-draw',  1  with-dr6';  2  with-dra',  v.  I.  t.  1.  To 
draw  or  take  away;  remove;  recall.  2.  To  keep  or  ab- 
stract from  use.  II.  i.  To  draw  back;  retire.  [  <  with 
+  draw.]  Syn.:  see  abstract;  separate. — wlth-draw'al, 
re.  with-draw'mentl.— wlth-draw'lng,  pa.  Stretching 
back  or  away;  receding. — with-draw'ingsroom",  re.  A 
room  behind  another  room  for  retirement;  also,  a  drawing' 
room. 

with-,  prefix.  Against;  as,  withstand.  [<  A3,  with-,  <  with. 
against,.] 

withe,  1  with;  2  with.  I'.  vt.  To  bind  with  withes.  II. 
re..  1.  A  willow;  supple  twig.  2.  A  band  made  qi  twisted 
flexible  shoots,  straw,  or  the  like.  3.  An  elastic  handle 
for  a  tool.    [  <  AS.  withthe,  <  within,  willow.] 

with 'or,  1  with'ar;  2  wlth'er,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  cause  to  l» 
come  limp  or  dry,  as  a  plant  when  cut  down.  2.  To 
waste,  as  flesh.  3.  To  droop  or  perish,  [<  AS.  wedrian, 
air,  <  wedcr,  weather.]  Syn.:  blast,  blight,  collapse,  droop, 
dry  up,  shrink,  shrivel.  Sec  DIB.  Ant.:  bloom,  develop, 
expand,  flourish,  freshen,  grow,  luxuriate,  swell 

willi  Vrs,  1  with'erz;  2  wfth'erg,  »  /'/  The  highest  pari 
of  the  back  of  the  horse,  between  the  shoulder»blades. 
I  ■    as   wither,  against.] 

wlth'er-shlns,  1  wlth'er-Shlnz;  2  wlth'er-shlng,  adv.  [Soot.] 

In  the  Opposite  (Uriel  inn;  In  a  reversed  Waj       I        AS.  ii  Miit. 

against,    I    swreree,  sun.]    wld'der-shlnst;  wld'er>shlnit. 
Wllh'cr-spoon,  Iwlth'si  spuu;2  wltti'ei  apSon,  John  1 1722- 

1794).  ScottlsfrAmerlcan  educator  and  author;  signed  Doo- 

larat  inn  ol  Independence, 
with-hold',  1  witli-hold';  Z  wlth-hold',  vt.  &  vi.    To  hold 


within 


ii 

wlth- 

1 

Mil 

1 1 

.    1 

»  1  (Ii- 

•  lll 

llll- 

n 

.1  . 

' 


«  II  ll--l.UI. I     . 

II. 


--. 

nil    lint 

»  II    in  --. 

t 

(VII 

1.  . 

V 

nit 

led, 

w 

I.  II 

l„ 

- 

I 

I 

»  Mli-lu '- 

II  1 

3.  II.- 

■ 

>»  It  l  •  —  t  in. I.    ■. 

»  I'  Ii--|  inj    ,  r. 

I.  .     Made 

II  i 

Mow  I 
-l>.  -ness, 

little  wit 

i>n  i.i 

I.         I  •  >r  know 

timony  to;  at- 

.n  instrument  i 

-lung  its 

i.  .11. 

.  <  wit  an, 

»  II    ii r. 

I 

- 
•  hat  which  fur- 
in  :i  court  of 
I  it  .-in  event; 

1  I  STTMON'l 

Serglel  Tnlferlteh,  Count    im;i- 

■stan  statesman,  diplomat,  and  financier. 

Having  wit:  used  principally 
.. 
-bfrg.  n       A   town   In 
m  dawned,  1517 
weel  Ing  • :  wet  'j  ii.  i 

W  n  h  knowl- 
ivmgly  and  designedly. 
I.  .    Kng.)  The  w 

ed  cue      : 

•mt'ti-ek;  •wtt'ti-bst.]    1. 
.'   ■  - 

«lt  il-rl-ni.  n.    Awlttysay- 
»li'ii-l>.  « 1 1  'ii-ii.--. 

[Prov.  nnt]  i.  i 

I.     1  he 
Mhlt'Hall:;  Mlt'wall:. 

wived;  wiv'ing]     1.  To 
rry.   (  <  AS.  uif,  wife.] 
Wfvet*,      1  iTvern,  n.  Her.  A  winged  dragon, 

»>  wrn.     >  :;h  bart)od  and  knotted  tall.    (OF.)    wl'vert. 
»iw-*,  i  -aqIvi;  2  wtva,  n     Plural  of  warn. 
wl*  'ui  l.         Saving  i 

charm;  mag        1 1.        i .       ■•  supposed  to  be  in  league 
with  witch;  sop  .'.      ■-.  •■  who 

hand.    [<  OF.  *v 
Ml/  '  ir.|-r 
"i/'ii..  ■  ■      I.   ■  .v -j.    To beoome, or causi 

II.  Shrunken;    w 

wea'xent;  wU'enedi;  wta'aen 
wi-.  H".  Ion.  est  longitude.-  Win., 

altor.    YVIllla:.        \\     V   \\.. 

«o.    ,  rrow;  heavy  afftic- 

Syn_  vno'Im-koiii".  a     Overcome  with 

woe' be-none"  i.    Syn 

wo'fui.        I.  o;  direful     '■!• 

woe'ful : .  a  □       •  i  iiihl 

Hu'ful-l).  wo'fal-aess,  n. 

woad.  |  An  Old  World  herb  of  the  mus- 

i  .  .  ■ 
i  grow  mad.     -  /.mad.) 

wod<    .  n.    Wood. 

\\ s '<|.  n. 

Mo 'tan:. 

I    n-l-ni. 

H         re',  1  wo*g'vr:  2  wo'tj'vr,  n     a  wooded  region  in  n.  E. 

.  where  the  I  l    1916. 

Holfoii.  Oh.,  r     .  \r/i.r- 

Ican  statesma  in  of  Independence. 

wold.  ;  _  ...      ;.  r      i.   \n  undulating  tract  of  up- 

land; a  down.    ?t.  A  forest,     [  <  A.^.  vcald,  forest.] 


Wil     Ii,.  i 

»il  '  1 1 1 1  -.  -I  >  . 


nil    !..|. 

Hit     I  \  . 


»ll    nal. 


»n. 


hit.  pr»ll<v:    olwv.go:   not.gr:   full,  rftle;   bill.  I'Orn; 

...       ...        ii      i         i         ..ii,       s;<i 

woldi  '  ■>  ii  i  \\  ..111.1 

Moll.  ■     !  r  .      :.'   WOlvfJ,   ;>'  ] 

•  ■  I  immal 

like  a  wolf.    S<  iai  ioui  pei  ton 

«. 

I  moth*  of  •  ' 

"••II     dof    .  I  .    for  limning  \\..l\.  ■ 

-.    .in.         \  large 

■  ■  "i      »oii  i n. i  .        i  ithor  ol  two 

Intended,  to  eati  Ii 
and  kill  wolvi        wolfish,        I.  Having  the  qualltli 

woll  •  hungry. 

wolfish  t.       wolflsh-ly,  wolflsh-ness, 

wolPi    I.  no    .  i.    \    ;»  of  t hi    tips; 

monk  ••hood     '.'.  \  |  medlo- 

Wolfe,  1  wulf; :.'  wolf,  fames    r. 

defeated  the  French  under  Montcalm  ai  Quebec  both 

iir  and  Montcalm  being  killed 

wolfram,  1  wulfrsm;  2  wolfram,  >•.    E 

M..I-. ■!.•>,  i  wuli  li  Game)  Joseph,  Vlscounl 

iM.-ii  general,  administrator,  and  author. 

Wol'sey,  1  wu  Thomas    1476?   1680       InEn- 

cardlnal  and  statesman 
Mul"wr-fiH'',  1  wul'vaMn'i  2  wol"ver-eh/,  n       \  rapa- 
and  winning  carnivore  of  northern  forests,  with 
-'■•in    body  and   limbs 
and    bushy  tail.       [< 
u..ii         »ol"»ir-lne':. 
wolves,  l  wulvs;  2  wolva,  n, 

Plural  of  uoi.i . 
wo 'man t,         I,   I 

the  part  of  a  «  onian  In  or 

in  reference  to      'i.   To 

•  nominate.  \\  ,,lx ,.,.,.,„.      i  10 

ho  man,  i  wu'men:  2 
wo'man,  n,  [uh'mkn,  1  wim'en;  2  wfm'fin,  /»/ 1 
l.  \n  adult  human  female,  '■!.  The  Female  part  ol 
the  human  race;  women  oollectively.  S,  womanly 
character;  femininity.  4.  As  applied  to  a  man, 
one  who  is  effeminate,  timid,  or  weak.  •>.  A  female 
attendant  or  servant.    (<  AS.  uif,  wife,  +  man,  man  | 

WO'man-hoOd,  n      1.  The  state  of  a  woman  or  of  woman- 
kind.    'I.  Women  collectively.  —  Mo'iiian-lsh,  n.     Charac- 
0  of  a  woman:  effeminate.     Syn.:  see  kemimnk.      wo'- 

man-lsh-Iy,     ads,     wo'man-lsh-ness,      n     mi'man- 

klllll.  n.  Womi'ii  collectively.  Mo'iii.ui-I) .  I.  o.  Hav- 
ing the  qualities  becoming  to  a  woman,  wo'man-llke:. 
Syn.:  see  iimim.i:.  D.  ads.  In  the  manner  of  a  woman. — 
Mo'inan-ll-iiess,  „ 

wombf,    I     TO  breed  In  secret:  contain:  enclose. 

womb,  1  ufim;  2  worn.  n.  1.  The  organ  in  which  young 
are  developed;  the  Uterus;  hence,  the  place  where  any- 
thing is  engendered  or  brought,  into  life.  2.  A  cavity 
viewed  as  enclosing  something.  3t«  The  belly  or  stom- 
ach. [<  as.  ii-'imh.  beih  .]  Homhcd,  </  Savlngawomb; 
hence,  hollow:  capadous;  cavernous,    womh'yt. 

woni'bat,  1  wom'bat:2  wdm'b&t,  n.  An  Australian  noc- 
t  uriial  marsupial  resembling  a  small  bear.  [Austral.] 

WO 'men,  1  wim'en;  2  wim'en.  n.  Plural  of  woman—  wo- 
men '•>  right «.,  t  he  righ is  of  women  I o  enjoy  equal  privileges 

with  men,  as  of  suffrage,  property,  and  education. 

won1,  1  won:  2  won.  imp.  ic  pp.  of  win,  r. 

Moo  .  i.  Tn  abide;  dwell:  live.    2.  To  he 

imed.     [<  AS.  icuniiin.  dwell]     mine;. 

Hon 'tier,    i  1  wtm'der;  2  won'der.    I.  r(.  &  vi.    To  b<; 

tviin'dcr1',  |  all.  .ted  ..r  tilled  with  wonder;  marvel.  II.  ii. 
1.  \  feeling  of  mingle. I  surprize  and  curiosity.  2.  That 
which  causes  wonder;  a  prodigy.  [<  MS  windrian,  < 
u-undor,  wonder. 1  Syn.:  see  ntODIOT.  won'deredt,  P'i. 
A  hie  to  produce  or  having  performed  wonders,  won'dcr- 
ful,  a.  Of  a  nature  to  excite  wonder;  marvelous.  Syn.:  see 
IAOHDINABY,  won 'der-ful-ly,  adv.  ■  won'der-ful- 
ness,  d  Hou'dcr-land",  n.  A  realm  of  tatty  romance. — 
mom  'der-l>  t,  '/'/'  moii  'der-inent,  n.  I.  The  emotion  of 
wonder  'i.  Something  wonderful.  Hon '<ler:strlck"en,  a. 
iten  with  wonder  H.^struckt;  w.:wound- 
<-d:.  Hon 'droiis,  a.  Commanding  wonder;  wonderful. 
-ly,  ad       -if 

wonet,  b   Ac  n.     Same  as  won',  it. 

won  I  ,  i  1  wunt ;  2  wont.  it.  ,V  ii.    1.  To  habituate:  used 

■null  ,  )  refiexiveiy.  •».  To  be  accustomed;  be  used  :i. 
To  dwell  wont'ed,  /"'  Commonly  used  or  done; 
habitual.     Svn.:  Bee  mahih  u.;  i  -i  u.      wont 'ed-ness,  n. 

hoiiI,     |  1  wunt;  2  wont      I.  n.     Using  or  doing  habitu- 

Hiinl  ,  (  ally;  accustomed;  used.  II.  n.  Ordinary  man- 
ner of  doing  or  acting;  habit.  (<  AS.  vmnian,  dwell] 
Syn.:  see  n  ibtt, 

Hon't.  i   .•..,., i    2wSm     [Colloq.]   Will  not.   won'nat   [Scot.]; 

WO'llol 

woo,  1  wu;  2  hoo,  it.  \.  ii.    I.  To  make,  love  to;  court. 


1: a  =  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    an  =  out;    oil;    10  =  feud;    <5hin;    go;    X)  =  sing;    thin,   this.        Within 
877        2:wplf,  dp;  btfbk,   boot;  fu.ll,  rule,   cure,   but,   bum;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  work 


2.  To  entreat  earnestly.  [  <  AS.  wogian,  <  woh,  bent.] 
Syn.:  see  address. 

woodld,  1  wud;  2  wood,  v.  l.t.  1.  To  furnish  with  wood  for 
fuel.  2.  To  convert  into  a  forest.  II.  t.  To  supply  wood. 

wood't,  vl.    To  act  like  a  maniac;  rave.  [woodet. 

wood t,  a.    Furious;  frantic;  raging;  mad.    [<  AS.  wOd,  mad.l 

wood,  n.  1.  A  large  and  compact  collection  of  trees;  a 
forest;  grove:  often  in  the  plural.  2.  Bot.  The  hard, 
solid  part  between  the  pith  and  bark  of  a  tree.  3.  The 
hard  substance  of  a  tree  or  shrub  whether  as  growing  or 
as  cut  for  use,  for  building,  fuel,  etc.  4.  Something 
made  of  wood.  [  <  AS.  wudu,  wood.]— wood 'bine",  n. 
1.  The  common  European  honeysuckle.  2.  The  Virginia 
creeper. — wood'5carv"er,  n.  One  who  carves  wood  as  for 
a  living. — w.=carvlng,  n.  1.  The  art  of  carving  wood,  espe- 
cially for  decoration.    2.  A  carving  in  wood. — w.=coal,  n. 

I.  Charcoal  made  from  wood.  w.=charcoalt.  2.  Lignite. 
— wood 'cock",  n.  A  small  game=bird  having  the  thighs 
entirely  feathered. — wood 'craft",  n.  Skill  in  such  things 
as  belong  to  woodland  life. — wood  'cut",  n.  An  engraving  on 
wood;  also,  a  print  from  such  a  block. — w.=cutter,  n.  One 
who  chops  wood. — wood'ed,  a.  Having  a  supply  of  wood; 
abounding  with  trees. — wood'en,  a.  1.  Made  of  wood.  2. 
Like  a  block  of  wood;  stupid;  mechanical. — wooden  horse, 
in  Greek  legend,  a  large  hollow  horse  of  wood,  in  which  Greek 
warriors  were  hidden.  When  the  horse  was  introduced 
within  the  walls  of  Troy,  these  men  stole  out  at  night  and 
admitted  the  Greek  army,  which  sacked  the  city. — wood'- 
en-head",  n.  [Colloq.]  A  stupid  person;  blockhead;  dunce. 
— wood'en=nead"ed,  a. — w.sengravlng,  n.  1.  The  art 
of  cutting  designs  on  wood  for  printing;  the  making  of 
woodcuts.    2.  A  block  thus  engraved  or  a  print  therefrom. 

—  w.  ^engraver,  n.  —  w.=house,  n.  A  house  or  shed  for 
storing  away  firewood,  w.sshedj. — w.dbis,  n.  A  white 
stork  with  a  bald  bluish  head  and  black  wings  and  tail. 
— wood'Ie,  n.  [Scot.]  The  gallows:  used  humorously. — 
wood 'land.    I.  a.     Belonging  to  or  dwelling  in  the  woods. 

II.  n.  Land  occupied  by  or  given  up  to  growing  trees,  as 
woods  or  forests. — wood 'Iand-er,  n. — w.dark,  n,  A  Euro- 
pean lark  resembling  the  skylark. — wood 'man,  n.  [-men, 
pl.\  1.  A  woodcutter;  lumberman.  2.  A  forester;  also,  a 
dweller  in  forests,  woods'mant. — w.  House,  n.  A  small 
terrestrial  crustacean  commonly  found  under  old  logs. — w.= 
note,  n.  A  simple,  artless  song,  as  of  a  wild  bird. — w.= 
nymph,  n.  A  goddess  of  the  forest;  dryad. — wood'peck"- 
er,  n.  A  bird  having  a  chiseldike  bill,  that  pecks  holes  in 
bark  in  search  for  insects. — w.spigeon,  n.  1.  The  ring= 
dove.  w.=doveJ.  2.  The  stockdove.  3.  [U.S.)  The  band* 
tailed  pigeon. — u .  pulp,  n.  Wood  reduced  to  a  pulp,  as  by 
grinding  to  a  powder  and  digesting  with  chemicals:  used  for 
making  paper. — wood 'ruff",  n.  A  common  European 
woodland  herb  of  the  madder  family,  wood 'roof"  t. — w.* 
screw,  n.  A  metal  screw  of  coarse  pitch,  for  use  in  wood. — 
w.»sorrel,  n.  Any  species  of  Oxalis. — w.=thrush,  n.  A 
8weet=songed  thrush  of  the  eastern  United  States. — w.=vin- 
egar,  n.  Impure  acetic  acid  from  the  distillation  of  wood. — 
w.sviolet,  n.  A  violet  of  European  woods,  with  fragrant 
bluish=purple  or  lilac  flowers;  hedge=vloIet. — w.»wind.  I. 
a.  Pertaining  to  or  characteristic  of  a  wooden  wind-instru- 
ment. II.  n.  Mus.  In  an  orchestra,  the  wooden  wind-in- 
struments taken  collectively. — wood'work",  n.  The  wood- 
en parts  of  any  structure,  especially  interior  wooden  parts. 

—  W.=  worker,  n.  One  who  or  that  which  works  in  wood; 
a  carpenter  or  joiner. — w.sworklng,  n.  [shrike. 

wood'chat",  2  wud'cTiat";  2  wood  chat",  n.    A  European 
wood 'chuck",  1  wud'thuk";  2  wdod'chuk",  n.  A  marmot 

of  eastern  North  America:  usually  grizzly=gray.    [Corr. 

of  Am.  lnd.  tcejack.]    ground '=liog"t. 
Wood 'stock,  1  wud'stek;  2  wdbd'stfik,  n.    A  borough  in  cen- 
tral S.  England;  site  of  a  former 

royal  palace;  pop.  1,600. 
wood'y,  1  wud'i;  2  wood'y,   a. 

1.  Of  the  nature  of  wood.     2. 

Pertaining    to    wood;    resem- 
bling    wood.     3.   Wooded.  — 

wood 'l-iu'ss,  n. 
woo'er,   1   wu'sr;    2  woo'er,  n. 

One  who  woos;  a  lover. 
WOOf,  1  wuf;  2  woof,  n.      1.  The 

weft  of    a    woven    fabric. 

The     texture     of     a     fabric.  „: 

[<AS.  0wef,<  dwefan,  weave. )u.,.i lt»     6 .  i:.ii\  ghortuddbl 

wool,  1  wul;  2  wool,  n.    1.  The 

soft,  more  or  less  long,  curly, 

or  crisped   lj:ii r  obtained    from   sheep   and   some    allied 

animals.  2.  The  under*fur  of  a  fur*bearing  ani- 
mal.  3.  Kinky  human  hair,  as  of  a  negro.    4.  Something 

resembling  or  likened   to  wool.      (<   AS.   wall,  wool  | 
wool 'en.    I.  a.    Consisting  wholly  or  In  part  of  wool.    II.  n. 
Cloth  or  clothing  made  of  wool:  especially  In  the  plural, 
wool'lent.  -  wool'»gath"er-lng,  n.     Any  trivial  or  pur- 


Grades  of  Wool. 

l   Shoulder!  «nd  »M««:  t>nt  i 


-  Bhorl,  etln,  Hid  Klniifl.t. 


poseless  employment;  especially.  Idle  reverie. — w.=grower, 
n.  A  person  who  raises  sheep  for  the  production  of  wool. — 
w. 'growing,  a.— wool'ly,  a.  1.  Consisting  of,  covered 
with,  or  resembling  wool.  2.  Art.  Soft  and  vaporous.  3. 
Meteor.  Having  a  rounded  and  somewhat  fleecy  appearance, 
as  clouds.  4.  Bot.  Having  a  growth  of  wooMIke  hairs. — 
wool'ly=bear",  n.  The  caterpillar  of  a  tiger-moth,  covered 
with  long  dense  hairs. — wool'I-ness,  n. — wool'pack",  n. 

1.  A  bale  or  bundle  of  wool;  specif.,  one  weighing  240  pounds. 

2.  A  cumulus  cloud.  —  wool 'sack",  n.  A  sack  of  wool; 
specif.  (Eng.  Hist.),  the  seat  of  the  Lord  Chancellor  in  the 
House  of  Peers,  a  cushion  stuffed  with  wool:  hence,  the  office 
of  Lord  High  Chancellor. — w. 'Stapler,  n.  A  dealer  In  or 
sorter  of  wool. — wool'wardt,  a.  Wearing  wool  next  the 
skin  in  penance,     wol'wardt. 

Wool'sey,  1  wul'si;  2  wool'sy,  Theodore  Dwlght  (1801- 
1889).    An  American  scholar; president  of  Yale  College. 

Wool  'wlch,  1  wul'icn  or  -lj ;  2  wool'ich  or  -lj,  n.  A  borough  in 
London  county,  England;  pop.  121,000;  site  of  a  government 
arsenal,  Military  Academy,  and  Ordnance  College. 

woo'ra-ll,   )  1  wu'ra-h,  -ra;  2wu'ra-li,  -ra.  n.  [S.Am.]  Same  as 

woo 'ra-ra,  $  curare,   woo'ra-rlt;  wou'ra-IU;  wou'ra-rit. 

Worces'ter,  1  wus'tar;  2  wos'ter,  n.  1.  Joseph  Emerson 
(1784-1865),  an  American  lexicographer.  2.  A  cathedral 
city,  capital  of  Worcestershire,  W.  central  England;  pop. 
48.000;  here  Cromwell  defeated  the  Royalists,  ending  the 
Civil  War,  Sept.  3,  1651.  3.  A  manufacturing  city  in  cen- 
tral Massachusetts;  pop.  175,000;  seat  of  Clark  University 

WOrdd,  1  wurd;  2  wurd.  I.  vt.  1.  To  express  in  a  word  or 
words,  especially  in  selected  words;  phrase.  2.  To  ply 
with  words;  affect  by  a  word.  II.  n.  1.  A  vocal  sound, 
or  combination  of  such  sounds,  used  as  a  symbol  to  sig- 
nify an  idea  or  thought,  forming  usually  a  constituent 
unit  of  a  sentence;  vocable.  2.  The  letters  or  characters 
that  stand  for  a  significant  vocal  sound.  3.  A  vocable 
considered  only  as  a  sound;  as,  ideas  rather  than  words. 
4.  Conversation;  talk:  mostly  in  the  plural;  as,  a  man  of 
few  words.  5.  A  brief  remark;  hence,  a  short  and  pithy 
saying.  6.  A  communication  or  message;  as,  send  him 
word.  7.  A  command,  signal,  or  direction;  as,  give  the 
word  to  start.  8.  A  promise;  hence,  good  faith;  as,  a 
man  of  his  word.  9.  A  party  cry;  watchword.  10.  pi. 
Language  used  in  anger,  rebuke,  or  otherwise  emotion- 
ally; as,  they  had  high  words.  11.  [W-]  The  Scriptures; 
also,  the  Son  of  God;  the  Logos.  [<  AS.  word,  word.] 
Syn.:  see  term. — word'=book",  n.  A  collection  of  words; 
vocabulary;  lexicon;  dictionary. — word'lng,  n.  The  act  or 
style  of  expressing  in  words;  phraseology;  also,  words  used; 
expression.  Syn.:  see  diction. — word'less,  a.  Having  no 
words;  dumb. — w.ssquare,  n.  An  arrangement  of 
a  set  of  words  in  rectangular  form ,  so  that  they  can 
be  read  in  either  horizontal  or  vertical  lines,  as  in 
the  example. — word'y,  a.  1.  Of  the  nature  of 
words;  verbal.  2.  Expressed  in  many  words.  3. 
Given  to  theuseof  words;  verbose;  prolix. — word'- 
1-Iy,  adv. — word  '1-ness,  n.    word  'Ish-nesst. 

Words'worth,  1  wurdz'warfh;  2  wurdg'worth,  William 
(1770-1850).    An  English  poet  laureate;  The  Excursion,  etc. 

wore,  1  wor;  2  wor,  imp.  (also  incorrectly  pp.)  of  wear,  v. 

work,  1  wOrk;  2  wurk,  v.  [worked1  or  wrought;  work'- 
ing.]  I.t.  1.  To  do  work  in  or  upon;  operate  directly 
or  expend  labor  on.  2.  To  cause  to  produce  by  labor  or 
toil;  prepare  by  some  process;  as,  to  work  a  farm;  to 
luork  dough.  3.  To  influence  or  manage  by  exertion: 
often  implying  corruption;  as,  to  work  the  legislature 
4.  To  investigate  or  solve,  as  a  problem.  5.  To  cause 
to  do  work.  (1)  To  employ  or  keep  busy,  as  a  servant 
or  horse.  (2)  To  use  as  an  Instrument.  (3)  To  move  ner- 
vously; as,  to  work  one's  fingers.  (4)  To  excite  gradually 
to  a  climax.  (5)  To  cause  to  ferment;  also,  to  cause  to  purge. 
6.  To  use  exertion  in,  as  in  going  from  place  to  place; 
effect  by  exertion;  as,  to  work  one's  way.  7.  To  make  or 
form  by  labor  or  skill,  or  to  use  as  a  material  in  such 
making.  8.  To  cause  or  bring  about.  II.  £._  I.  To 
exert  physical  or  mental  power  for  the  accomplishment 

of  some  object;  labor;  toil;  specifically,  to  I mployed 

in  some  trade  or  business.  2.  To  make  progress  or  pass 
through  a  change,  as  with  toil  or  difficulty:  generally 
with  up;  as,  he  worked  up  in  his  profession,  3.  To  be 
effective  or  influential;  as,  his  example  works  well.  4. 
To  have  motion;  run;  operate,  as  a  machine  or  a  gov- 
ernment. 5.  To  bo  in  a  state  of  agitation  or  excite- 
ment. 6.  To  ferment.  [<  AS.  iri/mni,  wurk] 
Work'a-bl(e'\  a.  1.  Of  a  nut  lire  to  lie  opera  led,  us  a  machine. 
2.  Practicable,  a.s  a  plan.  3.  That  can  be  developed,  as  a 
mine.     4.  Able  to  work.     5.  That,  can  lie  worked  upon  or 

Influenced.-  work 'or,  n.    <  toe  who  or  that  which  works,  as 

a   working   ant   or   bee.      tvork'lng.      I.    pii.      I.    Engaged 

actively  In  some  employment.    ''..  Adapted  to  a  workman's 

use  or  to  assist  In  a  special  worl,  :t.  I'sol  or  set  apart 
for  carrying  on  a  business;  as,  working  capital.    II.  n.    The 


FRET 
HEAR 
EASE 
TREE 


\» .  •  r  k. 


v 

.1 

I 

: 

rlni<Us- 

i]   n~' ■-. 
•  plodding.  Irk- 

.  «    .  .  atlon, 

w..rk  j-iU>     . 

•  >-day. 

«.rk    ■ayr",  »    iiui.    .      v  -mail  bag  or  bos  for  needle- 
«     u  >i>  ii.   .  ich  for  work,  especially  that 

M.    di)  .      . 

work  'fellow,  r».     A 

companion   li  worti  i I.     \ 

S.  A  |i    3.  An 

«<>rk   linn.  I 

'.'.     V  worker       work  '- 

in  jn-iik.    .  work  'nian-l)  :. 

-k   m*u-llkr~.  work  'man— hip,         1.    rhe  art 

or  ak  The  work 

prod  .  BorkMi'ip",    •.       \    building   or 

work 'room' 

»..rk    «..'iii»ii.  \    - 

world.  ]  .-.-.:■     L  Thei  trth;  the  terraqueous 

.<.  bich  the  i  :irt)i  w 

on,  any  Binii- 

.  ;>art  of  tin-  <:irl  1 1 , 

Qg  or  •  r, -:i t «-■  1  thiiins 

natural  grand  divi- 

.■. .  the  human 

riction, 

■ 

the  world  of 

!.  .chilly;  the  public; 

.-  .1  intercom  I . 

he  knows  the 
;,.  rung  t.»  or  affecting 

ti. 
m  a  moral  <>r  relig- 
rorld 

I  arthly 

7.  iantity, 

I  trouble.    I  <  AS.  world, 

worldling,    >•■ 

world  'l> .     1.  a.     1. 
ted  to  temporal 
i  II.  in  a  worldly  manner 

world  11-in-s.  •       world  'l>   »  I 
world  '  pow'Yr. 
slate  whonr  . 

m.  inrir)  .  '1  Its  condltlol 

Hunn,     i  '.   -  l.l.l 

wurm   .  like  a  worm,  I  Sect  at  by 

I . 


i         ii  ii      l.ftrn; 

ii  i  I won. 


978 


II. 


rthworm. 

ig  from 

worm.         I .  rawling  ani- 

.'. 

1. 
□  or  habit  of 


ith,  oto 

4.   \  •  •  l.li-  in.. i  Lai, 

A.    W ..  '.     Sumrl  I  il  to  be  1 1 k. ,    a  woi  I 

i  poi  Lion  "t  .i  ihafl  eon- 

■  inn  an  omlli  -■ 

part  of  n  corl         »    <>.    i     it    \n  organ 

|     .;..        7.  Poihol 

V    I 

9, 
l  ii  nee      I 

m  i. rin     Ml    'ii.  I     '■  lUgO   b) 

v,     i;nr. 

Ii  with  ,i  worm     w.»wheelt,  w.  •gearing,  n 

\  worm  and  wonn*gcar  In  combination  worm'),  i      I, 

■  .i  with  worms.  Injured  i 

ollng. 

Worm*,  '.Minns. 

\  ..    toi      tow  ii  ;'    800 

worm  Wood",   i   wOTm'wud";  L'  wdrm'wdbd",  n      I.    \ 
perennial  herb,  aromatio,  tonic,  verj   bitter,  and  fdr- 

parc    u'simii      ■;. 
•  makes  bil  ter.    I  • .  AS  um  mod  \ 
worn,  i  vv  ..i  ii  2  worn,  pp  of  wear  ;  used  also  a 
Horn,  I.        ected  by  attrition  or  any  similar  oon- 

Linuoua  action,     'i.  I  aed,  aa  a  garment;  showing  thi 
effei  ■  .  etc  .  aa  i  he  mind     S,  I  xhau  ited,  a  • 

■  portion  i  the  day  or  the  evening      worn'i 

out",  a     l.i  ted  mi  id  without  value  for  lis  pu 
-,'.    rhorou  ihlj  tired;  ex]  i\i    nun 

Miir'rK,  l  wur'it: 2  wor'ii.n    [Colloq.]  Worry;  vexation, 
wor'r),    i  l  woVi;  2  wur'y,  d    [wob'risd;  wob'bi  n«o  | 
\\  ur'r> ' ,  i  [.  i     1.  To  harass  or  vex,  aa  with  i 
lion,  or  the  like.    'J.  To  affect  by  worrying.    8.  Ti 
ale  or  kill  by  Kiting  or  shaking     II.  i     I.  To  l»'  uneasy 
in  mind;  fr        '-'■  biting  oi  mangling, 

igs  In  fighting  I  barm.]    S.vn.:  wr  ii  u- 

PI       wor  'rl-t-r,  n     One  who  worries,  til 
wnr'r),  r».  [wob'bieb*,  ;•/  1    1.  A  state  of  anxiety;  vexa- 
tion,   wor'rl-mcnl :.  2.  The  act  ol  biting  or  mangling, 

■  lots,      Syn.:   Bee  ANXIETY;  I  IRI        uor'rl-soiiie,  a. 

worse,  i  l  wui  ;2wura  I.  a.  |i  sed  as  compar.  of  bad, 
H  ursc  ,  \  EI,  mil,  and  the  like  )  1.  Had  or  ill  in  a  greatei 
.•;  more  evil,  unwnriliy,  I'i'v  't.  Physically  ill  in 
a  greater  di  gree,  3.  Less  favorably  situated  aa  to  mi -an. 
and  draumstanoes  II.  n  Something  more  evi 
advantage;  loss  III.  adi  1.  [n  a  manner  mon 
orill.     2.  With  greater  intensil  etc      •'!.  Di 

,..'/.   worse  )     w«»r.s'cii  . 
'/  .>.  1/     To  make  or  become  worse,     wors'er,  a   ■ 
Worse:  a  for  hut  redundant  form  of  the  comparative,  on  the 
analogy  of  later;  now  regarded  a.s  a  vulgarism, 
wor'ship,    |  1  wm'-l  tp;  2  wuVahip     I.  vt.  &  ri     [wob- 
v\  tir'sliip1',  j  .siiii'Ki)'  ..i  wou'sinri-i.i.',  WOB'bhut8;  woi 
sDir-iNo  or  w ■nitViiii'-i'iMi  |   1.  To  pay  an  act  of  v 
to;  p  "i  ha>  e  feeling  -  of  worship.    ''■  ■    ["o 

honor.     II.  n.     1.  The  art  or  feeling  of  adoration  or 
homage;  the  paying  of  n  rence,  aa  in  prayer, 

praise,  i  tc     'J-  1  he  act  or  feeling  of  deference,  respect, 
or  honor  toward  virtue,  power,  or  the  like.    8.  ESxo 

or   ardent    admiration.      4.    [Eng,    or    l'rov  ]    A    title   of 

honor  in  addressing  persona  of  Btation.    [  <  AS.  u  eorfA- 

[A,  worthy,    |   selpe,  -bhd?.]    wor'slilppct. 

Syn.:  (verb]  a. ion-,  bow  down  to, deify, exalt, honor, Idol- 
ise, iira>  to.  revere,  reverence.  See  pbase;  (noun)  Bee 
hi  i. ii, ion;  uivi  iii.m  b.-  Aiit.:  (verb)  abhor,  abjure,  abomi- 
nate, blaspheme,  curae,  denounce,  detest,  renounce,  revile, 
Bcoff,  >Mir'shlr>-('r,  n.       wor'shlp-pcr:.       wor'- 

ship-rui,  a,    Worthy  of  honor  by  reason  of  character  or 
Ion    -I) ,  nil     -ih-ss,  u. 
worst,    1 1  wnr-t;  2'wOtrst,    V.rt.  To  get  the  advantage 
prorst1',  f  over;  defeat;  vanquish,    II.  a.    [Usedasthi  su- 
perlativeoi  'I    BacUill,  or  evil  in  the  high- 

|i  Dree     III.  ■'•■  or  result      IV. 

niir.     in  the  woi  ttreme  manner  or  degree. 

i.  BupcrL  or  ww  ./.  woree.]    Syn.:  (verb)    » 

Ql   I  ll 
Wors'tt'fl,   1    uu-'l.'l  OT  wnr-'toil;  2  wos'trd  or  wfir   'l.'d 

I.         Mad"  of  worsted.    II.  «.    1.  woolen  yarn,  with 

rallel  and  twisted  hard;  also,  a  lightly 

■■  d  woolen  yarn.     1.  Material  for  braid  of  her  than 

ii  or  silk.    [<   It'"    fed,  now    II  .'./"/'/,  in  I. iiL'land.) 

wort1,  1  wurt;2  wdrt,  n,    1.  a  plant;  herb;  as,  liverwort. 

'I.  \  plant  of  the  cabbage  kind.    [  <  AS.  wyrt,  plant  | 
wnrt  ,         The  unfermented  infusion  of  malt  thai  when 

fermented  becomes  beer.    [  <  AS.  wyrte,  <  wyrt,  plant  ] 
mirth  .  i  worth;  2  wurth,  si     To  betide  or  befall:  now  only 

in  iiir  wo  worth  the  day,  etc.    [<A6 

worth,    i  1   worth;  2  wurth.     I.  ".     1.   lla\iiiK  value; 
wurlli1,  J  equal  in   valm  ble   'tor).     2. 


1:  a  =  final;    1  =  habit:    aisle;    UU  =  OKt;    oil;:    Iu  =  feud;    diin;    go;    t)  =  siwo;    fhin,   this. 
879  2:  wolf,  dp;    book,    boot;   full,    rule,    cure,    bu.t,    burn;   oil,  boy;  go,   gem;   ink;    thin,    this. 


work 
wring 


Deserving  (of):  in  either  a  good  or  a  bad  sense.  3. 
Having  possessions  to  the  value  of;  as,  he  is  worth  a  mil- 
lion. II.  n.  1.  That  quality  which  renders  a  thing  use- 
ful or  desirable;  value  or  excellence  of  any  kind;  hence, 
Cliarket  value.  2.  That  quality  or  combination  of  qual- 
ities that  makes  one  deserving  of  esteem:  mental  and 
moral  excellence.  3||.  Wealth.  [<  AS.  weorth,  < 
ueorth,  worthy.]  Syn.:  (noun)  character,  desert,  excellence, 
integrity,  merit,  preciousness.  See  price;  virtue.  —  worth'- 
less,  a.  Having  no  worth.  (1)  Having  no  utility  or  value. 
(2)  Destitute  of  dignity,  virtue,  or  standing.  Syn.:  see  bad; 
base;  useless;  vain;  waste.  —  worth 'less-ly,  adv.  — 
worth 'less-ness,  re.  [worth,  «.,  worthy,  a. 

-worth,  -worthy,  suffixes.  Used  in  composition  to  represent 

Worth,  William  Jenkins  (1794-1849).  An  American  gen- 
eral; served  in  Mexican  war. 

wor'thy,    )  1  wur'thi;  2  wur'thy.     I.  a.     [wor'thi-eb; 

wur'thyp, J  wor'thi-est.]  1.  Possessing  worth;  deserv- 
ing of  respect  or  honor;  having  valuable  or  useful  qual- 
ities. 2.  Having  such  qualities  as  to  be  deserving  of  or 
adapted  to  some  specified  thing;  fit;  suitable:  followed 
by  of  (rarely  for).  II.  n.  [wor'thiesz,  pi.]  1.  A  per- 
son of  eminent  worth:  commonly  in  the  plural.  2. 
Humorously,  a  person  of  local  note;  a  character. 
Syn.:  (adjective)  see  becoming;  excellent:  good;  moral; 
virtuous. — wor'thl-ly,od».  In  a  worthy  manner. — wor'- 
tlii-ness,  re.  [wit,  v. 

wot  ||,  1  wet;  2  wot,  vt.  &  vi.,  1st  &  3d  per.  sing.  pres.  ind.  of 

would,  1  wud;  2  wud,  v.,  imp.  of  will,  auxiliary.  Ex- 
pressing desire,  conditional  assertion,  or  determined 
action.  [<  AS.  wolde,  pret.  of  willan,  will.] — would 's 
be",  a.    Desiring  or  professing  to  be;  as,  a  would-be  poet. 

Woundld,  1  wund;  2  wund,  v.  I.  t.  To  inflict  a  wound 
upon.  (1)  To  hurt,  especially  so  as  to  draw  blood.  (2) 
To  cause  pain,  injury,  or  grief  to.  II.  i.  To  inflict  phys- 
ical or  moral  hurt;  pain.  [<  AS.  wundian,  <  wund; 
see  wound,  n.\    Syn.:  see  affront;  hurt;  pique. 

wound-,  1  wound:  2  wound,  imp.  &  pp.  of  wind,  v. 

wound,  1  wund;  2  wund,  n.  1.  A  hurt  or  injury  caused 
by  violence;  especially,  a  cut,  bruise,  stab,  etc.;  also,  a 
breach  of  the  bark  or  substance  of  a  tree  or  plant.  2. 
Hence,  any  injury  or  cause  of  pain  or  grief,  as  to  the 
feelings,  honor,  etc.     [  <  AS.  wund,  <  winnan,  strive.] 

wound 'i-lyt,  adv.    [Colloq.]    Exceedingly;  excessively. 

wove,  imp.  &  pp.  of  weave,  v. — wo'ven,  pp. 

now nd,  n.    Same  as  wound. 

Wp.,  abbr.    Worship.— W.  R.,  abbr.    West  Riding. 

wrack1,  1  rak;  2  rak,  n.  1.  Marine  vegetation  and  other 
floating  material  cast  ashore  by  the  waves.  2.  The  state 
of  being  wrecked;  ruin;  destruction.  3.  Wreckage.  4f. 
Shipwreck.    [  <  D.  wrak,  wrack.]    WTakef. 

wrack2,  n.    A  rack  of  clouds;  any  floating  vapor. 

wraith,  1  refh;  2  rath,  n.  A  fantom  of  a  living  person 
supposed  to  portend  that  person's  death;  loosely,  any 
specter,    f  <  Ice.  vbrth,  guardian.] 

wranK,  1  ran;  2  rang,  a.  &  n.  [Scot.]  Wrong. 

Wran'gel,  1  ran'gel;  2  ran'gel,  Mount.  A  mountain  In  S. 
Alaska:  19,400  ft.  high. 

wran'gl(ep,  lrarj'gl;2ran'gl.  l.vt.&vi.  [wran'gl(e)dp; 
wran'gling.]  1.  To  maintain  by  noisy  argument  or 
dispute;  brawl.  2|(.  To  argue;  debate.  II.  n.  1.  An 
angry  or  noisy  dispute.  21".  An  argument.  [ME. 
wranglen,  akin  to  LG.  wrangen,  wrangle.]  Syn.:  (verb)  see 
contend;  (noun)  see  altercation;  dispute;  quarrel. — 
wran 'icier,  n.  1.  One  who  wrangles.  2.  At  Cambridge 
University,  England,  one  who  has  taken  the  highest  mathe- 
matical honors.  Wranglers  were  classified  as  senior  wran- 
gler, second,  third,  etc.,  until  1909. 

wrap1, 1  rap;  2  rap,  vt.  &  vi.  [wrapped*  or  wrapt;  wrap'- 
ping.]  1.  To  fold,  roll,  or  draw  together,  as  a  fabric,  so 
as  to  enclose  something.  2.  To  surround  and  cover  by 
infolding;  infold.  3.  To  infold  or  involve  so  as  to  con- 
ceal; hide.     [ <  warp,  ».]  [wrapt. 

wrap",  1  rap;  2  rap.  ri.     Same  as  rapj,  v.,  chiefly  in  the  form 

wrap,  //.  An  article  of  dress  intended  to  !><•  drawn  or 
folded  about  a  person;  a  wrapper;  in  the  plural,  outer 
garments  collectively,  as  cloaks,  scarfs,  etc.  —  wrap  'per, 
n.  1.  An  outer  covering,  as  for  a  newBpaper  or  cigar.  2. 
A  loose  flowing  outer  garment.  3.  [Colloq.]  An  undershirt. 
— wrap'=ras"cal,  re.    A  loose  overcoat  of  the  18th  century. 

wrasse,  I  ra.s;  2  raa,  n.  A  foodVflsh  of  warm  and  t  roplcal  seas, 
often  highly  colored.    [<  W.  gwrachen,  wrasse.] 

wrath,  1  ra€h;  2  rath,  n.  I.  Determined  and  lasting 
anger;  extreme  passion;  rage.  !8||.Thejus1  punishment 
of  crime.  [<  AS,  wrseththo,  ■  wrdth;  see  wboth  I 
Syn.:  see  anger;  violence,  wratiit. '■/.  *  «.  Tomakeoi 
lieconie  angry;  show  wrath.  wrath'ont. — wratht,  a. 
Wroth,  wra'th'uii, 'a.  -ly,  adv.  -ness,  n.— wrath'y,  a. 
1.  Disposed  to  wrath.    ?..  [Colloq  I  Wroth 

wreak',  1  rik;  2  rek,  vt.    To  inflict,  as  vengeance;  satiate, 


as  a  feeling  or  passion.    [  <  AS.  ion  can,  revenge,  impel.] 
— wreakt,  re.     Vengeance. — wreak'fult,  a.     -lyt,  adr. 
wreath,  1  rlfh;  2  reth,  n.    1.  A  twisted  band  of  ieaves  or 
flowers,  commonly  circular,  as  for  a  crown  or  chaplet. 

2.  Any  curled  band  of  circular  or  spiral  shape,  as  of 
smoke  or  snow.  [<  AS.  wrseth,  <  writhan,  twist]  — 
wreathe,  vt.  &  vi.  [wreathed;  wreath'ing.)  1.  To  form 
into  or  take  the  form  of  a  WTeath.  2.  To  encircle;  embrace. 
3||.  To  twist.     Syn.:  see  twist.— wreath 'y,  a. 

wreck,  1  rek;  2  rek.  I*,  vt.  &  vi.  1.  To  cause  or  suffer 
purposely  or  negligently  the  destruction  of,  as  a  vessel ; 
shipwreck.  2.  To  bring  any  form  of  ruin  or  destruction 
upon.  3.  To  endanger,  damage,  or  ruin  by  a  wreck,  as 
goods.  II.  n.  1.  The  act  of  wrecking,  or  the  state  of 
being  wrecked.  (1)  Shipwreck.  (2)  The  ruin  of  any- 
thing, especially  if  effected  violently.  2.  That  which  has 
been  wrecked  or  ruined,  as  a  -vessel  or  an  army.  3. 
Wreckage,  especially  property  cast  ashore  by  the  sea, 
4.  Same  as  wrack1,  1.  [<  AS.  wrsec,  <  wrecan,  drive 
out.]  Syn.:  see  ruin. — wreck  'age,  -re.  1.  The  act  of  wreck- 
ing or  the  state  of  being  wTecked.  2.  Material  from  a  wreck. 
— wreck 'er,  re.  1.  One  who  lures  ships  to  destruction  in 
order  to  plunder  them.  2.  One  who  ruins  something  valu- 
able, as  a  bank  or  a  railroad,  especially  for  his  own  profit. 

3.  One  employed  to  recover  disabled  vessels  or  WTecked  car- 
goes for  the  owners;  also,  a  vessel  employed  in  this  service. 
— wreck'ful,  a.    [Poet.]    Causing  wreck;  involving  ruin. 

wren,  1  ren;  2  r6n,  n.    1.  A  very  small  bird,  having  short 

rounded  wings  and  a  short  tail.     2.  One  of  other  small 

birds.     [  <  AS.  wrenna,  wren.] 
Wren,  Sir  Christopher  (1632-1723).    An  English  architect; 

designed  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  London, 
wrench,  1  rencli;  2  rench.    I1,  vt.    1.  To  twist  violently; 

turn  suddenly  by  force;  wrest.    2.  Hence:  (1)  To  twist 

forcibly  so  as  to  cause  pain  or 

injury;    sprain.       (2)  To  twist 

from   the  proper  meaning,  in- 
tent, or  use.      II.  n.      1.  The  I 

act  of  wrenching,   physical   or 

mental.     2.  A  tool  for  twisting 

or  turning  bolts,  nuts,  pipe,  etc. 

[<  AS.  wrenc,  stratagem,  <  V  of 

wring.] 
wrest,  1  rest;   2  rest.    Id.  vt.  1. 

To  pull  or  force  away  by  vio- 
lent    twisting     or      wringing; 

wrench.      2.  To  turn  from  the 

true    meaning,    character,    in- 

tent,  application,  etc.       II  n        Common  Forms  of 

1.  An  act  of  wresting.      (1)  A    ,    stniBon  ,vrcnch     2   Pockl,. 

Violent  twast.  (2)  A  misappll-  wrench.  3.  S  wench.  4.  Combina- 
cation    or    perversion.        (3)     A  tion  wrench,     6.  Adjustable  socket. 

crooked  act ;  wile.  2.  A  key  for  J[JJ 
tuning  a  stringed  instrument, 
as  a  harp.  [  <  AS.  wrSstan,  <  trflthan.  writhe.] — wrest'er,  re. 
wres'tl(ep,  1  res'l;  2  rgs'l,  v.  [wbeb'tl(e)dp;  wres'tling.] 
I.  I.  [Colloq.]  To  contend  with  by  wrestling.  II.  i. 
1.  To  contend  or  grapple,  as  opponents  striving  each  to 
bring  the  other  to  the  ground;  hence,  to  strive  vehe- 
mently for  some  end.  2.  To  pray  earnestly.  [AS. 
wrsestlian,  freq.  of  urxstan;  see  wrest,  v.]  Syn.:  see  struggle. 
— wres'tl(e,  n.  An  act  of  wrestling. — wres'tler,  n. 
wretch, )  1  rech;  2  rech,  n.  1.  A  base,  vile,  or  contempt- 
wrechp,  j  ible  person;  despicable  character.  2.  A  miser- 
able or  unhappy  person;  also,  sometimes,  any  person  or 
creature  viewed  with  pity.  [  <  AS.  wrecca,  outcast,  < 
wrecan,  banish.] — wretch 'ed,  a.  1.  Sunk  in  dejection; 
profoundly  unhappy.   2.  Causing  misery.    3.  Mean;  paltry. 

4.  Despicable.  Syn.:  see  had;  base;  pitiful.— wretch 'cd- 
ly,  adv. — wretch 'ed-ness,  n. 

wrlg'gle, )  1  rig'l;  2  rlg'l,  vt.  &  vi.     [wrig'gled;    weig'- 

wrig'l1',  J  gling.]  1.  To  twist  in  a  sinuous  manner; 
squirm;  writhe.  2.  To  proceed  as  if  by  twi  sling,  crawl- 
ing, or  insinuating  turns.  3.  To  show  confusion,  as 
under  questioning.  [<  D.  wriggelen,  freq.  <  V  of  MI). 
vricken,  turn.] — wrlg'gle,  re.— wrig'glcr,  u.     wrlg'gly,  <i. 

wright,  1  rait;  2  r!t,  n.  One  who  docs  mechanical  or 
constructive  work:  used  chiefly  in  compounds;  as,  ship- 
wrif/hl.     [<  AS,  wyrhta,    <  wyrcan,  work.] 

Wright,  re.  1.  Orvllle  (1871-  ),  an  American  aviator; 
inventor  with  his  brother  Wilbur  of  a  llylng-machino.  2. 
Wilbur  (1807-1912),  American  nvlal.or;  Inventor. 

wring,   1   ritj;  2   ring,   v.      [WRUNG,    wkincdd,   or   WHANG 

i  Prov.) ;  whing'ini;.]  1. 1 .  I.  To  compress  fay  twi  ting; 
turn  and  strain  with  force;  pass  (clothes)  through  a 
wringer.  2.  To  squeeze  or  press  out,  as  water,  by  twist- 
ing; figuratively,  to  extort,  3.  To  torture;  distress.  4. 
To  twist  out  of  shape  or  place,  5||.  To  pervert.  II).  i. 
1.  To  writhe,  as  with  anguish.  2.  To  pain,  us  by  pinching. 


«  rli 

kl  i 

v»  rli 

kl  r  . 

wri* 

wrlnkh 

)  -»rn 


. 


. 

wrln    kit 

holtoli; 

•*  HIM 

I  HIM     ) 

xrl.i 

»rltt  irt,         I      |  ,|  worn 

on  I'  » rl-l  ' 

M  rUI  »  ilrli.  •. 

writ    . 

writ,  i  inder  weal,  is- 

n  bora  ii 

■  which 

llnl)  \\  rli.  mean- 

VS  write.] 

writ.  .  !    ,.r    w  in  i     .    n  hi  i 

I        I  r  inscribe  mi  :i  sur- 

•  m  oirai  a  oharao- 
■ 
i.  in  writing.     4.    l  a 

,  lllj  .i~  ah    author, 
i   to;    impn  II. 

II.       I .  .  -in  icribe  letr 

unicate  thought  or 
•  composition. 

mi       writ  'it.  •.      I. 
iree   in   Literary  omn- 
ia    ■;.   i  hat  « inrii  n rites  >■: 

writ    IT- 

*hlp.  writ  'Iiik.  n     1. 

o  made; 

VnythlnK  written  or  expressed  in  Ii 
writing. ma-rlilm  .■■  w  nt  na;-ma<  Inn.        wrlt'- 

inc  ma-  "i.  r.  of   penmanahlp     wrlt'lng. 

,k  iii  writing. 
wrlth..  wbithbu;  WJUTU'lMG.]    1. 

:;-  tin-  body, 
•     |  <  AS  writhan, 

"Ton..-.  I.  i .  the  riulit^  of; 

'i.  To  'i"  injustice  t"  by 

II.   i      1.  Violating  right  or 

.  .v  right  or  worthy     'i.  Deviating  from 

,  lirement;  erroneous;  improper;  uocor- 

III.  I.  That  which  is  contrary  to  justice  or 

.:i  injury;   mischief;  crime    '■».  A  WT0I 

or  i  1\.  adv.    In  a  wrong  manner.  |< 


i  o  o     m.ftr;    lull,  tftlc;    Lilt.  Iiflrn; 

II  I  I  I.  SNll 


I        INJI 


■         ... 

.         IMMON  VI  .      MINI  I  I  .    in..;. 
» >.      .I"    ■  i  .  •  ■         R  llO i- 

wroni    doing,         wroni 


Hroiu   lul.  -I) . 

-in  --.  wrong     Ii.   ol    .  .1.  Hu\  |ng  |. 

m  r»ii|  ii .  wrong  m 

»  rote, 

wroth   .  i    ii.  .i  m  in. .. 

»r I.       wrull 

wrought . 

ccpi  n  ■ .  mi. i  in  woi  k  into  shape, 

«  nnik;.  ■  •(  WBINO,  i 

wry ,  I  1.  Bent  to  o 

'.'.ii  itingfn  m  thai  w  inch 

i^  right  or  prop*  i .  pet  verted  •         oi  an  inti  rpn 

Cation     [<  Ati  '  I   -ly.  odi      -m---. 

»  r.  ii. .  k  .         I.  A  wo  led  from  Its  habit  of 

ng  Its  bead  ami  aeek     '!.  /m/>.<>/    a  rheumatic  ami- 
lion  seated  in  tin-  muscles  of  tin-  neck. 
»    9  .  ixon,  Writer  to  the  Signet      W.  s.  «., 

wt.            w  ■  Ight 
«ii«l,  1  wud;2wud,  a    [Bool  I  Mad;  Insane     Banwasn 

Willi,  1  u  i.l,  8  WOI,  '     A    n        l'l..\     ..I   c  in.  ,    \\  ill 

>\iimi(,i.  wiiiu  ini  M.n    1882  i     a  Ger- 

man psychologist  and  physiologist      Wmidt'i-au,  a 

w  mi  'ua.  I   H  ..n...  '.'  wuii  :i .  i     |800t.]    Will  HO) 

>\  urt 'Ii'HI-Imtk,  1  Mir't<  i  '.im-Utiiii     A  klnK- 

■loin  iii  B,  \\  .  <  lennanj  .  7  ....•>  sg  m  .  pop  2, 188,000;  <  ai>i- 
tai.  Btuttgari 

wust,  •     Bami  ■    w rs     wu--   . 

wtiss,  i  n    -    ■  ...        A  n    [Bool  ]  w  Isb, 

\\.  \.i..  w  .    ■  \  offlclalj 

Wy'att,  1  wol'et:  2  wy'at.  Sir  Thomas  (1508-  1642),  as  En- 
glish poet  and  statesman, 

\\  \  ill '  elm",  ;,      Same  OS  w  I.  ii-i  Lit 

Wych'er-ley,  1  wtcTi'sr-li;  l'  wych'er-iy,  William  (16407- 
1716      An  English  dramatist;  Tlu  Country  wife. 

Wyellf,  1  wlk'lif.  2  wye'llf,  John  1324?  1384  An  Kn- 
niisti  reformer;  tirst  translator,  with  assistants,  of  the  entire 
Bible  into  English  Wyc'llffeJ.  Wycllf-lte,  n,  a  fol- 
lower of  w  ycllf.     >V>  e'llir-llt-;. 

wye,  1  woi;  2  wy\  «     The  letter  ^ .  or  something  Y«ebaped. 

Wyke'ham,  1  wlk'em;2  wyk'am,  William  of  (1824  1404). 
\i:  i  nglian  bl  bop  and  statesman.    Wlek'hami. 

w>  I'.       in  will;  i  wj  lie . 

W)    lie  coal",   1   wol'li-kof;  2  wy'll-iot".   n.   [Scot.]    A    hoys' 

Dannel  underdreas;  also,  a  flannel  petticoat,    wrih-'coaf't. 

w)nt,  v.    To  win;  oven te     w>iin«'t. 

wjnii,  l  wuiiiii;  2  wynd.  n.  [Scot.]  An  alley.    [-=  wind', n.] 

wynd't,  »      Sam.   a^  w  IMi 

wyo.(  ahbr     w  yomlng  (offlclal). 

»)-o'iiiinK.  l  woi-6'min  or  wai'o-mln;  2  wy-6'ming  or  wy'o- 

mlng,  n.    I.  IStatelntheN   \\    United  States:  07,014  sq. 

m.;  pop  182,264  capital,  Cheyenne,    8.  W.Valley,  a  valley 

in  N  E.  Pennsj  Ivanla;  the  scene  of  a  massacre  by  Tories  and 

ImllaiLS.  July  3.  1778. 
wyte,  1  wait;  •>  wyt.  i.  A  n    [Scot]    Blame.     [<   AS    iiltt,   < 

irUaa,  blame.]    wlteti  wyitct. 
w>  (let,  «.    WLsdom;  IntulllKence;  reason.  —  wyt'tyt,  a.  Wise. 


X 


X  X  Roman. 


XX 


Black 


Of 


Script. 


I  :•■/..  o  eks'es.  pi.] 

■  gUah  alphabet,    it  ta 
asU::  xtra,  ot  as  In  exact  or  r 

[acid. 

i»n  tii»te,  .  •  cantblc 

xan  'tin-in,    ,  in, -in  or-ain;2  san'the-In, -Inor 

xan 'i  he-i  ne.  ible yellow ooloringvmatter 

ow.] 

.Van  thi-.iii.  ■■.i-an.  a     Relating  to Xan- 

\iniiiiiii  ni.iriii.  -         icDlptores,   tin    marble 

seul;  .anthus: 

lan'thi..  Saving  a  yellow 

yellow  ]—  xanthlr 

arid,    .  •  ipound  made  by  di- 

rflng  potaaslum  xan'!.  . 
xan'lhln,    i  r.'thiri  nr  -thin.  71 

xan  'thine.  (  I .   Chem    A     whit  :.pound 

r,  blood,  urine,  an'l  other  anil: 
1.  The  insoluble  yellow  coloTing*n  oed  in 

low.] 
Xin'thnuv    1   xan'fhus;  2  lin'thCiif.  a.     Klhnnl      1.  Ol  or 
per' 1  rellow  or  Mongolian  type  of  mankind. 

-•alnlng  to  that  variety  of  mankind   that   has 


Xal   of   tin    Hal- 
da  Indians. 


yellow  or  yellowish  hair,  including  the  Teutons  and  Scan- 
dinavians; blond.     [<  Qt.xanthot,  yellow.] 
San'thus,  ]  san'fhos;  2  san'thtts,  »     1.  An  ancient  city  of 
i.ycia.  Asia  Minor;  destroyed  by  Brutus,  4:i  B.  C;  many 
interesting    sculptures    have   been 
found    then-       •;.   Same 

HAND  KB 

\io-i  inn 'y-luiii,     1      tan 

1  urn    u'  zaii-tiioks'y-irim.  r».     Same 

MM 

Xaii-ilp'pe,  1  san-tlp'i:  2 san-tlp'e, 
n     The  wife  of  Socrates:  renowned 

as  a  shrew       Vlll-llllp'pe: . 

xat.  ]   sQt;  2  sat,  n     A  carved  me- 
morial post  ere.  ted   In  front   of  the 
dwelling  of  ci  rtaln 
North  -   American 
Indians. 

\a\  'i-i-r,   1  sav'i-ar 
or  (Sp.)    hfl-vyer'; 

2  Zflv'l-er 
ha-vver'.  Franei  — 
<■<»       1606      1662 
\    Bpanlsfa     ' 

.1  the  Orient:  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Society 
\a-\e'rl-an,  a. 
up.,  abbt      Without   coupon.-  id.,  idlv.,  aifor.     without 
dividend       Idr .,  aWrr.     Crusader. 


881 


I: »=  final;    1  =  hablt^  aisle;    an  =  out;    ell; 
2:  wolf,  dft;   book,   boot;   full,   rule,   cure,   but 


10  =  feud;    Cliin;    go;    n  =  sin0;    Chin,   this.       Wrinkle 

,   bQrn;  611,  boy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  yarn 


Xl-me'nes  de  Cis-ne'ros,  1  hl-me'nes,  this-ne'ros;  2  hi-me/- 

nes,  this-ne'ros   (1437-1517).     A   Spanish  statesman   and 

cardinal.  [1,300  m.  to  the  Amazon. 

i  Xin-gu',  1  sTiin-gu';  2  shih-gy',  re.    A  river  in  central  Brazil; 

xiph'oid,  1  zif'eid;  2  zif'oid,  a.  Shaped  like  a  sword;  as, 
the  xiphoid  cartilage  (the  lower  end  of  the  breast=bone,i . 
xiph-oi'di-anj:.     [<  Gr.  xiphos,  sword,  +  -oid.] 

X  mas.,  abbr.  Christmas.  —  Xn.,  Mian.,  abbr.  Christian. 
— Xnty.,  abbr.    Christianity. 

XP.  The  first  two  letters  of  XPI2TOS,  the  Greek  word  fur 
Christ:  introduced  by  Constantine  the  Great  as  an  emblem 
of  Christ. 

X'=rays".    Same  as  Roentgen  rays, 
i  xy'lem,  1  zai'Iem;  2  zy'lem,  n.  Bot.  The  woody  tissue  of 
plants.    [  <  Gr.  xylon,  wood.] 

xy 'lo-, \  1  zai'lo-,  zil-;  2  zy'lo-,  zyl-.    From  Greek  xylon,  wood: 

xyl-,  S  combining  forms. — xy"Io-car'pous,  a.  Having  a 
hard,  woody  fruit.  [+  Gr.  karpos,  fruit.] — xy'lo-gen,  re. 
1.  A  compound  forming  the  essential  part  of  plant»fibers; 
Iignin.  2.  Specifically,  nascent  woody  fiber. — xy  'lo-graph, 
re.  1.  An  engraving  on  wood,  or  a  print  from  such  engrav- 
ing. 2.  An  impression  obtained  from  the  grain  of  wood,  as 
used  for  surface  decoration. — xy-log'ra-pher,  re. — xylo- 
graph 'lc,  xy"lo-graph 'i-cal,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  wood* 
engraving. — xy-log'ra-phy,  re.  1.  Wood=engraving,  espe- 
cially of  the  15th  century.  2.  Printing  with  wood=engrav- 
ings.  3.  Painting  or  printing  on  wood  for  decorative  pur- 
poses. 4.  The  making  of  prints  or  impressions  showing  the 
grain  of  wood.— xy-Ioph'a-gous,  a.  Feeding  on  or  boring 
in  wood,  as  insect-larvae.  [+  Gr.  phagein,  eat.] — xy 'lo-nite. 
re.  Same  as  celluloid. — xy'lo-phone,  re.  1.  A  musical 
instrument  consisting  of  a  row  of  parallel  wooden  bars  grad- 
uated to  form  a  scale  and  struck  by  small  mallets  or  sounded 
by  rubbing.  3.  An  instrument  used  to  determine  the  vibra- 
tory properties  of  different  woods.  [+  Gr.  phone,  sound.]  — 
xy'lo-tlle,  n.  1.  Celluloid:  a  former  name.  2.  A  brown, 
fibrous,  altered  asbestos.    [+  Gr.  tilos,  down.] 

xys'ter,  1  zis'tar;2  zys'tSr,  re.  Surg.  An  instrument  for  scrap- 
ing bones.    [  <  Gr.  xyster,  scraper,  <  xyo,  scraped 


xe'bec,  1  zl'bek;  2  ze'bfic,  n.     A  small  three-masted  ves- 
sel, with  both  square  and  lateen  sails:  formerly  used  by 
Algerine  pirates.    [  <  Turk,  sumbeki,  kind  of  ship.] 
Xen.,  abbr.    Xenophon. 

xen'o-, )  1  zen'o-,  zen-;  2  zen'o-,  zen-.     From  Greek  xenos, 
xen-,      i'  guest:  combining  forms. 
Xen'o-cles,  1  zen'o-kliz;  2  zen'o-cle§,  re.    An  Athenian  tragic 

poet  of  the  5th  century  B.  C. 
Xe-noc'ra-tes,  1  zi-nek'ra-tiz;  2  ze-noc'ra-teg,  n.     (396-314 

B.  C.)    A  Greek  philosopher;  disciple  of  Plato. 
xe-nog'a-my,  n.  Bot.  Cross=fertilization. — xe-nog'a-mous, 

a.    [<  xeno-  +  Gr.  gamos,  marriage.] 
xe'non,  ]  zl'nen;  2  ze'non,  re.   An  element  in  the  atmos- 
phere composed  of  an  inert  gas  which  solidifies  at  an  ex- 
tremely low  temperature.    See  element.  [  <  Gr.  xenon, 
neut.  of  xenos,  strange.] 
Xe-noph'a-nes,  1  zi-nef'a-nlz;  2  ze-n6f  a-ne§,  n.     (538?-500 

B.  C.)     A  Greek  philosopher  and  poet. 
Xen'o-phon,  1  zen'o-fen;2  zen'o-fon.re.    (435-355  B.  C?)   A 
(ireek  historian  and  soldier;  commanded  in  the  retreat  of 
the  Ten  Thousand  Greeks;  Anabasis. 
xe'ro-,  l  1  zl'ro-,  zer-;  2  ze'ro-,  zer-.    From  Greek  xeros,  dry: 
xer-,     5  combining  forms. — xe'ro-phil,  re.  A  plant  adapted  to 
drought. — xe-roph'i-lous,  a.  Bot.  Loving  drought:  said  of 
plants  especially  adapted  to  living  in  dry,  hot  climates,  as 
the  cactus. — xe'ro-phyte,  n.    A  plant  adapted  to  dry  con- 
ditions of  air  and  soil. — xe"ro-phyt'lc,  a. 
xe-ro'sis,  1  zi-ro'sts;  2  ze-ro'sis,  n.  Pathol.  A  condition  of  ab- 
normal dryness  of  a  part;  specifically,  a  dry,  harsh,  thick- 
ened, and  scaly  condition  of  the 
skin  or  mucous  membrane  of  a 
part.     [<  Gr.  xerosis,   <  xeros, 
dry.] 
xe'rus,  1  zl'rus;  2  ze'rus,  re.    An 
African  ground-squirrel  with  a 
long  tail  and  coarse  hair.     [<        -^» 
Gr.  xeros,  dry.]  "*BW^  -*-erus-    /» 

Xerx'es,  lzurks'iz;  2zerks'e§,  n.    (519?-465B.  C.)  A  Persian 
king;  defeated  by  the  Greeks  at  Salamis.     See  Salamis. 


Y  y  Roman. 


33    +*    Black 
Jf    P    Letter. 


r 


Script. 


Y1,  y,  1  wai;  2  wy,  re.  [wyes,  Y's,  or  Ys,  1  waiz;  2  wys., 
pl.\    A  letter:  the  twenty-fifth  in  the  English  alphabet. 

Y2,  n.  Something  resembling  a  letter  Y  in  shape,  as  a  plumb- 
ers' forked  pipe,  or  a  forked  piece,  usually  one  of  a  pair, 
serving  as  a  rest  or  support,  as  for  a  sighting=instrument. 

y-,  prefix.  Used  in  Middle  English  as  a  sign  of  the  past  parti- 
ciple; as,  yclept.    [AS.  ge-.] 

y.,  abbr.    Yard,  year. 

yacht,  1  yet;  2  yat.  Id.  vi.  To  manage,  cruise,  or  sail  in 
a  yacht.  II.  n.  A  vessel  specially  built  or  fitted  for 
pleasure,  as  distinguished  from  war  or  commerce. 
[<  MD.  jacht,  <  jagen,  hunt.]— yacht'sclub",  n.  A  club 
of  yachtsmen. — yacht'lng,  n.  The  act  or  practise  of  sail- 
ing in  or  managing  a  yacht. — yachts'man,  re.  [-men,  pi.) 
One  who  owns  or  sails  a  yacht,  yacht'erf;  yacht  'man  : . 
— yachts'[or  yacht  ']man-shlp,  re.  The  art  of  managing  a 
yacht;  skill  in  yachting. — yachts 'wo"man,  re.  fern. 

Ya'fa,  re.    Same  as  Jaffa. 

ya'ger,  1  ye'gar;  2  ya'ger,  n.    Same  as  jaeger. 

yah,  interj.    An  exclamation  of  disgust;  bah. 

ya'hoo,  1  ya'hu;  2  yii'hdo,  re.  One  of  an  imaginary  race  of 
brutes  in  human  form,  described  by  Swift  in  "Gulliver's 
Travels";  hence,  a  person  of  low  and  vicious  instincts. 

Yah-vch',  1  ya-ve';  2  ya-ve',  Yah'vist,  Yah-vls'tlc,  Yah'- 
vlsm,    same    as    Jehovah, 
Jehoyist,  etc.     Yah-wc't; 
Yah-weh'f;      Yah'wtsmt; 
Yah'wlstj. 

yak,  1  yak;  2  yak,  n.  An 
Asiatic  bovine  ruminant 
bit  ween  the  bisons  and 
true  oxen.  [<  Tibetan 
(ivnk.) 

Ya"Iu',  1  yn"in';  2  ya"Iu'.  n. 
A  river  between  Manchuria 
and  Chosen;  300  m.  to  the 
Yellow  Sea:  scene  of  a  Jap- 
anese victory  over  Chinese,  Sept.  17,  1894,  and  over  Rus- 
sians. May  1,  1904. 

yam,  1  yam;  2  yam,  re.  1.  A  climbing  tropical  plant  hav- 
ing a  fleshy  edible  tuberous  root.  2.  [U .  S]  A  large 
variety  of  the  sweet,  potato.  [<  Pg.  inhame,  prob.  of 
African  origin.]  [peevishly;  whine, 

yam'mer,  1  yam'ar;  2  yam'er.  vl.  [Prov.  Brit]  To  complain 


Yang'tze.  1  yarj'tse:  2  yang'tse,  re.     A  river  in  Tibet  and 

central  China;  3,200  m.  to  the  Pacific  ocean. 
yank',  1  yank;  2  yank,  v.  I.  t.  [Colloq.]  To  take,  re- 
move, or  displace  with  or  as  with  a  sharp  or  sudden 
pull.  II.  i.  [Eng.]  1.  To  move  with  rapidity.  2. 
To  jabber;  scold.  [<  Sw.  dial,  jakka,  wander;  akin  to 
Ice.  jaga,  G.  jagen,  hunt.]— yank,  n.  1.  [Colloq.,  U.  S.J  A 
sudden  sharp  pull;  jerk.  2.  [Prov.  Eng.]  A  sharp  blow  or  slap. 
Yan'kee,  1  yarj'ki;  2  yan'ke.  I.  a.  Pertaining  to 
Yankees.  II.  re.  1.  A  New=Englander;  hence,  any  citi- 
zen of  the  United  States.  2.  A  Northerner;  especially, 
a  Federal  soldier:  so  called  in  the  South  during  the 
Civil  War.  [Prob.  same  as  Scot,  yankie,  a  sharp,  clever 
woman,  <  yank,  v.;  but  perhaps  <  D.  harvest-song,  whose 
refrain  began  'Yanker  didee  doodle  down.'] — Yan'kee  Doo'- 
dle,  a  song,  of  many  humorous  verses,  popular  in  pre«Revo- 
lutlonary  times  and  one  of  the  national  airs  of  the  United 
States. — Yan'kee-lsm,  re.  1.  Yankee  characteristics  col- 
lectively. 2.  A  Yankee  trait  or  idiom,  especially  as  restricted 
to  New  England.— Yan'kee-land,  re.  [Colloq.]  The  United 
States;  sometimes,  by  restriction.  New  England. 
yap,  1  yap;  2  yap.    I'.  Vi.    1.  [Prov.]  To  bark  or  yelp,  as  a  cur. 

2.  [Slang,  U.  S.]  To  prate;  jabber.    II.  re.  [Prov]  1.  A  worth- 
less dog.    2.  A  bark  or  yelp.    [Imitative.] 

yard,  1  yurd;  2  yard,  v.  I.  t.  To  collect  or  gather  into  or  an 
Into  an  enclosure  or  yard.  II.  i.  [U.  S]  1.  To  herd  in  a 
winter  pasture,  as  deer.     2.  To  shoot  deer  In  their  yard. 

yard1,  1  yard;  2  yard,  re.  1.  The  standard  English 
measure  of  length;  36  inches.  2.  A  yardstick.  3.  Naut. 
A  spar  Bet  OrOSSwise  of  a  mast  and  used  to  .support  sails 
[  <  AS.  nurd,  rod;  akin  to  gad,  goad.]-  yard  '=arm'',  re.  Navl. 
Either  end  of  a  yard. — yard 'stick",  re.  A  graduated  mea- 
surlng»stlck  a  yard  In  length.    yard'«wand"f. 

yard2,  re.  1.  A  tract  of  ground  enclosed  or  set  apart.  (1) 
An  enclosure,  usually  small  and  near  a  residence  or 
other  building;  by  extension,  the  grounds  near  a  house, 
whether  enclosed  or  not.  (2)  An  enclosure  used  for  some- 
specific  work.  2.  [U.  S.  &  Canada. ]  The  winter  pastur- 
ing'ground  of  deer  and  moose.  3.  [Eng]  A  measure  of 
land,  with  wide  local  variation.      [<  AS.  qeard,  yard.] 

yare,  l  yar:  2  yar.  a.  fScot.  or  Obs  I  1.  Responding  quickly 
to  the  helm;  manageable:  said  of  a  Hhlp.    2.  Brisk;  prompt. 

3.  Prepared:  ready,    yearct.  -yare'ly,  adv.    1.  With  skill. 
%,  With  dispatch:  quickly.      [  ■'  AS.  gram,  ready.] 

Yar'mouth,  1  yflr'meth;  2  yar'muth.  re.     A  seaport  of  E. 

Kngland,  bombarded  by  German  aircraft,  Jan.  20,  1915. 
yarn,  1  yarn;  2  yarn.     I.  vi.     To  tell  a  yarn  or  yarns. 


\ 


•»      \         .  i         i  go;  not.  ftr.  in      n       '  in   bttrai 

■Wi#i.  *ii.      .  ..iii         i  ..,,,...      S8J 


.  in  ■  ■. 


pub- 


■   >.. 


I 

ilar  or 


I.         i  .       / 
/ 


I 

yawn  ] 
yawn,  I.  •  the  mouth,  especially  as 

ning  wnlf. 
rzu>. 
)iwp, 
)K>,  1.     \    t r-.I>li-:Ll  Bkl] 

|  <  Afr.  van 


.  B.  1  -    I 

>  -.  I   p 
Id., 

)  ■  •  >  ■ 


book 

,     [Archaic  or  Humorous.] 

..  call] 


Attraction  in  which 

lunicUT  thoi 

letimea  incor- 
>nal  pronoun  of  the 

1 .  1 .  -fiirrn:i- 

i.  a  hundred, 
rily.    4  .  Truly.     II.  n.     An  expi 

I  •  a  ] 
-.    -1.     To  brltu;  forth  young 

><  an  ling,    .     The  young  of 

1 .  ri.-l  of  time  in  which  the 

.   unit  nf  time,  and  divided  into   12 

ginning  .January   1 

.'.  12 1 

3.  ;  i"r  his 

astronomical  year,  the 

in  through  1 1  ■ 

:-i.       Its 

equi- 
noctial, natural.   -!.r.        tropical   war        common 


- 

leap-rears  ar< 

that  of  • 

■!ar. — *ld< 
■ 
returns  u>  the  lam 


In  the 

nbollmnlc        lunar  )rar. 

. 

in  the 

ir. 

■ 

year '•Wok",  -.      I.  A  bool    published 

! 

>  ear 'ling. 
I  II. 

>  ear  long, 
tinning  thr  rear  1y .   I         i 


Mam.  i   | 
i.  rn    . 

wit  I 


:i.  i  ..i. 


ii  niinuo.il) 

i 

in. .ii    in    . 
liquids,  produi  ii 

I 

reasl  | . 
Vest*,  Mil- 

ium nun.  r  i      Irish  poai 

\  ed  'iii«.  i  •■,,.,  ,.|| ,,,, , , 

i"<  ..f  Beer, 

i .  i  1 1 1 .  n 

i  \  thieving  tramp;  traveling  burglar 

I  eggf, 
%  .  i.i.    . 

yelk,  'i     [Dial.]    SameasTOLK. 

yell,  i  I  I-        a  1  ■•  espn    •  "i'1'  ■>■  V'-ll; 

yell,     II.  ii    1.  A  sharp,  loud,  inartioulati 
ta  ..i  pain,  terror,  anger,  etc.     'J.  Aery  con 
prearranged  sel  of  words;  as,  a  college  //<//.    | 
giiiim.  yell  "Mi.  ■  in 

yellow,  1  \.l'n.  L'  yel'o.  I.  a,  1.  Saving  the  color  of 
.  gold,  saffron,  i  i  a  '.'.  1  [a\  ing  a  sallow  complexion. 
II.  |.  i  he  color  ol  the  spectrum  between  green  and 
orange,  similar  to  thai  of  lira--  or  gt  Id  'l-  iay  pigment 
nr  dyestuff  having  such  a  color,  o.  The  yolk  ol  an  egg 
4.  One  of  oertain  butterflies,     5.  Jaundioe;  ji  d 

\-    •■'..;/,  yellow.]    >i'lli>«  fever,  an  acute  Infectloun 
fever,  endemic  In  tropical  countries,  and  occurring  as  an  epi- 
demic in  temperate   tow       yellow  Jackt.    yellow  spot. 
I.   \  small  yellowish  spol  In  the  retina,  the  region  of  most 
acute  vision    '!.  an  American  butterfly  with  a  yellow  blotch 
mi  the  hind  wing,     yel low-bird",  n.     1.  The    In 
goldfinch.    2.  The  yellow  warbler,    8.  The  golden  oriole 
ret!ow-b.am"mer,  n      I.  an  Old  World  bui 
yellow  and  black,    'i.  [U.S.]  The  golden*wlngi 
er     yellow-lab.,  a.    yellowdack^eti  n      \ 

ed  with  yellow,     yellow-ly,  adv.     yellow-ness,  t 
fellow  Sea.     \  sulf  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  on  the  x.  I 
na  and  the  \\    i  oa  I  of  I  ihi  WO  m. 

Fellow-stone,  r  In  x 

\v.  \'.  !   oentral   B    Montana;  1,100  m    to  the 

Fellowstone  National  Park,  a  reserve  set 
apan  In  1872  from  pan.-,  ol  Wyoming,  Idaho,  and  Montana, 
fur  the  preservation  of  natural  resources  and  game;  8,312 

yelp,  1  yelp;  2  yelp.    I'.  vi.    To  utter  a  sharp  or  shrill  cry; 
a  yelp.    II."      \  sharp,  shrill  cry;  a  sharp,  crying 

hark,  SB  "I  B  AS.  gtelp  ] 

\  em 'en,  l  .  ■  tn'i  □    3     ■  m'en,  n     A  dl  irici  in 

B.  W.  Arabia.    Asiatic  Turkey;   73, son 

POP   7." 

yen,  1  yen;   2  yen.  n.     The  monetary  unit  of  the 

Japanese  coinage:  value  about  60  cents.    Bee 

Vcn"l-se'l,  1  ■    i.  n.     A  river 

In  N.  W.  Siberia:  2,600  m.  to  the  Arctic  ocean. 

I eo'man,  i  l  •■■■'•■  n,  n      [i  bo'- 

yo'man8, )  mi.s,  pi.]  1.  (Kng.)  Afreeholder 
nezl  under  the  rank  ol  gentleman;  in  mod- 
ern usage,  a  farmer.  Z.  [U.S.Navy.]  A 
pet  iy  ..Hirer  in  charge  ol  me  de- 

partment on  hoard  ship.  |<  AS.  0&,  dis- 
trict, -  man,  man.]  yeo'man-ly,  '/.  \  s 
in  or  yeomen;  stanchly;  bravely,  yeo'- 
nian-llki-:.  yeo'man-ry,  u  I.  The  col- 
lective body  of  yeomen;  freemen;  farm 
[Eng.]  a  home  guard  of  cavalry  consisting  of 
gentlemen  and  gentlemen  farmers. 

><-rk,  1  vOrk:  2  ySrk.  [Prov.  or  Obs.]  I«.  a 
Tojerk.  JQUn.  AJerk.  [-WBK.]  .       n,„iKhYeo- 

Fes,  1  As  you  say,  truly;  jus!     manfmod- 

ho.     [<  AS.  eisc.eisc,  prob.  <  gea,  yea,  +  .si, 

be  It  SO.) 

yes'ter-,  1  yi  s'tsr-;  2  yes'ter-,  prefi  t     Pertaimng  to  the 
!  <  AS.  gee  Iron-.]— 

res'ter-day.     I.  n.     I.  The  day  preceding  to*da 

sly,  the  near  ;,  ii.  0    the  day  last  past. — 

res'ter-eve"nlng,  ".    The  evening  or     ■   terda       yes'- 

ter-e\<-":;  ><-^'ter-e"M-ii:.     >  i-s'lcr-nlght".     I.  a.     The 

nii;iit  lasl  pa  •      if.  i        in  "r  during  the  night  last  past. 

yest'yt, 

.1.  f6t,adv.    I.  In  addition;  besides;  furthei     ''.. 

ful  ure  '  ime    ■  t  en!  uallj      3.  In  son- 

a  previous  state  01  condition;  still.    4.  At 


1:8=  final;    1  =  habit;    aisle;    au  =  out;    ell;    111  =  feud;    cliin;    go;    rj  =  sino;    Chin,   this.  yr. 

885  2:  wolf,  dft;  book,   boot;  full,   rule,  cure,   but,   burn;  611,  bdy;  go,  gem;  ink;   thin,   this.  zorll 


wind:  personified  as  a  sylvan  deity.    [L.,  <  Gr.  zephyros, 
west  wind.] 

Zep"pe-lin',  1  tsep'a-lin';  2  tsep"e-lin',  n.  1.  Ferdinand  A. 
A.  II.,  Count  von  (1838-1917),  a  German  general;  aeronaut 
and  air-ship  builder.  2.  One  of  several  types  of  dirigible 
balloons  named  after  Count  von  Zeppelin.     See  balloon. 

Zer"matt',  1  tser'mat';  2  tser"mat',  re.  A  mountain  resort 
in  S.  W.  Switzerland;  elevation,  5.315  ft.;  pop.  2,000. 

ze'ro,  1  zl'ro;  2  ze'ro,  n.  1.  The  numeral  0;  a  cipher.  2. 
The  absence  of  quantity;  nothing.  3.  The  point  where 
a  continuous  function  changes  its  sign  from  plus  to 
minus,  or  vice  versa.  4.  The  point  on  a  scale,  as  of  a 
thermometer,  from  which  measures  are  counted;  hence, 
the  lowest  point.    [  <  Ar.It+F  sifr,  zero.] 

zest,  1  zest;  2  zPst.  Id.  vt.  To  give  a  zest  or  relish  to; 
make  piquant.  II.  n.  1.  Agreeable  excitement  of  the 
mind  accompanying  exercise,  mental  or  physical.  2. 
That  which  imparts  such  excitement.  3.  An  agreeable 
and  piquant  flavor,  as  of  a  sweet  or  spice,  especially  if 
added  to  the  usual  flavor.  [  <  Gr.L+p  schistos,  divided, 
cleft.]    Syn.:  see  appetite;  relish. 

zeug'ma,  1  ziug'me;  2  zug'ma,  re.  Gram.  A  figure  in  which  an 
adjective  is  made  to  modify  or  a  verb  to  govern  two  nouns, 
with  only  one  of  which  it  seems  to  be  logically  connected, 
the  modifying  or  governing  word  being  conceived  to  alter 
its  meaning  slightly  as  applied  to  the  second  noun.  [L., 
<  Gr.  zeugma,  <  zeugnymi,  join.] 

Zeus,  1  zitis;  2  zus,  re.  The  supreme  deity  of  the  Greeks,  an- 
swering to  the  Roman  Jupiter;  the  presiding  divinity  of 
Mount  Olympus.  (B.C.). 

Zeux'ls,  1  ziuks'is;  2  zuks'is,  n.  A  Greek  painter  (450?-396? 

Z.  G.,  abbr.    Zoological  Garden. 

zib'et,  1  zib'et;  2  zib'et,  re.    Same  as  civet.    zib'etht- 

zig'zag",  1  zig'zag";  2  zig'zag".  [zig'zagged";  zig'zag"- 
ging.]  I.  vt.  &  vi.  To  form  or  accomplish  in  a  zigzag 
manner;  form  a  zigzag,  or  move  in  zigzags.  II.  a.  Hav- 
ing a  series  of  short  alternating  turns  or  angles  from  side 
to  side,  as  a  channel.  III.  re.  A  series  of  short,  sharp 
turns  or  angles  from  one  side  to  the  other  in  succession, 
or  something,  as  a  path,  characterized  by  such  angles. 
IV.  adv.  In  a  zigzag  manner.  [F.,  <  G.  zickzack,  re- 
duplication of  zacke,  sharp  point.) 

zinc,  1  zirjk;  2  zinc.  I1,  vt.  To  coat  or  cover  with  zinc. 
II.  re.  A  bluish-white  metallic  element  occurring  mostly 
in  combination:  extensively  used  in  the  arts,  as  in  the 
manufacture  of  brass,  and  for  roofing,  etc.,  also  as  the 
positive  element  in  electric  batteries.  See  element. 
[F.,  <  G.  zink,  zinc] — zinc-if'er-ous,  zlnk-if'er-ous,  a. 
Yielding  zinc,  as  ore.— zinc-og'ra-pher,  re.  An  expert  in 
zincography. — zlnc-o-graph'lc,  a.  Pertaining  to  zincog- 
raphy. zinc-o-graph'I-calt.— zinc-og'ra-phy,  re.  The 
art  of  etching  on  zinc  for  producing  plates  for  printing. — 
zlnc'ic,  a.  zlnck'yt;  zlnk'yt.— zlnc'ous,  a.  Pertaining 
to  or  derived  from  zinc. 

ZIn'ga-ro,  1  tsirj'ga-ro;2  tsin'ga-ro,  re.  [-ri,  pi.]  [It.]  A  gipsy. 
Zin'ga-not.— Zin'ga-ra,  re.  fern.    [-re.  pi.] 

Zl'on,  1  zai'an;2  zl'on,  re.  Bib.  1.  A  hill  in  Jerusalem,  the  site 
of  the  royal  residence  of  David  and  his  successors;  hence, 
the  ancient  Hebrew  theocracy  or  the  modern  Church  of 
Christ.  2.  Heaven. — Zl'on-ism,  re.  A  movement  for  a  re- 
settlement of  the  Jews  in  Palestine  and  for  the  advance- 
ment of  their  interests. — Zi'on-ist,  a.  &  re. — Zl'on-ward, 
adv.    Toward  Zion;  God  ward;  heavenward. 

zir'con,  1  zur'kon;  2  zir'con,  n.  An  adamantine,  vari- 
ously colored  silicate,  certain  varieties  of  which  are 
cut  into  gems.  [F.,  <  Per.  zar,  gold,  +  gun,  color.] — 
zlr-co'ni-a,  re.  Chem.  A  white  zirconium  oxid  obtained 
by  heating  the  metal  to  redness  in  contact  with  air:  used  in 
some  incandescent  burners,  zir'co-nat. — zir-co'ni-um, 
re.  Chem.  An  earthy  metallic  element  whose  salts  find 
limited  use.    See  element. 

zith'er,     )  1  zith'ar,  zith'arn;  2  zTth'er,  zith'ern,  re.     A 

zith'ern,  J  simple  form  of  stringed  instrument,  having  a 
flat  sounding-board,  and  strings  that  are  stopped  with 
the  fingers  of  the  left  hand  and  plucked  with  those  of 
the  right.  See  musical  instruments.  [G.,  <  L.  cithara; 
see  guitar]    zlt'tert;  zlt'terni. 

zn.,  abbr.    Zinc. 

ZO'di-aC,  1  z6'dl-ak;  2  zo'di-ae,  n.  1.  Astron.  An  imagi- 
nary belt  encircling  the  heavens  and  extending  about  8° 
on  each  side  of  the  ecliptic,  within  which  are  the  larger 
planets.  It  is  divided  into  twelve  parts,  called  signs 
of  the  zodiac,  which  formerly  corresponded  to  twelve  con- 
st illations  bearing  the  same  names.  Now,  owing  to  the 
precession  of  the  equinoxes,  each  constellation  is  In  the  sign 
that  has  the  name  next  following  Its  own.  The  following 
are  the  Latin  names  of  the  signs  In  their  order,  with  their 
English  equivalents.  Spring:  Aries  (nam)  r  ;  Taurus  (Bull) 
8;  Gemini  (Twins)  11.  Summer:  Cancer  (Crab)  O;  Leo 
(Lion)  H;  Virgo  (Virgin)  nil.  Autumn:  Libra  (Balance)  "  ; 
Scorpio   (Scorpion)  ill;     Sagittarius    (Archer)   t.     Winter: 


Terrestrial  Zones. 


Capricornus  (He  goat)  V3;  Aquarius  (Water-carrier)  W, 
Pisces  (Fishes)  X. 

2.  Figuratively,  a  complete  circuit;  round.  [<Gr.L+F 
zodiakos,  of  animals.] — zo-di'a-cal,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to 
the  zodiac. — zodiacal  light,  a  disk  of  faint  light  surround- 
ing the  sun  seen  as  a  triangular  pillar  of  light  In  the  west 
at  the  end  of  evening  twilight  in  the  winter  and  spring,  or 
in  the  east  before  daybreak  from  September  till  January. 

zo'ic,  1  zo'ik;  2  zo'ic,  a.  1.  Pertaining  to  or  characterized  by 
animals  or  animal  life.  2.  Geol.  Containing  fossils:  said  of 
rocks.    [<  Gr.  zOikos,  <  zOon,  animal,  <  zaO,  live.] 

Zo'i-Ius,  1  z5'i-lus;  2  zo'i-lus,  re.  A  Greek  critic  of  the  4th 
century  B.  C,  noted  for  his  strictures  on  the  Homeric  poems: 
hence,  specif.,  any  carping  critic  or  detractor. — Zo-il'e-an,  n. 

Zo"la',  1  zo"la'  or  (Aug.)  zo'la;  2  zo"la'  or  (Aug.)  zo'la,  Emile 
(1840-1902).    A  French  novelist  of  the  realistic  school. 

zoll'ver-ein',  1  tsol'far-ain;  2  tsol'fer-In,  re.  1.  A  former 
trade-league  constituted  by  twenty-six  of  the  states  of  what 
is  now  the  German  empire.  2.  Hence,  a  union  of  states  for 
tariff  purposes.     [G.,  <  zoll,  custom,  +  verein,  union.] 

zone,  1  zon;  2  zon,  re.  1.  One  of  five  divisions  of  theearth's 
surface,  enclosed  between  two  parallels  of  latitude  and 
named  from  the  prevailing 
climate.  These  are  the  torrid 
zone,  extending  on  each  side 
of  the  equator  23°  27';  the 
temperate  zones,  included 
between  the  parallels  23°  27' 
and  66°  33'  on  both  sides  of  i 
the  equator;  and  the  frigid  I 
zones,  within  the  parallels  66° 
33'  and  the  poles.  2.  Hence, 
in  recent  usage  a  region  pro- 
scribed for  neutrals  as  being 
within  the  range  of  military 
or  naval  operations.  3.  A  strip 
of  land.     See  Canal  Zone. 

4.  A  belt,  band,  stripe,  etc., 
distinguished  by  color  or  the  like,  encircling  an  object. 

5.  Originally  (now  chiefly  in  poetry),  a  belt  or  girdle. 
[F.,  <  Gr.L+sP  zone,  girdle.] — zo'nal,  a.  Pertaining  to 
or  marked  by  zones. — zoned,  a.  1.  Wearing  a  girdle.  2. 
Marked  with  zones. — zone'less,  a.  Having  no  girdle. — 
zo'nule,  re.     A_small  zone,  belt,  or  ring,     zoiiu-la!. 

zoo,  1  zfi;  2  zoo,  n.  A  zoological  garden.  [Abbr.  of 
zoological].  [animal:  combining  forms. 

zo'o-,  zo-,  1  zo'o-,  zo-;  2  zo'o-,  zo-.     From  Greek  zoon, 

zoogeog.,  abbr.     Zoogeography. 

zo"o-ge-og'ra-phy,  re.  The  science  or  description  of  the  dis- 
tribution of  animals  on  the  surface  of  the  globe;  faunal  geog- 
raphy. [<  zoo-  +  geography.]  —  zo"o-ge-og'ra-pher, 
re. — zo"o-ge"o-graph 'lc  or  -i-cal,  a.  -i-cal-ly,  adv. — zo- 
og'ra-phy,  re.  The  branch  of  zoology  that  describes  ani- 
mals. —  zo-og'ra-pher,  re.  zo-og'ra-phlstj.  —  zo"o- 
graph'ic,  -i-cal,  a.— zo'old.  I.  a.  Having  essentially  the 
nature  of  an  animal.  II.  re.  Zool.  1.  (1)  One  of  the  more  or 
less  independent  products  of  non-sexual  reproduction  in  a 
colonial  or  compound  organism.  2.  Biol.  An  organic  body 
of  obscure  relationships,  or  an  organic  cell  capable  of  in- 
dependent motion.    [+  -oid.] 

zool.,  abbr.    Zoological,  zoology. 

zo-ol'a-try,  re.  Animal-worship.  [<  zoo-  -f  Gr.  lamia, 
worship.]  zo"o-la'trl-at.— zo'o-litc,  re.  A  petrified  ani- 
mal.    [+-LITE.]     zo'o-lltlit. 

zo-ol'o-gy,  1  zo-el'o-ji;  2  zo-ol'o-gy,  n.  1.  The  science 
that  treats  of  animals  with  reference  to  their  structure, 
functions,  development,  analysis,  nomenclature,  and 
classification.  2.  The  animal  kingdom,  or  local  exam- 
ples of  it,  regarded  biologically.  3.  A  scientific  treatise 
on  animals.  [  <  zoo-  +  -logy.]— zo"o-log 'i-cal,  a.— 
zo"o-log 'i-cal-ly,  adv.— zo-ol'o-glst,  re. 

zo-om'e-try,  re.  Measurement  of  the  parts  of  animals  and  de- 
termination of  their  relative  magnitude.  [zoo-+  (ir.  metron, 
measure.] — zo'on,  re.  [zo'ons  or  ZO'A,  /;/.]  A  developed 
Individual  of  a  compound  animal. — zo-on'o-my,  re.  The 
science  of  the  laws  of  animal  life  as  distinguished  from 
those  of  vegetable  life.     [+  -nomy.]— Zo-oph'a-ga,  n.  pi. 

1.  Mam.   A  section  of  marsupials  with  carnivorous  habits. 

2.  Mam.  Carnivorous  mammals.  [+  (Jr.  pliayrln,  eat.]  — 
zo-opli'a-gan,  a.  &  re.— zo-opli 'a-gous,  a.  Feeding  on 
animals.— zo'o-phyte,  re.  An  Invertebrate  animal  resem- 
bling a  plant,  as  a  coral  or  sponge.  [+  Gr.  phulon,  planl  I 
— zo"o-phyt'lc,  -i-cal,  a.  —  zo'o-spore,  re.  Bot.  A  spore 
possessing  the  power  of  independent  motion.— zo-ot'le,  a 
Containing  evidences  of  former  life,  as  certain  soils.— zo- 
ot'o-my,  re.  The  dissection  of  animals;  comparative  anat- 
omy. —  zo"o-tom'lc  or  -I-cal,  a.  —  zo"o-toni 'I-cal-ly . 
adv.— zo-ot'o-mlst,  n. 

/.or 'II.  1  zor'il;  2  z6r'il,  re.  1.  An  African  skunk-like  carnivore, 
as  the  Cape  polecat.  2.  An  American  skunk.  Sec  lllus.  on 
next  page.  [<  F.  zorillc,  <  Sp.  zorilla,  whelp  of  fox,  < 
zurra,  fox.]    zor'lllcf. 


-I  ,  r 
f  >  in. .il. 


farr.   fu-  .         hit.  poll         ...     |A     i\oi,  Or;   Mill,  rnl.';   DOt,  I.Orn; 

...  i     i        i  i  ...  noi,  At,  wo;.,    ggf 


|  ...i.    I...  k . 


(Ml  Iki 


/  > 

Mil 


/in    .1.  r  /. 
O'tt-J'i: 


.(  Ibe 

in  tril«'  | 

.  ■ 
N 


Ignaeto  (1870 


). 


\  rormcr  lint i-ti 

I      Ml   . 
/ll    III.  :  ..f  till' 

/ll    III. 

K'lUer- 

I     nra  In  8.  1     Nether- 
in  000 
anufacturlng  town 


H  Ill-ill  | 

I  until  null i  M-H..U  color,    |i  I  I 

Zwlns  n.  i  Irli  ii       llnl. in  i,  h  1 1  im 

I  ii.  r 

«>  '«•►-.  »>*-.    I 

■  umblulng  i.. i  hi' 
>>-(..  nia.  1   . 

aid  nuuai  in. n.-.  ..ii  i in-    iii.  .it  tin- 
skull  .    -.  oka  I     i)  "h.'mii.ii  i.  . 

I. .r  'pilous,  i.i  laibla 

me  plans       i       .'>.... 

/>  "(o-liior'plilr: .      /)  'go-spore,    . 

I.  A     pori    lorraod  Bj   the  conjugation  ..f  two  apparently 
toplssmlo  bodli       I  so-sp©rei|  it 'go-sperm  . 

/it"i.         ■  •  mi  .I    i i  of ..  ii:.  i  ii  fungi     I  ■    iporc'I 

/i    mi-.  I  ,i  \i       »'.    \n 

■  ..in. ii.-  fermontai Ion, 
I)  nil-.    ;  .     i.    .       I.    \   i.  im.  hi       '!.    \  .i 

;  to  In-  i he  specific  mol  io 

. ...  boil  I     />  'iiilc  .i      (  in  in. 
Relating  t.>  «.r  produoed  by  fermentation     lymle  arid. 
Impure  lay  tic  acid,    mmlc  acid . , 
/>  in..-.  tym!,  leaven  com- 

bining form      /)-iinii  'n-ic> ,  n      rbo  study  of  the  prlnolpli  i 
of  fermentation.  [•  />  "mn-ioii'i«',-i-r:ii. -■      />- 

mo4'o-glst,n      ly-mom'e-ter,    n,      An   Instrument   fur 
measuring  the  degree  of  fermentation.    I  i  -mi  rail  i 
gy-mo'slSj  l  i ■  form  nf 

fermentation;    especiall  fermentation.      '!. 

mtagious  or  infi  cl  i luced  by  moi  - 

bific  fermentation.    |  •    I  •  men!  | 

/>-mn(  'it-,  i  sai-met'ik;  .  Relating  to  or 

produoed  by  fermentation.    [<  Gr. 

■ymotic    disease,  an]   epidemic  ox 
produced  by  proa     ..r  fei  mentation. 


1:»— final:     I  =  hall        cii  mi  .-.     oil;     lu  =  f<-ud;     Chin;     go;     rj  =  sinf/;    fhin.    this. 
I'oot;   full,   rule,   cQre.   but,   burn;   611,  boy;  fco.   Rein;   iok;    thin.    thia. 


FOREIGN  WORDS,  PHRASES,  ETC.,  CURRENT  IN  ENGLISH 

LITERATURE. 


a  bas.    [F.]    Down  with:  opposed  to  vive,  long  live. 

a  beau  jeu,  beau  retour.    [F]    "Tit  for  tat." 

a  bene  placito.    [It.)    At  pleasure;  at  one's  will. 

ab.  [L.]  Off;  from;  away.— ab  extra.  From  without.— ab 
imo  pectore.  From  the  bottom  of  the  heart. — ab  Incon- 
venient!. From  the  inconvenience  involved. — ab  Incuna- 
bulis.  From  the  cradle.— ab  initio.  From  the  beginning. 
— ab  intra.  From  within.— ab  origine.  From  the  origin. 
— ab  ovo.  From  the  egg;  from  the  origin.— ab  ovo  usque 
ad  mala.  From  egg  to  apples  (as  in  Roman  banquets); 
from  beginning  to  end  of  a  feast. 

abeunt  studia  in  mores.    [L.]    Pursuits  influence  character. 

a  bon  chat,  bon  rat.  [F.]  To  good  cat,  good  rat;  well» 
matched.     [Cp.  "Diamond  cut  diamond."] 

a  bon  droit.    [F.]    With  justice. 

a  bon  marehe.    [F.]    At  a  good  bargain;  cheap. 

abonnement.    [F]    Subscription. 

a  bras  ouverts.    [F.]    With  open  arms. 

absence  d'esprit.    [F.]    Absent-mindedness. 

absente  reo.    [L]    In  the  absence  of  the  defendant. 

absit  invidia.    [L.]    No  offense  intended. 

absit  omen.  [L.]  May  there  be  no  [ill]  omen,  as,  for  exam- 
ple, in  the  word  one  has  just  used. 

absque.    [L.]    Without.— absque  hoc.    Without  this. 

ab  uno  disce  omnes.    [L.]    From  one  learn  all. 

ab  urbe  condita.    [L.]    From  the  building  of  the  city  (Rome) . 

a  capite  ad  calcem.    [L.]    From  head  to  heel.  [himself. 

aecusare  nemo  se  debet.    [L.)    No  one  is  bound  to  criminate 

acervatlm.    [L.]    By  heaps;  in  heaps. 

acharne.    [F.]    Furious;  bloodthirsty. 

a  cheval.    [F.j    On  horseback. 

a  eompte.    [F.]    On  account;  in  part  payment. 

a  corps  perdu.    [F.]    Headlong;  at  breakneck  speed. 

a  coups  de  baton.    [F.]    With  blows  of  a  stick  or  cudgel. 

a  coup  sur.    [F.[    With  certainty;  without  fail. 

a  couvert.    [F.]    Under  cover;  sheltered. 

actum  est  de  republica.  [L.]  It  is  all  over  with  the  republic. 

ad.  [L.]  To;  toward;  with  regard  to. — ad  arbitrium.  At 
will. — ad  astra.  To  the  stars  (to  exalted  place  or  state).— 
ad  calendas  Grsecas.  At  the  Greek  calends — that  is, 
never — as  the  Greeks  had  no  calends  in  their  mode  of  reckon- 
ing.— ad  eundem.  To  the  same  (standing) ,  as  in  a  college. 
— ad  extremum.  At  last. — ad  fincm.  To  the  end. — ad 
hoc.  With  respect  to  this. — ad  homlnem.  To  the  (indi- 
vidual) man. — ad  Infinitum.  To  an  infinite  degree  or 
extent;  endlessly. — ad  inquirendum.  For  inquiry  (a  judi- 
cial writ). — ad  instar.  After  the  fashion  of. — ad  interim. 
In  the  mean  time;  during  the  interval. — ad  Internecio- 
nem.  To  extermination. — ad  libitum.  At  will;  as  much  as 
one  pleases. — ad  modum.  After  the  manner  of. — ad 
nauseam.  To  the  point  of  disgust  or  revulsion. — ad  pa- 
tres.  [Gathered]  to  his  fathers  (i.  e.,  dead). — ad  quod 
damnum.  To  what  damage. — ad  referendum.  For  fur- 
ther consideration. — ad  rem.  To  the  thing;  to  the  point; 
direct.— ad  Minimum.  To  the  highest  point;  to  the  high- 
est amount. — ad  unguent.  To  the  finger=nail;  to  a  nicety. 
— ad  valorem.  According  to  the  value,  as  certain  customs 
duties.— ad  vlvum.    To  the  quick;  to  the  life. 

ad  astra  per  aspera.  [L.]  To  the  stars  through  bolts  and 
bars.    (Motto  of  Kansas.) 

a  dato.    [L.]    From  date. 

ad  captandum  vulgus.    [L.]    To  catch  the  crowd. 

a  deml.  [F.]  Half  (2.  e.,  to  the  extent  of  one=nalf) ;  half  or 
by  halves  (i.  e.,  imperfectly). 

a  Deo  et  rege.    [L.]    From  God  and  the  king. 

a  desseln.    [F.]    On  purpose. 

a  deux  fins.    Good  for  two  uses. 

a  deux  mains.    [F.]    With  both  hands. 

a  discretion.    [F.]    At  discretion;  without  limit. 

a  droite.    [F.]    To  the  right;  to  the  right  hand. 

ad  vitam  aut  culpam.  [L.]  For  life  or  during  good  behavior. 

aequahillter  et  diligenter.    [L.]    Steadily  and  diligently. 

aequanimiter.    [i,.]    Composedly. 

aequo  anlmo.    ]L.]    With  equal  [equable]  mind. 

sere  pcrennlus.    [LJ    More  enduring  tlian  bronze. 

aetatls  sua1.    [I..]    Of  his  [or  her]  age. 

affaire  d'amour.    [F.]    Love  affair. 

affaire  d'honneur.    [F.]    Affair  of  honor;  a  duel. 

affaire  du  carnr.    [F.]    Affair  of  the  heart. 

afflrmatim.    [!,.)    In  the  affirmative. 

a  fin.    [F.]    Incorrectly  written  for  a  la  fin. 

afin  de.    [F]     In  order  to. 

afln  que.    [F.]    To  the  end  that. 

aloud      [I'l    To  the  bottom;  thoroughly. 

(887) 


a  fortiori.    [L.]    By  a  stronger  reason;  all  the  more. 

a  gauche.    [F.]    To  the  left;  to  the  left  hand. 

agenda.  [L.j    Things  to  be  done;  matters  needing  attention. 

age  quod  agis.    [L.]    Do  what  you  do  carefully. 

Agnus  Del.    [L.]    The  Lamb  of  God. 

a  grands  frais.    [F.]    At  great  expense.  [will  help  you. 

aldestoi,  et  leclel  t'aidera.    [F.]    Help  yourself,  and  heaven 

a  la.     [F.]     To  the;  at  the;  in  the,  etc.:  used  in  phrases. — a 

('abandon.    At  loose  ends;  at  random. — a  la  belle  etoile. 

Under  the  stars;  in  the  open  air.— a  la  bonne  heure.    In 

the  nick  of  time. — a  1'abrl.    Under  cover  or  shelter. — a  la 

fin.    To  or  at  the  end;  finally. — a  la  francaise.     In  the 

French  style. — a  la  mode.    According  to  the  mode;  in  the 

fashion. — a  l'outrance.     Erroneous  for  A  outrance,  to 

the  utmost. 
alia  tentanda  via  est.    [L.]    Another  way  must  be  tried. 
a  I'improviste.    [F.]    On  a  sudden;  unawares. 
alls  volat  propriis.     [L.]     She  flies  with  her  own  wings. 

(Motto  of  Oregon.) 
all'  alba.    [It.]    At  daybreak. 
alia  vostra  salute.    [It.]    To  your  health. 
allez=vous=en!    [F.]    Go!  off  with  you!  begone! 
a  lions.     [F.j    Let  us  go;  come  (in  familiar  discourse). 
alter  ego.    [L.]    My  other  self;  bosom  friend. 
alter  idem.    [L.]    Another  self. 
alterum  tantum.    [L.]    As  much  again. 
a  main  armee.    [F.]    By  force  of  arms. 
amende  honorable.    [F.]    Public  reparation  or  apology. 
a  mensa  et  t(h)oro.    [L.]    From  bed  and  board:  applied  to 

legal  separation  of  husband  and  wife  without  divorce. 
a  mervellle.    [F.]    To  the  point  of  miracle:  wonderfully. 
amici  probantur  rebus  adversis.    [L.]    Friends  are  tested 

by  adversity. 
amicus  curiae.    [L.]    A  friend  of  the  court. 
amor  minimi.    [L.]    Love  of  the  dollar. 
amoroso.    [It.]    1.  A  lover.    2.  Tenderly. 
amor  patriae.    [L.]    Love  of  country. 
amour  fait  beaucoup,  mais  argent  fait  tout.    [F.]    Love 

is  mighty,  but  money  is  almighty. 
amour  propre.    [F.]    SelMove;  self»esteem. 
ancien  regime.    [F.]    Ancient  order  of  things. 
animls  oplbusque  parati.    [L.]    Ready  in  soul  and  resource. 

(Part  of  the  twofold  motto  of  South  Carolina.) 
anno  aetatis  suae.    [L.]    In  the  year  of  his  [or  her]  age. 
anno  Christi.    [L.]    In  the  year  of  Christ. 
anno  Domini  (A.  D.).    [L.]    In  the  year  of  bur  Lord;  in  the 

Christian  era. 
anno  mundi.    [L.]    In  the  year  of  the  world  (t.  e.,  when  the 

creation  is  taken  to  be  4004  B.  C). 
anno  urbis  condltae  (A.  U.  C).     [L.]    In  [such  or  such  a] 

year  [reckoned]  from  the  founding  of  the  city  (2.  e.,  Rome: 

commonly  reckoned  as  753  B.  C). 
antebellum.    [L.]  Before  the  war;  especially,  before  the  Civil 

War  in  the  United  States. 
ante  meridiem.    [L.]    Before  the  sun  reaches  the  meridian; 

before  noon:  usually  abbreviated  A.  M. 
a  outrance.    [F.]    To  the  bitter  end;  to  the  last  extremity. 
a  pas  de  geanfc.    [F.]    With  giant  stride. 
a  peu  pres.    [F.]    Nearly. 

a  point.    [F.]    To  a  nicety;  exactly;  just  enough. 
a  posse  ad  esse.    [L.]    From  possibility  to  actuality. 
a  posteriori.    [L.]    From  that  which  follows;  from  effect  to 

cause. 
apparatus  belli.    [L.]    Materials  of  war 
appartement.    [F.]    Two  or  more  rooms  en  suite;  a  "flat  " 
appul.    [F.]    Support;  prop. 
apres  mol  (or  nous)  le  deluge.    [F.]    After  me  (or  us)  the 

deluge:  attributed  to  Louis  XV.,  but  originating  with  Mine. 

de  Pompadour. 
a  prima  vista.    [It.]    At  first  sight. 

a  priori.    [L.l    From  what  is  before;  from  cause  to  effect, 
a  propos  de  rlen.    [F.]    Apropos  of  nothing. 
arbiter  blbendl.    [L.l    Toastmaster. 

arbiter  elegantiae.    [L.]    A  judge  in  matters  of  taste,    ar- 
biter elegantiarumf . 
arcana  csolcstla.    [I..]    Celestial  mysteries. 
arcana  imperii.    [L.l    State  secrets. 
arc<en<ciel.   [F.J    Rainbow. 
a  rez  de  chaussee.    [F.]    On  the  ground  floor. 
argumcntiim  ad   homlnem.     |l..|     An  argumen;   to  tho 

man  [addressed]  (/.  e.,  founded  on  the  principles  or  practises 

of  an  opponent  himself). 
a  rlvcdcrcl.    [It.]  Until  wo  meet  again;  adieu. 
arrcctls  aurlbus.    [L.]    With  erect  ears;  attentively. 
arriere-pensee.     [F.]     A  mental  reservation;  concealed  pur- 
pose;  afterthought. 


irtcin 

IV    II  1 1  •  •    lll-i   i      "III  111   s 


sss 


v     M 
tntaa. 


vpcrt 


tiers 
lip.il! 


»!••>    r  . 

•  I- 

•  rllum   '•».  •  j»I  >  11  r .  11 . 
allium   nii«t.t.  r 
a  lAluai 

a  lout  i'M\  I 

■  I  %|x-»  una  Im  11 

■    >!■■ 

AUiljli  «  ■    f"f  I  U  !>■»    I  U  >    *  ' 

>U    dr-.  -|M.|r 

illdl   allrram    |i  if  I.  m 

111  fill 

iuI  W  I 

tU(U>lllll   (    "111. -"I.. 

in  plal-lr  dr  >.«u»  r.  >..|r.       I  nil  1  have  : 

[parting. 
1U   rri.dr.  -..In:  an  MpTI 

aurl  varra  fame-.. 

au-pirium  iii.u.Ti-   .it  happier  time. 

iu».  it. it  dli.BUuliAt  f.iii  ..!  than  done." 

.in, u  -  ..r  nothing. 

an  ir. .1-1.  in.  '  floor;  In  the  Ililni  story 

iuI  ilnr.r.    .nil  mi.  irl.  I    !l..T  to  ri.iujiirr  or  to  die. 

iui  inn.  i! 

auilllum  ab  ill...  nigh. 

IIUl  ■  our.  i» r 

inni  propoo.     I       1-     :;   nary  matter; pre! 
.'-Ir.       1 

a  >.  ri.i-  ».i  r era* ra.  to  blowi 

a  iinrulo  matrimonii,  i  r..m  the  marriage  bond. 

ail-,    la  fill.       ! 

a  in.lt..   I..-H.  |.|  i,  It..  V       HIT  ;.:.  asure;  as  you  will. 

a  >..tr.  -ant.  .  .i  i  ui-lr.i -.iltnl.  .health. 

It 

banco  r.-«i-.  bench. 

I.. i-  i.l.  ii  .......  king. 

hattr.   I  i  c  .nii|i  ign4  itry. 

brau  in. .ii. I.  .rid. 

b*-aui  i  Mi,  I  fair  face. 

UN.'  iiorrl.U  tx-ll.t : 
|m  i  i  ii  ii  i  l.  thalc.  war. 

.urn   arrlpcre   lilM-n.il. -in   est   vendere.     [I. .]     To 
ace*-,  -  'l"  liberty. 

brneplarllo. 

benlcno  numlne.      1        With  favoring  providence. 
htm  troL-it... 
bete  noire. 

blen  ent- ii  In.      1        Well  understood:  naturally;  of  course, 
bli-unlum.  years, 

hi.  -in  .ii  ii  .'.  •  come. 

billet  ll'lllliwi  -letter;  billet-doux. 

bl«    dat    nul    rlto    dat.     [L.]     He   gives    twice   who    elves 

[war  Is  not  i» 
•  ir     In   ixll..  non  licet.     [L.|     To  blunder  twice  in 
bl-  pu.rl  -.to  •-.  !  men  are  children  twice. 

iM.n  ami.      I  [willy-nilly. 

Im.ii  ir..  mal  ere.       i  With  good  grace  or  with  111  grace; 

Ixnil-  ailbu-  ■ !  auspices. 

bon  Jour.      1        ',--::.      g     -1  morning.  [tidbit. 

bonne  bom  be.  I  mouthful:  dainty  rn 

Im.iih.    .  t   1..  II.    a--.  /.  ;  and  pretty  enough. 

bonne  f..i 

I...H   -"Ir  :ilng. 

Ixin  iu)ate.  .yagetoyoul 

Mmtwem  m.irht  Borgf  Mug  makes  sorrowing. 

■  >n  aiant.  -ard. 

br.i.l  .rim.ni|..ii. 
bni.t. 

L.r.%  I  inanii  .rid:  offhand, 

hrul.  r  la  .  hand,  lb-  par  h-  d.  in  boul-.      I    .     To  burn  the 

car.,:  od  extravagantly). 

brutum  fulin.ii.  ml  thunderbolt 

buona    inalp,. 

( 

rjpra  Intldla  I  :nd. 

•  impij-  Martin-.  I    .-.  :     '     [an    for  military  drill). 
randlde  et  raufe.      I.  -,'1  caution. 
rapltulum  or  caput.     [L.]    Section:  chapter, 
captatlo  b.rieioleritl  .  .                              .'Ion. 

caput  mortuum.  \  worthless  residue,  as  of  distillation. 

rara  m  .  ;fe. 

caret  Initio  et  fine.      I.       I 

rarpedlem,  qunn  m  In  I  mum  en  data  postero 

e future. 
emrpen  t  I  i  oUJgere. 

ca-u-  b-lll.  to  warrant  hostilities; 

a  cause  Justifying  a  war 


.  i  ii  -  .  on  -•  i.  n  1 1  . 

.   ill  I  i  -Ine  qui  Hon  ,    eondll  l"ll 

.    in-.    .  .  I.  In.  .   I  iw  [himself 

....  it  .  mptoi 

r«»r  raiiem.  .,f  tin-  doo 

.  ii.  to I.,  turn-  log  li.  •  .1 

read  mil.  i. iii  i.  ;   uid  welcomes:  a  salute 

...I.-. i...  ftrdivlnlt) 

rela  i.t  sails  dire.      II  irsiv 

re  n'eel  que  i<  premier  pu  qui  coQte.     1       tt  Ii  onlj  the 

[dotlre 
r.rtiim  Lit"  i>.  i.  ilium,  i  ;  Bet  a  definite  bound  to  your 
e'eal  i  'lire,     i       i 

r'est  magnlflque.     i        rhal  la  magnificent. 
rV-i  seioii.     i        rhat Is aooordlng to clrcumsl 
e'eat  une  autre  chose,     i       n  it  Is  a  different  affair. 
ceteris  paribus,     i       .  ithei  thin 
rharun  a  son  goat,    ;i       i  wr>  man  to  his  taste 
(  ii.iinp-  i  ii  sees,     i       i  promenade  In  I 

rhapcativ  DMl       I         Hataofll  [air. 

chateau  en  Eapagne.     I        \     tstle  In  Spain;  a  oastle  In  the 

challffc  pled,  ilialllferet  te.       I    |      I  uot-w  aruier 

chef  de  cuisine   or  simply  chef]     [F.J    Male  bead k. 

rbellllll  de  fer.        I  Ell 

clier  ami.  i  Inn   .mil.'.     1 1' J     1  >ear  friend 

i  iiiTibe/ la  feiiiine.    |i'i    Seek  the  woman 
ehe  tart  tart,     it  :    \\  hat  win  be  win  be 

clicial  de  hal.illlc.       I    ]     W  ar-horsc;  main  reliance 

eheraller  d 'Industrie.  |i  ]  Literally,  knight  ol  Industry; 
i  m  nnii.r.  tharper 

rlil  Lire  aiioti-enle.     [II   !     "Silence  gives  0OII 

(  bristo  et  Becleato.     ii    For  i 'brist  and  the  Church. 
ehronlque  teandaleuse.    i  P.]   <  ihronlcle  ol  Bcandals 

d  gn.     i       Her 

rlto.    [1.1    Quickly; soon      cllo  maturum.  clto  putrldum. 

"Soon  ripe,  soon  rotten." 
cnglto,  ergo  sum.     |l.  ]      I  think,  therefore  1  am   (a  famous 

first  principle  in  philosophy  posited  b>  Descartes). 

enllfeiir.     |1    1     llalr-.l 

comme  ii  faut.    [FJ    As  It  should  be;  correct. 

eompagnon  de  royage.     i       i  raveung  oompanion. 

eompte  rendu.    [I   I    An ofllclal report. 

con  amore.    [it  i    With  love;  oheerfullj ;  neartOy. 

eoncio  ad  clerum.    [i.]    Discourse  to  the  i 

confer   ef       1 1,      <  lompare  (op  I . 

eon  sen  d'etat.    [P.]    Council  of  state;  privy  council . 

i-oti  spiriio.    I  it  ]    with  animation 

contra  bonos  mores.    [i,|    Against  good  morals. 

copla  vcrborum.    [I.  I    Plueno]  of  speech. 

cordon  sanltalre.  [II  Sanitary  cordon;  line  of  troops 
posted  to  prevent  spread  of  contagion  or  neatOenoe. 

corps  de  garde.  [FJ  Body  of  men  who  watch  In  a  guard- 
room; the  guard-room  Itself. 

corpus.  [L]  Body—  C.  ChrlStL  Body  Of  Christ.— c. 
delicti.     The  essential  fact  of  the  commission  of  a  crime, 

corrigenda.  (L.)  Things  to  be  corrected:  said  especially  of 
errors  In  printing. 

couleur  de  rose.    [L  ]     Hose-colored:  In  a  favorable  light. 

roup.  [F]  stroke— r.  d'essai.  First  trial — c-  dr  grace. 
The  finishing  or  mortal  stroke:  literally,  the  stroke  of  mercy, 

because  it  brought  death. — r.  de  main.    An  Impetuous  and 

unexpected   action;   a  surprize—  r.   de   maitre.      Mastet 

•   — r.  de  pled.    A  kick— r.  de  plume.    Liters 
aault      c.   de   solell.      Sunstroke,     r.   d'etat.      An   unex- 
pected stroke  of  policy;  a  hold  or  brilliant  piece  of  statesman- 
ship.—c.  de  theatre.     \  theatrical  bit;  hence,  an. 
or  sensational  trick  or  surprize. — c.  d'cell.     A  quick,  com- 
prehensive glance  of  the  e   •■ 
coute  que  coute.    [11    (  ost  what  It  may. 
eredat  JudSBUS  Apella.    [I..1    I^et  the  Jew  Apella  [or  a  super- 

rua  person]  believe  it  ,i  win  not], 
ereme  de  la  creme.    [F.]    ( 'ream  of  the  cream:  the  v.  i 
ereselte  et   mull Ipllcimlnl.     [I.  |     Increase  and  multiply. 
rtto  of  Maryland 

crimen  falsi,    'i.  ]    Crime  of  perjury. 

crux  rrltlrorum.    [I..]     Puzzle  of  critics. 

i  til  bono?    [L.|    For  vhose  advantage?  to  what  end?  of  what 

use'.'  [alice. 

cum  grano  sails.    [[. .]    With  a  grain  of  salt;  with  someallow- 
euneua  euneum  trudlt.    [i.  i    Wedge  drives  wedge. 
curlo-a  fellelta-.      I.  ]     Happy  hit  (after  pains  taken), 
i  tirrente  ealamo.     [  I.  !     \\ 'It h  running  pen;  offhand, 
eu-tos  morum.    [L.)    Guardian  of  manners  (or  of  morals). 

I) 

d'aeeord.    [F.]    Agreed;  in  tuno. 

dame  d'honneur.    [I]    Maid  of  honor. 

dames  .|e  la  balle.     [F]     Market-.' 

damnant  (juod  non  Intelllgunt.    [LJ    They  condemn  what 

do  ret  understand. 
rlsprs  lnempt;e.    [I.|     \  lands  unbought  (made  at  home), 
da-  li.|--l    d.  Ii.  •     [0  :     That  Is. 

de  bonis  non.    [LI    Of  the  goods  not  (yet  administered  on). 
de  bonne  grace.    [F.]    With  good  grace;  cheerfully. 


889 


ars  est  celare  artem 
ex  uno  dlsce  omnes 


deceptlo  vlsiis.    [L.]    Optical  illusion. 

de  die  In  diem.    [L.j    From  day  to  day. 

de  gustibus  non  est  dlsputandum.  [L.]  There  is  no  dis- 
puting about  tastes. 

de  haute  lutte.    [F.]    By  main  force;  by  authority. 

de  haut  en  bas.  [F.]  1.  From  top  to  bottom.  2.  Con- 
temptuously; superciliously. 

Del  gratia.    [L.]    By  the  grace  of  God. 

de  Integra.    [L.]    Anew;  over  again  from  the  start. 

dejeuner  a  la  fourchette.  [F.l  Breakfast  with  the  fork 
(i.  e.,  meat  breakfast) . 

delenda  est  Carthago.    [L.]    Carthage  must  be  destroyed. 

de  mortuls  nil  nisi  bonum.  [L.]  Of  the  dead  [sayl  nothing 
but  good. 

de  novo.    [L.J    From  the  beginning;  once  more;  anew. 

Deo  favente.    [L.]    God  favoring. 

Deo  gratlas.    [L.]    Thanks  to  God. 

Deojuvante.    [L.J    God  helping. 

Deo,  non  fortuna.    [L.]    From  God,  not  from  chance. 

Deo  volente.    [L.]    God  willing:  often  abbreviated  D.  V. 

de  profundis.    [L.]    Out  of  the  depths. 

de  retour.    [F.]    Back  again;  returned. 

de  rlgueur.    [F.]    Imperative;  not  to  be  dispensed  with. 

dernier  ressort.    [F]    A  last  resource. 

der  Tag!     [G.]    The  day 

desobligeant.  [F.)  Disobliging:  name  given  to  a  vehicle 
seating  but  one  person;  sulky. 

desuetudo.    [L.]    Disuse. 

desunt  cetera.    [L.]    The  remainder  is  wanting. 

de  trap.    [F.]    Too  much;  too  many;  out  of  place;  not  wanted. 

detur  digniori.    [L.]    Let  it  be  given  to  the  worthiest. 

deus  ex  machina.  [L.]  A  god  [let  down]  from  the  machine: 
said  in  allusion  to  antique  theatrical  machinery. 

Deus  vobiseum!    [L.]    God  be  with  you! 

Deus  rait.  [L.]  God  wills  it:  the  cry  of  the  people  at  the 
beginning  of  the  first  crusade  (1095). 

Deutschland,  Deutschland  iiber  Alles,  iiber  Alles  In 
der  Welt.  [G.]  Germany,  Germany  above  all  else,  all  else 
In  the  World.  Opening  words  of  a  patriotic  song.  In  which 
the  German  Is  urged  to  love  of  country  "above  all  else." 

dextro  tempore.    [L.]    At  a  lucky  moment. 

dies  Irae,  dies  Ilia.  [L.]  Day  of  wrath,  that  fdreadful]  day: 
first  words  of  ancient  Latin  hymn  on  the  Day  of  Judgment. 

dies  non  juridicus.  [L.]  A  nonjudicial  day,  as  Sunday  or 
any  legal  holiday:  abbreviated  dies  non. 

Dleu  avec  nous.    [F.]    God  with  us. 

Dleu  defend  le  droit!    [F.I    God  defend  the  right! 

Dleu  et  mon  droit.  [F.]  God  and  my  right.  (Motto  of 
Great  Britain.) 

Dleu  vous  garde!  [F.]  God  guard  you!  [by  such  hands. 

dlgnus  vindice  nodus.    [L.]    A  knot  worthy  of  being  loosed 

dll  penates.    [L.]    Household  gods. 

dlos  me  llbre  de  hombre  de  un  libra!  [Sp  |  God  deliver 
me  from  a  man  of  one  book! 

dlrigo.    [L.]    I  direct.    (Motto  of  Maine.) 

disjecta  membra.    [L.]    Scattered  parts. 
listingue.    [F.]    Distinguished. 

distrait.    [F.)    Absent  in  thought;  absent-minded. 

dit.    [F.)    Called  (e.  a.,  "Ant.  Allegri  dit  II  Correggio"). 

dltat  Deus.    [L.]    God  enriches.    (Motto  of  Arizona.) 

divide  et  Impera.  [L.]  Divide  and  govern.  (Motto  of 
Louis  XI.  of  France.) 

dolce  far  nlente.  [It.]  Sweet  doing  nothing;  pleasant  idle- 
ness. [City  of  London.) 

Domine,  dlrige  nos.    [L.]    Lord,  direct  us.     (Motto  of  the 

Dominus  vobiseum.    [L.]    The  Lord  be  with  you. 

double  entente.    [F.]    Double  meaning;  equivocal  sense. 

d'outre  mer.    [F.]    From  over  sea. 

drap  d'or.    [F.]    Cloth  of  gold. 

droit  des  gens.    [F.]    Law  of  nations;  international  law. 

ducit  amor  patriae.    [L.]    Love  of  country  leads  [me]. 

dulee,  "Domum."  [L.]  Sweet  word,  home;  from  a  song 
sung  at  English  schools  just  before  the  holidays. 

dulce  et  decorum  est  pro  patrla  morl.  [L.]  Sweet  and 
seemly  is  it  to  die  for  one's  fatherland. 

dulce  est  desipere  in  loco.  [L.]  It  is  delightful  to  unbend 
upon  occasion. 

dum  spiro,  spero.  [L.]  While  I  breathe,  I  hope.  (Part  of 
the  twofold  motto  of  South  Carolina.) 

dum  vivlmus,  vlvamus.[L.]  While  we  live,  let  its  live.  (From 
an  ancient  inscription.) 

durante  beneplaclto.    [L.]    During  good  pleasure. 

dux  femlna  factl.    [L.]    The  leader  of  the  deed  was  a  woman. 

E 

eau=de=vle.  [F.]  Water  of  life;  brandy. 
ebauclie.  [F.J  Sketch;  model;  outline. 
eeee.     [I,.]    Behold.— ecce  homo!     Heboid  the  man!  —  ecce 

signum!     Behold  the  sign!  here  is  the  proof. 
ecco.    [It]     Here  is  [or  are];  then?  Is  [or  arc];  look  here;  look 

there;  see  (often  an  almost  expletive  Interjection). 
ecole  de  droit.    [F.]    Law  school. 
edition  de  luxe.    [F.J    An  elaborate  and  costly  edition,  often 

limited,  as  of  a  book. 

29 


edltlo  princeps.    [L.)    First  edition. 

egallte.     [F.]    Equality. 

ego  et  rex  meus.    [L.]      I  and  my  king.  (Cardinal  Wolsey.) 

elle  mlt  Weile.    [G.]    Make  haste  slowly;  speed  with  heed. 

Ein'  feste  Burg  1st  unser  Gott.  [G.]  A  strong  tower  is 
our  God:  the  opening  line  and  title  of  Luther's  best»known 
hymn. 

eleve.    [F.]    Pupil;  soholar. 

embarras  de  [or  des]  rlchesses.  [F.l  Embarrassment  of 
riches;  oversupply  of  material. 

en.  [F.J  In;  into;  within;  like;  as;  by  means  of. — en  ar- 
riere.  In  the  rear;  behind.— en  avant.  Forward;  onward. 
— en  deshabille.  In  undress. — en  Dleu  est  ma  fiance. 
In  God  is  my  trust.— en  effet.  In  effect;  virtually;  sub- 
stantially.— en  famllle.  In  the  family;  at  home. — en 
foule.  In  a  crowd. — en  grand.  Of  full  size. — en  grande 
tenue.  In  full  dress. — en  haut.  Above;  on  high. — en 
masse.  In  a  body. — en  paplllotes.  In  curl=papers. — en 
passant.  In  passing;  by  the  way. — en  pension.  In  a 
boarding-house. — en  pleln  jour.  Before  the  whole  world. 
— en  rapport.  In  sympathetic  relation. — en  regie.  Ac- 
cording to  rule;  in  due  order. — en  route.  On  the  road;  on 
the  way. — en  suite.  In  a  series  or  set. — en  verite.  In 
truth;  verily. 

en  cueros  [en  cueros  vivos].    [Sp.]    Naked. 

enfant  gate.    [F.]    A  spoiled  child.  [hope. 

enfants  perdus.     [F.l     Lost  children  [of  an  army];  forlorn 

enfant  terrible.  Terrible  child;  i.  e„  a  precocious  child  given 
to  disconcerting  remarks. 

enfant  trouve.    [F.]    A  foundling. 

entin.    [F.]    Finally;  to  conclude. 

ense  petit  placldam  sub  Ubertate  quietem.  [L.]  By  the 
sword  he  [or  she]  seeks  repose  settled  under  liberty.  (Motto 
of  the  State  of  Massachusetts.) 

entente  cordlale.    [F.]    See  entente  in  vocabulary. 

entremets.    [F.]    A  side=dish  or  -dishes;  an  interlude. 

entre  nous.    [F.]    Between  ourselves;  confidentially. 

e  pluribus  unum.  [L.]  Out  of  many,  one.  (Motto  of  the 
United  States.) 

errare  humanum  est.    [L.]    To  err  is  human. 

e  sempre  I'ora.    [It.)    It  Is  always  time. 

esse  quam  videri.    [L.J    To  be  rather  than  to  seem. 

est  modus  in  rebus.  [L.]  There  is  a  limit  in  things;  modera- 
tion should  be  observed. 

esto  perpetua.    [L.]    May  it  [or  mayst  thou]  last  forever. 

est  qusedam  fiere  voluptas.  [L.]  There  is  in  weeping  a 
certain  pleasure.  [and  everything  of  the  sort. 

et  hoc  ]or  id]  genus  omne.    [L.]     And  all  that  sort  of  thing; 

et  tu,  Brute!  And  thou,  Brutus!  (Caesar's  exclamation  on 
seeing  his  friend  Brutus  among  his  assassins.) 

et  sequentla  (et  seq.).    [L.]    And  what  follows. 

et  sic  de  ceteris.    [L.J    And  so  of  the  rest. 

et  sic  de  similibus.    [L.J    And  so  of  the  like. 

eureka!  [Gr.J  I  have  found  It!  Exclamation  attributed  to 
Archimedes.    (Motto  of  California.) 

Ewlgkeit.    [G.J    Eternity. 

Ewlg=Weibllche.    [G.J    The  eternal  feminine. 

ex  abundantia.    [L.J    Out  of  the  abundance. 

ex  animo.    [L.J    Heartily. 

ex  caplte.    [L.J    Out  of  the  head;  from  memory. 

ex  cathedra.  [L.J  Officially,  or  with  authority.  Sen  cath- 
edra, in  vocabulary. 

excelsior.    [L.J    Higher.    (Motto  of  New  York.) 

exceptio  probat  regulam.  [L.J  The  exception  proves  the 
rule.  [been  made. 

exceptis  exciplendis.     [L.J     The  proper  exceptions  having 

ex  concesso.    [L.J    From  what  has  been  conceded. 

ex  delicto.    [L.l    From  the  crime. 

ex  dono.    [L.J    By  the  gift. 

exegl  monumentum  aere  perennlus.  [L.J  I  have  reared 
a  monument  more  enduring  than  bronze. 

exempla  sunt  odlosa.    [L.J    Examples  are  offensive. 

exempli  gratia.  [L.J  By  way  of  example:  abbreviated  e.  g. 
or  ex.  gr.  [in  plays. 

exeunt  omnes.    [L.J    All  go  out:  used  as  a  stage  direction 

ex  facto  jus  oritur.    [L.J    The  law  arises  out  of  the  fact. 

ex  fide  fortls.    [L.J    Firm  by  faith. 

exltus  acta  probat.  [L.J  The  outcome  justifies  the  deeds: 
motto  of  Washington. 

ex  llbrls.  [L.J  From  [among]  the  books  [of):  an  inscription 
in  a  book  followed  by  the  author's  name. 

ex  more.    [L.J    According  to  custom. 

ex  necessitate  rel.    [L.J    From  the  necessity  of  the  case. 

ex  nlhllo  nihil  fit.  [L.J  Out  of  nothing  nothing  is  made  [or 
comes).  [fools. 

experlentla  docet  stultos.    [L.J    Experience  teaches  [evenl 

experto  crede  or  credltc.  [L.]  Believe  one  who  speaks  from 
experience. 

expertus  metult.    [L.]    Having  had  experience,  he  fears. 

expressls  verbis.    [L.l     In  express  terms. 

ex  professo.    [LJ     Openly;  avowedly;  professedly. 

ex  proprlls.    [L]     From  one's  own  resources. 

ex  quoeunque  caplte.    [I,.]     From  whatever  source. 

ex  uno  dlsce  omnes.    [L.)    Sec  ab  uno,  etc. 


f  u  Hi    prim  i|>s 
iiimii  11 


rim  . 


ii... i   i .  r  be 


ill 


1  ■ .  [done 

in  all 

i  unu.  I  il-u«  In  •  •  in 1 1 1 1< ii ~  ■   i>>>lni. 

fama  nihil  r.|  i  .  I.  rlu-  ruinnr 

ii 

!.»•     llli   II'  • 

,.  I.i. II  .11.  . 

mi  [words, 

t j> 1 1 1  iin.ihii.  !■  irnii  i. mill.  womanly 

1.     ml.  IIX  •    er. 

I.  Ii.  II.  r 

i,  mm,  i   .ii  i  hambre.     \  chamber. 

r   ill  charge.     Hou      i  epcr. 

!.    III. 

ni.|..  ir.  .  iral  festival.       l)»y. 

i.  ii  .i.   |..|.  .  in-,  in  express  publlo 

n-inii.'.  [heavena  mil. 

ti>i  (ii.iida.  mat  cerium,  be  done,  tho  the 

ii  it  im.  light. 

n.ii  in.  r  nrully. 

n. i. .  in hi  armta.  faith,  ii"'  bj 

,  .  ,,r..ii  it  iitb  crowns 

ti.iu.  \.  N  il<  -  irusiy  Mend. 

mi.  .i.  |..ii-. 

fill,  ii'ii. .mi.  ai  l  nf  honor. 

im.  in  r.  .|i|i  .  .  end. 

r. .ll.il   ..|H|..  I  Itir  Work. 

tii..r  mil   in  ii. .  i  ie  war  raging;  during  the  wir 

n  i>r  ,nir  drill  in.    ,i.  i    in  tin-  i  m  of  the  crime. 

.  nun  francl.    ,i  iol  to  be  broken. 

f..u.  ■  i   iirlw'i. 

f..r-.\n  ii  h.ir  niiiii  memlnlsse  juv.ihit.    ii.]    Perchance 
titer  delightful  to  remember. 
fortes  fnriuiia  sdjurat.     i       Fortune  favors  the  brave. 
(.  r titer  el  reel* 
f,.nii>r  in  re,  taarltct  1 1 1  modo.  inly  in  the  act, 

nked. 
full  Ilium  Ilium  (Troy)  Is  no  more, 

lu in  in-  1 1 tlii  in  ■  ■  .  ma  of  office. 

.rni.i   inlnl.r     ,:.  .;i[>lles  anus, 

fun.r   |ni|iii mil.  .king. 

furnr  .< TiiH'tidl.     i       Mania  for  writing. 


sage  d'amniir.  love. 

gar.1.-  ilu  i  nr|i-.  .  ird. 

gardes,  hliii. 

genius  tori,  i  nf  the  place. 

g.  d'affaires,    itusiness  men. 
I.,  -ii mill,  ii  Mutation  or  toast, 

gltann. 

glnrl.i.  doxologlee  beginning 

Gloria  In  Excelsla    Deo],    Glory  to 

Gloria  Patrl,    i  llory  In;  to  the 

grUrkllrhe  Belie!      G.]     Prosperous  tourney  to  you! 

Kimi  lil  seanton.     <  .r  )     Know  tl 

grand*  parur.        toilette.    ;i   |    lull  dress. 

grand  rimiulc.      I        Tbe  world  at  large;  refined  society. 

gregallm  Mocks. 

i..  a  d(    -■  n  lilg  head  and  little  wit. 

..in  rn     i  nn.rl.     .:  ..      .'.a  ".■    death. 

II 

har  lc«i  •  '!r-r  this  condition. 

:  cry. 
baud  pa--lhu-    •  i|iil-. 
ii  hi  i  .  i  l...n 

h.llini  lllirnriiin.  ioks:  bookworm. 

hiatal  ralde  deflendus.  ,  be  deplored. 

Mr  it   ■  J  111  f  1 1 1  •- .  I  • 

hlr  Jaii' 

it  inn. 
hlr    -ipultll..        I  If    - 

hlnr  lll.i    In  ruin  i  In  rim. i  team. 

■late  im  •  in  el  |i"iiiii  -i<ra.  •        rurce  we 

■'.  learning. 
. 
lux-  aiuii.  In  this  year, 

boc  lace.  [•.  this  place. 


N00 

Inn    -Um>  I  Im  I 

inn  tempore      I        u  this  I  Ima 

hul    pnllnl  .  ■     Ill  1,1 

i im.  d'affaires,      i        Hu  ilm      man 

h.. mm.  de  letters,      i        Man  of  loiters;  literal*)  man 

homme  d 'esprit,      i        M i  Intellect;  wli 

iiimr.i.i  mors  turpi  \ii. i  potior,    ii  i    ii able  doath  Is 

life 

innii  .nil  qui  mil  i  pense.      i       Evil  be  in  him  wl t  n 

thinks     (Motto  of  tno  Order  of  the  Garter.)        [m 
imimrr.    nun. mt    mores.      i         Uono 

hiiiin.  .ill)  .tries.     ;  I         II, .ii    i   in 

I i  babel  onus,    ill    Honor  la  onoi 

hnr.i  lugit.     i   |    The  imur  nice 

iinrriiiiii'  diriii.     i   .    Horrible  to  be  told 

hnr.  di'  riuiiii  1 1  Out  of  the  oombat:  henoe,  disabled, 

bora  de  ronroars.     i       Out  of  tho  competition. 

Imrs  ile  propOS.  !     frmii  Ilu    pu 

hnr.  iii'  salson     |i|    <  >ui  of  ■-•■  i 

hortus  sleeus.    |i.|    Literally,  a  dry  garden :  a  herbarium. 

ii,, i.i   dee   ini.iliiii..      i        Hospital   for   Invalids   u    «., 

Invalid  soldiers:  name  of  ■  famous  edlOco  In  Pa 
hotel  de  rllle.    Bee  hoti  i  .  In  vocabulary, 

hum  ilium  eel  err. in-.       I  i    i  I  rT  Is  human 

imur  tu  r.iM'iu.    ,i  i    Of  bhn  do  thou  beware. 


hh  dli'ii.    [O.]    i  serve.    (Motto  of  the  Prince  of  Wail's.) 

hi  mi  parte  franeals.     I   ;    French  la  spoken  here, 

hi  est.    [L  1    Thai  Is:  abbreviated 

hi  genua  omne.    [L  ]    \n  thai  class;  :>n  of  thai  sort. 

Ignotum  per  Ignotlus.  [L  I  \  thing  unknown  b]  a  thing 
more  unknot  n.    i  smi.i  of  confusing  explanat  Ii 

M  taut  I'argent.    Ii   i    Money  la  m 

II  raul  later  aOO  Huge  sale  en  famllle.  |I'l  1  im  ought  to 
wash  one's  soiled  linen  In  p  [appetite 

11  n'eel  sauce  que  I'appeut.    [i]    There  la  no  sauce  like 

11  ii'>  ■  pa.  a  dire.    [F  I    There  is  nothing  to  hr  said 

11  n'\  a  pas  de  quol.  [i  |  There  is  no  occasion;  don'l  men- 
tion ii  (replying,  fore  ample,  to  an  apology), 

II  penseroso.    in  i    The  pensive  man;  a  dreamer. 

linn  peeiore.    |i.  |    From  the  Inmost)  breast 

lmperlan]  In  Imperio.  Ml  Empire  within  empire;  b  gov- 
ernmenl  within  a  government 

implicit'-.    |i.  i    By  Implication. 

impus  anlml.    ii.  |    Weak  of  mind;  imbecile. 

Impossible  n'est  pas  an  mot  franeals.  I  Impossible  Is 
not  :i  French  word     i  attributed  to  Napoleon  i  > 

In.  |i.  i  in  in  act  ii.  [n  reality  Inseternum.  Forever. 
—In  amblgtiu.  In  duiiht.  Ill  arniis.  in  arms,  In 
arthulu  mnrlls.     At  the  DOlnt  Of  death       In  camera.     In 

secret  In  commendam.  in  trust  said  of  beneBcea  >m-i<i 
by  blshopa  to  supplement  timir  official  Income  in  fla- 
grante delicto,    [n  the  very  act  of  committing  tl rime 

in  forma  pauperis,  in  the  character  «r  oonditlon  ol  a 
pauper.  In  foro  consclentl».  in  the  forum  of  conscience 
—In  limine.  On  ilu-  threshold.  In  loco.  |i..|  in  the 
place;  In  the  rtghi  or  proper  Bpot,  In  loco  parentis.  In 
the  place  of  a  parent,  Inmedlasres.  n.i  in  the  midst  of 
things;  into  the  tn:irt  of  the  matter.-  In  memorlam.    in 

ory  [ofj;  aa  a  memorial  [to]  In  nomine  Domini.  In 
the  name  of  the  Lord,  In  minibus,  in  the  clouds;  not 
clear.— In  nace.  in  :i  nutshell  in  pace,  in  peace  in 
perpetniim.  Forever  Inpleno.  Lnfull  Inpnesentl. 
ai  the  present  time  In  propria  personft.  in  one's  own 
In    purls   natiirallbiis.      (I,.|      In   a 

of  nature;  entirely  naked.  In  re.  |i..|  [n  the  matter 
of ;  with  regard  to.  In  rcnim  nalura.  II.. I  In  the  nature 
uftiiiiiL's  iii  situ.  |i. |  in  place;  In  Its  proper  position. 
—In  statu  quo.  |i.  i  in  the  state  In  which  in  was  before); 
In  Its  original  condition.— In  toto.  |i..|  Altogether;  en- 
tirely,   in  transitu.    In  transit;  during  transmission. — In 

\llin   \erltas.      In   u  Im-   there   Is   truth    (I.    i ..   UXtOXii 

makes  one  communicative). 
In  bianco,    lit  ]    in  blank;  In  white. 
in  eselo  iinies.    ii.  i    m heaven  [Is]  rest.  [tears 

inde  Ira-  ct  lacrlmic.    |i..]    Thence  the  resentments  and  the 
Index  erpnrgatorlus.    |i,]    a  list  of  |  hooks  requiring]  ex- 
purgation: a  list  of  books  from  which  certain  passages  must. 
minated  before  the:  ma]  be  read  b  i  i  at .: 
liii-.t  elementla  fortl.    [L.]    Clemency  Ls  natural  to  a  brave 

man. 
Infra  dignitatem.    |i,.]    Beneath  one'a  dignity. 

In  hoe  slgnu  spes  men.     II.  ]     Iii  this  sign  Is  ray  hope. 

In  hoi-  signo  vinees.    |i.  ]    By  thia  sign  Hinu  wilt  conquer. 
Motto  ni  the  emperor  <  ionstantlneO 

In  omnia  paratus.     [I,.]     Prepared  for  all  things. 

In  sccula  sci  ulorum.  [I.]  To  ag'-s  of  ages;  for  over  and  ever. 

Instar  omnium.    |i.]    Worth  them  all. 

Inter  alia.     [1.1     Among  other  things. 

in  t.rrorem.    [i.|    By  way  of  Intimidation  or  warning. 
Inter  se.     i .  i    Between  [or  among]  themselvssj. 
Inter  spem  el  metam.   11. 1    Between  hope  and  fear. 

In  totldem  \erhls.    [L.l     In  so  many  words. 


891 

In  usu.    [L.]    In  use.  lout  genius  or  inspiration). 

Inrita  Minerva.     [L.]     Minerva  being  unwilling  (i.  e.,  with- 

Ipsojure.    [L.]    By  the  law  itself. 

ira  furor  brevls  est.    [L.I    Anger  is  a  brief  madness. 

ita  est.    [L.J    It  is  so. 

Iteruin.    [L.]    Again. 


Jamais  en  arrlere.    [F.]    Never  behind. 

Jardin  des  Plantes.     [F.]     Garden  of  Plants  (name  of  the 

Botanical  Garden  in  Paris). 
Je  me  lie  en  Dieu.    [F.]     I  trust  in  God. 
Je  ne  sais  quoi.    [F.]    I  know  not  what. 
je  ii'oublleral  jamais.    [F.J    I  shall  [will]  never  forget. 
je  suis  pret.    [F.]    I  am  ready. 
Jet  dVau.     [F.]     Jet  of  water;  fountain. 
jeu.    [F.]    Play;  diversion. — j.  de  mots.    Play  on  words.— 

Jeu  d'esprit.    [L.]    A  play  of  wit  or  fancy;  a  witty  sally. 
Jeunesse  doree.    [F.]    Gilded  youth;  rich  young  men. 
Je  vis  en  espoir.    [F.]    I  live  in  hope. 
Jour.    [F.]    Day.— jour  de  fete.    A  fete=day;  a  festival. 
jubilate  Deo.    [L.]    Rejoice  in  God. 
judicium  Dei.    [L.]    Judgment  of  God. 
Juppiter  pluvlus.    [L.]    Jupiter,  the  Rain=giver. 
Juppiter  tonans.    [L.]    Jupiter,  the  Thunderer. 
juredivino.    [L.]    By  divine  law. 
Jure  humano.    [LJ    By  human  law. 
juris  peritus.    [L.]    Skilled  in  the  law. 
jus  civile.    [L.]    Civil  law. 
jus  divinum.    [L.]    Divine  law. 

juste  milieu.    [F.]    Golden  mean.  [trict  of  Columbia.) 

Justltla  omnibus.    [L.]    Justice  for  all.    (Motto  of  the  Dis- 

K 

Kulturkampf  der  Mensclilteit.     [G.]     Culture»conflict  of 
humanity. 


laborare  est  orare.    [L.]    To  work  is  to  worship. 
labore  et  honore.    [L.]    With  labor  and  honor.  [self. 

labor  est  etiani  Ipsa  voluptas.    [L.J    Labor  is  pleasure  it- 
labor  omnia  vincit.    [L.]    Labor  conquers  all  things. 
Isesa  majestas.    [L.]    Lese=majesty;  treason. 
la  grande  nation.    [F.]    The  great  nation  (1  e.,  France). 
laissezmous  falre.    [F.I     Let  us  alone;  let  us  be. 
l'allegro.    [It.]    The  merry  or  cheerful  one;  the  joyous  man. 
lapsus  calami.    [L.]    A  slip  of  the  pen. 
lapsus  linguae.    [L.]    A  slip  of  the  tongue. 
lares  et  penates.    [L.)    Household  gods. 
Latine  dictum.    [L.]    Spoken  in  Latin. 
laus  Deo.    [L.]    Praise  be  to  God. 
le  beau  monde.    [P.]    The  fashionable  world. 
le  Bourgeois  Gentilhomme.    [F.]    The  Middle=class  Man 

turned  Gentleman. 
leb'wohl.    [G.]     Fare  well. 

le  Diable  Boiteux.    [F.]    The  Lame  Devil;  The  Devil  on  two 

Sticks  (title  of  a  French  romance).       [ing  before  the  law. 

legalls  homo.    [L]    A  lawful  person;  a  person  in  good  stand- 

le  grand  Monarque.    [F.]  The  Great  Monarch  (Louis  XIV. 

of  France). 
Ie  Jour  vlendra.    [F.]    The  day  will  come. 
le  pas.    [F.]    The  step;  precedence. 

Ie  point  du  jour.     [F.]     Daybreak.  [the  king! 

le  roi  est  niort,  vive  le  rol!    [F.]    The  king  is  dead,  long  live 
le  rol  et  1'etat.    [F.]    The  king  and  the  state. 

le  rol  le  veut.    [F.]    The  king  wills  it. 

le  rol  s'avlsera.    [F.]    The  king  will  deliberate. 

les  absents  ont  toujour*  tort.  [F.]  The  absent  are  always 
in  the  wrong.  [makes  men. 

Ies  affaires  font  les  hommes.    [F.]     Experience  of  affairs 

les  murailles  ont  des  orellles.    [F.)    Walls  have  ears. 

1'etat  c'est  moi.  [F.]  I  am  the  state!  Attributed  to  Louis 
XIV.  of  France,  but  without  foundation.  [sota.) 

1'etoile  du  nord.    [F.]    The  North  Star.     (Motto  of  Minne- 

le  tout  ensemble.    [F.]    The  whole  taken  together. 

lettre  de  cachet.  [F.]  A  sealed  or  secret  letter,  usually  con- 
taining orders  for  the  arrest  or  imprisonment  of  the  person 
concerned. 

lettre  de  change.    [F.]    Bill  of  exchange. 

lettre  de  crcance.    [F.]    Letter  of  credit. 

lettre  de  marque.     [F.]     Letter  of  marque. 

lex  loci.    [L.]    The  law  [or  the  custom]  of  the  place. 

lex  non  scripta.    [L.J     Unwritten  law;  the  common  law. 

lex  tallonls.    [L.]    Law  of  retaliation. 

lex  terrae.    [L.l    Law  of  the  land. 

rhomme  propose,  et  Dieu  dispose.  [F.]  Man  proposes, 
and  God  disposes. 

I'lnconnu.    [P.]    The  unknown. 

lite  pendente.    [L.]     During  the  trial. 

Ilttcra  scripta  manet.    [L.]    The  written  word  remains. 

loco  citato.    [L.]    In  the  place  cited.  [substitute. 

locum  tenens.     [L.]    One  taking  the  place  [of  another];  a 

locus  In  quo.    [I,.]    Place  In  which. 

Ionge  abslt.    [L.J    Far  be  It. 


facile  princeps 
moyen  age 

longo  intervallo.    (L.)    With  a  long  interval. 

longum  Iter  est  per  precepta,  breve  et  efflcax  per  exem- 
pla.  [L.]  Long  is  the  way  through  precepts,  short  and 
effective  through  examples. 

loyal  en  tout.    [F.]    Loyal  in  everything. 

loyaute  m'oblige.    [F.I    Loyalty  binds  me. 

loyaute  n'a  honte.    [F.]     Loyalty  has  no  shame. 

lucidus  ordo.     [L.]     Lucid  arrangement. 

lucrl  bonus  est  odor  ex  re  qualibet.  I  L.j  The  smell  of 
money  is  good  whatever  its  source. 

lucrl  causa.    [L.)    For  the  sake  of  gain. 

Incus  a  non  lucendo.  [L.]  Something  whose  properties 
do  not  correspond  to  its  name:  alluding  to  an  absurd  deriva- 
tion of  lucus  (a  grove)  from  luceo  (be  light). 

ludere  cum  sacrls.    [L.]    To  sport  with  things  sacred. 

lupus  est  homo  homini.  [L.j  Man  is  wolf  to  man  (i.  ., 
men  prey  on  one  another).  [devil,"  etc. 

lupus  In  tabula.     [L.]    The  wolf  in  the  fable;  "Talk  of  the 

lupus  pllum  mutat,  non  mentem.  [L.]  The  wolf  changes 
his  coat,  not  his  disposition. 

lusus  naturae.    [L.]    A  freak  of  nature. 

M 

ma  chere.    [F.]    My  dear  (feminine). 

macte  nova  virtute.     [L.]    Go  on  in  fresh  deeds  of  valor: 

often  macle  viTlute,  meaning  "Go  on  In  virtue." 
ma  fol.    [F.]    My  faith;  upon  my  faith.  [it  prevails. 

magna  est  Veritas,  et  praevalet.    [L.]    Great  is  truth,  and 
magna*  inter  opes  inops.    [L]    Poor  amid  great  riches. 
magnum  opus.    [L.I    The  chief  work  of  an  author. 
magnus  Apollo.     1 1 .  I     Great  Apollo. 
maison  de  ville.    [F.]    City  residence;  town  house. 
mail  re  des  hautes  ceuvres.     [F.]     Hangman. 
maitre  d'hotel.     [F.]     A  house»steward. 
mal.  [F.]  Evil;  disease;  ailment.— malde dents.  Toothache. 

— mal  de  mer.    Seasickness. — mal  de  tete.    Headache. 
maladie  du  pays.    [F]    Homesickness. 
malgre  nous.    [F.]    In  spite  of  us.  [come  singly." 

maiheur  ne  vient  jamais  seul.    [F.]     "Misfortunes  never 
malo  modo.    [L.j    In  a  bad  manner. 

malum  in  se.    [L.]    A  thing  evil  in  itself.  [tion. 

manana.    [Sp.]    To=morrow:  a  term  of  indefinite  procrastina- 
mania  a  potu.    [L.]    Mania  resulting  from  alcoholic  excess; 

delirium  tremens. 
manu  forti.    [L.]    With  the  strong  hand;  by  main  force. 
mare  clausum.    [L.]    A  closed  sea  (i.  e.,  a  sea  subject  to  a 

particular  nation,  in  distinction  from  the  open  sea,  which  is 

free  to  all) . 
mariage  de  convenance.    [F.]    A  marriage  of  convenience. 
mas  vale  saber  que  haber.    [Sp.]    Wisdom  is  better  than 

wealth. 
matre  pulchra,  fllia  pulchrlor.    [L.]    Daughter  more  beau- 
tiful than  the  beautiful  mother. 
mauvais  gout.    [F.]    Bad  taste. 

maximus  in  minimus.    [L.]    Very  great  in  very  little  things. 
meden  agan.    [Gr.]    Not  too  much;  shun  excess. 
mediocria  hriua.     [L.J    The  middle  condition  in  life  is  the 

safe  one. 
meglio  tardl  che  mal.    [It.]    Better  late  than  never. 
mehr  Licht!    [G.]    More  light! 
mejudice.    [L.]    In  my  judgment. 
memento  niori.    [L]    Remember  that  you  must  die. 
mens  legls.  [L.]  The  spirit  of  the  law.       [nothing  is  swifter. 
mens,  qua  nihil  est  celerius.    [L.]    The  mind,  than  which 
mens  sana  in  corpore  sano.    [L.]    A  sound  mind  in  a  sound 

body.  [itself;  a  clear  conscience. 

mens  sibl  conscla  recti.    [L.]    A  mind  conscious  of  right  to 
meo  voto.    [L.]    By  my  wish. 

merum  sal.    [L.]    Pure  salt;  true  good  sense  or  wit. 
nieiim  et  tuum.    [L.]    Mine  and  thine. 
mlrabile  dictu.    [L.l    Wonderful  to  be  told. 
mirabile  visu.    [L]    Wonderful  to  be  seen. 
mise  en  scene.    [F.]    Stage=setting;  hence,  visible  surround- 
ings generally. 
miserabile  vulgus.    [L.]    Wretched  rabble. 
mlsericordla    Domini    Inter    pontem   et    fonteru.      [L.l 

'Twlxl  bridge  and  wave  the  Lord  may  save. 
mobile  pcrpetuum.    [L.]    Something  perpetually  in  motion. 
modus.    [L.]    Mode;  manner.— modus  operandi.    A  mode 

of  operating.— modus  vlvendi.    A  mode  of  living;  that  Is 

(in  international  law),  a  temporary  arrangement  pending 

final  settlement. 
mon  ami.    [F.]    My  friend. 
mon  cher.    [F.]    Mv  dear  (masculine). 
montani  semper  liberl.     |L.)     Mountaineers  are  always 

freemen.     (Motto  Of  West  Virginia.) 
monuinentiim  sere  percnnlus.     [1..]     A  monument  more 

enduring  than  bronze. 
moriturl  te  saluiamiis.     [L.l     We  [who  arel  soon  to  die 

salute  thee:  salutation  Of  the  gladiators  to  the  Roman  em- 
peror, 
mot  d'ordrc,  mot  du  guet.    [I]    Watchword. 
moyen  age,     [F.]    The  Middle  Ages. 


ill li 1 1 11  tn  In   |>.ir\<> 
:  ii ii in  <  -i 


sir 


iiiuui"  noiiilm- 
niutuu-  r»n»«-n«u» 

\ 

mluri    lion    frrll    vallum 

iali. 
nrrc->«lli»  MP  lul»i   legi  m 

II.  -  .'  fur  public  hu 

[In  opp 

ii<-iiiln.   ...iiiri.lli.nl.      urn i  ;--t»WI:ii4 

11.1110  mc  liiipunc  U.  . --It  DM  with 

llr   111  in  I  u  in . 

I  nlinl- 
.    ■ 
nlrliC  wilir?  N        II  it  '  Mil  t fi:»- 

■i 1 1  admirari  >:  nothing,  [despair 

nil  ill nwfinclnm  dred  of;  never 

nil  dlrli.  he  makes  do  reply. 

nil  uM  rrurc. 

nil     >lnr     numlii.  Mil*:     without     I'r..\  lilcncc. 

nl  Tun  nl  1'auf  r<-.  IM  DOT  (lM  other. 

ilaMto.  no  matter. 

11 1  -I    l>,.mltui-.    fru-lr.i.  -   the    Lord  [build   tlu> 

i   linburgh  I 
altar  in  edraraam.  i  nrugajla  against  adva 

aauaanaas  [obligations. 

i,,.t.|.  ...  obUgi 

:  "f  money,  no  mat  tor 

noil  me  langerc.       I.  )  Touch  DM 

nom  de  guerre,  a  war-name;  any  assumed 

Dame;  •  pseudonym. 

nom  de  plume.      1  1    '              a  [mii. nam.;  a  pseudonym. 

imnim.  inting. 

ii -«t  inw  niu-.  ..ii  found. 

1 1.  oi  I  Ho- 1 .  ;•  I 

oos  nil  rl<  or.lo.      [|  |     I  do  Dot  remember. 

non   pa»»lbu»  aeuuls.  Not   with  equal  (I.  s.,  with 

in m  possumus.  .-an  not;  we  are  not  able, 

non  qui*.  SBd  quid.     [I.  ]     Not  who.  but  wluit. 
ii..-..'   !•-. 

noia  beae    \ .  H.  .  ■  iki   notice. 

Sotre  Dame,  le  of  famous  cathedrals 

n'oubllri  pas.  [that. 

noui  aions  change  tout  reU.     [F.I     We  have  altered  all 

in ni<  retreats.  we  shall  see. 

iiiiiu-hnmu.    [F  ]    A  new  man:  upstart:  parvenu. 

nunc  aut  BUnquam.  *  or  never. 

niiptl.i -.    [L.1    Nuptials;  wedding. 

o 

obllt    ob.  .      L  ]    He  [she]  died 

obiter  dirt  mi  i.  r.-rnark  by  the  way  or  In  passim,'. 

*.  In  vocabulary, 
obra   <]•■   roinun.   obra  de   nlngun.     [H;>  !      "Everybody's 
•  .-.:..-.-  >  r.  ibod]  -  buslneai  "  [the  true  order) 

prlnrlplU.  i   (which  gives 

•  mIIuiii    tln-ologlcum.     [I..J     The  hatred  of  theologians  [In 

•  i-uire*.     i       Works,  aa  of  art  or  literature. 

-  mu.  bo  «•-[>•-<  I.    es  d<-  ni-K.ir.     [Bp.]    To  offer  much 

[Its  ri 
■  ■ini  mrdaslla  ha  II  ssm  rovecclo.     it  1    Every  medal  baa 
..mi.    Ila-t.  aber  ohm-  Ra-i.      G        i  BJiastlng.  but 

[an  egg. 
omne  ilium  ex  ovo.    [I..]     Fv-ry  living  thing  comes  out  of 
omnia  ad  IM  Riorum.    [L]     All  things  to  the  glory  I 
omnia  ilrult  amor.    [L  things, 

on  n'a  rl.-n  pour  rlen.      i  .' .r  nothing. 

onus  proband!.     [L  1    The  burden  of  proof 
upu<  operatum.     [L.]     A  work  wrought  'the  assumed  In- 
herent efTlracy  of  a  sacrarr.  -  grace). 
ora  ■  sempre.     [It  ,     Now  and  always, 
ora  pro  nobis.               Pray  for  us. 
..r.-  roiundo.     rL .]     With  full  utterance. 
..r.    i. mi-.                            .e  mouth  merely. 
an  >  plan.                                Iver. 
K  -I  -b   omnl  i!               O  If  all  wen    >husl 
Q  temporal  O  mortal                  at  times!    What  n. 
ntlum  cum  dignltate.    [L]    Leisure  with  dignity. 
otlum  sine  dlgnlUte.     ;i..     Leisure  without  dignity, 
onbll.rj-  aepede.                  .    •  1  can  not. 
oul'dlr.                       \rsay. 
ouirbr                       rklng  men. 


I<  ii  ..  I  n  i  put;  In    M.nr  Ii 

p  ..ii  <  .on  i  ni  i  -  i  iii  upon 

p  .111.1.  mora.  [bear  the  palm 

p  iini  mi  <  1 1  ■  I  meruit  feral.    |i  ]    i.i  blm  who  has  won  H 

pin.  in  it  rlrcensee.  [i  l    Dread  and  ins  clrous;  fo.Mi  and 

nelit 

par.     |1   ]     H\  .  mu  of.  Iii      par  acres.     1 1 \    Bis  and 
par  accident.    >  par  accord.    Bj 

par  riemple.    i  or  example. 
|.  ir.loim.  /  nioi.      i       Pardon  me 
parent  non  fcrt.     i  |    He  does  not  endure  an  equal 
part  passu,     i       W       i  iual  pace;  a)  the  same 
par  nobiir  fr.iiriiin.    |i   i    Noble  pair  ..f  brothers. 
partlce-pa  erlmlnla.      i        \  iharer  In  a  crime,  whether  as 
prim  .  I"  Ith  greal 

p.tna  eomponere  magnls.    [i.]    To  compere  small  things 

pale  de  fob",  gras.  Df  fat  gOOOVllVI 

pater  pntrUe.     I       i  ither  of  his  oountry. 

patres eonscrlptl.    |i.|   Conaorlpt  fathors; Roman aeii 

pax  roblacaml     i   I    Peace  be  with  you  I 

pttcati     [i.  |    l  have  Binned 

peine  forle  el  (lure.     |l    |     Heavy  and  harsh  punishment . 

pendente  lite,    [i.l    Pending  or  during  suit. 
penetralia.    IM    The  lm  Breey;  sanctuary. 

pensee.    [F  l    Thought ;  maxim. 
per  aapera  ad  aatra.    [L.]    Through  boltaand  bars  to  the 

per  conto.    lit]    rjpon  account. 

per  diem.     |I,  ]      By  Ihe  da\  ;  dally. 

per*  de  famine,     i       Father  of  a  family, 

pet  taa  ei  nefas.    |i..]    Through  right  and  wrong, 
perictiliim  In  mora.    [i.  i    There's  danger  in  delay 
per  Interim,    [i]    [n  the  mean  time. 

per  inese.     [It.]     liy  the  month. 

peraona  grata,    [i.]     A  diplomatic  representative  who  is 
Mill.-  to  the  government  to  which  be  Is  accredited: 
opposed  to  persona  non  grata,  one  noi  thus  acceptable. 
petitio  principii.    [i. .]    a  Begging  of  the  question. 

petit   inailre.     |I'  ]      top;  dude. 

peu  a  peu.    [i-'.|    Little  by  little. 

peu  de  blen,  peu  de  miIii.    [1]     I. It l Ic  gain,  little  pain. 

peu  de  chose.     [F.]     A  small  mailer. 

pezzo.    [it.]    Piece;  piece  of  i tey;  coin, 

piece  de  rc-.l-.tancc.     IF]     The  most   substantial  dish  of  a 

dinner,  as  a  Joint  of  roast  beef:  often  used  figuratively. 
pled  a:terre.    1 1-  ]    Temporary  lodging. 
plnxlt.    [I..]    He  [or  she]  painted  lit]. 

ptS  aller.     [F.)     Fast  shift;  end  of  resourc-es. 

place  aut  dames.    |1'  ]     Make  way  for  the  ladles. 

po.o  a  poco.    in  ;    Little  by  little. 

poi-ta  iiascltur,  non  fit.     |F]    The  poet  Is  born,  not  made. 

point  d'appul.     [F .]     A  point  of  application;  basis. 

jiolllce  verso.  [I.. I  With  thumbs  reversed  or  extended  down- 
ward: uaed  among  the  Romans  to  denote  that  a  defeated 
gladiator  be  put  to  death. 

pondere,  non  numero.    [L]    By  weleht,  not  by  count. 

posae  Vtdeer.    [I,.]     I  seem  to  myself  to  be  able. 

possnnt  quia  posse  vldentur.  [L]  They  can,  because 
they  think  they  can. 

poste  restante.  IF]  To  remain  [at  the  poswifTlec]  until 
called  for;  also,  the  name  of  the  department  where  letters 
are  so  held:  the  general  delivery. 

post  meridiem.     [I.]     Afn-r  midday:  abbreviated  P.  M. 

pour  prendre  conge    P.  P.  C>.    [P.]    To  take  leave. 

preux  chevalier.    [P.]     Brave  knight. 

prima  facie.    [F]    At  first  view:  as  far  as  first  appears. 

prlmo  noiiiii.     [II  !     Besl  Or  most  prominent  actor  or  singer. 

primus  Inter  pares.     [I.]     1  Irst  among  equals. 

princlplls  obsta.    [I..]    Withstand  beginnings, 

pro  ar!s  et  fuels.     ;|.        I  or  altars  an  I  for  firesides. 

pro  bono  publico.    [1..]    For  the  public  good. 

proccs  verbal.     [F.]     A  Statement   In  writing;  an  official  re- 

r.latlng  to  the  commission  of  a  crime. 
pro  et  con.    [I..]     For  and  u 
prof. mum  vulgus.    [L.|    The  common  herd. 
pron  podorl    [L  I    Alas,  modestyl  for  shamel 
projei  de  loi.    [i]    biii  an  legislation). 
pro  nunc.    [I. .]     For  now;  for  the  present, 
pro  patrla.    [F]     For  native  land. 
pro  canto.    [I.l     I  or  so  much:  to  that  extent, 
pro  tempore    prol.in   .  I  of  the  time  being;  temporary. 

pugntS  et  raid  bus.     [I.  I     With  lists  and  hi  M  I- 
Punlca  fides.     [L.]     Punic  (r-arthaglnlan)   faith;  treachery; 
a  piece  of  Koman  satire  on  the  fidelity  of  Carthage. 

Q 

ouarltur.    [L.l    It  Is  asked;  the  question  arises. 

■  i  i  ,li- ilta,  finis  Ita.    [L.]    As  you  Bpend  life,  so  you  end  life. 

q  land  meme.     [F .]     Fven  tho;  notwithstanding. 

quantum  libit.    |l.]    As  much  as  you  please. 

quantum  mutstus  ab  Hlol     [I.  1     How  changed  from  hlrnl 

from  what  the  same  person  once  was). 
quantum  sufflrlt.    [L.|    As  much  as  suffices;  enough 
quantum  vis.    [LJ    As  much  as  you  like. 


893 


multum  In  parvo 
( iiiiiii  est 


quare  impedit.    [L.]    Law.    Wherefore  he  impedes. 

que  vouler.  vous?    [F.]    What  will  you?    In  mild  protest  at 

what  is  impossible  or  extremely  difficult. 
quia  timet.    [L.J    Law.    Because  he  [she]  fears. 
quid  faciendum?    [L.]    What  is  to  be  done? 
quid  hoc  sibi  vult?    [L.]    What  does  this  mean? 
quid  pro  quo.    [L.J    Something  for  something;  an  equivalent. 
quid  rides?    [L.]    Why  do  you  laugh? 
quien  sabe?    [Sp.]    Who  knows? 
qui  facit  per  aiium  facit  per  se.    [L.]    He  who  acts  through 

another  acts  through  himself. 
qui  invidet  minor  est.    [L.]    Who  envies  is  inferior. 
qui  pense?    [F.]    Who  thinks?  [himself. 

qui  s'excuse,  s'accuse.    [F.)    Who  excuses  himself  accuses 
qui  tacet  consentit.    [L.]    Who  keeps  silence  consents. 
qui  transtulit  sustinet.    [L.]    Who  transplanted  sustains. 

(Motto  of  Connecticut.) 
qui  va  la?    [F.l    Who  goes  there? 
qui  vive?    [F.]    Literally,  who  lives?  who  goes  there? 
quoad  hoc.    [L.J    To  this  extent;  so  far. 
quocunque  modo.  '  [L.]    In  whatever  way. 
quod  erat  demonstrandum  (Q.  E.  D.).    [L.]    Which  wag 

to  be  proved.  [done. 

quod  erat  faciendum  (Q.  E.  F.l.    [L.]    Which  was  to  be 
quod  vide.    [L.]    Which  see:  abbreviated  q.  v. 
quo  jure?    [L.]    By  what  right?    By  what  law? 
quo  modo?    [L.]    In  what  manner? 
quot  homines,  tot  sentential.     1 1..[     There  are  as  many 

opinions  as  men. 

R 

raison  d'etat.    [F.]    Reason  of  state. 

raisen  d'etre.    [F.]    Reason  for  being;  an  excuse  for  existing. 

rara  avis.    [L.]    Rare  bird;  prodigy. 

recueil.    [F.]    A  book  or  collection  of  writings. 

reductio  ad  absurdum.  [L.]  Reduction  to  an  absurdity; 
proof  of  a  proposition  by  showing  the  absurdity  of  its  con- 
tradictory. 

regnant  popull.  [L.]  The  people  rule.   (Motto  of  Arkansas.) 

rentes.    [F.)    Stocks;  funds  bearing  interest.  [please. 

repondez  s'il  vous  plait  (R.  S.  V.  P.).    [F.]    Reply  if  you 

requlescat  In  pace.    [L.]    May  he  [she]  rest  in  peace! 

res  angusta  domi.    [L.]    Straitened  circumstances. 

res  gesta.  [L.J  A  thing  done;  transaction. — res  gestae  (pi.). 
All  the  essential  circumstances. 

resplce  flnem.    [L.J    Look  to  the  end. 

respublica.    [L.]    The  commonwealth. 

resurgam.    [L.]    I  shall  rise  again. 

revenons  a  nos  moutons.  [F.]  Let  us  return  to  our  sheep 
(i.  e..  to  our  subject). 

rWacimento.     [It.]     Reinstatement;  reestabllshment. 

role  d'equipage.    [F.]    List  of  the  crew. 

ruse  de  guerre.    [F.]    A  stratagem  of  war. 

rus  In  nrbe.    [L.]    Country  In  city. 

s 

sal  Attlcum.    [L.]    Attic  salt;  wit;  wisdom.       [dining=room. 

salle.     [F.]     Hall.— salle   a   manger.     [F.]     Dining=hall; 

salus  populi  suprema  lex  esto.  [L.]  Let  the  people's 
safety  be  the  supreme  law.    (Motto  of  Missouri.) 

salvo  pudore.    [L.]    Without  offense  to  modesty. 

sans.  [F.]  Without.— s.  ceremonie.  Without  ceremony. 
— s.  DIeu  rien.  Nothing  without  God. — s.  doute.  With- 
out doubt.— s.  facon.  Informally.— s.  pareil.  Without 
equal. — s.  peine.  Without  difficulty. — s.  peur  et  s. 
reproche.  Without  fear  and  without  reproach. — s.  soucl. 
Without  care. 

sartor  resartus.    [L.]    The  tailor  retailored. 

satis  verborum.    [L.]    Words  enough. 

sauve  qui  peut.  [F.]  Let  him  save  himself  who  can  (In- 
dicating an  utter  disorganized  rout). 

savoir  faire.    [F.]    The  knowing  how  to  do;  address;  tact. 

savoir  vlvve.    [F.]    The  knowing  how  to  live;  good  breeding. 

scrlpslt.    IL.)    He  [or  she]  wrote  [it]. 

sculpslt.    iL.]    He  [or  shel  sculptured  [it].  [custom. 

secundum  artem.     [L.]     According  to  art  or  established 

secundum  naturam.    [L.]    According  to  nature. 

secundum  ordlnem.    [L.]    In  order. 

secundum  usum.    [L.]    According  to  usage. 

selon  les  regies.    [F.]    According  to  the  rules. 

semel  pro  semper.    [L.]    Once  for  all. 

semper  eadem.  [L.J  Always  the  same.  (Motto  of  Queen 
Elizabeth.) 

semper  fcllx.    [L.]    Always  fortunate. 

vemper  Udells.    [L.]    Always  faithful. 

semper  idem.    [L.]    Always  the  same. 

semper  paratus.    [L.]    Always  prepared. 

servabo  flclem.    [L.]    I  will  keep  faith. 

sic  Itur  ad  astra.  [LI  Thus  one  may  rise  to  the  stars  «.  e., 
to  Immortal  fame). 

Sic  passim.    [I.. |    Thus  everywhere. 

sic  semper  tyrannis.  [L.]  Thus  ever  to  tyrunts.  (Motto  of 
Vlrelula.) 


sic  transit  gloria  mundl.  [L.]  Thus  passes  away  the  glory 
of  the  world. 

sicut  ante.    [L.]    As  before. 

sicut  patribus,  sit  Deus  nobis.  [L.]  As  with  our  fathers,  so 
may  God  be  with  us. 

sic  vos  non  vobls.  [L.]  Vergil,  according  to  Donatus  Life  of 
Vergil.    Thus  you  toil,  not  for  yourselves. 

si  diis  placet.    [L.]    If  it  please  the  gods. 

slecle.  [F.]  Age;  century. — siecle  d'or.  [F.]  Golden  age. — 
siecles  des  tenebres.    [F.]    Dark  ages. 

s'il  vous  plait.    [F.]    If  you  please. 

similia  similibus  curantur.  [L.]  Like  [ailments]  are  cured 
by  like  [remedies].    (Motto  of  homeopathy  in  medicine.) 

simplex  mundltiis.  [L.]  Plain  in  neatness;  of  simple  ele- 
gance. 

sine.  [L.]  Without.— s.  cura.  Without  charge;  without 
care. — s.  die.  Without  a  day  being  appointed;  indetinitely. 
— s.  mora.    Without  delay. — s.  odio.    Without  hatred. 

si  quaeris  peninsulam  amcenam,  circumsplce.  [L.J  if 
you  seek  a  delightful  peninsula,  look  about  you.  (Motto  of 
Michigan.) 

siste,  viator.    [L.]    Stop,  traveler.  [pare  for  war.. 

si  vis  pacem,  para  belluni.    [L.]     If  you  wish  peace,  pre- 

sous  tous  les  rapports.    [F.]    In  all  respects. 

soyez  ferme.    [F.]    Be  firm. 

spectemur  agendo.    [L.]     Let  us  be  judged  by  our  deeds. 

spes  sibl  qulsque.    [L.]    Each  man  must  rely  upon  himself. 

sponte  sua.    [L.]    Of  one's  own  accord. 

statu  quo  ante  bellum.    [L.]    As  it  was  before  the  war. 

Sturm  und  Drang.    [G.]    Storm  and  stress. 

sua  culque  sunt  vitia.  [L.]  Every  one  has  his  own  peculiar 
vices. 

suaviter  In  modo,  fortlter  in  re.  [L.]  Gently  In  the  man- 
ner, firmly  in  the  act. 

sub.  [L.]  Under.— sub  rosa.  [L.J  Under  the  rose;  in  strict 
confidence. — sub  sllentio.  In  silence. — sub  voce  (s.  v.). 
Under  the  word  (e.  g.,  in  a  dictionary). 

sui  generis.  [L.J  Literally,  of  bis  [her,  its,  or  their]  particu- 
lar kind;  forming  a  kind  by  Itself;  unique. 

summa  summarum.    [  I ,  |    Sum  total. 

summum  bonum.    [L.]    The  supreme  good;  chief  good. 

suo  Marte.    [L.]    By  his  own  force  of  arms. 

suppressio  veri,  suggestio  falsi.  [L.j  Suppression  of  the 
true  [is]  suggestion  of  the  false. 

sursum  corda!    [L.J    Lift  up  your  hearts! 

surtout.    [F.]    Above  all;  especially. 

sutor  ne  supra  crepldam  judlcaret.  [L.]  Let  not  the  cob- 
bler venture  above  his  last.  (Let  one  criticize  only  what  he 
understands.)  Ultra  is  sometimes  less  correctly  written  for 
supra. 

suum  culque.    [L.]    To  each  one  his  own. 

suus  culque  mos.    [L.J    Every  one  has  his  own  peculiar  way. 

T 

tabula  rasa.    [L.]    A  smooth  or  blank  tablet. 

tache  sans  tache.    [F.]    Task  without  blemish. 

Indium  vltae.    [L.]    Wreariness  of  life. 

tam  Marti  quam  Mercurlo.  [L.J  As  much  for  Mars  as 
for  Mercury;  as  much  for  war  as  for  business. 

tangere  ulcus  or  vulnus.    [L.]    To  touch  a  sore  spot. ' 

tant  mleux.    [F.J    So  much  the  better. 

tant  pis.    [F.J    So  much  the  worse. 

tant  s'en  faut.    [F.]    So  far  from  it. 

tempora  mutantur,  et  nos  (or  nos  et]  mutamur  In  tills. 
[L.J    Times  are  changed,  and  we  are  changed  In  them. 

tempus,  edax  rerum.    [L.]    Time,  consumer  of  things. 

tenipus  fugit.    [L.]    Time  flies. 

tentanda  via  est.    [L.J    A  way  must  be  attempted. 

terminus  ad  quem.  [L.J  Limit  to  which;  goal.— terminus 
a  quo.    Limit  from  which;  starting»polnt. 

tertium  quid.  [L.J  A  third  something;  a  conjectural  me- 
dium between  two  opposites;  hence,  a  nondescript. 

tlens  ta  fol.    [F.J    Keep  thy  faith. 

tiers  etat.     [F.]    The  third  estate;  the  common  people. 

tlmeo  Danaos  et  dona  ferentes.  [L.l  I  fear  the  Greeks, 
even  when  they  bring  gifts. 

to  kalon.    [Gr.J    The  beautiful. 

to  prepon.    [Gr.J    The  lit:  the  becoming. 

totldem  verbis.    [L.J    In  so  many  words. 

toto  caslo.    [L.J     By  the  whole  heaven;  very  far  apart. 

totum.    [L.J    The  whole. 

toujours  pret.    [F.J    Always  ready. 

tour  de  force.    [F.J    A  feat  of  strength  or  skill. 

tout;a*falt.     [F.J     Entirely. 

tout>a>l'heure.    [F.]    Instantly. 

tout  au  contraire.    [F.]    Ouite  to  the  contrary. 

tout  de  suite.    |F.)    Immediately. 

tout  est  prls.    [F.]    All  Is  taken;  no  further  chance. 

tracasserle.     [F.J     Chicanery;  treachery. 

tranchant.    [F.]    Trenchant ;  decisive;  peremptory. 

trlpotage.    [F.J    A  mess;  a  Jumble. 

Troja  fult.    |L)    Troy  has  been  (i.  e.,  exists  no  longer). 

In  quoque.    [L]    You  too;  "you're  'mother." 

tuum  est.    IL.)    I*  »s  thine 


rlrua  i\>\<- 

11   mi. I   <  in   (..-.l.inkr 


sitl 


ulKitlmi  Mr.. 

lll..,.|r 

I  Him*    1  liul. 


illluwl    N 


ilf         I  ■    %  1.1. 

ill!  I  Ulnr 

\  In.  ilium   matrimonii.       I    !      I  In'  I. .mil  ..t  linn rln 

\ir.~.|ii.'  .ui|iiini  .Mini. ..      i  i     \n.i  the  [Rumor]  gaitm 


\ 

'   'Mil 


una   l.«r 

uii  .  it-  ii"  ii»«r  mitn 

und  »•>  »  «-l  I c-r     u  .  «  .   m 
uiki  an  I  ill" 
u»«4Ur   i.l   mi 

ii^.jii.   jk.\  miwm,  '     uisratlon. 

U»U»   loullrM.ll 
Ulllr  .Int.   I 

ul  Infr  > 

till  !"•  .«l.l.  II.  -.-.Ion. 

u(    .ju.-cun.,  |  ■  imrM    for   ... 

ul  .upr».  \      . 


udr  In  parr. 

..■.inn  .rnpanlnn. 

ijt  » lc  1 1  - 
I  *!• 

«»ir*i  .jujiiiuiii  i.ii.Ti-  potest,  tor  what 

\al.l  .1.    i  Maitihrt-.  \-  -•.  I  rvant 

ac  plsadite.  a  .ii.  tad  give  appla 

i  art  •    I.-.  II. Mi.-..  I 

>ir|..rum  ii"i  . 

ij-iinii  .-I  mulahll.'  ..  in |>.  r  t.  inlna.     [l..\      \  thing  lucon- 

rta  media.  n  extremes), 

i.  lb  .1  r«m|..  With        -    .  .  !  m  II 

«.  nl.  i I. II.  i  l<  I 

I.  Mil.    ...   1111. Il-  AlllllS 

in  ot  III. Tallin.      I    .     Word  f< >r  word  ami  letter  for 

\  ■  ri.inii  .ai  .apiiiill.   [L.]   "A  word  to  the  wise  Is  sufficient." 

-  pr.i-ialrhlt.     [I.]    Truth  will  prevail 
i.  rltj.  >  lnrl  t .  '    Truth  conquers, 

i.  rm.'Ulu. 

leMlgla.  _■■•«:  fooWU-ps;  I 

re*ttgta    nulla    r.ir.ir.um.  .-kward 

-■::.■ -v.. '~  quoted  to  express  Used  purpose  to  advance). 

•  .**  original  mi 

.  i.  rr.  in.  i  .'hlenmc     (Said  by 

the  fox  In  .Eiop's  fable  of  the  Lion  and  tin-  I  ox.     Mi-  saw 

•:..ert  were  no  footsteps  backward  from  the  lion 

i.uuri  lai    kept  for  hire;  a  hack. 

•ettVbM.  ■  me  who  keeps  or  drives  a  hack:  ::  haeUnau. 

i'.ilnt. 
i  la  triu  i  la  luta.  •  .'.ii  [is)  a  safe  path. 

r.     ;, 

i !  et  arinl..    [L  i    By  force  of  arms. 


«is  a  term,     i  from  behind. 

>i.  in. .n.  iiru  nature,     i        i  '..•  healing  power ..'  nature; 
iv  of  livliut  tlMMiir  to  repair  Injuries  Inflicted 

tli.i  l.r.il..  longs  .it.        i    1     I .ife  ii  slinrt,  urt  IniiK 

»nii.  in  inn  .in.-  iia.i'iiiir.    ,i  |    No  one  la  born  fret  from 

\  hai  n-icl  n.i"  '   iiir  queen  I 

iii.ii  respubllcal     i       Long  live  tin'  republlol 

ih.ii  rr\:      i   :     I  ong  live  thi   I  Ingl 

rl»e  la  repobllquel      i       Long  llvo  the  republlol 

\  in-  I'l'inprri'iir:      i        Long  live  the  emperor  I 

iin-  Ie  roll     i       i  ong  live  the  klngl 

i  in-,  rmleqne!     i       i  it'-  and  health  to  voul  farewell  I 

rogue  la  gsMrei    ,i  ;    Row  the  galley  I    Keep  on,  come  what 

rouai      i   ,     rherel  than  it  Im!  «<•<•  therel 

I.. n.i  i. mi.     i       rhere.  thai  la  all;  that  Is  the  whole  of  It. 

rolente  Deo.    [i  ]    i  ..«i  w  tiling, 

\i.ik  i!.r  Dlehter  and  Denkor.    i<.  i    Niaion  otpoetsand 

thinker,  (the  <  .en 

mi.  ct  pr.iirri-.i  nihil,    [L )    Voice,  ah.i  besides  thai  noth- 
ing' 
vm  piipuii.  mi  I>«'|.    [i.j    The  voice  ol  tin-  people  h  the 

I  i  lod. 
lulgo.    [L.J    Commonly. 


w 

Wanderjahr.  [< ;  ]  a  year  of  travel  bef..re  Bottling  down. 
Wanderlust.    .1  •  ,    A  desire  to  wander;  Impulse  to  travel. 

WeltlKeratur.     [O.]     World-literature. 

Ui'ltM'hmer/.    |c;.)     W  orld-wo;  weariness  of  life;  Sentimental 

'.l.ni. 
»le  KevMMiiieii,   >o   zcrronnen.     [OJ     As  won.   go   Down; 
"light  oome,  light  go." 


f  a  Roma  por  todo.    [Sp.]    And  to  Rome  for  everything. 
ycui  doux.    [P.]    Sweet  eyes;  soft  glances. 


zapatoro  a  tu  zapato.    [Sp]    shoemaker,  mind  thy  shoe. 

Zeitgeist.     [O.]     The  spirit  of  the  times. 

roe  mou,  sas  agapn.     [<lr  |     My  life.  I  love  thee.     (Refrain, 

In  modern  Greek,  or  Romaic,  to  Byron's  •'Maid  Ol  Athens. 

ere  we  part.") 
/..nam  pirdldlt.     [L.l     Hor.  Ep.  2,  2,  40.     He  has  lost  his 

money-belt, 
/urn  itei.pii'i    i.  Ii.  .    [G.]    For  example. 
/ml   Seelen   und   .in   Gedanke.  zwcl    Ilerzen   und  eln 

M-hlag.    [(J.)    Two  souls  and  one  thought,  two  hearts  and 

one  beat. 


IN1V1  RSI  i  \    «'i    I   IUFORNIA   1  IBM  MO 

i  ,>n  \t«m  ii  «. 

1  in-  Ux.k  is  i>i  i  .mi  tin  u-i  date  ttanped  below, 


IB  '      '952 

Li. 

'52 


til 


V 


^ 


V3       ;'  975 

5      ^\EB  0  6  1988 

APR  20  19« 


M  2  9 


1963: 


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